Judul: Analisis DNA Mitokomdria Badak Sumatera dalam Konservasi Genetik
Abstrak: Research on the genetics of Sumatran Rhino had been conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in March 2007 to March 2008. The aims were determining level of genetic diversity of inter-species individual, determining the phylogeny of inter-species individuals, and finding out the genetic distance of four individuals. Blood samples were taken from 2 female Sumatran rhinos (Rosa and Bina) and 2 male Sumatran rhinos (Torgamba and Andalas) from the SRS (Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary), Way Kambas National Park. Analyses was conducted using the CO I gene and D-loop mtDNA. The primers used to amplified sequence of D-Loop partial were RHDLF and RHDLR, while sequence of CO I partial were RHCOIF and RHCOIR. Data were analyzed using the MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis) program with African White rhino, African black rhino and Indian rhino from GenBank as the out-groups. The phylogeny were analyzed Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method with 1000 bootstrapped . The PCR product was 711 bp long of CO I gene area, while the D-Loop partial was 677 bp-size DNA fragments. The D-loop DNA sequence also showed that the Sumatran rhinos were significantly different with the African rhinos despite their similarity in appearance, both rhinos had two horns. The Sumatran rhinos apparently had a closer genetic distance with Indian rhinos which had single horn. This suggested that the geographical distribution more influenced by the phylogeny rather than the number of horn.
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Judul: Karakteristik Marka Genetik DNA Mitokondria Sebagai Acuan Konservasi Genetik Harimau Sumatera
Abstrak: Harimau Sumatera merupakan satu-satunya subspesies harimau yang masih bertahan hidup di Indonesia dan saat ini keberadaannya terancam punah. Dengan mengetahui status genetik dan keragaman genetik suatu populasi dapat dirancang suatu program konservasi untuk menghindari kepunahan dan membantu pengembangan rencana pengelolaan kelangsungan hidupnya (Damayanti 2007). Pengkajian keragaman genetik melalui penandaan molekuler menggunakan Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), baik dari DNA inti dan DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) akan mengungkapkan perbedaan dengan lebih teliti dalam membedakan intra dan interspesies yang menyangkut tentang struktur, komposisi, dan organisasi genom pada tingkat DNA (Duryadi 1994). Cytochrome b (Cyt. b) merupakan fragmen di dalam genom yang biasa digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan spesies dari genus atau famili yang sama. Sedangkan daerah Displacement loop (D-loop) biasa digunakan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan sampai tingkatan intraspesies karena dua domainnya yaitu HVS-I (Hypervariable Segments I) dan HVS-II memiliki mutasi yang tinggi (Widayanti 2006). Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Untuk menganalisis keragaman genetik berdasarkan marka genetik daerah Cyt. b parsial dan daerah D-loop bagian HVS-I pada Harimau Sumatera; dan (2) Untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan antar individu Harimau Sumatera dan antar subspesies Harimau Sumatera dengan subspesies harimau lainnya di dunia.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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