Judul: Characterization of upper konaweha watershed and testing the effect of land cover and climate change with hydrological model
Abstrak: Land cover and climate conditions have an important role in supporting the hydrological function in waterhed area. Hydrological modeling approach can be used to analyze the response of hydrological functions to land cover and climate change. In this research, we used the Generic River Flow (GenRiver) Models to simulate the impact of land cover convertion and simple climate change on the water balance of the Upper Konaweha Watershed (2856 km2) that is located in Konawe and Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi. Later, the discharge of Upper Konaweha Watershed will lead to Pelosika Dam. The objective as well as the steps of this study were: (1) to describe the characteristics of hydrological and climate of Upper Konaweha watershed as an input of hydrological model; (2) to calibrate the GenRiver and HBV Models based on observational data, and if necessary modify the GenRiver Models, and (3) to simulate the impacts of climate and land cover change using a hydrological model. The simulation of the impact of land cover and climate change toward present hydrological condition was based on 1990-2010 data. While the future simulation scenarios for the next 21 years (2010-2030), considered 8 factorial combinations of: (1) Bussiness as usual (BAU) (extrapolatimng land cover change as occurred in the last 21 years (1990-2010)) versus no change from 2010 condition; (2) local translation of global climate scenarios AIF1 and B1 (IPCC Scenarios); and (3) high and low rainfall intensity. Upper Konaweha Watershed has annual rainfall variated between 907.1-2270.2 mm with average of potential evaporation 115.1 mm. Based on the characteristic of stream network, Upper Konaweha Watershed can be divided into nine sub-watershed. The performance evaluation results between GenRiver and HBV model showed that both models have equal performance with the difference of NSE is 0.02. While the simulation result showed the potential changes in rainfall intensity, without change in daily rainfall, would have considerable impact on surface flow and seasonal pattern of discharge. Otherwise, land cover change will have a more modest impact and climate changed on IPCC Scenario will not be expected to have a significant influence on water balance in the Upper Konaweha Watershed.
Keyword: climate change, GenRiver, HBV, land cover change, water balance

Judul: Modeling of Flood for Land Use Management (Case Study of Ciliwung Watershed)
Abstrak: Floods are one of the major disasters affecting many countries in the world year after year. It is an inevitable natural phenomenon occurring from time to time in all rivers and natural drainage systems. It causes damage to lives, natural resources and environment as well as the loss of economy and health. Floods represent complex problems because of its variety. Therefore, this variety cannot be studied or controlled only by one or two specific methods. The objectives of this research are to understand the process of flood events and its interaction with hydrometeorological components, to develop flood model for watershed management and to determine the effect of land use change to watershed discharge which indicates flood event. The research consists of four processes those are 1) Data Preparation, 2) Model Development, 3) Model Simulation and 4) Model Calibration and Validation. Data preparation was conducted for two kinds of data namely spatial data and tabular data. Model developed as numerical model of the hydrology of a river basin system. This model includes the response of watershed to precipitation, the actions of the river network as water flows through the river, the effect of land use changes, and the effect of engineering structures to the watershed. Model simulated by change land use as an input. Model calibrated by using water level data of field measurement in year 1996 and model validated by using water level data of field measurement in year 2000. The result of this reseach showed how the process based modeling is useful to model hidrological processes over the watershed. Precipitation is the main input for hidrology simulation and land use change gives the effect of water level in the watershed. The model which is built in this research can be used to evaluate runoff from different land use areas. For assessing the hydrological effects of land use changes on floods, three hypothetical scenarios, namely urbanization, deforestation and afforestation scenario, were considered made. It was found from the model simulation that the urbanization scenario has the higest negative impact on increasing water level. Deforestation has the second largest negative impact, while afforestation causes positive impact shown by decreasing water level. The result indicated that the urbanization produce the highest peak flow, followed by the deforestation and afforestation scenario. The simulated water level for the present land use is 84 cm, for the urbanization scenario 135 cm, deforestation scenario 92 cm, and afforestation scenario 59 cm. Accordingly, the urbanization scenario increases the peak discharge by 61%, the deforestation scenario increase 15%, and afforestation decrease by 19%.
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Judul: Sifat fisik dan kandungan Fe Meatloaf yang menggunakan tepung daging sapi sebagai bahan baku
Abstrak: Meatlof merupakan produk yang serupa dengan sosis. Hal yang membedakannya ialah pada meatloaf dilakukan pengisian ke dalam loyang dan dipanggang pada suhu 180 °C selama 30 menit. Meatloaf biasanya terbuat dari daging segar, yang memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi, baik dari segi nilai biologis, kecernaannya maupun kelengkapan asam aminonya dibandingkan bahan nabati, namun masih dinilai sebagai bahan pangan yang sifatnya perishable (mudah rusak). Pembuatan tepung daging melalui proses freeze drying bertujuan untuk meningkatkan umur simpan dan memudahkan pemanfaatannya dalam pembuatan produk olahan. Penggunaan tepung daging sapi dalam pembuatan meat loaf daging sapi diharapkan menjadi alternatif dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani dan menjadi langkah awal untuk inovasi teknologi pembuatan meatloaf daging sapi yang praktis.
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