Judul: Aktivitas Terbang dan Perkembangan Bobot Koloni Lebah Kelulut (Tetragonula laeviceps) di Kampus IPB Darmaga Bogor.
Abstrak: Lebah kelulut (Tetragonula laeviceps) merupakan salah satu jenis lebah yang tidak memiliki sengat (stingless bee) dan termasuk serangga sosial tingkat tinggi yang hidup berkoloni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji aktivitas terbang keluar-masuk lebah kelulut dari sarang, pengaruh faktor lingkungan terhadap aktivitas terbang lebah kelulut, perkembangan bobot koloni, dan melihat potensi sumber pakan yang ada di sekitar lokasi penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas terbanyak terjadi pada pukul 09.00 WIB (keluar sarang), 11.00 WIB (masuk sarang), 07.00 WIB (membawa polen). Analisis korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas keluar dan masuk sarang dipengaruhi oleh intensitas cahaya. Nilai korelasi yang diperoleh yaitu rs = 0.414, p > 0.01 (keluar sarang) dan rs = 0.470, p < 0.01 (masuk sarang). Aktivitas membawa polen dipengaruhi oleh kelembaban relatif dengan nilai rs = 0.705, p < 0.05. Selama dua bulan pengamatan, perkembangan bobot koloni didapatkan hasil sebesar 8.1%. Potensi sumber pakan di sekitar lokasi penelitian cukup melimpah. Didapatkan sebanyak 20 jenis tanaman bunga maupun tegakan yang mengandung nektar, polen, serta resin.
Keyword: aktivitas, lingkungan, sumber pakan, Tertagonula laeviceps

Judul: Bees Flying Activities of Tetragonula laeviceps and Potential Feed Around the Nests in Cipadang Village, Lebak, Banten
Abstrak: Lebah Tetragonula laeviceps termasuk serangga sosial yang membantu penyerbukan tanaman.Informasi mengenai aktivitas mencari pakan (foraging) dan spesies tanaman yang menjadi sumber pakan sangat penting untuk memaksimalkan produktivitas budidaya lebah. Penelitian mengenai aktivitas terbang lebah dan analisis vegetasi sekitar sarang di Desa Cipadang, Kecamatan Cileles, Kabupaten Lebak, Banten belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola aktivitas harian lebah T. laeviceps dan kenekaragaman tanaman sumber pakan di sekitar sarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua koloni lebah T. laeviceps yang memiliki ukuran sarang yang hampir sama. Aktivitas terbang lebah yang diamati yaitu keluar sarang, masuk membawa polen, masuk tanpa polen dan masuk membawa resin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan koloni satu dan koloni dua memiliki aktivitas yang sama. Puncak aktivitas terbang keluar sarang terjadi pukul 07.00, masuk membawa polen pukul 08.00, masuk tanpa polen pukul 08.00 dan membawa resin pukul 08.00. Aktivitas terbang lebah dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan di antaranya suhu, kelembaban udara dan intensitas cahaya. Hasil analisis vegetasi menunjukkan tanaman yang teridentifikasi sebagian besar memiliki potensi sebagai sumber pakan lebah salah satunya Turnera subulata. Indeks keanekaragaman menunjukkan keanekaragaman tanaman di area tersebut stabil dengan nilai H’ lebih dari 1 dan indeks kemerataan spesies menunjukkan jumlah tiap spesies sama dengan nilai E mendekati 1., Tetragonula laeviceps bee is a social insect that helps pollinate plants. Information on foraging activities and plant species that are a source of food are very important to maximize bee cultivation productivity. Research on bee flying activity and vegetation analysis around the hive in Cipadang Village, Cileles District, Lebak Regency, Banten has never been carried out. This study aimed to analyze the daily activity pattern of T. laeviceps bees and the diversity of food sources around the hive. This study used two colonies of T. laeviceps bees of the same size. The bee's flying activities were leaving the hive, entering with pollen, entering without pollen, and entering carrying resin. The results showed that colony one and colony two had the same activity. The peak activity of flying out of the nest occurred at 07.00, entering with pollen at 08.00, entering without pollen at 08.00, and carrying resin at 08.00. The flying activity of bees is influenced by environmental factors, including temperature, humidity, and light intensity. The vegetation analysis results showed that most of the plants identified around the hive had potential as a source of feed for bees, one of which was Turnera subulata.The diversity index shows that plant diversity in the area is stable with an H' value of more than 1, and the Evenness index of species shows that the number of each species is equal to an E value close to 1.
Keyword: foraging, plant nectar sources, pollen, social insects, Turnera subulata

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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