Judul: Deteksi kemampuan Artemia dan kutu air dalam uptake bakteri mengandung DNA asing menggunakan PCR
Abstrak: Peningkatan daya tahan ikan terhadap infeksi penyakit dapat dilakukan melalui pemberian vaksin DNA. Pemberian vaksin umumnya menggunakan metode injeksi. Namun demikian, metode injeksi memiliki beberapa keterbatasan dan tidak efisien karena memerlukan cukup banyak waktu. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu metode alternatif yang dapat diaplikasikan secara massal seperti melalui pakan alami. Artemia dan kutu air (Daphnia dan Moina) merupakan jenis pakan alami yang sering digunakan sebagai pakan benih ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kemampuan Artemia dan kutu air dalam uptake bakteri yang mengandung DNA asing menggunakan PCR. Informasi yang diperoleh berguna dalam aplikasi vaksin DNA melalui pakan alami. Artemia dan kutu air diberi bakteri mengandung DNA asing berupa konstruksi gen pKrt-GFP sebagai model untuk vaksin DNA. Kepadatan bakteri dalam media kultur pakan alami adalah 1,2 x 108 cfu/ml. Setiap 30 menit selama 3 jam, sebanyak 100 ekor Artemia diambil untuk isolasi DNA, sedangkan untuk kutu air 30 ekor diambil setiap 2 jam sekali selama 10 jam. DNA genom Artemia dan kutu air diisolasi menggunakan kit Puregene Minneapolis, USA. Konsentrasi dan tingkat kemurnian DNA hasil isolasi dianalisis menggunakan DNA calculator (GenQuant) dan elektroforesis dengan gel agarosa. Kemampuan Artemia dan kutu air dalam uptake bakteri dianalisis menggunakan metode PCR dengan menghitung jumlah copy DNA asing. PCR dilakukan menggunakan primer GFPF (5’-GGTCGAGCTGGACGG-3’) dan GFP-R (5’-ACGAACTCCAGCAGG-3’). Sebagai kontrol internal loading DNA, PCR juga dilakukan menggunakan primer β-aktin. Produk PCR dielektroforesis dan divisualisasi menggunakan etidium bromida dan disinari ultraviolet. Ketebalan pita DNA diukur menggunakan software UN-SCAN-IT gel 6.0 untuk mengetahui jumlah copy DNA asing yang berhasil di-uptake oleh Artemia dan kutu air.
Keyword: 

Judul: Uji potensi Artemia sp. sebagai vektor pembawa vaksin DNA untuk benih ikan mas Cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) is one of the most common impetuses for disease on common carp Cyprinus carpio. Generally, viral disease is difficult to cure because virus is intra-cellular parasite, that virus survives, multiplies, and lives only if it on the host cell. The DNA vaccine that gift with oral method by Artemia sp. is one alternative that expected to handle fish viral disease. This experiment was carried out to analysis DNA vaccine expression encoding of glycoprotein gene (GP11) on Cyprinus carpio. Bacterial that has contents plasmid Krt-GP11 as vaccine is served through Artemia sp as vaccine carrier. Artemia sp containing the DNA vaccine was prepared for once or twice provisions a week to three week old common carp. The existence of DNA vaccine in intestine, kidney, and gill is analyzed by PCR method. The organs were analyzed every 3 days after vaccination. The expression of GP11 in kidney organs in each treatment is also observed by the use of RT-PCR method. Expressions in the organs were analyzed 10 days after vaccination. The experiment shows that dose of DNA vaccine in whole bacteria could be expressed is 106 cfu in a once or twice provisions a week. DNA vaccine could be detected in three organs. Also, RT-PCR analysis shows that the expression of GP11 can be detected in all tested organs. In conclusion, Artemia sp. can be employed as a vector to carry for plasmid GP11 vaccine with 90 minutes submersion.
Keyword: 

Judul: Socioeconomic and psychological variables influencing household debt
Abstrak: The overall objective of this study was to examine factors influencing total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. The study examined the impacts of both psychological (credit attitudes and perception of future income) and socioe- conomic variables on total debt, total debt payment and patterns of debt payments. A conceptual model for this study was developed by incorporating the theory of borrower risk, the economic and psychological economic theory of borrowing, and the results of previous studies. This model identifies socioeconomic and psycholog- ical variables that influence total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. Socioeconomic variables included in the model are gender, race, mari- tal status, employment status, household size, age, education, and household assets. Psychological variables are credit attitudes toward the use of credit, and perception of future income. This study used data from the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances. The survey was sponsored by the Federal Reserve in cooperation with some other federal agencies. Data for the survey were collected by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan between August 1989 and March 1990. dst ...
Keyword: Gender