Judul: Sistem Peringatan Dini (Early Warning System) dalam Upaya Pencegahan Kebakaran Hutan (Studi Kasus di KPH Madiun Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Negative impact and losses from of forest fires lead to a need of fire preventionfrom earlier i.e. time within determination of fire prevention. Human factors are the main cause of the forest fires in Indonesia. Therefore determining fire fire prone areas could be done by using variables that contribute to forest fires, such as the accessibility towards the forest, forest distance between settlements, and potential conflict areas. Prone areas to forest fires could be determained by how society's perception on the existence of KPH Madiun and Early Warning System. This study is done by analyzing the data accessibility and the level of perception, to determine prone areas to forest fires. Analyze on forest prone areas then use to determine the risk of fires on the area; high level, moderate, or low level. The results showed that from 120 respondents in four villages the low level fire risk is found in Kaliabu and Kebonagung Villages. While, high and medium level is found Mojorayung and Sobrah Villages.
Keyword: early warning system, determination prone areas, forest fires

Judul: Persepsi masyarakat terhadap sistem peringatan dini (early warning system) dalam upaya pencegahan kebakaran hutan (Studi kasus di KPH Pasuruan Perum Perhutani Jawa Timur)
Abstrak: Upaya pengendalian kebakaran hutan dengan melibatkan masyarakat telah diterapkan oleh KPH Pasuruan Unit II Jawa Timur. Manusia diduga sebagai faktor utama terjadinya kerusakan hutan seperti kebakaran hutan, sehingga perlu perhatian dan penanganan yang tepat, efektif dan efisien. Menurut hal tersebut, diadakannya penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor utama penyebab terjadinya kebakaran hutan dilihat dari aspek sosial ekonomi manusia, menentukan tingkat kerawanan suatu daerah terhadap kebakaran hutan sebagai suatu dasar penerapan sistem peringatan dini (early warning system) dan menentukan upaya pencegahan kebakaran hutan. Data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Penentuan lokasi contoh dengan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan tingkat kebakaran hutan dan kedekatan jarak dengan KPH Pasuruan. Dalam penetapan responden sebagai objek penelitian dengan metode snowball sampling. Pengujian keeratan hubungan antara karakteristik responden terhadap persepsi masyarakat terhadap sistem peringatan dini di KPH Pasuruan digunakan uji Spearman dan dijelaskan secara deskriptif. Tingkat persepsi masyarakat terhadap sistem peringatan dini tergolong rendah dengan perolehan persentase yaitu Desa Kunjoro Wesi dengan 93,30%, Desa Wotanmas Jedong dan Desa Sumberrejo sebesar 63,30%. Desa Tambaksari memiliki tingkat persepsi masyarakat terhadap sistem peringatan dini tergolong sedang dengan persentase sebesar 50% dari responden yang terpilih. Menurut uji Spearman, diperoleh hasil yaitu tingkat pendidikan formal memiliki hubungan searah dan dipengaruhi nyata dengan nilai signifikansi < α pada selang 95% dan 99% terhadap tingkat persepsi masyarakat. Daerah rawan kebakaran hutan berdasarkan aksesibilitas dan tingkat persepsi masyarakat yang tergolong sedang-tinggi adalah Desa Sumberrejo dan Desa Kunjoro Wesi. Desa Wotanmas Jedong dan Desa Tambaksari tergolong rendah-sedang
Keyword: Public, Forest fire prevention, Perception, Early warning system

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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