Judul: Analisis Ekologi - Ekonomi Efek Pemutihan Karang (Coral Bleaching) Terhadap Sumberdaya Ikan (Studi Kasus Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Provinsi Jawa Tengah), Analisis Ekologi Ekonomi Efek Pemutihan Karang Terhadap Sumberdaya Ikan (Studi Kasus Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Provinsi Jawa Tengah)
Abstrak: Pemutihan karang merusak sekitar 18% dari luas karang dunia (Hughes et al. 2007 dan diperkirakan akan terjadi setiap tahun pada tahun 2030 (Hoegh-Guldberg 1999). Pemutihan karang memberikan efek terhadap ekologi dan ekonomi, seperti penurunan populasi ikan (Cole et al. 2009), hilangnya spesies ikan (Pratchett et al. 2008), Ciquatera fish poisoning (Susan & Christoper 1992) dan penurunan produksi ikan dan pendapatan nelayan (Cesar 2000). Bagi Indonesia, sebagai negara yang bergantung pada kekayaan alam, peristiwa coral bleaching akan menjadi permasalahan serius. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi adanya pemutihan karang di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, (2) menganalisis kondisi ekologi dan ekonomi nelayan sebelum dan sesudah terjadinya coral bleaching dan (3) menyusun strategi pengelolaan berbasis mitigasi dan adaptasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret - Mei di Kepulauan Karimunjawa. Penilaian ekologi dilakukan dengan melihat status terumbu karang dan sumberdaya ikan sebelum peristiwa pemutihan karang (1997), saat pemutihan karang (1999) dan sesudah pemutihan karang (2002). Profil suhu dianalisis dengan software ODR Ver 3.2 dan komparasikan dengan data tutupan karang sehingga akan diketahui adanya anomali suhu perairan. Analisis kecenderungan sumberdaya ikan dilakukan terhadap 4 kelompok ikan yang berasosiasi dengan terumbu karang yaitu : (1) ekor kuning (Caesionodae), (2) kerapu (Serranidae), (3) kakap (Lutjanidae), dan (4) kakak tua (Scaridae). Pendugaan efek coral bleaching terhadap ekonomi, dilakukan perhitungan prakiraan keuntungan ekonomi dan pendapatan nelayan. Penyusunan strategi pengelolaan dilakukan untuk menghasilkan alternatif pengambilan keputusan yang terbaik melalui analisis multi criteria decision making (MCDM) dan analisis prospektif.
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Judul: Dinamika Perikanan Karang di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Fisheries crisis has been occurred worldwide and become greater in several decades. There is an indication of declining fish stock in Karimunjawa according to the study conducted by The Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program and Karimunjawa National Park Authority. Therefore, this study aimed to assess reef fisheries dynamic, fishing effort dynamic, fisher’s operation strategies, and fisher’s adaptation strategies in response to declining in catch rate. Data were collected from fish landing survey, underwater visual census, and focus group discussion from May to December 2011. Fish biomass was analyzed to obtain the value of maximum sustainable yield. Catch per unit effort and seasonal index were analyzed to obtain fishing effort dynamic. Mean of trophic level was analyzed to describe impact of fishing gear to fish community structure, diversity index was analyzed to describe fishing gear selectivity and descriptive analysis was used for fisher’s tactic and fisher’s adaptation strategies in respond to declining catch rate. The results showed that maximum sustainable yield (MSY) could be predicted from biomass data through equation MSY = 0,724*Biomass + 10,15 indicating heavy fishing pressure and equation MSY = 0,383*Biomass + 5,375 indicating light fishing pressure. All fishing gears used in Karimunjawa were concluded as gears with high diversity index or low selectivity of the catch. Speargun contributed to make the highest catch and catch per unit effort (CPUE) compared to others fishing gears, however handline catches fishes from the highest trophic level, and muroami catches with highest rate per person per trip. According to most fishers, fishing operations strategies were highly influenced by weather conditions. The proportion of fishers that choose to adapt and exit the fishery in concomitant to the decline in catch was increased. The most common adaptation strategies used were reducing fishing effort, changing gears, and move to other fishing grounds. Assessing natural and human system dynamic is essential factors in managing reef fisheries with high consideration to the balance between ecological and socioeconomic factors.
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Judul: Photosensor producing based on ferroelectric material of Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 doped by Ferrium Oxide (Fe2O3) on a P-Type Silicon Substate Si (100) applied as a digital camera with a single pixel image sensor
Abstrak: Thin film Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 (BST) doped with Fe2O3 was grown on p-type silicon substrate (100) using chemical solution deposition (CSD). It used the solvent 2-methoxyethanol with annealing temperature of 850°C and the doping treatment Fe2O3 of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % of the mass formed BST. Pure BST had the highest absorption of 600 nm of light wavelength. Additions Fe2O3 moves highest absorption in the range of 560 nm. Fe2O3 addition was strengthening thin film sensitivity to the effects of light. In general, doping Fe2O3 10% was result the best absorbance and current-voltage of BST thin film. Electrical properties of thin films BST include dielectric, photoconductivity, and dissipation energy. Based on the current-voltage (I-V) analysis, pure BST and doped BST showed photodiode properties. Dielectric values obtained in the range from 23.32 to 243. Based on electrical conductivity data and energy dissipation, BST thin films have shown photodiode characteristics and are therefore suitable as light sensors. The image sensor in a digital camera is also a light sensor. This BST thin film has been scientifically proven to be a light sensor and also it can be applied as an image sensor. This is a novelty image sensor based on thin film Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3.
Keyword: barium strontium titanate, thin film, photodiode, image sensor, digital camera