Judul: Pemanfaatan Reptil Sebagai Obat dan Makanan di Daerah Khusus Ibu Kota (DKI) Jakarta
Abstrak: Economic crisis in Indonesia urge people to utilize natural resources including reptile. Reptile used to be regarded as adverse thing, now becoming profitable comodity for medicine and food. Nowadays, demand for reptile is increasing so that creates more risk for sustainability of reptile because most of reptile hunted from wild. The aim of this research was to know the characteristic of reptile traders and consumers, to know the utilization of reptile as medicine and food products and to investigate reptile trafficking in DKI Jakarta. This research was carried out from November until Desember 2008 in DKI Jakarta. The direct observation and interview to the traders and consumers were be used to collect data. There were ten traders selected by purposive sampling method. Whereas 30 consumers were selected based on the average of daily visitors. Most of traders were Indonesian male with average age of 43 years old and having selling experience for 2-43 years. Most of consumer were Indonesian male with the average of age 34 years old. Their education background were senior high school. There were 13 species (southern Indonesian spitting cobra, king cobra, reticulated python, copperhead racer, mangrove snake, banded krait, Malayan krait, ground pit viper, Indian rat snake, asian water monitor, tockay, skink and southest asian softshell turtle) of reptiles that be used as medicine product (fresh blood, salve, capsule, cream, oil, dried gall bladder, dried male genital and powder). There were 7 species (southern indonesian spitting cobra, reticulated python, crocodile, asian water monitor, tockay, skink and southest asian softshell turtle) were used for food products (roasted meat, soup, frieds meat and fried meat powder). Reptile trafficking in DKI Jakarta was divided into 2 networking system, which are: 1) small scale trader (wild reptiles- hunters - primary collectors - secondary collectors - small scale traders - consumer) and 2) large scale trader (wild reptiles - hunters - primary collectors – small scale productions - large scale traders - consumers). People usually utilize reptile for treating skin diseases. It is necessary to control reptile hunting in order to prevent those species from extinction. Breeding in captivity is on off alternatives to reduce hunting of reptile from the wild. Formal monitoring and regulation in reptile utilization by BKSDA DKI Jakarta, monitoring and contolling by BPOM DKI Jakarta as well as research on bioactive content in reptile meat
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Judul: Perdagangan reptilia sebagai binatang peliharaan di DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: DKI Jakarta in the world of wildlife trade is often referred as yellow dots, a city vulnerable to illegal trade. Wildlife trade in DKI Jakarta consists not only on ornamental fish, mammals and birds, but even reptiles. This study aims to describe trade locations, identify species of trade and analyze preferences of pet reptiles. The study was conducted in five traditional markets and 35 pet shops in DKI Jakarta, using interviews and investigative methods. I also carried out survey on cyber-market trade and interviews to pet reptile owners. The study was carried out from August 20th to November 20th, 2010. A total of 52 species (26 species of turtles, 23 snakes and three lizards) were traded on traditional markets, and 46 species (21 species of turtles, 19 species of snakes and six species of lizards) at the pet store. In traditional markets the common species sold are local species, but not on pet stores where most are imported species. In total, survey found five species of protected reptiles according to PP No. 7 of 1999, four species of Appendix I CITES’s reptiles and six species listed as critically endangered by IUCN Red List. Three forums in internet carried out cyber markets of pet reptiles. The most favorite pet reptiles were snakes, especially the ball python (Python regius).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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