Judul: Characterization of Exon-Intron 1, 5, 6 Endo-β-1,4-glucanase Genes of Termites Coptotermes curvignathus.
Abstrak: Limbah pertanian yang mengandung selulosa dapat diolah menjadi bioetanol. Konversi selulosa menjadi bioetanol memerlukan enzim selulase. Selulase yang dihasilkan rayap mampu mendegradasi selulosa. Rayap Coptotermes curvignathus mampu mendegradasi selulosa karena enzim selulase yang disandikan oleh gen endo-β-1,4-glukanase. Sekuen gen endo-β-1,4-glukanase rayap C. curvignathus (CcEG) dari penelitian sebelumnya belum lengkap dikarakterisasi, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan melengkapi karakterisasi gen endo-β-1,4-glukanase pada rayap C. curvignathus. Metode yang digunakan adalah ekstraksi DNA menggunakan metode CTAB yang dimodifikasi, amplifikasi DNA, dan sekuen DNA. Hasil amplifikasi ekson 1, 5, 6 CcEG berukuran 46, 79, dan 163 pb, sedangkan intron 1, 5, dan 6 secara berurutan sebesar 483, 725, dan 274 pb. Sekuen DNA Ekson 5 CcEG hasil penelitian ini melengkapi penelitian sebelumnya dengan jumlah nukleotida yang berada pada posisi yang sama (overlap) sebanyak 26 pb. Ukuran panjang ekson 1, 5, dan 6 CcEG sama dengan C. formosanus (CfEG) masing-masing yaitu 46, 178, dan 163 pb. Komposisi GC ekson CcEG sebesar 50.3% pada ekson sedangkan pada intron sebesar 43.3%. Intron 1, 5, dan 6 CcEG diawali dengan basa GT dan diakhiri AG. Hasil analisis deduksi gen endo-β-1,4-glukanase ekson 1, 5, dan 6 CcEG menghasilkan 94 asam amino putative dengan metionin sebagai awal asam amino, dan termasuk kelompok Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 9 (GHF9). Analisis BLAST dan jarak genetik CcEG terhadap C. formosanus (CfEG), Reticulitermes speratus (RsEG), dan Nasutitermes takasagoensis (NtEG) menunjukkan tingkat kekerabatan yang tinggi dengan CfEG. Hasil karakterisasi gen endo-β-1,4-glukanase pada rayap C. curvignathus.diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi dasar penelitian in vitro karakterisasi enzim selulase rayap tersebut.
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Judul: Karakterisasi gen endo-b-1,4-glukanase pada rayap Coptotermes curvignathus
Abstrak: Termites are social insects that have a distinct task in form of caste within their colony. Workers play an important role in finding and degrading the cellulose food, due to the existence of endo- -1,4-glucanase enzyme. Hence, this study was aimed to characterize Coptotermes curvignathus endoglucanase gene. Primers were designed based on the Coptotermes formosanus (CfEG) cDNA and Nasutitermes takasagoensis (NtEG) genomic DNA. These introns of C. curvignathus all showed GT/AG rule. Exon two up to five of C. curvignathus endoglucanase were aligned with exon three up to six from NtEG; while the intron two to four of C. curvignathus endoglucanase were at the same position with that of intron three up to five on NtEG. Exon two up to five of C. curvignathus endoglucanase resulted 564 bp and BLASTN analysis revealed that C. curvignathus endoglucanase homologous to CfEG. Putative amino acid obtained from C. curvignathus endoglucanase showed its high homology with CfEG. Analysis based on Pfam revealed that C. curvignathus endoglucanase was member of Glycosyl Hydrolase Family 9 (GHF 9) family and six-hairpin glycosidase superfamily. Motifs found in endoglucanase C. curvignathus were one consensus signature of GHF 9, nucleophile, co-nucleophile, salt bridge, and N-terminal. Based on DNA and amino acid homology between CfEG and endoglukanase C. curvignathus it was expected that endoglukanase C. curvignathus has similar high cellulase activity as shown in CfEG. This will be an essential database for finding an effective cellulase enzyme for further applications.
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Judul: Dampak Perceraian dan Hubungan Sosial terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis Ibu sebagai Orang Tua Tunggal
Abstrak: Family with a single mothers who came from divorced, often bring the impact such as problem or change on a single mothers well-being. The aim of this research to indentify characteristics of single mother and relations with psychological well-being and social relations, and also analyze impact divorce on psychological well-being and social relations. Descriptive analysis, regression, and Pearson correlation was used in this study. The respondents were sixty single mother who come from the length divorced more than six month. The result showed that compare with present condition, psychological well-being, impact of divorce and social relation respondent are more significant lower than the first six month after divorce. There was relationship between age of present and divorce, family’s income, and size of family with level of depression, social support, and economic impact. Based on regression analysis we found there was negative effect of impact of divorce to psychological well-being at the first six month after divorce and the present. Other wise, we found there was not significant effect of divorce to social relationship.
Keyword: economic impact, level of depression, social support