Judul: Genetic Diversity of Cytochrome b of Crowned-pigeons (Goura sp.)
Abstrak: Crowned-pigeon (Goura sp.) was one of endemic animal in Indonesia with “vulnerable" status which spread at Papua New Guinea and Irian Jaya Island. Conservation effort to this species will succeed if morphology characteristic and genetic diversity be known. The main purpose of this research is to analyze nucleotide variability of cytochrome b partial using Polymerase Chain Reaction method. The PCR product amplified by primer M101 and M102, then multiple aligment using Genetyx-Win 3.0™ and Clustal-X™, furthermore analyzed with MEGA 3.0™. The result of analyse from 382 nucleotide of cytochrome b partial encoding 127 amino acid. Findings 42 sites of nucleotide variable with average of transitional substitutions 0.05 and average transversions substitutions is 0.01. Value non-synonymous mutations is 7.08% (10 amino acid sites) whereas synonymus mutations is 23.62% (30 amino acid sites). Value of genetic distance of nucleotide cytochrome b (method p-distance) range from 0.26% - 7.07% with average 5.26%. Filogenetic reconstruction using Neighbor Joining method indicate that G.cristata were closer to G.scheepmakeri compare with G.victoria.
Keyword: 

Judul: Ecological, Genetic, and Conservation Studies of Tanimbar Corella (Cacatua goffiniana) in Tanimbar Islands, Maluku
Abstrak: Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity rate, whether at the ecosystem, species, and genetic levels. One of them is the diversity of bird species of around 1883 species. Birds are very popular as pets, more than 2600 species of wild birds are traded internationally, dominated by Passeriformes and Psittaciformes. Indonesia has two families of Psittaciformes, namely Cacatuidae (seven species) and Psittaculidae (81 species), including the Tanimbar Cockatoo (Cacatua goffiniana) which is an endemic bird in the Tanimbar Islands of Maluku. Conservation activities carried out by the government for C. goffiniana still a series of challenges such as habitat loss, population decline, illegal trade, and law enforcement. Various studies are still needed to obtain comprehensive scientific data related to the species and its ecology. This study of Cacatua goffiniana aims to (a) obtain ecological data consisting of habitat, distribution, diet, breeding, and its interactions with other bird communities, (b) generate data on genetic characteristics consisting of mitochondrial genome structure, genetic diversity, and population mapping of C. goffiniana to trace the origin of confiscated birds and estimate their range, and (c) gather data on conservation implementation, potential legal utilization and threats to its sustainability. This study is expected will be of use as a scientific basis in the conservation strategies and policies so that they can be implemented appropriately to preserve C. goffiniana in Tanimbar Islands, Maluku. Direct observations and interviews to obtain ecological data consisting of distribution, habitat, diet, nest trees, bird species diversity and associations with other bird communities. The distribution of C. goffiniana was recorded in Yamdena, Selaru, Larat, Sera, and Molu (Tanimbar Islands, Maluku). Land cover classification analysis using the supervised classification method with Erdas Imagine 2014 on Landsat 8 OLI image data at path/row 106/065 and path/row 106/066. Land cover classification analysis resulting in six categories: forest, dry land and open land agriculture, mixed plantations, mangrove, built-up land, and wetland. The forest classification represents the largest percentage of land cover in Tanimbar Islands, especially on Yamdena, Waliaru, Selu, Molu, and Maru Island. Foraging, nesting and roosting activities were carried out in forest, plantation and open land habitats. Observations in forest and openland habitats identified 27 food species consumed by C. goffiniana in Tanimbar Islands. A total of six main food species in the forest are Canarium indicum, Ficus variegata, Manilkara fasciculata, Osmoxylon insidiator, Maranthes corymbosa, and Shorea polysperma. The breeding period of C. goffiniana occurs between August-December, with 20 nest trees recorded consisting of seven species, namely Canarium indicum, Pometia pinnata, Alstonia scholaris, Maranther corymbosa, Instia bijuga, Sterculita foetida, and Manilkara fasciculata. Observations made on Yamdena, Selaru, Vaimar, and Larat Island recorded 92 species of birds. The diversity of birds in various habitat types allowed for interaction between communities, particularly competing or sharing for food, nesting, and roosting sites. The genetic study of C. goffiniana analyzed the structure and composition of the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome), as well as genetic diversity using samples from Yamdena Island, Larat Island, Selaru Island, and confiscated BBKSDA East Java. Mitogenome analysis obtained a total nucleotide length of 19.083 bp, the structure consists of
Keyword: confiscated,  conservation, genetic diversity, habitat, Tanimbar Corella

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: