Judul: Permukaan Respon Pengaruh Agitasi dan Lama degradasi Lignin Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit oleh Konsorsium Kapang Secara Aerobik
Abstrak: The response surface of the cultivation time and agitation rate on lignin degradation in the palm oil mill effluent (POME) were investigated. The effect of agitation rate was measured at range 100-150 rpm. Meanwhile, the effect the cultivation time was analyzed in range of two to six days. The influences of factors were analyzed using center point design . However, surface response relationship between both factors on lignin degradation was determined by using central composite design (CCD). As a result, the agitation rate was significantly (93.53%) reduced the lignin degradation. The surface response of cutivation time and agitation rate effect was a saddle point with Y= -0.17131 + 0.006315X1 - 0.021844X2 - 0.000032X12 + 0.000068X1X2 + 0.001474X22.
Keyword: cultivation time., agitation, consortia, aerobic, delignification, Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Judul: Aplikasi Konsorsium Mikroorganisme untuk Mendegradasi Lignin dalam Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit pada Kondisi Aerobik
Abstrak: The microorganism consortia from eight different ponds of palm oil mill effluents (POME) at Palm Oil Mills (POM) of PT Condong Garut and Rejosari- Lampung were selected and applied to degrade lignin of lignosellulosic materials in POME under an aerobic condition. They were aerated to ensure effective isolation of aerobic microorganisms. Selection of lignin-degrading fungi consortia were determined by using selected agar plate (LAC) and liquid Lignin Chloramphenicol (LC) medium. Their ability to degrade lignin of lignocellulose materials in POME were shown by absorbance value and total solids in broth culture. Microorganism consortia from Anaerobic-4 at POM of Condong Garut had the high growth rate in liquid LC medium. These result was also confirmed by their consortia’s ability had the highest degrade of lignin materials in POME compared with the others selected consortia.
Keyword: aerobic, microorganisms consortia, lignin, POME

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii