Judul: Comparison of the In Vivo Glycemic Index Analysis Method and Its Application to White Rice Added with Lemongrass and Indonesian Bay Leaves Extract
Abstrak: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is one of the non-communicable diseases that need to be prevented. The increasing number of people with DM is one of the global health threats. Indonesia is included in the 7th largest DM incidence rate in the world, with a total of 10.7 million people. A healthy diet can be used as an approach in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes. Nowadays, many food products with low GI claims are developed so that the determination of the GI test method is a concern and is very necessary to obtain valid results. Lemongrass and Indonesian bay leaves are spices that contain phenols and can decrease blood sugar levels. This study aimed to compare the analysis method of the glycemic index with the ISO 26642:2010 method and the FAO:1998 method, as well as evaluated the effect of adding water extracts of lemongrass and Indonesian bay leaves on the GI value of white rice. The glycemic index test was carried out using IR 64 white rice as the test food. The application of the selected method was used in testing white rice supplemented with 20% water extract of lemongrass and a combination of 10% lemongrass water extract and 10% Indonesian bay leaf containing phenolic compounds. The addition of the extract was carried out using two methods, during the cooking process of white rice and after the white rice was cooked by spraying it using a sprayer. Replication testing of the reference food, provided better precision in terms of the coefficient of variation (CV). Testing the reference food (glucose) using the ISO 26642: 2010 and FAO: 1998 methods gave the IAUC value of glucose and the GI value of white rice that were not significantly different. However, the use of the ISO 26642: 2010 (2 times) method can minimize testing costs by the number of repeated reference tests that are less than the FAO: 1998 method (3 times), so the method chosen for the application stage is the ISO 26642:2010 method. The application of the selected method on the glycemic test index of white rice added with water extract of lemongrass and the combination of lemongrass water extract and Indonesian bay leaves shows that the addition of water extract of lemongrass and the combination of lemongrass water extract and bay leaf can reduce the GI value of white rice by 9.33-26 90%. The method of spraying the water extract (23.22-26.90%) on rice was more effective at reducing the GI value compared to the addition of the water extract during the cooking process (9.33 and 13.52%). The decrease in the value of GI is caused by the phenol content which may inhibit the performance α-glucosidase enzymes in sugar absorption and causes a decrease in blood sugar.
Keyword: diabetes mellitus, glycemic index, Indonesian bay leaf, lemongrass, rice

Judul: Indeks Glikemik Beras Analog Berbahan Baku Menir dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Teh Hitam
Abstrak: Rice is a staple food for most Indonesian people. The Indonesian rice has different glycemic index (GI) according to variety and process which applied to rice. Rice usually is processed through milling process. There are 5% broken rice produced from milling process. The utilization of broken rice still limited in Indonesia. The main objective of this research was to develop analog rice based on broken rice and the addition of polyphenolic substances from black tea extract by using extrusion technology. Hopefully it would reduce the analog rice GI. So the product will be suitable not only for people who have Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which need to select their carbohydrate food source, but also for normal and health people. The addition of 4% (b/v) black tea extract to broken rice was conducted with 4 treatments: (1) without the addition of tea extract (as control); (2) during rice soaking before milling; (3) before the extrusion process; and (4) both of treatment 2 and 3. Starch digestibility (SD) analyzed by using in vitro method to determine the best treatment of black tea extract addition in lowering the digestibility of starch. The result showed that the fourth addition treatment of black tea extract had the lowest SD value as 58.32% ± 0.38% . These data correlated to GI conducted with in vivo analysis. GI of analog rice result was 44.19±10.75 (low GI), whereas the GI of broken rice was 71.16±15.41 (high GI). The addition of black tea extract significantly reduced the GI of analog rice from broken rice.
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Judul: Beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi pada kakatua
Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan biologi reproduksi seperti organ reproduksi, saat dewasa kelamin, tingkah laku kelamin, masa bersarang serta pengeraman telur dalam usaha untuk melestari- kan dan mengembangkan kakatua. Kakatua termasuk burung berparuh bengkok, berjam- bul dan seluruh tubuh dihiasi dengan bulu yang berbeda menurut spesies. Saluran pencernaan kakatua mirip dengan unggas lain, berbeda pada tembolok yang berbentuk spiral dan gizzard yang tidak mempunyai divertikulum pada ujung bawahnya. Organ reproduksi kakatua jantan terdiri dari testes, epididimis yang rudimenter, vas deferens dan penis yang rudimenter. Kakatua tidak mempunyai kelenjar pelengkap dan septula testis sehingga tubuli semeniferi membentuk jaringan yang bersatu. Organ repro- duksi betina terdiri dari ovarium, infundibulum, magnum, ishmus, kelenjar kulit (Uterus) dan vagina. secara normal hanya ovarium sebelah kiri yang berkembang. Magnum mempunyai kelenjar yang menghasilkan albumin uterus menghasilkan kerabang. ...
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