Judul: Physiological Response, Behavior and Performance of Ongole Grade and Local Crossbreed Cattle on Short Distance Transportation
Abstrak: Transportasi merupakan elemen penting dalam rantai industri sapi pedaging. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi respon fisiologis, tingkah laku dan performa Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Sapi Silangan Lokal selama rekodisi pada proses transportasi jarak dekat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dan Silangan Lokal Jantan masing-masing 8 ekor dengan umur I1-I2 (18-30 bulan). Rataan bobot badan Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Silangan Lokal berturut-turut adalah 291,5±23,5 kg dan 289,0±26,4 kg. Peubah yang diamati meliputi kondisi mikroklimat lingkungan, respon fisiologis, tingkah laku dan performa ternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai THI, sapi mengalami stres panas sedang selama transportasi dan stres panas ringan selama rekondisi. Respon fisiologis dan penyusutan bobot badan Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Silangan Lokal adalah sama. Tingkah laku dominan saat proses pemuatan (loading) dan penurunan (unloading) adalah adalah tergelincir yaitu masing-masing sebesar 30,8% dan 32,7%. Rataan penyusutan bobot badan Sapi Peranakan Ongole 7,0±4,0 kg (2,5%) dan Sapi Silangan Lokal 9,3±5,3 kg (3,1%). Selanjutnya lama rekondisi Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Silangan Lokal sama yaitu selama 10 hari., Transportation is an important element in beef industry. This study aims to evaluate the physiological response, behavior and performance during recondition period of Ongole and Local Crosbreed Cattle in short distance transportation. This study used 8 Ongole Crossbreed and 8 Local Crossbreed Cattle bull with average age of I1-I2 (18-30 months). The average body weight of Ongole and Local Crossbreed Cattle were 291,5±23,5 kg and 289,0±26,3 kg respectively. The parameters observed were environmental microclimate conditions, physiological responses, behavior and performance of cattle. The results of THI showed that cattle was on medium heat stress during transportation and mild heat stress during recovery time. Physiological response and body weight loss of Ongole grade and Local Crossbreed Cattle were similar. The dominant behavior during loading and unloading process was slips, which were 30,8% and 32,7% respectively. Average body weight loss of Ongole grade and local crosbreed were 7,0±6,8 kg (2,5%) and 9,3±5,3 kg (3,1%). Furthermore, length of recovery time of Ongole and Local Crosbreed Cattle was similar for ten days.
Keyword: respon fisiologis, sapi peranakan ongole, sapi silangan lokal, tingkah laku, transportasi

Judul: Physiological Response of Bali Cattle and Bali Angus Cross Cattle during Long Distance Transport
Abstrak: Selama penanganan dan transportasi, ternak sapi mengalami berbagai keadaan yang berpotensi menyebabkan stres seperti dingin, panas, buruknya kualitas udara, kebisingan, dan getaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi respon fisiologis sapi bali dan silangan bali angus pada proses transportasi jarak jauh. Penelitian ini menggunakan sapi bali dan sapi silangan bali angus masing-masing sebanyak 5 ekor berjenis kelamin jantan umur I0 sampai I3. Bobot hidup rataan sapi bali sebesar 214,7 ± 24,9 kg dan silangan bali angus sebesar 301,6 ± 67,7 kg. Peubah yang diamati meliputi, suhu lingkungan, kelembaban, dan Temperature Humidity Index (THI), penyusutan bobot hidup, suhu permukaan tubuh, dan respon fisiologis. Respon fisiologis yang diamati yaitu suhu rektal, denyut jantung, dan frekuensi nafas. Rataan suhu dan kelembaban lingkungan selama proses transportasi yaitu 29,5 oC dan 84,3%. Selanjutnya skor THI pada lingkungan penelitian menunjukkan ternak dalam kondisi stres ringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada parameter denyut jantung dan suhu rektal pada kedua bangsa setelah perjalanan (P<0,05). Rata-rata denyut jantung sapi bali dan sapi silangan bali angus sebesar 56,8 ± 3,3 dan 50 ± 18,4. Suhu rektal sapi bali 37,9 ± 0,4 dan sapi silangan bali angus 37,9 ± 0,23. Pengukuran frekuensi pernafasan pada kedua bangsa tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan setelah perjalanan dengan rataan frekuensi pernafasan sapi bali dan sapi silangan bali angus berturut-turut sebesar 18 ± 3,6 dan 25,4 ± 14,9. Rata-rata penyusutan bobot badan sapi bali dan silangan bali angus yaitu sebesar sebesar 7,08%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sapi bali dan sapi silangan bali angus pada proses transportasi mengalami kondisi stres ringan, During handling and transportation, cattle are subjected to various potentially stressful conditions such as cold, heat, poor air quality, noise, and vibration. This study aims to evaluate the physiological response of bali cattle and bali angus crosses in the long-distance transportation process. This study used bali cattle and bali angus cross cattle each as many as 5 male sexes aged I0 to I3. The average live weight of bali cattle was 214,7 ± 24,9 kg and bali angus crosses were 301,6 ± 67,7 kg. The observed variables included ambient temperature, humidity, and Temperature Humidity Index (THI), live weight loss, body surface temperature, and physiological responses. The physiological responses observed were rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate. The average temperature and humidity of the environment during the transportation process were 29,5 oC and 84,3%. Furthermore, the THI score in the research environment showed that the cattle were under mild stress conditions. The results showed that there were significant differences in heart rate and rectal temperature parameters between the two nations after the trip (P<0,05). The average heart rate of bali cattle and bali angus crosses was 56,8 ± 3,3 and 50 ± 18,4. The rectal temperature of bali cattle was 37,9 ± 0,4 and bali angus crosses were 37,9 ± 0,23. The measurement of respiratory frequency in the two breeds did not show any difference after the trip with the average respiratory frequency of bali cattle and bali angus crossbreeds of 18 ± 3,6 and 25,4 ± 14,9, respectively. The average weight loss of bali cattle and bali
Keyword: Bali angus cross, Bali cattle, Physiology response, transportation

Judul: Peluang Partikel Plasma Berada Pada Dimensi Debye Akibat Gangguan Gelombang Elektromagnetik dengan Menggunakan Persamaan Schrödinger
Abstrak: The solution of Schrodinger equations with plasma Coulomb potential in spherical coordinat results solution wave function and energy plasma particle. Electron probability density at Debye length with thermal effect same as ion, which indicates plasma in neutral state. Electromagnetic waves perturbation of an electric field given to result wave function perturbation system. The probability density of plasma particle due to electromagnetic waves perturbation is the largest when an electromagnetic waves frequency 1.41 times the plasma frequency .
Keyword: Schrödinger, plasma, electromagnetic wave