Judul: Rancang Bangun Prototipe Robot Ikan Biomimetik Aspek: Gerak Sirip Ekor
Abstrak: Biomimetic fish robot has been explored and developed worldwide for several purpose, including marine surveillance and monitoring. A Carangiform fish robot mimicking Caranx ignobilis, named CI-G3, was constructed and it’s caudal fin movement was analyzed in this study. Fish robot CI-G3 had a dimension of 45 cm length, 10 cm width, and 18 cm height. Materials used were three servos for actuator, one Arduino UNO R3 for microcontroller kit, three infrared sensors and photodiodes, and one DC motor. CI-G3 had three joints and links, wich was ideal to mimic natural maneuver of Carangiform’s body caudal fin movement. During maneuvering, joint 1 of CI-G3 fish robot flexed at 30° that followed by joint 2 at 40° and joint 3 at 45°. Weight force of 1,5 N in posterior and buoyancy forces of 1,54 N in anterior part of the fish robot CI-G3 was required to position CI-G3 at natural buoyancy. Center of Gravity was created by 20 grams load and one DC motor. It used to adjust buoyancy of CI-G3 to change the position into a neutral, dive, and resurface position. Center of Gravity’s DC motor was needed 0,2 seconds to move the load into an angle of 90° to the vertical line. Caudal fin motion analysis showed that we need = 0,89, = -0,19 and = 0,56 Hz to make natural motion. CI-G3 fish robot was needed 1,8 seconds to make one wave undulation.
Keyword: fish robot., caudal fin motion, biomimetic

Judul: Sistem Cerdas Pengoperasian Bagan Tancap Menggunakan Mikrokontroler
Abstrak: Bagan tancap merupakan alat tangkap yang dioperasikan manual menggunakan tenaga manusia. Kecepatan penarikan jaring tergantung dengan stamina nelayan yang mengoperasikan bagan tersebut. Selain itu, pengoperasian manual akan terjadi hentakan saat penarikan jaring akibat ritme penarikan yang tidak seragam, sehingga diduga ikan akan terusik. Pengoperasian menggunakan sistem cerdas bagan tancap berjalan dengan sendirinya sehingga efisien dan efektif terhadap tenaga dan waktu yang dikeluarkan. Proses penarikan jaring juga akan stabil dan konstan karena menggunakan motor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan dan membangun sistem cerdas pengoperasian bagan tancap menggunakan mikrokontroler, membuat miniatur sistem cerdas bagan tancap dengan mikrokontroler Arduino Uno pada skala laboratorium dan rancangan sistem operasi bagan tancap sesungguhnya. Metode yang digunakan adalah rancang bagun prototype. Proses penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan miniatur bagan tancap menggunakan skala laboratorium yang dioperasikan dengan sistem cerdas, selanjutnya menyusun skema pengoperasian bagan tancap menggunakan sistem cerdas pada bagan tancap dengan skala aslinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pengoperasian menggunakan sistem cerdas bagan tancap berjalan dengan sendirinya, perakitan perangkat keras elektronik meliputi gabungan komponen yang digunakan dan pembuatan perangkat keras non elektronik merupakan proses pembuatan miniatur. Bagan tancap skala aslinya menggunakan komponen-komponen tambahan. Kapasitas diesel dapat menyesuaikan kebutuhan pengoperasian bagan tancap. Fish pump dapat digunakan sebagai pengangkatan full sistem cerdas., A stationary liftnet is fishing equipment operated manually with human force. The rate at which the net is hauled is decided by the force of fishers working the stationary liftnet. Furthermore, due to a non-uniform pulling rhythm, manual operation will cause a jolt while pulling the net, causing the fish to be disturbed. Operations utilizing an intelligent system of stationary liftnet run autonomously, making them efficient and successful in terms of energy and time invested. The net pulling process will also be stable and constant using a motor. This research aims to describe and build an intelligent stationary liftnet operation system using a microcontroller, build a small stationary liftnet intelligent system on a laboratory scale using an Arduino Uno microcontroller, and design an entire stationary liftnet operating system. The method used is prototype design. The study procedure begins with creating a small stationary liftnet on a laboratory scale controlled by an intelligent system, followed by the compilation of a stationary liftnet operation on a stationary liftnet with the original scale. The study's findings indicate that the operation employing the stationary liftnet intelligent system performs autonomously. Electronic hardware assembly comprises the combination of components, whereas non-electronic hardware is a manufacturing process. The original stationary liftnet has extra components. The diesel capacity can be matched to the operational requirements of the stationary liftnet. The fish pump may be employed as a complete intelligent lifting system.
Keyword: arduino uno, stationary liftnet, microcontroller, stationary liftnet prototype, intelligent system

Judul: Lejeuneaceae Subfamily Ptychanthoideae (Hepaticae) in  West Java
Abstrak: Subfamily Ptychanthoideae of the family Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) in West Java is still poorly known. Publications on this subfamily are out of dated and written in the 19th or early of 20th century. The last taxonomic treatment of Ptychanthoideae of West Java was in 1933, many species names have changed since then. Studies on Ptychanthoideae of West Java are urgently needed. Studies on the Ptychanthoideae were based on the specimens collected from West Java. A total number of 361 of specimens deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), Herbarium Biotrop (BIOT), Gottingen Herbarium (GOET) and Bangi Herbarium (UKMB) were examined, those are old and several recent specimens collected in West Java. Recent collections were made from Telaga Warna, Ciater, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Cibodas Botanical Garden, Bodogol Education Center and Conservation (Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park), University of Indonesia Campus Depok, including several collections from Banten Province. Twenty four species of Lejeuneaceae subfamily Ptychanthoideae are known from West Java, belonging to 8 genera namely Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (2 species), Archilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (1 species), Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (10 species), Mastigolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (3 species), Ptychanthus Nees (1 species), Schiffneriolejeunea Verd. (1 species), Spruceanthus Verd. (2 species) and Thysananthus Lindenb. (4 species). Two new records of Ptychanthoideae: Mastigolejeunea indica Steph. and Thysananthus minor Verdoorn are reported for Java. A determination key to the species is presented including their descriptions and illustrations.
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