Judul: Peningkatan Fermentabilitas Daun Akasia (Acacia villosa dan Acacia angustissiina) dengan Penambahan Polyethylen glycol (PEG)
Abstrak: Pemberian legum akasia sebagai pakan belum optimal karena adanya kandungan anti nutrisi, salah satunya adalah tanin. Pakan tidak palatabel dan konsumsi ransum menurun merupakm akibat dari anti nutrisi tanin akasia. Salah satu metoda yang digunakan untuk mengatasi efek negatif dari tanin adalah dengan menambahkan Polyethylen glycol (PEG) yang dapat berikatan dengan tanin. Dengan penambahan PEG diharapkan konsumsi dan kecemaan daun akasia dapat meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui level terbaik dari PEG yang dapat meningkatkan fermentabilitas dan kecernaan in vifro A. villosa dan A. nngzrstissimn. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama lima bulan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Perah dan Laboratori~im Biokimia. Fisiologi dan Mikrobiologi Nutrisi, Fakultas Peternakan, IPB.
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Judul: Evaluation of Acacia Tannin Extract Addition to Silage on Nutrient Content and Fermentative Characteristics of Silage
Abstrak: Silase dari hijauan tinggi protein memiliki kelemahan yaitu terjadinya deaminasi asam amino yang menghasilkan amonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan ekstrak tanin dari kulit kayu dan daun akasia sebagai aditif silase. Penelitian int menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial yang terdiri atas 3 faktor (2 x 3 x 4) dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor A adalah penambahan inokulum bakteri asam laktat (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum); faktor B adalah sumber ekstrak tanin dari kulit kayu dan daun Acacia mangium; dan faktor C adalah jenis hijauan (Pennisetum purpureum, Indigofera zollingeriana, Gliricidia sepium, dan Stylosanthes guianensis). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan apabila berbeda nyata diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Duncan. Parameter yang diamati, yaitu kualitas fisik, kandungan nutrien, pH, kandungan asam laktat, dan N-NH3 silase. Penambahan inokulum bakteri asam laktat berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kualitas, total asam laktat, dan konsentrasi N-NH3 silase. Pengaruh jenis tanin daun akasia menunjukkan hasil terbaik pada silase indigofera terhadap kualitas fisik, kandungan nutrien silase, dan asam laktat, namun belum optimal menurunkan konsentrasi N-NH3 silase. Kombinasi penambahan inokulum BAL dan jenis tanin daun akasia pada silase indigofera memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap kualitas fisik, kandungan nutrien, nilai pH, dan kandungan asam laktat silase., Silage from high-protein forage has the disadvantage of deaminating amino acids, which produces ammonia. This research aims to evaluate the use of tannin extract from acacia bark and leaves as a silage additive. This research used a factorial completely randomized plan consisting of 3 factors (2×3×4) with 5 replications. Factor A is the addition of lactic acid bacteria (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum) inoculum; factor B is a source of tannin extract from the bark and leaves of Acacia mangium; and factor C is the type of forage (Pennisetum purpureum, Indigofera zollingeriana, Gliricidia sepium, and Stylosanthes guianensis). Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and if significantly different were tested further using Duncan's test. The parameters analyzed were physical quality, nutrient content, pH, total lactic acid, and N-NH3 concentration of the silage. The addition of lactic acid bacteria inoculum had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the quality, total lactic acid, and N-NH3 concentration of the silage. The impact of the type of acacia leaf tannin showed the best results in Indigofera silage on physical quality, silage nutritional content, and total lactic acid, but did not optimally reduce the N-NH3 concentration of silase. The combination of adding LAB inoculum and acacia leaf tannins to Indigofera silage gave the best results on the physical quality, nutritional content, pH value, and lactic acid content of the silage.
Keyword: akasia, tanin, amonia, silase

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite