Judul: Analisis hasil tangkapan jaring insang menggunakan ukuran mata jaring dan shortening yang berbeda di Perairan Tual
Abstrak: Shortening and mesh size effectiveness of gillnet was not known yet in Tual waters. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectivity of gillnet based on different shortening and mesh size and to estimate the catch diversity indeks of each mesh size. The study was conducted from April 6th - May 15th of 2011 in Tual waters. There were two phases in the study, i.e. gillnet construction and fishing experiment. Results showed that gillnet with mesh size of 2.25” and shortening of 50% catched the most number of fish (74). It was followed by gillnet of 2.50”-50% (59), 2.50”-55% (31), 2.25”-55% (24), 2.25”-45% (19), 2.50”-45% (15), 3.00”-50% (15) and 3.00”-55% (6). The Shannon indeks rate of gillnet with mesh size of 2.25” was 1.8, 2.50” (1.9) and 3.00” (1.1). While the Sympson indeks rate of gillnet with mesh size of 2,25” was 0.2, 2.50” (0.3) and 3.00” (0.4).
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Judul: The Effect of Different in Twine Thickness of Gillnet on Size Selectivity and Catching Mechanism of Tilapia
Abstrak: Ketebalan benang jaring insang diketahui menjadi salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi selektivitas. Informasi mengenai pengaruh perbedaan ketebalan benang jaring insang terhadap performa selektivitas ukuran dan tingkah laku ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) pada proses penangkapan masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung pengaruh perbedaan ketebalan benang jaring terhadap performa selektivitas ukuran ikan nila serta mendeskripsikan proses tertangkap dan mekanisme pelolosan ikan nila melalui mata jaring insang berdasarkan kajian tingkah laku ikan. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui serangkaian penangkapan eksperimental. Uji Kolmogorov-smirnov digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikansi antara dua distribusi ukuran panjang ikan nila yang tertangkap berdasarkan ketebalan benang jaring insang. Data diolah menggunakan model log-normal dengan metode maximum likelihood melalui fasilitas SOLVER pada software MS-Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 70 ekor (55,24%) ikan nila tertangkap pada mata jaring dengan ketebalan benang 0,15 mm dan 64 ekor (47,76%) ikan nila tertangkap pada mata jaring dengan ketebalan benang 0,28 mm. Distribusi ukuran panjang total ikan nila yang tertangkap pada kedua ketebalan benang jaring, tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Meskipun demikian, mata jaring dengan ketebalan 0,15 mm sedikit lebih selektif dari mata jaring 0,28 mm, ditunjukkan dengan tingkat efisiensi penangkapan dan peluang tertangkapnya ikan nila yang lebih tinggi. Mekanisme tertangkap dan pelolosan terjadi ketika ikan nila berhadapan dengan jaring., The twine thickness of the gillnets is one factor that affects selectivity. Information regarding the effect of differences in the twine thickness of gillnet on size selectivity performance and behavior of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in the fishing process is still a little. This study aims to calculate the effect of differences in the twine thickness on the performance of tilapia size selectivity and to describe the catching process and the captured mechanism of tilapia in gillnets based on the fish behavior observation. Data collection was carried out by experimental fishing. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to determine the level of significance between the two length size distributions of tilapia caught based on the twine thickness of the net. The data was analyzed using a log-normal model with maximum likelihood method through the SOLVER facility on MS-Excel software. The results showed as many as 70 (52.24%) tilapia were caught in a 0.15 mm net twine thickness and 64 (47.76%) tilapia were caught in a 0.28 mm net twine thickness. The size distribution of the total length of tilapia caught in the two net twines was not significantly different (P>0.05). The 0.15 mm net twines were slightly more selective than the 0.28 mm net twines, showing a higher fishing efficiency and catching efficiency. The captured mechanism and escaping behavior occurred when tilapia faced the net.
Keyword: Ikan Nila/Tilapia, Ketebalan Benang/Twine Thickness, Log-normal/Log-normal, Mata Jaring Insang/Gillnet, Selektivitas Ukuran/Size Selectivity

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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