Judul: .IDENTIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF VIBRIO PARAHAEMOLYTICUS BACTERIA IN FISHERY PRODUCTS. SUPERVISED
Abstrak: Vibrio merupakan genus bakteri gram negatif, sel tunggal berbentuk batang pendek yang bengkok, berukuran panjang 1,4-5,0 µm dan lebar 0,3-1,3 µm, bersifat motil dan mempunyai flagel polar dan secara khas ditemukan pada air laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi kandungan bakteri V. parahaemolyticus pada produk perikanan. Metode uji yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa metode yaitu, uji agar selektif yang mendapatkan hasil empat sampel negatif dan 16 sampel positif terdeteksi Vibrio. Hasil uji ketahanan suhu dan ketahanan garam mendapatkan hasil dua negatif dan 14 hasil positif. Hasil uji oksidasi mendapatkan hasil empat hasil negtif dan 10 hasil positif. Hasil uji API 20E terdeteksi 6 isolat yang mengandung V. parahaemolyticus dan delapan isolat tidak terdeteksi mengandung V. parahaemolyticus. Hasil uji cepat menunjukkan isolat yang teridentifikasi bakteri V. parahaeolyticus adalah SCU, SCC, SLKD, SLB, SRBL dan SRU isolat yang tidak teridentifikasi bakteri yaitu SCKB, SCB, SLU, SBB, SBKTG, SBU, SRBLA dan SRKD., Vibrio is a genus of gram-negative bacteria, single-cell bent short rods, measuring 1.4 - 5.0 µm in length and 0.3 - 1.3 µm in width, are motile and have polar flagella and are typically found in seawater. This study aims to isolate and identify the content of V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in fishery products. The test method used in this study uses several rapid test methods, including the test to be selective to get four negative samples and 16 positive samples detected by vibrio. The test results of temperature resistance and salt resistance get two negative results and 14 positive results. The results of the oxidation test got four negative results and 10 positive results. API 20E test results detected 6 isolates containing V. parahaemolyticus and eight isolates were not detected containing V. parahaemolyticus. Rapid test results showed the isolates identified by the Vibrio parahaeolyticus bacteria were SCU, SCC, SLKD, SLB, SRBL and SRU isolates that were not identified by bacteria, namely SCKB, SCB, SLU, SBB, SBKTG, SBU, SRBLA and SRKD
Keyword: API 20E, fish, shrimp, squid, Vibrio parahaemolyticus

Judul: Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shrimp Culture
Abstrak: Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a halophilic bacterium found in brackish water and is the leading cause of gastroenteritis due to seafood consumption. In Indonesia presence of this pathogen in seafood has caused several export rejection. This research aimed to identify presence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shrimp cultured in traditional and intensive ponds. Bacterial isolation was carried out using FDA BAM (2004), phenotypic characterization was done using API 20E biochemical test kit and genetic characterization was conducted with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using a pair of specific primer for each virulent factor gene (tdh and trh genes). Biochemical identification with API 20E biochemical test showed that 16/32(50%) and 6/32 (18.8%) shrimp samples from traditional and intensive ponds contained Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. Eighty one percent (13/16) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from traditional pond and 50% (3/6) of those obtained from intensive pond were pathogenic due to their possesion of tdh gene. When gen encoding trh was used as the basis for classification, 15/16 (93.8%) and 4/6 ( 66.7%) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus obtained from traditional and intensive ponds, respectively, were pathogenic . Out of the 22 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, 16 (72.7%) were pathogenic based on the possesion of gene encoding for tdh and 19 (86.4%) can be classified as pathogen based on the trh gene. Overall, pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found at a frequency of 13-15/32 (43%) of the shrimp samples from traditional pond while 3-4/32 (11%) was found in shrimps from intensive pond, respectively
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Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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