Judul: The Effectiveness of Addition of  Vitamin C with Different Doses as an Antioxidant in Sperm  Cryopreservation of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus).
Abstrak: Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dalam pembenihan ikan lele adalah siklus reproduksi yang tidak terjadi sepanjang tahun sehingga ketersediaan induk jantan yang matang gonad menjadi langka. Pada metode pemijahan buatan, induk jantan harus dikorbankan saat proses koleksi sperma karena tidak bisa dilakukan stripping, namun jumlah sperma yang dihasilkan cukup banyak. Metode kriopreservasi dapat menjadi alternatif agar sperma yang telah dikoleksi melalui pembedahan dapat disimpan dalam waktu yang lama dan digunakan saat dibutuhkan. Kriopreservasi memiliki efek negatif karena adanya pengaruh dari reactive oxygen species (ROS) yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas spermatozoa. Alternatif yang dapat dilakukan yaitu menggunakan antioksidan berupa vitamin C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan vitamin C dengan dosis berbeda dalam krioprotektan terhadap performa sperma ikan lele pada proses reproduksi setelah kriopreservasi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu kontrol (sperma segar), DMSO 10%, DC 1 (vitamin C dosis 1 mg/mL), DC 2,5 (vitamin C dosis 2,5 mg/mL), dan DC 4 (vitamin C dosis 4 mg/mL). Kriopreservasi sperma dilakukan selama satu jam. Hasil menunjukkan motilitas, viabilitas, dan derajat pembuahan telur pada perlakuan vitamin C lebih rendah (P<0,05) dari kontrol. Derajat penetasan telur perlakuan kontrol dan DC 1 tidak berbeda nyata dan perlakuan DC 4 menghasilkan nilai terendah., One of the problems encountered in catfish hatchery is the reproductive cycle which does not occur throughout the year so that the availability of mature male gonad broodstock is scarce. In the artificial spawning method, the male parent must be sacrificed during the sperm collection process because stripping cannot be done, even though the amount of sperm produced is quite a lot. The cryopreservation method can be an alternative so that sperm that has been collected through surgery can be stored for a long time and used when needed. Cryopreservation has a negative effect due to the influence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which causes a decrease in the quality of spermatozoa. An alternative that can be done is to use antioxidants in the form of vitamin C. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding vitamin C with different doses in cryoprotectants on the performance of catfish sperm in the reproductive process after cryopreservation. This study consisted of five treatments and three replications namely control (fresh sperm), 10% DMSO, DC 1 (vitamin C dose of 1 mg/mL), DC 2,5 (vitamin C dose of 2,5 mg/mL), and DC 4 (vitamin C dose of 4 mg/mL). Sperm cryopreservation was carried out for one hour. The results showed motility, viability, and egg fertilization rate in the vitamin C treatment were lower (P<0,05) than the control. The hatching rate of the control and DC 1 treatment was not significantly different and the DC 4 treatment was the lowest value.
Keyword: Cryopreservation, fertility, motility, viability, vitamin C

Judul: The Effect of Vitamin E Addition on Sperm Performance of Catfish (Clarias gariepenus) Post Cryopreservation
Abstrak: Kriopreservasi merupakan metode penyimpanan spermatozoa dengan bantuan pengencer dan krioprotektan dalam keadaan beku untuk mempertahankan kualitas spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas penambahan vitamin E pada sperma ikan lele (Clarias gariepenus) terhadap kualitas sperma pascakriopreservasi. Ikan uji yaitu ikan lele yang telah matang gonad dan disuntik hormon ovaprim untuk pematangan akhir. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yaitu, kontrol (sperma segar), DMSO 10%, DE 1 (vitamin E 2 mg/mL), DE 2 (vitamin E 4 mg/mL), DE 3 (vitamin E 6 mg/mL). Parameter yang diamati meliputi motilitas sperma, viabilitas sperma, derajat pembuahan telur dan derajat penetasan telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai motilitas, viabilitas dan derajat pembuahan telur pada perlakuan penambahan vitamin E lebih rendah (P<0,05) dari DMSO 10%. Nilai derajat penetasan telur tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan., Cryopreservation is a method of storing spermatozoa with the help of extenders and cryoprotectants in a frozen state to maintain the quality of spermatozoa. This study aims to test the effectiveness of adding vitamin E to the sperm of catfish (Clarias gariepenus) to see the quality of sperm after cryopreservation. The test fish was catfish that had mature gonads and were injected with the hormone ovaprim for final maturation. This study used five treatments with three replications namely, control, DMSO 10%, DE1, DE2, DE3. Parameters observed included sperm motility, sperm viability, degree of egg fertilization, and egg hatching rate. This study used five treatments with three replications, namely, control (fresh sperm), 10% DMSO, DE 1 (vitamin E 2 mg/mL), DE 2 (vitamin E 4 mg/mL), and DE 3 (vitamin E 6 mg/mL). mL). Parameters observed included sperm motility, sperm viability, degree of egg fertilization, and egg hatching rate. The results showed that the values of motility, viability, and degree of fertilization of eggs in the treatment with the addition of vitamin E were lower (P<0.05) than 10% DMSO. The value of the degree of egg hatching was not significantly different between treatments.
Keyword: catfish (Clarias gariepenus), cryopreservation, fish sperm, vitamin E

Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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