Judul: Transformasi Genetik Nicotiana benthamiana dengan Gen Pembungaan Hd3a dari Padi
Abstrak: Flowering is one of the fundamental events in the life cycle of many higher plants and is a very important trait for determining the ability of a species to adapt to various environmental conditions. Hd3a gene is one gene that is associated with the flowering time in rice. Overexpression of Hd3a caused early flowering in rice. This research had an objective to transform genetically Nicotiana benthamiana by Hd3a gene from rice. Genetic transformation was carried out by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by co-cultivation method. Putative transgenic shoots were selected by using 30 mg/l hygromycin. The results showed that genetic transformation of N. benthamiana resulted the putative transgenic shoots with high eficiency i.e 86%. Molecular analysis by PCR of putative transgenic plants showed that these plants contained hpt genes responsible for plant resistance to hygromycin. The presence of the hpt gene in the genome of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana also indicated the presence of Hd3a flowering gene. The shoot of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana containing Hd3a gene had flower very early, so the Hd3a gene has a role in triggering flowering.
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Judul: Transformasi genetik Nicotiana benthamiana L. dan kedelai dengan gen MaMt2 penyandi metallothionein tipe II dari Melastoma malabathricum L.
Abstrak: The low pH and high concentration of aluminum (Al) are major limiting factors for crops production. The capability of crops to cope those stresses can be improved by expressing genes controlling adaptation to low pH and high concentration of Al. One of these genes was MaMt2 encoding for metallothionein type II which isolated from Melastoma malabathricum. The objectives of the research were 1) to construct overexpression vector of MaMt2 gene with pIG6 plasmid, 2) to transform Nicotiana benthamiana and soybean with MaMt2 gene, and to analyze the transgenic plants. The MaMt2 gene were successfully fused with the strong promoter pUbiquitin in the pIG6 plasmid, and the recombinant plasmid was introduced into Escherichia coli DH5α by electroporation method. The pIG6-MaMt2 recombinant vector was successfully introduced into A. tumefaciens LBA4404 by triparental mating method (TPM). Genetic transformation was performed by co-cultivating A. tumefaciens LBA4404-pIG6-MaMt2 with N. benthamiana leaf explants and half seed explants of soybean cv. Lumut. The T0 and T1 generations of transgenic plants were already obtained. The integration of MaMt2 transgene into the genom of T0 transgenic plants was confirmed by PCR. Segregation analysis in the T1 generation of N. benthamiana showed that hpt gene was inherited to the offspring in Mendelian pattern and all samples of transgenic plants were heterozygote containing one functional hpt gene. Transformation of cv. Lumut half seed explants with MaMt2 gene was succesful, based on PCR by UbiF and NosTR primer combination. PCR analysis of T1 generation of transgenic soybean showed that MaMt2 gene was transmitted into the offspring indicating that this transgene is integrated in the genome of transgenic soybean plants.
Keyword: transformasi, gen MaMt2, metallothionein, Nicotiana bentha-miana, kedelai

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology