Judul: Ketahanan klon kentang liar (Solanum chacoense) terhadap penyakit layu bakteri (Ralstonia solanacearum) secara in vitro dan di lapangan
Abstrak: Potato is one of the world most important crops after rice, wheat, and maize. One of the major constraints to potato production is yield losses due to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). Planting resistant potato cultivars is an effective measure to control the disease, but resistant potato cultivars are lacking. Genetic resistance to bacterial wilt were found in wild potato species, such as Solanum chacoense. A research was carried out from January to September 2007 with objectives: (1) to find clones of wild potato Solanum chacoense that are resistant to the bacterial wilt, both in vitro and in the field; (2) to obtain an effective inoculation in vitro technique for evaluation of resistance to the disease, and (3) to identify an in vitro technique that give comparable results to that from the field trial. The research activities consisted of an in vitro trial and a field trial. Nineteen S. chacoense clones were evaluated for their resistance to bacterial wilt, and one susceptible potato cultivar Atlantic was used as a susceptible check. In the in vitro trial, two inoculation techniques were evaluated, i. e., the flooding and the leaf clipping techniques. The trial was arranged in a Factorial Experiment using a Completely Randomized Design with three replications. In the field trial, which was carried out in Pasir Sarongge, Cianjur, West Java (+1100 m above sea level), a Randomized Block Design with five replications was used to evaluate resistances of the potato clones. The trial was carried out in a homogenous heavily infested soil. Results of the trials showed that resistances of the 19 S. chacoense clones varied. These were indicated by the incubation period and incidence of the disease of each clones. Two of the clones (Pi230580 no. 01 and 03) were resistant to the disease both in vitro and in the field. Another clone (Pi230580 no. 04) was found resistant to the disease in the evaluation using the flooding technique. Among the clones in the field trial, four clones were moderately resistant, 6 clones were moderately susceptible, and 7 clones were susceptible. Both the flooding and leaf clipping techniques were effective for in vitro evaluation of the potato clones for resistance to the bacterial wilt, and the results was comparable to that from the field trial. The leaf clipping technique is preferably chosen for the in vitro evaluation of potato clones for resistance to bacterial wilt, since it showed results comparable to that of the field trial. Besides, comparing to the flooding technique, the leaf clipping technique was more effective in inoculum spreading and more efficient in time and number of inoculum used.
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Judul: Resistance Analysis of Transgenic Potato cv. IPB CP3  Containing LYZ-C Against Soft Rot Disease
Abstrak: Kentang kultivar IPB CP3 transgenik yang membawa gen LYZ-C telah dirakit dan lebih resisten terhadap penyakit layu bakteri yang disebabkan bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum. Selain penyakit layu bakteri, produksi kentang paling banyak dihambat oleh penyakit busuk lunak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis resistensi tanaman kentang kultivar IPB CP3 transgenik terhadap penyakit busuk lunak secara in vitro. Isolat bakteri diisolasi dari wortel yang menunjukkan gejala penyakit busuk lunak. Analisis resistensi bakteri dilakukan pada 3 klon tanaman transgenik yang memiliki pertumbuhan paling baik di media seleksi yang mengandung 30 mg/L higromisin. Tanaman ditumbuhkan di dalam botol yang mengandung 40 mL vermikulit dan 30 mL media MS, kemudian diinokulasi bakteri. Klon CP3lyz2 memiliki tingkat sensitivitas paling rendah terhadap bakteri saat 28 HSI. Bakteri diisolasi dari tanaman uji dan diidentifikasi secara molekuler dengan sekuensing gen 16s rRNA. Hasil identifikasi bakteri adalah Pseudomonas palleroniana, yang merupakan bakteri penyebab busuk lunak pada kentang yang baru pertama kali dilaporkan di Indonesia., The transgenic potato cv. IPB CP3 containing the LYZ-C gene was constructed and proven to be more resistant to bacterial wilt disease caused by Ralstonia solanacearum. Apart from bacterial wilt disease, potato production is mostly inhibited by soft rot disease. This study aims to analyze the resistance of transgenic potato cv. IPB CP3 to soft rot disease in vitro. Bacteria used in the research were isolated from carrot plants showing symptoms of soft rot disease. Analysis of resistance to bacteria was carried out on 3 clones of transgenic plants that showed the best growth in selection media with 30 mg/L hygromycin. Plants were grown in bottles containing 40 mL of vermiculite and 30 mL of MS medium, and then inoculated with bacteria. Clone CP3lyz2 had the least sensitivity level against bacteria at 28 DAI. Bacteria were then isolated from tested plants and identified molecularly using 16s rRNA gene sequence. The identification result showed that the bacterium was Pseudomonas palleroniana, which is the first reported causative agent of soft rot disease related to potato in Indonesia.
Keyword: busuk lunak, in vitro, kentang kultivar IPB CP3, LYZ-C, tanaman transgenik

Judul: The impact and contribution of the tourism sector to the Indonesian economy : an I-O and SAM approach
Abstrak: Tourism is an important and strategic sector for the Indonesian economy. The sector has been growing for the last two decades to enhance its contribution to the GDP, employment, regional, local economy, and to strengthen the balance of payment. In particular, a planned economy was introduced to provide substantial opportunities to utilize tourism as a mechanism for national development. As a service-based sector, tourism as also considered to be a vehicle of converting the manufacturing economy to a service economy which makes the delivery of the product rather than the creation of the product the most important thing.
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