Judul: Pengaruh Sektor Industri Manufaktur Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan Tingkat Provinsi di Indonesia
Abstrak: Pembangunan ekonomi merupakan proses yang dilakukan suatu negara untuk mencapai kesejahteraan masyarakat. Pada proses pembangunan ekonomi di Indonesia terjadi perubahan struktur ekonomi di mana sektor industri manufaktur menjadi sektor penyumbang PDB Indonesia terbesar. Namun, dalam proses pembangunan ekonomi juga terdapat permasalahan ketimpangan pendapatan tingkat provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sektor industri manufaktur dan faktor-faktor lainnya terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan tingkat provinsi di Indonesia dalam periode 2017-2021. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel dengan menggunakan Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa PDRB sektor industri manufaktur, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM), dan Indeks Pembangunan TIK (IP-TIK) berpengaruh negatif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Variabel jumlah penduduk berpengaruh positif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan, sedangkan Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan tingkat provinsi di Indonesia., Economic development is a process carried out by a country to achieve social welfare. In the process of economic development in Indonesia, there has been a change in the economic structure where the manufacturing sector has become one of the leading sectors contributing to Indonesia's GDP. However, in the process of economic development, there are problems with income inequality between regions in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the impact of the manufacturing sector and other factors on provincial level income inequality in Indonesia during the period 2017–2021. The method of this research was panel data regression using the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results indicate that the share of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) from the manufacturing sector, the Human Development Index (HDI), and the ICT Development Index have a significant negative effect on income inequality in Indonesia. The population has a significant positive effect on income inequality. On the other hand, the number of Foreign Direct investments (FDI) has no significant effect on income inequality in Indonesia.
Keyword: manufacturing sector, panel data, provincial level of income  inequality

Judul: The Effect of Factors of Production on  Production of Large and Medium Manufacturing Industries in Indonesia
Abstrak: Industri manufaktur menjadi sektor andalan yang dapat mengakselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Sektor industri manufaktur merupakan kontributor terbesar PDB nasional. Hingga tahun 2019, industri manufaktur mampu memberikan kontribusi terhadap PDB nasional sebesar 19,7 persen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor produksi terhadap produksi industri manufaktur besar dan sedang Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi data panel dengan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh faktor produksi terhadap produksi industri manufaktur pada tahun 2010 – 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja industri besar dan sedang Indonesia cukup baik terlihat dari produksi industri pada seluruh sub sektor industri mengalami peningkatan pada tahun 2019 dibandingkan dengan tahun 2011, kecuali pada industri karet. Variabel tenaga kerja, bahan baku, dan proporsi PMDN berpengaruh secara positif terhadap produksi industri manufaktur. Sementara, energi dan kapital tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi industri manufaktur., Manufacturing is a leading sector capable of accelerating domestic economic growth. The manufacturing sector contributes most to domestic GDP. In 2019, the manufacturing sector had been able to contribute 19.7 percent of national GDP. This study aims to analyze the effect of factors of production on the production of Indonesia's large and medium-sized manufacturing industries. The analysis method used was descriptive analysis and regression analysis of panel data with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) to identify the effect of factors of production on manufacturing industry production in 2010 – 2019. The results showed that Indonesia's large and medium-sized industrial performance is quite good as seen from industrial production in all industrial sub-sectors increased in 2019 compared to 2011, except in the rubber industry. Labor variables, raw materials, and proportions of PMDN positively affect the production of manufacturing industries. Meanwhile, energy and capital have no effect on the production of manufacturing industries.
Keyword: factors of production, manufacturing industries, panel data, production

Judul: Biology Of Columbia Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus Columbus Sher) On Soybean Excised Root Culture
Abstrak: S. Supramana, S. A. Lewis,.J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2001. Biology of Columbia lance nematod. ~ (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher) on soybean excised root culture. Nematropica 31 :283-2~)O. Feeding, egg development and oviposition, embryology, and postembtyonic development or Hoplolaimus col'lmbuswere observed on soybean (cultivar Hutcheson) excised root culture in Gam borg's B5 medium (pH 5.7,1.3% agar). Petri plate sterile cultures were placed inverted on a heated microscope stage (30°C) and observations were conducted using a color video camera and a time lapse digital videoca:;sette recorder. Oocytes were obsetved in each gonad 38 hours after feeding commenced and all egg possessing a terminal stalk was laid 96 hours later. Eggs were deposited it, the one-celled stag~ and a total of 217 hours (9 days) was required for a"newly laid egg to develop into a hatching second-stage juvenile at 30°C. Postembryonic development consisted of threejuvenile stages and an adult female with prior feeding occurring before molts and oviposition. The nematode fed ectoparasiticallyon the subepidermal cells and endoparasitically in the cortex and outer vascular tissue and remained at the infection site for 2·9 days. Key words: Columbia lance nematode, embryology, excised root culture, feeding behavior, HOfilo{aimus columbus, life cycle, oviposition, postembryonic development, soybean.
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