Judul: Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from Cats at Several Animal Clinics in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Klebsiella spp. merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial. Klebsiella spp. dapat menyerang saluran pernapasan dan pencernaan kucing. Resistansi antibiotik dapat memperburuk kondisi dan memperlambat penyembuhan pasien yang terinfeksi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji resistansi berbagai jenis antibiotik pada Klebsiella spp. yang diisolasi dari kucing rawat inap dan rawat jalan di klinik hewan di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari koleksi sampel, isolasi dan identifikasi, serta uji resistansi dengan metode disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat resistansi isolat Klebsiella spp. berbeda-beda pada setiap antibiotik uji. Isolat uji menunjukkan resistan terhadap ampisilin, sefotaksim, doksisiklin, metronidazol, dan eritromisin. Isolat Klebsiella spp. masih tergolong sensitif terhadap antibiotik aztreonam, gentamisin, enrofloksasin, dan amoksisilin. Terdapat 9 isolat yang terindikasikan sebagai multi-drug resistance., Klebsiella spp. is one of the bacteria that can cause nosocomial infections. Klebsiella spp. could infect the respiratory and digestive tract of the cat. Antibiotic resistance can aggravate the condition and slow the healing of patients who infected by bacteria. This study aims to test the resistance of various types of antibiotics on Klebsiella spp. isolated from cats at several animal clinics in Bogor Regency. This research method consists of sample collection, isolation and identification, and antibiotic resistance tests with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin. The isolate still classified as sensitive to the antibiotics aztreonam, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and amoxicillin. There are 9 isolates classified as multidrug-resistance.
Keyword: Antibiotic, cat, Klebsiella spp., resistance

Judul: Resistance of Klebsiella pneumoniae from Hospitalized Cats at the Animal Clinic of Depok City to Antibiotics
Abstrak: Resistansi bakteri Klebsiella pneumoniae terhadap antibiotik telah menjadi masalah kesehatan global, mengakibatkan penurunan efektivitas terhadap banyak antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan gambaran resistansi K. pneumoniae yang diisolasi dari kucing rawat inap di klinik Kota Depok terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari kuesioner, koleksi sampel, isolasi, identifikasi, dan uji kepekaan terhadap antibiotik. Sebanyak tujuh isolat K. pneumoniae berhasil diidentifikasi, resistansi terjadi pada sefotaksim sebanyak tujuh isolat, amoksisilin tiga isolat, gentamisin satu isolat, dan enrofloksasin satu isolat. Hasil intermediet ditunjukan oleh amoksisilin, enrofloksasin, dan doksisiklin dengan jumlah yang sama yakni satu isolat serta hasil sensitif ditunjukan oleh gentamisin sebanyak enam isolat, doksisiklin enam isolat, enrofloksasin lima isolat dan amoksisilin tiga isolat. Informasi ini diharapkan dapat membantu dokter hewan dalam memilih antibiotik yang tepat untuk pengobatan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri ini., The resistance of bacteria Klebsiella pneumoniae to antibiotics has become a global health problem, resulting in a reduction in the efficacy of many antibiotics. This study aims to illustrate the resistance of K. pneumoniae isolated from hospitalized cats on veterinary clinics in Depok City to several antibiotics. The research method consisted of questionnaires, sample collection, isolation, identification, and antibiotic sensitivity test. A total of seven K. pneumoniae isolates were identified. Resistance occurred in seven isolates of cefotaxime, three isolates of amoxicillin, one isolate of gentamicin and enrofloxacin. The intermediate results were shown by amoxicillin, enrofloxacin, and doxycycline with the same amount, one isolate. The sensitive results were shown by six gentamicin isolates, six doxycycline isolates, five enrofloxacin isolates, and three amoxicillin isolates. Hopefully, this information can help veterinarians choose the appropriate antibiotic to treat diseases caused by these bacteria.
Keyword: animal clinic, antibiotic, antibiotic resistance, Klebsiella pneumoniae

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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