Judul: Validation of Microsatellite Markers in Several Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Accessions and Their Relatives
Abstrak: Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) merupakan salah satu tanaman buah yang tergolong dalam genus Artocarpus. Di wilayah Indonesia terdapat 34 spesies tanaman dari genus Artocarpus yang berpotensi dikembangkan. Keragaman serta potensi tanaman dari genus Artocarpus, menjadikan informasi mengenai marka mikrosatelit penting diketahui sebagai salah satu penanda molekuler. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan memvalidasi marka mikrosatelit pada beberapa aksesi nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) dan kerabatnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Seed Center Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Desember 2023 hingga Mei 2024. Pada penelitian ini digunakan 23 sampel tanaman dari genus Artocarpus, terdiri dari 7 aksesi nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) dan 16 spesies kerabatnya. DNA dari 23 sampel di amplifikasi menggunakan enam primer marka SSR. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dengan metode CTAB yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan mercaptoethanol. DNA hasil ekstraksi kemudian diuji kuantitas dan kualitasnya sebelum dilakukan proses amplifikasi DNA. Evaluasi kemunculan pita pada gel elektroforesis diduga bahwa terdapat satu primer monomorfik diantara enam primer yang digunakan., Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is one of the fruit plants belonging to the genus Artocarpus. In Indonesia, there are 34 species of plants from the genus Artocarpus that have the potential to be developed. The diversity and potential of plants of the genus Artocarpus, making information about microsatellite markers is important to know as one of the molecular markers. Therefore, this study aims to validate microsatellite markers on several accessions of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) and its relatives. This research was conducted at the Seed Center Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University from December 2023 to May 2024. In this study, 23 plant samples from the genus Artocarpus were used, consisting of 7 accessions of jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) and 16 species of its relatives. DNA from 23 samples was amplified using six SSR marker primers. DNA extraction was carried out using the modified CTAB method with the addition of mercaptoethanol. The extracted DNA was then tested for quantity and quality before the DNA amplification process. Evaluation of band appearance on gel electrophoresis indicated that there was one monomorphic primer among the six primers used.
Keyword: amplifikasi, Artocarpus, DNA, elektroforesis, SSR

Judul: Validation of Microsatellite Markers on Several Water Apple (Syzygium aqueum (Brum.f.) Alston)
Abstrak: Jambu air (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) merupakan spesies yang masuk ke dalam famili Myrtaceae. Famili ini memiliki jumlah spesies yang banyak sehingga sulit untuk menganalisis perbedaan antar spesies ataupun kultivar. Analisis dengan menggunakan parameter morfologi kurang akurat karena dipengaruhi lingkungan sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis secara molekuler menggunakan marka mikrosatelit. Penelitian ini bertujuan memvalidasi marka mikrosatelit pada beberapa kultivar jambu air. Percobaan ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Seed center, Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Dramaga, Bogor. Bahan penelitian ini terdiri dari 10 kultivar jambu air dan 10 marka mikrosatelit. Waktu penelitian dimulai dari bulan September 2022 hingga Mei 2023. Penelitian ini dimulai dari proses pengambilan sampel, ekstraksi DNA, Pengujian kualitas dan kuantitas DNA, amplifikasi DNA, hingga elektroforesis hasil amplifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa marka mikrosatelit yang digunakan mampu mengamplifikasi 60-100% kultivar jambu air. Semua marka/lokus dapat digunakan untuk analisis molekuler, namun hanya lokus P10 yang mampu membedakan genetik antar kultivar. Lokus P10 diduga merupakan lokus polimorfik., Water Apple (Syzygium aqueum (Burm.f.) Alston) is a species belonging to the family Myrtaceae. This family has a large number of species so it is difficult to analyze differences between species or cultivars. Analysis using morphological parameters is less accurate because it is influenced by the environment, so it is necessary to carry out molecular analysis using microsatellite markers. This study aims to validate microsatellite markers on several water apple. This experiment was conducted at the Seed center Laboratory, Leuwikopo Experimental Garden, Bogor Agricultural University, Dramaga, Bogor. The research material consisted of 10 guava cultivars and 10 microsatellite markers. The study time is from September 2022 to May 2023. This research starts from the sampling process, DNA extraction, DNA quality and quantity testing, DNA amplification, to electrophoresis of amplification results. The results showed that the microsatellite markers used was able to amplify 60-100% of the water apple cultivars. All markers/loci can be used for molecular analysis, but only P10 loci capable of distinguishing genetically between cultivars. The P10 locus is thought to be a polymorphic locus.
Keyword: Amplifikasi, Asam Nukleat, Elektroforesis, Genetik, Myrtaceae

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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