Judul: Intensitas Penyakit Downy Mildew dan Keberadaan Hama pada Melon dengan Sistem Biointensif
Abstrak: Tanaman melon merupakan salah satu tanaman buah semusim yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi, namun produksinya mengalami fluktuasi. Hama penyakit dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas maupun kuantitas. Pengendalian hama penyakit dengan pestisida sintetik sudah banyak digunakan dan dapat meninggalkan residu. Sehingga, perlu pengembangan produksi melon yang ramah lingkungan dengan agens hayati. Sistem biointensif menjadi salah satu solusi pengendalian hama penyakit dengan memaksimalkan pemanfaatan organisme tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh sistem biointensif terhadap penyakit penting dan produksi pada dua varietas melon di Tegal. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial, faktor varietas (Pertiwi dan Alisha) dan biointensif, H2 (Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus. firmus + Trichoderma harzianum + Lecanicillium sp. + guano) dan H3 (P. diminuta dan B. firmus + Trichoderma harzianum + Lecanicillium sp.). Metode sampling adalah zig-zag. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, hama yang ditemukan antara lain lalat pengorok daun, ulat, dan kumbang daun sedangkan penyakit utamanya adalah downy mildew. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan sistem biointensif belum mempengaruhi produksi melon pada musim hujan, meskipun dapat menekan keparahan penyakit downy mildew lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol pada varietas Pertiwi di awal infeksi. Setiap kombinasi faktor tidak mempengaruhi keberadaan hama dengan hasil sama pada kontrol. Produksi buah melon terbaik diperoleh pada varietas Alisha dengan perlakuan H3, Melon is one of the annual fruit plants that have high economic value, but their production fluktuates. Pests and diseases can cause a decrease in quality and quantity. Pest and disease control using synthetic pesticides is widely used and can leave residues. This causes need to develop more environmentally friendly melon production by using biological agents. Biointensive system is one of the solutions in pest control with by maximizing the utilization of beneficial microorganisms. This research aim was to determine the effect of biointensive systems on important pests and diseases and production of two melon varieties in Tegal. The study applied a factorial randomized group design, with factors related to varieties (Pertiwi and Alisha) and treatment, i.e. H2 (Pseudomonas diminuta and Bacillus firmus + Trichoderma harzianum + Lecanicillium sp. + guano) and H3 (P. diminuta dan B. firmus + Trichoderma harzianum + Lecanicillium sp.). The sampling applied was zigzag method. Based on observations, the pests found on melon plants include leafminer, caterpillars, and leaf beetles while the main disease is downy mildew. The result obtained show that the biointensive systems has not been able to affect melon production in the rainy season, although it can suppress the severity of downy mildew disease better than control on Pertiwi variety during earlier phase of infection. Each combination of factors does not affect the presence of pests and no differences with the control. The best melon fruit production is obtained on the Alisha variety with H3 treatment.
Keyword: Biocontrol agents, Bacillus firmus, downy mildew, pest attack, Pseudomonas diminuta

Judul: Effectiveness of Bacteria Again Important Pests on Melon Plants Supervised
Abstrak: MERI ELIZA. Keefektifan Bakteri Agens Hayati terhadap Hama Penting pada Melon. Dibimbing oleh SURYO WIYONO dan BONJOK ISTIAJI. Penggunaan bakteri sebagai agen biokontrol termasuk upaya mengurangi dampak negatif penggunaan pestisida sintetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas bakteri P14 dan J8 dalam mengendalikan hama. Penelitian ini dilakukan di perkebunan melon di Desa Jembayat, Kabupaten Tegal, Jawa Tengah pada bulan September hingga November 2021. Pengambilan data dilakukan secara langsung dengan mengamati gejala, tingkat kerusakan hama, serta menghitung populasi hama. Studi ini dilakukan denngan melihat pengaruh aplikasi agens biologis bakteri pada hama utama melon, yaitu kutu daun, kutu putih, lalat buah, dan kumbang daun. Percobaan disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Daerah penelitian terdiri dari lima blok sebagai ulangan, setiap blok berisi enam perlakuan yang ditandai dengan label.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bakteri agens hayati P14 dan J8 menekan populasi kutu putih secara nyata pada umur 4 -7 minggu setelah tanam. Selain itu, bakteri P14 dan J8 juga berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan daya kecambah biji melon., MERI ELIZA. Effectiveness of Bacteria Agains Important Pests on Melon Plants. Supervised by SURYO WIYONO and BONJOK ISTIAJI. The use of bacteria as biocontrol agents includes efforts to minimize the negative impact of using synthetic pesticides. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of P14 and J8 bacteria to control pests. This research was conducted on a melon plantation in Jembayat Village, Tegal Regency, Central Java from October 2021 to November 2021. Data collection was carried out directly by observing the symptoms and the damage rate of pests, and calculating the population of pests. This study looked at the effect of the application of bacterial biological agents on major melon pests including aphids, mealybugs, fruit flies and leaf beetles. The experiments were arranged in a Randomized Block Design. The research area consists of five blocks as replicates, each block contains six treatments marked with the label. Research result show treatment of P14 and J8 bacteria agens hayati suppresses the population of mealybugs at some observation date In addition, P14 and J8 bacteria also had an effect on increasing the germination of melon seeds.
Keyword: induced resistance,, mealybugs, Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR)

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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