Judul: Anatomi Daun Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) dan Kerabatnya.
Abstrak: Angin merupakan bagian dari sistem sirkulasi udara global yang bertindak untuk menyeimbangkan suhu dan tekanan di seluruh dunia. Massa udara yang terjadi membentuk angin konvergensi yang menyebabkan terjadinya awan konvektif atau bahkan membentuk divergensi sehingga tidak berbentuk awan. Proses-proses tersebut dapat terdeteksi melalui vortisitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan sirkulasi tropis dengan menganalisis proses pola pergeseran medan konvergen dan vortisitas dari angin permukaan/horizontal. Analisis mengenai pola pergeseran sirkulasi ini bisa terdeteksi dengan menghitung nilai vortisitasnya dengan metode beda hingga. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa vortisitas di wilayah tropis cukup tinggi, dikarenakan pada daerah tropis mendapatkan sinar matahari secara langsung. Daerah dengan vortisitas relatif positif tinggi diasosiasikan dengan kejadian badai-badai siklonik di belahan bumi utara (BBU), dan pada daerah dengan vortisitas negatif tinggi diasosiasikan dengan kejadian badai siklonik di belahan bumi selatan (BBS). Vortisitas yang tinggi mengakibatkan keawanan yang rendah. Daerah dengan vortisitas yang tinggi cenderung mengakibatkan terjadinya badai siklonik. Nilai OLR menunjukkan ketebalan awan, semakin kecil nilai OLR menunjukkan tingkat keawanan yang semakin tebal, begitupun sebaliknya.
Keyword: ITCZ, convergence – divergence, tropical regions, vorticity, OLR

Judul: Anatomi Daun Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum L.) dan Kerabatnya
Abstrak: Rambutan merupakan tumbuhan yang termasuk ke dalam familia Sapindaceae dan masih berkerabat dekat dengan lengkeng dan leci. Pengamatan tentang anatomi daun Sapindaceae masih jarang dilakukan, sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk memberikan informasi mengenai anatomi daun beberapa anggota Sapindaceae. Pengamatan ciri anatomi dari sayatan paradermal dan transversal dilakukan terhadap empat kultivar rambutan yaitu rambutan binjai, rapiah, sikoneng, dan aceh lengkeng, serta dua kerabat dekatnya yaitu lengkeng dan leci. Hasil sayatan paradermal memperlihatkan bahwa stomata tidak ditemukan di permukaan atas daun rambutan, lengkeng, dan leci. Stomata pada daun rambutan, lengkeng, dan leci berturut-turut adalah stomata dengan tipe siklositik, staurositik, dan anomositik. Epidermis pada daun rambutan dan leci berbentuk poligonal dengan sisi rata, sedangkan sel epidermis pada daun lengkeng berbentuk poligonal dengan sisi berlekuk. Sayatan transversal memperlihatkan bahwa daun rambutan, lengkeng, dan leci bertipe bifasial. Selain itu parenkima palisade pada rambutan berjumlah dua lapis, lengkeng tiga lapis, dan leci satu lapis. Rambutan memiliki parenkima sel palisade yang cenderung lebar dan pendek, sedangkan lengkeng dan leci memiliki sel palisade yang pipih dan panjang
Keyword: leaf anatomy, rambutan, Sapindaceae

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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