Judul: The Bacterial Leaf Blight Disease of Tidal Rice Fields in North Kayong Regency, West Kalimantan
Abstrak: Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L) merupakan tanaman pangan yang dikonsumsi oleh sebagian dari penduduk di dunia. Di Indonesia hampir seluruh penduduknya memenuhi kebutuhan pangan dengan beras yang berasal dari tanaman padi. Kabupaten Kayong Utara (KKU) merupakan kabupaten yang berada di provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Komoditas tanaman pangan, khusunya padi merupakan komoditas utama di Kabupaten Kayong Utara yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai produk pertanian yang menghasilkan nilai jual. Letaknya yang berada di sekitar garis khatulistiwa membuat pertanaman di daerah ini rentan terserang organisme pengganggu tanaman. Masalah dalam budidaya padi menjadi kendala yang harus diatasi untuk meningkatkan produksi padi. Hawar daun bakteri (HDB) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting utama padi. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh bakteri patogen yaitu Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. Munculnya penyakit ini dapat disebabkan oleh kurangnya sistem budidaya yang tepat dan diperburuk oleh adanya cekaman lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengukur tingkat keparahan dan insidensi penyakit hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman padi yang ditanam dalam sistem tanam padi pasang surut. Data dikumpulkan langsung melalui pengamatan di lapangan dan wawancara dengan petani. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan dan wawancara dengan petani, intensitas penyakit hawar daun bakteri telah meningkat secara linier. Pebedaan cekaman lingkungan pada kedua jenis lahan tersebut menghasilkan intesitas penyakit yang berbeda karena sangat berpengaruh pada perkembangan patogen. Pada sawah tadah hujan, intensitas penyakit HDB terhitung 0% sedangkan pada sawah pasang surut keparahan penyakit HDB mencapai 52,91%., Rice plants (Oryza sativa L) are food crops consumed by almost as many people as the world's population. In Indonesia almost the entire population meets food needs with rice derived from rice plants. North Kayong Regency (KKU) is one of the districts in West Kalimantan province. Agricultural commodities of food crops, especially rice is the main commodity in North Kayong Regency which has the potential to be developed as agricultural products that produce selling value. The location of North Kayong Regency which is around the equator makes land in this area vulnerable to plant pest organisms. The blame-problem in rice cultivation is an obstacle that must be overcome to increase rice production. Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of the main important diseases of rice. This disease is caused by pathogenic bacteria namely Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae. The appearance of the disease can be caused by the lack of precise cultivation system and aggravated by the existence of environmental checks. This study was conducted to measure the severity and incidence of bacterial leaf blight disease of rice growing in tidal rice planting systems. Data were collected directly by observations in the field and interviews with farmers. Collected data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel. Based on the results of observations and interviews with farmers, the intensity of bacterial leaf blight has increased linearly. The availability of environmental checks on both types of land produces different disease intensities because it greatly affects the development of pathogens. In rain-fed rice fields, the intensity of BLB disease is calculated at 0% while in tidal rice fields the severity of BLB disease reaches 52.91%.
Keyword: disease   severity, disease   incidence, the   “kresek”   disease, Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae

Judul: Disease Incidence and Severity of Blast (Pyricularia  oryzae) and Bacterial Leaf Blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) on Rice  Plants in Gebang and Kuripan Villages, Pekalongan City, Central Java
Abstrak: Padi adalah sumber pangan penting bagi masyarakat di dunia terutama masyarakat Indonesia. Peningkatan produktivitas padi memiliki beberapa kendala seperti adanya penyakit tanaman. Terdapat dua penyakit penting padi di Indonesia yaitu blas (Pyricularia oryzae) dan hawar daun bakteri (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur tingkat insidensi dan keparahan penyakit blas dan hawar daun bakteri pada tanaman padi di Kota Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah. Pengamatan di lapangan dilakukan pada 5 petak contoh di Desa Gebang dan 5 petak di Desa Kuripan. Pengamatan juga dilakukan terhadap bobot 1000 butir gabah kering panen dari tanaman contoh. Selain pengamatan di lapangan juga dilakukan wawancara dengan petani. Di Desa Gebang varietas yang ditanam adalah Varietas Inpari 43, sedangkan di Desa Kuripan ditanam varietas Inpari 42. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa serangan P. oryzae dan X. oryzae pv. oryzae ditemukan pada semua petak pengamatan. Keparahan penyakit blas pada lahan pengamatan di Desa Gebang relatif lebih tinggi (rata-rata 51.11%) dibandingkan dengan lahan pengamatan di Desa Kuripan (rata-rata 25.55%). Keparahan penyakit HDB pada lahan Desa Gebang juga relatif lebih tinggi (rata- rata 92%) dibandingkan dengan lahan pengamatan di Desa Kuripan (rata-rata 60.44%), Rice is an important crops as staple food in Indonesia. Increasing rice productivity has an important constraint such as plant diseases. Two important rice diseases in Indonesia are blast (Pyricularia oryzae) and bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae). This study was aimed to measure the incidence and severity of blast and bacterial leaf blight diseases on rice plants in Pekalongan City, Central Java. As many as 5 sample plots of rice fields each in Gebang Village and Kuripan Village were observed. Observations were also carried out on the weight of 1000 dry-harvested grains from the sample plants. In Gebang plots were grown Inpari 43 variety, while in Kuripan plots were grown Inpari 42 variety. This study has shown that blast and bacterial leaf blight disease were observed in all observation plots. The severity of blast disease in the observation plots in Gebang Village was relatively higher (51.11%) than Kuripan Village (25.55%). Similarly BLB disease severity in Gebang Village was higher (92%) than in Kuripan Village (60.44%)
Keyword: Grain, Inpari 42, Inpari 43, Plots, Rice diseases

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4