Judul: Impact of Trade Openness Service Sector on Economic Growth in ASEAN-6, Brazil and China
Abstrak: Nilai impor yang lebih tinggi, kontribusi sektor jasa relatif kecil dan restriksi perdagangan jasa masih relatif tinggi menjadi permasalahan dalam derajat keterbukaan perdagangan sektor jasa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat kinerja derajat keterbukaan perdagangan dan daya saing sektor jasa untuk lima komoditi unggulan yang meliputi travel, other business, transport, telecommunications, computer and information services dan government good and services serta dampak derajat keterbukaan perdagangan sektor jasa terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di ASEAN-6, China, dan Brazil. Metode yang digunakan adalah indikator RCA dan derajat keterbukaan perdagangan serta regresi data panel statis selama periode tahun 2015-2019. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa derajat keterbukaan perdagangan jasa tertinggi adalah Singapura, sedangkan daya saing tertinggi sektor jasa adalah Filipina. Hasil estimasi dari model regresi data panel statis menunjukkan bahwa derajat keterbukaan perdagangan sektor jasa dan pengeluaran pemerintah berdampak signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi., Higher import value, relatively small service sector contribution and service trade restrictions are still relatively high problems in service sector trade openness. The purpose of this study is to see the performance of trade openness and competitiveness of the service sector for five leading commodities including travel, other business, transport, telecommunications, computer and information services and government good and services as well as the impact of service sector trade openness on economic growth in ASEAN-6, China, and Brazil. The methods are RCA indicators and trade openness as well as regression of static panel data in 2015-2019. The results stated that the highest service trade openness is Singapore, the highest competitiveness of the service sector is Philippines. The estimation of the static panel data regression model shows that the openness of trade in the service sector and government spending have a significant impact on economic growth.
Keyword: ASEAN-6, Brazil and China, Competitiveness, Economic Growth, Trade Openness

Judul: Dampak keterbukaan perdagangan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara-negara Asean+3
Abstrak: Openness increases the integration of world goods and capital markets, contributing to potential gains in growth and welfare. Openness promotes the efficient allocation of resources through comparative advantage, allows the dissemination of knowledge and technological progress, and encourages competition in domestic and international markets. This study examines the impact of trade openness on economic growth in ASEAN+3 countries over the period of 1999-2008. This study then presents cross-country, panel data evidence on how the growth effect of openness may depend on a variety of structural characteristics. For this purpose, the empirical section used regression that interacts a proxy of trade openness with foreign direct investment, financial depth, inflation, public infrastructure, educational level, technological progress, and number of employment. The study found that trade openness have a positive impact on economic growth in this region over this period, specially in developed contries group i.e. Singapore, Japan, and South Korea. This positive impact can be significantly improved if some complementary reforms are undertaken.
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Judul: Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Made of Eggshells Through A Hydrothermal Method
Abstrak: Biphasic Calcium Phosphate mixed of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. A hydrothermal method of synthesizing by mixing CaO as calcium source and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate source with distilled water. CaO got from calcination process made of eggshells. All samples were synthesized using hydrothermal reactor then followed by sintering process. The molar ratio of Ca and P for all samples was 0.5 M : 0.3 M. Hydrothermal temperature and sintering temperature were variated they are 250 ºC, 300 ºC for hydrothermal and 800 ºC, 900 ºC, 1000 ºC for sintering, higher treatment temperature, tricalcium phosphate appears. Final results of synthesis were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared. X-ray Diffraction patterns was ecompared with database Join Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards and found tricalcium phosphate and hydoxyapatite.
Keyword: biphasic calcium phosphate, hydrothermal, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate