Judul: The Effect of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Impregnation Pressure Variation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mineralized Sengon Wood.
Abstrak: Kayu sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) dikenal sebagai kayu cepat tumbuh dengan kerapatan, kekerasan, dan kekuatan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas kayu sengon melalui mineralisasi menggunakan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dengan variasi tekanan dan jenis kayu (gubal dan teras). Impregnasi dilakukan dalam dua tahap menggunakan larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH), kalsium klorida (CaCl2), dan natrium karbonat (Na2CO3). Pengujian mencakup sifat fisis (kadar air, kerapatan, berat jenis, Anti-Swelling Efficiency) dan sifat mekanis (modulus elastisitas dinamis, modulus elastisitas statis, modulus patah, tekan sejajar serat, kekerasan, dan uji warna kayu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan signifikan pada sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu sengon setelah mineralisasi. Kerapatan kayu mencapai 0,51 g/cm
Keyword: sengon, mineralization wood, calcium carbonate

Judul: The effect of calcium carbonate concentration variation on the physical and mechanical properties of mineralized sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen)
Abstrak: Kayu Sengon merupakan golongan kayu kelas awet IV-V dan kelas kuat IV-V maka mudah diserang organisme perusak seperti jamur dan serangga. Penelitian sebelumnya menyebutkan bahwa jenis kayu cepat tumbuh dapat menggantikan kayu hutan alam (rotasi panjang) dengan dilakukan pengawetan dan mineralisasi. Peningkatan sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu sengon akibat mineralisasi oleh larutan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dapat dilakukan sebagai alternatif untuk menambah nilai jual kayu sengon di pasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses mineralisasi dengan menggunakan CaCO3 terbukti meningkatkan nilai sifat fisis dan mekanis pada kayu sengon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari penambahan CaCO3 kedalam kayu terhadap ketahanan sifat fisis, mekanis, dan anatomi serta mengetahui konsentrasi optimum dari kalsium karbonat. Kayu sengon di impregnasi dua kali menggunakan kalsium klorida (CaCl2) dan kalsium karbonat (K2CO3) dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi (0.5, 1 dan 2 mol/L). Konsentrasi optimum untuk meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis pada penelitian ini ditunjukkan oleh larutan impregnasi 0.5 mol/L., Sengon wood falls into the durability class IV-V and strength class IV-V, making it susceptible to destructive organisms such as fungi and insects. Previous studies have indicated that fast-growing species of wood can replace long-rotation natural forest wood with proper preservation and mineralization. Enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood through mineralization with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) solution can be an alternative to increase the market value of sengon wood. Research results show that the mineralization process using CaCO3 significantly improves the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of adding CaCO3 to the wood on the resistance of its physical, mechanical, and anatomical properties and to identify the optimum concentration of calcium carbonate. Sengon wood was impregnated twice using calcium chloride (CaCl2) and calcium carbonate (K2CO3) with three concentration variations (0.5, 1, and 2 mol). The optimum concentration for improving the physical and mechanical properties in this study was shown by the 0.5 mol impregnation solution.
Keyword: sengon, CaCO3, kayu mineralisasi, sifat fisis, mekanis kayu

Judul: Antibodi anti-idiotipe sebagai kandidat vaksin rabies, Anti-idiotype andibody as a rabies vaccine candidate
Abstrak: Anti rabies serum (ARS) called antibody 1 (Ab1) was used as the antigen to immunize laying chickens. Anti-Ab1 chicken immunoglobulins (IgY), the antiidiotype antibodies against rabies (Ab2) was isolated from chicken blood every week for ten weeks. The highest titer of Ab2 was found at the third week after the last immunization. Immunoglobulin Y was separated by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, then dialyzed using PBS pH 8.0 for 24 hours at 2 – 8 oC and purified using affinity chromatography column for IgY lead the proteins molecules with 185,000; 95,000 and 49,000 dalton in weigth. Purified IgY was used to immunize New Zealand White rabbit and the antibody response (Ab3) was detected using Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT). The Ab3 showed specific reaction with Ab2 as well as rabies virus. Interestingly, Ab2 and rabies virus express partial identity reaction. This lead the insight, that not all parts of Ab2 are internal image of rabies virus. The efficacy of Ab3 was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indicated that the level of Ab3 titer is protective according to WHO standard (more than 0.5 IU/ml). The conclusion of this study is the anti-idiotype antibody can induce protective immune response against rabies virus and can be used as an alternative for rabies anti-idiotype vaccine. Key words : anti-idiotype vaccine, antibody, rabies
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