Judul: Produksi dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Petani Anggota dan Non Anggota Kelompok Tani di Desa Kopo Kecamatan Cisarua Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Rice is one of the leading food crops in the Kopo village. The production rate of rice in Kopo village is various. One of the causes of this diversity is the difference in group membership. This leads to the difference in the farmer income level of rice farming in Kopo village. In order to find out the difference in the level of production and income caused by the difference in the group membership, it is important to do this research. The aims of this research were to : (1) analyze the factors affecting rice production of member and non-member of farmer group in Kopo village and (2) compare the income level of member and non-member of farmer group in Kopo village. The technique of data collection was purposive sampling method by using questionnaire as a tool to interview a total of 77 samples. The method of data processing was done by using Cobb Douglas’ production function analysis and income analysis. The result showed that the factors of seed production, manure, female labor within the family, female labor outside the family and farmer group membership were significantly influenced the rice production. The result of income analysis showed that based on the membership of farmer group, the farmers that belonged to the membership had greater income than those not belong to the membership with the R/C ratio over the total cost of 2.15. Farming income based on the land ownership status showed that farmers who rented the land had higher income level than those who owned the land with the value of R/C ratio at the total expense of 2.22. Based on the membership status of farmer group and land ownership, the income level of farmer group members who rented the land was higher than that with other characteristics. To increase the level of production and income, it could be suggested that the farmers could use the factors that influence the production significantly and join the farmer group membership.
Keyword: farmer group membership, income analysis, production analysis, farming, rice

Judul: Analisis pendapatan petani Padi sawah di Desa Ciasihan Kecamatan Pamijahan Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Rice production in Indonesia is getting decreased due to the presence of land conversion to non-agricultural sector. One area of West Java that having decline of crop land area is Bogor District. Production decrease of 7.54% from 2010 is caused by the reduced of crop land area that reaches 6 183 ha from 2010 to 2011. Increasing rice productivity isn’t always able to increase the amount of milled rice production if it is followed by a decrease in crop land area. The objectives of this research are to identify performance of rice farmers and analyze the income of rice farming in the Ciasihan Village. The research results indicate that rice farming is still viable seen from the amount of income, is Rp 5.545.169/season. The value of the ratio R / C of rice farming in the ciasihan village is 1.33. Therefore, to increase the income of farmers, the government can provide training and counseling, supporting equipment,and facilities for meetings.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Rice, R/C ratio, Cost, Revenue

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity