Judul: Reaksi dan Titer Antiserum Monoklonal Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) terhadap Antigen Virus pada Tanaman Tomat.
Abstrak: Tomato cholorosis virus (ToCV) commonly infects tomato plants worldwide. The virus induces chlorosis disease on the plants and causes significant economic losses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the only method available for ToCV detection. But, currently, a monoclonal-like antiserum was successfully produced using an antigen containing oligo 16 amino acids generated based on ToCV coat protein gene. The aims of the research were (1) to analyze the antiserum reaction to the viral antigen in tomato plant and (2) to measure the titer of the antiserum. Serological reactions were analyzed using agarose gel precipitation test (AGPT) and dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). The titer of the antiserum was measured using undiluted sap prepared from ToCV-infected tomato leaf tissues. Based on the research result, there is no any precipitation of antigen-antibody complex visible on AGPT, and there for, this serological method was not reliable for analyzed serological reaction of the virus. On the other hand, DIBA gave a strong positive signal if the antiserum was reacted with ToCV-containing sap, but there no any positive signal if the antigen extracted from healthy tomato plant. Using this method, furthermore, the titer of the antiserum was reach to 1/10000. The DIBA, therefore, considered as a reliable serological method for the ToCV using this monoclonal antiserum
Keyword: reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction., dot immunobinding assay, antiserum titer, agarose gel precipitation test

Judul: Uji Serologi Diferensial dan Simultan untuk Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) dan Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) pada Tanaman Tomat
Abstrak: Tomato clorosis virus (ToCV) dan Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) merupakan Criniviruses yang mengakibatkan gejala yang sama berupa klorosis pada tomat. Penyakit ini ditandai dengan klorosis pada jaringan antar tulang daun, daun menjadi lebih tebal dan rapuh, beberapa daun mengalami nekrotik, dan bagian daun berubah menjadi merah keunguan (bronzing). Kedua virus ini menyebabkan penurunan kuantitas dan kualitas produksi buah, sehingga menjadi masalah yang serius pada pertanaman tomat di Indonesia. Antiserum poliklonal yang diproduksi menggunakan protein selubung masing-masing virus yang diekspresikan pada Escherichia coli telah tersedia sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggunakan antiserum tersebut untuk menganalisa hubungan serologis kedua virus dan untuk pengembangan metode deteksi diferensial dan simultan. Tanaman tomat yang terinfeksi tunggal maupun ganda oleh ToCV dan TICV, yang telah dianalisis terlebih dahulu dengan diferensial reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, digunakan sebagai sumber virus. Analisis menggunakan gel agarose presipitation test (AGPT) dan dot immunobinding assay (DIBA), ditemukan bahwa tidak ada reaksi silang yang diamati antara antiserum ToCV dan TICV. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kedua virus tersebut tidak memiliki hubungan serologi. Sehingga berimplikasi bahwa kedua antiserum tersebut dapat digunakan dalam metode deteksi serologi diferensial untuk ToCV dan TICV. Selanjutnya, campuran antiserum ToCV dan TICV dalam AGPT dan DIBA dapat mendeteksi kedua virus dalam jaringan tanaman tomat yang terinfeksi ganda. Deteksi kedua virus secara simultan dalam uji serologi tunggal dapat menghemat waktu dan biaya. Metode serologi yang dikembangkan pada penelitian ini diharapkan menjadi cara terbaik untuk diagnosis kedua virus ini.
Keyword: agarose gel presipitation test, antiserum, Crinivirus, dot immunobinding assay

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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