Judul: System dynamics modelling for the design of green tea industry supply chain management
Abstrak: In the recent competitive era, business actors should aware that competition among supply chains was the condition faced by their business. This condition required a supply chain management theory and practice integrating the management of business functions in an inter-organizational relation. This research used system dynamics methodology aiming to design for green tea industry supply chain management. In addition, this research developed a supply chain management performance measurement, which integrated balanced scorecard performance measurement with value-added measurement.
Keyword: supply chain, Balanced performance, Value added, Vertical coordination

Judul: Design of differential accounting systems model inthe black tea groindustry
Abstrak: Indonesia was the world's sixth largest producer of tea commodity, after India, China, Srilangka, Kenya, and Turkey in the year of 2002. In the same year, Indonesia was the world's fifth largest exporter of the tea commodity, after Srilangka, Kenya, China, and India. During the last nine years, the export of Indonesian tea decreased from 129,900 tons in 1993 to 102,000 tons in 2002, a decrease by an average of two percent per year. This has caused the decrease of Indonesian market share of tea from 10.8 percent in 1993 to 7.2 percent in 2002. The situation has worsened by the fact that the export price of the Indonesian tea in the world market was also the lowest compared to the other tea producing countries. During the period of 1990 - 1998, the average price of the Indonesian tea was only 55.6%; 59.2%; and 74.6% of the average price of India, Srilangka, and Kenya respectively. The decreaisne sales volume and the lowest export price could be attributed to the poor management practices. To improve the efectiveness of the management of the Indonesian black tea ago-industry, a diferential accounting systems model was designed and developed as an integrated short and long-term strategies through which the industry could improve its competitiveness. The general objective of the study is to design a differential accounting systems model in the black tea ago-industry, in order to determim the cost of production, to analyse and to evaluate the performance of the black tea-agro-industry both for new planting and replanting models. Since the black tea ago-industry involves numerous complex inter-related factors, systems of approaches were used in the study. The decision-making computational models used in the study were Soft Systems Methodology (SSIY), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM, cost-profit-volume (CVP) analysis, financial ratio analysis. The sensitivity analysis is also used to find out the influences of the increase of production costs, the decrease of product price, and the changes of rupiah currency value toward the US dollar. The models were designed for both new planting and replanting models. Each model was then validated by using actual performance of the black tea ago-industry obtained from PT. Perkbunan Nusantara VIII (PTPN VIII) and Pusat Penelitian Teh dun Kina (PPTK) Gambung, and the standard of soundJinancia1 measurement for stateowned companies stated in the decree of the Finance Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia. The validations show that the differential accounting systems model fits the performance of the industry, for both models. However, the sensitivity analysis shows that the black tea agro-industry was very sensitive towards the factor changes, such as the decrease of product price, the increase of operating costs, and the depreciation of the local currency.
Keyword: 

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan