Judul: Pengembangan Usaha Peternakan Ayam Ras Melalui Pola Pir Perunggasan (Studi Kasus di KEcamatan Sawangan, Kabupaten Bogor dengan KPU Putera Bakti sebagai Lembaga Pelaksana)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah pertama, mengetahui pola usaha peternakan ayam ras sebelum Keppres No. 50/1981 dan permasalahan yang kedua, mengetahui pola usaha peternakan ayam ras menurut Keppres No. 50/1981 dan permasalahan yang ketiga, mengetahui po1a usaha peternakan ayam ras menurut Kep. Mentan. No. TN 330/342/Kpts/5/1981j keempat, mengetahui peranan Koperasi dalam pola PIR Perunggasan kelima, mengetahui tingkat pendapatan peternak ayam petelur. Pene1itian dilakukan dengan metode studi kasus di Kecamatan Sawangan dan studi pustaka. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan dengan sengaja dan data yang diperoleh diolah dengan cara tabulasi.
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Judul: Analisa usaha ayam broiler dalam hubungannya dengan pir perunggasan ( Studi kasus pada peternak tergolong pola usaha Bapak angkat di Kacamatan Sawangan - Bogor )
Abstrak: Praktek Lapang ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Sawangan an tara tanggal 9 Juli sampai dengan 9 September 1984, bertujuan untuk mengetahui sampai sejauh mana pelaksanaan Keppres Nomor 50/81 dan mengadakan penelitian tentang pendapatan peternak melalui Analisa Usaha Ayam Broiler. Keppres 50/81 merupakan salah satu campur tangan Pemerintah dalam dunia perunggasan khususnya Ayam Ras melalui pembinaan usaha peternakan ayam. Tujuan utama Keppres 50/81 adalah melindungi dan meningkatkan pendapatan peternak kecil sebagai suatu usaha ternak keluarga dan usaha peternakan ayam ras hanya diperuntukkan bagi peternak skala kecil. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut dilakukan restrukturisasi usaha melalui phse-out dan phase-in. Melalui phase-out diha rapkan peternak raksasa sudah tidak ada. Sasaran akhir usaha pembinaan ini adalah, mewujudkan peternak-peternak yang mandiri, kuat dan sehat. Kenyataannya sampai batas waktu berakhirnya pelaksanaan Keppres 50/81 (Mei 1984), ternyata perusahaan peternakan ayam raksasa masih tetap ada bahkan cenderung meningkat menjadi lebih besar lagi. Ditinjau dari skala usaha, peternak skala besar telah melakukan phase-out, akan tetapi yang terlihat dalam kenyataan adalah bahwa perusahaan raksasa itu hanya memecah usahanya menjadi beberapa unit skala usaha sesuai dengan kehendak Keppres.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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