Judul: Aktivitas antimikroba Lactobacilluscasai galur shirota dan L,Casai sub-sprhamnosus dalam fermentasi yakult kedelai
Abstrak: Fermentasi yakult kedelai dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua jenis kultur yaitu L. casei galur shirota dan L. casei sub-sp rhamnosus, dengan menerapkan metode adaptasi. Evaluasi mutu yakult kedelai setelah proses fermentasi dan siap minum dilakukan terhadap total bakteri asam laktat, total asam tertitrasi dan nilai pH. Selain itu pada yakult kedelai siap minum juga dilakukan analisis terhadap kekentalan, total kapang dan khamir dan organoleptik. Sedangkan untuk uji antimikroba dilakukan dengan mengamati pertumbuhan bakteri Enteropatogenik E. coli, Salmonella sp, Shigella dysenteriae, Staphylococcus aureus dan Clostridium perfringens, dalam yakult kedelai selama dan setelah fermentasi. Kultur rhamnosus yang telah diadaptasi lebih dahulu dalam susu kedelai menghasilkan produk fermentasi dengan total bakteri asam laktat yang lebih besar, nilai pH yang lebih rendah dan persentase total asam laktat lebih tinggi dari pada yakult kedelai dengan kultur starter yang sama dan tidak diadaptasi. Akan tetapi untuk kultur shirota, metode adaptasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap yakult kedelai yang dihasilkan. Ditinjau dari penampakan, konsistensi, aroma dan rasa ternyata yakult kedelai yang menggunakan kultur shirota lebih disukai oleh panelis daripada yakult kedelai dengan kultur rhamnosus. Sifat antimikroba dari yakult kedélai dengan kultur rhamnosus lebih tinggi daripada kultur shirota dalam menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Bakteri yakult efektif dalam menekan pertumbuhan E. coli, Salmonella sp dan Shigella dysenteriae baik pada yakult kedelai setelah proses fermentasi maupun yang siap minum...
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Judul: Fermentasi Sari Kedelai Germinasi oleh Co-Culture Lactobacillus dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae YKPD6 Asal Granula Kefir
Abstrak: Kedelai dikenal sebagai sumber nutrisi dan mengandung komponen bioaktif yang dapat ditingkatkan melalui fermentasi. Germinasi kedelai diketahui melepaskan beberapa senyawa bioaktif dan mengurangi bau langu. Isolat bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan khamir asal granula kefir diketahui berpotensi sebagai probiotik dan dapat diaplikasikan sebagai kultur starter. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh kultur starter untuk fermentasi sari kedelai germinasi dengan aktivitas antioksidan tinggi. Isolat yang digunakan yaitu Lactobacillus kefiri YK4, Lactobacillus rhamnosus BD2 dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae YKPD6. Kultur tunggal, co-culture BAL dan co-culture BAL + khamir menurunkan pH dan meningkatkan TAT (total asam tertitrasi) setelah fermentasi 24 jam. Co-culture BAL dan khamir menghasilkan pH yang lebih rendah dan TAT yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kultur tunggal. Peningkatan total BAL dan khamir yang signifikan sejalan dengan aktivitas antioksidan setelah fermentasi 24 jam, total BAL dan khamir menurun sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan meningkat. Aktivitas antioksidan sari kedelai germinasi tertinggi pada fermentasi 72 jam (78,41–81,93%) dan tidak berbeda nyata antarkultur. BAL asal granula kefir, dengan atau tanpa khamir berpotensi digunakan sebagai kultur starter untuk menghasilkan sari kedelai germinasi terfermentasi yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan tinggi.
Keyword: antioxidant activity, co-culture, germinated soybean milk, Lactobacillus, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite