Judul: Overview of agribusiness and factors that influence the Indonesian Seaweed
Abstrak: The development of seaweed cultivation in Indonesia in the last decade has grown very fast. Since 2007 Indonesia has become the largest seaweed producer in the world. Fifty percent of seaweed from the tropical regions in the world are produced in Indonesia. In the period of 2005-2010, the export of Indonesian seaweed continued to increase with an average of seventeen percent growth per year. While the value of exports FOB Indonesia increased by fifty-one percent over six years. The average growth of seaweed production in six years increased by forty percent. Indonesia's exports are mostly in the form of dried seaweeds with the major destination countries: China, the Philippines, Hong Kong, South Korea, Denmark, and Italy. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze the factors that affect the production, demand and price of domestic seaweed (2) analyze the factors that affect the Indonesian seaweed exports to China, Hong Kong and the Philippines (3) to analyze policy alternatives in order to increase Indonesian seaweed production. The secondary data (time series) in was collected from 1989 until 2011. The model in this study was analyzed using the SAS program 2SLS method. The factors that affect the production of Indonesian seaweed significantly were budget of the Ministry of Marine Affairs Fisheries MMAF, the world price of seaweed and trends. Factors that affect the domestic demand of seaweed significantly were the population of Indonesia and carageenan price. The price of domestic seaweed was significantly influenced by the price of domestic seaweed in the previous year. Factor that significantly affects seaweed exports to the Philippines was the seaweed domestic price in the previous year. While the factor affecting exports to China was the Chinese national income and the factors that affect the seaweed exports to Hong Kong were the domestic price of seaweed in the previous year, import tariffs imposed by Hong Kong and the world price of seaweed. Production, demand and price of domestic seaweed is influenced by the Indonesian government policy. Policies pursued by MMAF in increasing domestic seaweed production and exports are needed to be implemented, where concrete step is by increasing with increased government budget.
Keyword: agribusiness, export, price, seaweed.

Judul: Factors Affecting The Trade of Indonesian Seaweed
Abstrak: Rumput laut merupakan komoditas hasil perikanan budidaya yang memiliki kontribusi nasional dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Indonesia memiliki kontribusi 40% terhadap volume ekspor rumput laut dunia. Volume ekspor mengalami peningkatan, sedangkan pasar domestik kesulitan dalam mendapatkan bahan baku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perdagangan rumput laut Indonesia ke tujuh negara tujuan (Cina, Korea Selatan, Perancis, Chili Filipina, USA dan Jepang). Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel dengan pendekatan Gravity Model dengan rentan waktu 2000 hingga 2019. Variabel terikat adalah volume perdagangan (impor+ekspor). Hasil estimasi faktor yang memengaruhi perdagangan rumput laut Indonesia adalah PDB riil per kapita Indonesia, PDB riil per kapita negara tujuan, nilai tukar, dan jarak ekonomi, berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume perdagangan. Peningkatan sarana pendukung, perlindungan bagi industri dalam negeri untuk mendapatkan bahan baku berkualitas, serta peningkatan teknologi guna meningkatkan kualitas rumput laut., Seaweed is a cultivated fishery commodity that has contribution for Indonesia’s national economy. Indonesia contributes 40% of the world's seaweed export volume. Export volume has increased, meanwhile, the domestic market has difficulty in obtaining raw materials. The aim of this research is to analyze the factors affecting the trade of Indonesian seaweed to seven destination countries (China, South Korea, France, Chile, Philippines, USA and Japan). The analytical methods used in this research is panel data with the Gravity Model approaches with periods covers 2000 until 2019. The dependent variable is trading volume. The result of estimated factors affecting trade are real GDP per capita of Indonesia, real GDP per capita of destination countries, exchange rates, and economic distance, significantly influencing trading volume. Improvement of supporting facilities, protection for domestic industry to obtain quality raw materials, and improvement of technology to improve the quality of seaweed.
Keyword: data panel, gravity model, volume ekspor, export volume, panel data, export volume, gravity model, panel data

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular