Judul: Desain Formulasi Nanoemulsi Pewarna Alam Ekstrak Kayu Secang (Caesalpinia Sappan Linn)
Abstrak: Sappan extract formulated into nanoemulsion with a fixed concentration of 10% of the weight of the formulation, emulsifier used is Span20, Span80, Tween20 and Tween80 with a percentage of 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of the weight of the formula to single formulation and 1.25 %, 2.5%, and 5% of the weight formula for dual formulation, while the solvent used was distilled water with a percentage of 87.50%, 85.00%, and 80.00% of the weight of the formula. This thesis aims to obtain nanoemulsion formulation design natural dyes extract the sappan wood, which involves determining the optimal conditions formulation nanoemulsion, observation of stability that occurs in formulation nanoemulsion to produce emulsion dyes. Preliminari results with visual observation/visible, showing that the best formulation is the formulation of Tween20 (10%), formulation Tween80 (10%), formulation Span20-Span80 (1.25%), formulation Span20-Tween80 (5%), formulation Span80-Tween20 (5%), formulation Span80-Tween80 (5%), and the formulation Tween20-Tween80 (5%). Results of viscosity measurements showed all formulations nanoemulsion produce a low viscosity values between 4.00 to 15.00 cP. Results of particle size, measurements showed a single formulation using emulsifier Tween and double combination formulation Tween-Tween produces formula nanoemulsion with a larger particle size diameter >100 nm), the double combination formulation Span-Span and Span-Tween produce formula nanoemulsion with a smaller particle size diameter (<100 nm). The measurement results show the value of the particle size distribution polydispersity indeks values of the seven formulations nanoemulsion between 0.187 to 0.782, these states generally formulation nanoemulsion meets all standards as the particle size distribution of system nanoemulsion. Results of emulsion stability measurements/zeta potential indicate single formulation Tween20, double combination formulation Tween20-Tween80 and Span80-Tween80 produce zeta potential values more positive than +30 mV, this indicates that a stable formulation, single formulation Tween80, double combination formulation Span20-Span80, Span20-Tween80 and Span80- Tween20 generating value but not negative than -30 mV, this show is not sufficiently stable formulation within a certain period. Color intensity measurement results show that using a single formulation emulsifier Tween and double combination formulation Tween-Tween produces a smaller value for the brightness (L), degree of redness (a), and degree of yellowness (b), compared with the double combination formulations Span-Span and Span-Tween.
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Judul: Formulasi Nanoemulsi Minyak Sawit dengan High-Pressure Homogenizer
Abstrak: Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. One of the palm oil derivative products is palm oil emulsion as its β-carotene solubility in water is low and easily degraded through processing. The use of nanotechnology in the manufacture of palm oil nano emulsion can improve its solubility in water, its bioavailibility in the digestive tract, and emulsion stability. This study observed the effect of emulsifier Tween 20 and Tween 80 as much as 10% and 30% (w/w) oil base and chitosan 0%, 0.5%, and 1% (w/v) emulsion base to the particle size and stability. The use of Tween 80 provided better particle size and stability of β-carotene than the use of Tween 20. The use of an emulsifier at a concentration of 30% showed a smaller particle size compared with the use of a concentration of 10%. The use of chitosan to 1% can increase the size of the particles and prevent oiling off, but can accelerate the aggregation of the emulsion, compared to 0.5% chitosan use. The selected formula is the use of 30% Tween 80 and 0.5% chitosan.
Keyword: β-carotene, particle size, nanoemulsion, emulsifier, chitosan

Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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