Judul: The Economic Values of Gunung Halimun National Park and its Utilization for the Local People.
Abstrak: Gunung Halimun National Park (GHNP) has enormous benefit for people. Through the economic valuation, this research found out that the total economic value (TEV) was Rp 439.75 billion per year, consisting of carbon sink value (97.73%), water value for domestic and agriculture uses (1.51 %), ecotourism value (0.29%), option value (0.17%), preservation value (1.51 %), and existence value (0.15%). If the carbon sink value is excluded, the TEV reachs Rp 9.57 billion, with the highest of the water value (66.58%), followed by ecotourism value (12.70%). Considering the budget for the park management in 2002 was about Rp 2 billion, conservation activities was proven to be very supportive to the economic development, even considered as efficient in a business term. The socio - economic level of the local community (93.34% farmers) was very low, a monthly income only Rp 93,210, education level of 93.18% elementary school or lower. The poor of their social and economic caused the negative attitude of the local people (e.g. illegal logging, encroachment, and illegal mining) which threat the sustainability of the park. The dominant factors for the utilization (for ecotourism, research, and education) based on SWOT analysis were promotion of the program utilization, maintenance of the facilities and equipment of the park, improvement of the institution collaboration, and improvement of the capacity building of GHNP organization.
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Judul: Pengaruh peubah sosial ekonomi terhadap perubahan penggunaan dan penutupan Lahan di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak
Abstrak: Gunung Halimun Salak is one of national park in Indonesia, located in West Java and Banten Province. In 2003, government has expanded its area by more than 70000 hectares. It caused a lot of conflicts between local communities and national park officials. Many case studies showed that the local communities has used the natural resources for construction materials, fuel wood, medicine, food, cultural needs, forages, hunting, handicraft, gold mining, agriculture land, and settlement. There was clear evidence that in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, during 15 years period (1989-2004), forest cover area decreased by more than 25%. The objectives of the research are: 1) to identify socio-economic variables causing landuse and landcover change; 2) to estimate influence of key socio-economic variables; 3) to estimate the need of agricultural land and settlement for local communities; and 4) to estimate the direct benefit value of the national park. Selection of sampling location was used by stratified cluster sampling. Socio-economic data collected from interviews with 900 head of households which lived in 30 villages in and around the national park. The technique of data processing analysis were done using spatial analysis, descriptive analysis, linear regression analysis, population pressure analysis, and substitution and market price analysis. The result of analysis showed that the population growth, population density, land ownership, agricultural land and settlement expansion are the key variables that influenced landuse and landcover change. The need of agricultural land was 0.54 hectares per person, and the direct benefit value of the national park was more than IDR 237 billion per year.
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Judul: Enteric Collibacillosis Pada Anak Babi Baru Lahir: Patogenesa dan Perubahan-Perubahan Patologisnya
Abstrak: Diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada anak-anak babi baru lahir yang peka terhadap en terotoksin produk bakteri tersebut. Dikenal sebagai colibacillosis. Patogenesa dari colibacillosis anak babi baru lahir adalah (1) infeksi oleh E. coli patogen, (2) proliferasi E. coli di lumen usus halus, (3) produksi dan pelepasan enterotoksin, dan (4) aktifitas toksin pada usus halus. Dalam proses proliferasi, adanya antigen pili K88 sangat penting karena memungkinkan bakteri perlekatan dengan epitel mucosa usus halus. mengadakan Setelah ko lonisasi dan proliferasi segera toksin dilepaskan. Akti- fitas toksin menginduksi sekresi yang berlebihan dari u- sus sehingga banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan ke lumen usus. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak cairan dan elektrolit hilang sehingga timbul diare, dehidrasi dan asidosis yang sering menyebabkan kematian. Perubahan-perubahan patologis yang umum adalah dis tensi usus halus, dilatasi lambung dan infark pada kurva- tura mayor. Perubahan-perubahan histologis yang terjadi adalah enteritis hemorrhagica acuta, oedem dan kongesti pembuluh darah di lamina propria, akumulassi leukosit inti polimorf, sel monosit, dan inti sel mengalami piknosis Thrombus pada vena dan degenerasi serta desquamasi sel epitel usus….
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