Judul: Development of Animal Model of Male Infertility by Busulfan Injection via Bilateral Intratesticular Route in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Infertilitas pada pejantan merupakan ketidakmampuan untuk membuahi karena kualitas spermatozoa yang rendah, mempengaruhi gonad melalui perubahan hormonal dan kondisi metabolisme. Faktor lain yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan reproduksi dan infertilitas pada manusia disebabkan perilaku yang tidak sehat dan penggunaan obat anti kanker dalam jangka waktu lama. Salah satu obat kanker yaitu busulfan, berefek menghambat perkembangan spermatogonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi efek busulfan terhadap karakteristik spermatozoa di kauda epididimis mencit (Mus musculus) setelah di injeksi busulfan dengan rute intratestikular bilateral. Mencit jantan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan (ITB-M2, ITB-M4, dan ITB-M6) dengan total mencit 16 ekor. Injeksi busulfan rute intratestikular bilateral dengan dosis 6 mg/kg bb dapat mengakibatkan penurunan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada testis. Busulfan memiliki efek pada penurunan viabilitas spermatozoa dan berat testis 2 minggu setelah injeksi, serta penurunan motilitas dan konsentrasi spermatozoa 6 minggu setelah injeksi., Infertility in males is the inability to fertilize due to low sperm quality, affecting the gonads through hormonal changes and metabolic conditions. Other factors that can cause reproductive disorders and infertility in humans are caused by unhealthy behavior and long-term use of anti-cancer drugs. One of the cancer drugs is busulfan, which has the effect of inhibiting the development of spermatogonia. This study aims to identify the effect of busulfan on the characteristics of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis of mice (Mus musculus) after busulfan injection by the bilateral intratesticular route. Male mice were divided into two groups: a control group and a treatment group (ITB-M2, ITB-M4, and ITB-M6) with a total of 16 mice. A bilateral intratesticular injection of busulfan at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the testicular. Busulfan had an effect on reducing spermatozoa viability and testicular weight 2 weeks after injection, then decreasing spermatozoa motility and concentration 6 weeks after injection.
Keyword: bilateral intratesticular, busulfan, cauda, infertility, spermatozoa

Judul: Fertility Evaluation after Intraperitoneal Busulfan Injection on Mice (Mus musculus) as Infertility Animal Model
Abstrak: Kajian mengenai penanganan infertilitas masih belum banyak dilakukan akibat keterbatasan jumlah dan jenis hewan model infertilitas. Pembuatan hewan model infertilitas dapat dilakukan dengan induksi busulfan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh busulfan terhadap testis dan kualitas spermatozoa kauda epididimis pada kelompok mencit dalam pembuatan hewan model infertilitas. Sebanyak 16 ekor mencit jantan dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok perlakuan waktu (kontrol, IP-2, IP-4, dan IP-6). Mencit diinjeksikan dengan busulfan melalui rute intraperitoneal dengan dosis 40 mg/kg, kecuali kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Testis dan suspensi spermatozoa kauda epididimis. dikoleksi pada minggu ke-0 (kontrol), 2 (IP-2), 4 (IP-4), dan 6 (IP-6) setelah injeksi busulfan. Konsentrasi, motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas dievaluasi, kemudian hasil pemeriksaan diolah menggunakan metode Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Busulfan menurunkan (p<0,05) bobot testis pada IP-2 dan IP4. Motilitas dan konsentrasi spermatozoa menurun signifikan pada IP-6, sedangkan viabilitas menurun signifikan pada IP-4. Busulfan tidak memengaruhi abnormalitas spermatozoa secara nyata. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa busulfan memengaruhi bobot testis dan kualitas spermatozoa pada waktu yang berbeda., Studies on infertility treatment are still not widely carried out due to the lack of number and type of animal models. Animal models of infertility can be created by using busulfan. This study aims to determine the effect of busulfan on the testis and quality of cauda epididimal spermatozoa in mice. Sixteen male mice were divided into four groups (control, IP-2, IP-4, and IP-6). Mice from IP groups were injected intraperitoneally with busulfan at a dose of 40 mg/kg, except control group. Testes and cauda epididymal sperm collected at week 0 (control), 2 (IP-2), 4 (IP-4), and 6 (IP-6) after busulfan injection. The sperm concentration, motility, viability, and abnormality were evaluated and the examination results were analysed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further with Duncan's test. Injection of busulfan significantly reduced testicular weight (p<0.05) in the IP-2 and IP-4 groups. Sperm motility and concentration decreased significantly in the IP-6 group, while viability decreased significantly in IP-4 group. Busulfan does not affect sperm abnormality in all groups. In conclusion, busulfan affects testicular weight and sperm quality at different times.
Keyword: sperm quality, animal model, busulfan, infertility, intraperitoneal

Judul: Identifikasi Daun Shorea menggunakan KNN berdasarkan Komponen Warna dengan Praproses Discrete Wavelet Transform
Abstrak: A member of the Dipterocarpaceae family, Shorea, is the most commercially valuable timber. Shorea is difficult to be identified because of their similarity and hundreds of Shorea genus. This research developed a system to identify Shorea leaves using K-Nearest Neighbour (KNN) based on colour components. Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) is used as the preprocessing technique. Each component of G and V gave the best average accuracy of 80% by using eight level decomposition of DWT.
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