Judul: Keragaman Genetik Kapulasan (Nephelium Ramboutan-Ake) Di Kabupaten Sukabumi Dan Ciamis Berdasarkan Marka Ssr Dan Issr
Abstrak: Kapulasan (Nephelium ramboutan-ake (Labill.) Leenh) adalah kerabat dekat rambutan (N. lappaceum L.). Kedua spesies menghasilkan buah yang hampir sama, tetapi buah kapulasan memiliki kulit buah keras dan tebal serta tidak memiliki rambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan keragaman genetik kapulasan di Kabupaten Sukabumi dan Ciamis dengan menggunakan marka SSR dan ISSR. Sebanyak 27 individu kapulasan ditemukan dari tiga lokasi yaitu di Kecamatan Cibadak, Cijeungjing (Sukabumi) dan Kecamatan Ciamis (Ciamis). DNA dari semua individu yang ditemukan berhasil diamplifikasi dengan dua pasang primer SSR yaitu LMLY6 dan LMLY12, dan dua primer ISSR, ISSR 1 dan ISSR 3. Kapulasan mempunyai tingkat polimorfisme yang tinggi pada keempat primer yang diuji, 88.88% dari primer LMLY6, 96.29% dari primer LMLY12, 92.59% dari primer ISSR 1 dan 88.88% dari primer ISSR 3. Nilai persentase lokus polimorfik tertinggi menggunakan marka SSR adalah pada Kecamatan Ciamis yaitu 62.50% dan terendah pada Kecamatan Cibadak yaitu 37.50% serta menggunakan marka ISSR terbesar pada Kecamatan Cibadak yaitu 84.21% dan terendah pada Kecamatan Ciamis yaitu 47.37%. Analisis gerombol berdasarkan data SSR dan ISSR menggunakan indeks similaritas simple maching dan metode UPGMA mengelompokkan semua individu kapulasan dalam dua kelompok utama, tetapi individu dari lokasi berbeda mengelompok bersama. Tingkat keragaman genetik dalam populasi jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan keragaman antar populasi. Hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa tanaman kapulasan adalah tanaman menyerbuk silang.
Keyword: Nephelium ramboutan-ake, SSR, ISSR, keragaman genetik

Judul: Keragaman Genetik Kerabat Rambutan Liar (Nephelium spp.) di Kabupaten Sanggau, Kalimantan Barat berdasarkan Marka SSR dan ISSR.
Abstrak: Wild rambutans (Nephelium spp.) are members of Sapindaceae that produce edible fruit. This study aimed to determine the genetic diversity of wild rambutan from district Sanggau, West Kalimantan based on SSR and ISSR markers. Plant materials were colected from five subdistricts, Bonti, Jangkang, Parindu, Mukok and Kapuas, district Sanggau, West Kalimantan. There were four species and five varieties of wild rambutans in West Kalimantan, namely N. cuspidatum, N. lappaceum, N. rubescens, and N. uncinatum. The genetic diversity of wild rambutans in West Kalimantan is high. The highest genetic diversity based on SSR markers was found in Jangkang (He=0,27) and the highest genetic diversity based on ISSR was found in Bonti (He=0,18). Cluster analysis using Simple Matching (SM) index and UPGMA method based on SSR and ISSR showed that there were high similarity among species of wild rambutans in district Sanggau, West Kalimantan with similarity index ranged 0,5 – 1,0.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), wild rambutan, SSR, Nephelium, ISSR, Genetic diversity

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: