Judul: Comparative Analysis of Pregnancy Diagnosis in Garut Ewe Using Transrectal and Transabdominal Ultrasonography Imaging
Abstrak: Early and accurate pregnancy diagnosis is crucial for effective sheep production. This study compared transrectal (TRUS) and transabdominal ultrasound (TAUS) for pregnancy diagnosis in 80 Garut ewes, that underwent both ultrasound methods. Overall pregnancy rate was 83.75%, distributed across early (28.4%), mid (35.8%), and late (35.8%) trimesters. Wilcoxon signed-rank test and Kappa statistic were used to assess fetal structure visibility and method agreement. Overall, TRUS achieved 100% success rates throughout all stages, while TAUS showed 10.5% rates in early pregnancy, increasing to 83.3% in mid and 95.8% in late stages. Statistical analysis (p=0.000) showed TAUS was ineffective in early stage, but there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in mid and late stages, indicating both methods could be used. Agreement between TRUS and TAUS for fetal parameters was low to moderate, with no strong agreement, indicating variability in diagnosis. Further studies with larger sample sizes are needed for definitive conclusions.
Keyword: pregnancy diagnosis, sheep, transabdominal, transrectal, USG

Judul: ultrasonographi, coccygeus, levator ani, reproduction, local beef cow
Abstrak: Teknologi ultrasonografi (USG) dengan metode nonivasif dapat mengidentifikasi perubahan otot perineal pada status reproduksi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencitrakan perubahan sonogram otot coccygeus dan levator ani berdasarkan pergantian status reproduksi pada induk sapi Bali, Madura, dan PO. Penelitian mengggunakan induk sapi Bali 59 ekor, Madura 75 ekor, dan PO 71 ekor. Penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, dengan menggunakan USG SIUI CTS-900V probe linear frekuensi 5 MHz. Tahap pertama adalah evaluasi induk dilakukan dengan metode transrektal pada organ reproduksi tidak bunting, bunting dan gangguan reproduksi dengan depth sonogram 63 mm serta pada organ reproduksi pascalahir depth 87 mm, serta seluruhnya dengan width 65 mm. Tahap ke-dua, pencitraan otot perineal melalui transkutan pada sudut pandang longitudinal dan transversal. Pencitraan USG diawali dengan membasahi dan mencukur rambut pada area kulit yang sejajar otot coccygeus dan levator ani, kemudian diberi gel selanjutnya dicitrakan. Format citra dengan depth 32 mm dan width 65 mm, bentuk file adalah JPG. Hasil penelitian didapatkan perubahan organ reproduksi tidak bunting menurunkan tebal gambaran ultrasonografi otot perineal ani induk sapi Bali, Madura dan PO. Perubahan organ reproduksi bunting meningkatkan tebal gambaran ultrasonografi otot perineal sapi Bali dan Madura. Perubahan organ reproduksi pascalahir menurunkan tebal gambaran ultrasonografi otot perineal induk sapi Bali dan Madura. Perubahan organ gangguan reproduksi pyometra dan endometritis meningkatkan tebal gambaran ultrasonografi otot perineal induk sapi Bali dan Madura. Perubahan organ reproduksi tidak bunting, bunting, dan pascalahir menurunkan intensitas gambaran ultrasonografi otot perineal induk sapi Bali dan Madura akan tetapi meningkat pada induk sapi PO. Perubahan organ gangguan pyometra meningkatkan intensitas gambaran ultrasonografi otot perineal induk sapi Bali dan Madura akan tetapi menurun pada induk sapi PO. Perubahan organ gangguan endometritis meningkatkan intensitas gambaran ultrasonografi otot perineal induk sapi Bali tetapi menurun pada induk sapi Madura dan PO. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa status dan kesehatan organ reproduksi memengaruhi tebal dan intensitas otot perineal pada sapi Bali, Madura dan PO.
Keyword: ultrasonographi, coccygeus, levator ani, reproduction, local beef cow

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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