Judul: Effectiveness Test of Watery Rose Apple Leaves  Decoction (Syzygium samarangense Blume) as Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus  musculus)
Abstrak: Tanaman jambu air telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat herbal dalam mengatasi penyakit, akan tetapi belum ada penelitian mengenai aktivitas antidiare pada tanaman ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antidiare dari daun jambu air dengan dua metode yakni metode proteksi intestinal dan transit intestinal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit jantan yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan: kelompok kontrol positif (Loperamide HCl), kelompok kontrol negatif (Tween-80 [1%]), dan empat kelompok perlakuan dekok daun jambu air dengan konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100%. Parameter yang diamati pada metode proteksi intestinal yaitu frekuensi defekasi dan konsistensi feses, sedangkan pada metode transit intestinal yaitu rasio lintasan penanda usus. Berdasarkan kedua metode tersebut, dekok daun jambu air dengan konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% mempunyai aktivitas antidiare. Dekok daun jambu air dengan konsentrasi 12,5% menunjukkan aktivitas antidiare yang paling efektif., Watery rose apple plants have been widely used as herbal medicine in overcoming diseases, but there has been no research on the antidiarrheal activity of this plant. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal activity of watery rose apple leaves with two methods, namely intestinal protection and intestinal transit methods. This study used 30 male mice which were divided into six treatment groups : the positive control group (Loperamide HCl), the negative control group (Tween-80 1%), and four treatment groups of watery rose apple leaf decoction with concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. The parameters observed for intestinal protection method were defecation frequency and stool consistency, while for intestinal transit method intestinal were marker passage ratio. Based on both methods, watery rose apple leaves decoction with concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% had antidiarrheal activity. Watery rose apple leaves decoction with a concentration of 12.5% showed the most effective antidiarrheal activity.
Keyword: antidiarrheal, intestinal protection, intestinal transit, watery rose apple

Judul: Effectiveness of Cashew Leaf Infusa (Anacardium occidentale L.) as Antidiarrhoea in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dengan angka kesakitan serta kematian yang masih tinggi. Pengobatan diare dapat diobati menggunakan bahan alami, salah satunya adalah tanaman jambu mete. Jambu mete merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh di Indonesia dan memiliki berbagai manfaat terutama dalam bidang kesehatan. Daun jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) secara empiris telah digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat diare. Penelitian ilmiah terkait infusa daun jambu mete sebagai antidiare belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas infusa daun jambu mete sebagai obat antidiare dan kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dalam daun jambu mete. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit sebagai hewan coba yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol negatif (Tween 80 1%), kelompok kontrol positif (loperamid HCl), dan 3 kelompok infusa daun jambu mete konsentrasi bertingkat 25%, 50%, dan 100%. Variabel yang diamati dalam metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi buang air besar, konsistensi tinja, onset, durasi, dan waktu persembuhan diare. Hasil pengujian fitokimia infusa daun jambu mete menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil penelitian dari metode proteksi intestinal menunjukkan efek antidiare pada semua konsentrasi infusa daun jambu mete. Konsentrasi terbaik sebagai antidiare ditunjukkan oleh infusa dengan konsentrasi 100%., Diarrheal diseases are a major health problem in Indonesia with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cashew is a plant that grows in Indonesia and has various benefits, especially in the health sector. According to experience cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.) are used by the population as a medicine against diarrhea. There is no scientific research on cashew leaf infusa as an antidiarrheal. The aim of this study isto determine the efficacy of cashew leaf infusa as an antidiarrheal and the content of secondary metabolites in cashew leaves. For this study, 30 mice were used as experimental animals, which were divided into 5 groups. The treatment groups consisted of negative control (Tween 80 1%), a positive control group (loperamid HCl), and 3 groups of cashew leaf infusa at graded concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. The variables observed in the intestinal protection method were frequency of defecation, stool consistency, onset, duration, and recovery time of diarrhea. The results of the phytochemical investigation of cashew leaf infusa showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The results of the intestinal protection method showed antidiarrheal effects at all concentrations of cashew leaf infusa. Infusa showed the best antidiarrheal effect at a concentration of 100%.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, daun jambu mete

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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