Judul: Peranan Pemimpin, Kohesi Sosial Dan Keberhasilan Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Di Pedesaan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan gaya kepemimpinan tokoh pemimpin dengan tingkat kohesi sosial yang ada pada masyarakat dalam pelaksanaan program pemberdayaan. Adapun kohesi sosial tersebut dianalisis hubungannya terhadap keberhasilan program pemberdayaan. Program pemberdayaan dalam penelitian ini adalah program air bersih PLPBK dimana program pemberdayaan yang menekankan masyarakat atau warga komunitas untuk terlibat secara partisipatif dari tahap perencanaan hingga keberlanjutan program. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara survey dan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu cluster random sampling. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 60 responden dengan mengambil masingmasing 15 responden di empat wilayah bak-bak penampungan dari program air bersih PLPBK. Hasil penelitian menunjukan gaya kepemimpinan tokoh pemimpin tidak mempunyai korelasi pada tingkat kohesi sosial warga komunitas. Akan tetapi, tingkat kohesi sosial warga komunitas memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan dalam keberhasilan program air bersih PLPBK.
Keyword: gaya kepemimpinan, kohesi sosial, partisipasi, pemberdayaan masyarakat

Judul: Gaya Kepemimpinan Tokoh Informal dan Tingkat Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Program Desa Mandiri
Abstrak: Beberapa penelitian menunjukkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam program Demapan relatif rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan gaya kepemimpinan tokoh informal dengan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam program Demapan dan menganalisis faktor apa saja yang berhubungan dengan tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam program Demapan. Metode penelitian ini adalah survey dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Penelitian ini bertumpu pada analisis teori tentang gaya kepemimpinan tokoh informal yang efektif meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dalam program Demapan adalah demokratis. Faktor yang berhubungan positif dengan partisipasi masyarakat adalah usia peserta program, dukungan pemerintah dan kesesuaian sarana dan prasarana terutama peralatan usaha dan dukungan modal. Untuk meningkatkan keefektifan partisipasi masyarakat dalam program Demapan yaitu merubah gaya kepemimpinan tokoh informal yang cenderung laissez faire menjadi gaya kepemimpinan demokratis.
Keyword: Desa, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Partisipasi Masyarakat, Tokoh Informal

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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