Judul: The effect of biodiesel utilization in transportation sector to pollutant emission and external cost: case study Jakarta, Efek penggunaan biodiesel pada emisi polutan dan biaya eksternal di sector transportasi : studi kasus Jakarta
Abstrak: Biodiesel development in Indonesia has been started since more than ten years ago but gained significant milestones in 2006 when the Indonesian government issued formally blending permit regulation of 10% biodiesel with mineral diesel fuel and PERTAMINA (Mineral oil State owned company) launched biodiesel blend B5 formally at public gasoline station with the trade name of BIOSOLAR. To continue reducing Indonesia’s dependency on fossil resources for its energy source and to improve the air quality level in its major cities, PERTAMINA has been expanding BIOSOLAR market at almost all fuel outlets in Java and will continuously open outlets in all parts of Indonesia. Moreover, the state owned company will increase the blending content at least up to B20 in 2025 as stated on President Decree No. 5/2006 regarding the National Energy Policy. Despite efforts by the government and Pertamina, broader commercialization of biodiesel in Indonesia could not achieve its target. The most significant hurdle found is its cost. In addition, the consumers mostly still consider the fuel price in selecting the fuel for their cars. Fluctuation of biodiesel price which is usually higher than that of mineral diesel and lack of subsidy given to biodiesel cause the price of biodiesel blend fuel is often higher than the standard mineral diesel fuel. On the other hand, the advantages of biodiesel such as a renewable energy, lower exhaust gas emission and effect to the longer engine life time is often ignored. Overcoming these drawbacks is by imposing the “polluter pay principle” which would internalize as many of the externalities. Having derived monetary values to reflect the external costs of differing technologies, the next step is to devise a mechanism for “internalizing” them into market pricBiodiesel development in Indonesia has been started since more than ten years ago but gained significant milestones in 2006 when the Indonesian government issued formally blending permit regulation of 10% biodiesel with mineral diesel fuel and PERTAMINA (Mineral oil State owned company) launched biodiesel blend B5 formally at public gasoline station with the trade name of BIOSOLAR. To continue reducing Indonesia’s dependency on fossil resources for its energy source and to improve the air quality level in its major cities, PERTAMINA has been expanding BIOSOLAR market at almost all fuel outlets in Java and will continuously open outlets in all parts of Indonesia. Moreover, the state owned company will increase the blending content at least up to B20 in 2025 as stated on President Decree No. 5/2006 regarding the National Energy Policy. Despite efforts by the government and Pertamina, broader commercialization of biodiesel in Indonesia could not achieve its target. The most significant hurdle found is its cost. In addition, the consumers mostly still consider the fuel price in selecting the fuel for their cars. Fluctuation of biodiesel price which is usually higher than that of mineral diesel and lack of subsidy given to biodiesel cause the price of biodiesel blend fuel is often higher than the standard mineral diesel fuel. On the other hand, the advantages of biodiesel such as a renewable energy, lower exhaust gas emission and effect
Keyword: Impact Pathway Analysis (IPA), Dispersion, Biosolar, Air Pollution, National Energy Diversification

Judul: Perumusan Kebijakan Biodiesel Kelapa Sawit dengan Menggunakan Metode Regulatory Impact Analysis dan Model Sistem Dinamis
Abstrak: Indonesia has strongh commitment to develop biodiesel. This commitment has been proved by issuing several government’s policy in the form of regulations to develop biodiesel. So that the development of biodiesel has legal force politically. One of the latest policy issued by the government is the Ministerial Regulation from Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) of the Republic of Indonesia Number 12 of 2015. This regulation is the third revision of Regulation of ESDM Number 32 of 2008 that concerning the provision, use, and administration of biofuels as other energy. Before that, regulation of ESDM Number 32 of 2008 has revised by Regulation of ESDM Number 25 of 2012 and ESDM Number 20 of 2014. The core content of the Regulation of ESDM Number 12 of 2015 is mandatory in PSO and non PSO transportation, industry and bussiness, and power plant sector to use biofuels as a mixture of fuel with a certain mixture composition from 2015 to 2025 The implementation of biodiesel regulation in practice actually has many problems. Several of earlier research mentioned that contribution or target to use biodiesel as a mixture of diesel fuel was not achieved. This research provides required condition analysis, policy scenario design, and formulation of a policy to meet the target of the obligation to use biodiesel as a mixture of diesel fuel according to the Ministry Regulation of Energy and Mineral Resources of Republic Indonesia Number 12 of 2015. The current government policy is a disincentive CPO; granting relief loan repayment (interest) for the biodiesel plant investment, exemption or tax relief on entry to the technology or equipment biodiesel plant investment; mixture diesel fuel and biodiesel subsidy of IDR 1000 per liter. The simulation results describe the current government policy to support the achievement of the use of biodiesel as a mixture of diesel fuel will not be able to meet the target of achieving the use of biodiesel as a mixture of diesel fuel. The target use of palm oil biodiesel as a mixture of diesel, require additional support policies or conditions by increasing the rate of production capacity of biodiesel, biodiesel incentives, increase land productivity of palm oil, biodiesel subsidies minimal changes over IDR 1250 per liter for 7% interest rate and IDR 1350 per liter for 9% interest rate.
Keyword: Biodiesel, policy, palm oil, simulation

Judul: Konstruksi aritmetika kurva eliptik F(2m) supersingular dan non-supersingular untuk skema kunci publik ElGamal
Abstrak: Algoritme ElGamal adalah salah satu algoritme kunci publik dengan aritmetik modular p yang mempunyai struktur grip siklik Z(p). Tingkat keanaman algoritme ini terletak pada pemecahan masalah logaritme diskret dari Z(p). Akan tetapi, tingkat keamanan tadi tahun ke tahun semakin menurun yang disebabkan kemampuan pemecahan algoritme diskret semakin meningkat. Untuk memenuhi tingkat keamanan yang memadai dibutuhkan p yang cukup besar yang menyebabkan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi menjadi lambat.
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