Judul: Strategy of Improvement Advertising Revenue Income Tax In Bogor Regency.
Abstrak: Bogor Regency has a very strategic location, as the buffer zone and offset (counter magnet) of the capital Jakarta. Grow and develop potential social and economic activities and prospektik. Development activities in Bogor District will increase which means funds that must be collected by the Bogor regency government must more and more, so that required excavation and development of the area and potential revenue sources to support the implementation of development programs to meet all the needs of the region. To increase revenue, the local government needs to know the potential of local taxes. Potential taxes are not always reflected in tax revenue. And potential tax revenue linked by local revenue systems and procedures. Systems and procedures as well as any revenue, if the tax potential is not calculated correctly then the actual revenues will not be optimal. From the calculation of the growth trend in the local tax realization Bogor regency there are 3 types of local taxes top the average realization growth of the Parking Tax (45, 33%), Advertisement Tax (27.45%) and Taxes (17 , 89%). This is a trend that is quite positive for Bogor regency. But this positive trend must have been influenced by the local tax potential remains to be excavated and maximized by the Bogor regency government so necessary to study strategies increase revenues from advertisement tax in Bogor regency. The main objective of this research is to analyze how to improve the advertising tax in Bogor regency administration in order to support the financing of development and governance and to address the primary objective, the specific objectives of this study is to analyze the factors that influence the potential of advertisement tax revenue, reviewing management organization of advertisement tax is implemented, analyzed the taxpayer perceptions of the advertisement tax and revenue enhancement strategy billboard tax in Bogor regency. The data used are secondary data times series. Data was analyzed by descriptive quantitative and qualitative. Quantitative analysis is used to analyze the factors that influence the acceptance of advertisement tax. The analytical method used is a regression method, the calculation of Efficiency and 6 Effectiveness taxes. As for the design of this research program using Analysis IFE, EFE and IE, SWOT Analysis and Analysis QSPM. Results of the discussion, in the realization of the tax revenue target advertisements Bogor regency government always exceed the achievement of the targets set each year, with the exception of 2006, when the realization is not achieved then the effective rate also decreased and the percentage of tax efficiency at the Bogor Regency advertisement in 2000 - 2012 looks good and the smaller the ratio efficiency means that the performance of the Bogor regency government for the better collection of advertisement tax. Based on the partial test table, budget, number of employees, regulatory and tax payers have a significant impact on tax revenue billboard on the real level of 10%. This is because the p value is less than 0.1 to reject H0. Constraints faced in collecting data on the potential of the advertisement tax is the lack of accurate data
Keyword: Strategy, Regional Revenue, Advertising Tax

Judul: Strategi Optimalisasi Penerimaan Pajak Restoran di Kota Bogor.
Abstrak: Wujud dari otonomi daerah memberikan kewenangan yang lebih luas bagi pemerintah daerah untuk mengatur dan mengelola urusan pemerintahan serta menggali sumber PAD baik melalui pajak daerah maupun retribusi daerah. Salah satu pajak daerah adalah pajak restoran yang merupakan sumber penerimaan potensial yang perlu dikembangkan seiring dengan perkembangan restoran di Kota Bogor. Permasalahannya masih terdapat beberapa restoran yang belum menjadi wajib pajak sehingga masih terdapat potensi penerimaan pajak restoran. Hal ini menyebabkan adanya kesalahan dalam menetapkan target pajak restoran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi pajak restoran, mengkaji kinerja pajak restoran, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penerimaan pajak restoran dan menyusun strategi optimalisasi penerimaan pajak restoran di Kota Bogor. Data yang digunakan berasal dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari survei dan wawancara terhadap pihak pemerintah daerah dan pihak restoran. Pemilihan responden pemerintah daerah dilakukan secara sengaja dan kepada pihak restoran secara acak bertingkat pada restoran yang telah wajib pajak dan bukan wajib pajak di Kota Bogor. Data sekunder berasal dari pemerintah daerah khususnya Bapenda, BPS dan beberapa literatur. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu estimasi potensi pajak restoran, rasio efektifitas, rasio pertumbuhan, rasio kontribusi, analisis ECM serta analisis matriks IFAS, EFAS, IE, analisis SWOT dan analisis QSPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pemkot Bogor mempunyai potensi pajak restoran pada tahun 2016 sebesar 122 milyar rupiah, kinerja penerimaan pajak restoran di Kota Bogor selama tahun 2005-2016 menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata tingkat efektivitas pajak restoran melebihi target pajak restoran, rata-rata laju pertumbuhan masih perlu ditingkatkan jika dibandingkan dengan pajak lain pada sektor pariwisata. Rata-rata kontribusi pajak restoran terhadap pajak daerah dan PAD paling besar jika dibandingkan dengan pajak lain pada sektor pariwisata. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa penerimaan pajak restoran dipengaruhi oleh variabel pertumbuhan ekonomi, jumlah wisatawan dan jumlah restoran sedangkan variabel inflasi tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan pada model jangka panjang. Pada model jangka pendek penerimaan pajak restoran hanya dipengaruhi oleh jumlah wisatawan. Perumusan strategi yang dihasilkan dari analisa adalah meningkatkan manajemen pengelolaan pajak restoran dalam rangka pelayanan prima dan transparansi, menambah kualitas dan kuantitas SDM yang ditunjang penambahan sarana prasarana memadai, meningkatkan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan secara berkala untuk meningkatkan kesadaran masyarakat serta meningkatkan promosi wisata kuliner Kota Bogor untuk menarik minat wisatawan
Keyword: Kota Bogor, Pajak Restoran, Pendapatan Asli Daerah, Strategi

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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