Judul: Characterization of Cellulase from Marine Fungi RS6A and Its Application for Hydrolysis of Kappaphycus alvarezii
Abstrak: Hidrolisis secara enzimatis diketahui memiliki keunggulan diantaranya yaitu secara spesifik menghasilkan oligosakarida, ramah lingkungan dan tidak berpotensi meninggalkan residu toksik. Kapang RS6A dimanfaatkan dalam proses hidrolisis rumput laut K. alvarezii sebagai penghasil enzim selulase untuk memisahkan komponen lignoselulosa dan oligosakarida. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh perbedaan waktu inkubasi dan konsentrasi CMC terhadap aktivitas selulase, menentukan waktu inkubasi dan konsentrasi CMC terbaik untuk produksi enzim selulase dan menentukan waktu hidrolisis rumput laut K. alvarezii menggunakan enzim selulase dari isolat kapang RS6A. Analisis data aktivitas selulase yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dua faktor. Konsentrasi sumber karbon dan waktu inkubasi yang menghasilkan aktivitas selulase optimum yaitu CMC 2% dan inkubasi enam hari. Ekstrak kasar selulase memiliki aktivitas selulase optimum sebesar 0,071±0,001 U/mL, aktivitas endoglukanase sebesar 0,197±0,035 U/mL, dan aktivitas spesifik selulase sebesar 0,088±0,009 U/mg. Hidrolisis selama 3 jam menghasilkan persentase hidrolisis selulosa sebesar 73% dan persentase hidrolisis lignin sebesar 4,8%., Enzymatic hydrolysis potentially offers many advantages, such as specific hydrolysis resulting in the production of target oligosaccharides, environmentally friendly and without produce toxic residual molecules. Fungi RS6A was applied in the hydrolysis of algae K. alvarezii as a cellulase enzyme producer to separated lignocellulose and oligosaccharide. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of differences in incubation time and concentration of CMC on cellulase activity, determine the best incubation time and concentration of CMC for cellulase enzyme production and determine the hydrolysis time of K. Alvarezii. Data analysis of cellulase used in this research was completely randomized factorial design with two factors. The incubation time for 6 days and treatment of 2% CMC showed the highest cellulase activity of 0.071±0.001 U/mL, the highest endoglucanase activity of 0.197±0.035 U/mL and the highest specific cellulase activity of 0.088±0.009 U/mg. Hydrolysis for 3 hours showed cellulose hydrolysis degree of 73% and lignin hydrolysis degree was 4.8%.
Keyword: cellulase, hydrolysis, marine fung

Judul: Karakterisasi Enzim Selulase dan Aplikasinya pada Substrat Limbah Pertanian
Abstrak: Cellulose is the most abundant plant cell walls. Lignocellulolytic are consist of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Degradation of cellulose involves a complex interplay between different cellulolytic enzymes. Among others, it has been widely accepted that three types of cellulases including endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases act synergistically to convert cellulose to glucose. This study was aimed to characterized cellulase enzyme which produced by cellulolytic bacteria from soil and applied it on agricultural waste such as rice straw, corn cob and banana peel. Qualitative analysis have done on 9 isolates cellulolytic bacteria to know the highest cellulolytic index by using congo red 0.1%. From 9 isolates, 1 isolate have IS 1.75. Quantitative analysis showed isolate 6-2 has the highest cellulase activity of 0.005U/ml. Highest activity of cellulase enzyme from isolate 6-2 resulted on bufer pH 7 and 40oC. Cellulase activity of isolate 6-2 was stable for 75 minutes. Isolate 6-2 has relatively low cellulase activities in CMC as it has small enzyme activity in degrading substrates of agriculture waste. The cellulose enzyme activity on ricestraw resulted 0.007U/ml, corncob resulted 0.008U/ml, and bananapeel resulted 0.013U/ml. Isolate 6-2, gram positive bacteria can degrade cellulose by using cellulase enzyme. On the application cellulase enzyme activity on bananapeel was higher than the others.
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Judul: Bird Trade Via E-commerce in Indonesia
Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi mempermudah perdagangan satwa liar, termasuk burung. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi jenis burung yang diperdagangkan, mengkategorikan produk yang dijual, kota dan kabupaten di Indonesia yang paling banyak menjual, serta menduga nilai ekonomi burung yang diperdagangkan secara daring melalui e-commerce. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 4 bulan melalui web scraping dengan mengumpulkan informasi seperti nama toko, barang yang dijual (perlengkapan, obat, awetan satwa, aksesoris, dan replika burung), asal, dan barang yang terjual. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 411 jenis burung yang dijual dengan pembagian 211 jenis burung Indonesia dan 161 jenis burung asing di 32 daerah di Indonesia. Ordo Passeriformes menjadi jenis burung dominan dengan total penjualan 152 jenis burung endemik dan 69 jenis burung asing. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 47 jenis burung dilindungi oleh permen LHK No. 106 Tahun 2018, 32 jenis burung masuk kategori IUCN (8 VU, 16 EN, dan 8 CR), serta 66 jenis burung masuk status konservasi CITES (12 App. I, 49 App. II, dan 5 App. III). Total ekonomi yang didapatkan adalah Rp2.079.824.611 dari tahun 2015 hingga 2023., Technological advances make it easier to trade wild animals, including birds. This research identifies the types of birds traded, categorizes the products sold, the cities and districts in Indonesia that sell the most, and estimates the economic value of birds traded online through e-commerce. Data collection was carried out for 4 months via web scraping by collecting information such as shop name, goods sold (equipment, medicine, preserved animals, accessories, and bird replicas), origin, and goods sold. Based on the research results, there are 411 types of birds for sale, divided into 211 types of Indonesian birds and 161 types of foreign birds in 32 regions of Indonesia. The Passeriformes order is the dominant bird species, with total sales of 152 endemic bird species and 69 foreign bird species. The analysis results show that there are 47 bird species protected by LHK regulation no. 106 of 2018, 32 bird species are included in the IUCN category (8 VU, 16 EN, and 8 CR), and 66 bird species are included in CITES conservation status (12 App. I, 49 App. II, and 5 App. III). The total economic gain is IDR 2.079.824.611 from 2015 to 2023.
Keyword: burung, nilai ekonomi, perdagangan