Judul: Reef Fish Community Structure in Different Conservation Zones in the Eastern Seram Islands
Abstrak: Penetapan Kawasan Konservasi dapat mencegah hal tersebut yang diakibatkan oleh aktivitas manusia. Kegiatan aktivitas yang dilakukan pada zona perikanan tangkap dan budidaya perikanan di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan dapat menyebabkan adanya ancaman kerusakan yang dialami oleh ekosistem terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur komunitas ikan karang dan kaitannya dengan zonasi pengelolaan konservasi di Kepulauan Seram Bagian Timur. Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 30 September – 7 Oktober 2023 di Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Seram Bagian Timur. Pengambilan data karang dan ikan menggunakan metode underwater visual census dengan pencatatan ikan yang berada di dalam transek. Ikan karang yang paling banyak ditemukan pada Zona Inti dan Zona Budidaya adalah famili Caesionidae, sedangkan pada Zona Perikanan adalah famili Pomacentridae. Terlihat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelimpahan pada setiap zonasi. Struktur komunitas ikan karang di memiliki keanekaragaman sedang, sebaran taksa yang merata dan tidak terjadi dominansi., Establishing Conservation Areas can prevent these things caused by human activities. Activities carried out in capture fisheries and aquaculture zones in Marine Protected Areas can pose a threat of damage to coral reef ecosystems. This research aims to examine the structure of coral fish communities and their relationship with conservation management zoning in the Eastern Seram Islands. The research was carried out on 30 September – 7 October 2023 in the Eastern Seram Marine Conservation Area. Coral and fish data collection uses the underwater visual census method by recording fish on transects. The coral fish most commonly found in the Core Zone and Cultivation Zone are the Caesionidae family, while in the Fishery Zone they are the Pomacentridae family. There were significant differences between abundance in each zone. The structure of the reef fish community has moderate diversity, an even distribution of taxa and no dominance.
Keyword: ikan karang, reef fish

Judul: Detection of Reef Fish Communities Using  Environmental DNA in the Core Zone Area of Seribu Islands National Park
Abstrak: Ikan merupakan taksa terbesar dari hewan vertebrata yang bersimbiosis dengan terumbu karang. Ikan terumbu memegang peranan penting sebagai grazer yang mengontrol pertumbuhan alga, mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting dalam bidang perikanan, dan sebagai daya tarik bagi para wisatawan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur komunitas ikan terumbu di kawasan Zona Inti Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu menggunakan DNA lingkungan (eDNA). Metode eDNA telah berkembang dan banyak digunakan dalam pemantauan keanekaragaman hayati laut. Penelitian ini berhasil mendeteksi ~40.081 paired-end sekuens dari empat lokasi penelitian. Sebanyak 46 spesies dari 33 genus teridentifikasi sebagai ikan terumbu. Penelitian ini berhasil mendeteksi kelompok ikan mayor dan target, namun ikan indikator tidak terdeteksi. Ikan carnivore mendominasi di seluruh lokasi penelitian sedangkan ikan herbivore paling sedikit ditemukan di penelitian ini. Lokasi penelitian memiliki nilai indeks keanekaragaman yang sedang, keseragaman yang tinggi, dan dominansi yang rendah., Fish are the largest group of vertebrate animals that live alongside coral reefs. They are essential in coral reef ecosystems, as they graze on algae, have economic value in fisheries, as well as being attractions for tourists. This study aims to determine the community structure of reef fish in the Core Zone Area of Seribu Islands National Park using the Environmental DNA (eDNA) method. The eDNA method has evolved and is widely employed in monitoring marine biodiversity. This study detected ~40,081 paired-end read sequences from four study sites. A total of 46 species from 33 genera were identified as reef fish. The highest species and family richness were found in East Peteloran, with 23 species from 14 reef fish families. This study successfully identified major and target fish groups but did not find any indicator groups. Carnivorous fish dominated all study sites, while herbivorous fish were least found in this study. The study sites showed moderate diversity, high evenness, and low dominance.
Keyword: Community structure, Environmental DNA, Diversity, Reef Fish

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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