Judul: The Activity of Cavendish Banana Infusion as Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Traditional plant medicine has been used by the Indonesian community in treating diarrhea. Unripe Cavendish banana is one of the traditional plants believed to be effective in treating diarrhea, as it contains tannins, flavonoids, saponins, and pectin. This study investigated the antidiarrheal effect of Cavendish banana infusion in mice (Mus musculus). A total of 25 mice were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, 100%, 75%, and 50% concentration of Cavendish banana infusion. Two methods were used: the intestinal protection method and the intestinal transit method. In the intestinal protection method, mice were given different treatments orally according to their groups and observed for four hours. The parameters are fecal frequency and consistency. In the intestinal transit method, mice were treated according to their groups and their intestines were analyzed for the ratio of the marker path length. ANOVA one-way and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. The 50% and 75% concentrations of unripe Cavendish banana infusion have an effect as an antidiarrheal drug. The 50% concentration of Cavendish banana infusion showed the best antidiarrheal effect among the three groups of different concentrations of Cavendish banana infusion., Pengobatan tradisional dengan menggunakan tanaman telah digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia dalam mengobati diare. Pisang Cavendish yang belum matang adalah salah satu tanaman tradisional yang dipercaya efektif dalam mengobati diare, karena mengandung tannin, flavonoid, saponin, dan pektin. Penelitian ini meneliti efek antidiare dari infusa pisang Cavendish pada mencit (Mus musculus). Sebanyak 25 mencit dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, 100%, 75%, dan 50% konsentrasi infusa pisang Cavendish. Dua metode digunakan: metode proteksi intestinal dan metode transit intestinal. Pada metode proteksi intestinal, mencit diberi perlakuan secara oral sesuai dengan kelompoknya dan diamati selama empat jam. Parameter yang diukur adalah frekuensi dan konsistensi feses. Pada metode transit intestinal, mencit diberi perlakuan sesuai dengan kelompoknya dan usus mereka dianalisis untuk rasio panjang jalur penanda. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) one way test dan uji Tukey digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Konsentrasi infusa pisang Cavendish 50% dan 75% memiliki efek sebagai obat antidiare. Konsentrasi 50% dari infusa pisang Cavendish menunjukkan efek antidiare terbaik di antara tiga kelompok konsentrasi infusa pisang Cavendish yang lain.
Keyword: antidiarrheal, Cavendish banana, infusion, antidiare, pisang Cavendish, infusa

Judul: Effectiveness of Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) Infusion As Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Diare adalah penyakit gastrointestinal yang umum terjadi pada berbagai spesies hewan, dengan implikasi yang signifikan terhadap kesehatan dan produktivitas hewan. Penelitian ini menyelidiki khasiat infusa daun cengkeh sebagai agen antidiare pada mencit (Mus musculus). Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 100%, 50%, dan 25%. Tahapan penelitian meliputi skrining fitokimia dan uji antidiare dengan methode proteksi intestinal. Mencit diberikan berbagai perlakuan secara oral berdasarkan pembagian kelompok pada metode proteksi usus dan dipantau selama 9 jam. Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode proteksi intestinal yakni frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, awal mula dan durasi diare. Analisis fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin pada ekstrak daun cengkeh. Uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji Tukey digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 25% dan 50% tidak efektif, sedangkan konsentrasi infusa daun cengkih 100% efektif sebagai antidiare pada mencit. Konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 100% terbukti efektif sebagai antidiare., Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal ailment affecting various animal species, with significant implications for animal health and productivity. This study investigates the efficacy of Clove leaves infusion as an antidiarrheal agent in mice (Mus musculus). A total of 30 mice were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, 100%, 50%, and 25% concentration of Clove leaves infusion. Intestinal protection methods and phytochemical screening test are used. Mice were orally administered various treatments based on group divisions in the intestinal protection method and monitored for 9 hours. The parameters used in the intestinal protection method are defecation frequency, stool consistency, and the onset and duration of diarrhea. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the Clove leaves extract. ANOVA one-way test and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. The result showed that 25% and 50% concentration of Clove leaves infusion are not effective while 100% concentration of Clove leaves infusion is effective as antidiarrheal in the mice. 100% concentration of Clove leaves infusion has show the effectiveness as an antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, mencit, antidiarrheal, infusion, mice, daun cengkeh, Clove leaves

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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