Judul: Desugarisasi Tetes Tebu dengan Menggunakan Resin Amberlite Ir - 120
Abstrak: Tetes tebu sebagai salah satu hasil samping pabrik gula mempunyai kandungan gula sekitar 60 persen bahan kering, sehingga memungkinkan untuk diolah menjadi gula kembali .
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Judul: Studi proses pembuatan gula cair dari bagas tebu dengan menggunakan asam dan enzim
Abstrak: Bagas tebu merupakan hasil samping pada industri gula tebu yang pemanfaatannya baru terbatas sebagai bahan bakar. Dengan kandungan selulosa bagas tebu yang cukup tinggi, ya- itu sekitar 45.24 persen (db), maka bagas tebu dapat diolah lebih lanjut menjadi produk-produk berserat dan bahan pa- ngan. Selulosa adalah polimer glukosa dengan ikatan B-1,4, yang jika dihidrolisis dapat dihasilkan gula. Proses hidrolisis dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan katalis asam atau enzim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi asam atau enzim dan lama hidrolisis terhadap beberapa sifat fisiko-kimia gula cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan terbaik untuk hidrolisis asam adalah pada konsentrasi asam 7.5 persen dan lama hidrolisis 10 menit yang memberikan kadar gula pereduksi 27.22 mg/ml, kadar bahan kering 6.83 persen, ekuivalen dekstrosa (DE) 38.50, tingkat sakarifikasi 42.85 persen dan indeks absorbansi 2.22 mili absorbansi unit (mau). Sedangkan perlakuan terbaik pada hidrolisis enzimatis adalah pada konsentrasi enzim 2.5 persen dan l ma hidrolisis 72 jam yang memberikan kadar gula pereduksi 49.41 mg/ml, kadar bahan kering 7.25 persen, DE 66.15, tingkat sakarifikasi 96.25 persen dan indeks absorbansi 3.38 mau.
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates