Judul: Pengaruh Krisis Ekonomi Terhadap Harga Jual Dan Jumlah Permintaan Kayu Gergajian Jati (Tectonn grandis L.F) Produksi Penggergajian Mesin Saradan Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Krisis ekonomi di negara-negara Asia khususnya Indonesia mulai terjadi pada bulan Juli tahun 1997. Krisis ekonomi dimulai dengan melemahnya nilai tukar mata uang rupiah terhadap mata uang dollar Amerika selanjutnya terjadi kenaikan harga bahan baku dan bahan pembantu yang masih tergantung dari impor, kenaikan bahan untuk pemeliharaan alat, pemutusan hubungan kerja dan penurunan permintaan terhadap suatu produk. Menurut laporan majalan bulanan ITTO (Il~ternatioi~al Tropical Timber Orgmzizatiot~)h, arga kayu gergajian Indonesia jenis Meranti lebih tinggi pada saat tejadinya krisis ekonomi yaitu > Rp 730.075/m3 dibandingkan pada saat sebelum krisis ekonomi yaitu Rp 649.600/m3.
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Judul: Analisis permintaan dan penawaran kayu gergajian Indonesia
Abstrak: Hasil analisa pendugaan secara statistik menunjukkan penawaran kayu gergajian di pasaran domestik secara berturut-turut dipengaruhi harga input kayu bulat, harga kayu lapis dan harga kayu gergajian. Hubungan positip antara harga input kayu bulat yang secara teoritis tidak konsisten terjadi karena sebagian besar produksi kayu gergajian dihasilkan oleh industri besar HPH yang mempro- duksi sendiri kayu bulatnya. Hubungan positip antara harga kayu lapis dengan penawaran kayu gergajian berarti kedua produk bersubstitusi dengan elstisitas silang 0,3305. Dalam melakukan penawarannya, produsen dan pedagang di dalam negeri cukup berorientasi ke pasar, semakin tinggi harga kayu gergajian di pasar semakin besar jumlah yang ditawarkan dengan nilai elastisitas 0,4722. Dari segi permintaan domestik, faktor yang berpenga- ruh adalah jumlah penduduk dan tingkat pendapatan. Semakin tinggi jumlah penduduk semakin banyak permintaan terhadap kayu gergajian. Dan semakin tinggi tingkat pendapatan semakin besar permintaannya, kayu gergajian termasuk barang normal dengan elastisitas pendapatan terhadap permintaan sebesar 0,2047. Dari segi penawaran kayu gergajian Indonesia di pasaran ekspor, faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara berturut-turut adalah tingkat pendapatan penduduk, harga ekspor kayu gergajian, harga input kayu bulat, jumlah penduduk dan tingkat teknologi. Dalam melakukan penawarannya, produsen dan eksportir lebih berorientasi ke pasaran internasional dengan elastistas 1,0305.
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Judul: DNA Extraction and Characterization of Salmonella‟s Lytic Bacteriophage Genome
Abstrak: Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and are known to proliferate wherever their bacterial hosts exist. Their virion particles can exist independently outside the host, however all phages are need their host to propagate. Several phages are highly specific to host cell surface receptors and any slight changes in structure results in little or no interaction between the phage and its host. Salmonella‟s phage isolated from sewage water where their bacteria exist. Three isolated of phages (phages 15, 19 and 38) were used in this research that concentrated using three types of methods. PEG/ NaCl method was firstly used to concentrate the phages based on their molecular weight to precipitate the phage particles during centrifugation. The second method was Scraping Plaque method. In this method, overlay plaques were scraped and collected in SM buffer to get phage concentrates. Enrichment method was the last method used to concentrate the phages. Phage genome isolation was done using two methods i.e. EDTA/SDS and Proteinase K methods. The first method was done using DNase I to eliminate bacterial DNA followed by SDS/EDTA treatment to release phages DNA and phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol to extract the DNA. DNA was collected by isopropanol extraction. While in Proteinase K method, bacterial DNA was eliminated by DNase I and Proteinase K/SDS was used to degrade phages capsids and ethanol for DNA precipitation. The result showed that PEG/NaCl method resulted the highest phage concentration for phage 15 and phage 19, while scrapping method was the highest for phage 38. The quantity and purity of extracted DNA were low for PEG/NaCl and Scraping methods, while Enrichment method was higher indicated higher purity. Run on agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted DNA confirmed that Enrichment method results were the best while scraping and PEG/NaCl method was appeared smear background. Based on DNA genome size determination, the bacteriphages of Salmonella sp were comparable with other study of Salmonella phages. Phage P15 with genome size of 39,5 kb was close to phage epsilon15. Phage P19 with genome size of 41 kb was close to phage ST160. And phage P38 with genome size of 48,5 kb was close to phage Gifsy-1.
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