Judul: Potensi Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp dan Lebah Madu Apis mellifera Sebagai Antioksidan
Abstrak: Propolis is a resin produced by honey bees. Propolis is a natural antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that serve to protect the body from free radical attack. Nanopropolis is propolis processed using nano technology. The research aims was to determine the potential of propolis and nanopropolis as an antioxidant. Propolis extracted by using microwave assisted extraction or commonly called MAE method with a ratio of material 1: 9. Nanopropolis was made by using the method of manufacture nanopropolis Aimi modified, with hopes of more effectively than propolis as antioxidants. The results showed that Malang propolis extracts inactive as antioxidants, whereas Bogor propolis extract as active antioxidant. Propolis commercial I and commercial II is very active as an antioxidant, while nanopropolis commercial I, commercial II, Malang, Pandeglang, and Bogor inactive as an antioxidant.
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Judul: Ekstraksi Propolis dan Sintesis Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp
Abstrak: Propolis is a resin adhesive material collected from worker bees from the buds, bark, and other plant parts. Propolis have many benefits are as antibacterial, aniviral, and anticancer. The purpose of this study is to search method of extraction and nanopropolis synthesis that will produce the high effectiveness, knowing antibacterial activity and knowing value of optimization nanopropolis as antibacterial against E. coli . Propolis extracted uses the method maceration with modification MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). Futhermore synthesis of nanopropolis use Aimi methode modified by high speed homogenization, hopefully nanopropolis more effective than propolis as antibacterial. The yield of propolis extract is 10.93%. The values of PSA from nanopropolis are 176.30 nm, 205.10 nm, and 295.80 nm. Result activity antibacterial nanopropolis with disc diffusion methode againts E. coli indicated nanopropolis does not have antibacterial, because nanopropolis does not produce cleare zones in disc paper area. The result from ampicilin is does not have antibacterial againts E. coli.
Keyword: antibacterial, nanopropolis, propolis.

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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