Judul: Analysis of Economic Impact and Tourism Carrying Capacity due to Covid-19 at  Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
Abstrak: Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta merupakan provinsi yang menerapkan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Kebijakan PSBB menyebabkan terjadinya penutupan seluruh aktivitas wisata selama dua bulan dan perubahan pendapatan di Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII). Setelah dibuka kembali, kawasan wisata ini menerapkan protokol kesehatan sesuai panduan Cleanliness, Health, Safety and Enviromental Sustainability (CHSE). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengestimasi dampak ekonomi sebelum dan sesudah Covid-19 di Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga, (2) Menghitung kapasitas daya dukung kawasan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan protokol kesehatan sesuai prinsip CHSE di Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga, (3) Menyusun strategi pengelolaan kawasan wisata Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga yang sesuai dengan panduan CHSE. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, Loss of Earnings, dan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan menurunnya pendapatan dari pengelola wisata Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga, unit usaha dan tenaga kerja. Daya dukung kawasan wisata ini berada pada under carrying capacity dengan daya dukung kawasan sebelum Covid-19 sebesar 2.051 orang/hari dan 1.148 orang/hari setelah Covid-19. Alternatif strategi pengelolaan yang akan dilakukan adalah pengembangan Prosedur Operasional Baku (POB) kebersihan, kesehatan, keselamatan dan kelestarian lingkungan kawasan wisata., Jakarta is the provinces that implements the large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) policy. PSBB policy caused the closure of all tourist activities for two months thus impact to the income at Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Museum TMII. After reopening, this tourist area implemented health protocols according to the Cleanliness, Health, Safety and Enviromental Sustainability (CHSE) guidelines. The aims of this research are: (1) to estimate the economic impacts of Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Mueseum before and after Covid-19, (2) to calculate the carrying capacity of of Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Mueseum’s area before and after the implementation of the CHSE and health protocols, (3) to formulate the management strategy for Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Museum with the CHSE guidelines. The results of this research show that Covid-19 has caused a decrease of income in Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Museum, business units and labors. Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Museum are under carrying capacity, where the carrying capacity of this area before Covid-19 was 2.051 people/day and 1.148 people/day after Covid-19. The alternative management strategy chosen is the development of Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for cleanliness, health, safety and environmental sustainability of tourist areas.
Keyword: Dunia Air Tawar, educational tourism area, Insect Museum, social distancing

Judul: Economic Impact and Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Taman Wisata Iman in Dairi Regency Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak terhadap penutupan kawasan wisata sementara waktu dan terjadinya penurunan jumlah kunjungan yang bersifat fluktuatif, dimana berdampak terhadap unit usaha dan tenaga kerja di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis dampak ekonomi Taman Wisata Iman, Kabupaten Dairi akibat pandemi Covid-19; (2) menghitung daya dukung wisata di kawasan Wisata Taman Wisata Iman; (3) menganalisis strategi pengembangan kawasan Taman Wisata Iman. Metode yang digunakan adalah, multiplier effect, daya dukung fisik (PCC), analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum dan saat adanya pandemi Keynesian Income Multiplier di TWI kurang dari satu, artinya dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat lokal masih rendah. Namun, Ratio Income Multiplier Tipe I dan Tipe II lebih besar dari satu yang menandakan pengeluaran wisatawan sudah berdampak dan berkontribusi dengan baik terhadap pendapatan unit usaha dan tenaga kerja, baik itu sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Daya dukung kawasan TWI sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 mengalami under carrying capacity, baik itu pada saat weekday, weekend dan musim libur. Pengembangan kawasan TWI dilakukan dengan tahap sarana prasarana, promosi atau iklan dan menyesuaikan kondisi carrying capacity., The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the temporary closure of tourist areas and a decrease in the number of fluctuating visits, which has had an impact on business units and workforce in the area. The purposes of this research are (1) to analyze the economic impact of Iman Tourism Park, Dairi Regency due to the Covid-19 pandemic; (2) calculate the carrying capacity of tourism in the Taman Wisata Iman Tourism area; (3) analyzing the development strategy of the Faith Tourism Park area. The method used is multiplier effect, physical carrying capacity (PCC), descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that before and during the pandemic, the Keynesian Income Multiplier in TWI was less than one, meaning that the impact felt by the local community was still low. However, the Type I and Type II Income Multiplier Ratio is greater than one, which indicates that tourism expenditure has had an impact and contributed to both business unit and workforce income, both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The carrying capacity of the TWI area before and during the Covid- 19 pandemic experienced a lack of carrying capacity, both on weekdays, weekends and the holiday season. The development of the TWI area is carried out with the stages of infrastructure, promotion or advertising and adjusting the carrying capacity conditions
Keyword: carrying capacity, covid-19, development, multiplier effect, tourism

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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