Judul: Kajian Pengolahan Mi Substitusi Sorgum Instan Berantioksidan Tinggi
Abstrak: Instant sorghum substitution noodle is a food product alternative as source of carbohydrate with high antioxidant content. Research methodology was divided into 3 stages: sorghum flour processing, instant sorghum noodles production, and instant sorghum noodle analysis. Sorghum was hulled 0, 20, and 60 seconds before the flour will be used in the formulation. Concentrations of sorghum flour for substitution were 30%, 40%, and 50%. Addition of water about 40% by weight of the mixed flour and frying for 120 seconds at 160oC were the most optimum parameters. Based on organoleptic tests, formulation was made from hulled sorghum about 20 seconds with 30% concentration of substitution was the most preferred formulation. Based on physical analysis, elongation value of formulation selected was 72.68%, hardness value was 3609.50 gf, adhesiveness value was 977.42 gf, springiness value was 0.2706 gs, water absorption (DSA) value was 146.96% and cooking loss value was 9.20%. Based on chemical analysis, formulation selected had 3.56% moisture content, 1.64% ash content, 17.32% fat content, 9.55% protein content, 67.91% carbohydrate content, and 0.61% crude fiber content. Sorghum flour was used had 8.37% moisture content, 1.18% ash content, 3.86% fat content, 6.15% protein content, 80.43% carbohydrate content, and 2.40% crude fiber content. Based on antioxidants analysis, total phenol content of formulation selected was 0.05 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent)/g, antioxidant activity was 0.58 mg AEAC (Ascorbic acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity)/g, and antioxidant capacity was 18.17%. Sorghum flour was used had total phenol content was 0.12 mg GAE/g, antioxidant activity was 0.73 mg AEAC/g, and antioxidant capacity was 23.13%.
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Judul: Pengaruh Cara Perendaman Pada Pembuatan Sorgum(Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench) Instan
Abstrak: In Indonesia, rice consumption is increasing. National rice consumption reach 139 Kg per kapita per year and it is the biggest in the world. In order to have national food security, it is important to create food diversification for providing staple food alternative so as to reduce rice consumption. Sorghum is a kind of cerealia that can be a staple food alternative. This research aim to choose the right method of intstant sorghumpreparationwith good porosity and quick rehidration time. The research was divided in two steps. The first step was the soaking treatment of sorghum grain with 0.2% Na2HPO4, 1% Na-citrate and 0.2% Na2HPO4 + 1% Na-citrate(1:1). In this step, the good instant sorghum and preferred by consumer was instant sorghum that soaked with 0.2% Na2HPO4.The specification of this productwas quick rehydration time within 7.21 minute, rehydration ratio of 2.33 g/g, bulk porocity of54.81% and level of likeness 4.55 (like). The secound step was to conduct treatment of soaking at 25 oC, 35 oC, 45 oC, 50 oC and 60 oC with 0.2% Na2HPO4.Based on such criteria, the best instant sorghum was produced on the soaking in 60 oC. However, the anova statictic showed that no difference occurs amongst the soaking temperature of 45 oC, 50 oC and 60 oC. Therefore, the sampel with 45 oC of soaking temperature is chosen. The moisture content of the samples showed no signifance difference in the range of 6.21% - 7.67%. The protein content ranged between 7.95%-8.00%. The sample soaked in 0.2% Na2HPO4 soaking at 45 oC has the highets consument’s organoleptic acceptability.
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Judul: Characteristics, Recording Method, and Habitat Impact on Bats Echolocation Calls
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki 239 jenis kelelawar yang terdiri dari 62 jenis Megachiroptera dan 117 jenis Microchiroptera. Identifikasi jenis kelelawar umumnya dilakukan melalui morfologi meliputi ukuran serta ciri khusus tubuh. Metode tersebut mengharuskan penangkapan kelelawar. Cara tersebut dianggap kurang efisien serta dapat melukai kelelawar dan memungkinkan tertularnya penyakit antar peneliti dan kelelawar. Metode identifikasi melalui suara echolokasi dianggap mampu mengurangi resiko tersebut. Kelelawar Microchiroptera dan marga Rousettus (Megachiroptera) memiliki kemampuan echolokasi. Tipe dan karakter suara yang dihasilkan berbeda-beda. Perbedaan ini dijadikan dasar dalam identifikasi. Proses identifikasi melalui suara belum sepenuhnya dapat digunakan di Indonesia. Terbatasnya data dasar karakter echolokasi setiap jenis menjadi salah satu penyebabnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mengumpulkan data karakteristik suara echolokasi kelelawar sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar identifikasi melalui suara. Kelelawar famili Rhinolohidae dan Hipposideridae menggunakan suara echolokasi tipe konstan (cf) dengan durasi yang relatif lebih panjang, sedangkan Vespertilionidae dan Megaderma spasma tipe frekuensi modulated (fm). Rhinolophus pusillus, R. stheno, R. affinis, Hipposideros larvatus, H. diadema, Miniopterus australis, M. fuliginosus, dan Megaderma spasma masing-masing memiliki frekuensi puncak suara 104,1, 86,06, 71,69, 99,26, 69,24, 65,12, 54,29, dan 31,69 kHz. Perlakuan perekaman agar menyerupai suara alami di alam pada jenis R. affinis, R. stheno, H. diadema, dan M. fuliginosus jika kelelawar tersebut direkam dalam posisi kelelawar ditempatkan di dalam kantong, untuk jenis R. pusillus dan M. australis dapat direkam pada posisi jika kelelawar tersebut dipegang, sedangkan H. larvatus yang direkam dilepas di dalam ruangan akan lebih akurat jika dibandingkan beberapa perlakuan yang menjadi kajian perekaman ini. Suara echolokasi jenis R. affinis di tipe habitat berbeda dapat dicirikan karena memiliki perbedaan pada karakter frekuensi awal (fs), intesitas suara (is), dan jarak antar suara (jr). Suara R. pusillus berbeda pada fs, frekuensi konstan (fc), frekuensi akhir (fe), frekuensi puncak (fp), dan frekuensi kontan harmonik (hc). Suara R. stheno dapat dicirikan dari perberbedaan pada tipe suara is. Suara H. larvatus dapat dicirikan dari perbedaan pada karakter suara fc, fe, fp, dan jr. Suara H. diadema perbedaannya cenderung pada karakter durasi (dur), fc, dan fp. Suara M. fuliginosus dan M. muricola berbeda pada fs, fe, fp, is, dan jr. Sedangkan suara M. australis perbedaannya terlihat pada karakter suara fs dan is. Chaerephon plicatus perbedaannya terjadi pada karakter suara fp. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakter frekuensi konstan (fc) dipengaruhi oleh tinggi bebas cabang pohon dan non pohon, tinggi total non pohon, lebar tajuk non pohon, dan kecepatan angin. Karakter suara harmonik awal (hs) dari suara kelelawar dipengaruhi oleh suhu dan kecepatan angin, sedangkan frekuensi harmonik akhir (he) dipengaruhi oleh tinggi total non pohon, lebar tajuk non pohon, luas bidang dasar non pohon dan tinggi total pohon., Indonesia has 239 species of bats, this number consists of 62 species of megachiropteran and 117 of microchiropteran. Species identification is generally carried out through morphology and special features. These methods requires to caught the bats. It is considered less efficient, can harm the bats, and increase the risk of disease transmission between humans and bats. Identification through echolocation sound is considered to reduce the risk. Microchiroptera bats and the Rousettus (Megachiroptera) have the ability to echolocation. The type and character
Keyword: Echolokasi, Frekuensi Suara, Kelelawar