Judul: Aktivitas Harian dan Perilaku Menelisik (Grooming) Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1798) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1798) was a Javan endemic primate, can be found in Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP). Population of this species has been declining and, therefore, population and habitat management was needed. Research on daily activity and grooming will contribute to the conservation effort of this species. Grooming is a social activity that has double functions. Data on grooming and daily activities of Javan Gibbon is needed to obtain baseline data that could be used as a consideration for population and habitat management in GHSNP and as reference for ecotourism development. Research was carried out at Resort of Cikaniki – Citalahab Research Station. Equipments used were binocular, camera, range finder, phi band, compass, temperature logger and rain gauge. Observed objects were group A and group B of Javan Gibbons. Observation was done by scan sampling, focal animal sampling, ad libitum sampling, creating tree profile diagram, conducting temperature measurement and rainfall measurement. Data were analyzed and presented through graphs, tables and descriptive. Daily activity of Javan Gibbon was approximately 11 hours, from 06.20 - 17.25 WIB. The dominant daily activity was feeding (36,1%). Grooming behaviour of Javan Gibbon was divided into two types: autogrooming (scratch and self grooming) and allogrooming. Autogrooming behaviour was more frequent (600 times) than allogrooming (333 times). Autogrooming and allogrooming behaviour mostly performed in the morning. Autogrooming occurred at interval 1 to 30 seconds, while allogrooming occurred in interval 31 to 60 seconds. Feet was the most frequent groomed part (scratch 23,5% and self grooming 46,6%) in autogrooming behaviour, while allogrooming mostly performed at the back (43,6%). Sitting position was the most frequent used position in autogrooming (scratch 92,2% and self grooming 96,1%) and allogrooming (67,6%). There were 322 trees for grooming from 47 species. Dominant grooming tree was Rasamala (71 trees), with dominant family from Fagaceae (75 species) and dominant tree architecture was Attims (121 trees). Factors that affect grooming behaviour were sex, age class, weather, species and height of tree, active time duration, and disturbance (other group or human). Habitat and population management need to be done continuously through maintenance of grooming trees, forest area protection, limitation of human activity, cooperation with various stakeholders and also conservation education related to Javan Gibbon. The best observaton time of grooming activity was in morning between 07.00 -11.00 WIB.
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Judul: Studi Lokomotor dan Postur Per Aktivitas Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1798) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak.
Abstrak: Gunung Halimun Salak National Park is the largest mountainous tropical rainforest remaining in Java island and it is an important habitat for the preservation of javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert 1798), an endemic primate in Java island. A study of posture and locomotion of javan gibbon is needed considering within their daily activities, javan gibbon using different spatial habitat structure and therefor the information is important as reference to make a better decision in conserving habitat and population of javan gibbon based on aspect of behavioral and ecology. This study was conducted in an area of Cikaniki – Citalahab, Gunung Botol resort for one month (June – July 2012). Equipments used in the study were range finder, binoculars, phi bands, compass, camera, stationery and stopwatch as a tools. Data were collected from two groups of well-habituated javan gibbon, named group A and B, by using scan and focal animal sampling in order to get collected behavioral data. Profile diagram of the habitat was also developed. To determine home range, convex polygon and fixed kernel 95% were applied. The mean active period of javan gibbon was 9 hours at 07.35 am – 4.50 pm and dominated by resting activity for 48.18%. The dominant locomotor type during their active period was brachiation with frequency and duration of 46,07 – 79,33% and 11,52 – 15,26 hours. Meanwhile the percentage of sitting posture type with frequency and duration was 72,78% - 84,12% and 11,12 – 19,04 hours. There was 24 species of trees used as locomotion mediums and 16 trees for postures. The most dominant species was puspa (Schima wallichii) with most dominant family was from family Fagaceae. The percentage of crown covers for the two groups was 62.2%. Alleged average daily range during the observation time of 641.96 m group A while group B of 1278.18 m. Calculations with FK 95% giving an average cruising area of 50.27 ha, while the 100% MCP method gives an average cruising area of 24.38 ha. Analysis of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), wide ranges of the study group had a mean - average of 25.65 ha for the analysis of the MCP and 53.25 ha for FK analysis results with 95%. Result of posture and locomotor study could be used as consideration to design of ex situ conservation area of javan gibbon beyond, that includes also habitat enrichment. Map of the daily movements and home ranges of Javan gibbon can be used as supporting data for the object ecotourism attractions of special interest, education and research. Also, it can be a reference park managers in monitoring the presence of a controlling Javan gibbon habitat
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Judul: Sintesis nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 menggunakan teknik hidrotermal
Abstrak: Nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) merupakan semikonduktor yang berpotensi sebagai fotokatalis untuk reaksi fotodegradasi zat pewarna. Semikonduktor ini memiliki sela pita yang jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan semikonduktor TiO2, sehingga memungkinkan dapat berkerja hanya dengan paparan sinar matahari. Nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan teknik hidrotermal dengan suhu 200 oC selama 24 jam. Larutan Cu2ZnSnS4 dinetralkan menggunakan amonium hidroksida dan dialiri gas N2 sebelum proses hidrotermal. Hasil analisis mikroskop elektron pemayaran menunjukkan nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 mengalami aglomerasi karena memiliki ukuran partikel yang besar. Hasil analisis difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa Cu2ZnSnS4 yang dihasilkan memiliki struktur kesterit dengan senyawa fase sekunder yang terbentuk adalah CuS, ZnS, dan Cu2SnS3. Hasil uji fotodegradasi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hasil sintesis memiliki kemampuan degradasi dibawah sinar matahari lebih baik dibandingkan dengan TiO2. Namun, pada paparan sinar UV, TiO2 mendegradasi biru metilena lebih baik daripada senyawa hasil sintesis. Kapasitas adsorbsi terhadap biru metilena sebesar 2.6780 mg/g menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hasil sintesis tidak mampu mengadsorpsi dengan baik, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa hilangnya biru metilena dari larutan disebabkan oleh fotodegradasi, bukan oleh adsorpsi
Keyword: band gap, Cu2ZnSnS4, kesterite, photocatalyst, semiconductor