Judul: Analisis sruktur dan kinerja perdagangan internasional indonesia khususnya produk primer dan non primer pertanian
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ciri-ciri ekspor (khususnya produk pertanian) dan impor Indonesia, yang menyertai perubahan struktural dalam ekspor dan impor tersebut serta situasi yang menyebabkan munculnya ciri-ciri yang bersangkutan; mempelajari ciri-ciri dan perilaku sektor-sektor pengeluaran dalam negeri (absorsi dalam negeri); dan mempelajari pengaruh liberalisasi perdagangan internasional terhadap kinerja perdagangan internasional dan perekonomian Indonesia. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data deret berkala tahunan dalam kurun PJP I (1969-1993).
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Judul: Studi mengenai ketidakcocokan data ekspor-impor Indonesia dengan Negara berkembang dan negara maju
Abstrak: Perdagangan bilateral merupakan suatu perdagangan antara dua negara dalam bidang-bidang tertentu menggunakan prinsip yang saling menguntungkan, saling menghargai dan saling menghormati satu sama lain. Perdagangan bilateral yang diteliti adalah antara Indonesia dengan beberapa mitra dagang negara berkembang dan negara maju. Perdagangan bilateral ini menimbulkan ketidakcocokan data statistik yang dicatat Indonesia sebagai pengekspor dan negara mitra dagang sebagai pengimpor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mengkaji data ekspor-impor produk hasil hutan, membandingkan data tersebut dengan komoditi pertambangan, serta mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan catatan data ekspor-impor antara Indonesia dengan negara berkembang dan negara maju. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji t-berpasangan data sekunder ekspor-impor dari masing-masing komoditi dan negara mitra dagang. Data ini diperoleh dengan mengunduh data dari web UNcomtrade.
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Judul: Bioelectricity Production from Citrobacter freundii GBH253 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Microbial Fuel Cell Anode with Different Carbon Sources
Abstrak: Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) development has significantly increased from various aspects to get higher and more stable electricity. Developing MFC on microorganism aspect is very important because it plays a crucial role in the MFC system. C. freundii GBH253 is one of the potential exoelectrogen bacterium that could be developed for the MFC system. Integrating C. freundii GBH253 and electricity-producing microalgae, such as C. pyrenoidosa, in the anode of MFC could get more stable and higher electricity. In this study, C. freundii GBH253 and C. pyrenoidosa were coupled to produce electricity from different substrates. C. freundii GBH253 and C. pyrenoidosa were tested on three different media types before being tested on MFC. They were also examined for the co-cultivation test to determine the symbiotic relationship between the two microorganisms. The MFC test was conducted using the Randomized Block Design Factorial and the Tukey test to see significant differences from each treatment. The parameters observed in this study were voltage, power density, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Coulombic Efficiency (CE), pH, and volatile fatty acid (VFA). C. freundii GBH253 cannot grow on microalgae medium, while C. pyrenoidosa could grow on bacterial medium and a mixture of bacterium and microalgae media. The bacterium gained benefit from co-culture with microalgae. In the MFC test, electricity was generated in all treatments, which bacterium + microalgae with acetate treatment could generate power density up to 211,97 mW/m2 and the most stable compared to others. Production of electricity in bacterium-microalgae combination dominated by the bacterium; hence, microalgae still help bacterium by producing electricity and raised the COD value. The pH value of all treatments was higher than the initial pH. Acetate and phenol were VFA produced in all treatments, whereas butyric acid and propionic acid were found in some treatments. Pearson correlation showed that some VFA highly correlated with power density.
Keyword: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Substrate, Microbial Fuel Cell, Electricity Producing Microalgae, Volatile Fatty Acid, Citrobacter freundii