Judul: Ultrasound Assisted Rehydration Kinetic of Smoked Dried Sea Cucumber : Effect on Sulfated Polysaccharides
Abstrak: Beche-de-mer merupakan luxury seafood dan telah lama digunakan sebagai ethnic tonic food. Rehidrasi merupakan tahapan penting dalam pengolahan teripang dan memiliki pengaruh terhadap glycosaminoglycan (GAG) holothurian. Peran Ultrasound dalam membantu meningkatkan efisiensi pengolahan belum dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan kinetika rehidrasi teripang kering asap dan pengaruhnya terhadap karakteristik polisakarida sulfat menggunakan ultrasound. Penelitian meliputi kinetika rehidrasi konvensional suhu 27°C (KV27°C) dan suhu 15°C (KV15°C), kombinasi ultrasound suhu 27°C dan konvensional suhu 15°C (UAR27°C +KV15°C), serta kombinasi ultrasound suhu 15°C dan konvensional suhu 15°C (UAR15°C+KV15°C). Rehidrasi terpilih adalah UAR27°C+KV15°C pada waktu konstan 28 jam dan laju rehidrasi 0,58±0,53 gH2O/jam, serta kebutuhan energi yang rendah. Rendemen yang dihasilkan adalah 2,49%, protein 24,69±0,65%, lemak 0,31±0,03%, aktivitas air 0,77±0,04, total color difference 93,70±0,91 dan mikrostruktur dengan pori tinggi. Kandungan sulfat dan rendemen GAG sulfat adalah 10% dan 5,28 mg/g. Konfirmasi pita serapan sulfat memperlihatkan 3-N-asetil galaktosamin pada panjang gelombang 1269 cm-1 dan C-O-S pada 860 cm-1., Beche-de-mer is luxury seafood and has long been used as an ethnic tonic food. Rehydration is an important step in the processing of sea cucumbers and has an effect on the holothurian glycosaminoglycan (GAG). Ultrasound's role in helping to increase processing efficiency has not yet been explored.This study aimed to determine the rehydration kinetics of smoked dried sea cucumbers to characterize sulfated polysaccharides using ultrasound. The research covered the kinetics of rehydration conventional at 27°C (KV27°C) and 15°C (KV15°C), a combination of ultrasound at 27°C with conventional at 15°C (UAR27°C+ KV15°C), and a combination of ultrasound at 15°C with conventional at 15°C (UAR15°C+ KV15°C). The rehydration technique UAR27°C +KV15°C is the chosen technique with a constant time of 28 hours, rehydration rate of 0,58±0,53 gH2O/hour, and low energy. The resulting yield was 2,49%, protein 24,69±0,65%, fat 0,31±0,03%, water activity 0,77±0,04, total color difference 93,70±0,91, and microstructure with high pore density. The sulfate content and the yield of the sulfate GAG were 10% and 5,28 mg/g. Confirmation of the absorption band of the sulfate group showed the presence of 3-N-acetyl galactosamine at a wavelength of 1269 cm-1 and C-O-S at 860 cm-1.
Keyword: beche-de-mer, ultrasound rehydration, sulfated glycosaminoglycans, traditional medicine

Judul: Microscopic structure and functional structure of Seaweed Salt Ulva and Sargassum Polycystum
Abstrak: Rumput laut dapat dikembangkan menjadi garam fungsional yang memiliki manfaat salah satunya antihipertensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan struktur mikroskopik dan gugus fungsi garam rumput laut dengan beberapa perbandingan konsentrasi residu rumput laut dari rumput laut dari Ulva lactuca dan Sargassum polycytsum. Tahapan penelitian meliputi preparasi sampel, pembuatan tepung dan garam rumput laut serta mengkarakterisasi fisik garam rumput laut. Garam rumput laut Ulva lactuca dan Sargassum polycystum mengandung kadar abu 41,05%, 27,50% dan kadar protein 7,33%, 7,04%. Hasil terbaik pada uji sensori adalah garam rumput laut Ulva lactuca 1:2 dan Sargassum polycystum 2:1. Hasil identifikasi mikroskopis Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) menunjukkan perbesaran terbaik pada perbesaran 5000x dan Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) menunjukkan ukuran partikel signifikan terbaik 720,25±123,25 (nm) pada garam Ulva lactuca residu 1:2 dengan indeks keseragaman polidispersitas 0.68±0,17. Gugus fungsi yang terdeteksi hasil FTIR yaitu Hidroksil (OH), Medial alkkyne (C≡C), asam karboksilat asimetrik dan simetrik (C=C), amida III (C-N), alifatik berfluor dengan gugus fungsi C-F, aliphatic phosphates (P-O-C), menunjukkan gugus fungsi metal oxygen bonding, gugus fungsi C-H dan gugus fungsi aryl disulfides (S-S)., Seaweed can be developed into functional salts which have antihypertensive benefits. This study aims to determine the microscopic structure and functional groups of seaweed salt with several comparisons of concentrations of seaweed residues from seaweed from Ulva lactuca and Sargassum polycytsum. The stages of the research included sample preparation, manufacture of seaweed flour and salt and physical characterization of seaweed salt. Seaweed salt Ulva lactuca and Sargassum polycystum contain ash content of 41.05%, 27.50% and protein content of 7.33%, 7.04%. The best results in the sensory test were Ulva lactuca seaweed salt 1:2 and Sargassum polycystum 2:1. Microscopic identification of the Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) showed the best magnification at 5000x magnification and the Particle Size Analyzer (PSA) showed the best significant particle size of 720.25 ± 123.25 (nm) in Ulva lactuca salt residue 1: 2 with a polydispersity uniformity index of 0.68 ± 0.17. The functional groups detected by the FTIR results were Hydroxyl (OH), Medial alkkyne (C≡C), asymmetric and symmetric carboxylic acids (C=C), amides III (C-N), fluorine aliphatic with C-F functional groups, aliphatic phosphates (P O-C), shows the metal oxygen bonding functional group, the C-H functional group and the aryl disulfides (S-S) functional group.
Keyword: FTIR, salt, PSA, seawead, sensory, SEM, PSA

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
Keyword: