Judul: The Research on Biological Control Pests in Indonesia: A Systematic Review
Abstrak: Penelitian pengendalian hayati di Indonesia sudah cukup banyak dilakukan, tetapi sejauh ini belum ada analisis sistematis mengenai sejauh mana penelitian ini menghasilkan teknologi pengendalian hayati yang dapat dipraktikkan di lapang. Analisis ini penting untuk dilakukan agar dapat diketahui informasi dasar (baseline information) mengenai penelitian pengendalian hayati sejauh ini serta memberikan arah riset pengendalian hayati kedepannya. Telaah sistematik ini diharapkan pula dapat digunakan untuk pembaharuan arah riset pengendalian hayati kedepan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan telaah sistematis terhadap riset pengendalian hayati yang dilakukan di Indonesia selama 20 tahun terakhir. Semua artikel didapatkan dari berbagai pangkalan data yang ditelusuri dengan kata kunci yang berhubungan dengan pengendalian hayati. Pemilihan artikel dilakukan sesuai kriteria kelayakan literatur. Dari hasil penelusuran tersaring 453 artikel dimana 269 diantaranya adalah artikel yang fokus pada parasitoid dan predator. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan riset yang signifikan terhadap pengendalian hayati selama 20 tahun terakhir. Dari hasil penelitian terlihat bahwa pengendalian hayati di Indonesia didominasi riset mengenai patogen. Khusus untuk predator dan parasitoid dilakukan analisis lebih dalam dan hasilnya dapat diketahui bahwa penelitian didominasi riset untuk tanaman padi sedangkan fokus penelitian yang paling banyak diteliti adalah identifikasi dan studi biologi musuh alami. Penelitian-penelitian tersebut masih membahas ilmu-ilmu dasar dan belum mengarah pada musuh alami potensial yang siap dipakai untuk skala besar. Selama 20 tahun terakhir ini tercatat empat musuh alami yang dilaporkan dalam pelepasan skala besar yaitu Anagyrus lopezi, Lanius schach, Tetrastichus brontispae, dan Trichogramma spp.. Riset mengenai pelepasan tersebut masih terbatas pada kemapanan musuh alami dan atau mortalitas hama sasaran. Riset pelepasan belum mengarah pada pengukuran keberhasilannya sehingga menjadi salah satu poin arah penelitian kedepan., Biological control research in Indonesia has a long history since it was started by the Dutch scientists more thatn 100 years ago. Currently, the number of research on biological control has arisen, but there has been no systematic analysis of how this research produces technology that can be practiced in the field. This analysis is essential since it provides a baseline information about biological control research and provide future research direction on biological control. This systematic review is also expected to provide information for the future research direction on biological control. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of biological control research conducted in Indonesia over the past 20 years. All articles were obtained from various databases and searched for keywords related to biological control. The selection of articles is carried out according to the eligibility criteria. Based on searches, 453 articles were screened, of which 269 articles were focused on parasitoids and predators. This study shows a significant increase in research on biological control over the past 20 years. From the results, it can be seen that biological control research in Indonesia was dominated by research on pathogens. Further analysis were done on research on predators and parasitoids and the results showed that the most research commodity is paddy rice while the focus of research was dominated by identification and biology study of natural enemies. These studies mainlystill address the basic sciences and have not led to potential natural enemies ready to be
Keyword: Kesenjangan pengetahuan, Parasitoid, Predator, Keberhasilan pengendalian hayati, Telaah pustaka sistematis

Judul: A Systematic Review of Pest Management Research on Brassicaceae Commodity in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Penelitian tentang pengendalian hama pada komoditas Brassicaceae di Indonesia dimulai oleh ilmuwan Belanda pada tahun 1936. Sejauh ini, studi mengenai Brassicaceae telah banyak dilakukan yang berfokus pada studi pengendalian hama baik di skala laboratorium maupun skala lapangan. Namun, selama ini belum ada evaluasi mengenai produk pengetahuan terkait studi hama Brassicaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan sistematis terhadap penelitian pengendalian hama pada komoditas Brassicaceae yang dilakukan di Indonesia selama 21 tahun terakhir. Artikel penelitian berupa jurnal atau conference papers yang ditemukan melalui pencarian menggunakan rangkaian kata kunci berkaitan dengan topik penelitian dalam beberapa database. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas kubis dengan tiga hama utama yaitu P. xylostella, C. pavonana dan S. litura paling sering diteliti. Topik riset adalah mengenai biologi, interaksi tri-trofik dan pengendalian hama. Untuk penelitian pengendalian hama, data menunjukkan bahwa 60% publikasi berfokus pada efektivitas pengendalian hama menggunakan insektisida nabati, sedangkan proporsi penelitian lainnya adalah hayati (30%), insektisida sintetik (6%) dan mekanis (4%). Fokus penelitian pengendalian hayati masih didominasi oleh studi biologi dan identifikasi agens hayati, dan hanya satu penelitian yang mencatat keberhasilan pelepasan parasitoid E. argenteopilosus. Fokus penelitian pengendalian insektisida sintetik umumnya membahas status resistensi hama P. xylostella yang terindikasi resisten terhadap lebih dari 10 bahan aktif dalam sediaan insektisida sintetik. Diseminasi informasi terkait hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan belum optimal, sehingga belum menghasilkan teknologi pengendalian hama yang benar-benar dapat diterapkan oleh petani di lapangan., Research on pest management of various Brassicaceae family in Indonesia was started by Dutch scientist in 1936. Many studies on Brassicaceae have already been conducted and these studies were focussed on pest control both at the laboratory scale and field scale. However, there has been no evaluation of knowledge products related to Brassicaceae pest studies. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of pest management research on Brassicaceae commodity conducted in Indonesia over the past 21 years. Research articles in the form of journals or conference papers were found through a search using a series of keywords related to research topic in several databases. The results showed that the cabbage commodity with three main pests, namely P. xylostella, C. pavonana, and S. litura was the most frequently studied. Research topics are about biology, tritropic interactions and pest management. For pest management research, data shows that 60% of publications focused on the effectiveness of controlling insects using plant-based insecticides, while the proportion of other studies is biological (30%), synthetic insecticides (6%) and mechanical (4%). The focus of biological control research is still dominated by biological studies and the identification of natural enemies, and only one study was recorded success on the release of the parasitoid E. argentopilosus. The focus of research on synthetic insecticide control generally discusses the resistance status of P. xylostella pests, which have been indicated to be resistant to more than 10 active ingredients in synthetic insecticide preparations. The dissemination of information related to the results of research that has been carried out on pest management is not optimum, so there is no pest management technologies that can actually be applied by farmers in the field.
Keyword: data kualitatif, pengendalian hama, pengendalian hayati, pertanian

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: