Judul: Analysis of Bekasi City flood reduction using Bekasi Hulu watershed management
Abstrak: One major river flowing through Bekasi City is Bekasi river. Total extent of the Bekasi Hulu watershed is about 39,045.0 ha. In 2002 with rainfall of 250 mm in 8 hours caused water flood about 138 ha resident area in 2-3 days in Bekasi City, more extremely in 2005 with rainfall only 127 mm for 6 hours caused flooded in 164 ha resident area in 3 days. This evidence showed that flood problem in Bekasi City becomes worse, and seem to be more horrifying in the future. Therefore, the flood problems need an extremely great attention. The objectives of this research were (1) analysis watershed condition; (2) analyze the causes of flood over Bekasi City from the perpective of hydrology and hydraulic; (3) plan of Bekasi Hulu watershed management to reduce flood risk in Bekasi City. To obtain the purposes of this research, the method of analysis are devided into five main subjects i.e: (1) analysis of watershed condition using SCS method; (2) hydrology analysis using hydrology modeling HEC-HMS; (3) analysis of river flow capacity using hydraulic modeling HEC-RAS; (4) analysis of the economic looses in flooded area and (5) developing plan of scenarios to reduce flood risk. There are four scenarios to overcome the flood problems: (1) adopting government plan 2010; (2) managing Bekasi Hulu watershed area with conservation tillage; (3) building water retarded structure entire of watershed and (4) combination of second and third scenarios. The research results show that river flow capacity only 462 m3/s is not enough to flow the discharges. Prediction of land use changing in 2020 show that within 10 years return period, the discharge become 735,63 m3/dt. The economic losses due to direct and indirect losses in flooded area is about 39 billion rupiahs for 10 years return period discharge (620,3 m3/dt). Based on research results, the losses could be reduced by managing Bekasi Hulu watershed area with conservation tillage and build water retarded structure. It will reduce 31.01 % of the discharge to 427.96 m3/s that below to the river flow capacity in 462 m3/s.
Keyword: Land use changing

Judul: Modeling of Flood for Land Use Management (Case Study of Ciliwung Watershed)
Abstrak: Floods are one of the major disasters affecting many countries in the world year after year. It is an inevitable natural phenomenon occurring from time to time in all rivers and natural drainage systems. It causes damage to lives, natural resources and environment as well as the loss of economy and health. Floods represent complex problems because of its variety. Therefore, this variety cannot be studied or controlled only by one or two specific methods. The objectives of this research are to understand the process of flood events and its interaction with hydrometeorological components, to develop flood model for watershed management and to determine the effect of land use change to watershed discharge which indicates flood event. The research consists of four processes those are 1) Data Preparation, 2) Model Development, 3) Model Simulation and 4) Model Calibration and Validation. Data preparation was conducted for two kinds of data namely spatial data and tabular data. Model developed as numerical model of the hydrology of a river basin system. This model includes the response of watershed to precipitation, the actions of the river network as water flows through the river, the effect of land use changes, and the effect of engineering structures to the watershed. Model simulated by change land use as an input. Model calibrated by using water level data of field measurement in year 1996 and model validated by using water level data of field measurement in year 2000. The result of this reseach showed how the process based modeling is useful to model hidrological processes over the watershed. Precipitation is the main input for hidrology simulation and land use change gives the effect of water level in the watershed. The model which is built in this research can be used to evaluate runoff from different land use areas. For assessing the hydrological effects of land use changes on floods, three hypothetical scenarios, namely urbanization, deforestation and afforestation scenario, were considered made. It was found from the model simulation that the urbanization scenario has the higest negative impact on increasing water level. Deforestation has the second largest negative impact, while afforestation causes positive impact shown by decreasing water level. The result indicated that the urbanization produce the highest peak flow, followed by the deforestation and afforestation scenario. The simulated water level for the present land use is 84 cm, for the urbanization scenario 135 cm, deforestation scenario 92 cm, and afforestation scenario 59 cm. Accordingly, the urbanization scenario increases the peak discharge by 61%, the deforestation scenario increase 15%, and afforestation decrease by 19%.
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Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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