Judul: The impact of the implementation of technology and land ownership on rice farming efficiency and income in the Province of South Sulawesi
Abstrak: The research was aimed to: 1) identify the factors affecting farmer decision making on the selection of rice variety, 2) analyze production factors composition, cost and income of new high yield rice variety farming, 3) evaluate technical efficiency level of new high yield rice variety (NHYRV) and it’s older version (OHYRV) and factors affecting them, and 4) examine the effect of land ownership status on input level, productivity, income and technical efficiency. The research was conducted at the District of Pinrang, Soppeng, and Bone, which were selected purposively based on their role in rice production in South Sulawesi. 293 farmers who plant new high rice variety and 72 farmers who plant older version of rice variety were selected as respondents. Farming Analysis with Logit and Stochastic Frontier Production Function were employed in this research. The results indicates that: 1) farmer decision on selecting the rice variety to be plant was determined by their formal education and the number of family members. The value of predicted probability in implementing New High Yield Rice Variety was relatively high indicates farmer willing to plant the New High Yield Rice Variety also high. 2) There was no significant differences in input level (except for seed, phonska, liquid insecticide), cost, productivity, and income between NHYRV and OHYRV. 3) There was no significant differences in input level, cost, productivity, and income between share tenant OHYRV farmer and owner OHYRV farmer. 4) There was no significant differences in input level, cost, productivity, and income between share tenant NHYRV farmer and owner NHYRV farmer 5) Seed, urea, phonska and the number of family labor were positively affecting productivity of rice farming OHYRV. 6) Seed, ZA, SP-36, liquid insecticide and the number of commercial labor were positively affecting productivity of rice farming NHYRV. 7) Technical efficiency of NHYRV was higher than OHYRV. 8) Technical efficiency of share tenant OHYRV farmer was higher than owner OHYRV farmer. 9) Technical efficiency of share tenant NHYRV farmer was higher than owner NHYRV farmer.
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Judul: The influence of high yielding variety utilization on efficiency, income and income distribution of corn farmer at Gorontalo Province
Abstrak: The research aims to: (1) analyze the influence of high yielding variety utilization on farming feasibility, technological feasibility and income structure, (2) analyze the influence of high yielding variety utilization on efficiency and factors influencing corn farmer inefficiency, (3) analyze the influence of high yielding variety utilization on income of corn farmer household, (4) analyze the influence of high yielding variety utilization on income distribution of corn farmer household. The research is conducted in Gorontalo Province, which is in Boalemo and Pohuwato Districts of Gorontalo Regency. Random sampling method is used in the research with 355 samples of farmer household. Using R/C ratio analysis, the change in technology utilization can be evaluated with simple partial budget analysis; whereas losses and gains analysis is used to evaluate the feasibility of changing on variety utilization using Cobb-Douglas’s stochastic frontier. In addition, allocative and economic efficiency are analyzed using input approach, and gini ratio is used to find out the income distribution of corn farmer household. Research results: (1) the change on variety technology by using new high yielding variety has produced additional profit for corn farmers; therefore the farming is feasible to be introduced, (2) the use of new high yielding variety is more efficient than the old variety. Factors causing technical inefficiency are year of education, membership in farmer group, access to credit and agriculture extension, (3) the use of new high yielding variety has significant and positive impact on income improvement of corn farming, (4) the change on technology, in this case, new high yielding variety, does not immediately shock income distribution due to activities shift in corn farmer household. Implication for policy, among others: (1) improvement on efficiency can be done through enhancement of farming management, either technical management or farmer’s managerial capability, (2) the availability of and access to job opportunity outside corn farming (especially non-agriculture) are needed through facilities and infrastructures support, and improvement on worker’s capacity to accelerate diversification and to increase income of small farmer household, (3) the availability of and access to field with supporting capital for the adoption of technology to increase corn farming and income of farmer household in aggregate. The availability of and access to job opportunity outside corn farming and non-agriculture are important instruments to increase farmer household’s income.
Keyword: high yielding variety, efficiency, income, income distribution

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf