Judul: Study on the effect of Pup1 (P Uptake1) introgression for increasing rice tolerancy to Phosphorus deficiency
Abstrak: Phosphorus is one of the major nutrient for plant. P-deficiency occurs in most of soil, mostly due to the bounding of P to minerals, such as Ca, Fe, and Al, therefore, P is not available for plants. Rice plant having tolerance to Pdeficiency is very important, because it can decrease the input of P fertilizer, lime, and organic matter. Genes related to P uptake had been mapped (Pup1/P Uptake 1) and some molecular markers for selection purposes have already been developed. Activities for introgression of Pup1 into Indonesian modern rice varieties were conducted to increase the yield and to observe effect of Pup in the Indonesian varieties. Pup1 from Kasalath and NIL-443 was introgressed into Situ Bagendit and Batur, through conventional breeding (backcross method). They are Situ Bagendit x Kasalath, Situ Bagendit x NIL-C443, Batur x Kasalath, and Batur x NIL-C443. Their progenies were selected using molecular markers (spesific markers for Pup1 and SSR markers). This experiments were conducted in Indonesia and IRRI (Philippines) since August 2006 up to June 2009. Development of Pup1 lines were conducted using foreground, recombinant, dan background markers up to BC2F3 lines for each crossing. Based on molecular analysis, genotype condition of Pup1 locus indicated homozygote locus for all of BC2F2 selected lines, and this result was also found in the subsequent generation. Small part of donor segment (Kasalath or NIL-C443) still remaining in the BC2F3 lines in different location, so it will influence plant performance. These donor parent segment were 1.6 – 2.6 % of genome total lenght of rice genome. Testing on BC2F3 lines were performed using 3 methods : nutrient solution (0.5 ppm P and 10 ppm P under 0 ppm Al and 45 ppm Al), Ultisol soil from Kentrong Village (2 kg P/ha and 25 kg P/ha), and field experiment at Taman Bogo, Lampung (no P fertilizer and add P fertilizer). The results showed that many variation of agronomic characters at each BC2F3 lines occurs for each experiment, but effect of Pup1 on agronomic characters can be clearly detected on less P compared with adequate P. Pup1 on BC2F3 lines influenced on the increasing of plant dry weight compared the parent, but tend to decrease on generative phase (especially weight of filled grain/plant), eventhough some lines showed better performance than their parent on both, dry weight and the weight of filled grain/plant. For further experiment, the BC2F3 lines had been selected at Taman Bogo field experiment, Lampung, by individual plant.
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Judul: Amplifikasi gen pup1 dan uji morfologi perakaran tanaman padi pada kondisi defisiensi fosfor
Abstrak: About 25% of Indonesia's land conditions has phosphorus deficiency. Its makes rice plants in Indonesia deficient of phosphorus. Genes mapping are adrift with P deficiency on chromosome 12 at the gene Pup1 rice. This research has been conducted on gene amplification of BC2F6 Pup1 on rice lines from backcross between Batur and Situ Bagendit with Kasalath and NIL-C443. The root morphology has been done observe the effectiveness of the cross. Root morphology test results by using a solution of Yoshida with 4 different treatment (0.5 P, 10 P, 0.5 P+45 ppm Al. dan 10 P+ 45 ppm Al). The results are tested by ANOVA test and Dunnet test. Based on the results of molecular analysis using primers K29-1 shows the overall results of crossbreeding plants have similarities with elders Kasalath and NIL-C443 as Pup1 donor. The ANOVA test and Dunnet’s results indicate the presence of root morphological differences between plants from crosses with P deficiency intolerant inheritence, Batur and Situ Bagendit.
Keyword: root morfology, gene Pup1, phosphor deficiency, NIL-C443, Kasalath

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular