Judul: Seleksi Bakteri Asam Laktat Indigenous Indonesia untuk Starter Keju
Abstrak: Indonesia was a tropical country which high of an organism biodiversity, include to their microorganism such like the Lactic Acid Bacteria that familiar to food spontaneous fermentation. However, the exploration to Indonesia’s LAB was rarely. In the other hand, cheese and their derivatives was a famous food product in Indonesia. The LAB can being indigenous commercial starter for the exploration. Therefore, the objects of this research were (1) to screen LIPI Cibinong’s LAB isolates which have high potential to make coagulum; and (2) to get the selected cheese starter from the high potential isolates. The research methods which will used to get the high potential isolates were screening acid potential, screening protease potential, and screening coagulant potential; and to get the selected cheese starter were making a high potential isolates growth curve and assaying to cheese laboratory made with parameters: measurement of pH, rennet activity assays,yield calculations and sensory test. The result of this research were (1) from the 39 LIPI Cibinong’s isolates, DR 1-7-1 was the high acid potential isolate with Lactic Acid Index 3.25, DSB 4-2 was the high protease potential isolate with Protease Index 3.82, DR 2-2-3 and DSB 4-2 were the high coagulant potential with form coagulum time on 24 hours; and (2)the optimum growth of DR 2-2-3 and DSB 4-2 were 24 hours and the selected cheese starter was DR 2-2-3 isolate 6% with rennet 0.01% because thatconcentration combination of starter and rennet, can make the forming time of coagulum to be faster than control. That was 6 minutes (control) to be 3 minutes (DR 2-2-3 6% with rennet 0.01%)
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Judul: Seleksi dan Optimasi Bakteri Asam Laktat Penghasil Senyawa Antikapang
Abstrak: Silage is the forage preservation product through anaerobic fermentation by using lactic acid bacteria (LAB). The presence of oxygen may activate the other microbe that could be contaminate and interrupt the silage processing. Fungi is a microbe that often contaminate silage processing. In Indonesia, prevention of silage contamination by fungi is necessary in order to support livestock business. By using the inoculum that able to produce antifungal compounds, the fungi contamination could be prevented. This research was dedicated to screen LAB having antifungal properties, taxonomic study and optimization of antifungal production. Screening of antifungal producing LAB was initiated by growing LAB on de Man Rogosa Sharpe Agar (MRSA) against Aspergillus fumigatus, A. flavus, and Penicillium by plate assay method (aerobic condition) and verified by deep tube technique (anerobic condition). The results showed that strain DR 1-6-2 could inhibit A. fumigatus and A. flavus in aerobic condition with percentage of inhibition was 41% and 32 %, respectively. In anaerobic condition, strain DR 1-6-2 could inhibit not only A. fumigatus, A. flavus, but also Penicillium. Identification of selected LAB was carried out using 16S rRNA gene sequencing with 27F and 1492R primer. Based on molecular analysis, strain DR 1-6-2 is belong to Lactobacillus plantarum with the degree of homology of 98%. Optimization of antifungal production by selected LAB was carried out using Response Surface Method (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) on five variables (glucose, yeast extract, CH3COONa, K2HPO4, Tween 80) and five level combinations. From statistical analysis, the production of antifungal which is represented by the total lactic acid production of selected LAB is significantly influenced by glucose, combination of glucose and K2HPO4, combination of yeast extract and K2HPO4 and Tween 80. The optimum concentration of glucose is 2.91%, yeast extract 0.58%, K2HPO4 0.29% and Tween 80 0.19% with a maximum predicted lactic acid yield of 2.61%, which is increased by 59%. This result is confirmed when the optimum concentration of nutritions used. The production of lactic acid increased by 58%. Benefit of this research is utilization of indegenous LAB isolates as the silage inoculum and antifungi to prevention of contamination and to obtain a good silage quality. This LAB utilization is capable to trigger the silage production, which in turn could increase the silage utilization as animal feed, increasing the production of meat, and could support the government's efforts to achieve the national demand of meat product. In silage fermentation using L. plantarum DR 1-6-2, anaerobic condition is a requirement to be considered. Identification of other antifungal compounds produced by L. plantarum DR1-6-2 is need to be studied.
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Judul: Evaluation of Space Allocation for Residental Area Based on Tsunami Hazard, Case Study on Palu City Post Disaster 2018
Abstrak: Kejadian gempabumi di Kota Palu tahun 2018 berkaitan erat dengan aktivitas sesar Palu Koro dan berdampak pada terjadinya tsunami. Kejadian tsunami dapat terulang di waktu mendatang, namun diperkirakan di dalam kawasan permukiman RTRW Kota Palu tahun 2021 – 2041 ditemukan zona bahaya tinggi tsunami, terutama yang berdekatan dengan garis pantai. Oleh sebab itu evaluasi terhadap dokumen perencanaan pembangunan ini sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan evaluasi rencana tata ruang wilayah (RTRW) tahun 2021 – 2041 pada Kawasan Permukiman Kota Palu berbasis pada bahaya tsunami. Metode yang digunakan untuk analasis bahaya tsunami adalah multi criteria elevation (MCE) dan weighted overlay serta analisis secara deskriptif. Faktor penentu bahaya tsunami yang digunakan meliputi jarak dari garis Pantai, morfologi bentuklahan dan kelerengan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor jarak dari pantai memiliki bobot tertingi (0,5) daripada faktor lain yaitu morfologi bentuklahan (0,2) dan kelerengan (0,3). Artinya, variabel jarak dari pantai ini memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap nilai bahaya tsunami di Kota Palu. Berdasarkan hasil pemodelan, sebagian besar wilayah Kota Palu berada pada kelas aman dan rendah karena dominannya bentuklahan berbukit dan bergunung di wilayah ini. Luas kelas aman sebesar 13.487,25 ha atau 39,48 % dari total luas Kota Palu, sebaliknya kelas bahaya tinggi hanya sebesar 1.809,65 ha atau 5,29 %. Secara adminitratif kelas bahaya tinggi yang paling luas mencakup Kelurahan Talise seluas 9,99 %, Kelurahan Mamboro seluas 9,97 % dan Kelurahan Tondo seluas 9,11 %. Dalam penellitian ini peta bahaya hasil pemodelan digabung dengan peta genangan tsunami 2018 hasil pemetaan BIG dimana semua area di wilayah genangan diasumsikan sebagai bahaya tinggi. Hasil penggabungan menunjukkan bahwa kelas bahaya tinggi meningkat menjadi 2.221,65 ha atau 6,50 % dari total luas kelas bahaya tsunami Kota Palu. Hasil evaluasi pola ruang RTRW Kota Palu tahun 2021 – 2041 terhadap peta bahaya tsunami memperlihatkan bahwa Kawasan Permukiman yang berada dalam kelas bahaya tsunami tinggi mencapai luas total 1.848 ha (11,22 % dari total luas Kawasan Permukiman) dan meliputi beberapa Kelurahan, yaitu Tipo, Buluri dan Taipa. Rekomendasi mitigasi yang dapat diberikan untuk bahaya tinggi adalah merencanakan perubahan menjadi Kawasan Lindung namun secara bertahap. Selama proses perubahan berlangsung, wilayah tersebut masih bisa dipertahankan sebagai Kawasan Budidaya, namun diperlukan kesiapsiagaan bencana (disaster preperadness). Jadi rekomendasi yang diberikan memerlukan mitigasi struktural dan non struktural. Sementara itu untuk kelas bahaya sedang (4.952,02 ha) atau wilayah yang belum pernah tergenang tsunami namun sangat berpeluang tergenangi jika gelombang tsunami lebih besar daripada sebelumnya adalah tetap memaksimalkan upaya mitigasi tanpa peninjauan kembali RTRW tahun 2021 - 2041. Wilayah ini meliputi Kelurahan Borobuli Utara, Kelurahan Petobo dan Kelurahan Tatura. Adapun untuk kelas bahaya rendah-aman (5.266,21 ha) adalah dibangun infrastruktur multiguna untuk evakuasi bahaya tsunami. Wilayah ini meliputi Kelurahan Layana Indah, Kelurahan Poboya dan Kelurahan tondo imana ketiga Kelurahan tersebut memiliki bentuklahan dataran hingga perbukitan sehingga wilayah ini sesuai digunakan untuk wilayah evakuasi bencana.
Keyword: Kota Palu, mitigasi, pola ruang, Palu Koro, tsunami