Judul: Produksi Frukto-oligosakarida dari Inulin Umbi Dahlia (Dahlia pinnata) secara Hidrolisis Enzimatik
Abstrak: Fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) is a prebiotic which can be obtained by inulin enzymatically hydrolyzed. The purpose of this research are extracting and analyzing the levels of inulin, producing inulinase enzyme and measuring the value of enzyme activity, and producing and characterizing FOS. This study was conducted in two stages, preliminary researches and primary researches. Preliminary researches include proximate analysis (dahlia tuber, gembili, banana weevil, and turubuk), producing inulin, inulin assays, producing inulinase enzymes, and enzyme activity assays. Primary researches include inulin hydrolysis using commercial (dossage 1; 2; 5; 7,5; and 10 U/g) and raw inulinase (dossage 1; 2; and 3 U/g) for 24 hours and characterize of this product. The highest yield of inulin powder obtained from dahlia tubers at 48,20% with 80,09% content of inulin. The enzyme activity of raw inulinase is 0,76 U/ml. Product formed by commercial inulinase mostly fructose, meanwhile raw inulinase mostly produced FOS.
Keyword: enzimatic hydrolysis, inulinase, inulin, FOS

Judul: Ekstraksi dan karakterisasi inulin dari umbi dahlia(dahila pinnata cav.)
Abstrak: Inulin adalah senyawa polifruktosa yang mengandung rantai ikatan linier B-2,1 polifruktosa dengan satu satuan terminal glukosa di ujung rantai polimer dengan ikatan 1,2. Panjang rantai polimer inulin beragam tergantung pada jenis tanaman dan musim. Secara teori, inulin mengandung minimal 30 satuan gula. Umbi dahlia merupakan salah satu sumber inulin yang potensial disamping tanaman lain seperti Jerusalem artichoke dan dandelion. Penelitian yang sudah dilakukan tentang inulin dari umbi dahlia baru berkisar pada produksi sirup fruktosa (Toni, 1991; Sutresnawati, 1992; Rahayuningsih dan Purnawati, 1993). Tepung inulin diluar negeri terutama di Perancis mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi sebagai bahan baku produksi etanol (Dyr et al., 1955). Selain itu, inulin dapat juga digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan bioplastik (Eenink A.Η., 1996). Pada penelitian ini dilakukan ekstraksi inulin dari umbi dahlia dengan memperhatikan sifat inulin yang dapat diendapkan oleh campuran etanol air (Vamdamme dan Derycke, 1983). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan konsentrasi etanol dan jumlah etanol yang ditambahkan terhadap larutan inulin untuk menghasilkan rendemen inulin: tertinggi. Parameter yang diukur adalah persentase inulin yang dihasilkan dari slurrynya dan nilai derajat putih inulin. Selain itu ditentukan pula neraca massa proses ekstraksi inulin. Untuk melengkapi kajian ini, dilakukan karakterisasi terhadap inulin yang dihasilkan berupa penentuan komposisi gula. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial. Faktor yang digunakan sebanyak dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi etanol dan jumlah etanol yang ditambahkan terhadap slurry. Masing-masing faktor terdiri dari lima taraf, yaitu 10 persen, 20 persen, 30 persen, 40 persen dan 50 persen untuk konsentrasi etanol, sedangkan jumlah etanol yang ditambahkan yaitu, 20 persen, 40 perseny 60 persen, 80 persen dan 100 persen dari volume slurr Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inulin terbanyak (3,80 persen b/v) dihasilkan oleh etanol 30 persen dengan jumlah yang ditambahkan sebanyak 40 persen dari volume slurrynya. Konsentrasi etanol tidak berpengaruh terhadap...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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