Judul: Antibiotic Resistance of Escherichia coli Isolated from Raw Milk in Kebon Pedes, Bogor
Abstrak: Resistansi antibiotik muncul dan menyebar secara global, mengancam kemampuan untuk mengobati penyakit menular dan menjadi ancaman kesehatan global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui terjadinya resistansi antibiotik pada Escherichia coli (E. coli) yang diisolasi dari susu mentah di Kebon Pedes, Bogor. Resistansi antibiotik E. coli dalam susu dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi 23 sampel susu mentah curah dari peternakan sapi perah di Kebon Pedes, Bogor. Isolasi dan identifikasi E. coli merujuk pada SNI 2897: 2008 tentang Pedoman Analisis Laboratorium pada Pemeriksaan Kontaminasi Mikroba pada Daging, Telur, dan Susu dalam yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Standardisasi Nasional Indonesia. Resistansi terhadap enam antibiotic, yaitu amoksilin, streptomisin, siprofloksasin, tetrasiklin, kolistin, dan penisilin G, diuji menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer berdasarkan standar Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) pada tahun 2018. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa 62 dari 207 isolat (29.95%) isolat ditemukan positif E. coli. E. coli menunjukkan resistansi terhadap antibiotik, yaitu penisilin G (95.2%), streptomisin (84.3%), kolistin (76.9%), amoksisilin (74.2%), dan tetrasiklin (62.5%). 77.42% isolat E. coli positif resistan terhadap lebih dari tiga kelas antibiotik, yang dikenal sebagai multi-drug resistant (MDR), dengan sebagian besar pola AML-S-TE-CT-P (amoksisilin, streptomisin, tetrasiklin, kolistin, dan penisilin G). Kehadiran E. coli yang resistan terhadap antibiotik dalam susu mentah dapat menyebabkan masalah serius pada kesehatan manusia.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, multi-drug resistant, resistansi antibiotik, susu, Escherichia coli, multi-drug resistant, resistansi antibiotik, susu

Judul: Isolation of Antibiotic-Resistant Escherichia coli from Milker Hands and Teats Surface of Dairy Cattle in Pondok Ranggon Farms
Abstrak: Escherichia coli yang resistan terhadap antibiotik menjadi masalah kesehatan global karena menyebabkan pengobatan menjadi tidak efektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi E. coli dari tangan pemerah dan puting sapi perah di peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur serta sifat resistansinya terhadap antibiotik. Sebanyak 21 swab tangan pemerah dan 48 sampel swab puting sapi perah dari 12 peternakan dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Identifikasi E. coli menggunakan metode most probable number (MPN) menurut Bacteriological Analytical Manual tentang Food and Drug Admnistration dan uji resistansi antibiotik mengacu pada Clinical Laboratory Standard Institute 2018 metode Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion. Isolat E. coli diperoleh dari 3 sampel swab tangan pemerah (3/21; 14,3%) dan 4 sampel swab permukaan puting sapi (4/48; 8,3%). Isolat E. coli dari tangan pemerah resistan terhadap azitromisin, streptomisin, sefotaksim, sefpodoksim, seftazidim, dan trimetopimsulfametoksasol sebesar 33,3% (1/3). Resistansi E. coli dari swab puting sapi tertinggi terhadap sefotaksim, sefpodoksim, dan seftazidim dengan persentase 75% (3/4), diikuti ampisilin (50%; 2/4), amoksisilin-asam klavulanat dan trimetoprimsulfametoksasol sebesar 25% (1/4). Isolat E. coli dari tangan pemerah dan puting sapi perah sensitif terhadap gentamisin, azitromisin, siprofloksasin, kloramfenikol, doksisiklin, oksitetrasiklin, dan tetrasiklin. Isolat E. coli bersifat multi-drug resistance dengan pola sefotaksim-sefpodoksim-seftazidim., Escherichia coli plays the role in the occurance of mastitis in dairy cows. The antibiotic resistant E. coli causes the global health problem because of the ineffective treatment of infectious diseases. The aim of the study was to identify E. coli on milker hands and teat surfaces and the antibiotic resistance in dairy farms in Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta. This study used 21 samples of milker hands swabs and 48 samples of teat surface swabs from 12 dairy farms. Identification of E. coli using most probable number (MPN) method based on Bacteriological Analytical Manual concerning Food and Drug Admnistration. E. coli was isolated from 3 samples of milker hands (3/21; 14.3%) and 4 samples of teats (4/48; 8,3%). E. coli isolates from milker hands were resistant to azithromycin, streptomycin, cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime, and trimetroprim-sulfametoxazole with the same percentage (33,3%; 1/3). On the teat surfaces, the highest percentage of antibiotic resistance in cefotaxime, cefpodoxime, ceftazidime (75%: 3/4), and ampicilin (50%; 2/4), and the lowest percentage in amoxicillin-clavulanate and trimetroprim-sulfametoxazole (25%; 1/4). All of isolates still sensitive to gentamycin, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, chloramphenicol, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, and tetracycline. E. coli isolates have multi-drug resistant with cefotaxime-cefpodoxime-ceftazidime pattern.
Keyword: antibiotic resistance, Escherichia coli, swabs

Judul: Graphology Analysis Based on Letter a and t Using Perceptron.
Abstrak: Graphology or handwriting analysis is a method of identifying, analyzing, evaluating, and understanding personality through the strokes and patterns revealed by handwriting. A person who can analyze handwriting is called a graphologist. A graphologists can be subjective in their assesments different graphologist can have different analysis of the same handwriting. Therefore, a computer technology may help to minimize the subjectivity. This research used perceptron to analyze personality based on handwriting. Perceptron is one method of neural network. This research analyze two letters to letter a and t image. Letter a are represented by 135 images, consisting of 81 images as training data and 54 images as testing data. There are 150 images used for t images, consisting of 90 images as training data and 60 images as testing data.There are 5 experiments consisting of 2 experiments for letter a and 3 experiments for letter t. The result is the character of each class letter a and t where each parameters there are 3 classes. The accuracy of letter t and letter a was 55% and 88.89% respectively.
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