Judul: Study on the Landscape Structure and Conservation of the Rato Ebuh Tomb Site, Sampang District, East Java
Abstrak: Situs Makam Rato Ebuh merupakan berupa makam tokoh seorang wanita yang melahirkan pemimpin-pemimpin Madura. Situs ini ditetapkan sebagai cagar budaya peringkat provinsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tatanan lanskap situs dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberlanjutan lanskap situs, serta menyusun usulan konsep pelestarian lanskap situs. Tahap awal dalam penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi karakter lanskap yang terbentuk serta mengetahui potensi dan permasalahan yang ada melalui pendataan kualitatif. Sedangkan pendekatan analisis SWOT dilakukan untuk keberlanjutan lanskap Situs Makam Rato Ebuh. Hasil menunjukkan tatanan lanskap dideskripsikan menurut makam Islam dengan orientasi utara-selatan. Tatanan lanskap dipengaruhi oleh kondisi alam, filosofi, dan budaya masyarakat. Usulan konsep pelestarian didapatkan tiga zona yaitu zona inti, zona penyangga dan zona pengembangan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis SWOT didapatkan lima alternatif strategi pelestarian dan sembilan tindakan pelestarian yang dibagi sesuai kebutuhan pada setiap zonasi.
Keyword: cultural heritage, historical landscape conservation, historic tombs, Rato Ebuh Tomb

Judul: Pelestarian Lanskap Sejarah Situs Candi Liyangan di  Temanggung Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Temanggung telah menetapkan Situs Liyangan sebagai benda cagar budaya pada tahun 2018 lalu. Situs Liyangan merupakan peninggalan purbakala yang dapat dikatakan masih baru saja ditemukan dan merupakan situs sejarah yang cukup rapuh sehingga rawan sekali rusak atau hancur, baik disebabkan oleh faktor internal maupun faktor eksternal. Salah satu ancaman yang berdampak langsung pada keberlanjutan Situs Liyangan yaitu keberadaan pertambangan yang terletak sangat dekat dengan candi. Sehingga penelitian ini diperlukan untuk mendapatkan rekomendasi pelestarian yang tepat untuk Situs Liyangan. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode analisis karakteristik lanskap sejarah, analisis nilai signifikansi lanskap sejarah, analisis persepsi masyarakat, dan analisis perbandingan eksponensial untuk mendapatkan prioritas pelestarian. Pada tahapan analisis Situs Liyangan dibagi menjadi tiga Landscape Unit yaitu, zona inti candi, zona penyangga candi, dan desa terdekat dengan candi (Desa Tegalrejo dan Desa Purbosari). Pengolahan data pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif, metode spasial, dan metode pembobotan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis persepsi masyarakat, elemen sejarah berupa bangunan candi pada Situs Liyangan merupakan yang paling mencirikan karakteristik lanskap sejarah Situs Liyangan sebagai peninggalan Hindu. Pola ruang Situs Liyangan berupa terasering yang memiliki tingkat kesucian berbeda setiap tingkatnya tergantung pada ketinggian tanahnya. Secara makro pola ruang Situs Liyangan terbagi menjadi tiga yaitu; hutan larangan, pertanian dan peribadatan, serta yang terakhir permukiman. Kemudian konsep pelestarian yang diusulkan adalah untuk melindungi Situs Liyangan dengan pengelolaan dan penguatan karakteristik atau identitas Situs Liyangan. Sehingga area pelestarian Situs Liyangan dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu area utama (zona inti candi), dan area pendukung (zona penyangga candi dan desa terdekat) dengan diterapkan strategi pelestarian yang berbeda. Dibutuhkan pengawasan khusus untuk pencegahan terhadap ancaman yang mungkin terjadi karena adanya kegiatan pertambangan pada area utama candi., Local government has promulgated Liyangan Site to be one of cultural heritage object since 2018. Liyangan site is a newly discovered site and one of most vulnerable cultural heritage, so it can be broken by internal and external damage. One of the threats that has huge impact on the sustainability of the Liyangan Site is the presence of mines which are located nearly to the site. However, Liyangan Site has important value in historical landscape that is an ancient civilizations development. This research is really important to be held to obtain appropriate preservation recommendations for the Liyangan Site. This research has used historical landscape assessment method to get final result and preservation recommendation for Liyangan Site. Analysis methods in this research using historical landscape characteristics analysis, significance values analysis, community perceptions analysis, and exponential comparisons analysis to obtain conservation priority. In the analysis stage, Liyangan Site is divided into three landscape units, those are Site Core Zone, Site Buffer Zone, and the nearesst village to Liyangan Site. Data processing in this study was carried out by descriptive methods, spatial methods, and quantitative methods. Based on the results of the analysis of public perceptions, historical elements in the form of a temple building on the Liyangan Site are the most characteristic of the historical landscape characteristics of the Liyangan Site as a Hindu relic. The spatial pattern of Liyangan Site is in the form of
Keyword: Historical Landscape, Landscape Character, Liyangan Site, Preservation

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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