Judul: Characteristic reproduction of males Bandicoot (Echymipera kalubu)
Abstrak: Bandicoot (Echymipera kalubu) is one of endemic species in Papua, which has various benefits for the people in Papua. The purpose of this research was to study male reproductive organs characteristics, the quality of cauda epididymal spermatozoa and spermatogenesis processes. This study used 21 males E. kalubu of three different stages of age. Sperm morphology was assessed by using Carbofuchsin (William’s stain) and the stages of spermatogenesis was analized by using Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) stain. The results showed that reproductive organs comprised of gonad (testis), accessory glands and penis. Testis were elipsoid in shape, the accessory glands consisted of prostat gland and Cowper gland, and the penis was bhipid. Epididymal sperm concentration and motility increased with sperm maturity. The length of sperm head, midpiece and principal piece were 2.91±0.40 μm, 13.99±0.87 μm and 145.59±5.38 μm, respectively and the total length of spermatozoa was 162.51±5.12 μm. Finally, E. kalubu had nine stages of spermatogenesis with ten step development of spermatids into spermatozoa.
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Judul: Sifat biologis dan karakteristik karkas dan daging Bandicoot (Echymipera kalubu)
Abstrak: The main objective of this study was to investigate the biological, carcass and meat characteristics of the spiny bandicoots (Echymipera kalubu). The research conducted using explorative method. Sixty eight mature bandicoots consisted of 36 males and 30 females were used to explore external characteristics, morphometry, behaviour, food preference and food intake, carcass and meat characteristics. Organoleptic test was used to have information on taste, smells and meat colour. The results, showed that the frequency and duration of Spiny Bandicoot behaviour at the night were eating (304.31 sec and 7.4 times), drinking (113.79 sec and 5.3 times) and grooming (151.46 sec and 4.85 times). The total time of the bandicoots activity at the night was 1.32 % for eating, drinking and grooming, 55.75 % for foraging and 42.93 % for shelter seeking. White breast bandicoots had obviously heavier hind legs but lighter fore legs meat compared with Red breast bandicoots. Meat and carcass characteristics of male and female bandicoots were dressing percentage (70.48 and 65.13), pH (5.78 and 5.66), tenderness (1.03 and 1.07 kg/cm2), cooking loss (33.62 and 34.47 %) and water holding capacity (37.14 and 35.98 % mgH2O). Meat composition contain complete amino acids and fatty acids, but a bit higher polysaturated fatty acids than other domestic livestocks especially palmitic acids (36.76 %). Flavor (taste, smells) and colour of the meat bandicoots can be accepted by people in Manokwari regency as well as like on pork, chiken and beef.
Keyword: Biological Character, Spiny Bandicoot, Papua, Ex-situ

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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