Judul: Peran Kepemimpinan Dalam Keberhasilan Pengelolaan Program Spp Pnpm Mandiri Perdesaan
Abstrak: Kurang berhasilnya program yang dibuat pemerintah kebanyakan berhubungan dengan lemahnya partisipasi masyarakat dan hal ini berkaitan dengan lemahnya peranan pemimpin. Studi ini dibatasi dengan program Simpan Pinjam untuk kelompok Perempuan (SPP) PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan di Desa Tajurhalang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan peran kepemimpinan dan faktor lainnya dengan partisipasi masyarakat dan keberhasilan pengelolaan program SPP PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu cluster random sampling dengan gugus kelompok yang aktif dan kelompok yang kurang aktif dan masing-masing anggota kelompok dijadikan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) peran kepemimpinan ternyata meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan faktor lainnya yang meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat adalah tingkat pendidikan, dukungan kepala desa, intensitas sosialisasi kegiatan, dan keaktifan tim pendamping, sedangkan lamanya mengikuti program tidak menjamin meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat; (2) partisipasi masyarakat ternyata meningkatkan keberhasilan pengelolaan program dalam peningkatan jumlah pendapatan, pengembalian cicilan, dan terpenuhinya kebutuhan dasar, sedangkan pada tahap evaluasi tidak menjamin adanya keragaman pekerjaan.
Keyword: keberhasilan program, partisipasi, peran kepemimpinan

Judul: Keefektivan Kelembagaan PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Kawasan Pesisir dalam Partisipasi Masyarakat terhadap Program Pemberdayaan
Abstrak: Involvement of coastal communities in several empowerment programs determined the program’s success and sustainability. Frequently, participation is overlooked due to the lack of public access in utilizing local institutions. In addition, the participation in the empowerment program indicate the effectiveness of existing institutions in the society, so that existing institutions can still be obeyed and maintained. Participation of Coastal community in Sasak village in empowerment program by PNPM is tokenism. PNPM function as a means to improve employment opportunities and poor communities’s welfare in Nagari Sasak less accomplished. PNPM Mandiri has implemented as it should, but more emphasis on empowering physically villages such as building roads, meeting houses, the addition of classroom/school building, borrowing capital. Critics of the existing strategy focused on the implementation on the field. It is performed more intensive to socialization activities in the community to recognize and understand the habits of program beneficiaries who are mostly young people. Joint action aims to produce better commitment between the actors and the PNPM Mandiri program beneficiaries.
Keyword: empowerment program and empowerment strategy., participation, coastal community, effectiveness of institution

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: