Judul: Transkripsi Suara ke Teks Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Suku Kata Menggunakan Codebook dan 2-level Dynamic Programming
Abstrak: Voice to text transcription is very useful because it allows people to interact with a system more quickly. However, it is hard for a system to recognize a speech which contains of connected words. This research aims to develop a system that recognize a connected word speech. The proposed approach uses MFCC as a feature extraction, codebook as pattern recognition method, and 2-level dynamic programming as connected words recognition method. The parameters used in feature extraction using MFCC are overlap, time frame, and number of cepstral coefficients. Moreover the parameter used in K-means clustering is the number of clusters. This research uses 900 syllable’s speech data from 18 classes, and 120 connected word’s speech data which consist of 60 testing data joined from training data and 60 real testing data. The results showed that the optimum value of K was 15, with the minimum word error rate of 0.1 for the ‘Ide Anda’ words resulted from joining words of training data with the overlap value of 0.25, the time frame value of 25 ms, the number of cepstral coefficients of 13, and the number of clusters of 20.
Keyword: dynamic programming, connected word, codebook, MFCC, K-means

Judul: Penerapan Model Codebook untuk Transkripsi Suara ke Teks dengan Ekstraksi Ciri Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC)
Abstrak: The advancement of information technology has triggered various demands in utilizing computer. One of them is to make computers able to communicate naturally with humans. This study uses MFCC as a feature extraction method and codebook as a pattern recognition method for voice-to-text transcription. The clustering technique used in this study is k-means. Data obtained from MFCC are clustered using the k-means method, and the model for classification is constructed using the codebook method. The utilized MFCC parameters are sampling frequency 11 000 Hz, time frame 23.27 ms, overlapping 39%. 300 voice data in WAV files with 5 seconds of duration each, are used as the training data and test data to determine the number of cepstral coefficients and the number of cluster that can produce the highest accurancy. The experiment is conducted by recognizing each syllable in 60 the test data with 240 training data. Simulation result shows that the maximum accurancy obtained is 98.3% at 26 cepstral coefficients and 12 clusters.
Keyword: voice transcription, MFCC, k-means, codebook

Judul: Mercury Toxicity and It’s Effect on Histopathology Change of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Abstrak: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of fish species that oportunity to contaminated with mercury. The effects of pollutants can damage living organisms organs and can cause death. The effects caused mercury had acute or chronic character. The aims of this study are to determine threshold and acute toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), to assess the effect of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on several biometric parameters (survival, growth rate of average daily weighted, liver condition, bile and reproductive variability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), assess the level of damage to the histological structure of the gills, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure. This study was conducted from February to June 2013. Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study were female with average weight 20 grams or 11-13 cm length range. Toxicant materials used in this study was mercury chloride (HgCl2). Fish were reared in each aquarium 60x40x30 containing 48 liters of water. This study consists of three stages: a preliminary test, acute test, and sub-chronic test. To determine the changes in biometric condition of tilapia approximated by measuring the survival rate (SR), the growth rate of average daily weight , the content of mercury in the fish organs, hepatosomatic index (HSI), the relative bile volume (VER), gonadal soamtic index (IKG), fecundity and oocit diameter, tissue damage caused by mercury in fish organs by making histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The median lethal concentration (96 hr, LC50) of Mercury Chloride was calculated as 1,64 mgL--1.The survival rate was highest in the control treatment (46,67 %) . Mercury chloride with concentration 0.196 mgL--1 show significant effect to changes HSI and relative bile volume, and oocyte diameter of Nile tilapia (p < 0,05). Mercury chloride with a concentration of 0,164 mgL-1 and 0,196 mgL-1 have not a significant effect on the growth rate of weight, gonadal somatic index and fecundity of Nile tilapia (p > 0,05). Mercury chloride cause damage to gills (hyperplasia, hypertrophy, proliferation and neukrosis), liver (hyperplasia, hemorhage, shrinkage of hepatocytes, proliferation and neukrosis) and kidney (hyperplasia, hemorrhage, shrinkage of the glomerulus, proliferation and neukrosis).
Keyword: Nile tilapia, Hepatosomatic indexs (HSI), histopathology