Judul: Composting of organic rice straw towards “Zero Waste Production Management”
Abstrak: Budidaya padi sawah merupakan kegiatan yang lazim dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, terutama daerah pedesaan. Konsep yang diterapkan petani saat ini adalah dengan memberikan kebutuhan unsur hara tanaman menggunakan pupuk kimia sintetik menurut dosis yang telah ditentukan. Pemberian pupuk kimia sintetik secara tidak langsung telah menyebabkan degradasi lahan pertanian dan dalam proses produksi pupuk tersebut juga dikeluarkan emisi gas langsung ke udara. Budidaya padi selain menghasilkan beras, juga menghasilkan limbah berupa jerami, sekam, dan gas metana serta non metana. Jerami merupakan limbah potensial yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan budidaya padi dengan potensi 12-15 ton/ha jerami segar. Pada umumnya Jerami dibakar oleh petani untuk mereduksi volume limbah dan kegiatan ini menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang akan meningkatkan pemanasan global sebagai gas rumah kaca dan menimbulkan limbah baru berupa abu (ash) sisa dari pembakaran.
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Judul: Karbon Organik Tanah dan Emisi Karbon dari Budidaya Padi dengan Pupuk Organik Berbeda
Abstrak: Indonesia rice fields covering an area of approximately 10.9 million acres is expected to contribute about 1% of total global methane. The addition of organic matters into paddy fields is thought to be one factor for increasing of green house gas emissions especially methane from rice fields. The research was conducted to determine the correlation of soil organic carbon to carbon emissions from rice cultivation. The experimental design used Randomized Complete with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed in each treatment were soil organic matter content, the growth of rice plants, bacterial counts of heterotrophs and metanotrophs, and the rate of CH4 and CO2 emissions. The addition of compost increased the ratio of siol organic carbon and nitrogen. Soil and compost ratio of 1:1 performed lower methane emissions. Increasing of soil organic matter showed increasing of CH4 and CO2 emissions. Methane emissions are also associated with waterlogged soil conditions that are favorable for the methanogenic bacteria.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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