Judul: Pengembangan minuman lidah buaya (Aloe vera) menggunakan pemanis buatan
Abstrak: Tingkat persaingan yang semakin tinggi dan ketat dalam industri minuman menyebabkan industri pangan terus melakukan inovasi. Salah satu kegiatan yang terus dilakukan di industri pangan adalah kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan (research and development)produk. Penelitian dan pengembangan produk merupakan suatu upaya untuk menghasilkan produk yang bermutu dan mempunyai nilai tambah serta kompetitif dibandingkan produk sebelumnya serta produk tersebut disukai konsumen.
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Judul: Pembuatan minuman berkarbon sari lidah buaya (Aloe vera)
Abstrak: Minuman berkarbon sari lidah buaya dibuat dari daun lidah buaya (Aloe vera) yang dihancurkan dan diekstrak sarinya. Sebelum diolah, daun lidah buaya disimpan dalam lemari es untuk mengurangi bau langunya. Penambahan asam sitrat 0.12 persen dan garam dapur 0.025 persen ditujukan untuk mengurangi jumlah saponin dan rasa getir. Sedangkan penjernihan pekatan dilakukan dengan penambahan bentonite sebanyak 0.2 persen. Jumlah pekatan yang digunakan pada minuman akan ber- pengaruh terhadap pH, kadar CO2, keasaman, total gula, kekentalan, total padatan terlarut, dan penilaian orga- noleptik. Total padatan terlarut, total gula, keasaman, kekentalan, dan pH akan naik dengan semakin banyaknya pekatan yang digunakan sedangkan kadar CO2 dan peni- , laian organoleptik akan menurun. Pasteurisasi setelah pembotolan dan penambahan na- trium benzoat berpengaruh langsung terhadap pertumbuhan kapang dan khamir yang selanjutnya akan mempengaruhi konsistensi minuman. Selama penyimpanan, keasaman dan total kapang/khamir meningkat, sedangkan kekentalan dan kadar 002 akan menurun. Total gula dan total padatan terlarut meningkat pada awal penyimpanan dan menurun pada periode penyimpanan selanjutnya….
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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