Judul: EVALUATION OF LANDSAT IMAGE IN ESTIMATING SURFACE TEMPERATURE ON VARIOUS LAND COVERS USING SPLIT WINDOW ALGORITHM  (Case Study: Revegetation Ex-mine Area in Air Buluh Village)
Abstrak: Suhu permukaan lahan merupakan parameter penting dalam berbagai macam studi ilmiah seperti ekologi, hidrologi, dan pemanasan global. Karakteristik tanah dan penggunaan tutupan lahan sangat mempengaruhi nilai suhu permukaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan karakteristik tanah terhadap suhu tanah serta perubahan suhu spasial yang disebabkan oleh perubahan tutupan lahan menggunakan metode split window algorithm di wilayah Desa Air Buluh. Puncak penambangan tahun 2010 mengakibatkan lahan bekas tambang mencapai luas 400,2 Ha. Revegetasi membuat penurunan lahan bekas tambang menjadi 62,8 Ha pada tahun 2019. Revegetasi dilakukan dengan menjadikan lahan untuk area pertanian dan perkebunan. Perubahan tutupan lahan akibat aktivitas penambangan sebelum tahun 2010 mempengaruhi nilai kenaikan suhu permukaan. Sedangkan kegiatan revegetasi setelah tahun 2010 mempengaruhi penurunan suhu permukaan. Nilai suhu permukaan paling tinggi terdapat pada tahun 2003 sebesar 31,8°C, dan nilai suhu paling rendah terdapat pada tahun 2015 sebesar 20,1°C. Tutupan lahan sawit >10 tahun di lapangan menunjukan nilai suhu permukaan paling rendah sebesar 27,7°C±1, sedangkan nilai suhu permukaan paling tinggi di lapangan terdapat pada ladang pertanian sebesar 34,2°C±2,6. Penelitian ini menunjukan keterkaitan suhu tanah kedalaman 0cm dengan suhu citra satelit merupakan parameter terbaik dengan tingkat akurasi MAD 1,10, RMSE 1,26, dan R² > 0,5. Pola suhu tanah menunjukan semakin dalam kedalaman tanah maka suhu tanah semakin rendah. Nilai suhu tanah menunjukan semakin rendah kandungan bahan organik, air tanah, dan kemampuan legas tanah menyebabkan suhu tanahnya tinggi. Kata kunci: bekas tambang, pengindraan jauh, suhu permukaan, tutupan lahan, Land surface temperature is an important parameter in various scientific studies such as ecology, hydrology, and global warming. Soil characteristics and land cover use greatly affect the value of surface temperature. This study aims to determine the relationship between soil characteristics and soil temperature and changes in spatial temperature caused by land cover changes using the split window algorithm method in the Air Buluh Village area. The peak of mining in 2010 resulted in ex-mining land reaching an area of 400.2 Ha. Reclamation reduces exmining land to 62.8 hectares in 2019. Reclamation is carried out by converting land to agricultural and plantation areas. Changes in land cover due to mining activities prior to 2010 affect the value of the increase in surface temperature. Meanwhile, reclamation activities after 2010 affect the decrease in surface temperature. The highest surface temperature value was in 2003 at 31.8°C, and the lowest temperature value was in 2015 at 20.1°C. Oil palm land cover >10 years in the field shows the lowest surface temperature value of 27.7°C±1, while the highest surface temperature value in the field is found in agricultural fields of 34.2°C±2.6. This study shows the relationship between 0cm depth soil temperature and satellite image temperature is the best parameter with an accuracy level of MAD 1.10, RMSE 1.26, and R² > 0.5. The soil temperature pattern shows the deeper the depth of the soil, the lower the soil temperature. The value of soil temperature shows that the lower the content of organic matter, groundwater, and the ability of the soil to release soil causes the soil temperature to be high. Keywords: ex-mining land, land cover, remote sensing, surface temperature
Keyword: ex-mining land, land cover, remote sensing, surface temperature

Judul: Aplikasi pengindraan jauh untuk menduga suhu permukaan dan udara di lahan gambut dan mineral dengan menggunakan metode neraca energi: area study Sampit, Kalimantan tengah
Abstrak: Prediction using satellite imagery can be very useful if used to estimate the temperature in different regions with different land cover types. This study aims to analyze the surface and rising air temperatures in peat lands and minerals, with the energy balance approach using satellite image data TM / ETM +. The methodology undertaken is the determination of the study area, initial processing of satellite images that include: data import images, geometric correction, radiometric, land cover classification, extraction of surface temperature values and calculate the components of energy balance to determine the value of air temperature. The results showed that land use change on mineral and peat soil for 15 years resulted in increased surface temperatures and air temperatures. The range of average surface temperature as a whole in 1989 for mineral soil and peat (27-41) oC, In 2004 the surface temperature of the mineral soil (32-40) oC, and peat (29-35) oC, and the average value range of temperatures (25-36) oC. On the other hand detection of surface temperature using thermal bands of satellite imagery, should pay attention to aspects of the use of their land to avoid misinterpretation, because the condition of land cover types were very influential in the increase or decrease the temperature of the sector in a region.
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Judul: Sintesis Krisin dari Floroglusinol
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, widely distributed in vascular plants. Flavones containing hydroxyl groups at 5 and 7 position are quite important regarding their biological activities and their abiquity in nature. Flavone having hydroxyl groups only at position 5 and 7 or 5,7-dihydroxyflavone is known as chrysin. In this study, crude chrysin had been successfully synthesized in 3 steps from phloroglucinol as starting material. Phloroglucinol was acetylated with acetonitrile and HCl gas, resulting phloroacetophenone amount to 74%. Phloroacetophenone benzoylation with 4.5 equivalents of benzoyl chloride produced tribenzoyl phloroacetophenone in 103–107% of yield and the subsequent Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester by using KOH in dried pyridine produced crude chrysin, with conversion percentage of 71.62%. All synthetic products had been characterized by melting point and spectroscopically.
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