Judul: Rhizoctonia sp. Inhibition Test using Citronella and Clove Essential Oils
Abstrak: Benih dan bibit di persemaian seringkali terserang oleh penyakit. Salah satu patogen penyebab penyakit yang sering ditemukan di persemaian adalah Rhizoctonia sp. Pengendalian hayati sangat diperlukan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan Rhizoctonia sp. Selain mengurangi kerusakan lingkungan akibat penggunaan fungisida kimiawi, bahan dasarnya sangat mudah didapatkan dengan harga yang terjangkau. Tumbuhan mengandung banyak bahan kimia yang merupakan metabolit sekunder dan digunakan oleh tumbuhan sebagai alat pertahanan dari serangan organisme pengganggu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh minyak atsiri serai wangi dan cengkih dalam menghambat pertumbuhan patogen Rhizoctonia sp. secara in vitro (media ADK dan KDK) dan in vivo (bibit sengon). Metode penelitian meliputi penyiapan isolat patogen, penghambatan secara in vitro dan in vivo, serta pengamatan mikroskopis. Minyak atsiri yang digunakan adalah serai wangi, cengkih, dan kombinasi serai wangi dengan cengkih. Konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 0%, 0,1%, 0,5%, dan 1%. Minyak atsiri serai wangi dan cengkih mengandung senyawa antifungi dan antioksidan sehingga dapat mencegah dan menghambat patogen dalam menyebabkan penyakit. Serai wangi 1%, cengkih 0,5% dan cengkih 1% memberikan persentase penghambatan tertinggi terhadap pertumbuhan diameter isolat, luas serangan, dan intensitas serangan yang disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia sp. Perlakuan minyak atsiri cengkih 1% memberikan penghambatan paling tinggi terhadap pertumbuhan biomassa patogen. Perbedaan jenis minyak atsiri berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter diameter isolat, luas dan intensitas serangan penyakit. Perbedaan konsentrasi minyak atsiri memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap parameter diameter isolat, biomassa, luas dan intensitas serangan penyakit. Minyak atsiri serai wangi 1%, cengkih 0,5 % dan cengkih 1% menghasilkan penghambatan tertinggi untuk seluruh parameter yang diukur., Diseases often attack seeds and seedlings in nurseries. One of the disease-causing pathogens often found in nurseries is Rhizoctonia sp. Biological kontrol is needed to inhibit the growth of Rhizoctonia sp. In addition to reducing environmental damage due to the use of chemical fungicides, the essential ingredients are straightforward to obtain at an affordable price. Plants contain many chemicals which are secondary metabolites and are used by plants as a means of defense from attacks by disturbing organisms. This study aims to analyze the effect of citronella and clove essential oils on inhibiting the growth of the pathogen Rhizoctonia sp. in vitro (on medium PDA and PDB) and in vivo (sengon seedlings). Research methods include preparing pathogen isolates, in vitro and in vivo inhibition, and microscopic observations. The essential oils used are citronella, cloves, and a combination of citronella and cloves. The concentrations used were 0%, 0,1%, 0,5%, and 1%. Essential oils of citronella and cloves contain antifungal and antioxidant compounds that can prevent and inhibit fungi from causing disease. Citronella 1%, cloves 0,5%, and cloves 1% gave the highest percentage of inhibition on the growth of isolate diameter, disease incidence, and disease severity caused by Rhizoctonia sp. Treatment of 1% clove essential oil gave the highest inhibition of the growth of fungal biomass. The different types of essential oils significantly affect the parameters of the isolate diameter, disease incidence, and disease severity. Differences in essential oil concentrations significantly affected the parameters of isolate diameter, biomass, disease incidence, and disease severity. Essential oils of 1% citronella, 0.5% cloves, and 1% cloves produced the highest
Keyword: antifungal, concentration, in vitro, in vivo, pathogen

Judul: The Influence of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) and Turmeric (Curcuma domestica Val.) Essential Oils on The Growth of Rhizoctonia sp. in Vitro
Abstrak: Minyak atsiri merupakan salah satu komponen yang dapat dijadikan sebagai pestisida nabati karena memiliki kandungan yang bersifat antifungi seperti kandungan senyawa pada minyak atsiri nilam dan kunyit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji daya hambat minyak atsiri nilam dan kunyit beserta kombinasinya dengan berbagai konsentrasi terhadap pertumbuhan Rhizoctonia sp. secara in vitro. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menggunakan minyak atsiri nilam, kunyit, serta kombinasi nilam dan kunyit dengan konsentrasi 1%, 5%, dan 10% pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) dan Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). Hasil uji penghambatan patogen secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa jenis dan konsentrasi minyak pada media PDA berpengaruh nyata terhadap penghambatan Rhizoctonia sp., sedangkan pada media PDB hanya konsentrasi yang berpengaruh nyata. Kombinasi minyak atsiri dengan konsentrasi 10% pada media PDA dan kunyit dengan konsentrasi 10% pada media PDB menunjukkan respon penghambatan tertinggi., Essential oil is a component that can be used as a biopesticide because it contains antifungal properties, such as the compounds in patchouli and turmeric essential oils. This study examines the inhibition of patchouli and turmeric essential oils and their combinations with various concentrations on the growth of the pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia sp. in vitro. Observations were made using patchouli essential oil, turmeric, and an assortment of patchouli and turmeric with concentrations of 1%, 5%, and 10% on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) dan Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) media. The in vitro pathogen inhibition test showed that the inhibitory effect of Rhizoctonia sp. by type and concentration of essential oil on PDA media was significant. In contrast, on PDB media, only attention had a significant impact. The combination of essential oils with a concentration of 10% on PDA media and turmeric with a concentration of 10% on PDB media showed the highest inhibitory response.
Keyword: Antifungal, damping-off, metabolit sekunder/secondary metabolites, pestisida nabati/biopesticides

Judul: Konstruksi Hukum Grup Kurva Eliptik Atas F3m
Abstrak: Elliptic curves upon F3m can be divided in two cases, i.e. supersingular and nonsupersingular case. Based on group laws on elliptic curves, a new arithmetic upon F3m can be formulated as an addition process of two random points on the curve. This addition process can then be applied to the ElGamal algorithm.
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