Judul: Penyamakan Khrom Kulit Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcalifer) Dikombinasi dengan Ekstrak Biji Pinang terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Kulit
Abstrak: Leather tanning is a process of converting of skin or hide protein into leather with adequate strength properties, resistance to various biological and physical agents, and capable of being used for a wide range of purposes. The use of vegetable tanning process leather tanning hasn't been much done. Vegetable materials used are derived from areca nut. This plant contains tannins which are the main substances in the process of leather tanning. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of the use of areca seed extract against physical quality Giant sea perch. Areca seed extracted using ethanol to get tanner tannins as an ingredient. The addition of areca seed extract affects physical properties of the skin. The physical properties are influenced, among others, thickness, elongation, tear strength, and sewing strength. Concentration of 10% gives the best effect for the four physical properties are analyzed.
Keyword: vegetable tanning, leather tanning, areca nut

Judul: Penyamakan Kulit Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) Dengan Menggunakan Penyamakan Kombinasi Aldehida dan Nabati
Abstrak: The research of tuna’s leather tanning had been developed at laboratory scale with some type of tannages and not yet achieved optimum results. Therefore, further research is directed toward the combination of several types of tannage in order to obtain the optimum result. Combination tanning is a tanning process using two or more tannages in order to complete each other’s advantage and disadvantage. This research aimed to determine the effects of vegetable tannages (e.g. mimosa, gambier, and quebracho) and its concentrations (10%, 15%, and 20%) on the quality of leather produced using combination tanning. It also aimed to determine the best combination of treatments. Based on the result of this research, the type of vegetable tannages had a significant effect on increase of thickness, shrinkage temperature, tear strength, and elongation at break of the leathers. Concentration had no significant effect on physical properties of tanned leather. Interaction of two factors had no significant effect on physical properties of tanned leather. Combination tanning using 3% glutaraldehyde and 20% mimosa presented the best result. The physical properties of tanned leather resulted were 20.8% increase of thickness, shrinkage temperature of 88°C, tensile strength of 17.8 N/mm2, elongation of break of 41.4%, and tear strength of 54.59 N/mm². Organoleptic properties of the tanned leather were flexibility (fell or handle) in the scale of 6–7 and color of 7–8.
Keyword: tanned leather properties, vegetable tannages, glutaraldehyde, combination tanning, leather

Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg