Judul: Meningkatkan Efektifitas Pup Uk Majemuk Phonska Untuk Pertanaman Ba Yam (Amaranthus tricolor. L) Dengan Penambahan Bahan Organik Pada Latosol Darmaga
Abstrak: In general fertilizer application is needed to add nutrients for plant growth. However, fertilizer application may become inefficient due to leaching. Therefore ameliorant application is needed to reduce the level of leaching. The objective of this research was to study the efficacy of compound fertilizer PHONSKA on Latosol Darmaga as effected by various level of compost and irrigation water applications. The level of compost applied consisted of 0 tonlha (KO), 10 tonnes/ha (K 1) and 20 tonnes/ha (K2). The level of irrigation water applied consisted of 100 % Field Capacity (FC) (AI), 120 % Fe (A2), 140 % Fe (A3) and 160 % Fe (A4). All treatments were arranged using factorial completely randomized design with three replications. Therefore, there were 12 treatment combinations with three replications to make 36 experimental units. Statistical analysis showed that the application of compost reduced significantly the total leaching of Nand P but increased the total leaching of K and spinach production. On the other hand, the increasing of water application above field capacity increased significantly total N, P and K leaching, and reduced spinach production. Interaction between compost application and irrigation water application above field capacity showed that the efficacy of PHONSKA utilitation for spinach production will be increased with the increasing compost application up to 20 tonnes/ha, when water application did not exceed 100 % field capacity. The efficacy of PHONSKA fertilizer will be decreased, when the application of irrigation water exceeded 100 % field capacity on every level of compost applications.
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Judul: Meningkatkan efektifitas pupuk majemuk phonska untuk pertanaman bayam, Amaranthus tricolor L. dengan bahan organik pada latosol Darmaga
Abstrak: Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan unsur hara bagi tanaman perlu adanya penambahan hara melalui pemupukan. Ada kalanya pemberian pupuk ini menjadi tidak efisien karena adanya pencucian akibat kelebihan air baik dari hujan maupun kelebihan pemberian air. Untuk mengurangi tingkat pencucian maka diperlukan pemberian amelioran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan efektifitas pupuk majemuk PHONSKA pada tanah Latosol Dermaga sebagai akibat pemberian kompos dan eir di atas kader air kapasitas lapang. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial, yang terdiri dari dua faktor. Faktor ke satu adalah pemberian kompos yang terdiri dari 0 ton/ha (KO), 10 ton/ha (KI), 20 ton/ha (K2) dan faktor ke dua adalah perlakuan pemberian air yang terdiri dari 100 % Kadar Air Kapasitas Lapang (KAKL) (A1), 120 % KAKL (A2), 140 % KAKL (A3), 160 KAKL (A4). Dengan demikian terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan yang diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga didapatkan 36 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kompos nyata. menurunkan total pencucian N dan P tetapi meningkatkan total pencucian K dan produksi bayam, sedangkan pemberian air di atas kapasitas lapang nyata meningkatkan total pencucian N, P dan K tetapi menurunkan produksi bayan. Interaksi antara penggunaan kompos dan pemberian air di atas kapasitas lapang menunjukkan bahwa efektifitas pupuk PHONSKA untuk tanaman bayam akan meningkat dengan pemberian kompos sampai 20 ton/ha, apabila pemberian air hanya sampai 100 % KAKL. Efektifitas pupuk PHONSKA pada tanaman bayam akan menurun dengan meningkatnya pemberian air melebihi 100 % KAKL pada setiap level pemberian kompos.
Keyword: Pupuk organik, Tanah latosol

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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