Judul: Sensitivitas Antimikroba dari Bakteri Terisolasi yang paling umum pada Feline Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)
Abstrak: In cats, upper respiratory tract infection (URI) can be associated with primary or secondary bacterial infection and is generally treated with antimicrobials. Antimicrobial use can be inappropriate, and overuse. There are no detailed protocols for treatment, such as those available for human treatment. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial sensitivity of the most isolated bacteria in cats that infected with the upper respiratory tract (URI). Isolation and identification of bacteria in samples of cats infected with the upper respiratory tract (URI) were then continued with the antibiotic sensitivity test for amoxicillin, doxycycline, tetracycline, azithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and cefotaxime using the Kirby Bauer Agar Disc diffusion method. Based on the research results, the bacteria identified were Enterobacter spp, Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Serratia spp, and Yersinia spp, Micrococcus spp, Klebsiella spp and Hafnia spp. Amoxicillin antibiotic resistance was found in four isolates of Staphylococcus spp and two isolates resistant to cefotaxime. Amoxicillin and tetracycline antibiotic resistance were found in one isolate of Streptococcus spp, two isolates resistant to cefotaxime and two intermediate isolates to doxycycline. One isolate of Enterobacter spp was resistant to amoxicillin, azithromycin and two isolates were resistant to cefotaxime. All tested isolates were sensitive to ciprofloxacin. Based on the antibiotic sensitivity test, most isolates were sensitive, but there were isolates resistant to antibiotics, especially amoxicillin and cefotaxime., Pada kucing, infeksi saluran pernapasan atas (URI) dapat dikaitkan dengan infeksi bakteri primer atau sekunder dan umumnya dilakukan pengobatan dengan antimikroba. Penggunaaan antimikroba yang tidak tepat, dan penggunaannya berlebihan. Tidak ada protokol rinci untuk pengobatan, seperti yang tersedia untuk pengobatan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepekaan antimikroba dari bakteri yang diidentifikasi pada kucing yang terinfeksi saluran pernapasan atas (URI). Dilakukan isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri pada sampel kucing yang terinfeksi saluran pernapasan atas (URI) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji kepekaan antibiotik amoksisilin, doksisiklin, tetrasiklin, azitromisin, siprofloksasin, dan sefotaksim dengan metode difusi Kirbey Bauer Agar Dics. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, bakteri yang dapat diidentifikasi adalah Enterobacter spp, Streptococcus spp, Staphylococcus spp, Pseudomonas spp, Seratia spp, Yersinia spp, Micrococcus spp, Klebsiella spp dan Hafnia spp. Ditemukan resistansi antibiotik amoksisilin pada empat isolat Staphylococcus spp dan dua isolat resistan terhadap sefotaksim. Resistansi antibiotik amoksisilin dan tetrasiklin ditemukan pada satu isolat Streptococcus spp, dua isolat resistan terhadap sefotaksim serta dua isolat intermediet terhadap doksisiklin. Satu isolat bakteri Enterobacter spp resistan terhadap amoksisilin, azitromisin dan dua isolat resistan terhadap sefotaksim. Semua isolat yang diuji sensitif terhadap siprofloksasin. Berdasarkan uji kepekaan antibiotik, sebagian besar isolat bersifat sensitif, namun terdapat ada isolat yang resistan terhadap antibiotik, terutama amoksisilin dan sefotaksim.
Keyword: Antibiotics, antibiotics resistant, bacteria, cat, Upper Respiratory Tract Infection (URI)

Judul: Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from Cats at Several Animal Clinics in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Klebsiella spp. merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial. Klebsiella spp. dapat menyerang saluran pernapasan dan pencernaan kucing. Resistansi antibiotik dapat memperburuk kondisi dan memperlambat penyembuhan pasien yang terinfeksi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji resistansi berbagai jenis antibiotik pada Klebsiella spp. yang diisolasi dari kucing rawat inap dan rawat jalan di klinik hewan di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari koleksi sampel, isolasi dan identifikasi, serta uji resistansi dengan metode disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat resistansi isolat Klebsiella spp. berbeda-beda pada setiap antibiotik uji. Isolat uji menunjukkan resistan terhadap ampisilin, sefotaksim, doksisiklin, metronidazol, dan eritromisin. Isolat Klebsiella spp. masih tergolong sensitif terhadap antibiotik aztreonam, gentamisin, enrofloksasin, dan amoksisilin. Terdapat 9 isolat yang terindikasikan sebagai multi-drug resistance., Klebsiella spp. is one of the bacteria that can cause nosocomial infections. Klebsiella spp. could infect the respiratory and digestive tract of the cat. Antibiotic resistance can aggravate the condition and slow the healing of patients who infected by bacteria. This study aims to test the resistance of various types of antibiotics on Klebsiella spp. isolated from cats at several animal clinics in Bogor Regency. This research method consists of sample collection, isolation and identification, and antibiotic resistance tests with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin. The isolate still classified as sensitive to the antibiotics aztreonam, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and amoxicillin. There are 9 isolates classified as multidrug-resistance.
Keyword: Antibiotic, cat, Klebsiella spp., resistance

Judul: Dynamics Model for Rural and Urban Economic Growth
Abstrak: Lewis theory of structural change has focused on mechanisms that allow countries to transform their domestic economic structure to a more modern economy. The proposed model deals with the mechanism of interaction between rural and urban Economic. This model is concerned with the process of labor transfer from rural to urban areas. This study aims to model the dynamics of economic growth in rural and urban areas, including determining the equilibrium solution and to carry out simulation of the model. The simulation results show that the transfer of labor from rural to urban areas will increase the rate of change of capital so that structural changes can be realized. In addition, increased propensity to save in rural areas will also accelerate structural change
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