Judul: Electronic power of attorney by using digital signature algorithm
Abstrak: The protocol of electronic power of attorney is an online form of a power of attorney with paper media. Signatures used in electronic power of attorney is a digital signature. Digital signature algorithm used is the Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA). The scopes of this research are: 1) the protocol of electronic power of attorney that will be made, including an unstamped under the counter power of attorney, 2) created Protocol doesn’t include the protocol of online submission form of power of attorney to the tax officials, 3) there are two Digital signatures made, endorser and endorsee. The method of this research consists of several processes, the problem analysis, literature review, the making of electronic mail protocols, simulation making and security analysis. The protocol of electronic power of attorney is adapted to the making conditions of a power of attorney in Indonesia. The power of attorney is generally composed of the identity of endorser and endorsee, power transfer, and the signature of endorser and endorsee. It is assumed that in this study there has been a protocol of online form application of power of attorney to the tax man. This application form is in the form of watermarked file as a replacement of stamp. Power of attorney file is signed twice with DSA. The endorser made a power of attorney, signed and sent it to the endorsee. The endorsee verified the power of attorney. If it was appropriate, the endorsee signed it. The endorsee then run the command in accordance with the contents of a power of attorney. The power of attorney was taken to a third party. The third party verified the signature of endorser and endorsee. The simulation of electronic power of attorney protocol is built using Java programming language. The software used is Netbeans IDE 7.0.1. DSA which was taken from a java library and the hash function used is SHA1. From the simulation, the security of protocols can be ensured. The safety criteria which are fulfilled are the integrity of a power of attorney contents can be guaranteed, and the signature of endorser and endorsee can certainly be made by the person concerned. This research was carried out only by making electronic power of attorney protocol. This study does not include protocol of stamp replacement and notary. Power of attorney which has a powerful position in Indonesian law is a letter which is signed in front of a notary or signed by a notary, and stamped.
Keyword: Digital Signature Algorithm (DSA), java, protocols, electronic power of attorney

Judul: Sistem tanda tangan digital online untuk naskah dinas menggunakan algoritma DSA (Digital Signature Algorithm)
Abstrak: Digital signature is the result of a cryptographic transformation from a message with a certain length of bits that can provide a mechanism to verify the origin authentication, data integrity, and non-repudiation of the signatories. The purpose of this study is to implement digital signatures on official letter using the DSA algorithm and test the execution time for the process of key pair formation, signature formation, and signature verification. Users of the system consists of three entities, namely employees, admin, and the certification authority. The development system was able to generate the private key and public key, generate a signature in the form of a compressed file (zip), and verify the signature and the public key along with the certificate. Functionality test of the system showed that 100% of the functions work is well. Execution time test concluded that the type and size of the official letter was not directly related to the execution time when the signatures were generated dan verified. Verification test of signature with specific scenarios showed that the signature file was not resistant to the attempt of re-extraction and re-compression.
Keyword: official letter, DSA, digital signature

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan