Judul: Aplikasi Kompos Bungkil Jarak Pagar untuk Mereduksi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Karbondioksida (CO2), Metana (CH4) dan Dinitro-Oksida (N2O) dari Perkebunan Jarak Pagar
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas cake compost application in agricultural practiced can increase soil organic carbon and improve amonification, nitrification and nitrogen fixation which good for plant. On the other hand, compost had potentially increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emission especially CO2, CH4 and N2O. This research was conducted to measure the GHG of this compost application and have been done in two steps. Firstly, clear the diurnal change in the GHG emission to determine the time of maximum GHG emitted to the air. It showed that the average concentration of CO2 and CH4 was higher during nighttime while N2O was higher during daytime. The maximum concentration of CO2, CH4 and N2O appears at 06:00 p.m. (354 ppm), 05:00 a.m. (5.4 ppm) and 04:00 p.m. (5.5 ppm). Secondly, identification of CO2, CH4 and N2O emission from compost application and compared to an-organic fertilizer (urea and slow release urea). The result showed that concentration of CH4 from Jatropha curcas cake compost was lower than urea at 3, 5 and 7 day after fertilization while N 2O from compost was higher at 3 and 14 day after fertilization. Urea application enhances CH4 emission by increasing metanogen activity. Meanwhile, addition of organic matter into soil caused oxygen deficiency and increase nitrate denitrification to N2O. Compared to slow release urea, CH4 concentration from compost was higher at 3, 5 and 14 day after fertilization. N2O from compost was lower at 5 and 14 day after fertilization. Calculation of total CH4 and N2O during 14 day showed that CH4 from compost was lower (621 mgC/m2) than urea (630 mgC/m2) and slow released urea (638 mgC/m2) while N2O from compost was highest (455 mgN/m2).
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Judul: Emisi gas CH4 dan serapan karbon dari aplikasi pupuk anorganik, organik dan tanaman sela pada budidaya jarak pagar
Abstrak: Production of Jatropha as a biofuel can be increased by fertilization. Subtitution chemical fertilizer into organic fertilizer have to consider the methane (CH4) emissions from soil that fertilizer applied. In this study the rate of methane (CH4) emission from jatropha cake compost (-0.99 CH4/m2/hour) and peanuts intercrops (- 0.62 CH4/m2/hour) is lower than urea fertilizer (- 0.04 CH4/m2/hour). Carbon sequestration is a reference to see the potential of the plant to reduce the CO2 in the atmosphere. Application of urea fertlizer showed carbon uptake (13.62 tonnes C/ha/year) higher than between fertilizer application (12.83 ton C/ha/year) and jatropha cake compost (11.09 tonnes C/ha/year). The productivity of jatropha from the jatropha cake compost (152 kg/ha/year) and intercrops (147.1 kg/ha/year) application was higher than urea fertilizer (147 kg/ha /year).
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Tubuh Buaya Senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii)
Abstrak: Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan buaya besar yang rentan punah dan hanya dapat ditemukan di rawa dataran rendah, danau dan sungai di Sumatera bagian timur, Kalimantan dan Jawa Barat (Indonesia), Serawak, Semenanjung Malaysia (Malaysia) serta Brunei Darussalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong yang dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu set preparat skelet tubuh buaya senyulong. Parameter penelitian meliputi pengamatan bentuk bagian skelet yang khas, mengukur panjang dan lebar tulang, serta dibandingkan dengan skelet tubuh jenis buaya lain, biawak air (Varanus salvator) maupun literatur yang terkait dengan sistem skelet tubuh hewan. Karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong relatif mirip pada jenis buaya lain. Beberapa karakteristik yang ditemukan yaitu, proatlas pada os atlas, os axis hanya memiliki zygapophysis caudalis, bagian lateral dari ossa vertebrae cervicales yang dilengkapi dengan cervical ribs, memiliki jumlah costae sternalis yang banyak, rangkaian ossa gastralia pada abdomen, ossa vertebrae lumbales memiliki zygapophysis cranialis dengan sudut >90o dari sumbu tubuh. Selain itu, os vertebrae caudalis I memiliki caput cranial dan caudal, ossa vertebrae caudales memiliki processus transversus yang semakin memendek ke arah caudal. Di medioventral tulang ini ditemukan ossa chevron dengan hemal arch sampai menjelang akhir ossa vertebrae caudalis. Skelet tubuh buaya senyulong memiliki hubungan yang kokoh dan kompak untuk menunjang fleksibilitas tubuh untuk berjalan, berenang dan berburu mangsa
Keyword: anatomi, buaya senyulong, skelet tubuh