Judul: Analysis of Rice Planting Patterns and Drought in Blora Regency
Abstrak: Curah hujan merupakan sumber pengairan utama dalam pertanian di Kabupaten Blora. Padi sebagai salah satu tanaman pangan yang banyak ditanam oleh masyarakat Kabupaten Blora sangat membutuhkan air. Kekurangan air pada masa tanam akan menyebabkan penurunan hasil produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengidentifikasi kekeringan menggunakan metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) terhadap penanaman padi di Kabupaten sehingga dapat digunakan untuk pengembangan padi di Kabupaten Blora. Nilai SPI tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2010 sebesar 1,38 dan nilai terendah pada tahun 2018 sebesar -0,60. Nilai SPI cenderung tinggi pada bulan basah (waktu tanam MT 1 dan MT 3), dan cenderung rendah pada bulan kering (waktu tanam MT 2). MT 1 dan MT 3 merupakan waktu tanam untuk penanaman padi sedangkan MT 2 merupakan waktu tanam untuk tanaman jagung atau pun tanaman lain. Hasil produksi berbanding terbalik dengan nilai SPI. Hasil produksi meningkat namun tidak diiringi dengan kenaikan nilai SPI, penggunaan teknologi berupa alat pompa air dan pembangunan sumur tadah hujan yang digunakan ketika mendekati musim kemarau serta adanya petani baru dapat menjadi faktor dalam peningkatan produksi padi. Peningkatan lapangan pekerjaan, peningkatan hasil produksi, pengembangan varietas unggul, perluasan pasar, peningkatan teknologi, pemberian pelatihan kepada petani, serta pemanfaatan kelompok tani dapat meningkatkan pertanian di Kabupaten Blora., Rainfall is the main source of irrigation in agriculture in Blora Regency. Rice, as one of the food crops that is widely grown by the people of Blora Regency, really needs air. Lack of water at the time of planting will cause a decrease in production. This study aims to identify drought using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method for rice cultivation in the Regency so that it can be used for rice development in Blora Regency. The highest SPI value occurred in 2010 at 1,38 and the lowest value in 2018 was -0,60. SPI values tend to be high in the wet months (planting times MT 1 and MT 3), and tend to be low in the dry months (planting period MT 2). MT 1 and MT 3 are planting times for rice planting, while MT 2 is planting time for planting corn or other crops. The production result is inversely related to the SPI value. Production results increase but are not accompanied by an increase in SPI value. The use of technology in the form of water pumps and the construction of rainfed wells that are used when the dry season approaches and the presence of new farmers can be a factor in increasing rice production. Increasing production yields, developing high-yielding varieties, expanding markets, improving technology, providing training to farmers, and utilizing farmer groups can increase improvements in Blora Regency.
Keyword: Blora, drought, plant patterns

Judul: Analysis of Meteorological and Agricultural Drought Rate of Rice Field on Java Island Using SPI and VHI
Abstrak: Pulau Jawa memiliki iklim tropis dengan tanah yang di dominasi dataran rendah sehingga memiliki potensi untuk budidaya tanamanan padi. Kekurangan air pada tanaman padi dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya produktivitas padi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi sebaran spasial dan kategori kekeringan meteorologi dan pertanian pada tahun normal, El Nino kuat, dan El Nino lemah. Penelitian dilaksanakan menggunakan teknologi cloud computing, yakni Google Earth Engine dengan melihat sejumlah citra satelit MODIS melalui band Enhance Vegetation Index (EVI) dan Land Surface Temperature (LST) serta data curah hujan CHIRPS. EVI dan LST kemudian diolah menjadi Vegetation Health Index (VHI) sementara data CHIRPS diolah menjadi data SPI-1. SPI-1 menunjukan distribusi kekeringan meteorologi di Jawa pada 4 periode musim, dengan periode SON (September-Oktober-November) memiliki nilai SPI-1 terendah mencapai - 1,05 termasuk dalam kategori kekeringan sedang. VHI menunjukan distribusi kekeringan pertanian di Jawa juga pada 4 periode musim, dengan periode SON memiliki nilai VHI terendah dalam rentang 10 hingga 20 termasuk dalam kategori kekeringan kuat., Java island has a tropical climate with low-land dominated all around so is potential for rice cultivation. Water deficiency of rice plants will cause lower rice productivity. This research aims to identify spatial distribution and drought categories of meteorological and agricultural when normal year, strong El Nino year, and weak El Nino year. Research conducted by uses of cloud computing technology, that is Google Earth Engine to see a number of MODIS satellite imagery at Enhance Vegetation Index (EVI) band and Land Surface Temperature (LST) band and CHIRPS precipitation data. EVI and LST than process to be Vegetation Health Index (VHI) while CHIRPS data process to be SPI-1. SPI-1 show meteorological drought distribution on Java in 4 seasons period, there is SON (September-October-November) has lowest SPI-1 value by -1,05 in intermediate drought category. VHI show agriculture drought distribution on Java so in 4 seasons period, there is SON has lowest VHI value by range 10 to 20 in strong drought category.
Keyword: Drought, El Nino, SPI, VHI

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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