Judul: Analisis Guild Burung di Beberapa Tipe Habitat di Hutan Lambusango, Pulau Buton, Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: The existence of a guild can be used as the indicator of habitat change. The objective of this research is to identify guild composition and analyze factors that influence guild diversity in primary forest, secondary forest, and mix plantation. This research was conducted on July, 4th-31st in primary forest, secondary forest, and mix plantation in Lambusango forest. The result shows that secondary forest holds the highest guild composition although there was no big difference in the number of guild among the three habitat types. Insectivores always dominate guild composition in every habitat types. It might be influenced by the stability and availability of the insect population throughout the year. Frugivore is the next dominance guild in every habitat type. Middle and upper canopy are the dominant substrate used by insectivore and frugivore. Sally is the dominant behavior type that frequently used by insectivore while glean and reach is the dominant behavior that frequently used by frugivore.
Keyword: Lambusango forest, habitat, Guild

Judul: Pemilahan Guild Burung Insektivora Diurnal di Empat Tipe Habitat Taman Nasional Baluran
Abstrak: Konsep guild digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara komunitas burung dengan sumberdaya habitat. Burung insektivora merupakan salah satu kelompok guild yang umumnya mendominasi di setiap tipe habitat yang diteliti dan dapat mempengaruhi tingkat kompetisi antar spesies maupun antar individu burung insektivora. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi kelompok guild burung insektivora beserta anggota kelompoknya pada habitat hutan evergreen, savana, tegakan Acacia nilotica, dan hutan pantai, (2) menganalisis lebar dan tumpang-tindih relung pada spesies bergenus sama, (3) menganalisis efek struktur substrat habitat terhadap guild burung insektivora pada setiap habitat yang diteliti. Penelitian dilaksanakan di hutan evergreen, savana, tegakan Acacia nilotica, dan hutan pantai di Taman Nasional Baluran pada bulan Juli-September 2016. Pengumpulan data burung menggunakan metode observasi langsung terhadap individu burung insektivora yang sedang mencari makan. Analisis kondisi habitat menggunakan nilai rata-rata kerapatan vegetasi, bukaan tajuk, dan kelimpahan serangga; keanekaragaman burung menggunakan indeks Shanon-Wienner dan indeks evenness, analisis pemilahan guild burung menggunakan indeks Bray- Curtis melalui pendekatan Non-Metric Dimentional Scaling (NMDS), analisis lebar dan tumpang-tindih relung menggunakan indeks Levin dan indeks Pianka, analisis hubungan perilaku makan dengan substrat yang digunakan menggunakan korelasi Pearson. Tercatat 42 spesies burung insektivora dari 23 famili dengan tingkat perjumpaan 2 individu/jam. Hutan evergreen memiliki kekayaan jenis burung insektivora tertinggi (31 spesies dari 18 famili) dibandingkan tipe habitat lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil pemilahan guild, dijumpai lima kelompok guild burung insektivora di seluruh lokasi penelitian yaitu pematuk di lantai hutan, pematuk di semak, pematuk di tajuk pohon, pengorek di batang, dan penyambar di udara. Ketiga kelompok guild terakhir selalu dijumpai di setiap tipe habitat. Kelompok guild pematuk di lantai hutan hanya dijumpai di hutan evergreen dan savana sementara pematuk di semak hanya dijumpai di hutan pantai. Setiap perilaku makan yang diamati memiliki korelasi positif terhadap substrat tertentu yaitu perilaku makan mematuk dengan substrat tajuk pohon (dahan, ranting, dan daun), perilaku makan mengorek dengan substrat batang pohon, dan perilaku makan menyambar dengan substrat ruang udara.
Keyword: komunitas burung, perilaku makan, relung, substrat habitat, hutan tropis

Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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