Judul: Sifat Fisis Mekanis Papan Pelupuh Orientasi Dari Bambu Ater (Gigantochloa atter Kurz.) Dengan Perlakuan Alkali
Abstrak: Papan pelupuh merupakan papan komposit yang tersusun dari lembaran berstruktur dengan memipihkan bambu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sifat fisis dan mekanis papan orientasi pelupuh dari bambu ater (Gigantochloa atter Kurz.) dengan perlakuan alkali. Bambu ini relatif memiliki diameter kecil dan dinding yang tipis, umum digunakan sebagai bahan baku alat musik dan alat rumah tangga. Perendaman alkali dilakukan dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi yaitu 0% (kontrol), 2%, dan 5%. Papan pelupuh dibuat 3 lapis dengan kerapatan target 0,6 g/cm3 menggunakan perekat isosianat. Pengujian sifat fisis mengacu pada standar JIS A 5908:2003, sedangkan sifat mekanis mengacu pada standar ASTM D 5456-99, ASTM D 1037-99, dan EN 300:1997 yang kemudian hasilnya dibandingkan dengan standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1) dan JIS A 5908. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan sifat fisis dan mekanis papan orientasi pelupuh bambu menurun dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi alkali. Secara keseluruhan, papan kontrol masih memenuhi kualitas kelas satu dari standar CSA 0437.0 – 2011 mengenai OSB dan Waferboard yang memenuhi standar., Laminated bamboo is a composite board that is arranged by oriented structure sheets composed of flattening bamboo. This study aimed to determine the physical and mechanical properties of oriented laminated board from Gigantochloa atter Kurz bamboo, which is known as ater bamboo. This bamboo has a relatively small diameter and thin walls mainly used for musical instruments and household appliances. The alkali treatments were carried out into the strip-strand raw material in the 0% (control), 2%, and 5% concentration. A three-layer flattened board with a density target of 0,6 g/cm3 with the isocyanate resin was applied in this study. Mechanical properties using the modified ASTM D 5456-99, ASTM D 1037-99, and EN 300:1997, and the result were compared to CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1) and JIS A 5908 standard. The result showed that physical and mechanical properties of oriented flattened bamboo board decsreasing with increasing alkaline concentration. Based on research, only control boards that passed the quality of first grade of the Canadian Standard for OSB and waferboard.
Keyword: alkaline treatment, ater bamboo, isocyanate, strand, zephyr board

Judul: Physical, Mechanical and Surface Quality Properties of Ater Bamboo Fiberboard (Gigantochloa atter Kurz.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisis dan mekanis papan serat bambu ater (Gigantochloa atter Kurz.) akibat adanya perlakuan alkali (NaOH) dengan konsentrasi 2% dan 5%. Papan serat dibuat menggunakan perekat urea formaldehide (UF) dengan kadar perekat 10% dan target kerapatan sebesar 0.6 g cm-3. Pengujian dilakukan merujuk pada JIS A 5905 (2003). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian diperoleh nilai rata-rata kerapatan papan serat yaitu sekitar 0,60 sampai 0,62 g cm-3. Nilai rata-rata kadar air sekitar 9,36 sampai 9,58%. Nilai rata-rata pengembangan tebal selama 2 jam dan 24 jam berkisar antara 19,20 sampai 37,89% dan 30,02 sampai 53,80%. Nilai rata-rata daya serap air selama 2 jam dan 24 jam berkisar antara 99,98 sampai 131,77% dan 106,47 sampai 142,29%. Nilai rata-rata Modulus of Elastisity (MOE) berkisar antara 765,19 sampai 1069,54 MPa. Nilai rata-rata Modulus of Rupture (MOR) berkisar antara 6,69 sampai 10,40 MPa. Nilai rata-rata Internal Bond (IB) berkisar antara 0,09 sampai 0,14 MPa. Nilai rata-rata KPS berkisar 909,91 sampai 932,78 N. Nilai rata-rata kekasaran permukaan berkisar antara 3,82 sampai 4,35 µm. Pemberian perlakuan alkali konsentrasi 2% dan 5% dalam pembuatan papan serat bambu ater menurunkan nilai sifat fisis dan mekanis papan serat bambu ater. Hasil penelitian menunjukan nilai sifat fisis dan mekanis yang diperoleh umumnya belum memenuhi standar JIS A 5905 (2003) tipe 15, namun masih memenuhi tipe 5., The purpose of this study is to analyze the physical and mechanical properties of ater bamboo fiberboard (Gigantochloa atter Kurz.) concentrations of 2% and 5%. Fiberboard is made using urea formaldehyde (UF) adhesive with 10% adhesive content and density target was 0.6 g cm-3. The test was carried out referring to JIS A 5905 (2003). Based on the test, the average value of fiberboard density is around 0,60 to 0,62 g cm-3. The average value of water content is around 9,36 to 9,58%. The average value of thickness swelling for 2 hours and 24 hours ranged from 19,20 to 37,89% and 30,02 to 53,80%. The average value of water absorption for 2 hours and 24 hours ranged from 99,98 to 131,77% and 106,47 to 142,29%. The average value of the Modulus of Elasticity (MOE) ranged from 765,19 to 1069,54 MPa. The average value of the Modulus of Rupture (MOR) ranged from 6,69 to 10,40 MPa. The average value of Internal Bond (IB) ranges from 0,09 to 0,14 MPa. The average value of the KPS test ranged from 909,91 to 932,78 N. The average surface roughness value ranged from 3,82 to 4,35 µm. Alkali treatment with concentrations of 2% and 5% in the manufacture of ater bamboo fiberboard decreased the value of physical and mechanical properties of bamboo ater board. The results showed that the value of physical and mechanical properties generally did not meet the standards of JIS A 5905 (2003) type 15, but still fullfillment for type 5.
Keyword: bambu ater, papan serat, perlakuan alkali, urea formaldehyde, bamboo ater, fiberboard, alkali treatment, urea formaldehyde

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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