Judul: Produksi sirup fruktosa dari inulin dahlia (Dahlia pinnata. Cav) secara curah menggunakan sel khamir
Abstrak: Jumlah penduduk Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun cenderung Cipts Dilimdiin meningkat, sehingga konsumsi akan gula pun cenderung meningkat pula. Ketersediaan pemanis terutama pemanis alami saat ini sangat kurang. Dua jenis sumber pemanis alami yang telah ada saat ini yaitu gula kristal dari tebu dan gula cair (dari pati), sampai saat ini belum dapat mencukupi kekurangan akan pemanis tersebut. Pada tahun 1990 BPS melaporkan impor gula kristal dan pemanis lainnya mencapai 258 958.05 ton. Sedangkan untuk tahun 1991 pemerintah merencanakan impor gula sebesar 2 000 000 ton (Kompas, Pebruari 1991). Mengingat keterbatasan areal yang sesuai untuk tanaman tebu serta besarnya modal yang diperlukan untuk merehabilitasi dan mendirikan pabrik-pabrik gula kris- tal, maka untuk beberapa dasawarsa ke depan diperkirakan Indonesia masih akan kekurangan gula. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut selain melakukan impor pemanis, pemerintah juga melakukan berbagai jenis usaha lain guna memenuhi kebutuhan gula dalam negri. Salah satu usaha tersebut adalah pendirian industri pengolahan gula cair.
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Judul: Produksi Sirup Fruktosa dari Inulin Umbi Dahlia Dalam Reaktor Sinambung Unggun Terkemas Menggunakan Enzim Inulinase Imobil
Abstrak: Sirup fruktosa merupakan alternatif bahan pemanis lain yang kebutuhannya semakin lama semakin meningkat. Selain dari pati, sirup ini dapat juga diproduksi dari inulin yang berasal dari umbi dahlia (Dahlia pinnata Cav.) yang relatif mudah dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Gula cair dari inulin ini mempunyai banyak kelebihan dibandingkan gula cair dari pati, diantaranya rendemennya tinggi (sampai 97 persen) dan prosesnya singkat (hanya 1 tahap).
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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