Judul: Dampak Pencemaran Air Sungai Cikijing terhadap Strategi Nafkah Rumah tangga Petani
Abstrak: Pencemaran air merupakan dampak dari krisis ekologi yang dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas pertanian, dan menyebabkan gagal panen sehingga petani perlu menerapkan strategi nafkah untuk menghadapi berbagai situasi ekonomi. Secara umum tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan dampak pencemaran air Sungai Cikijing terhadap kehidupan masyarakat, (2) menganalisis modal nafkah yang dimanfaatkan rumah tangga petani, (3) menganalisis strategi nafkah yang diterapkan rumah tangga petani saat terjadinya krisis akibat pencemaran air, (4) menganalisis tingkat kemiskinan rumah tangga petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dan didukung oleh data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian terhadap 30 responden adalah dampak pencemaran air Sungai Cikijing ternyata mempengaruhi kehidupan rumah tangga petani. Strategi nafkah yang banyak diterapkan antara lain intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi, serta diversifikasi mata pencaharian. Modal nafkah diperlukan untuk menerapkan strategi nafkah, namun modal nafkah tidak berhubungan dengan keberagaman strategi nafkah. Strategi nafkah yang diterapkan oleh para petani ternyata mampu mengurangi jumlah rumah tangga petani yang berada di bawah garis kemiskinan saat krisis ekologi terjadi.
Keyword: Krisis ekologi, pencemaran air, strategi nafkah, modal nafkah

Judul: Dampak Krisis Ekologi terhadap Strategi Nafkah Rumahtangga Petani di Desa Ciganjeng, Kecamatan Padaherang, Kabupaten Pangandaran
Abstrak: The phenomenon of ecological crisis that occured in Ciganjeng Village is the flood stricken rice fields and settlement every year. Flooding caused the existence of farm households as the main actors in the ecology are threatened and to maintain the sustainability of their lives, they have livelihood strategies. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of the ecological crisis on livelihood strategies of farm household. This research method is a survey research using quetionnaires and qualitative approach using case studies and observations as supporting quantitative data. Based on a study of 35 respondents farm households, it was found that the ecological crisis caused farm households should have livelihood strategies, which are: human resource allocation strategy, multiple livelihood strategy, migration strategy, agricultural intensification strategy, dept strategy and non agricultural invesment strategy. Livelihood strategis are made by playing five livelihood assets. In addition, although the ecological crisis rocked farm households but they still survive because they have a high livelihood resiliency.
Keyword: livelihood resiliency, farm household, livelihood strategy, ecology crisis

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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