Judul: Sifat Fisik, Kimia dan Biologis Ransum Mengandung Indigofera zollingeriana Yang Diberi Enzim Protease
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tepung pucuk daun I. zollingeriana dan enzim protease terhadap sifat fisik dan energi metabolisme ayam broiler finisher. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor ayam broiler. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak lengkap dengan tiga taraf perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan sebagai berikut. R0 = Ransum mengandung bungkil kedelai 20%, R1 = Ransum mengandung tepung pucuk daun I. zollingeria 19.10% dan 8% bungkil kedelai, R2 = Ransum R1 + enzim protease. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan prosedur analisis ragam (Analysis of Variance / ANOVA) dengan uji F dan dilanjutkan uji lanjut Duncan dengan menggunakan program SPSS 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan tepung pucuk I. zollingeriana meningkatkan serat kasar dalam ransum, ransum R1 dan R2 tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, dan energi metabolis, tetapi berbeda nyata (p<0.05) terhadap kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, dan energi metabolis pada ransum R0. Penggunaan enzim protease meningkatkan energi metabolis.
Keyword: biologis, ransum, sifat fisik

Judul: Sifat Fisik, Kimia dan Biologis Ransum Mengandung Indigofera zollingeriana yang Diberi Enzim NSP
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pegaruh pemberian ransum yang mengandung Indigofera zollingeriana dengan penambahan enzim NSP pada pakan ayam broiler terhadap nilai Energi Metabolis (EM) serta mengetahui sifat fisik dan kimia pakan yang diberikan. Ternak yang digunakan adalah ayam broiler yang berumur 5 minggu sebanyak 20 ekor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Dua puluh ekor ternak dibagi ke dalam 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 1 ekor ayam. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah R0 = Ransum mengandung 20% bungkil kedelai, R1 = Ransum mengandung 8% bungkil kedelai dan tepung pucuk Indigofera zollingeriana 19.10%; R2 = Ransum R1+Enzim NSP. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan menggunakan program SPSS. Hasil pengukuran kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, konsumsi, energi metabolis dan retensi nitrogen pada ransum R1 dan R2 menunjukan bahwa ransum R0 nyata (p<0.05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan ransum R1 dan R2. Penambahan Indigofera zollingeriana pada ransum dapat menurunkan nilai sifat fisik (kerapatan tumpukan serta kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan), kimia (protein kasar) dan biologis (energi metabolis serta retensi nitrogen). Penambahan enzim NSP pada ransum dapat meningkatkan nilai biologis (energi metabolis serta retensi nitrogen).
Keyword: energi metabolis, enzim NSP, Indigofera zollingeriana, sifat fisik

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite