Judul: Optimasi Penggunaan Tepung Komposit Jagung dan Ubi Jalar dalam Pembuatan Kukis
Abstrak: Corn and sweet potato have been known as local resources in Indonesia. Composite flour consisted of corn and sweet potato flour could be used to replace wheat flour in cookies production. The aim of this research was to obtain optimum formula and process parameters in cookies production using composite flour. Wheat flour could be totally replaced by composite flour which were made from 77.54% of corn flour and 22.46% of sweet potato flour. Optimum baking parameters were 139°C for 18 minutes. The organoleptic score of the cookies was between 5.89 (like slightly) and 7.18 (like moderately). Proximate analysis showed that cookies contained 4.55% of water, 1.65% of ash, 5.97% of protein, 64.40% of carbohydrate (by difference), and 23.43% of fat.
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Judul: Optimasi Formula dan Proses Pembuatan Muffin Berbasis Substitusi Tepung Jagung dan Ubi Jalar Kuning
Abstrak: Nowadays, the high domestic consumption of wheat-based bakery product has increased the amount of imported wheat flour in Indonesia. Food diversification using local resources becomes one of the solutions to reduce the cost associated with imported wheat flour. The objective of this research is to make composite flour (consists of corn flour and sweet potato flour) substituted muffins that is sensory acceptable by consumers. This research is divided into 3 stages namely formula optimization using mixture design technique, process optimization using response surface methodology, and final product analysis, which consists of texture analysis and proximate analysis. Hedonic rating test is carried out to collect the response from 70 untrained panelists. The results showed that the formula with 4% wheat flour, 86% corn flour, and 10% sweet potato flour was selected as optimal formula while the process with 39 minutes of baking time and 158°C of baking temperature was chosen as optimal process. The hardness score of muffin produced from optimal formula and process is equivalent to 107.3 gf. The final product contained 18,84% moisture, 1.48% ash, 4.78% protein, 18.23% fat, 56.67% carbohydrate, and 0.26% crude fiber.
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Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship