Judul: Determinants and Strategies for Increasing Palm Oil Enterprises' Participation in the Labor Social Security Program for Casual Laborers
Abstrak: Palm oil production accounts for an estimated 2.5% of Indonesia's GDP and employs up to eight million people in agriculture and processing. The palm oil industry is highly profitable as a result of rising consumption. With high production and proper management development of oil palm, the value of economic income from oil palm products will increase. The palm oil industry contributed significantly to rural development in eradicating poverty. The cultivation of oil palm improves household living standards on average. As the expansion occurs primarily in tropical rainforest regions, it is likely that the development of new oil palm plantations contributes to biodiversity loss, carbon emissions, environmental, and social issues. Due to economic pressures and the principle of survival, many workers then choose to devote themselves to work in the oil palm plantation sector. Despite the benefits of oil palm on household income and consumption, as well as local development and work opportunities, numerous social and environmental costs have been revealed. The employment of temporary contract workers, including daily casual workers, is governed by the Manpower Act and Ministerial Decree No. 100 of 2004 on Manpower and Transmigration. Working condition is strongly correlated to situations where many of the jobs created in palm oil plantations and mills are for casual day laborers, which is particularly vulnerable to being paid low wages, lacking job security, and with minimum legal protection. Seventy percent of people working in palm oil plantation without guaranteed work certainty and job security. They worked as casual laborers, contract workers, and outsourcing workers. With the status as casual laborers and unclear contractual agreement, often their fundamental rights are ignored by companies. Casual day laborers have reported that they are discouraged from joining any type of workers union, a condition that has led to the deterioration of their working conditions. One of the problems experienced by workers is the occurrence of work accidents, and the workers are not legally protected. An event that often happens in oil palm plantations is work accidents either caused by the workforce's negligence or due to inadequate personal protective equipment facilities. If an accident occurs to a casual laborer, then the company has no direct obligation to provide responsibility for the incident even though some companies still provide voluntary assistance as humanitarian, moral support. Companies’ use of casual labor can blur the distinction between laborers and service providers. These include lack of regulation, non-enforcement of existing laws, misuse of power, power imbalances in favor of the employers, and lack of judicial discourse. So, there is a need to find what is the determinant affecting the companies to register the workers to participate in social security program by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Finally, there is a need to formulate a strategy to increase the participation of palm oil enterprises in registering their casual labors for social security. The data used in this research are secondary data and primary data. The secondary data are annual data of oil palm company who registered and still active as of 2021. The data is collected and received from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan database. After requesting to
Keyword: AHP, casual laborers, labor social security, palm oil, binary logistic regression

Judul: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesempatan kerja pada penduduk di desa dalam perkebunan kelapa sawit (kasus desa Cimulang dan desa Bantar Sari, kecamatan Rancabungur, kabupaten Bogor, provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Oilpalm is one of Indonesia’s agricultural commodities with rapid growth in the last two decades – annually size of plantation increased by 11% whereas production by 9.4%. One of the objective of oilpalm development is to generate employment opportunity – which is expected to be captured by community surrounding oilpalm plantation. This research is to describe and analyze employment opportunity by sectors (foodcrops-fisheries, plantation, secondary/manufacture, and tertiary/trade and services) and the internal and external factors that affect employment opportunity. Cimulang and Bantarsari are two villages in West Java with 75% of its area inside a state-owned plantation, which undergone conversion from rubber to oilpalm in the year 2000. The research is done on 4 hamlets of these villages differentiated by geographical location and transportation access into two (2) Kampung Dalam which are inside plantation-area and limited transportation access and two (2) Kampung Luar which most area are outside plantation and easy transportation access. The research indicated that all of the internal factors (gender, age, education, social status), affect employment opportunities. In general more men works in different sectors than women, and more workers (of young age group, higher education, and high social status) work in tertiary sector. Only a small percentage work in oilpalm plantation, and only those from Kampung Dalam, male, of medium age-group, with some education (Elementary, Junior High), and of poor social status. Of the external factors (access to information of job, access of transportation), access to information affect employment opportunities in secondary and tertiary sectors. As the difference of employment opportunity seems to be more based on location (Kampung Dalam or Kampung Luar), which is indicated by access to transportation, access of transportation is seen as mediating factor that affect both internal and external factors.
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Judul: Embriogenesis ikan buta (Astyanax fasciatus)
Abstrak: Ikan buta Astyanax fasciatus adalah spesies ikan unik dari famili Characidae yang menempati perairan dalam gua di Wilayah La Cueva Chica-San Luis Potasi-Mexico. Ikan ini memiliki mata yang tereduksi (Blind Cavefish) dan warna kulit merah muda, pucat serta mengkilap.
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