Judul: Analisis Daerah Resapan Air Das Ciliwung Hulu Menurut Penutupan Lahan Dan Rtrw
Abstrak: Daerah resapan berkaitan dengan tempat meresapnya air hujan yang kemudian akan menjadi cadangan air tanah. DAS bagian hulu merupakan daerah resapan air yang berfungsi untuk menjaga keseimbangan dan kelestarian tata air, sebagai pelindung dari bahaya erosi, degradasi lingkungan, dan banjir di bagian hilir. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi perubahan penutupan lahan DAS Ciliwung Hulu tahun 2000, 2005, dan 2013 dalam kaitannya dengan daerah resapan. Kemudian menduga aliran permukaan sebagai dampak dari perubahan penutupan lahan, dan membandingkan peruntukan lahan dalam RTRW Kabupaten Bogor 2005-2025 dengan penutupan lahan DAS Ciliwung Hulu tahun 2013. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam analisis daerah resapan adalah identifikasi penutupan lahan. Tutupan lahan merupakan indikator penting yang dapat merepresentasikan kondisi daerah resapan. Identifikasi tutupan lahan memanfaatkan aplikasi penginderaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografis (GIS). Pendugaan aliran permukaan pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode SCS (US Soil Conservation Service) yang merupakan fungsi dari curah hujan dengan tutupan lahan dan grup hidrologi tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi perubahan penutupan lahan dalam periode tahun 2000-2013, penurunan luas hutan dan peningkatan area pemukiman masing-masing adalah sebesar 6,3% dan 11,2% dari luas DAS Ciliwung Hulu sebesar 14.837 Ha. Hal ini terlihat dari luas hutan semula adalah 4975,6 Ha menjadi 4043 Ha, sedangkan luas area pemukiman semula adalah 1135 Ha menjadi 2789,3 Ha. Perubahan penutupan lahan tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan aliran permukaan hingga 55,5% dari kondisi awalnya di tahun 2000 sebesar 385 mm. Selain itu, terjadi ketidaksesuaian penataan ruang di tahun 2013 terhadap RTRW Kabupaten Bogor 2005-2025, terutama perubahan fungsi lahan di kawasan lindung dan resapan air. Total ketidaksesuaian fungsi lahan adalah sebesar 47,8% dari luas DAS Ciliwung Hulu. Penyimpangan tersebut berupa pemanfaatan kawasan lindung menjadi kawasan budidaya, seperti perkebunan, pemukiman, dan pertanian lahan kering. Keseluruhan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penurunan luas hutan dan peningkatan luas area pemukiman menyebabkan berkurangnya lahan efektif untuk meresap air sehingga air tidak meresap secara optimal ke dalam tanah dan menyebabkan peningkatan aliran permukaan. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa fungsi DAS Ciliwung Hulu sebagai daerah resapan air telah menurun. Selain itu, alih fungsi lahan kawasan lindung dan daerah resapan menjadi kawasan budidaya menyebabkan fungsi DAS Ciliwung Hulu sebagai daerah resapan air tidak terpelihara.
Keyword: aliran permukaan, daerah resapan, RTRW, tutupan lahan

Judul: Analisis Daerah Resapan Air DAS Ciliwung Hulu Menurut Penutupan Lahan dan RTRW
Abstrak: Recharge areas are associated with rainwater seeps that will be ground water reserves later. The upper watershed is a recharge area which serves to keep the balance and sustainability of the water system, as well as to protect the downstream from erosion, environmental degradation, and floods. The purpose of this study is to identify land cover change of the upper Ciliwung watershed in 2000, 2005, and 2013 in relation to the recharge areas, and then to estimate the surface runoff as a response to land cover change, and to compare land cover in RTRW Kabupaten Bogor 2005-2025 with land cover in 2013. The approach used in the recharge areas analysis is land cover identifying. Land cover is an important indicator that can represent the condition of recharge areas. The identification of land cover utilizes remote sensing applications and Geographic Information System (GIS). Estimation of surface runoff in this study is using SCS (Soil Conservation Service) which is a function of rainfall with land cover and soil hydrologic group. The result shows that there has been a land cover change in the time period of 2000 to 2013, a decreasing forest areas, and an increasing urban areas, respectively 6,3% and 11,2% of upper Ciliwung watershed areas of 14,837 Ha. It shows from the change in the original forest area of 4975,6 hectares to 4043 hectares, while the urban area changes from 1135 hectares to 2789,3 hectares. These changes in land cover causes an increasing surface runoff up to 55.5% from its original condition in 2000 of 385 mm. Besides, there was an unsuitable spatial planning in the year 2013 of RTRW Kabupaten Bogor 2005-2025, especially the land use changes in protected areas and recharge areas. There is a total of 47,8% unsuitable land use areas in the upper Ciliwung watershed. These deviations is from the conversion of protected areas into cultivated areas, such as plantation areas, urban areas, and dry land agricultural areas. Overall results of the research shows that the decrease of forest areas and the increase of urban areas causes the effective land for recharge area to decrease, so that water does not seep optimally into the soil and causes the surface runoff to increase. It indicates that the function upper Ciliwung watershed as a recharge area has decreased. Besides, the conversion of protected forest land areas and recharge area into cultivated areas causes the function of upper Ciliwung watershed as a recharge area to be unmaintained.
Keyword: land cover, recharge areas, RTRW, surface runoff

Judul: Pengembangan Model Codebook untuk Identifikasi Chord Gitar
Abstrak: Acoustic guitar can produce sound waves with different types of tones. High-low tone is determined by the fundamental frequency of the sound wave. Human sense of hearing can distinguish high-and low tones, but can not know for sure what kind of tone is heard by him. This study developed a guitar chord recognition system. This study uses MFCC as feature extraction methods and the codebook as pattern recognition method for identification of the guitar chord. Cluster technique used in this study is the K-means clustering. Data obtained from MFCC are clustered using the K-Means method, and the model for classification is constructed using the codebook method. The parameters used in MFCC is the number of cepstral coefficients, overlap, and the time frame, while an important parameter in the K-Means is the number of clusters. This study uses 8640 guitar chord sounds from 24 classes. Each of the data is made up of two chords which will be tested. Simulation results show that the maximum accuracy obtained is 98.89% obtained on 26 cepstral coefficients, overlap 0.4, time frame is 30 ms, on 100 clusters.
Keyword: chord, codebook, k-means, mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC)