Judul: Stabilitas Mikrokapsul Ketoprofen dengan Penyalut Kitosan-Alginat
Abstrak: Drug preparations for stability test has been done in previous research, with composition of chitosan 1.75% (w/v), alginate 0.625% (w/v), glutaraldehyde 4.5% (v/v), and ketoprofen 0.8% (w/v), added with Tween 80 of three levels (1, 2, 3 %). All mixtures were shook under three different times (1, 2, 3 hours). As a new drug preparation, the stability of ketoprofen microcapsule need to be studied. The purpose is to measure the resistance of the coat during storage and use. The stability was tested using accelerated method in climatic chamber under 40±2 °C and relative humidity of 75±5 % in 3 months. The parameter was measured every week included moisture content by using moisture analyzer and ketoprofen content using ultraviolet spectrophotometer at wavelength 254.7 nm. All nine formulas showed high (>10%) and fluctuating moisture content while ketoprofen content was decreasing following different reaction kinetics model for each formula, formula 1 and 2 followed second order, formula 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 followed kinetics Avrami-Erofeev model, and formula 8 followed Prout-Tompkins kinetics model. Microcapsules of formula 8 added with Tween 80 3% and shook for 2 hours, was relatively the best, with ketoprofen content percentage still coated after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 91.47%, 0.0875 week-1, and 14.01 week, respectively. The degradation of ketoprofen presumably follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by formation and growth of reaction core.
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Judul: Stabilitas nanopartikel ketoprofen tersalut gel kitosan-alginat
Abstrak: Stability test is a test to be done in pharmaceutical product development. Without stability test data, drug stability cannot be predicted during the usage. Previous nanocapsule preparation has been studied with a composition of 1.75% chitosan, 0.625% alginate, 4.5% tripolyphosphate, 0.8% ketoprofen, Tween 80 with various concentrations (1, 2, and 3%), and sonication in various times (15, 30, and 60 minutes). This study used an accelerated stability test at temperature (40 ± 2) °C and relative humidity (75 ± 5)% for 3 months. The tests included moisture content and ketoprofen content, which were performed by gravimetric method and by UV spectrophotometer at 257.5 nm, respectively. The result showed that moisture content fluctuated between 10 and 13%, whereas ketoprofen levels tended to decrease each week. The best formula was nanoparticle with 2% of Tween 80 and 30 minutes sonication time, which resulted moisture content and usage of 11.53% and 10.25 week, respectively.
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Judul: Ekologi merak hijau jawa (Pavo muticus muticus) Linnaeus 1758 pada beberapa tipe habitat di Ujung Timur Penyebarannya Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak: Merak hijau jawa merupakan salah satu jenis burung yang dilindungi.di Indonesia berdasarkan SK Mentan No 66/Kpts/Um/2/1973 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 7 tahun 1999. Menurut ICBP (The International Council for Bird Preservation) merak hijau sebagai jenis burung yang tergolong terancam secara keseluruhan (globally threatened) baik populasi maupun habitatnya, sedangkan CITES mencantumkan merak hijau ke dalam Appendix II, merak hijau dari alam tidak bisa langsung diperdagangkan dan BirdLife International (2007) memasukkan golongan burung yang endangered. Tekanan terhadap populasi dan habitat merak hijau jawa sangat besar, sehingga kondisi populasinya menurun pada setiap penyebaran lokalnya, habitatnya terfragmentasi bahkan terisolasi. Tekanan terhadap populasi terutama karena perburuan liar. Namun demikian fakta menunjukan bahwa merak hijau jawa masih ada (exist), hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa burung ini tentunya memiliki strategi ekologi tertentu untuk tetap bertahan hidup di alam pada berbagai tipe habitat.
Keyword: Pavo muticus muticus, Call count transect method, Pavo cristatus, Pavo muticus, Pavo muticus spicifer, Pavo muticus imperator, Pavo muticus muticus, Javan Green Peafowl, East Java