Judul: Pendugaan Potensi Kandungan Karbon Pada Tegakan
Abstrak: Climate change constitutes a global phenomenon which is triggered by human activities, particularly those which use fossil fuel (BBF) and convert land uses. Such phenomenon had been discussed by various parties, and the effects of this phenomenon are very significant on the life of organisms, if there is no any prompt action of prevention. One the of the most effective technique for reducing green house gas emission is utilizing the natural feature of tree as CO2 absorber. The choice of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L Nielsen) in this research was because the sengon trees occcur in nearly all areas of people forest (forest owned by people or private owned forest) and could grow in nearly all types of soil. The objective of this research was learning the content of carbon (C) and estimating the carbon potency in sengon stand at various parts of the tree in people forest. Selection of sample trees in each diameter class was conducted by purposive sampling, starting from diameter class 5-10 cm to those of 50 cm upward. Carbon estimation was conducted in tree parts, namely roots, stump, stem, branch, stem after the first branch, twigs, and leaves. Afterwards, laboratory test was conducted to determine the carbon content in each part of the tree. From the results, selection of the best equation was conducted by using regression analysis based on statistics values and test of differences. Results show that there were different pattern of biomass growth between tree parts in line with the increase of diameter class, followed by increase of carbon contents of tree parts in each diameter class. Potency of carbon content of sengon stand in people forest was 77.445 ton C/ha. The greatest potency of tree carbon content in sengon stand was in diameter class of 50 cm upward, namely 34.379 ton C/ha whereas that of the lowest in diameter class 5-10 cm, namely 0.078 ton C/ha. Percentage of carbon content in various tree parts of sengon was the highest in stem part, namely 47.299 %; whereas that of the lowest was in leaves, namely 36.119 %. Selected model for carbon estimation based on root diameter for diameter < 5 cm was C = 10.9 D1.94; those for root diameter > 5 cm was C = 43,65 D4,84 H-2,53, for stump was C = 30.2 D1.93 H1.07, for stem was C = 24.5 D1.95 H1.19, for branch was C = 43,65 D2,11 H0,94, for stem after the first branch was C = 38,9 D2,16 H1,13 , for twig was C = 1.445,4 D2,82, for leaves was C = - 0,446 + D10, and for the whole part of tree was C = 69.1 D2.14 H0.783.
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Judul: Pendugaan potensi simpanan karbon pada tegakan Pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) di KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten
Abstrak: Global warming is one of the major environmental issues that currently concern to the various parties. Because of global warming, increasing in average temperature of earth's sea and land caused by industrial activity and reduction of forest cover due to deforestation, especially lately. Based on these evolving issues and considering the importance of the role of forests in absorbing carbon from the air and store it in forest biomass, it is necessary a lot of research that could encourage the continued development of carbon in biomass. One important aspect of research is to know the potential of carbon stored in the stands of pine. The experiment was conducted in KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III West Java and Banten in April 2010 to May 2010. Materials used in this research were planting stands of pine in 1994 on square 27A RPH West Hanjawar BKPH South Sukanagara and planted stands of Pine year 1995 on square 48I RPH East Hanjawar BKPH North Sukanagara in KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III West Java and Banten. The tools used in this study include scales, digital scales, ovens, machete, newsprint, chalk, plastic bags, plastic rope, stationery, tally sheets, calculator, tape measure, camera, and software SAS. In the area of stands are made each 5 plots with a size of 20 m x 20 m to measure the trees and also made small plots measuring 2 m x 2 m by 4 pieces located at each corner for analysis and retrieval of vegetation and litter. Results obtained from these data are processed through the approach of biomass which is then converted to carbon savings in ton/ha. To know the factors that influence the use of carbon deposits by using ANOVA analysis and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the potential of carbon storage on plots planted in 1995 is 77,1580 ton/ha greater than the potential carbon storage on plots planted in 1994 which only amounted to 64,6372 ton/ha. The test results using ANOVA statistical analysis showed the value of R-Sq = 96,01% and significant level 5%, there is a difference between the carbon potential on one of the object variabel (tree, manure, below plant) which is found on the stands of pine planted in 1994 and stands pine planting in 1995, where the variable is a tree. There needs to be further research on the estimation of carbon stock potential using a different method of harvesting method with the same kind of pine stands.
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Judul: Antibody Responses against Newcastle Disease and Evaluation of Infectious Bronchitis Maternal Derived Antibody on Vaccinated Layers.
Abstrak: Information of maternal derived antibody (MDA) and onset of immunity after vaccination is important to determine appropriate vaccination programme of chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate duration of Infectious Bronchitis (IB) MDA and evaluate onset of immunity Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination among layers. All layers were vaccinated using live ND and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) at one day old age, and received Avian Rhinotracheitis (AR) vaccine at 4 day old age. Serum samples were collected at various ages: 7, 10, 14, 20, 22, 24, 29 and 35 day old. The presence of ND antibodies was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whilst the presence of IB antibodies was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study showed that ND antibodies were at positive level until 24 day old age, and reached protective level ≥ 25 only at 7 day old age, whilst IB MDA were positive up to 17 day old age. This result indicating the needs of ND booster vaccination at least at 24 day old and IB vaccination at 17 day old age.
Keyword: antibody, Infectious Bronchitis, layers, Newcastle Disease, vaccination