Judul: Designing maturity measurement instrument of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) oil palm with microcontroler
Abstrak: Estimation of FFB maturity is important point on harvesting activity. The step greatly affects the production of palm oil on production stage. If condition of FFB that is processed is not ripe or over ripe, it can reduce the yield of palm oil. This research aims to design a maturity measurement instrument of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) oil palm with microcontroller. Instrument works by identifying the intensity of reflected light that can represent the colors produced by carotenoid pigments. On palm fruit, levels of carotenoid pigments formed over the formation of fat (oil), so it will look also alleged pattern of oil content by instrument in accordance with the level of ripeness of the fruit. Results indicate that the instrument is able to provide the intensity of reflected light pattern similar to the pattern of oil content in the fruit. However, the instrument can not distinguish the level of maturity fractions only by reffering to the pattern because of the intensity values in fraction 1 to 4 adjacent and similar
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Judul: The Effect of Gibberellin and Potassium Permanganate on  The Physical and Chemical Quality of Fresh Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil (Elaeis  guineensis Jacq.)
Abstrak: Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is crude palm oil obtained from extraction. The quality of CPO is influenced by the quality of the oil palm fruit, cultivation activities to postharvest handling, and the waiting period for fruit processing which results in physical damage to the fruit on the fresh fruit bunches (FFB). The waiting period for processing must be appropriate so that damage is minimized by using gibberellins (GA3) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The purpose of this study were: 1) to explain the effect of GA3 and KMnO4 on maintaining the physical and chemical quality of fresh fruit bunches of oil palm, 2) to obtain concentrations that can maintain the physical and chemical quality fresh fruit bunches of oil palm, 3) to determine the relationship between the observed variables. The FFB samples were taken from the IPB Cargill Oil Palm Education and Research Plantation. This study was divided into two trials using a randomized complate block design (RCBD). The first experiment used GA3 concentration consisting of 4 levels: 0 ppm, 12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, and 37.5 ppm. The second experiment used KMnO4 concentrations of 4 levels: 0 ppm, 0,025 %, 0,050 %, and 0,075 %. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), then tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. In addition, the data between the observed variables were analyzed with Pearson's correlation. The results of this study indicate that the application of GA3 and KMnO4 can maintain the physical and chemical quality of oil palm FFB so that the shelf life of FFB and the resulting quality are optimal. GA3 concentration of 12.5 ppm was the best concentration, suppressing fruit loss, fruit respiration rate, fruit mesocarp water content, and fruit mesocarp softness for 6 HSA. In addition, it can also suppress the increase in free fatty acid content up to 5 HSA. GA3 application variables that have a relationship are fruit mesocarp softness, fruit respiration rate, mesocarp moisture content, and FFA content. KMnO4 concentrations of 0.050% and 0.075% were the best in suppressing fresh fruit bunch weight loss, fruit loss, fruit respiration rate, fruit mesocarp water content, fruit mesocarp temperature, and fruit mesocarp softness for 6 HSA. In addition, it can also suppress the increase in FFA content up to 5 HSA. KMnO4 concentration of 0.025% is the best concentration to reduce the decrease in oil content up to 3 HSA. KMnO4 application variables that have a relationship are fresh fruit bunch weight loss, fruit mesocarp softness, fruit respiration rate, fruit mesocarp temperature, mesocarp water content, FFA content, number of bacteria, and number of fungi. The relationship between variables is positive or unidirectional, except for fruit mesocarp temperature.
Keyword: crude palm oil, gibberellin, potassium permanganate, fresh fruit  bunches

Judul: Hydatidosis Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Hydatidosis disebut juga echinococcosis merupakan penyakit parasiter yang menyerang hewan, disebabkan oleh genus Echinococcus dan salah satu spesies pada anjing yang bersifat kosmopolitan serta pernah timbul di Indonesia adalah Echinococcus granulosus. Echinococcus granulosus merupakan cacing pita yang sangat kecil panjangnya hanya 2-5 mm, terdiri dari scolex, neck, dan 3-4 proglottid. Scolex mempunyai 4 sucker dan sebuah rostellum yang dilengkapi dengan 2 baris kait yang masing-masing terdiri dari 30 buah. Kait yang besar panjangnya 33.2-39.8 u sedangkan yang kecil 22.1-34 u. Proglottid yang pertama immature, yang kedua mature, dan yang ketiga proglottid gravid. Lubang kelamin terletak disebelah lateral berselang-seling tidak beraturan, testes berjumlah 38-52 buah. Ovariumnya berbentuk seperti ginjal dan uterusnya mempunyai diverticulum lateral. Jenis cacing ini yang ditemukan di Indonesia tidak mempunyai neck. Siklus hidup E. granulosus memerlukan induk semang intermediate untuk perkembangan telur menjadi kista dan induk semang defenitif untuk perkembangan kista menjadi cacing dewasa. Domba merupakan hewan yang paling subur untuk perkembangan stadium kistanya dan bersama anjing kedua hewan ini memegang peranan penting dalam penyebaran penyakit ini. Domba biasanya terinfeksi melalui makanan atau minuman yang terkontaminasi telur cacing. Telur-telur yang tertelan ini akan menetas menjadi oncosphere, lalu menembus dinding usus masuk ke saluran limfe atau vena kecil di mesenterium yang kemudian dengan aliran darah terbawa ke seluruh tubuh. Oncosphere ini biasanya menetap di hati dan paru-paru. Bila oncosphere telah berubah menjadi kista dan termakan oleh anjing maka infeksi dapat berlangsung pada anjing hingga mencapai bentuk cacing dewasa. Penyakit ini telah tersebar di seluruh dunia, mencakup banyak hewan tanpa membedakan umur dan jenis kelamin. Menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar terhadap ternak bahkan dapat menyerang manusia. Akibat adanya kista adalah timbulnya kelemahan, anorexia, dyspnoe, kurus, dan akhirnya kematian dari induk semang. Kebersihan lingkungan terutama yang berkaitan dengan anjing adalah tindakan pencegahan yang utama sedangkan tindakan pembedahan merupakan salah satu usaha yang agak memuaskan dalam penanganan penyakit ini.
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