Judul: Potensi Pengembangan Teknologi Budidaya Padi Apung untuk Mengatasi Risiko Banjir
Abstrak: Rice is one of the main food in Indonesia. Demand for rice increases as the population increases. The national rice production has not been able to meet the needs of national consumption. In the last number of years, Indonesia has to import rice to meet the demand. On the other hand, the risks and impacts of climate anomalies, such as floods and droughts, become more frequent and more intense. The climate hazards have been found to be main threat to agricultural production systems and national food security. In some specific area such as in coastal areas, the occurrence of environmental damage coupled with the problem of rising sea, flood has already become an annual disaster. The floods last for a few months during the rainy season and this does not allow farmer to plant the rice in this season. This research examines the potential of rice floating technology to address the problem of the annual floods which occurred in Pamotan Village, Ciamis District, West Java and Rawaapu Village, Cilacap District, Central Java. Floating rice technology addresses the flood risk using raft as cropping medium. The results of the analysis indicated that the floating rice technology is very potential to be applied in areas that have already been experiencing annual flooding problem. The economic feasibility of this technology is also very high. The total revenue earned by floating rice farming is greater than the total income of the conventional rice farming in Pamotan and Rawaapu. This is demonstrated by the higher ratio of revenue and cost (R/C) of floating rice farming than that of the conventional technique. The R/C of the floating rice reached 2,03 while that of the conventional rice was only 1,71. This suggests that the floating rice cultivation is not only very potential to address the problem of permanent flood but also for increasing farmers income.
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Judul: Analisis wilayah rawan banjir dan genangan DAS Citarum Hulu berdasarkan aplikasi model hidrodinamik dan sistem informasi geografis
Abstrak: Flooding in the Upper Citarum river basin, especially in the Cekungan Bandung occur almost every year. In addition to its high rainfall, the floods also caused by excessive land conversion and deforestation. Flooding events in the Citarum basin not only hit the local settlements, but also damaging rice crops and other infrastructures located in the national rice production centers in the north coast of West Java. Therefore, these losses then affect the national rice production which destabilize food security. The purposes of this study are to analyzing the characteristics of river flow and flood discharge of Upper Citarum, preparing inundation maps of Upper Citarum in the scale of 1:100,000 with return flood period scenario of 2, 25 and 100 years, and analyzing the potential for rice crop losses caused by the flood and inundation in the upper Citarum river basin, West Java. Flood return period was calculated based on the Gumbel frequency. Flood and inundation was modeled using HECRAS which was developed by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers (2002). While the rice crops losses by the flood and inundation was estimated using RENDAMAN.CSM model. Results of the analysis showed that the ratio of the maximum and minimum flow discharge was high and so the frequency and magnitude of extreme flood discharge. These suggest that the upstream watershed condition of Citarum river basin has suffered severe damage. These conditions result in the high flood demonstrated by the extent of the flood-prone areas resulted from flood simulation on a two-year return period. Potential loss of rice due to floods in the paddy fields on a two-year return period reached 8.4 billion rupiah, this amount will be tripled in the 25 years flood return period and becomes 6.4 times in the 100-year return period. Paddy spikes loss ratio of the period of 25 years to 100 years is higher than 2-year period to 25 years. This is because flood-prone areas in the 100-year return period not just located in the same area of 25-year flood return period but also includes the wetland area with water levels in between 55 to 110 cm. Losses in this area is higher compared to the losses of 25-years flood return periods.
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Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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