Judul: Pendugaan perubahan cadangan karbon di Taman Nasional Gunung Merapi
Abstrak: Climate change is a direct effect of global warming. Global warming means increasing temperature of the earth's which directly related to greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions from human activities. Solutions to accomplish climate change from effect of global warming are adaptation and mitigation. Increasing carbon stocks and reducing GHG emissions from human activities is an effective ways of mitigation climate change. Forest is an area that could absorb and save carbon stocks through photosynthesis. Gunung Merapi National Park (GMNP) is a region that has forests with several types of land use changed because of human activities or natural processes. This change will affect the amount of carbon stock at GMNP, whereas GMNP forest can used as be baseline of carbon sink area and carbon stock. The study aimed to assess carbon stocks changes within period of 1991−2001, 1991−2009, and 2001−2009. Carbon stocks measurement was conducted in 3 months from June to August 2010. Materials used in the research are Landsat 5 TM and Landsat 7 ETM (Path 120 Row 065), earth visual map, and boundaries region map. Carbon stocks above ground measured by using non-destructive methods for trees and destructive methods for ground cover, bushes, and grassland. Processing data of biomass assessment using allometry equation which will be converted to carbon values. Carbon measurement was conducted at 35 plots from various types of land used, namely secondary forest, mixed plantation forest, pine plantation forest, shrub, bamboo, bush, and grassland. The largest land used carbon stocks was secondary forest (172.08 Mg.ha-1) and the smallest carbon stocks were shrub and grassland (3.62 Mg.ha-1). Carbon stocks in period 1991−2001 was declined 157458.71 Mg and in period 1991-2009 was also reduced of about 145391.26 Mg, but period 2001−2009 was increased by 12067.45 Mg. There was trend of carbon stocks in GMNP declined in period of 1991 to 2001, conversely in 2009 tended to increase although the increasing was very small.
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Judul: Pendugaan Perubahan Cadangan Karbon di Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan
Abstrak: Global warming effect can be mitigated in two ways, namely carbon loss reduction or emission and increasing carbon storage within vegetation. Forest can absorb CO2 trough photosynthesis process and sink them in biomass. Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) as a part of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) have been facing land cover change due to encroachment. The study aimed to measure carbon stocks in various land cover and to compare carbon stocks for the whole are of TWNC TNBBS in 2000-2009. Carbon stocks measurement was conducted in TWNC TNBBS during August 8th to October 8th 2009, 50 plots were sampled including nature forest, secondary forest, agroforestry, shrub, Imperata cylindrica , and grassland by purposive sampling method. Soil carbon was not measured in this study. Nature forest has the highest carbon stocks by 178,44 MgC.ha-1, and grassland be a poorest carbon stocks (1,47 MgC.ha-1). During the time between 2000 to 2009, primary forest carbon stock decrease in amount of 457,792.52 Mg along with the decrease in land cover of this forest type. As many as 24.4% of natural forests in 2000 turned into the others type of land use such as a secondary forest of 21.63%, for shrubs 1.61% and 0.06% for agroforestry in 2009. Totally, TWNC TNBBS has loss its carbon stocks as many as 279422 Mg, it’s mean the annual average carbon stocks contained in the TWNC TNBBS area decreased by around 27,942.2 Mg (0.72%) per year. Its mean, 1,024,547 Mg CO2 or 102,454.7 Mg CO2 every year was lose from TWNC TNBBS area.
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Judul: Infeksi tyzzeria spp. pada saluran pencernaan itik
Abstrak: Tyzzeria yang terdapat pada usus itik peliharaan maupun itik liar ada empat spesies, yaitu Tyzzeria perniciosa, T. allenae, T. pellerdyi dan T. chenicusae. Bentuk dan ukuran masing-masing ookista berbeda. Ookista T. perni- ciosa berbentuk ellipsoidal dan berukuran 10-13,3 x 9- 10,8 um, T. allenae berbentuk oval dan berukuran 14,5-17,3 x 9,6-11,5 m, T. pellerdyi berbentuk hampir bundar sampai ovoid dan berukuran 11-16 х 8-11 µm, T. chenicusae berbentuk silinder dan berukuran 20,4-27,6 x 14,4-20,4m. Dahulu genus Tyzzeria dikenal sebagai genus Schellackia yang mempunyai dua spesies, yaitu Schellackia bolivari yang berkembang dalam usus kadal dan Schellackia perniciosa yang hidup dan berkembang dalam usus halus itik. Stadia endogen Tyzzeria perniciosa dapat ditemukan dalam sel jaringan mukosa dan submukosa usus. Parasit ini setidak-tidaknya mempunyai dua generasi aseksual. Skizon generasi pertama berukuran 12 x 8m dan skizon generasi kedua berukuran 15-16 x 14-15 µm. Skizon generasi pertama ini dapat ditemukan 24 jam setelah infeksi dan skizon ge- nerasi kedua dapat ditemukan 60 jam setelah infeksi. Ski- zogoni terus berlanjut setelah terbentuknya gamet-gamet. Ookista-ookistanya dapat ditemukan di dalam faeces enam hari setelah infeksi. ...
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