Judul: Prediksi Peptida Bioaktif dari Kolagen Ikan Patin (Pangasianodon hypothalamus) menggunakan Metode In Silico
Abstrak: Prediksi peptida bioaktif pada kolagen ikan patin dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode in silico. Tujuan penelitian ini memprediksi senyawa peptida bioaktif dari kolagen ikan patin serta memprediksi peringkat peptida, karakteristik sensori dan toksisitas pada peptida yang memiliki aktivitas tertentu menggunakan metode in silico. Peptida bioaktif dari kolagen dianalisis dengan software BIOPEP dengan memilih enzim papain, tripsin, pepsin, katepsin dan bromelin sebagai penghidrolisis kolagen. Aktivitas biologis kolagen menggunakan BIOPEP tertinggi pada inhibitor dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) yang dihidrolisis dengan papain sebesar 0.1050. Peringkat peptida menggunakan Peptideranker tertinggi pada peptida WG sebesar 0.992 yang dihidrolisis dengan papain, peptida YR sebesar 0.525 yang dihidrolisis dengan tripsin, peptida GF sebesar 0.995 yang dihidrolisis menggunakan pepsin, peptida GF sebesar 0.995 yang dihidrolisis menggunakan katepsin dan peptida WF sebesar 0.994 yang dihidrolisis menggunakan bromelin. Prediksi toksisitas pada peptida mendapatkan hasil tidak beracun sehingga peptida tersebut dapat dikembangkan sebagai sediaan bahan baku fungsional.
Keyword: BIOPEP, pangasius collagen, Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV, in silico

Judul: Karakteristik Hidrolisat Kolagen dari Kulit Ikan Patin (Pangasius hypophthalmus) dengan Perbedaan Konsentrasi Enzim Papain
Abstrak: Kolagen merupakan struktur protein kompleks yang diperoleh dari jaringan ikat. Pembuatan kolagen secara enzimatis menggunakan enzim papain akan memperoleh produk berupa hidrolisat kolagen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan struktur jaringan pada kulit ikan patin sebelum dan setelah dilakukan pretreatment dan ekstraksi, serta menentukan karakteristik hidrolisat kolagen dengan perbedaan konsentrasi enzim papain (1%, 3%, dan 5%). Struktur jaringan kulit ikan patin sebelum pretreatment terlihat benang stratum compactum tebal, sedangkan setelah pretreatment dan ekstraksi terlihat benang stratum compactum terurai dan rusak. Hidrolisat kolagen memperoleh nilai derajat hidrolisis (72,37±1,86)-(97,22±3,93)%, nilai pH (6,23±0,12)-(7,22±0,08), dan nilai bobot molekul 12,016-23,877 kDa. Potensi aktivitas antioksidan yang diperoleh tergolong sangat kuat pada metode FRAP dan ABTS. Aktivitas antioksidan pada metode FRAP memperoleh nilai sebesar (536,31±2,61)(641,43±4,08) μmol Fe(II)/g, sedangkan pada metode ABTS memperoleh nilai sebesar (38,02±1,72)-(54,17±0,98) ppm., Collagen is a complex protein structure obtained from connective tissue. Enzymatic production of collagen using the papain enzyme will obtain a product in the form of collagen hydrolyzate. This study aims to analyze changes in the tissue structure of catfish skin before and after pretreatment and extraction, and to determine the characteristics of collagen hydrolyzate with different concentrations of papain enzymes (1%, 3%, and 5%). The structure of the catfish skin tissue before pretreatment showed thick stratum compactum threads, whereas after pretreatment and extraction, the stratum compactum threads were seen to be decomposed and damaged. Collagen hydrolyzate obtained a hydrolysis degree of (72.37±1.86)-(97.22±3.93)%, a pH value of (6.23±0.12)-(7.22±0.08), and a molecular weight value of 12.016-23.877 kDa. The potential antioxidant activity obtained is classified as very strong in the FRAP and ABTS methods. The antioxidant activity in the FRAP method obtained a value of (536.31±2.61)(641.43±4.08) mol Fe(II)/g, while the ABTS method obtained a value of (38.02±1.72)-(54.17± 0.98) ppm.
Keyword: antioxidant, collagen hydrolyzate, papain enzyme, structural change

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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