Judul: Studi efikasi ekstrak daun kisampang< Mekicope denhamii terhadap ektoparasit pada ayam
Abstrak: Penyakit unggas yang disebabkan oleh parasit merupakan ancaman yang serius, karena adanya parasit yang berfungsi sebagai vektor. Hal ini jika tidak diantisipasi dan ditangani dengan tepat akan menyebabkan penyakit yang dapat menyebar dengan cepat hingga terjadi kematian pada sebagian besar atau seluruh ayam (Darmana 2003). Menurut Wiharto (1985) penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit dapat dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok, yakni gangguan oleh ektoparasit seperti lalat (flies), kutu (lice), caplak (tick), tungau (mite), sieur/gurem (dull) dan pinjal (flea) serta gangguan oleh endoparasit seperti cacing. Gangguan ektoparasit pada ayam menimbulkan rasa tidak tenang, gatal, kerusakan bulu, gangguan pertumbuhan, gangguan terhadap produksi dan sebagai inang perantara bagi penyakit lainnya, seperti penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, cacing dan virus.
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Judul: Studi efikasi ekstrak daun kisampang (Melicope denhamii) terhadap ektoparasit pada ayam kampung yang ada di bagian ekor
Abstrak: Ayam kampung merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani yang mempunyai peranan dalam kehidupan manusia yaitu untuk kecerdasan dan daya tahan tubuh (Shirakj et al .1980; dalam Hardjosworo dan Levine 1987). Namun pemeliharaan yang masih bersifat tradisional mempunyai resiko terinfeksi berbagai macam penyakit yang dapat mengganggu produktivitas ayam, salah satunya disebabkan oleh ektoparasit.Berbagai upaya untuk menanggulangi infestasi ektoparasit ini umumnya dilakukan dengan dua cara yaitu tindakan sanitasi dan penyemprotan insektisida. Tindakan sanitasi dilakukan dengan membebashamakan kandang sekurang-kurangnya dua kali dalam satu tahun sedangkan penyemprotan insektisida dilakukan malam hari (Akoso 1998). Penggunaan insektisida sintesis yang intensif dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif diantaranya menyebabkan resistensi serangga terhadap insektisida, pencemaran lingkungan dan dapat menekan musuh alami hama (Metcalf 1982). Oleh karena itu penggunaan insektisida sintesis perlu digantikan kedudukannya dengan insektisida nabati. Salah satu insektisida nabati yang tergolong famili Rutaceae adalah Tanaman Kisampang (Melicope denhamii) yang mengandung saponin, tanin, flavonoid, minyak astiri, dan alkaloid.
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Judul: Enhancement of photon absorbtion on BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films semiconductor using photonic crystals.
Abstrak: In this research, has been conducted BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films manufacturing for mole fraction x = 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55; and concentration of 1 molar using chemical solution depositon (CSD) method. The materials, which are used in this research, are barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%], titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28), 97.999%], gallium trioxide [Ga2O3], 2-methoxyethanol [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] and 1 x 1 cm of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass as substrate. Two BST thin films are made that for BST thin films which are doped by 10% galium (BGST) as p-type layer and pure BST solution as n-type. BST solution is made by reacting barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%] and titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28)] into 2-methoxyethanol solvent [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] in accordance with mass gram for each x value. While, BGST solution is made in the same way as BST solution, plus adding gallium at 10% of the mass of BST. Once all materials are reacted, then vibrated using ultrasonic for 90 minutes, and followed by coating BGST / BST on the TCO substrate. Once the layer is formed, then annealed for 15 hours at temperature of 500 °C with increasing rate of 1.67 oC/minute. Characterizations of BST thin films with or without photonic crystals include the absorbance and transmittance in the visible light spectrum, as well as the electrical photoconductivity characterizations. From BST thin films without photonic crystals indicate that our thin films have light absorption area on almost the entire range of the visible light spectrum even to the infrared range with absorption value over than 67.6%, in addition, it can be seen that the maximum absorbance of BST thin films for all mole fractions lie in blue to green light spectrum region, 457 nm ≤ λ ≤ 570 nm and the minimum in yellow to red light spectrum region, 570 nm ≤ λ ≤ 678 nm. The largest absorbance is found at x = 0.25 with average absorbance value of 92.04% and maximum and minimum absorbance peaks at wavelength of 500.89 and 657.72 nm, respectively. At x = 0.35, average absorbance value decreased to 83.55% with maximum and minimum peaks at 505.73 and 613.68 nm, respectively. Then increased to 91.16% at x = 0.45 with maximum and minimum peaks at 506.04 and 618.56 nm, respectively. At x = 0.55, average absorbance value decreased to 80.12% with maximum and minimum peaks at 507.85 and 608.79 nm, respectively. Moreover, it can be seen that the addition of barium mole fraction leads to wider maximum absorbance or minimum transmittance peaks and narrower minimum absorbance or maximum transmittance peaks in the same range of the green and blue & red light spectrums, respectively. BST thin films with photonic crystals show increasing in absorption for all x values in the range of 3.04 into 13.33%. At x = 0.25, average absorbance percentage increased 3.96% from 92.4 into 95.68%, for x = 0.35 average percentage increased 7.07% into 89.45 from 83.55%. Furthermore, average absorbance of BST thin films at x = 0.45 increased 3.04% from 91.16 into 93.93% and x = 0.55 has
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