Judul: Deteksi Substrat Dasar Perairan dan Integrasi Ikan Demersal di Perairan Delta Payung, Sumatera Selatan
Abstrak: Delta Payung merupakan delta yang berada di muara sungai Musi Sumatera Selatan. Delta sendiri terbentuk akibat adanya endapan di muara sungai. Penelitan ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data volume backscattering strength (SV) ikan demersal dan substrat dasar melalui data nilai hambur balik yang diperoleh dengan metode akustik split beam. Survei pada penelitian ini berbentuk linear yang mengelilingi pesisir delta. Didapati hasil (Sv ) ̅ substrat sebesar-17,41 dB dengan nilai SV minimum dan maksimum -20,23 dB dan -14,8 dB. Nilai (Sv) ̅ ikan demersal adalah -53,02 dB dengan nilai minimum -58,41 dB dan nilai maksimum -55,19 dB. Sebaran waktu ikan demersal dibagi menjadi interval waktu petang dan waktu malam. Deteksi ikan tertinggi berada di Interval waktu malam. Sebaran spasial ikan demersal paling tinggi berada dibagian utara delta. Hal ini karena adanya mangrove yang menjadi habitat benthos., The Payung Delta is a delta located at the mouth of the Musi River, South Sumatra. The delta itself is formed due to sediment at the mouth of the river. This research aims to obtain backscattering strength (SV) volume data for demersal fish and bottom substrate through backscatter value data obtained using the split beam acoustic method. The survey in this research is linear in shape surrounding the coast of the Payung Delta. It was found that the (Sv ) ̅ substrate was -17.41 dB with minimum and maximum SV values of -20.23 dB and -14.8 dB. The (Sv ) ̅ value of demersal fish in this study was -53.02 dB with a minimum value of -58.41 dB and a maximum value of -55.19 dB. The time distribution of demersal fish is divided into evening and night time intervals. The highest fish detections were in the night time interval. The spatial distribution of demersal fish is highest in the northern part of the delta. This is because there are mangroves which are benthos habitat.
Keyword: Fish, Spasial distribution, Substrate, Temporal distribution, Volume backscattering strength

Judul: Analisis Distribusi Volume Backscattering Strength Ikan di Perairan Pulau  Payung dengan Metode Hidroakustik
Abstrak: Perairan Delta Pulau Payung merupakan salah satu kawasan perairan yang mayoritas penduduknya merupakan nelayan. Pengembangan informasi terkait sebaran ikan di perairan sangat diperlukan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas perikanan di perairan Indonesia khususnya di perairan Delta Pulau Payung. Metode hidroakustik merupakan metode yang tepat digunakan dalam peningkatan produktivitas perikanan tangkap di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi ikan berdasarkan nilai volume backscattering strength (SV) yang terdapat pada perairan Delta Pulau Payung, Sumatera Selatan dengan menggunakan metode hidroakustik yang dianalisis pada frekuensi 200 kHz. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada tanggal 15 Oktober 2017. Pengolahan data dilakukan dengan memberikan visualisasi data persebaran nilai SV melalui pemetaan spasial secara horizontal serta vertikal dengan nilai ambang batas (threshold) -34.00 dB sampai dengan -70.00 dB. Nilai SV yang berhasil teridentifikasi dari setiap lapisan kedalaman yaitu berkisar antara -49.80 dB sampai dengan -70.00 dB dengan rata-rata nilai SV dari setiap lapisan kedalaman berkisar antara -60.12 dB sampai dengan -65.57 dB. Hasil analisis berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, secara umum menunjukan adanya perubahan kepadatan ikan pada setiap lapisan kedalaman dan secara umum berdasarkan nilai SV yang teridentifikasi pada kedalaman 2 hingga 4 meter memiliki kepadatan ikan yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingan pada lapisan permukaan air., The waters of Payung Delta Island are one of the water areas where the majority of the population are fishermen. The development of information related to the distribution of fish in the waters is very necessary for increasing the productivity of fisheries in Indonesian waters, especially in the waters of Payung Delta Island. The hydroacoustic method is the appropriate methods used in increasing capture fisheries productivity in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the distribution of fish based on the value of the backscattering strength (SV) volume found in the waters of Payung Delta Island, South Sumatra by using the hydroacoustic method which was analyzed at a frequency of 200 kHz. Data collection was carried out on October 15, 2017. Data processing was carried out by providing data visualization of the distribution of SV values through horizontal and vertical spatial mapping with a threshold value of -34.00 dB to -70.00 dB. The SV values that were identified from each depth layer ranged from -49.80 dB to -70.00 dB with the average SV value from each depth layer ranging from -60.12 dB to - 65.57 dB. The results of the analysis based on the data obtained, generally show a change in fish density at each depth layer, and in general based the SV value identified at a depth of 2 to 4 meters has a higher fish density when compared to the surface water layer.
Keyword: distribusi horizontal, distribusi vertikal, hidroakustik, ikan, delta pulau payung, volume backscattering strength

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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