Judul: Identifikasi Perbedaan Genetik dan Kandungan Senyawa Minyak Atsiri dari Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) Merah dan Putih
Abstrak: The genetic information of red and white cardamom can be developed to get the seeds as a medicine. The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in red and white cardamom. The differences matter in both types of cardamom are done by analysis of FTIR and GCMS of the essential oil content. RAPD results showed both cardamom have different molecular weights and they are polymorphic because it shows the diversity the fragments of DNA bands. Isolation of red cardamom essential oil has a greater yield (0.28%) than white cardamom (0.20%). FTIR results showed that both the cardamom plants found in the IR spectrum in the same range of wave numbers, so FTIR can not identify differences in red and white cardamom. GCMS to identify the difference between red and white cardamom. GCMS results indicate the presence of 17 compounds which only the red cardamom and 12 compounds were only owned by white cardamom.
Keyword: RAPD-PCR, GCMS, FTIR, cardamom’s essential oils

Judul: Optimization of Total Flavonoids and FRAP Antioxidant Test Method Cardamom Fruit Extract (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton).
Abstrak: Kapulaga (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber antioksidan yang potensial. Buah kapulaga memiliki berbagai kandungan metabolit sekunder, yaitu senyawa fenolik yang diketahui memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan, khususnya flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi optimal keberadaan senyawa flavonoid pada buah kapulaga yang diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat dengan menggunakan rancangan simplex centroid design dan kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan optimal dari ekstrak tersebut menggunakan metode FRAP. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi menggunakan empat pelarut yaitu akuades, metanol, etanol dan etil asetat berdasarkan rancangan simplex centroid design. Kandungan total flavonoid (TFC) diuji menggunakan metode kalorimetri dan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan uji daya antioksidan pereduksi besi (FRAP). Hasil optimasi total flavonoid dan antioksidan FRAP yang diarsipkan adalah ketika mengunakan pelarut methanol dengan proporsi 1 untuk ekstraksi dengan nilai respon TFC 0.05549 mg QUE/g bobot kering dan FRAP 0.5381 µmol TE/g bobot kering dengan tingkat desirability sebesar 94%., Cardamom (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) is a spice plant that can be used as a potential source for antioxidants. Cardamom fruit contains various secondary metabolites, namely phenolic compounds which are known to have antioxidant abilities, especially flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the presence of flavonoid compounds in cardamom extracted with methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents using the simplex centroid design and the optimal antioxidant activity capabilitiesof these extract using the FRAP method. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method using four solvents namely aquadest, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate based on the simplex centroid design. The total flavonoids content (TFC) was tested using the calorimetry method and its antioxidant activity used the iron-reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) test. The best results of optimizing the total flavonoids and antioxidants is when using methanol solvent with a proportion of 1 for extraction with a TFC response value of 0.05549 mg QUE/g dry weight and FRAP 0.5381 µmol TE/g dry weight with a desirability level of 94%.
Keyword: antioxidant, cardamom fruit, flavonoid, simplex centroid design

Judul: The Expected Value of the Queueing Length on the M/M/1 Queue Model Which Can be Repaired by Considering the Damage Level
Abstrak: Suatu antrean terjadi karena jumlah pelanggan yang datang melebihi jumlah fasilitas yang disediakan. Sistem dapat diandalkan saat server mungkin mengalami kegagalan atau kerusakan dan server dapat segera diperbaiki. Pada karya ilmiah ini, ditinjau sistem antrean M/M/1 yang dapat diperbaiki dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat kerusakan, dengan proses kedatangan pelanggan berdistribusi Poisson. Saat server mengalami kerusakan pada waktu kosong atau waktu sibuk, server segera menuju proses perbaikan. Setelah periode perbaikan selesai, server kembali dengan kondisi baru dan dapat melanjutkan sistem. Kemudian, dengan menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial untuk fungsi pembangkit peluang pada peluang steady-state, formulasi dari nilai harapan panjang antrean pada sistem dapat diperoleh. Simulasi numerik pengaruh parameter terhadap nilai harapan panjang antrean menunjukkan bahwa perubahan panjang antrean dan laju waktu perbaikan sensitif terhadap laju pelayanan, serta panjang antrean rata-rata dipengaruhi oleh laju tingkat kerusakan pada waktu sibuk dan laju waktu perbaikan., A queue occurs because the number of customers who come exceeds the number of provided facilities. The system can be relied on when the server may experience failure or damage, but it can be repaired immediately. In this manuscript, the M/M/1 queuing system that can be repaired by considering the level of damage is reviewed, where the customers arrival process is Poisson distributed. When the server crashes at an idle time or busy time, the server immediately goes to the repairing process. After the repairing process is over, the server returns with a new condition and the server’s operation can be continued. Furthermore, by solving the differential equation for the probability generating function at steady-state probability, the formulation of the expected value of the queue length in the system can be obtained. Numerical simulation of the effect of parameters on the expected value of queue length shows that changes in queue length and repairing time are sensitive to service rates, and the average queue lengths usually are affected by damage rates at busy times and repairing times rate.
Keyword: queue, probability generating function, expected value, repairable system