Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Enterobacteriaceae dari Usap Mukosa Hidung Kuda
Abstrak: Kuda merupakan salah satu hewan dekat manusia yang memiliki risiko terkena infeksi Enterobacteriaceae. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi Enterobacteriaceae pada traktus respiratori kuda melalui morfologi dan metode biokimia. Sampel usap hidung yang diambil dari dua ekor kuda dibiakkan pada media agar darah, agar brain-heart infusion, dan agar Mac-Conkey. Karakter pertumbuhan koloni diamati. Mikromorfologi bakteri dari koloni murni diamati dengan pewarnaan Gram. Sebanyak 10 isolat representatif Enterobacteriaceae dipilih untuk uji biokimia meliputi oksidase, katalase, sulfide indole motility, methyl red-Voges Prosakuer, sitrat Simmon, urease Christensen, dan triple sugar iron agar. Analisa uji biokimia mengidentifikasi isolat-isolat sebagai Yersinia, Edwardsiella, dan Shigella.
Keyword: Enterobacteriaceae, kuda, usap hidung

Judul: Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Proteolitik Asal Feses Kuda (Equus caballus)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan menyeleksi bakteri proteolitik sebagai kandidat bakteri pendegradasi protein asal feses kuda secara morfologi dan biokimia. Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap. Tahap pertama adalah isolasi bakteri asal feses kuda dengan Skim Milk Agar + Rumen 10% dan tahap kedua dilakukan skrining bakteri proteolitik untuk mengetahui nilai indeks proteolitik tertinggi. Tahap ketiga dari hasil isolat terpilih dilanjutkan serangkaian uji karakterisasi yang meliputi uji gula pereduksi, uji makroskopis, uji katalase, pewarnaan gram, dan uji aktivitas enzim protease. Analisis aktivitas enzim menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan perlakuan suhu dan pH. Suhu yang diuji adalah 40 ℃, 50 ℃, dan 60 ℃, pH yang diuji adalah 5, 6, 7, 8 dengan 3 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian didapatkan isolat dengan nilai indeks proteolitik tertinggi yaitu isolat 1 (985.T.K.1.4 di SMA), isolat 2 (985.T.K.1.4 di SMA+R) dan isolat 3 (SMA+R.K.4.10). Hasil uji karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat memiliki morfologi yang hampir sama. Ketiga isolat tersebut merupakan bakteri gram negatif, dapat mendegradasi gula pereduksi dan memiliki aktivitas katalase. Pengujian morfologi menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat termasuk genus Bacteroides. Uji aktivitas enzim protease menunjukkan bahwa ketiga isolat melakukan aktivitas optimum pada suhu 60 ℃ dan pH 5 dengan nilai aktivitas enzim isolat 1 sebesar 0,027 U mL-1, isolat 2 dan 3 sebesar 0,018 U mL-1. Kesimpulannya, isolat 2 merupakan isolat yang memiliki nilai indeks proteolitik tertinggi dan perlu dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut.
Keyword: aktivitas enzim, karakterisasi, kuda, protease

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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