Judul: Application of Good Manufacturing Practices by Food  SMEs Dapur Umak in Bogor City
Abstrak: Setiap konsumen berhak atas produk pangan olahan yang aman dan berkualitas. Sayangnya, banyak pelaku usaha pangan olahan yang tidak menerapkan sistem keamanan pangan, termasuk Cara Produksi Pangan Olahan yang Baik (CPPOB) dalam produksinya. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan masih terbatasnya usaha mikro kecil menengah (UMKM) pangan yang memiliki Izin Penerapan CPPOB (IP-CPPOB). IP-CPPOB merupakan persyaratan dasar agar produk pangan memperoleh izin edar makanan dalam (MD) BPOM. UMKM Dapur Umak merupakan UMKM pangan olahan cilok ayam suwir yang belum menerapkan CPPOB dalam proses produksinya. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dan memperbaiki penerapan CPPOB pada sarana produksi UMKM Dapur Umak hingga memperoleh IP-CPPOB. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan: (1) menganalisis kesenjangan penerapan CPPOB sebelum dan sesudah pendampingan menggunakan checklist dari BPOM; (2) memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan dan mendampingi proses perbaikan; (3) menyusun dokumen CPPOB; serta (4) mendaftarkan IP-CPPOB. Hasil analisis kesenjangan sebelum pendampingan menunjukkan rating sarana produksi UMKM Dapur Umak yaitu D (sangat kurang) dan persentase rata-rata nilai kesesuaian sebesar 46,22%. Setelah dilakukan pendampingan, terjadi peningkatan rating sarana produksi menjadi A (sangat baik) dan persentase rata-rata nilai kesesuaian penerapan CPPOB menjadi 100,00%. Semua dokumen persyaratan pendaftaran IP-CPPOB telah disusun dan siap digunakan untuk pendaftaran MD BPOM dan IP-CPPOB telah berhasil diperoleh, Every consumer has the right to receive processed food products whose safety and quality are guaranteed. Unfortunately, there are still many processed food businesses who do not implement a food safety system, including Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in their production processes. This is demonstrated by the limited number of micro and small food enterprises (SME) that obtain Implementation Permit of GMP (IP-GMP). The IP-GMP is a basic requirement for food products to obtain a food distribution permit (MD) from BPOM. UMKM Dapur Umak is an SME producing cilok filled by shredded chicken, which has not fully implemented GMP in its production process. The aim of this research is to evaluate and improve the implementation of GMP in the SME Dapur Umak production facilities to obtain an IP-GMP. The research was conducted by: (1) analyzing gaps in the implementation of GMP before and after mentoring using a checklist from BPOM; (2) provide recommendations for improvement and accompany the improvement process; (3) prepare GMP documents; (4) and register for IP-GMP. The results of the gap analysis before mentoring showed that the rating of the SME Dapur Umak production facility was D (very poor) and the average percentage of compliance value was 46,22%. After mentoring and assistance program, the production facility rating increased to A (very good) and the average percentage of compliance value for implementing GMP became 100,00%. Apart from that, all the required documents for IP-GMP registration have been prepared and are ready to be used for MD BPOM registration. The IP-GMP certificate has been successfully obtained.
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Judul: Analysis of Gap and Support for Enhancing the Implementation of GMP towards PB-UMKU Certification in XYZ SMEs
Abstrak: Sistem keamanan pangan merupakan persyaratan wajib yang harus diterapkan oleh pelaku usaha untuk menjamin keamanan produk. UMKM XYZ merupakan usaha pangan olahan yogurt yang belum sepenuhnya mengimplementasikan sistem keamanan pangan Cara Produksi Pangan Olahan yang Baik (CPPOB). Penerapan CPPOB yang baik menjadi persyaratan dasar untuk pengajuan sertifikat Perizinan Berusaha untuk Menunjang Kegiatan Usaha (PBUMKU) CPPOB oleh BPOM. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan memperbaiki penerapan CPPOB di UMKM XYZ melalui pendampingan dan membantu proses pendaftaran sertifikasi PB-UMKU CPPOB. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis kesenjangan penerapan CPPOB menggunakan checklist BPOM, lalu pendampingan perbaikan, penyusunan dokumen CPPOB, dan pendaftaran sertifikasi PB-UMKU. Data yang didapatkan diolah dengan Microsoft Excel dan IBM SPSS 26. Analisis penerapan CPPOB sebelum pendampingan menunjukkan UMKM XYZ memiliki peringkat (rating) sarana produksi D (sangat kurang) dengan nilai kesesuaian penerapan CPPOB sebesar 67.9%, sedangkan setelah dilakukan pendampingan perbaikan didapatkan peringkat (rating) menjadi A (sangat baik) dengan nilai kesesuaian CPPOB menjadi 95.4%. Kegiatan pendampingan tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam memperbaiki penerapan CPPOB di UMKM karena hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukan nilai pvalue= 0.001 lebih kecil dari α=0.05. Kemudian dokumen persyaratan telah disusun dan proses pengajuan berhasil dilakukan sehingga sertifikat PB-UMKU CPPOB untuk sarana produksi UMKM XYZ telah diterbitkan oleh BPOM., The food safety system is a mandatory requirement that business operators must implement to ensure product safety. SME XYZ is a processed yogurt business that has not fully implemented the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Proper implementation of GMP is a fundamental requirement for applying Business Licensing to Support Business Activities (PB-UMKU) of GMP issued by Indonesian FDA. This research aimed to analyze and improve the implementation of GMP in SME XYZ through guidance and assistance in the PB-UMKU of GMP process. The research methodology involved analyzing the gap in GMP implementation using a checklist provided by FDA, providing assistance for improvement, preparing GMP documents, and registering for the PB-UMKU certification. Data obtained was processed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 26. The analysis of GMP implementation before guidance showed that SME XYZ had a facility rating of D (very poor) with a GMP implementation suitability value of 67.9%. However, after the improvement guidance, the analysis showed a significant improvement, with the facility rating upgraded to A (excellent) and GMP implementation suitability reaching 95.4%. The guidance activities had a significant impact on improving GMP implementation in SME XYZ, as evidenced by the Wilcoxon test result, which indicated p-value=0.001, smaller than α=0.05. Subsequently, the necessary documents were prepared, and the application process was successfully conducted. As a result, the PB-UMKU of GMP for the production facility of SME XYZ has been issued by FDA.
Keyword: GMP, Yoghurt, SME, PB-UMKU

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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