Judul: Ergonomics Study on Handling Vegetable Crops in the Highlands with a Time and Workload Study Approach
Abstrak: Lahan pertanian di Indonesia tergolong luas dan sebagian penduduknya bermata pencaharian sebagai petani. Salah satu komoditasnya yaitu sayur-sayuran. Dalam proses budidayanya, terdapat beberapa permasalahan yang menyebabkan produktivitas tenaga kerjanya rendah, salah satunya pada proses penanganan hasil panen. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menghitung dan menentukan waktu baku, tingkat beban kerja, laju konsumsi energi, serta jumlah dan distribusi tenaga kerja ideal yang dibutuhkan pada proses penanganan hasil panen sayur di dataran tinggi. Untuk mencapai tujuan digunakan studi ergonomika melalui pendekatan studi waktu dan beban kerja. Elemen kerja terdiri dari pemungutan panen, pengumpulan panen, pemuatan karung, pengikatan karung, serta pemindahan karung. Total waktu baku satu siklus penanganan hasil panen sayur 51,04 menit/kwintal. Tingkat beban kerja tergolong pekerjaan sedang, berat, hingga sangat berat. Nilai laju konsumsi energi berkisar antara 2,18 hingga 3,04 kkal/menit. Berdasarkan analisis ergonomika jumlah tenaga kerja ideal untuk menyelesaikan satu siklus penanganan hasil panen sayur ekuivalen dengan 93 orang dengan asumsi target produksi 400 kwintal per ha dan waktu kerja efektif 4,5 jam/hari. Untuk pendistribusian pada masing-masing elemen kerja yaitu untuk elemen kerja pemungutan panen dan pengikatan karung masing-masing sebanyak 10 orang, pengumpulan panen sebanyak 25 orang, pemuatan karung sebanyak 19 orang, serta pemindahan karung sebanyak 29 orang., Agricultural land in Indonesia is relatively large and some of the population makes a living as farmers. One of the commodities is vegetables. In the cultivation process, there are several problems that cause low labor productivity, one of which is the process of handling crops. The purpose of this study is to calculate and determine the standard time, workload level, energy consumption rate, as well as the ideal amount and distribution of labor needed in the process of handling vegetable crops in the highlands. To achieve the goal of ergonomics studies are used through the approach of time and workload studies. The working elements consist of harvesting, harvesting collection, sack loading, sack fastening, as well as sack removal. The total raw time of one cycle of handling vegetable crops is 51.04 minutes / quintal. The level of workload is classified as medium, heavy, to very heavy work. The value of the energy consumption rate ranges from 2.18 to 3.04 kcal/min. Based on ergonomic analysis, the ideal amount of labor to complete one cycle of handling vegetable crops is equivalent to 93 people assuming a production target of 400 quintals per ha and an effective working time of 4.5 hours / day. For distribution on each work element, namely for the work element of harvesting and binding sacks of 10 people each, harvesting collection of 25 people, loading of sacks as many as 19 people, and moving sacks as many as 29 people.
Keyword: crop handling, ergonomics, time study, vegetable, workload

Judul: Studi Waktu pada Aktivitas Pemanenan Kelapa Sawit di Perkebunan Sari Lembah Subur, Riau
Abstrak: Optimization of work productivity is needed by company. Optimum products will increase the company's profit. Productivity can be improved by method of working, time study, and salary. Working methods need to be studied in order to reduce fatigue of work so the time needed to produce a product becoming decreased. The aim of the research is to determine elements of work on oil palm harvesting activities based on patterns of working time, determination time standard on elements of the work in activity of oil palm harvesting. Research stage in oil palm harvesting activities were introduction, data collecting, data processing, and improvement. Standar time for verify the maturity of fruit (Ve) on terrace topography (T)- dry land (K)-the height of trees 0-3 m (H1) is 3.21 second, Ve on T-K- the height of trees 3-6 m (H2) is 2.39 second, Ve on flat topography (F)-K-H1 is 3.45 second, Ve on F-K-H2 is 4.59 second, Ve on F-wet land (B)-H1 is 4.27 second. Standar time for prepare harvesting tool (Pr) is 6.45 second. Standar time of cutting the fruit and stem of (Cu) on the T-K-D is 29.86 second, Cu on T-K-E1 is 38.47 second, Cu on T-K-E2 is 57.91 second, Cu on F-K-D is 14.19 second, Cu on F-K-E1 is 25.88 second, Cu on F-K-E2 is 21.06 second, Cu on F-B-D is 21.13 second. Standar time for moving the stem (Ba) is 9.53 second. Standar time for cutting the stalks (Ck) is 1.74 second. Standar time picking up the fallen fruits “brondolan” (Br) on T-K-H1 is 51.48 second, Br on T-K-H2 is 20.32 second, Br on F-K-H1 is 37.03 second, Br on F-K-H2 is 51.75 second, Br on F-B-H1 is 29.67 second. Standar time for loading fruit (Lo) is 3.75 second. Standar time for moving by carrying empty “angkong” (UDA) of 9.39 second, moving by carrying fruit (MoT) is 8.68 second, moving by carrying fruits and “angkong” (MoAT) is 13.52 second, moving (UDK) is 15.07 second. Standart time for unloading (Un) is 6.56 second. Standar time for avoidable delay is 10.83 second.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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