Judul: Pengaruh Suplementasi Sabun-kalsium dari Minyak Larva Black Soldier Fly terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen Domba Garut.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi sabunkalsium dari minyak larva black soldier fly (BSF) terhadap karakteristik fermentasi rumen domba Garut. Delapan ekor domba Garut jantan dengan ratarata BB 29,08 ± 3,62 kg dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan yaitu P1 = tanpa campuran suplementasi sabun-Ca dan P2 = dengan campuran suplementasi 4% sabun-Ca. Peubah yang diamati meliputi nilai pH rumen, konsentrasi VFA total, konsentrasi NH3, populasi bakteri total, dan populasi protozoa. Data dianalisis dengan uji-T menggunakan software SPSS 23. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 4% sabun-Ca minyak larva BSF pada ransum tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH rumen, kadar NH3, dan populasi protozoa. Pemberian 4% sabun-Ca minyak larva BSF pada ransum sangat nyata (P<0,01) meningkatkan konsentrasi VFA total dan populasi bakteri total. Penambahan sabun-Ca minyak larva BSF dengan level 4% dapat memperbaiki fermentasi rumen dengan meningkatkan populasi bakteri rumen dan konsentrasi VFA total.
Keyword: black soldier fly, calcium soap, rumen bacteria, rumen fermentation, total VFA concentration

Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Black Soldier Fly (BSF) terhadap Fermentasi Rumen pada Domba Garut
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian minyak black soldier fly terhadap fermentasi rumen pada domba Garut. Ternak yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak delapan ekor domba Garut jantan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu P0 (ransum tanpa minyak BSF, kontrol) dan P1(P0 + 4% minyak BSF). Peubah yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, konsentrasi VFA total, kadar amonia, populasi bakteri dan populasi protozoa. Data dianalisis dengan uji T menggunakan SPSS 23. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nilai pH, kadar amonia, VFA, dan populasi protozoa pada rumen tidak berbeda nyata antara kedua perlakuan. Jumlah bakteri pada P0 (3,84 log CFU ml-1) nyata (P<0,05) lebih rendah dari P1 (4,85 log CFU ml-1). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian minyak BSF pada level 4% dalam pakan domba tidak memberikan efek negatif terhadap fermentasi rumen bahkan meningkatkan jumlah bakteri dalam rumen., This study was conducted to examine the effect of giving black soldier fly oil on rumen fermentation in Garut sheep. The animal used were eight male Garut sheep. The treatments applied were P0 (ration without BSF oil, control) and P1 (P0 + 4% BSF oil). The variables measured included pH value, total VFA concentration, ammonia value, bacterial population, and protozoa population. Data were analyzed by T test using SPSS 23 where the results showed that the values of pH, ammonia value, VFA, and the population of protozoa in the rumen were not significantly different between treatments. The total bacteria P0 (3.84 log CFU ml-1) was significantly lower (P<0,05) than P1 (4.85 log CFU ml-1). It can be concluded that the application of BSF oil at the level of 4% in sheep feed did not have a negative effect on rumen fermentation, but it increased total bacteria in the rumen.
Keyword: BSF oil, Garut Sheep, rumen fermentation

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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