Judul: An Analysis of The Existence and Handling Priority of Regency Road Section for Regional Development Purposes in The North Tapanuli Regency
Abstrak: Jalan sebagai jaringan transportasi darat merupakan bagian unsur fundamental dalam perencanaan pengembangan wilayah. Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara memiliki jalan kabupaten sepanjang 1.222,01 km yang terbagi menjadi 194 ruas. Keterbatasan dana dalam penanganannya menyebabkan perlunya menentukan wilayah dan ruas jalan kabupaten yang dianggap prioritas penanganannya dengan memperhatikan hirarki wilayah, potensi sektor pertanian pada setiap wilayah yang menjadi sektor andalan di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara dan pendapat stakeholder dalam mengatasi permasalahan penanganan ruas jalan kabupaten di Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara., Road as the land transportation network is part of a fundamental elements in planning of regional development. North Tapanuli Regency has 1.222,01 km regency road which is divided into 194 sections. However, due to limited available fund, need to determine regency road section that are considered priority by observing hierarchy region, potency of agricultural sector in each region and opinions of stakeholders in addressing the issue of handling the regency road in North Tapanuli Regency.
Keyword: North Tapanuli, regency road, regional development

Judul: Road Network Analysis and Handling Priority for Regional Development in Tana Toraja District
Abstrak: The availability of transportation infrastructure connecting cities with production centers provides opportunities and stimulates regional growth and economic development. Regional economic growth can be further accelerated if supported by transportation services that run smoothly, of adequate capacity, and accessible to the entire region. Tana Toraja District has a mobility index that exceeds the minimum standard for services in public works and spatial planning based on Regulation of Minister of Public Works No.14/PRT/M/2010, and therefore should focus its road transportation services through improving existing road networks, not through construction of new roads. With the multitude existing roads that the Tana Toraja District Government must manage with limited budget, a road network planning priority is needed to ensure effective allocation and use of the limited budget for Tana Toraja District development, especially in the road network sub-sector. This study attempts to provide an alternative solution for the Tana Toraja District Government in planning priority road networks for future regional development. This study aims to: (1) Obtain conformance between road networks and potential roads in Tana Toraja District, (2) Obtain regional growth level in Tana Toraja District, (3) Construct stakeholders’ perception of road network handling in Tana Toraja District, and (4) Compile and determine road network handling priority in Tana Toraja District. The methods employed in the study are descriptive analysis, Scalogram analysis, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and logical synthesis. Results show that the highest regional potential based on population density are Makale and North Makale Sub-Districts, while the highest regional potential based on agriculture production are Mengkendek Sub-District as the greatest rice producer and Bonggakaradeng Sub-District as the greatest non-rice crops (palawija) producer. For regional development, Makale and North Makale Sub- Districts are ranked as hierarchy I areas as center of services; Gandangbatu Sillanan, Sangalla, Kurra, Bonggakaradeng, and Mappak Sub-Districts are ranked as hierarchy II area as sub-center of services; and South Makale, South Sangalla, North Sangalla, Mengkendek, Rano, Simbuang, Rembon, Rantetayo, Saluputti, Malimbong Balepe, Bittuang, and Masanda Sub-Disctricts are ranked as hierarchy III as hinterlands. Based on stakeholder perception, regional potential based on tourism objects are the priorities in determining road network priority in Tana Toraja District. Road networks that are priorities in regional development planning in Tana Toraja District are divided into two alternatives: (1) Batupapan – Rantekurra, Passobo – Kondodewata, Kokkang – Buakayu, Tetebassi – Kondoran, and tourism ring road network; and (2) Makale – Kaduaja, Batupapan – Rantekurra, Passobo – Kondodewata, Kokkang – Buakayu, Tetebassi – Kondoran, , and tourism ring road network. The construction of one of these alternative road networks will facilitate the flow of people, goods, and services which will accelerate regional economic growth. Accelerated regional economic growth will stimulate the growth of other sectors. In turn, a good, functional relationship between regional center and hinterlands will be created and will mutually support the development of these areas.
Keyword: priority, regional development, road network, Tana Toraja

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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