Judul: Penggunaan Gas HHO dan Uji Kinerjanya pada Traktor Pertanian
Abstrak: There were many efforts which can be done to reduce fossil fuel consumption. There are bioethanol, biodiesel, and enriched fuel that can be used to reduce fossil fuel consumption. This research was constituted to implement HHO gas on diesel fuel mixed for hand tractor. This research was aimed to study the performance of drawbar pull, fuel consumption and emission of tractor added with HHO gas in fuel system. Conventional HHO generator and resonance HHO generator were used to generate HHO gas HHO gas is define a mixture of hydrogen and oxygen as a result of were electrolysis, this gas also known as Brown gas. Both of them used KOH as catalyst. The concentration of catalyst used was 50gr/l, 25gr/l, 10gr/l. the results showed that drawbar pull performance increased after HHO gas added to fuel system. The drawbar pull increased up to 14.14% on concrete path and 6.39% on soil path. Fuel consumption and emission decreased after HHO gas added to fuel system.The fuel consumption decreased down to 19.21% on concrete path and 16.69% on soil path. The emission (carbon monoxide) decreased down to 68.17%.
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Judul: Kajian Kinerja Tarik Traktor Tangan dengan Menggunakan Bahan Bakar Biodiesel Minyak Sawit
Abstrak: This study discusses the tractive performance of hand tractor (drawbar pull, drawbar power, and cultivated field capacity using mouldboard plough) fueled with biodiesel from palm oil and analysed the economics of biodiesel implementation as fuel. The tests were performed on Huanghai DF-12L. In this study, palm oil biodiesel are tested as diesel fuels in neat (B100) and blended forms with diesel fuels commercial (B20, B40, B60, B80); the performance of hand tractor using biodiesel in neat and blended forms compared with using diesel fuels commercial. In order to determine the traction performance characteristic, hand tractor operated at constant engine speed mode 2000 rpm (the full load condition of the engine). Hand tractor loaded by Yanmar YM330T (four wheel tractor) that operated at five levels engine speed mode that is 1200 – 2000 rpm with 200 rpm increments. The tractive tests were performed on grass track and concrete track, whereas cultivation performed in dry land. The results indicated that drawbar pull and drawbar power of hand tractor on grass track and concrete track were uniformed (especially on grass track); hand tractor fueled with B40 and B100 showed increase trend compared to diesel fuels commercial, whereas other fuels tested showed decreased trend. Otherwise the cultivated field capacity of hand tractor fueled biodiesel from palm oil closely followed those of fueled with diesel fuels commercial. Based on this study, the implementation of biodiesel from palm oil either neat or blended forms are suitable as alternative diesel fuel for hand tractor although more expensive compared to diesel fuels commercial.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii