Judul: Payment for Environmental Water Service Mechanism in Gede Pangrango National Park, West Java (Case Study in Tangkil and Cinagara Villages).
Abstrak: Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango (TNGGP) memiliki peran penting dalam perlindungan sistem tata air serta pemberdayaan masyarakat di sekitarnya. Kawasan ini memiliki nilai manfaat air sebesar Rp 4,341 milyar/tahun (Darusman 1993). Salah satu cara yang dilakukan untuk melindungi sistem tata air adalah melalui mekanisme pembayaran jasa lingkungan. Keberlanjutan mekanisme pembayaran jasa lingkungan air diharapkan akan meningkatkan posisi kawasan TNGGP sebagai penyedia jasa lingkungan air dan bahan pertimbangan untuk mengatur pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan air di kawasan konservasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui mekanisme, keterlibatan para pihak serta mengevaluasi mekanisme pembayaran jasa lingkungan air di kawasan TNGGP. Penelitian ini dilakukan di TNGGP dan sekitarnya pada bulan September- November 2011. Data dikumpulkan melalui studi literatur, observasi lapang dan wawancara semi terstruktur dengan narasumber kunci dan anggota kelompok tani. Narasumber dipilih secara purposif dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat pengetahuan narasumber terhadap mekanisme pembayaran jasa lingkungan air. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis para pihak berdasarkan Groenendjik (2003). Selain itu, mekanisme yang berjalan dilihat berdasarkan definisi Wunder (2005) dan literatur lainnya. Mekanisme pembayaran jasa lingkungan air di TNGGP didasari oleh surat edaran Dirjen PHKA nomor SE.3/IV-SET/2008. Selanjutnya, dibentuk forum independen yang mengelola insentif dari para pemanfaat jasa lingkungan air TNGGP. Dana kompensasi yang terkumpul kemudian digunakan untuk menjalankan program kerja serta manajemen Forpela TNGGP. Keterlibatan para pihak dilihat berdasarkan keikutsertaan para pihak dalam mekanisme. Pihak yang terlibat pada awal penginisiasian mekanisme antara lain: BB TNGGP, ESPUSAID, RCS, Dinas PSDA, Dinas ESDM, Dinas Pertanian dan Kehutanan, dan Dirjen PJLKKHL. Pihak yang terlibat dalam penerapan mekanisme antara lain: KT Saluyu, KT Garuda Ngupuk, KSM Cinagara Asri, Forpela TNGGP, Mapala UI, YBUL, dan pemanfaat-pemanfaat air (PT Rejosari Bumi, PT Pacul Mas Tani, BPKH Cinagara, STPP Cinagara dan Pusdiklat Karya Nyata). Mekanisme ini termasuk mekanisme “PES-like” karena memenuhi hampir semua kriteria Wunder (2005). Namun, berdasarkan perkembangan mekanisme PJL yang terjadi di lapangan, mekanisme PJL di desa Tangkil dan Cinagara lebih terlihat sebagai upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan melakukan kolaborasi dengan berbagai pihak, sedangkan upaya konservasi dilakukan BB TNGGP selaku pengelola kawasan TNGGP.
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Judul: Kajian Mekanisme Pembayaran Jasa Lingkungan Penyediaan Sumberdaya Air (Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Lombok Barat dan Kota Mataram, Nusa Tenggara Barat)
Abstrak: The springs at the upper Jangkok watersheds are the supplier of clean water for West Lombok District, Mataram City and some areas in Central Lombok District society. Sesaot forest area are the headwaters of Jangkok watershed. Most of their area has been managed by farm-forest society with Community Forest Management system (CFM). There are many problems in Jangkok watershed area, such as land degradation, many potential damage of biophysical aspects and institutional aspects of forest community groups, a decreasing of springs number and the lowering of average water debit at Jangkok river, landsliding, erosion, sedimentation and water crisis threathening as the result of water debit decreases and water demand increases. The upstream society as a service providers had been required to protect the land cover and the same time they are has had their lives on. Downstream society in Mataram City utilizing the environment services of water through PDAM. The downstream society moval for water preciousness, which should be used as economic goods, and payments for the upstream society who preserves watersheds in the catchment area, known as the payment for environmental services (PES) mechanism. An efforts in West Lombok District, supported by local regulation West Lombok District No. 4/2007 about management of environmental services for water utilization and tourism, is a form of payment for environmental services mechanisms. Payment for environmental services mechanisms was a new scheme in Indonesia. For further application, learning is needed for the involved parties, each stakeholder role, law enforcement, regulations and agreements along with the stakeholder succesfullness at the field. This performances included the field realities and each party benefits. The data had been collected by triangulation method : interview, field observation and documents tracking. Stakeholder analysis method and qualitative descriptive analysis had been used for data analysis. Stakeholder which are involved in PES mechanism for water resources supply in West Lombok District and Mataram City identified as many as 18 stakeholder. PES mechanisms for water resources supply in West Lombok District and Mataram City managed by IMP and it has a legal basis. It is counted as pure PES. Its fulfill five criteria there are voluntary transaction, well-defined environmental service, a buyer and provider of environmental services, and environmental services provider secures environmental service provision.
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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