Judul: Evaluation the Quality of Semen in Madura, Peranakan Ongole and Limousin at Lembang, Bandung Artificial Insemination Center (AIC)
Abstrak: Inseminasi buatan merupakan upaya pemerintah untuk meningkatkan produktifitas sapi dari pejantan unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas semen pada bangsa sapi madura, peranakan ongole dan limousin. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Balai Inseminasi Buatan (BIB) Lembang, Bandung, Jawa Barat. Ternak yang digunakan adalah sapi madura, sapi peranakan ongole dan sapi limousin masing-masing sebanyak 5 ekor. Sebelum dianalisis, dilakukan uji kenormalan menggunakan uji sebaran Z. Data peubah setiap bangsa sapi dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) menggunakan program Minitab 17 pada data absolut dan data relatif. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sapi madura, peranakan ongole dan limousin di BIB Lembang memiliki perbedaan kualitas semen. Secara absolut sapi limuosin memiliki volume semen paling tinggi sedangkan sapi peranakan ongole memiliki motilitas, konsentrasi spermatozoa dan jumlah produksi spermatozoa nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan sapi limousin dan sapi madura. Data relatif didapatkan bobot badan berpengaruh nyata pada semua peubah kecuali pada volume semen dan sapi madura memiliki nilai paling tinggi dibadingkan sapi lain., Artificial insemination is the government's efforts to the productivity of superior bulls. This research aims to evaluate the quality of semen in madura, ongole grade, and limousine cattle. This research used secondary data from the Artificial Insemination Center (AIC) Lembang, Bandung, West Java. The bull used were, madura cattle, ongole grade cattle and limousine cattle each with 5 cattle. Before analysis, the data were tested for normality using the Z distribution test. Variable data on each breed were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) using the Minitab 17 program on absolute and relative data. The results showed that madura cattle, ongole grade cattle, and limousine cattle in BIB Lembang have different semen qualities. In absolute data, limuosin cattle have the highest semen volume, while ongole grade has higher motility, sperm concentration, and sperm count production than limousine and madura cattle. Relative data showed that body weight has a significant effect on all variables except for the volume of semen and Madura cattle had the highest value compared to other cattle.
Keyword: kualitas semen, sapi pedaging, bobot badan

Judul: Comparative Factors Influencing Semen Bull Quality in Singosari Nasional Artificial Insemination Center
Abstrak: Inseminasi buatan merupakan program yang dicanangkan pemerintah dalam upaya mendorong peningkatan populasi dan produktifitas sapi untuk mencukupi kebutuhan protein hewani. Tingkat keberhasilan inseminasi buatan ditentukan oleh kualitas semen pejantan, yang pengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor diantaranya bangsa, umur, musim dan penanganan semen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor biologi reproduksi (bangsa dan umur) dan faktor teknis (false mounting dan musim) terhadap kualitas semen sapi pejantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder kualitas semen. Sapi yang digunakan berupa sapi bali, limousin dan simmental berjumlah 12 ekor dari Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan Singosari dari tahun 2020 sampai 2021. Data yang telah ditabulasi kemudian dianalisis mengunakan general linear model pada program statistical analysis sistem (SAS). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa interaksi bangsa dan umur terhadap semua parameter kualitas semen yang diamati adalah nyata secara statistik (P<0,05). Faktor bangsa sapi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap jumlah total spermatozoa, motilitas spermatozoa dan abnormalias spermatozoa, kecuali volume semen dan konsentrasi spermatozoa. Faktor umur berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap volume semen, jumlah total spermatozoa, motilitas dan abnormalitas spermatozoa, kecuali konsentrasi spermatozoa. Interaksi false mounting dan musim hanya berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsentrasi spermatozoa. Musim tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap semua parameter kualitas semen. False mounting hanya berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsentrasi spermatozoa. Penampungan semen pejantan sapi bali, simmental dan limousin sudah dapat dilakukan pada umur 3 tahun dimana pada umur tersebut pejantan sudah mencapai umur dewasa kelamin. Sapi bali dan limousin memiliki jangka waktu produksi semen lebih panjang dan kualitas semen yang stabil, sedangkan sapi simmental memiliki jangka waktu produksi semen lebih pendek dan kualitas semen menurun pada umur 9-10 tahun, tetapi semen masih layak untuk diproduksi. Penampungan semen sebaiknya dilakukan menggunakan false mounting 3 kali., Artificial insemination is a program launched by the government in order to encourage increase in populatin and productivity of local cattle to meet animal protein needs. The success rate of artificial insemination is determined by the quality of the semen which is influenced by several factors such as breed, age, season and handling of the semen. This study aims to exemine reproductive biological factors (breed and age) and technical factors (false mounting and season) on the semen quality of bulls. This study uses secondary data on semen quality. The study used 12 cattle comprising 4 bali, 4 limousin and 4 simmental bulls from the Singosari National Artificial Insemination Center from 2020 to 2021. The data were then analyzed using the general linear model procedure from statistical analysis system (SAS). The results showed that the interaction between breed and age on all observed parameters of semen quality were statistically significant (P<0.05). Breed of cattle had significant (P<0.05) on total sperm number, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities, except on semen volume and sperm concentration. The age had a significant effect (P<0.05) on semen volume, total sperm number, sperm motility and sperm abnormalities, except sperm concentration. The interacton between false mounting and season was significant (P<0.05) only on sperm concentrations. There was no significant difference between seasons for all observed semen quality parameters, while the false mounting factor had a significant effect (P<0.05) only on sperm concentration. Semen colletion for bali,
Keyword: Bangsa sapi, False mounting, Kualitas semen, Musim, Umur pejantan

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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