Judul: Evaluasi Karakter Vegetatif Hoya (Apocynaceae) di Kebun Raya Bogor
Abstrak: Hoya is epiphyte, lithophyte plant, or shrub. Information of morphological diversity is essential to it’s development as an ornamental plant. The aim of this research was to study the morphological diversity of vegetative characters of Hoya that are collected in Bogor Botanical Garden, in order to facilitate identification in the field. This research provides the diversity of vegetative characters of Hoya as one of the library reference, and provides a Hoya identification key based on vegetative characters. Twenty six Hoya species were morphologically characterized their vegetative organs. The data then were tabulated, and used for constructing an identification key. The results showed that Hoya has variation in several vegetative characters i.e shape, size, base and tip of the leaf, vein shape of leaf, leaf blade surface (indumentum), leaf blade color, petiole shape, indumentum, size and color of the stem. The best characters for distinguishing among Hoya species were the form of the leaf blade and leaf venation. Some species have some unique characters that can be used to distinguish among species of Hoya, for example H. imbricata has imbricate leaf arrengement, reniform shape and purple abaksial surface. The leaf venation of H. finlaysonii is pinnate that has contrast color between venation and blade. The specific features of other species will be discussed further in this paper.
Keyword: identification key, vegetative characters, morphology, Hoya

Judul: Morphological characterization of Hoya diversifolia Blume growing spontaneously in Bogor Botanical Garden
Abstrak: Hoya diversifolia merupakan tumbuhan epifit yang tumbuh subur pada berbagai inang dengan karakter batang berkulit tebal, kasar, dan retak– retak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi tumbuhan H. diversifolia dan menyeleksi tumbuhan H. diversifolia terbaik yang tumbuh spontan di Kebun Raya Bogor untuk dikembangkan sebagai tanaman hias. Karakterisasi dilakukan terhadap karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif organ vegetatif dan generatif dari 30 individu H. diversifolia. Selanjutnya data ditabulasikan dalam bentuk matrik dan digunakan untuk membangun dendogram dengan index RT (Rogers and Tanimoto) dan metode UPGMA. Hoya diversifolia bervariasi pada warna dan ukuran bunga, daun, dan batang. Berdasarkan karakter kualitatif dan kuantitatif, ditemukan individu H. diversifolia yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai tanaman hias. Individu ini memiliki sembilan pedunkel dengan rata- rata 18 pedicel disetiap pedunkel., Hoya diversifolia is an epiphytic plant that thrives on various of host stem with thick-skinned, rough, and cracked character. This study aimed to characterize H. diversifolia plants and selecting the best plants that grow spontaneously in the Bogor Botanical Garden to be developed as an ornamental plant. Morphological characterization of qualitatif and quantitative characters was observed from vegetative and generative organs of 30 individuals of H. diversifolia. Furthermore, the data were tabulated and used to construct a dendogram using index RT (Rogers and Tanimoto) and UPGMA method. H. diversifolia varied in color and size of flowers, leaves, and stems. Based on qualitative and quantitative characters, there was an individual of H. diversifolia potentially to be developed as an ornamental plant. This variant had nice peduncle with 19 pedicel each peduncle. Keywords: Hoya diversifolia Blume, Morphology, Bogor Botanical Garden
Keyword: Hoya diversifolia Blume, morfologi, Kebun Raya Bogor

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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