Judul: Penyelesaian masalah perjalanan pedagang keliling dengan pick-up dan delivery menggunakan algoritma branch and bound
Abstrak: TSPD (Traveling Salesman Problem with Pick-up and Delivery) adalah suatu masalah menentukan rute dengan biaya minimum atau jarak terpendek bagi seorang pedagang keliling yang menggunakan kendaraan untuk melakukan kegiatan perngambilan barang (pick-up) dan pengiriman barang (delivery). Perjalanan tersebut dimulai dan berakhir di gudang dalam satu kali perjalanan. Dalam tulisan ini dibuktikan teorema-teorema yang digunakan untuk penyelesaian Masalah P dan contoh kasus dengan tiga pelanggan pick up dan tiga pelanggan delivery. Model TSPD dengan Masalah P dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan algoritma Branch and Bound (Kalantari).
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Judul: Penyelesaian Traveling Salesman problem Menggunakan Algoritme Simulated Annealing
Abstrak: Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) sering kali dimanfaatkan untuk menyelesaikan berbagai permasalahan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, salah satunya adalah kegiatan distribusi. TSP dapat diselesaikan dengan metode eksak maupun melalui metode pendekatan. Namun penyelesaian TSP berukuran besar dengan metode eksak cenderung memakan waktu yang sangat lama. Maka dari itu terdapat beberapa metode yang dikembangkan untuk permasalahan TSP ini. Pada karya ilmiah ini, akan dilakukan penyelesaian terhadap permasalahan TSP menggunakan metode pendekatan Simulated Annealing (SA) dan metode eksak Branch and Bound. Terdapat tiga permasalahan TSP yang akan diselesaikan. Permasalahan pertama terdiri dari 25 node, permasalahan kedua terdiri dari 40 node, dan permasalahan ketiga terdiri dari 68 node. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa iterasi dan waktu eksekusi yang dibutuhkan metode SA jauh lebih sedikit dibandingkan dengan metode eksak. Namun selisih jarak yang dihasilkan metode SA dengan metode eksak masih relatif besar pada kasus II dan III yaitu 5,5% dan 7,6%., Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is often used to solve various problems in daily life, one of which is distribution activities. TSP can be solved by an exact method or an approach method. However, the large cases tends to take a very long time to solve using the exact method. Therefore, there are several methods developed for this problem. In this manuscript, the exact method used to solve TSP is Branch and Bound and for the approach method using the metaheuristic Simulated Annealing (SA) method. There are three cases that will be resolved. The first case consists of 25 nodes, the second case consists of 40 nodes, and the third case consists of 68 nodes. The results obtained show that the iteration and the execution time required by the SA method is much less than the exact method. However, the difference between the distance produced by the SA method and the exact method was still relatively large in the second case and the third case, that is 5,5% and 7,6%.
Keyword: Branch and Bound, Simulated Annealing, Traveling Salesman Problem

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity