Judul: A Study of The Treatment for Feline Urethral Obstruction (FUO) at My Animal Veterinary Clinic, Melaka, Malaysia in 2021
Abstrak: Feline urethral obstruction (FUO) is a general and emergency manifestation of feline urinary tract disease. Generally, the clinical signs of FUO are stranguria, feel discomfort or vocalizing when straining to urinate, increased agitation, hematuria, lethargy, anorexia and even vomiting. This case study was designed to collect and analyze the data of treatment of feline urethral obstruction (FUO) at My Animal Veterinary Clinic, Melaka, Malaysia in 2021. The secondary data of the type of treatment used was obtained from “MedexVet Clinic Management System” in My Animal Veterinary Clinic, Melaka, Malaysia. Then, the data obtained was then recorded and analyzed descriptively using Microsoft Excel® 2016. Antibiotics are the most prescribed medications for FUO at My Animal Veterinary Clinic in 2021, accounting for 97.26%. The least prescribed medications are α1-adrenergic antagonists and antiseizures, accounting for 1.37%, respectively. In conclusion, the most used treatment combination at My Animal Veterinary Clinic, Melaka, Malaysia in 2021 was medications, IV fluids, urinary catheterization, and urologic diet., Feline urethral obstruction (FUO) adalah manifestasi umum dan darurat penyakit saluran kemih kucing. Umumnya, gejala klinis FUO termasuk stranguria, merasa tidak nyaman atau bersuara saat ingin buang air kecil, agitasi meningkat, hematuria, lesu, anoreksia dan bahkan muntah. Studi kasus ini dirancang untuk mengumpulkan dan menganalisis data pengobatan FUO di Rumah Sakit Hewan My Animal Melaka, Malaysia pada tahun 2021. Data sekunder dari jenis perawatan yang digunakan diperoleh dari “MedexVet Clinic Management System” Data yang diperoleh kemudian dicatat dan dianalisis secara deskriptif menggunakan Microsoft Excel® 2016. Antibiotik adalah obat yang paling banyak diresepkan untuk FUO di Rumah Sakit Hewan My Animal pada tahun 2021, terhitung 97,26%. Obat yang paling sedikit diresepkan adalah antagonis α1- adrenergik dan anti kejang, masing-masing menyumbang 1,37%. Kesimpulannya, kombinasi pengobatan yang paling banyak digunakan di Rumah Sakit Hewan My Animal, Melaka, Malaysia pada tahun 2021 adalah obat-obatan, cairan IV, kateterisasi urin, dan diet urologi.
Keyword: combination, feline, medications, treatment, urethral obstruction

Judul: Obat Terapeutik dalam Pengobatan Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) di Rumah Sakit Hewan Gasing, Malaysia
Abstrak: Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a broad term often used in describing any disorders affecting the lower urinary tract which includes the bladder and urethra. Although there are multiple causes of FLUTD, the common clinical signs seen are hematuria, stranguria, dysuria, pollakiuria, and periuria. The study aims to obtain and analyze secondary data of therapeutic drugs used in the treatment of FLUTD at Gasing Veterinary Hospital in the year 2019. The highest proportion of drugs used were antibiotics at 37%. Muscle relaxants were the second most administered drug at 34%, followed by anti-inflammatories at 26%. Other therapeutic substances which were administered in smaller proportions include anti-fibrinolytic agents (2%) and nutritional supplements (1%). It was concluded that, the types of drugs that were administered in FLUTD cases comprised of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, anti-fibrinolytic agents, and nutritional supplements., Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) adalah istilah luas yang sering digunakan untuk gangguan pada saluran kemih dan uretra. Meskipun terdapat beberapa penyebab FLUTD, tanda klinis yang umum terlihat adalah hematuria, stranguria, disuria, pollakiuria, dan periuria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dan menganalisis data sekunder obat terapeutik yang digunakan dalam pengobatan FLUTD di Rumah Sakit Hewan Gasing tahun 2019. Obat yang paling banyak digunakan adalah antibiotik dengan proporsi 37%. Obat relaksan otot adalah obat kedua yang paling banyak diberikan dengan proporsi 34%, diikuti oleh obat antiinflamasi (26%). Zat terapeutik lain yang diberikan dalam proporsi yang lebih kecil termasuk agen antifibrinolitik (2%) dan suplemen nutrisi (1%). Kesimpulannya, jenis obat yang diberikan pada kasus FLUTD terdiri dari antibiotik, antiinflamasi, relaksan otot, agen antifibrinolitik, dan suplemen nutrisi.
Keyword: drug, feline, FLUTD, therapeutic, treatment

Judul: Analysis of Unequal Income Distribution with Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Abstrak: This paper studies the economic growth model by Moav (2002). Moav model shows the existence of unequal income distribution between low-income with high-income community. That kind of unequal income distribution is caused by uneven distribution of income. On this Moav model, there is one area called the threshold. Threshold becomes a benchmark to determining whether a society is categorized into low- or high- income community. The production function used in this paper is the Cobb-Douglas function. The dynamics of this model is described as difference equation of low-income, threshold, and high-income community. Simulation study on the model is carried out using Maple 13 and Mathematica 7.0 software. Overall, from the observed case, high-income community will reach a stable condition earlier, followed by the threshold, and then the low-income community.
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