Judul: Stress-induced Behaviour in Rams of Three Different Sheep (Ovis aries) Breeds: Indicator of Welfare?
Abstrak: Growing importance of and concern for the welfare of farm animals within production systems has been the basis for an enormous amount of scientific studies. The goal of the present study was to investigate whether both vocal and social behaviour of sheep, under specific stress-inducing situations, could be used as an indicator of the animals’ welfare status. Two separate experiments were carried out with 2-3 year old adult rams. The animals were of three breeds, namely Barbados Blackbelly Cross, Local Garut and Composite Garut. In the first experiment twelve clinically healthy animals, four from each breed, were subjected to three different levels of social isolation. The animals were held completely alone, in the presence of a human and alone in a group pen adjacent to a pen with conspecifics. During the isolation sessions both vocal and locomotive behaviour of each animal were recorded. The recorded calls were acoustically analyzed using specialized acoustic software. The results showed that the levels of isolation were characterized by very specific behavioural responses with an increased amount of locomotor activity and vocalization in partially isolated animals. The animals that were completely isolated showed a higher amount of inactive behaviour. No specific differences were found in the behaviour of animals that were held completely alone and the ones which were in the presence of a human observer. Acoustic analysis of the recorded calls showed significant differences in a number of temporal and structural features. Spectral analysis revealed the most notable differences in the amount of sound energy integrated in the calls. Differences were found in both locomotive and vocal behaviour based on isolation level and breed....dst
Keyword: vocalization, behaviour, animal welfare, stress, sheep

Judul: Kajian Respon Fisiologis dan Tingkah Laku Stres Ternak Domba di Desa Lingkar Kampus IPB Dramaga Bogor.
Abstrak: Sheep is one of popular ruminants in Indonesia, because sheep is one of source of animal protein, and also easy and convenient to be raised. Problem encountered in the development of rural farm is low productivity. This research aimed to evaluate the physiological response and stress behavior of sheep in the villages around campus IPB Dramaga Bogor at the age and time of difference. This research used 16 lambs from each of I0 (<1 year old) and I1 (1-1.5 years old) and observed for about two months. Parameters of physiological response that had been observed were respiration rate, heart rate, and rectal temperature. The parameters of behaviors that had been observed were resting, agonistic, vocalization, locomotive, and ingestive behaviours. Physiological response and behaviours data were analized by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The research results showed that the heart rate and rectal temperature was affected by age. Sheep in age I0 had higher heart rate and rectal temperature (p<0.05) compared in age I1. Sheep behaviors were not affected by the treatment, namely frequency on every treatment was the same. In general, frequency of resting and ingestive were higher than the frequency of other behaviors. However, in general it was concluded that physiological response and behavior of sheep farmed in the village around campus Dramaga IPB Bogor were still in normal conditions, therefore the sheep in this area would be ready to be more developed.
Keyword: physiological response, sheep, stress behaviour

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf