Judul: Effect of Java Ginseng (Talinum paniculatum) Infusion on Mice (Mus musculus) Muscle Endurance in the Swimming Test Model
Abstrak: Peningkatan perilaku sedenter dalam masyarakat menyebabkan penurunan ketahanan otot. Ginseng jawa (Talinum paniculatum) berpotensi meningkatkan ketahanan otot karena memiliki kandungan ginsenosida. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas dan dosis efektif infusa ginseng jawa untuk meningkatkan ketahanan otot dengan menggunakan mencit sebagai hewan model. Sebanyak 25 ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yakni 1) kelompok mencit yang diberi 53 μL akuades tanpa pemberian infusa akar ginseng jawa sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif; 2) kelompok mencit yang diberi infusa akar ginseng jawa dengan dosis 0,05 g/kg BB; 3) kelompok mencit yang diberi infusa akar ginseng jawa dengan dosis 0,1 g/kg BB; 4) kelompok mencit yang diberi infusa akar ginseng jawa dengan dosis 0,3 g/kg BB; dan 5) kontrol positif yang diberi taurin dengan dosis 1,3 mg/kg BB. Pengujian dilakukan dengan uji ketahanan berenang sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan dengan interval 6 jam setelah 7 hari perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati mencakup durasi renang, suhu tubuh, frekuensi napas, dan frekuensi denyut jantung. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) satu arah kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian infusa ginseng jawa paling efektif meningkatkan durasi renang pada dosis 0,3 g/kg BB dengan perbandingan lurus antara durasi renang dan dosis pemberian infusa ginseng jawa., Increases in sedentary behavior decreases muscle endurance. Java ginseng (Talinum paniculatum) may improve muscle endurance with its ginsenoside content. This study aims to test the effectiveness and effective dosage of java ginseng infusion in increasing muscle endurance in mice. A total of 25 male mice were divided into 5 groups of treatments i.e., 1) experimental mice administered with 53 μL distilled water without java ginseng infusion as a negative control, 2) experimental mice administered with java ginseng infusion at a dose of 0,05 g/kg BW; 3) experimental mice administered with java ginseng infusion at a dose of 0,1g/kg BW; 4) experimental mice administered with java ginseng infusion at a dose of 0,3 g/kg BW, and 5) experimental mice administered with taurine at a dose of 1,3 mg/kg BWas a positive control. The experiment was conducted using the forced swimming test, 3 repetitions with a 6-hour interval after 7 days of treatment. Parameters observed were swim duration, body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Data analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results showed that treatment using java ginseng infusion most effectively increased swim duration with the 0,3 g/kg BW dose, positively correlated with dosage.
Keyword: ginseng jawa, infusa herbal, ketahanan otot, mencit, uji renang paksa

Judul: Immunomodulatory Activity of Javanese Ginseng Infusion (Talinum paniculatum) in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Ginseng jawa merupakan tanaman herbal yang diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai imunomodulator. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kemampuan infusa ginseng jawa sebagai imunomodulator berdasarkan aktivitas dan indeks fagositosis makrofag peritoneal mencit serta menentukan dosis yang paling efektif sebagai imunomodulator. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit galur DDY jantan yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (air mineral), kontrol positif (sediaan imunomodulator komersial), infusa ginseng jawa (IGJ) dosis 33 mg/kg BB, 66 mg/kg BB, dan 200 mg/kg BB. Pemberian infusa ginseng jawa dilakukan satu kali sehari selama 14 hari secara peroral dengan mikropipet. Mencit diinduksi dengan Staphylococcus aureus nonpatogen (108 CFU/ml) pada hari ke-15 secara intraperitoneal sebelum dilakukan koleksi cairan peritoneal. Cairan peritoneal lalu dibuat preparat ulas dan dilakukan pengamatan terhadap jumlah makrofag aktif dan S. aureus yang terfagositosis. Selanjutnya aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks fagositosis makrofag dihitung. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks fagositosis pada seluruh kelompok yang diberikan IGJ berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Aktivitas dan indeks fagositosis tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok IGJ 200 mg/kg BB dengan nilai berturut-turut 74,83%±2,32% dan 3,07±0,05., Javanese ginseng is an herbal plant known to contain active compounds that can potentially act as immunomodulators. This study aims to identify the ability of javanese ginseng infusion as an immunomodulator based on the activity and phagocytosis index of mice peritoneal macrophages and to determine the most effective dose as an immunomodulator. This study used 30 male DDY mice, divided into 5 groups: negative control (mineral water), positive control (commercial immunomodulator), javanese ginseng infusion (JGI) 33 mg/kg BW, 66 mg/kg BW, and 200 mg/kg BW. Javanese ginseng infusion was administered orally once a day for 14 days using a micropipette. Mice were induced with nonpathogenic Staphylococcus aureus 108 CFU/ml on day 15 intraperitoneally before collecting peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal fluid was then prepared and the number of active macrophages and phagocytosed S. aureus were observed. Furthermore, the phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis index of macrophages were calculated. The results showed that the phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis index in all groups given javanese ginseng infusion were significantly different (p<0,05) compared to the control group. The highest phagocytosis activity and index were found in the IGJ 200 mg/kg BW group, with values of 74.83±2.32% and 3.07±0.05.
Keyword: aktivitas fagositosis, ginseng jawa, imunomodulator, indeks fagositosis, makrofag

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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