Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Calpastatin (CAST|MspI) pada Bangsa Sapi di Indonesia dengan Teknik PCR RFLP
Abstrak: Calpastatin (CAST) is a gene that inhibits degeredation of protein muscle. The increasing of calpastatin’s activity causes the increasing of hiperthropy, in the other hands decreasing meat tenderness. The objective of this research was to identify polymorphism of calpastatin (CAST-MspI) genes in Indonesian cattle breeds. This research used 283 Indonesian cattle breeds, they are bali cattle (100), madura cattle (68), pesisir cattle (50), aceh cattle (15), and katingan cattle (50). Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to identify polymorphism of calpastatin genes in Indonesian cattle breeds. The result revealed two genotypes MM and MN and two alleles M and N. Genotype frequence of bali cattle, madura cattle, aceh cattle, and katingan cattle MM (1,00) were evidenced for the CAST|MspI monomorphism, but different from pesisir cattle MM (0,92) and MN (0,08) were the evidenced of polymorphism. Allele frequence of bali cattle, madura cattle, aceh cattle, and katingan cattle is 1,00, while allele frequence M and N of pesisir cattle are 0,96 and 0,04 respectively. The highest M allele frequency was found in the bali, madura, aceh, and katingan cattle population (1,00) and the lowest one was found in pesisir cattle (0,96). The heterozygosity value of bali cattle, madura cattle, aceh cattle, and katingan cattle is 0,00, while the heterozygosity value of pesisir cattle is 0,08. Based on the analysis, Indonesian cattle breeds (bali cattle, madura cattle, aceh cattle, and katingan cattle except pesisir cattle) are monomorphic in calpastatin gene.
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Calpastatin (CAST) pada Bangsa Sapi Pedaging dengan Teknik PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Gen calpastatin merupakan salah satu gen mempengaruhi keempukan daging dan memiliki fungsi sebagai penghambat protein sel otot. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen CAST pada bangsa sapi pedaging (bali, limousin, dan PO). Total sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 127 sampel, terdiri dari 48 sampel sapi bali, 19 sampel sapi limousin dan 60 sampel sapi PO. Sampel berasal dari darah masing-masing sapi. Teknik PCR-RFLP digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen CAST menggunakan enzim restriksi Cfr13I. Analisis data menggunakan frekuensi alel, frekuensi genotipe, dan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Fragmen yang dihasilkan dari amplifikasi gen CAST memiliki panjang 624 bp yang terletak pada intron 15 dengan suhu annealing 60 oC selama 10 detik. Hasil genotyping CAST|Cfr13I menunjukkan sapi bali memiliki alel polimorfik, frekuensi alel G (0.68) lebih tinggi dari alel A (0.32). Frekuensi alel G (1.00) pada sapi limousin dan PO. Keragaman gen CAST pada sapi limousin dan PO bersifat monomorfik dan pada populasi sapi bali bersifat polimorfik.
Keyword: gen calpastatin, keragaman, PCR-RFLP, sapi pedaging

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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