Judul: Pengembangan aplikasi data mining menggunakan fuzzy association rules
Abstrak: Banyaknya kegiatan yang dilakukan secara terkomputerisasi menyebabkan penyimpanan data menjadi semakin mudah. Namun data yang dibiarkan menumpuk tanpa dianalisis lebih dalam mengakibatkan data tersebut tidak mempunyai nilai guna lebih di masa mendatang. Persoalan tersebut merupakan salah satu persoalan yang dapat diatasi oleh data mining. Data mining merupakan proses ekstraksi informasi atau pola dalam basis data yang berukuran besar. Salah satu teknik dalam data mining yaitu association rule mining berguna untuk menyingkap keterkaitan antara suatu item data dengan item data lainnya yang digambarkan dengan aturan-aturan asosiasi. Konsep fuzzy yang diterapkan dalam association rule mining dapat lebih baik dalam menangani nilai numerik, karena himpunan fuzzy ”memperhalus” batasan yang tegas. Terlebih lagi dengan konsep fuzzy, aturan asosiasi yang ditemukan dapat lebih dipahami oleh manusia. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan suatu aplikasi data mining yang dapat menemukan aturan-aturan asosiasi pada data Potensi Desa (PODES) 2003 di pulau Jawa. Proses data mining dalam aplikasi yang dikembangkan pada penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma Fuzzy Quantitative Association Rules Mining yang secara garis besar dibagi menjadi tiga bagian, yaitu transformasi dari basis data awal ke dalam bentuk himpunan fuzzy menggunakan algoritma Fuzzy C-Means (FCM), pembentukan frequent itemset, dan pembentukan aturan asosiasi. Setelah dicobakan berbagai kombinasi nilai minimum fuzzy support (minsup) dan minimum fuzzy confidence (minconf) didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar aturan asosiasi memiliki nilai fuzzy confidence yang tinggi karena nilai fuzzy support gabungan antecedent dengan consequent-nya juga tinggi. Parameter yang paling mempengaruhi jumlah aturan asosiasi yang dihasilkan adalah nilai minsup. Dengan menggunakan kombinasi yang tertinggi dari seluruh kombinasi yang dicobakan dalam menemukan aturan asosiasi, yaitu nilai minsup sebesar 90% dan minconf 90%, dihasilkan 16 aturan asosiasi. Setelah dievaluasi menggunakan nilai lift 1.04 didapatkan 2 aturan asosiasi mengenai keterkaitan antara jumlah keluarga pengguna listrik PLN dan jumlah bangunan permanen. Di lain pihak, jika dievaluasi menggunakan nilai mincorr 0.8, didapatkan 5 aturan asosiasi mengenai keterkaitan antara jumlah pengangguran, jumlah murid SD yang DO, jumlah keluarga pengguna listrik PLN, dan jumlah bangunan permanen.
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Judul: Penggunaan Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System untuk Pembentukan Data Fuzzy dalam Association Rules Mining
Abstrak: Forest fires are susceptible happened in Indonesia. Some of the factors that influence their occurrences are weather and climate. Both of them will cause the increase or decrease of the number of hotspots. Previous studies have succeed to provide the relation between the fuzzy data of climatology and number of hotspots using Association Rules Mining (ARM) with membership functions for the attributes are determined by the expert. However, the results have some rules with low percentage of support and confidence and few rules are not in accordance with the expert knowledge. It could be caused by the membership functions provided by the experts are not optimal. In this study, the method used is Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System to generate membership functions that are used in the formation of data fuzzy. Then, the data is processed with association rules mining that produce rules with better support and confidence percentage than the previous work. It is also able to manage to create new rules that comply with the expert knowledge
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable