Judul: Bias Gender dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Isu sosial ketimpangan gender telah dipelajari secara ekstensif di berbagai disiplin ilmu (Minasyan et al, 2019). Perlu dicatat bahwa masuknya perempuan dalam angkatan kerja merupakan sumber daya yang dapat menjadi pendorong pembangunan suatu negara. Inilah kunci keberhasilan Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) dalam mencapai kesetaraan gender. Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Atacan et al (2020) menyebutkan bahwa peran perempuan dalam partisipasi angkatan kerja akan berdampak nyata terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Perempuan yang berpartisipasi dalam pasar kerja berpotensi meningkatkan pendapatan total rumah tangga sehingga mengurangi kemiskinan. Studi ini membahas hasil ekonomi dari kesetaraan gender dari beberapa perspektif, yang diwakili oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi. Literatur ini menyelidiki efek dari tiga aspek (pekerjaan, kesehatan, pendidikan) dari kesetaraan gender. Literatur tentang ekonomi feminis setuju bahwa kesetaraan gender sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan ekonomi (Braunstein et al, 2019).Secara khusus, perbaikan dalam kesetaraan gender dapat meningkatkan modal manusia melalui jalur yang berbeda, seperti kemampuan tenaga kerja, kemampuan dalam produktivitas, penurunan tingkat fertilitas, penurunan tingkat kematian anak, dan perbaikan dalam reproduksi sosial (Braunstein et al, 2019). Pada saat yang sama, peningkatan sumber daya manusia merupakan pendorong ekonomi yang penting (Zhu dan Li, 2017). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara bias gender dan variabel makro terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dan analisis kuadran untuk melihat kondisi bias gender dengan menggunakan indikator pendidikan, tenaga kerja, kesehatan, dan ekonomi serta regresi data panel untuk melihat pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 26 kabupaten/kota selama periode 2013- 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan Indeks Pembangunan Gender belum mampu mengurangi kesenjangan secara signifikan dalam pencapaian kemampuan dasar antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Kesenjangan masih terlihat tetap dan cenderung tidak berubah, masih terdapat bias pada sektor ketenagakerjaan, pendidikan, dan ekonomi. Hasil estimasi model, pengaruh bias pada sektor ketenagakerjaan, kesehatan, dan pendapatan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan, sedangkan variabel pertumbuhan penduduk, tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, dan investasi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Upaya serius diperlukan bagi pemerintah daerah Provinsi Jawa Barat agar seluruh komponen pembangunan, baik dari sektor ketenagakerjaan, pendidikan, maupun kesehatan, menjadi responsif gender. Misalnya peningkatan jurusan yang meningkatkan kreativitas bagi perempuan sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan kapasitas perempuan memasuki pasar kerja, adanya pelatihan teknologi dan keterampilan bagi perempuan.
Keyword: gender bias, health, education, economy, labor, IPG

Judul: Dampak Ketimpangan Gender terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Gender is a difference behaviours between men and women are not determined by biological differences, but by the socio-cultural environment, politics and economics. Gender inequality persists in all aspects of life in Indonesia, there are gaps between the achievement of the benefits of development on women and men related to basic human needs for jobs, education, and health. This is despite the fact there is a fairly rapid progress in gender equality today. The nature and extent of discrimination varies in different regions / provinces. According to the United Nations Development Programme (2010), there is no one else in the area of third world countries women have enjoyed equal rights in the legal, social and economic. Gender inequality in education among other things, employment, access to resources, economic power, and political participation. Women bear the heaviest burden due to inequality, but inequality is detrimental basically everyone and ultimately harm the economy of a country. Indonesia is one country that is experiencing a rapid development in reducing disparities in education between men and women that is characterized by the narrowing gap between men and women in educational attainment levels. However, the level of productivity and labor force participation of women is still low. The role of women in development needs to be considered in national and regional development policies. Because of the increased role of women has a significant impact in breaking the vicious circle of poverty. Improvement of human quality of education of women in particular is an important issue because it determines the quality of life for future generations. The objectives of this research are to analyze the gender inequality in Indonesia by using Gender Development Index (GDI), to analyze the effect of gender gaps in education and employment (proxied by using gender gap in mean years of schooling and labor force participation) on economic growth. This research uses panel data from 30 provinces during 2003-2012. Gender inequality index is represented by a proxy of ratio GDI to HDI. Descriptive analysis results show that there are gender inequality, there are still distances between Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Development Index (GDI). Econometric analysis with FEM (Fixed Effect Model) determines that there are positive and significant effect of education, female-male mean years of schooling, employment, female-male labor force participation, and gender inequality index on economic growth.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell