Judul: Analisis harga pangan dan zat gizi pada tingkat produsensampai konsumen di desa Cihideung Ilir kecamatan Ciampea kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: This study about the price of food and nutrients at the level of producer to consumers in The Cihideung Ilir Village Ciampea Bogor . Purpose of this study is to analyze the prices of food and nutrients at the level of consumers and producers, to analyze the trading system of channels and agencies. This study used survey method and data prosesed using Microsoft Excel. Food in this study such as rice, sweet corn, sweet potatoes, cassava, yam, cucumber, gold fish, tilapia fish, and pomfret fish. Result of these studies show that each food has a different channel trading system. Tract of rice trading system is from farmers – traders/middlemen – wholeseller – milling – retailers – consumers. Trading system of sweet corn, sweet potatoes, cassava, yam, cucumber, gold fish, and tilapia fish is farmers - traders/middlemen – wholeseller – small traders – retailers – consumers. Food prices from farmers to consumers having different ranges of each food. Rice prices at the consumer level reaches 2x the price level producers/farmers. Corn prices at the consumer level reached 3.7x at the farm level prices. Sweet potato prices at the consumer level reached 3.7x at the farm level prices. Prices of cassava at the level of consumer prices reached 6.6x at the farm level. Yam prices at the consumer level reached 2.1x at the farm level prices. Cucumber prices at the consumer level reached 4.6x at the farm level prices. Price gold fish at the level of consumer prices reached 1.3x at the level of farmers. Tilapia fish prices at the level of consumer prices reached 1.7x at the farmers level. Pomfret fish prices at the level of consumer prices reached 1.7x at farmers level.
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Judul: Sistem Pemasaran dan Nilai Tambah Produk Olahan Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas, L.) di Desa Cikarawang dan Desa Petir, Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Sweet potato is a source of carbohydrat and protein, relatively inexpensive for consumption. The farmers had high dependency to the middleman, the lack of market access and price information in farmer’s level lead the bargaining position of the farmers low, and the activity of sweet potatoes processing. Therefore, the research is conducted to determine the marketing systems and value-added of processed sweet potato product. The objective of this research is to analyze the agency and functions of marketing, marketing channel, market structure and market behavior; to analyze marketing margin, farmer’s share, and the ratio of benefits to costs; to calculate value-added of dumpling, flour, and cracker. Data collection was held by observation and interviews to the farmers and entrepreneurs of processed sweet potato products in the Cikarawang village and Petir village by purposive sampling method, whereas for the marketing agency data collection was held by following the flow of information from the previous marketing agency and purposive sampling. The results are shown that the third channel was relatively efficient to distribute grade A and B sweet potato, while the first channel was relatively efficient to distribute grade C sweet potato. The results of value added analysis of processed sweet potato products have shown that the value added ratio and profit level of dumpling was the highest than other processed sweet potato products.
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik