Judul: Komposisi asam lemak dan kandungan lemak pelvis serta kandungan kholesterol energi daging pada sapi peranakan brahman dan kerbau dengan sumber energi ransum yang berbeda
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari komposisi asam lemak dan kandungan kholesterol lemak pelvis serta kandungan energi daging sapi dan kerbau dengan sumber energi ransum yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan 14 ekor sapi jantan Persilangan Brahman dan 14 ekor kerbau rawa jantan (Bubalus bubalis) dengan umur berkisar antara satu sampai dua tahun. Kedua spesies hewan berasal dari PT. Bina Mulya Ternak, Sulawesi Selatan.
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Judul: Kandungan asam lemak, kholesterol dan energi daging sapi bali, peranakan ongole dan kerbau pada berbagai tingkat umur
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kandungan asam lemak, kholesterol dan energi daging sapi Bali, Peranakan Ongole dan kerbau pada berbagai tingkat umur. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 36 ekor ternak yang terdiri dari sapi Bali, Peranakan Ongole dan kerbau yang masing-masing dikelompokkan pada tingkat umur I, 12. I dan L. Sampel daging diambil dari otot longissimus dorsi potongan rusuk 5-6 dari setengah karkas bagian kiri. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 3x4, yaitu 3 taraf faktor jenis ternak (sapi Bali, Peranakan Ongole dan kerbau) dan 4 taraf faktor umur (11, 12, 13 dan 14). Data dianalisa dengan prosedur General Linear Model, sedangkan perbedaan rataan pengaruh perlakuan utama dan interaksinya diuji berdasarkan metoda nilai-tengah kuadrat terkecil (SAS, 1985). Kandungan asam lemak daging yang dapat dianalisa adalah asam lemak palmitat (C16:0), stearat (C18:0), oleat (C18:1), linoleat (C18:2) dan linolenat (C18:3). Proporsi kandungan asam lemak daging terbesar adalah asam lemak palmitat, stearat dan oleat, sedangkan proporsi asam lemak linoleat dan linolenat daging rendah. Pada umuraye kandungan asam lemak daging dari ketiga jenis ternak tidak berbeda, kecuali asan lemak stearat dan asam lemak oleat tingkat umur 13. Kandungan asam lemak stearat daging kerbau nyata lebih tinggi dari daging sapi Bali dan Peranakan Ongole (p < 0.05) , dimana kandungan asam lemak stearat daging sapi PO terendah.. Kandungan kholesterol daging secara nyata (P < 0.05) dipengaruhi interaksi, bangsa dan umur ternak. Perbedaan kandungan kholesterol daging yang paling jelas dari ketiga jenis ternak adalah kandungan kholesterol daging pada L, yaitu kholesterol daging kerbai nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan sapi Bali dan Peranakan Ongole. Kandungan kholesterol daging sapi Peranakan Ongole nyata paling rendah (P < 0.05) Pengaruh interaksi terhadap kandungan energi daging tidak nyata, kandungan energi daging kerbau nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan daging sapi Peranakan Ongole (P < 0.05) , tetapi tidak nyata dibandingkan daging sapi Bali. Kandungan asam lemak, kholesterol dan energi daging kerbau lebih mendekati daging sapi Bali dibandingkan daging sapi Peranakan Ongole.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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