Judul: Siklus hidup dan perilaku parasitoid Brachymeria sp (Hymenoptera : Chalcididae) pada inang Erionota thrax L. (Lepidoptera : Hespenidae)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Sam Ratulangi Manado, bertujuan untuk mempelajari siklus hidup dan perilaku parasitoid Brachymeria sp. pada inang E- thrax sebagai hama penggulung daun pisang. Hasil pendeterminasian spesies parasitoid berdasarkan ciri-ciri morfalogi serangga jantan dan betina dewasa, kunci identifikasi spesies menunjukkan sebagai Brachymeria obscurata (WALKER). Siklus hidup parasitoid pada inang pupa E- thrax di Laboratorium Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Manado menunjukkan bahwa sejak telur diletakkan sampai menjadi imago dan mati adalah rata-rata 22,60 hari. Telur bertipe hymenopteriform. Di dalam tubuh inang telur mengalami perkembangan ukuran baik panjang maupun. lebar. Sejak hari pertama (0 - 12 jam) telur diletakkan, ukuran panjang rata-rata 0,89 mm dan lebar 0,14 mm. menjelang menetas, panjang telur telah mencapai Setelah rata-rata 1,67 mm dan lebar 0,29 mm. Stadia telur rata-rata 2,7 hari. ...
Keyword: 

Judul: Biologi Parasitoid Brachymeria lasus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) pada Ulat Penggulung Daun Pisang Erionota thrax Linnaeus (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae)
Abstrak: This research was conducted to study some biological aspects of parasitoid, Brachymeria lasus , such as the life cycle, morphology , and the behavior. Research was carried out in The Laboratory of Parasitoid and Predator Biology, Department of Plant Protection, Bogor Agricultural University. Pupae of Erionota thrax parasitized by B. lasus were collected from the field and then were maintained in plastic containers until the emergence of parasitoid adults. Mated females of B. lasus were kept in a test tube (20 cm long, 3 cm in diameter), and then were provided with 1-day-old pupae of E. thrax to be parasitized. Parasitized pupae of E. thrax then were moved to another test tube and were used for observation of the parasitoid biology. The morphological features of the parasitoid larvae and pupae were observed by dissecting parasitized pupae every day starting on the second day after parasitization. To observe the life cycle of the parasitoid, parasitized pupae of E. thrax were maintained in test tubes until the eclosion of parasitoid adults. In general, adults of B. lasus (females and males) were black in color with the body size was less than 6 mm, and were characterized with the large femur of the hind legs. B. lasus have hymenopteriform eggs, hymenopteriform larvae, and exarate type pupae. The life cycle of B. lasus ranged 13-14 days. Adults of B. lasus mostly emerged in the morning within 07:00 - 11:00 hours
Keyword: 

Judul: The effect of oil source combination to the quality of transparent soap
Abstrak: The oil selection as the fatty acid source will determine the transparent soap characteristic because each fatty acid type will gift the different soap characteristic. The use of oil combinations in one formula on the transparent soap made because the characteristic of the oil is not owned by itself but substitute by other oils. Moreover, the probability of the undesirable characteristics on the soap can be reduce until the minimum level to increase the quality of transparent soap. This research is to determine the effect of using the oil combinations on the certain composition, through the transparent soap quality product, to determine the panelist respond through the transparent soap product, to reach the best formula in transparent soap making by using more than one oil combination in one soap formula. The oil that used is coconut oil, RBDPO (refined bleached deodorized palm oil) and castor oil. The diverse analysis shows the different result significantly. The organoleptic test that has been done is to determine the panelist respond through the transparent soap product. Based on the chemicalphysic characteristic and organoleptic test, the best formulas are the transparent soap made from coconut oil and RDBPO with the comparison of 15:5. The sopa characteristic that being made are: water content and evaporate substance (12.13%), fatty acid content (33.41%), unsaponifiable fraction content (1.66%), insolulable in alcohol content alcohol (0.75%), free alkali content as NaOH (0.21%), pH (10.57), hardness (2.10 mm/second), emulsion stability (82.64%), foam stability (33.64%), and cleaning power (285.50 ftu turbidity).
Keyword: