Judul: Pemanfaatan Limbah Ampas Tebu untuk Produksi Enzim Selulase dan Amiloglukosidase dari Aspergillus niger L51/NRRL A-11,264
Abstrak: Perlakuan delignifikasi hanya mernpercepat laju peruraian substrat dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim pada tahap- tahap awal, sedangkan pada tahap-tahap selanjutnya medium tanpa perlakuan delignifikasi mampu menghasilkan enzim dengan aktivitas lebih baik.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi Untuk produksi Enzim Selulase Dari Aspegillus Niger L51/NRRL A-11, 246
Abstrak: Aspergillus niger L51/NRRL A-11,264 ditumbuhkan pada medium jerami padi selama waktu inkubasi tertentu, kemudian dilakukan ekstraksi protein enzim yang dihasilkannya. Pengu- jian dilakukan terhadap aktivitas CMC-ase dan beta-glukosi- dase. Perlakuan delignifikasi dengan larutan NaOH 4 persen, penambahan pepton 1.75 persen, laktosa 0.5 persen dan tween 80 sebesar 0.2 persen ternyata mampu meningkatan aktivitas enzim selulase yang dihasilkan. Unit aktivitas beta-glukosidase tertinggi yang dihasil- kan adalah 4.4780 unit/ml filtrat biakan yang diperoleh dari fermentasi medium padat dan 0.7262 unit/ml filtrat biakan yang diperoleh dari fermentasi medium cair yang diberi perla- kuan delignifikasi, penambahan pepton 1.75 persen dan laktosa 0.5 persen serta tween 80 sebesar 0.2 persen, yang dicapai pada waktu inkubasi sembilan hari. Unit aktivitas CMC-ase tertinggi yang dihasilkan adalah 2.4743 unit/ml filtrat biakan yang diperoleh dari fermentasi medium padat dan 0.4256 unit/ml filtrat biakan yang diper- oleh dari fermentasi medium cair, yang dicapai pada waktu inkubasi enam hari dengan perlakuan yang sama seperti di atas. Aktivitas spesifik beta-glukosidase yang dihasilkan pada penelitian ini adalah 1.5313 unit/mg protein yang diperoleh dari fermentasi medium padat dan 1.3431 unit/mg protein yang diperoleh dari fermentasi medium cair. Sedangkan aktivitas spesifik CMC-ase adalah 1.017 unit/mg protein pada fermentasi medium padat dan 0.6307 unit/mg protein pada fermentasi medium cair. Aktivitas spesifik beta-glukosidase dan CMC-ase yang di- hasilkan pada penelitian ini ternyata lebih baik dari aktivi- tas spesifik enzim NOVO (Celluclast 150 L), yaitu masing- masing 0.0277 unit/mg protein dan 0.3165 unit/mg protein….
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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