Judul: Infestation of Fly (Diptera: Cyclorrapha) Ectoparasite on Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) in Ragunan Wildlife Park, South Jakarta
Abstrak: Kerbau (Bubalus bubalis) merupakan ternak ruminansia besar yang penting bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Ektoparasit lalat menjadi salah satu penyebab masalah kesehatan pada kerbau selain mengganggu kenyamanan hidup ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah infestasi ektoparasit lalat dan faktor-faktor aktivitas inang (host) berupa waktu aktivitas, berteduh, dan berkubang yang berhubungan dengan jumlah infestasi ektoparasit lalat pada kerbau. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tiga ekor kerbau jantan pada tiga waktu aktivitas, yaitu pagi (06.00-07.00 WIB), siang (11.00-12.00 WIB), dan sore hari (16.00-17.00 WIB), dan di saat yang bersamaan diamati juga apakah kerbau sedang berteduh atau berkubang. Pengamatan ektoparasit lalat pada kerbau dilakukan setiap hari, selama 14 hari, secara eye-catching dengan menggunakan alat bantu teropong. Penghitungan ektoparasit lalat pada masing- masing waktu dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali (ulangan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infestasi lalat pada kerbau didominasi oleh lalat Muscidae sebanyak 92,4% dan sisanya lalat Calliphoridae sebanyak 7,6%. Tingkat infestasi ektoparasit lalat lebih tinggi pada aktivitas di siang hari (47,5%) dibandingkan pada pada (32,2%) dan sore hari (20,3%). Sementara itu, aktivitas berteduh dan berkubang dapat mengurangi jumlah infestasi ektoparasit lalat pada kerbau., Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a large ruminant livestock that is important to the people of Indonesia. Fly ectoparasites are one of the causes of health problems in buffalo besides that can interfere with the comfort of livestock life. This study aimed to determine the number of fly ectoparasite infestation in buffalo and the association of host activities with the infestation. Three male buffaloes in Ragunan Wildlife Park, South Jakarta were observed in three activity times, namely in the morning (06.00-07.00 WIB), in the afternoon (11.00-12.00 WIB), and in the evening (16.00-17.00 WIB); and at the same time, it was also observed whether the buffalo was taking shelter or wallowing. The infestation of fly ectoparasites in buffalo was observed everyday during 14 days in an eye-catching manner using binoculars. The number of fly ectoparasites was counted three times of each time (as repeatation). The results showed that flies in buffalo was dominated by Muscidae flies (92,4%) and the other was Calliphoridae flies (7,6%). The rate of fly ectoparasite infestation was higher during the afternoon activity (47,5%) compared to the morning (32.2%) and the evening (20,3%) activities. Meanwhile, shelter and wallowing activities could reduce the number of fly ectoparasite infestations in buffalo.
Keyword: buffalo, Calliphoridae, ectoparasite flies, Muscidae

Judul: The Fly Infestation (Diptera:  Cyclorrapha) on Javanese bull (Bos javanicus) in Ragunan Zoo South Jakarta
Abstrak: The information about ectoparasites on Javanese bull is still limited. This study aims to determine the family and level of infestation of flies in java bulls. The data was obtained by observing the morphology of flies that reached the bull's body and then calculated the number in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The data were analyzed in descriptive analysis. The level of fly infestation was divided into 3 namely low (between 1 and 9 flies), medium (between 10 and 18 flies), and hight (more than 18 flies) based on the average of fly populations. The result of this observation were 2 families of flies namely Muscidae and Calliphoridae. The infestation levels of Muscidae on both bulls were low, medium, and hight meanwhile the infestation of Calliphoridae was low. The enrichment areas are likely to affect fly infestations. Flies that land on bulls irritate the bulls as it perches around the nose and around the eyes, which cause the bulls to restless time, The information about ectoparasites on Javanese bull is still limited. This study aims to determine the family and level of infestation of flies in java bulls. The data was obtained by observing the morphology of flies that reached the bull's body and then calculated the number in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The data were analyzed in descriptive analysis. The level of fly infestation was divided into 3 namely low (between 1 and 9 flies), medium (between 10 and 18 flies), and hight (more than 18 flies) based on the average of fly populations. The result of this observation were 2 families of flies namely Muscidae and Calliphoridae. The infestation levels of Muscidae on both bulls were low, medium, and hight meanwhile the infestation of Calliphoridae was low. The enrichment areas are likely to affect fly infestations. Flies that land on bulls irritate the bulls as it perches around the nose and around the eyes, which cause the bulls to restless time.
Keyword: javanese bull, Bos javanicus, calliphoridae, muscidae

Judul: Peran Surfaktan Setiltrimetilamonium Bromida dan Natrium Dodesil Sulfat pada Sintesis ZnO dengan Metode Hidrotermal
Abstrak: Zno crystal is the main preference material in various applications recently, such as in semiconductors, ultraviolet lasers, and catalysts. This study aims to synthesize ZnO with addition of surfactant. ZnO crystals were synthesized by reacting ZnSO4, KOH, and surfactants using hydrothermal method. The first step was to determine the best ratio of ZnSO4: KOH (1:2; 1:3; 1:4, and 1:5) based on X-ray diffraction. The second step was to evaluate the role of surfactan cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the synthesis of ZnO crystals. The result of this study showed the best ratio of ZnSO4:KOH was 1:3, based on the least of impurities and the highest degree of crystallinity (85.64%). The addition of surfactant CTAB and SDS in the synthesis of ZnO increased the degree of crystallinity, which were 98.28% and 92.17%, respectively. Based on mathematical calculation using Scherrer equation, the crystal size without surfactant was 32 nm, whereas with CTAB and SDS the crystallited size were 28 nm and 29 nm, respectively. The degree of crystallinity and crystal size indicated that CTAB surfactant produce ZnO crystals with the best characteristics as compared to SDS surfactant or without surfactant.
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