Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell

Judul: Synthesis and Characterization of Bulk- Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cell Components Based on P3OT:PbS QDs
Abstrak: Energi fosil memiliki ketersediaan terbatas, disisi lain kebutuhan energi semakin meningkat. Hal ini menjadi alasan untuk mengembangkan energi alternatif yang bisa menggantikan energi fosil. Kandidat kuat dalam penyediaan energi alternatif adalah energi surya. Energi surya diubah menjadi energi listrik melalui proses efek fotovoltaik. Penelitian ini menyintesis dan karakterisasi komponen sel surya hibrid berbasis poly(3-octyltiophene) (organik) dan lead sulfide quantum dots (anorganik). Metode spin coating dipilih dalam pembuatan lapisan komponen sel surya karena beberapa kelebihannya. Penggunaan metode spin coating memiliki kelebihan diantaranya kontrol komponen kimia yang mudah, biaya operasi yang rendah, dan proses yang cepat. Hasil penelitian berupa data XRD dan properti optik. Berdasarkan data properti optik penambahan material organik dapat menggeser puncak serapan ke arah panjang gelombang lebih besar. Penambahan material organik juga memperlebar rentang serapan sel surya. Penelitian ini menandai langkah penting dalam upaya meningkatkan efisiensi dan ketersediaan teknologi sel surya dalam mendukung transisi menuju energi terbarukan yang lebih berkelanjutan., Fossil energy has limited availability, on the other hand, energy demand is increasing. This is a reason to develop alternative energy that can replace fossil energy. A strong candidate for providing alternative energy is solar energy. Solar energy is converted into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect process. This research synthesizes and characterizes hybrid solar cell components based on poly(3-octylthiophene) (organic) and lead sulfide quantum dots (inorganic). The spin coating method was chosen to manufacture layers of solar cell components because of its several advantages. Using the spin coating method has advantages including easy control of chemical components, low operating costs, and a fast process. The research results are in the form of XRD data and optical properties. Based on optical property data, the addition of organic material can shift the absorption peak towards a larger wavelength. The addition of organic materials also widens the absorption range of solar cells. This research marks an important step in efforts to increase the efficiency and availability of solar cell technology to support the transition to more sustainable renewable energy.
Keyword: Bulk-Heterojunction, P3OT, PbS QDs, Hybrid Solar Cells, ZnO

Judul: Prolapsus vagina kronis, kausa dan teknik reposisinya
Abstrak: Prolapsus vagina kronis merupakan penyembulan bagian belakang hewan, khususnya lantai vagina melalui vulva, diikuti dengan perpindahan serviks dan uterus ke belakang. Pada sapi kejadian prolapsus vagina sering pada masa 2-3 bulan akhir kebuntingan, sedangkan pada domba dan hewan sejenisnya terjadi beberapa minggu sebelum melahirkan. Kasus prolapsus vagina kadang-kadang dapat terjadi setelah melahirkan, dan jarang terjadi tanpa ada hubungannya dengan kebuntingan atau kelahiran. Penyebab prolapsus vagina kronis belum dapat dipastikan, beberapa faktor umumnya ambil bagian. Faktor uta- ma adalah tingginya kadar hormon estrogen pada akhir kebuntingan. Faktor mekanis dengan meningkatnya tekanan intra abdominal dan gaya berat dari fetus dalam kandungan. Beberapa faktor predisposisi yang dapat menunjang terjadinya prolapsus vagina adalah: perlukaan saluran kelahiran, kelahiran yang rapat, makanan yang kurang baik, terbatasnya pergerakan, faktor lingkungan dan hereditas. Prolapsus vagina kronis umumnya hampir terjadi pada semua hewan piara, lebih sering pada sapi dan domba. Pada sapi sering terjadi pada sapi potong jenis Hereford ...
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