Judul: Identifikasi Fenomena ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) DAN IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) terhadap Dinamika Waktu Tanam Padi di Daerah Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Indramayu dan Cianjur)
Abstrak: Adjusting agricultural activities to the climate characteristics d IOD using satellite images. The relation of rainfall and regional climate were analyzed by correlation at each rainfall station. Satellite images analysis was done for monitoring, and last the onset delineation related to ENSO and IOD were done to determine which regions that more sensitive to thwas one of an alternative way to minimize climate risk in agriculture. Indonesian climate was affected by ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). In El Nino year, the dry season would be earlier and longer than Normal year. Research objectives were to: (1) Analyze the effect of ENSO and IOD to the West Java rainfall, (2) Analyze the sensitivity and dynamical period of rice planting based on planting calendar; (3) Identify planting period and planting area that were influenced by ENSO ane climate anomaly. Result showed that, Indramayu was more vulnerable to regional climate anomaly than Cianjur especially by ENSO. In Indramayu, the IOD and ENSO anomaly affected in JJA and SON period where the correlations between ENSO and rainfall stations values in JJA was 46,00 % and became greater in SON. Most area in Indramayu were moderately affected by ENSO at the values of 61,30 % in JJA and strongly affected in SON at the values of 49,28 % and moderately affected by IOD at the values of 58,73 %. Contrary, in Cianjur was more affected by IOD. IOD effects occurred in JJA and SON, with the area that was influenced by IOD were 57,26 % and 58,91 % respectively. These indicated that there were shifting period of rice planting in Indramayu and Cianjur for 40 – 60 days and 10-20 days from onset respectively. Based on image monitoring in 1997 as the ENSO and IOD year, it was known that in 1997, 2.26 % of rice planting area were failed to be harvested . In 2001 there was decrement of 45,14 % of rice planting area for the period of July – September which indicated that there were harvested area in Indramayu. While in Cianjur there wasn’t any harvested area in June and July1997, and in 2001 there were harvested about 41,85 % in June - August. This result was appropriate with NDVI values that also indicated the decrement of harvested area in ENSO and IOD years.
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Judul: Determination of The Rice Cropping Calendar based on ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) phenomena in Monsoon and Equatorial Regions.
Abstrak: Increasing fluctuation and more frequent climate anomaly in the last decade due to ENSO and IOD phenomena has severe implications on food crops. Therefore, a sound planting season adaptation strategy is needed in the efforts to enhance sustainable food security. Research has been conducted in West Java (Monsoon rainfall pattern) and West Sumatera (Equatorial rainfall pattern)province. Analysis of the correlation between ENSO and the IOD with rainfall has been carried out to find the relationship between ENSO and the IOD with rainfall in the period from December to February, March to May, June to August, and September to November. Water Satisfaction Index and irrigation rice-field water balance was used to obtain optimal planting time. Artificial Neural Network was used to rainfall prediction for improvement of cropping pattern planning. Interviews with farmers to study the adaptation measures of farmers against the impact of drought. The spatial distribution of partial correlations between rainfalls with ENSO and IOD over West Sumatera and West Java indicated a significant impact on rainfall anomalies along the period of September – November. The ENSO and IOD events had a wider impact in West Java, which was known as a monsoon rainfall pattern especially over northern part of West Java. On the other hand, there was only a little impact of the ENSO and IOD on rainfall anomalies in the south-western West Sumatera. In the period of June-November the impact to rice- field in West Sumatera was only about 20% while, the impact in West Java could reach up to 80%. In the region affected by strong ENSO and IOD like Indramayu, impact of ENSO and IOD has delayed the peak of early planting by more than 6 dekads. The peak of early planting occurred in November III/ December I could reach up 30% due to ENSO and 35% due to IOD. The period-stratified ENSO variability had delayed planting time by 2 to 5 dekads in monsoon rainfall pattern (West Java) and 1 dekads in equatorial pattern (West Sumatera). Meanwhile, the period-stratified IOD variability in West Sumatera and West Java had delayed planting time by 1 to 2 dekads. Result of the prediction showed that the period of September 2010 to February 2011 was above normal. Wet conditions resulted in the potential of planting time 1 dekads earlier on rain-fed land and 2 dekads earlier on irrigated land than in normal conditions. Adaptation by farmers to climate anomalies was more apparent in a monsoon rainfall pattern area with various efforts in the utilization of water resources, i.e. pumping technology, the adjustment of planting time by 2-3 dekads and changing crop rotation from paddy-paddy-palawija into paddy-palawija.
Keyword: Curah Hujan

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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