Judul: Morphofunction changes of gonadal and mandibular glands of the cave swiflets (Collocalia linchi) during nesting and reproductive period
Abstrak: The present study aimed to study the morphological and histochemical changes and possible correlation between the gonads and mandibular glands of the cave swiflets (Collocalia linchi) during reproductive and nesting period. A total of seventy two adult birds were used in this study. The birds, three males and three females, were collected each month during a period of one year. After being sacrificed, samples of gonads and mandibular salivary glands were taken out and processed routinely for light microscopy. The present result showed that the gonads were active during the period of February - June. In the testis, the size of the testicle were similar throughout the year, but the testis had different color according to month. The testis in June - January were black in color, and were white and black in February, March, May and were all white in April. The size and structure of the ovaries were also increase towards February - May. Therefore the period of February - June was regarded as reproductive period of the cave swiftlet. The size and structure of mandibular glands were also clearly increased and the glands were more active during the nesting and reproductive period. Histochemically, the bindings of some lectins in the gonad and mandibular glands were also increase in the number of reactive cells and in the intensities of the positive reactions during the nesting and reproductive period, suggested that certain carbohydrates were involved and may play important roles in the reproductive function of the cave swiftlet. The present result showed that there were clear signs on the functional and structural changes of the gonads and mandibular glands of the cave swiftlets during the active nesting and reproductive period, suggested a possible regulatory mechanism of the mandibular gland through gonadal hormones pathway.
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Judul: Morfologi Organ Reproduksi Betina Walet Linchi (Collocalia linchi)
Abstrak: This research is aimed to describe the morphology of the female reproductive organs of the cave swiftlets (C. linchi ) macroscopic and microscopically. Four female reproduction organs were used in this study. Microscopic observation was done using Hematoxilin – eosin (HE), alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining methods. The reproductive organs were consisted of ovarium and oviduct. The oviduct has five parts: infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. The mucosa of oviduct has mucosal folds and lined with columnar ciliated epithelial cells. Glandular glands were found in the lamina propria of oviduct, except in the vagina. The thick muscle of sphincter uterovagina was found in the border between uterus and vagina. Using AB-PAS staining methods, it was detected that oviduct contained neutral and acid carbohydrate, especially in the secrete glands of oviduct.
Keyword: oviduct., ovarium, Collocalia linchi

Judul: Estimasi nilai pajak emisi kendaraan umum berbahan bakar bensin di Jakarta
Abstrak: Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan tingkat polusi udara tertinggi di Indonesia. Transportasi merupakan penyumbang utama polusi udara di DKI Jakarta, yaitu sebesar 70%. Sumbangan sektor transportasi ini terutama berasal dari kendaraan berbahan bakar bensin, salah satunya adalah kendaraan umum. Pencemaran tersebut menimbulkan kerugian masyarakat, diantaranya kerugian dari segi kesehatan. Guna mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi, salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah ialah dengan menetapkan pajak emisi kendaraan berdasarkan tingkat kerugian kesehatan masyarakat. Mengacu pada hal tersebut, dilakukan sebuah estimasi kerugian masyarakat akibat emisi kendaraan umum berbahan bakar bensin berdasarkan biaya kesehatan yang totalnya mencapai Rp 4.053.041.102.763,- per tahun. Dari biaya kesehatan tersebut selanjutnya dapat dihitung perkiraan tarif pajak emisi untuk kendaraan umum yang terdiri dari kendaraan angkot sebesar Rp 3.769.733,- per kendaraan per tahun dan taksi sebesar Rp 3.770.528,- per kendaraan per tahun. Mayoritas responden masyarakat DKI Jakarta menyatakan sangat setuju bahwasanya peningkatan jumlah kendaraan umum dapat memperparah kondisi udara yang tercemar. Hal ini juga diperkuat dengan pernyataan keyperson yang menyatakan bahwa adanya pencemaran udara di Jakarta tersebut memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, baik masyarakat maupun keyperson menyatakan setuju jika pajak emisi dijadikan solusi dalam mengurangi pencemaran udara.
Keyword: Air pollution, cost of illness, emission tax rates, gasoline, public transportation emissions