Judul: Analisis Sifat Kristal Dan Sifat Optik Pada Keramik SrTiO3 Didadah RuO2
Abstrak: Sintesis keramik Stronsium Titanat (SrTiO3) didadah Rutenium Oksida (RuO2) metode reaksi padatan (solid state) telah berhasil dilakukan. Keramik di annealing dengan suhu 850C. Karakterisasi keramik Stronsium Titanat (SrTiO3) didadah Rutenium Oksida (RuO2) dengan variasi konsentrasi pendadah (0%; 0,5%; 1%) dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi pendadah Rutenium Oksida (RuO2) terhadap sifat kristal dan sifat optik pada keramik Stronsium Titanat (SrTiO3). Struktur kristal keramik berbentuk kubus dengan ukuran parameter kisi a=b=c berturut-turut senilai 3,905 Å; 3,905 Å; dan 3,903 Å. Sifat optik keramik ditunjukkan dengan optik longitudinal dan transversal yang berada pada bilangan gelombang 261-937 cm-1 dan nilai energi celah pita sebesar 3,48 eV-3,56 eV., The synthesis of Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) ceramic doped with Ruthenium Oxide (RuO2) using the solid-state reaction method has been successfully conducted. The ceramics were annealed at a temperature of 850°C. Characterization of Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) ceramic doped with Ruthenium Oxide (RuO2) with varying dopant concentrations (0%; 0.5%; 1%) was performed to understand the influence of Ruthenium Oxide (RuO2) dopant concentration on the crystal properties and optical properties of Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) ceramics. The ceramic's crystal structure is cubic with lattice parameter sizes of a=b=c, respectively, measuring 3.905 Å; 3.905 Å; and 3.903 Å. The optical properties of the ceramic are indicated by longitudinal and transverse optics in the wavenumber range of 261-937 cm-1 and a bandgap energy value ranging from 3.48 eV to 3.56 eV.
Keyword: ceramic, crystal properties, optical properties

Judul: Characterization of the crystal structure and optics of  BaTiO3 thin film in Ruthenium powder
Abstrak: Sintesis dan karakterisasi film tipis BaTiO3 dengan variasi konsentrasi pendadah Rutenium 0%; 0,5%; dan 1% telah berhasil dilakukan menggunakan metode Chemical Solution Deposition. Film BaTiO3 yang dibuat dalam konsentrasi 2M ditumbuhkan dengan teknik spin coating dalam lima kali pelapisan dengan kecepatan putar 3000 rpm selama 30 detik dan melalui proses annealing selama 8 jam pada suhu 850°C. Film tipis BaTiO3 dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, UV-Vis dan FTIR untuk menganalisis struktur kristal dan sifat optik sampel. Hasil karakterisasi XRD dengan metode Cramer- cohen dan software MAUD menunjukkan bahwa parameter kisi semakin berkurang dan struktur kristal tetap berbentuk tetragonal. Karakterisasi spektrofotometer UV-Vis menunjukan peningkatan nilai reflektansi pada rentang panjang gelombang 380 - 600 nm dengan peningkatan nilai energi bandgap dari analisis Kubelka-Munk untuk direct bandgap sebesar 2,41 eV, 3,37 eV dan 3,42 eV. Kemudian karakterisasi spektroskopi FTIR mengadopsi relasi Kramers-Kronig diperoleh indeks bias (n), koefisien extinction (k) dan parameter dielektrik bagian real (ε1) juga bagian imajiner (ε2) pada bilangan gelombang dengan penambahan pendadah Rutenium memperkecil medan listrik dan menyebabkan penurunan nilai moda optik TO dan LO yang memengaruhi konstanta optik sampel., Synthesis and characterization of BaTiO3 thin films with various concentrations of 0%; 0,5%; and 1% ruthenium scavenger has been successfully carried out using the Chemical Solution Deposition method. The BaTiO3 film prepared in a concentration of 2M was grown using the spin coating technique in five layers with a rotational speed of 3000 rpm for 30 seconds and annealed for 8 hours at 850°C. BaTiO3 thin films were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis and FTIR to analyze the crystal structure and optical properties of the samples. The results of the XRD characterization using the Cramer- Cohen method and MAUD software show that the lattice parameters decrease and the crystal structure remains tetragonal. Characterization of the UV-Vis spectrophotometer shows an increase in reflectance values in the wavelength range of 380-600 nm with an increase in the bandgap energy value from the Kubelka-Munk analysis for direct bandgap of 2,41 eV, 3,37 eV and 3,42 eV. Then the FTIR spectroscopic characterization adopts the Kramers-Kronig relation obtained refractive index (n), extinction coefficient (k) and the dielectric parameters of the real part (ε1) as well as imaginary part (ε2) in wave numbers with the addition of ruthenium divider reduce the electric field and causes a decrease in moda value optical TO and LO which affect the optical constant of the sample.
Keyword: BaTiO3, bilangan gelombang, CSD, energi bandgap, parameter kisi, bandgap energy, lattice parameters, wavenumber

Judul: Infection Of Babesia Bigemina In Cattle And Methods Of Control
Abstrak: Babesia bigemina is the species which occurs mostly through out the tropics and subtropical areas. It gains access to the susceptible cattle through the bite of an· ig fected tick and penetrates an erythrocyte. The pathogenesis of B. bigemina is considered to be as highly pathogenic and may cause heavy mortality in susceptible stock. Infecied cattle rapidly become dull and listless and lose their appetite, the erythrocytes are destroyed resulting anaemia, icterus, emaciation, weakness, and a drop in milk production. Death and loss of productivity due to B. bigemina account for the economic loss.
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