Judul: Kaji Ulang Drainase Perkotaan di Bojong Kulur Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Perubahan tata guna lahan yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan kota dan perkembangan sektor pembangunan menimbulkan dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap luas tutupan lahan dan peningkatan debit limpasan (runoff) ketika hujan, salah satunya berupa semakin berkurangnya daerah peresapan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji ulang saluran drainase berdasarkan hasil analisis pola aliran, daerah tangkapan air (DTA), curah hujan rencana, debit limpasan, debit rencana saluran, dimensi saluran lapang dan dimensi saluran kolektor. Hasil analisis dengan metode rasional debit limpasan daerah penelitian untuk saluran lapang berkisar antara 0.01 m3/detik sampai 0.63 m3/detik sedangkan untuk saluran kolektor 2.40 m3/detik sampai 4.30 m3/detik. Debit rencana yang digunakan bernilai sama dengan debit limpasan dikarenakan tidak ada sumber aliran lainnya pada lokasi penelitian. Evaluasi dimensi saluran lapang terbangun, menghasilkan beberapa ruas saluran yang tidak memadai sehingga perlu dilakukan tindakan seperti pengerukan sedimen dan pembaharuan dimensi. Saluran kolektor di desain dengan penampang persegi empat dengan lapisan beton dimana (b) adalah lebar dasar saluran dan (h) adalah kedalaman saluran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dimensi saluran kolektor, didapatkan nilai lebar dasar saluran sebesar 1.55 – 2.07 m dan kedalaman saluran sebesar 1.75 – 2.27 m. Perbedaan tinggi muka air antara saluran lapang dengan saluran kolektor, berdampak pada dibutuhkannya bangunan terjun (drop chute) pada outlet saluran lateral., Changes in land use caused by urban changes and developments in the development sector have had a significant impact on the area of land cover and an increase in runoff when it rains, one of which is in the form of reduced water infiltration areas. This study aims to review drainage channels based on the analysis of flow patterns, water catchment areas, planned rainfall, runoff discharge, design discharge, field channel dimensions and collector channel dimensions. The results of runoff discharge analysis using the rational method in the study area for lateral channels ranged from 0.01 m3 / s to 0.63 m3 / s while for collector channels from 2.40 m3 / s to 4.30 m3 / s. The design discharge used is the same as the runoff discharge because there are no other flow sources at the research location. Evaluation of the dimensions of the lateral channel resulted in several inadequate channel segments so that actions such as dredging of sediment and renewal of dimensions are required. The collector channel is designed with a rectangular section with a layer of concrete where (b) is the base width of the channel and (h) is the inside of the channel. Based on the results of the analysis of the collector channel dimensions, the value of the basic channel width is 1.55 – 2.07 m and the channel depth is 1.75 - 2.27 m. The difference in water level between the lateral and collector channel has an impact on the need for a drop chute at the outlet of the lateral channel.
Keyword: runoff discharge, design discharge, lateral channel, collector channel

Judul: Kaji Ulang Saluran Drainase Permukiman di  Kawasan Petogogan, Jakarta Selatan
Abstrak: Penyebab utama terjadinya banjir atau genangan air adalah adanya perubahan dari lanskap alami menjadi lahan terbangun dalam wujud jalan, area parkir, trotoar, dan gedung perkantoran, sehingga meningkatkan nilai debit limpasan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan kaji ulang layout serta dimensi saluran lateral dan saluran kolektor. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi pola aliran, dimensi saluran eksisting, koefisien limpasan, waktu konsentrasi, curah hujan rencana, intensitas hujan, debit rencana saluran lateral, debit rencana saluran kolektor, serta desain dimensi saluran lateral dan kolektor. Lokasi penelitian terbagi atas tiga daerah tangkapan air (DTA). Nilai densitas drainase di tiga DTA tersebut tergolong tinggi yaitu berkisar antara 13,8 – 20,3 km2/km. Debit rencana saluran lateral berkisar antara 0,02 – 0,61 m3/detik, sedangkan debit rencana saluran kolektor berkisar 3,13 – 4,85 m3/detik. Debit rencana ini ditentukan berdasarkan debit limpasan dengan periode ulang 5 tahun. Hasil analisis dimensi saluran lateral yaitu lebar saluran (b) berkisar antara 0,15 – 0,78 m serta kedalaman saluran (h) berkisar 0,35 – 0,98 m. Adapun hasil analisis dimensi saluran kolektor adalah lebar saluran (b) berkisar antara 1,8 – 2,2 m dan kedalaman saluran berkisar antara 2,05 - 2,45 m. Dimensi saluran kolektor eksisting pada DTA 1 sudah memadai, sedangkan pada DTA 2 dan DTA 3 perlu dibangun saluran kolektor baru dengan meningkatkan kapasitas saluran lateral yang ada., The main cause of flooding or puddles is the change from natural landscapes to land built in the form of roads, parking areas, sidewalks, and office buildings, thus increasing the value of runoff discharge. The purpose of this research is to review the layout and dimensions of lateral channels and collector channels. The analysis carried out includes flow patterns, existing channel dimensions, runoff coefficients, concentration times, precipitation plans, rain intensity, lateral channel plan discharges, collector channel plan discharges, as well as lateral and collector channel dimension designs. The research site is divided into three water catchment areas (DTA). The drainage density values in the three catchments are relatively high, ranging from 13,8 – 20,3 km2/km. Lateral channel plan discharges range from 0,02 – 0,61 m3/s, while collector channel plan discharges range from 3,13 – 4,85 m3/s. This planned discharge is determined based on runoff discharge with a return period of 5 years. The results of lateral channel dimension analysis are channel width (b) ranging from 0,15 – 0,78 m and channel depth (h) ranging from 0,35 – 0,98 m. The result of the analysis of the collector channel dimensions are channel width (b) ranging from 1,8 – 2,2 m and the depth of the channel ranging from 2,05 – 2,45 m. The dimensions of existing collector channels in DTA 1 are adequate, while in DTA 2 and DTA 3 it is necessary to build new collector channels by increasing the capacity of the existing lateral channels.
Keyword: lateral channel, collector channel, design discharge, dimension

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity