Judul: Pengaruh Krisis Ekonomi Terhadap Hubungan Produksi Internal dan Eksternal pada Industri Kecil Menengah Kulit Ular (Kasus Industri Kecil Kerajinan Kulit Ular di Kabupaten Karawang dan Bekasi, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) sejarah dan perkembangan usaha, dan karakteristik pengusaha industri kerajinan kulit ular, (2) hubungan produksi internal dan perubahan hubungan produksi internal selama krisis ekonomi, dan (3) hubungan produksi eksternal dan perubahan hubungan produksi eksternal selama krisis ekonomi.
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Judul: Analisis dampak krisis ekonomi pada industri tempe skala kecil (Studi kasus: di Desa Citeureup, Kecamatan Citeureup, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Indonesia mengalami krisis moneter pada pertengahan tahun 1997 dan kemudian diikuti dengan krisis ekonomi. Sebelumnya, pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional sangat menggembirakan, mencapai tingkat yang cukup tinggi yaitu 6 - 7 persen per tahun. Kondisi pertumbuhan ekonomi menurun dari 7,5 persen menjadi 0 persen, bahkan pada tahun 1998 menjadi minus 10 - 15 persen. Perubahan nilai kurs rupiah terhadap dollar AS yang befluktuasi sampai mencapai US $12.500, tingkat suku bunga yang tinggi baik di bank pemerintah maupun bank komersial yaitu mencapai antara 60 - 67,5 persen per tahun, serta kondisi perbankan Indonesia yang memburuk mengakibatkan likuidasi beberapa bank swasta nasional.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell