Judul: Dampak Pembangunan Irigasi Pedesaan terhadap Kesempatan Kerja dan Distribusi Pendapatan Petani Lahan Tadah Hujan di Kabupaten Blora
Abstrak: Water scarcity was the main problem faced by farmers in rain-fed area. Therefore, the development of village level irrigation had an opportunity to solve this problem. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate financial feasibility of the village level irrigation development in Blora Regency, (2) to assess its impact on income and employment generation, and (3) to assess income redistribution. Financial feasibility of irrigation was evaluated by benefit-cost analysis; its impact on income and employment generation was assessed by pair-test based on before and after project; while its impact on income redistribution was assessed by Gini Index and Factor Share Analysis (FSA). Purposive sampling technique was used to select villages representing three types of irrigation i.e. cekdam (small dam), glontoran (irrigation pumps) and sumur lapang (drilled well). Samples were randomly selected from population in each village. The population was the farmers who got direct benefit from the irrigation development. The results shown that all type of village level irrigation were financially feasible. Financial feasibility of irrigation was affected by water resource reliability and farmers capacity in applying technology and catching agribusiness opportunity. Village level irrigations had generated employment as well as farmers income in these areas. Employment generation lead to benefit agriculture labor indicated by increase of its share on agricultural labor market. Income generation was originated from increase in cropping index and farmer’s commodity reorientation. Result of FSA shown that farmers were the most benefited from this project in terms of relative share either regard to total output or added value. On the other hand, relative share of labor decreased. This means that labor gain less benefit from the project than other factors.
Keyword: 

Judul: Analisa Dampak Pengembangan Irigasi Sederhana Di Tingkat Petani : Studi Kasus Di Desa Tembakan, Kabupaten Subang Propinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Tujuan Praktek Lapang ini adalah untuk melihat sampai seberapa jauh dampak pengembangan irigasi sederhana di tingkat petani dengan memperhatikan kondisi fisik jaringan irigasi, melihat pengelolaan air dan juga keadaan usahatani. Praktek lapang dilakukan selama 2 bulan, dari tanggal 9 Juli sampai tanggal 9 September, dengan mengambil lokasi di dua petak tersier yang terletak di desa Tambakan, subang Jawa Barat. Pengembangan irigasi sederhana di petak tersier Maja/ Arsadipura dilakukan tahun 1978/1979 dengan biaya sekitar Rp. 2 238 471. Upaya pengembangan ini ditujukan untuk meningkatkan penggunaan air dan tanah sehingga bisa memberi kan hasil yang optimal. Dampak pengembangan irigasi sederhana secara langsung adalah makin membaiknya sistim pengaturan air, yang dicerminkan oleh rendahnya stress days dan flooding days relatif bila dibandingkan dengan penggunaan irigasi sederhana. Keteraturan pengaturan air di daerah yang telah dikembangkan mungkin terjadi karena tersedianya sarana fisik yang lebih lengkap dan lebih baik. Hal ini akan mengakibatkan tercukupinya kebutuhan tanaman (padi) akan air. Dengan demikian maka periode-periode kritis pada tahapan pertumbuhan pada (awal pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif) bisa dilewati dengan kondisi yang lebih ideal. Pada gilirannya, hal ini akan menyebabkan peningkatan produksi dan bila diimbangi dengan kemampuan memasarkan produksi, bisa meningkatkan pendapatan. Untuk bisa mencapai itu semua diperlukan sektor lain yang lebih bersifat membimbing, misalnya penyuluhan mengenai pengenalan budidaya baru dan sebagainya.
Keyword: 

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
Keyword: