Judul: Konstruksi Persamaan Friedmann dan Persamaan Keadaan Alam Semesta Friedmann-Robertson-Walker dipercepat Termodifikasi Medan Skalar DBIonic
Abstrak: Teori Relativitas Umum (TRU) telah digunakan sebagai landasan matematis kosmologi modern. Pengamatan terkini memberikan informasi alam semesta berekspansi dipercepat dan kontribusi materi baryonik hanya 4.9%. Hal tersebut, mengindikasikan adanya sektor yang tidak kita ketahui (sektor gelap) berupa materi gelap atau energi gelap. Medan skalar sering digunakan untuk sebagai model matematis untuk sektor gelap. Pada penelitian ini digunakan medan skalar DBIonic sebagai modifikasi untuk persamaan-persamaan medan Einstein, medan skalar tersebut dikopel dengan materi baryonik. Dinamika alam semesta akan dijelaskan oleh persamaan-persamaan friedmann serta persamaan keadaan. Persamaan-persamaan friedmann didapatkan dengan variasi aksi pada persamaan medan einstein dengan modifikasi sektor energi-materi berupa medan skalar DBIonik. Selanjutnya persamaan keadaan akan didapatkan dengan hubungan w=p/ρ.
Keyword: cosmic expansion, dark energy, dark matter, DBIonic lagrangian, Friedmann's equation, state equations, einstein's field equations

Judul: Konstruksi Persamaan Friedmann Alam Semesta Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Termodifikasi Materi Gelap Superfluida
Abstrak: Kosmologi merupakan salah satu objek kajian dari teori relativitas umum. Salah satu model dalam kosmologi adalah model kosmologi Friedmann. Model kosmologi Friedmann dibangun berdasarkan asumsi bahwa materi dan energi terdistribusi secara homogen dan isotropik di alam semesta. Teori relativitas umum dapat dimodifikasi melalui pendekatan teori materi gelap superfluida (MGS). Persamaan medan Einstein untuk teori MGS dapat dirumuskan melalui prinsip aksi dengan memodifikasi Lagrangian pada aksi teori MGS. Selanjutnya dengan memilih metrik Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) datar dengan indeks kurvatur sama dengan nol, dapat dibangun suatu bentuk persamaan Friedmann yang dimodifikasi teori MGS.
Keyword: kosmologi, teori materi gelap superfluida, persamaan medan Einstein, metrik FLRW, persamaan Friedmann.

Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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