Judul: Classification of Javan Porcupine (Hystrix javanica) Quills Based on Morphology and Distribution Pattern.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati morfologi dan pola distribusi duri landak Jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan lima ekor landak Jawa yang terdiri atas satu ekor betina dan empat ekor jantan. Jumlah, diameter, dan panjang duri di tiap regio diukur sebanyak dua kali pengukuran. Hasil yang didapat kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diuji dengan menggunakan uji ANOVA (Analysis of Variants) serta uji Duncan. Dari 11 regio pengamatan, duri landak dapat dibedakan menjadi empat jenis, yaitu duri pipih, sejati, transisi, dan berderak. Secara umum, duri pipih berwarna hitam. Duri sejati berwarna putih belang hitam dan putih belang hitam belang putih. Duri transisi hanya memiliki satu pola warna, yaitu putih belang hitam belang putih serta duri berderak hanya berwarna putih. Berdasarkan pola distribusi, duri pipih terdapat pada regio capitis, cervical, dorsal scapula, dorsal thorakal 1, lateral thorakal 1, dan ventral abdomen. Duri sejati terdapat pada regio thorakal 2, lumbal, dorsal femur, pangkal coccygeal, dan median coccygeal. Duri transisi hanya terdapat di tiga regio, yaitu lumbal, pangkal coccygeal, dan median coccygeal. Duri berderak hanya terdapat pada regio apikal coccygeal. Duri landak Jawa tumbuh dalam kelompok yang membentuk pola seperti pola sisik pada ikan. Tiap kelompok duri di masing-masing regio memiliki perbedaan panjang dan diameter duri. Panjang dan diameter duri ini memiliki nilai yang sebanding. Duri yang panjang akan memiliki diameter yang besar pula. Terdapat perbedaan panjang duri yang berbeda nyata (P= 0,000) antar tiap regio. Ukuran duri terbesar dan terpanjang terdapat pada regio lumbal. Selain itu, tiap kelompok duri memiliki pola seperti bentuk kipas, baik warna maupun ukuran duri.
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Judul: Anatomi Otot Daerah Panggul dan Paha Landak Jawa (Hystrix javanica)
Abstrak: This study was conducted to observe the anatomical structure of pelvic and thigh muscles in Javan porcupine included their origins and insertions in order to describe the possible functions of each muscles. This study used two specimen of adult male porcupines preserved in 10% formalin. Observations carried out by observing the outer morphology of pelvic and thigh regions. Determination of structures, origins, and insertions of each muscles was done by dissecting the superficial and deep layers and the muscles were named according to the Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2005. The muscles which found in pelvic and thigh regions were the cutaneous, psoas minor, iliopsoas (psoas major and iliacus venter lateral et medial), quadratus lumborum, tensor fasciae latae, gluteus superficialis, gluteus medius, piriformis, gluteus profundus, biceps femoris, abductor cruris caudalis, semitendinosus, semimembranosus, quadriceps femoris (vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis), gemelli, obturatorius externus, obturatorius internus, sartorius, gracilis, pectineus, adductor longus, and adductor magnus et brevis. The results showed that Javan porcupine has unique structure of pelvic and thigh muscles that is the prominent of cutaneous muscle was extended up to the pelvic and thigh regions, the quadratus lumborum with two bellies, and the course of biceps femoris and semitendinosus which reached up to the sacrum and coccygeal regions. The structure of these pelvic and thigh muscles are sugested to be related with the adaptation and behavior of Javan porcupine during erecting the quills, rattling the tail quills, rushing enemies, and digging burrows.
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Judul: Bioelectricity Production from Citrobacter freundii GBH253 and Chlorella pyrenoidosa on Microbial Fuel Cell Anode with Different Carbon Sources
Abstrak: Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) development has significantly increased from various aspects to get higher and more stable electricity. Developing MFC on microorganism aspect is very important because it plays a crucial role in the MFC system. C. freundii GBH253 is one of the potential exoelectrogen bacterium that could be developed for the MFC system. Integrating C. freundii GBH253 and electricity-producing microalgae, such as C. pyrenoidosa, in the anode of MFC could get more stable and higher electricity. In this study, C. freundii GBH253 and C. pyrenoidosa were coupled to produce electricity from different substrates. C. freundii GBH253 and C. pyrenoidosa were tested on three different media types before being tested on MFC. They were also examined for the co-cultivation test to determine the symbiotic relationship between the two microorganisms. The MFC test was conducted using the Randomized Block Design Factorial and the Tukey test to see significant differences from each treatment. The parameters observed in this study were voltage, power density, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Coulombic Efficiency (CE), pH, and volatile fatty acid (VFA). C. freundii GBH253 cannot grow on microalgae medium, while C. pyrenoidosa could grow on bacterial medium and a mixture of bacterium and microalgae media. The bacterium gained benefit from co-culture with microalgae. In the MFC test, electricity was generated in all treatments, which bacterium + microalgae with acetate treatment could generate power density up to 211,97 mW/m2 and the most stable compared to others. Production of electricity in bacterium-microalgae combination dominated by the bacterium; hence, microalgae still help bacterium by producing electricity and raised the COD value. The pH value of all treatments was higher than the initial pH. Acetate and phenol were VFA produced in all treatments, whereas butyric acid and propionic acid were found in some treatments. Pearson correlation showed that some VFA highly correlated with power density.
Keyword: Chlorella pyrenoidosa, Substrate, Microbial Fuel Cell, Electricity Producing Microalgae, Volatile Fatty Acid, Citrobacter freundii