Judul: Nunukan Chicken In Tarakan Island As Germplasm Of Kalimantan Timur Province
Abstrak: Nunukan chicken is local chicken which has the potential to be developed. Some advantages nunukan chicken is specific coat color, hair growth is slow so it fits in the hot area, and more efficient in the metabolism of proteins containing sulfur (cystine and methionine), and nunukan chicken was superior on body weight gain and production eggs then general local chicken. Studies on the characteristics of nunukan chicken will provide additional information as a reference to conserve, utilization, and development of nunukan chicken, therefore the purpose of this study was to characterize the nunukan chicken in Tarakan Island on phenotypic characteristics of qualitative and quantitative trait as the basis for development and advancement. Methods of observation and data collection was done directly. Qualitative trait of the observations made on nine traits, namely: shape comb, beak color, ear color, shank color, skin color, hair color, hair pattern, flicker feathers and feather patterns. Quantitative trait measurements used digital calipers, ruler, measuring tape, digital scales, and a rope, which was at 20 traits, consisting of: beak length, beak wide, thick beak, head length, head width, comb height, comb width, thickness comb, body weight, body length, chest circumference, long backs, long wings, long neck, wide pelvis, femur length, tibia length, length of shank (metatarsus), shank circumference, and length of the third finger, and egg characteristics: egg weight, egg length, egg width, yolk weight, weight of egg white, egg yolk percentage, percentage of egg white, egg shell color, and shell weights. Farmer characteristics observed by filling the questionnaire and interview with the farmers. Characteristics of qualitative traits of nunukan chicken was analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Gene frequency was calculated based on Hardy-Weinberg law. Quantitative trait characteristics between the samples of nunukan chicken was tested using t-student test to determine any differences between locations. T-student test performed using Minitab software version 14.0. Hotteling T2 test done to know the difference between chicken populations among study sites, and followed by principal component analysis (AKU). The analysis of the AKU, the trait of body weight were not included in the analysis process. Analyses were performed using Minitab software version 14.0. Farmer characteristics were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The characteristics of qualitative properties of nunukan chicken relatively similar for all sampling sites, namely single comb, beak and shank color yellow, reddish-brown fur with columbian pattern. Alleged genotype based on phenotype livestock was pp ZIdZ- ZIdW ii ee ZsZs ZsW ZbZb ZbW, and white eggshell color (prpr). The characteristics of quantitative traits on males nunukan chickens, there were 13 properties that are significantly different between sites (beak width, thick beak, head width, comb wide, thickness comb, body weight, body length, back length, wing length, neck length, femur length, shank circumference, and the third finger length), whereas in females nunukan chicken there are only two real different properties, that was beak width and shank length, indicating that on the quantitative trait, the male nunukan chicken is more varied than in the female. The characteristics of egg significantly different on eggshell thickness, while the other parameters there was not difference between sites. Characteristics
Keyword: genetic and phenotypic characteristic, nunukan chicken, Tarakan Island

Judul: Polimorfisme gen Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-1) dan gen Pituitary Positive Transcription Factor-1 (Pit-1) serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ayam lokal di Indonesia
Abstrak: Conservation in poultry genetic variation is necessary to maintain specific traits in poultry that may be utilized in the future. Morphologic measurement is one of the identification methods on genetic variation in Indonesian local chicken breeds. This study is expected to give a result on data acquisition on body weight and other morphologic character of local chicken breeds at several ages, therefore, the data can be applied to poultry selection. Local chicken growth is known to be low compared to broiler chicken. Growth is dependent on genetic and environmental factors; several genes controlling growth have been thoroughly studied. IGF-1 and Pit-1 genes are among the group of growth genes that have been recently draw attention for thorough research. Those genes play role in somatic growth, i.e., muscle, bone, epithelial and fibroblast cells. Those genes as well control production of growth and prolactin hormone. Therefore this study was designed to explore IGF-1 and Pit-1 genes in accordance with growth in Indonesia endogenous chickens. Local and broiler chickens were the object of this study which applied two steps of analyses. First, phenotypic variation by measuring morphologic characters, such as body weight, length of shank, length of beak, breast width, back width, and breast perimeter. Second, polymorphic analysis in IGF-1 and Pit-1 genes. Genotyping using PCR-RFLP - restriction enzyme Pst-1 was carried out on each individuals of local and broiler chickens. This study also attempted in correlating phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Results of this study indicated body weight and other morphologic characters of eight weeks-broiler chicken were higher than those of local chicken races (P<0.01). Among local chickens at the age of 28 weeks, pelung was the highest in morphologic characters compared to kedu, sentul, and kampong. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on chicken morphologic characters of eight week age resulted in three clusters, i.e., broilers, pelung, and kedu, kampong and sentul. On the other hand, the analysis on 28 week aged-chickens resulted in two clusters, pelung and kedu, kampong and sentul. Similarity index of kampong was 64.70%, as it was influenced by composite index of kedu (17.70%) and sentul (17.60%). Similarity index of sentul was 71.40%, influenced by composite index of kampong 28.60 %. Kedu has similarity index of 81.20%, influenced by kampong 18.80%. Similarity index of pelung was the highest (100%), it was not dependent on composite index of other chickens. Discriminant variable on local chicken contributed significantly on back length 0.924 (canonical-1) and breast perimeter 0.870 (canonical-2), its canocial structure value was relatively high. IGF-1 gen composed three genotypes (AA, AB, and BB) in broiler chickens, while that of local chickens was two genotypes (AA and AB). Body weight in all races of chickens at entire ages with AA genotypes was lower compared to chickens with AB genotypes. Body weight of sentul, kedu, and kampong at the ages of one to five months was not significantly different, in spite of the two different genotypes (AA and AB). Back length and breast perimeter of pelung ((P<0.05) were higher compared to sentul, kedu, and kampong, regardless genotyping (AA and AB). . Pit-1 gene in exon
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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