Judul: Isolasi Dan Karakterisasi Protein Kepiting (Scylla Serrata), Cumi-Cumi (Photololigo Duvaucelii), Kacang Hijau (Vigna Radiata (L.) R. Wilczek), Dan Kacang Koro Pedang (Canavalia Ensiformis (L.) Dc) Untuk Pembuatan Isolat Alergen
Abstrak: Alergi makanan merupakan salah satu reaksi hipersensitivitas yang memiliki manifestasi klinik yang cukup fatal. Sampai saat ini, metode pencegahan penyakit alergi pangan yang dianjurkan adalah menghindari pangan sumber alergen, yaitu protein penyebab alergi. Hal ini menyebabkan alergi merupakan masalah ganda yaitu reaksi imun yang tidak normal dan berdampak pada kondisi kekurangan zat gizi protein. Untuk menghindari hal tersebut, diagnosis alergi pangan sangat penting dilakukan. Diagnosis alergi pangan bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab alergi pangan sehingga hanya menghindari atau membatasi mengkonsumsi makanan penyebab alergi. Skin prick test (SPT) atau uji tusuk kulit merupakan metode yang dipercaya dan diyakini dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui penyebab alergi yang dimediasi oleh antibodi IgE. Bahan utama yang digunakan untuk SPT adalah ekstrak alergen atau reagen SPT yang ketersediaannya di rumah sakit atau klinik di Indonesia masih kurang dan masih impor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat reagen SPT dari bahan baku lokal terdiri dari makanan laut (cumi-cumi dan kepiting) dan kacang-kacangan (kacang hijau dan kacang koro pedang). Spesifikasi reagen SPT mengacu pada standar European Pharmacopoeia 7 Monograph on Allergen Products 01/2010:1063 (EDQM 2010). Metode ekstraksi protein yang digunakan pada pangan laut adalah dengan cara memisahkan protein sarkoplasma dan miofibril sedangkan isolasi protein kacang dilakukan dengan metode isoelektrik. Karakterisasi isolat dilakukan dengan metode elektroforesis dan uji alergenisitas dilakukan dengan metode ELISA dan immunoblotting. Pembuatan reagen SPT dilakukan secara aseptis menggunakan larutan gliserol saline. Setelah memenuhi persyaratan European Pharmacopoeia Monograph on Allergen Products 7 01/2010:1063 (EDQM 2010), reagen SPT diaplikasikan pada uji SPT menggunakan responden manusia kemudian dihitung sensitivitas dan spesifisitas diagnosisnya. Rendemen protein miofibril dan sarkoplasma cumi-cumi hasil ekstraksi masing-masing adalah 27,8% dan 19,4% (% protein cumi-cumi). Fraksi protein miofibril terdiri dari 11 pita protein dengan bobot molekul 18,2 -108,4 kDa dan fraksi protein sarkoplasma terdiri dari 13 pita protein dengan bobot molekul 9,5-119,3 kDa. Protein miofibril yang bersifat alergen adalah bobot molekul 8,9 – 122,7 kDa dan protein sarkoplasma yang bersifat alergen adalah 11,8 -143,9 kDa. Reagen miofibril dan sarkoplasma cumi-cumi memenuhi persyaratan European Pharmacopoeia 7 Monograph on Allergen Products 01/2010:1063 untuk parameter kadar air, kadar protein, sterilitas dan mikrobiologi. Uji tusuk kulit pada responden menunjukkan bahwa nilai sensitivitas reagen miofibril cumi-cumi adalah 86% dan sarkoplasma cumi-cumi adalah 64% dengan tingkat kesalahan negatifnya untuk masing-masing reagen miofibril dan sarkoplasma adalah 14% dan 36%. Hasil diagnosis miofibril dan sarkoplasma cumi-cumi akan diperoleh nilai sensitivitas 100%. Pemisahan protein cumi-cumi menjadi mofibril dan sarkoplasma untuk uji tusuk kulit dapat meningkatkan nilai sensitivitasnya dan menurunkan kesalahan diagnosis negatif. Nilai spesifisitas masing-masing protein miofibril dan sarkoplasma adalah 100% dengan tingkat kesalahan terjadinya diagnosis positif 0 %. Rendemen protein miofibril dan sarkoplasma kepiting masing-masing adalah 28,4% dan 18,4% (% protein kepiting). Fraksi protein miofibril terdiri dari 19 pita protein dengan bobot molekul 9.6-111.6 kDa dan fraksi protein sarkoplasma terdiri dari 19 pita protein dengan bobot molekul 9,5-104,6 kDa. Protein miofibril yang bersifat alergen adalah bobot molekul 13.9-155.4 kDa dan protein sarkoplasma yang bersifat alergen adalah 8.4-129.4 kDa. Reagen miofibril dan sarkoplasma kepiting memenuhi persyaratan European Pharmacopoeia 7 Monograph on Allergen Products 01/2010:1063 untuk parameter kadar air, kadar protein, sterilitas dan mikrobiologi. Hasil SPT pada responden menunjukkan
Keyword: Cumi-cumi, kepiting, kacang hijau, kacang koro pedang, protein alergen, diagnosis alergi, reagen SPT, skin prick test.

Judul: Produksi dan Aplikasi Ekstrak Protein Kacang- Kacangan dan Produk Laut sebagai Reagen Uji Alergi Makanan dengan Metode Skin Prick Test (SPT)
Abstrak: Food allergy is an abnormal immune response of a sensitive person to food proteins that was known as allergen. Most of them have a protein or glycoproteins structure. The reaction of food allergies are mediated by immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. The allergen may stimulate the immune system to produce a large amounts of immunoglobulin E antibodies of allergic individuals, then bind to their receptor on the surface of mast cells. These IgE could cross-linked with the same allergens on subsequent exposure. The cross-linked of IgE and allergen could be activated mast cells and the subsequent release rapidly pathological mediators such as histamine, proteases and leukotrienes. These mediators are causing itching, bumps, swelling, shortness of breath, cough, and anaphylactic shock. To date, there is no cure for food allergies except avoiding allergenic foods. Avoiding food should be established according to the result of allergy tests, such as skin prick test and double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFC). Skin prick tests (SPTs) are widely used for detecting allergen that caused IgEmediated food hypersensitivity. The main component on skin prick test was known as SPT reagent which were extracted from food. A miniscule amount of SPT reagent was pricked into the skin by gently. The aim of study are extraction protein of soybean, peanut, bambara nut, shrimp, tuna and asian green mussel Indonesian local then making them as SPT reagents. The protein extract of nuts were prepared by isoelectric precipitation method and phosphat buffer extraction for seafood product. Autoclaved glycerol and phenol were mixed with the protein extracts then packed on 5 ml sterile vial bottles. The specification of food allergen extracts (SPT reagents) referred to the European Pharmacopoeia Monograph on Allergen Products 2010:1063. Characterization of protein extract was performed using electrophoresis, indirect ELISA method was done to detect specific IgE. Immunoblotting method was done to identify allergen proteins. The study was approved by Ethics Committee of Faculty of Public Health, University of Diponegoro No. 190/EC/FKM/2014. SPT reagent have been tested on forty subjects allergic and non-allergic food. They gave written informed consent before joint with the study as participants. Sensitivity and specificity of SPT reagent were calculated based on SPT and specific IgE results. The yield of soybean extract was 53.10% and 23.50g /100g sample as recovery value. The results of SDS-PAGE showed that numerous molecular weight were detected: 147 kDa, 102 kDa, 91 kDa, 82 kDa, 76 kDa, 66 kDa, 56 kDa, 30 kDa, 28 kDa, 23 kDa, 22 kDa, 20 kDa, 18 kDa, and 17 kDa. Sensitivity and specificity of soybean protein extract were 100%. Immunoblotting test shown that extract protein of soybean contain protein allergenic, they have molecular weight between 17 kDa and 61 kDa. The yield and recovery of peanut extract were 74.98% and 51.31g/100g sample respectively. Ten bands were detected on protein peanut extract by SDSPAGE method with molecular weight are: 122 kDa, 70 kDa, 57 kDa, 41 kDa, 37 kDa, 31 kDa, 20 kDa, 19 kDa, 18 kDa and 17 kDa. Potential allergenic protein were shown by molecular weight between 10 kDa and 49 kDa. The sensitivity and specificity
Keyword: soybean, peanut, bambara nut, shrimp, tongkol, asian green mussel, sensitivity, skin prick test

Judul: Tinjauan Matematis pada Model Makroskopik dan Mikroskopik Arus Lalu-lintas
Abstrak: Traffic flow phenomenon can be described through mathematical model such as continuous dynamic model with an ordinary differential equation so that it can be solved with integral factors. In this paper three simple models of traffic flow are discussed, i.e, two macroscopic and one microscopic models. Macroscopic model formulates dynamics of the traffic flow that occurs on a large number of vehicles on a road. While the microscopic model explains drivers’ behavior in their interaction with other vehicles ahead, i.e, car-following model. This paper shows the existence of ordinary differential equation found in the traffic flow model and indicates some different representations in the context of the same model. It also reviews a simple model of traffic flow along a single link, which leads to some unexpected results, i.e, it can express the solution model in term of link outflows as well as trip time. In the microscopic model, simulation is done to illustrate the behavior of the drivers with a sensitivity coefficient as a benchmark parameter.
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