Judul: Pengeringan Sludge Limbah Cair dari Tempat Pembuangan Sampah Secara Elektroosmosis pada Skala Semi Lapang
Abstrak: Wastewater treatment in a IPAL produces a semi-solid residue known as sludge. As a semi-solid material and derived from a variety of mixed waste, the sludge is difficult to be transported and still contains harmful substances to the environment. Therefore, a technology needed to reduce the water content in sludge so it can be easily transported and the amount of the harmful substances can be reduced. One method that has been introduced is electroosmosis. This study aims to test the effectiveness of the electroosmosis sludge drying technique at semi field scale and to know the influence of electroosmosis on heavy metal reduction in sludge from liquid waste management. This research use sludge from IPAL TPA Bantar Gebang and was designed on a semi-field scale. The device was made from: (1) plastic box which has 100 x 50 x 40 cm for length, width and height and 0.5 mm thickness, (2) the positive electrode which is made from graphite and the negative one which is made from copper, (3) electrical current connecting cable (4) a 30 V voltage power supply. After the electroosmosis process is completed, a five centimeters thick sludge taken horizontally between anode and cathode. This study shows that drying process by electroosmosis can be done with TPS sludge type. Electroosmosis can reduce the moisture content of the sludge from 1700% to about 1300-1000% of in 17610 minutes (293.5 hours) using 30 V voltage. The drying or dewatering process still not done effectively because some problems such as electricity cut out in the power supply. Electroosmosis drying changes the chemical properties of the sludge, such as pH and can lower the concentration of heavy metals in the area near to anode and also increases and accumulates the metals at the cathode.
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Judul: Pengomposan Lumpur Pengolahan Air dengan Limbah Pertanian
Abstrak: Water treatment sludge (WTS) contains organic and inorganic solids including algae, pathogens such as bacteria and viruses, sand, clay, and sediment of chemicals that were formed during processing. The main concerns of direct disposal of WTS is the potential toxicity of iron and aluminum from alum and ferric chloride as the primary coagulant used, and also heavy metals content such as Pb, and Zn. Organic and inorganic materials, especially metals contained in sludge are generally labile / unstable which is a concern when exposed to the water bodies or soil. The purposes of this study were (1) to apply composting techniques to WTS as an alternative of sludge handling and to minimize negative impacts on the environment, (2) to analyze the influence of composting process on the quality of sludge in the form of compost material produced, (3) to analyze the quality of the produced compost based on national compost standard of SNI 19-7030- 2004. The composting process used three different WTS from three different water treatment plants. Natural static pile composting method that carried out for 60 days was used in this study. Temperature changes of compost piles which were monitored daily showed that the compost pile undergoing a process of well degradation by microorganisms. This degradation process was stabilizing the concentration of macro and micro elements including heavy metals in the compost pile. Those were shown by the increase and stabilization of macro elements such as C, N, K, and P. The results also showed that composting process can be used to decrease the concentration of metal such as Fe, Al, and Pb. The composting process worked well and produced composts which comply with the compost quality standard. Based on the results obtained, the produced compost can be justified to contain nutrient which is applicable as soil conditioner.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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