Judul: In Silico Analysis of Bioactive Compounds in Black Cumin Seed as Inhibitor of Angiotensin-I Converting Enzyme (ACE)
Abstrak: ACE merupakan salah satu reseptor utama dalam regulasi tekanan darah serta paling umum dihambat untuk mengatasi hipertensi. Biji jintan hitam dipercaya memiliki banyak manfaat, salah satunya menurunkan tekanan darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi interaksi molekuler serta menyeleksi dan memprediksi potensi inhibisi senyawa bioaktif biji jintan hitam terhadap ACE sebagai obat antihipertensi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan penapisan virtual 97 ligan uji menggunakan PyRx Virtual Screening Tool dan penambatan molekuler menggunakan AutoDock Tools. Hasil analisis interaksi ligan-reseptor menunjukkan 14 dari 20 ligan yang diuji pada tahapan tersebut memiliki potensi sebagai inhibitor ACE. Epicatechin menjadi ligan dengan potensi terbaik (ΔG -7.00 kkal/mol; BSS 62.50%) serta memenuhi pendekatan keberadaan interaksi terhadap Zn. Meskipun tidak menjadi ligan terbaik, terdapat tiga senyawa khas biji jintan hitam yang diidentifikasi juga berpotensi sebagai inhibitor ACE, yaitu trans-4-methoxy-thujane (ΔG -5.20 kkal/mol; BSS 68.75%) yang memenuhi pendekatan keberadaan interaksi terhadap Zn serta thymoquinone (ΔG -5.50 kkal/mol; BSS 43.75%) dan thymohydroquinone (ΔG -5.20 kkal/mol; BSS 50.00%) yang memenuhi pendekatan keberadaan ikatan hidrogen pada sisi aktif., ACE is one of the main receptors in the regulation of blood pressure and is the most commonly inhibited to treat hypertension. Black cumin seeds are believed to have many benefits, one of them is lowering blood pressure. This study aims to identify molecular interactions as well as to select and predict the ACE inhibition potential of bioactive compounds from black cumin seeds as an antihypertensive drug. The research began with virtual screening of 97 ligands using the PyRx Virtual Screening Tool and molecular docking using AutoDock Tools. The results of the ligand-receptor interaction analysis showed that 14 of the 20 ligands tested at that step had potential as ACE inhibitors. Epicatechin became the ligand with the best potency (ΔG -7.00 kcal/mol; BSS 62.50%) and qualify to the approach of the presence of an interaction with Zn. Although not the best ligand, there are three unique ligands of black cumin seeds that were identified as potential ACE inhibitors, those are trans-4-methoxy-thujane (ΔG -5.20 kcal/mol; BSS 68.75%) which qualify to the approach of the presence of an interaction with Zn, also thymoquinone (ΔG -5.50 kcal/mol; BSS 43.75%) and thymohydroquinone (ΔG -5.20 kcal/mol; BSS 50.00%) which qualify the approach of the presence of hydrogen bonds on the active site.
Keyword: ACE, Black cumin seed, Hypertension, Molecular docking

Judul: Inhibisi in-vitro Ekstrak Ciplukan, Beluntas, Asam Gelugur, dan Alang-alang terhadap Aktivitas Angiotensin Converting Enzyme.
Abstrak: Hipertensi adalah peningkatan abnormal tekanan darah, baik tekanan darah sistolik maupun tekanan darah diastolik. Antihipertensi dapat berupa obat sintetik atau isolat senyawa kimia dari tanaman yang berfungsi sebagai inhibitor angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE). Penelitian ini memanfaatkan tanaman obat herba ciplukan, daun beluntas, daun asam gelugur, dan alang-alang sebagai inhibitor ACE secara in vitro untuk melihat potensinya sebagai antihipertensi. Sampel diekstraksi lewat maserasi dengan pelarut air dan etanol 30% dan diuji kandungan metabolit sekundernya melalui uji fitokimia, toksisitas, dan daya inhibisi ACE. Daya inhibisi terbaik ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etanol 30% daun asam gelugur menghasilkan nilai IC50 terkecil, yaitu 63 mg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil ini ekstrak tersebut berpotensi untuk pengobatan antihipertensi melalui mekanisme penghambatan ACE.
Keyword: alang-alang, angiotensin converting enzyme, asam gelugur, beluntas, ciplukan

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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