Judul: Sustainable dry land agricultural management
Abstrak: The aims of this research are to analysize the biophysics and socio-economic technique management to encourage the creation of tie sustainable agricultural system. Beside that, the usage of this study could show the alternative’s way of biophysics (conservation) and socio-economic management, so it can create the sustainable agricultural system. This research was done in Southeast Sulawesi, Talumbinga village, Landono Kendari district. Generally most of agriculture’s form in this area is dry land agricultural or known as arable farming and there still done shifting cultivation. The approach of this research was done two ways, thre are the approach to the ecology or biophysics and the approach to the socio-economic. The results indicated that biophysically the local farm-hand of shifting cultivation has made the increase of land erotion, which could reach 130,9 ton per year or 10,91 mm. whereas the conservation technique biophysically and socio-economic are by the multiple cropping farm's pattern between beans and corn (maise). This pattern could decrease the accelerate of erotion until 75% or become round 23 ton per hectare per year or 1.97 mm per year. To research the prosperity grade of farmers based on UMR standard, so the pattern of multiple cropping between beans and corn (maise) have to be applied in mixed farm enterprises, that is the farmer have to take care of livestock, such as cows, and fruits plant like rambutan and durian. To achieve the income over the UMR standard, so farmer need to be undersurveilance for 3-5 years intensively. This is now the reason why farmer should move from dry- land farming to the new pattern mentioned above. The erosion level analysis is used to know growing pattern that gives erosion level under ETOL, while financial analysis which uses net present value, net B/C and IRR, is also used to know business feasibility of each growing pattern. The results of the research imply that the rate of erosion occur in advance of growing season for all growing pattern, but two to three weeks after growing, each pattern give different response. In many cases, growing pattern proceeded by intercropping of paddy and corn resulting in higher erosion rate in comparison with pattern which is proceeded by intercropping of cont and legumes. The total erosion occurred on pattern with intercropping of paddy and corn range between 88.521 ton to 130.926 ton/year, or between 6,88 mm/year to 10,91 mm/year. All is over tolerated erosion namely 5,2 mm/year.
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Judul: Perencanaan Penggunaan Laban untuk Pembangunan Pertanian Berkelanjutan di DAS Lahumbuti Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: Land use which is not compatible with land capability and lack of awareness to apply soil conservation measures, are the causes of increasing erosion and decreasing soil productivity which ultimately lead to low income of the farmers. Therefore, there is a necessity for proper land use management plan, particularly in the Lahumbuti catchment for achieving sustainable agricultural development. The research that has been conducted in Lahumbuti catchment. has the objectives of evaluating land use and land capability, and also le::rrning the agrotechnolo-g-; applied in the Lahumbuti catchment. Beside that, the study was also aimed at designing alternative for land use management plan which is compatible with land capability to achieve sustainable watershed management at Lahumbuti catchment. Method used in this research was survey method that comprised collection of primary data and secondary data. Primary data includes (a) physical condition of the land (steep slope and length of slope, permeability, effective soil depth, drainage, texture, stucture and content of the soil organic matter) and (b) socio-economic condition (demography, production facility, cost, farmers income and agrotechnology applied in the study site), evaluation of suitability betwen land use and land capability using Klingebiel and Montgomery criteria, erosion estimate using USLE method, calculation of Etol using Hammer method (1981 and evaluation of living standard appropriateness using Sajogyo and P. Sajogyo ( 1990 ). Secondary data are in the form of daily rainfall data, facts in the district, topographic map and soil map. Research result showed that generally land use in Lahumbuti catchment are accordance with their land capability, although there were several farming activities that were conducted on steep slope. Planting pattern and agrotechnology adopted by farmer were still traditional. Result of erosion prediction at intensive obsevation site indicates that the occuring erosion (13,03-262,10 tonnes/ha/year) were greater than the soil loss tolerable (8,65-48,% tonnes/ha/year), resulting in decline of land productivity and farmers low income (Rp. 2.822.650,- - Rp. 8.033.100,- HH/ha/year). Therefore, there is need for change in cropping pattern and agrotechnology, accompanied with soil conservation measures so that erosion could be reduced to a minimum level which is smaller than the tolerable level. Pursuant to equality of land capability class and types of cultivated crop betwen the intensive observation sites and the land units at the whole of Lahumbuti catchment, land use recomendation in the catchment is that at land class I (21.870 ha) and land class II (1213,5 ha) the suitable land used are mixed garden and dry land, there would be inter cropping (tumpangsari, tampang si1>ip) and multiple cropping, accompanied by mulch and construction of bund terrace. Forest and shrubland could be converted to mixed garden and dry land or agroforestry system. Land class III (11.624,1 ha) and class IV(28.373,7 ha) are
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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