Judul: Pertukaran Sosial di Pedesaan : Studi Kasus Komersialisasi Gantangan di Tiga Desa Miskin Subang
Abstrak: Gantangan is a social exchange system that develops from the rural traditional custom in Subang regency, West Java. Through this Gantangan we can see how the general reciprocity in rural societies transformed into balanced reciprocity, social exchange and lead to social commercialization. Gantangan that thrive in this traditional celebration party (pesta hajatan) arena is a phenomenon that reflects the changing values in the rural communities into individualistic and contractual exchange. The study purpose is to analyze the transformation of the pattern of Gantangan in three villages which have different poor sociodemographic characteristics, that is in the coastal area (North Subang), lowlands (Central Subang) and uplands (South Subang). The results of this study found the existence of three patterns of exchange in each community, namely: type A (nyambungan), type B (gintingan), type C (golongan). Commercialization rate realized in several stages, including the commercialization on stage 1 (the commodification of traditional-celebration party) and the commercialization on stage 2 (rent seeking).
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Judul: Konversi Lahan dan Perubahan Strategi Nafkah Masyarakat Pedesaan (Kasus: Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat).
Abstrak: Cases of land conversion in the Sub-district of Mulyaharja are caused by the people's decision to sell their land. The decision to sell the land is triggered by several factors. These factors include low levels of education, low income, ownership of small land, life necessities, lifestyle, corporate mediators' strategies, company's investment. The decision to sell the land turns out to have a major impact on the economic and social aspects of the community. In the social aspects, there is a change in the social relations between the land owner and farm workers from the fifty-fifty system of cultivation to a rental system. Economically, the status of farmers' livelihoods has changed and new strategies of livelihood have emerged. In agriculture, prior to land conversion, most people were land owners. In contrast, after conversion they mostly become land workers or cultivators. In addition, there are a variety of community's strategies of livelihood.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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