Judul: Optimization of the Process of Making FeedWafers Containing Groundnut Waste Materials at Different Heating Temperatures
Abstrak: Pakan ternak ruminansia umumnya berasal dari hijauan, namun ketersediaannya semakin terbatas dan sangat bergantung pada musim. Limbah kacang tanah merupakan salah satu limbah agroindustri yang berpotensi sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Namun, limbah ini memiliki kendala seperti bersifat voluminous dan bulky. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi masalah ini adalah dengan memproduksi pakan dalam bentuk wafer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan proses pembuatan wafer dengan penggunaan limbah kacang tanah pada suhu pemanasan berbeda. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan Faktor A sebagai formulasi pakan dengan 5 taraf limbah kacang tanah (0, 7,5, 15, 22,5, 30) % dan Faktor B sebagai suhu pemanasan dengan 3 taraf (110, 120, 125), Ruminant feed generally comes from forage, but its availability is increasingly limited and highly dependent on the season. Groundnut waste is one of the agro-industrial wastes that has potential as an alternative feed ingredient. However, this waste has obstacles such as being voluminous and bulky. One solution to overcome this problem is to produce feed in the form of wafers. This study aims to optimize the process of making wafers by using groundnut waste at different heating temperatures. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) factorial pattern with Factor A as feed formulation with 5 levels of groundnut waste (0, 7.5, 15, 22.5, 30) % and Factor B as heating temperature with 3 levels (110, 120, 125) °C. The observed variables included organoleptic properties, moisture content, water activity, impact resistance, specific gravity, water absorption, Wafer Durability Index (WDI), nutrient content, and wafer acceptability. The results showed that there was an interaction between ration formula and heating temperature (P<0.05) on moisture content, water activity, specific gravity, water absorption, and WDI. Wafers with 15% groundnut waste content and 125°C heating temperature provided optimal conditions.
Keyword: Limbah kacang tanah, nutrisi domba, optimalisasi, proses produksi, wafer pakan

Judul: Physical and Chemical Quality of Complete Feed  Wafers Containing Peanut Shells at Different Heating Times
Abstrak: Kulit kacang tanah merupakan salah satu limbah agroindustri yang berpotensi sebagai bahan pakan alternatif untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pakan ternak, namun bersifat voluminous dan berdebu. Pembuatan wafer dapat diterapkan untuk mengurangi sifat voluminous dan berdebu dari kulit kacang tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh lama pemanasan yang berbeda terhadap kualitas fisik dan kimia wafer mengandung kulit kacang tanah sebagai pakan kelinci. Parameter yang diuji pada penelitian ini yaitu kadar air, aktivitas air, berat jenis, WDI, ketahanan benturan serta akseptabilitas kelinci terhadap wafer. Pengujian kualitas fisik menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada parameter kadar air dan aktivitas air. Parameter berat jenis, WDI dan ketahanan benturan dan akseptabilitas kelinci terhadap wafer menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Nilai parameter kadar air, aktivitas air, berat jenis dan WDI pada semua perlakuan memenuhi standar yang digunakan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan lama pemanasan yang berbeda menghasilkan wafer dengan kualitas fisik dan akseptabilitas yang sama pada kelinci., Peanut shells, one of agroindustrial waste has potential as an alternative feed ingredient to meet the demand for animal feed, but they have dusty and voluminous material properties. This research examines the effect of different heating on the physical and chemical quality of wafers products as rabbits feed. Parameters tested in this research were moisture content, water activity, specific gravity, WDI, impact resistance, and acceptability in rabbits. The physical quality tasting showed significant results (P<0.05) on parameters of water content and water activity. Specific gravity, WDI, impact resistance, and acceptability parameters showed insignificant results (P>0.05). The parameters of water content, water activity, specific gravity, impact resistance, and WDI in all treatments met the standards used. It can be concluded that using different heating times produces wafers with the same physical quality and acceptability in rabbits.
Keyword: : acceptability, agroindustrial waste, complete feed wafer, physical quality, rabbit

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
Keyword: