Judul: Pendugaan Emisi CO2 Berdasarkan Kedalaman Drainase Akibat Alih Guna Lahan. (Studi Kasus: Daerah Eks Proyek Lahan Gambut Sejuta Hektar, Kalimantan Tengah).
Abstrak: Mega Rice Project in Central Kalimantan which was implemented in early 1990s was meant for human settlement and rice cultivation. It involved extensive deforestation of peat swamp forests and draining of peatlands by means of massive network of canal drainage. These resulted in loss of carbon stocks, peat oxidation, CO2 emissions, and peat subsidence as water table depth (WTD) decreased. In some cases peat fires was inevitable causing further emission of greenhouse gases. Estimates of whole system emissions of CO2 were carried out using land-cover and WTD scenarios. Land-cover change scenario was based on chronological land-cover in 2003 and 2006 and logistic regression approach was employed to determine the significance of affecting variables. Eight variables selected were percent of forest fire, WTD, deforestation rate, percent of area used for forest plantation, economic value of key commodity, population density, distance of hot spots from to settlement and to river. From the crossed-tabulated land-cover change during 2003-2006 it was derived 33 logistic regression equations, 20 of which have coefficient of determination (R2) more than 50% and the remaining 13 equations have R2 less than 50%. Based on a series of F-test it was found that the independence variables significantly affect land-cover change at confidence level of 95%. Furthermore, the sensitive test was conducted, which demonstrates that 72% of spatially explicit predicted land cover is an agreement with the observed ones. The equations were then used to predict the likely land-cover in 2020 Emission of CO2 is predicted from drained and undrained primary forest, secondary forest, shrub vegetation and agricultural crops growing on peatlands based on the drainage model derived by Hooijeret al. (2006) and experimental-based estimates proposed by Jauhiainen et al. (2001, 2004, and 2005). It was demonstrated that CO2 emissions from the whole system of ex-Mega Rice Project in 2020 using experimental model was28.80Mt CO2/ha/yrwhen drained and only15.14 Mt CO2/ha/yr if the landscape was not drained. The drainage model gave much less estimate of 17.65 Mt CO2/ha/yr.
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Judul: Estimation Emissions of Carbon Dioxide (CO2) due  to Changes in Land Use in Lampung Province
Abstrak: Perubahan penggunaan lahan berkontribusi dalam peningkatan emisi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK). Peningkatan emisi GRK memicu pemanasan global yang menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan iklim. GRK yang memiliki persentase terbesar sebagai penyumbang emisi adalah karbondioksida (CO2). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi emisi CO2 berdasarkan perubahan penggunaan lahan dengan stock difference. Stock difference merupakan metode dalam menghitung emisi melalui perubahan cadangan karbon antara tahun periode awal dan akhir. Cadangan karbon diperoleh dari faktor emisi dan data aktivitas. Faktor emisi berasal dari kandungan karbon yang terdapat pada penutupan lahan dan data aktivitas diperoleh dari peta penggunaan lahan. Peta penggunaan lahan tahun 2003 dan 2013 yang digunakan dalam proyeksi pemodelan menggunakan Land Change Modeler (LCM) pada software Idrisi Selva. Proyeksi penggunaan lahan dengan Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) dan Markov Chain. Validasi hasil model menghasilkan akurasi Kappa sebesar 89% sehingga pemodelan dapat digunakan dalam proyeksi peta penggunaan lahan tahun 2030. Perhitungan emisi CO2 di Provinsi Lampung dengan periode 2003 ̶ 2013, 2013 ̶ 2020 dan 2020 ̶ 2030 menghasilkan nilai emisi berturut-turut sebesar 0,053 M Ton, 1,041 M Ton dan 4,925 M Ton. Penyumbang emisi CO2 terbesar yaitu perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan. Melalui nilai estimasi emisi CO2 dapat digunakan sebagai referensi dalam membuat mitigasi dalam penggunaan lahan sebagai upaya penurunan emisi., Land use change contributes to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Increased GHG emissions trigger global warming, leading to climate change. The GHG that has the largest percentage as a contributor to emissions is carbon dioxide (CO2). This research aims to estimate CO2 emissions based on land use change using stock difference. Stock difference is a method of calculating emissions through changes in carbon stocks between the initial and final period years. Carbon stocks are obtained from emission factors and activity data. Emission factors are derived from the carbon content of land cover and activity data are obtained from land use maps. The 2003 and 2013 land use maps used in the projection modeling used the Land Change Modeler (LCM) in Idrisi Selva software. Land use projection using Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) and Markov Chain. Validation of the model results resulted in Kappa accuracy of 89% so that the modeling can be used in the projection of land use maps in 2030. Calculation of CO2 emissions in Lampung Province with the period 2003 ̶2013, 2013 ̶2020 and 2020 ̶2030 resulted in emission values of 0.053 M Ton, 1.041 M Ton and 4.925 M Ton, respectively. The largest contributor to CO2 emissions is forest land use change. Through the estimated value of CO2 emissions can be used as a reference in making mitigation in land use as an effort to reduce emissions.
Keyword: emissions, carbon dioxide, idrisi selva, land change modeler, stock  difference

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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