Judul: Potensi mahkota dewa Phaleria macrocarpa sebagai antibakteri dan imunostimulan pada ikan patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus yang diinfeksi dengan Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Budidaya ikan patin dihadapkan pada kendala penyakit MAS (Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri A. hydrophila. Penyakit ini sering timbul sebagai wabah di Asia Tenggara sampai sekarang dan menimbulkan kematian yang tinggi pada ikan-ikan air tawar. Penggunaan antibiotik untuk penanggulangan penyakit bakterial secara terns menerus dan tidak terkontrol menyebabkan timbulnya resistensi bakteri. Karena itu, penanggulangan penyakit ikan sedang diarahkan pada penggunaan bahan-bahan alami yang terbukti baik dan rarnah lmgkungan. Mahkota dewa (MD) mernpakan salah satu tumbuhan di Indonesia yang banyak digunakan untuk pengobatan manusia. Zat-zat aktif yang terkandung dalam MD diketahui memiliki daya antibakteri dan dapat meningkatkan imun tubuh.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Ketapang Terminalia cattapa Untuk Pencegahan dan Pengobatan Ikan Patin Pangasiondon hypopthalamus Yang Terinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Ikan patin merupakan jenis ikan konsumsi air tawar dan dikenal sebagai komoditi yang berprospek cerah karena permintaan yang tinggi di masyarakat. Salah satu masalah yang menjadi ancaman dalam usaha budidayanya adalah penyakiy infeksi oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila yang menyebabkan penyakit MOtile aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS). Salah satu bahan alami yang berpotensi sebagai bahan antibakteri adalah daun ketapang. Zat kimia dalam ekstrak daun ketapang yang diduga bersifat antibakteri adalah tannin dan flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat efektifitas pemberian ekstrak daun ketapang sebagai zat anti bakteri terhadap bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila secara in vitro dan in vivo pada ikan patin Pangasionodon hypophthalmus.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm