Judul: Characteristics, Antioxidant and Antihypertensive Properties of Buffalo Milk Dangke with the Addition of Lactiplantibacillusplantarum subsp. plantarum IIA-1A5 asProbiotics during Cold Storage
Abstrak: Dangke adalah makanan tradisional khas Kabupaten Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan. Terbuat dari susu kerbau atau susu sapi yang digumpalkan dengan enzim papain getah buah pepaya. Pengembangan strain Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5 sebagai probiotik dalam berbagai produk makanan telah terbukti meningkatkan kandungan senyawa bioaktif diantaranya sifat antioksidan, agen antihipertensi, dan antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas fisik, mikrobiologi dan sifat fungsional dangke berupa antioksidan dan antihipertensi dengan penambahan Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5 pada taraf 0 % dan 10 % selama penyimpanan 0, 5 dan 10 hari pada suhu dingin (±4 °C). Hasil uji fisik menujukkan perbedaan signifikan pada dangke dengan penambahan Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5 sebanyak 10 % dan lama penyimpanan yang mampu meningkatkan nilai pH, menurunkan nilai TAT dan menurunkan nilai tekstur. Penambahan Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5 10 % pada dangke mampu menghambat dan menurunkan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen seperti E. coli dan S. aureus serta mampu meningkatkan nilai aktivitas antioksidan dan antihipertensi sebesar 83,45 % dan 45, 60 %. Berdasarkan hasil elektroforesis, profil protein berupa ß-kasein ditemukan pada berat molekul 29 kDa di susu kerbau dan ß-laktoglobulin ditemukan dalam dangke pada berat molekul 18 kDa akibat adanya protein kasein yang terhidrolisis., Dangke is a traditional food from South Sulawesi, especially Enrekang Regency, made from buffalo or cow milk coagulated with papaya fruit sap papain enzyme. The development of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5 as a probiotic in various food products has been shown to increase the content of bioactive compounds, such as antioxidants, antihypertensive agents, and antibacterials. This study aims to evaluate the physical, microbiological, functional quality of dangke in the form of antioxidant and antihypertensive properties with the addition of Lactiplantibacillua plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5 at the level of 0 % and 10 % during storage for 0, 5 and 10 days. The results of the physical test showed significant differences in dangke with the addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5 as much as 10 % and storage duration, which increase the pH value, decrease TAT value and were able to lower texture value. The addition of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5 10 % in dangke was able to inhibit and reduce the growth of pathogenic bacteria such as E. coli and S aureus and was able to increase the value of antioxidant and antihypertensive activity by 83.45 % and 45.60 %. Based on the electrophoresis results, the protein profile of ß-casein was found at a molecular weight of 29 kDa in buffalo milk, and ß-lactoglobulin was found in Dangke at a molecular weight of 18 kDa due to the presence of hydrolyzed casein protein.
Keyword: antihypertensive, antioxidant, dangke, Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum strain IIA-1A5.

Judul: Physical and Organoleptic Properties of Dangke with Different Pasteurization Mothods and Analysis of GMP and SSOP Processing Traditional Dangke
Abstrak: Dangke merupakan makanan khas dari daerah Enrekang, Sulawesi Selatan yang terbuat dari protein susu sapi atau susu kerbau yang digumpalkan dengan menggunakan getah pepaya atau enzim papain. Pemanasan berperan dalam proses koagulasi protein setelah ditambahkan enzim papain. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji sifat fisik dan organoleptik dangke yang diolah dengan metode pasteurisasi yang berbeda. Pembuatan dangke dalam penelitian menerapkan pasteurisasi HTST (72 oC, 15 detik), LTLT (63oC, 30 menit) dan kontrol (93oC, 2 menit) dengan penambahan papain segar 0,8%. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan untuk uji sifat fisik dan uji non-parametrik Kruskal-Wallis untuk uji organoleptik. Data yang diperoleh dievaluasi dengan menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA). Pengujian sifat fisik tiga parameter menunjukan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata untuk parammeter pH dan berbeda nyata untuk parameter rendemen dan total asam tertitrasi. Hasil uji sifat fisik hedonik menunjukan dangke yang paling disukai panelis yaitu kontrol kemudian HTST dan terahir LTLT dengan hasil uji anova yang berbeda nyata untuk semua parameter uji. Skor uji mutu hedonik menunjukan dangke yang disukai bertekstur kenyal, berwarna cerah dan tidak cerah, beraroma susu dan berasa khas dangke. Uji anova mutu hedonik menunjukan hasil yang berbeda nyata untuk semua parameter uji kecuali aroma. Kata kunci: dangke, pasteurisasi, papain, organoleptik, sifat fisik, Dangke is a typical food from the Enrekang area, South Sulawesi which is made from cow's milk protein or buffalo milk which is coagulated using papaya sap or papain enzymes. Heating plays a role in the protein coagulation process after adding the enzyme papain. This study aims to examine the physical and organoleptic properties of dangke processed with different pasteurization methods. Dangke making in this study applied HTST (72oC, 15 seconds), LTLT (63oC, 30 minutes) and control (93oC, 2 minutes) pasteurization with the addition of 0.8% fresh papain. The study was carried out in a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications for the physical properties test and the Kruskal-Wallis non-parametric test for the organoleptic test. The data obtained were evaluated using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The physical properties test for the three parameters showed results that were not significantly different for pH parameters and significantly different for the yield and total titrated acid parameters. The results of the hedonic physical properties test showed that the most favored dangke of the panelists was control, then HTST and finally LTLT with anova test results that were significantly different for all test parameters. The hedonic quality test score shows that the preferred dangke is chewy texture, bright and not bright, has a milky aroma and a distinctive taste of dangke. The hedonic quality anova test showed significantly different results for all test parameters except aroma. Keywords: dangke, pasteurisasi, papain, organoleptic, physical quality
Keyword: dangke, pasteurisasi, papain, organoleptic, physical quality

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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