Judul: Structural equation model to analyze children's creativity based on parenting style and school system
Abstrak: One of the problems in a social science is to formulate causal effects of immeasurable factors. Structural Equation Model (SEM) is a concept for modeling the unobserved factors using related indicators. In addition, SEM can indicate the relationship between several variables have not had directly measured. Childen's creativity, parenting style, and school system cannot be directly measured, some indicators are needed to analyze these variables. Permissive, authoritative, and authoritarian are knowed as indicators of parenting style. School system is measured by school environtment and learning method indicators. Figural and verbal skill measure children's creativity theoretically while self assessment is used as comparison. So the purpose of this research is to identifying the factors that may affect the level of children's creativity by using SEM. Structural equation model show children's creativity affected by school system and parenting style. All of school system indicators have significant influences to children's creativity and have positive influence. Parenting styles show only authoritative and authoritarian parenting style are significant, where authoritative parenting style has a positive influence, but on contrast authoritarian parenting style has a negative influence to children's creativity. Children's creativity reflected by figural and verbal skill while self assessment is an insignificance indicator.
Keyword: Structural Equation Model, Childrens Creativity, Parenting Style, School System

Judul: Influence of parenting style on students’ creativity in progressive and conventional elementary schools in Depok City
Abstrak: Creativity was very important. Family environment, such as parenting style, and school environment were predicted influencing creativity. Parenting style consists of authoritarian, authoritative, and permissive. Authoritative parenting style was predicted produce creative children. Likewise with the school environment, progressive school was also predicted produce creative students. Based on the statements above, the general purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of mothers’ parenting style on students’ creativity in progressive and conventional elementary schools in Depok City. The specific aims of this research were (1) to identify family and child characteristics, history of mothers’ parenting style, mothers’ parenting style, stimulation, mothers’ perception of the progressiveness, and students’ creativity level in the two types of schools, (2) to analyze the relationship between family and child characteristics, history of the mothers’ parenting style, mothers’ parenting styles, stimulation, mothers’ perception of the progressiveness, and students’ creativity, (3) to analyze the factors that affect creativity. It was a cross sectional study design which was conducted in two types of elementary schools in Depok City, progressive schools (3 schools) and conventional schools (2 schools). Schools were selected purposively and based on the Head of Education Office of Depok recommendation. This study was held in May and June 2012. Respondents were 4th and 5th grade students that were selected randomly from each school. The total sample was 150 students. Data was collected using questionnaires. History of mothers’ parenting styles and mothers’ parenting styles questionnaires were the same questionnaires that were modified from Parenting Practices Questionnaire (Robinson et al. 1995) and the Parental Authority Questionnaire (Bury 1991). Questionnaire of history of mothers’ parenting styles was filled by mothers, whereas questionnaire of mothers’ parenting style was filled by students. Creativity data was obtained by using the Figural Creativity Test (Munandar 2012a) and Verbal Creativity Test (Munandar 2012b). Data was analyzed by using t-test, Anova, Chi-Square, Pearson and Spearman, and also Ancova. Characteristics of the families of this study were two-thirds of mothers at early adulthood age in both types of schools. Based on Chi-Square test, there was significant relationship between mothers’ education level and types of schools. The average of total family income from progressive schools are higher than conventional schools and there was significant difference. Based on the number of children, families from progressive schools had more children than families from conventional schools and there was significant difference. The average age of students from progressive and conventional schools was 10.12 years old and 10.13 years old. More than half students of progressive schools were girls and more than half students of conventional schools were boys. Based on the results of the study, the majority of mothers from both types of schools apply the authoritative parenting style. Similarly, as seen from their parenting style, it turns out that the majority of the history of mothers’ parenting styles was authoritative too. Stimulation obtained by children through facilities at home and activities (extracurricular/course). Stimulation through facilities consisted of books, VCDs, many kinds of toys, sports, musical, and electronic equipment, and a map/atlas/globe. Results showed half of the students from progressive schools
Keyword: parenting style, creativity, conventional school, progressive school

Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
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