Judul: Formulation of Chicken Nugget with the Substitution of Chicken Liver as a Product of High Iron and Vitamin A for Female Adolescent
Abstrak: Adolescent is an important growth phase where there is an increase of nutritional needs in order to support body growths and developments towards maturity. Anemia and vitamin A deficiency are two of nutritional problems that occur in female adolescent caused by inadequate intake of nutrients (both macros and micros). Chicken nugget with chicken liver substitution is an alternative snack that can help increase of iron and vitamin A intake in female teenagers. This study aims to develop a chicken nugget product with chicken liver substitution, and analyze it is nutritional contents. This study used four formulations with different ratios of chicken meat and chicken liver used, namely F0 (100:0), F1 (95:5), F2 (90:10), and F3 (85:15). Organoleptic, physical characteristics test, and nutritional analysis showed that F2 was the selected formula. This selected formula contains 56.8% moisture content, 1.46% ash content, 14.66% protein, 6.5% fat, 12.92% carbohydrate, 16.39 mg iron, and 760.16 RE vitamin A . One serving size of chicken liver nugget is equivalent to 4 pieces of nuggets and it contributes about 168 kcal of energy/day. The selected formula have met the requirements of nutritional claim for protein source, low fat, and high iron and vitamin A content., Remaja merupakan fase kehidupan yang penting dimana terjadi peningkatan kebutuhan gizi dalam rangka menunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tubuh menuju kedewasaan. Anemia dan Kekurangan Vitamin A (KVA) merupakan dua masalah gizi yang terjadi pada remaja putri yang disebabkan oleh asupan zat gizi (baik makro maupun mikro) yang inadekuat. Naget ayam dengan substitusi hati ayam merupakan salah satu alternatif makanan selingan yang dapat membantu meningkatkan asupan zat besi dan vitamin A pada remaja putri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangan serta menganalisis kandungan gizi produk naget berbahan dasar hati ayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat formulasi dengan perbandingan daging ayam dan hati ayam yang berbeda, yakni F0 (100:0), F1 (95:5), F2 (90:10), dan F3 (85:15). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik dan analisis kandungan gizi, F2 ditetapkan sebagai formula terpilih. Naget formulasi terpilih mengandung kadar air 56,8%, kadar abu 1,46%, protein 14,66%, lemak 6,5%, karbohidrat 12,92%, zat besi 16,39 mg, serta vitamin A 760,16 RE. Satu takaran saji naget hati ayam setara dengan 4 potong naget serta memberikan kontribusi 168 kkal dari energi sehari. Naget hati ayam formulasi terpilih memenuhi syarat klaim sebagai produk sumber protein, rendah lemak, serta tinggi zat besi dan vitamin A.
Keyword: chicken liver, female adolescent, iron, nugget, vitamin A

Judul: Development of Chicken Nugget Products with Additional Chicken Bone Flour as a Food Product Source of Calcium
Abstrak: Di Indonesia rata-rata asupan kalsium anak usia 12 tahun yaitu sebanyak 234,46 mg per hari, jumlah tersebut masih tergolong kurang apabila dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan gizi sebesar 1200 mg per hari (Kemenkes 2019). Pada masa remaja juga terdapat puncak pertumbuhan massa tulang (peak bone mass) yang menyebabkan kebutuhan gizi menjadi sangat tinggi bahkan lebih tinggi daripada fase kehidupan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk nugget ayam dengan menambahkan tepung tulang ayam sebagai produk nugget sumber kalsium untuk remaja. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan November 2020 sampai Maret 2021. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan tepung tulang ayam, perancangan formula nugget, pembuatan nugget, uji organoleptik, penentuan formula terpilih nugget, analisis proksimat, analisis kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium, serta perhitungan kontribusi zat gizi nugget formula terpilih. Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik (uji hedonik dan uji ranking), maka formula nuuget dengan substitusi tepung tulang ayam sebanyak 10% merupakan formula terpilih. Hasil analisis kadar kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium yang terkandung pada nugget F1 sebesar 850,60 mg/100 g dan 78,12 mg/100 g. Formula nugget terpilih memberikan kontribusi protein sebesar 18,4−27,6% dan kalsium sebesar 40,3% terhadap AKG remaja., In Indonesia, the average calcium intake of children aged 12 years is 234.46 mg per day. This is still less than the daily recommendation, 1200 mg per day (Kemenkes 2019). In adolescence there is also a peak bone mass that causes the nutritional needs to be very high even higher than the other phases of life. This study aimed to develop chicken nugget products supplemented by adding chicken bone meal as a nugget product source of calcium for adolescents. The research was performed from November 2020 until March 2021. The research started from the processing of chicken bone flour, nugget formulation, production of nugget, sensory evaluation, determination of selected formulas, nutrient analysis, calcium analysis, calcium bioavailability determination, and the calculation of nutritional contribution of selected formula nuggets. Based on the results of sensory evaluation (hedonic acceptance tests and preference ranking tests), the selected formula was the formula using 10% chicken bone meal substitution. The analysis results of calcium levels and calcium bioavailability contained in selected formula was 850.60 mg /100 g and 78,12 % respectively. The selected nugget formula contributes 18.4−27.6% of protein and calcium by 40.3% to adolescent RDA.
Keyword: calcium, chicken bone, chicken nugget, fortification, hidden malnutritions

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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