Judul: Identifikasi cendawan kontaminan pada bibit dan uji interaksinya dengan miselium jamur merang (Volvariella volvaceae (Bull. ex Fr.) Singer
Abstrak: Bibit merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam usaha peningkatan produksi jamur merang. Sejak lama pembibitan jamur merang sering mengalami kegagalan yang disebabkan oleh cendawan-cendawan kontaminan. Cendawan tersebut dapat tumbuh menutupi miselium pada bibit jamur merang dan bahkan dapat terbawa sampai pada bedengan pertanaman. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengidentifikasi cendawan yang sering mengkontaminasi bibit jamur merang dan menguji interaksinya serta mengukur besarnya penghambatan terhadap pertumbuhan koloni V. volvacea secara in vitro. Bibit jamur merang yang digunakan berasal dari Bekasi, Bogor dan Sukabumi. Cendawan-cendawan kontaminan yang berhasil diisolasi kemudian diidentifikasi. Masing-masing cendawan kontaminan ditumbuhkan bersama koloni V. volvacea pada satu cawan Petri yang berisi PDA. Setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap hari selama satu minggu.
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Judul: Produksi dua isolat jamur merang ( volvariella volvacea ( Bull. ex Fr. ) Sing. ) dengan beberapa substrat bibit
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan dua macam isolat jamur merang dan substrat bibit dari merang, jerami padi, daun teh, daun gamal dan daun kemlandingan. Untuk substrat bibit produksi merang dan jerami padi, potongan merang atau jerami ditambah dengan 1% kapur, sedangkan untuk daun teh, daun gamal dan daun kemlandingan ditambah dengan 10% kapur. Hal ini dimaksudkan untuk menaikkan pH substrat. Budidaya jamur merang dilakukan pada kompos jerami padi, dengan komposisi jerami kering 1000 kg, dedak. 80 kg dan kapur 20 kg mengikuti cara yang umum dilakukan. Kedua isolat yang digunakan memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda produksi jamur merang selama panen produktif, isolat I, sebesar 2569 g/m² dan isolat 12 sebesar 2019 g/m². Isolat I lebih tinggi 27% dibanding 12. Produksi jamur merang selama panen produktif dengan menggunakan substrat daun teh adalah paling tinggi sebesar 2889 g/m², diikuti jerami padi 2518 g/m², merang 2438 g/m², daun gamal 1867 g/m² dan daun kemlandingan 1703 g/m².
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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