Judul: Differences in the Characteristics of Agar Flour
Content of Gracilaria sp. from Karawang at different cultivation locations
Abstrak: Rumput laut Gracilaria sp. merupakan salah satu bahan baku yang umum digunakan dalam pembuatan agar-agar. Bentuk sediaan bahan baku yang dapat dihasilkan dari rumput laut Gracilaria sp. adalah tepung agar. Tepung agar pada penelitian ini dihasilkan melalui metode ekstraksi dari Rumput laut Gracilaria sp. hasil tambak budidaya yang berbeda didaerah Karawang, yaitu Neglasari, Tambaksari, dan Saca. Analisis tepung agar dilakukan untuk menentukan kualitas tepung dengan melihat parameter kualitas air, kualitas proksimat, kualitas agar dan Total Plate Count (TPC). Hasil parameter kualitas air antara lain nilai pH yang memiliki nilai berkisar 7,2 hingga 8,2. Salinitas yang memiliki nilai berkisar antara 17,7 - 23,7 ‰. Suhu berada pada 32,6 – 33,4 ?. Nilai kecerahan berkisar pada 26 – 54. Kadar fosfat berkisar 1,88 - 3,23 mg/L. Kadar nitrat 1,31 – 2,45 mg/L. Hasil parameter proksimat tepung agar Gracilaria sp.. antara lain kadar air berkisar 13,99 – 15,27 %. Kadar abu berkisar 3,29 – 3,68 %. Kadar protein berkisar 6,30 – 7,54 %. Kadar lemak berkisar 0,48 – 0,55. Serat kasar berkisar 4,02 - 5,95 %. Hasil parameter kualitas agar antara lain nilai rendemen berkisar 30,5 – 53,2 %. Kekuatan gel berkisar 245,4 – 328,4 g/cm2. Viskositas berkisar 13,4 – 23,5. Kadar sulfat berkisar 3,53 – 5,88 %. Analisis TPC memiliki nilai pada lokasi Neglasari sebesar 0,73 x 103 koloni/gram, lokasi tambaksari sebesar 1,10 x 103 koloni/gram, lokasi Saca sebesar 0,67 x 103 koloni/gram. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu tepung agar dari lokasi Neglasari dengan karakteristik total rendemen, kadar protein dan serat kasarnya yang paling tinggi, kadar air yang sesuai standar SNI, dan kekuatan gel yang sesuai dengan literatur., Seaweed Gracilaria sp. is one of the raw materials commonly used in making agar-agar. The dosage form of raw materials that can be produced from seaweed Gracilaria sp. is agar flour. Agar flour in this research was produced using an extraction method from Gracilaria sp. seaweed. the results of different cultivation ponds in the Karawang area, namely Neglasari, Tambaksari, and Saca. Agar flour analysis is carried out to determine the quality of the flour by looking at the parameters of water quality, proximate quality, agar quality and Total Plate Count (TPC). The results of water quality parameters included the pH value, which ranged from 7.2 to 8.2. The temperature was at 32.6 – 33.4 ?. Brightness values ranged from 26 to 54. Phosphate levels ranged from 1.88 to 3.23 mg/L. Nitrate levels ranged from 1.31 to 2.45 mg/L. Results of proximate parameters of Gracilaria sp. agar flour included water content ranging from 13.99 to 15.27%. Ash content ranged from 3.29 to 3.68%. Protein content ranged from 6.30 to 7.54%. Fat content ranged from 0.48 to 0.55%. Crude fiber ranged from 4.02 to 5.95%. The results of agar quality parameters included yield values ranging from 30.5 to 53.2%. Gel strength ranged from 245.4 to 328.4 g/cm². Viscosity ranged from 13.4 to 23.5. Sulfate levels ranged from 3.53 to 5.88%. TPC analysis had a value for the Neglasari location of 0.73 x 10³ CFU/g, the Tambaksari location of 1.10 x 10³ CFU/g, and the Saca location of 0.67 x 10³
Keyword: Ekstraksi, Kualitas, rumput laut, Agar, Gracilaria sp

Judul: Mempelajari sifat fisiko kimia tepung agar-agar dari rumput laut
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kondisi ekstraksi terbaik dan mempelajari pengaruh jenis rumput laut dan konsentrasi KCl terhadap sifat fisiko kimia tepung agar-agar. Ekstraksi agar-agar dilakukan dengan modifikasi metode Matsuhashi (1977). Proses ekstraksi meliputi pencucian rumput laut, perendaman dalam kaporit 0.25% selama 2 jam, perendaman dalam asam asetat 3%, penetralan dengan Na2CO3, ekstraksi, penambahan KCl dan diatomit, penyaringan, pendinginan, pembekuan, pengeringan dan penggilingan. Kondisi ekstraksi terbaik untuk Gracilaria sp, ialah perendaman dalam asam asetat 3% selama 3 jam, kemudian diekstrak selama 1.5 jam dengan volume air pengekstrak 20 kali berat bahan. Rumput laut yang digunakan ialah Gracilaria sp., Gelidium sp. dan campurannya dengan perbandingan 25%:75%, 50%:50% dan 25%:75%. Konsentrasi KCl yang digunakan ialah 0.3%, 0.4% dan 0.5% (b/v). Ekstraksi Gracilaria sp. 100% dengan penambahan KC1 0.4% menghasilkan tepung agar-agar dengan rendemen, kekuatan gel, derajat putih, dan kesukaan pada warna serta tekstur tertinggi.
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Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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