Judul: Ekstrasi Minyak Kelapa secara Enzimatis : Analisis Sifat Fisiko Kimia Minyak serta Evaluasi Sifat Fungsinal dan Nilai Gizi Residu Padatan
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisiko kimia minyak serta sifat fungsional dan nilai gizi protein residu padatan yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi secara enzimatis . Ekstraksi minyak secara enzimatis merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mendapatkan minyak kelapa yang bermutu tinggi dan sekaligus residu yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber protein manusia.
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Judul: Mempelajari ekstraksi minyak kelapa secara enzimatis dan penggunaan produk hasil hidrolisis minyak kelapa dalam pembuatan roti
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari proses produksi minyak kelapa secara enzimatis dan mengolah minyak kelapa secara hidrolisis menjadi komponen-komponen nya dalam rangka usaha meningkatkan kegunaan minyak kelapa, serta menggunakan minyak kelapa sebagai bahan tambahan dalam pembuatan roti. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Balai Percontohan Pengolahan Hasil Pertanian dan Pusat Pengembangan Teknologi Pangan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dan terdiri atas empat tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu pr-oses ekstraksi minyak kelapa menggunakan enzim-enzim bromelin, alfa amilase dan pektinase. Perlakuan yang dicoba pada tahap ini yaitu : suhu ekstraksi berturut-turut 35,45·aan 55"C; keasaman (pH) selama ekstraksi 4.0, 5.5 dan 7.0 serta waktu ekstraksi selama 30, 45 dan 60 menit. Konsentrasi enzim bromelin dan alfa amilase yang digunakan adalah 0.5 persen (berat/ volume) sedangkan enzim pektinase 0.1 persen (berat/volume). Rendemen minyak kelapa tertinggi yaitu 81.44 persen diperoleh dari kombinasi perlakuan suhu ekstraksi 45"C, diperoleh dari kombinasi perlakuan suhu ekstraksi 45"C , pH 5.5 dan waktu ekstraksi selama 60 menit. Rendemen minyak terendah yaitu 43.98 persen diperoleh dari kombinasi perlakuan suhu ekstraksi 35 ° C, pH ekstraksi 7.0 dan waktu ekstraksi selama 30 menit. ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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