Judul: Analysis of bioactive compounds as wide Spectrum antimiccrobial from sponge associated bacteria from Haliclona sp.
Abstrak: Senyawa antimikrob berspektrum luas dari enam isolat yang berasosiasi dengan spons Haliclona sp. diekstrak menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Keenam isolat tersebut adalah HAA-02, HAA-07, HAL-08, HAL-10, HAL-20, dan HAL-23. Ekstrak kasar bakteri tersebut kemudian diuji aktivitasnya terhadap beberapa mikrob patogen dan non patogen. Hasilnya sebagian ekstrak kasar isolat bakteri marin tersebut memiliki aktivitas hambatan terhadap S. aureus, EPEC, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, dan C. albicans. Konsentrasi hambatan minimum (MIC) dari supernatan bakteri marin tersebut berkisar antara 12,5% hingga 100%. Hasil kromatografi lapis tipis dibawah sinar UV 365 nm menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing isolat bakteri marin memiliki fraksi yang aktif menghambat P. aeruginosa melalui uji bioautografi. Dua dari enam isolat membawa gen poliketida synthase (PKS) dan lima dari enam isolat membawa gen nonribosomal peptide syntethase (NRPS).
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Judul: Sponge-associated Bacteria Producing Antimicrobial Compounds and their Genetic Diversity Analysis
Abstrak: Bacteria associated with the marine sponge Haliclona sp. from the coastal region of Waigeo Island were screened for antimicrobial activities using the agar-overlay method. There were 125 bacterial isolates recovered and were subjected to antimicrobial screening for antibiotic production against five test bacterial strains, viz., Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), Pseudomonas aeruginosa and two fungal pathogen, viz., Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. A total of 39 (31%) bacterial strains were found to be antimicrobial producers; however, 15 (38%) of these active strains were eliminated based on the results of Hemolytic Test. The remaining 24 isolates were further analyzed by amplified ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) to assess their genetic diversity and results obtained revealed eight phylotypes. There were nine isolates that were exhibiting wide spectrum of activities against the test strain. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of the nine strains was determined and three strains (HAL13, HAL74, and HAA01) showed bactericidal effects. Bacterial extracts were obtained using n-butanol and were subjected to bioactivity assay and TLC autobiography overlay assay. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the nine strains belong to the genus Bacillus. The isolation of sponge associated bacteria possessing inhibitory activity against clinical pathogenic strains suggests that they could be potential sources of novel marine natural products.
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Judul: Perubahan Penggunaan/Tutupan Lahan Tahun 1990-2005 dan Proyeksi Perubahan Tahun 2020-2035 di Kawasan Jabodetabek
Abstrak: Rapid population and economic activities growths in Jabodetabek cause more demand for urbanization. People tend to convert their land to land uses that provide higher land rent. This research aims to describe land use/cover change in the Jabodetabek region from 1990 to 2005, to analyze the spatial pattern of land use/cover changes in the Jabodetabek region from 1990 to 2005, and to forecast the land use/cover for 2020 and 2035. The results of this study show that the land use/cover in 1990, 1995, and 2005 was dominated by paddy field, which were respectively 256.757 Ha (37.7%), 258.638 ha (37.9%), and 254.670 ha (37.4%). In that period, the paddy field was also experiencing the largest land use/cover conversion into other uses. Meanwhile, the built-up area experiencing the largest increase, reached 92.604 ha in 2005. Jabodetabek area in 2020 is expected to be dominated by paddy fields as well as as built-up, whereas in the year 2035, built-up area to be the largest land use/cover areas in Jabodetabek region. Forest area, water bodies, paddy field as well as other agricultural uses will continue to decrease since 2005. On the other side, in the built up 2020 and 2035 the built up areas will continue to increase. The largest type of land use/cover change in Jabodetabek region is the conversion of paddy field in built-up area.
Keyword: Land use forecast, Land use/cover change, Jabodetabek region