Judul: The Regional Economic Model for Cocoa Beans Commodity of Central Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: The aim of the study was to develop a model for the economy of Central Sulawesi Province that bases on cocoa beans commodity Methods of analysis used were R/C ratio, significance test, production function, scale analysis, price efficiency analysis, game theory, logit model, S-C-P model, marketing margin analysis, fixed effect model, constant market share, shift share analysis, Gini ratio, and Theil Index. Data used were time series data 1985 – 2008 by regency about cocoa, population, prices and consumer price index, GDRP, income and its distribution, GDP and population of Malaysia and USA. Furthermore primary data were used too. It was taken by purposive and un-proportional stratified random sampling technique, so that 160 farmers and 46 traders were interviewed. The study developed a model for Sulteng economy that bases cocoa beans commodity. Based on the model, the effect of demand side has been dominated growth of the region economy. On the contrary, in the world economic crisis, the supply side can be traded on. The study recommended (i) program of empowerment for farmers in field of market information; (ii) program of development for marketing institutional of cocoa beans at farm level; (iii) the export volume of cocoa beans to Malaysia shall be increased, so the subsidy policy for factor inputs indirectly like in the Cocoa Gernas Program shall be maintained until condition of farmers stand alone financially; (iv) the economic growth that was pushed by supply side shall be increased by planning of regional economic growth that base cocoa beans. The planning will empty into a training program of cultivation technology, time after cocoa harvest (pascapanen), and cocoa institutional. Finally, some continuation studies that will be made compulsory are (i) participatory research for model development of the cocoa marketing institutional at farm level; (ii) experimental research (game theory) for verifying institutional conclusions of this study; (iii) simulation study that will refer to natural resources (agro-ecology); and (iv) revision study for the regional economy model of cocoa beans that was developed in this study, especially block model II.
Keyword: model ekonomi, ekonomi wilayah, komoditi kakao biji, sulawesi tengah

Judul: The Role of Cocoa Sector in The Indonesian Economy: An Input-Output Analysis
Abstrak: Agriculture is a potential sector in supporting economy and national income. This is because Indonesia has a comparative advantage. The agricultural land is still widespread and most people still rely on agriculture for their livelihood, and agriculture is a renewable business. So that this sector can stand for an indefinite period. This agriculture is including livestock farming, forestry, fisheries, and tree crop. One of Indonesia's agricultural commodities are cocoa. Cocoa is one of tree crop commodity sector that have a vital role to the national economy. Cocoa is one of Indonesia's main export commodities in producing national wealth. The existence of Indonesia as a major of cocoa producer in the world shows that Indonesian cocoa is feasible to count and have a chance to dominate the global market. The research objectives are to analyze the role of the cocoa sector in the Indonesian Economy (intermediate demand and final demand), gross value added, and the structure of exports and imports; analyze forward linkage and backward linkages; analyze coefficient of dispersion and sensitivity of dispersion; and analyze output multiplier and income multiplier effect seen from the cocoa sector in the national economy. The data used in this research is a secondary data. The data used were derived from the Input - Output Table of Indonesia domestic transactions on the basis of producer prices in 2005, 175 sector classification from Statistics Indonesia which is then aggregated into 22 sectors. Several other secondary data obtained from government agencies and other relevant agencies. The use of Input - Output Table of Indonesia in 2005 is due to a new table for this study took place. Data is processed by utilizing Input-Output Analysis for Practitioners (IOAP) Complementary Version 1.0.1. and Microsoft Excel. The results shows that the cocoa sector has a positive contribution to the establishment of Indonesia's GDP. Cocoa sector has a backward linkage higher than the forward linkage. This suggests that the cocoa sector has a greater ability to output to be used as inputs in other sectors than the output of the cocoa sector to be used as input for other sectors. Cocoa sector has a coefficient value higher than the sensitivity dispersion. This suggests that the cocoa sector increase its upstream sector highly than the downstream sector. Based on the analysis of output and income multipliers can be concluded that the cocoa sector has a considerable multiplier effect on economic output and incomes in all sectors of the economy in Indonesia. Cocoa sector is ranked the 20th priority sector. While the first priority sector is other tree crops sector.
Keyword: Cocoa, Indonesian Economy, Input-Output Analysis

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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