Judul: Potensi Kandidat Obat Sintetik terhadap Inhibisi Protein Antiapoptosis dengan Pendekatan Simulasi Molekuler
Abstrak: Proses perkembangan senyawa obat termasuk untuk terapi kanker berjalan tidak dalam waktu yang singkat. Simulasi molekuler dengan bantuan perangkat komputer mampu mempermudah penelitian yang rumit dan mempersingkat waktu untuk beberapa bidang tertentu. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk analisis interaksi senyawa-senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai obat terapi anti kanker dengan memanfaatkan penerapan kimia komputasi pada senyawa yang masih dalam tahap pengujian dengan pendekatan simulasi molekular dan berdasarkan perubahan energi bebas Gibbs, interaksi hidrogen, dan tetapan inhibisi. Sebanyak 14 kandidat senyawa inhibitor sel kanker yang diujikan ialah Idelalisib, IPI-145, NVP-BEZ235, BKM-120, BYL-719, GDC-0941, GDC-0980, PX-866, PF-04691502, BAY-80-6946, XL-765, XL-147, GSK2126458, dan ZSTK474. Masing-masing ligan didocking dengan 8 protein antiapoptosis, yaitu PI3K, AKT, mTOR, P38, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, BAD, dan P70. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian senyawa kandidat terbaik ialah BAY-80-6946 yang mampu menginhibisi AKT, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, dan BAD.
Keyword: Antiapoptosis, docking, simulasi molekuler, validasi docking

Judul: Modifikasi Secara In Silico terhadap Senyawa Kapsaisin Sebagai Inhibitor Protein Antiapoptosis Bcl-2 pada Sel Kanker Pankreas
Abstrak: Kanker pankreas merupakan penyakit yang mematikan karena penderita kanker ini sulit dideteksi sejak dini. Mekanisme terjadinya kanker pankreas terjadi dengan berbagai macam mekanisme, salah satunya ialah melalui protein Bcl-2. Navitoclax (ABT-263) menjadi satu-satunya obat yang masih dalam tahapan praklinis yang terbukti dapat menginhibisi protein Bcl-2, namun, belum memenuhi aturan lipinski. Modifikasi senyawa kapsaisin merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan efektivitas antikanker kapsaisin. Metode docking digunakan untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas senyawa turunan hasil modifikasi. Parameter-parameter percobaan yang digunakan meliputi perubahan energi bebas Gibbs (ΔG), tetapan inhibisi (Ki), ikatan hidrogen, aturan Lipinski, dan toksisitas ligan. Berdasarkan parameter tersebut senyawa hasil modifikasi nomor 89 memiliki potensi antikanker yang hampir sama seperti ABT-263.
Keyword: kanker, kapsaisin, lipinski, bcl-2

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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