Judul: Inhibitory activity of bacteria isolated from digestive track of chicken broiler against Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. at several growth media, aeration, pH, and temperature
Abstrak: This research aim to study the Inhibition activity of bacteria isolated from digestive track chicken broiler against Echerichia coli and Salmonella sp. at several growth media, aeration, pH and temperature. Isolation of digestive track broiler bacteria was conducted by using Nutrient Agar (NA) media at pH 7.0 and pH 4.5. The isolates were assayed against Echerichia coli and Salmonella sp. The isolates which showed inhibition capability were selected, microscopically identified, Gram stained and used for further assay The inhibitory activity of selected isolates was examined using De Man Ragosa (MRS ) and Tripton Glucosa Yeast Extract (TGY) media, with and without agitation. The selected media wasthen modified with molasses and soybean meal assource of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The stability of inhibitory activity was examined at five levels of temperature (25 degrees celcius, 30 degrees celcius, 37 degrees celcius, 40 degrees celcius, 50 degrees celcius), and seven pH levels (3.0,4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0). The selected isolates were also enzimatically assayed for amylase, protease, lipase, and cellulose activity. The results showed that 7n isolate produced the highest inhibition activity against E. coli and Salmonella enteric. For E coli strong inhibition showed by 7n isolate at MRS modified media, pH 6.0-8.0, and temperature at 370 C, and similar condition applied also for EPEC K1-1, except the highest inhibition occured at 500 C. For Salmonella enteric growth inhibition by 7n isolate was obtained using MRS modified media, pH 5, and temperature at 300 C. For other Salmonella subsp.2 small inhibition by 34n occurred at both MRS and TGY modified at pH 4.0-5.0 and temperature at 37 degrees celcius. Both 7n and 34 isolates showed amylase, protease, lipase and cellulose activity. The results indicate that both isolates have their potency to be developed as probiotics, served as feed additive. The isolates are expected can function as growth promoter through their antibacterial and degrading enzymes activities. Keywords: chicken broiler bacteria, antibacterial activity, E. coli, Salmonella sp., MRS modified media, pH, temperature, degrading enzyme
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Judul: Gambaran Sel Darah Putih dan Total Mikroba Ileum pada Broiler yang Diberi Air Minum Mengandung Probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp.
Abstrak: Penggunaan AGP (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) untuk memacu pertumbuhan dalam bidang peternakan sudah tidak diperbolehkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. sebagai pengganti AGP (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) pada status kesehatan yang meliputi jumlah leukosit, diferensiasi leukosit, dan total mikroba di usus ileum ayam broiler. Probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. adalah bakteri hidup yang dimasukkan ke saluran pencernaan ayam agar dapat menjaga ayam broiler tetap sehat dengan menjaga keseimbangan mikroflora dalam usus. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 300 ayam broiler yang dibagi menjadi 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yakni P0 (kontrol), P1 (P0 + AGP (Zinc Bacitracin 0.04%), dan P2 (P0 + probiotik). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varians (ANOVA) oleh program perangkat lunak SPSS versi 20.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. larut air minum (P2) sangat signifikan (P <0.01) dapat meningkatkan populasi bakteri asam laktat dan total bakteri tetapi tidak mempengaruhi populasi bakteri Coliform dan Salmoneform di dalam usus ileum ayam broiler. Penggunaan probiotik larut air minum Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. tidak memiliki efek signifikan (P> 0.05) pada jumlah leukosit dan diferensiasi leukosit tetapi masih dalam kisaran normal., The use of AGP (Antibiotics Growth Promoter) in animal husbandry the use of AGP in poultry farming has been banned since 2018. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics. as a subtitute of AGP on health status of broiler chicken which indicated by the number of leukocytes, differentiation of leukocytes, and total microbes in the ileal intestinal of birds. Probiotics that containing of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. are live bacteria that are entered into the digestive tract to keep chikens healthy by maintaining the balance of intestinal microflora. In this research a total number of 300 chikens were randomly divided into 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were P0 (control), P1 (P0 + AGP (Zinc Bacitracin 0.04%), and P2 (P0 + probiotics). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by SPSS software program version 20.0. The results showed that the use of water soluble probiotics that contain Lactobacillus v sp. and Bacillus sp. (P2) very significantly (P<0.01) increased the population of lactic acid bacteria and total bacteria but it did not have an affect the population of Coliform and Salmoneform bacteria in the ileal intestinal of broiler chinkens. Then, the use of drinking water soluble probiotics had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the number of leukocytes and differentiation of leukocytes but still in the normal range.
Keyword: Broiler, probiotic, leukocytes, total microbes

Judul: Pelabelan Total Even Vertex Magic pada Graf Matahari dan Disjoint Union dari Graf Cycles
Abstrak: simpul adalah pelabelan total vertex magic dengan memasangkan himpunan simpul ke himpunan bilangan bulat genap {2,4,6, … , 2���������}. Karya ilmiah ini menunjukkan syarat cukup dari graf matahari ���������������������������( ���������) memiliki pelabelan total even vertex magic adalah ��������� ≥ 3, dan menunjukkan syarat cukup dan syarat perlu pada disjoint union dari graf cycles ��������������������������� memiliki pelabelan total even vertex magic adalah ��������� dan ��������� bilangan bulat ganjil.
Keyword: disjoint union dari graf cycles, even vertex magic, graf matahari, graf matahari, pelabelan total