Judul: Studi Tanaman  Obat Asia untuk Trikomoniasis pada Merpati
Abstrak: Trikomoniasis unggas adalah infeksi Trichomonas gallinae, suatu endoparasit protozoa berflagel yang menginfeksi saluran pencernaan bagian atas kolumbid. Penyakit parasit ini umum pada merpati balap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ketersediaan pengobatan alternatif berupa tanaman obat untuk mengurangi T. gallinae pada burung merpati. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dan ditelaah dari artikel jurnal akses terbuka bahasa inggris atau terjemahan bahasa inggris yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2004 hingga 2022. Data yang diperoleh diidentifikasi, dikompilasi dan hasilnya disimpulkan secara grafis dan deskriptif. Analisis lebih lanjut dilakukan pada senyawa aktif dari tanaman obat yang dibahas untuk menentukan karakteristik antitrikomonalnya. Penelitian ini mempelajari efektivitas tanaman obat seperti Artemisia sieberi, Centella asiatica, Persicaria hydropiper, Psidium guajava, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Murraya koenigii, Zingiber officinale dan Curcumin longa dalam mengurangi infeksi T. gallinae pada merpati sebaik dibandingkan dengan obat antiprotozoal komersial. Tanaman obat tersebut diperlukan untuk mengurangi mortalitas dan morbiditas merpati., Avian trichomoniasis is the infection of Trichomonas gallinae, a flagellated protozoan endoparasite which infects the upper digestive tract of columbids. This parasitic disease is common in racing pigeons. This study aimed to study the availability of alternative treatment in form of medicinal plants in treating trichomoniasis in pigeons. This study was conducted using secondary data obtained and reviewed from english or english translated open access journal articles published between 2004 to 2022. The data obtained were identified, compiled and the results were concluded both graphically and descriptively. Further analyses were made on the active compounds of the medicinal plants discussed to determine its antitrichomonal characteristics. This paper studies the effectivity of medicinal plants such as Artemisia sieberi, Centella asiatica, Persicaria hydropiper, Psidium guajava, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Murraya koenigii, Zingiber officinale and Curcumin longa in reducing T. gallinae infection in pigeons while being compared to commercially available antiprotozoal drugs. These medicinal plants are needed to reduce mortality and morbidity of pigeons.
Keyword: Canker, Herbs, Medicinal plants, Pigeon, Trichomoniasis

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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