Judul: Analysis of the Impact and Carrying Capacity of the White Sand Beach Tourism Area of Wates, Rembang Regency Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Covid-19 berdampak pada berbagai kegiatan ekonomi di Indonesia salah satunya sektor pariwisata. Pantai Pasir Putih Wates merupakan salah satu wisata yang terdampak Covid-19. Penerapan protokol kesehatan dilaksanakan guna membatasi jumlah pengunjung sesuai daya dukung kawasan wisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini; (1) menganalisis dampak lingkungan dan ekonomi wisata Pantai Pasir Putih Wates akibat Covid-19, (2) menghitung daya dukung kawasan sesuai protokol kesehatan di kawasan wisata Pantai Pasir Putih Wates, (3) menganalisis strategi pengelolaan wisata Pantai Pasir Putih Wates pasca pandemi. Metode yang digunakan yaitu SNI 19-3964-1994 untuk perhitungan timbulan sampah, multiplier effect, analisis daya dukung fisik (PCC), serta Analytical Hierarchy Process. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi pengurangan jumlah sampah yang dihasilkan dari aktivitas wisata selama pandemi. Setelah terjadi pandemi, keynesian income multiplier mengalami penurunan (2%), sedangkan ratio income multiplier tipe I dan II mengalami kenaikan masing-masing sebesar 7% dan 9%. Daya dukung kawasan wisata sebelum pandemi pada weekday, weekend, hari libur, hari raya idul fitri, natal, dan tahun baru berada pada under carrying capacity. Saat pandemi pada weekday, weekend, dan hari libur berada pada under carrying capacity, namun pada hari raya idul fitri, natal, dan tahun baru berada pada over carrying capacity. Prioritas strategi pengelolaan wisata pasca pandemi adalah peningkatan sarana dan prasarana., The Covid-19 in Indonesia affected various economic activities in Indonesia, including tourism. The Pasir Putih Wates Beach is one of the major tourist attractions affected by Covid-19. Health regulations is applied to limiting the number of visitors. The purpose of this study are (1) to analyze the environmental and economic impact of Pasir Putih Wates Beach due to the Covid-19, (2) to calculate carrying capacity according to health protocols in the Pasir Putih Wates Beach, (3) to analyze management strategy of the Pasir Putih Wates Beach tourism after the pandemic. The methods used are SNI 19-3964-1994 to estimate waste generation, multiplier effect to calculate economic impact, physical carrying capacity (PCC), as well as Analytical Hierarchy Process. Based on the result, the amount of tourism waste are reduced during pandemic. During pandemic condition, multiplier is decreased (2%), while the ratio of type I- and II-income multipliers is increased by 7% and 9% respectively. Tourism activity in Pasir Putih Wates Beach before the pandemic is under carrying capacity. During the pandemic, on weekends, and holidays are under carrying capacity, but Ied Al Fitri, Christmas, and New Year holidays are over carrying capacity. The priority of post- pandemic tourism management strategies is the improvement of facilities and infrastructure.
Keyword: AHP, multiplier effect, carrying capacity, tourism waste

Judul: Analisis Dampak Ekonomi dan Strategi Pengelolaan Wisata yang Adaptif Pasca Covid-19 di Pulau Pahawang Lampung
Abstrak: Covid-19 memberikan dampak buruk bagi pariwisata di Indonesia. Tekanan pada industri pariwisata sangat terlihat dengan penurunan yang besar pada jumlah wisatawan. Akibat adanya kebijakan pembatasan menyebabkan kunjungan wisata mengalami penurunan. Kawasan wisata Pulau Pahawang merupakan wisata unggulan di Lampung dan lokasi wisata ini menjadi lokasi sumber mata pencaharian masyarakat sekitar, namun dengan adanya Covid-19 memberikan dampak buruk bagi kegiatan wisata. Berdasarkan hal tersebut penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis dampak ekonomi yang timbul sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 di Kawasan Wisata Pulau Pahawang; (2) mengestimasi daya dukung kawasan wisata Pulau Pahawang sebelum dan saat pandemi, (3) menganalisis strategi adaptif pengelolaan kawasan wisata Pulau Pahawang akibat pandemi. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah multiplier effect, daya dukung fisik, dan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hadirnya pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier mengalami penurunan dan nilainya kurang dari satu sehingga memberikan dampak yang rendah. Sementara itu Ratio Income Multiplier tipe I dan II mengalami kenaikan dan memilki nilai lebih dari satu sehingga berdampak baik bagi masyarakat. Daya dukung kawasan wisata Pulau Pahawang berada pada under carrying capacity, dimana sebelum Covid-19 sebesar 10.436 orang/hari dan saat Covid-19 sebesar 7.693 orang/hari. Alternatif strategi pengelolaan yang akan dilakukan adalah pengelolaan potensi SDA dan SDM., Covid-19 has had a negative impact on tourism in Indonesia. The pressure on the tourism industry is very visible from the large decline in the number of tourists. Tourist visits have decreased as a result of the restriction policy. The Pahawang Island tourist area is a leading tourist area in Lampung and this tourist location is a source of livelihood for the local community, but the presence of Covid-19 has had a negative impact on tourism activities. This study aims to (1) analyze the economic impact that arose before and during the Covid-19 pandemic in the Pahawang Island Tourism Area; (2) estimating the carrying capacity of the Pahawang Island tourism area before and during the pandemic; and (3) analyzing post-pandemic adaptive strategies for managing the Pahawang Island Tourism Area. The analytical methods used in this study are the multiplier effect, carrying capacity analysis, and the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the presence of the Covid-19 pandemic caused the Keynesian Income Multiplier value to decrease, but the Type I and II Income Multiplier Ratios each increased so that it had a good impact on society. The carrying capacity of the Pahawang Island tourist area is at under carrying capacity, with 10.436 people/day before Covid-19 and 7.693 people/day during Covid-19. An alternative management strategy that can be carried out is management of potential natural recources and human recources.
Keyword: AHP, Carrying Capacity, Multiplier Effect

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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