Judul: The Effect of Storage Conditions and Packaging Material during Storage on Viability of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) recalcitrant seed
Abstrak: Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is an important spicy commodity in Indonesia that decreased its productivity. The factors influencing nutmeg productivity is of low quality. The nutmeg seed is a recalcitrant that did not have endurance in prolonged storage. Therefore, selecting packaging material plays an important role during seed storage so that seed moisture content does not get desiccation during storage and keep good viability. The good material packaging selection must adjust to seed type, temperature, seed room humidity, initial moisture content, storage period, and the final storage goal. This research aimed to observe packaging material and properly seed room to keep long term seed viability. The research arranged by nested design consisted of the packaging material that nested in the storage periods. Packaging treatment (K) consisted of four levels such as zipper plastic size 14 x 20 cm 0.10 mm thick (K1), plastic sack size 17 x 21 cm 0.10 mm thick (K2), gunny sack size 14.5 x 20 cm 0.20 mm thick (K3), and plastic jar size 12 x 19 cm 0.10 mm thick (K4). Storage period levels were 12 days (P1), 18 days (P2), and 24 days (P3). The experiment was conducted in three separated storage room condition consisted of room temperature (28,91 0C dan RH 61,17%) (T1), controlled seed storage (24,84 0C dan RH 80,36%) (T2) and refrigerator (9,49 0C dan RH 18,44%) (T3). The result showed that seed storage at room temperature for 12 days storage period within zipper plastic had the highest viability indicated by seed germination capacity (56.25%). The result indicated a low decrease of only 6.25% than initial germination (62.5%). Seed moisture content was 48.42%, respiration rate (32.35 mmCO2/kg/h), growth rate (10.05 %/et mal), vigor index (9.73%), seed growth capacity (55.00%), and the leaf amount 3.43 after 11 weeks planting seed as well. A controlled seed storage room (AC) result showed that 12 days storage period with a plastic zipper could hold a respiration rate of 44.03 mmCO2/kg/h) and growth rate 7.74%/etmal. Germination capacity was higher if stored in a plastic jar of 49.10% within 12 days storage period. Unfortunately, the seed viability of nutmeg loss if stored in the refrigerator could not grow and die. The highest seed viability measurement that could be held on is in chamber temperature for 12 days storage period with a plastic zipper packaging., Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) merupakan komoditas rempah penting Indonesia mengalami penurunan produktivitas yang cukup signifikan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas pala salah satunya adalah rendahnya mutu benih pala. Benih pala merupakan benih rekalsitran yang tidak tahan disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Oleh karena itu pemilihan materi kemasan sangat penting selama penyimpanan benih, agar kadar air benih tidak mengalami perubahan selama penyimpanan dan viabilitas benih dapat dipertahankan. Pemilihan jenis kemasan yang baik harus disesuaikan dengan tipe benih, suhu dan RH ruang simpan, kadar air awal, lama simpan dan tujuan akhir penyimpanan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis kemasan dan kondisi ruang simpan yan tepat untuk mempertahankan viabilitas benih pala dalam periode yang panjang. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang (Nested Design) dengan faktor jenis kemasan yang tersarang
Keyword: Seed, packaging, storage room, storage period, viability, Benih, kemasan, periode simpan, ruang simpan, viabilitas, penyimpanan

Judul: The Technique of Storage and Scarification Nutmeg Seed (Myristica Fragrans Houtt.) for Viability Test of Seeds
Abstrak: Benih pala termasuk benih yang memiliki kulit benih yang keras, sehingga dapat menghambat proses perkecambahan benih. Selain itu benih ini merupakan benih rekalsitran yang tidak dapat disimpan dalam waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui media simpan yang paling tepat dalam menjaga viabilitas benih pala serta skarifikasi kimia yang paling efektif digunakan dalam mempercepat pematahan dormansi benih pala. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menyimpan benih pala 0-2 minggu dengan perlakuan tanpa media simpan, media simpan sabut kelapa (cocopeat) dan media simpan serbuk gergaji. Lalu dilanjutkan dengan perlakuan skarifikasi kimia menggunakan air, giberelin dan air kelapa dan. Masing-masing perlakuan juga disertai dengan perlakuan skarifikasi fisik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan media simpan sabut kelapa (cocopeat) dapat mempertahankan kadar air benih hingga minggu ke-2 penyimpanan dan memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap viabilitas benih pala., Nutmeg seeds include seeds that have a hard seed coat, which can inhibit the seed germination process. In addition, this seed is a recalcitrant seed that cannot be stored for a long time. This study aims to determine the most suitable storage media in maintaining the viability of nutmeg seeds and the most effective chemical scarification used in accelerating the breaking of nutmeg seed dormancy. The research was conducted by storing nutmeg seeds 0-2 weeks with treatment without storage media, coconut fiber storage media (cocopeat) and sawdust storage media. Then proceed with the treatment of chemical scarification using water, gibberellins, and coconut water. Each treatment was also accompanied by a physical scarification treatment. The results showed that the use of coconut coir storage media (cocopeat) could maintain the moisture content of the seeds until the 2nd week of storage and gave the best results on the viability of nutmeg seeds.
Keyword: coconut water, cocopeat, gibberelins, nutmeg seeds, sawdust

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix