Judul: Suplementasi Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate dan Vitamin E terhadap Kualitas Semen Cair Ayam Lokal yang Dipreservasi pada Suhu 5 oC
Abstrak: The objective of this experiment was to determine the effect of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and vitamin E supplementation to the lactate ringer-egg yolk (LREY) diluents on the pelung chicken semen preservation and to compare the semen quality of various local chicken breeds by in-vivo and in-vitro. This study was divided into several step; 1) SDS supplementation in the LREY diluent, 2) Vitamin E supplementation in the LREY diluent with best level of SDS, 3) The appeal test of local chickens semen quality with the best diluent in phase 2, 4) The appeal test of local chickens semen fertility and fertile period through artificial insemination in laying hens ISA Brown with the best diluent in phase 2. Step 1 to step 3 were design using a completely randomized repeated measurement with 4 replications, while step 4 was design using a completely randomized with 3 replications. Results of step 1 showed the sperm motility and viability in LREY added with 0.025% SDS (72.08±1.44% and 1.30±80.82%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than 0% and 0.05% SDS at 24 hours of storage. No differences in sperm motility and viability between 0% and 0.05% SDS. The decrease of sperm motility and viability demonstrated that 0.025% SDS supplementation (4.17±2.89% and 4.65±1.63%) was significantly lower (P<0.05) than 0% and 0.05% SDS at 24 hours of storage. Results of step 2 showed sperm motility and viability in LREY with 0.025% SDS which supplemented with 2% of vitamin E (77.92±0.74% and 87.37±0.75%) was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to 0%; 0.5%; 1% and 3% vitamin E at 12 hours of storage. The decrease of sperm motility and viability demonstrated 2% vitamin E supplementation (2.92±0.74% and 0.65±5.52%) was significantly lower than 0%; 0.5%; 1% and 3% vitamin E at 12 hours of storage. Results of step 3 showed chicken breeds affected on sperm motility and viability (P<0.05). During the storage period, the highest sperm motility and viability were demonstrated by pelung chicken. Sperm motility and viability of pelung chicken (72.50±1.12% and 81.94±1.12%) were higher than sentul chicken (68.33±1.05% and 80.95±1.06%), merawang chicken (65.83±1.54% and 76.83±1.26%) and kampung chicken (64.17±1.54% and 77.96±1.38%) at 24 hours storage. Results of step 4 showed chicken breeds affect on fertility (P<0.05), but did not affect the fertile period. Fertility of pelung chicken (62.10±2.76%) was higher than kampung chicken (49.47±3.68%) and merawang chicken (48.15±1.85%), but no difference between sentul chicken fertility (57.94 ± 4.83%) with others. The longest fertile period was demonstrated by pelung chicken (11.33±0.33 days), followed by sentul chicken (11.00±0.58 days), kampung chicken (10.33±0.88 days) and merawang chicken (10.00±0.58 days). In conclusion, SDS 0.025% and 2% vitamin E supplementation in LREY could maintain the sperm motility and viability during 72 hours of storage at 5 °C. Sperm motility and viability of pelung chicken were higher than sentul chicken, kampung chicken and merawang chicken during 72 hours of storage at 5 °C. The highest fertility was demonstrated by pelung chicken and the lowest by merawang chicken. Fertile period of four chicken breeds ranged from 10 to 11 days.
Keyword: sperm, SDS, vitamin E, fertility, fertile period

Judul: Quality and Fertility of Local Chicken Spermatozoa in Semen Diluent Supplemented with Monosaccharide and Olive Oil
Abstrak: Artificial insemination (AI) can improve the productivity of a chicken. One of the factors that can determine the success of the AI in chickens are semen quality. The semen quality depends on the process of storage (preservation), therefore the need of semen diluent that can ensure the survival of spermatozoa for preservation. The aim of this study was to find the best monosaccharide and level of olive oil in ringer's lactate yolk diluent that could maintain the quality of local chicken spermatozoa. This research consisted of three stage, namely (I) Examination different monosaccharides on semen diluent to sentul kampung crossbreed (SK) spermatozoa motility and viability, (II) Determination of the level/concentration of extra virgin olive oil on the quality of SK chicken spermatozoa, and (III) Examination spermatozoa fertility and fertile period of sentul, kampung, and SK chicken by using a ringer lactate diluent supplemented with monosaccharides and olive oil. Semen was collected using the massage method. Source of semen was used for the first and the second stage coming from SK chicken while the third stage coming from three breeds of chicken, namely sentul, kampung, and SK. The first stage using ringer's lactate egg yolk diluent supplemented with different monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, xylose, and mannose) as a treatment. The second stage using ringer’s lactate egg yolk diluent supplemented with the best monosaccharides from stage I, supplementation with different levels of olive oil (0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) used as a treatment. The third stage was fertility test of the best diluent from two previous study by artificial insemination in to hens. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 12 repetitions (the first and the second stage) and 3 repetitions (the third stage). Data analyzed used analysis of variance (ANOVA), then if found differences between treatment continued with Duncan test. The parameters were observed in the first stage and the second stage is spermatozoa motility and viability, while fertility and fertile period spermatozoa were observed in the third stage. The results of the first stage showed no difference on the monosaccharides; glucose, fructose, xylose, and mannose on motility and viability of SK chicken spermatozoa during 60 hours of storage. Descriptively motility and viability of spermatozoa in ringer’s lactate supplemented with fructose higher than other. Base on our finding on the first stage, fructose was choose as energy source for the second stage. Liquid semen was good quality in this research, it can be seem on the spermatozoa motility was stored during 60 hour between 48.3% to 55.42% with viability between 58.59% to 64.83%. The high quality of chicken liquid semen in this research was caused by the composition of the diluent and monosaccharide used could support the vitality of the spermatozoa. The results of the second stage in this research showed that supplementation of 8% olive oil was resulted in spermotozoa motility and viability of SK chicken better than others during 60 hours of storage, this fact that ringer lactate yolk diluent supplemented with fructose and 8% of olive oil was used in the third stage. Olive oil contains a
Keyword: chicken semen, monosaccharide, olive oil

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf