Judul: Kolaborasi Kelembagaan Multi Pihak dalam Program Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Tanggung Jawab Sosial (Studi Kasus Program Pembinaan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah PT Astra International Tbk)
Abstrak: PT Astra International Tbk has implemented the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to give significant contributions to community development for the community welfare. PT Astra International Tbk bolstered with the spirit of triple bottom line concept, effort in generating sustainable development. The goal of this research is to understand the implementation of PT Astra Internasional Tbk CSR program and strategy participation of stakeholders that involved on the program, especially society empowerment. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) establishment program is one of CSR programs held by PT Astra Internasional Tbk through Dharma Bakti Astra Foundation to conducting income generating activities. The objective of this research is: First, to know background of Small Medium Enterprise (SME) development as one of PT Astra International Tbk CSR Program. Second, is to analized how far the implementation social empowerment through SME establishment program effectiveness could increase benefits for societies. Third, is to analized the effectiveness of strategy participation of corporate and another stakeholders that involved in SME development program. This research used a qualitative approach with the strategy of case study, to know about SME development and participation of stakeholders that involved on the program. The result of this research are that PT Astra Internasional Tbk has some CSR programs which are directly done or done by a foundation. Based on the analysis, entirely the establishment program has some benefits of an improved life quality particularly income generating activities for the established SME.
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Judul: Evaluasi Program Pembinaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah (Umkm) Sebagai Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility. Kasus Program Pembinaan Umkm Yayasan Dharma Bhakti Astra
Abstrak: The goal of this research is to understand the implementation of PT Astra Internasional Tbk. Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) program. How far the realization of PT Astra International Tbk. CSR will also be analized in this research through Dharma Bhakti Astra Foundation based on society empowerment and analize the benefit of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) establishment program realization by Dharma Bhakti Astra Foundation. CSR activities form done by PT Astra Internasional TBk will be explained in this research. Empowerment aspects will be analyzed from MSME establishment held by Dharma Bhakti Astra Foundation. Identification and program analysis of establishment will point toward eight instruments of Verhagen empowerment. The benefit of MSME establishment can be viewed from six aspects. These are knowledge, skill, income, market expansion, competition among established MSME and the advance of establishment program existence for society. The result of this research are that PT Astra Internasional Tbk. has some CSR programs which are directly done or done by a foundation. MSME establishment program is one of CSR programs held by PT Astra Internasional Tbk. through Dharma Bakti Astra Foundation. Based on the analysis, entirely the establishment program has implemented Verhagen empowerment aspects although there are some aspects which need to be evaluated. This establishment program also has some benefits for the established MSME.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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