Judul: Evaluasi Kemitraan antara PG Pagottan dengan Petani Tebu di Kabupaten Madiun
Abstrak: Sugar necessary will be increased every year for industry or household necessary. But, the increasing of sugar necessary is not balanced with national production of sugar. One of the alternative to full fill the national sugar needs is business partner. One of the business partner that tied in between Pagottan sugar factory with sugar cane farmer in Madiun regency, East Java. A method of analysis data on this research using farm income analysis, R/C analysis and t-test analysis. Sugar cane farm income analysis showed that revenue over total cost partner farmers more than non-partner farmers. According to R/C ratio showed that with business partner, sugar cane farmer can get profits than farmer non business partner. Whereas, based on the result of t-test show that revenue over total costs per hectare have a significant difference between farmer in business partner and non business partner.
Keyword: t-test, sugarcane, R/C ratio, farm income analysis, business partner

Judul: The Effect of Partnership on Production and Income of Sugarcane Farmers in Malang Regency
Abstrak: Krebet Baru Sugar Factory has entered into a partnership with sugar cane farmers in Malang Regency. Partnerships have a role in technical services and a separate sugarcane purchasing process which causes differences in the production and income of sugarcane farmers. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the effect of partnerships on the production and income of sugar cane farmers in Malang Regency. Respondents in this study were 70 sugar cane farmers consisting of 45 partner sugar cane farmers and 25 non-partner sugar cane farmers with a sampling method, namely random sampling for partner farmers and snowball sampling method for non-partner farmers. The analytical methods used are Income Analysis and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. The research results show that partnerships do not have a significant effect on the production and income of sugar cane farmers in Malang Regency. However, farmers who enter into partnerships have higher average values for sugarcane production per hectare and income per hectare than farmers who do not enter into partnerships., Pabrik Gula Krebet Baru telah melakukan kemitraan dengan petani tebu di Kabupaten Malang. Kemitraan memiliki peran pada pelayanan teknis dan proses pembelian tebu tersendiri yang menyebabkan perbedaan pada produksi dan pendapatan petani tebu. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kemitraan terhadap produksi dan pendapatan petani tebu di Kabupaten Malang. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 70 petani tebu yang terdiri dari 45 petani tebu mitra dan 25 petani tebu non-mitra dengan metode penentuan sampel yaitu random sampling untuk petani mitra dan metode snowball sampling untuk petani non-mitra. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu Analisis Pendapatan dan Analisis Regresi Linier Berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kemitraan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap produksi dan pendapatan petani tebu di Kabupaten Malang. Selain itu, petani yang melakukan kemitraan memiliki nilai rata-rata yang lebih tinggi pada produksi tebu per hektare dan pendapatan per hektare dibandingkan petani yang tidak melakukan kemitraan.
Keyword: kemitraan, tebu, produksi, pendapatan, regresi linier berganda, partnership, sugar cane, production, income, multiple linier regression

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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