Judul: The Quality of Chilled Local Ram Semen After a Rest Period from the Breeding Program
Abstrak: Istirahat kawin dalam waktu lama memengaruhi kualitas semen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kualitas semen cair domba lokal Indonesia yang diistirahatkan kawin. Semen dikoleksi dari empat ekor domba menggunakan vagina buatan. Semen segar dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Semen kemudian diencerkan dengan pengencer Tris-fruktosa-kuning telur (Tris) atau Na sitrat-fruktosa-kuning telur (Na sitrat) hingga konsentrasi 50x106 sel/0,2 mL. Semen cair dikemas dalam tabung sentrifugasi dan disimpan dalam lemari pendingin (4−5 ◦C). Motilitas progresif dan viabilitas spermatozoa semen cair dievaluasi setiap 24 jam selama 4 hari. Pengaruh lingkar skrotum (LS) terhadap semen segar maupun semen cair juga dievaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semen segar memiliki volume 1,08±0,12 mL, warna putih susu, konsistensi encer hingga kental, pH 6,42±0,13, gerakan massa 2,94±0,13, konsentrasi 4941±926,84x106 /mL, motilitas progresif 79,38±2,17%, viabilitas 87,74±3,48%, dan abnormalitas total 7,99±3,14%. Istirahat kawin meningkatkan konsentrasi dan abnormalitas spermatozoa semen segar. LS memengaruhi motilitas, viabilitas, konsentrasi, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa semen segar. Namun, istirahat kawin tidak memengaruhi kualitas semen cair. Tris mempertahankan motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa semen cair lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Na sitrat. Motilitas dan viabilitas spermatozoa semen cair kelompok LS 29 cm lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok LS 23 cm. Istirahat kawin disimpulkan memengaruhi kualitas semen segar, namun tidak memengaruhi kualitas semen cair domba lokal., A long period of sexual rest influences the semen quality. The objective of this study is to evaluate the quality of chilled Indonesian local ram semen after it was rested from the breeding program. Semen was collected from four local rams using an artificial vagina. Fresh semen was examined macroscopically and microscopically. Semen was diluted in Tris-fructose-egg yolk (Tris) or sodium citrate-fructose-egg yolk (Na citrate) to a final concentration of 50x106 cell/0.2 mL. Chilled semen was packed in a centrifugal tube and stored in the refrigerator (4−5◦C). Sperm progressive motility and viability of chilled semen were examined every 24 hours for 4 days. The effect of the scrotal circumference (SC) on fresh and chilled semen was also investigated. The results showed that the fresh semen had a volume of 1.08±0.12 mL, milky-white color, thin to thick consistency, pH of 6.42±0.13, mass movement of 2.94±0.13, concentration of 4941±926.84x106 sperm/ mL, progressive motility of 79.38±2.17%, viability of 87.74±3.48%, and total abnormality of 7.99±3.14%. Sexual rest increased fresh semen concentration and sperm abnormality. SC affected sperm motility, viability, concentration, and abnormality of ram fresh semen. Sexual rest did not affect the quality of chilled semen. Tris extenders preserved viability and motility of ram sperm better than Na citrate. The sperm motility and viability in chilled semen from SC of 29 cm were better than semen from SC of 23 cm. This study concluded that sexual rest had effects on the fresh semen but showed no significant effect on chilled local ram semen.
Keyword: chilled semen, ram, scrotal circumference, semen extenders, sexual rest

Judul: Semen Characteristics and Spermatozoa Abnormalities of Local Ram that are Rested for Mating Program for 12 Months
Abstrak: Istirahat kawin dalam waktu tertentu dapat memengaruhi kualitas semen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari karakteristik semen dan abnormalitas spermatozoa dari domba lokal yang lama diistirahatkan kawin. Penelitian menggunakan 4 domba jantan dewasa yang istirahat kawin selama 12 bulan. Keempat domba diukur lingkar skrotum dan dikarakterisasi semennya. Semen dikoleksi menggunakan vagina buatan dalam 4 kali ulangan. Semen dievaluasi secara makroskopis (volume, konsistensi, warna dan pH) dan mikroskopis (gerakan massa, motilitas progresif, konsentrasi, viabilitas dan abnormalitas). Pengaruh lingkar skrotum (LS) terhadap kualitas semen dan abnormalitas spermatozoa juga dianalisis menggunakan independent sample t test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semen memiliki volume 1,08±0,12 mL, warna putih susu, konsistensi encer hingga kental, pH 6,42±0,04, gerakan massa 2,94±0,13, motilitas progresif 79,38±2,17%, konsentrasi 4940±646,49x106/mL, viabilitas 88,15±5,57%, dan abnormalitas spermatozoa total 11,50±3,76% (abnormalitas primer 5,28% dan abnormalitas sekunder 6,23%). Abnormalitas primer yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah undeveloped (3,40%), sedangkan abnormalitas sekundernya adalah simple bent (4,00%). Nilai konsentrasi dan abnormalitas spermatozoa pada penelitian ini jauh lebih tinggi dari yang pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Domba dengan LS lebih besar memiliki kualitas semen lebih baik dibandingkan dengan domba dengan LS lebih kecil, terutama berdasarkan variabel motilitas progresif, serta konsentrasi dan abnormalitas spermatozoa. Istirahat kawin dalam waktu lama berpengaruh terhadap kualitasn semen, terutama peningkatan konsentrasi dan abnormalitas spermatozoa., Sexual rest within a certain period of time can affect the quality of semen. The purpose of this study was to study the characteristics of semen and spermatozoa abnormalities from local ram rested ram from the breeding program. The study used 4 rams that had not been used in the mating program for 12 months. The four rams were measured for scrotal circumference and characterized for their semen. Semen was collected by artificial vagina in four repetitions. Semen was evaluated macroscopically (volume, consistency, color and pH) and microscopically (mass movement, progressive motility, concentration, viability, and spermatozoa abnormalities). Also analyzed the effect of scrotal circumference (LS) on semen quality and spermatozoa abnormalities using the independent sample t test. The results showed that the fresh semen had a volume of 1,08±0,12 mL, milky-white color, thin to tick consistency, pH of 6,42±0,04, mass movement of 2,94±0,13, progressive motility of 79,38±2,17%, concentration of 4940±646,49x106 sperm/mL, viability of 88,15±5,57%, and total abnormalities of 11,52±3,78% (primary abnormality 5,28% and secondary abnormality 6,23%). Primary abnormality in the form of undeveloped was found in a high proportion of 7,98±8,20%. Secondary abnormality in the form of simple bent was found in high proportion with an average of 4,00%. The concentration and abnormalities of this study is higher than previously reported. Sexual rest for long time had an effect on semen quality, especially the increased of concentration and total abnormalities of spermatozoa. Scrotal circumference affects progressive motility, concentration, and abnormalities of spermatozoa.
Keyword: local rams, semen, sexual rest, spermatozoa abnormalities

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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