Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Tarsius merupakan salah satu satwa endemik Indonesia yang keberadaannya mulai memprihatinkan. Konservasi sebgai salah satu cara untuk pelestarian satwa ini akan lebih terarah dan berhasil guna apabila karakteristik dan keragaman sumber genetiknya diketahui dengan pasti. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji penanda genetik spesifik pada gen Cyt b dan daerah D-loop Tarsius sp.
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Judul: Kajian Penanda Genetik Gen Cytochrome B dan Daerah D-loop pada Tarsius sp.
Abstrak: Tarsius is an endemic species of Indonesia that is threatened. Conservation of this species would yield better results if its genetic make up and diversity determined. The objective of this research was to study the specific genetic marker on Cyt b gene and D-loop region of Tarsius sp. Sequencing of PCR product using primer H15149 on Cyt b gene yielded base sequence of 276 nts (coding 92 amino acids), while sequencing using primer DLTARPROF on D-loop resulted in base sequence of 270 nts. Results of Cyt b and D-loop fragments sequencing were put on multiple alignment with other primates from Genbank with the aid of software Genetyc-Win Version 3.0 and Clustal W, and were analyzed using MEGA program version 3.1.Fourteen different amino acid sites were found. Tarsius dianae had 12 amino acid sites (amino acid no. 2, 6, 9, 22, 23, 29, 39, 41, 42, 45, 55, and 85), T. spectrum had 7 amino acid sites (amino acid no. 2, 6, 9, 41, 45, 55 and 85) and T. bancanus had 2 amino acid sites (amino acid no. 23 and 45) which can be used as genetic marker. Five unique amino acids were found on T. dianae, such as amino acid site: 6 (valine), 22 (alanin), 29 (alanin), 39 (serin) and site 42 (valine). The genetic distance based on nucleotide Cyt b calculated using Kimura 2-parameter model indicated that in the smallest value of 0.7%, biggest 22.3% and average 13.1%, while for D-loop, the smallest genetic distance is 0% and biggest 11.8% and average 2.3%. The phylogenetic tree using neighbor Joining Method based on the sequence of nucleotide and amino acid Cyt b reveded differentiation among Tarsius, but the phylogenetic tree based on some nucleotide sequence on D-loop region could not be used to differentiate among species.
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Judul: Demulsification process with salt, acid, surfactant and commercial demulsifier to accelerate emulsion wastewater treatment
Abstrak: One solution to overcome the problems of wastewater emulsion is demulsification process. The basic principle of this process is the separation of water and oil contained in emulsion wastewater using demulsifier, a chemical that serves as an emulsion breaker. This study aims to compare and find the best demulsification process and quickly using various types of demulsifier in the emulsion Oil in Water (O/W). From the results of initial tests on samples of emulsion wastewater used oil and used cooking oil known salt as the best demulsifier in separating oil and emulsions in the 5th minute because it showed significantly different results (α = 0.05). Also, it has neutral pH, the smallest turbidity, as well as color and water quality of the samples tested to be more clear with a little foam. The best salt for emulsion wastewater used oil is NaCl, whereas for emulsion wastewater used cooking oil is CaCl2. Testing continued in order to obtain the best concentration (0,02 M; 0,03 M; 0,05 M) of both types of salt is related to its ability to demulsification process. The test results of the election of the best concentration of demulsifier selected shows that all concentrations gave similar results in separating oil and emulsions in the 5th minute of emulsion wastewater used oil and cooking oil. However, the results of other tests (pH, turbidity, and salinity) showed 0,02 M NaCl concentration gave the best results for used oil. Its pH values 6, the smallest turbidity and salinity 81,5 FTU and 1700 ppm. The emulsion wastewater used cooking oil also showed that the 0,02 M CaCl2 concentration gave the best result. Its pH value 5 with the smallest turbidity and salinity 78 FTU and 2800 ppm.
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