Judul: Analisis DNA Mitokomdria Badak Sumatera dalam Konservasi Genetik
Abstrak: Research on the genetics of Sumatran Rhino had been conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology in March 2007 to March 2008. The aims were determining level of genetic diversity of inter-species individual, determining the phylogeny of inter-species individuals, and finding out the genetic distance of four individuals. Blood samples were taken from 2 female Sumatran rhinos (Rosa and Bina) and 2 male Sumatran rhinos (Torgamba and Andalas) from the SRS (Sumatran Rhino Sanctuary), Way Kambas National Park. Analyses was conducted using the CO I gene and D-loop mtDNA. The primers used to amplified sequence of D-Loop partial were RHDLF and RHDLR, while sequence of CO I partial were RHCOIF and RHCOIR. Data were analyzed using the MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis) program with African White rhino, African black rhino and Indian rhino from GenBank as the out-groups. The phylogeny were analyzed Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method with 1000 bootstrapped . The PCR product was 711 bp long of CO I gene area, while the D-Loop partial was 677 bp-size DNA fragments. The D-loop DNA sequence also showed that the Sumatran rhinos were significantly different with the African rhinos despite their similarity in appearance, both rhinos had two horns. The Sumatran rhinos apparently had a closer genetic distance with Indian rhinos which had single horn. This suggested that the geographical distribution more influenced by the phylogeny rather than the number of horn.
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Judul: Feed Analysis of Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus) Using Chloroplast maturase K (matK) gene Barcode DNA markers
Abstrak: Badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus) merupakan salah satu satwa yang ada di Indonesia yang kini keberadaannya terancam punah dan diperkirakan jumlahnya kurang lebih 62 individu pada tahun 2013, dan saat ini hanya dapat ditemukan di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (TNUK), Banten. Saat ini, faktor pakan badak jawa menjadi hal yang krusial bagi keberlangsungan hidup spesies tersebut karena luasan serta kualitas pakannya sangat terancam karena adanya kerusakan hutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi pakan badak jawa secara tepat dan aktual melalui proses barcoding DNA tumbuhan dari feses badak jawa yang telah dikoleksi dari TNUK, Banten. DNA total didapatkan dari 10 sampel feses badak jawa dan 10 tumbuhan yang diduga sebagai pakan badak jawa. PCR dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer spesifik tumbuhan marka matK. Analisis sekuen yang didapat di BLAST-n kemudian diolah menggunakan MEGA 7 untuk dilihat identitas dan kekerabatannya. Hasil analisis 10 sampel feses mendapatkan Leea coccinea dari famili Vitaceae diduga sebagai pakan favorit badak jawa. Sumber pakan lainnya adalah tumbuhan Terminalia guyanensis (Combretaceae), Morus celtidifolia (Moraceae), dan Dillenia indica (Dilleniaceae). Dari 10 sampel tumbuhan diduga pakan badak jawa salah satu diantaranya yaitu sampel tumbuhan sulangkar (Leea indica) memiliki jarak genetik yang paling dekat dengan sampel feses yang teridentifikasi sebagai Leea coccinea yaitu perbedaannya berkisar 1.59– 1.71% (0.0159–0.0171). Hal ini menunjukkan sulangkar (Leea indica) diduga sebagai pakan favorit badak jawa. Ketidakcocokan tersebut diduga belum terdapatnya database sulangkar (Leea indica) di GenBank., The Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus) is one of the animals in Indonesia which is now threatened with extinction. It was estimated that its number was around 62 individuals in 2013, and currently can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten. At present, the Javan rhino forage is crucial for the survival of this species because the area and quality of its food are seriously threatened due to forest destruction. The purpose of this study was to provide accurate and actual information on Javan rhino food through the process of barcoding plant DNA from Javan rhino faeces that had been collected from Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten. Total DNA was obtained from 10 Javan rhino faeces and 10 plants suspected of being Javan rhino feed. PCR was performed using specific primers for the matK marker plant. Sequence analysis obtained in BLASTn was then processed using MEGA 7 to see its identity and kinship. The results of the analysis of 10 stool samples found Leea coccinea from the Vitaceae family, which is thought to be the favorite food of Javan rhinos. Other food sources are Terminalia guyanensis (Combretaceae), Morus celtidifolia (Moraceae), and Dillenia indica (Dilleniaceae). From 10 of the plant samples, Leea indica had a genetic distance that was very close to the fecal samples identified as ranging from 1.59-1.71% (0.0159-0.0171). This shows that the sulangkar, (Leea indica) is thought to be the Javan rhino's favorite food. This discrepancy is thought to have not yet existed in the sulangkar (Leea indica) database at GenBank.
Keyword: forage of rhino, matK gene, plant DNA, Rhinoceros sondaicus

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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