Judul: Identification of polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Gene and its Receptor and their Association with Partial Cumulative Milk Yield in Holstein Friesian Cattle in West Java Production Center
Abstrak: Growth hormone gene has a critical role in the regulation of lactation, mammary gland development and growth process through its interaction with its specific receptor. Growth Hormone (GH) and Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) genes have been suggested as candidate genes for traits related to milk production. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic polymorphism of the Growth Hormone (GH) and the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) genes, and the association of their genetic variants with milk yield in Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle. A total of 370 HF cattle from six populations of Institute for breeding of dairy cattle Cikole station (88 samples), Pasir Kemis (96 samples), Cilumber (98 samples), Lembang Artificial Insemination Center (LAIC) (17 samples), Livestock Embryo Transfer Center (40 samples) and Singosari Artificial Insemination Center (SAIC) (32 samples) were genotyped by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Genotyping the GH gene with Alu1 restriction enzyme to all DNA samples produced two variant genotypes, i.e LL (89 %) and LV (11%) genotypes. The frequency of L allele was 94 % and V allele was 6%. Genotyping of GHR gene with Alu1 restriction enzymes produced three genotypes and two alleles. The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 58 %, 34%, and 8% respectively. The frequency of A allele was 75% and G allel was 25%. There was no association between GH and GHR polymorphism with milk production.
Keyword: 

Judul: Identifikasi keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR AluI) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein di BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, dan BET Cipelang.
Abstrak: Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is one factor affecting animal growth. GHR is required by growth hormone (GH) to carry out its effect on target tissues. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor gene in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle and beef cattle. Genotyping was performed on 126 animals. These consisted of HF 89 heads from BIB Lembang (17), BBIB Singosari (32), and BET Cipelang (40); as well as for 37 heads of four breeds of beef cattle including for Simmental (13), Limousin (14), Brahman (5), and Angus (5) for a comparison. Varian genetic of the GHR gene was identified by PCR-RFLP method using AluI restriction enzyme cutting the base position at AG|CT. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been found in exon 10, coding for the cytoplasmic domain of GHR, which was located at position 81 bp (A/G) induced amino acid substitutions Ser/Gly. The product of amplification of GHR was 298 bp. Genotyping the GHR gene produced two alleles (A and G) resulting three genotypes (AA, AG and GG). The genotype AA was dominant in HF cattle from all locations, and also in Brahman and Limousin cattle from BET Cipelang. All of HF dairy cattle were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (χhit 2>χ0,05 2), in contrast, Simmental and Limousin were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Hardy-Weinberg in Brahman and Angus values could not be calculated. Heterozigosity values in HF and beef cattle were low (ho<he). In beef cattle, Angus had highest heterozigosity value (0,600), while Brahman had the lowest heterozigosity value (0.000). The conclusion was that the variability of GHR|AluI gene can be used as a basic information for selection in growth caracteristic in the HF and beef cattle. Keywords: Beef cattle, Genetic polymorphism, GHR|AluI gene,
Keyword: 

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4