Judul: Performan Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Pakan Bentuk Pelet Berbahan Baku Wheat Pollard Hasil Olahan Enzim Cairan Rumen
Abstrak: High quality of feedstuff is very important to support animal productivity. Corn is the main energy source for broiler chickens. Due to its supply and high price probiems from local corn. We recommended wheat pollard as alternative feed of sourch energy like corn. Wheat pollard as alternative has high crude fiber that disturbs digestion for broiler chickens. So, supplementation of enzymes from rumen liquor may increase the quality of wheat pollard. More over, steam pelleting of diet containing the wheat pollard may improve its quality. The research was conducted to study of performance of broiler feed pelleted diet containing with wheat pollard processed by enzymes from rumen liquor. We were used 360 broiler chickens Arbor acres strain age 21-35 days. The animals were devided into 36 group and assigned to one of the nine diets treatments i.e : PI (Feed with enzymes dossage 0 U/kg and stearn pelleting at temperature 60°C), P2 (Feed with enzymes dossage 0 U/kg and stearn pelleting at temperature 80°C), P3 (Feed with enzymes dossage 0 U/kg and steam pelleting at temperature 100°C), P4 (Feed with enzymes dossage 620 U/kg and stearn pelleting at temperature 60°C), P5 (Feed with enzymes dossage 620 U/kg and stearn pelleting at temperature 80°C), P6 (Feed with enzymes dossage 620 U/kg and stearn pelleting at temperature 100°C), P7 (Feed with enzymes dossage 1,240 U/kg and stearn pelleting at temperature 60 QC), P8 (Feed with enzymes dossage 1,240 u/kg and steam. p.elleting at temperature 80 DC) dan P9 (Feed with enzymes dossage 1,240 U/kg and stearn pelleting at temperature 100°C). Water and feed were given ad libitum.
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Judul: Ketersediaan energi ransum mengandung wheat pollard hasil olahan enzim cairan rumen yang diproses secara steam pelleting pada ayam broiler
Abstrak: Fluktuasi harga, kualitas dan kuantitas serta persaingan penggunaan bahan baku dengan kebutuhan pangan seperti jagung menjadi kendala dalam produksi ternak. Bahan baku seperti wheat pollard merupakan limbah penggilingan gandum yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Kandungan polisakarida non pati yang tinggi pada wheat pollard menjadi anti nutrisi tersendiri bagi ternak unggas. Penambahan enzim cairan rumen dan perlakuan steam pelleting diharapkan mampu mengubah polisakarida non pati menjadi bentuk yang lebih sederhana, sehingga lebih mudah dimanfaatkan oleh unggas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai energi metabolis dan retensi nitrogen ransum berbasis wheat pollard hasil olahan enzim cairan rumen dan steam pelleting pada ayam broiler. Dua puluh tujuh ekor ayam broiler berumur 37 hari yang dibagi menjadi 9 kelompok dan diberikan secara acak salah satu dari 9 perlakuan ransum yaitu R1 (enzim 0 U/kg+ suhu steam 60 °C), R2 (enzim 0 U/kg+suhu steam 80 °C), R3 (enzim 0 U/kg+ suhu steam 100 °C), R4 (enzim 620 U/kg+ suhu steam 60 °C), R5 (enzim 620 U/kg+suhu steam 80 °C) R6 (enzim 620 U/kg+ suhu steam 100 °C), R7 (enzim 1.240 U/kg+ suhu steam 60 °C), R8 (enzim 1.240 U/kg+ suhu steam 80 °C), dan R9 (enzim 1.240 U/kg+ suhu steam 100 °C). Ayam yang telah dipuasakan selama 24 jam ayam diberikan pakan sebanyak 30 g/ekor secara paksa dan air minum ad libitum. Peubah yang diukur ialah Energi Metabolis Semu (EMS), Energi Metabolis Semu Terkoreksi Nitrogen (EMSn), Energi Metabolis Murni (EMM), Energi Metabolis Murni Terkoreksi Nitrogen (EMMn) dan Retensi Nitrogen. Sebanyak tiga ekor ayam dengan umur yang sama telah digunakan secara bersamaan untuk mengukur energi dan nitrogen endogenus. Data dari RAL Faktorial (3x3) yang diperoleh dianalisis ANOVA dan hasilnya dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Duncan's. Perlakuan dosis enzim pada wheat pollard dan perlakuan steam pada ransum mengandung 35% wheat pollard tidak mempengaruhi nilai energi metabolis dan retensi nitrogen. Kombinasi perlakuan dosis enzim dan suhu steam yang terjadi pada R4 (enzim 620 U/kg+ suhu steam 60 °C) dan R8 (enzim 1.240 U/kg+ suhu steam 80 °C) berpengaruh meningkatkan nilai EMS, EMS, EMM dan EMMn tetapi tidak mempengaruhi nilai retensi nitrogen. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk meningkatkan kualitas ransum berbahan baku wheat pollard perlu perlakuan kombinasi dosis enzim 620 U/kg dengan suhu 60 °C.
Keyword: enzim cairan rumen, Ayam broiler, Wheat pollard Pellet

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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