Judul: The Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on Histopathological View of Hepatopankreas of Vaname Shrimp Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Vibrio parahaemolyticus dapat menginfeksi udang vaname, menyebabkan kelainan acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Selenium dan vitamin E mempunyai peran penting sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati perbedaan gambaran histopatologi hepatopankreas udang vaname yang diinfeksi VPAHPND yang diberi pakan komersial tanpa dan dengan penambahan selenium, vitamin E, dan kombinasi keduanya, serta kelompok yang menunjukkan hasil terbaik. Sebanyak 600 ekor udang post-larvae (PL) dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yakni kelompok K sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok A sebagai kontrol positif, kelompok B diberi penambahan selenium dosis 20 mg/kg, kelompok C diberi penambahan vitamin E dengan dosis 1000 mg/kg, dan kelompok D diberi penambahan kombinasi selenium dosis 20 mg/kg dan vitamin E dosis 1000 mg/kg. Gambaran histopatologis hepatopankreas udang PL pada tiap kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kombinasi selenium dan vitamin E memberikan hasil yang terbaik dalam menjaga integritas serta fungsi hepatopankreas udang dari toksin yang dihasilkan bakteri VPAHPND., Vibrio parahaemolyticus can infect vanamei shrimp, causing acute hepatopancreatic necrotic disease (AHPND). Both selenium and vitamin E have important roles as antioxidants. This study aims to observe the differences in the histopathological view of the hepatopancreas of vaname shrimp infected with VPAHPND and fed with commercial feed with and without the addition of selenium, vitamin E, and a combination of both, as well as the group that shows the best results. A total of 600 post-larvae (PL) shrimp were divided into 5 groups, namely group K as negative control, group A as positive control, group B which was given selenium at a dose of 20 mg/kg, group C which was given vitamin E at a dose of 1000 mg/kg, and group D which was given a combination of selenium at a dose of 20 mg/kg and vitamin E at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. The histopathological views of PL shrimp hepatopancreas in each group were compared. The results showed that the combination of selenium and vitamin E produced the optimal result in maintaining the integrity and function of shrimp hepatopancreas against toxins produced by VPAHPND bacteria.
Keyword: hepatopancreas, histopathology, selenium, vitamin E, VPAHPND

Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Selenium dan Vitamin E terhadap Gambaran Imun Udang Vannamei yang Diinfeksi oleh Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Sistem imun udang vannamei sangat sederhana sehingga rentan terinfeksi patogen, salah satunya yaitu Vibrio parahaemolyticus yang menyebabkan penyakit Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (VPAHPND). Selenium dan vitamin E merupakan imunostimulan yang dapat membantu meningkatkan kinerja sistem imun non-spesifik udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian selenium dan vitamin E terhadap gambaran imun yang meliputi Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Aktivitas Fagositosis (AF), dan Total Vibrio Count (TVC) pada udang vannamei yang diinfeksi oleh V. parahaemolyticus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan yang diamati adalah pemberian pakan komersial tanpa infeksi VPAHPND, pakan komersial dengan infeksi VPAHPND, pakan komersial + selenium 20 mg/kg pakan dengan infeksi VPAHPND, pakan komersial + vitamin E 1000 mg/kg pakan dengan infeksi VPAHPND, dan pakan komersial + selenium 20 mg/kg pakan + vitamin E 1000 mg/kg pakan dengan infeksi VPAHPND. Nilai THC pada perlakuan pemberian selenium tunggal yaitu sebesar 7,291 × 106 sel/ml. Nilai AF dari perlakuan selenium + vitamin E yaitu 93,86 %, selenium 99,07 %, dan vitamin E 100 %. Nilai TVC pada perlakuan pemberian selenium tunggal yaitu sebesar 0,079 × 106 CFU/ml. Pemberian selenium (sodium selenit) 20 mg/kg pakan tanpa kombinasi mampu meningkatkan imunitas udang vannamei yang diinfeksi VPAHPND dan mampu menurunkan TVC organ hepatopankreas udang pascainfeksi., The immune system of vannamei shrimp is very simple, making it susceptible to pathogens infection, one of which is Vibrio parahaemolyticus that can cause Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (VPAHPND). Selenium and vitamin E are immunostimulants that can help improve the performance of the shrimp’s nonspecific immune system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of selenium and vitamin E’s administration on immune features of vannamei shrimp which include Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Phagocytosis Activity (AF), and Total Vibrio Count (TVC) in vannamei shrimp infected by V. parahaemolyticus. This study used a completely randomized design method. The treatments observed were commercial feed without VPAHPND infection, commercial feed with VPAHPND infection, commercial feed + selenium 20 mg/kg feed with VPAHPND infection, commercial feed + vitamin E 1000 mg/kg feed with VPAHPND infection, and commercial feed + selenium 20 mg/kg feed + vitamin E 1000 mg/kg feed with VPAHPND infection. The THC value in the treatment of single selenium administration was 7,291 × 106 cells/ml. The AF value of the selenium + vitamin E treatment was 93.86%, selenium 99.07%, and vitamin E 100%. The TVC value in the treatment of single selenium administration was 0.079 × 106 CFU/ml. Administration of selenium (sodium selenite) 20 mg/kg of feed without combination was able to increase the immunity of vannamei shrimp infected with VPAHPND and was able to reduce the TVC of postinfected shrimp hepatopancreas.
Keyword: Litopenaeus vannamei, selenium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, vitamin E

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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