Judul: Pengaruh konsentrasi gula dan garam terhadap mutu jambal roti
Abstrak: Jambal roti merupakan produk olahan tradisional yang cukup digemari oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Seperti produk ikan asin pada umumnya, pengolahan jambal roti menggunakan garam yang sangat tinggi. Jumlah garam yang tinggi ini mengakibatkan berkurangnya peranan ikan sebagai sumber pro- tein, karena jumlah ikan yang dikonsumsi hanya sedikit. Penggunaan gula merah adalah salah satu alternatif untuk mengurangi jumlah garam yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari kombinasi penggunaan gula merah dan garam yang paling optimal terha- dap mutu jambal roti. Pada penelitian ini digunakan rancangan percobaan faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu konsentrasi larutan gula merah dan konsentrasi garam. Konsentrasi gula terdiri dari dua taraf (30% dan 40%) dan konsentrasi garam terdiri dari empat taraf (10%, 15%, 20% dan 25%), masing-masing kombina- si perlakuan dilakukan tiga kali ulangan. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah ikan manyung (Arius Thalassinus) yang belum dies. Proses pengolahannya terdiri dari pemotongan kepala ikan, pembuangan isi perut, pencu- cian, perendaman dalam larutan gula, penggaraman, pembelah- an, pencucian dan penjemuran. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisa kimia, mikrobiologi dan uji organoleptik. ...
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Judul: Pengaruh Konsentrasi Gula dan Garam Terhadap Mutu Jambal Roti
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi gula dan garam terhadap: kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar garam, pH, jumlah bakteri per gram dan tingkat kesukaan konsumen terhadap produk jambal roti. Pada penelitian ini digunakan percobaan faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu konsentrasi gula kelapa dan konsentrasi garam. Konsentrasi gula kelapa terdiri dari empat taraf faktor (0%, 10%, 20% dan 30 konsentrasi garam terdiri dari dua taraf faktor %) dan (20% dan 30%), kombinasi perlakuan dengan dua kali ulangan. Jambal roti adalah salah satu produk olahan tradisional yang oleh disukai konsumen. Dalam penelitian ini, bahan baku yang digunakan adalah ikan manyung (Arius thalassinus). Proses pengolahannya terdiri dari : pemotongan kepala, pencucian dan penimbangan, perendaman dalam larutan gula kelapa, penggaraman, pembelahan dan pencucian, pengolesan dengan larutan bawang putih dan penjemuran. Setelah itu, pada produk jambal roti dilakukan uji organoleptik, kimia dan uji mikrobiologi. analisis ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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