Judul: The Effect of Snack Intervention on Blood Glucose Level and Memory Improvement of Primary School's Students
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kudapan di sekolah melalui program PMT-AS, yang mengandung energi dan protein rata-rata 124 kkal dan 1,5 gram, berpengaruh "yata terhadap peningkatan kadar glukosa darah anak sekolah dasar meskipun belum menunjukkan pengaruh yang "yata terhadap daya ingatnya. Hal ini diduga karena terlalu rendah kandungan energi dan protein dan kudapan yang diberikan dan kurang sesuai metode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran daya ingat Salah satu indikator biokimia dari kekurangan konsumsi energi adalah rendahnya kadar glukosa darah, sedangkan indikator dari prestasi belajar anak antara lain dapat ditentukan melalui pengukuran daya ingatnya. Secara umum. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi makanan kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan daya ingat anak sekolah dasar (SO). Adapun tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsumsi energi. karbohidrat. protein dan lemak anak SO. menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi makanan terhadap kadar hemoglobin anak SO. menganalisis pengaruh intervensi kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah anak SO. menganalisis perubahan daya ingat anak SO akibat pemberian kudapan. dan menganalisis pengaruh kadar glukosa darah terhadap daya ingat anakSO., The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of snack intervention on blood glucose level and memory improvement of primary school's students. Subjects of this study were 184 students of four (4) primary schools (grade 6,5 and 4) at Bogar District, West Java. The study employed a quasi-experimental desig n and followed experimental procedures to control the subject's intake and motor activity during the study period. At the day of intervention, both control and intervention's subjects were ordered not to have breakfast at home. Intervention's subjects were provided with snack (buras, at 10.ho AM) which contain 381.7 kcal energy and 5 g protein, but control's subjects were not. Two types of psychological test (word and figure) were applied twice (at 09.00 and 11.00 AM). Then, at the same time, subject's blood was taken to determine blood glucose, haemoglobin, and hematocrite levels. Interviews with subjects and their mothers were done to collect socia-economic data and dietary intake. Result of the study indicate that snack intervention has increased significantly (p<0.01) blood glucose level (20.8 mg/dl) for about 1 hour after snack given. Blood glucose level significantly (p<0.01) effect on the word's and figure's memory performance.
Keyword: Snack intervention, Blood Glucose, Memory improvement, Primary school, Memory performance

Judul: Kajian Pengaruh Interverensi Makanan Kudapan Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Daya Ingat Anak Sekolah
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelurnnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kudapan di sekolah melalui program PMI-AS, yang mengandung energi dan protein rata-rata 124 kkal dan 1,5 gram, berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan kadar glukosa darah anak sekolah dasar meskipun belum menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap daya ingatnya. Hal ini diduga karena terlalu rendah kandungan energi dan protein dari kudapan yang diberikan dan kurang sesuai rnetode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran daya ingat. Salah satu indikator biokimia dari kekurangan konsumsi energi adalah rendahnya kadar glukosa darah, sedangkan indikator dari prestasi belajar anak antara lain dapat ditentukan melalui pengukuran daya ingatnya. Secara urnurn. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi makanan kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan daya ingat anak sekolah dasar (SD). Adapun tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsumsi energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak anak SD, menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi makanan terhadap kadar hemoglobin anak SO, menganalisis pengaruh intervensi kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah anak SD, menganalisis perubahan daya ingat anak SD akibat pemberian kudapan, dan menganalisis pengaruh kadar glukosa darah terhadap daya ingat anak SD.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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