Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Harga Daging Sapi di Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Daging sapi merupakan salah satu komoditas penting bagi masyarakat. Jawa Barat memiliki tingkat konsumsi daging sapi diatas tingkat konsumsi rata-rata nasional, namun harga daging sapi di Jawa Barat hingga saat ini masih mengalami kondisi yang tidak stabil. Kondisi ini akan memberikan dampak negatif bagi para pelaku ekonomi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor apa saja yang memengaruhi harga daging sapi di Jawa Barat. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder time series tahun 2003-2020. Metode Error Correction Model (ECM) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada jangka panjang variabel harga daging ayam dan harga daging sapi internasional berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap harga daging sapi di Jawa Barat, dan pada jangka pendek variabel populasi sapi potong berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap harga daging sapi di Jawa Barat., Beef is one of the most important commodities for the society. Beef consumption rate in West Java is above the national average consumption level, yet the beef prices in West Java still experiencing fluctuations until now. The condition of unstable price could give a negative impact to the economy actors. The purpose of this study is to analyze what factors affect the beef prices in West Java. The data for this study were secondary time series data from 2003 to 2020. Error Correction Model (ECM) method is used in this study. The result of this study showed, in the long term the price of chicken meat and international beef price had a positive and significant effect on the beef price in West Java, and in the short term the population of beef cattle had a negative and significant effect on the beef price in West Java.
Keyword: beef, ECM, price fluctuations, price

Judul: Analysis of  the  factors that affect  the  price  of  beef in Indonesia
Abstrak: Dalam rangka mewujudkan kecukupan daging sapi di dalam negeri maka pemerintah Indonesia mencanangkan program swasembada daging sapi. Konsep swasembada tersebut tidak hanya menyangkut ketersediaan tetapi juga akses masyarakat terhadap pangan itu sendiri. Akses masyarakat terhadap daging sapi dapat dilihat dari harga komoditas tersebut. Harga daging sapi di Indonesia relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara lainnya. Hal ini menyebabkan daya beli masyarakat terhadap daging sapi menjadi rendah. Disamping itu, kondisi harga yang tinggi kenyataannya juga tidak dapat menjadi insentif bagi peternak untuk meningkatkan produksi daging sapi. Mengingat permasalahan tersebut, harga daging sapi menjadi hal penting untuk dikaji lebih lanjut sehingga perlu dianalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi harga daging sapi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series tahun 2008-2013. Analisis deskriptif dan model persamaan regresi linear berganda digunakan sebagai alat analisis dalam penelitian ini. Hasilnya berdasarkan analisis deskriptif harga daging sapi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh jalur distribusi yang panjang sedangkan berdasarkan model persamaan regeresi linear berganda terdapat tiga variabel yang berpengaruh yaitu harga daging sapi periode sebelumnya, hari raya lebaran (Idul Fitri) dan impor daging sapi., To reduce dependence on beef import, Indonesian government declared an increase of beef production by Self Sufficiency Program 2014. The meaning of self sufficiency in this case is not only about its availability but also public access to food itself. Public access to the beef can be seen from its price. The price of beef in Indonesia is relatively high compared to other countries. This condition caused public purchasing power on beef to be low. In addition, the high price could not be an incentive for breeders to increase beef production. Based on this problem, this research aim to analyze the factors that affect the price of beef in Indonesia. This research used time series data form in period 2008 to 2013. As a result, based on descriptive analysis the price of beef in Indonesia is affected by its distribution chain. On the other side, based on multiple linear regression model there are three variables that affect the price of beef in Indonesia such as the price of beef earlier periode, Eid celebration, and volume of beef import.
Keyword: daging sapi, harga, swasembada

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell