Judul: Association of AHSG and BHMT Gene Polymorphisms with Fatty Acid Composition and Cholesterol in Sheep
Abstrak: Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein (AHSG) and Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase (BHMT) genes are excellent candidate genes that affect fatty acid composition in sheep. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the association of Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) and Betaine Homocysteine Methyltransferase (BHMT) gene polymorphisms with fatty acid composition and cholesterol in lambs. This study was conducted in two stages, identification of AHSG and BHMT gene polymorphisms and their associations with fatty acid composition and cholesterol in sheep. This study used a total of 67 rams of 12 months with average body size of 25-30 kg, consisted of 20 heads of Javanese Fat-Tailed (JFT) sheep, 17 heads of Javanese Thin-Tailed (JTT) sheep, 10 heads of Composite Garut (CG) sheep, 10 heads of Compass Agrinak (CA) and 10 Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC) sheep. Identification of AHSG and BHMT gene polymorphisms was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Association of AHSG and BHMT genotypes with fatty acid traits and cholesterol was performed by T-TEST of MINITAB program. AHSG and BHMT genes were polymorphic with three genotypes (GG, GA, and AA) and genotype CC, CT, and TT, respectively. The SNP of AHSG (g.198655287 (G>A) was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, except in Composite Garut (CG), Compass Agrinak (CA) and Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC) sheep breeds while the SNP of BHMT (g.9947372 C>T) was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in all sheep breeds, except in Javanese Fat-Tailed (JFT) sheep breed. The SNP g.198655287 (G>A) SNP of AHSG gene was significantly (P<0.05) associated with different saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids while g. 9947372 (C>T) SNP of BHMT gene was significantly (P<0.05) associated with heptadecenoic acid (C17:1), myristoleic acid (C14:1) and stearic acid (C18:0). Individuals with AA genotype had a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) compared to individuals with GG genotypes, also individuals with AA genotypes had more average values of EPA compared to individuals with GG genotypes and higher content of DHA compared to individuals with GA individuals while for BHMT gene, individuals with genotype CT had higher mean value of stearic acid (C18:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1). Both genes were not significantly (P>0.05) associated with cholesterol content in all sheep breeds. SNP g. 198655287 (G>A) of AHSG gene and SNP g. 9947372 (C>T) of BHMT may be useful candidate markers for selecting and producing sheep meat having desirable and healthy fatty acids.
Keyword: Fat, meat, MUFA, Polygene, SNP, Lemak, daging, MUFA, Polygene, SNP

Judul: Characterization of DGAT1 Gene as Candidate Marker for Quality and Nutrition of Indonesian Sheep
Abstrak: Kualitas daging domba premium melalui peningkatan nilai gizi yang terkandung dalam daging melalui potensi gen diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keragaman gen DGAT1 pada SNP g.8539 C>T serta kaitannya dengan perbaikan kualitas dan gizi (flavour dan odour, asam lemak, kolesterol, mineral, dan karakteristik karkas) daging domba Indonesia. Total sampel domba yang digunakan keragaman gen DGAT1 254 sampel berumur 10–12 bulan dengan jenis kelamin jantan yang terdiri dari domba ekor gemuk (DEG) (n=20), domba ekor tipis (DET) (n=107), domba komposit garut (DKG) (n=10), domba compass agrinak (DCA) (n=10), domba barbados cross (DBC) (n=10), domba garut (DG) (n=20), domba jonggol (DJ) (n=27) dan domba lokal jambi (DLJ) (n=50). 100 sampel digunakan untuk asosiasi gen DGAT1 terhadap flavour dan odour, asam lemak, kolesterol, mineral, dan karakteristik karkas. Identifikasi keragaman DGAT1|ALuI dianalisis dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Hasil keragaman gen DGAT1 bersifat polimorfik dalam DET, DG, dan DEG, sedangkan DCA, DBC, DLJ, dan DKG bersifat monomorfik. Dua genotipe CC, dan CT ditemukan dalam DET, DG, dan DEG. Titik mutasi gen DGAT1 berasosiasi (P<0.05) pada flavour dan odour, asam lemak sedangkan titik mutasi gen DGAT1 tidak berasosiasi (P>0.05) pada kolesterol, mineral, dan karakteristik karkas. Gen DGAT1 memiliki kontribusi dalam flavour dan odour yaitu pada senyawa 4-Ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) serta pada konten lemak, asam palmitoleat, dan asam heptadekanoat, The quality of premium sheep meat through improving the nutritional value contained in the meat through the potential gene diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1). This study aims to identify the diversity of the DGAT1 gene with SNP g.8539 C>T access number EU178818 and its relationship to the quality and nutritional value (mineral, cholesterol, flavour and odour, fatty acids, and carcass characteristics) of Indonesian sheep. A total of 254 samples and ages 10-12 months, consisted of javanese fat-tail sheep (JFTS) (n=20), javanese thin-tail sheep (JTTS) (n=107), garut composite sheep (GCS) (n=10), compass agrinak sheep (CAS) (n=10), barbados cross sheep (BCS) (n=10), garut sheep (GS) (n=20), jonggol sheep (JS) (n=27), and jambi local sheep (JLS) (n=50). 100 samples use association DGAT1 gene with mineral, cholesterol, flavour and odour, fatty acid, and characteristic carcass. The diversity of DGAT|AluI were analyzed with PCR-RFLP method. DGAT1 gene were polymorphic in JTTS, GS, and JFTS, and monomorphic in CAS, BCS, JLS, and GCS sheep population. Two type genotypes CC and CT were found in JTTS, GS, and JFTS. SNP g.8539 C>T in DGAT was associated to flavour and odour (P<0.05), and fatty acid, but it was not associated to cholesterol, mineral, and characteristic carcass. DGAT1 gene has contribution to level of flavour and odour through stimulate 4-Ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) molecules and fat content, palmitoleac acid, and heptadecanoat acid.
Keyword: sheep, DGAT1 gene, mineral, cholesterol, flavour and odour, fatty  acid, characteristic carcass, PCR-RFLP.

Judul: Pemanenan Energi Listrik dari Kincir Angin Vertikal
Abstrak: Usaha pemanenan energi angin di Indonesia masih sedikit. Sampai Tahun 2016 hanya 3.54 MW alat pemanenan energi angin yang sudah terpasang. Kendala utamanya ialah dibutuhkan investasi yang besar untuk membuatnya. Pembuatan kincir angin dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil dengan bahan yang dapat dibeli di pasar lokal menjadi solusi agar pembuatan kincir angin lebih ekonomis. Pembuatan kincir vertikal tipe Savonius dapat menjadi solusinya. Kincir vertikal Savonius dapat beroperasi pada kecepatan < 3 m/s dan ketinggian < 50 m. Kincir angin ini terdiri dari tiga sistem, yaitu generator, rotor kincir dan transmisi pulley-belt. Generator dibuat dari modifikasi motor AC dan magnet neodymium. Rotor kincir dibuat dari pipa PVC 4”, pipa alumunium ¾”, dan papan polikarbonat. Transmisi pulley-belt dibuat dari plastik dan karet. Kincir ini membutuhkan gaya minimal 3 N untuk dapat berputar atau torsi minimalnya 0.75 Nm. Kecepatan angin yang dibutuhkan untuk merotasikannya sebesar 1.9 m/s. Daya maksimal yang dapat dihasilkan ialah 5.76 watt berupa tegangan sebesar 36 volt dan arus 160 mA.
Keyword: energi terbarukan, generator, motor AC, sudu Savonius