Judul: Pengaruh Daerah Peralihan terhadap Distribusi Herpetofauna di Kawasan Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation, Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan, Provinsi Lampung
Abstrak: Edge effect is tendency of differences in species composition or abundance of the transition area and core area. Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation Area (TWNC) is part Bukit Barisan Selatan National park. TWNC area consists of various types of habitats which are expected to affect composition, diversity and distribution of herpetofauna in the area. Research was carried out to determine differences in species composition, species diversity and distribution between the transition area and core area. Research was carried out in Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation and Laboratory of Environmental Analysis and Modelling of Spatial Faculty of Forestry IPB, in August 2009-January 2010. Amphibian and reptile were collected using Visual Encounter Survey (VES) with transect design method in coastal forests, lowland forests, gardens, transition area between the coastal forest and lowland forest as well as the transition area between the garden and lowland forest. Total amphibians found are 19 species. All species of amphibians are found along transects. There were 33 species of reptiles, consisting of 18 species found in transects and 15 species outside transects. Herpetofauna species composition differs among habitat types, as well as between transition area and core area. In core area, lowland forests have the highest number of amphibian species (14 species), followed by garden (8 species) and coastal forest (3 species). Lowland forests and coastal forest have the same number of species (10 species) of reptiles and garden (8 species). Number of species in transition area is 5 species of amphibians and 2 species of reptiles between coastal forest and lowland forest and 2 species of amphibians and 2 species of reptiles between garden and lowland forests. Differences in habitat type did not influence the value of species diversity index except for number of individual. More amphibians are found in low land forest area whereas reptile is found more on coastal forest. Spatial distribution of amphibian tends to congregate in lowland forest area consisting more micro habitats, close to fresh water source and protected from dessication. Reptile tends to distributed randomly due to its higher mobility that amphibian. Lower number of herpetofauna found at the transition area compared to core area, show that edge effects is negatively impacted the distribution of herpetofauna especially in fragmented area.
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Judul: Amphibian diversity in Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Lampung-Bengkulu
Abstrak: Sebagai bagian dari keanekaragaman Indonesia, amfibi berperan secara ekologis dan ekonomis. Seperti organisme lainnya, keberadaan amfibi tergantung pada habitatnya. Sumatra memiliki sekitar 110 jenis amfibi. Tetapi, penelitian amfibi di Sumatra masih sedikit dan tidak menyeluruh. Saat ini belum ada data lengkap mengenai keanekaragaman amfibi Sumatra. Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS) adalah salah satu kawasan konservasi yang merupakan habitat untuk beberapa jenis mamalia yang dilindungi. Herpetofauna TNBBS tidak dianggap sebagai spesies kunci dalam pengelolaan kawasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari komposisi jenis amfibi di TNBBS, membandingkan keanekaragaman jenis amfibi di habitat yang tidak terganggu dan terganggu, serta mempelajari aktivitas, morfologi dan ketidaknormalan morfologis pada amfibi di TNBBS. Pengumpulan data dilapangan dilakukan di TNBBS pada bulan Agustus sampal Oktober 2005 dan November 2005 sampai Januari 2006. Analisis data dilakukan di Bagian Herpetofauna LIPI dan Laboratorium Ekologi Satwaliar Departemen Konservasi Sumberdaya Hutan dan Ekowisata, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Alat yang digunakan dibagi menjadi alat pembuatan jalur (meteran, kompas, GPS, flagging tape), koleksi dan identifikasi spesimen (senter, kantong plastik, jam, alat tulis, panduan identifikasi amfibi, caliper, timbangan pegas, formalin, alkohol, botol spesimen, kapas, jarum suntik, kertas label, kaca pembesar), pengamatan kondisi habitat (termometer, pHmeter, bola ping pong, densiometer) dan alat dokumentasi. Data amfibi dikumpulkan dengan metode Visual Encounter Survey pada jalur sungai dan darat di habitat tidak terganggu dan terganggu. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data amfibi (jenis, jumlah individu, jenis kelamin, snout-vent length atau SVL., berat, ketidaknormalan morfologis) dan data habitat (kondisi cuaca, penutupan tajuk, suhu udara, kelembaban udara, ketinggian dan konsidi sungai). Analisis data dilakukan untuk menghitung keanekaragaman jenis (H'), kemerataan (E) dan indeks nilai penting (INP). Hubungan antara karakteristik habitat dan keanekaragaman jenis diuji dengan -T. Kemiripan habitat dihitung dengan korelasi Pearson dan kemudian dibuat menjadi suatu cluster. Dimorfisme seksual dianalisis secara deskriptif dan diuji dengan uji-T. Ketidaknormalan morfologis dianalisis secara deskriptif. Perhitungan dan analisis statistik dilakukan dengan software Microsoft Excel dan SPSS 12.0. Penelitian dilakukan pada empat tipe habitat (sungai tidak terganggu, darat tidak terganggu, sungai terganggu dan darat terganggu) pada lima lokasi di TNBBS (Way Canguk, Kubu Perahu, Way Sepuntih, Linau dan Ranau). Lokasi beragam dalam ketinggian dari 50 sampai 1200 m.dpl. Habitat beragam dari dataran rendah sampai dataran tinggi dengan penutupan lahan berupa hutan, sawah, kebun, hutan bekas tebangan dan kebakaran. Persen penutupan tajuk rata-rata di habitat tidak terganggu adalah 82.91% dan di habitat terganggu sebesar 62.28%. Suhu udara di habitat tidak terganggu berkisar dari 20.01°C sampai 25.36°C, sedangkan di habitat terganggu berkisar dari 19.46°C sampai 25.77°C. Kelembaban udara berkisar dari 91-99% di habitat tidak terganggu dan berkisar antara 84-99% di habitat terganggu. Lebar rata-rata sungai yang diamatiadalah 4.87 m. Kecerahan air dan pH termasuk dalam kisaran normal yang dapat mendukung kehidupan katak. ...
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Judul: Sintesis Glukosa Oleat dengan Berbantuan Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Carbohydrate-based esters of fatty acids are nonionic surfactants which are nontoxic, odorless, tasteless, and biodegradable. Glucose oleic acid is one of them. It can be synthesized by reacting glucose pentaacetate (GPA) and methyl oleate with conventional heating for 6 hours, which is slow and time-consuming. Therefore, organic synthesis has been developed by employing microwave irradiation, so called Microwave- Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS). This research synthesized glucose oleic acid, from GPA and methyl oleate using MAOS method, to reduce time of reaction and better yield. The parameters observed were melting point (for GPA), free fatty acid content (for methyl oleate), functional group analysis using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and percent of yield. Reaction between GPA and glucose oleic acid was transesterification, while those of methyl oleate was esterification. GPA and glucose oleic acid using MAOS gave faster time of reaction, 5-10 minutes. The results showed that GPA, methyl oleate, and glucose oleic acid were well synthesized, as shown by FTIR spectra. The yield of GPA was 68,52%, with melting point was 94–111 °C. Methyl oleate gave 95,69% yield. Free fatty acid content of methyl oleate was 2,23%. The yield of glucose oleic acid was 47,18%.
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