Judul: Changes in Food Prices and Possible Substitution of Main Carbohydrate Sources in Urban and Rural Communities in Indonesia
Abstrak: Masyarakat Indonesia memiliki ketergantungan cukup tinggi pada komoditas beras sebagai salah satu sumber pangan utama. Angka ketergantungan yang tinggi menyebabkan permintaan beras meningkat sehingga pemerintah harus melakukan impor beras agar tidak terjadi kelangkaan beras. Pemerintah melakukan program diversifikasi sumber karbohidrat utama menggunakan metode substitusi sebagai bentuk usaha untuk mengurangi angka ketergantungan terhadap beras dan bentuk pemanfaatan sumber karbohdirat utama lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh harga pangan pokok terhadap kemungkinan substitusi sumber karbohidrat utama pada wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan menggunakan metode analisis panel data dengan metode Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ubi kayu cenderung lebih cocok dijadikan sebagai komoditas substitusi beras. Diversifikasi sumber karbohidrat utama lebih mudah dilakukan di daerah perdesaan dibandingkan dengan daerah perkotaan., Indonesian people have a high dependence on rice, which is one of the primary food sources. The high dependency rate causes the demand for rice increase as the government must import rice to avoid rice shortage. The government carried out a program to diversify the carbohydrate sources to reduce the dependency of communities on rice. It also purposes to optimize the utilization of carbohydrate sources other than rice. This study aims to determine the effect of staple food prices on the possibility of diversification of the carbohydrate sources in urban and rural areas using panel data analysis method with Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results showed that cassava tends to be more suitable as a substitute commodity for rice. Diversification of the carbohydrate sources is easier to do in rural areas compared to urban areas.
Keyword: Food, Rice, Cassava, Diversification, Substitution, Cross Elasticity, Fixed Effect Model

Judul: Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat di beberapa wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan: Studi ekologi
Abstrak: The study was aim to analyze the ecological factors (food availability, carriying capacity, population density, poverty levels, GDP per capita, education levels) that influence the consumption of carbohydrate food sources in some rural and urban areas. This study was conducted using cross sectional study design, analyzed the 62 district in Indonesia. Data food consumption obtained from Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas 2007). Data food production, population density, poverty levels, GDP per capita of the region, and education level obtained from the Central Statistic Agency (BPS). Data carriying capacity was calculated by formula.Statical test of pearson correlation and stepwise linear regression method were implemented to understand factors that influence consumption of carbohydrate food sources:rice, corn, cassava and sweet potato in rural and urban area. The study show that factor influenced consumption of carbohydrate food sources in rural and urban area was food availability. Factor that influence consumption of carbohydrate food sources in rural and urban area is availability. Factor that influence consumption rice in rural area was food availability, while in urban area were food availability and poverty levels. Factor that influence consumption corn in rural area was poverty levels, while in urban area was food availability. Factor that influence consumption cassava in rural and urban area was population density. Factors that influence consumption sweet potato in rural area were carriying capacity and GDP per capita, while in urban area was poverty levels.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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