Judul: Pengelolaan hutan produksi dan tenaga kerja di Indonesia
Abstrak: Bidang usaha kehutanan yang berkembang di Indonesia masih bertumpu pada pemanfaatan hasil hutan alam berupa kayu. Industri pengolahan kayu masih tergantung pada potensi hutan alam. Kemampuan hutan untuk memasok bahan baku industri semakin menurun, hal tersebut disebabkan oleh laju deforestasi hutan alam yang lebih besar dibandingkan laju penanaman hutan. Apabila hal tersebut tidak segera ditanggulangi maka masa depan hutan Indonesia serta industri kayu akan semakin mengkhawatirkan, sementara masih banyak orang menggantungkan hidupnya pada sektor kehutanan dan industrinya. Pengelolaan hutan yang optimal sangat diperlukan sebagai upaya menjaga kelestarian hutan, pemenuhan kebutuhan industri kayu, dan membuka lapangan pekerjaan bagi masyarakat.
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Judul: Kemandirian Masyarakat Desa Sekitar Hutan Dalam Melakukan Usaha Agroforestri (Studi Kasus Usaha Agroforestri Tanaman Kopi Dan Tanaman Kehutanan Di BKPH Pengalengan KPH Bandung Selatan, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat Dan Banten)
Abstrak: Pengelolaan hutan di Indonesia banyak menghadapi masalah, yaitu kurang meratanya potensi sumberdaya hutan, perkiraan adanya degradasi hutan akibat penebangan yang tidak tepat, illegal logging, tekanan penduduk yang terus meningkat, timbulnya lahan kritis dan lahan kosong, kemungkinan terjadinya kebakaran hutan, serta adanya HPH non industri maupun industri non HPH. Kerusakan hutan saat sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan, baik pada hutan produks i, hutan konversi, bahkan telah merambah pula ke kawasan hutan lindung. Di satu pihak, hutan lindung ini memiliki fungsi yang sangat vital bagi kehidupan manusia, yaitu sebagai perlindungan sistem peyangga kehidupan untuk mengatur tata air, mencegah banjir, mengendalikan erosi, mencegah intrusi air laut, dan memelihara kesuburan tanah. Namun di lain pihak, karena desakan ekonomi yang terus meningkat sementara lahan pertanian dan permukiman semakin sempit, maka lahan hutan merupakan sasaran utama untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan hidup khususnya bagi masyarakat desa sekitar hutan. Perambahan dan penjarahan hutan merupakan masalah utama bagi pengelolaan hutan khususnya hutan-hutan di Pulau Jawa.
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Judul: DNA Extraction and Characterization of Salmonella‟s Lytic Bacteriophage Genome
Abstrak: Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and are known to proliferate wherever their bacterial hosts exist. Their virion particles can exist independently outside the host, however all phages are need their host to propagate. Several phages are highly specific to host cell surface receptors and any slight changes in structure results in little or no interaction between the phage and its host. Salmonella‟s phage isolated from sewage water where their bacteria exist. Three isolated of phages (phages 15, 19 and 38) were used in this research that concentrated using three types of methods. PEG/ NaCl method was firstly used to concentrate the phages based on their molecular weight to precipitate the phage particles during centrifugation. The second method was Scraping Plaque method. In this method, overlay plaques were scraped and collected in SM buffer to get phage concentrates. Enrichment method was the last method used to concentrate the phages. Phage genome isolation was done using two methods i.e. EDTA/SDS and Proteinase K methods. The first method was done using DNase I to eliminate bacterial DNA followed by SDS/EDTA treatment to release phages DNA and phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol to extract the DNA. DNA was collected by isopropanol extraction. While in Proteinase K method, bacterial DNA was eliminated by DNase I and Proteinase K/SDS was used to degrade phages capsids and ethanol for DNA precipitation. The result showed that PEG/NaCl method resulted the highest phage concentration for phage 15 and phage 19, while scrapping method was the highest for phage 38. The quantity and purity of extracted DNA were low for PEG/NaCl and Scraping methods, while Enrichment method was higher indicated higher purity. Run on agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted DNA confirmed that Enrichment method results were the best while scraping and PEG/NaCl method was appeared smear background. Based on DNA genome size determination, the bacteriphages of Salmonella sp were comparable with other study of Salmonella phages. Phage P15 with genome size of 39,5 kb was close to phage epsilon15. Phage P19 with genome size of 41 kb was close to phage ST160. And phage P38 with genome size of 48,5 kb was close to phage Gifsy-1.
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