Judul: Process Pelformance of Patchouly Oil Distillation at Different Steam Pressure and Bulk Density
Abstrak: Patchouly oil is one of important export commodities for Indonesia. The patchouly oil demand raising up along with the increasing of perfumes necessity for human being. Most of the current patchouly oil processing is performed by small-scale industries. The technology used on the such processing industries is simple compared to large-scale one, thus the patchouly oil quality and yield is not sufficient. The affecting factors for the oil's yield and quality on steam distillation are steam pressure and bulk density in the distillation vessle.
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Judul: Pengaruh Cara dan Lama Pengeringan Terna Nilam Terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Minyak Nilam
Abstrak: One of problems of patchouli oil industry in Indonesia were the yield and the quality of patchouli oil that were still low. One of factors that affect the yield and the quality of patchouli oil is drying of patchouli herb before distillation. The research aim are to determine the effect of drying method and drying time on the yield and the quality of patchouli oil. The experimental design used in this study was factorial completely randomized design of (3 x 4) factosr with two replication. Factors used were the method of drying (dried patchouli without sunlight for 9 days, patchouli were dried in the sun for 2 hours and then aerated for 8 days, patchouli were dried in the sun for 4 hours then aerated for 5 days, patchouli were dried in the sun for 6 hours and then aerated for 4 days) and placement during drying (floor, shelf and hanging). Method of drying and drying time significantly affected moisture content of patchouli herb, refractive index, specific gravity, acid number, ester number and solubility in alcohol of patchouli oil, but its did not give significant effect on the yield, color, and optical rotation of patchouli oil. The longer of drying time tends to cause bulk density, optical rotation, and acid number of patchouli oil are increase, but the water content, solubility in alcohol, and ester number of patchouli oil are decreases. The best treatment in this research was drying of patchouli herb on the shelf and dried in the sun for 4 hours then aerated for 5 days, with the yield of 2.99%, water content of 15.12%, oil color is yellow, bulk density of 0.9676, refractive index of 1.5090, optical rotation of (-) 57.78, soluble in alcohol 90% with a ratio of 1:4, acid number of 2.239, ester number of 13.141, and patchouli alcohol content of 39.54%.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular