Judul: Pendugaan Potensi Kandungan Karbon Pada Tegakan
Abstrak: Climate change constitutes a global phenomenon which is triggered by human activities, particularly those which use fossil fuel (BBF) and convert land uses. Such phenomenon had been discussed by various parties, and the effects of this phenomenon are very significant on the life of organisms, if there is no any prompt action of prevention. One the of the most effective technique for reducing green house gas emission is utilizing the natural feature of tree as CO2 absorber. The choice of sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L Nielsen) in this research was because the sengon trees occcur in nearly all areas of people forest (forest owned by people or private owned forest) and could grow in nearly all types of soil. The objective of this research was learning the content of carbon (C) and estimating the carbon potency in sengon stand at various parts of the tree in people forest. Selection of sample trees in each diameter class was conducted by purposive sampling, starting from diameter class 5-10 cm to those of 50 cm upward. Carbon estimation was conducted in tree parts, namely roots, stump, stem, branch, stem after the first branch, twigs, and leaves. Afterwards, laboratory test was conducted to determine the carbon content in each part of the tree. From the results, selection of the best equation was conducted by using regression analysis based on statistics values and test of differences. Results show that there were different pattern of biomass growth between tree parts in line with the increase of diameter class, followed by increase of carbon contents of tree parts in each diameter class. Potency of carbon content of sengon stand in people forest was 77.445 ton C/ha. The greatest potency of tree carbon content in sengon stand was in diameter class of 50 cm upward, namely 34.379 ton C/ha whereas that of the lowest in diameter class 5-10 cm, namely 0.078 ton C/ha. Percentage of carbon content in various tree parts of sengon was the highest in stem part, namely 47.299 %; whereas that of the lowest was in leaves, namely 36.119 %. Selected model for carbon estimation based on root diameter for diameter < 5 cm was C = 10.9 D1.94; those for root diameter > 5 cm was C = 43,65 D4,84 H-2,53, for stump was C = 30.2 D1.93 H1.07, for stem was C = 24.5 D1.95 H1.19, for branch was C = 43,65 D2,11 H0,94, for stem after the first branch was C = 38,9 D2,16 H1,13 , for twig was C = 1.445,4 D2,82, for leaves was C = - 0,446 + D10, and for the whole part of tree was C = 69.1 D2.14 H0.783.
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Judul: Potensi karbon di atas permukaan tanah pada hutan rakyat
Abstrak: Kerusakan lingkungan terutama pencemaran udara olch Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) seperti CO2, CH4, N2O, HFCs, PFCs dan SF6 yang merupakan gas buang industri telah memberikan pengaruh besar dalam perubahan iklim dimana dicirikan oleh peningkatan suhu udara dan perubahan distribusi serta besaran curah hujan. Kegiatan kehutanan yang bertujuan mengurangi pemanasan global yaitu: Carbon Conservation, Carbon Sequestration dan Carbon Substitution Negara Indonesia mempunyai peluang sangat besar untuk ikut melaksanakan kegiatan pengurangan pemanasan global melalui kegiatan hutan rakyat. Metode yang digunakan dengan pendekatan biomassa. Pengukuran dilaksanakan menggunakan petak ukur berukuran 5 m x 40 m. Biomassa tumbuhan bawah dan serasah diperoleh dengan melakukan pemanenan. Untuk menduga biomassa tegakan, tunggak dan nekromass dihitung dengan persamaan alometrik. Potensi karbon tegakan dan tunggak dihitung dengan mengalikan biomassa dengan faktor konversi 0,5. Sedangkan potensi karbon nekromass, tumbuhan bawah dan serasah diperoleh dengan mengalikan faktor konversi sebesar 0,4 terhadap nilai biomassa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari kandungan karbon di atas permukaan tanah dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kandungan karbon. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh potensi karbon total berkisar antara 15,56 MgC/ha hingga 194,97 MgC/ha untuk umur 0,5 tahun sampai 7,5 tahun. Peningkatan karbon dipengaruhi oleh pertambahan bidang dasar tegakan. Data bervariasi pada setiap petak ukur dengan umur yang sama. Variasi meliputi ukuran diameter, kerapatan pohon, bidang dasar dan jenis tanaman disebabkan oleh perbedaan pola pengelolaan (penanaman, pemupukan, penjarangan, pemeliharaan dan penebangan) dari setiap pemilik lahan. Kandungan karbon pohon memberikan konstribusi terbesar yaitu sebesar 86,77%. Potensi karbon non pohon cenderung sama pada setiap kenaikan umur dengan konstribusi sebesar 2,71% terhadap nilai karbon total. Potensi karbon tunggak menurun dengan bertambahnya umur sedangkan nilai karbon nekromass hampir sama dengan pertambahan umur. Potensi karbon tunggak dan nekromass dipengaruhi oleh oleh aktifitas penebangan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi. Potensi karbon tunggak dan nekromass memberikan konstribusi sebesar 3,10% dan 0,73% terhadap nilai karbon total. Potensi karbon tumbuhan bawah dan serasah tidak konstan mengikuti pertambahan umur yang dipengaruhi oleh kerapatan tegakan dan pembersihan lahan. Tumbuhan bawah dan serasah memberikan konstribusi sebesar 0,33% dan 1,70% terhadap nilai karbon total...
Keyword: Karbon Hutan, kandungan karbon, pengelolaan hutan rakyat

Judul: Antibody Responses against Newcastle Disease and Evaluation of Infectious Bronchitis Maternal Derived Antibody on Vaccinated Layers.
Abstrak: Information of maternal derived antibody (MDA) and onset of immunity after vaccination is important to determine appropriate vaccination programme of chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate duration of Infectious Bronchitis (IB) MDA and evaluate onset of immunity Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination among layers. All layers were vaccinated using live ND and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) at one day old age, and received Avian Rhinotracheitis (AR) vaccine at 4 day old age. Serum samples were collected at various ages: 7, 10, 14, 20, 22, 24, 29 and 35 day old. The presence of ND antibodies was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whilst the presence of IB antibodies was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study showed that ND antibodies were at positive level until 24 day old age, and reached protective level ≥ 25 only at 7 day old age, whilst IB MDA were positive up to 17 day old age. This result indicating the needs of ND booster vaccination at least at 24 day old and IB vaccination at 17 day old age.
Keyword: antibody, Infectious Bronchitis, layers, Newcastle Disease, vaccination