Judul: Evaluation of Dietary Cinnamaldehyde Supplementation On The Growth, Nutrient Utilization, Protein Sparing, and Fillet Quality of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Abstrak: Cinnamaldehyde is an active organic compound and an aromatic aldehyde substance found in cinnamon oil. It is a new feed supplement for animals that can improve growth, nutrient digestion and absorption, lipid use, and immunity. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary trans-cinnamaldehyde 98 % (CIN) on nutrient utilization, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Juveniles used was weighing at about 19.77 ± 0.10 g received dietary CIN at different doses (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g/kg feed). The fish were maintained in a glass aquarium of 95 × 45 × 35 cm3 in size at a stocking density of 20 fish per aquarium and fed three times a day to clear satiation. Dietary carbohydrate digestion and absorption were significantly improved in fish fed 0.75 g/kg CIN, as indicated by increased amylase activity and glucose tolerance test. The latter was subsequently confirmed by increases in relative ir, glut4, hx and gs expression that indicated the increase in glucose absorption led to an increase in glucose utilization as an energy source and the synthesis of glycogen as an energy reserve. Interestingly, dietary CIN supplementation also resulted in the downregulation of fas, which facilitates the conversion of glucose to fatty acids, and the upregulation of cpt1a and hsl, indicating increased fatty acid oxidation for energy. CIN at a range of 0.5–0.75 g/kg improved the antioxidant status in the liver, as illustrated by elevated glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (both P < 0.05). Final weight, feed consumption, the specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein retention increased were significantly in all CIN groups, with the highest values reached in the 0.5 g/kg CIN (all P < 0.05). Based on a polynomial orthogonal analysis of the fish-specific growth rate, the optimum dosage of CIN inclusion is 0.42 g/kg.
Keyword: antioxidant

Judul: Growth Performance of Tilapia Oreochromis sp. Fed with Citral Addition by Coating Method
Abstrak: Citral merupakan senyawa bioaktif feed additive yang dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan karbohidrat. Feed additive yang ditambahkan pada pakan dengan metode coating diduga akan berbeda dengan yang dicampurkan pada saat pembuatan pakan karena adanya risiko leaching. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan citral pada pakan secara coating dengan dosis yang berbeda terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan antioksidan ikan nila Oreochromis sp.. Penelitian terdiri atas empat perlakuan yaitu pakan tanpa tambahan citral (C0) sebagai kontrol negatif, pakan dengan dosis citral 100 mg kg-1 menggunakan metode repelleting (CR100) sebagai kontrol positif, serta pakan dengan dosis citral berbeda menggunakan metode coating yaitu 150 mg kg-1 (CC150), 200 mg kg-1 (CC200) dan 250 mg kg-1 (CC250). Ikan nila dengan bobot awal 1,96, Citral is a bioactive feed additive compound that can improve carbohydrate utilization. Feed additives added to feed by coating method are expected to be different from those mixed during feed preparation due to the risk of leaching. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of adding citral to feed by coating with different doses on the growth and antioxidant performance of Oreochromis sp. tilapia. The study consisted of four treatments, namely feed without added citral (C0) as a negative control, feed with a dose of citral 100 mg kg-1 by repelleting method (CR100) as a positive control, and feed with different doses of citral by coating method, namely 150 mg kg-1 (CC150), 200 mg kg-1 (CC200) and 250 mg kg-1 (CC250). Tilapia with an initial weight of 1.96±0.00 g were reared in aquariums measuring 50 x 50 x 40 cm at a density of 15 fish per aquarium (200 fish/m3) for 60 days. The test feed was given with a frequency of three times a day at 08.00, 12.00 and 16.00 WIB at satiation. The results showed that the growth performance of tilapia given citral with both repelleting methods was better than feed without citral and with coating method. The CR100 positive control treatment produced the highest final biomass (Bt), final individual weight (Wt), specific growth rate (LPS), total feed consumption (JKP), protein efficiency ratio (REP), and protein retention (RP) and the lowest feed conversion ratio (RKP) than the citral treatment with the coating method at higher dose. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzyme in CR100 treatment also showed higher results than other treatments. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that tilapia with citral by repelleting method at a dose of 100 mg kg-1 feed (CR100) produced the best growth performance and SOD activity compared to the coating method at higher doses.
Keyword: growth, tilapia, citral, coating, superoxide dismutase

Judul: Pembangunan Perumahan Pada Wilayah Desakota Kaitannya Dengan Sistem Sosial Masyaraka t Asli
Abstrak: Faktor utama yang banyak mempengaruhi meningkatnya jumlah perumahan dan pemukiman pacta wilayah desakota adalah adanya tekanan populasi sebagai akibat dari migrasi besar-besaran menuju daerah desakota. Dengan kata lain, lokasi perumahan atau pemukiman menjadi tak memiliki banyak pilihan lagi, kota telah sesak dan sasaran selanjutnya para pengais materi di daerab kota adalab wilayah desakota. Masyarakat asli yang sejak lama tinggal di wilayah desakota merupakan bagian dari masyarakat desakota yang perlu diperhatikan. Baik disadari maupun tidak disadari, perubaban pada masyarakat asli desakota akan terjadi karena masyarakat selalu dalam keadaan dinamis. Selain itu perubahanjuga akan terjadi dikarenakan masyarakat adalah sistem yang terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang berhubungan serta berintegrasi secara fungsional, sehingga perubaban pada satu fungsi dari masyarakat akan mempengaruhi fungsi lainnya.
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