Judul: Antibiotic resistance patterns of Pasteurella multocida (Type B) isolated from Cattle in Indonesia
Abstrak: Septicemia hemoragik adalah penyakit pasteurelosis akut, sangat fatal pada sapi, kerbau, domba dan kambing yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi yang serius di daerah tropis dan subtropis di Asia dan Afrika. Serotipe Pasteurella multocida yang bertanggung jawab atas penyakit yang ditemukan di Asia adalah serotipe B:2 sedangkan di Afrika adalah serotipe E:2. Untuk mengobati infeksi bakteri, antibakteri atau antibiotik boleh digunakan. Namun, karena penggunaan antibiotik yang terus menerus, banyak strain P. multocida dan spesies bakteri lainnya yang resisten telah muncul. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efektivitas berbagai antibiotik yang meliputi bacitracin, vancomycin, oxytetracycline, enrofloxacin, gentamicin, ampicillin, dan erythromycin terhadap Pasteurella multocida yang diisolasi dari sapi yang diduga menderita septikemia hemoragik di Indonesia. Sensitivitas antibiotik dengan antibiotik yang berbeda diperiksa dengan metode difusi disk dan ditemukan resisten terhadap bacitracin, vankomisin, ampisilin, dan eritromisin. Meskipun P. multocida cukup sensitif terhadap oksitetrasiklin, disimpulkan bahwa enrofloksasin dan gentamisin adalah antibiotik yang paling efektif yang dapat digunakan dalam pengobatan septikemia hemoragik karena sensitivitasnya yang tinggi.
Keyword: Pasteurella multocida, resistensi antibiotic, septicemia hemoragik

Judul: Tipe-tipe E.multocida Penyebab SE Pada Sapi Dan  Kerbau di Indonesia Dan Asia
Abstrak: Penyakit menular yang juga banyak meminta korban pada ternak hewan di Indonesia adalah penyakit ngorok ( septichae-mia haemorrhagica, pasteurellosis mul tiseptica). Penyald t ini buat pertama kali ditemukan di negeri kita pada 1890, walaupun semulanya di beri nama. "sampar hew an busung". Pada tahun-tahun berikutnya penyakit ini dilaporkan oleh berbagai doKter hev1an. Kemudian Van Ecke dapat memisahkan dari bahan penyakit kerbau mati karena sampar hewan, suatu kuman yang ternyata dapat digolongkan pada bakteri yang menyebabkan septichaemia haemorrhagica.
Keyword: septichaemia haemorrhagica, Pasteurella multocida, vaccination

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm