Judul: Antimicrobial Activity of Bacteriocins Produced by Lactobacillus plantarum against Patogenic Bacterias during Store at Cold Temperature
Abstrak: Masalah keamanan pangan masih merupakan kendala utama dalam produk makanan. Mutu dan keamanan pangan perlu diperhatikan karena dapat membahayakan kesehatan bagi konsumen. Alternatif dalam mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah dengan pengolahan dan pengawetan. Metode pengawetan yang telah banyak diaplikasikan adalah penambahan bahan pengawet pada makanan, baik bahan pengawet alami maupun yang sintetis. Pemilihan bahan pengawet yang sangat dianjurkan adalah bahan pengawet alami. Beberapa isolat asal daging seperti Lactobacillus plantarum 1A5, 1B1, 2B2 dan 2C12 telah mampu menunjukkan aktivitas antimikrob melalui uji antagonistik terhadap bakteri patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari aktivitas antimikrob plantarisin asal L. plantarum 1A5, 1B1, 2B2, dan 2C12 melalui sensitivitas plantarisin selama penyimpanan suhu dingin (10 °C) terhadap bakteri patogen yaitu Salmonella enteritidis ser. Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Eschericia coli ATCC 25922, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 dan Bacillus cereus. Penyimpanan di suhu dingin yang dilakukan selama 15 hari, melalui uji antagonistik dengan metode difusi sumur terhadap kelima bakteri indikator. Proses karakterisasi diawali dengan pemeriksaan kemurnian isolat bakteri asam laktat dan bakteri patogen indikator melalui metode pewarnaan Gram. Proses selanjutnya yaitu memproduksi plantarisin 1A5, 1B1, 2B2 dan 2C12 melalui tahapan purifikasi meliputi purifikasi parsial dengan menggunakan amonium sulfat, dialisis, dan purifikasi dengan menggunakan kromatografi pertukaran kation. Keempat galur L. plantarum ditumbuhkan pada media de Man Rogosa and Sharpe broth (MRSB) yang disuplementasi dengan yeast extract (YE) 3%, lalu diinkubasi selama 20 jam, kemudian disentrifugasi pada kecepatan 10.000 rpm untuk mendapatkan supernatan antimikrob. Supernatan antimikrob disaring menggunakan membran saring Sartorius untuk mendapatkan supernatan bebas sel, yang kemudian pH supernatant dinetralkan menjadi 5,8 – 6,2. Proses purifikasi parsial siap dilakukan dengan menjenuhkan larutan dengan menggunakan amonium sulfat 80%. Presipitat plantarisin didapat dan didialisis dengan menggunakan membran dialisis. Proses dialisis akan menghasilkan plantarisin kasar, kemudian plantarisin kasar dimurnikan dengan teknik kromatografi pertukaran kation untuk memperoleh plantarisin murni. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa plantarisin asal galur L. plantarum 1A5, 1B1, 2B2, dan 2C12 setelah mengalami penyimpanan suhu dingin selama 15 hari masih mempunyai aktivitas antimikrob terhadap bakteri patogen indikator. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keempat plantarisin asal galur L. plantarum masih aktif setelah mengalami penyimpanan suhu dingin (10 °C).
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Judul: Produksi Bakteriosin Asal Lactobacillus plantarum sebagai Antimikrob dan Pengujian Ketahanannya terhadap Panas
Abstrak: Bacteriocin is commonly used to biopreservative agent in food. Bacteriocin is an antimicrobial substance that is capable to inhibit toward pathogenic and food borne bacteria. It was reported that indigenous isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from Indonesian local beef producing an antimicrobial substance (Arief et al., 2008). The objective of this research was to characterize the heat stability of plantaricin at pasteurization and sterilization temperature. The treatments were heat temperature (80 °C for 30 minutes and 121 °C for 15 minutes) and strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (2C12, 1A5, 1B1 and 2B2) usage. The variable was diameter of inhibition zone of antagonistic activity. Antimicrobial activity of plantaricin of Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12, 1B1, 2B2, and 1A5 did not lost after treated at 80 °C for 30 minutes or at 121 °C for 15 minutes. That result showed that plantaricin was stable at pasteurization and sterilization temperature. Plantaricin produced by strains of L. plantarum against indicator bacteria such as Pseudomonas ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enteriditis ser. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 had different activity each other. However, inhibition activity of plantaricin did not lead against Bacillus cereus. Stability of antimicrobial activity of plantaricin to inhibit indicator bacteria after heat treatment proved that plantaricin has a potential as food biopreservative.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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