Judul: Pendugaan Umur Simpan Tepung Cookies Menggunakan Metode Akselerasi Dengan Pendekatan Kadar Air Kritis
Abstrak: Label pangan adalah salah satu kewajiban yang harus dicantumkan oleh produsen pangan. Hal ini diatur dalam UU Pangan no 18 tahun 2012. Informasi umur simpan ditujukan agar konsumen mendapatkan jaminan mutu dan keamanan dari produk yang dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menduga umur simpan tepung cookies yang diproduksi oleh salah satu industri tepung di Bogor. Tepung cookies yang diproduksi merupakan tepung komposit dengan kombinasi bahan utama tepung beras dan tepung sorgum. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah Accelerated Shelf-life Testing (ASLT) yaitu dengan mengkondisikan lingkungan produk yang dapat mempercepat reaksi penurunan mutu. Pendekatan kadar air kritis digunakan pada penelitian karena kadar air merupakan parameter penting dalam menentukan mutu tepung. Tahapan penelitian meliputi penentuan kadar air awal (Mo), kadar air kritis (Mc), penyimpanan sampel pada berbagai RH untuk mendapatkan kurva ISA, penentuan model sorpsi isotermis, uji ketepatan model, penentuan kemiringan kurva (b), pengukuran variabel umur simpan lainnya, serta pendugaan umur simpan dengan menggunakan persamaan Labuza. Model yang tepat untuk menggambarkan kurva isotermis sorpsi pada tepung cookies adalah model Oswin dengan nilai MRD 0,26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur simpan tepung cookies dengan pendekatan air kritis berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) tepung beras pada RH 71% dengan menggunakan kemasan aluminium foil, LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene), dan plastik PP (Poly Propylene) berturut-turut adalah 324 hari, 30 hari, dan 144 hari dan pada RH 82% adalah 172 hari, 16 hari, dan 77 hari., Food labels are one of the obligations that must be included by food producers. This is regulated in Food Law No 18 of 2012. Shelf life information is intended so that consumers can guarantee the quality and safety of the products they consume. The purpose of this study was to estimate the shelf life of cookies flour produced by a flour industry in Bogor. Cookies flour produced is a composite flour with a combination of rice flour and sorghum flour. The method used in this research is Accelerated Shelf-life Testing (ASLT), namely by conditioning the product environment which can accelerate the reaction of quality degradation. The critical moisture content approach was used in this study because the water content is an important parameter in determining flour quality. The research stages include determining the initial moisture content (Mo), critical water content (Mc), storing samples at various RH to obtain the ISA curve, determining the isotherm sorption model, testing the accuracy of the model, determining the slope of the curve (b), measuring other shelf life variables, and estimation of shelf life which is calculated based on the Labuza equation. The best fit model in describing the moisture sorption isothermic curve in cookies flour was the Oswin model with MRD values 0,26. The results show that the shelf life of cookies flour with a critical water approach based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for rice flour at 71% RH using aluminium foil, LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene), and PP (Polypropylene) packaging, respectively was 324 days, 30 days, and 144 days and at 82% RH was 172 days, 16 days, and 77 days.
Keyword: cookies flour, critical moisture content, Labuza, shelf life

Judul: Determination of Shelf Life of Fried Chicken Flour with Critical Moisture Content Approach Method (Labuza Method)
Abstrak: Tepung bumbu mengandung dua atau lebih rempah dengan atau tanpa penambahan bahan pangan lain. Pengolahan menjadi bentuk tepung dapat mencegah terjadinya kerusakan dan memperpanjang umur simpan. Salah satu faktor penting yang mempengaruhi kualitas bahan baku adalah water activity dan relative humidity. Penentuan umur simpan menggunakan metode accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) dengan pendekatan kadar air kritis (labuza). Model persamaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Hasley, Chen-Clayton, Henderson, Caurie, dan Oswin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar air kesetimbangan tepung, pemodelan kurva isotermis sorpsis yang paling tepat, dan lama umur simpan produk. Penyimpanan dilakukan pada 5 RH yang berbeda pada suhu 30oC. Model persamaan terpilih yaitu model Caurie dengan nilai slope 0,9922. Model Caurie digunakan untuk menentukan umur simpan tepung pada kemasan LDPE, PP, dan alumunium foil. Hasil penentuan umur simpan pada aw 0,75 menggunakan kemasan LDPE (1 bulan), PP (3,9 bulan), dan alumunium foil (25,4 bulan); dan pada aw 0,84 menggunakan kemasan LDPE (0,6 bulan), PP (2,2 bulan), dan alumunium foil (14,4 bulan)., Seasoned flour contains two or more spices with or without the addition of other food ingredients. Processing into flour can prevent damage and extend shelf life. One of the important factors that affect the quality of raw materials is water activity and relative humidity. Determination of shelf life using the accelerated shelf-life testing (ASLT) method with a critical moisture content (labuza) approach. The equation model used in this research is Hasley, Chen-Clayton, Henderson, Caurie, and Oswin. This study aims to determine the equilibrium moisture content of flour, the most appropriate modeling of the sorption isothermic curve, and the shelf life of the product. Storage was carried out at 5 different RH at 30oC. The selected equation model is the Caurie model with a slope value of 0,9922. The Caurie model was used to determine the shelf life of flour in LDPE, PP, and aluminum foil packaging. The results of determining shelf life at aw 0,75 using LDPE (1 month), PP (3,9 months), and aluminum foil (25,4 months) and at aw 0,84 using LDPE (0,6 months), PP (2,2 months), and aluminum foil (14,4 months).
Keyword: kadar air kritis, labuza, tepung ayam goreng, umur simpan

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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