Judul: Identifikasi varietas Durio Zibethinus berdasarkan sebaran trikoma daun menggunakan glcm dan pnn
Abstrak: Varietas durian yang terdapat di Indonesia memiliki banyak kemiripan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan sebagian orang sulit untuk membedakan varietas durian yang satu dengan yang lainnya. Varietas-varietas durian dapat dibedakan dengan melakukan ekstraksi fitur pada daun durian. Daun merupakan bagian tanaman yang memiliki karakteristik tertentu sehingga memudahkan proses identifikasi jenis tanaman. Salah satu karakteristik yang menjadi penciri pada daun ialah adanya sebaran trikoma. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode GLCM untuk mengekstraksi sebaran trikoma dan PNN untuk proses klasifikasi. Percobaan dilakukan berdasarkan orientasi sudut GLCM 0°, 45°, 90°, dan 135°. Setiap percobaan diuji pada nilai smoothing parameter (σ) PNN 0.1 sampai 0.9. Identifikasi dilakukan terhadap 100 citra daun berukuran 280 x 280 piksel yang berasal dari 10 varietas durian. Percobaan ini menghasilkan akurasi rata-rata tertinggi sebesar 71%.
Keyword: GLCM, texture extraction, trichomes

Judul: Identifikasi Varietas Durian Berdasarkan Tekstur Daun dengan Metode Ekstraksi GLCM Menggunakan PNN
Abstrak: The diversity and similarity of durian varieties have caused some difficulties to identify durian. In this research, the identification is performed by durian leaf texture extraction. The leaf is selected because it is a characteristic that can be used to differ the type of plant. Identification is performed by texture extraction to anticipate the difficulty of morphology based identification, since durian varieties have similar leaves shape. In this research, identification based on leaf texture is performed using GLCM and PNN. This experiment is based on 0o, 45o, 90o, and 135o GLCM angle orientation. Each angles are tested at 1 pixels, 2 pixels, and 3 pixels distances. They are also tested for PNN smoothing parameter (σ) ranges from 0.1 to 9. Identification is performed using 90 images from 9 varieties of durian and the dimension of image is 281 x 281 pixel. The highest accuracy achieved is 76.67% in 0o angle experiment with 1 pixels distance and 0.1 smoothing parameter (σ).
Keyword: Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN)., leaf texture, Gray Level Co-occurence Matrix (GLCM), Durian identification

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory