Judul: Model simulasi produksi teh di PT Tehnusamba Indah Garut, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Dalam usaha pemerataan pendapatan dan peningkatan taraf hidup rakyat, pada tahun 1986 pemerintah bekerjasama dengan swasta mendirikan pabrik pengolah teh rakyat yang berlokasi di empat kabupaten, yaitu Cianjur, Sukabumi, Tasikmalaya dan Garut. Di dalan operasinya perusahaan mempunyai ketergantungan bahan baku sepenuhnya terhadap perkebunan teh rakyat. Ketergantungan bahan baku ini menyebabkan perusahaan sulit untuk merencanakan tingkat produksi pabrik, karena jumlah dan mutu pucuk teh yang dihasilkan petani belum dapat dikendalikan. Akibatnya perusahaan akan mengeluarkan tambahan biaya jika tingkat produksi lebih rendah (dibawah kapasitas terpasang), atau hilangnya kesempatan untuk memperoleh keuntungan pada saat permintaan pasar tinggi. Model Simulasi Produksi Teh (TEHNUS91) dikembangkan untuk merumuskan perilaku tingkat produksi yang terjadi ke dalam program simulasi komputer. TEHNUS91 ditujukan untuk melihat dampak dari kondisi produksi yang terjadi dengan melakukan analisis terhadap biaya produksi, biaya penyimpanan dan pendapatan yang dapat dicapai. ...
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Judul: Pengembangan model simulasi pendayagunaan mesin di pabrik teh PT Perkebunan Jayanegara Indah, Sukabumi
Abstrak: Pabrik teh PT Perkebunan Jayanegara Indah merupakan perusahaan swasta yang mengelola perkebunan teh sendiri seluas 400 hektar. Selain itu, bahan baku didatangkan dari perkebunan PAP, Jamaras dan Suka Ati yang terletak di sekitar lokasi pabrik. Bahan baku diolah berdasarkan lokasi kebun pucuk teh basah berasal. Keadaan yang membatasi tingkat produksi adalah kapasitas mesin pengering, kapasitas tenaga penggerak dan kemacetan mesin yang bersifat probabilistik. Agar tercapainya proses produksi sesuai parameter pengolahan bubuk teh hitam maka kondisi bottleneck di depan mesin pengering dihilangkan. Kemacetan mesin dapat menyebabkan berkurangnya kapasitas produksi sehingga harus diantisipasi. Tujuan pengembangan model simulasi ini adalah meningkatkan tingkat produksi harian bubuk teh hitam dengan mempertimbangkan jumlah produksi, pengurutan produksi dan kemacetan mesin pengering dan burner, sehingga waktu proses terkendali, waktu penyelesaian produksi terakhir dipercepat dan sarana produksi digunakan secara lebih baik berdasarkan asumi-asumsi yang digunakan. Permasalahan dikaji dengan pendekatan berencana. Teknik simulasi Monte Carlo digunakan untuk mengestimasi kemacetan mesin, sedangkan penugasan mesin menggunakan teknik heuristik. Paket SPITH (Simulasi Produksi Teh Hitam) dikembangkan dengan bahasa pemrograman Visual Basic 5.0. Sistem Manajemen Basis Model dibangun oleh tiga model, yaitu model HitungtArr, Hitung Pros dan SimMesin.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua