Judul: Batas bawah nilai eigen terkecil dari matriks simetrik real
Abstrak: Dalam perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi di kehidupan sehari-hari, banyak diterapkan penggunaan nilai eigen (eigenvalues) dan vektor eigen (eigenvectors) seperti dalam bidang ilmu matematika, mekanika, sistem dinamika, dan sebagainya. Nilai eigen dari suatu matriks sangat dipengaruhi oleh entri-entri matriksnya. Oleh karena itu, mengetahui batas bawah nilai eigen terkecil dari suatu matriks akibat perubahan entrinya menjadi sangat penting. Matriks yang dibahas pada karya ilmiah ini merupakan matriks simetrik real yang entri-entrinya terletak pada suatu selang tertentu. Penentuan batas bawah nilai eigen terkecil dari matriks simetrik real tersebut ditinjau berdasarkan ukuran matriks dan nilai titik-titik ujung selang serta digunakan metode Faddeev-Leverrier untuk menentukan polinomial karakteristik dari matriks simetrik real tersebut.
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Judul: Menentukan Nilai Eigen Real Matriks Menggunakan  Metode Dekomposisi Adomian
Abstrak: Matriks adalah kumpulan bilangan berbentuk persegi panjang menurut baris dan kolom. Salah satu hal yang umum dibahas dari matriks adalah pencarian nilai eigen. Mencari nilai eigen matriks pada dasarnya adalah menentukan akar dari polinom karakteristik. Terdapat kerumitan ketika mencari akar dari polinom berderajat lebih dari empat. Oleh sebab itu, pada karya ilmiah ini pencarian akar dari polinom karakteristik menggunakan Metode Dekomposisi Adomian . Inti dari metode ini adalah mendekomposisi variabel yang diinginkan kedalam deret tak hingga sehingga hasil yang didapatkan berupa pendekatan nilai. Dari hasil percobaan terhadap beberapa contoh matriks berukuran dan didapatkan beberapa keunggulan seperti galat yang relatif kecil, konvengensi yang cepat dan nilai awal yang sudah ditentukan., A matrix is a collection of rectangular numbers according to rows and columns. One of the things that is commonly discussed from matrices is the search for eigenvalues. Finding the eigenvalues of a matrix is basically finding the roots of the characteristic polynomial. There is a problem with finding the roots of polynomials of degree greater than four. Therefore, in this scientific work, the search for the roots of characteristic polynomials uses the Adomian Decomposition Method. The essence of this method is to decompose the desired variable into an infinite series so that the results obtained are in the form of a value approach. From the experimental results on several examples of sized and matrices and obtained several advantages such as relatively small errors, fast convergence and predefined initial value.
Keyword: Error, Adomian Decomposition Method, eigen values, characteristic polynomials

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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