Judul: Pemanfaatan Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) sebagai Bahan Anestesi Alami Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis sp.) dalam Transportasi Sistem Kering.
Abstrak: Kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional, industri minuman, jamu, dan bumbu dapur. Kencur mengandung minyak atsiri, asam sinamat, dan etil ester. Kandungan minyak atsiri pada kencur berkisar 2,4-3,9% yang memiliki senyawa antara lain borneol, kamper, sineol, dan etil alkohol. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan konsentrasi optimum larutan kencur (Kaempferia galanga L.) yang dapat memingsankan ikan nila merah (Oreochromis sp.) dan pengaruhnya pada tingkat kelangsungan hidup dalam transportasi sistem kering. Konsentrasi larutan kencur yang digunakan yaitu 3%, 4%, dan 5%. Konsentrasi terbaik adalah 4% dengan waktu pingsan 2 menit 12 detik dan waktu bugar 16 menit 51 detik. Ikan nila merah pada kondisi statis dalam waktu penyimpanan 120 menit memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 100%. Hasil terbaik setelah simulasi transportasi dengan lama waktu 120 menit yang memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 93%.
Keyword: anestesi, ikan nila merah, larutan kencur, tingkat kelangsungan hidup

Judul: Transportasi Ikan Nila Merah (Oreochromis niloticus) hidup sistem kering dengan anestesi minyak cengkeh
Abstrak: Transportasi ikan hidup sistem kering adalah pengangkutan ikan hidup tanpa media air yang memperhatikan faktor kualitas kemasan, suhu, media pengisi, dan zat anestesi. Minyak cengkeh adalah anestesi berupa minyak yang diekstrak dari daun cengkeh dengan komponen utama yaitu eugenol. Minyak cengkeh biasa digunakan sehari-hari sebagai antiseptik dan anestesi lokal untuk sakit gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi terbaik minyak cengkeh untuk memingsankan ikan nila merah dan menentukan waktu yang aman bagi transportasi ikan nila merah sistem kering untuk tingkat kelulusan hidupnya, baik dalam wadah statis maupun dalam alat simulasi transportasi. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penentuan konsentrasi terbaik minyak cengkeh, pemingsanan ikan dengan minyak cengkeh, dan pengujian tingkat kelulusan hidup ikan menggunakan simulator transportasi selama 60 menit, 120 menit, dan 180 menit dengan 3 kali ulangan. Konsentrasi minyak cengkeh terbaik adalah 0,2 ppt dengan waktu pingsan selama 1 menit 35 detik dan waktu pembugaran selama 8 menit 9 detik. Tingkat kelulusan hidup ikan pada wadah statis yaitu sebesar 100% pada waktu pingsan 240 menit. Tingkat kelulusan hidup ikan menggunakan simulasi transportasi tertinggi yaitu 100% pada waktu pingsan 60 dan 120 menit, sedangkan tingkat kelulusan hidup ikan terendah yaitu 86,7% pada waktu pingsan 180 menit.
Keyword: Anesthetic, clove oil, dry system, red tilapia, survival rate, transport

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite