Judul: Kinetics Inhibition of Ethanol Extract of Asam Gelugur Fruits (Garcinia atroviridis) and Water Extract of Kunci Pepet Rhizomes (Kaempferia rotunda) on Pancreatic Lipase.
Abstrak: Buah asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) dan rimpang kunci pepet (Kaempferia rotunda) merupakan contoh tanaman obat tradisional yang berpotensi sebagai antiobesitas. Mekanisme hambatan kedua tanaman ini dalam menurunkan bobot badan belum diketahui dengan pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi mekanisme hambatan kedua tanaman sebagai antiobesitas terhadap enzim lipase pankreas. Ekstrak air buah asam gelugur mengandung saponin dan ekstrak etanolnya mengandung alkaloid. Ekstrak air rimpang kunci pepet mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin, sedangkan ekstrak etanolnya mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan triterpenoid. Pola kinetika enzim lipase pankreas yang terbentuk setelah penambahan ekstrak etanol buah asam gelugur menyebabkan peningkatan KM sebesar 0.0626 ppm dan penurunan nilai vmaks sebesar 9.0853 ppm/menit. Kinetika enzim lipase pankreas setelah penambahan ekstrak air rimpang kunci pepet mengalami peningkatan KM sebesar 0.0694 ppm dan penurunan nilai vmaks sebesar 3.1760 ppm/menit. Hasil uji kinetika inhibisi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa mekanisme hambatan yang terjadi didu
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Judul: Uji in vitro ekstrak air dan etanol dari buah asam gelugur, pimpang Lengkuas, dan kencur sebagai inhibitor aktivitas lipase pankreas
Abstrak: Buah asam gelugur merupakan marga Garcinia, sering digunakan sebagai obat penurun bobot badan. Lengkuas dan kencur adalah tanaman obat tradisional yang berpotensi sebagai antiobesitas yang mudah didapat dan murah karena telah diteliti mampu menurunkan fosfolipid, trigliserida, serta kolesterol. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi ketiga tanaman sebagai antiobesitas melalui kemampuan ekstrak air dan etanolnya dalam menghambat aktivitas lipase pankreas secara in vitro pada pH 8,0, waktu inkubasi 45 menit, dan suhu 40°C. Penelitian ini menggunakan lipase pankreas manusia (1,4 × 10-5 μg/μL) dan minyak wijen (16,2 μg/μL) sebagai substrat. Ekstrak air dan etanol buah asam gelugur secara berurutan mengandung saponin dan alkaloid. Ekstrak lengkuas mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan kuinon, sedangkan ekstrak etanolnya mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan steroid. Ekstrak air kencur mengandung saponin dan kuinon, sedangkan ekstrak etanolnya mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, dan kuinon. Ketiga tanaman berpotensi sebagai antiobesitas karena berdasarkan hasil uji in vitro mampu menginhibisi aktivitas lipase pankreas. Daya inhibisi tertinggi dari semua ekstrak dicapai oleh ekstrak etanol buah asam gelugur dengan nilai 86,3% pada konsentrasi 150 ppm. Daya inhibisi tertinggi lengkuas dicapai oleh ekstrak etanolnya pada konsentrasi 200 ppm, yaitu sebesar 56,2%. Daya inhibisi tertinggi ekstrak kencur dicapai oleh ekstrak etanolnya dengan nilai 37,6% pada konsentrasi 300 ppm. Nilai-nilai tersebut lebih besar jika dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (Xenical®) pada 100 ppm, yaitu sebesar 10,6%.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite