Judul: Price Discrimination Analysis of Butter in the German Market
Abstrak: Germany is the largest producers of butter among other countries in the EU. The trend of butter production in Germany increase steadily during 2010 – 2013. In 2013, butter production in Germany reach to 491 460 tons and German’s butter production amounted to 25% of the EU butter production. So, Germany has an advantage in butter production compared with other countries in the EU. The advantage in butter production and stock availability of butter strongly supports the development of food industry in Germany. However, there were fluctuations in the average price of butter in Germany during 1999-2010 and it was occurred from year to year. Fluctuation of butter prices can affects business risk, the competition of butter producers, and economic surplus of consumers in the German butter market. One of the strategies which can be done by producers and retailers to survive in the competition is establish right price strategy, such implement price discrimination strategy. Price discrimination strategy aims to get consumer surplus, to increase profits, and to face business competition. The main objective of the study is to analyze butter price discrimination in German market. In detail, objectives of this study are: first, to analyze the necessary conditions (market power, different demand elasticity, and preventing arbitrage) of occurrence in price discrimination of butter products in the German market through structure analysis, second, to analyze demand function of butter products based on types of retail store in Germany, third, to analyze price discrimination of butter products based on regions in Germany, and fourth, to analyze price difference of butter products across types of retail store in Germany. The result shows that the three necessary conditions (market power, different demand elasticity, and preventing arbitrage) for the occurrence of butter price discrimination in the German retail market are fulfilled. The butter industry in Germany has an HHI value of 1 635 and the four-firm concentration ratio (CR4) index reached 71%, which indicates that the German butter industry has either a moderate level of market concentration and an oligopoly market structure with some dominant firms. The oligopoly butter market structure in Germany is dominated by four producers of butter, are: Irish Dairy Board, Campina, Sachsenmilch, and Arla Foods. Market power in an oligopoly is also greatly influenced by some main producers who also produce private label products. We can conclude that the three demand curves (hypermarket, supermarket and discounter) have a negative slope or downward shape (progressive decrease from the upper left to the lower right). This condition is in accordance with the theory of demand that price and quantity have the opposite relationship. The slope of the demand function in the hypermarket is -3.701, -2.883 in the supermarket, and -5.517 in the discounter (largest value of discounter indicates that it is the most elastic of the retail stores). We also can conclude that on the demand side, butter consumption is not discriminating along the demand curve (price and quantity) across regions in Germany. On the supply side, producers and retailers are not discriminating in regards to butter prices across regions in Germany. The mean
Keyword: price discrimination, butter, semi and double logarithm model, the German market

Judul: Analisis strategi bersaing pada produk mentega(Butter)
Abstrak: PT Indomilk melihat bahwa pasar mentega dalam negeri terus berkembang dengan baik dan memberikan peluang bagi Orchid Butter untuk terus dikembangkan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam pemasaran Orchid Butter adalah a) pengaruh lingkungan, daur hidup produk dan tipe bisnis terhadap penentuan strategi promosi, b) produk impor sering melakukan penurunan harga jual dan mendapatkan subsidi harga dari produsen luar negeri, c) dana promosi yang terbatas berkisar antara 7-9 persen dari total anggaran pemasaran, menyulitkan Orchid Butter untuk mengalokasikan dana tersebut ke berbagai alat promosi yang ada. Dalam menjawab masalah diatas maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis a) faktor-faktor lingkungan perusahaan agroindustri mentega yang mempengaruhi penentuan strategi pemasaran yang diterapkan, b) strategi penetapan harga jual, c) daur hidup Orchid Butter dan pangsa pasar yang dikuasai, d) strategi bauran promosi yang diterapkan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah studi kasus pada PT Indomilk. Lokasi ditetapkan dengan sengaja, mengingat PT Indomilk telah duapuluh tahun memproduksi Orchid Butter. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis SWOT, konsep daur hidup produk, Boston Matrix dan analisis bauran promosi. ...
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Judul: Pemeliharaan kawasan rekreasi Taman Impian Jaya Ancol, Jakarta Baycity
Abstrak: Pembangunan awal Taman Impian Jaya Ancol telah ditentukan pada Peraturan Pemerintah No.51 Tahun 1960, dimana dalam peraturan tersebut terdapat penunjukan panitia untuk melaksanakan pembangunan kawasan Ancol sebagai daerah wisata pada tanggal 25 Oktober 1962. Kawasan rekreasi Taman Impian Jaya Ancol yang kini telah menambahkan logonya yaitu Ancol Jakarta Baycity memiliki aspek alami berupa pantai dan laut serta buatan berupa fasilitas rekreasi yang ditunjang dengan teknologi tinggi dalam membentuk keseluruhan lanskapnya. Hal ini bertujuan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap sarana rekreasi.
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