Judul: Efikasi Virus Newcastle Disease Apathogenic sebagai Vaksin Aktif pada Ayam Pedaging.
Abstrak: The research was conducted to study the efficacy of apathogenic Newcastle Disease (ND) virus as a live vaccine in broiler chicken. One hundred chickens were used and divided into three groups. The first group was vaccinated with apathogenic ND active vaccine on day 3 and 16, the second group was unvaccinated (control group), while the third group was used as a 0 day blood sampling. Challenge test was done to determine the protection ability of ND active vaccine at two after second vaccination. Antibody titer was measured from first week until the fourth week during research with haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. The challenged test showed that the mortality number of vaccinated group was smaller (20%) compared to the unvaccinated group (60%). Test results showed that apathogenic ND active vaccine was able to induced antibody titer up to the protective level against the ND virus. Vaccination also able to protect the chicken from ND infection.
Keyword: HI Test, ND active vaccine, Newcastle Disease

Judul: The Immune Response of Newcastle Disease (ND) on Broiler Chicken that were Vaccinated with Newcastle Disease and Avian Influenza in Various Age
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon kebal Newcastle Disease (ND) pada ayam pedaging yang divaksin Newcastle Disease dan Avian Influenza pada berbagai tingkat umur. Hewan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ayam pedaging strain Cobb sejumlah 1500 ekor yang dipelihara sejak umur sehari sampai umur 49 hari. Ayam tersebut dibagi menjadi 5 (lima) kelompok dengan masing-masing kelompok berjumlah 300 ekor. Kelompok A divaksinasi AI pada hari ke-1, kelompok B divaksinasi AI pada hari ke-7, kelompok C divaksinasi AI pada hari ke-10, kelompok D divaksinasi AI pada hari ke-14 dan kelompok E merupakan kelompok yang tidak divaksinasi AI sebagai kontrol. Vaksinasi ND diberikan pada hari ke-4 melalui tetes mata dan vaksinansi ulangan (booster) pada hari ke-18 melalui air minum pada semua kelompok. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah mengukur titer antibodi terhadap ND dari semua kelompok ayam pada hari ke-1, 21, 35 dan 49. Pengukuran titer antibodi ND dilakukan dengan uji Haemaglutinasi inhibisi (HI), dan dianalisis menggunakan one-way ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan vaksinasi Avian Infuenza pada ayam pedaging berpengaruh terhadap pembentukan antibodi Newcastle Disease dan pada kelompok ayam yang tidak divaksin dengan vaksin AI yang dapat membentuk antibodi terhadap Newcastle Disease paling protektif.
Keyword: 

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology