Judul: Identifikasi pola dan proses perubahan pengunaan lahan menggunakan analisis fragmentasi di wilayah peri-urban Kota Makassar Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Peri-urban area hosts resources and environment to support essential ecosystem functions for urban settlements. Growing number of urban residents trigger increasing need of land use conversion for settlements, industries, and businesses. Generally, population growth rate in peri-urban regions is higher than on urban, including in Makassar hading to a land use change vast and dynamic. Pattern and process of land use change in Peri-urban area of Makassar city were analyzed using transition and fragmentation analysis where as actor of the land use change was presented based on semi structured interview. The results of transition matrix analysis presented information regarding land use change pattern. Makassar experienced rapid land use change, for example from rice fields, ponds, and swamps were converted to upland crops and eventually converted to settlements, industries, and businesses. Rice fields to settlements or industries conversion process occurred through land draining and land filling. Land use change was usually preceded by transfer of land ownership. It frequently happened due to government policy and socio-economic condition of the society. Fragmentation analyses of land use were conducted on land use for settlements, industries, and businesses as the major land use pattern in urban areas. The results indicated that Peri-urban of Makassar were very dynamic, not only in spatial perspective but also in terms of complex processes. Fragmentation types such as core, edge, and patch contributed to urban sprawl. Fragmentation process of land use was characterized by perforated type. The decline of patch value could be interpreted as an indication of land agglomeration. Land use change occurred in Peri-urban of Makassar was done by landowners in a variety of ethnicity/race and education levels. It should be mentioned here that construction of public services by the government also contributed to this land use change and its fragmentation.
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Judul: Analisis tingkat perkembangan wilayah dan perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kota Sukabumi
Abstrak: Change in landuse in a city that characterized by dynamic nature and growth is very reasonable. So that, review of land use change is important enough to do in urban area that has rapid changes where generally agricultural land was acquired to meet the needs of land for residential and industrial/service area. Therefore, the purposes of this study are : 1) To Analyze the level of regional development and land use in Sukabumi, 2) To analyze the factors that causes land use changes in Sukabumi City, 3) To analyze land use in Sukabumi City compared with the land capability and the plan of spatial pattern in the Spatial Planning, and 4) To provide strategic policy of direction on land use in Sukabumi City. The result showed that there is only one district that is included in the Hierarchy I region, that is Cikole district. The form of land use in 2002 was dominated by paddy fields (35.13 %), residential (25.24 %) and non-agricultural green space (21.57 %). In the 2007, the dominance of paddy fields and nonagricultural green space are reduced to 34.62 % and 21.09 % accompanied by the increasing of residential to 26.15 %. Based on the results on Hayashi Quantification Type II, the distance to the central government, the distance to arterial roads and the region in Hierarchy II had significantly higher opportunities compared to other explanatory variables to cause land use changes from moor, non-agricultural green space, and paddy fields became the city's infrastructure and residential. From the analysis of land capability, land capability class III is the most land capability class in Sukabumi city (97.8 %). So it can be concluded that the land use in Sukabumi City still approriate with the land capability because land capability class III has a lot of land use options. However, when compared with the plan of spatial pattern in the Spatial Planning Year 2011-2031, there is a significant trend of decreasing area of farmlands from 2.321,43 ha to 375.18 ha and non-agricultural green space from 1.056,37 ha to 485.15 Ha followed by the trend of increasing area of residential from 1.282,48 ha to 2.661,26 ha and city’s infrastructures from 199.15 ha to 1.320,13 ha by the end of year 2031. The priority of strategic policy of direction on land use in Sukabumi City based on SWOT analysis is to establish area zoning with a set of determining and changing criteria of the function of urban space on the implementing of Sukabumi City’s Spatial Planning.
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Judul: Uji Potensi Dan Efikasi Vaksin Inaktif Terhadap Khv Dengan Penambahan Adjuvan Pada Ikan Koi (Cyprinus Carpio)
Abstrak: Koi Herpesvirus (KHV) adalah virus ganas yang menginfeksi ikan mas dan koi pada semua ukuran dan dapat menyebabkan kematian hingga 95%. Wabah KHV pertama kali dilaporkan terjadi di Israel dan Amerika Serikat pada tahun 1998. Penyakit KHV terjadi di Indonesia dilaporkan pertama kali pada bulan April 2002. KHV dapat menyerang berbagai stadia ikan dan menyebabkan mortalitas yang lebih tinggi pada benih dibandingkan ikan dewasa. Ikan yang terinfeksi KHV berwarna putih pucat dan terdapat nekrosis pada filamen insang, mata yang abnormal, produksi lendir yang berlebih, bintik pucat yang kasar pada kulit. Ikan sering berenang ke permukaan dan menunjukkan stress pernapasan, lesu, memisahkan diri pada inlet dan sisi kolam, hilangnya keseimbangan dan disorientasi renang. Pada beberapa kasus wabah KHV, beberapa ikan yang terinfeksi tidak menunjukkan gejala klinis. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan tambahan adjuvan yang dicampurkan pada vaksin. Jenis adjuvant yang digunakan yaitu Complete Freund’s Adjuvant (CFA) dan Incomplete Freund’s Adjuvant (IFA). Adjuvan adalah bahan yang ditambahkan pada vaksin untuk merangsang respon imun. Perbedaan CFA dan IFA terdapat pada komposisi bahan penyusun dimana dalam satu mL CFA terkandung satu mg bakteri Mycobacterium tuberculosis dalam bentuk heat-killed /dried; 0.85 ml paraffin oil; dan 0.15 ml mannide monooleate. Bakteri M. tuberculosis tidak terdapat di dalam IFA. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji potensi dan efikasi vaksin inaktif terhadap KHV dengan penambahan adjuvan pada ikan koi. Vaksin yang digunakan dalam bentuk vaksin yang dilemahkan dengan 0,1% formalin dan adjuvan sedangkan perbanyakan virus dilakukan dengan menggunakan kultur sel KF-1. Ikan uji koi (10,38 ± 1,25 g) dipelihara dalam wadah plastik diaerasi dan diberi pakan dengan pelet dua kali sehari. Setelah 14 hari adaptasi, setiap ikan divaksinasi dengan menyuntikkan 0,1 ml vaksin, kemudian setelah 21 hari ikan diuji tantang dengan menyuntikkan 0,1 ml virus KHV 104,58 TCID50/mL. Penelitian ini terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan (A = vaksin; B = vaksin + Complete Freund’s Adjuvant / CFA; C = vaksin + Incomplete Freund Adjuvant / IFA; K + = kontrol positif, dan K- = kontrol negatif). Parameter uji yang diamati dalam penelitian ini meliputi kelangsungan hidup uji tantang, relative percent survival, gejala klinis KHV, respon imun spesifik berupa titer antibodi dengan uji ELISA, hematologi darah yang diwakili hematokrit, imunitas non spesifik berupa lisosim dan respiratory burst. Analisa histologi juga dilakukan pada organ target insang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelangsungan hidup ikan perlakuan B mencapai persentase tertinggi yaitu 82,22±3,84% dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya (p<0,05). Sedangkan SR kumulatif tertinggi dicapai pada perlakuan B yaitu 78,94±4,55% dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya (p<0,05). Selain itu titer antibodi yang dihasilkan perlakuan B juga lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya dan mencapai puncak pada 7hpv (hari pasca vaksinasi) dan 28hpv yaitu 0,564 nm dan 0,532 nm. Nilai cut off value (CV) atau batas nilai yang menunjukkan positif terbentuknya antibodi protektif terhadap KHV yang diperoleh dalam pengujian ini sebesar 0.377 nm. Kadar hematokrit mencapai puncak tertinggi pada minggu ketiga (21hpv) berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya (p <0,05) yaitu 60,36±0,17% dicapai pada perlakuan B. Aktivitas lisosim tertinggi dicapai perlakuan B pada 21hpv sebesar 217,46±1,76 UI/mL/menit dan berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya (p <0,05). Sedangkan
Keyword: vaksin inaktif, adjuvan, respon imun, Cyprinus carpio, KHV