Judul: Evaluation of Probiotic Administration of Black  Soldier Fly Larvae (BSF) on Internal Organs and Blood Hematology of Broiler  Chickens
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian suplementasi probiotik terhadap persentase bobot organ dalam, panjang relatif organ dalam, dan bobot organ imunitas broiler. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, masing-masing ulangan berisi 10 ekor broiler. Perlakuan penelitian broiler terdiri dari P0 = pakan kontrol tanpa probiotik, P1 = pakan kontrol + 1 ml L-1 probiotik komersial, P2 = pakan kontrol + 1 ml L-1 probiotik larva BSF, P3 = pakan kontrol + 3 ml L-1 probiotik larva BSF, P4 = pakan kontrol + probiotik larva BSF 5 ml L-1. Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase organ dalam, persentase organ imunitas, persentase panjang relatif saluran pencernaan, dan hematologi darah. Hasil analisis evaluasi probiotik larva black soldier fly perlakuan (P4) dengan dosis 5 ml L-1 dapat memperbaiki organ empedu dan panjang relatif organ duodenum. Perlakuan (P1) dengan dosis 1 g L-1 dapat memperbaiki hematologi darah ditunjukkan pada peubah limfosit dan heterofil yang rendah.
Keyword: ayam broiler, hematologi darah, organ dalam, organ imunitas, probiotik  cair larva BSF

Judul: Evaluation of Probiotic Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Black Soldier Fly Maggots Against on the Performance and Blood Profile of Broiler Chickens
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan probiotik bakteri asam laktat asal maggot BSF terhadap performa dan profil darah ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan, 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan menggunakan 10 ekor. Perlakuan terdiri atas P1= ransum basal (kontrol) + placebo, P2= ransum basal + 106 cfu bakteri asam laktat per gram pakan, P3= ransum basal + 107 cfu bakteri asam laktat per gram pakan. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik 106 dan 107 cfu bakteri asam laktat per gram pakan nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan performa fase starter dan jumlah leukosit namun tidak mempengaruhi profil darah dan performa fase grower, finisher, serta selama 28 hari pada ayam broiler. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian probiotik bakteri asam laktat (BAL) asal maggot Black Soldier Fly dengan dosis 106 dan 107 cfu per gram pakan menurunkan performa ayam pada periode starter, tetapi dapat memperbaiki performa ayam pada fase grower, finisher dan selama 28 hari pemeliharaan., This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the addition of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from BSF maggots on the performance and blood profile of broiler chickens. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments, 5 replications, each replication consist of 10 heads. The treatments consisted of P1= basal ration (control) + placebo, P2= basal ration + 106 cfu of lactic acid bacteria per gram of feed, P3= basal ration + 107 cfu of lactic acid bacteria per gram of feed. The results showed that the addition of probiotics at 106 and 107 cfu of lactic acid bacteria per gram of feed decreased (P<0.05) the performance of starter phase broiler chickens and the number of leukosit but did not show a significant difference of the blood cells profile and performance of the grower, finisher, and cumulative for 28 days. The conclusion of this research was that the addition of lactic acid bacteria probiotics from black soldier fly maggots at doses of 106 and 107 cfu per gram of feed decreased performance in the starter period, but it can improve chicken performance at grower, and finisher periods as well as the cumulative performance for 28 days.
Keyword: asam laktat, ayam broiler, performa, probiotik, profil darah

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite