Judul: DNA Barcode as an Alternative of Mantis Shrimp Species Identification
Abstrak: Udang mantis atau yang dikenal dengan udang ronggeng merupakan salah satu anggota Subfilum Crustacea Ordo Stomatopoda, Beberapa spesies udang mantis dikenal sebagai komoditi ekspor dan makanan eksotis. Beberapa udang mantis yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi adalah anggota famili Harpiosquillidae dan Squillidae. Udang-udang mantis tersebut biasa ditangkap dari Laut Jawa dan Laut Cina Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengaplikasikan teknik DNA barcoding sebagai laternatif mengidentifikasi udang mantis sampai ke tingkat spesies. Sebanyak 34 sampel udang mantis berasal dari Jambi, Cirebon, dan Aceh yang digunakan adalah spesimen koleksi yang diawetkan dalam alkohol. Identifikasi spesies dilakukan berdasarkan morfologi. Ekstraksi DNA dilakukan dari otot tungkai dan ruas gen CO1 diamplifikasi sebagai ruas DNA yang dijadikan barcode. Amplifikasi gen CO1 berhasil dilakukan untuk semua sampel yang kesemuanya menghasilkan amplikon yang multiband. Perunutan nukelotida hanya berhasil dilakukan untuk tujuh sampel, yaitu Harpiosquilla harpax (Sampel No. 34 dan No. 37 asal Jambi), Harpiosquilla stephensoni (sampel No. 1 dan No. 2 asal Cirebon), dan Carinosquilla multicarinata (sampel No. 9 dan No. 11 asal Cirebon, dan No. 22 asal Aceh). Berdasarkan ruas gen CO1, C. multicarinata asal Aceh memiliki kekerabatan yang berbeda dengan C. multicarinata asal Cirebon.
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Judul: Pola Distribusi Geografis Pada Udang Mantis Di Laut Jawa Berdasarkan Genom Mitokondria
Abstrak: Mantis shrimp or ronggeng shrimp (Harpiosquilla harpax) is a large sized shrimp. The mostly habitat of mantis shrimp is beach. Shrimps are exploited for trade as an exotic food. Shrimp liked as a source of food because large size and presentation of meat can be as high as 50% by weight. Characteristics stomatopod as predators have two methods to catch prey are smashers and spearers. H. Harpax classified into spearers. This research was conducted to analyze the genetic diversity of mantis shrimp H. harpax in Java Sea and study the distribution based on mitochondrial genome. The sample used is the mantis shrimp H. harpax many as eight tails collection of Dr. Yusli Wardiatno from the Department of Aquatic Resources and Management IPB preserved in ethanol. Amplification was tested in vitro with the technique of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Product amplification is 1100 bp were arranged and phylogeni analyzed. All of the eight sample are successfully amplified. The distribution pattern of mantis shrimp larvae is mainly larvae carried of alongshore current shoreline. According by filogeografi H. harpax in Cirebon water separately with H. harpax in Vietnam. This is evidenced by the value of the farthest genetic distance is between H. harpax Vietnam and H. harpax 3 is 10.5%, while the closest genetic distance was between H. harpax 1 and 6 (group 1) is 1.8%. Genetic Diversity of H.harpax in Cirebon Aquatic based on d-loop segment has a greater value is 5.1% (± 0.005).
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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