Judul: Study on Melamine Contaminant on Food Product and Its Regulatory in Indonesia
Abstrak: In September 2008 there was reports of the incident of melamine tainted milk and milk products in Cina which was afraid marketed in Indonesia. At the time the case of melamine tainted on food was unusual and was a new emerging about food adulteration where the regulation are not established. Therefore the objective of this research was to conduct the study of probability melamine contamination on food and its regulatory in Indonesia. The steps of research were collecting data and references, regulations and result of laboratory testing on melamine on food in Indonesia. Melamine contamination on some food products origin of Cina or raw material that used from Cina. Melamine contaminated milk, candy, snack, preserved egg ‘pitan’, egg powdered and ammonium bicarbonate. Level contaminant is 8.51 mg/kg on soymilk drink to 945.86 mg/kg which found on milk candy which imported from Cina, 0,1 mg/kg and 0,16 mg/kg on pitan egg, 0.13 mg/kg to 7.05 mg/kg on powdered egg and 0.178 to 2.74 mg/kg on biscuits ex Malaysia. The Melamine also found on ammonium bicarbonate as 67.71 mg/kg and 75.98 mg/kg. From 72 samples of infant formula registered in Badan POM, melamine was not detected. The products consisted of 40 samples of domestic product and 32 samples of imported from United States (2 products), Netherland (8 products), Philipphine (6 products), Germany (1 product), Malaysia (1 product), New Zealand (6 product), Singapore (4 product), Spain (2 product), Switzeerland (2 product). Melamine was not detected in raw material of milk powder in milk premise.
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Judul: Review on food microbiological standard in Indonesia
Abstrak: Microbiological standards for processed food in Indonesia are regulated by the Head of NADFC in Decree No. POM. HK.00.06.1.52.4011 2009 pertaining Microbial and Chemical Contamination Limit in Food and by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI). In the implementation, there were several obstacles and some criteria could not be met because they were too stringent or the testing methods were not available. The purpose of this study was to compare the fulfillment of microbiological standards of Indonesia and some other countries in the world against the rules of CAC microbiology criteria, to review microbiological criteria of priority foods and to provide recommendations for their microbiological criteria. The study was conducted by comparing and analyzing the microbiological criteria from Indonesia and 10 other countries, namely Australia and New Zealand, Europe, Philippines, Malaysia, Canada, Hongkong, India, Japan, Singapore and South Africa and recommendation by Codex Alimentarius Comission (CAC) Principles for The Establishment and Application of Microbiological Criteria for Foods (CAC/GL 21-1997). As the case studies, several foods were selected based on several obstacles occurred and their criteria and studied as above. The results showed almost all countries have not comply the rules. The study also showed that Indonesia’s standard for bottled/packaged drinking water, instant coffee and canned food need revision. There were two maximum limit of TPC and discrepancies with the analytical method requirements on drinking water. Forthe purpose of verification of the production process and lot acceptance, it is recommended to set one maximum limit of TPC. The recommendation for TPC sampling plan for drinking water is a three-class sampling plan with n = 5 and c = 2 and a maximum of m = 102 cfu/mL and M = 105 cfu/mL. Analytical methods that can be refered to is ISO or analytical methods other than that specified in the standard, provided that the method of analysis has been validated for its equivalent sensitivity, reproducibility and reliability based ISO/TR/13843 of Water quality-Guidance on validation of microbiological methods. The nature of instant coffee as dry food does not support microbial growth.To anticipate of bad sanitation and hygiene practices, the determination of the maximum limits and sampling plansfot instant coffee can be proposed by a three-class sampling plan with n = 5, c = 2, m = 103 cfu/g and M = 105 cfu/g. While the sampling plan for mold in instant coffee are three-class sampling plan with n = 5, c = 2, m = 102 cfu/g and M = 103 cfu/g. Determination of microbiological criteria in canned food is irrelevant. Commercially sterile process food has a very low number of microorganisme that the criteria can not be applied.It is recommended to simply set adequacy compliance requirements with commercial sterilization process is the test incubation.
Keyword: CAC, microbiological criteria, regulations, sampling plan, standard

Judul: Penyelesaian Masalah Rotasi Aliran Fluida Kental Von Karman Menggunakan Metode Homotopi
Abstrak: Von Karman equation is an equation that describes fluid viscous flow induced by infinite disk rotation. By assuming steady flow and laminar, viscous incompressible fluid flow is represented in Von Karman equation by an angular velocity and the vertical direction velocity as the independent variables. Von Karman equation is a nonlinear problem that is solved using the homotopy method. The use of homotopy method is done by defining an homotopy function that requires auxiliary parameters to control the convergent region of the solution. The solution is a recursive formula with given initial conditions. Using software based-functional shows that velocity components converge to a value.
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