Judul: Pengaruh Kekayaan dan Denda serta Interaksinya terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak pada Program Tax Amnesty.
Abstrak: Pajak merupakan penerimaan negara yang paling dominan, namun melihat kondisi penerimaan pajak saat ini kurang baik dan masih banyak masyarakat Indonesia yang menyimpan harta kekayaannya di negara yang bebas pajak, maka pemerintah membuat program tax amnesty untuk mengembalikan harta tersebut ke dalam negeri dan meningkatkan penerimaan pajak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kekayaan dan denda, serta interaksi antarfaktor dalam memengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak pada program tax amnesty dengan aspek unit dan nilai harta yang diikutsertakan, serta keikutsertaan wajib pajak. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer yang diperoleh dari percobaan ekonomi dengan responden 216 mahasiswa. Melalui uji anova diperoleh hasil bahwa faktor yang signifikan memengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak terkait persentase unit harta adalah kekayaan dan denda, sedangkan untuk persentase nilai harta dan keikutsertaannya hanya denda yang memengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak. Interaksi antara faktor kekayaan dengan denda tidak memengaruhi kepatuhan wajib pajak, namun rata-rata wajib pajak cenderung akan mengikutsertakan hartanya dan cenderung akan lebih patuh apabila dikenakan denda yang tinggi.
Keyword: tax amnesty, kekayaan, denda, percobaan ekonomi

Judul: Pengaruh Denda dan Sistem Tarif serta Interaksinya terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak pada Program Tax Amnesty.
Abstrak: Defisit APBN yang dialami Indonesia mendorong Pemerintah untuk menemukan sumber penerimaan baru. Penerimaan pajak memiliki kontribusi dominan terhadap penerimaan negara. Penerimaan pajak di Indonesia tidak mencapai target setiap tahunnya. Hal tersebut dipicu oleh tingkat kepatuhan wajib pajak yang rendah. Pemerintah mengupayakan solusi untuk masalah kepatuhan wajib pajak melalui program tax amnesty. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh denda dan sistem tarif serta interaksinya terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak pada program tax amnesty.Penelitian ini menggunakan metode percobaan ekonomi. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis keragaman, uji lanjut beda nyata terkecil (BNT), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa denda 200 persen lebih tepat diterapkan saat sistem tarif 2* periode dengan tahapan 2 persen diawal periode dan 8 persen di akhir periode. Denda 400 persen lebih tepat dterapkan saat pelaksanaan tax amnesty 3 periode. Wajib pajak cenderung lebih patuh pada program tax amnesty saat diberikan insentif tarif uang tebusan sebesar 2 persen.
Keyword: percobaan ekonomi, tax amnesty

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable