Judul: Peranan Substitusi N-grams dan Code Shift pada  Algoritma Soundex
Abstrak: Ketidakjelasan akar kata akibat keterbatasan pengetahuan informasi pengguna mengenai nama ilmiah dan sifat temu-kembali nama ilmiah yang hanya memiliki dua kemungkinan hasil temukembali, yaitu ditemu-kembalikan semua atau tidak ditemu-kembalikan sama sekali, menyebabkan sistem temu-kembali kesamaan fonetik untuk nama ilmiah memiliki kinerja yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur kinerja n-grams substitution dan code shift dalam upaya meningkatkan nilai recall dan precision algoritma Soundex. Tercakup di dalamnya proses pembentukan kamus kata nama ilmiah, identifikasi nama ilmiah dalam dokumen, dan proses perangkingan dengan menggunakan dice coefficient. Pengujian menggunakan koleksi dokumen sebanyak 849 dokumen dan 20 jenis query dengan jenis kesalahan yang berbeda. Kinerja temu-kembali dibandingkan antara tidak menggunakan substitusi n-grams dan code shift, hanya menggunakan substitusi n-grams (NS), dan menggunakan substitusi n-grams dan code shift (CS). Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa kinerja substitusi n-grams dan code shift mampu meningkatkan kinerja sistem temu-kembali kesamaan fonetik untuk nama ilmiah. Kedua teknik tersebut mampu 95% menemu-kembalikan nama ilmiah dengan contoh 20 query pengujian tersebut.
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Judul: Peranan Substitusi N-Grams dan Code Shift pada Algoritma soundex
Abstrak: Ketidakjelasan akar kata akibat keterbatasan pengetahuan informasi pegguna mengenai nama ilmiah dan sifat temu-kembali nama ilmiah yang hanya memiliki dua kemungkinan hasil temu-kembali, yaitu ditemu-kembalikan semua atau tidak ditemu-kembalikan sama sekali, menyebabkan sistem temu-kembali kesamaan fonetik untuk naman ilmiah memiliki kinerja yang rendah.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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