Judul: Analysis of Long-Read Sequences of Chloroplast Genome on Calliandra and Nyamplung with MinION Oxford Nanopore Technology
Abstrak: Kaliandra dan nyamplung merupakan jenis tanaman hutan yang memiliki manfaat penting pada penyediaan energi terbarukan tetapi informasi data genetik spesies tanaman bioenergi ini masih belum banyak tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merakit draft data sekuens genom kloroplas dan menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan kaliandra (C. calothyrsus Meisn. ) dan nyamplung (C. inophyllum L.). Penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu ekstraksi dan isolasi DNA dengan metode CTAB, uji kualitas dan kuantitas DNA, sekuensing DNA dengan MinION Oxford Nanopore Technology, dan analisis filogenetik menggunakan marka DNA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sekuensing DNA kaliandra dan nyamplung menghasilkan partial genome chloroplast sebesar 59.699 bp dan 114.708 bp. Analisis filogenetik kaliandra dengan marka rbcL menunjukkan bahwa kaliandra berada pada satu clade dengan spesies kaliandra lain dan akasia. Analisis filogenetik nyamplung dengan marka accD menunjukkan bahwa nyamplung asal Jawa memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat dengan nyamplung asal Tahiti Avera, Pasifik Selatan., Calliandra and nyamplung are forest tree species that have important benefits in providing renewable energy. However, genetic information of these bioenergy tree species is still not widely available. This study was aimed i) to assemble chloroplast genome sequences and ii) to analyze the relationship between calliandra (C. calothyrsus Meisn.) and nyamplung (C. inophyllum L.). The study consisted of several steps, namely DNA extraction and isolation using the CTAB method, DNA quality and quantity testing, DNA sequencing was done using MinION Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT), and phylogenetic analysis based on selected DNA markers. The results showed that calliandra and nyamplung DNA sequencing resulted in partial genome chloroplasts of 59.699 bp and 114.708 bp in size, respectively. The phylogenetic analysis of calliandra with rbcL marker showed that calliandra is grouped in the same clade as other calliandra species and acacia. The phylogenetic analysis of nyamplung with accD marker showed that nyamplung from Java were closely related to nyamplung from Tahiti Avera, South Pacific.
Keyword: accD, chloroplast genome, long-read sequences, matK, rbcL

Judul: Analysis of Long-read Sequences with MinION Technology on Kapur (Dryobalanops aromatica C.F Gaertn).
Abstrak: Salah satu spesies penting dari famili Dipterokarpa adalah kayu kapur (D. aromatica C.F Gaertn) dengan status konservasi rentan (vulnerable). Status tersebut mencerminkan perlunya upaya konservasi genetik berbasis sains yang didukung dengan teknologi baru, salah satunya adalah Oxford Nanopore Technology (ONT) MinION yang mampu menyajikan analisis long-read DNA sequences yang terjangkau. Saat ini penggunaan ONT masih jarang dilakukan pada pohon hutan asli Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data sekuens whole genome liputan rendah (low coverage) dan memanfaatkannya untuk menganalisis kekerabatan D. aromatica. Prosedur penelitian mencakup tahapan isolasi dan sekuensing DNA hingga analisis bioinformatika. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sekuensing DNA D. aromatica dengan pembacaan urutan basa DNA long-read 1,55 Gb dengan genom parsial kloroplas D. aromatica 148.856 bp. Analisis kekerabatan menunjukan D. aromatica berkerabat dekat dengan D. rappa dengan marka kombinasi gen (matK dan rbcL) lebih direkomendasikan untuk digunakan dalam analisis lanjutan D. aromatica., One important species of the dipterocarps is kapur (D. aromatica C.F. Gaertn) with a vulnerable conservation status. This status indicates the need for science based conservation through new technology, among other Oxford Nanopore Technoloy (ONT) MinION, that is able to provide affordable analysis for long-read DNA sequences. Nowadayas, the use of ONT is still rare being applied to native Indonesian forest trees. The objective of this study was to generate long- read sequence data of the whole genome with low coverage and use it to analyze genetic relationship D. aromatica. The research procedure included DNA isolation and sequencing to bioinformatics analysis. The results showed that DNA sequencing of D. aromatica resulted in 1,55 Gb of DNA base long read sequences in which a partial chloroplast genome length was constructed with a total of 148.856 bp. The genetic relationship analysis showed that D. aromatica was closely related to D. rappa with a combined marker of matK and rbcL are recommended for future use of phylogenetic analysis of D. aromatica.
Keyword: Dryobalanops aromatica, genome, markers, MinION, sequencing

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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