Judul: Karakteristik dan Wilayah Jelajah Ungko (Hylobates agilis F. Cuvier 1821) di Harapan Rainforest
Abstrak: Harapan Rainforest (HRF) merupakan kawasan hutan restorasi yang berada di Provinsi Jambi dan Sumatera Selatan dengan luasan sekitar 101.000 hektar yang akan dijadikan model pengelolaan restorasi ekosistem pertama di Indonesia. HRF merupakan habitat bagi berbagai jenis satwaliar termasuk ungko (Hylobates agilis F. Cuvier 1821). Ungko telah masuk daftar Appendix I CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) dan IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) Red List dengan kategori terancam punah (endangered), sehingga dibutuhkan penelitian mengenai karakteristik habitat dan wilayah jelajah ungko untuk usaha pelestarian jenis dan pembinaan habitatnya. Pengambilan data dilakukan di wilayah sekitar basecamp HRF. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi sebaran dan struktur kelompok ungko, tutupan lahan HRF, vegetasi dan wilayah jelajah tiap kelompok. Metode quadrangulasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui sebaran kelompok ungko di sekitar basecamp HRF. Analisis vegetasi dilakukan pada titik yang berdekatan dengan titik perjumpaan ungko pada masing-masing lokasi. Wilayah jelajah diukur menggunakan minimum convex polygon berdasarkan metode arah dan jarak terhadap tiga kelompok ungko yang dinamai alpha, beta dan gamma. Karakteristik habitat ungko di sekitar kawasan basecamp HRF adalah hutan sekunder sedang dan rendah dengan kondisi habitat yang cukup baik. Analisis vegetasi pada hutan sekunder sedang (lokasi alpha dan gamma) menunjukkan bahwa Indeks Nilai Penting (INP) tingkat pohon terbesar dimiliki Ficus spp. sebesar 53,24% dengan kerapatan 3,64 ind/ha pada lokasi alpha dan INP sebesar 37,81% dengan kerapatan 4,37 ind/ha pada lokasi gamma. Analisis vegetasi pada hutan sekunder rendah (lokasi beta) menunjukkan bahwa jenis makaranga (Macaranga gigantea) mendominasi tingkat pohon dengan nilai INP sebesar 68,08 % dan kerapatan sebesar 10,92 ind/ha. Terdapat 12 spesies tumbuhan yang menjadi sumber pakan ungko. Ficus spp. merupakan jenis pakan yang dominan terutama pada hutan sekunder sedang. Pada hutan sekunder rendah jenis pakan dominan adalah bedih (Balacata bacata) dan setepung (Callicarpa pentandra). Luas wilayah jejajah dugaan kelompok alpha adalah 12,66 ha, kelompok beta seluas 5,32 ha dan kelompok gamma seluas 10,28 ha. Pergerakan horizontal kelompok alpha meliputi Daily Range (DR) rata-rata 1798,5 m dan Maximum Radius (MR) rata-rata 536,5 m. Kelompok beta mempunyai DR rata-rata 1407,75 m dan MR rata-rata 349,5 m, sedangkan kelompok gamma memiliki DR rata-rata 1873,5 m dan MR rata-rata 407,5 m.
Keyword: Agile gibbon, Habitat, Home range, Horizontal movement

Judul: Studi Lokomotor dan Postur Per Aktivitas Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1798) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak.
Abstrak: Gunung Halimun Salak National Park is the largest mountainous tropical rainforest remaining in Java island and it is an important habitat for the preservation of javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert 1798), an endemic primate in Java island. A study of posture and locomotion of javan gibbon is needed considering within their daily activities, javan gibbon using different spatial habitat structure and therefor the information is important as reference to make a better decision in conserving habitat and population of javan gibbon based on aspect of behavioral and ecology. This study was conducted in an area of Cikaniki – Citalahab, Gunung Botol resort for one month (June – July 2012). Equipments used in the study were range finder, binoculars, phi bands, compass, camera, stationery and stopwatch as a tools. Data were collected from two groups of well-habituated javan gibbon, named group A and B, by using scan and focal animal sampling in order to get collected behavioral data. Profile diagram of the habitat was also developed. To determine home range, convex polygon and fixed kernel 95% were applied. The mean active period of javan gibbon was 9 hours at 07.35 am – 4.50 pm and dominated by resting activity for 48.18%. The dominant locomotor type during their active period was brachiation with frequency and duration of 46,07 – 79,33% and 11,52 – 15,26 hours. Meanwhile the percentage of sitting posture type with frequency and duration was 72,78% - 84,12% and 11,12 – 19,04 hours. There was 24 species of trees used as locomotion mediums and 16 trees for postures. The most dominant species was puspa (Schima wallichii) with most dominant family was from family Fagaceae. The percentage of crown covers for the two groups was 62.2%. Alleged average daily range during the observation time of 641.96 m group A while group B of 1278.18 m. Calculations with FK 95% giving an average cruising area of 50.27 ha, while the 100% MCP method gives an average cruising area of 24.38 ha. Analysis of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), wide ranges of the study group had a mean - average of 25.65 ha for the analysis of the MCP and 53.25 ha for FK analysis results with 95%. Result of posture and locomotor study could be used as consideration to design of ex situ conservation area of javan gibbon beyond, that includes also habitat enrichment. Map of the daily movements and home ranges of Javan gibbon can be used as supporting data for the object ecotourism attractions of special interest, education and research. Also, it can be a reference park managers in monitoring the presence of a controlling Javan gibbon habitat
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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