Judul: Aktivitas Inhibisi Enzim α-Glukosidase dan Antioksidan Formula Jamu Berpotensi Antidiabetes
Abstrak: Pengobatan diabetes merupakan pengobatan multitarget antara lain melalui mekanisme penurunan gula darah dengan menghambat enzim α-glukosidase dan mengurangi stress oksidatif. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase, antioksidan, dan kandungan total fenol serta analisis sidik jari sebagai kendali mutu formula jamu antidiabetes berbasis daun sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata). Formula yang diujikan ialah formula 1 dengan kandungan sambiloto setengah dari formula 2 dan keduanya mengandung campuran 3 jenis herbal lainnya dalam komposisi yang sama. Uji aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase dibandingkan dengan obat komersial akarbosa dan antioksidan dengan metode DPPH (2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil). Hasil uji kedua formula tidak menunjukkan aktivitas inhibisi α- glukosidase. Namun, aktivitas antioksidan formula 2 berdasarkan konsentrasi inhibisi (IC50) lebih tinggi (8.52 μg/mL) dibandingkan Formula 1 (18.90 μg/mL). Nilai total fenol dalam formula 1 dan 2, berturut-turut, 1.28 mg GAE/g dan 1.68 mg GAE/g. Profil sidik jari pada formula 2 menunjukkan jumlah spot sebanyak 11 pita dan pada formula 1 terdapat 10 pita. Kedua formula tidak berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes.
Keyword: IC50, jamu, konsentrasi inhibisi, sambiloto, sidik jari, fenolik total

Judul: In vivo anti-diabetic assay of jamu formula and its chromatographic fingerprint analysis
Abstrak: Pengujian in vivo khasiat suatu formula jamu penting dilakukan sebelum dikonsumsi oleh manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membuktikan khasiat antidiabetes dari formula jamu biofarmaka secara in vivo dan menentukan profil sidik jari formula tersebut dengan analisis kromatografi. Uji in vivo menggunakan mencit yang diinduksi diabetes dengan streptozotosin. Efektivitas formula jamu dalam menurunkan kadar gula darah mencit dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif metformin. Berikutnya, metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT) digunakan untuk menghasilkan profil sidik jari formula jamu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa formula jamu biofarmaka dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah mencit diabetes selama perlakuan. Hasil penurunan ini tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol positif. Kromatogram KLT formula jamu yang dielusi dengan toluena:aseton:asam asetat menunjukkan 5 pita yang terpisah dengan baik. Adapun analisis KCKT dengan elusi gradien fase terbalik dan fase gerak air:asetonitril dapat menghasilkan pola kromatogram yang dapat berfungsi sebagai sidik jari formula jamu. Kata kunci: analisis sidik jari, jamu antidiabetes, metformin, streptozotosin, In vivo assay of a jamu formula's efficacy is necessary before it is consumed by human. The aims of this study were proving the efficacy of biopharmaca antidiabetic jamu formula by in vivo assay and determine the formula fingerprint profiles with chromatographic analysis. In vivo assay was done using mice which were diabetic-induced by streptozotocin. The effectiveness of jamu formulas in reducing the mice blood sugar level was compared with metformin as a positive control. The fingerprint profiles of jamu formula were further generated by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods. The results showed that the formula of biopharmaca jamu could reduce the blood sugar levels during treatment. The result of this reduction was not significantly different to that of the positive control. TLC chromatogram jamu formula eluted using toluene:acetone:acetic acid showed 5 well-separated spots. The HPLC analysis with phase-reversed gradient elution and mobile phase of water:acetonitrile gave the chromatogram patterns which can serve as fingerprints of jamu formulas. Keywords: anti-diabetic jamu, fingerprint analysis, metformin, streptozotocin
Keyword: analisis sidik jari, jamu antidiabetes, metformin, streptozotosin

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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