Judul: Anatomi Otot Daerah Bahu dan Lengan Atas Beruk (Macaca nemestrina)
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to observed the anatomy of muscles in shoulder and arm region of pigtail macaque, also to described the function of the muscles in relation with the type of terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion. Furthermore, the results were compared with the muscles in shoulder and arm region of longtail macaque and chimpanzee which had different locomotion type. This study used two pigtail macaques which had been preserved in 10% formaline v/v. The observation was conducted on the shoulder and arm region morphology of pigtail macaque. The muscles were dissected by four dissection into the skin. The location of origin and insertion of the muscles were determined by muscle dissection, whereas the muscles name were based by Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2005. Then, the results were documented by photography equipment. The muscles which found in shoulder and arm region were the panniculus carnosus, trapezius, rhomboideus, serratus ventralis cervicis, serratus ventralis thoracis, pectoralis transversus, pectoralis descendens, pectoralis ascendens, deltoideus, coracobrachialis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii, teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles. In general, the muscles which observed in pigtail macaque were more similar with those of longtail macaque than chimpanzee. The pigtail macaque is terresterial semiarboreal species, whereas the longtail macaque is arboreal semiterresterial one. This matter was estimated because the behavior of pigtail macaque were similar with longtail macaque. The differences among pigtail macaque, longtail macaque, and chimpanzee were the celerity of the locomotion movement which estimated because the flexibility of scapula movement and the strength of arm. The flexibility of scapula movement in pigtail macaque was influenced by the trapezius, rhomboideus, serratus ventralis cervicis, and serratus ventralis thoracis muscles. The strength movement of pigtail macaque when climbed the trees were influenced by the pectoralis transversus, pectoralis descendens, pectoralis ascendens, deltoideus, coracobrachialis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles. The strength movement of pigtail macaque when walked on the ground was influenced by the biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi muscles. The shoulder stability of pigtail macaque was influenced by the teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles.
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Judul: Anatomy of the Shoulder and Arm Muscles of the Malayan Pangolin (Manis javanica).
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui susunan otot daerah bahu dan lengan atas trenggiling, beserta origo dan insersionya untuk menduga fungsi dari otot-otot tersebut. Sampel yang digunakan untuk penelitian ini adalah trenggiling yang telah difiksasi dalam formalin 10%. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengamati anatomi luar daerah bahu dan lengan atas trenggiling. Penentuan letak origo dan insersio masing-masing otot daerah bahu dan lengan atas trenggiling dilakukan dengan mempreparir otot-otot daerah tersebut untuk dapat melihat kelompok otot yang berada pada lapis profundal. Penamaan otot didasarkan pada Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2005. Otot-otot daerah bahu yang ditemukan pada trenggiling terdiri atas m. trapezius, m. rhomboideus, m. brachiocephalicus, m. omotransversarius, m. latissimus dorsi, m. serratus ventralis, m. deltoideus, m. supraspinatus, m. infraspinatus, m. teres minor, m. subscapularis, m. teres major, m. coracobrachialis, m. pectoralis superficialis (m. pectoralis descendens dan m. pectoralis transversus), dan m. pectoralis profundus (m. subclavius dan m. pectoralis ascendens). Otot-otot daerah lengan atas yang ditemukan terdiri atas m. triceps brachii, m. tensor fascia antibrachii, m. brachialis, dan m. biceps brachii. Secara umum trenggiling memiliki kemiripan fungsi otot-otot daerah bahu dan lengan atas dengan anjing yaitu sebagai hewan penggali dan Macaca sp. sebagai hewan pemanjat. Aktivitas trenggiling saat memanjat pohon diduga dipengaruhi oleh m. brachiocephalicus, m. latissimus dorsi, m. pectoralis descendens, m. pectoralis transversus, m. subclavius, m. pectoralis ascendens, dan m. deltoideus pars scapularis. Sedangkan kemampuan trenggiling saat menggali tanah diduga dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan struktur m. brachiocephalicus, m. latissimus dorsi, m. deltoideus pars scapularis, m. teres major, dan m. pectoralis ascendens.
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Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition