Judul: Dampak Non Tariff Measures (NTMs) terhadap Ekspor karet Alam Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama Ekspor
Abstrak: Nilai ekspor karet alam mengalami penurunanan nilai secara terusmenerus di setiap tahunnya. Salah satu penyebab menurunnya nilai ekspor karet alam tersebut karena diterapkannya Non Tariff Measures (NTMs) oleh negara tujuan utama ekspor. Kebijakan NTMs yang paling banyak diterapkan di negara pelaku perdagangan adalah Sanitary and Phitosanitary (SPS) dan Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT). Pada penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama ekspor dan dampak NTMs terhadap ekspor karet alam Indonesia pada periode 2012 hingga 2016. Dengan cakupan negara tujuan utama ekspor meliputi Amerika Serikat, Jepang, China, India, Korea Selatan, Brazil, Kanada, dan Jerman. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yakni menggunakan pendekatan inventory (frequency index dan coverage ratio) dan gravity model. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan GDP perkapita negara pengimpor, populasi negara pengimpor, jarak ekonomi negara pengimpor, coverage ratio SPS dan coverage ratio TBT berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai ekspor karet alam Indonesia. Variabel SPS menunjukkan nilai koefisien yang negatif sedangkan variabel TBT menunjukkan nilai koefisien yang positif.
Keyword: karet alam, gravity model, pendekatan inventory, NTMs

Judul: Dampak Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) terhadap Ekspor Karet Alam Indonesia ke Negara Anggota APEC
Abstrak: Karet alam merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor ungulan Indonesia. Namun pada beberapa tahun terakhir karet alam Indonesia mengalami penurunan nilai ekspor yang cukup signifikan. Hal ini disinyalir karena adanya pembatasan tarif impor yang di tetapkan World Trade Organization (WTO) sehingga negara importir banyak yang memberlakukan kebijakan hambatan non-tarif. Hambatan non-tarif yang sering diberlakukan pada komoditas pertanian termasuk karet alam Indonesia adalah kebijakan Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) dan Technical Barries to Trade (TBT). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke negara APEC dan dampak NTMs terhadap ekspor karet alam Indonesia pada periode 2010 hingga 2017. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitan ini terdiri dari dua metode analisis yaitu analisis deskriptif yang digunakan dengan menggunakan pendekatan inventory dan analisis data panel dengan menggunakan model gravity. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan GDP perkapita negara pengimpor, GDP perkapita negara pengekspor, pertumbuhan populasi negara pengimpor, jarak ekonomi, nilai tukar rupiah terhadap negaara APEC, coverage ratio SPS dan coverage ratio TBT berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai ekspor karet alam Indonesia.
Keyword: ekspor, karet alam, model gravity, NTMs, pendekatan inventory

Judul: Algorithm Construction of HLI Hash Function
Abstrak: Cryptography is a study of mathematical techniques related to aspects of information security regarding on confidentiality, data integrity, entity authentication, and data origin authentication. Data integrity is a service, which is associated with the conversion of data carried out by unauthorized parties. To maintain data integrity, one can use hash functions. An hash function is a computationally efficient function to map an arbitrary length bitstring to a fixed length bitstring called as hash value. The use of hash function in maintaining the information integrity and authentication is in digital signatures, virus protection, and software distribution. Illustration of the hash function in the integrity and authentication of information that is emailed as follow. The sender sends the information and hash value to the recipient. If the hash value of the information is equal to the hash value that is sent by the sender, then information has not been changed. Otherwise the information has been changed. An hash function has two properties, one way and collision resistance. An hash function is called one way if it is computationally infeasible to find any input such that when given any hash value . Meanwhile an hash function is called collision resistant if it is computationally infeasible to find any two inputs where such that . The purpose of this study is to construct a HLI hash function algorithm, to analyze the speed and security of the hash functions as a results of construction. Furthermore, it is to compare it with SWIFFT. Hash function is constructed based on the result of algebraic operations on modular polynomial ringwith . Modular polynomial ring noted as is a set of all polynomials of degree at most with coefficients in . can be represented as a set of integer vector of modulo in dimension . So, it is simple to implement in a computer. In vector operations, is lattice . Furthermore, alattice that is defined from certain polynomial ring is called ideal lattice. HLI hash function is consists of addition and multiplication algorithm in the ring. Addition algorithm consists of sumation operations of modulo and multiplication consists of multiplication operations of modulo . Generally, algorithm of HLI hash function consists of multiplication operations of modulo and addition operations of modulo . However, if the input is binary number then multiplication algorithm only consists of multiplication operation of modulo , so algorithm of HLI hash function consists of multiplication operations of modulo and addtion operations of modulo . An hash function is secured if it has two properties, i.e., one way and collision resistance. HLI hash function hash is one way, it is following the proof of Micciancio. It is has collision resistant because of polynomial is irreducible over and monic. Moreover, it is proved that for every unit vector , the vector is small vector. If the input of hash function is a binary number then HLI hash function only involves addition operations of modulo . So the time that used almost same with SWIFFT. The excellence of HLI hash function is the key size smaller than SWIFFT. This effect on
Keyword: hash function, modular polynomial ring, lattice