Judul: Menarcheal Age and Breast Development in Purwokerto
Abstrak: Puberty is a transition from childhood into adulthood. It occurs as a result of the hypothalamic pituitary gonadal axis activity which stimulates the central inhibitory feedback and lifts the Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH). The activation of GnRH increasingly stimulates the secretion of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Lutenizing Hormone (LH) from the pituitary gland. Both of these hormones stimulate the production of estrogen, which allows for menarche and the development of secondary sexual characteristics. The aim of this research is determine the menarcheal age and breast development in Purwokerto. I used 99 individual subject aged 8-14 years old which contained 28 menarche subjects. The result showed that the menarcheal age average in Purwokerto was 12.4 years old. In this study, the breast measurement showed three stages of breast development. The youngest and the average age of Tanner stage two were 9 and 10 years old. The youngest and average age of Tanner stage three were 10.8 and 12.5 years old. Based on the result, menarche has correlated with the breast development stage three. The present study had similar result between Bogor, Jakarta, but differ with Pekalongan. This maybe because the samples from Purwokerto, Bogor, and Jakarta came from urban areas whereas samples from Pekalongan came from rural area
Keyword: socioeconomic status, puberty, nutrition status, menarche, breast development

Judul: Keterkaitann konsumsi pangan dan status gizi dengan usia menarche anak perempuan usia sekolah dasar di Bogor
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan konsumsi makanan dan status gizi dengan usia menarche pada anak sekolah dasar di Kota Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan desain cross sectional study, dilakukan pada bulan September sampai November 2011 di enam sekolah dasar di Bogor. Sampel dipilih secara purposif sehingga diperoleh 58 siswa. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji rank spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata usia menarche adalah 10,74± 0,71. Lebih dari separuh (62,1%) siswa mengalami menarche pada usia ≥ 10 tahun. Usia menarche berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan konsumsi zat besi tetapi tidak berhubungan dengan status gizi, usia ibu menarche, jumlah anggota keluarga, pengetahuan gizi anak, latar belakang pendidikan ayah, dan pendapatan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menyarankan agar orang tua lebih memberikan informasi dan dukungan mengenai aspek-aspek yang berkaitan dengan pubertas.
Keyword: Food consumption, Nutritional status, Menarche, Elementary school, Puberty

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4