Judul: Aktivitas Anti-Leptospirosis Alga Hijau Caulerpa racemosa secara In-Vitro.
Abstrak: Caulerpa racemosa adalah salah satu rumput laut hijau yang tumbuh secara alami di perairan Indonesia yang memiliki metabolit sekunder berupa glycoglycerolipid dan kelompok enol serta memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif golongan fenol yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antibakteri. Leptospirosis adalah penyakit bersumber dari binatang (zoonosis) yang bersifat akut yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Leptospira dan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Indonesia merupakan negara dengan insiden leptospirosis tinggi, serta menempati peringkat ke tiga di dunia untuk mortalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan aktivitas antileptospirosis ekstrak C. racemosa dan menentukan komponen aktif serta fraksi komponen aktifnya melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu tahapan ekstraksi komponen aktif, uji komponen aktif, pengujian aktivitas antibakteri, dan penentuan fraksi aktif (KLT). Hasil pengujian komponen aktif (fitokimia) ekstrak C. racemosa memiliki senyawa aktif flavonoid, fenol hidrokuinon, saponin, steroid, dan terpenoid. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak C. racemosa konsentrasi 300 ppm memiliki aktivitas antibakteri paling optimum dalam mencegah atau membunuh bakteri Leptospira spp.
Keyword: antibakteri, Caulerpa racemosa, senyawa aktif

Judul: Induksi Metabolit pada Rumput Laut Hijau Caulerpa racemosa untuk Meningkatkan Aktivitas Antibakterinya
Abstrak: Rumput laut mengandung bahan bioaktif yang potensial untuk senyawa antibakteri. Sampel rumput laut hijau Caulerpa racemosa dikumpulkan dari Pulau Karya, Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan aktivitas antibakteri pada ekstrak C. racemosa dengan perbedaan perlakuan fisik dan induksi bakteri. Sampel dikeringkan menggunakan metode pengeringan beku dan dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut metanol. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji terhadap dua bakteri yaitu Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode difusi agar. Aktivitas antibakteri pada perlakuan induksi bakteri Vibrio harveyi menunjukkan hasil tertinggi dengan diameter zona hambat 5,50±0,71 mm. Ukuran zona hambat yang terbentuk relatif lebih kecil jika dibandingkan dengan ukuran zona hambat yang dibentuk oleh senyawa antibiotik pembanding. Uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak C. racemosa mengandung senyawa bioaktif alkaloid, steroid, dan saponin.
Keyword: Antibakteri, Caulerpa racemosa, induksi metabolit, rumput laut hijau, senyawa bioaktif

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: