Judul: Pengaruh Berbagai Bahan Pembenah Tanah terhadap Sifat Fisik Tanah Latosol untuk Budidaya Tanaman Sayuran.
Abstrak: Vegetables need proper physical conditions of soil, for instance fertile, porous, has a good aeration and drainage, and also capable to holding enough water. Those conditions are required by the smooth root of vegetables to support its growth. Vegetables are generally cultivated on Andosol soils which are spread around the mountain areas and eroded easily, in order that, most of Andosol soils are used as conservation areas or protected forest. The best alternative to bear vegetables cultivation areas is Latosol soils since the soils are dominant and widely spread in Indonesia. However, the physical properties of Latosol soils are not good enough for vegetables cultivation compared with Andosol soils. To overcome these, in this research some soil ameliorant were added into Latosol soils to increase the good properties condition to support the growth of vegetables. The research was aimed to study the effect of various soil ameliorant on physical properties of Latosol soils for vegetables cultivation. There were six treatments in this research, i.e. soil and husk charcoal (1/2:1/2), soil and cocopeat (1/2:1/2), soil and compost (1/2:1/2), soil and compost and mixed husk charcoal (1/3:1/3:1/3), soil and compost and mixed with cocopeat (1/3:1/3:1/3), and control (soil tillage without soil ameliorant addition). Soil sampling for each treatment was carried out after the soils were used to cultivate vegetables and after the harvest time, and those soils still in the naturally condition after for one year. The results showed that ameliorant treatments that were husk charcoal, cocopeat, compost, compost and mixed with husk charcoal, compost and mixed with cocopeat reduced the value of bulk density (BD). Husk charcoal treatment showed the lowest bulk density of the two upper layers (0-5) and (5-10) cm is 0.70 and 0.80 g/cm3, whereas the control showed the highest bulk density of the two upper layers (0-5) and (5-10) cm is 0.83 and 0.93 g/cm3. Application of soil ameliorant treatments also changed the distribution of pore size in soils and improved the water holding capacity of soils. The volume of soil field water from the lowest to the highest in sequence were husk charcoal treatment (39.90%), control (45.61%), compost (47.10%), cocopeat (48.42%), compost and mixed with husk charcoal (52.27%), compost and mixed with cocopeat (52.84%). Treatment with aggregate size ≤2 mm and ≥2 mm from the highest to the lowest in sequence were husk charcoal treatment, cocopeat, compost and mixed with husk charcoal, compost, compost and mixed with cocopeat, control. Soils with ≤2 mm and ≥2 mm too high aggregate sized were not ideal for plant root growth. Therefore, the ideal treatment for plant root growth was compost treatment.
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Judul: Amelioration of Compost and Coal Ash on an Ultisol of Pineapple Plantation: Temporal Dynamics of Soil Chemical Properties
Abstrak: Kendala utama sifat kimia Ultisols untuk pertanian meliputi rendahnya pH, bahan organik, KTK, dan ketersediaan hara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dinamika temporal sifat kimia tanah pada 0, 2, 6, 9, dan 10 bulan setelah ameliorasi (BSA) kompos dan abu batu bara (FABA) pada Ultisol di lahan perkebunan nanas. Penelitian terdiri dari percobaan lapang dan percobaan perkolasi di rumah kaca dengan RAL, keduanya terdiri dari 6 taraf perlakuan yaitu kontrol, kompos 50 ton/ha (KT 50), Kompos+FABA 50 ton/ha (KFT 50), KFA 25, KFA 15, dan KFA 5, T= tebar dan A=alur. Selain amelioran ini, tanah juga dipupuk lengkap. Analisis dengan metode rutin dilakukan terhadap sifat-sifat kimia tanah lapisan 0-20 cm pada 0 dan 2 BSA dari percobaan lapang, pada 9 dan 10 BSA dari percobaan perkolasi, dan pada 6 BSA berdasarkan ekstrapolasi. Perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata. Secara umum, sifat-sifat kimia tanah terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan KFA 25. Kadar hara semakin turun dengan waktu akibat proses pencucian. Pada perlakuan terbaik 10 BSA, kadar C-organik, N-total dan KTK tanah lebih tinggi dari kadar awal meskipun masih tergolong rendah, sedangkan P-tersedia juga lebih tinggi dari kadar awal dan tetap tergolong sangat tinggi. Namun, kadar K-dd, Cadd, dan Mg-dd lebih rendah dari kadar awal dan tetap tergolong sangat rendah. Untuk mempertahankan produktivitas tanaman, maka disarankan untuk memberikan pupuk N dan K serta ameliorasi kompos dan FABA pada 10 BSA., The main chemical constraints of Ultisols for agriculture include low soil pH, organic matter, CEC, and nutrients availability. This study aims to evaluate temporal dynamics of soil chemical properties at 0, 2, 6, 9, and 10 months after amelioration (MAA) of compost and coal ash (FABA) on an Ultisol of pineapple plantation. The study consisted of field and greenhouse percolation experiments, both with CRD consisting of control, 50 ton/ha compost (CB 50), 50 tons/ha compost+FABA (CFB 50), CFR 25, CFR 15, and CFR 5 treatment levels, where B = broadcast and R = row application. Besides, the soil was completely fertilized. Chemical analyses were done using routine methods on soil samples of 0-20 cm layer at 0 and 2, 9 and 10, and 6 MAA, respectively from the field experiment, from the percolation experiment, and based on extrapolation. The treatment’s effects were very significant. In general, the best results were obtained at CFR 25 treatment level. The nutrient status decreased with time due to leaching processes. From the best treatment at 10 MAA, compared to the corresponding initial status, soil organic-C, total-N, and CEC were higher than, although still classified as low, whilst P-availability was also higher than, but still classified as very high. However, the soil exchangeable-K, -Ca, and -Mg were lower than the initial levels and still classified as very low. To maintain plant productivity, it is suggested to apply supplementary N and K fertilizers and compost and FABA ameliorants at 10 MMA.
Keyword: ameliorant, broadcast, leaching, percolation, row

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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