Judul: Analysis of indonesian wood-based products trade and its impact on potential deforestation in several regions
Abstrak: Rendahnya posisi tawar produk berbasis kayu Indonesia di pasar internasional cenderung mendorong te~adinya penebangan hutan secara berlebihan. Tujuan ulama studi ini adalah menganalisis dampak perdagangan produk berbasis kayu Indonesia terhadap deforestasi potensial di beberapa wilayah, suatu isu krusial bagi Indonesia memasuki perdagangan bebas pada tahun 2012. Analisis merlggunakan model sistem persamaan simultan penawaran dan permintaan sektor pembalakan kayu bulat, industri kayu gergajian, kayu lapis dan pulp di wilayah Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi dan Maluku-Papua, yang kemudian diagregasikan menjadi total Indonesia, dan dikaitkan secara rekursif dengan proses deforestasi potensial.
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Judul: The Implication of Wood Price Changes on Deforestation in Indonesia: A Market Integration Approach
Abstrak: Being one of the largest tropical countries in the world, Indonesia faces increasing problems with deforestation. Timber industry is one of the main sources of income from forestry sector in Indonesia. It is commonly assumed that deforestation is driven by the dynamics of supply and demand of forest products, particularly with regard to wood products. Based on the economic theory, price is an indicator of how market works and thus drives supply and demand reactions. This research is aimed to investigate the market integration between domestic and world market of wood products and the implications of wood price changes on deforestation in Indonesia. We conducted price transmission analysis which uses Error Correction Model and regression model to see the relations between wood prices with deforestation. According to the results of price transmission analysis, it is found that domestic logwood market of Indonesia is integrated with the world market as well as in the plywood and sawn wood market, though the domestic logwood market is protected by the enactment of export ban since 1987. The results of regression model show positive correlation between wood prices and deforestation which concludes that the higher prices of wood products will lead to the more potential deforestation in Indonesia. In the presence of market integration of some processed wood products between domestic and world market, the deforestation may not be hindered only by imposing export ban on logwood.
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Judul: DNA Extraction and Characterization of Salmonella‟s Lytic Bacteriophage Genome
Abstrak: Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and are known to proliferate wherever their bacterial hosts exist. Their virion particles can exist independently outside the host, however all phages are need their host to propagate. Several phages are highly specific to host cell surface receptors and any slight changes in structure results in little or no interaction between the phage and its host. Salmonella‟s phage isolated from sewage water where their bacteria exist. Three isolated of phages (phages 15, 19 and 38) were used in this research that concentrated using three types of methods. PEG/ NaCl method was firstly used to concentrate the phages based on their molecular weight to precipitate the phage particles during centrifugation. The second method was Scraping Plaque method. In this method, overlay plaques were scraped and collected in SM buffer to get phage concentrates. Enrichment method was the last method used to concentrate the phages. Phage genome isolation was done using two methods i.e. EDTA/SDS and Proteinase K methods. The first method was done using DNase I to eliminate bacterial DNA followed by SDS/EDTA treatment to release phages DNA and phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol to extract the DNA. DNA was collected by isopropanol extraction. While in Proteinase K method, bacterial DNA was eliminated by DNase I and Proteinase K/SDS was used to degrade phages capsids and ethanol for DNA precipitation. The result showed that PEG/NaCl method resulted the highest phage concentration for phage 15 and phage 19, while scrapping method was the highest for phage 38. The quantity and purity of extracted DNA were low for PEG/NaCl and Scraping methods, while Enrichment method was higher indicated higher purity. Run on agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted DNA confirmed that Enrichment method results were the best while scraping and PEG/NaCl method was appeared smear background. Based on DNA genome size determination, the bacteriphages of Salmonella sp were comparable with other study of Salmonella phages. Phage P15 with genome size of 39,5 kb was close to phage epsilon15. Phage P19 with genome size of 41 kb was close to phage ST160. And phage P38 with genome size of 48,5 kb was close to phage Gifsy-1.
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