Judul: Marketing Analysis of Beef Cattle in Napis Village, Tambakrejo District, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java.
Abstrak: Sapi potong merupakan salah satu dari delapan produk yang fokus dikembangkan sebagai bahan makanan pokok nasional untuk dikonsumsi dagingnya. Harga sapi potong cenderung berfluktuatif dan memilki marjin pemasaran yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemasaran dan tingkat efisiensi pemasaran. Metode penggumpulan data menggunakan simple random sampling untuk peternak dan snowball sampling untuk lembaga pemasaran. Hasil analisis menunjukan saluran yang relative lebih efisien adalah saluran 3 (peternak-pedagang pengumpul-pedagang pemotong lokal). Indikator efisiensi pemasaran adalah marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share, rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya, daya serap komoditas, fungsi-fungsi pemasaran, perilaku pasar, serta hubungan kerjasama antar lembaga yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pemasaran sapi potong di Desa Napis.
Keyword: Marketing efficiency, Beef cattle, Marketting channel, Cooperation relationship, Snowball sampling, Collecting breeders

Judul: Analisis Sistem Pemasaran Sapi Potong di Kota Depok
Abstrak: Terdapat penawaran dan permintaan sapi potong di Kota Depok sehingga membentuk suatu proses pemasaran. Besarnya selisih harga sapi potong ditingkat peternak dengan harga yang diperoleh konsumen perlu diteliti apakah sesuai dengan fungsi pemasaran dan biaya yang terdapat disepanjang saluran pemasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi saluran dan fungsi pemasaran yang dijalankan lembaga pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok, serta menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok berdasarkan nilai margin pemasaran, persentase farmer’s share, dan nilai rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Responden dalam penelitian terdiri dari 23 peternak sapi potong yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, selanjutnya 5 pedagang besar dan 5 pedagang kecil responden diperoleh melalui metode snowball sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa hasil wawancara, dilengkapi oleh data sekunder berupa kajian terhadap informasi pustaka yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat saluran pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok. Saluran pemasaran I dan III sebagai saluran pemasaran paling efisien memiliki nilai margin pemasaran rendah, nilai farmer’s share tinggi, dan nilai rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya >1., There is supply and demand for beef cattle in Depok City, thus forming a marketing process. The magnitude of the difference between the price of beef cattle at the farmer level and the price obtained by consumers needs to be investigated, whether it is by the marketing function and costs that exist along the marketing channel. This study aims to identify marketing channels and functions run by beef cattle marketing institutions in Depok City and analyze the marketing efficiency of beef cattle in Depok City based on the marketing margin, farmer's share percentage, and the value of the profit-to-cost ratio. Respondents in the study consisted of 23 beef cattle breeders who were determined using the purposive sampling method, then 5 large traders and 5 small traders respondents were obtained through the snowball sampling method. This study uses primary data in the form of interviews and supplemented by secondary data in the form of a survey of relevant library information. The research shows that there are four marketing channels for beef cattle in Depok City. Marketing channel I and III as the most efficient marketing channel has a low marketing margin, a high farmer's share value, and a profit-to-cost ratio >1.
Keyword: efficiency, margin, livestock, marketing channels

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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