Judul: Fleksibilitas Nilai Tukar dan Penyesuaian Transaksi Berjalan di Indonesia: Analisis Threshold VAR
Abstrak: Estimation study about the relationship between exchange rate flexibility and current account adjustment has been conducted through three stages, the first stage was analysis of correlation among exchange rates variability (proxied by REER and NEER) and exchange rate regimes classification. The second step was estimating the relationship that the former was mentioned with VAR as benchmark model. The third step was applying the nonlinear estimation using Threshold VAR with two different threshold variables. Namely REER and RR Classification which formed by Reinhart and Rogoff . The results of analysis showed that exchange rate regime classification may capture actual exchange rate variability, which of 0.71 correlation value. Flexibility exchange rate can accelerate current account adjustment in Indonesia if 1) the changes of Indonesia exchange rate less than 27.7059 whereas in high regime exchange rate is persistently increasing so that the system between exchange rate and current account becomes unstable. 2) Indonesia is applying exchange rate regime with code 3 – 6 from RR classification or exchange rate classification that categorized in intermediate regime or flexible regime. Bank Indonesia as monetary authorities must keep the changes of exchange rate less than 27.7059, due to exchange rate can affect current account adjustment, so can anticipate if there is current account deficit in Indonesia economy.
Keyword: Exchange Rate Flexibility, Current Account Adjustment, Exchange Rate Regime Classification, Threshold VAR

Judul: Exchange Rate Pass-Through di Indonesia: Threshold Vector Autoresion (TVAR) Model.
Abstrak: Nilai tukar Indonesia saat ini cenderung mengalami depresiasi yang dikhawatiran akan meningkatkan tingkat inflasi. Tingkat inflasi yang tinggi akan menyebabkan penurunan daya beli uang dan biasanya mengurangi tingkat pendapatan riil yang diperoleh investor dari investasinya. Dikarenakan hal tersebut penting untuk melihat besarnya Exchange Rate Pass-Through (ERPT) di Indonesia. ERPT digunakan untuk melihat besarnya pengaruh pergerakan nilai tukar terhadap pembentukan harga pada suatu negara. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya ditemukan bahwa adanya sifat nonlinieritas terhadap ERPT di beberapa negara. Penelitian ERPT sudah dilakukan di Indonesia namun masih menggunakan metode linear seperti VAR, VECM, ECM dan ARDL. Tingginya tingkat volatilitas inflasi Indonesia membuat Indonesia cocok menghitung ERPT menggunakan metode Threshold Vector Autoregression (TVAR). TVAR menghitung ERPT nonlinier Indonesia dengan membagi data menjadi dua rezim yaitu rezim inflasi rendah dan rezim inflasi tinggi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data bulanan Januari 2000 hingga Desember 2017. Variabel threshold yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu DLCPI dengan nilai 0.0083. Nilai ini terjadi pada bulan Maret 2005 dimana aktual inflasi Indonesia saat itu mencapai 1.94 persen. Nilai DLCPI yang berada dibawah 0.0084 akan dikelompokkan ke dalam rezim inflasi rendah sedangkan nilai DLCPI yang berada diatas atau sama dengan 0.0084 akan dikelompokkan ke dalam rezim inflasi tinggi. Hasil menunjukkan guncangan NEER hanya akan mempengaruhi harga, output gap dan JIBOR ketika rezim inflasi tinggi dan tidak stabil ketika rezim inflasi rendah.
Keyword: ERPT, rezim inflasi, TVAR

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: