Judul: Establishment of Vegetatively Propagated Khaya anthoteca Pre-Inoculated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Fungi (AMF) On an Ex-Coal Mined Site.
Abstrak: Coal mining provides a means for creating wealth and significantly contributes to export earnings, economic activity and employment whilst supporting regional development. For example, the mining sector of Indonesia contributes to the nation’s economy for about 11.54% of total GDP. However, coal mining is one of the most severe disturbances in terrestrial ecosystems. It causes large-scale deforestation and land degradation with complete loss of topsoil. Thus, the removal of the natural vegetation and upper soil horizons for mining exploration hinders the establishment and survival of plant and soil microbial communities. Revegetation of coal mined lands is therefore required to enable the re-use of such resources for other purposes. The establishment of tree species capable of protecting the underlying soil and its micro-fauna and flora is one way of achieving this aim. This study aims to; (i) determine the potential application of stem cutting to propagate K. anthoteca seedlings. (ii) determine the status of arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) symbiosis of vegetatively propagated K. anthoteca (iii) evaluate on the field, the effect of compost and pre-inoculation on vegetatively propagated K. anthoteca for re-vegetation of ex-coal mined site in South Sumatra of Indonesia. The design for the field study was the completely randomized design (CRD) in factorial experiment. Four (4) levels of each factor namely; C0 (control), C1 (5 kg of Salvinia natans compost), C2 (5 kg of community/commercial compost) and C3 (2.5 kg each of Community and Salvinia natans composts); M0 (control), M1 (50 spores of Gigaspora margarita mycorrhizae), M2 (50 spores of Glomus manihotis mycorrhizae) and M3 (25 spores each of G. margarita and G. manihotis) mycorrhizae with four replicates. Data collected on plant height, diameter and leave count were subjected to a twoway analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significance level of 5% (α ≤ 0.05) using the Minitab statistical analysis package (Minitab Inc.). Tukey’s HSD test was used for multiple comparison tests for treatments that differed significantly. Results of the cutting experiment demonstrated that, the species can be vegetatively propagated through cutting without hormone application. Analysis of variance tested at α ≤ 0.05 revealed no significant difference between the treatment means of hormone and wounding on the number of roots. Again, the length of the longest root was not significantly different over the control treatment. The trapping experiment also showed no significant difference between K. anthoteca cuttings and other trapping plant species. However, this observation was frequent in the young and meristematic segments of the roots for K. anthoteca. An average root colonization of 32% was observed for K. anthoteca 4 and the highest recorded by S. bicolor of about 43%. There was also a significant positive correlation (r = 0.892; p ≤ 0.000) between percentage root segment colonization and the number of counted spores. The results for the field experiment showed that compost has significant effect (P < 0.001) on height, diameter and leaf increments with steady increment for the study period. There was no significant effect (P > 0.05) of mycorrhizae treatment as well as the interaction between both factors (AMF and compost) on the growth of K. anthoteca
Keyword: Coal mining, K. anthoteca, AMF, Compost, Plant Hormone

Judul: The Effect of Humic Substance, Organic Matter, and Lime Ameliorant Application on the Growing of Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens) in Ex-Coal Mining Batulicin Mine South Kalimantan
Abstrak: One of the efforts to support the succesfully of ex-coal mining reclamation is improving land quality and choosing oppropiate plants. The application of humic substance to replace organic matter function is still limited. Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens) is one of a land cover crops which usually used on ex-coal mining. This plant is tolerant on acid soil, fast growing, high biomass, decomposed easily, and has a function as conservation plant which can reduce erosion. This research was aimed to study the effect of amelioran humic substances, organic matter, and lime ameliorant application on the growing of Koro Benguk and soil physical-chemical properties in ex-coal mining PT. Arutmin Indonesia, Batulicin Mine, South Kalimantan. Research has been done experimentally using descriptive analysis. This research consist of 9 treatments as follows: humic substances with dosage 2.5 l/ha; 5 l/ha; 7.5 l/ha; liming with dosage 3.45 ton/ha (50% Al-dd ); 6.9 ton/ha (100% Al-dd); lime with dosage 3.45 ton/ha (50% Al-dd) + humic substances 5 l/ha; lime with dosage 6.9 ton/ha (lime 100% Al-dd) + humic substances 5 l/ha dosage; organic fertilizer 100 ton/ha and control. All this treatments were repeated three times. The parameters which were used in this research are fresh weight and dry weight pf Koro Benguk 3.5 month after planting. Soil analysis was conducted in laboratory of Physical Land Resources Development and laboratory of Soil Physics and Conservation, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed that application of humic substances gave the significanly increase of Koro Benguk plant biomass substantially 48.53 kg fresh weight and 11.81 kg dry weight, but was not significantly different on physicschemical properties. Liming application gave an effect on pH increased from 4.21 to 5.40 and decreasing Al from 10.17 me/100g to 0.29 me/100g. Organic fertilizer increasing C-organic from 0.16% to 0.96% and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) from 7.67 me/100g to 10.27 me/100g. Organic matter treatment decrease bulk density from 1.46 g/cm3 to 1.19 g/cm3.
Keyword: 

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: