Judul: Modifikasi Selulosa Ampas Tebu dengan Asetilasi
Abstrak: Bagasse has high cellulose content (52.7%), that can be modified into cellulose acetate by acetylation. Cellulose was isolated from bagasse by treatment with water, delignification with NaOH and NaClO2, and activation with H2SO4. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis showed that cellulose fibers have coated fibers after delignification and cellulose microfiber has not coated fibers after acid treatment. Infrared spectra showed the acetylation succeeded as proved by absorption of C=O at 1751–1749 cm-1 and absorption of –C–O– at 1244–1267 cm-1. The degree of substitution for delignified products were 0.07 (NaOH delignification) and 1.01 (NaClO2 delignification). Acetylated product had the highest degree of substitution (2.37). The degree of substitution and the molecular weight increased, meanwhile the degree of polymerization decreased. Molecular weight was 58,577–72,516 g mol-1 and degree of polymerization was 289–509. To evaluate the modified bagasse performance, it was used as a stationary phase in column chromatography and toluene was used as mobile phase. The extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza was not eluted in the modified bagasse column.
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Judul: Modifikasi Selulosa Ampas Sagu Dengan Polimerisasi Pencangkokan Dan Penautan-Silangan
Abstrak: Sago palm cake has high cellulose content. Prior to modification, cellulose of the sago palm cake was isolated in 4 stages: washed with distilled water, freed from starch, removed from hemicellulose, and removed from lignin. Modification of the sample was done by grafting and crosslinking using acrylamide as monomer, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker, and ammonium peroksidisulfat as initiator. Fourier tranformation infrared (FTIR) spectra of cellulose results showed the success of grafting and crosslinking modification. This can be evidenced by the emergence of bond stretching absorption of C=O at 1654.92 cm-1 wave number and intense -NH2 functional group appeared at wave number of 3182.64 cm-1, indicated the presence of polymer and crosslinker on the modified cellulose. The polymer formed had an average grafting ratio of 300.7 and an average grafting efficiency of 59.1% in order to obtain an average degree of crosslinking treatment in 24 hours of 31.5 g water/g polymer and in 48 hours treatment of 35.4 g water/g polymer.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan