Judul: Development of Mackerel Fish and Green Mussels Floss as an Alternative High in Protein and Iron Side Dish for Women of Reproductive Age
Abstrak: Kerang hijau merupakan bahan pangan yang kaya akan zat gizi dan cukup dikenal oleh masyarakat luas karena harganya yang terjangkau serta mudah untuk diperoleh. Abon ikan kembung dengan substitusi kerang hijau merupakan salah satu alternatif lauk yang dapat membantu meningkatkan asuan protein dan zat besi pada wanita usia subur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan serta menganalisis kandungan gizi produk abon berbahan dasar kerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga formulasi dengan perbandingan ikan kembung dan kerang hijau yang berbeda, yakni F0 (100:0), F1 (80:20), dan F2 (60:40). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik, karakteristik fisik, dan kandungan gizi, F2 ditetapkan sebagai formula terpilih. Abon formulasi terpilih mengandung kadar air 8,93%, kadar abu 6,04%, protein 34,91%, lemak 27,85%, karbohidrat 22,27%, dan zat besi 6,91mg/100 g. Satu takaran saji abon ikan kembung substitusi kerang hijau setara dengan 1 sdm serta memberikan kontribusi 72 kkal (3,2-3,5%) dari energi sehari wanita usia subur. Abon ikan kembung dan kerang hijau formulasi terpilih memenuhi syarat klaim sebagai produk tinggi protein dan zat besi., Green mussel is a food ingredient rich in nutrients and widely known by the general public due to its affordable price and easy accessibility. Mackerel fish floss with the substitution of green mussel is one alternative dish that can help improve the provision of protein and iron for women of reproductive age. This research aims to develop and analyze the nutritional content of the floss product based on mussels. The study used three different formulations with varying ratios of mackerel fish and green mussel: F0 (100:0), F1 (80:20), and F2 (60:40). Based on organoleptic tests, physical characteristics, and nutritional content analysis, F2 was determined as the selected formula. The selected formulation of the floss contains 8.93% moisture content, 6.04% ash content, 34.91% protein, 27.85% fat, 22.27% carbohydrates, and 6.91mg/100 g of iron. A serving size of the mackerel fish floss with green mussel substitution, equivalent to 1 tablespoon, contributes 72 kcal (3.2-3.5%) of daily energy for woman of reproductive age. The selected formulation of mackerel fish and green mussels floss meets the criteria to claim it as a high-protein and iron product.
Keyword: floss, green mussel, iron, mackerel fish, protein

Judul: The Mackerel Fish (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Sausages with  Fishbone Powder Addition as a Source of Calcium for Women of Reproductive Age
Abstrak: Sosis merupakan produk hewani yang banyak diminati dan dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat karena pengolahannya yang cepat dan mudah serta memiliki rasa yang lezat. Sosis ikan kembung dengan penambahan tepung tulang ikan sebagai alternatif lauk yang dapat membantu meningkatkan asupan protein dan kalsium wanita usia subur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan serta menganalisis kandungan gizi produk sosis ikan kembung dengan penambahan tepung tulang ikan. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga formula dengan penambahan tepung tulang ikan terhadap daging ikan yang berbeda, yakni F0 (100+0), F1 (100+2,5), dan F2 (100+5). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik, karakteristik fisik, dan kandungan gizi, F1 ditetapkan sebagai formula terpilih. Sosis formula terpilih mengandung kadar air 64,24%, kadar abu 1,97%, protein 13,04%, lemak 3,96%, karbohidrat 16,80%, dan kalsium 165,19mg. Satu takaran saji sosis ikan kembung dengan penambahan tepung tulang ikan setara dua buah sosis serta memberikan kontribusi 93 kkal (4,1%-4,5%) terhadap AKG wanita usia subur. Sosis ikan kembung formula terpilih telah memenuhi syarat klaim sebagai produk sumber protein dan kalsium., Sausage is an animal product that is popular and consumed by general public because it is fast and easy to process and has a delicious taste. Mackerel fish sausage with fishbone powder addition as an alternative side dish that can help to improve the protein and calcium intake for women of reproductive age. This research aimed to develop and analyze the nutritional content of the mackerel fish sausage with fishbone powder addition. The study used three different formulations with varying addition of fishbone powder to fish meat: F0 (100+0), F1 (100+2.5), and F2 (100+5). Based on sensory test and analysis of physical characteristic and nutrient content, F1 was determined as the selected formula. The selected formulation of the sausage contains 64.24% moisture content, 1.97% ash content, 13.04% protein, 3.96% fat, 16.80% carbohydrates, and 165.19 mg of calcium. A serving size of the mackerel fish sausage with fishbone powder addition, are equivalent to 2 slices of sausage, contributes 93 kcal (4.1%-4.5%) of RDA for women of reproductive age. The selected formulation of mackerel fish sausages has already met the requirement for claim as sources of protein and calcium product.
Keyword: calcium, fishbone powder, mackerel fish, protein, sausage

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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