Judul: The Use of Prill fat in Pollard-Based Feed on The Performance of Broiler Ducks
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performans itik pedaging yang diberi pakan prill fat pada pakan berbasis pollard. Pemeliharaan itik dilakukan di kandang itik Beji, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2021. Seratus dua puluh DOD (day old duck) dibagi secara acak menjadi tiga perlakuan (empat puluh DOD/perlakuan). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan SPSS dan jika ada perbedaan yang signifikan data selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji Duncan. Perlakuan yaitu P1 = pakan tanpa prill fat, P2= Pakan mengandung 2,5% prill fat, P3= Pakan mengandung 5% prill fat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan berat badan dan konversi pakan, sedangkan perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot badan akhir dan nilai income over feed and duck cost. Nilai tertinggi rataan bobot badan akhir diperoleh pada perlakuan P1 sebesar 1464,76 g, P2 sebesar 1415,82 g dan nilai terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan P3 yaitu 1353,55 g. Hasil yang sama juga pada income over feed and duck cost dimana nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan P1 sebesar Rp22.020,35, P2 sebesar Rp19.522,21 dan nilai terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan P3 sebesar Rp16.905,13. Pemberian pakan berbasis pollard tanpa prill fat menghasilkan nilai IOFDC dan bobot badan akhir terbaik. Semakin tinggi level pemberian prill fat maka bobot badan akhir dan IOFDC yang dihasilkan semakin menurun., This study aims to evaluate the performance of broiler ducks fed prill fat on pollard-based feed. Duck rearing was carried out in the Beji duck pen, Depok City, West Java. In October – December 2021. One hundred twenty DOD (day old duck) were randomly divided into three treatments (forty DOD/treatment). The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS and if there were significant differences in data then analyzed using Duncan's test. The treatments were P1 = feed without prill fat, P2 = feed containing 2.5% prill fat, P3 = feed containing 5% prill fat. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion, while the treatment had a significant effect on final body weight and value of income over feed and duck cost. The highest mean final body weight was obtained in treatment P1 of 1464.76 g and P2 of 1415.82 g and the lowest value was obtained in treatment of P3 which was 1353.55 g. The results are the same for income over feed and duck cost where the highest value is obtained in treatment P1 of Rp22,020.35, P2 is Rp19,522.21 and the lowest value is obtained in treatment P3 of Rp16,905.13. Feeding based on pollard without prill fat produced the best IOFDC and final body weight. The higher the level of prill fat, the lower the final body weight and IOFDC produced.
Keyword: IOFDC, performa, pollard, prill fat, itik

Judul: Evaluating Physical Quality of Feed Containing Pollard and Prill Fat and Its Effect On Duck Carcass
Abstrak: Itik pedaging diminati masyarakat karena rasa dagingnya gurih dan lezat. Mahalnya harga pakan menyebabkan pakan yang diberikan berkualitas rendah. Perlu adanya bahan baku alternatif berkualitas dengan harga yang murah. Pollard merupakan bahan baku berenergi tinggi yang dihasilkan dari limbah industri (2 103 kkal kg-1). Prill fat merupakan hasil samping industri minyak kelapa sawit mengandung lemak tinggi asam palmitat dengan energi tinggi (8 100 kkal kg-1). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kualitas fisik pakan mengandung pollard dan prill fat pada persentase karkas, persentase lemak abdomen, dan kadar kolesterol daging itik. Data dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA menggunakan aplikasi SPSS dan apabila terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan. Perlakuan yang diberikan memiliki kandungan taraf prill fat yaitu P1 = 0%, P2 = 2,5%, dan P3 = 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan prill fat pada pakan mengandung pollard menurunkan ukuran partikel dan tingkat kekerasan pakan. Pakan perlakuan tidak meningkatkan bobot karkas itik pedaging, tetapi meningkatkan kadar kolesterol total dan cita rasa daging itik. Penambahan prill fat di dalam pakan mengurangi keuntungan bagi peternak., Meat ducks are demanded by public due to it’s savory and delicious meat taste. In the field, high price of feed causes bad quality of feeding. It is necessary to have alternative feed raw material that have good quality and can be reahed by farmer. Pollard produced from flour milling by-product which has high energy nutrient content (2 103 kcal kg-1). Prill fat is a by-product of the palm oil industry that contains of high fat palmitic acid (8 100 kcal kg-1). The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical quality of feed containing pollard and prill fat on carcass percentage, abdominal fat percentage, and duck meat cholesterol levels. Data were analyzed using ANOVA by SPSS and if there was any significant difference (P<0.05), data were analyzed using Duncan’s test. The treatments consist of prill fat content level i,e P1 = 0%, P2 = 2.5%, P3= 5%. The results showed that the addition of prill fat reduced particle size and hardness level. The treatments did not increase carcass weight of meat ducks, but increased total cholesterol levels and taste of ducks meat. The addition of prill fat in the feed can reduce profits for farmers from an economic point of view.
Keyword: Itik Pedaging, Kualitas Fisik, Kualitas Karkas, Pollard, Prill Fat

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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