Judul: Detennining the boundary of Edge and Core Area of Remnant Forest in Balai Raja Wildlife Sanctuary, Riau Province
Abstrak: Over the period 1985 to 2004, forest land cover in Balai Raja Wildlife Sanctuary reduced from 13,705.19 hectares to 705.85 hectares of fragmented forest. The reduction was attributed to illegal logging, mining, agriculture, oil palm plantation and settlement. In spite of the large loss, the remnant fragmented forest still serves a very important purpose, it is the last habitat for the Sumatran wildlife, however, there is no little or no infonnation on the characteristics of this forest, such as, the diversity of plant, indicator species and stand structure of forest edge. This study was designed to fill the knowledge gap, specifically, to detennine boundaries, diversity, stand structure of forest edge which is essential as a basis of infonnation in managing this area. Through field visits, seedlings, sapling poles, and trees species were identified and inventoried. The data were then used to carry out Bray Curtis analysis. Results show that the boundaries of forest edge range from 20-80 meters. Species of macaranga, mallotus and aporosa were identified as the indicator species. The dominant species in sequence for seedling, sapling, pole and tree were Alphitonia incana, Mischocarpus sundaicus, Macaranga gigantean and Shorea canina.
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Judul: Keragaman Struktur Tegakan Hutan Alam Tanah Kering Bekas Tebangan Di Kalimantan
Abstrak: Forest is a natural sophisticated ecosystem that its structure and composition differs than neighborhood environments. High market demand on forest product, especially woods, has charge in forest degradation, both quantity and quality. Thus, upcoming prescription of natural forest management should be determined more accurately and efficiently. The future stand potency can be predicted based on current ex felling stand potency through data collected from Permanent Sample Plot (PSP). In that case, it is necessary to discover the diversity of stand structure after logging. Stand structure diversity is foretold by negative exponential formula N = N0 e-kd. The diversity of natural stand structure after logging in Kalimantan island is forecasted through observation at 106 PSP of 39 timber estate unit, presented 9 (nine) possible stand type. In stand structure of Dipterocarpaceae group is found six stand type, that were Type I 21,36% (22 PSP), Type II 27,18% (28 PSP), Type III 16,50% (17 PSP), Type V 2,91% (3 PSP), Type VI 13,59% (14 PSP), and Type IX 18,45% (19 PSP). Meanwhile, 7 (seven) type of stand structure were found in non-Dipterocarpaceae group that were Type I 28,16% (29 PSP), Type II 17,48% (18 PSP), Type III 1,94% (2 PSP), Type V 17,48% (18 PSP), Type VI 9,74% (9 PSP), Type VIII 4,85% (5 PSP), and Type IX 21,36% (22 PSP). Six stand type were found at group of all species that were Type I 25,47% (27 PSP), Type II 22,64% (24 PSP), Type III 3,77% (4 PSP), Type V 15,09% (16 PSP), Type VI 16,98% (18 PSP), and Type IX 16,04% (17 PSP). Those three groups have vary initial number of trees but all endured trees number decreasing by the increasing of diameter class, from slightly slope to highly slope topography. Based on land cover map, some timber estates were discovered located at primary or mature secondary forest, secondary or immature secondary forest, and the rest were at area other than forest, each were 3 HPH (7,69%), 24 HPH (61,54%), and 12 HPH (30,77%), respectively.
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Judul: Disain Model Alat pasteurisasi susu Otomatis
Abstrak: Pada umumnya, bahan pangan mempunyai sifat mudah rusak. Kerusakan ini tergantung dari jenis bahan pangannya, dapat berlangsung secara lambat misalnya pada biji-bijian, atau dapat berlangsung secara sangat cepat misalnya pada susu. Salah satu cara pengawetan bahan pangan adalah dengan menggunakan energi panas, misalnya cara pasteurisasi. Pasteurisasi merupakan suatu cara atau langkah dalam pengawetan yang biasa dilakukan pada susu. Pengaruh pasteurisasi susu antara sebagai berikut; air susu lebih lama dapat disimpan, раda suhu rendah malahan dapat disimpan beberapa hari; air su- su tidak lagi mengandung kuman-kuman patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu model alat pasteurisasi susu dengan memanfaatkan teknologi elektronik pada alat kontrol suhunya. Model alat pasteurisasi susu otomatis yang didisain terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu alat pasteurisasi susu dan alat pengatur suhu. Bagian alat pasteurisasi terdiri dari tanki pasteurisasi, tanki medium pemanas, pompa dan unit pencatu daya. Sedangkan bagian alat pengatur suhu terdiri dari unit pengindera, unit penguat tegangan, unit penanding (comparator), unit penguat arus, unit kontrol (relai) dan unit pencatu daya. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap keseragaman suhu, model alat pasteurisasi yang dibuat masih menghasilkan perbedaan suhu selama proses pasteurisasi. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai suhu pasteurisasi (63°C) dengan suhu awal 27, 29 dan 31.10 °C adalah berturut-turut 14.833, 14.733 dan 11.833 menit. Alat pengatur suhu yang dibuat dapat mencakup kisaran pengaturan suhu dari 40 sampai 75 °C, dengan selang kepekaan sebesar 0.003 volt. Penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap konstruksi tanki pasteurisasi dan sistim pengadukkannya perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh tingkat keseragaman suhu yang lebih baik, begitu juga terhadap bahan pembalut sensor, kestabilan alat pengatur suhu, pengembangan rangkaian unit penanding (comparator) dan unit penguat serta kestabilan tegangan pada setiap unit fungsional alat pengatur suhu diperlukan untuk mempertinggi kualitas dan kemampuannya.
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