Judul: Substitusi Tepung Daun Kelor terhadap Isolat Protein Kedelai pada Biskuit Ikan Lele yang Berpotensi sebagai Pangan Darurat.
Abstrak: Salah satu bentuk penanggulangan bencana adalah dengan menyediakan pangan darurat. Produk biskuit ikan lele sudah baik dan cocok untuk dijadikan sebagai pangan darurat, namun dalam proses pembuatannya masih terdapat komponen impor yaitu isolat protein kedelai. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari substitusi tepung daun kelor terhadap isolat protein kedelai pada biskuit ikan lele. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima formula, yaitu F0 (kontrol), F1 (40% tepung dan kelor, 60% isolat protein kedelai), F2 (60% tepung daun kelor, 40% isolat protein kedelai), F3 (80% tepung daun kelor, 20% isolat protein kedelai), F4 (100% tepung daun kelor, 0% isolat protein kedelai). Penentuan formula terbaik dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji hedonik dan pertimbangan substitusi dari tepung daun kelor. Formula terbaik adalah F3 dengan kandungan zat gizi protein 12.5 gram (%bb), lemak 21.4 gram (%bb), karbohidrat 54 gram (%bb), zat besi 3.33 mg (%bb), kalsium 478.7 mg (%bb), dan energi 448.6 kkal per 100 gram. Biskuit tersebut dapat diklaim sebagai pangan sumber protein dan tinggi kalsium berdasarkan Acuan Label Gizi (ALG).
Keyword: biskuit, pangan darurat, tepung daun kelor, tepung ikan lele

Judul: Mempelajari Pengolahan Biskuit Dengan Subtitusi Tepung Ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp.)
Abstrak: Dewasa ini produk ikan olahan sndah banyak beredar di pasaran, baik yang diolah secm'a tradisional maupun secm'a modern, Selain dad bentnk produk ikan olahan yang sudah ada, usaha untuk melllngkatkan pemanfaatan dan pendayagullaan hasil perikanan dapat dicapai dellgan eara melakukan diversifikasi benrnk produk ikan olahan yang bam, Bisk"Uit adalah prodnk makanan kering yang dibuat dengan memanggang adonan yang mengandnng bahan dasar tepnng tedgu, lemak dan bahan pengembang dengan atan tanpa penambahan bahan tambahanlain yang diizinkan, Tujuan penelitian ini adalah nntnk meningkatkan gizi biskuit terutallla kandll1lgan protein selta mengetahui sifat kirnia, fisika dan mikrobiologis, mengetahui mnm dan daya awet bisknit ikan dan lllengetahni tingkat kesnkaan panelis terhadap bisk"Uit ikan, Perlak"Uan yang diberikan dalam proses pelllbuatan biskuit ikan adalah snb;;:titusi tepll1lg ikan (X) dan lama penyimpanan (T), Substitusi tepnng ikan yang dignnakan adalah 0 % (Xl), 10 % (X2) dan 20 % (X3), Sedangkan nntnk perlak"Uan lama penyimpanan yaitn minggn ke-O (To), ke-I (TJ), ke-2 (T2), ke-3 (T3) dan ke-4 (T4),
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Judul: Vocal Communication of Wild Crested Macaque (Macaca nigra).
Abstrak: Communication is an important aspect in the life of primates. In general, communication in primates involves the visual, auditory, and olfactory system. However, the vocal communication is an effective mode of communication since it may reach further than any other mode, especially for primates living in the forest habitat. Communication has important roles for the social life of primates such as individual or group identity, providing information of the presence of food and predators, and facilitating social interactions in primate social groups. This research was carried out on wild Macaca nigra, which is one of the seven macaque species endemic to Sulawesi. The species is characterised by a high level of social tolerance. Vocal communication studies on tolerant species are very limited compared to other, more despotic macaque species. The purpose of this study was to determine the variation of vocalizations of M. nigra and the social contexts in which the calls are issued. This study aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the complex social communication of these macaques and indirectly, contributes to the conservation and management of it, both in the wild and in captivity. A total of 1369 call units were generated from 328 sequences of calls. The calls were categorized based on their acoustic structure and the contexts in which they were uttered. Descriptive statistics of the acoustic parameter measurements are presented. This study found 11 call types emitted by M. nigra. Based on the physical structure of acoustics, the calls are categorized as tonal calls, non-tonal calls and complex calls (combination of tonal and non-tonal parts). M. nigra emitted the calls in all five main social contexts: affiliation, group cohesion (incl. group movement), agonism, predation and mating behaviour, whereas the loud call was uttered in several different contexts including non-social one. The calls were emitted by all individual, except the calls during mating behaviour and loud calls. Females and males had distinct call structure and calling time during mating behaviour. The loud call was issued only by adult males. One of the vocalizations can be considered as discrete signals while the others calls show high degrees of grading into each other. The discrete signals include calls in the group cohesion. The graded call signals were issued in the context of affiliation, agonism, the presence of predators and calls related to sexual behaviour. The ability of receiver to assess various clues and the usage of multimodal by the sender would influence the individual’s response to the graded signals. As a tolerant species, M. nigra showed high variation of calls compared to other monkey species. The call variation differences were likely influenced by various factors such as the character of species, behaviour and habitats. Vocal communication data on the species M. nigra can complement the data supporting the taxonomic determination and conservation activities of the species. The calls might give information regarding the emotional state of animals, which is important in ecotourism activities and captive animal management.
Keyword: Macaca nigra, vocalization, graded, social context, conservation, species management