Judul: Pemanfaatan ikan layang (Decapterus sp.) sebagai suplemen dalam pembuatan kerupuk jagung
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui taraf suplementasi ikan layang dalam bentuk surimi dan daging lumat terhadap mutu kerupuk jagung, serta mengetahui penerimaan dan kesukaan konsumen terhadap kerupuk jagung yang disuplementasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Sub Balai Penelitian Perikanan Laut Slipi Jakarta, Laboratorium Pengolahan Pangan dan Analisa Zat Gizi Jurusan Gizi Masyarakat dan Sumberdaya Keluarga, dari bulan April 1993 sampai September 1993. Perlakuan percobaan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari dua faktor yaitu faktor bentuk olahan ikan (A) dengan dua taraf yaitu surimi (A₁) dan daging lumat (A2) serta faktor suplementasi ikan (B) dengan taraf suplementasi 0% (Bo), 10% (B1), 20% (B2) dan 30% (B3). Rancangan percobaan penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua kali ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analisa ragam dan dilakukan uji lanjut Tukey dan Dunnett. Data organoleptik dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal Wallis dan nilai modus persentase jumlah panelis. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kadar air, protein, karbohidrat, lemak, abu, energi, rendemen, Aw, kemekaran, kekerasan, TPC serta perhitungan skor protein. Uji organoleptik dilakukan terhadap penampakan, homogenitas, warna, bau, rasa, kerenyahan dan penerimaan umum.
Keyword: suplemen

Judul: Pemanfaatan Ikan Layang (Decapterus macrosoma) sebagai suplementasi kerupuk ubi jalar
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat daging ikan layang sebagai suplementasi kerupuk ubi jalar, mempelajari keseragaman tekstur, warna dan tingkat kere- nyahan kerupuk, serta mencari konsentrasi penambahan daging ikan layang optimal yang menghasilkan kerupuk yang baik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola Faktorial dengan dua kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah jenis olahan ikan (A) dengan dua taraf, yaitu surimi (A1) dan daging lumat (A2) ikan layang dan perlakuan konsentra- si penambahan ikan (B) yang terdiri dari lima taraf, yaitu 0% (B1), 5% (B2), 10% (B3), 15% (B4) dan 20% (B5). Kerupuk mentah dan goreng dari masing-masing perla- kuan kemudian dianalisis, yang meliputi analisis kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar karbohidrat dan TBA), analisis fisik (kekerasan obyektif, derajat pengembangan linear dan densitas kamba), analisis mikrobiologi (TPC) dan uji organoleptik (rupa, homogeni- tas, keadaan permukaan, warna, bau, tekstur, kerenyahan dan rasa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein dan TPC kerupuk mengalami kenaikan seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi suplemen, sedangkan kadar karbohidrat semakin menurun. Interaksi perlakuan jenis olahan dan konsentrasi penambahan ikan berbeda nyata terhadap kadar abu dan Aw kerupuk mentah, kadar lemak dan TPC kerupuk mentah maupun goreng, kadar karbohidrat dan TBA kerupuk goreng…dst
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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