Judul: The Effect Cassava Leaves Meal in The Diets on Body Weigbt, Percentage of Digestive Tract and Viscera of Mule Duck.
Abstrak: The mule ducks are the crossbreed between common duck females (Anas plathyrhynchos) and muscovy ducks (Cairino moschata) to improve the meat production in order to meet the animal protein requirement of the people. One of the problems in husbandry farming is highly feed cost. This problem can be solved with using highly available local sources and cheapness. Cassava leaves (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is the one local sources which can be used as an alternative feed, because it contains a rather high protein (24.1%) aud vitamin A (10,000-13,000 IU). A highly Hydrocyanide (HCN) as well as crude fiber in the cassava leaves are the limiting factors to be used as poultry diet. The ducks have more ability in digest the crude fiber than chicken. So that, using some cassava leaves in the diet does not make any problem.
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Judul: Nutrient quality improvement of bitter variety cassava silage with rumen fluid enzyme and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as poultry feed.
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to improve nutrient quality of silage with cassava as main ingredient by rumen fluid enzyme and Leuconostoc mesenteroides as additive in ensilage process for male duck feed. The first experiment was Leuconostoc mesenteroides bacterial isolation and identification from cassava tuber. There were 4 selected isolates of Leuconostoc mesenteroides (A, B, C, and D) that have ability to reduce cyanide in cassava tuber. C isolate resulted the lowest value of cyanide and then was used for further trials. The second experiment was the application of rumen fluid crude enzyme on cassava substrates. The experiment used Completely Randomized Design with 15 cassava combination and 3 replicates i.e. tuber (U), Leaf (D), Peel (K), Onggok (O), tuber+onggok (UO), peel+tuber (KU), leaf+tuber (DU), leaf+onggok (DO), leaf+peel (DK), peel+onggok (KO), peel+leaf+onggok (KDO), leaf+tuber+peel (DUK), peel+tuber+onggok (KUO) leaf+tuber+onggok (DUO) and Peel+leaf+tuber+onggok (KDUO). Result of the second experiment showed that the crude enzyme of rumen fluid did not significantly affect dry matter losses (0.96-2.08%), but it had significant effect on crude fiber decrease (8.61-17.83%) and total sugar increase (15.19-29.52%). The third experiment used the same treatment as second experiment for nutrient analyses before and after ensilage processing. Result of the third experiment showed that the temperature in ensilage process ranged between 26-300C, acid and fermented smelling, colour changing (cream, brown and yellow green), Ensilage process had significant (P<0.05) effect on dry matter (30.14-43.28%), pH (3.73-4.86), crude protein (-1.92-2.39%), cyanide (86.90-96.50%) and crude fiber (0.50-4.90%), but not significant on dry matter loss (1.20-2.66%). From the second and thirh experiments indicated that combination of four ingredients pre hydrolyzed cassava (D, DK, DUK, KDUO) was the best ingredient for mixed silage cassava (BBS) and it was used for forth experiments. The forth experiment was Metabolic energy and nitrogen retention of duck feed with BBS silage. The experiment used 25 male ducks of 10 weeks old with metabolic cages. The ducks had 7 days adaptation, 1 day fasting before treatment. Treatments were S0 (100% control), S25 (25% BBS silage), S50 (50% BBS silage), S75 (75% BBS silage) and S100 (100% BBS silage) and 4 replicates. Control feed was composed of corn, rice brand, coconut cake, soybean cake, coconut oil, fish meal and premix. Experiment was feeding trial using 140 male ducks 7 days old with litter cages (120x100x100 cm). This experiment used the same treatments as the forth experiment. The results of the forth experiments showed that increasing BBS silage in feed significantly decreased nitrogen retention, metabolizable energy, performance and increased organs weight. BBS silage could be used up to 75% in feed as recommendation from this research.
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Judul: Rekonstruksi Persamaan Pauli dan Representasi Kuantum Entanglement Berdasarkan Interpretasi Kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich.
Abstrak: Mekanika kuantum merupakan teori fundamental yang telah memberikan kontribusi besar dalam perkembangan sains dan teknologi hingga saat ini. Namun masih banyak masalah fundamental terkait realita fisis postulat-postulat dan perumusan mekanika kuantum yang menimbulkan pertanyaan. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan banyak perdebatan dan interpretasi yang berbeda mengenai fundamental teori mekanika kuantum. Salah satu interpretasi mekanika kuantum yang menggunakan dasar mekanika statistik klasik adalah interpretasi Budiyono-Rohrlich (BR). Interpretasi kuantum BR merupakan interpretasi mekanika statistik klasik yang menggunakan aksioma ontic extension dan epistemic restriction serta memuat tiga teorema untuk menjelaskan kuantum entanglement, prinsip ketidakpastian Heisenberg dan merekonstruksi persamaan Schrodinger. Namun, interpretasi kuantum BR belum melibatkan spin dalam perumusannya. Persamaan Schrodinger yang melibatkan interaksi elektromagnetik dan keadaan spin disebut sebagai persamaan Schrodinger-Pauli atau persamaan Pauli. Asumsi pemisahan distribusi probabilitas untuk keadaan spin-up dan spin-down dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi persamaan Pauli. Proses formulasi persamaan menggunakan aksioma ontic extension dan epistemic restriction dalam interpretasi kuantum BR serta menggunakan prinsip konservasi, yaitu konservasi energi rata-rata dan kontinuitas probabilitas. Formulasi ini juga dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan persamaan dinamika dan representasi kuantum entanglement dua partikel, namun menggunakan asumsi pemisahan distribusi probabilitas yang berbeda, yaitu untuk masing-masing keadaan yang mungkin dari dua partikel tersebut. Dalam formulasi ini, spin sebagai intrinsik momentum sudut tidak dapat dinyatakan dalam epistemic restriction, melainkan menggunakan definisi operator.
Keyword: Budiyono-Rohrlich, entanglement, epistemic, ontic, Pauli, spin