Judul: The Effect of Storage Conditions and Packaging Material during Storage on Viability of Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) recalcitrant seed
Abstrak: Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt) is an important spicy commodity in Indonesia that decreased its productivity. The factors influencing nutmeg productivity is of low quality. The nutmeg seed is a recalcitrant that did not have endurance in prolonged storage. Therefore, selecting packaging material plays an important role during seed storage so that seed moisture content does not get desiccation during storage and keep good viability. The good material packaging selection must adjust to seed type, temperature, seed room humidity, initial moisture content, storage period, and the final storage goal. This research aimed to observe packaging material and properly seed room to keep long term seed viability. The research arranged by nested design consisted of the packaging material that nested in the storage periods. Packaging treatment (K) consisted of four levels such as zipper plastic size 14 x 20 cm 0.10 mm thick (K1), plastic sack size 17 x 21 cm 0.10 mm thick (K2), gunny sack size 14.5 x 20 cm 0.20 mm thick (K3), and plastic jar size 12 x 19 cm 0.10 mm thick (K4). Storage period levels were 12 days (P1), 18 days (P2), and 24 days (P3). The experiment was conducted in three separated storage room condition consisted of room temperature (28,91 0C dan RH 61,17%) (T1), controlled seed storage (24,84 0C dan RH 80,36%) (T2) and refrigerator (9,49 0C dan RH 18,44%) (T3). The result showed that seed storage at room temperature for 12 days storage period within zipper plastic had the highest viability indicated by seed germination capacity (56.25%). The result indicated a low decrease of only 6.25% than initial germination (62.5%). Seed moisture content was 48.42%, respiration rate (32.35 mmCO2/kg/h), growth rate (10.05 %/et mal), vigor index (9.73%), seed growth capacity (55.00%), and the leaf amount 3.43 after 11 weeks planting seed as well. A controlled seed storage room (AC) result showed that 12 days storage period with a plastic zipper could hold a respiration rate of 44.03 mmCO2/kg/h) and growth rate 7.74%/etmal. Germination capacity was higher if stored in a plastic jar of 49.10% within 12 days storage period. Unfortunately, the seed viability of nutmeg loss if stored in the refrigerator could not grow and die. The highest seed viability measurement that could be held on is in chamber temperature for 12 days storage period with a plastic zipper packaging., Pala (Myristica fragrans Houtt) merupakan komoditas rempah penting Indonesia mengalami penurunan produktivitas yang cukup signifikan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas pala salah satunya adalah rendahnya mutu benih pala. Benih pala merupakan benih rekalsitran yang tidak tahan disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Oleh karena itu pemilihan materi kemasan sangat penting selama penyimpanan benih, agar kadar air benih tidak mengalami perubahan selama penyimpanan dan viabilitas benih dapat dipertahankan. Pemilihan jenis kemasan yang baik harus disesuaikan dengan tipe benih, suhu dan RH ruang simpan, kadar air awal, lama simpan dan tujuan akhir penyimpanan Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan jenis kemasan dan kondisi ruang simpan yan tepat untuk mempertahankan viabilitas benih pala dalam periode yang panjang. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan petak tersarang (Nested Design) dengan faktor jenis kemasan yang tersarang
Keyword: Seed, packaging, storage room, storage period, viability, Benih, kemasan, periode simpan, ruang simpan, viabilitas, penyimpanan

Judul: Selection of Storage Methods to Maintain Viability and Vigor of Cardamom (Amomum cardamomum) Seeds.
Abstrak: Penyimpanan merupakan salah satu penanganan pasca panen yang dilakukan untuk mempertahankan mutu benih. Benih kapulaga termasuk benih rekalsitran yang memerlukan kadar air tinggi selama penyimpanan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan metode penyimpanan yang tepat dalam mempertahankan viabilitas dan vigor benih kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah metode simpan yang terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu penyimpanan benih dalam kapsul dengan kemasan plastik, dalam kapsul dengan kemasan kertas, tanpa kapsul dengan kemasan plastik, dan tanpa kapsul dengan kemasan kertas. Faktor kedua adalah periode simpan yang terdiri atas 4 taraf yaitu benih disimpan selama 1, 2, 3, dan 4 minggu. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kadar air benih, daya berkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, mean germination time, dan potensi tumbuh maksimum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan kemasan kertas menyebabkan penurunan kadar air benih dari 27,4% menjadi 21,5-22,2%. Penggunaan kemasan plastik mampu mempertahankan kadar air benih pada 26,1-26,5%. Penurunan kadar air pada benih dalam kemasan kertas tidak menyebabkan daya berkecambah menjadi lebih rendah (51-58%) dibandingkan daya berkecambah benih tanpa kapsul kemasan plastik (52%). Benih yang belum diekstraksi dari kapsulnya dan disimpan dalam kemasan plastik menghasilkan daya berkecambah nyata lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya apabila disimpan dalam kemasan plastik (35%). Kata kunci: kemunduran benih, media perkecambahan, mutu benih, permeabilitas, tanaman rempah
Keyword: media perkecambahan, kemunduran benih, mutu benih, permeabilitas, tanaman rempah

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: