Judul: Penghambatan Enzim Siklooksigenase-2 oleh campuran nanopartikel ekstrak Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida) dan Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale)
Abstrak: Both suruhan (Peperomia pellucida) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) were known to inhibit cyclooxygenase-2 but, the mixture of these two has a low inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2. The aim of this research is to test the potency of suruhan, red ginger, and its mixture in nanoparticle as a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor. Groups were divided into suruhan nanoparticle, red ginger nanoparticle, and suruhan-red ginger nanoparticle 1:1, 2:1, and 1:2. Nanoparticle was made using homogenation and ultrasonication. The inhibitory effect was analyzed using Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) principle. The average size of suruhan nanopaticle was 90.61 nm and the Polidispersity Index was 0.22. Average size of red ginger nanoparticle was 173.46 nm and IP was 0.17. Maximum inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 by nanoparticle of red ginger was 73.82% at 75 μg/mL, and 22.99 % by its mixture at 175.75 μg/mL. Nanoparticle of suruhan did not have an inhibitory effect, however its mixture with nanoparticle of red ginger (1:2) can inhibit cylooxygenase-2.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), suruhan, red ginger, nanoparticle, inflammation, cyclooxygenase-2

Judul: Daya Hambat Siklooksigenase-2 oleh Campuran Ekstrak Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida) dan Jahe Merah (Zingiber officinale) dalam Inflamasi
Abstrak: Peperomia pellucida and Zingiber officinale were known to have anti-inflammatory activity, yet there was no further research to verify their inhibition in inflammatory process. The aim of this research is to test the potency of mixture extract of suruhan (Peperomia pellucida) and red ginger (Zingiber officinale) as anti-inflammation through in vitro inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 enzyme. Anti-inflammatory effect was analyzed with ELISA (Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) and spectrophotometry method at wavelenghth 412 nm. Maximum inhibition of Peperomia pellucida extract against cyclooxygenase-2 was 48% at 100 μg/mL, Zingiber officinale extract inhibition was 44% at 300 μg/mL, and for mixture extract inhibition was 15% at 175 μg/mL. Mixture extract of Peperomia pellucida and Zingiber officinale showed lower inhibitory potency to cyclooxygenase-2 compared to their single extracts. Cytotoxicity test with Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method showed that Peperomia pellucida extract, Zingiber officinale extract, and mixture extract of both plants have a cytotoxity effect with each LC50 values are 339, 591, and 728 μg/mL. Phytochemical test showed that each extract contains flavonoid, phenolic, alkaloid, and tannin. Saponin and steroid were contained only in Peperomia pellucida extract and terpenoid was contained only in Zingiber officinale extract. Rendement extract of Peperomia pellucida is 24% and Zingiber officinale is 21%.
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Judul: Aspek kehidupan dan reproduksi pada lumba-lumba
Abstrak: Lumba-lumba merupakan mammalia yang hidup di laut dan sebagian hidup di beberapa perairan air tawar. Hewan ini mempunyai bentuk tubuh yang streamline, moncong seperti paruh serta mempunyai gigi kurang lebih 200 buah. Tubuh lumba-lumba dilapisi oleh spermaceti yang terdiri dari lapisan minyak. Hewan yang sering terlihat di gelanggang-gelanggang samudra ini mempunyai ekor horizontal dan panjang tubuhnya berkisar 1,1 meter sampai 9 meter (Yablokov, 1974). Bia- sanya jantan lebih besar daripada yang betina. Di dalam klasifikasinya lumba-lumba termasuk dalam kelas mammalia, ordo Cetacea dan subordo Odontoceti. Di seluruh perairan dunia, terdapat banyak sekali spesies lumba-lumba, yang keseluruhannya termasuk ke dalam kelompok famili Delphinidae yang terdiri atas 19 genus ya- itu : Steno, Sotalia, Stenella, Delphinus, Lissodelphis, Orchinus, Lagenodelphis, Tursiops, Grampus, Lagenorhynchus Orcaella, Cephalorhynchus, Peponocephala, Feresa, Pseu- dorca, Globicephala, Phocoena, Neophocoena, dan yang terakhir Phoconoides (Yablokov, 1974). Tiga genus yang terakhir tidak termasuk lumba-lumba. Selain famili tersebut di atas, terdapat pula lumba- lumba yang hidup di perairan air tawar, yaitu dari famili Platanistidae (Cousteau, J.Y. , 1975). Makanan utama lumba-lumba berupa ikan (tuna, cumi-cu- mi, dan lain-lain), mollusca, cephalopoda dan crustacea. Dalam mencari makanannya, lumba-lumba bermigrasi secara teratur. Mereka menghabiskan musim panas di daerah kutub, kemudian bermigrasi ke daerah selatan selama musim dingin. Habitat lumba-lumba yang mutlak adalah air, baik air asin maupun air tawar. Mereka tidak dapat meninggalkan air, meskipun menurut asal-usulnya lumba-lumba merupakan mammalia darat (Coffey, D.J. 1977). Menurut Yablokov (1974) lumba-lumba betina memiliki sepasang ovarium yang rata/licin yang terdapat dalam ova- rian sac. Pada vagina beberapa spesies lumba-lumba terda- pat sumbat vagina/plug..dst
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