Judul: Risk Communication to Increase Independence of Swamp Rice Farmers in South Sumatera
Abstrak: The risk of farming rice swamps that have a lot of problems in managing farming rice makes farmers swamp affected by the level of production and income were received fairly low. Low self-reliance of farmers of rice marsh in the management of land marsh caused by information, innovation, and the ability of communication risks swamp rice farmers who are still classified as low. Management of risks rice swamps are highly influenced by the condition of nature and the environment topography of the area swamps and system of cultivation which used the farmers both the means of production are used, monitoring the organism nuisance plants as well as fluctuations in the price of grain and rice. Communication of risk is part of the communication that can provide input information that is kept constant and reciprocal forth between extension worker, groups of farmers, governments, and partners farmer so happened to increase the independence of farmers in farming rice swamp to involve farmers in the development of the means of agricultural, liveliness extension in the dissemination of innovation information swamp rice farming. In addition to the price that continues to dynamically follow the request tastes market. Increasing the ability of farmers to answer the challenges of law No. 19 of 2013 concerning the protection and empowerment of farmers. The ability of farmers to establish themselves as private are independent of the terms of the power of competitiveness, power filter, and power sanding, need to be aspects of the amplifier main to run the farming of rice that manage the farmers as a source of eye livelihood principal. The purpose of the research was (1) to analyze the communication of risk, the level of independence of farmers, and the factors that affect the farming of rice in the District Banyuasin and Regency of Ogan Ilir, South Sumatera. (2) analyze the factors which predominantly affect the communication of risk and the level of independence of farmers in farming rice swamp. (3) developing a risk communication strategy formulation in increasing the independence of swamp rice farmers in South Sumatra. The research was using the approach to the study of quantitative and using survey techniques. The study involved 294 samples from two districts. Withdrawal of samples carried out by random stratified to see the data that is held respectively in the district were selected in District Ogan Ilir and District Banyuasin. Withdrawal of samples to take from some groups that belong in the group of farmers and distributed questionnaires and on the interview following the guidelines for the interview. Risk farming rice swamps that occur have the intensity that enough was which often happens flood seasonally, as well as the attack of pests which reduce the production of farmers as well as fluctuations in the price of grain is often no uncertain which impact on the income of farmers. The ability of communication risk of farmers derived from the activities of farmers in the follow socialization in villages and groups of farmers and media information directly and not directly. The process of communication of risk occurs periodically continues to
Keyword: access to information, independent farmers, risk communication, akses informasi, kemandirian petani, komunikasi risik, access to information, independent farmers, risk communication

Judul: Communication of Agricultural Inovation in Supporting Productivity and Empowerment of Farmers in The Digital Age
Abstrak: Food, especially rice, is a severe problem in national life in Indonesia. In the last five years, there has been a significant decrease in rice productivity of 3.4% (BPS, 2019). This decline in rice productivity is thought to be closely related to the level of empowerment and farmers' access to innovation communication, especially with digital communication technology in agriculture. The research aims to analyze the determinants of productivity levels and design a digital innovation communication strategy to increase farmer empowerment and productivity. This research method was a survey supported by extracting qualitative information on related sources in rural Bogor. The results of this study showed that the level of farmer empowerment directly influenced farmer productivity and indirectly influenced positively by successively from the strongest: the use of ICT, individual characteristics, farmer innovation activities, and vice versa, indirectly negatively influenced by environmental support. This research shows that the role of digital innovation communication technology is significant in increasing farmer empowerment and productivity. Environmental support has a negative effect on farmer empowerment, meaning that dominance in the intervention of farmers leads to dependency or helplessness of farmers.
Keyword: Communication, Extension, Digital, Innovation

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf