Judul: Identifikasi Bakteri Selulolitik Asal Tanah Situ Gede dengan Teknik Genetika Molekuler.
Abstrak: Cellulose is a biopolymer in nature which is dominant agricultural waste. Many practices degrade cellulose into glucose molecules by using cellulase enzyme. This research aim to identify the cellulolytic bacteria and to test cellulase activities. The methods are platting isolates, halo zone testing, DNA isolation, visualization of DNA fragmen by electrophoresis, 16S rDNA gene amplification by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), 16S rDNA gene divesity analysis with restriction enzymes, DNA sequensing analysis, and enzymatic assay using CMC selective media. Six isolates were analyzed by restriction enzyme and showed three diversity of based, its differences by size. The size of the bases are 1500 bp, 850 bp, and <850 bp. Sequensing DNA by GeneBank in NCBI web are 85% indentical between Cellvibrio fibrivorans to isolate D714 and then 81% identical to Cellvibrio gandavensis to isolate J531. Enzyme activities of isolates D714, D533, J731, and J531 has been tested enzyme to get the highest activity on seventh day is 0.1054 IU/mL, 0.0996 IU/mL, 0.101 IU/mL, and 0.9689 IU/mL.
Keyword: cellulolytic bacteria, cellulase enzyme, gene 16S rDNA

Judul: Isolasi dan Kloning Gen Selulase dari Bakteri Rumen Sapi.
Abstrak: Cellulases are the enzymes that hydrolize cellulosic biomass and are produced by the microorganisms that grow over cellulosic matters. The objective of this research was to isolate and clone cellulase gene from cellulose-degrading bacteria of bovine rumen. Cellulose-degrading bacteria were isolated from rumen fluid using a selective medium. Total RNA was isolated from selected colony having cellulose degrading activity and it was used as a template for cDNA construction using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. The resulted cDNA was used as a template for PCR amplification of cellulose gene using specific primers. The cellulose gene candidate obtained was cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy vector followed by determination of its nucleotide sequence. The nucleotide sequence generated was aligned with sequences of cellulase genes from GenBank. A number of isolates of rumen bacteria showed cellulase activity and the isolate CR-8 was selected for further analysis. Total RNA was successfully isolated from isolate CR-8 indicated by the presence of two intense bands of ribosomal RNA (23S and 16S). The reverse transcription process was successful and amplification of cellulase gene using the specific primer F1 and R1 resulted in a DNA fragment of 1900 bp as a candidate of cellulase gene. The fragment was successfuly cloned into the pGEM-T-Easy vector, and the resulted recombinant plasmid was successfully introduced into the E. coli cells. Nucleotide sequence analysis suggested that the isolated cellulase gene shares 99% homology with the endo-1,6-beta-glucanase of T. harzianum.
Keyword: cellulase, clone, GenBank, rumen bacteria

Judul: Integration of Islamic Stock Markets of OIC Countries Before and During the Russia-Ukraine War Crisis
Abstrak: Pasar saham yang terintegrasi memberikan dampak negatif seperti percepatan co-movement (pergerakan bersama) yang rentan terhadap guncangan ekonomi, maupun krisis pasar global ke pasar domestik. Salah satu krisis yang terjadi pada tahun 2022 adalah perang Rusia-Ukraina yang berdampak pada pasar saham, termasuk pada saham syariah yang dipercaya lebih tahan terhadap guncangan krisis global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perkembangan, integrasi dan respon lima pasar saham syariah negara OKI pada perang Rusia-Ukraina. Metode yang digunakan adalah VAR/VECM pada indeks DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, dan SPBMIU. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pergerakan yang sama pada pasar saham UAE dan Arab Saudi, sedangkan Turki mengalami tren positif selama perang. Pasar saham syariah negara OKI selama periode perang Rusia-Ukraina terkointegrasi, sementara pasar saham Malaysia memengaruhi pasar saham syariah empat negara OKI lainnya. Hasil IRF menunjukkan terdapat efek permanen pada volatilitas pasar saham syariah negara OKI akibat guncangan yang diberikan. Namun, respon volatilitas relatif kecil karena kontribusi guncangan lebih didominasi oleh pasar saham itu sendiri, An integrated stock market has negative impacts, such as accelerating co-movement, which is vulnerable to economic shocks and global market crises on the domestic market. One of the crises in 2022 was the Russia-Ukraine war which impacted the stock market, including Sharia stocks which were believed to be more resistant to the shocks of the global crisis. This study examines the development, integration, and response of OIC countries five Islamic stock markets in the Russia-Ukraine war. The method used is VAR/VECM on the DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, and SPBMIU indices. The results show the same movement in the UAE and Saudi Arabia stock markets, while Turkey experienced a positive trend during the war. The Islamic stock market of the OIC countries during the Russia-Ukraine war was cointegrated. In contrast, the Malaysian stock market influenced the Islamic stock markets of the other four OIC countries. The IRF results show a permanent effect on the volatility of the Islamic stock market in OKI countries due to the shocks given. However, the volatility response is relatively small because the stock market itself dominates the contribution of shocks.
Keyword: co-movement, OIC, Rusia-Ukraine war, sharia stock market integration