Judul: Dampak aktivitas pertambangan bahan galian golongan c terhadap kondisi kehidupan masyarakat desa (analisis sosio-ekonomi dan sosio-ekologi masyarakat Desa Cipinang, Kecamatan Rumpin, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Mining activities is a natural resource mining dredging activities of contained in the soil. This mining activities in its implementation will give positive and negative impact on sosio-economic and sosio-ecological aspect for the local community. The purpose of this study is 1) to explain the sosio-economic impacts of mining activities and 2) to explain the sosio-ecological impacts of mining activities. This research metode uses a quantitative approach supported by the use of qualitative approach. Primary data obtained from the interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data obtained from the documentation and study of literature. The data generated using of cross tabulation and frequency tables and descriptive analysis. The selection of respondents using of cluster sampling techniques to select two different village is Kampung Joglo and Kampung Gunung Cabe. The choice of location is based on mining the large number of industrial plants to see an impact on the agricultural sector. The result of this research showed that in general, in Kampung Joglo and Kampung Gunung Cabe, mining activities gives a negative impacts on socio-economic and sosio-ecological aspects. On sosio-economic aspect are seen in the declining level of the employment in agriculture due to the limited area of agricultural land owned by the local community. Meanwhile, the level of non-agricultural employment opportunities have increased in line with the opening of employment opportunities in the mining sector. The occurens conflicts between local communities with the company caused by the changes of environmental conditions. On sosio-ecological aspect is the occurens changes of the air, a disturbance on the condition of water resources, noise pollution is caused by blasting activities and mineral transport trucks. In addition, still many community members who suffers from respiratory tract such as shortness of breath, caugh, colds and diarrhea.
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Judul: Dampak Ekonomi Kegiatan Pertambangan Bahan Galian Golongan C Di Desa Cipinang Kecamatan Rumpin Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Desa Cipinang, Kecamatan Rumpin, Kabupaten Bogor merupakan salah satu lokasi pertambangan Galian C yang sudah beroperasi sejak tahun 1990-an. Adanya aktivitas pertambangan di Desa Cipinang memberikan dampak positif yaitu penyerapan tenaga kerja lokal dan timbulnya multiplier effect yang berimplikasi meningkatnya pendapatan masyarakat. Namun, kegiatan pertambangan tersebut juga berdampak negatif karena menghasilkan eksternalitas negatif yang ditimbulkan seperti menurunnya kualitas udara akibat debu. Hal ini menyebabkan turunnya kualitas kesehatan masyarakat sehingga menambah pengeluaran untuk biaya kesehatan dan biaya waktu karena sakit. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi persepsi masyarakat terhadap aktivitas pertambangan di Desa Cipinang, menganalisis dampak ekonomi dan dampak negatif yang terjadi akibat aktivitas pertambangan di Desa Cipinang. Metode yang digunakan yaitu skala likert, benefit transfer, dampak ekonomi lokal, multiplier effect, loss of earnings dan cost of illness. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan masyarakat di Desa Cipinang menilai setuju dengan adanya aktivitas pertambangan terutama pada aspek sosial dan ekonomi, namun pada aspek lingkungan masyarakat menilai tidak setuju. Dampak ekonomi yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat Desa Cipinang sebesar Rp 338.803.143.936/tahun dengan dampak yang terbesar yaitu dampak lanjutan sebesar 64%, selanjutnya dampak langsung sebesar 34% dan dampak tidak langsung sebesar 2%. Dengan begitu, multiplier effect yang didapat dalam penelitian ini yaitu sebesar 2,8 yang artinya aktivitas pertambangan memberikan dampak positif bagi perekonomian masyarakat. Kerugian ekonomi yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat Desa Cipinang sebesar Rp 628.243.090/tahun dengan nilai kerugian dirasakan dari biaya berobat sebesar 83% lalu kehilangan pendapatan 17%.
Keyword: cost of illness, dampak, galian golongan c, persepsi, pertambangan

Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum