Judul: Beberapa aspek fisiologi pengaruh diazepam atau xylazine terhadap dosis anestesia siap bedah pentobarbital sodium pada anjing betina dalam keadaan simulasi perdarahan terkendali
Abstrak: Aspek-aspek fisiologi dari pengaruh Diazepam atau Xylazine terhadap penggunaan Pentobarbital Sodium dosis siap bedah pada anjing betina dalam keadaan simulasi perdarahan terkendali diamati dalam percobaan ini. Lima belas ekor anjing lokal Indonesia dibagi dalam lima kelompok percobaan. Kelompok PS hanya diinduksi Pentobarbital Sodium dosis siap bedah, dan masing-masing kelompok DI, D2, XI dan X2 diinduksi Diazepam 0.4 mg/kg BB, Diazepam 0.6 mg/kg BB, Xylazine 1.0 mg/kg BB dan Xylazine 2.0 mg/kg BB sebelum diinduksi Pentobarbital Sodium dosis siap Bedah. Sebelum dan selama percobaan berlangsung dilakukan pemeriksaan peubah-peubah fisiologis, frekuensi respirasi, frekuensi jantung, EKG sadapan II, hematologi, kadar gas dalam darah dan suhu tubuh. Diazepam atau Xylazine dapat mengantisipasi penurunan frekuensi respirasi, frekuensi jantung dan suhu tubuh yang diakibatkan oleh Pentobarbital Sodium, meskipun Diazepam atau Xylazine masing-masing mempengaruhi peubah-peubah fisiologi tersebut. Meskipun demikian Diazepam 0.4 mg/kg BB dalam percobaan ini tidak memberikan hasil yang baik sebagai preanestetikum. Diazepam dan Xylazine sebagai pre anestetikum tidak mempengaruhi kemampuan jantung untuk berkontraksi, walaupun memperlambat kontraksi jantung. Diazepam atau Xylazine juga menurunkan dosis siap bedah Pentobarbital Sodium yang dipergunakan.
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Judul: Pengaruh Anestesia Umum (Natrium-Pentobarbital) Terhadap Elektrokardiogram dan Tekanan Darah Arterian Anjing
Abstrak: Dalam penanganan kasus-kasus penyakit bedah pada anjing, biasanya digunakan anestesia umum golongan barbiturat yang disuntikan secara intravena. Salah satu anestetikum yang termasuk dalam golongan barbiturat adalah natrium-pentobarbital. Natrium-pentobarbital sebagai anestetikum banyak dipakai di jurusan klinik veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pengaruh natrium-pentobarbital terhadap sistem kardiovaskuler telah diteliti, terutama terhadap perubahan hemodinamika (tekanan darah, curah jantung, tahanan perifer) dan elektro kardiogramnya. Temuan yang dilaporkan pada dasarnya saling menunjang tetapi masih ada kesimpang-siuran terutama tentang tekanan darah. Sedangkan pengaruh natrium- pentobarbital terhadap elektrokardiogram pada saat ini kurang pelaporan, dibandingkan dengan anestetikum lain golongan barbiturat (tiopental, tiamilal, metoheksital). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh natrium-pentobarbital sebagai anestetikum umum pada sistem kardiovaskuler anjing. Khususnya penelitian ini akan menyoroti beberapa parameter kardiovaskuler seperti elektrokardiogram, frekuensi jantung dan tekanan darah arterial rata-rata (mean arterial blood pressure). ...
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite