Judul: Biology Of Columbia Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus Columbus Sher) On Soybean Excised Root Culture
Abstrak: S. Supramana, S. A. Lewis,.J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2001. Biology of Columbia lance nematod. ~ (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher) on soybean excised root culture. Nematropica 31 :283-2~)O. Feeding, egg development and oviposition, embryology, and postembtyonic development or Hoplolaimus col'lmbuswere observed on soybean (cultivar Hutcheson) excised root culture in Gam borg's B5 medium (pH 5.7,1.3% agar). Petri plate sterile cultures were placed inverted on a heated microscope stage (30°C) and observations were conducted using a color video camera and a time lapse digital videoca:;sette recorder. Oocytes were obsetved in each gonad 38 hours after feeding commenced and all egg possessing a terminal stalk was laid 96 hours later. Eggs were deposited it, the one-celled stag~ and a total of 217 hours (9 days) was required for a"newly laid egg to develop into a hatching second-stage juvenile at 30°C. Postembryonic development consisted of threejuvenile stages and an adult female with prior feeding occurring before molts and oviposition. The nematode fed ectoparasiticallyon the subepidermal cells and endoparasitically in the cortex and outer vascular tissue and remained at the infection site for 2·9 days. Key words: Columbia lance nematode, embryology, excised root culture, feeding behavior, HOfilo{aimus columbus, life cycle, oviposition, postembryonic development, soybean.
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Judul: Study of entomopathogenic fungi Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) (Viegas) zare & gams to control pod sucking bug Riptortus linearis (F.) (Hemiptera: alydidae) Egg.
Abstrak: Lecanicillium lecanii (Zimm.) (Viegas) Zare & Gams is one of the most entopathogenic fungi that can be used to control pod sucking bug Riptortus linearis F. (Hemiptera: Alydidae) egg. The effectiveness of fungi were affected by intraspecies virulence, conidia density, host developmental stage, and environmental factors. The purposes of this research are: (1) to study the phisiological character of various L. lecanii isolates and their virulence to pod sucking bug R. linearis egg, (2) to obtain the maximal conidia density of L. lecanii to control different ages of R. linearis eggs, and (3) to study the effect of several vegetable oils as adjuvant to increase the effectiveness of fungi. Among 37 isolates tested, isolates Ll-JTM11, Ll-JTM12, Ll- JTM15, and Ll-TB2 were judged as the most virulent. The fungi that were virulent were isolated from insect cadaver killed by fungi in the field, while fungi isolated from the soil in general did not show high infectivity. The virulent isolates showed higher growth rate, formed wholly colony, produced more conidia than avirulent isolates, had large conidial size up to 6.5 x 2.5 ìm. More than 95% germ tubes of virulent isolates were formed after 12 hours incubation in the water. The conidia density of 108/ml was found as an effective preparation against newly laid and less than one day old insect eggs. During in vitro experiment, peanut, soybean, and coconut oil increased the growth and development of the fungi. The persistence of fungal conidia on the soybean leaf surface could be maintained until seven days after application. Mixing the vegetable oil at concentration 10 ml/l fungal suspension, increased infectivity of the fungi and decreased hatchability of the egg until 20%. Therefore, damage intensity as indicated by sum of spots, empty pods, and weight of grains were reduced. Adding vegetable oil to the fungal preparation, yielded 40% more grain weight as compared to control. Among three vegetable oils tested, the effect of peanut oil was more pronounced than soybean and coconut oil.
Keyword: Virulence, Soybean pod, Vegetable oils, Conidia

Judul: Strategi Peningkatan Pendapatan Asli Daerah pada Sektor Pajak Hotel di Kota Padang
Abstrak: Dengan berjalannya desentralisasi, pemerintah pusat telah memberikan kebebasan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk memperoleh pendapatannya secara mandiri. Salah satu tujuan otonomi daerah yakni agar pemerintah daerah diharapkan dapat mengelola Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) sendiri sebagai pembiayaan berjalannya pemerintahan dan pembangunan daerah. Pemerintah Pusat memberikan kewenangan kepada pemerintah daerah untuk mengupayakan penerimaan PAD sesuai kemampuan daerah, terutama dari sektor pajak daerah. Fungsi pajak daerah sangat erat dengan pembangunan daerah dan sebagai sumber pemasukan daerah yang potensial dan pendukung berjalannya kegiatan pemerintahan. Pajak daerah diharapkan terus meningkat selaras dengan meningkatnya kondisi perekonomian dan jumlah penduduk. Pajak hotel sebagai salah satu jenis pajak daerah di Kota Padang kontribusinya terhadap penerimaan pajak daerah keseluruhan mengalami penurunan. Selama periode tahun 2012 hingga tahun 2021, kontribusi pajak hotel turun dari 11,25% menjadi 7,34%. Bertolak belakang dengan jumlah hotel di Kota Padang pada periode tahun yang sama mengalami peningkatan sebesar 96%, dari 76 hotel di tahun 2012, menjadi 149 hotel di tahun 2021. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: 1) menganalisis potensi penerimaan pajak hotel di Kota Padang, 2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penerimaan pajak hotel di Kota Padang, dan 3) merumuskan strategi untuk meningkatkan PAD pada sektor pajak hotel di Kota Padang. Data primer diperoleh dari pengisian kuesioner oleh responden. Data sekunder diperoleh dari dokumen dan laporan yang diterbitkan oleh instansi pemerintah, seperti: Badan Pendapatan Daerah, Badan Perencanaan Pembangunan Daerah, Badan Pengelola Keuangan dan Aset Daerah, Dinas Pariwisata, Badan Pusat Statistik Kota Padang, dan Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Metode analisis yang digunakan untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian berupa analisis kuantitatif perhitungan potensi pajak hotel, analisis regresi linear berganda, dan analisis IFE, EFE, SWOT dan QSPM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat potensi pajak hotel yang dapat ditingkatkan oleh Pemerintah Kota Padang sebesar 63,28% hingga 129,44% dari realisasi penerimaan tahun 2021. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penerimaan pajak hotel di Kota Padang adalah tingkat penghunian kamar (occupancy rate) dan jumlah kamar hotel. Prioritas strategi utama yang dapat dijalankan adalah meningkatkan sosialisasi kepada wajib pajak hotel dan penyedia jasa hotel (wajib pajak daerah/non wajib pajak) mengenai pentingnya pelaksanaan kewajiban perpajakan., With decentralization, the central government has given freedom to regional governments to earn their own income. One of the goals of regional autonomy is that regional governments are expected to be able to manage their own LocallyGenerated Revenue (PAD) as financing for the running of government and regional development. The central government gives authority to regional governments to seek PAD revenue according to regional capacity, especially from the regional tax sector. The function of regional taxes is very close to regional development and as a potential source of regional income and supports the running of government activities. Regional taxes are expected to continue to increase in line with improving economic conditions and population. Hotel tax as a type of regional tax in the city of Padang, its contribution to the overall regional tax revenue has decreased. During the period from 2012 to 2021, the hotel tax contribution fell from 11,25% to 7,34%. Contrary to this, the number of hotels in Padang City in the same period increased by 96%, from 76 hotels in 2012 to
Keyword: pajak hotel, potensi, QSPM, regresi, strategi