Judul: Analisis Molekuler Fusarium Species Complex Dari Beberapa Daerah Di Indonesia Berdasarkan Sekuen Dna Daerah Its Rdna Dan Gen Ef- 1α.
Abstrak: Fusarium merupakan salah satu cendawan yang bersifat patogen atau endofit pada beragam inang atau hidup sebagai saprob. Fusarium dibangun oleh Link pada tahun 1809. Hingga akhir tahun 1980-an spesies Fusarium dikenali melalui ciri morfologinya. Ciri morfologi mencakup ciri koloni dan ciri mikroskopisnya pada media tumbuh tertentu. Secara mikroskopis, Fusarium dicirikan oleh adanya makrokonidia, mikrokonidia, klamidospora, konidiofor, dan sel konidiogen. Seiring dengan perkembangan teknologi, spesies Fusarium diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan pendekatan molekuler, salah satunya ialah teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) pada marka molekuler tertentu. Di Indonesia umumnya spesies Fusarium diidentifikasi dengan pendekatan morfologi. Identifikasi secara molekuler sudah dilakukan namun identitas ditetapkan sebatas pencarian BLAST yang tersedia pada GenBank. Identifikasi tidak dilengkapi dengan analisis filogenetik. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaman dan hubungan kekerabatan beberapa Fusarium species complex asal Indonesia koleksi Institut Pertanian Bogor Culture Collection (IPBCC) dengan menggunakan gen ITS rDNA dan EF-1α. Identifikasi secara molekuler dilakukan dengan analisis filogenetik berdasarkan data sekuen DNA dari daerah ITS rDNA dan gen EF-1α dengan menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood (ML). Sekuen DNA Fusarium hasil amplifikasi daerah ITS rDNA dan gen EF-1α selanjutnya didepositkan pada database GenBank. Berdasarkan analisis filogenetik sekuen DNA daerah ITS rDNA, 41 galur Fusarium pada penelitian ini diklasifikasikan ke dalam 5 species complex monofiletik, yaitu F. decemcellulare species complex (FDSC), F. graminearum species complex (FGSC), F. oxysporum species complex (FOSC), F. solani species complex (FSSC), dan F. tricinctum species complex (FTSC), serta ke dalam F. fujikuroi species complex (FFSC) yang polifiletik. Berdasarkan hubungan kekerabatannya dengan sekuen spesies rujukan, satu galur diidentifikasi sebagai F. cerealis, 5 galur F. decemcellulare, 16 galur F. oxysporum, 9 galur F. solani, dan 10 galur tidak dapat diidentifikasi ke tingkat spesies. Diantara 41 galur yang dipelajari, gen EF-1α hanya dapat diamplifikasi dari 11 galur. Hasil analisis filogenetik gen EF-1α mendukung hasil analisis filogenetik daerah ITS. Galur-galur yang sebelumnya diidentifikasi sebagai F. cerealis, F. decemcellulare, F. oxysporum, F. solani, memiliki identitas yang sama pada analisis filogenetik gen EF-1-nya Beberapa galur yang sebelumnya tidak teridentifikasi sampai dengan spesies, dapat diberi nama spesies yaitu F. ambrosium, F. concentricum, dan F. verticillioides. Analisis filogenetik juga menunjukkan tidak adanya spesifisitas inang dari spesies Fusarium yang dianalisis. Fusarium pada tingkat spesies dan Fusarium pada tingkat species complex dapat memiliki berbagai strategi hidup, yaitu saprob, endofit, dan patogen.
Keyword: diversitas, filogenetik, fusaria, identifikasi, pendekatan molekuler

Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Trichoderma spp. dan Aktivitas Antagonisnya terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense
Abstrak: Trichoderma is a cosmopolitan fungus that widespread in the soil and rotten wood. Various species of Trichoderma have been used, as a producer of enzymes and other metabolites or as a biocontrol agent. Therefore, identification of Trichoderma strains become important. Until now, many identity culture Trichoderma in Indonesia have doubtful validity. Trichoderma concept changed from time to time. Significant efforts in formulating the concept of Trichoderma was first performed by Rifai in 1969 based approach to morphological characters. Trichoderma species are divided into 9 aggregates, namely T. piluliferum, T. polysporum, T. hamatum, T. koningii, T. aureoviride, T. harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, T. pseudokoningii, and T. viride. This concept was later revised by Bissett in 1991 with the introduction of section 5 (section) is section Trichoderma, section Longibrachiatum, section Saturnisporum, section Pachybasium, and section Hypocreanum. Along with the development of methods of DNA extraction and phylogenetic analysis of the fungus, identification of Trichoderma species have been changed from morfohology in to combination of morphology and phylogenetic analysis. The first, phylogenetic analysis approach of Trichoderma by Kindermann in 1998 using DNA sequence analysis of the ITS region to 85 strains of Trichoderma. Then, when the approach of a single gene can not be relied upon to distinguish some species that are morphologically similar, multigene analysis was able to distinguish the species. At this time locus used in phylogenetic analysis and species identification in Trichoderma has been established that, ITS, tef α-1, RPB2, and Endokitinase. Trichoderma research in Indonesia have been carried out, but only a few research that include diversity and taxonomic studies. Trichoderma diversity and taxonomic studies from Indonesia is important because it can serve as a model for other fungal diversity studies. Therefore, this study aims to identify the 27 accession numbers Trichoderma collection of LIPIMC and IPBCC derived from litter and soil in Indonesia through a variety of phylogenetic approaches two genes (ITS and tef α-1). In addition, this research also aimed to characterize the antagonistic activity of Trichoderma spp. against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Foc), causes Fusarium wilt disease in bananas, because of the demands of the community to develop a biocontrol Foc agent. Identification of Trichoderma started early stages by performing morphological characterization. Colonies character observed in 5 days that were incubated at room conditions. After that, the microscopic preparations were made by using the method of Riddle and preparations were observed under a microscope Olympus BX53. Colony characters and microscopic characters are recorded as a material for morphological identification. Molecular phylogenetic analysis was started by growing Trichoderma isolates on media Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and incubated at 27˚C for 3-5 days. DNA extraction using PhythopureTM DNA Extraction Kit (GE Healthcare, UK), and then proceed with the ITS region amplification primer pair ITS4 (5'-TC CTCCGCTTATATATGC-3') and ITS5 (5'-GGAAGTAAAAGTCGTAACAA GG-3'), and α tef -1 (translation elongation factor-1 α) with primer tef1-fw (5'-GT GAGCGTGGTATCACCATCG-3 ') and tef1-rev (5'-GCCATCCTTGGAGACC AGC-3'). DNA sequencing is done by sending the product to FirstBASE (Malaysia). DNA sequences were analyzed by PCR using the MEGA program (Molecular Evolution and Genetic Analysis) version 5.05. On this analysis, kinship was
Keyword: biocontrol, Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense, phylogenetics, taxonomy, Trichoderma

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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