Judul: Pengolahan Bumbu Pasta Ayam Goreng dan Perubahan Mutunya Selama Penyimpanan.
Abstrak: In line with the change in people’s lifestyle in terms of serving food in a time-saving manner, the need for ready-made cooking flavors has also increased, especially in the form of pasta cooking spices. The demand for the pasta spice for chicken processing is increasing along with the increase in consumption of chicken. Chicken flavor used is processed with the stir-fry method. Heating mode and the appropriate types of packaging can minimize changes in pasta flavor quality during storage. Prediction of shelf life aimed to find out the shelf life of pasta spice fried chicken in certain condition. Determination of product shelf life was done with ASS (Accelerated Storage Studies) method using environmental condition parameter which enabled to accelerate degradation process of quality of food product. The right packaging and storage were expected to increase shelf life and maintained deterioration rate of pasta spice fried chicken. The purpose of this study was to find out a quality change in fried chicken pasta spice during storage and determine the shelf life of the pasta spice with the Arrhenius method. Fried chicken pasta spice used was a mixture of shallots, garlic, ginger, turmeric, galangal, pepper, coriander, sugar and salt that had been sorted, stripped, washed, weighed, ground, mixed, and stir-fried. In this study, the packaging used was a combination of nylon and LLDPE and LLDPE, and PET. Storage temperatures were 30° C, 35° C and 45° C. Time of storage in this study was two months. Analysis performed includeed the analysis of ash content, water content, protein content, fiber content, pH, free fatty acid content, fat content, grade VRS, the total microbial, and sensory evaluation analysis. Based on the research, it was found out that the best ingredients in the product selection of the most right thing to do with chemical analysis and storage based on panelists acceptance test were flavor with carrageenan ratio factor 1:05% and 0.15% CMC. Deterioration during storage could be seen from the rate of the increase or decrease in trend that occurred in each of the parameters such as water content, VRS, free fatty acid levels, and total microorganisms. The results showed that during the storage moisture content increased along with the increase in storage temperature. Increased water content was caused by the permeability of the packaging, the water absorption properties, and environmental humidity. Packaging that could maintain the water content was PET + LLDPE. VRS during storage levels decreased in line with rising temperatures. VRS level decreased due to the evaporation of volatile materials contained in the pasta spice fried chicken. Packaging that could maintain the levels of VRS was the PET + LLDPE. Free fatty acid content during storage increased with increasing temperatures. Increased free fatty acids caused the formation of peroxide compounds due to hydrolysis process acids and saturated fatty-acid oxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Packaging that could maintain the levels of free fatty acids was the Nylon + LLDPE.
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Judul: Formulasi dan Pendugaan Umur Simpan Tepung Bumbu Ayam Goreng Berbahan Baku Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF).
Abstrak: Seasoning powder is a mixture of flour and spices. Seasoning powder develops in line with the growth of fast food fried chicken restaurant. High seasoning powder production by industry makes the increasing domestic demand for wheat flour. With an expensive price of wheat flour it is expected that the existence of other commodities as a substitute for wheat flour. One of the local substitute products is cassava which can be used as raw material for making Modified Cassava Flour (MOCAF). MOCAF is a product derived from cassava flour using the principle of modifying the cells of cassava by fermentation. The purpose of this research is to find the best formula for fried chicken seasoning powder, determine its quality changes during storage, and shelf life prediction of fried chicken seasoning powder products based on critical parameters using the Arrhenius method. Fried chicken seasoning powder was made into four different formulas. Formula A (use MOCAF 25%), formula B (use MOCAF 50%), formula C (use MOCAF 75%), and the formula D (use MOCAF 100%). Based on the results of research on the analysis of chemical composition and functional properties of fried chicken seasoning powder, the formulation provides a significantly different effect on water, fat, and protein content of fried chicken seasoning powder. While in the organoleptic test, the formulation provides a significantly different effect on the aroma of fried chicken seasoning powder and color and texture of fried chicken. From the analysis of chemical composition and functional properties and organoleptic test showed that the formula D (use MOCAF 100%) was the best formula. During storage, water content of seasoning powder increased. Likewise for the oil holding capacity and the total number of microbes. While the value of water holding capacity decreased. From all of the tested parameters showed the decreasing quality of fried chicken seasoning powder during storage. In the prediction of shelf life, the water content parameter was used as a critical parameter with initial value of 5.27 % and the critical point of 22.13 %. From the calculation of product shelf life prediction using the Arrhenius method based on critical parameters of water content can be known that the shelf life of fried chicken seasoning powder for PP packaging with a temperature of 30°C was 8 months 27 days, temperature 35°C was 8 months 6 days, at 45°C was 6 months 29 days. While for OPP/VMCPP packaging with temperatures 30°C was 11 months 5 days, temperature 35°C was 10 months 9 days, at 45°C was 8 months 25 days.
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix