Judul: Association of the toll-like receptor 4 and Myxovirus genes with resistance to Salmonella and Newcastle disease in selected Sentul chickens
Abstrak: Toll-like receptor 4 and myxovirus genes have been demonstrated to confer resistance to Salmonella and Newcastle disease (ND), respectively. These genes have not yet been investigated in Sentul chickens. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the polymorphisms and association of the TLR4 and Mx genes as candidate genes underlying resistance to Salmonella and ND in selected Sentul chickens. One hundred and eighty-five Sentul chickens were genotyped using PCR-RFLP. The genotype and allele frequencies, polymorphic information contents and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE) statuses were analysed. The genotypes were associated with immunoglobulin Y (IgY), Salmonella-specific antibodies and Newcastle disease-specific antibodies. These parameters were determined using indirect ELISA, clearance tests and haemagglutination inhibition, respectively. The immune traits were further grouped into high, medium and low categories. The data were analysed using the GLM and t-test. Polymorphisms in TLR4|MscI and Mx|Hpy8I were observed. The population was in HWE for both genes. The frequencies of the TLR4 allele G and genotype GG were significantly high (P<0.05) in chickens with high immune traits. The genotype GG of TLR4 gene recorded significantly higher immune traits than genotypes AA and AG. For the Mx gene, the frequency of allele A was higher than of allele G at a high IgY titre. TLR4|MscI and Mx|Hpy8I are potential markers for selection against Salmonella and Newcastle disease in Sentul chickens. However, further investigations are recommended.
Keyword: Disease resistance, Mx gene, Newcastle disease, Polymorphism, Salmonella, Sentul chickens, TLR4 gene

Judul: Keragaman Gen Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) dan Myxovirus (Mx) pada Ayam Kampung serta Asosiasinya terhadap Sifat Pertumbuhan.
Abstrak: Kampung chicken has two production purposes as meat and egg producer. As layer chicken, the egg of kampung chicken was used as jamu. So, the food security of kampung chicken egg needs to be guaranted especially from Salmonella sp. The other problem which commonly happened in kampung chicken industry was the highest of mortality rate which caused by Newcastle Disease (ND) virus infection. Genetically, there were some gene that control self endurance against Salmonella sp and virus infection such as TLR4 and Mx genes. Research aimed to identify the polymorphisms of TLR4 and Mx genes in kampung chicken and the association with growth traits. Research consisted of two steps. The first step was analysis of TLR4 and MX genes polymorphisms and the second step was the association of TLR4 and Mx genes with growth traits. A total of 98 bird of kampung chickens were used in the first procedure and 45 birds were used in the second procedure. Identification of TLR4 and Mx genes polymorphisms was done using PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism) method. Data analysis were genotype frquency, allele frequency, heterozygosity, Hardy- Weinberg equilibrium, Polymorphics Informative Content value and association between genotype and growth used GLM (General Linear Model). The result showed GA mutation on TLR4 gene and AG mutation on Mx gene. TLR4 and Mx gene were polymorphics. There was no association between TLR4 gene and growth traits in kampung chicken. Kampung chicken which resist to Salmonella sp and ND virus had low 16 weeks body weight, total average gain daily, and average weekly gain.
Keyword: growth traits, kampung chicken, Mx gene, TLR4 gene

Judul: Bisnis Fotografi Snapcash : Platform Digital.
Abstrak: Fotografi merupakan bagian gaya hidup masyarakat saat ini. Namun hingga saat ini belum ada platform digital yang menawarkan jasa fotografi. Ide bisnis Snapcash diciptakan sebagai solusi berupa platform digital yang dapat digunakan oleh fotografer untuk mencari pekerjaan dan konsumen untuk mencari jasa fotografi. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui permasalahan konsumen, menciptakan solusi yang tepat, dan merumuskan model bisnis yang sesuai untuk Snapcash. Metode yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan customer discovery. Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara non probability purposive sampling. Hasil pengujian masalah menunjukkan kesulitan fotografer dalam mendapatkan pelanggan dan kesulitan konsumen dalam menemukan fotografer yang sesuai kriteria. Solusi yang ditawarkan adalah aplikasi dan fitur yang ada didalamnya. Berdasarkan uji solusi yang dilakukan, solusi yang ditawarkan diterima oleh responden sehingga menjadi solusi bagi responden penelitian. Model bisnis Snapcash terverifikasi berdasarkan tiga aspek yaitu kesesuaian produk dengan pasar, segmen pelanggan dan cara mencapainya, serta cara perusahaan menghasilkan uang.
Keyword: customer discovery, fotografi, model bisnis, platform digital