Judul: Isolasi dan Penapisan Bakteri Selulolitik Asal Rumen Sapi Sebagai Kandidat Probiotik
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyeleksi bakteri selulolitik potensial yang memiliki aktivitas enzim selulase dan berpotensi sebagai bakteri pendegradasi serat pada rumen yang diperoleh dari rumen sapi. Cairan rumen sapi yang diberikan pakan hijauan dan cairan rumen sapi yang diberikan pakan jerami. Isolasi dilakukan menggunakan media 985 dan media selulolitik dengan metode spread plate dan roll tube. Penapisan bakteri selulolitik dengan melihat zona bening yang dihitung menggunakan rumus indeks selulolitik untuk melihat isolat potensial. Pengujian bakteri terpilih selanjutnya dilakukan uji morfologi, uji gula-gula, uji katalase dan uji aktivitas enzim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 3 isolat selulolitik potensial yaitu Selulo.R1.4.1 dengan bentuk batang pendek, warna merah, gram negatif, dan memiliki aktivitas katalase. Isolat kedua 985.R2.3.6 memiliki karakteristik bentuk batang, warna ungu, gram positif dan memiliki aktivitas katalase. Isolat ketiga 985.R1.3.7 memiliki ciri-ciri bentuk batang pendek, berwarna ungu, gram positif dan memiliki aktivitas katalase. Semuanya tidak mampu mereduksi gula sederhana (glukosa, laktosa, maltosa, dan sukrosa). Berdasarkan analisis aktivitas enzim, Selulo.R1.4.1 tertinggi pada substrat kertas saring pada pH 5 dengan aktivitas 10,333 U mL-1. Berdasarkan uji morfologi yang menunjukkan bahwa isolat Selulo.R1.4.1 termasuk genus Fibrobacter dan isolat 985.R2.3.6 serta isolat 985.R2.3.7 termasuk genus Bacillus. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah, isolat Selulo.R1.4.1 merupakan kandidat isolat terbaik yang memiliki aktivitas tertinggi dan termasuk pada genus Fibrobacter.
Keyword: anaerobic isolation, cellulose activity, characteristic test, rumen fluid

Judul: Identifikasi dan Karakterisasi Bakteri Rumen yang Memiliki Aktivitas Enzim Selulase
Abstrak: Bakteri rumen memiliki banyak potensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai probiotik dan sumber enzim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh isolat bakteri yang memiliki enzim selulase dengan aktivitas selulolitik tinggi. Isolat bakteri diisolasi menggunakan metode hungate pada rumen sapi PO Bioteknologi LIPI Cibinong. Hasil identifikasi berdasarkan sekuen gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa isolat yang memiliki aktivitas selulolitik tertinggi dengan indeks selulolitik 3.39 adalah Lactobacillus sp. Perlakuan pada pengujian karakter aktivitas enzim ialah suhu 40, 50, 60 0C dan pH 5, 6, 7, 8. Hasil uji aktivitas enzim menunjukan bahwa suhu dan pH optimum aktivitas enzim kasar pada supernatan adalah 50 oC dan pH 8 dengan aktivitas masing-masing sebesar 0.0233 U/ml dan 0.0290 U/ml.
Keyword: Lactobacillus, suhu optimum, pH optimum, 16S rRNA, metode hungate

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite