Judul: Variability of Agronomic and Amylose of Population F3 Sorghum Derived from a Cross Pulut 3 x Soraya 3
Abstrak: Penggunaan sorgum sebagai alternatif pangan di Indonesia belum cukup berkembang karena tekstur sorgum yang pera kurang disukai masyarakat. Perbaikan terhadap kualitas biji sorgum perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh sorgum berbiji pulen dan diterima masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik pada populasi F3 sorgum hasil persilangan Pulut 3 x Soraya 3 serta seleksi cepat genotipe sorgum dengan kadar amilosa rendah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada Juli 2022 hingga Desember 2022 di Kebun BBPSI Biogen, Cimanggu, Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Kota Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata karakter kuantitatif yang beraneka ragam. Jumlah gen yang terlibat terbagi menjadi dua macam yaitu banyak dan sedikit gen. Aksi gen yang muncul yaitu epistasis. Hasil pewarnaan pada endosperma biji menunjukkan sebagian besar sorgum populasi F3 bertipe waxy., The use of sorghum as an alternative food in Indonesia has not been sufficiently developed because of the texture of sorghum is not liked by the public. Improvements to the quality of sorghum grains need to be carried out to obtain fluffier grained sorghum and be accepted by the public. This study aimed to obtain information on genetic variation in F3 sorghum populations from Pulut 3 x Soraya 3 and to select sorghum genotypes with low amylose content. This research was conducted from July 2022 to December 2022 at the BBPSI Biogen, Cimanggu, Bogor City. The results showed that the mean value of quantitative characters varied. The number of genes involved is divided into two kinds, namely many and few genes. Gene actions that appear are epistasis. The results of seed staining on grain’s endosperm showed that the majority of F3 sorghum was the waxy type
Keyword: epistasis, gene action, selection, staining

Judul: Variability of Agronomic Characters and Amylose Content of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) F2 Population Derived from a Cross Pulut 3 × Soraya 3
Abstrak: Pemuliaan sorgum dilakukan untuk memperoleh varietas unggul sorgum yang sesuai dengan petani dan konsumen. Faktor penting dalam keberhasilan merakit varietas unggul yaitu keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi keragaman karakter agronomi serta kandungan amilosa sorgum populasi F2. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juni 2022 di Cikarawang. Bahan genetik yang digunakan adalah sorgum populasi F2 Pulut 3 × Soraya 3, tetua, dan 9 genotipe pembanding. Pengamatan kandungan amilosa menggunakan pewarnaan iodin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, terdapat karakter-karakter agronomi yang memiliki nilai heritabilitas arti luas yang tinggi dengan nilai koefisien keragaman genetik (KKG) luas. Karakter agronomi dikendalikan oleh banyak gen dan sedikit gen dengan tipe aksi gen aditif, aditif dengan epistasis komplementer, dan aditif dengan epistasis aditif. Kandungan amilosa dikendalikan dua pasang gen dengan tipe aksi gen epistasis dominan ganda., Sorghum breeding is carried out to obtain superior varieties of sorghum that are suitable for farmers and consumers. An important factor in the success of assembling superior varieties is high genetic variability. This study aimed to obtain information on the variability of agronomic characters and amylose content in the F2 population. The research was conducted in February-June 2022 in Cikarawang. The genetic material used was sorghum population F2 Pulut 3 × Soraya 3, parents, and 9 comparison genotypes. Observation of amylose content using iodine staining. The results showed that there were agronomic characters that had a high broad heritability value with a high coefficient of genetic variability (KKG). Agronomic characters were controlled by many genes and few genes with additive gene action type, additive with complementary epistasis, and additive with additive epistasis. The amylose content was controlled by two pairs of genes with a double dominant epistasis gene action type.
Keyword: breeding, epistasis, gene action, heritability, iodine staining

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: