Judul: Frekuensi dan Intensitas Serangan Rayap Tanah pada Bangunan Gedung milik Pemerintah Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Abstrak: Jakarta is a province with the most developed infrastructure in Indonesia, including its building constructions. However, termites attack were often found on the buildings in this region. This study was conducted to investigate the frequency and intensity of termites attack on Jakarta Government’s buildings. The targeted buildings in this research were selected by four stage stratified random sampling technique. Termites speciemens were collected from attacked buildings, then identified according to (Ahmad 1958). The results of this research showed that the frequency of termites attack on Jakarta Government’s buildings reaches 16.67% with the degree of infestation could classified as light infestation. Compared to other building components, windows sills has the highest termites attack rate (14.58%), followed by door sills (8.34%), and roof truss (4.16%). In addition, Microtermes inspiratus Kemner (Isoptera: Termitidae) have been found as the most frequent termite species attacking the buildings in Jakarta Province with infestation frequency reaches 77.8%, followed by Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) with infestation frequency of 22.22%. The highest intensity of termites attack occurred in Cililitan Village, Subdistrict Kramat Jati, East Jakarta.
Keyword: buildings, Jakarta, termites

Judul: Species diversity of subterranean termites in west jakarta and east jakarta
Abstrak: Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya merupakan wilayah dengan pertumbuhan infrastruktur, termasuk bangunan gedung yang paling tinggi di Indonesia. Sejalan dengan itu frekuensi serangan rayap pada bangunan gedung di wilayah tersebut juga sangat tinggi. Namun demikian potensi bahaya serangan rayap pada bangunan gedung di wilayah tersebut belum pernah dikaji secara ilmiah, termasuk keragaman spesies rayapnya. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaman spesies rayap tanah dan karakteristik tanah sebagai habitat rayap di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur. Pengumpulan spesimen rayap di masing-masing kota dilakukan di tiga kecamatan contoh dan enam kelurahan contoh yang dipilih secara acak. Di setiap kelurahan contoh, lima kayu umpan yang terbuat dari kayu pinus (Pinus merkusii) berukuran 2 x 2 x 40 cm berkadar air ± 18% dibenamkan secara vertikal ke dalam tanah. Spesimen rayap tanah yang menyerang kayu umpan diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan kunci pengenalan spesies rayap dari Ahmad (1958). Dari masing-masing kelurahan contoh juga diambil contoh tanahnya untuk dianalisis tekstur, kadar air, pH, dan kandungan Corganiknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur sekurang-kurangnya terdapat empat spesies rayap tanah yaitu Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera : Termitidae), Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae), Microtermes inspiratus Kemner ( Isoptera : Termitidae), dan Capritermes mohri Kemner (Isoptera : Termitidae). M. Inspiratus merupakan spesies yang paling tinggi frekuensi keberadaannya yaitu di enam kelurahan contoh, disusul oleh M. gilvus yang ditemukan di empat kelurahan contoh, serta C. curvignathus dan C. mohri yang masing-masing ditemukan di satu kelurahan contoh. Keberadaan rayap tanah C. curvignathus di Jakarta Timur (khususnya di Kelurahan Cililitan) patut mendapat perhatian mengingat spesies rayap tersebut merupakan spesies terpenting sebagai perusak kayu dan bangunan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik tanah di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur memang sesuai sebagai habitat rayap tanah., DKI Jakarta and its surrounding areas is a region with a fastest growing infrastructure development, including in building construction. In addition the frequency of termite attack on buildings in the region are also very high. However, the termite hazard risk in the region have not been studied scientifically, including its termite species diversity. A study was conducted to determine the diversity of subterranean termites species in West Jakarta and East Jakarta as well as the soil characteristics. In each city, termite specimens was collected in three districts and six sub districts (villages) randomly. In each village, five baits made of pine wood (2 x 2 x 40 cm, MC ± 18%) were buried verticaly. Specimens of the subterranean termites which attack bait wood were collected, and then identified according to Ahmad (1958). Soil sample was also taken from each village for texture, moisture content, pH, and C-organic content analysis. The results showed that in West Jakarta and East Jakarta there were at least four subterranean termites species i.e. Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera: Termitidae), Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Microtermes inspiratus Kemner (Isoptera: Termitidae), and Capritermes mohri Kemner (Isoptera: Termitidae). Termite species which has highest frequency of distribution was M. inspiratus, followed by M. gilvus, C. curvignathus and C. mohri respectively. It was also revealed that in Cililitan Village there was a subterranean termite C.
Keyword: DKI Jakarta, karakteristik tanah, serangan rayap, spesies rayap

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography