Judul: Effect of Hot Water Treatment and Storage Period on  Physiological and Pathological Quality of Rice Seeds
Abstrak: Padi merupakan salah satu makanan pokok utama masyarakat Indonesia. Tingginya kecenderungan masyarakat terhadap beras sehingga masyarakat menganggap bahwa “belum makan kalau belum makan nasi” yang artinya masyarakat akan tetap mengonsumsi nasi walaupun sebelumnya telah mengonsumsi karbohidrat dalam bentuk lainnya. Budaya Indonesia tersebut yang menjadikan penyebab tingginya tingkat konsumsi beras. Hal ini harus diimbangi dengan hasil produksi padi Indonesia. Selama lima tahun terakhir, hasil produksi padi menunjukkan fluktuasi. Pada tahun 2020, produksi meningkat dibandingkan tahun 2019. Namun, pada tahun 2021, terjadi penurunan. Produksi meningkat kembali pada tahun 2022, tetapi kembali menurun pada tahun 2023. Penurunan produksi ini dapat diakibatkan oleh varietas, suhu, musim tanam, teknik budidaya dan faktor lainnya. Serangan nematoda Aphelenchoides besseyi dapat menjadi salah satu faktor dalam penurunan produksi dan menyebabkan hilangnya hasil panen pada padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan air panas dan masa simpan terhadap mutu fisiologis dan patologis benih padi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu perlakuan perendaman air panas dan periode lama simpan. Faktor pertama terdiri dari lima taraf, yaitu tanpa perlakuan perendaman (T0), suhu air 45 °C (T1), suhu air 50 °C (T2), suhu air 55 °C (T3), dan suhu air 60 °C (T4) perendaman dengan air selama 20 menit. Setelah perendaman benih dikering anginkan sampai kadar air 13-14%. Faktor kedua terdiri dari empat taraf, yaitu tanpa penyimpanan (P0), penyimpanan 1 bulan (P1), penyimpanan 2 bulan (P2), penyimpanan 3 bulan (P3). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kadar air benih, daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh, dan populasi nematoda. Uji perkecambahan dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan teknik Uji Kertas Digulung Didirikan dalam Plastik (UKDdp). Hasil perendaman menunjukkan perendaman dengan air panas memberikan pengaruh peningkatan daya berkecambah dan kecepatan tumbuh, serta menurunkan populasi nematoda pada benih padi 9G. Perlakuan periode simpan tidak berpengaruh terhadap populasi nematoda pada benih padi 9G dan beras hitam, namun pengaruh terhadap peningkatan kadar air, daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan tumbuh pada benih 9G. Pengaruh mutu fisiologis menjadikan benih masih dorman saat awal pengujian., Rice is one of the main staple foods of the Indonesian people. The high inclination of the people towards rice has led them to consider that "you haven't eaten if you haven't eaten rice", which means that people will continue to consume rice even though they have previously consumed other forms of carbohydrates. This Indonesian culture is the cause of the high level of rice consumption. This must be balanced with Indonesia's rice production. Over the past five years, rice production has shown fluctuations. In 2020, production increased compared to 2019. However, in 2021, there was a decline. Production increased again in 2022, but decreased again in 2023. This decline in production can be caused by varieties, temperature, growing season, cultivation techniques and other factors. Aphelenchoides besseyinematode attack can be one of the factors in reducing production and causing yield loss in rice. This study aims to determine the effect of hot water treatment and storage period on the physiological and pathological quality of rice seeds. This study used a factorial completely randomized group design (RKLT) with two factors, namely hot water immersion
Keyword: Viabilitas, vigor, Aphelenchoides besseyi, padi 9G

Judul: Sortation and Electrotherapy of Rice Seeds that Carry Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and Burkholderia glumae
Abstrak: Padi merupakan tanaman pangan utama dan sumber karbohidrat penting di Indonesia. Jumlah konsumsi beras di Indonesia semakin meningkat, sedangkan produksi padi menunjukkan grafik yang fluktuatif. Keberadaan patogen pada kulit benih, embrio, dan endosperm benih dapat menurunkan mutu benih padi. Deteksi bakteri terbawa benih padi dilakukan melalui uji Gram menggunakan KOH 3% dan pewarnaan bakteri serta uji hipersensitivitas menggunakan tanaman indikator tembakau. Bakteri Burkholderia glumae dan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae ditemukan pada padi varietas Inpari 42, Ciherang, dan Pandan Wangi di Desa Sukaresmi, Kecamatan Tamansari Kabupaten Bogor. Perlakuan sortasi benih padi tanpa gejala dari yang bergejala memberikan mutu benih lebih baik yaitu bobot 1000 butir, viabilitas dan pertumbuhan padi. Benih padi bergejala memiliki bobot 1000 butir, viabilitas dan pertumbuhan padi yang lebih rendah dari pada sampel padi tanpa gejala atau sampel campuran tanpa gejala dan bergejala. Perlakuan elektroterapi dengan parameter arus listrik 12 V DC dan 1 A selama 30 menit dalam larutan elektrolit NaCl 1 M berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya kecambah benih bergejala pada varietas Inpari 42, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap benih varietas Ciherang dan Pandan Wangi. Perlakuan elektroterapi pada benih bergejala berpengaruh terhadap panjang tajuk tanaman varietas Ciherang, tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap panjang tajuk tanaman Inpari 42 dan Pandan Wangi., Rice is the main food crop and an important source of carbohydrates in Indonesia. The amount of rice consumption in Indonesia is increasing, while rice production shows a fluctuating graph. Rice production is affected by the physiological, physical, and genetic quality of its seeds. The presence of pathogens in the part of including coat, embryo, and seed endosperm can reduce seed quality. The bacteria carried by rice seeds was detected through Gram test using KOH 3% and Gram staining and hypersensitivity reaction (HR) test using tobacco as indicator plants. Bacteria Burkholderia glumae and Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae were found in rice varieties Inpari 42, Ciherang, and Pandan Wangi in Sukaresmi Village, Tamansari District, Bogor Regency. The sortation treatment gave symptomless rice seed samples better seed quality, namely weight of 1000 grains, viability, and seedling growth than those symptomatic seed samples. Symptomatic rice seeds have a lower weight of 1000 grains, seed viability, and plant growth than symptomless seed samples or mixed samples of both symptomless and symptomatic seeds. Electrotherapy treatment including electric current at 12 V DC, 1 A for 30 minutes in 1 M NaCl electrolyte solution significantly affects the germination of symptomatic seeds of the Inpari 42 variety but does not significantly affect the seeds of the Ciherang and Pandan Wangi varieties. Electrotherapy treatment on symptomatic seeds affects the length of the plant crown of the Ciherang variety but does not affect the length of the plant crown of the Inpari 42 and Pandan Wangi varieties.
Keyword: Electric current, Seed-borne bacteria, Seed treatment, Seed viability

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
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