Judul: The changes of sulfidic material characteristics as the result of drying and leaching and their influence to the leachate quality
Abstrak: Based on the topcgraphy, position, total area and the availability of water, the acid sul phate soils are potentially to be developed for agriculture development. However agriculture development on that soil is mostly un-success due to problem of acid sulphate as results of sulphidic materials oxidation in the solum. Naturally, the potentially acid sulphate soils are situated in the p r drainage condition, whereas the sulphidic materials are situated in the anaerobic zone and the pH value is nearly neutral. If the drainage improvement carried out carelessly, it causes the environment of the sulphidic material changes from anaerobic to aerobic condition. For that reason the sulphidic materials is oxidized and prduces acid that causes highly acidity of the environment and follows by dissolution of some toxic elements and decreasing the availability of some nutrition. There are some efforts to solve that problems, among others are combination of re-flooding and leaching. The objective of the re-flooding is to stop the oxidation of sulphidic materials, whereas of the leaching is to flushed out the toxic elements as the results of oxidation process. However the leaching process also leaches the soil nutrients, that causes decreasing the soil fertility. In addition the leachate has strong acidity and contains some toxic elements. If the lachate is disposed into the environments will cause some problems. For that reasons k i c information on the detail characteristics changes of the sulphidic materials due to drying, flooding and leaching and the charactenstic of the leachate are necessary in order to develop techniques of reclamation, rehabilitation, management of acid sulphate soils, and enviroflmental impacts management. Dealing with the above background, the aims of this study are to know the changes of the sulphidic material characteristics due to drying and leaching, to recognize the characteristics of the lechate and to identify the quantitative relationships of the characteristics of the sulphidic materials and the qua1 I ty of leachate with the duration of drying and leaching., Ditinjau dari luas, letak, topografi, dan ketersediaan air, tanah sulfat masam sangat potensial untuk pengembangan pertanian. Namun pengembangan pertanian pada tanah tersebut sering mengalami kegagalan karena adanya permasalahan sulfat masam yang bersumber dari bahan sulfidik di dalam solum tanah tersebut yang teroksidasi.
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Judul: Perubahan Beberapa Sifat Kimia Tanah Sulfat Masam Delta Telang, Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan Akibat Pengeringan Dan Pencucian
Abstrak: Acid sulphate soil having oxidized pyrite layer is hard to be used for agriculture. This soil has several ions namely H-, Fe2+, SO42- ,that may be toxic for plant if they are in a large amount or high concentration, which happen when pyrite oxidized. A high acidity caused by pyrite oxidized will increase Al3+ and Mn2+ solubility. The high concentration of toxic ions is the main problem at actual acid sulphate soil. This problem can be solved by leaching methode.
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Judul: Anatomi otot-otot ekspresi wajah monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis)
Abstrak: Hewan primata banyak digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis karena memiliki kemiripan anatomi dengan manusia. Evolusi dari otot wajah mamalia yang berhubungan dengan ekspresi wajah dan komunikasi visual terutama pada hewan pimata dalam hal ini otot-otot daerah kelopak mata serta mulut memegang peranan penting (Bennet et al., 1995). Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) adalah slah satu jenis hewan primata di antara 5 hewan primata yang paling banyak digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis (Anonimus, 2000; Anonimus, 2002). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari morfologi otot-otot ekspresi wajah beserta origo dan insersionya untuk melengkapi data dasar anatomi otot pada M. fascicularis. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga ekor preparat monyet ekor panjang yang telah diawetkan dalam larutan formalin 10% dan sebuah tengkorak kepala beserta tulang rahang bawah monyet ekor panjang. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi morfologi otot beserta origo dan insersionya, dan hubungannya dengan variasi ekspresi wajah yang mampu dilakukan monyet ekor panjang, kemudian membandingkannya dengan literatur anatomi manusia, beberapa hewan primata lain, hewan herbivora dan karnivora. Dari hasil pengamatan, pada susunan otot ekspresi wajah monyet ekor panjang ditemukan lima kelompok otot: 1). Kelompok otot kulit kepala yaitu: m. occipitofrontalis (gabungan m. frontalis dan m. occipitalis). 2). Kelompok otot hidung yaitu: m. nasolabialis. 3). Kelompok otot mulut yaitu: m. nasolabialis, m. zygomaticus major, m. zygomaticus minor, m. levator anguli oris, m. depressor anguli oris, m depressor labii inferioris, m. mentalis, m. buccinatorius, m. orbicularis oris dan m. platysma. 4). Kelompok otot telinga yaitu: m auricularis posterior, m. auricularis superior dan m. auricularis anterior. 5). Kelompok otot kelopak mata yaitu: m. orbicularis oculi, m. corrugator supercilii dan mlevator palpebrae superioris. Setiap kelompok otot memiliki berbagai karakteristik baik morfologi maupun origo dan insersio yang berbeda dengan primata. lain, kuda, sapi dan anjing. Hal tersebut menghasilkan variasi fungsi otot yang berbeda sesuai dengan perilaku dan pola hidup.
Keyword: Macaca fascicularis, long-tailed macaque, monkey