Judul: Women conservation movement in Nyungcung : a result of an interaction between poverty, patriarchy and NGO's influence
Abstrak: Over the decades, people’s ability to fulfill the basic needs has been eroding with the decline in land and other natural resources, due both to degradation and to shifts in tenurial rights away from community hands to state and business parties hands. The formation of community-based natural resources management (CBNRM) groups in recent years represents various resistances to processes of privatization. While there are many ‘success’ stories related to such groups, numerous CBNRM groups’ initiatives have failed for a variety of reasons. In particular, a number of ground experiences shows that those initiatives often lead to the exacerbation of inequalities within the group involved. This condition applies with special force to the issue of gender equity. To contribute to the understanding of the causes of success or failure for the CBNRM groups’ initiatives and movement from feminist perspective, this research focused on the local women peasants’ initiative in re-nurturing bare lands in Nyungcung Hamlet, Malasari Village, Bogor District. This raises some critical questions, such as: who are the women peasant and how they carried out their initiative? What are the factors determine their initiative? What are the results of their initiative? This research demonstrates that the growing initiative on the part of women -who are mainly from social groups of landless and tenant - as they respond to ecological distress and livelihood security, caused by PERUM PERHUTANI Unit III, and to Decree of Forestry Minister No. 175/Kpts-II/2003 that expands the area of Gunung Halimun National Park (from 40,000 ha to 113,357 ha, covering the Halimun and Salak mountain ranges). Together with men peasants, they worked collectively to re-nurture the PERUM PERHUTANI’s bare lands through a series of planting and mapping activities, currently known in local term as Leuweung Hejo Masyarakat Ngejo or, in public advocacy terms, as the Kampung dengan Tujuan Konservasi (KDTK) movement. However, in order to gain public support, assert elements of basic rights, and secure Nyungcung People’s genuine benefits from the presence of the Gunung Halimun – Salak National Park and PT. Aneka Tambang, those women peasants have not actively participated as much as before. In these further activities, men peasants take a lead. This current performance of local conservation movement is becoming a masculine pattern. I argue that the interaction between poverty, some forms of patriarchy like gender segregation of public space, female behavioral norms and gender division of labor, and the absence of women empowerment activity (through ‘sekolah perempuan’) facilited by local NGO, RMI, as well as the existence of ‘unworkable’ contextual factors in ecological and political aspects take them out from their further participation in the Leuweung Hejo Masyarakat Ngejo movement. Those women peasants are becoming increasingly distanced from their gendered knowledge; gendered rights to land and forest resources, both in quality and quantity; as well as gendered environmental politics and grassroots conservation that had been articulated in their distinctive agenda and demonstrated by the leadership from some of them during their participation in the Leuweung Hejo Masyarakat Ngejo movement.
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Judul: Faktor yang mempengaruhi peran Gender dalam kegiatan Model Kampung Konservasi di Kampung Sukagalih
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan memahami dan menganalisis (1) Proses pelibatan masyarakat dalam kegiatan pemberdayaan di kampung konservasi; dan (2) Faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi keterlibatan laki-laki dan perempuan dalam beragam kegiatan pemberdayaan di kampung konservasi. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif. Populasi sampling dari penelitian ini adalah seluruh warga Kampung Sukagalih, dengan populasi sasarannya laki-laki dan perempuan anggota rumah tangga. Jumlah responden penelitian 52 orang yang terdiri atas 26 perempuan dan 26 laki-laki. Informan kunci dipilih secara purposive sampling, yaitu pengelola TNGHS dan tokoh masyarakat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kegiatan reproduktif di semua lapisan masyarakat, peran perempuan lebih besar dibandingkan laki-laki. Pada kegiatan pengamanan/ronda, pelaporan, dan monitoring peran perempuan di semua lapisan lebih rendah daripada peran laki-lakinya. Peran laki-laki dari lapisan atas lebih tinggi dibandingkan laki-laki di lapisan bawah. Kontrol dalam kegiatan hanya dimiliki oleh laki-laki. Kegiatan restorasi/rehabilitasi peran laki laki lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perempuan di semua lapisan. Laki-laki dari lapisan atas memiliki peranan yang lebih besar dibandingkan laki-laki dari lapisan bawah. Kontrol kegiatan restorasi/rehabilitasi lebih banyak dimiliki oleh laki-laki dari lapisan atas. Kegiatan agroforestri memiliki pembagian kerja antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Laki-laki melakukan pekerjaan yang berat, yaitu membuka lahan, memasang ajir, pemupukan, pengobatan, pengangkutan hasil panen dan penjualan. Perempuan melakukan pekerjaan yang lebih ringan, yaitu penanaman, menyiangi hama/ngrambet, dan memanen. Kontrol laki-laki pada kegiatan ini lebih besar dibandingkan dengan perempuan. Kegiatan ekowisata dan adopsi pohon memiliki pembagian kerja antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Laki-laki melakukan pekerjaan yang mengharuskan masyarakat bertemu langsung dengan wisatawan, misalnya penjamu tamu, pendamping wisatawan dan penanaman pohon. Perempuan lebih banyak melakukan tugas dibalik layar, yaitu menyediakan makanan untuk para tamu, pembibitan, dan penanaman pohon. Perempuan di lapisan bawah memiliki akses yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan akses perempuan dari lapisan atas. Kontrol kegiatan hanya dimiliki oleh laki-laki. Pada kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan, laki-laki lebih mendominasi kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan perawatan fasilitas dan lingkungan desa, kegiatan rapat dan pengamanan lingkungan desa. Semakin tinggi status sosial masyarakat, semakin tinggi pula peranan laki-laki dalam kegiatan sosial kemasyarakatan. Faktor yang menyebabkan perbedaan akses dan kontrol laki-laki dan perempuan dalam kegiatan di kampung konservasi adalah peraturan pengelolaan, pendidikan dan pelatihan, budaya, kondisi ekonomi serta jarak tempat tinggal dengan pusat kegiatan kampung konservasi.
Keyword: Gender, Conservation vilage, Halimun-salak national park

Judul: Electrophoretic Coating of Apatite Compouds on Stainless Steel 316L.
Abstrak: Stainless steel (SS) 316L is a metal which is used to bone plate. However, this metal still has low biocompatibility in a human body. The metal is coated by HAp in order to increase its biocompatibility. HAp on SS 316L is coated by electrophoretic deposition (EPD) method. We used two variables in EPD process, such as voltage and coating time to obtain the best coating. The XRD difractogram showed that SS 316L has been coated by HAp. Physical observation used by microscope optics showed that the best coating is achieved on 120V during 2 minutes.
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