Judul: Modifikasi selulosa dengan teknik pencangkokan dan penautan silang menggunakan akrilamida
Abstrak: Modification of cellulose was carried out by grafting and crosslinking copolymerization using acrylamide as monomer, N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker, and ammonium peroxydisulfate as initiator. The chemical structure of monomer will affect the properties of modified cellulose such as hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters, elasticity, ion exchange capability, absorptivity, and heat resistance. Infrared spectra showed that cellulose has been modified. It could be seen from C=O streching absorption at 1650 cm-1 and –NH2 streching at 3182.55 cm-1. Both absorption peaks indicated that grafting and crosslinking had been carried out. Modified product had been 31–50% grafted. The final product also weighed 69 times higher than its initial weight with percentage of absorbed water to initial sample weight of 6755% after for 24 hours and became 93 times and 9187%, respectively, after 48 hours.
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Judul: Sintesis Selulosa-g-Poliakrilamida Melalui Teknik Kopolimerisasi Cangkok dan Taut-Silang
Abstrak: Cellulose-g-polyacrylamide copolymer has been synthesized by graft and crosslink copolymerization using acrylamide as monomer and N,N’-methylenebis- acrylamide as crosslinker. The synthesis was carried out at 70 °C through radical polymerization by using ammonium persulphate as initiator under N2 atmosphere. The functional groups and morfology of the product were characterized by using infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The infrared spectra and the micrographs confirmed that graft and crosslink copolymerization has been successfully carried out onto cellulose isolates. Increasing crosslinker concentration increased the grafting ratio and efficiency, while the water absorption capacity was decreased. The grafting ratio and efficiency were 27.27–39.02% and 80.78–90.06%, respectively, while water absorption capacity was ranged between 1.6343 and 3.0747. Modification products have better resistance against solvents (ethyl acetate, heptane, hexane, and toluene) and low water absorption capacity so are potencial to be applied as stationary phase.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan