Judul: Amount of Erythrocytes, Hematocrit, and  Hemoglobin in Subchronic Toxicity Test of Endophytic Fungi in Soursop Leaves  Extract (Annona muricata L.)
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian in vitro dan in vivo terhadap ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan menunjukkan adanya kemampuan sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7 dan penurunan volume kanker pada tikus yang diinduksi DMBA, sehingga ekstrak ini dapat digunakan sebagai obat antikanker payudara. Uji toksisitas akut dan subakut juga telah dilakukan dan menunjukkan tidak adanya efek toksik sehingga perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas oral subkronis sebelum dilanjutkan ke uji klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan nilai eritrosit, hematokrit, dan hemoglobin antar kelompok tikus Sprague-dawley setelah pemberian ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) selama 90 hari. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kgBB, serta kelompok satelit normal dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB. Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa jumlah eritrosit, kadar hematokrit dan konsentrasi hemoglobin tidak berbeda nyata antara kelompok perlakuan dan satelit dengan kelompok normal. Nilai semua parameter masih berada pada rentang normal., In vitro and in vivo research on soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract showed a cytotoxicity ability against MCF-7 cells and reduced the cancer volume in DMBA induced rats, so it can be used as breast cancer drug. Acute and subacute toxicity test did not show any toxic effect therefore a subchronic oral toxicity test is needed prior to clinical test. This study aims to compare the value of erythrocytes, hematocrits, and hemoglobins on Sprague-dawley rats after given ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi in soursop leaves (Annona muricata L) for 90 days. The rats were divided into 6 groups: normal rats; group of rats given extract doses of 20, 80 and 240 mg/kgBW; the satellite group which were given normal treatment and the satellite group which were given the extract dose of 240 mg/kgBW. ANOVA analysis showed that the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit level and hemoglobin concentration were not significantly different between the treatment and satellite groups with the normal group. The values of all parameters are still in the normal range
Keyword: eritrosit, hematokrit, hemoglobin, kapang endofit, toksisitas, endophytic fungi, erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, toxicity

Judul: Sprague-dawley Rats Blood Chemical Profile in Subchronic Toxicity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from Soursop Leaf (Annona muricata L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya membuktikan bahwa ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) memiliki efek antikanker. Uji toksisitas akut sudah dilaksanakan dan hasilnya tidak menunjukkan dampak negatif pada parameter yang diamati. Agar bisa masuk ke fase uji klinis, perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas subkronis selama 90 hari untuk melihat keamanan pemberian ekstrak dalam waktu lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi glukosa, kolesterol, dan trigliserida darah tikus Sprague-dawley selama 90 hari pada pemberian ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit daun sirsak, pada uji toksisitas subkronis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, serta konsentrasi glukosa, kolesterol, dan trigliserida darah antara kelompok normal dan kelompok yang diberi ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kgBB. Data kelompok satelit menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB dan satelit normal. Sediaan uji aman dikonsumsi selama 90 hari tanpa adanya efek toksik yang tertunda., From previous study, soursop (Annona muricata L.) leaf endophytic fungi extract has been shown to have anticancer effects. Acute toxicity tests were carried out and the results showed no negative impact on the observed parameters. To submit the clinical trial phase, it is necessary to carry out a subchronic toxicity test for 90 days to see the safety of long-term consumption of the extract. This study aims to determine the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the blood of Sprague-dawley rats for 90 days after consumed the extract of soursop leaves endophytic fungi, in subchronic toxicity test. The results showed that there was no significant differences in feed consumption, body weight, and the concentration of glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides in the blood between the normal group and the group given the soursop leaves endophytic fungi extract dose 20, 80, and 240 mg/kgBW. Satellite group data showed no significant differences between the satellite group at the dose of 240 mg/kgBW and the control satellite. The test preparation is safe for 90 days consumption without any delayed toxic effects.
Keyword: glukosa darah, kapang endofit, kolesterol, trigliserida, toksisitas, blood glucose, cholesterol, endophytic fungi, toxicity, triglyceride

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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