Judul: Establishing Hazard Map for Tidal Flood in Coastal Region Case Study: Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan MRI-CGCM (Meteorology Research Institute - Coupled Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model) untuk memprediksi kenaikan air laut dari tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2100. DEM SRTM dengan resolusi spasial 30 m dan hasil prediksi kenaikan air laut digunakan untuk menentukan kelas genangan. Pada tahun 2010, diprediksi kenaikan permukaan laut sekitar 2,1 m dan akan menggenangi areal seluas 1.048 hektar, dengan perkiraan total kerugian sebesar 370 miliar rupiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permukaan laut pada 2100 diperkirakan akan meningkat sekitar 2 m lebih tinggi dari 2010. Hasil verifikasi di lapang menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh tingkat prediksi yang cukup baik untuk tahun 2010, dimana prediksi kenaikan permukaan air laut berdasarkan model adalah sekitar 2,13m, sementara kenaikan sesungguhnya adalah 2 m. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa model MRI-CGCM cukup baik untuk memprediksi kenaikan permukaan air laut, dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 93,3%.
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Judul: Spatial decision support system to coastal vulnerability analysis due to sea level rise and land subsidence at Semarang City
Abstrak: The relatively flat topography of Semarang has caused this city is vulnerable to sea level rise phenomenon. Various environmental problems faced by the city associated with coastal and ocean dynamics are tidal inundation, land subsidence, and flooding in rainy seasons. This study was conducted to (1) develop a spatial dynamic model of inundated areas due to sea level rise (2) map the coastal vulnerability due to sea level rise and land subsidence (3) prepare adaptive strategy to solve those environmental problems. Flash technology was used to model spatial dynamic distribution of inundated areas due to sea level rise. IPCC scenario at pessimistic and optimistic scenarios were combined with rate of land subsidence rates to predict an inundated scenario at the year of 2030. Adaptation strategy was developed by considering coastal vulnerability and adaptive capacity of the areas. Study results showed that the inundated areas at the year of 2010 were 1,231 hectares. Pessimistic sea level rise and land subsidence scenario showed that the size of inundated coastal areas of Semarang was 1,718.2 hectares, while pessimistic scenario showed an increasing inundated areas to 5,171.3 hectares. Fish-pond was the most extensive land use in coastal areas, as well as the most vulnerable areas to inundation. The inundated fish-pond areas in 2010 were predicted 272.8 hectares which would increase to 913.6 hectares in 2030. Potential losses derived from inundated areas would increase from IDR 3.7 T in 2010 to IDR 28.7 T in 2030. Adaptive capacity of villages in Semarang in 2010 was relatively high with low vulnerability level to inundations, whereas vulnerability level in 2030 tended to increase along with the extensification of inundated areas.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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