Judul: Sifat Fisik, Kimia, dan Organoleptik Gelato dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Kelor
Abstrak: Gelato adalah salah satu jenis es krim yang berasal Italia yang marak ditemui dan digemari masyarakat Indonesia namun memiliki zat gizi yang kurang lengkap. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan uji organoleptik gelato dengan penambahan ekstrak daun kelor. Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) digunakan pada uji sifat fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik gelato dengan perlakuan persentase penambahan 0%, 3%, dan 6% dengan 3 kali pengulangan. Data dianalisa dengan ANOVA dan Friedman Test untuk data organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun kelor berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat fisik yakni overrun, daya leleh, dan pH dan sifat kimia gelato. Hasil uji hedonik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ekstrak daun kelor berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap parameter warna sedangkan pada uji mutu hedonik berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap parameter warna, rasa, dan aroma. Penggunaan ekstrak daun kelor 6% pada gelato merupakan formulasi terbaik pada penelitian ini berdasarkan pengujian fisik, kimia, dan organoleptik., Gelato is a type of ice cream that originates from Italy and is widely found and loved by the people of Indonesia but it has a less complete nutritional profile. This research aims to analyze the physical, chemical, and organoleptic characteristics of gelato with the addition of moringa leaf extract. A randomized complete block design (RAK) was used for the physical, chemical, and organoleptic properties of gelato with treatments of 0%, 3%, and 6% addition percentages with three times replicated. The data is analyzed using ANOVA and Friedman Test for organoleptic data. The results showed that the addition of moringa leaf extract significantly affected the physical properties such as overrun, meltdown resistance, and pH, and the chemical properties of gelato. Hedonic test results indicated significant effects (P<0.05) of moringa leaf extract addition on color parameters, while significant effects (P<0.05) were observed in hedonic quality tests for color, taste, and aroma parameters. The use of 6% moringa leaf extract in gelato was found to be the best formulation based on physical, chemical, and organoleptic tests in this study.
Keyword: daun kelor, sifat kimia, uji organoleptik, gelato, sifat fisik

Judul: Karakteristik Fisik Dan Sensori Gelato Dengan Penambahan Pemanis Yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Gelato adalah es krim yang berasal dari Itali. Terdapat beberapa perbedaan antara gelato dan es krim. Gelato memiliki kerapatan yang lebih tinggi, kekokohan yang lebih rendah dan waktu leleh yang lebih lama dibanding es krim. Gelato juga memiliki kadar gula yang lebih tinggi namun kadar lemak, total solid dan overrun yang dimiliki lebih rendah dibanding es krim. Gula adalah salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas es krim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari karakteristik fisik (overrun, lama waktu pelelehan, pH, viskositas, kandungan gula) dan sensori (rasa, warna, tekstur) gelato yang menggunakan madu sebagai pemanis pada konsentrasi berbeda. Terdapat 5 perlakuan, terdiri atas P1 15% sukrosa 5% corn syrup (kontrol), P2 10% sukrosa 10% corn syrup, P3 15% sukrosa 5% madu, P4 10% sukrosa 10% madu, dan P5 20% sukrosa. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Data dianalisa dengan ANOVA, Friedman Test untuk data sensori dan Uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata (P>0.05) pada nilai sensori hedonik dan mutu hedonik. Terdapat perbedaan nyata (P<0.05) pada lama waktu pelelehan, overrun dan mutu hedonik atribut rasa. Pemanfaatan madu sebagai kombinasi pemanis tidak mengubah kualitas fisik dan sensori gelato.
Keyword: es krim, gelato, madu, sukrosa

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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