Judul: Pembuatan bioetanol dari bagas batang sorgum manis melalui proses delignifikasi oleh NaOH
Abstrak: Sweet sorghum bagasse rod including lignocellulosic materials containing lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose that can be used in the manufacture of ethanol. This study aims to stem the production of ethanol from sweet sorghum bagasse. Stages of research consists of preparation of sweet sorghum bagasse rod, pretreatment using NaOCl, delignification with NaOH, saccharification with xylanase and cellulase enzymes and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The parameters in the analysis include the levels of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose before and after delignification, reduction sugar and ethanol. The results showed that sweet sorghum bagasse rod can be used as raw material in the manufacture of bioethanol, because it is based on data obtained cellulose content before delignification at 23.45% while after delignification, cellulose optimum levels obtained with 8% NaOH concentration is 18.38%. Highest glucose levels obtained from the saccharification at a concentration of 1% cellulase and xylanase 1% at 177%. Highest levels of ethanol during fermentation by S. cerevisiae with a concentration of 2% inoculum were incubated for 6 days is 19.34 %
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharification, fermentation, ethanol, delignification, cellulose, Bioethanol

Judul: Produksi Bioetanol dari Limbah Biomassa Lignoselulosa Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) melalui Fermentasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Abstrak: Batang sorgum manis termasuk bahan lignoselulosa yang mengandung lignin, selulosa dan hemiselulosa sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan dalam pembuatan etanol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk produksi etanol dari limbah lignoselulosa batang sorgum manis. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas persiapan limbah batang sorgum manis, pengeringan dan pencacahan, hidrolisis dengan asam-basa kuat encer (H2SO4 0.5 % dan NaOH 1%) serta fermentasi oleh S. cerevisiae. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi kadar glukosa dan xilosa hasil hidrolisis lignoselulosa, kadar etanol dan kadar produk samping berupa asam asetat, asam laktat, dan gliserol. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh kadar glukosa dari hasil hidrolisis asam lebih besar daripada hidrolisis basa yaitu 5,39 g/L dan xilosa sebesar 12,05 g/L. Kadar etanol paling tinggi selama fermentasi oleh Saccharomyces cerevisiae TKPK 10.5.1 yang diinkubasi selama 2 hari adalah 2,76 g/L. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa limbah lignoselulosa batang sorgum manis dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan bioetanol.
Keyword: Bioetanol, fermentasi, hidrolisis, lignoselulosa, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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