Judul: Synthesis of Zeolite from Aluminum Waste and Its Potential Application as a Decomposer
Abstrak: Polusi air merupakan salah satu masalah yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia, salah satu penyebabnya adalah biru metilena. Jumlah biru metilena yang berlebihan memiliki dampak negatif pada organisme dan ekosistem. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi biru metilena dalam air adalah menggunakan metode adsorpsi. Metode ini biasanya menggunakan adsorben yang seringkali tidak dapat diperbarui. Penelitian ini menggunakan zeolit sebagai adsorben. Zeolit disintesis menggunakan bahan baku limbah aluminium, yaitu kaleng minuman. Pada proses pembuatannya, natrium aluminat dari kaleng minuman tidak melalui proses kalsinasi untuk meningkatkan kandungan logam pada hasil sintesis terutama besi. Karakterisasi zeolit hasil sintesis dilakukan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction. Terdapat beberapa jenis zeolit yang terbentuk dari enam sampel yang digunakan, seperti zeolit A, zeolit X, dan zeolit NaP1. Jenis isoterm zeolit hasil sintesis ditentukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri, dan diketahui bahwa model isoterm adsorpsi yang cocok adalah model isoterm Langmuir. Zeolit hasil sintesis ditemukan memiliki kemampuan dekomposisi biru metilena, sehingga dapat digunakan kembali sebagai adsorben., Water pollution is a significant issue frequently encountered in Indonesia, with one of its causes being methylene blue. Excessive amounts of methylene blue have adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. Employing adsorption methods represents an approach to mitigate methylene blue in water. However, this method often employs non-regenerable adsorbents. This study utilizes zeolite as an adsorbent. Zeolite is synthesized using waste aluminum material, specifically beverage cans. In its fabrication process, sodium aluminate from beverage cans is not subjected to calcination, aimed at enhancing metal content, especially iron, in the synthesized zeolite. The synthesized zeolite's characterization is conducted through X-Ray Diffraction. Several zeolite types are identified from the six samples used, including zeolite A, zeolite X, and zeolite NaP1. The zeolite's adsorption isotherm type resulting from synthesis is determined using spectrofotometry, and it is found that the suitable adsorption isotherm model is the Langmuir model. The synthesized zeolite exhibits the capability of methylene blue decomposition, enabling its reuse as an adsorbent.
Keyword: adsorption, aluminum waste, methylene blue, zeolite synthesis

Judul: Synthesis of Zeolite from Aluminium Waste  as Adsorbent for Methylene Blue
Abstrak: Zeolit merupakan zat hasil sintesis yang berbahan dasar silika dan alumina. Sumber silika yang digunakan berupa waterglass dan sumber alumina menggunakan limbah aluminium bekas etalase. Zeolit ini dapat berpotensi sebagai penjerap pewarna kationik seperti biru metilena. Zeolit disintesis menggunakan variasi suhu pada saat dikalsinasi, yaitu suhu 550 oC, 650 oC, dan 750 oC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen zeolit yang dihasilkan sebesar 93.50 %, 89.29 %, dan 88.21 %. Pada saat diuji kapasitas adsorpsinya, zeolit dengan alumina kalsinasi 650 oC menunjukkan kondisi paling optimum untuk menjerap biru metilena. Kurva kapasitas adsorpsi zeolit tidak mengalami keadaan konstan karena beberapa kesalahan . Isoterm adsorpsi biru metilena oleh zeolit mengikuti pola isoterm Freundlich.
Keyword: adsorption, aluminium waste, isotherm, methylene blue, zeolite

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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