Judul: Persentase Berat Karkas, Organ Dalam dan Lemak Abdominal Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Antibiotik Zinc Bacitracin, Probiotik Bacillus sp. dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam Ransumnya
Abstrak: Pemberian probiotik yang merupakan zat tambahan pada pakan ayam broiler diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pertambaban berat badan dan efisiensi penggunaan ransum. Dewasa ini para peternak dan konsumen lebih menghendaki berat badan yang tinggi dengan nilai konversi ransum yang rendah serta karkas berkualitas baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Ternak (BPT) Bagian Unggas, Ciawi, Bogor dan pengolahan data dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Unggas, Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor pada Juni sampai Juli 2000. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan antibiotik zinc bacitracin 42 ppm, probiotik Bacillus sp. dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae dalam ransum ayam broiler terhadap persentase berat karkas, hati, rempela, ginjal, jantung dan lemak abdominal.
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Judul: Penggunaan probioticum dan zinc bacitracin pada ransum ayam broiler dalam hubungannya dengan kualitas produksi
Abstrak: Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Unggas, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian berlangsung dari tanggal 24 September sampai 19 Nopember 1985. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengguna- an Probioticum dan Zinc Bacitracin dalam ransum ayam broiler serta pengaruhnya terhadap bobot karkas, bobot po- tongan komersil dan kualitas daging yang dilihat dari se- gi organoleptiknya yaitu bentuk, warna, aroma, rasa dan keempukan daging. adalah 270 ekor Materi penelitian yang digunakan anak ayam umur sehari (AUS), strain Tatum type pedaging kelamin jantan. Ransum perlakuan ada sembilan macam ya- itu, ransum tanpa penambahan Probioticum dan Zinc Baci- tracin (ransum kontrol), ransum dengan penambahan Probio- ticum pada taraf 0.050, 0.075, 0.100, 0.125 persen (RB/ RC, RD, RF) dan ransum dengan penambahan Zinc Bacitracin pada taraf 0.0004, 0.0020, 0.0035, 0.0050 persen (RF RG RH RI). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak leng- kap (RAL), dengan sembilan perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Sidik peragam (Analysis of Covariance) digunakan untuk me- ngetahui pengaruh ransum terhadap bobot karkas dan bobot potongan komersil karkas. Ujit juga digunakan untuk me- ngetahui perbedaan antara perlakuan terhadap bobot potong- an komersil. Uji perbandingan ganda non-parametrik digu- nakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan antara perlakuan pada kua- litas daging. Data kualitas daging diperoleh dari Uji Or- ganoleptik, selanjutnya dilakukan analisis statistik parametrik dengan menggunakan model Kruskall Walis. non- Hasil analisis statistik ternyata pemberian Probioti- cum dan Zinc Bacitracin dalam ransum ayam broiler tidak ber- pengaruh terhadap bobot karkas dan bobot potongan komersil, akan tetapi berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap bobot sayap. Selanjutnya hasil dari Uji-t memperlihatkan adanya perbedaan sangat nyata (P<0.01) antara masing-masing per- lakuan RB, RC, Rp Rp RF, RG, RG, RI dengan ransum kon- trol (RA) pada bobot sayap....
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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