Judul: The Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and the Health Protocols Carrying Capacity Based Tourism Management at Boonpring Andeman Malang
Abstrak: Pada akhir tahun 2019 terjadi kasus penyebaran virus corona (Covid-19) yang berdampak pada aktivitas ekonomi di Indonesia, dimana salah satu sektor ekonmi yang merasakan dampak yang besar adalah pariwisata. Dampak pandemic terhadap aktivitas wisata juga dirasakan di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman. Terlaksananya kegiatan wisata berbasis protokol kesehatan di Kawasan Wisata Boonpring Andeman dengan membatasi jumlah pengunjung dapat selaras dengan daya dukung kawasan agar kawasan wisata dapat berkelanjutan dengan menjaga keamanan, kenyamanan, serta kelestarian sumberdaya alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengestimasi dampak ekonomi dan lingkungan sebelum dan sesudah adanya pandemi di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman, (2) mengestimasi kapasitas daya dukung kawasan apabila terlaksananya upaya pembatasan sesuai protokol kesehatan Covid-19 di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman, (3) menganalisis pengelolaan wisata Boonpring Andeman yang adaptif terhadap pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan yaitu multiplier effect, analisis Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman menurun, sedangkan nilai Ratio Income Multiplier Tipe I dan II mengalami peningkatan. Kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman masih under carrying capacity dari segi fisiknya. Pengelolaan wisata yang adaptif terhadap pandemi Covid-19 dapat diterapkan di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman., At the end of 2019 there were cases of the spread of the corona virus (Covid-19) which had an impact on economic activity in Indonesia, one of which was from the tourism sector. This pandemic has implications for activities from the tourism sector, including in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area. The implementation of health protocols by limiting the number of visitors can be in line with the carrying capacity of the area so that tourist areas can be sustainable by maintaining security, comfort, and the preservation of natural resources. The objectives of this study are: (1) to estimate the economic and environmental impacts before and after the pandemic in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area, (2) to estimate the carrying capacity of the area if the restrictions are implemented according to the Covid-19 health protocol in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area, (3) analyzing the management of Boonpring Andeman tourism which is adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is the multiplier effect, analysis of Regional Carrying Capacity (DDK), and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the value of the Keynesian Income Multiplier in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area decreased, while the value of the Ratio Income Multiplier Type I and II increased. The Boonpring Andeman tourist area is still under carrying capacity from a physical point of view. Tourism management that is adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic can be applied in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area.
Keyword: carrying capacity, multiplier effect, new normal, physical and social restrictions

Judul: Economic Impact and Carrying Capacity Analysis of the Taman Wisata Iman in Dairi Regency Due to the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak terhadap penutupan kawasan wisata sementara waktu dan terjadinya penurunan jumlah kunjungan yang bersifat fluktuatif, dimana berdampak terhadap unit usaha dan tenaga kerja di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis dampak ekonomi Taman Wisata Iman, Kabupaten Dairi akibat pandemi Covid-19; (2) menghitung daya dukung wisata di kawasan Wisata Taman Wisata Iman; (3) menganalisis strategi pengembangan kawasan Taman Wisata Iman. Metode yang digunakan adalah, multiplier effect, daya dukung fisik (PCC), analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum dan saat adanya pandemi Keynesian Income Multiplier di TWI kurang dari satu, artinya dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat lokal masih rendah. Namun, Ratio Income Multiplier Tipe I dan Tipe II lebih besar dari satu yang menandakan pengeluaran wisatawan sudah berdampak dan berkontribusi dengan baik terhadap pendapatan unit usaha dan tenaga kerja, baik itu sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Daya dukung kawasan TWI sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 mengalami under carrying capacity, baik itu pada saat weekday, weekend dan musim libur. Pengembangan kawasan TWI dilakukan dengan tahap sarana prasarana, promosi atau iklan dan menyesuaikan kondisi carrying capacity., The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the temporary closure of tourist areas and a decrease in the number of fluctuating visits, which has had an impact on business units and workforce in the area. The purposes of this research are (1) to analyze the economic impact of Iman Tourism Park, Dairi Regency due to the Covid-19 pandemic; (2) calculate the carrying capacity of tourism in the Taman Wisata Iman Tourism area; (3) analyzing the development strategy of the Faith Tourism Park area. The method used is multiplier effect, physical carrying capacity (PCC), descriptive analysis. The results of the study show that before and during the pandemic, the Keynesian Income Multiplier in TWI was less than one, meaning that the impact felt by the local community was still low. However, the Type I and Type II Income Multiplier Ratio is greater than one, which indicates that tourism expenditure has had an impact and contributed to both business unit and workforce income, both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The carrying capacity of the TWI area before and during the Covid- 19 pandemic experienced a lack of carrying capacity, both on weekdays, weekends and the holiday season. The development of the TWI area is carried out with the stages of infrastructure, promotion or advertising and adjusting the carrying capacity conditions
Keyword: carrying capacity, covid-19, development, multiplier effect, tourism

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition