Judul: Preferensi dan Willingness to Pay Wisatawan Terhadap Virtual Reality Tourism di Malang Night Paradise Pasca Pandemi
Abstrak: The high rate of Covid-19 cases led to a decrease in the number of tourist visits and state revenue in the Indonesian tourism sector by 20.7 billion. The tourism sector's contribution to Indonesia's GDP in 2021 was only 4.2% after the previous year of the pandemic reached 4.7%. Virtual Reality (VR) is an option for traveling during a pandemic. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of tourists, willingness to pay, and the factors that influence the willingness to pay of tourists on the use of VR. The sample of this study was 115 respondents who had visited Malang Night Paradise and were interested in using VR in Adventure Land. Data analysis using descriptive analysis, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM): bidding games & open-ended method, as well as multiple linear regression. The results showed that the characteristics of tourists were dominated by young people. The maximum price that respondents are willing to pay is IDR 26,772/ticket and the optimal price was obtained at IDR 19,295/ticket. This price is lower than the current ticket price, which is IDR 20,000. The factors that have a positive/negative and significant effect on the value of WTP are education, monthly income/pocket money, gender, and marital status., Tingkat kasus Covid-19 yang tinggi menyebabkan penurunan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan dan pendapatan negara di sektor pariwisata Indonesia sebesar Rp20,7 miliar. Kontribusi sektor pariwisata terhadap PDB Indonesia pada tahun 2021 hanya sebesar 4,2% setelah di tahun sebelum pandemi mencapai 4,7%. Virtual Reality (VR) menjadi pilihan berwisata di masa pandemi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik wisatawan, kesediaan membayar, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi willingness to pay wisatawan terhadap penggunaan VR. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 115 responden yang pernah berkunjung ke Malang Night Paradise dan tertarik dengan penggunaan VR di Wahana Adventure Land. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM): bidding games & open ended method, serta regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik wisatawan yang didominasi oleh kalangan muda. Harga maksimal yang bersedia responden bayarkan sebesar Rp26.772/tiket dan harga optimal diperoleh sebesar Rp19.295/tiket. Harga tersebut lebih kecil dibandingkan harga tiket saat ini, yaitu Rp20.000. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh positif/negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai WTP adalah pendidikan, pendapatan/uang saku per bulan, jenis kelamin, dan status pernikahan.
Keyword: contingent valuation method, virtual reality tourism, willingness to pay, contingent valuation method, virtual reality tourism, willingness to pay

Judul: Deteminants of Number of Visits and Expenses of Foreign Tourists in Indonesia
Abstrak: Pariwisata merupakan salah satu sektor utama dalam pembangunan perekonomian Indonesia maupun dunia. Sektor pariwisata diperkirakan menjadi penyumbang devisa terbesar bagi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi jumlah kunjungan dan pengeluaran wisman di Indonesia berdasarkan 35 negara utama dengan periode 2011-2020. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis deskriptif dan metode regresi data panel. Hasil dari penelitian ini pada model jumlah kunjungan wisman adalah GDP per kapita, infrastruktur jalan beraspal, jumlah hotel berbintang, dan dummy kebijakan Bebas Visa Kunjungan berpengaruh positif terhadap jumlah kunjungan wisman Indonesia, sedangkan nilai tukar dan dummy COVID-19 berpengaruh negatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini pada model rata-rata pengeluaran wisman yaitu GDP per kapita, infrastruktur jalan beraspal dan rata-rata lama tinggal wisman berpengaruh positif terhadap jumlah rata-rata pengeluaran wisman Indonesia, sedangkan jumlah hotel berbintang dan dummy kebijakan Bebas Visa Kunjungan berpengaruh negatif. Hanya nilai tukar yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah rata-rata pengeluaran wisman Indonesia.
Keyword: : COVID-19, Number of Visits, Tourism, Average Expenditure

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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