Judul: Efek Analgesik Pemberian Infus Biji Kelor (Moringa oleifera) Pada Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Indonesia is a country full of diverse plants which many of them has been used for herbal or traditional medicine that is a safer and more affordable alternative medicine to replace chemical medicine. Moringa plant is one of the plants that contain many beneficial compounds that could be obtain in most of its part, one of them being the seed. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of moringa seed infusion as an analgesic in various doses in mice. A total of 25 male mice were used, where each group consist of five mice. It was grouped into a control group, positive control group and a treatment group that was given moringa seed infusion at doses of 1, 3, and 5 g/kg BW (body weight). The analgesic test was carried out using the hot water tail immersion method. The data taken were the average increase in pain response and observation of physiological changes after administration of the infusion. The results showed that the effective dose in the analgesic test was 5 g/kg BW. In conclusion, moringa seed infusion has a potential as an analgesic at dose 5 g/kg BW., Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan tumbuhan yang banyak diantaranya telah dimanfaatkan untuk pengobatan herbal atau tradisional yang merupakan obat alternatif yang lebih aman dan terjangkau untuk menggantikan obat kimia. Tanaman kelor merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak mengandung senyawa bermanfaat yang dapat diperoleh pada sebagian besar bagiannya, salah satunya adalah bijinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas infusa biji kelor sebagai analgesik dalam berbagai dosis pada mencit. Jumlah mencit jantan yang digunakan sebanyak 25 ekor, dimana setiap kelompok terdiri dari lima ekor mencit. Dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok kontrol, kelompok kontrol positif dan kelompok perlakuan yang diberi infusa biji kelor dengan dosis 1, 3, dan 5 g/kg BB (bobot badan). Uji analgetik dilakukan dengan metode hot water tail immersion (perendaman ekor di air panas). Data yang diambil adalah rata-rata peningkatan respon nyeri dan observasi perubahan fisiologis setelah pemberian infus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dosis efektif pada uji analgesik adalah 5 g/kg BB. Kesimpulannya, infusa biji kelor berpotensi sebagai analgesik dengan dosis 5 g/kg BB.
Keyword: nalgesic, Moringa oleifera, infusion, tail immersion

Judul: The Acute Toxicity Test of Moringa Seeds (Moringan oleifera L.) Infusion in  Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Potensi biji kelor sebagai bahan obat herbal telah banyak diketahui, namun informasi spesifik mengenai tingkat toksisitas dan keamanan dari biji kelor masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keamanan infusa biji kelor pada mencit menggunakan metode penentuan nilai lethal dose 50 (LD50), serta memberikan informasi tentang tingkat keamanan infusa biji kelor untuk perkembangannya sebagai bahan obat herbal. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit betina dibagi menjadi empat kelompok dan lima ulangan. Mencit percobaan yang tidak diberi infusa biji kelor dikelompokkan sebagai kontrol, sedangkan yang diberi infusa biji kelor dosis 5, 10, dan 15 g/kg BB sebagai perlakuan. Pemberian infusa biji kelor dilakukan satu kali pada awal penelitian secara oral kemudian mencit diamati gejala klinis, mortalitas, dan bobot badannya. Pada akhir penelitian, mencit percobaan dikorbankan untuk dievaluasi parameter patologi anatomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian infusa biji kelor mendukung pertumbuhan bobot badan mencit secara normal, tanpa menyebabkan kemunculan gejala klinis patologis atau bahkan kematian. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah infusa biji kelor termasuk bahan yang praktis tidak toksik serta aman dan berpotensi untuk dijadikan obat herbal bagi masyarakat, The potential of moringa seeds as herbal medicinal ingredients has been widely known, but specific information regarding the level of toxicity and safety of moringa seeds is still very limited. This study aims to analyze the safety level of moringa seed infusion in mice using the lethal dose 50 (LD50) assessment method, as well as to provide information about the safety level of Moringa seed infusion for its development as a herbal medicine. A total of 20 female mice were divided into four groups with each contain 5 mice. Experimental mice that were not given moringa seed infusion as a control, while those given moringa seed infusion at doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg BW were the treatment. Moringa seed infusion was administered once at the beginning of the study orally and then clinical symptoms, mortality, and body weight were observed. At the end of the study, experimental mice were sacrificed for pathological views. The results showed that giving moringa seed infusion to mice did not cause death or specific clinical symptoms and normal growth. It was concluded that the infusion of moringa seeds including practically non-toxic ingredients.
Keyword: acute toxicity test, infusion, LD50 value, mice, moringa seeds

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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