Judul: Optimasi Konsentrasi Arabinosa sebagai Ko-substrat untuk Produksi Xilitol oleh Sel Amobil Candida tropicalis
Abstrak: This research was carried out to investigate xylitol production by Candida tropicalis immobilized cells under two sets condition, which were addition of arabinose as a co-substrate and its fermented on sugar mixed medium. Ratio xylose to arabinose was used at the range 6:1-6:3% (xylose 30 g/L and arabinose 5-15 g/L). Sugar mixed medium variation which used in this research were xylose and glucose; xylose and arabinose; and also xylose, glucose, and arabinose, respectively. Candida tropicalis cells entrapped in Ca-alginate and incubated in batch fermentation on 100 rpm rotary shaker at 30˚C for 96 hours. Xylitol produced by cells were measured using spectrophotometer and by D-sorbitol/Dxylitol enzymatic assays. The results revealed that addition of arabinose at the range 6:1-6:3% could increased xylitol production (3.11-5.90 g/L). The highest volumetric rate of xylitol production (0.06 g/L h) and yield product (0.20 g xylitol produced /g xylose consumed) were achieved at ratio 6:3%. Contrary with glucose in fermentation medium could decreased xylitol production of 20% compared with control medium. This negative effect of glucose was annulled by adding arabinose in sugar mixed medium containing xylose, glucose, and arabinose can reached xylitol production for 4.2 g/L.
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Judul: Optimasi Konsentrasi Xilosa dan Glukosa untuk Produksi Xilitol oleh Candida tropicalis
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to determine the optimum time of incubation to harvest cell of Candida tropicalis and xylitol production, and optimum environtment condition to produce xylitol as well, including substrate and co-substrate concentration. In this research, were done optimization of xylose concentration 50-110 g/L and ratio of xylose and glucose between 6:1-6:4 (%). Fermentation was carried out at 300 C in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask at 120 rpm for 48 hours. Xylitol concentration was measured by spectrophotometre method (D-sorbytol/D-xylitol kit). The research result showed that good xylose concentration to produce xylitol be in 30-70 g/L with highest product yield of xylose concentration be 30 g/L (Y product/substrate = 0.25 g/g) and the optimum ratio of xylose and glucose be 6:1 (%) which produces 4.81 g/L of xylitol, with addition of glucose was 12 g/L. The adding of glucose as co-substrate 12 – 48 g/L in the fermentation media could not increase xylitol production, but it has role to increase the cell biomass.
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Judul: Peranan Kepala Desa sebagai Penggerak Peran Serta Anggota Masyarakat dalam Pembangunan Fisik Desa
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1)peranna kepala desa, cara peranan itu dilakukan dalam pembangunan fisik dan pengruh faktor-faktor yang ada pada dan diluar dirinya terhadap peranan tersebut ; (2) peranan pemimpin informal, mengulas peranna dalam pembangunan fisik; (3) kaitan antara kepala desa, pamong desa dan pemimpin informal dalam pembangunan fisik, khususnya dalam menggerakan peran serta anggota masyarakat; (4) pengaruh tingkat sosial ekonomi anggota masyarakat, persepsinya dan tradisi masyarakat terhadap peran sertanya dalam pembangunan fisik desa.
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