Judul: Perencanaan Bisnis Ekspor Jahe Bubuk Melalui Pendekatan Cooperative Entrepreneur di Bogor
Abstrak: Ginger as a biopharmaceutical commodity has a good prospect. Its increasing demand due to the development of phytopahrmaceutical industries was not followed by the supply side. It is attributed to the lack of market information that farmers have and their small scale of production. Cooperative entrepreneur based business development can be adopted as a solution through which farmers’ bargaining power is strengthened and in turn the accepted price of their product increases. This research uses quantitative and non-quantitative (qualitative) analysis method to data collected. Non-quantitative method is used in preparing non-financial planning, meanwhile quantitative analysis method is used in developing financial planning in the business operation. The type is more appropriate of business plan chosen is cooperative. The targeted markets are Japan and Bangladesh as the main export destination of Indonesia ginger.
Keyword: ginger, cooperative enterepreneur, businessplan, bhiopharmaceutical

Judul: Cooperative entrepreneurship business plan for yard-based ginger cultivation in Bubulan Village, Bubulan District, Bojonegoro Regency
Abstrak: Kabupaten Bojonegoro merupakan salah satu daerah yang mayoritas penduduknya bekerja dibidang pertanian dengan tingkat pendapatan yang rendah. Untuk itu, diperlukan sebuah strategi yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan para pekerja sektor pertanian dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya yang ada. Pemanfaatan pekarangan untuk budidaya tanaman bernilai ekonomi seperti jahe merupakan salah satu alternatif yang dapat dilakukan penduduk untuk memperoleh tambahan pendapatan. Agar kegiatan pemanfaatan ini dapat dikembangkan secara terstruktur, perlu dilakukan penerapan konsep wirakoperasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah rancangan bisnis wirakoperasi jahe berbasis lahan pekarangan. Metode analisis aspek non finansial meliputi rencana pemasaran, rencana teknis, dan rencana manajemen sedangkan analisis aspek finansial meliputi rencana keuangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produk jahe dari usaha ini akan dipasarkan untuk kebutuhan konsumsi masyarakat dengan target produksi 5,5 ton per bulan dalam waktu 5 tahun dibawah lembaga koperasi sebagai badan usaha. Nilai NPV usaha terhitung layak dan mencapai Rp170.770.105 selama 5 tahun dengan nilai gross B/C sebesar 1.12. Pada tahun pertama dengan skema pembagian hasil sebesar 50% untuk petani, 5% wirakoperasi dan 45% sebagai laba tertahan, usaha ini dapat memberikan pembagian hasil sebesar Rp1.616.200 kepada setiap petani yang melakukan panen. Pada tahun kedua dengan skema pembagian hasil 70% terhadap petani, 10% terhadap wirakoperasi dan 20% sebagai laba ditahan, usaha ini memberikan pembagian hasil sebesar Rp4.487.560 kepada setiap petani yang melakukan panen., Bojonegoro Regency is one of the areas where the majority of the population works in agriculture with a low level of income. For this reason, a strategy is needed that can increase the income of agricultural sector workers by utilizing existing resources. The utilization of yards for cultivating economically valuable plants such as ginger is an alternative that residents can do to obtain additional income. In order for this utilization activity to be developed in a structured manner, it is necessary to apply the concept of cooperative entrepreneurship. The purpose of this study is the design of a yard-based ginger cooperative entrepreneurship. Non-financial aspect analysis methods include marketing plans, technical plans, and management plans while the analysis of financial aspects includes financial plans. The results of the study show that ginger products from this business will be marketed for public consumption with a production target of 5.5 tons per month within 5 years under the cooperative as a business entity. The NPV value of the business is considered feasible and reaches IDR 170,770,105 for 5 years with a gross B/C value of 1.12. In the first year, with a profit sharing scheme of 50% for farmers, 5% as a cooperative entrepreneurship and 45% as retained profit, this business can provide a profit sharing of IDR 1,616,200 for each farmer who harvests. In the second year, with a profit sharing scheme of 70% for farmers, 10% for cooperative entrepreneurship and 20% as retained earnings, this business provides a profit sharing of IDR 4,487,560 for each farmer who harvests.
Keyword: Bojonegoro, business plan, cooperative entrepreneur, ginger  cultivation, yard cultivation

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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