Judul: Analisis Integrasi Pasar Saham ASEAN-5: Krisis Subprime Mortgage dan Krisis Kawasan Eropa.
Abstrak: Beberapa dekade terakhir ini, integrasi pasar saham antar negara telah mengalami peningkatan. Banyak penelitian menyatakan bahwa krisis finansial Asia tahun 1997-1998 menyebabkan integrasi pasar saham internasional semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis integrasi pasar saham ASEAN-5 sebelum terjadi krisis, saat terjadi krisis subprime mortgage, saat krisis kawasan Eropa, dan setelah krisis menggunakan metode VAR first difference, VECMdan Granger Causality. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu integrasi pasar saham lebih kuat saat terjadi krisis subprime mortgage dibandingkan 3 periode lainnya. Saat krisis subprime mortgage, hampir seluruh pasar saham ASEAN-5 rentan terhadap guncangan pasar saham Amerika, selain itu variasi nilai indeks harga saham ASEAN-5 banyak dijelaskan oleh indeks harga saham Amerika. Sedangkan saat krisis kawasan Eropa, pasar saham Eropa tidak terlalu memengaruhi pasar saham ASEAN-5.
Keyword: ASEAN-5, Granger Causality, integrasi pasar saham, krisis, VAR first difference, VECM

Judul: Analisis Integrasi Pasar Saham ASEAN-3 dan Guncangan Indikator Makroekonomi Sebelum dan Saat Covid-19
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 meningkatkan ketidakpastian dan perilaku risk aversion pada pasar saham. Selain itu, di saat pandemi kebijakan makroekonomi tiap negara berbeda-beda untuk melindungi kestabilan pasar saham. Penelitian ini fokus meneliti pengaruh dari pandemi Covid-19 dan guncangan indikator makroekonomi terhadap integrasi pasar saham negara ASEAN-3 yang terdiri atas Indonesia, Malaysia, dan Singapura periode Januari 2019 - Desember 2021. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu Vector Error Correction Model with Exogenous (VECMX). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi pasar saham ASEAN-3 lebih tinggi saat terjadi pandemi Covid-19. Namun tidak terdapat pengaruh signifikan dari pandemi Covid-19 terhadap ketiga indeks saham ASEAN-3. Selain itu, pengaruh guncangan indikator makroekonomi Indonesia terhadap indeks saham negara ASEAN-3 lainnya cenderung kecil.
Keyword: ASEAN-3, Covid-19, Macroeconomic, Integration, VECMX

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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