Judul: Osmotic dehydration of slice of papaya (Carica papaya L.) with sodium alginate – coating in a room temperature
Abstrak: This study was aimed to determine the change in water loss, solid gain, and shrinkage of sodium alginate coated papaya slices during osmotic dehydration at room temperature. Sugar solution with concentration of 45 °Brix, 55 °Brix and 65 °Brix were used as osmotic solution. Papaya slices used the thickness of 1cm and 2cm. Parameters observed were the mass of material, volume of material and moisture content. The high solution concentration and the flimsiness of material increased the value of water loss and shrinkage. Sodium alginate which was given by one-time dyeing with high solution concentration decreased the value of solid gain. Water loss and shrinkage values were highest on P0E0C2 (1 cm thick, no coating, solution concentration 65 °Brix) which the each values were of 74.82% and 71.45 ml. The lowest solid gain values contained on P0E1C2 (thick 1cm, use done-time coating, solution concentration 65 °Brix) of -0.18%.
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Judul: Optimisasi Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L) Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Abstrak: Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum processing conditions that yield maximum water loss with minimum solid gain and shrinkage during osmotic dehydration papaya slices with uniform shape and size (6 x 2 x 1 cm). Temperature (32.7° – 67.3°C), processing time (32.4 – 447.6 minute), sucrose (37.7° – 72.3° brix) concentrations were the factors investigated with respect to water loss, solid gain, and shrinkage. Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Rotatable Design. Temperature, processing time, and sucrose concentration were found to be significant for water loss and shrinkage. Temperature was significant affecting solid gain. For each response, second order polynomial models were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. Analysis of variance was performed to check the adequacy and accuracy of the fitted models. Applying desirability function method, optimum operating conditions were found to be temperature of 47.57 °C, treatment time of 191.83 minute, and sucrose concentration of 72.30 ° brix. At this optimum point, water loss, solid gain and shrinkage were found to be 58.01%, 2.77%, and 57.26%
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Judul: Ekologi pecuk hitam (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris Brandt, 1931) di Taman Burung Kota Baru Bandar Kemayoran Jakarta
Abstrak: Kota Baru Bandar Kemayoran (KBBK) terletak di pusat kota Jakarta dan kaya akan avifauna. Di dalam kawasan ini direncanakan pengembangan suatu taman burung, yang selain berfungsi untuk perlindungan juga berfungsi untuk kegiatan rekreasi bersifat mendidik, khususnya rekreasi pengamatan burung (bird watching). Salah satu jenis burung yang menarik untuk diamati yaitu Pecuk Hitam (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris), yang merupakan jenis dominan dan sering dijumpai. Jenis ini mempunyai perilaku khas yang tidak dimiliki oleh spesies lain, yaitu tarian gerakan sayap untuk menarik pasangan (wing waving) dan gerakan membuka sayap membentuk sudut patah di bagian siku berbentuk delta winged disebut wing spreading. Berdasarkan pengamatan awal, populasi Pecuk Hitam tersebar pada hampir semua tipe habitat, meliputi: habitat rawa, habitat mangrove, habitat semak dan habitat waduk buatan, sehingga mudah dijumpai, terutama di waduk buatan. Kondisi ini sangat baik untuk pengembangan rekreasi pengamatan burung (bird watching).
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