Judul: Feed Analysis of Javan Rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus) Using Chloroplast maturase K (matK) gene Barcode DNA markers
Abstrak: Badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus) merupakan salah satu satwa yang ada di Indonesia yang kini keberadaannya terancam punah dan diperkirakan jumlahnya kurang lebih 62 individu pada tahun 2013, dan saat ini hanya dapat ditemukan di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon (TNUK), Banten. Saat ini, faktor pakan badak jawa menjadi hal yang krusial bagi keberlangsungan hidup spesies tersebut karena luasan serta kualitas pakannya sangat terancam karena adanya kerusakan hutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memberikan informasi pakan badak jawa secara tepat dan aktual melalui proses barcoding DNA tumbuhan dari feses badak jawa yang telah dikoleksi dari TNUK, Banten. DNA total didapatkan dari 10 sampel feses badak jawa dan 10 tumbuhan yang diduga sebagai pakan badak jawa. PCR dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer spesifik tumbuhan marka matK. Analisis sekuen yang didapat di BLAST-n kemudian diolah menggunakan MEGA 7 untuk dilihat identitas dan kekerabatannya. Hasil analisis 10 sampel feses mendapatkan Leea coccinea dari famili Vitaceae diduga sebagai pakan favorit badak jawa. Sumber pakan lainnya adalah tumbuhan Terminalia guyanensis (Combretaceae), Morus celtidifolia (Moraceae), dan Dillenia indica (Dilleniaceae). Dari 10 sampel tumbuhan diduga pakan badak jawa salah satu diantaranya yaitu sampel tumbuhan sulangkar (Leea indica) memiliki jarak genetik yang paling dekat dengan sampel feses yang teridentifikasi sebagai Leea coccinea yaitu perbedaannya berkisar 1.59– 1.71% (0.0159–0.0171). Hal ini menunjukkan sulangkar (Leea indica) diduga sebagai pakan favorit badak jawa. Ketidakcocokan tersebut diduga belum terdapatnya database sulangkar (Leea indica) di GenBank., The Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus sondaicus) is one of the animals in Indonesia which is now threatened with extinction. It was estimated that its number was around 62 individuals in 2013, and currently can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten. At present, the Javan rhino forage is crucial for the survival of this species because the area and quality of its food are seriously threatened due to forest destruction. The purpose of this study was to provide accurate and actual information on Javan rhino food through the process of barcoding plant DNA from Javan rhino faeces that had been collected from Ujung Kulon National Park, Banten. Total DNA was obtained from 10 Javan rhino faeces and 10 plants suspected of being Javan rhino feed. PCR was performed using specific primers for the matK marker plant. Sequence analysis obtained in BLASTn was then processed using MEGA 7 to see its identity and kinship. The results of the analysis of 10 stool samples found Leea coccinea from the Vitaceae family, which is thought to be the favorite food of Javan rhinos. Other food sources are Terminalia guyanensis (Combretaceae), Morus celtidifolia (Moraceae), and Dillenia indica (Dilleniaceae). From 10 of the plant samples, Leea indica had a genetic distance that was very close to the fecal samples identified as ranging from 1.59-1.71% (0.0159-0.0171). This shows that the sulangkar, (Leea indica) is thought to be the Javan rhino's favorite food. This discrepancy is thought to have not yet existed in the sulangkar (Leea indica) database at GenBank.
Keyword: forage of rhino, matK gene, plant DNA, Rhinoceros sondaicus

Judul: Analisis Karakteristik Kubangan Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822) Di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822) is a rare and unique species. Today, its population can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park. One of insitu conservation efforts to keep the population existence of javan rhino is creating the second habitat. The most important thing to conduct this program is to identify the behaviors of javan rhino. Wallowing is an important behavior of javan rhino. Based on javan rhino’s behavior, the characteristic of its wallow can be identified. The observed characteristics of wallow will determine the standard or criteria of habitat which will be used for selection strategy of further javan rhino’s wallow. The objective of this study was to identify the wallow characteristic of javan rhino both physical and biological factors and to identify the dominant ecological factor in determining wallow selection strategy for javan rhino. The results of this study is hopefully used for the consideration in determining the second habitat of javan rhino and for the basics information of habitat development of javan rhino insitu conservation. The data that were collected consisted of physical characteristic javan rhino’s wallow i.e. the length and the width of wallow, the depth of mud and water of wallow, water pH inside the wallow, the height of wallow site, the temperature and humidity, and the distance from wallow to the coastal, river, and from human access. The biotic characteristic aspects of javan rhino’ wallow that were observed consisted of the number of javan rhino’ feed and the total density of vegetation spread around the wallow according to result of vegetation analysis. The observation result shows that the dominant length of wallow was range from 3-4 meters and the width was range from 2-3 meters. The temperature was about 26-29°C with 67-90% of humidity, water pH of the wallow was normal (pH 7). The height of wallow site was < 100 m above sea level, and mostly found in 1354-2292 meters from the coastal, 702-1012 meters from the river, and 50-370 meters from human access. The total density of vegetation around the wallow was about 8750-53755 ind/ha for the seedling, 800-18607 ind/ha for the sapling, 25- 906 ind/ha for the poles, and 25-174 ind/ha for the tree. The location of 16th and 18th wallows consisted of highest number of feed, which were 35 species of plants. Based on the result of factor analysis, the dominant ecological factors of wallow selection are height of the site, air temperature, and tree density.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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