Judul: Analisis Risiko Usaha Perikanan Tangkap Skala Kecil di Palabuhanratu
Abstrak: The number of Indonesia’s small scale fishing is huge and growing up, however commonly fisherman’s welfare still below the poverty line. Capital resistance access is one of restrictively factor to the condition. Besides banking system put fisheries capturer activity as a high risk and indeterminancy. Based on the situation we intend to do research for describing the risk of comprehensive small scale fisheries capturer in Palabuhanratu, include in offering a solution. The aim can be approach by several activity, (1) identify and address the risk of fisheries capturer activity, (2) calculate the risk and impact of production, price and income, (3) calculate the fisherman’s attitude about the risk, (4) design an easy solution for the fisherman to get the business capital. The research was held in October 2006 until March 2007 in Palabuhanratu District, Regency of Sukabumi, the data collected and analyzed using descriptive method, deviation standard, variation coefficient, PRT and SWOT. Based on the result we know that risk in small scale fisheries capturer activity generally consist of (1) loose or damage in piscatorial facilities, (2) ineffective of capturing operation and, (3) threat of fisherman safety. Palabuhanratu fisherman tend the act by not to take the risk (risk averter). There are 3 priority solutions for the problem regarding capital accessibility. There are (1) implementing flexible loan regulation which is still in prudential, (2) create a law of capital strengthening, (3) enacting financing scheme suitable with fisheries capturer characteristics
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Judul: Development of strategy for financing capture fisheries business in Tegal city, Central Java Province
Abstrak: Currently there are approximately 49,8 million small and medium scale businesses in Indonesia, and yet from that figures only 13 % of small scale businesses including fisheries business are able to have access to banking institution, while the rest 87 % are still relied on their owned capital. The weak access to credit and financing also happen in Tegal city, Central Java Province eventough Tegal is considered as one of the fisheries activities center in the country. This research aims to analyze feasibility of capture fisheries business, important production factors in capture fisheries operation, financing components interaction, existing condition of financing to capture fisheries business , and determine priority strategy to develop financing to capture fisheries business in Tegal city, Central Java Province. This research utilizes financial analysis methods, SEM, SWOT and AHP. From the type of fishing gears which are mostly used by fishermen in Tegal, jaring arad, cantrang, gillnet, purse seine and pancing layangan are those considered feasible to be developed. Gillnet monofilamen and jaring rampus are considered not feasible due to their Net B/C ratios are 1,00 and 1,00 respectively ( Standard > 1 ), and IRR are 4,38 % and 3,09 % respectively ( Standard > 6,25 ). Important production factors in fish catching operation for each fishing gear are as follows : (a) jaring arad, are : length of fishing net and stocks of fresh water, (b) cantrang, are: gasoline stocks and ice block stocks, (c) gillnet monofilamen, is length of fishing net, (d) gillnet, are length of fishing net, days of trip, gasoline stocks, ice block stocks, vessel crews, fresh water stock and supplies, (e) jaring rampus, are : length of fishing net, gasoline stocks, ice block stocks and vessel crews, (f) purse seine, are : gasoline stocks, (g) pancing layangan, are : gasoline stocks. The components which are significantly interacted ( p < 0,05 ) in fisheries financing are a : (a) banking institution, consist of general bank ( Bank Umum ) and local government banks (BPD), (b) government institutions, consist of Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries of Republic of Indonesia (KKP RI), (c) capture fisheries business performance, consist of Net B/C, IRR and ROI ratios, (d) political policies, consist of KKPE, KUR and BPLM, and (e) financing performance, consist of amount of credit/ financing given. Existing condition of financing to capture fisheries business in Tegal are now in grow/stability condition (quadran V), with internal factors total score 2,61 ( adequate) and external factors score 2,47 (adequate) , so that still feasible to obtain financing support. Policy startegy which can be developed and becoming financing solution for capture fisheries business in Tegal (based on priority) (inconsistency ratio 0,05) are : improvement of management and performance of capture fisheries business, collateral alocation for credit with lower interest rate, improvement of credit commitment and sanction enforcement to the violator , widely socialization of credit policy to fishermen in order to enhance their understanding on credit and financing, jointly liable in financing urgently needed supplies, improvement of fishermen skill and self-sufficiency of fishing gear .
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell