Judul: Penilaian Kinerja Jantung dengan Ekokardiografi dan Korelasinya terhadap Bobot Badan Kuda Polisi Sehat
Abstrak: Police forces in Indonesia train and use Warmblood horses to conduct official police tasks. Optimal cardiovascular health and body weight of these horses are vital to ensure their performance is not compromised during duties. This research aims to determine the cardiac performance parameters of heart rate (HR), cardiac output (CO), stroke volume (SV), fractional shortening (FS), and ejection fraction (EF) using echocardiography and its correlation to the body weight of police horses. Ten healthy adult police horses from Direktorat Polisi Satwa, Depok were subjected to B-mode and M-mode echocardiography for a comprehensive assessment of cardiac performance parameters while body weight was determined using an equine scale. Regression analysis was employed to analyse the correlation between body weight and cardiac performance parameters. The results of cardiac performance parameters were within the normal reference range, indicating good cardiac performance and no abnormalities in cardiac function. A weak negative correlation between HR and CO, weak positive correlation between SV, and a significantly negative correlation between FS and EF to body weight of the police horses were determined respectively. The study provides insight into using echocardiography to evaluate cardiac performance parameters and how these parameters correlate to the body weight of police horses.
Keyword: cardiac performance, echocardiography, police horse

Judul: Evaluasi Diameter dan Ketebalan Dinding Ventrikel Kiri Dengan Ekokardiografi pada Kuda Polisi Sehat
Abstrak: Echocardiographic evaluation in police horses provides crucial baseline data for assessing cardiac function and structure. A total of six gelding Warmblood (WB) police horses undergone a physical examination to ensure good and fit in terms of health to be chosen as samples for this study. Healthy horses then underwent echocardiographic examination in standing position from right parasternal short axis view at the level of papillary muscle. B-mode followed by M-mode echocardiography were done to measure the Interventricular Septum (IVS), Left Ventricular Internal Dimension (LVID), and Left Ventricular Posterior Wall (LVPW) in both diastole and systole cardiac cycle. These data will be further use to measure the value of left ventricular myocardial mass (LVMM). All parameters of echocardiography in healthy WB police horses were then compared to data of healthy WB horses from related references. Two main cardiac parameters that are highly related to training level are the LVID and LVPW as reported by several studies. Our finding of this two parameters revealed that most of our samples falls between the middle to high range when compared to references healthy horses within the same breed. This suggest that WB police horses has cardiac adaptations towards their training., Evaluasi ekokardiografi pada kuda polisi memberikan data dasar yang penting untuk menilai fungsi dan struktur jantung. Sebanyak enam ekor kuda polisi Warmblood (WB) gelding menjalani pemeriksaan fisik untuk memastikan status kesehatan yang baik untuk dipilih sebagai sampel penelitian ini. Kuda yang sehat kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan ekokardiografi dengan posisi berdiri dari pandangan short axis parasternal kanan pada level papillary muscle. Ekokardiografi B-mode diikuti dengan M-mode dilakukan untuk mengukur septum interventricular (IVS), dimensi internal ventrikel kiri (LVID) dan dinding posterior ventrikel kiri (LVPW) pada siklus jantung diastol dan sistol. Data ini selanjutnya digunakan untuk mengukur nilai massa miokardium ventrikel kiri (LVMM). Seluruh parameter ekokardiografi kuda polisi WB sehat kemudian dibandingkan dengan data kuda WB sehat dari beberapa referensi. Dua parameter jantung utama yang sangat terkait dengan tingkat pelatihan adalah LVID dan LVPW seperti yang dilaporkan oleh beberapa penelitian. Temuan dari dua parameter ini mengungkapkan bahwa sebagian besar sampel kuda berada pada kisaran menengah hingga tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan referensi kuda sehat dalam ras yang sama. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kuda polisi WB memiliki adaptasi jantung yang berkaitan dengan tahap latihannya.
Keyword: echocardiography, police horse, LEFT VENTRICLE, M-MODE, WARMBLOOD

Judul: Penggunaan Kultur Starter Untuk Menghambat Pertumbuhan Aspergillus flavus dan Mereduksi Aflatoksin Selama Fermentasi Grits Jagung
Abstrak: Aflatoxin is a human carcinogen produced as a secondary metabolite by Aspergillus flavus that frequently contaminates maize. Previous research indicated that spontaneous fermentation of maize grits can improve the quality of maize flour. This research aimed to develop starter cultures from indigenous microorganism isolated from spontaneous fermentation of maize and use them to improve the easiness of grinding as well as to inhibit the growth Aspergillus flavus and reduce aflatoxin during fermentation of local white corn grits varieties Pulut. The starter culture were developed using an amylolyitic Candida famata and a non amylolytic Lactobacillus plantarum found troughout corn spontaneous fermentation. Use of the starter culture for maize fermentation increased the percentage of fine flour as compared to that without fermentation. However the percentage of fine flour is similar to spontaneous fermentation. Fermentation for 72 h using mixed starter culture of L. plantarum and Candida famata resulted in the highest fine maize flour percentage (39.31%) during milling for 2 min. Single starter culture L. plantarum inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus the fastest after fermentation. The number of Aspergillus flavus declined for 1 log cfu/ml during 48 h fermentation. In addition, the highest reduction of aflatoxin was demonstrated by single starter culture L. plantarum. Fermentation for 72 h can reduce aflatoxin until 87.83%.
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