Judul: Modeling the Diversity of Food Security Index in Indonesia with Spatial Approach, Efficiency Analysis, and Clustering
Abstrak: Ketahanan pangan yang digambarkan oleh ukuran Indeks Ketahanan Pangan (IKP) umumnya memiliki variasi permasalahan regional antar wilayahnya dan cenderung berfluktuasi antar tahunnya, sehingga diperlukan pendekatan penanganan yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi masing-masing wilayah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan geographically temporally weighted regression yang memungkinkan untuk memodelkan keragaman spasial dan temporal dalam data, dan sesuai dengan sifat data ketahanan pangan yaitu cenderung bervariasi antar wilayah dan tahun. Selanjutnya output analisis tersebut diperdalam dengan data envelopment analysis untuk menilai efisiensi pemanfaatan sumber daya terhadap kondisi ketahanan pangan antar wilayah dan menggunakan penggerombolan k-medoid untuk melakukan perbandingan kondisi pangan antar kelompok wilayah. Seluruh wilayah di Indonesia menjadi objek penelitian ini, yaitu sebanyak 514 kabupaten/kota selama tahun 2020-2022. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peubah angka harapan hidup, laju pertumbuhan penduduk, persentase penduduk miskin, produksi tanaman pangan, dan pengeluaran per kapita berpengaruh pada taraf nyata 5% terhadap nilai IKP di sebagian besar wilayah, dengan nilai Pseudo R^2 sebesar 91.2%. Hasil analisis DEA menunjukkan terdapat dua puluh tujuh daerah di Indonesia yang selalu konsisten dengan tingkat efisiensi ketahanan pangan maksimum. Namun secara keseluruhan, kemampuan efisiensi mengalami penurunan yang cukup signifikan pada tahun 2022. Hal ini diperkuat dengan hasil analisis gerombol k-medoid bahwa dari tiga gerombol yang terbentuk (gerombol dengan IKP cenderung tinggi, sedang, dan rendah), gerombol dengan tingkat ketahanan pangan rendah mengalami peningkatan sebesar 9% dari tahun 2020 ke tahun 2022 yang perlu diperhatikan., Food security, which is represented by the Food Security Index (FSI) measure, generally has regional variations between regions and tends to fluctuate between years, so a handling approach that is tailored to the conditions of each region is needed. This study uses a geographically temporally weighted regression approach that allows to model spatial and temporal variability in the data, which is in accordance with the nature of food security data, which tends to vary between regions and years. Then the output of the analysis is deepened with data envelopment analysis to assess the efficiency of resource utilization towards food security conditions between regions and using k-medoid clustering to compare food conditions between regional groups. All regions in Indonesia became the object of this research, namely 514 districts/cities during 2020-2022. The results of the study indicated that the variables of life expectancy, population growth rate, percentage of poor people, food crop production, and per capita expenditure have a significant effect on the FSI value in most regions, with a Pseudo R^2 value of 91.2%. The results of DEA analysis showed that there are twenty seven regions in Indonesia that are always consistent with the maximum level of food security efficiency. But overall, the efficiency ability has decreased significantly in 2022. This is reinforced by the results of the k-medoid clustering analysis that of the three clusters formed (clusters with IKP tending to be high, medium, and low), the cluster with a low level of food security has increased by 9% from 2020 to 2022, which needs more attention.
Keyword: data envelopment analysis, food security index, geographically temporally weighted regression, k-medoid clustering

Judul: The Development of Sustainability Food and Nutrition Security Index in West Java
Abstrak: Beberapa indikator dan indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi telah dikembangkan pada level global untuk menilai situasi ketahanan pangan dan gizi serta melakukan perankingan, namun belum terdapat indikator yang mengaitkan dengan konsep keberlanjutan yang dapat diimplementasikan untuk tingkat provinsi. Jawa Barat adalah provinsi di Indonesia dengan jumlah penduduk terbanyak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan pengembangan indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi berkelanjutan di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian ini adalah ecology study, menggunakan data sekunder tahun 2015 dengan unit analisis 18 kabupaten dan 9 kota. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan empat tahap: analisis ketersediaan energi dari serealia (non terigu) dan umbi-umbian, identifikasi indikator potensial, seleksi indikator, dan penyusunan indeks. Analisis multivariate dengan pendekatan Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU) digunakan untuk menyusun indeks berdasarkan pilar ketahanan pangan dan gizi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi berkelanjutan dikembangkan melalui 17 indikator terseleksi, terdiri atas 4 indikator ketersediaan pangan, 4 indikator keterjangkauan pangan, dan 9 indikator pemanfaatan pangan cerdas. Indeks ketahanan pangan dan gizi berkelanjutan Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2015 mencapai -0,02. Capaian nilai indeks tertinggi terdapat di daerah Kabupaten Indramayu dengan nilai indeks 2,45 sedangkan capaian nilai indeks terendah terdapat di daerah Kota Sukabumi dengan nilai indeks -1,46., Several indicators and indices have been developed at global level to assess and to evaluate the situation of food and nutrition security, but there was no indicators linkages with the concept of sustainability that can be implemented for regional level. West Java is the province of Indonesia with the largest population. The purpose of this study was to develop sustainability food and nutrition security index in West Java. Design of thus study was ecology, used secondary data from 2015 with an analysis unit 18 districts and 9 cities. This study included four steps: analysis availability of cereals (non wheat) and bulbs, indentification of potential indicators, selection of indicators, and compile the index. Multivariate analysis with Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used to construct index based on food and nutrition security pillar. The result of this research showed that sustainability food and nutrition was developed through 17 selected indicators, consists of 4 indicators of food avaibility, 4 indicators of food access, and 9 indicators of smart food utilization. The index of sustainability food and nutrition security in West Java in 2015 reached -0,02. The achievement of the highest index value is in the area of Indramayu District with an index value of 2,45 while the lowest index value achievement is in the Sukabumi City with an index value of -1,46.
Keyword: index, principal component analysis, sustainability food and nutrition security, West Java Province

Judul: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Posphate
Abstrak: Biphasio calsium phosphate (BCP), which was a mixture of hydroxypatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by sintering process. Hydroxyapatite was produced by using natural calcium source CaO from hen's eggshell and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate souce, other hydroxyapatite sample was produce by using synthetic calcium source Ca(OH) and H3PO4 as phosphate source.
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