Judul: Asal usul Sapi Madura Berdasarkan Penanda DNA Mitokondria
Abstrak: Madura cattle was one of native cattle from Indonesia. The origin of madura cattle had not known clearly. Many reports said that madura cattle came from the crosses of Bos javanicus (banteng), Bos taurus and Bos indicus. To understand the maternal inheritance in madura cattle, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of Cyt b gen, tRNA Thr and Pro, also Dloop region from mitochondrial genom. The reconstruction of phylogenetic tree using Neighbour Joining Method based on Kimura 2 Parameter showed that madura cattle grouped into two types, that are B. javanicus type and B. indicus type. This research result supported many authors that there were a mixing of the maternal origin of madura cattle. Further investigation is needed to determine the origin madura cattle based on paternal liniages and mitochondrial diversity. This conservation investigation is needed to improve quality of madura cattle.
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Judul: Keragaman Gen Miostatin (GDF-8) pada Sapi Madura
Abstrak: Madura cattle is one of Indonesian local cows that have an ability to adapt the tropical climate in Madura island and produce good quality meats and skins. Development and differentiation of muscle mass are controlled by myostatin gene or growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8). This research aimed to estimate the diversity of myostatin gene (exon 2 and exon 3) in madura cattle and compared it with myostatin gene from other Bos genus. The identification of myostatin gene diversity was performed on 21 DNA samples from madura cattle and nucleotides sequencing was conducted on the amplicon using DNA pooling sample methods. The six variants of the exon 2 were C1G (Leu), C41T (Ala), G239A (Arg), G266A (Arg), A268G (Thr), and A331G (Met), whereas on exon 3 was G75A, G77A, T261C, C273T, A330C (Ile), and T336C (Thr). The variance analysis showed that there were four variants of exon 3 that only found in a madura cattle, one variant has missense characteristic, that is G77A (His -- Arg), and the three other variants have nonsense characteristic, that are G75A (Glu), T261C (Ala), and C273T (Cys). The six variants of exon 2 and two variants of exon 3 had a nitrogen base similarity with the other Bos genus, that are C1G (48%), C41T (64%), G239A (88%), G266A (92%), A268G (96%), A331G (92%), A330C (72,7%), and T336C (36,4%). The variants found in madura cattle are different from variants that showed the double muscling phenomena.
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Judul: Karakteristik lompatan hidrolik terhadap pelimpah terjunan pada saluran segi empat
Abstrak: Aliran dengan kecepatan tinggi dalam kondisi superkritis yang melintasi bangunan pelimpah, sebelum bergerak lebih jauh ke arah hilir saluran dimana bilangan Froude (F) lebih besar dari satu harus diubah menjadi aliran subkritis dimana bilangan Froudenya lebih kecil dari satu. Aliran yang meninggalkan kaki pelimpah merupakan aliran yang memiliki kandungan energi yang amat berarti sehingga dapat menimbulkan pengikisan yang besar. Pengubahan bilangan Froude dari kondisi superkritis ke subkritis dimaksudkan agar terjadi perubahan kandungan energi, sehingga aliran menjadi non erosive. Agar daya erosive aliran dapat berkurang, maka biasanya pada bagian hilir dari bangunan pelimpah dibuatkan suatu bangunan peredam energi. Erosi yang terjadi di hilir bangunan pelimpah dapat disebabkan dari keberadaan bangunan pelimpah itu sendiri, maupun bangunan peredam energi yang kurang tepat. Hal ini terutama menyangkut beberapa kejadian lompatan hidrolik yang timbul pada bangunan peredam energi tersebut.. Suatu metode yang efektif untuk menjamin bahwa lompatan hidrolik selalu terjadi pada daerah yang dilindungi, adalah dengan menggunakan bangunan peredam energi yang terdiri dari beberapa tipe dengan..dst
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