Judul: Weed Management of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Surya Adi Estate, PT Binasawit Makmur, South Sumatra
Abstrak: The productivity of Indonesian palm oil has not reached its maximum potential. One of the reasons for this lack of productivity is the presence of weeds. Weeds have the potential to reduce yields of Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB), so it is necessary to control them. The presence of weeds can diminish the yield of FFB; therefore, weed control is essential. Proper weed control can enhance FFB productivity. In weed control, appropriate steps are required, starting from planning, organizing, applying, and monitoring. The internship was conducted at Surya Adi Estate and Mesuji Estate, Sampoerna Agro, South Sumatra, where I served as KHL, a foreman's assistant, and an assistant supervisor. The KHL handled all technical aspects in the field, the foreman's assistant assisted the foreman in both technical and managerial tasks, and the assistant supervisor aided the assistant in managerial aspects. Primary data observation involved analyzing weed vegetation at various growth stages. The internship results indicated the application of manual and chemical weed control in accordance with company standards. The observations revealed that broadleaf weeds, such as Mucuna bracteata DC and Mikania micrantha Kunth, dominated at the TBM growth stage. Clidemia hirta D. Don, Ageratum conyzoides L., and Asystasia gangetica (L.) were prevalent at the young, adolescent, and mature stages of oil palm growth (TM). Among grassy weeds, Panicum sarmentosum Roxb was the dominant species at the TBM stage, while Cyperus rotundus L. was the most common sedge weed at the TBM growth stage, Produktivitas minyak kelapa sawit Indonesia belum maksimal. Salah satu penyebab kurangnya produktivitas yaitu gulma. Keberadaan gulma dapat menghilangkan hasil pada TBS sehingga gulma perlu dikendalikan. Pengendalian gulma yang tepat dapat meningkatkan produktivitas TBS. Dalam pengendalian gulma perlu langkah yang tepat mulai dari perencanaan, pengorganisasian, pengaplikasian, dan pengawasan. Magang bertujuan meningkatkan kemampuan teknis dan manajerial dalam budidaya di perkebunan kelapa sawit terutama dalam melakukan manajemen pengendalian gulma. Magang dilakukan di Kebun Surya Adi dan Kebun Mesuji, Sampoerna Agro Sumatera Selatan dengan menjadi KHL, pendamping mandor, dan pendamping asisten. KHL melakukan semua aspek teknis di lapangan, pendamping mandor membantu tugas mandor dalam aspek teknis dan manajerial, pendamping asisten membantu tugas asisten dalam aspek manajerial. Pengamatan data primer dengan melakukan analisis vegetasi gulma pada berbagai umur. Hasil magang menunjukkan aplikasi pengendalian gulma manual dan kimia sesuai dengan standar perusahaan. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan jenis gulma yang ditemukan didominasi oleh daun lebar, seperti Mucuna bracteata DC, Mikania micrantha Kunth. pada umur tanam TBM. Clidemia hirta D. Don, Ageratum conyzoides L., dan Asystasia gangetica (L.) pada umur tanam TM muda, TM remaja, dan TM tua. Untuk jenis gulma rumput, yang mendominasi di umur tanam TBM yaitu Panicum sarmentosum Roxb. Jenis gulma teki paling banyak di umur tanam TBM yaitu spesies Cyperus rotundus L
Keyword: application, dominance, organization, planning, supervision

Judul: Pengendalian Gulma Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) di Kebun Seed Garden Buatan, PT Inti Indosawit Subur, Riau.
Abstrak: Gulma di lahan kelapa sawit yang tidak dikendalikan menurunkan hasil panen sehingga perlu pengendalian gulma yang efektif dan efisien. Magang memiliki tujuan umum meningkatkan kemampuan teknis dan manajerial dalam kegiatan budidaya kelapa sawit serta tujuan khusus menambah pemahaman dalam pengendalian gulma di Kebun Seed Garden Buatan, PT Inti Indosawit Subur, Riau. Magang dilaksanakan di KSB, PT Inti Indosawit Subur, Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan, Riau pada bulan Januari sampai Mei 2023. Metode yang digunakan metode langsung (data primer) dan tidak langsung (data sekunder). Pengamatan data primer gulma dengan NJD menunjukkan gulma yang dominan di areal piringan yaitu Eleusine indica menunjukkan SDR tertinggi yaitu 45,28% pada TBM, 30,92% pada TM muda, dan 27,14% pada TM tua. Centotheca lappacea nilai SDR tertinggi pada TM muda 35,42% dan TM dewasa 55,7%. Cyperus kyllingia nilai SDR tertinggi gulma ini pada TBM yaitu 46%, TM muda yaitu 50,05%, dan TM dewasa 27,29%. Asystasia gangetica nilai SDR tertinggi di TM dewasa senilai 17,03%. Pengendalian gulma di KSB dilaksanakan dengan cara manual, kultur teknis, kimiawi, dan mekanis. Penting dilakukan pengawasan mengenai kondisi alat semprot agar penggunaan biaya pengendalian lebih efisien. Persentase tingkat penggunaan APD sebesar 58% dan tergolong rendah., Uncontrolled weeds in oil palm fields reduce yields so effective and efficient weed control is needed. The internship has a general objective to improve technical and managerial skills in oil palm cultivation activities and a specific objective to increase understanding in weed control in the Artificial Seed Garden, PT Inti Indosawit Subur, Riau. The internship was carried out at KSB, PT Inti Indosawit Subur, Pangkalan Kerinci, Pelalawan, Riau from January to May 2023. The methods used were direct (primary data) and indirect (secondary data). Observation of primary weed data with NJD showed that the dominant weed in the disk area, namely Eleusine indica, showed the highest SDR of 45,28% in TBM, 30,92% in young TM, and 27,14% in old TM. Centotheca lappacea had the highest SDR value in young TM at 35,42% and mature TM at 55,7%. Cyperus kyllingia had the highest SDR value in TBM at 46%, young TM at 50,05%, and mature TM at 27,29%. Asystasia gangetica had the highest SDR value in mature TM at 17,03%. Weed control in KSB is carried out by manual, technical culture, chemical, and mechanical means. It is important to monitor the condition of the spray equipment so that the use of control costs is more efficient. The percentage of PPE usage rate is 58% and is classified as low.
Keyword: gulma, teknik pengendalian, biaya, APD, weeds, control techniques, cost, PPE

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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