Judul: Sitotaksonomi Pteris vittata L. (Pteridaceae) di Pulau Jawa.
Abstrak: Pteris vittata atau yang dikenal dengan ‘The Chinese Ladder Brake Fern’, memiliki variasi morfologi tinggi dan daerah geografi yang luas di seluruh dunia. Di India dan Cina, jenis ini dilaporkan sebagai cryptic species dengan lima tingkat ploidi yaitu diploid, triploid, tetraploid, pentaploid, dan hexaploid, dengan jumlah kromosom dasar 29. Studi tentang sitotaksonomi P. vittata yang meliputi pendekatan morfologi, sitologi, dan tipe reproduksi di Indonesia khususnya di Jawa sangat sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memelajari keanekaragaman dalam jenis P. vittata di Pulau Jawa berdasarkan karakter morfologi, sitologi, dan tipe reproduksi serta melihat korelasi antara morfologi, sitologi, dan tipe reproduksi dengan ketinggian lokasi tempat tumbuhnya guna menyediakan data baru tentang keanekaragaman sitologi dan taksonomi P. vittata di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan September 2012 sampai September 2013. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan pada 130 individu yang telah dikoleksi dari Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah, dan Jogyakarta. Pengamatan sitologi dilakukan pada 37 individu dengan cara memeriksa jumlah kromosom somatik dari ujung akar dengan menggunakan metode squash. Tipe reproduksi ditentukan dengan menghitung jumlah spora pada setiap sporangium. Pteris vittata di Pulau Jawa ditemukan memiliki variasi morfologi, tingkat ploidi dan tipe reproduksi. Jenis ini memperlihatkan variasi morfologi pada bentuk dan ukuran daun utuh, anak daun samping dan ujung. Variasi tingkat ploidi dan tipe reproduksi dijumpai pada 37 individu P. vittata di Pulau Jawa, yaitu tetraploid seksual (2n = 4x = 116) dan pentaploid apogami (2n = 5x = 145). Pentaploid merupakan laporan terbaru data sitologi P. vittata di Pulau Jawa. Pentaploid ditemukan di lokasi berbeda dengan ketinggian tempat berbeda. Secara morfologi, tetraploid dan pentaploid sulit dibedakan secara kasat mata, namun ukuran stomata tetraploid lebih kecil dan memiliki kerapatan stomata yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan pentaploid. Pteris vittata di Pulau Jawa dapat digolongkan menjadi dua kelompok subspesies yaitu P.vittata subspesies vittata dan P.vittata subspesies emodi berdasarkan karakter daun. Tingkat ploidi tidak berkorelasi dengan pengelompokkan infraspesies. Tingkat ploidi tetraploid dan pentaploid ditemukan pada dua kelompok varian. Faktor ketinggian tempat memiliki korelasi terhadap morfologi namun tidak berkorelasi dengan sitologi dan tipe reproduksi.
Keyword: Jawa, Pteris vittata, sitotaksonomi

Judul: Sitologi dan Tipe Reproduksi Pteris multifida Poir. (Pteridaceae)
Abstrak: Cytological observations have been carried out by several researchers in South Chine, Japan, Ceylon, Hongkong, Himalaya, and Java. The results from various regions showed that P. multifida had a fairly high genetic variation, namely diploid, triploid, and tetraploid types. Therefore cytological and reproductive study on P. multifida from its geographical distribution areas need to be done. The objectives of this research were observe the somatic chromosome number and reproductive type of P. multifida, and to recognize the relationship between morphological variation and its ploidy level as well as stomatal index. Plants were collected from several localities in Bogor. Ploidy level was determined by observing somatic chromosome number by using squash methods. Reproductive type was determined by counting spore number in each sporangium. Morphological characters examined were the stipe, lamina, pinnae, veins, and indusium. Observations of stomata and epidermis of leaves were done by making an incision paradermal leaf. Pteris multifida has two ploidy level and reproduction type, namely apogamous triploid (2n = 87) and sexual tetraploid (2n = 116). The two ploidy level could not be distinguished based on morphological characteristics, but they can be differentiated by their epidermal cells number. Apogamous triploid has fewer number of epidermal cells, the sexual tetraploid has a greater number of epidermis.
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Judul: Study of ISO/IEC 17021:2006 and ISO/TS 22003:2007 for establishing HACCP System Certification Body become Food Safety Management System Certification Body
Abstrak: Raise of demand in food safety guarantee in market requirement which is in line with the improvement of quality of life in our community makes the food safety becomes a vital issue in food industries. Implementation on food safety system for middle and high level food industry now is available for each industry to consistently and comprehensively apply food safety system which requires strong commitment from the company management to implement food safety system, to maintain skillful and knowledgeable human resources on food safety and the sufficient infrastructure. In implementing food safety system like HACCP and ISO 22000, food industry needs to make an initial preparation to apply for certificate of food safety system to a Food Safety Management System Certification Body which has been accredited by National Accreditation Committee, which requires the implementation of ISO 17021:2006 and ISO 22003:2007. Based on the research study of ISO 17021:2006 and ISO 220003:2007 implementation as the accreditation requirement of Food Safety Management System Certification Body, we can conclude that an accredited HACCP System Certification Body based on BSN 1001-1999 Guideline has a strong foundation to implement ISO 17021:2006 and ISO 22003:2007. On the process of developing the requirements of ISO 17021:2006 and ISO 22003:2007 implementation, Food Safety Management System Certification Body has to make improvement and changes in quality manual documents like: management of impartiality, accountability and financial, security committee of impartiality, the resources that involved in certification process, accessible public information, information exchange between institution and client and first certification and audit.
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