Judul: Optimasi Media Produksi Lactobacillus plantarum TSD-10 dengan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Sebagai Probiotik Sapi.
Abstrak: Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) merupakan salah satu mikroorganisme yang sudah umum digunakan sebagai probiotik. Bakteri ini membutuhkan media kompleks untuk tumbuh seperti medium MRS (de Man Rogosa and Sharpe). Media produksi menggunakan MRS biayanya sangat tinggi, diperlukan media alternatif yang efisien dan optimum untuk pertumbuhan probiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan media optimum untuk produksi probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum TSD-10 menggunakan metode Response Surface Methodology (RSM), mengukur viabilitas probiotik, dan menguji aktivitas penghambatan probiotik terhadap Eschericia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Kondisi optimum media produksi L. plantarum dengan jumlah sel sebesar 10.56  109 CFU/mL (CFU = colony forming unit) adalah konsentrasi glukosa 1.48% (w/v), molase 3.72% (v/v), mineral mix 0.34% (w/v), dan protein mix 7.69% (v/v). Viabilitas probiotik pada suhu ruang sangat rendah hanya mampu disimpan selama 2 minggu. Penyimpanan pada refrigerator dapat mempertahankan viabilitas probiotik selama 6 minggu. Aktivitas penghambatan probiotik terhadap E. coli lebih besar dibanding aktivitas penghambatannya terhadap S. aureus.
Keyword: antibakteri, Lactobacillus plantarum TSD-10, media produksi, RSM, viabilitas

Judul: Optimasi Produksi Antimikroba Dari Lactobacillus Plantarum Lipi13-2-Bal011 Dengan Simulasi Permukaan Respon
Abstrak: Lactobacillus plantarum merupakan spesies bakteri asam laktat (BAL) yang telah banyak digunakan sebagai antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan optimasi produksi antimikroba dari L. plantarum LIPI13-2-BAL011 menggunakan simulasi permukaan respon (RSM) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis dan Candida albicans. Optimasi produksi isolat L. plantarum dilakukan dengan kombinasi glukosa, NaCl, inokulum, dan suhu berbeda selama 48 jam. Aktivitas daya hambat dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dan dilusi cair. Isolat L. plantarum LIPI13-2-BAL011 lebih optimal menghasilkan senyawa antimikroba dalam media cair de Mann Rogose Sharpe (MRS) pada keadaan statis. Kondisi optimum produksi antimikroba terhadap S. aureus dengan persen penghambatan representatif 99.34% adalah menggunakan substrat glukosa 1.99%, NaCl 3.01%, inokulum 3.74%, dan suhu 31.6 oC. Kondisi optimum produksi antimikroba terhadap C. albicans dengan indeks zona bening representatif 1.9160 adalah glukosa 1.63%, NaCl 3.4%, inokulum 3.03%, dan suhu 33.74 oC. Kondisi optimum produksi antimikroba terhadap B. subtilis tidak dapat ditentukan dengan faktor dan variabel yang digunakan.
Keyword: antimikroba, Lactobacillus plantarum LIPI13-2-BAL011, RSM

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite