Judul: Correlation Between Abundance of Herbivorous Reef Fish And Benthic Cover Condition in Tunda Island
Abstrak: Pulau Tunda termasuk dalam wilayah Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten dan memiliki potensi ekosistem terumbu karang seperti ikan karang, sebagai penjaga keseimbangan ekosistem ekologis dan estetika lingkungan bawah air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelimpahan ikan karang herbivora di berbagai lokasi pengamatan dan hubungannya dengan komposisi komunitas bentik di Pulau Tunda. Metode pengamatan yang digunakan adalah Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) untuk komunitas bentik dan Underwater Visual Census (UVC) untuk komunitas ikan. Secara umum kondisi terumbu karang Pulau Tunda termasuk kategori sedang, dengan kekayaan jenis ikan 9 spesies dari 2 famili. Lima kategori bentik yang ditemukan dengan tutupan tertinggi oleh abiotik (44,06%-68,38%). Ada 14 lifeform karang keras dengan tutupan tertinggi pada coral massive (16,63%-39,23%). Kelimpahan ikan karang herbivora adalah 47 individu dari famili Scaridae dan Acanthuridae. Berdasarkan perilaku makan, ada kelompok ikan herbivora terbagi menjadi scrapers (66%) dan grazers (34%). Hasil analisis korespondensi menghubungkan grazers dengan Acropora Submassive (ACS), sedangkan scrapers dengan Acropora Tabulate (ACT) dan Dead Coral with Algae (DCA)., Tunda Island is part of the Serang District, Banten Province and has the potential in reef ecosystem such as reef fish, as a keeper of the ecological ecosystems balance and an underwater aesthetic. The purpose of this study is to analyze the abundance of herbivorous coral at various observation sites and its relationship with the bentic community on Tunda Island. The methods used are Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) for the benthic community and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) for fish communities. In general, coral reef conditions in Tunda Island categorized as moderate, with reef fish diversity of 9 species from 2 famili. Five categories of reefs were found with the highest percentage coverage owned by abiotic (44,06%-68,3866%). A total of 14 lifeforms of hard coral growth were found with the highest percentage coverage by massive corals (16,63%-39,23%). The study found 47 herbivorous reef fish, mainly scrapers (66%), and grazers (34%), belonging to the Scaridae and Acanthuridae families. This research highlighted grazers community corespondence to Acropora Submassive (ACS), while scrapers with Acropora Tabulate (ACT) and Dead Coral with Algae (DCA).
Keyword: Benthic Communities, Hard Coral, Herbivorous Reef Fish, Grouping

Judul: Community Structure of Reef Fish in Coral Reef Ecosystem on Tidung Island, DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem produktif untuk perikanan dan organisme akuatik lainnya. Ekosistem terumbu karang menjadi habitat vital bagi komunitas ikan khususnya ikan terumbu. Ikan terumbu adalah komponen penting di lingkungan perairan, keberadaan komunitas ikan terumbu pada ekosistem terumbu karang penting untuk diketahui, karena peran dan fungsi secara ekologi ikan dalam menjaga kestabilan komunitas terumbu karang dan keseimbangan komponen penyusun ekosistem terumbu karang lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur komunitas ikan terumbu di Pulau Tidung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pulau Tidung pada tanggal 9 - 12 Juni 2022. Metode pengambilan data ikan terumbu menggunakan Underwater Visual Census (UVC) dengan transek 50 meter, dan diletakkan tiga transek di setiap stasiunnya. Data ikan terumbu dianalisis dengan tiga indeks komunitas, yaitu indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, dan indeks dominansi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 3982 individu ikan terumbu, 24 famili dan 91 spesies. Komposisi ikan indikator sebesar 2,44%, target 17,20%, dan ikan mayor sebesar 80,36% dari total individu yang ditemukan. Nilai rata-rata indeks keanekaragaman 2,77, keseragaman sebesar 0,88, dan dominansi 0,08. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi komunitas ikan terumbu di Pulau Tidung tergolong baik, stabil, dan tidak ada dominansi antar spesies., Coral reef ecosystems are productive ecosystems for fisheries and other aquatic organisms. Coral reef ecosystems are vital habitats for fish communities, especially reef fish. Reef fish are important components in the aquatic environment, the existence of coral fish communities in coral reef ecosystems is important to know, because of the ecological role and function of fish in maintaining the stability of coral reef communities and the balance of other components of coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to determine the structure of the reef fish community on Tidung Island. This research was conducted on Tidung Island from 9 June to 12 June 2022. The reef fish data collection method uses Underwater Visual Census (UVC) with a 50 meter transect, and placed three transects at each station. Reef fish data were analyzed with three community indices, namely diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index. The results of the study found 3982 individuals of reef fish, 24 families and 91 species. The composition of indicator fish is 2,44%, target is 17,20%, and major fish is 80,36% of the total individuals found. The average value of diversity index is 2,77, uniformity is 0,88, and dominance is 0,08. This value indicates that the condition of the reef fish community on Tidung Island is good, stable, and there is no dominance between species.
Keyword: Community structure, reef fish, Tidung Island, Underwater Visual Census

Judul: Katalis Eterifikasi Gliserol Berbasis Poli–(asam stirena sulfonat) dari Limbah Styrofoam.
Abstrak: Styrofoam waste can be converted to poly–(sulfonate styrene acid) (PSSA) that can be used as catalyst. The objective of this research is to get PSSA that can catalyze the etherification of glycerol and benzyl alcohol. The styrofoam waste was converted to PSSA by reacting with H2SO4 98% (as sulfonation agent) and P2O5 (as sulfonation catalyst) at 40 °C for 6 hours. Characterizations of PSSA included functional groups, sulfonation levels, water swelling, and thermal stability. The yield of PSSA was 40-55%. The success of sulfonated polystyrene was shown by –SO3H group absorption at 1157.29 cm-1. Etherification of glycerol and benzyl alcohol using PSSA catalyst was conducted at 110 °C for 12 hours. The conversion in producing mono–benzyl ether glycerol was 8.10%, 1,3–dibenzyletherglycerol 2.60%, and dibenzyl ether 9.80%. Therefore, the PSSA can be used as etherification catalyst.
Keyword: benzyl alcohol, etherification, glycerol, polystyrene, PSSA