Judul: Analysis of the Impact of Regional Trade Agreement (RTA) on Export of Indonesian Processing Industry in ASEAN+3 Region
Abstrak: Perdagangan internasional merupakan bagian penting dari proses globalisasi. Regional Trade Agreement berperan sebagai katalisator dalam mengurangi hambatan tarif maupun non tarif untuk mengoptimalkan perdagangan dan saling melengkapi dari industri masing-masing negara. ekspor industri pengolahan menjadi salah satu kontributor utama dalam nilai perdagangan ASEAN+3. Ekspor sektor industri pengolahan Indonesia ke ASEAN+3 mencapai 57 persen dari total nilai ekspor Indonesia ke ASEAN+3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efisiensi ekspor industri pengolahan Indonesia ke kawasan ASEAN+3 akibat adanya RTA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah stochastic frontier gravity model dengan data yang digunakan berupa data panel nilai ekspor industri pengolahan Indonesia periode 1999-2020. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa variabel GDP riil negara mitra dagang, GDP riil Indonesia, jarak ekonomi, trade openness, populasi, dan RTA ASEAN-Jepang memengaruhi nilai ekspor industri pengolahan Indonesia. Sedangkan, variabel real exchange rate dan RTA ASEAN-China tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai ekspor industri pengolahan Indonesia. Nilai efisiensi ekspor industri pengolahan Indonesia ke mitra dagang selama periode penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang terus menurun setiap tahunnya dengan rata-rata nilai efisiensinya mencapai 0.32. Kata kunci: ASEAN+3, efisiensi, ekspor industri pengolahan, RTA, Stochastic frontier gravity model, International trade is an important part of the globalization process. Regional Trade Agreements acts as a catalyst for reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers to optimize trade and complement each other's industries. Exports og processing industry has become one of the main contributors to the value of ASEAN+3 trade. Exports of Indonesia's processing industry to ASEAN+3 reached 57 percent of the total value of Indonesia's exports to ASEAN+3. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors affecting the export efficiency of Indonesia’s processing industry to the ASEAN+3 region as a result on RTA. The method used in this study is the stochastic frontier gravity model using with panel data on the export value of Indonesia's processing industry for the period of 1999-2020. The results of the analysis showed that the variables of real GDP of trade partner countries, real GDP of Indonesia, economic distance, trade openness, population and the ASEAN-Japan RTA affect the export value of Indonesian processing industry exports. Meanwhile, the real exchange rate variable and ASEAN-China RTA did not affect the value of Indonesia’s processing industry exports. The value of efficiency of Indonesia’s processing industry exports to trade partners during the study period shows results that continued to decrease each year, with an average efficiency value of 0.32.
Keyword: ASEAN+3, efficiency, processing industry exports, RTA, Stochastic frontier gravity model

Judul: Analysis of the Efficiency and Determinants of Indonesia's Ten Largest Agricultural Commodities Exports to ASEAN+3 Countries
Abstrak: Ekspor Indonesia ke ASEAN+3 memiliki porsi yang sangat besar. Sektor pertanian menjadi salah satu sektor penting sebagai penyumbang surplus terhadap neraca perdagangan bahkan menjadi sektor yang berhasil bertahan ditengah pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis determinan ekspor sepuluh komoditas pertanian terbesar Indonesia ke negara mitra dagangnya serta nilai efisiensi ekspornya. Metode yang digunakan adalah stochastic frontier gravity model dengan data panel berupa nilai ekspor sepuluh komoditas pertanian terbesar Indonesia ke 12 negara di kawasan ASEAN+3 periode 2000 – 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variabel GDP riil Indonesia dan GDP riil negara mitra dagang, trade openness dan nilai tukar riil negara mitra dagang berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai ekspor. Sedangkan, variabel jarak ekonomi berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai ekspor. Rata-rata nilai efisiensi ekspor sepuluh komoditas pertanian terbesar Indonesia ke negara di ASEAN+3 yakni sebesar 0,37., Indonesia's exports to ASEAN+3 have a considerable portion. The agricultural sector has become one of the essential sectors as a surplus contributor to the trade balance. It has even become a sector that has managed to survive amid the Covid-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the determinants of exports of Indonesia's ten largest agricultural commodities to its trading partner countries and the value of their export efficiency. The method used is a stochastic frontier gravity model with panel data in the form of the export value of Indonesia's ten largest agricultural commodities to 12 countries in the ASEAN+3 region for the period of 2000 – 2021. The result showed that the average export efficiency value of Indonesia’s ten largest agricultural commodities to countries in ASEAN+3 is 0,37. Furthermore, the results showed that the variables of Indonesia's real GDP and the real GDP of trading partner countries, trade openness, and the real exchange rate of trading partner countries have positively affected on the export values. Meanwhile, the economic distance variable has a negative impact on export values.
Keyword: ASEAN+3, Efficiency Export, Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model, Ten Largest Agricultural Commodities

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology