Judul: Perbandingan Risiko Insolvensi Perbankan Konvensional dan Syariah (Studi Kasus: Indonesia).
Abstrak: Berdasarkan sistem operasionalnya, Indonesia menganut sistem perbankan ganda yaitu konvensional dan syariah. Penerapan sistem bagi hasil dianggap telah menyelamatkan perbankan syariah dari krisis keuangan pada tahun 1998. Namun, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tersebut mendorong perbankan syariah mengambil lebih banyak risiko sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kegagalan bank. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji perbedaan risiko insolvensi perbankan konvensional dan syariah di Indonesia periode 2009 sampai 2018. Dengan menggunakan Z-score sebagai indikator risiko insolvensi dari kedua perbankan, hasil uji beda menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik perbankan konvensional memiliki risiko insolvensi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan syariah. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh perbankan konvensional memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik dalam menciptakan keuntungan dan menyediakan modal untuk mengatasi risiko kerugian.
Keyword: perbankan konvensional, perbankan syariah, risiko insolvensi, uji beda, Z-score

Judul: Determinants of Islamic and Conventional Banking Insolvency Risk: Study Case in Indonesia
Abstrak: Risiko insolvensi memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan dan keberlanjutan industri perbankan. Penurunan kinerja keuangan akibat pandemi Covid-19 mengindikasikan bank rentan terhadap risiko insolvensi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perkembangan dan menganalisis determinan risiko insolvensi pada perbankan syariah dan konvensional periode 2018 sampai 2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah Z-score, X-score, G-score dan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor internal yaitu Loans to Assets pada Bank Umum Konvensional (BUK) Big Four berpengaruh negatif signifikan, Cost Income Ratio pada BUK berpengaruh negatif signifikan, Income Diversity tidak berpengaruh signifikan dan Total Aset pada Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai Z-score. Faktor eksternal yaitu Produk Domestik Bruto pada BUS dan BUK berpengaruh negatif signifikan dan Suku Bunga pada BUK berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai Z-score. Perbankan syariah dan konvensional perlu menjaga tingkat kesehatan bank melalui penguatan permodalan, mempertahankan faktor-faktor yang signifikan terhadap Z score serta penelitian lanjutan dengan variabel dan objek yang lebih beragam untuk efisiensi dan stabilitas yang lebih baik., Insolvency risk has an important part in the development and sustainability of the banking industry. The fall in financial parameters due to the Covid-19 outbreak suggests that banks are at risk of insolvency. The purpose of study is to detect and assess developments in insolvency risk in Islamic and conventional banking between 2018 and 2023. Z-score, X-score, G-score, and panel data regression were the methods used. The results indicate that internal factors, namely Loans to Assets at the Big Four Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK), Cost Income Ratio at BUK, Income Diversity, and Total Assets at Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS), have a significant negative effect on the Z-score value. External factors, namely Gross Domestic Product at BUS and BUK, have a substantial negative effect, and Interest Rates at BUK have a significant positive effect on the Z-score value. Islamic and conventional banking must preserve the bank's health by increasing capital, retaining factors important to the Z-score, and conducting additional research with more diversified variables and objects to improve efficiency and stability.
Keyword: BUK, BUS, determinants of insolvency risk

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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