Judul: Impact of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) on Productivity of Dairy Cows in Pangalengan Subdistrict and its Management Strategy
Abstrak: Penyakit Mulut dan Kuku (PMK) menjadi masalah yang besar untuk sentra peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Pangalengan karena dampaknya terhadap penurunan produktivitas sapi perah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dampak PMK dan strategi penanganan pada ternak sapi perah anggota Koperasi Peternakan Bandung Selatan (KPBS) Pangalengan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei kepada peternak anggota KPBS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 50 responden 46% anggota KPBS berusia >45 tahun, 66% tingkat pendidikan terakhir Sekolah Dasar (SD), 34% memiliki pengalaman beternak selama 21-30 tahun. Sebelum wabah PMK, total populasi ternak responden sejumlah 218 ekor. Saat wabah terjadi, 66% (143 ekor) diantaranya terjangkit PMK, 34% (75 ekor) lainnya dinyatakan bebas PMK. Produksi susu harian mengalami penurunan, sebelum wabah didapatkan 1926 kg hari-1, fase saat wabah berlangsung turun 51% menjadi 942 kg hari-1, fase setelah wabah produksi susu mengalami kenaikan menjadi 1695 kg hari-1. Produksi susu menurun karena kebutuhan nutrien induk sapi perah tidak tercukupi disebabkan mulut melepuh dan kuku kaki yang lepas, akibatnya hewan ternak tidak bisa makan. Pencegahan yang dilakukan peternak yaitu dengan pembatasan terhadap lingkungan luar, vaksinasi, sanitasi dan praktik biosekuriti. Tindakan penanganan yang dilakukan pada ternak terinfeksi PMK yaitu penyemprotan obat pada bagian tubuh ternak yang luka dengan tujuan agar luka tersebut bisa cepat kering., Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a major problem for dairy farming centers in Pangalengan Subdistrict because of its impact on reducing dairy cattle productivity. This study aims to evaluate the impact of FMD and management strategies on dairy cattle members of Koperasi Peternakan Bandung Selatan (KPBS). The research was conducted using a survey method to KPBS members. The results showed that out of 50 respondents, 46% of KPBS members were >45 years old, 66% were elementary school graduates, and 34% had 21-30 years of experience. Before the FMD outbreak, the total livestock population of respondents was 218 heads. During the outbreak, 66% were infected with FMD, 34% were FMD-free. Daily milk production decreased, before the outbreak it was 1926 kg day-1, during the outbreak it decreased by 51% to 942 kg day-1, after the outbreak milk production increased to 1695 kg day-1. Milk production decreases because the nutrient needs of dairy cows are not met due to mouth blisters and loose toenails, as a result the cattle cannot eat. Prevention is by limiting the external environment, vaccination, sanitation and biosecurity practices. The treatment for FMD infected livestock is spraying medicine on the wounded body part with the aim that the wound dries quickly.
Keyword: Dairy Cows, FMD, KPBS Pangalengan

Judul: Impact of Food and Mouth Disease on the Maintenance Management and Income of Beef Cattle Farmers
Abstrak: Wabah penyakit mulut dan kuku (PMK) berdampak terhadap perekonomian peternak. Untuk mencegah kerugian yang lebih besar maka diperlukan analisis terhadap manajemen pemeliharaan dan pendapatan peternak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh wabah PMK terhadap manajemen pemeliharaan, kondisi ternak, dan tingkat pendapatan peternak di PT Fortuna Megah Perkasa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara. Aspek pemeliharaan yang diamati meliputi biosecurity, perkandangan, pemberian pakan, tingkat morbiditas, dan mortalitas. Analisis finansial dan perkiraan tingkat kerugian juga diperhitungkan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Penyebaran virus PMK berdampak terhadap usaha di PT Fortuna Megah Perkasa. Penerapan biosecurity menjadi lebih baik akibat ditemukannya ternak yang terinfeksi. Sistem perkandangan dan manajemen pemberian pakan berjalan sesuai prosedur. Tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas tergolong rendah. Pendapatan di PT Fortuna Megah Perkasa mengalami penurunan akibat wabah PMK., Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) outbreaks have an impact on the farmer's economy. To prevent greater losses, it is necessary to analyze the maintenance management and farmer's economy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of FMD outbreaks on maintenance management, livestock conditions, and income levels of farmers at PT Fortuna Megah Perkasa. The research method used is a case study. Research conducted by interview. The observed aspects of maintenance include biosecurity, cage, feeding, morbidity, and mortality. Financial analysis and estimated losses are also accounted. Data were analyzed descriptively. The spread of the FMD virus had an impact on the business at PT Fortuna Megah Perkasa. The application of biosecurity is getting better due to the discovery of infected livestock. However, there is no change in the housing system and feeding management. The morbidity and mortality rates are low. Revenue at PT Fortuna Megah Perkasa has decreased due to the FMD outbreak.
Keyword: beef cattle, farmer’s income, foot and mouth disease

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology