Judul: Development of Seed Vigour Test with Radicle Emergence for IPB Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) using Digital Image Processing
Abstrak: Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi, kemajuan pengujian benih juga ikut mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu implementasi teknologi dalam pengujian benih adalah dengan menggunakan pengolahan citra digital. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji cepat vigor dengan metode pemunculan radikula (Radicle Emergence) pada benih jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) koleksi IPB dengan menggunakan pengolahan citra digital. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Mutu Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura (AGH), Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan empat ulangan. Benih jagung manis diperoleh dari koleksi Divisi Pemuliaan Tanaman IPB. Pengamatan dimulai jam 58 hingga 74 jam setelah pengecambahan. Terdapat empat kategori panjang radikula yang digunakan, yaitu kriteria panjang radikula ≥ 1 mm, panjang radikula ≥ 2 mm, panjang radikula ≥ 50% panjang benih, dan panjang radikula ≥ panjang benih. Persamaan yang diperoleh dari analisis regresi belum dapat digunakan untuk menduga RE pada benih jagung manis dengan indeks vigor sangat rendah dengan tingkat viabilitas sedang. Periode pengecambahan 60 sampai 64 jam dapat digunakan sebagai acuan awal untuk pengembangan metode uji cepat radicle emergence menggunakan pengolahan citra digital., Along with the development of technology, the progress of seed testing has also increased. One of the technology implementations in seed testing is to use digital image processing. The aim of the study was to develop a vigor rapid test method using the radicle emergence method on IPB sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) seeds using digital image processing. The study was conducted at the Seed Storage and Quality Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (AGH), Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University from January to May 2023. This study used a randomized complete block design with four replications. Sweet corn seeds were obtained from the collection of the Plant Breeding Division of IPB. Observations began 58 to 74 hours after germination. There are four categories of radicle length used, namely the criteria for radicle length ≥ 1 mm, radicle length ≥ 2 mm, radicle length ≥ 50% of seed length, and radicle length ≥ seed length. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, the RE percentage values in the four categories of radicle length produced had a significant correlation with the vigor index (IV) benchmark. The equations obtained from the regression analysis cannot be used to predict RE in sweet corn seeds with a very low vigor index and moderate viability. The germination period of 60 until 64 hours can be used as an initial reference for developing radicle emergence (RE) rapid test methods using digital image processing.
Keyword: germination period, ImageJ, percentage of radicula growth amount, radicle length, strain

Judul: Development of Radicle Emergence Test on  Soybean Seeds (Glycine max L.) using Digital Image Processing
Abstrak: Pengolahan citra digital merupakan suatu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mutu benih dalam waktu singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode pengujian cepat vigor pada benih kedelai (Glycine maxL.) menggunakan metode pemunculan radikula atau radicle emergence (RE) dengan pengolahan citra digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan empat ulangan dan dikecambahkan pada suhu 25 ± 2 ºC. Pengambilan citra dilakukan setiap dua jam sekali dalam rentang waktu 36-54 jam setelah benih dikecambahkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengamati jumlah benih yang memiliki panjang radikula = 2 mm. Data panjang radikula tersebut kemudian dianalisis korelasi dan regresi terhadap tolok ukur mutu fisiologis benih, antara lain daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, potensi tumbuh maksimum, kecepatan tumbuh, dan mean radicle emergence time (MRET). Penelitian yang dilakukan memperoleh hubungan korelasi kuat antara panjang radikula = 2 mm dengan tolok ukur indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh, dan MRET pada benih kontrol serta korelasi kuat pada tolok ukur daya berkecambah dan indeks vigor pada cekaman salinitas NaCl konsentrasi 0,35% dan 0,7%. Korelasi kuat antara panjang radikula = 2 mm dengan tolok ukur vigor benih lainnya pada waktu pengecambahan 44 jam., Digital image processing is a technique that can be used to identify seed quality in a short time. This research aims to develop a rapid vigor testing method for soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds using the radicle emergence (RE) method with digital image processing. This research used a randomized complete group design with one factor with four replications and germinated at 25 ± 2 ºC. Images were taken every two hours within 36-54 hours after the seeds were germinated. This research was conducted by observing the number of seeds that had radicle length = 2 mm. The radicle length data was then analyzed for correlation and regression against the benchmarks of seed physiological quality, including germination, vigor index, maximum growth potential, growth speed, and mean radicle emergence time (MRET). The research conducted obtained a strong correlation on the benchmarks of vigor index, growth speed, and MRET in control seeds and a strong correlation on the benchmarks of germination and vigor index under NaCl salinity stress concentrations of 0.35% and 0.7%. Strong correlation between radicle length = 2 mm and other seed vigor benchmarks at germination time of 44 hours.
Keyword: ImageJ, percentage of radicula growth amount, germination period, seed viability, seed vigor

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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