Judul: Daily Catch Pattern of Ricefield  Rat using Trap Barrier System in Kiarasari Village, Compreng, Subang.
Abstrak: Tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman pangan penting yang menjadi makanan pokok lebih dari setengah penduduk dunia karena mengandung nutrisi yang diperlukan tubuh. Salah satu hama yang menyerang tanaman padi yaitu tikus sawah (Rattus argentiventer), yang hampir di setiap musim tanam menyebabkan kerusakan dan berkurangnya hasil panen. Metode pengendalian yang dapat digunakan yaitu Trap Barrier System (TBS) atau sistem perangkap bubu dan pagar yaitu teknik pengendalian tikus yang mampu menangkap banyak tikus sawah terus menerus selama musim tanam sejak tanam hingga panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung dan mengidentifikasi tikus yang tertangkap pada TBS, mengidentifikasi sumber serangan dan mengkalkulasi luas serangan tikus sawah. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Oktober 2021 hingga Januari 2022, pada 1 hektar lahan sawah dan dilakukan pengamatan tikus yang tertangkap bubu setiap harinya. Semua tikus yang tertangkap perangkap bubu adalah Rattus argentiventer. Total tikus sawah yang diperoleh sebanyak 4.580 ekor, terdiri atas 2.623 ekor jantan (57,37%) dan 1.957 ekor betina (42,73%). Dari jumlah tersebut tikus dewasa dan pradewasa yang tertangkap sebanyak 4.313 ekor (94,17%) dan 267 ekor (5,83%). Intensitas serangan tikus rata-rata 14,92% dan jumlah tikus terbanyak yang tertangkap pada perangkap No. 9 dan 8 yang terletak di sisi timur karena memiliki banyak tempat bersarang yang cocok untuk tikus sawah. Rasio B/C dari penggunaan TBS adalah 38,57 sangat layak untuk diterapkan., Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important food crop that, become a staple food for more than half of the world's population because of its richness nutrients. The most important pest that attacks rice crops is ricefield rat (Rattus argentiventer), which causes damage and yield losses in almost every growing season. Trap Barrier System (TBS) one of the most used control methods which combines bamboo fences and multiple live trap, effectively catching many ricefield rats continuously from planting to harvesting. The objectives of this study were to count and identify rats caught in TBS, as well as to identify the source of the attack and its intensity. The study was conducted from October 2021 to January 2022, on one hectare of paddy field and observation the number of the was carried out daily. Based on the morphometrics and body color, all rats caught in multiple live trap is R. argentiventer. Its total 4.580 heads, consisting of male 2.623 heads (57,27%) and female 1.957 heads (42,73%). Of the total catch, 4.313 heads (94,17%) were adults and 267 heads (5,83%) were pre-adults. In addition the average intensity of rats’ attacks was 14,92% and the highest number of rats were caught in traps No. 9 and 8 which were located on the east side and contained many suitable hideouts for ricefield rast. The B/C ratio from the use of TBS was 38,57 suggesting that the method is strongly for implementation.
Keyword: management of rat, Rattus argentiventer, TBS

Judul: Pola Pergerakan Tikus pada Perlakuan Linear Trap Barrier System (LTBS) di antara Ekosistem Sawah dan Kelapa Sawit
Abstrak: Upaya peningkatan hasil panen dan luas lahan berkorelasi terhadap populasi hama tikus yang menyerang padi dan tandan sawit, sehingga dibutuhkan pendekatan alternatif sebagai langkah awal pengendalian tikus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis pola pergerakan tikus di antara ekosistem sawah dan kelapa sawit. Sebanyak tiga unit LTBS dipasang di antara sawah dan kebun kelapa sawit selama 107 hari, satu unit terdiri atas enam multiple live trap. Dilakukan pengamatan pergerakan tikus, serangan tikus di sawah dan kebun kelapa sawit, serta manajemen hama oleh petani. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pergerakan tikus paling tinggi terjadi pada stadia awal generatif. Stadia pertumbuhan padi memengaruhi nisbah kelamin tikus, namun tidak dengan arah pergerakannya. LTBS terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi tingkat serangan tikus. Meskipun demikian, tingkat pengetahuan dan sikap petani merupakan kelemahan utama dalam mengendalikan hama. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam pengembangan strategi pengendalian yang lebih efektif dan tepat sasaran., Efforts to increase crop yields and land area correlate with rat populations attacking rice and oil palm bunches, so an alternative approach is needed as a first step in rat control. This study aims to identify and analyze the movement patterns of rats between rice and oil palm ecosystems. A total of three LTBS units were installed between rice fields and oil palm plantations for 107 days, one unit consisting of six multiple live traps. Observations were made on rat movement, rat infestation in rice fields and oil palm plantations, and pest management by farmers. The results showed that the highest rat movement pattern occurred in the early generative stage. Stadia of rice growth affected the sex ratio of rats, but not the direction of movement. LTBS proved effective in reducing the level of rat infestation. However, the level of knowledge and attitude of farmers are the main weaknesses in controlling pests. The results of this study can be used as a reference in developing more effective and targeted control strategies.
Keyword: multiple live trap, pest management, rat infestation

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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