Judul: Impacts of mining activities to regional development: case study in Bontang City and East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan Province.
Abstrak: Bontang City and East Kutai Regency are situated in East Kalimantan Province based on UU No 22 1999 on Regional Autonomy, these two areas became autonomous government bodies since 2001. According to the natural characteristics, these areas include great mining resources, such as coal, oil and gas. These natural resources are non-renewable resources beneath soil resources, while the soils are one of some important life support system, hence mining of these resources should be carried out in wise and proper manners. Mining activities are aimed to get revenues for people prosperity, however mining activities in some area produce some negative impacts, both in physical and social-economical impacts, especially to the environment and people in surrounding mining area. Related to these background the objectives of this study are to analyze local development impacts, especially on economic growth, community development, and suitability of spatial planning in these two areas. The results of this study indicates that mining activities in both areas have provided great contribution to development programs, as indicated by economical structure of both areas. Furthermore, if be analyzed into detail, processing industry of mining is one of the basic economic sector in Bontang City which contributed 86.46% of the Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) in 2003. Meanwhile mining is the basic sector of the East Kutai Regency, that contributes 64.31% to the GDRP in 2003. However benefits of mining activities to the people communities are still less significant. This is indicated by the community welfare of the people surrounding the mining areas are low. Dealing with this issue some indicators could be seen such as the low absorption of local employment, small businesses growth, low increase of local human resources, lack of road building, lack of education and health facilities. These phenomena due to some causes, one of them is that the community development programs of the mining companies are mostly touched higher-level society. Related to the legal institution, the mining license procedures is still less synchronic in the coordination between sectors, or between central government and local government. Therefore some licenses of the mining location do not considered actual spatial planning (Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah), existence of land tenure, and lack of socialization to the community of surrounding the mining areas. In addition the mining activities create some conflicts between people and the companies and between forestry sector and mining sector. These conflicts are caused by some reasons, among others: land-use overlapping between people’s land and mining land, low absorption local human resources in mining activities, and low contribution in community welfare development in surrounding the mining areas and misuse forestry area for mining., Kota Bontang dan Kabupaten Kutai Timur merupakan daerah otonom yang terbentuk pada tahun 2001 dengan potensi sumberdaya alam tambang yang besar antara lain batubara, minyak, dan gas. Bahan galian tambang merupakan sumberdaya alam yang tidak dapat diperbaharui yang dalam pengelolaannya dapat memberikan dampak positif maupun dampak negatif. Oleh karena itu, pengelolaan bahan galian tambang harus dilakukan secara bijaksana agar dapat memberikan manfaat yang optimal bagi pembangunan daerah dan masyarakat yang berada di sekitar lokasi pertambangan. Sehubungan dengan
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Judul: Design of policies and management strategy of sustainable post coal mining areas (case study Kutai Kartanegara Regency)
Abstrak: Provinsi Kalimantan Timur (Kaltim) merupakan salah satu penghasil batubara terbesar di Indonesia. Deposit batubara di Kalimantan Timur mencapai sekitar 19,5 miliar ton (sekitar 54,4 % dari seluruh total produksi batubara di Indonesia), dengan temuan cadangan yang dapat dieksploitasi mencapai 2,4 miliar ton. Perkembangan produksi batubara di Kalimantan Timur sejak tahun 2003 terus mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya. Pada tahun 2008 produksi batubara mencapai 118.853.758 ton. Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara merupakan daerah penghasil batubara di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Pada tahun 2006 produksi batubara di kabupaten ini mencapai 13,21 juta metrik ton dan 15,59 juta metrik ton pada tahun 2007. Angka ini memberikan kontribusi sekitar 12% dari total produksi batubara di Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara memiliki masalah dalam pengelolaan kawasan pasca tambang batubara dalam konteks kualitas lingkungan, ekonomi dan sosial. Kebijakan pengelolaan kawasan pasca tambang batubara akhirnya dinilai belum terintegrasi dengan pengelolaan lingkungan pasca tambang batubara menyebabkan peningkatan kerusakan lahan setiap tahunnya. Kebijakan dan Strategi pengelolaan kawasan pasca tambang batubara semestinya tetap mempertimbangkan keseimbangan tiga dimensi utama yaitu ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial agar berkelanjutan. Untuk itu diperlukan penelitian kebijakan dan strategi pengelolaan lingkungan kawasan pasca tambang batubara berkelanjutan. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah merancang kebijakan dan strategi pengelolaan kawasan pasca tambang batubara berkelanjutan sehingga terwujud peningkatan kualitas lingkungan, peningkatan ekonomi dan keamanan sosial masyarakat di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Hal ini dapat diuraikan ke dalam tujuan operasional sebagai berikut: (1) Mengetahui kondisi saat ini faktor fisik-lingkungan meliputi tanah, air, dan vegetasi, (2) Mengetahui indeks keberlanjutan pasca tambang batubara berdasarkan dimensi ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial, (3) Menganalisis kebijakan dengan mengidentifikasi kebutuhan stakeholder dalam pengelolaan kawasan pasca tambang batubara di masa mendatang dengan mengetahui faktor kunci keberlanjutan, dan (4) Menyusun arahan kebijakan dan strategi implementasi dalam pengelolaan kawasan pasca tambang batubara berkelanjutan. Tujuan utama maupun tujuan operasional hanya dapat diketahui dengan: (1) Menganalisis faktor fisik lingkungan meliputi tanah, air dan vegetasi, (2) Mengukur indeks tingkat keberlanjutan kondisi terkini pasca tambang batubara dengan dimensi ekologi, dimensi ekonomi dan dimensi sosial, (3) Mengetahui faktor kunci pengelolaan kawasan pasca tambang batubara, dan (4) Merumuskan arahan alternatif kebijakan dan strategi implementasinya.
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Judul: Validasi metode analisis kolesterol menggunakan HPLC–ELSD dengan matriks sampel telur ayam
Abstrak: A high-performance liquid chomatography (HPLC) method for the separation and quantification of cholesterol using an evaporative light-scattering detector (ELSD) is described. Detection of cholesterol was achieved in 1,50 until 1,53 minutes using cholesterol standard. A simplified binary mobile phase mixture of hexane and isopropanol (90:10) was used to separate cholesterol. Detection was accomplished with an ELSD, with the following settings: evaporation temperature 50 ºC, air pressure 2,2 bars, flow rate of mobile phase 2 mL/min and grain 7. A calibration curve was obtained from 0 to 5000 μg/g sample, the linear equation of cholesterol is y = 35,58x - 3140, with a correlation coefficient of 0,997. Instrument detection limit (IDL) was 1,07 μg/mL and limit of quantitation (LOQ) was 3,56 μg/mL. Recovery by spikin cholesterol standard in egg sample at low concentration was 122,13%, medium concentration was 108,23%, and high concentration was 44,71%. Methode detection limit (MDL) value was 2,30 μg/g sample. With intra reproducibility value was 0,04%.
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