Judul: Influence of Various Organic Wastes on Growth Performance and Nutrient Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens): A Meta-analysis
Abstrak: Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens) atau maggot merupakan serangga yang berpotensi sebagai sumber pakan protein. Pertumbuhan dan komposisi nutrien maggot bergantung dengan substrat pertumbuhannya. Umumnya, substrat adalah limbah-limbah organik karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah dan murah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pemanfaatan berbagai limbah sebagai substrat pertumbuhan maggot terhadap performa tumbuh dan kandungan nutrien pada maggot secara meta-analisis. Tahapan pertama pada metodei, database disusun dengan mengintegrasikan 47 studi dari 13 artikel jurnal yang telah dipublikasi. Artikel-artikel tersebut didapatkan dari beberapa database elektronik yaitu Science Direct dan Google Scholar. Substrat-substrat organik kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu, limbah makanan, pakan, feses, dan yang lainnya (substrat-substrat yang tidak termasuk pada 3 kelompok sebelumnya). Kelompok-kelompok substrat tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA dengan uji lanjut Duncan jika terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa substrat limbah makanan dan pakan memiliki persentase indeks reduksi limbah dan tingkat konversi limbah yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok substrat feses dan lainnya (P<0.05). Kelompok substrat pakan menunjukan nilai jumlah panen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan substrat limbah makanan (P<0.05). Disamping itu, kandungan nutrien bahan kering, abu, protein kasar dan lemak kasar maggot tidak dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh variasi kelompok substrat yang digunakan. Sehinggga dapat disimpulkan, komposisi nutrien substrat mempengaruhi kecepatan performa tumbuh dan bobot panen maggot namun tidak mempengaruhi komposisi nutrien maggot., Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens) is a potential protein source in animal feed. The development and nutrient composition of maggot depend on its substrate. Generally, substrates are organic wastes because of their abundant and inexpensive availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various organic wastes as substrates on growth performance and nutrient composition of maggot across various studies by employing a meta-analysis method. The first of method, a database was developed by integrating data from 47 studies that derived from 13 articles. The articles were derived from several electronic databases such as Science Direct and Google Scholar. Organic substrates were categorized into four groups, i.e., food waste, animal feed, faeces, and other substrates (those which could not be included into the previous three groups). These groups were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance and continued with the Duncan multiple range test to compare among different group means. The results showed that food waste and animal feed substrates had higher percentage of waste reduction index and conversion rate as compared to those of faeces and other substrates (P<0.05). Animal feed substrate had higher prepupal yield mass of maggot than that of food waste substrate (P<0.05). In regard to nutrient composition of the maggot, dry matter, ash, crude protein, and ether extract composition of the insect species were not influenced by the different substrates and revealed relatively similar values. In conclusion, a more nutritious substrate leads to a faster growth and a higher mass yield of maggot, but it does not alter nutrient composition of the insect.
Keyword: black soldier fly, bio-conversion, feed, organic by-product

Judul: Bioconversion and Characteristics of Black Soldier Fly Nutrition (Hermetia illucens) with Different Ratio of Protein and Energy Substrate
Abstrak: Media tumbuh akan mempengaruhi keberhasilan produksi dan kualitas nutrisi dari maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh biokonversi dan kandungan nutrisi maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) dengan rasio protein dan energi substrat yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan dua perlakuan dan enam ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah P1 = pakan protein rendah (protein : energi 21%:79%) dan P2 = pakan protein tinggi (protein : energi 26%:74%). Parameter yang diamati adalah kandungan nutrisi maggot yang meliputi bahan kering, abu, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, gross energy, asam amino, biokonversi, dan korelasi nutrisi substrat terhadap nutrisi maggot. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan independent sample T-Test dengan menggunakan software SPSS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara nilai biokonversi dan kandungan nutrisi substrat dengan maggot yang memiliki perbedaan nyata (P<0,05) pada kualitas nutrisi (protein kasar dan lemak kasar). Namun tidak menunjukkan hasil yang nyata (P>0,05) pada nilai biokonversi, kualitas nutrisi (abu, serat kasar, BETN, gross energy). Kesimpulannya, perbandingan kedua perlakuan protein serta energi substrat yang berbeda akan menghasilkan biokonversi yang tidak berbeda nyata. Perlakuan protein tinggi (79%:21%) lebih berpengaruh nyata terhadap nutrien maggot yang dihasilkan dengan kandungan protein kasar lebih tinggi dan lemak kasar lebih rendah., The growth media will affect the success of the production and quality of nutrients from the maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of bioconversion and nutrient content of maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) with different ratios of protein and energy substrates. This study used a completely randomized design with two treatments and six replications. The treatments used in this study were P1 = low protein feed (protein : energy 21%:79%) and P2 = high protein feed (protein : energy 26%:74%). The parameters observed were maggot nutrient content including dry matter, ash, crude protein, ether extract, crude fiber, gross energy, amino acids, bioconversion, and the correlation of substrate nutrients to maggot nutrients. The data obtained were analyzed by independent sample T-Test using SPSS software. The results showed that there was a positive correlation between the bioconversion value and the nutrient content of the substrate with maggot having a significant difference (P<0.05) in nutritional quality (crude protein and ether extract). However, it showed no significant results (P>0.05) on bioconversion value, nutritional quality (ash, crude fiber, BETN, gross energy). In conclusion, the two substrate treatments with different protein and energy ratios would result in different bioconversion. The high protein treatment (79%:21%) had a more significant effect on the maggot nutrients produced with a higher crude protein content and lower ether extract.
Keyword: bioconversion, maggot, nutrition, substrate

Judul: Analisis dan Implementasi Certificate Authorities (CA) pada Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Abstrak: Secure Telephone Protocol has ability to authenticate involved party and keep the secrecy of the message sent over the protocol. The secrecy of the message archieved by using symmetric key cryptographic scheme, and authentication archieved using public key cryptographic scheme. One of several party involved in the protocol and hold an important function called Certificate Authorities or CA. CA responsible for generating public key pair for other party involved in the protocol. When CA generates public key pair, several primitive cryptographic scheme used for guarantee the security of the key. Two of them are hash function SHA-1 and El-Gamal public key scheme embedded in Digital Signature Algorithm scheme. The prototype implementing the scheme above developed using Java programming language with JCE addition from Bauncy Castle. The analysis towards implemented prototype indicates that the prototype still has some flaws to be implemented in real world.
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