Judul: Evaluation of Probiotic from Lactic Acid  Bacteria of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) on Feed Metabolizable Energy  and Bacterial Population of Broiler Chicken
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian probiotik bakteri asam laktat asal larva BSF dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap metabolisme zat makanan dan populasi bakteri usus pada ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan 5 ulangan. Ternak yang digunakan adalah ayam broiler strain ross sebanyak 150 ekor yang dipelihara sampai umur 35 hari. Untuk perhitungan energi metabolis pakan menggunakan ayam broiler strain ross umur 35 hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P1 = ransum dengan tambahan plasebo (kontrol), P2 = ransum dengan tambahan probiotik 106 cfu g-1 pakan, dan P3 = ransum dengan tambahan probiotik 107 cfu g-1 pakan. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan Duncan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan probiotik bakteri asam laktat asal black soldier fly memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap energi metabolis pakan dan populasi bakteri dalam usus halus ayam broiler. Walaupun tidak berbeda nyata, data menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik sebanyak 107 cfu g-1 pakan dapat meningkatkan energi metabolis pakan 2,3% dibandingkan dengan ransum kontrol. Perlakuan P3 juga memiliki jumlah bakteri asam laktat terbanyak dan bakteri Eschericia coli paling sedikit. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan probiotik bakteri asam laktat asal black soldier fly sebanyak 107 cfu g-1 pakan dapat meningkatkan energi metabolis pakan 2,3%, meningkatkan bakteri asam laktat 3,5% dan mengurangi bakteri Eschericia coli 5,3%., This study aimed to analyze the effect of the addition of probiotics lactic acid bacteria from black soldier fly with different concentrations on the metabolism of nutrients and the population of intestinal bacteria in broiler chicken. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The livestock used were DOC as many as 150 chickens which were reared until the age of 35 days. Measure of metabolizable energy using broiler type ross 35 days old. The treatment given was P0 = feed with placebo (control), P1 = feed with an additional 106 cfu g-1 feed of probiotics, and P3 = feed with an additional 107 cfu g-1 feed of probiotics. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests. The results showed that the addition of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from the black soldier fly gave an insignificant effect on the metabolizable energy of feed and the population of bacteria in the small intestine of broiler chickens. However, the data showed that treatment with the addition 107 cfu g-1 feed of probiotics can increase feed metabolizable energy for 2.3%. The P3 treatment also had the highest number of lactic acid bacteria and the least Escherichia coli bacteria. Conclusion of this research the addition of probiotics lactic acid bacteria from the black soldier fly as much as 107 cfu g-1 can increase feed metabolizable energi 2.3%, increase lactic acid bacteria 3.5% and reduce Escherichia coli bacteria 5.3%
Keyword: bakteri asam laktat, black soldier fly, energi metabolis, Eschericia coli, probiotik

Judul: Evaluation of Probiotic Addition of Lactic Acid Bacteria from Black Soldier Fly Maggots Against on the Performance and Blood Profile of Broiler Chickens
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan probiotik bakteri asam laktat asal maggot BSF terhadap performa dan profil darah ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan, 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan menggunakan 10 ekor. Perlakuan terdiri atas P1= ransum basal (kontrol) + placebo, P2= ransum basal + 106 cfu bakteri asam laktat per gram pakan, P3= ransum basal + 107 cfu bakteri asam laktat per gram pakan. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian probiotik 106 dan 107 cfu bakteri asam laktat per gram pakan nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan performa fase starter dan jumlah leukosit namun tidak mempengaruhi profil darah dan performa fase grower, finisher, serta selama 28 hari pada ayam broiler. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian probiotik bakteri asam laktat (BAL) asal maggot Black Soldier Fly dengan dosis 106 dan 107 cfu per gram pakan menurunkan performa ayam pada periode starter, tetapi dapat memperbaiki performa ayam pada fase grower, finisher dan selama 28 hari pemeliharaan., This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of the addition of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from BSF maggots on the performance and blood profile of broiler chickens. This study used a Completely Randomized Design with 3 treatments, 5 replications, each replication consist of 10 heads. The treatments consisted of P1= basal ration (control) + placebo, P2= basal ration + 106 cfu of lactic acid bacteria per gram of feed, P3= basal ration + 107 cfu of lactic acid bacteria per gram of feed. The results showed that the addition of probiotics at 106 and 107 cfu of lactic acid bacteria per gram of feed decreased (P<0.05) the performance of starter phase broiler chickens and the number of leukosit but did not show a significant difference of the blood cells profile and performance of the grower, finisher, and cumulative for 28 days. The conclusion of this research was that the addition of lactic acid bacteria probiotics from black soldier fly maggots at doses of 106 and 107 cfu per gram of feed decreased performance in the starter period, but it can improve chicken performance at grower, and finisher periods as well as the cumulative performance for 28 days.
Keyword: asam laktat, ayam broiler, performa, probiotik, profil darah

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
Keyword: