Judul: Pemanfaatan tepung tulang rawan ayam pedaging dalam minuman instan
Abstrak: This research was conducted to study the best formulation of instant drink by substitutioning cartilage flour. Data was collected from 4 treatments and 3 times and analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the results given significantly different then used Duncan test. The results from this research are substitutionine cartilage flour given very significantly different (PQ).OI) to physical properties suci as solubility, fineness and whittenes. Nutrition properties such as calsium and fosfor given very significantly different (PQ),OI). The test of organoleptic on the colour, flavour and solubility showved very significantly different (PQ),OI) and result for generally acceptability showved significantly different (P4,OS) but for taste of organoleptic test showed not significantly different (P>0,05). Keywork cartilage flour, formulation, instant drink
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Tepung Daging- Tulang Leher Ayam Pedaging pada Pembuatan Makanan Ringan (Snack) untuk Meningkatkan Nilai Gizi
Abstrak: Snack quite popular in Indonesia, it was practical and long storage characteristics made them highly consumed. Broiler’s neck meat and bone meal is one of animal byproduct from animal product industries. It can change into meal and as an alternative source of proteins and minerals. Snack products commonly doesn’t have a balanced nutritional composition, so this research conducted to study the making of snack which increasing with broiler’s neck meat and bone meal and to evaluate the physical characteristic, nutritional composition and consumer’s acceptability of products. The nutritional content observed from the product consisted of water, protein, fat, carbohydrate, ash, calcium and phosphor. The physical analysis observed consist of hardness, kamba’s density and objective color analysis. An organoleptic test was also done. Experimental design used in this reseach was Completely Randomized Design with broiler’s neck meat and bone meal concentration as the response which five concentration stages 0%; 2,5%; 5%; 7,5% and 10%. Each stage consist three replications. The data was analyzed with Analysis of Variance and if the result was significantly different, it was followed with Duncan’s test. The panelist acceptability data was analyzed with Kruskal Wallis and if the result was significantly different, it was followed with mean rank different test that built by Gibbons. The results of nutritional content analysis seen that the water content ranged from 4,53-4,11%; protein content of 9,87-16,15%; fat 21,87-24,85%; carbohydrate 61,09-47,78%; ash 2,62-7,09% calcium 0,029-0,588% and phosphor 0,063-0,095%. The nutritional content analysis result showed that increasing that broiler’s neck meat and bone meal make significantly differences. The physical characteristic result showed that increasing of broiler’s neck meat and bone meal didn’t make significantly differences to fragility and kamba’s density. The average of fragility was 1611,08±43,80 gram force and 1,083±0,005 g/ml for kamba’s density. Objective color analysis showed that increasing of broiler’s neck meat and bone meal incline lower yellowness and got dark to the snack product. The result of organoleptic test to the colour, chicken taste and crispiness gave very obvious influence. The texture and general appearance of the snack didn’t give obvious influence.
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Judul: Gerak intertropical convergence zone di wilayah Indonesia
Abstrak: Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) merupakan salalı satu faktor yang mempengaruhi intensitas dan distribusi curah hujan di Indonesia. Pada umumnya daerah yang dilalui ITCZ memiliki curah hujan yang tinggi. Oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui posisi ITCZ setiap bulan. Dalam penelitian ini dikaji metode penentuan posisi ITCZ berdasarkan data Geostationery Meteorological Satellite serta pola gerak ITCZ tiap bulan. Penentuan posisi gerak ITCZ dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi linear sederhana dan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga. Dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana dan polinom orde dua/tiga posisi ITCZ dapat ditentukan dengan ketepatan yang cukup baik. Posisi rata-rata ITCZ pada bulan Januari berada di belahan bumi selatan, sedangkan bulan April, Juli dan Oktober berada di belahan bumi utara. Dengan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga pada bulan April, Juli dan Oktober posisi rata-rata ITCZ berada 2º lintang lebih ke utara dan pada bulan Januari berada 3º lintang lebih ke selatan dibandingkan dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana. Untuk bulan Januari, April dan Juli penentuan posisi rata-rata ITCZ dengan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga relatif lebih tepat, sedangkan dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana terjadi penyimpangan yang cukup besar. Sebaliknya untuk bulan Oktober dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana relatif lebih tepat. Secara umum pola gerak ITCZ tiap bulan (1994-1997) mengikuti gerak matahari. Pada bulan Desember-Februari ITCZ bergerak ke selatan ekuator, bulan Maret-Mei bergerak ke utara menuju ekuator, bulan Juni-Agustus bergerak lebih jauh ke utara dan bulan September-November kembali bergerak ke selatan. Posisi rata-rata ITCZ paling selatan pada 3° LS (bulan Maret), sedangkan posisi rata-rata ITCZ paling utara pada 14° LU (bulan Agustus). Penyimpangan posisi ITCZ dapat terjadi karena pengelompokan jenis awan yang kurang spesifik, juga dapat disebabkan oleh penyimpangan sirkulasi Walker dari keadaan normal. Luas zone ITCZ pada bulan Januari, April, Juli dan Oktober berubah-ubah baik dalam tahun yang sama maupun antar tahun (1994-1997).
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