Judul: The Potential of Cratoxylum formosum as Novel Therapy Against
Breast Cancer
Abstrak: This study investigates the potential anticancer properties of Cratoxylum formosum extracts against MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Cratoxylum formosum extracts were obtained using three different solvents: methanol, ethanol, and water. Extraction involved maceration and freeze-drying, resulting in extracts with varied concentrations and colors. MTT assays were employed to assess cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 cells, Vero cells, and EpH4-EV cells. The results indicated a concentration-dependent increase in MDA-MB-231 cell viability, notably with the ethanol extract, suggesting potential growth inhibition of cancer cells. Probit analysis yielded IC50 values of 0.69 µg/mL, 0.72 µg/mL, and 1.73 µg/mL for ethanol, methanol, and water extracts, respectively, highlighting their potential as potent anticancer agents. While the ethanol extract demonstrates a smaller IC50, indicating high potency, it also exhibited toxicity to healthy cells. Conversely, the water extract showed a larger IC50, implying a lower inhibitory effect on cancer cells with reduced toxicity to healthy cells, suggesting a potential balance between efficacy and safety. The study suggests that C. formosum extracts may induce apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, emphasizing their potential as selective inhibitors of cancer cell growth. This research significantly contributes to understanding the diverse bioactive components in C. formosum and their potential applications in developing targeted anticancer therapies.
Keyword: Anticancer, cytotoxicity, BREAST CANCER

Judul: Optimization of Zanthoxylum piperitum, Annona muricata, and Garcinia mangostana Simplicia Combination as Candidate Medicine for Anti Breast Cancer
Abstrak: Kanker payudara adalah salah satu jenis kanker yang paling umum penyebab utama kematian wanita diseluruh dunia. Buah andaliman, daun sirsak, dan kulit manggis merupakan tanaman tradisional yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi kombinasi simplisia buah andaliman, daun sirsak, dan kulit manggis dalam berbagai respon. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari preparasi dan ekstraksi, pengukuran total fenol, pengukuran total flavonoid, uji antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan FRAP, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), dan uji antiproliferasi terhadap sel MCF-7 dan sel Vero serta uji karakterisasi dengan LC-MS. Analisis seluruh hasil penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan model Simplex Centroid Design dengan Design Expert. Nilai optimum titik optimasi diperoleh pada kombinasi simplisia kulit manggis dan daun sirsak. Hasil tertinggi yang akan diperoleh berdasarkan titik optimasi, yakni total fenolik sebesar 189.121 mg GAE/g, flavonoid 6.66 mg QUE/g, antioksidan dengan metode DPPH 42.05 µmol TE/g dan pada metode FRAP 24.89 µmol TE/g, antiproliferasi sel MCF-7 sebesar 51.351% dan antiproferasi sel Vero sebesar 99.439% pada konsentrasi 32 ppm. Hasil analisis LC-MS menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa senyawa yang kemungkinan berperan aktif sebagai agen antikanker yaitu Sanshool, 1,3,7-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-diisoprenylxanthone, Annonacin dan Piperine. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioakif dari kombinasi buah andaliman, daun sirsak dan kulit manggis seluruhnya terbukti memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik dan kombinasi optimum terdapat pada kulit manggis dan daun sirsak., Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, the leading cause of death for women worldwide. Zanthoxylum piperitum, Annona muricata, and Garcinia mangostana are traditional plants that have potential as anticancer. This study aims to optimize the combination of simplicia Zanthoxylum piperitum, Annona muricata, and Garcinia mangostana of many responses. This research method consisted of preparation and extraction, measurement of total phenol, measurement of total flavonoid, antioxidant test using DPPH and FRAP methods, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and antiproliferative test on MCF-7 cells and Vero cells as well as characterization test with LC- MS. Analysis of the results of all studies was carried out based on the Simplex Centroid Design model with Design Expert. The optimum value of the optimization point was obtained from the combination of Annona muricata, and Garcinia mangostana simplicia. The highest results will be obtained based on the optimization point, namely a total phenolics of 189,121 mg GAE/g, flavonoids 6.66 mg QUE/g, antioxidants using the DPPH method 42.05 mol TE/g and in the FRAP method 24.89 mol TE/g, antiproliferation of MCF-7 cells of 51.351% at a concentration of 32 ppm and the antiproliferation of Vero cells was 99.439%. The results of the LC-MS analysis showed that there are several compounds that may play an active role as anti-cancer agents, namely Sanshool, 1,3,7-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-diisoprenylxanthone, Annonacin and Piperine. The conclusion of this study showes that the bioactive compounds from the combination of andaliman fruit, soursop leaves and mangosteen rind were proven to have cytotoxic activity and the optimum combination is found in mangosteen rind and soursop leaves.
Keyword: Antioxidant, antiproliferative, flavonoid, LC-MS, phenolic

Judul: Transformasi Dari Desa Kembali Ke Nagari (Studi Kasus  Di Kenagarian IV Koto Palembayan, Sumatera Barat)
Abstrak: Secara tradisional masyarakat Minang hidup berkelompok dalam suatu ikatan genealogis dan teritorial yang otonom dengan pemerintahan kolektif berdasarkan hukum adat dalam sebuah sistem pemerintahan yang disebut nagari. Keberadaan pemerintahan nagari praktis hilang secara de jure dari Sumatera Barat sejak diberlakukannya UU No. 5 tahun 1979 mengenai bentuk pemerintahan terendah yaitu desa, kebijakan ini membuat nagari terpecah ke dalam bentuk desa. Jatuhnya rezim pemerintahan orde baru telah membawa perubahan dari sistem pemerintah sentralistik menjadi desentralistik. Pemerintah kemudian mengeluarkan UU No. 22 tahun 1999 yang memberikan peluang untuk menghidupkan kembali bentuk pemerintahan asli jika masyarakat setempat menginginkannya. UU No. 22/1999 ini selanjutnya disempurnakan oleh UU No. 32/2004.
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