Judul: Entrepreneurship behaviour effect on the performance of virginia tobacco in East Java
Abstrak: Tobacco is a commodity that has contributed and strategic position to farmers and to the country, where the average land area in Indonesia tobacco crop per year of 200 000 hectares with a production of 170 000 tonnes and 600 000 households involving farmers. Cultivation of tobacco face a variety of problems, both technical and non-technical issues. Tobacco farming also has a big risk in production, prices, costs, and revenues. Human resource development is a key issue because nowadays we need creative and innovative farmers in order to survive and compete. Factors determining the success or failure of entrepreneurial farmers in adapting to the changing of business environment. Entrepreneurial behavior is influenced by the nature of individual and environmental factors which consists of the economic environment, social environment, political environment, and physical environment. Beside influence entrepreneurial behavior, the nature of the individual and the environment also affects the performance of tobacco farming. Therefore, the relationship and influence between individuals, environmental factors, entrepreneurial behavior on the performance of farming will be tested, so this study aims to : 1) Determine the factors that influence entrepreneurial behavior and performance of the farm; 2) Analyze the influence of personality traits and environmental factors to entrepreneurial behavior; and 3) Analyze the influence of personality trait, environmental factors, and entrepreneurial behavior to the performance of individual tobacco farming. Influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable was measured by using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the factors that influence the behavior of the individual nature of entrepreneurship among other things, the economic environment, and the physical environment, while the factors that affect farm performance, among others personality trait, economic environment, political environment, physical environment, and entrepreneurial behavior. The nature of individual and environmental factors influence entrepreneurial behavior with the greatest influence comes from personality trait. Entrepreneurial behavior have a significant effect on the performance of the business, but not a dominant factor affecting the performance. Economic environment being the most influential variables on the performance of agriculture due to tobacco farmers generally very responsive to changes in price. Entrepreneurial behavior alone had no significant effect on performance because of tobacco cigarette industry faced with oligopsony market structure that makes farmers have no bargaining power and thus require a supportive environment. Thus, entrepreneurial behaviour should be viewed as only one causal factor in a complex model of factors that promote performance.
Keyword: entrepreneurship, performance, tobacco

Judul: Pengaruh Perilaku Kewirausahaan Petani Anggrek Terhadap Kinerja Usaha: Kasus di Kecamatan Gunung Sindur dan Parung, Kabupaten Bogor, serta Kecamatan Serpong, Kota Tangerang Selatan
Abstrak: The opportunities of orchid development in Indonesia is still potentially increased because of the genetic resources of orchid are abundant, in addition the agro-climatic conditions, availability of land is relatively wide, the support of labor and technology, and the potential market at domestic and abroad, those are comparative advantage that potential to be developed into a competitive advantage. But instead, the performance of orchid industrialization still in low performance. The low performance of the national orchid industry due to the lack of competence orchid farmers, such as: (1) lack of knowledge of consumer preferences, (2) lack of technology in breeding, cultivation, and post-harvest, and (3 ) lack of responsiveness to the market information. The present of orchid farmers entrepreneurial behavior hopely could increase the bussiness performance. In order that, the purpose of the research are; (1) describe the orchid farmers characteristics, (2) to analyse the influence of internal and external factors on entreprenerial behavior, and (3) to analyse the influence of entreprenenurial behavior on bussiness performance. This research used 115 data of orchid farmers, than its analized by SEM using Lisrel 8.3 programs. Based on the results obtained that the characteristics of orchid farmers generally include: (1) the majority of the level of education orchid are high school graduates, (2) they have quite long experience in orchid cultivation, (3) for most farmers this effort is the main livelihood, (4) generally, the venture capital obtained from private equity, (5) the standard of living and welfare of orchid growers generally still in low conditions, due to small-scale enterprises, which in turn impact on revenue, and the majority of orchid growers were oriented only for daily needs. The result by using SEM are; (1) The Entrepreneurial behavior is influenced positively and significantly by the internal factors,instead (2) The external factors gave the negative and significant influences, but it’s directly influence the bussiness performance positively and significantly, (3) entrepreneurial behavior gave positive and significant effect on business performance. SEM shows the test results with the internal factors positive and significant impact on enterpreneur behavior with effect coefficient 0,56. Internal factors measured by indicators; venture scale, capital ownership, ownership of production facilities and infrastructure, motivation achievement, the perception of orchids business and entrepreneurship intentions. Increasing the internal factors will increase the entrepreneurial behavior orchid growers. This shows the increase in business scale, enterpreneurial intentions, motivation achievement and perceptions of high effort, can increase entrepreneurial behavior. External factors significantly and negatively related with entrepreneurial behavior, which the influence coefficient is -0.15. While External Factors significantly and negatively related to entrepreneurial behavior, this is due to government support in the aspect of education and counseling, assistance and capital inputs, promotion and marketing, business regulations, and the availability of market information, are not in accordance with the needs of farmers and not on target. Generally the government support in terms of extension and training, procurement assistance and capital inputs, promotion and marketing, business regulations, and the availability of market information, until now felt not sufficient, and not support the formation of behavioral entrepreneurship. Overall, the governments through the relevant agencies
Keyword: 

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular