Judul: Institutional Analysis of Forest Area Land Use Pattern  in North Bandung Area, Bandung Regency
Abstrak: Land use change cause the environmental degradation. The pattern of land use change is always from vegetated land to built up land. It also happended in Bandung Regency. It happened because there was inappropriate land use change. Inappropriate land use change is defined as the activity of using land resources that exceed the capacity of the land. The formulation of a strategy that involves all sectors and related institutions in the management of land use in North Bandung Area, Bandung Regency (Upper Citarum Watershed) must be implemented immediately. It is considered the condition of land that has been degraded due to continuous and significant land use. Numerous past studies have investigated that there are patterns in the forest area's land use management that support forest sustainability and society's economy. This research aimed to identify the action arena and patterns of interaction, to describe the outcomes of the two land use patterns, and to formulate the strategy related to forest area’s land use pattern in North Bandung Area, Bandung Regency. This research used Institutional analysis and development (IAD) framework as the research method. Exogenous variables were analyzed using descriptive analysis, community attributes, and content analysis. The action arena was analyzed using the analysis of Stakeholder and Actor Theory Analysis. The patterns of interaction was analyzed using Collective Analysis, and Coordination Action. The outcomes of the patterns of interaction was analyzed using the IAD (Institutional Analysis and Development) framework. The land use change management strategy was analyzed using the concept of Pentahelix. The identified action arena includes the pattern of commodity and profession transfer. The actors involved were State-owned Forest Enterprises (Perum Perhutani), Village Administrations, forest extensions, Forest Village Community Association (FVCA), and Forest and Farm Producers Organization (FFPO). The most dominating actor in land use activities in both patterns was Perum Perhutani, along with FVCA and FFPO. The pattern of interaction that exists between actors was considered appropriate with only minor problems found within its coordination system. The outcome of the application of these two patterns, among others, is to raise public awareness in conserving forests and improving the community's economy. The land management strategy for forest areas can be directed using the Penta helix concept.
Keyword: Commodity transfer, Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) framework, land use, North Bandung Area, profession transfer

Judul: Community based protection forest management program in kesatuan pemangkuan hutan perhutani bandung selatan : analysis of economic household behaviors
Abstrak: The Island of Java is inhabited by more than 60 % of Indonesian population. Imbalanced redistribution of population and land control has caused pressure to the environment, particularly the natural resources. A breakthrough to overcome the degradation of environment resulted from the population desperate need for land is a Community Based Forest Management Program (CBFMP) which provides the community with opportunity to develop agroforestry activities in the forest. The objectives of this research consist of : (1) to analyze the factors that influence the economic decision by households in time allocation for work, production, income, and expenditure, (2) to make a simulation of the effect of changes in the external and internal factors on households’ economic behaviors, and (4) to analyze the institutional aspects related to partnership contract in CBFMP. The analysis consisted of two household economic models, namely, CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle. Alternative policies were simulated in econometric models in the form of simultaneous equations consisting of 13 structural equations and 15 identity equations for the model of Coffee CBFMP, and 14 structural equations and 20 identity equations for the model of Grass and Cattle CBFMP. The method of Two-stage Least Squares (2 SLS) was used to estimate the parameters of structural equations. The research analyzed 12 simulation scenarios consisting of 12 external factors change (policy factors) impact. In general, Scenario 9 (the combined scenarios of the decreased debt rate with the increased price of input and labor wages) and Scenario 5 (the combined scenarios of the increased price of output with the increased price of input and labor wages) can be recommended as the best policy to empower the community around the forest (CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle) for the reason that it can accommodate the interests of various parties, namely: (1) the interest of community by increasing income and welfare, (2) government’s interest by improving agricultural productivity and securing vital projects in the upstream downstream of watershed area, (3) the interest of Perum Perhutani by preserving its protection forest, and (4) the importance of environment by the reduction of natural resource degradation. In addition, from the results of institutional analysis, it is recommended that the institution of CBFMP require improvement at the micro level, i.e. building a more mutually beneficial partnership contract between farmers taking part in CBFMP and Perum Perhutani.
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Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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