Judul: Penampilan benih ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) diploid, diploid ginogenetik dan triploid
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penampilan benih ikan mas diploid, diploid ginogenetik dan triploid. Dilakukan mulai tanggal 12 Februari hingga 6 Mei 1988, di Kolam Percobaan dan Laboratorium Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Darmaga Bogor. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan mas hasil pembuahan buatan dengan cara biasa, ginogenesis, dan triploidisasi. Pemeliharaan benih ikan dilakukan sejak larva baru menetas hingga benih untuk pengamatan berturut- turut adalah dalam wadah akuarium kaca, bak-bak teraso, dan hapa-hapa di kolam. Selama pemeliharaan benih ikan diberi makanan alami (moina, artemia dan daphnia), serta makanan buatan (pellet), yang diberikan secara "ad libitum". Analisa data berdasarkan nilai rata-rata, simpangan baku dan keragaman, dilakukan secara deskriptif. Bobot individu, ciri-ciri morfometrik dan meristik pada benih ikan diploid, diploid ginogenetik dan triploid hampir sama. Proporsi tubuh pada benih ikan triploid berbeda dibandingkan dengan benih ikan diploid dan diploid genetik, yaitu punggungnya lebih tinggi. Keragaman yang tinggi pada beberapa karakter benih ikan diploid ginogenetik dan triploid disebabkan oleh adanya regregasi poligen, dan terjadinya ketidak seimbangan gen-gen akibat silang dalam yang mengakibatkan abnormalitas pada bentuk tubuh ikan.
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Judul: Penampilan benih ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) ras puten, taiwan dan hibridanya pada pedederan kedua
Abstrak: Percobaan bertujuan untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan mas ras Punten, Taiwan dan kedua hibridanya. Dilakukan mulai tanggal 23 Agustus sampai 12 Oktober 1986, di Kolam Percobaan Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Darmaga, Bogor. Wadah yang digunakan adalah hapa berukuran 2,5 m X 2,0 m X 1,0 m sebanyak 12 buah, yang diletakkan pada sebuah kolam berukuran 19,0 m X 9,5 m X 1,0 m. Ikan uji yang digunakan berupa benih ikan mas hasil dari pendederan pertama, melalui pemijakan buatan (hipofisasi). Berat rata-ratanya ialah 2,8 gram per ekor. Perlakuannya ialah benih yang berasal dari perkawinan Induk ikan mas ras Punten jantan X Punten betina (PP), Taiwan jantan X Taiwan betina (TT), Punten jantan X Taiwan betina (PT) dan Taiwan jantan X Punten betina (TP). 2 Padat penebaran 10 ekor per m wadah. Keadaan 'heterosis' ('hybrid vigor') belum terlihat pada laju pertumbuhan harian individu, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, bobot mutlak individu dan produksi pada ikan hibrida (PT dan TP) dalam fase pendederan kedua.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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