Judul: Dampak Ketimpangan Gender terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Gender is a difference behaviours between men and women are not determined by biological differences, but by the socio-cultural environment, politics and economics. Gender inequality persists in all aspects of life in Indonesia, there are gaps between the achievement of the benefits of development on women and men related to basic human needs for jobs, education, and health. This is despite the fact there is a fairly rapid progress in gender equality today. The nature and extent of discrimination varies in different regions / provinces. According to the United Nations Development Programme (2010), there is no one else in the area of third world countries women have enjoyed equal rights in the legal, social and economic. Gender inequality in education among other things, employment, access to resources, economic power, and political participation. Women bear the heaviest burden due to inequality, but inequality is detrimental basically everyone and ultimately harm the economy of a country. Indonesia is one country that is experiencing a rapid development in reducing disparities in education between men and women that is characterized by the narrowing gap between men and women in educational attainment levels. However, the level of productivity and labor force participation of women is still low. The role of women in development needs to be considered in national and regional development policies. Because of the increased role of women has a significant impact in breaking the vicious circle of poverty. Improvement of human quality of education of women in particular is an important issue because it determines the quality of life for future generations. The objectives of this research are to analyze the gender inequality in Indonesia by using Gender Development Index (GDI), to analyze the effect of gender gaps in education and employment (proxied by using gender gap in mean years of schooling and labor force participation) on economic growth. This research uses panel data from 30 provinces during 2003-2012. Gender inequality index is represented by a proxy of ratio GDI to HDI. Descriptive analysis results show that there are gender inequality, there are still distances between Human Development Index (HDI) and Gender Development Index (GDI). Econometric analysis with FEM (Fixed Effect Model) determines that there are positive and significant effect of education, female-male mean years of schooling, employment, female-male labor force participation, and gender inequality index on economic growth.
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Judul: Economic Growth, Government Expenditure and Gender Inequality in the Labor Market of Indonesia
Abstrak: The determination of economic growth target is quite effective in encouraging Indonesian economy to grow positively. Economic growth is certainly able to provide new jobs, but it is not always able to deal with gender inequality in the labor market in Indonesia, and the government indeed has a major role in reducing the gender inequality. Further investigation is undoubtedly necessary to find out whether the Indonesian government expenditure can improve the gender inequality in the labor market. The aims of this study were (1) to analyze the impact of the economic growth target on employment in Indonesia, (2) to analyze the impact of the economic growth target on gender inequality in the labor market in Indonesia and (3) to analyze the impact of the government spending on gender inequality in the labor market in Indonesia. The study was conducted in the Indonesian scope, and the data used were secondary data in form of SNSE table of Indonesia from BPS 2008. The table was adapted to the purpose of the research, resulting in 42x42 matrix, with the production factor of labor being broken up based on gender, education, and employment formality. This study concluded that sectoral economic growth target showed that there was a gender inequality because women had less opportunity to seek employment in the formal sector largely due to their low education and dual roles. It is the dual roles which eventually lead many well-educated women to choose careers in the informal economic sector so that they can still play their role as a mother, that is, taking care of their family. Although the government spending was not free from gender inequality in which more women were absorbed in the informal sector, the sectoral government spending had been admittedly able to reduce the existing gap in the Indonesian labor market.
Keyword: economic growth, government expenditure, gender inequality, labor market

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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