Judul: Pembuatan bioetanol dari bagas batang sorgum manis melalui proses delignifikasi oleh NaOH
Abstrak: Sweet sorghum bagasse rod including lignocellulosic materials containing lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose that can be used in the manufacture of ethanol. This study aims to stem the production of ethanol from sweet sorghum bagasse. Stages of research consists of preparation of sweet sorghum bagasse rod, pretreatment using NaOCl, delignification with NaOH, saccharification with xylanase and cellulase enzymes and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The parameters in the analysis include the levels of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose before and after delignification, reduction sugar and ethanol. The results showed that sweet sorghum bagasse rod can be used as raw material in the manufacture of bioethanol, because it is based on data obtained cellulose content before delignification at 23.45% while after delignification, cellulose optimum levels obtained with 8% NaOH concentration is 18.38%. Highest glucose levels obtained from the saccharification at a concentration of 1% cellulase and xylanase 1% at 177%. Highest levels of ethanol during fermentation by S. cerevisiae with a concentration of 2% inoculum were incubated for 6 days is 19.34 %
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharification, fermentation, ethanol, delignification, cellulose, Bioethanol

Judul: Produksi Bioetanol dari Bagas Sorgum Manis dengan Metode Sakarifikasi Enzimatis dan Fermentasi Simultan
Abstrak: Bagas sorgum manis (Sorghum bicholor L) merupakan biomassa yang komponen penyusun utamanya adalah lignoselulosa. Kandungan selulosa sebesar 50.68% merupakan potensi yang bisa dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku bioetanol generasi kedua. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memproduksi bioetanol dari bagas sorgum manis sebagai bahan berlignoselulosa dengan metode Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation (SSF) secara enzimatis. Adapun tahapan produksi bioetanol pada penelitian ini meliputi praperlakuan (delignifikasi), sakarifikasi enzimatis menggunakan selulase, dan fermentasi. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi selulosa, gula pereduksi, biomassa dan kadar etanol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perolehan kadar etanol tertinggi pada metode SSF yaitu sebesar 1.35 g L-1 dengan efisiensi pengunaan selulosa tertinggi sebesar 48.38% dan laju produksi bioetanol sebesar 0.004 g jam-1. Rendemen produk bioetanol dengan metode SSF ini sebesar 0.06 g bioetanol/g selulosa.
Keyword: bagas sorgum manis, bioetanol, Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sakarifikasi dan Fermentasi Simultan (SSF), selulase

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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