Judul: Analisis Kemometrik Umur, Total Fenolik, dan Konsentrasi Pelarut Terhadap Aktivitas Antioksidan Daun Surian (Toona Sinensis).
Abstrak: Daun surian (Toona sinensi) mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sumber obat herbal, khususnya sebagai antioksidan, sehingga perlu dilakukan optimasi dalam proses mengekstrak senyawa aktifnya, seperti umur panen tanaman dan konsentrasi pelarut (etanol) untuk mendapatkan aktivitas antioksidan daun surian paling optimum. Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengoptimasi umur tanaman, konsentrasi pelarut (etanol), dan total fenolik terhadap aktivitas antioksidan (DPPH) daun surian menggunakan analisis Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS-R), dan Orthogonal Partial Least Squares (OPLS). Ekstraksi daun surian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metanol sebagai pelarut (1:10) menghasilkan rendemen untuk tanaman berumur 7, 10, 16, 27, dan 34 tahun berurutan sebesar 8.63%, 5.24%, 15.36%, 11.63%, dan 14.73%, serta kadar air (%) berurutan sebesar 1.43, 1.42, 1.59, 1.46, dan 1.19. Analisis kemometrik menghasilkan konsentrasi etanol optimal untuk analisis aktivitas antioksidan daun surian yakni 80%, diikuti oleh konsentrasi 70%, 96%, dan 90%. Umur dan total fenolik berkorelasi terhadap aktivitas antioksidan daun surian. Semakin tua umur tanaman dan tingginya kandungan fenolik, aktivitas antioksidannya akan semakin baik.
Keyword: antioksidan, fenolik, kemometrik, konsentrasi, Toona sinensis

Judul: Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Activity of Surian (Toona Sinensis) Leaves on Various Tree Age and Solvent Concentration
Abstrak: Ekstrak daun surian (Toona sinensis) memiliki kandungan senyawa fenolik yang dapat berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami. Pengoptimalan umur panen tanaman serta konsentrasi pelarut (etanol) diperlukan untuk mendapatkan aktivitas antioksidan daun surian terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh dari variasi umur pohon dan konsentrasi pelarut etanol terhadap kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan yang terkandung dalam sampel daun surian asal Sumedang menggunakan uji analisis in vitro. Kadar total fenolik diukur dengan menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH). Ekstrak daun surian umur 34 tahun menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% memiliki kadar total fenolik tertinggi yaitu sebesar 392.28 mg GAE/g bobot kering dan menghasilkan kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi yaitu sebesar 1130.26 μm TE/g bobot kering dengan nilai IC50 terkecil dibandingkan dengan sampel lainnya yaitu sebesar 4.19 μg/mL sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa ekstrak daun surian 34 tahun menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% memiliki aktivitas antioksidan terbaik. Umur pohon dan konsentrasi pelarut etanol terbukti dapat mempengaruhi hasil kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan daun surian., The extract of surian leaves (Toona sinensis) contains phenolic compounds that have the potential as natural antioxidants. Optimization of the plant harvesting age and solvent concentration (ethanol) is necessary to obtain the best antioxidant activity of surian leaves. This study aimed to examine the effect of variations in tree age and ethanol solvent concentration on the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of surian leaves from Sumedang using in vitro analysis. The total phenolic content was measured using the Folin-Ciocalteu method, while the antioxidant activity was measured using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method. The extract of 34-year-old surian leaves using 96% ethanol solvent had the highest total phenolic content of 392.28 mg GAE/g dry weight and also produced the highest antioxidant capacity of 1130.26 μm TE/g dry weight with the smallest IC50 value compared to other extracts, which was 4.19 μg/mL, indicating that the 34-year-old surian leaf extract using 96% ethanol solvent had the best antioxidant activity. Tree age and ethanol solvent concentration were proven to affect the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of surian leaves.
Keyword: Antioksidan, kadar fenolik, metode DPPH, Toona Sinensis

Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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