Judul: Estimasi Nilai Kehilangan Food waste dan Potensi Implementasi Denda Sisa Makanan di Rumah Makan (Studi Kasus : Grand Garden Café & Resto, Kebun Raya Bogor).
Abstrak: Bogor Botanical Garden has the most tourist visits amongst the other nature tourism sites in Bogor City. Most tourists spend almost 40% of their budget on food while traveling, and 50% of restaurant’s income earned from tourists. An eating out habit as a lifestyle has been increasing the volume of food waste while 93% of organic waste in Indonesia comes from food wasted. In this case, it’s hard to avoid food wasting because it’s related with habits but food waste causes environmental and economic loss because of the pollution and waste of resources along the production. Therefore, it needs a food waste prevention to support Zero Waste 2030 program in achieving SDGs number 12. The purposes of this research are (1) to k9ow the perceptions and behaviours of restaurant’s consumers about food waste; (2) to estimate the amount and loss value of food waste generated in resto; (3) to analyse the potential implementation of fines system for consumer’s food waste. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis using Guttman, Likert, SNI 10-3964-1994, and Contingent Valuation Method. The results of this research show that knowledge about food waste issues and the confession of having food waste prevention in daily life, cannot ensure someone from wasting food. The high amount of loss value of food waste in restaurant (Rp872.338.472/year) shows the waste of resources that cannot be avoided. Thus, a fines system for consumer’s food waste leftovers can be one of the alternative solutions. The fine scheme based on mean WTP of restaurant’s visitors is Rp15.676 to Rp21.360 per 100 grams of food wasted (applies multiples), while for buffet menu is Rp50.000.
Keyword: food waste, loss value, waste of resource, fine of food wasted, willingness to pay

Judul: Estimation of the Value of Economic Losses and Public Perceptions of Food Waste: A Case Study at Restaurant in Bogor City
Abstrak: Rumah makan merupakan salah satu penghasil pemborosan pangan terbesar, termasuk rumah makan di Kota Bogor. Kota Bogor memiliki jumlah rumah makan dalam jumlah cukup besar dan terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pangan yang disajikan di rumah makan tidak seluruhnya habis terjual dan dikonsumsi, sehingga menimbulkan hilangnya nilai ekonomi dari pangan yang terbuang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengestimasi volume (berat) dan nilai kerugian ekonomi dari food waste, menganalisis proses terjadinya pemborosan pangan, dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku ekonomi dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap pemborosan pangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan model Djekic, cost of wasted food dengan menggunakan pendekatan harga pasar, analisis deskriptif, dan analisis regresi logistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok pangan sayur merupakan pemborosan pangan paling tinggi dari sisi produsen dan unggas sebagai pemborosan pangan paling tinggi dari sisi konsumen. Nilai kerugian ekonomi yang ditanggung akibat pemborosan pangan paling tinggi yaitu pada rumah makan sedang dan paling rendah adalah rumah makan kecil. Berdasarkan sisi produsen, perlakuan terhadap sisa makanan yaitu dibuang, disimpan untuk di jual kembali, dikonsumsi sendiri, dan di daur ulang, sedangkan dari sisi konsumen sebagian besar membiarkan pangan yang tersisa daripada membungkusnya. Seluruh produsen dan konsumen rumah makan di Kota Bogor memiliki pengetahuan yang baik dalam upaya pencegahan pemborosan pangan. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh nyata memengaruhi perilaku ekonomi dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap pemborosan pangan pada rumah makan di Kota Bogor adalah jenis kelamin, pendapatan, waktu makan, dan kebiasaan.
Keyword: Consumer, cost of wasted food, likert, logistic regression, producer

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship