Judul: Continuous Production of Bioactive Peptides from Mung Bean Concentrate using Alcalase Enzyme in an Enzymatic Membrane Reactor
Abstrak: Consuming foods containing antioxidants may help in reducing the risk of developing diseases. Peptides from mung beans have shown to exhibit antioxidative properties, thus may be a potential ingredient in the production of functional foods. Mung bean based bioactive peptides can be continuously produced through enzymatic hydrolysis using alcalase in an enzymatic membrane reactor. The research was divided into three stages namely isolation and characterisation of mung bean protein concentrate, continuous production of bioactive peptides with parameter variations (enzyme-substrate ratio, pH and residence time) and IC50 analysis performed on the permeate produced under optimum conditions. The permeate produced with the optimum conditions of 5% enzyme-substrate ratio, pH 7.5 and 10-hour residence time had the best antioxidant capacities of 28.2069 μg AEAC/mL (DPPH), 16.1442 μg AEAC/mL (FRAP), 91.6802% (ABTS). The < 2 kDa fraction had the best IC50 value of 0.2026 mg protein/mL.
Keyword: Alcalase, Antioxidant, Bioactive Peptide, Enzymatic Membrane Reactor, Mung Bean

Judul: Dual Enzymatic Production of Bioactive Peptides from Velvet Bean Protein Concentrate
Abstrak: Bioactive peptides have a great potential for application for functional foods. Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is a promising source of parent protein for the production of bioactive peptides due to its high protein and hydrophobic amino acid composition. This research aimed to obtain the optimum operating conditions for the continuous production of bioactive peptides from velvet bean protein concentrate using dual enzymatic proteolysis. This research was divided into two main stages: preparation of velvet bean protein concentrate and continuous production of bioactive peptides with emphasis on the influence of the enzyme-to- substrate ratio, pH, and residence time. Due to its high enzyme rejection, a 5-kDa PES membrane was used. The optimum operating conditions obtained were: [E]/[S] = 5%, pH = 7.5, and residence time = 12 h. With these operating conditions, the antioxidant capacities and ACE inhibition of the permeate were 0.1803 mg AEAC/mL (DPPH method), 0.1589 mg AEAC/mL (FRAP method), and 74.29%, respectively. Compared to the substrate, there was a decrease in antioxidant capacity and almost a twofold increase in ACE inhibition. The decrease in the antioxidant capacity was due to phenolic compound rejection by the membrane. Moreover, a long-term continuous production of velvet bean protein concentrate was performed. An increase in antioxidant capacity, ACE inhibition, and TMP was observed during the 72-h filtration. A combination of physical and chemical membrane cleaning was able to recover the flux up to 85.6%.
Keyword: ACE inhibition, antioxidant, bioactive peptides, enzymatic membrane reactor, velvet bean

Judul: Penggunaan data spasial dalam struktur raster sebagai komponen sistem informasi geografi
Abstrak: Penggambaran peta dengan komputer merupakan penggambaran peta secara digital yang dikenal dengan nama pendigitasian. Data digitasi peta merupakan data masukan bagi Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG). SIG merupakan sistem penanganan, dan pengelolaan data dan informasi geografi. Data yang menjadi bahan baku adalah data spasial atau data yang mengacu pada lokasi geografi. Dalam hal ini data dapat berasal dari peta dan data penginderaan jauh. Selain itu data masukan dapat pula berupa data non- spasial. Data ini dihubungkan dengan suatu atribut dari suatu legenda peta. Atribut dapat dicirikan oleh warna atau simbol yang artinya didefinisikan dalam legenda, sehingga pada SIG, data atribut nonspasial disimpan dalam bentuk yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis data. Struktur data spasial yang dipergunakan pada komputer adalah struktur vektor dan struktur raster. Struktur vektor menggambarkan titik, garis, dan poligon yang di- rangkai oleh koordinat-koordinat. Sedangkan struktur raster menyajikan nilai suatu sel kisi (grid cell) atau pixel yang dicatat dalam bentuk matriks. Masing-masing struktur tersebut dapat dikonversikan, yaitu struktur vektor dikonversikan menjadi struktur raster atau sebaliknya. Dengan demikian tidak ada perbe- daan sewaktu digunakan untuk analisis. ...
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