Judul: Lindung Nilai (Hedging) Investasi atas Saham Batu Bara Menggunakan Strategi Strips dan Bear Spread
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara yang kaya akan sumber daya alam. Salah satu sumber daya alam terbesar Indonesia adalah batu bara. Di Indonesia batu bara memiliki peranan penting bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi melalui kegiatan perdagangan internasional. Peringatan akan munculnya resesi global pada tahun 2023 menjadi perhatian bagi seluruh negara di dunia. Sebagai seorang investor tentunya memiliki risiko kerugian di masa yang akan datang yang disebabkan oleh resesi global. Lindung nilai (hedging) merupakan salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalisir risiko tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini, diterapkan dua strategi yang dapat digunakan ketika terjadi penurunan harga, yaitu strategi strips dan strategi bear spread menggunakan opsi vanilla. Strategi strips lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan strategi bear call spread jika terjadi penurunan harga di masa depan., Indonesia is a country rich in natural resources. One of Indonesia's largest natural resources is coal. In Indonesia, coal has an important role in economic growth through international trade activities. Warnings of a global recession in 2023 are a concern for all countries in the world. As an investor, of course, you have the risk of future losses caused by a global recession. Hedging is one way that can be done to minimize this risk. In this research, two strategies are applied that can be used when prices decline, namely the strips strategy and the bear spread strategy using vanilla options. The strips strategy is more profitable than the bear call spread strategy if prices decline in the future.
Keyword: bear spread, coal, hedging, option, strips

Judul: Bear Spreads Strategy Using Barrier Option to Hedge Robusta Coffee’s Prices
Abstrak: Adanya pandemi covid-19 yang belakangan ini dialami di beberapa negara khususnya di Indonesia, memiliki dampak yang cukup tinggi bagi perekonomian di Indonesia. Menurunnya permintaan kopi di Indonesia juga berpengaruh akibat adanya kebijakan pemerintah dalam pembatasan atau penutupan aktivitas (lockdown) di berbagai wilayah di Indonesia, sehingga hal ini dapat mempengaruhi fluktuasi harga kopi khususnya kopi robusta di Indonesia. Lindung nilai menjadi solusi untuk menangani fluktuasi harga kopi robusta khususnya saat terjadinya penurunan harga kopi di masa depan. Opsi merupakan salah satu produk derivatif yang digunakan dalam aktifitas lindung nilai dan digunakan ke dalam berbagai strategi perdagangan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dua strategi dalam melindungi investor dari penurunan harga, yaitu strategi bear spreads menggunakan opsi vanilla dan strategi bear spreads menggunakan opsi barrier. Opsi barrier yang digunakan ialah up and knock-out. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, strategi bear spreads menggunakan opsi barrier merupakan strategi lindung nilai terbaik dalam menghasilkan keuntungan terbesar yang memiliki arus kas awal lebih murah jika dibandingkan dengan strategi bear spreads menggunakan opsi vanilla., The covid-19 pandemic, which has recently been experienced in several countries, especially in Indonesia, has had a fairly high impact on the economy in Indonesia. The decline in coffee demand in Indonesia also has an effect due to government policies in limiting or closing activities (lockdown) in various regions in Indonesia, so this can be affecting fluctuations in coffee prices, especially robusta coffee in Indonesia. Hedging is a solution to deal with fluctuations in robusta coffee prices, especially during the decline in coffee prices in the future. Options are one of the derivative products used in hedging activities and are used in various trading strategies. In this study, two strategies were carried out in protecting investors from falling prices, namely the bear spreads strategy using vanilla options and the bear spreads strategy using the barrier option. The barrier options used are up and knock-out. Based on the calculation results, the bear spreads strategy using the barrier option is the best hedging strategy in making the largest profit that has initial cash flow is cheaper when compared to the bear spreads strategy of using vanilla options.
Keyword: Bear Spreads, Kopi Robusta, Lindung Nilai, Opsi Barrier, Opsi Vanilla, Barrier Option, Vanilla option, Hedging, Robusta Coffee

Judul: Karakteristik Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH
Abstrak: Carboxymethyl chitosan is chitosan derivative product obtained from chemical modification. CMCh were made by alkalization process and carboxymethylation process. Factors that affect CMCh characteristics were excess sodium hydroxide in alkalization process, ratio between chitosan and monochloroacetic acid, and carboxymethylation temperature. The objectives of this research were to study the NaOH effect to CMCh characteristics, to learn process of making CMCh, to set the proper concentration of NaOH, and to analyze CMCh characteristics. CMCh yields were 110.72%-114.22%. CMCh pH value were 3.74-4.31. The optimum NaOH concentration to obtain the best CHCh was 10 M. Percentage of CMCh moisture content was 10.70%-11.42%. Ash content and nitrogen content of CMCh were 0.49%-0.50% and 4.52%-4.81%. CMCh viscousity was 8.25 cps. Percentage of CMCh solubility was 61.61%-91.50%. The different functional groups from chitosan which observed in CMCh were C=O group, CH group from alkene functional group, C−O group, and C−O−C group.
Keyword: solubility., functional group, CMCh characteristics, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan