Judul: Keterkaitan Pengendalian Mutu Terpadu dengan Produktivitas Tenaga Kerja (Studi Kasus di PT Perkebunan Nusantara VIII, Kebun Malabar, Pangalengan, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Komoditi teh sampai saat ini masih merupakan salah satu andalan ekspor nonmigas Indonesia dari subsektor perkebunan setelah karet, kelapa sawit dan kopi, sebagai penyumbang terbesar bagi devisa negara. Pertumbuhan yang mantap dari produksi teh dalam negeri dengan laju pertumbuhan rata-rata sebesar 4.95% per tahun, membawa Indonesia ke posisi lima produsen teh dunia yaitu setelah Srilangka (21.4%), India (20.7%), Cina (17.8%) dan Kenya (12.0) (Statistika Indonesia, 1995).
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Judul: Kemungkinan Usaha Peningkatan Produktivitas Melalui Peremajaan Kebun di PT Perkebunan XIII Perkebunan Teh malabar Bandung
Abstrak: Teh sebagai salah satu minuman penyegar yang non alkoholik disamping Kopi dan Cokelat, telah sejak lama menjadi kegemaran masyarakat diseluruh dunia. Bahan ini berasal dari pengolahan pucuk tanaman teh (Camelia sinensis dan Camelia assamica) sehingga menjadi bahan perdagangan yang bersifat internasional, dalam bentuk teh hijau dan teh hitam(khusus di Indonesia masih dikenal satu produk lagi yaitu teh wangi). Teh banyak dihasilkan di negara-negara seperti India, Cina, Sri langka, Afrika, Jepang, Rusia dan Indonesia(Jayawiguna dan Supranto, 1980). Problema umum yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara produsen dan pengekspor teh ialah tidak stabilnya harga pasaran, bahkan akhir-akhir ini nampak adanya kecenderungan perkembangan produksi dunia tidak dibarengi oleh kenaikan yang seimbang. Produksi rata-rata naik sekitar 3% pertahun, sedangkan konsumsi teh hanya naik sekitar 2,5 % per tahun (Jayawiguna dan Supranto, 1980). Dilain pihak, justru semakin terasa adanya iklim persaingan yang semakin tajam diantara negara-negara pengekspor teh. Cina,yang dulunya hanya dikenal sebagai negara yang menganut sistim perdagangan tertutup untuk teh akhir-akhir ini tampil sebagai negara pengekspor teh mutu rendah dengan harga rendah ke pelbagai negara terutama Amerika Serikat. Begitu pula dengan adanya perbaikan pemasaran teh di Indonesia beberapa tahun terakhir ini, ternyata lebih banyak disebabkan oleh keberhasilan Indonesia dalam memasuki daerah pemasaran Sri langka yang ditinggalkan (Mangkusuwondo, 1980). Meskipun demikian, ternyata negara-negara penghasil teh di Afrika lebih sukses dari pada Indonesia dalam menggantikan penurunan 'market share' India dan Sri Langka (Baharsyah, Johan dan Rajino, 1980).
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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