Judul: Histopathological (HP) of small intestine and cecal tonsil in Broiler that was infection by Marek’s disease and the effect of dietary zinc, garlic, and curcumin
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan informasi dasar tentang gambaran histopatologi usus broiler setelah penambahan zink, serbuk bawang putih dan kunyit dalam ransum basal dan terjadinya infeksi virus Marek secara alami. Ayam broiler strain Ross 1 Super Jumbo 747 berumur satu hari (DOC) yang berjumlah 100 ekor dibagi dalam lima kelompok. Kelompok pertama (R0) adalah ayam yang diberi pakan basal dan dijadikan sebagai kontrol. Kelompok kedua (R1) adalah ayam yang diberi pakan basal, serbuk bawang putih 2,5 % dan serbuk kunyit 1,5 %. Kelompok ketiga (R2) adalah ayam yang diberi pakan basal, serbuk bawang putih 2,5 % dan ZnO 120 ppm. Kelompok keempat (R3) adalah ayam diberi pakan basal, serbuk kunyit 1,5 % dan ZnO 120 ppm. Kelompok kelima (R4) adalah ayam yang diberi pakan basal, serbuk bawang putih 2,5 %, serbuk kunyit 1,5 % dan ZnO 120 ppm. Pada akhir penelitian ternak ayam broiler diambil satu ekor pada masing-masing unit percobaan secara acak untuk dinekropsi. Pengamatan dilakukan untuk melihat histopatologi usus halus dan sekal tonsil ayam broiler. Saat pemeliharaan ayam terinfeksi virus Marek. Secara histopatologi terjadi demielinasi pada saraf usus halus ayam, akumulasi sel tumor limfoid, proliferasi sel goblet, dan peningkatan folikel limfoid sekunder pada sekal tonsil., The research was aimed to inform the histopathological of small intestine and cecal tonsil in Broiler that were adapted garlic powder, curcumin powder and zinc into fed basis and infection by Marek disease. This research used 100 Broilers of Ross 1 strain and start from day old chick (DOC). They were divided into 5 groups. Group R0 was treated with fed basis (as control). Group R1 was treated with fed basis, garlic powder (2,5%), and curcumin powder (1,5%). Group R2 was treated with fed basis, garlic powder (2,5%), and ZnO was 120 ppm. Group R3 was treated with fed basis, curcumin powder (1,5%), and ZnO was 120 ppm. Group R4 was treated with fed basis, garlic powder (2,5%), curcumin powder (1,5%), and ZnO was 120 ppm. At the end of the maintenance period, four chickens from each pen of five treatment groups were necroption. The observe was conducted to histopathological of small intestine and cecal tonsil of chickens. When the maintenance, chickens were naturally infected by Marek’s disease. According to histopathological, there were demyelination of small intestine nerves, accumulation of lymphoid tumor cell, proliferation of Goblet cells and increase of limfoid cells in cecal tonsil.
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Judul: Gambaran histopatologi usus halus dan sekal tonsil pada ayam broiler yang terinfeksi marek dan pengaruh pemberian zink, bawang putih dan kunyit
Abstrak: THI WIDHYARI. The research was aimed to inform the histopathological of small intestine and cecal tonsil in Broiler that were adapted garlic powder, curcumin powder and zinc into fed basis and infection by Marek disease. This research used 100 Broilers of Ross 1 strain and start from day old chick (DOC). They were divided into 5 groups. Group R0 was treated with fed basis (as control). Group R1 was treated with fed basis, garlic powder (2,5%), and curcumin powder (1,5%). Group R2 was treated with fed basis, garlic powder (2,5%), and ZnO was 120 ppm. Group R3 was treated with fed basis, curcumin powder (1,5%), and ZnO was 120 ppm. Group R4 was treated with fed basis, garlic powder (2,5%), curcumin powder (1,5%), and ZnO was 120 ppm. At the end of the maintenance period, four chickens from each pen of five treatment groups were necroption. The observe was conducted to histopathological of small intestine and cecal tonsil of chickens. When the maintenance, chickens were naturally infected by Marek’s disease. According to histopathological, there were demyelination of small intestine nerves, accumulation of lymphoid tumor cell, proliferation of Goblet cells and increase of limfoid cells in cecal tonsil.
Keyword: Histopathological of  intestine, cecal tonsil in broiler, garlic

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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