Judul: Pemurnian dan Karakterisasi Enzim Selulase dari Bakteri yang Diisolasi dari Limbah Rumput Laut
Abstrak: Seaweedwasteis a sourceof bacteria thatcanproduce cellulaseenzyme. PMP0126yisolateis one collection isolateof the Research and Development Center for Marine and Fisheries Product Proecessing and Biotechnology Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research and Development Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries obtainedfromseaweed wastefrom Pameungpeukarea, Garut, West Java. The aims this research were to purify, characterize the cellulase enzyme, and identify the bacteria producing the enzyme using 16S-rRNA. PMP 0126yisolatewasa Gram-negativeshortrodshape bacteria. Based on thesequencingof the 16S-rRNA genfrom 1282base pairPMP0126y isolate had96%similaritywith Chryseobacteriumindologenesstrain McR-1. Theisolate had 1.9 cellulolytic index onCarboxymethyl Cellulose(CMC) agar medium. The highestcellulaseactivityobtained onthe thirdday offermentation timewith acellulaseactivityof0.108U/mLandspecificactivityof0.120U/mg. Initialpurificationof cellulasebyultrafiltrationproducedactivityof0.112U/mL. Purificationthe enzyme byanionexchange chromatographyproducedthe highestpeak of proteininthefraction no. 48withcellulaseactivityof0.154U/mLat 37.3mMNaCl.Optimumactivity ofthe cellulaseenzymeafterultrafiltrationwaspH 5and300C,while optimumactivity ofthe cellulaseenzymebyanionexchange chromatographywaspH 5and400C. At 300C, the enzymeremainedstableup to4hourincubation.Theactivity ofthe cellulasewasincreasedbyaddition ofCaCl2ions by 53%anddecreased bythe additionof ZnCl2 ions by 78%. Thecellulase showed the highest activity i.e. 0.149U/mL using treated seaweed wasteGlacilariasp. as substrate. Using SDS-PAGE and zimogram analysis, the molecular weight of the cellulase was estimated to be 39 kDa, 30 kDa, and 14 kDa.
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Judul: Karakterisasi Enzim Selulase dan Aplikasinya pada Substrat Limbah Pertanian
Abstrak: Cellulose is the most abundant plant cell walls. Lignocellulolytic are consist of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Degradation of cellulose involves a complex interplay between different cellulolytic enzymes. Among others, it has been widely accepted that three types of cellulases including endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases act synergistically to convert cellulose to glucose. This study was aimed to characterized cellulase enzyme which produced by cellulolytic bacteria from soil and applied it on agricultural waste such as rice straw, corn cob and banana peel. Qualitative analysis have done on 9 isolates cellulolytic bacteria to know the highest cellulolytic index by using congo red 0.1%. From 9 isolates, 1 isolate have IS 1.75. Quantitative analysis showed isolate 6-2 has the highest cellulase activity of 0.005U/ml. Highest activity of cellulase enzyme from isolate 6-2 resulted on bufer pH 7 and 40oC. Cellulase activity of isolate 6-2 was stable for 75 minutes. Isolate 6-2 has relatively low cellulase activities in CMC as it has small enzyme activity in degrading substrates of agriculture waste. The cellulose enzyme activity on ricestraw resulted 0.007U/ml, corncob resulted 0.008U/ml, and bananapeel resulted 0.013U/ml. Isolate 6-2, gram positive bacteria can degrade cellulose by using cellulase enzyme. On the application cellulase enzyme activity on bananapeel was higher than the others.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular