Judul: Lontar Liquid Sugar Solution Injection for Increasing the Vitality of Host Plants and Productivity of Lac
Abstrak: Lak merupakan resin yang berasal dari sekresi kutu lak (Laccifer lacca Kerr) pada inang kesambi. Lak memiliki kegunaan untuk cat, tinta, farmasi, kosmetik, industri elektrik, industri pelapisan permukaan (surface coating industry), industri kembang gula, pelapis buah dan sayuran, minuman ringan, dan pewarna untuk industri tekstil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari penggunaan teknik pompa injeksi dan multi injektor untuk menginjeksikan larutan gula cair lontar ke pohon kesambi agar dapat meningkatkan vitalitas tanaman inang dan produktivitas lak. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Percobaan ini memiliki dua faktor. Faktor pertama terdiri dari 2 level yaitu teknik pompa injeksi dan multi injektor. Faktor kedua terdiri dari 4 level yaitu larutan gula cair lontar (LGCL) konsentrasi: 0 ppm (air), 3000 ppm, 6000 ppm, dan 9000 ppm. Setiap unit percobaan diulang 3 kali (3 pohon). LGCL diinjeksikan ke lubang bor yang telah dibuat dengan teknik pompa injeksi dan multi injektor (gravitasi). Percobaan dilakukan selama 5 bulan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada produksi dan kualitas lak dengan mengukur berat dan mutu lak. Vitalitas tanaman inang diukur menggunakan parameter pertumbuhan diameter ranting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik injeksi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah serapan nutrisi larutan gula cair lontar (LGCL). Pohon kesambi memiliki berat jenis 1,01 dan pori-pori kayu yang sangat kecil sehingga translokasi air dan nutrisi berjalan sangat lambat. Teknik pompa injeksi meningkatkan serapan LGCL sebanyak 5,3% dibandingkan dengan teknik multi injektor. Injeksi LGCL tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan diameter ranting pohon kesambi (vitalitas). Pertumbuhan diameter ranting pada penelitian ini tergolong lambat, yaitu sebesar 0,3 cm/5 bulan pengamatan pada semua konsentrasi LGCL. Sementara itu, injeksi LGCL berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat lak yang dihasilkan. Berat lak yang dihasilkan pada injeksi LGCL 9000 ppm lebih besar (13,7 g) dibandingkan dengan injeksi LGCL 3000 ppm (1,28 g). Namun pada injeksi LGCL 0 ppm (air) menunjukkan berat lak yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan injeksi LGCL 9000 ppm. Kualitas lak yang dihasilkan belum memenuhi standar kadar air dan abu lak. Kadar air lebih besar dari 2,5%, sedangkan kadar abunya berkisar antara 0,63–0,65%. Namun warna dan besar butiran lak memenuhi standar mutu SNI yaitu, lak berwarna kuning kecoklatan memenuhi standar mutu P (Kualitas Pertama) dan besar butiran memenuhi standar mutu D (Kualitas Kedua). Kandungan senyawa aktif lak yang dominan yaitu oleic acid dan methyl 6-hydroxyoctadecanote., Lac is a resin produced by the secretion of a small insect of Laccifer lacca in Kesambi host trees. Lac resin is useful for paint, ink, pharmacy, cosmetics, electricity, coating (candy, fruits, and vegetables), soft drink, and dyeing in the textile industry. This research's objectives were to study the utilization of injection pump technique and multiple injectors to inject lontar liquid sugar solution in kesambi host plant for increasing the vitality of host plants and productivity of lac. The experimental design used was factorial in a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of two factors. The first factor was injection techniques; the second factor was the concentration of lontar liquid sugar solution (LLSS). The first factor consisted of two levels: injection pump technique and multiple injectors; the second factor consisted of four levels: 0 ppm (water),
Keyword: injection pump, insect lac, kesambi, lac, Laccifer lacca, multiple injector

Judul: Investment Opportunity and Strategy in Developing Laccifer Lacca KERR Cultivation Bussines : Case Study at KPH Probolinggo Perum Perhutani Unit II East Java
Abstrak: Shellac flea Laccifer lacca Kerr is a kind of fitofag insect, which is living at Kesambi Tree (Schleichera oleosa Merr). During its life cycle, shellac flea has been producing secretion in liquid form, known as LAK and having many uses, such as varnish/polish, food cover, drug capsule, cassette ribbon, etc. In 2005, Perum Perhutani has produced 60 547 kg LAK pellets, but has not fulfilled yet market demand. Cultivation technique is still conducted in a very sampling, and easy to be studied. Investment in developing shellac flea is also profitable, and promising. There are two choices of management schemes in it cultivate, the first is by infecting shellac flea to the host tree when the tree is 15 years old (project I) and the second is by infecting shellac flea when the tree is 4 years old (project I). Financially, the Project II is more beneficial than Project I, so that the investment for project II is reasonable to be done. The value of NPV + 22 321 052 395, IRR 16.9%, BCR 1.55 and Net B/C 3.71 with discounted payback period for 10 year 8 months. SWOT analyzing was used in design strategy to face the competition in business world. Strategy of SO (Strength Opportuniy) in SWOT analyzing could be applied in Perum Perhutani to develop shellac flea cultivation in the future.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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