Judul: Effectivity of various doses of glycerol in tris extender and equilibration time on frozen semen quality of crossbred etawah bucks
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to determine the optimum dose of glycerol in Tris extender and equilibration time in maintaining frozen semen quality of crossbred Etawah bucks. This research consist of two sections: (i) evaluation of various glycerol doses (5, 6 and 7 percent) and (ii) evaluation of various equilibration time (1, 2, 3 and 4 hours), both in tris extender. Results of the first experiment indicated that the mean percentage of post thawing motility, live, intact plasma membrane and intact acrosomal cap of spermatozoa in 6% glycerol (52.60%, 65.03%, 45.63% and 47.54% respectively)were significantly higher (P< 0.05) than in 5% (44.31%, 52.00%, 37.60% and 37.00%) and 7% glycerol (45.28%, 52.10%, 37.97% and 37.14%).
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Judul: Kriopreservasi Semen Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) Menggunakan Pengencer Tris-kuning telur dan Tris-soya dengan Modifikasi Karbohidrat dan Krioprotektan Berbeda
Abstrak: Artificial Insemination (AI) is known as a technology to improve the genetic quality of goats in Indonesia. AI in goat is still limited in its practical use; this is related to a variety of constraints, which one of those would be the guarded quality of frozen semen. The quality of frozen semen is determined by various factors, including the freezing techniques, the diluents and cryoprotectants. Buck frozen semen produced by AI centers usually use Tris-egg yolk (TEY) diluent. Egg yolk of animal origin has been recognized as a highly potential media allowing transfer microorganism to female tract through AI. Therefore, some research studies have been focusing to find another diluents using soy extract as an alternative of diluent. Preservation of buck semen using soy extract contains plant phospolipid has not been well studied. Dissacharide (trehalose) or trissacharide (raffinose) acts as an energy source as well as an extracellular cryoprotectants in diluents of frozen semen; these would aid in protecting the sperm during freezing process. Dimethylformamide (DMF) has smaller molecules than glycerol may act as a beneficial cryoprotectant when it is added into the diluents, showing a better effect in protecting the sperm membrane during freezing. This study was conducted in two steps: 1) Preserved liquid semen using tris-egg yolk (TEY) and tris-soya (TS) diluents with either trehalose and raffinose supplementation; 2) Produced frozen semen using TEY and TS with supplementation of the combination showing the best results in step 1. Both diluents used DMF and glycerol as the cryoprotectants. Semen were collected from three sexually mature bucks using artificial vagina, evaluated and divided into six aliquot treatment groups. Each of aliquot diluted with TEY and TS supplemented with 50 mM trehalose or raffinose, which contain 50x106 sperm concentration per 0.2 mL volume. All of them kept in refrigerator in 5°C. The progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane intact (PMI) were evaluated every 12 hours up to the time when only 50% of sperm display motility. The combination of trehalose or raffinose based showing the best results in analysis during the step 1 was added with TEY and TS diluents, supplemented with glycerol and DMF cryoprotectants in frozen semen process. Extended semen were kept in minitub straw, containing 100x106 sperm/0.25 mL. Equilibration time was 4 hours in 5°C, then freeze in N2 vaporated for 10 minutes in styrofoam box. The result showed that semen quality from three bucks were good, such as the average of volume was 1.29±0.21 mL, creamy and thick in consistency. The concentration was 3608.33±657.70x106/mL, motility was 77.78±2.56%, viability was 85.13±4.38%, PMI was 77.72±3.52% and abnormality was 7.51±2.88%. The motility of sperm kept in liquid semen diluents, TEY supplemented with trehalose or raffinose gave better result, it can be maintained sperm motility up to 50% for 72-84 hours, compared to TS diluent (48-60 hours) (P<0.05). TEY diluent supplemented with trehalose can maintained sperm motility longer (52.82±3.21%) for 84 hours, compared to raffinose supplementation (51.78±4.41%) and control (51.11±4.86%) for 72 hours. The viability of sperm evaluation showed 6-9% higher than sperm motility percentage, while the percentage of PMI gave similar percentage
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Judul: Fungsi keluarga bagi anak jalanan di perkotaan : Kasus anak-anak jalanan di sekolah binaan YNDN, Pasar Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan
Abstrak: Fenomena yang menyebabkan munculnya anak jalanan berkaitan dengan ekonomi keluarga. Pendapatan orangtua yang rendah sehinggan tidak mampu lagi memenuhi kebutuhan keluarga, memaksa anak untuk ikut bekerja. Apalagi pada masa krisis seperti sekarang ini, kepala kelaurga (ayah) mengerahkan seluruh anggota keluarga untuk bekerja mempertahankan hidupnya. Tidak sedikit anak-anak yang menjadi korban ekploitasi orangtua. Sehingga mengakibatkan mereka keluar rumah untuk mencari ketenangan dan pergaulan yang baru. Anak-anak bekerja di tempat-tempat umum (pasar, jalanan dan lain-lain), mereka sering menghadapi masalah seperti kriminalitas, obat-obat terlarang, preman, aparat pemerintah dan sebagainya. Maka peran LSM sangat dibutuhkan bagi anak- anak jalanan dalam memberikan perhatian tentang keberadaan mereka. Dengan demikian yang menjadi permasalahan yaitu bagaimanakah kondisi anak jalanan di perkotaan, dan sejauh mana pengaruh peran keluarga bagi anak jalanan, dan sebaliknya?, selain itu bagaimanakah peran LSM dalam mempengaruhi anak jalanan?
Keyword: fungsi keluarga