Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Daily activities of hospital are continuously delivering sewage on the receiving water environment. Part of the sewage is believed to be pathogenic and potentially damaging. The hospital's liquid waste is mostly containing microorganism, poisonous chemicals, radioactive matters, and other substances endangering the water environment. Hence. the hospital could ct as a source of illness, if not having a proper treatment on its sewage. This research a aimed to: (1) Analyzing the organic sewage from the hospital to the receiving water, (2) Analyzing the community perception on the sewage and its effect on their socio-economic condition, (3) Analyzing the behavior of the organic wastes in the water environment. Comparing the result of laboratory analysis to the Minister of Environment"s Decree No identified the pollution level. Kep-58/MENLH112J1995. Oneway ANOV A test on random group design was used for determining the different contents of organic sewage of the water environment The community perception and the effect of the hospital waste on the socio-economic condition were analyzed by using Chisquare method, while the behavior of the organic waste was analyzed using the Powersim 2.Sc. The result of the analysis shows that: (1) The receiving waters around the hospitals are having a high value in TSS, turbidity, BOD, COD, DO, Ammo~ Nitrate, Coliform, and E. coli. These IPgh parameter values indicate that the water environment has been polluted by the organic sewage from the hospitals. (2) The community has a negative perception on the hospital sewage problem, however this has no effect on their socioeconomic condition. (3) The increasing value of the parameters before sewage treatment consistent according to the increment of the total number of patients. (4) When the sewage treatment program is implemented such as the sewage processing installation, there will be a decreasing trend in the parameters value, except for the BOD, Coliform and E. coli which area estimated to remain above the standard. It is recommended that: (1) a sewage treatment should be carried out on the hospital wastes, before disposed to the receiving water environment. (2) A proper sewage treatment plant should be installed according to the regulation enforcement and socialization of the awareness on the needs of clean environment.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: TPA Cipayung has been operated since 1992, at Cipayung, Pancoran Mas, Kota Depok. To face the problem around TPA Cipayung, it is important to development management some analysis. The research purpose of this research were: 1) to explain environmental quality, social, economic and health condition around Cipayung garbage’s TPA area at Depok city. 2) to analyse policy strategy that related to effort of managemant of Cipayung garbage’s TPA at Depok city. 3) to design alternative policy of management of Cipayung garebage’s TPA at Depok city. The research methods used descriptive analysis to analyze the quality of up down wells, BAP, lindi water, and microbiology. Then, the results were compared with Permenkes RI No. 416/MenKes//Per/IX/1990, Kriteria Mutu Air PPRI No.28/2001. Gol. III, Baku Mutu: SK Gubernur Jawa Barat No. 6/1999. Sampel water analysis was conducted in laboratory of PT. Mutu Agung Lestari. The condition of social economy and health in location around of TPA Cipayung were analyzed by descriptive analyzed. Data of interview result with profesional about policy of management TPA Cipayung was analyzed with AHP method, using expert choice 2000 program. Analysis of garbage management model in TPA Cipayung using Microsoft Office Excel and Stimulation model analysis of dinamic system using Stella software vertion 8.0. The result of this analysis show the physical variabel of water quality in three location still under NAB that were permitted. Except the temperatur variabel have rather high than NAB. The result of many chemical variabel in three location sampel have high then NAB that permitted, such as Fe, Mn, NO2 -N, BOD5, COD, DO, Zn, and Fenol. The result of social economy aspect are there is some problems around TPA Cipayung and the benefiit of economy that TPA Cipayung’s society can get. Health of society in location around TPA Cipayung in general, suffering diare, fever, skin infection and ispa.The result of Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) showed that (1) alternative of policy is the optimalization of garbage management, (2) the optimalization of cleaning service, (3) third priority is the increase of stakeholder’s participation. (4) law enforcement. The result of garbage management strategy analisys in TPA Cipayung recomendation program 3R+1P, start from the garbage source, until the garbage that throw in to TPA getting low and can minimalize the garbage transportation cost to TPA.
Keyword: Sanitary Landfill, Unit Pengolahan Sampah (UPS), West Java, Analytical Hierarcy Process

Judul: Pricing of Lookback Options with Floating Strike Price Using The Monte Carlo Method
Abstrak: Opsi lookback adalah opsi yang payoff-nya bergantung pada harga saham terbesar atau harga saham terkecil yang dicapai selama masa berlaku opsi. Opsi lookback dikatakan dengan floating strike price jika nilai dari strike price sebesar harga saham pada saat jatuh tempo. Nilai hampiran opsi lookback ditentukan dengan metode Monte Carlo, sedangkan nilai eksak didapat dari nilai simulasi terbesar yang mampu dihitung oleh komputer. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, nilai galat relatif yang dihasilkan semakin kecil dengan semakin bertambah banyaknya simulasi yang dilakukan, sehingga metode Monte Carlo untuk menghitung harga opsi lookback dengan floating strike price konvergen ke nilai eksaknya., Lookback option is an option whose payoff depends on the maximum or minimum of the asset price reached during the option period. The lookback option is said to be a floating strike price if the value of the strike price is equal to the stock price at maturity. The value of the lookback option is determined by the Monte Carlo method, while the exact value is obtained from the largest simulation value that the computer can compute. Based on the calculation results, the resulting relative error value get smaller with the increasing number of simulations performed. Therefore, the Monte Carlo method to calculate the price of the lookback option with the floating strike price converges to the exact value.
Keyword: lookback option, floating strike price, Monte Carlo method, convergent