Judul: Optimasi dan Evaluasi Mikrokapsul Ibuprofen Tersalut Lilin Lebah
Abstrak: Ibuprofen is a non-steroid anti-inflammatory drug for treating rheumatoid arthritis. It has a short biological half-life and can impose gastrointestinal irritation, so that a controlled drug release system is required, one of which is by microencapsulation technique. In this research, microencapsulation of ibuprofen was done by emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Variation of ibuprofen:beeswax ratio (1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) and concentration of gelatine emulsifier (1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5%) were tested to obtain optimum microcapsule. The yield of microencapsulation were varied from 77.17 to 88.84%. The highest encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen was 93.78%, obtained in microcapsule with beeswax-ibuprofen ratio 1:1 and gelatine concentration 2%. Variation concentration of gelatine significantly influenced the encapsulation efficiency at ratio 1:3. Microcapsule with the highest encapsulation efficiency released 38.22% of ibuprofen in gastric fluid simulation medium for 6 hours. The kinetics of ibuprofen release followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The microcapsule particles size ranged from 200 to 250 μm. Based of these results, it was concluded that microencapsulation of ibuprofen with beeswax can maintain the release rate of drug in intestine.
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Judul: Optimasi dan Evaluasi Mikrokapsul Ibuprofen Tersalut Polipaduan Poliasamlaktat−Lilin Lebah
Abstrak: Microencapsulation is a technique to encapsulate active ingredients by coating materials so called microcapsules. Microencapsulation of drugs in a polymeric matrix can control the release of drugs. In this experiment, microencapsulation of ibuprofen was done by emulsion-solvent evaporation methods. Coating materials used were polyblend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and beeswax due to its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Gelatin was used as an emulsifier. The microencapsulation was carried out in various polyblend compositions of PLA:beeswax (6:4, 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1) and concentrations of emulsifier (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). The encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen was higher than 80% in microcapsule with ratio of polyblend (PLA:beeswax) 9:1. The concentration of emulsifier is not significantly affected by encapsulation efficiency. Percent release of ibuprofen is directly proportional to the encapsulation efficiency. Kinetics of ibuprofen release followed Korsmeyer- Peppas kinetic model with mechanism of drug release based on super case-II transport. The microcapsule particle size ranged from 30 to 180 μm with homogeneous dispersion of the core within the polymeric matrix.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular