Judul: Hubungan Struktur dan Komposisi Jenis Tumbuhan Dengan Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Hutan Mangrove Suaka Margasatwa Karang Gading dan Langkat Timur Laut Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Pantai Karang Gading dan Langkat Timur Laut provinsi Sumatera Utara merupakan satu-satunya kawasan konservasi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara yang ditumbuhi hutan mangrove. Berdasarkan pengamatan di lapangan, menunjukkan kawasan tersebut sebagai Suaka Margasatwa mempunyai kepentingan yang cukup signifikan untuk diteliti: (1) Kawasan hutan di Karang Gading dan Langkat Timur Laut merupakan habitat berbagai satwa liar (2) Hutan mangrove di daerah yang bersangkutan membentuk ekosistem mangrove dengan hamparan yang cukup kompak dan luas (3) Belum banyak penelitian hubungan antara burung dengan mangrove.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Hutan Mangrove Krueng Bayeun, Kabupaten Aceh Timur Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
Abstrak: Mangrove forest is one of the important ecosystems that support the lives of many wildlife species including birds. Birds use mangrove forests as the place for searching food, mating and resting. Nowadays, the condition of mangrove forest in East Aceh is threatened by human activities, such as logging and clearing of land to be used as fishponds, and this consequently makes habitats for birds are getting smaller. On the other side, mangrove forest in East Aceh was estimated to have high diversity of birds, including several protected species. This research was important to provide data on habitat potentials and the diversity of birds in East Aceh. The aims of the study were to measure bird diversity and to identify mangrove potentials as a habitat for bird. It is also expected that the results of this study can be used as a consideration for an ecologically-sound development in the area. The study was conducted in four zones (3 mangroves and 1 fish pond) for 1 months (from June to July 2008). Vegetation analysis using transects was conducted to assess the habitat condition, whilst MacKinnon species list and Point Count methods were applied to collect data on bird diversity and abundance. Twenty-three species of mangroves were identified in the study area. MacKinnon Species List recorded 43 bird species consisted of 23 families. Using point count, 23 birds species were recorded (consisted of 17 families). The highest diversity was found in zone III (H’=2.60), whilst the the lowest was found in zone I (H’=1.44). It was suggested that the high bird diversity in zone III was influenced by the more diverse habitat components available in that zone compare to those in other zones. . The most abundant species in the entire study area was olive-backed sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis). This was caused by the availability of many mangrove flowers in the zone. Most birds used vegetation at the heights of around 3-5 meters above the ground The types of disturbance on birds in the area could be categorized into direct and indirect disturbance. Direct disturbance included egg poaching and hunting while indirect disturbance included mangrove clearing for fish pond and wood harvesting.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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