Judul: Utilization of Corn Steep Liquor as an Alternative Medium for Lactococcus Lactis in the Production of Bacteriocin
Abstrak: Limbah cair jagung (LCJ) merupakan limbah industri yang melimpah. LCJ juga dikenal sebagai sumber karbon, protein, dan vitamin sehingga mulai dimanfaatkan sebagai media alternatif untuk pertumbuhan mikroba. Selain itu, LCJ juga sudah digunakan sebagai media alternatif untuk produksi bakteriosin dari berbagai bakteri asam laktat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggunakan LCJ sebagai media alternatif pertumbuhan Lactococcus lactis dalam menghasilkan bakteriosin. Bakteriosin yang digunakan diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode cakram. Hasilnya adalah bakteriosin yang dihasilkan dari media LCJ memberikan nilai aktivitas antibakteri lebih tinggi daripada dari media komersilnya yaitu media de Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS). Oleh karena itu, LCJ berpotensi dijadikan media alternatif untuk menghasilkan bakteriosin oleh bakteri asam laktat Lactococcus lactis., Corn steep liquor (CSL) is an abundant industrial waste. CSL is also known as a source of carbon, protein, and vitamins so that it is starting to be used as an alternative medium for microbial growth. In addition, CSL has also been used as an alternative medium for the production of bacteriocins from various lactic acid bacteria. This study aimed to use CSL as an alternative growth medium for Lactococcus lactis to produce bacteriocins. The bacteriocin used was tested for its antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus using disc method. The result showed that the bacteriocin produced from CSL media has a higher antibacterial activity than that of the commercial medium that is de Man Rogosa and Sharpe medium (MRS). Therefore, CSL has the potential to be used as an alternative medium to produce bacteriocin by lactic acid bacteria Lactococcus lactis.
Keyword: antibacterial, bacteriocin, corn steep liquor, Lactococcus lactis, Staphylococcus aureus

Judul: Isolation and characterization lactid acid bacteria producing bacteriocins from corn fermented milk
Abstrak: Corn milk is one of diversification product in the society as a nutrition source selection than staple food. Corn milk is low durability due to contamination spoilage bacteria. The use of chemical preservatives can be used to keep the spoilage bacteria contamination but these preservatives are very harmfull to humans. The research study purpose is isolation and identification of lactid acid bacteria producing bacteriocin from fermented corn for biopreservatives on corn milk. Isolation of lactid acid bacteria (LAB) from fermented corn was done spontaneously with 3 treatments and 2 replications. The first treatment of the tube was opened and not heated (JMB), the tube was closed and not heated (JMT) and the tube was closed and heated (JMA). Screening LAB performed was used the best flavour as a organoleptic test. The selected LAB as the best organoleptic characteristics, also able to maintain the flavor after 6 months of storage at 40C of temperature. The bacteria was found will be selected by direct antagonism method with stab inoculation againts indicator bacteria strain Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The bacteria that produced a clear zone was chosen to next selection by using well diffusion method. The LAB screening results of organoleptic tests and producing antimicrobial compounds then observed of growth phase. The 13 isolates were tested by using well diffusion methods which used S. aureus as microbial test in pH 4, pH 6 after that protease treatments. Consumer acceptance of the BAL inoculation were measured and analyzed using hedonic value based Fredman test. The chosen bacteria was identification by 16S rRNA. Total of 33 isolates were obtained. The first until third treatment obtained 22, 7, and 5 isolates respectively. The selected LAB is a bacteria by the widest clear zone is Lactobacillus JMB 9, Lactobacillus JMB 13 dan Lactobacillus JMT 6. Lactobacillus JMB 4 and Lactobacillus JMB 6 as BAL candidate who can give the best flavor. Direct antagonist screening method obtained 13 isolates that produce inhibitory effects on Sthapylococcus aureus and E.coli. Based on the screening results obtained Lactobacillus JMB 6 has the ability to produce inhibition in pH 6. The addition of protease make a disturb of bacteriocins activity. The antimicrobial substance produced by Lactobacillus JMB 6 can be concluded as a bacteriocins. The addition of bacteriocins treatment and inoculation of lactic acid bacteria showed preference value not significantly different scents. Bacteriocins added and bacterial selected inoculation on corn milk showed that all treatments have the ability to retain flavor. Identification bacterial based on 16 sRNA was showed 97% similarity LAB JMB 4 with Lactobacillus plantarum.
Keyword: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), sweet corn, fermented milk, bacteriocin

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii