Judul: Pengaruh Jenis Sampah Hayati Terhadap Karakteristik Eko-enzim
Abstrak: Eko-enzim merupakan cairan atau ekstrak enzim hasil proses fermentasi sampah hayati dengan penambahan substrat gula selama tiga bulan. Penelitian eko-enzim telah banyak dilakukan, namun pemanfaatan sebagai bahan cairan desinfektan, handsanitizer, serta obat kumur belum banyak meskipun secara empiris dipercaya dapat menangkal penyebaran Covid-19. Penelitian bertujuan mengkarakterisasi eko-enzim berdasarkan beberapa parameter, serta memperoleh karakter eko-enzim dari dua jenis sampah hayati yang berbeda. Rumus eko-enzim yaitu gula: bahan: air sebanyak 1: 3: 10. Analisis uji meliputi organoleptik, proksimat, total gula, kadar alkohol, total asam, asam askorbat, pH, total bakteri asam, serta identifikasi mikroba. Berdasarkan penelitian eko-enzim sayur mengandung total asam organik serta total bakteri asam yang tinggi pada minggu ke-12, sedangkan eko-enzim buah mengandung total gula dan kadar alkohol yang lebih tinggi serta pH larutan yang lebih asam. Mikroba eko-enzim teridentifikasi berasal dari kelompok kapang, khamir, dan bakteri. Peluang eko-enzim menangkal penyebaran Covid-19 disebabkan kandungan etanol serta asam organik yang saling bersinergi. Identifikasi mikroba dilakukan berdasarkan morfologi sehingga perlu uji patogenisitas untuk mengkonfirmasi keamanan produk eko-enzim. Oleh karena itu, eko-enzim masih sebatas untuk pemakaian luar.
Keyword: alcohol, biowaste, organic acids, Covid-19, eco enzymes

Judul: Eco-enzyme Fermentation Characters of Pineapple and Lemon Peels
Abstrak: Setiap tahun sampah di Indonesia semakin meningkat, seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, khususnya sampah organik berupa sisa makanan. Kesadaran masyarakat dalam melakukan pengolahan sampah cukup rendah, menyebabkan sampah akan menumpuk di tempat pembuangan akhir (TPA), dan menimbulkan masalah lingkungan. Sampah perlu didaur ulang untuk mengurangi penumpukan sampah. Salah satu contohnya dengan membuat eco-enzyme. Eco-Enzyme adalah larutan zat organik kompleks yang dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi, dibuat dari sisa bahan organik berupa kulit buah dicampurkan molase dan air di dalam botol kaca dengan perbandingan 3:1:10, disimpan dalam suhu ruang selama 3 bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan karakter fermentasi eco-enzyme menggunakan kulit nanas (Ananas comosus) dan kulit lemon (Citrus limon). Fermentasi diamati dengan mengukur penurunan pH, total gula, dan total plate count(TPC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai pH eco-enzyme mengalami penurunan selama proses fermentasi. Tingkat keasaman eco-enzyme rendah disebabkan banyak asam organik dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi. Gula reduksi mengalami peningkatan seiring fermentasi, menunjukkan karbohidrat kompleks pada telah dipecah dengan adanya enzim pada eco-enzyme. Jumlah mikroorganisme pada kedua produk eco-enzyme tidak berbeda nyata, terdapat sedikit koloni bakteri pada media CMC dan TSB. Peningkatan asam organik menyebabkan penurunan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme dan kadar gula reduksi dalam eco-enzyme., Every year, waste in Indonesia is increasing, in line with increasing population, especially organic waste in the form of food scraps. Public awareness in conducting waste management is low, causing waste to accumulate in landfills and environmental problems. Garbage needs to be recycled, by making eco-enzymes. Eco-Enzyme is a solution of complex organic substances, made from leftover organic matter mixed with molasses and water in a glass bottle with a ratio of 3:1:10, stored at room temperature for 3 months. This study aims to determine the comparison of eco-enzyme fermentation characters using pineapple peels (Ananas comosus) and lemon peels (Citrus limon). Fermentation was observed by measuring the decrease in pH, total sugar, and total plate count. The results showed that pH value of the eco-enzyme decreased during fermentation process. Eco-enzyme acidity level is low because a lot of organic acids are produced from fermentation process. Reducing sugar increases with fermentation, indicating that complex carbohydrates have been broken down in the presence of enzymes in eco-enzymes. The number of microorganisms was not significantly different, there were few bacterial colonies on the CMC and TSB media. The increase in organic acids causes a decrease in the growth of microorganisms and reduces sugar.
Keyword: Ecoenzyme, Fermentation, lemon peel, Pineapple peel

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm