Judul: Identifikasi Ganoderma spp dan Trichoderma spp menggunakan marka molekuler ITS-RFLP
Abstrak: Genetic informations of Ganoderma spp and Trichoderma spp are needed because Ganoderma spp is one of important fungi patogen in estate crops, whereas Trichoderma spp is fungi that can control Ganoderma spp. Research has been conducted to identify the fungi morphologically and physiologically. Due to the low level of accuracy, the use of ITS-RFLP method is expected to identify the species of Trichoderma spp and Ganoderma spp more accurate and specific. The method used are preparation of pure isolates, genomic DNA isolation, amplification by PCR using primers ITS1_ITS4 and ITS5_ITS4, digesting with restriction enzymes AluI, MspI, MluI, and MnlI, and sequencing amplicons. The size of genomic DNA isolated from six samples were about 3000 bp. Trichoderma spp amplicons size were 680 bp, whereas Ganoderma spp amplicons were ranged from 600 to 700 bp. Restriction enzymes that produce the most polymorphic bands pattern are MspI. Samples with different patterns and size of bands indicated a different species, whereas the similar pattern and size of bands shows close relations.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Restriction enzyme, PCR, ITS-RFLP, Ganoderma spp, Trichoderma spp

Judul: Identifikasi Ganoderma spp. Menggunakan Teknik DNA Barcoding
Abstrak: Oil palm is one of comodity plantation which is very important. One of the problems faced by the oil palm plantations are disease, namely Basal Stem Rot (BSR) which caused by Ganoderma spp. If plants were attacked by BSR, sooner or later, they would die and the production will decreased significantly. Consequently, in order to have an effective control of Ganoderma, an accurate identification is needed. This could be achieved by molecular techniques through DNA Barcoding method. The aim of this study was to is to find a specific primer for the identification of Ganoderma spp. that attack estate crops and their shade trees. Based on this research, it showed that the primer pair ITS1_F/ITS4_B has a high percentage of the ability to identify isolates of Ganoderma spp. compared with the other primer pairs, which are primer BenA F/ BenA_R, Gan_ITS1_F/Gan_ITS1_R, CO1_PenF1/CO1_PenR1, CO1_B_F/ CO1_B_R, and Gan_ITS2_F/Gan_ITS2_R. The primer pair ITS1_F/ITS4_B had a potential as a DNA barcode for identification of Ganoderma species.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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