Judul: Multi-UAV Coordination for Monitoring Paddy Fields using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and 2-Opt Algorithms
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengembangkan algoritme koordinasi multi-UAV untuk pemantauan lahan sawah menggunakan algoritme Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) dan 2-opt. Dalam penelitian ini, citra satelit Sentinel-2 berupa citra sawah digunakan sebagai lingkungan simulasi untuk sistem multi-UAV. Setelah algoritme koordinasi multi-UAV dikembangkan, pengujian dilakukan untuk melihat performa algoritme dari segi jarak optimum dan waktu komputasi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata jarak lintasan UAV yang diperoleh dengan algoritme yang dikembangkan menurun sebesar 2% dibandingkan dengan hanya menggunakan algoritme ACO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan algoritme 2-opt tidak meningkatkan waktu komputasi secara signifikan. Selain itu, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa algoritme ACO dan 2-opt yang dikembangkan dalam beberapa kasus yang diujikan dapat menghasilkan lintasan yang lebih pendek daripada algoritme ACO saja., This study developed a multi-UAV coordination algorithm for monitoring paddy fields using Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) and 2-opt algorithms. In this study, Sentinel-2 satellite images in the form of paddy fields were used as a simulation environment for multi-UAV system. After the multi-UAV coordination algorithm was developed, tests were carried out to see the performance of the algorithm in terms of optimum distance and computational time. Results show that the average UAV trajectory distance obtained with the developed algorithm decreased by 2% compared to the original ACO algorithm alone. Results showed that the use of 2-opt algorithm did not significantly increase the computational time. In addition, the results also show that the ACO and 2-opt algorithms developed in several tested cases can provide a shorter trajectory than the ACO algorithm alone.
Keyword: Ant Colony Optimization, citra Sentinel-2, multi-UAV, pemantauan, 2-opt

Judul: Pengembangan Metode SAMSOA pada Multi-UAV untuk Surveillance dan Pemupukan Lahan Pertanian
Abstrak: Dalam koordinasi multi-UAV, metode zig-zag telah terbukti sebagai cara paling efisien dalam menelusuri suatu wilayah dalam segi persebaran spasial. Namun, metode ini tidak adaptif terhadap kerusakan sistem. Penelitian ini mengusulkan metode koordinasi multi-UAV dengan perencanaan gerak dinamis berdasarkan search-attack self-organized algorithm (SAMSOA). SAMSOA dikembangkan dari Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) dan digunakan untuk menyelesaikan misi search-attack. Pada penelitian ini, SAMSOA akan dimodifikasi untuk surveillance dan pemupukan secara bersamaan. Evaluasi algoritma dilakukan dengan membandingkan SAMSOA dan metode zig-zag konvensional dalam dua skenario dimana; (1) seluruh UAV dapat berkerja dengan normal dan; (2) beberapa UAV rusak. Performa algoritma dianalisis berdasarkan waktu total untuk menyelesaikan misi. Hasil simulasi menunjukan bahwa dalam semua skenario, SAMSOA membutuhkan waktu penyelesaian lebih sedikit dari metode konvensional.
Keyword: lahan pertanian, multi-UAV, pemupukan, SAMSOA, surveillance

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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