Judul: Perubahan Struktur Fenantrena Selama Proses Biodegradasi oleh Bakteri Bacillus altitudinis
Abstrak: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic pollutants that are present in environment. Some bacterial species have ability to metabolize these compounds and use them as energy sources for their growth. Bacillus altitudinis was used to degrade phenanthrene, a three-ring aromatic PAH. The maximum degradation rate (14%) was obtained when Bacillus altitudinis was cultured for 28 days after the addition of 50 ppm phenanthrene to the liquid medium. Furthermore, the degradation was affected by addition of Tween 80 as surfactants. The observation parameters were total plate count (TPC) and pH. The value TPC increased for 28 days cultivation and pH value increased too from 6 to 8 during the 28 days cultivation. The mechanism of degradation was determined through identification of metabolites, the possible pathway of phenanthrene degradation is via phthalic acid. It has been proofed by a mass spectrum of phthalic acid at retention time of 7.607 with match quality of 72.
Keyword: 

Judul: Biodegradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons using Phellinus noxius BRB 11 Isolated from Berbak-Sembilang Biosphere Reserve, Indonesia
Abstrak: Microbial biodegradation of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) mixture is an eco-friendly practice that requires the exploration of efficient bio-degraders. In this study, three fungal species i.e., Phellinus noxius BRB 11, Leiotrametes menziesii BRB 73, and Ceriporia lacerata BRB 81, were screened out for phenanthrene (PHE) degradation. MnP and laccase of each fungus was analysed using microplate reader while PHE degradation was analysed by gas chromatography. The capability of the selected fungus was then performed in the following four single PAHs treatments i.e., PHE, anthracene (ANT), and Benzo (a)pyrene (BaP), and their mixtures i.e., PHE–ANT, PHE–BaP, ANT–BaP, ANT– PHE–BaP. PHE (100 ppm) final concentration was subjected to only crude laccase enzymes of the selected fungus, and with the addition of 1-Hydroxybenzotriazole (1-HBT), 2,2,6,6-Tetramethylpiperidinyloxy (TEMPO), and Violuric acid (VA) as mediators. These mediators were used in 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 4 mM concentration. Toxicity evaluation of degraded and non-degraded PAHs was performed using Vigna radiata and Artemia salina. The results showed that the enzymatic activity was high in BRB 11, and PHE biodegradation results from BRB 11, BRB 73 and BRB 81 i.e. 95%, 24%, and 26%, respectively. Further research was performed using the selected fungus, P. noxius BRB 11. In the single and mixture PAHs degradation experiment, all PAHs except for ANT was degraded above 90%. While BaP was degraded higher than its single degradation. During the degradation, ten metabolites were detected by GCMS and bio-detoxification was observed in all the treated samples. Among mediators used, TEMPO was the most efficient mediator with highest degradation rate on 0.1 mM until 2 mM concentration. PHE degradation was high at 0.1 mM of all mediator concentration, but starts decreasing as 1-HBT and VA mediators approached to higher concentrations. Laccase treated PAH was less toxic to Vigna radiata and Artemia salina than control. This study suggests that Phellinus noxius BRB 11 could be used as a potent PAHs degrader from the environment.
Keyword: Anthracene (ANT), and benzo (a)pyrene (BaP), phenanthren (PHE), degradation, laccase, mediators, Phellinus noxius BRB11, toxicity

Judul: Beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi ruang dada kancil
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan 10 ekor kancil dewasa jantan dan betina dengan tujuan untuk menge- tahui beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi di dalam ruang dada, meliputi jantung, pembuluh darah yang keluar dan ma- suk jantung serta ukuran-ukuran jantung. Kancil merupakan ruminansia terkecil di dunia, hidup di daerah tropika India, Thailand, Malaysia dan Indonesia bagian barat. Hewan ini dilindungi dan mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk hewan penelitian maupun dibudidayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat jantung rаta-rata adalah 0.69% dari berat rata-rata kancil. Dan ini mirip pada jantung kuda dan anjing. Bentuk jantung lonjong seperti halnya ruminansia. Demikian pula letaknya di dalam ruang dada seperti pada ruminansia dengan adanya Ligamentum sternopericardiacum. Di dalam ventrikel kanan membersit sebuah Musculus (M.) papillaris dari dindingnya dan tiga sampai empat Musculi (Mm.) papillares dari Septum interventriculare. Hanya dua buah Mm. papillares yang berukuran besar dibersitkan dari dinding ventrikel kiri. Percabangan Arteri (A.) coronaria sinistra lebih dominan dari pada A. coronaria dextra. Sedangkan A. sub clavia sinistra dicabangkan langsung dari aorta di dorso- caudal pembersitan Truncus (Tr.) brachiocephalicus…
Keyword: