Judul: Analisis Sifat Fisik dan Kimia Cassamore dengan Perlakuan Steam sebagai Pakan Pengganti Jagung yang Mengandung Bungkil Kopra
Abstrak: Cassamore merupakan bahan pakan yang mengandung singkong (cassava), bungkil kopra, daun singkong, dan kelor (Moringa oleifera). Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan steam terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia Cassamore sebagai sumber energi pengganti jagung yang mengandung bungkil kopra. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu, jagung (P0), Cassamore tanpa steaming (P1), Cassamore steaming 5 menit (P2), dan Cassamore steaming 10 menit (P3). Data sifat fisik diuji dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dilanjut uji Duncan, sedangkan data sifat kimia dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sifat fisik Cassamore berbeda dengan jagung. Penambahan waktu steaming selama 5 dan 10 menit pada Cassamore meningkatkan nilai sudut tumpukan, kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, berat jenis, dan kelarutan total. Kandungan nutrien Cassamore setara dengan jagung. Cassamore memiliki kandungan serat kasar yang lebih tinggi namun memiliki energi yang sedikit lebih rendah dari jagung. Cassamore berpeluang menggantikan jagung sebagai sumber energi., The research was conducted to analyze the effect of steam treatment on the physical and chemical properties of cassamore as a substitute energy source for corn containing copra meal. Cassamore is a feed ingredient containing cassava (cassava), copra meal, cassava leaves, and moringa (Moringa oleifera). The treatments were corn (P0), cassamore without steam (P1), cassamore steam 5 minutes (P2), and cassamore steam 10 minutes (P3). Physical properties data were analysed by ANOVA followed by Duncan's test, while chemical properties data were analyzed descriptively. The result of this research showed that the physical properties of cassamore were different from those of corn. The addition of 5 and 10 minutes of steam at the cassamore increased angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, specific density, and total solubility. The nutritional content of casssamore is equivalent to that of corn. Cassamore has a higher crude fiber but slightly lower energy than corn. Cassamore has the opportunity to replace corn as an energy source.
Keyword: cassava, chemical, corn, energy, physic

Judul: Optimization Of Cassamore (Cassava Moringa) Extrusion Process Made From Cassava As A Feed Substitute For Corn
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi suhu dan kadar air proses hydrothermal ekstrusi, serta menganalisa pengaruh ekstrusi terhadap karakteristik kimia pada bahan pakan Cassamore sebagai pakan pengganti jagung. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode response surface methodology melalui aplikasi statistik design expert 13 dengan faktor suhu ekstrusi 100, 110, 120 (ºC) dan kadar air 16, 18, 20 (%). Lalu dilakukan penelitian lanjut untuk sifat fisik dan kimia Cassamore dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Cassamore berpotensi menggantikan jagung. Nilai water absorption index signifikan dengan nilai optimal terletak pada suhu 100 °C dan kadar air 20%, sedangkan nilai water solubility index tidak signifikan. Nilai kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, sudut tumpukan, berat jenis pada Cassamore setelah ekstrusi lebih kecil daripada Cassamore yang sebelum diekstrusi. Nilai kerapatan tumpukan dan kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan pada Cassamore dibawah jagung, sedangkan sudut tumpukan Cassamore diatas jagung. Nilai Berat jenis Cassamore sesudah diekstrusi dibawah jagung. Sifat kimia (abu, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar) mengalami penurunan setelah ekstrusi, sedangkan BETN meningkat setelah ekstrusi., This study aimed to optimize the temperature and water content of the hydrothermal extrusion process, as well as analyze the effect of extrusion on the physical and chemical characteristics of Cassamore feed ingredients as a corn substitute feed. This research method used response surface methodology method through the statistical application design expert 13 with factors of extrusion temperature 100, 110, 120 (ºC) and water content 16, 18, 20 (%). Then further research is carried out for physical properties and chemistry Cassamore used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of three treatments and four replications. The results showed that Cassamore has the potential to replace corn. The water absorption index value is significant with the optimal value located at 100 °C and 20% moisture content, while the water solubility index value is not significant. The values of bulk density, tapped density, angle of respose ST, BJ on Cassamore after being extruded were smaller than those of Cassamore before being extruded. The bulk density and tapped density values for Cassamore were below corn, while Cassamore's angle of respose was above corn. Cassamore's specific grafity value after extruding under corn. Chemical properties (Ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber) decreased after extrusion, NFE increased after extrusion.
Keyword: bungkil inti sawit, ekstrusi, jagung, kelor, singkong

Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model