Judul: Algoritma untuk Dekomposisi Digraf Terboboti dengan Aplikasi Analisis Siklus Kehidupan Dipsacus sylvestris
Abstrak: Life cycle analysis is often carried out by ecologists. Life cycle can be described by digraph (directed graph), which consists of nodes as the stages of life cycle and the edges as the contribution of one life stage to another life stage. Further, the digraph was analyzed using algorithmic graph theory. This approach is done by decomposing weighted digraph by determining the cycle and then remove the edge with the smallest weight in the cycle. This digraph consist of two parts. The first part contains cycles that do not contain contradictory directions. The second contains no cycle. This algorithm ensures that the resulting cycle does not lead the contrary, when applied to the analysis of the life cycle.
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Judul: Pelabelan Komposit Pada Tree, Cycle, dan Graf Tangga.
Abstrak: Suatu Graf G dapat dikatakan memiliki pelabelan komposit jika graf tersebut memenuhi fungsi bijektif f:(V(G)UE(G))→{1,2,3,…,m+n} dan gcd⁡(f(uv),f(vw))≠1 dengan n adalah banyaknya verteks, m banyaknya sisi, dan u,v,w∈V(G). Graf yang memiliki pelabelan komposit disebut graf komposit. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan ditunjukan bahwa tree, cycle, dan graf tangga memiliki pelabelan komposit., A Graph G=(V(G),E(G)) can be said to have composite labeling if the graph fulfills the function of f:(V(G)UE(G))→{1,2,3,…,m+n} and gcd⁡(f(uv),f(vw))≠1 with order n, size m, and u,v,w∈V(G). A graph that admits composite labelling is know as a composite graph. This papper shows that the tree, cycle, and the ladder graph have composite labeling.
Keyword: Tree, cycle, Ladder graph, Composite Labeling

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity