Judul: Analysis In Silico of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var.  Rubrum) Active Compounds as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Abstrak: Pengobatan menggunakan inhibitor asetilkolinesterase (AChE) telah banyak dilakukan, namun obat tersebut masih memberikan banyak efek samping. Penelitian secara in vitro terkait jahe merah telah terbukti berpotensi sebagai inhibitor AChE, namun belum diketahui senyawa dan interaksinya secara in silico. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif jahe merah yang berpotensi menginhibisi AChE serta analisis interaksi yang terjadi secara in silico. Senyawa aktif jahe merah dari literatur ditambatkan ke reseptor AChE, kemudian diprediksi bioavailabilitas dan toksisitas ligannya serta dianalisis interaksinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan galanthamine (ligan alami), donepezil, dan rivastigmine (ligan pembanding) memiliki nilai ∆G sebesar -10,5710, -10,3260, dan -7,3670 kkal/mol serta Ki sebesar 0,0175, 0,0265, dan 3,9261 µM, potensi inhibisi terbaik dimiliki oleh ligan fisetin dan morin dengan ∆G sebesar -10,4250 dan -10,3570 kkal/mol serta Ki sebesar 0,0224 dan 0,0251 µM. Kedua ligan memiliki nilai ∆G lebih negatif daripada ligan pembanding dan berikatan dengan situs aktif secara kuat pada residu asam amino HIS447, sehingga dapat berpotensi sebagai inhibitor kompetitif enzim AChE serta bersifat mudah larut dan tidak toksik bagi tubuh., Treatment using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors has been widely used, but these drugs still have many side effects. In vitro research related to red ginger has shown potential as an AChE inhibitor, but the compounds and their in silico interactions are unknown. This study aims to identify the active compounds in red ginger that have the potential to inhibit AChE and to analyze the interactions that occur in silico. The active compound of red ginger from the literature was tethered to the AChE receptor, then the bioavailability and toxicity of the ligands were predicted and their interactions were analyzed. The results showed that galanthamine (natural ligand), donepezil, and rivastigmine (comparison ligand) had ∆G values of -10.5710, -10.3260 and -7.3670 kcal/mol and Ki of 0.0175, 0.0265, and 3.9261 µM, the best inhibition potential is owned by fisetin and morin ligands with ∆G of -10.4250 and -10.3570 kcal/mol and Ki of 0.0224 and 0.0251 µM. Both ligands have more negative ∆G values than the comparison ligands and bind strongly to the active site on the HIS447 amino acid residue, so they can potentially act as competitive inhibitors of the AChE enzyme and are easily soluble and not toxic to the body.
Keyword: demensia, inhibitor asetilkolinesterase, jahe merah

Judul: Analysis Potency of Red Betel Active Compund as an Inhibitor of Acetylcholinesterase Enzyme Through In Silico
Abstrak: Alzheimer merupakan penyakit yang menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan fungsi kognitif dan merupakan penyebab kematian ketujuh terbesar di dunia. Inhibitor enzim asetilkolinesterase (AChE) merupakan pengobatan alzheimer yang paling banyak berkembang hingga saat ini, namun pengonsumsiannya masih memberikan banyak efek samping. Sirih merah, tanaman yang telah banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan herbal mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang diharapkan dapat berpotensi sebagai inhibitor AChE. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan senyawa aktif sirih merah yang berpotensi dalam menginhibisi enzim AChE secara in silico menggunakan teknik penambatan molekuler. Potensi inhibisi terbaik dimiliki oleh copaene, auron, dan 1,1’-(6,6’-Dihydroxy-5,5’-dimethoxy3,3’-biphenyldiyl)di(1-propanone) dengan nilai ΔG dan Ki berturut-turut sebesar - 7,738; -7,658; dan -5,348 kkal/mol serta Ki 2,045; 2,498; dan 118,9 µM. Ketiga ligan tersebut juga berinteraksi dengan sisi aktif CAS (Catalytic Active Site) atau PAS (Peripheral Aromatic Site) yang berperan penting dalam penghambatan enzim AChE untuk terapi antialzheimer., Alzheimer is a disease that causes the decline of cognitive function and considered as the seventh biggest cause of death in the world. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme inhibitors are the most established treatment for alzheimer until now despite its possible side effects. Red betel, a widely used plant in herbal medication, contains many active compounds which are expected to be potential for AChE inhibitors. The study aims to research the active compound of red betel that has the potential to inhibit the AChE enzyme in silico through molecular docking techniques. The finest inhibitory potentials were possessed by copaene, aurone, and 1,1’-(6,6’ -Dihydroxy- 5,5’ -dimethoxy- 3,3’ -biphenyldiyl)di(1- propanone) indicated correspondingly by the value of ΔG and Ki values -7.738; - 7,658; and -5.348 kcal/mol and Ki 2,045; 2,498; and 118,9 µM. Those three ligands also interacted with the active site CAS (Catalytic Active Site) or PAS (Peripheral Aromatic Site) that plays a fundamental role to inhibit the AChE enzyme for antialzheimer therapy.
Keyword: acetylcholinesterase, alzheimer, molecular docking, red betel

Judul: Penyebaran Tipe Beranak dan dan Rataan Anak Kambing dilahirkan Pada berbagai Umur Induk, Ulangan Beranak, Frekuensi Beranak serta Nisbah Kelaminnya di Desa Ciburuy dan Cigombong
Abstrak: Penelitian i n i dilakukan pada ternak kambing milik penduduk d i tujuh kampung terbanyak dalam populasi ternak kambing dalam desa Ciburuy dan Cigombong. Penelitian dilakukan selama t i g a belas bulan mulai awal September 1982 sampai akhir September 1983.
Keyword: