Judul: Development of Mackerel Fish and Green Mussels Floss as an Alternative High in Protein and Iron Side Dish for Women of Reproductive Age
Abstrak: Kerang hijau merupakan bahan pangan yang kaya akan zat gizi dan cukup dikenal oleh masyarakat luas karena harganya yang terjangkau serta mudah untuk diperoleh. Abon ikan kembung dengan substitusi kerang hijau merupakan salah satu alternatif lauk yang dapat membantu meningkatkan asuan protein dan zat besi pada wanita usia subur. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan serta menganalisis kandungan gizi produk abon berbahan dasar kerang. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga formulasi dengan perbandingan ikan kembung dan kerang hijau yang berbeda, yakni F0 (100:0), F1 (80:20), dan F2 (60:40). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik, karakteristik fisik, dan kandungan gizi, F2 ditetapkan sebagai formula terpilih. Abon formulasi terpilih mengandung kadar air 8,93%, kadar abu 6,04%, protein 34,91%, lemak 27,85%, karbohidrat 22,27%, dan zat besi 6,91mg/100 g. Satu takaran saji abon ikan kembung substitusi kerang hijau setara dengan 1 sdm serta memberikan kontribusi 72 kkal (3,2-3,5%) dari energi sehari wanita usia subur. Abon ikan kembung dan kerang hijau formulasi terpilih memenuhi syarat klaim sebagai produk tinggi protein dan zat besi., Green mussel is a food ingredient rich in nutrients and widely known by the general public due to its affordable price and easy accessibility. Mackerel fish floss with the substitution of green mussel is one alternative dish that can help improve the provision of protein and iron for women of reproductive age. This research aims to develop and analyze the nutritional content of the floss product based on mussels. The study used three different formulations with varying ratios of mackerel fish and green mussel: F0 (100:0), F1 (80:20), and F2 (60:40). Based on organoleptic tests, physical characteristics, and nutritional content analysis, F2 was determined as the selected formula. The selected formulation of the floss contains 8.93% moisture content, 6.04% ash content, 34.91% protein, 27.85% fat, 22.27% carbohydrates, and 6.91mg/100 g of iron. A serving size of the mackerel fish floss with green mussel substitution, equivalent to 1 tablespoon, contributes 72 kcal (3.2-3.5%) of daily energy for woman of reproductive age. The selected formulation of mackerel fish and green mussels floss meets the criteria to claim it as a high-protein and iron product.
Keyword: floss, green mussel, iron, mackerel fish, protein

Judul: Powder Formulation High in Protein, Iron, and Calcium from Rebon Shrimp and Spinach Leaves for Women of Reproductive Age
Abstrak: Anemia merupakan masalah gizi dan kesehatan yang dihadapi masyarakat luas terutama wanita akibat kurangnya asupan pangan sumber zat besi serta keengganan mengonsumsi suplementasi zat besi. Salah satu pencegahan anemia adalah mengonsumsi pangan sumber zat besi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan formulasi olahan udang rebon dan daun bayam sebagai pangan sumber zat besi berupa bubuk tabur yang mudah dijangkau oleh masyarakat luas dan menjadi alternatif untuk meningkatkan asupan zat besi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari formulasi, evaluasi sensori, uji karakteristik fisik, dan analisis kimia. Formulasi dilakukan menggunakan tiga formula dengan perbandingan bubuk udang rebon dan daun bayam yang bervariasi yaitu F1 (70:30), F2 (80:20), dan F3 (90:10). Formula terpilih yaitu F3 yang ditentukan berdasarkan hasil seluruh analisis. Satu takaran saji bubuk tabur yaitu 2,5 g atau setengah sendok teh mengandung 8 kkal energi; 1,3 g protein; 0,1 g lemak; 0,3 g karbohidrat; 1,18 mg zat besi; 119,96 mg kalsium; dan 0,68 mcg asam folat serta mampu memenuhi 0,4% energi; 2,2 % protein; 0,2% lemak; 0,1% karbohidrat; 5,4% kebutuhan zat besi; 11,7% kebutuhan kalsium; dan 0,2% kebutuhan asam folat orang dewasa. Formula terpilih berpotensi memenuhi klaim sebagai pangan tinggi protein, zat besi, dan kalsium. Biaya bahan baku formula terpilih sebesar Rp600,00 per sajian., Anemia is a nutritional and health problem faced by the general public, especially women, due to a lack of food intake from iron sources and a reluctance to consume iron supplementation. One way to prevent anemia is to consume foods that are sources of iron. This research aims to develop a formulation of processed rebon shrimp and spinach leaves as a food source of iron in sprinkled, which is easily accessible to the broader community and is an alternative to increasing iron intake. This research includes formulation, sensory evaluation, physical characteristic tests, and chemical analysis. The formulation was carried out using three formulas with varying ratios of rebon shrimp sprinkle and spinach leaves powder, namely F1 (70:30), F2 (80:20), and F3 (90:10). The selected formula, namely F3, is determined based on the results of all analyzes. One serving of product is 2.5 g or half a teaspoon, contains 8 kcal of energi, 1.4 g protein, 0.1 g fat, 0.3 g carbohydrates, 1.18 mg iron, 119.96 mg calcium, and 0.68 mcg of folic acid and can meet 0.4% of energi, 2.2% protein, 0.2% fat, 0.1% carbohydrates, 5.5% iron requirements, 11.7% calcium requirements, and 0.2% folic acid requirements of adult. The selected formula has the potential to fulfill the claim of being a food high in protein, iron, and calcium. The raw material cost of the selected formula is Rp600.00 per serving size.
Keyword: anemia, iron, powder, rebon shrimp, spinach leaves

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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