Judul: The Diversity of Freshwater Shrimp in East Kalimantan
Abstrak: Udang air tawar tersebar luas di Indonesia, termasuk dalam anggota dari subfilum Crustacea dan ordo Decapoda. Udang air tawar yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia adalah famili Atyidae dan Palaemonidae. Anggota famili Atyidae yang umumnya ditemukan dari genus Caridina, sedangkan anggota famili Palaemonidae yang umumnya ditemukan dari genus Macrobrachium. Informasi mengenai keanekaragaman udang air tawar di Kalimantan Timur belum dilaporkan sedangkan, kualitas perairan di Kalimantan Timur semakin menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya kegiatan ekploitasi sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini akan dimanfaatkan sebagai informasi dasar keanekaragaman jenis udang air tawar untuk masa depan sebelum terjadi perubahan lebih lanjut di wilayah Kalimantan Timur. Metode yang digunakan untuk identifikasi spesies dilakukan dengan mengunakan karakter morfologi dan diverifikasi menggunakan DNA barcoding. Pengamatan karakter morfologi dilakukan dengan kamera dan juga mikroskop stereo. Hasil pengamatan karakter morfologi yang ditemukan kemudian dibandingkan dengan kunci identifikasi dan deskripsi spesies udang air tawar. Analisis DNA barcoding dilakukan dengan tahapan ekstraksi, amplifikasi gen COI, elektroforesis, sekuensing DNA, dan pengolahan data menggunakan MEGA 11 dan mrBayes. Proses analisis data keragaman genetik gen COI antar populasi udang air tawar dilakukan dengan menggunakan DNAsp Penelitian ini melaporkan catatan Keanekaragaman Udang Air Tawar di Kalimantan Timur yaitu terdapat 11 spesies udang air tawar telah terkonfirmasi, famili Palaemonidae berjumlah tujuh spesies yaitu Marobrachium rosenbergii, M. lanchesteri, M. Scabriculum, M. mammillodactylus, M. sintangense, M. equidens dan M. villosimanus, sedangkan famili Atyidae berjumlah 4 spesies yaitu Caridina typus, C. peninsularis, C. gracilipes dan C. propinqua dari famili Palaemonidae. Serta ditemukan distribusi pada spesies M. sintangense di Kalimantan Timur dengan wilayah lain yaitu Jawa merupakan populasi yang berbeda. Populasi M. sintangense di Kalimantan Timur dan Thailand diketahui memiliki keterhubungan genetik, sementara berbeda secara genetik dari populasi di Jawa., Freshwater shrimps are widely distributed in Indonesia, belonging to the subphylum Crustacea and the order Decapoda. The most commonly found freshwater shrimps in Indonesia are from the families Atyidae and Palaemonidae. Members of the family Atyidae are generally found in the genus Caridina, while members of the family Palaemonidae are commonly found in the genus Macrobrachium. Information on the diversity of freshwater shrimps in East Kalimantan has not yet been reported, while the water quality in East Kalimantan continues to deteriorate due to increasing natural resource exploitation activities. This research will serve as baseline information on the diversity of freshwater shrimp species for the future before further changes occur in the East Kalimantan region. The method used for species identification involves morphological character analysis and verification using DNA barcoding. Morphological character observations were conducted with the help of cameras and stereo microscopes. The observed morphological characters were then compared with identification keys and descriptions of freshwater shrimp species. DNA barcoding analysis was carried out through the steps of extraction, COI gene amplification, electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, and data processing using MEGA 11 and MrBayes. Genetic diversity analysis of the COI gene among freshwater shrimp populations was performed using DNAsp. This study reports on the diversity of freshwater shrimp in East Kalimantan, confirming the presence of 11 species. The family Palaemonidae is represented by seven species: Marobrachium rosenbergii, M. lanchesteri, M. scabriculum, M. mammillodactylus, M. sintangense,
Keyword: Caridina, COI, distribution, genetic distance, Marobrachium

Judul: Carapace Morphometry-Geometry Analysis of Freshwater Shrimp (Caridea : Decapoda) Diversity in the Western Part of Mount Salak, West Java
Abstrak: Udang air tawar merupakan fauna akuatik yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia, termasuk Jawa Barat. Karapas merupakan bagian morfologi pada udang air tawar yang banyak digunakan untuk membantu identifikasi dan klasifikasi dari spesies ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman udang air tawar di sisi barat Gunung Salak serta menganalisis variasi spesies melalui analisis morfometri-geometri karapas. Sampling udang air tawar dilakukan secara purpossive kemudian difoto. Foto karapas dari setiap spesies diberi landmark kemudian dihitung koordinat rata-ratanya. Variasi dan hubungan antar spesies dianalisis berdasarkan nilai Relative Warp (RW) menggunakan tpsRelw dan visualisasi pohon Neighbor-Joining (NJ) menggunakan R. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya empat spesies dari genus Macrobrachium di sisi barat Gunung Salak, yaitu M. idae, M. lanchesteri, M. sintangense, dan M. pilimanus. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya variasi besar pada jarak antar gigi pada rostrum dan luas karapas berdasarkan plot ordinasi RW dan deformation grid dengan besar nilai 2 RW utama sebesar 82,21%. M. pilimanus menunjukkan perbedaan variasi paling dominan dibanding ketiga spesies lainnya. Selain itu, spesies M. idae dan M. sintangense diketahui memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang paling dekat dibanding spesies lainnya., Freshwater shrimp is aquatic animals commonly found in Indonesia, including West Java. The carapace serves as a distinguishing characteristic for identifying and classifying these species. This research aims to identify the diversity of freshwater shrimp in the western part of Mount Salak and analyze the species variation using morphometric-geometric carapace analysis. Freshwater shrimp sampling was conducted purposively, then photographed. Photos of the carapaces from each species were digitized through landmarking, and the average coordinates were calculated. The variations and relationships between species were analyzed based on Relative Warp (RW) values using tpsRelw software and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) tree visualization using R software. The results revealed the presence of four species from the Macrobrachium genus in the western part of Mount Salak, including M. idae, M. lanchesteri, M. sintangense, and M. pilimanus. The analysis shows major variations in spacing between teeth on the rostrum and the carapace width based on the RW ordination plot and deformation grid, with the total values of the two main RWs reaching 82.21%. M. pilimanus shows the most distinct variation compared to the other three species. Additionally, M. idae and M. sintangense are the closest related compared to the other species.
Keyword: Udang air tawar, Morfometri Geometri, Karapas, Jawa Barat, Gunung Salak

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4