Judul: The Effects of Activated Charcoal in Water Media on Vibrio parahaemolyticus-Infected Vaname Shrimp Survival and Immune Response
Abstrak: Produksi udang vaname memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Produksi udang vaname mengalami beberapa kendala, diantaranya yaitu penyakit vibriosis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus dan penumpukan bahan organik. Pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengambat pertumbuhan bakteri yaitu dengan penmabahan antiiotik. Namun, penggunaan antibiotic yang berkelanjutan dapat menyebabkan berkembangnya strain vibrio yang resistan. Alternatif lain yang digunakan selain antibiotik yaitu pemberian arang aktif pada media budidaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetehui efektivitas perendaman arang aktif pada media air dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Udang vaname yang digunakan yaitu udang vaname yang berukuran 5,57 gram. Udang diuji tantang menggunakan Vibrio parahaemolyticus selama 14 hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu kontrol positif (K+), kontrol negatif (K-), arang aktif 200 ppm, 300 ppm, dan 400 ppm. Perlakuan arang akif 200 ppm mampu memberikan respons imun yang baik terhadap udang, kelangsungan hidup yang baik, bentuk usus yang normal pada histopatologi organ usus, dan gambaran darah yang baik., Production of vannamei shrimp has significant economic importance. The vibriosis sickness brought on by Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection and the build up of organic debris were just two of the challenges faced during the manufacture of vannamei shrimp. Antibiotics can be added as a control measure to prevent bacterial growth. However, atibiotic can result in the emergence of vibrio strains that are resistant. The inclusion of activated charcoal in the culture mix is another option to antibiotics. This study looked at how varying doses of activated charcoal affected the immunological response of white vaname shrimp that had been exposed to V. parahaemolyticus. The vaname shrimp being utilized weigh 5.57 grams. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was used to challenge shrimp for 14 days. Treatments included activated charcoal at 200, 300, and 400 parts per million (ppm), positive control (K+), and negative control (K-). Shrimp that received treatment with 200 ppm activated charcoal had a good immunological response, good survival, normal intestinal shape on histopathology of intestinal organs, and satisfactory blood results.
Keyword: activated charcoal, challange test, V. Parahaemolyticus, white leg shrimp

Judul: Immunostimulating Effect of Oral Banana Stem Powder on Vaname Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei for Prevention of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Infection
Abstrak: Udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang dibudidayakan secara intensif dan memiliki peluang terserang penyakit. Pengendalian penyakit yang efektif, efisien dan ramah lingkungan adalah dengan fitofarmaka, salah satunya batang pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efektivitas penambahan serbuk batang pisang melalui pakan sebagai imunostimulan untuk pengendalian infeksi bakteri V. parahaemolyticus pada udang vaname. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri atas lima perlakuan dengan masing-masing empat ulangan meliputi perlakuan K+: pemeliharaan udang tanpa serbuk batang pisang dan diuji tantang K-: pemeliharaan udang tanpa serbuk batang pisang dan tanpa uji tantang, P0,5: pemeliharaan udang dengan serbuk batang pisang 0,5 g kg-1 pakan dan diuji tantang, P0,6: pemeliharaan udang dengan serbuk batang pisang 0,6 g kg-1 pakan dan diuji tantang. P0,75: pemeliharaan udang dengan serbuk batang pisang 0,75 g kg-1 pakan dan diuji tantang. Dosis uji tantang V. parahaemolyticus yaitu 107 CFU mL-1. Udang dengan bobot 1,7±0,17 g dipelihara selama 30 hari, kemudian diuji tantang pada hari ke 31 dan dipelihara sampai hari ke 44. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian serbuk batang pisang 0,75 g kg-1 melalui pakan dengan durasi pemberian 30 hari mampu meningkatkan respons imun udang vaname sebagai pencegahan infeksi V. parahaemolyticus., Whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) is one of the superior commodities that is cultivated intensively, with a risk of disease. Effective, efficient, and environmentally friendly disease control utilises phytopharmaceuticals, one of which is banana stems. This research aims to investigate the impact of adding 0.75% banana stem powder to feed as an immunostimulant to control bacterial infection of V. parahaemolyticus on whiteleg shrimp. The research was carried out using a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments with four replications each including treatment K+: shrimp reared without banana stem powder and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, K-: shrimp reared without banana stem powder and without challenge test, P0,5: shrimp reared with 0,5 g kg-1 of banana stem powder as feed and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, P0,6: shrimp reared with 0,6 g kg-1 of banana stem powder as feed and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus, P0,75: shrimp reared with 0,75 g kg-1 of banana stem powder as feed and challenged with V. parahaemolyticus. Challenge dose of V. parahaemolyticus is 107 CFU mL-1. Shrimp weighing 1.7 ± 0.17 g were reared for 30 days, then challenged on the 31 day and kept until the 44 day. The results of the study showed that administering 0,75 g kg-1 banana stem powder through feed with a duration of 30 days was able to increase the immune response of whiteleg shrimp as a prevention of V. parahaemolyticus.
Keyword: udang vaname, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, imunostimulan, respons imun, serbuk batang pisang, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, banana stem powder, immune response, immunostimulant, whiteleg shrimp

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology