Judul: Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Pangan dan Obat pada Masyarakat Suku Mbaham Mata di Kampung Werabuan, Kabupaten Fakfak
Abstrak: The society of Papua still depends on forest resources, plants and animals, to fulfill their daily needs. Particularly, the utilization of food and medicinal plants has been done hereditarily until now. The aim of this research is to identify the diversity of food and medicinal plants, also to identify the local wisdom of Mbaham Mata Tribe on the utilization of plant resources. Data collection was done using semi-structured interview and snowball technique. Food plant species which is identified as much as 35 species from 21 family, while medicinal plants are 41 species from 28 family. Beside that, there are 25 species which is identified from 21 family which are utilized as functional food plant. Functional food plant is plants that has double function, as food and also medicine. The society of Mbaham Mata Tribe is still utilizing available plant resources and there are some rituals on doing conservation activities. The local wisdom of the society on plant conservation can be seen on the sasi installation ritual, prohibition to enter the forest, nahahara.
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Judul: The utilization of food and medicinal plants by community of around Laiwangi-Wanggameti National Park (Case Study at Katikuwai Village, Matawai Lapau Sub-District, East sumba District, East Nusa Tenggara)
Abstrak: berada di sekitar tempat tinggalnya. Namun demikian, data dan informasi tentang spesies tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebagai pangan dan obat belum terdokumentasikan dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi potensi dan keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan pangan dan obat di Desa Katikuwai serta kearifan lokal masyarakat yang berperan dalam upaya konservasi keanekaragaman tumbuhan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Katikuwai Kecamatan Matawai Lapau, Kabupaten Sumba Timur, Nusa Tenggara Timur, pada bulan Maret - April 2012. Metode yang digunakan dalam mengumpulkan data yaitu dengan cara studi pustaka, wawancara, observasi lapang, identifikasi tumbuhan melalui cross check dengan buku identifikasi tumbuhan dan dokumen lain yang terkait, serta pembuatan sampel herbarium. Pemilihan responden dengan kombinasi metode purposive sampling dan snow ball dan didapatkan jumlah responden sebanyak 30. Hasil penelitian teridentifikasi bahwa jumlah tumbuhan yang dimanfaatkan sebanyak 92 spesies tumbuhan yang terdiri dari 45 famili, 8 habitus, dan 14 bagian tumbuhan yang digunakan, didalamnya termasuk 39 spesies tumbuhan pangan, , 19 spesies tumbuhan pangan fungsional dan 34 spesies tumbuhan obat. Keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan yang ada, berada pada berbagai macam tipe habitat seperti pekarangan, kebun, ladang, sawah dan sekitar jalan yang merupakan hasil dari budidaya (46%), liar (27%) dan gabungan antara budidaya dan liar (20%). Keanekaragaman tumbuhan pangan yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat adalah famili Fabaceae, contoh spesiesnya yaitu karabengok (Mucuna pruriens). Terdapat 19 spesies tumbuhan yang memiliki manfaat sebagai pangan dan obat sekaligus, atau yang disebut pangan fungsional. Berdasarkan keanekaragaman spesies, yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat adalah famili Zingiberaceae contoh spesiesnya yaitu alia/jahe (Zingiber officinale), Sedangkan pada keanekaragaman tumbuhan obat, yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat adalah Famili Euphorbiaceae contoh spesies yaitu damar merah (Ricinus communis) dan Asteraceae contoh spesiesnya yaitu kondu (Erigeron sumatrensis).
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm