Judul: Enzymatic Fuel Cell (EFC) used carbon-polyaniline nanoparticle composite bioanoda with amobolized Glucose Oxidase (GOD).
Abstrak: Polyaniline nanoparticles is one of the conductive polymer which used as a matrix in the manufacture bioanoda in biofuell cell applications. Polyaniline was synthesized by the interfacial polymerization method interfacial two-phase system of organic solvent or water. Products such as polyaniline precipitate was collected and purified by filtrating. The powder was characterized by SEM for morphology structure analyzing of polyaniline surface porous, the analyzing result of particle size was 60 nm. Characterization of TEM showed the thinnest layer of the sample, the morphologically formed groups or aggregations such as fiber to the size of the average particle diameter of 60-80 nm. The crystallinity of X-ray diffraction results showed partial or semi-crystalline structure of polyaniline with an average crystal size was 10.4 nm. Generally, the diffraction pattern indicates that extends sequence crystallinity of polyaniline nanocrystal structure. FTIR analysis indicated that the sample obtained was a conductive polyaniline forms or emeraldine salt (ES). Polyaniline addition on carbon paste electrode observed in voltammogram curve. The oxidation peak in potential 0,4 and 0,6 V, and the reduction peak was seen at -0,1 and 0,8, although it does not look so sharp. The using of glucose oxidase enzyme in solution is less economical, because the enzyme can not be used repeatedly. For using efficiently of enzymes in analyzing and production process, the enzyme immobilization technique was developed. Immobilization of enzymes were applied to produce electron. Polyaniline (PANI nanoparticles) with nanoscale structures with small particle size which had a large surface area, used as a matrix be able to bind the enzyme free and able to maintain the stability of the catalytic activity of the enzyme better. It can be used as an electrode material for anode reaction process on the EFC. Enzymatic fuel cell is an electrochemical technology converted chemical energy into electricity. The driving force is called enzymatic fuel cells are from glucose oxidase enzyme as a bio-catalyst. It also has a high specificity for glucose substrate. The observation result by lower concentration of glucose (0.25 M) produced higher current (5,05 μA). Increasing of glucose concentration( 0,50 M; 0,75M; 1 M) decresed of current results (2,45 μA; 1,69 μA; 1,35 μA). The same thing happens on observations of potential, with a low glucose concentration (0.25 M) produces a high voltage value of 60.8 mV, but decrease voltage value (20.3 mV; 20.8 mV; 15.4 mV) with increasing concentrations of glucose (0.50 M, 0.75 M, 1 M) The value obtained maximum power density was 0.39 μW/cm2 at low glucose concentrations (0,25 M) with increasing concentrations of glucose (0.50 M, 0.75 M, 1 M) decresed the value of the power density (0.071 μW/cm2, 0.044 μW/cm2, 0.026 μW/cm2). The glucose with lower concentration can produced maximum electrical by current, voltage and power density. The values obtained maximum power density was 0.39 μW/cm2.
Keyword: polyaniline, electroda bioanoda, dan enzymatic fuel cell

Judul: Perakitan dan Karakterisasi Enzymatic Fuel Cell Berbasis Glukosa Oksidase dan Horseradish Peroksidase.
Abstrak: Enzymatic fuel cell adalah suatu peralatan yang dapat mengubah secara langsung senyawa kimia menjadi energi listrik melalui reaksi elektrokimia. Reaksi kimia pada enzymatic fuel cell dapat terjadi melalui direct electron transfer (DET), yaitu transfer elektron terjadi secara langsung antara enzim dan elektroda ataupun melalui perantara berupa mediated electron transfer (MET). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan energi listrik yang dihasilkan oleh reaksi enzimatis dari glukosa oksidase pada bioanoda dan horseradish peroksidase pada biokatoda. Variabel yang diuji berupa tegangan dan arus yang dihasilkan oleh rancangan enzymatic fuel cell. Arus terbesar yang dihasilkan oleh rangkaian adalah 5 μA dan yang terendah adalah 0.4 μA. Tegangan tertinggi yang dihasilkan yaitu sebesar 2.17 mV dan yang terendah 0.27 mV. Penggunaan bioanoda glukosa oksidase dan biokatoda horseradish peroksidase dapat menghasilkan energi listrik dengan rapat daya mencapai 0.022 μW/cm2 dan rapat arusnya mencapai 0.2 μA/cm2.
Keyword: bioanoda, biofuel, biokatoda, glukosa oksidase, horseradish peroksidase

Judul: Prolapsus vagina kronis, kausa dan teknik reposisinya
Abstrak: Prolapsus vagina kronis merupakan penyembulan bagian belakang hewan, khususnya lantai vagina melalui vulva, diikuti dengan perpindahan serviks dan uterus ke belakang. Pada sapi kejadian prolapsus vagina sering pada masa 2-3 bulan akhir kebuntingan, sedangkan pada domba dan hewan sejenisnya terjadi beberapa minggu sebelum melahirkan. Kasus prolapsus vagina kadang-kadang dapat terjadi setelah melahirkan, dan jarang terjadi tanpa ada hubungannya dengan kebuntingan atau kelahiran. Penyebab prolapsus vagina kronis belum dapat dipastikan, beberapa faktor umumnya ambil bagian. Faktor uta- ma adalah tingginya kadar hormon estrogen pada akhir kebuntingan. Faktor mekanis dengan meningkatnya tekanan intra abdominal dan gaya berat dari fetus dalam kandungan. Beberapa faktor predisposisi yang dapat menunjang terjadinya prolapsus vagina adalah: perlukaan saluran kelahiran, kelahiran yang rapat, makanan yang kurang baik, terbatasnya pergerakan, faktor lingkungan dan hereditas. Prolapsus vagina kronis umumnya hampir terjadi pada semua hewan piara, lebih sering pada sapi dan domba. Pada sapi sering terjadi pada sapi potong jenis Hereford ...
Keyword: