Judul: Identifikasi Kerusakan Pohon di Kawasan Arboretum dan Agrowisata Tahura Sultan Adam, Kalimantan Selatan Menggunakan Metode Forest Health Monitoring
Abstrak: Taman Hutan Raya Sultan Adam Mandiangin, Kota Banjarbaru, Kalimantan Selatan merupakan kawasan hutan dengan luas 112.000 Hektar. Kawasan ini memiliki banyak peruntukan lokasi, diantaranya adalah Arboretum dan Agrowisata yang merupakan dua kawasan penting di Tahura. Arboretum merupakan kawasan koleksi tanaman dan pohon sedangkan Agrowisata merupakan kawasan pohon buah-buahan yang merupakan destinasi wisata favorit sehingga penting untuk menilai kesehatan dari kedua kawasan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kerusakan pohon, menghitung insidensi serangan hama dan penyakit di kedua kawasan dan menganalisis kondisi kesehatan pohon. Metode pengambilan dan analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan metode Forest health monitoring (FHM). FHM merupakan metode penilaian kondisi kesehatan pohon dengan menilai beberapa indikator penting berdasarkan parameter yang telah ditentukan. Penilaian FHM dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi kawasan hutan saat ini, trend yang terjadi hingga perubahan yang terjadi di masa depan. Parameter penilaian terdiri dari lokasi kerusakan, tipe kerusakan, dan tingkat keparahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tipe kerusakan yang paling banyak dialami oleh pohon di kawasan Arboretum adalah liana dan di kawasan Agrowisata adalah daun, pucuk atau tunas rusak. Hasil pengamatan insidensi serangan hama dan penyakit di kedua kawasan menunjukkan bahwa persentase insidensi pohon yang mengalami kerusakan akibat serangan penyakit lebih tinggi dibandingkan terserang hama. Hama yang berhasil diidentifikasi di Arboretum, yaitu belalang (Locusta sp.) dan babi hutan (Sus scrofa), sedangkan hama yang berhasil diidentifikasi di Agrowisata, yaitu belalang kembara (Locusta migratoria manilensis Meyen), beruk (Macaca nemestrina), dan monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis). Serangan hama lebih banyak terjadi di kawasan Agrowisata karena kondisi lingkungan yang mendukung, yaitu merupakan sumber penyedia makanan karena banyak terdapat pohon jenis buah-buahan. Kondisi kesehatan pohon di kawasan Arboretum termasuk kategori sehat sedangkan di Agrowisata termasuk kategori sehat dan sedang., Sultan Adam Mandiangin Forest Park is a 112,000 hectares forest area located in South Kalimantan. This area has many designated locations, including the Arboretum and Agrotourism which were categorized as two important areas in Tahura. Arboretum is a collection area of plants and trees while Agrotourism is an area of fruit trees which both of them are favorite tourist destinations. Therefore, it is important to assess the health of the trees in these two areas. This research aims to analyze tree damage, calculate the incidence of pest and disease attacks in both areas, and analyze the health condition of the trees. The method of data collection and analyze used in this research is Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). FHM is a method of assessing the health condition of trees by assessing several important indicators based on predetermined parameters. FHM assessment will determine the current condition of the forest area, trends that are occurring and changes that will occur in the future. The assessment parameter consisted of the location of the damage, the type of damage, and the level of severity. The results showed that the most common type of damage of trees in the Arboretum area were lianas and in the Agrotourism area were damaged leaves, shoots or buds. The results of observations of the incidence of pest and disease attacks in both areas showed that the percentage of trees damaged by disease
Keyword: Forest Health Monitoring, Pest, Tree disease

Judul: Tree Health Analysis for Apocynaceae, Myristicaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Achariaceae, and Salicaceae Families in Bogor Botanical Garden (BBG)
Abstrak: Bogor Botanical gardens (BBG) is a world professional plant collection with important assets whose existence needs to be maintained. Tree damage in BBG should be recognized appropriately by knowing the type and location as well as the extent of the damage. The type of damage is commonly found is Heart rot, Weathered wood, Gall Rust of 36% of the total cases found. Damage's area to the tree found a total of 9 areas with as much damage as it was located on the midway between crown and stump is as much as 45%. About 50 % of total tree damage is very healthy with Cluster Level Index’s score is 2.93, and a study site can be categorized as normal or healthy. Organization of trees with the value of the mischief to the trees should be checked consistently utilizing FHM technique and the information of the presence of such trees makes certain to be encouraged to the visitors, so they can travel safety., Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) merupakan tempat koleksi tumbuhan kelas dunia dengan aset penting yang keberadaannya perlu dipertahankan. Kerusakan pohon di KRB harus dikenali secara tepat dengan mengetahui jenis dan lokasi serta tingkat kerusakannya. Jenis kerusakan yang sering ditemukan adalah busuk hati, kayu lapuk, dan karat tumor sebesar 36% dari total kasus yang ditemukan. Kerusakan pohon yang ditemukan di 9 lokasi dengan jumlah kerusakan yang terbanyak terletak di tengah-tengah antara dasar tajuk dan batang bagian bawah adalah sebesar (45%). Sekitar 50% pohon dikategorikan sangat sehat dengan nilai Plot Level Index 2.93, sehingga pada lokasi penelitian dapat dikategorikan normal atau sehat. Pengelolaan arboreal pada pohon dapat diperiksa dengan baik menggunakan metode FHM, dan informasi mengenai keberadaan pohon-pohon ini perlu didorong untuk memastikan bahwa pengunjung dapat berwisata dengan aman.
Keyword: Forest health monitoring, Level health of trees, Location, Severity, Tree damage

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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