Judul: Prospek ekonomi pengembangan usaha fried chicken kaki lima di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: The aims of this research were (1) to know the development of "Kaki Lima" fried chicken bussiness, (2) to know income rate from "Kaki Lima" fried chicken bussiness, (3) to know the supporting and constraint factors in development the bussiness, (4) to know labour's absorption by "Kaki Lima” fried chicken bussines . This research was held on April until June 2007 at several sub districts in Bogor City. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis, including income, R/C Ratio, labour absorption, and Rank"s Spearman (Rs) correlation. The result of this research were: 1) Business development of "Kaki Lima"fried chicken have a good prospect that shown by large empolyed and income. Rank's Spearman coefficient showed that unit periode on "Kaki Lima” fried chicken business had significant correlation to income rate and bussines scale, 2) Average Income of "Kaki Lima" fried chicken bussiness was Rp 2.931.108,65 per month and R/C ratio was 1,27. It means that "Kaki Lima" fried chicken bussiness was profitable. Rank"s Spearman coefficient showed that bussiness scale on "Kaki Lima" fried chicken had significant correlation with income rate, 3) Supporting factors of bussiness "Kaki Lima" fried chicken in Bogor City are financial aspect, material supplier, marketing, and technology. The constraint factor of bussiness "Kaki Lima" fried chicken are raw material price, capital and goverment factor, 4) Labour absorptions in "Kaki Lima” fried chicken bussiness are 65 labour. Rank's Spearman coefficient showed that the scale of "Kaki Lima" fried chicken had no correlation with labour absorption.
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Judul: Hubungan Antara Skala Usaha dengan Tingkat Pendapatan dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja (Studi Kasus pada Usaha Pemotongan Ayam Broiler di Kelurahan Kebon Pedes, Kota Bogor)
Abstrak: Sentra usaha pemotongan ayam di Kota Bogor terdapat di Kelurahan Kebon Pedes, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal. Keberadaan usaha pemotongan ayam tersebut bermanfaat dalarn menampung ayarn broiler siap potong dari peternak budidaya, sebagai altematif usaha bagi masyarakat untuk memperoleh pendapatan dan mampu menyediakan lapangan kerja bagi tenaga kerja yang berpendidikan rendah dan tidak memiliki keterampilan khusus. Mengingat hal tersebut maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pendapatan dan jumlah tenaga kerja yang mampu terserap di usaha pemotongan ayam Kelurahan Kebon Pedes, serta bagaimana hubungan kedua hal tersebut dengan skala usaha yang ditunjukkan dengan jumlah ayam broiler yang dipotong setiap hari. Penelitian ini didesain sebagai suatu studi kasus terhadap 30 sampel unit usaha pemotongan ayam di Kelurahan Kebon Pedes yang diambil secara acak sederhana (Simple Random Sampling) dari populasi yang berjumlah 41 unit usaha pemotongan ayam di lokasi tersebut. Data primer penelitian diperoleh melalui wawancara dengan alat bantu kuisioner, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh melalui studi literatur dan instansi-instansi terkait (Kelurahan Kebon Pedes dan Dinas Peternakan Kota Bogor). Analisis data terdiri dari analisis deskriptif, analisis pendapatan, analisis penyerapan tenaga kerja dan analisis korelasi Rank Spearman. Beberapa faktor pembatas dalam penelitian ini fluktuasi harga ayam broiler yang tidak menentu setiap saat dan tidak adanya pembukuan mengenai biaya dan penerimaan rutin oleh usaha pemotongan ayam di lokasi penelitian,maka perhitungan pendapatan dibatasi pada tingkat pendapatan usaha per hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan yang diperoleh dari usaha pemotongan ayam di Kelurahan Kebon Pedes rata-rata sebesar Rp. 1.465.098/hari dengan skala usaha 451 kg bobot hidup/hari. Tenaga kerja luar keluarga (TKLK) pada usaha pemotongan ayam terdiri dari tenaga sopir (1,07 HKP/hari), tenaga pemotongan (1,30 HKP/hari) dan tenaga pemasaran (2,97 HKP/hari), sedangkan tenaga kerja dalam keluarga (TKDK) digunakan dalam kegiatan pemotongan (0,24 HKP/hari) atau kegiatan pemasaran (I ,04 HKP/hari). Hasil analisis korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan bahwa besarnya skala usaha memiliki hubungan positif yang erat dengan penyerapan tenaga kerja (p<0,0 1) dan tingkat pendapatan (p<0,0 1) yang diperoleh dari usaha pemotongan ayam, oleh karena itu pihak pemerintah Kota Bogor harus mendukung peningkatan skala usaha ters ebut dengan menyediakan lahan khusus bagi tempat pemotongan ayam. Pihak usaha pemotongan ayam juga harus berupaya untuk membuat pembukuan keuangan secara rutin agar dapat dilakukan analisis usaha yang tepat sehingga perkembangan usaha dapat terlihat.
Keyword: Usaha pemotongan ayam, Skala usaha, Penyerapan tenaga kerja, Pendapatan

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell