Judul: Assessment and Utilization Management of Water Resources Lubuk Paraku Sub-watershed Padang, West Sumatra
Abstrak: Hydrological function of a watershed is the ability to absorb, hold, store, and slowly drain the water in order to create a balance of a water system. Hydrological functions work well if a watershed system able to maintain the balance of water in order to prevent flooding in wet season and drought in dry season. To maintain those functions working properly, the land use in watershed upstream should be considered. Lubuk Paraku sub-watershed is the headwaters of Batang Arau river with the main river namely Lubuk Paraku. This region is dominated by conservation areas and protected forests such as the Botanical Forest Park Dr. Mohammad Hatta and the Nature Reserves Barisan I. Those conservation areas are water catchment areas for Padang which have a very important role as a buffer zone. Lubuk Paraku watershed widely used for various activities. However, if the activity conducted just to fulfilled human needs without considering the carrying capacity of the resources, there will be a declining in the quality of land, the level of life, and will caused environmental damage. In addition, the increasing number of utilization types derived from conservation areas and protected areas, may resulted contamination to water bodies, and may caused the decreasing of water market price and the increasing of water scarcity value. To ensure the security of water supply, preservation of permanent vegetation cover in the catchment areas should be maintained, and the funds should be provided by the users of the water resources of that sub watershed. This study has three objectives, those are: (1) Explaining hydrologic conditions of Paraku Lubuk sub-watershed; (2) Explaining conditions of Lubuk Paraku sub-watershed land, and (3) Describing forms of resource utilization and calculate the economic value of water resources of Lubuk Paraku sub-watershed. The method used in this research is descriptive method, using quantitative and qualitative analysis, as appropriate for each review in this paper. The approach used is survey approach, observation, literature studies and interviews using questionnaires or in-depth interviews with selected respondents. Based on the analysis, data concluded the hydrological and land cover in Lubuk Paraku sub-watershed still quite good. This was shown by almost every parameters of water quality. Lubuk Paraku is included in class I according to the Indonesian Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001 on Water Quality Management and Pollution Control. Water quantity (debit) also had fluctuations that tend to increase either monthly or annually. This occurred due to high rainfall in Lubuk Paraku sub-watershed. For the continuity of Lubuk Paraku subwatershed, clean water from the river can be taken continuously with relative fixed rate fluctuations during the dry season and the rainy season. This leads to better value coefficient River Regime (KRS) Lubuk Paraku sub-watershed. Land covers of Lubuk Paraku sub-watershed are dominated by secondary forest area of 1.520,15 hectares or 61,27 %, and 585,84 hectares of primary forest or 23,61 %, mixed farming area of 321,07 hectares or 12,94 %, and an area of 53,96 hectares paddy fields or 2,18 %. Land cover vegetation index (IPL) Lubuk Paraku subwatershed obtained at 84,11 % and was greater than
Keyword: economic value of water resource, hydrology, Lubuk Paraku subwatershed, potential utilization, soil conditions

Judul: An Approach to Water Resource Management through Land Use Planning in the Way Besai Watershed in Lampung Province
Abstrak: Land use changes may have an impact on the decrease in water supply. In the meantime, water demand keeps increasing along with the increase in population and economic activities. The Way Besai Watershed, covering an area of 44 720 ha, plays an important role in providing water resources. Therefore, to ensure the sustainability of the water resources, there should be a good land use planning, particularly in relation with the efforts to protect the forest areas. This research, which was conducted in the Way Besai Watershed in 2013, aimed: (1) to find out the water supply and demand, (2) to assess water balance in terms of the supply and demand, (3) to formulate recommendations for the best land use planning, and (4) to study the economic value of the water resources. The total water demand by households, livestock activities, rice fields, and hydropower (PLTA) was calculated. Similarly, the water supply was calculated based on surface runoff using various mathematical equations. Next, SCS Model was used in the formulation of different scenarios of land use planning. Scenario 1 described the existing biophysical condition of the Way Besai Watershed. Scenario 2 was related to the land management by accommodating community activities in the forest through HKm by applying an agroforestry planting pattern. Scenario 3 was the combination Scenario 2 and the forest rehabilitation outside HKm area. Scenario 4 was the combination of scenario 3 and the efforts to change the pattern of coffee cropping monoculture. The best recommendation scenario for land use planning was selected based on hydrological as well as economic aspects using benefit and cost ratio (BCR). The water need of the Way Besai Watershed in 2011 was 441 450 909 m3/year, and it could still be fulfilled by the water supply amounting to 460 452 600 m3/year. In terms of the distribution, however, based on the analysis of water balance, there was a shortage of water supply during the dry season, particularly in July, August, September and October, that is, 7 861 736; 16 246 136; 17 800 951 and 21 384 649 m3, respectively. The simulation results of land use planning showed that the surface runoff of scenario1 was 1 073.48, scenario 2 was 1 061.25, scenario 3 was 1 056.09, and scenario 4 was 1 055.79 mm/year. The total runoff coefficient of Scenario 1, Scenario 2, Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 were 39.27, 38.72, 38.54 and 38.52 %, respectively. The surface runoff volume ratio of Scenario 1, Scenario 2, Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 were 6.08, 5.88, 5.47 and 5.47 %, respectively. Meanwhile, water storage variances of Scenario 2, Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 were 5 468 276; 7 774 304; and 7 911 617 m3/year, respectively. The simulations formulated showed that hydrologically scenario 4 was the best as indicated by the decreased in surface runoff, total runoff coefficient, and surface runoff volume ratio, and the increase in water supply during the dry season (July-October). The total economic value of water utilization in the Way Besai Watershed was Rp 108 936 635 040 per year. The highest water utilization
Keyword: curve number, landuse simulation, water demand, water economic value, water supply.

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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