Judul: A model of stepping medium temperature freezing system with exergy method on beef preservation.
Abstrak: Beef preservation was required to maintain the qual ity of the product during distribution and storage. There were some co mmon different freezing systems, such as; (1) Drying, (2) Adding chemical s olution, and (3) Freezing. Among these systems, freezing system was considered the best method to keep the product fresh after thawing. By using the secon d law thermodynamics, the in- efficiency of energy consumption on freezing system could be analyzed. The method to analyze it was known as exergy analysis. In conventional freezing method, the product was fr ozen at the constant medium temperature with the great energy consumptio n. However, the current developing of a freezing system model with stepping system was intended to control the input of energy from the pre-cooling to the freezing stage. The stepping system was conducted with controlled mediu m temperature since medium temperature of freezer influenced the energy consumption.
Keyword: exergy analysis, exergetic freezing system, freezing temperature

Judul: Kajian Eksergi Sistem Pembekuan Temulawak dengan Suhu Media Pembeku Bertahap pada Mesin Pembeku Tipe Lempeng Sentuh
Abstrak: Analyzingenergy and exergy is a way to find out the amount of freezing energy consumption and wasted energy of freezing process. This research aims to study the effects of changes in freezing medium temperature against exergy efficiency of extract Curcuma freezing, and relations between COP value and the efficiency of exergy produced. By the result of this research,it is known that the specific energy consumption is ranged from 307.23 kJ/kg to 387.58 kJ/kg. The average of loosing exergy is from 15.067 kJ/kg to 36.821 kJ/kg, so the largest efficiency of exergy produced is 68.36% at scenario 1 (Tma = -5˚C, Tmf = -10˚C,Tmb = -20˚C) and smallest one is 52.26 at scenario 5 (Tma = -20˚C, Tmf = -20˚C, Tmb = -20˚C). The Graphic of the relation between COP and exergy efficiency shows that COP is linearly proportional with the efficiency of exergy produced. Based on COP and exergy efficiency, known that the most optimum freezer medium temperature is scenario 1 with COP 5.17, energy efficiency 0.14%, exergy efficiency 68.36% and input energy 7.2 kWh.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan