Judul: Kajian Prosedur Operasi Baku (SOP) dan Pelaksanaan Pemantauan Debit dan Erosi di Hutan Tanaman Industri
Abstrak: Industrial plantation forest management with clear cutting and man made planting silviculture system potentially causes negative impact on runoff and surface erosion rate. Therefore, every industrial plantation forest concessionaries have to control those negative impacts. In order to control the impacts, information of river discharge and surface erosion rate are required. To get right information, forest plantation concessionaries develop standar operating procedure (SOP) for river discharge and surface erosion rate monitoring and implementation of monitoring. This study is aimed to analyze the SOP for river discharge and erosion, and their implementations based on scientific view of applied methods. Based on gap analyses, among SOP contents, their implementation and scientific view of applied methods, SOP and their implemenatation of river discharge and erosion monitoring are not effective yet to control the impact of forest plantation mangement on surface run-off, river discharge and erosion rate. Methods for river discharge and surface erosion monitoring written in the SOP and implementations are needed to be improved to obtain more valid and accurate information to control the impact of forest plantation management effectively.
Keyword: SOP, monitoring, industrial forest plantation, erosion, discharge

Judul: Surface Run Off and Surface Erosion in Teak (Tectona grandis, L.f) Forest with Various Soil and Water Conservation Measures (Case Study : RPH Getas, BKPH Monggot, KPH Gundih Perum Perhutani Unit I Jawa Tengah).
Abstrak: Land use activities for a certain purpose without considering soil and water conservation principles could impact negatively on the productivity of land, as well as sedimentation, in the downstream area, and further flood and siltation of rivers and reservoirs. Therefore, reseraches on surface run off and soil surface erosion are necessary as inputs for land manager, to manage the the land to control surgace run-off and soil ersosion as well as`sedimentation. The research was conducted in the area of compartment no 59j, RPh Getas, BKPH Monggot, KPH Gundih Perhutani Unit I Central Java in period November 2010 - March 2011. The aim of this research is to obtain the best practice on teak planting based on surface run off and soil erosion rate. The Benefit of the research is to provide information to formulate policies of teak forest management. The result show that surface run off in plot 1 (teak, corn, and kmelandingan) > plot 4 (bench terraces) > plot 3 (ridge terraces) > plot 2 (ridge terraces), and surface erosion on plot 1 (teak, corn, and kemlandingan) > plot 3 (ridge terraces) > plot 4 (bench terraces) > plot 2 (ridge terraces). The rate of surface run off in each plots are 6734,39 m3/ha/year (plot 1), 2253,94 m3/ha/tahun (plot 2), 3103,44 m3/ha/year (plot 3), dan 3187,43 m3/ha/year (plot 4), while the rate of surface erosion in each plots are 3,11 ton/ha/year (plot 1), 1,01 ton/ha/year (plot 2), 2,26 ton/ha/year (plot 3) dan 2,54 ton/ha/year (plot 4). Based on the results of t-test, the average values of the surface run off of each plots are not significantly different (Vtp1 = Vtp2 = Vtp3 = Vtp4 dan Etp1 = Etp2 = Etp3 = Etp4). Tolarable erosion values in each plot ranges from 16-17 tonnes / ha / year. The result of erosion in each plot show that actual erosion in each plot is lower than tolarable erosion. Based on Erosion Hazard Index criteria published by the Ministry of Forestry, and soil solum of 60-90 cm the erosion of each plot is categorized as low. This Research concludes that, actual erosion in each plot is lower than tolarable erosion. The making of gulud terraces and bench terraces can reduce surface runoff and erosion, compared with plots that do not use the terrace. Based on criteria of surface rum off and surface erosion, the utilization of ridge terraces, is the best soil and water conservation measures in application of teak planting.
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Judul: Kimiawi imunoglobulin G serta perbedaabbya antara berbagi species hewan
Abstrak: Antibodi adalah molekul protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel plasma sebagai akibat interaksi antara limfosit B peka antigen dengan antigen khusus. Antibodi ini disebut juga imunoglobulin karena molekulnya berbentuk globulin. Jadi imunoglobulin merupakan molekul protein yang membawa akti- vitas antibodi, yaitu sifat kombinasi spesifik dengan zat yang mendatangkan formasi antigen. Diantara kelas imunoglobulin, Ig G adalah yang paling melimpah dalam serum darah. Ig G ini memainkan peran utama dalam mekanisme pertahanan. Ig G merupakan struktur glikoprotein dengan dasar bentuk bangunan diagram tetrapolipeptida yang mengandung 4 ran tai polipeptida dengan 2 rantai berat (H) yang identik dan 2 rantai ringan L) yang identik. Rantai polipeptida ini di bentuk oleh rangkaian asam amino. Tiap rantai berat (H) me ngandung 446 residu asam amino dengam BM (2 x 50.000) Dal ton dan tiap rantai ringan (L) mengandung residu asam amino 213() atau 214 () dengan BM (2 x 25.000) Dalton. Bagian variabel dari rantai berat (VH) mengandung 118 residu asam amino dan bagian variabel rantai ringan (VL) mengandung 108 () atau 109 () residu, sedangkan residu sisanya dari masing-masing rantai adalah bagian konstan (CH dan CL). Adanya perbedaan-perbedaan dalam hal asam amino pada salah satu daerah variabel dapat menyebabkan perbedaan imun respon. ...
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