Judul: Mother's Nutrition Knowledge, Parental Feeding Pattern, Picky Eating, and Their Relationship with Nutritional Status of Autism Children in Bogor City
Abstrak: Perilaku memilih makan atau picky eating sering terjadi pada anak autis. Perilaku Picky eating yang tidak segera ditangani berpengaruh terhadap optimalisasi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan gizi ibu, pola asuh makan, picky eating dan hubungannya dengan status gizi anak autis di Kota Bogor. Desain penelitian yang digunakan yaitu cross sectional study dengan jumlah subjek sebanyak 35 orang yang berada di beberapa SLB, diantaranya yaitu SLB Dharma Wanita, Tunas Kasih 2, Sejahtera, dan SDN Perwira Kota Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2023. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengisian kuesioner, wawancara, serta pengukuran antropometri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas memiliki status gizi normal (57,1%) dan overweight serta obesitas (40,0%). Derajat autis subjek mayoritas autis sedang (68,6%), Pengetahuan gizi ibu (91,4%) baik. Sebagian besar (82,9%) ibu menerapkan pola asuh makan encouragement to eat. Tingkat kecukupan energi subjek mayoritas defisit ringan (80,0%), protein cukup (42,86%), lemak berlebih (80,0%), dan karbohidrat defisit berat (100,0%). Uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara perilaku picky eating dan status gizi, pola asuh makan dengan picky eating, pengetahuan gizi ibu dengan pola asuh makan, pengetahuan gizi dengan picky eating, serta tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat dengan status gizi (p>0,05)., Picky eating behavior often occurs in autistic children. Picky eating behavior that is not immediately addressed affects the optimization of children's growth and development. This study aims to analyze the relationship between maternal nutritional knowledge, parenting patterns, picky eating and the relationship with the nutritional status of autistic children in Bogor City. The research used cross-sectional study with a total of 35 subjects in several special schools including Dharma Wanita, Tunas Kasih 2, Sejahtera, and Perwira Elementary School Bogor City. This research was conducted in March-April 2023. Data was collected through filling out questionnaires, interviews, and anthropometric measurements. Majority subject had normal nutritional status (57.1%), overweight and obese (40.0%). Majority subject had moderate autism level (68.6%), mother's nutritional knowledge (91.4%) was good. The majority (82.9%) of mothers apply encouragement to eat style. The majority of the subject's energy adequacy levels were mild deficits (80.0%), sufficient protein (42.86%), excess fat (80.0%), and severe carbohydrate deficits (100.0%). There was no significant relationship between picky eating behavior and nutritional status, parenting style with picky eating, mother's nutrition knowledge and parenting style, nutrition knowledge and picky eating, and the level of adequacy of energy, protein, fat , and carbohydrates with nutritional status (p>0.05).
Keyword: autis, picky eating, pengetahuan gizi ibu, pola asuh makan, status gizi

Judul: Relationship between Mother's Nutrition Knowledge and Parental Feeding with Eating Behavior of Preschoolers
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis hubungan pengetahuan gizi ibu dan pola asuh makan terhadap perilaku makan serta menganalisis hubungan perilaku makan dengan status gizi anak prasekolah. Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional study melibatkan 100 anak usia 3-5 tahun di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gang Kelor Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada November 2022. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan self-administered questionnaire. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 46% subjek tergolong picky eater. Tidak terdapat perbedaan karakteristik subjek dan keluarga antara kelompok picky eater dan non-picky eater (p>0,05), namun kelompok non-picky eater signifikan lebih sering sakit dan memiliki jumlah anggota keluarga lebih sedikit. Pengetahuan gizi sekitar ¾ ibu di kedua kelompok diklasifikan dalam kategori sedang. Tipe praktik pemberian makan yang paling banyak dipraktikkan di kedua kelompok adalah dengan tipe memberikan contoh makanan sehat (modelling). Separuh subjek dari kedua kelompok memiliki riwayat pemberian ASI yang eksklusif, namun sekitar ¾ subjek memiliki riwayat pemberian MPASI yang tidak sesuai. Hanya pada tipe praktik pemberian makan monitoring yang memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan pengetahuan gizi ibu (p=0,004). Tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pengetahuan gizi ibu, praktik pemberian makan, riwayat ASI dan MPASI dengan perilaku makan anak (p>0,05) dan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara perilaku makan anak dengan status gizi (p>0,05)., This study aims to analyze the relationship between mother nutrition knowledge and parenting feeding style with eating behavior and to analyze the relationship between eating behavior and nutritional status of preschooler. The research using a cross-sectional study design involving 100 children aged 3-5 years in Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gang Kelor, Bogor. This research was conducted in November 2022. Data were collected through interviewed and a self-administered questionnaire. The results showed that 46% of the subjects were classified as picky eaters. There were no differences in subject and family characteristics between picky eaters and non-picky eaters (p>0.05), but non-picky eater group had significantly more frequent illness and had smaller family size. Around 3/4 of mother in both groups had moderate knowledge of nutrition. The most common type of feeding practice used was by modelling of healthy food. Half of the subjects from both groups had a history of exclusive breastfeeding however 3/4 of the subjects had a history of inappropriate complementary feeding. Only the type of monitoring feeding practices had a significant relationship with mother’s nutrition knowledge (p=0,004). There was no significant relationship between mother's nutritional knowledge, feeding practice, history of breastfeeding, and complementary foods with children's eating behavior (p>0.05), also no significant relationship between children's eating behavior and nutritional status (p>0.05).
Keyword: mother's nutritional knowledge, feeding practice, history of breastfeeding and complementary feeding, parental feeding, picky eater

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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