Judul: Optimization of Dry Land Through Climate Smart Agriculture System (SPCI) in Dry Climate Dry Land (Case Study of Kupang Regency)
Abstrak: Corn is the most important food crop commodity after rice and ranks third in the world the most widely cultivated, thus contributing quite a lot to gross regional domestic product (PDRB). Corn plants are very potentially developed in addition to being a substitute material of rice also contains carbohydrates, calories, and proteins, and is very beneficial for food, feed, and industrial raw materials. The needs and demand for corn continue to increase, especially in the feed industry as well as the food and beverage industry. But on the other hand, the availability of corn is still very limited, one of the causes is that the lace productivity of corn and planting area is also still limited. The low productivity of corn cannot be separated from several factors including the influence of climate change that causes changes in rain patterns and the beginning of the rainy season that has an impact on limited water availability that causes harmony. In addition, the area of agricultural land is still limited because it is predominantly developed in wetlands, which in fact continue to decrease due to conversion for buildings and infrastructure. Dryland is one of the potential lands because the area is quite large, which is 144.5 million ha, but not optimal utilization. This is because dry land is faced with several limiting factors including low land fertility rates, limited water availability, and easily degraded during the rainy season. Efforts in optimizing dry land use, including increasing adaptation power through efficient water utilization according to crop needs, improvement of soil nutrients, and land processing as small as possible to avoid land degradation (erosion). One fairly representative approach to be applied to dry land is the application of the concept of "Climate-Smart Agricultural System" (SPCI) or Climate Smart Agriculture (CSA), and more familiar with its main pillars that are simple and conservative-based, and location-specific, among others (1) increasing adaptation to climate change, one of which is the efficient use of water (2) to improve mitigation. through conservation-based agriculture, including the processing of land as small as possible such as planting holes and the use of organic fertilizers, as a planting medium in planting holes (3) sustainable farming (4) to raise the productivity and income of farmers. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is one of the eastern parts of Indonesia known as dry climate dry land. The limitation of NTT's dry land is the limited availability of water because it depends only on rainfall, while the rainfall is only 1,500 mm / year and lasts 3-4 months and the rain is erratic, which is characterized as non-continuous and often disappears 5-7 days after daily rain. This research aims to (1) Implement the concept of SPCI / CSA at the farmer level through the use of natural resources to increase land productivity and crop production and increase water use efficiency, (2) to promote the effect of implementing the SPCI / CSA concept in increasing land and corn productivity, (3) Analyze farmers' income through the concept of SPCI / CSA on dry land dry climate. This research was conducted on the
Keyword: Dry land, dry climate, corn crops, climate-smart agriculture, water use efficiency, fertilizers, planting holes

Judul: The efficiency of deep-well pump irrigation for dryland farms in east Lombok, West  Nusa Tenggara: a non-radial approach
Abstrak: Since 1981 until now on, the local government has developed deep well pump irrigation to anticipate the decreasing of dryland area and fertility in Lombok. The increase use of dryland nowadays needs the farmers to run farms more efficiently. The variations of farmers backgrounds and their managerial capacities inevitably affect their efficiency rate. This study aims at (1) investigating the use of pump irrigation for dryland farms; (2) developing an approximation to figure out the distribution efficiency from pump house to individual farms; (3) identifying the irrigation efficiency levels achieved by individual farmers and determinant factors affecting the efficiency. The stratified random sampling was applied to get samples of corn and onion farms, differed by high and lowland. Primary data used in this research were collected using a survey technique by interviewing 246 farmers and 49 pump operators in East Lombok during two months periode, based on specific designed questionnaire which previously tested. The study found that (1) the deep well pump irrigation has increased the cropping intensity of dryland schemes from 100 to 261 percent per year; (2) the distribution of irrigation water from pump house to individual farms has been efficient, indicated by a high index of distribution efficiency; and (3) the application of existing technology for irrigation is inefficient. Improving irrigation efficiency can save water about 30, 42 and 44 percent from existing use for corn, lowland onion and higland onion respectively. Using 14 variables in linear additive model, it is found that 9, 5 and 2 variables are significant to explain the irrigation efficiency for the three crops respectively. Experience in running farms in schemes, formal education years, farm cost ratio, and farm income ratio indicate positive effects on the irrigation efficiency. While farmers‟ age, family size, frequency of attending training, and land area cultivated indicate negative effects for corn farms. Improving training and farmers organisation are adivisable to increase the irrigation efficiency.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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