Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Penyebab Mouthrot  Disease pada Ular Sanca mas (Leipyton albertisii) serta Pengujian Sensitifitasnya terhadap Antibiotika
Abstrak: Mouthrot disease merupakan penyakit yang sering menyerang ular. Biasanya penyakit ini selalu berakhir dengan kematian, setelah 2-3 bulan pasca infeksi atau sekitar ± 1 bulan setelah terlihat gejala, apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat dan benar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jenis bakteri yang menyebabkan mouthrot disease pada Leiopython albertisii sehingga dapat diketahui antibiotika yang tepat untuk mengatasinya. Spesimen diambil dari plaque pada Leiopython albertisii yang terkena mouthrot disease. Spesimen selanjutnya dibiakkan pada Mac Conkey agar dan Blood agar sehingga diperoleh 5 koloni terpisah, selanjutnya dilakukan pewarnaan gram, uji motilitas, oksidase dan katalase untuk menentukan genus bakteri yang diidentifikasi. Untuk menentukan spesies dilakukan sejumlah uji biokimia.Uji antibiotika dilakukan dengan metode Kirby-Bauer. Dari identifikasi di laboratorium ditemukan empat jenis bakteri gram negatif yang menyebabkan mouthrot disease yaitu Pseodomonas flourescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus sp, dan Aeromonas aerogenes serta satu jenis bakteri gram positif yang merupakan mikroflora normal mulut yaitu Staphylococcus sp. Suspensi bakteri tersebut resisten terhadap kanamisin dan streptomisin pada dosis 10 ppm dan sensitif terhadap enrofloksasin 5 ppm.
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Judul: IDENTIFICATION AND ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY TEST OF Klebsiella sp. ON ORANG UTAN SUMATRA (PONGO ABELII) TOWARDS SOME ANTIBIOTICS
Abstrak: Resistansi antimikroba (AMR) merupakan kasus yang perlu diberikan perhatian lebih terutama pada satwa liar yang dapat menjadi indikator pencemaran antibiotik di lingkungan. Penelitian mengenai AMR pada orang utan liar yang umumnya tidak diberikan antibiotik belum banyak dipublikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bakteri Klebsiella sp. dari orang utan sumatra (P. abelii) liar di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser dan penangkaran di Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor, serta menguji kepekaan bakteri Klebsiella sp. yang teridentifikasi terhadap beberapa antibiotik diuji. Penelitian diawali dengan mengoleksi sampel, isolasi, dan identifikasi. Uji kepekaan antibiotik dilakukan secara Difusi Cakram Kirby-Bauer. Data lalu dianalisis dengan standar Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) 2021. Hasil identifikasi ditemukan 6 sampel Klebsiella sp dari 10 sampel feses orang utan sumatra (P. abelii). Kepekaan Klebsiella sp. terhadap beberapa antibiotik tergolong bervariasi. Hasil uji kepekaan Klebsiella sp. seluruhnya sensitif terhadap siprofloksasin, serta sebagian sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol, streptomisin, dan asam nalidiksat dan seluruhnya resistan terhadap tetrasiklin, ampisilin, dan eritromisin. Resistansi tersebut dapat terjadi karena penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat, perpindahan gen antarmikroorganisme, dan orang utan memakan antibiotik yang terdapat pada bakteri dengan tempat hidup di tanah.
Keyword: Bacteria identification, Klebsiella sp., Pongo abelii, orangutans, Susceptibility test

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite