Judul: Impact of Migration Policy on Income Disitribution in Indonesia
Abstrak: Migration has become an important livelihood strategy for the Indonesian people to seek better economic opportunities. Indonesian workers who work abroad ( TKI ) migrate with several reasons including the lack of employment opportunities, poverty and wage differentials between Indonesia and destination countries. Statistics Indonesia data show that income inequality in Indonesia is high. Gini ratio as a measure of income inequality has increased from 0.36 in 2007 to 0.41 in 2012. This is an indication that poverty which is reflected by the higher income inequality is one of economic development problem in Indonesia, besides unemployment. The unemployment rate in all sectors of the Indonesian economy is high, but the most work abroad is low-skilled labor. Globally, Indonesian labor migration driven by the domestic sector employment opportunities in destination countries such as domestic, agriculture, construction, manufacturing and service sectors. Domestic sector (informal) often are not covered by labor law and industrial relations legislation in the destination country. This causes the low-skilled labor mainly female worker (TKW) is in a vulnerableposition to exploitation. In June 2009, the government imposed a moratorium (restrictions) placement of informal sector workers for Malaysia. Restrictions also apply to Saudi Arabia which effect from August 1st, 2011. The moratorium aims to protect and ensure the safety of migrant workers mainly informal worker sector. Informal restrictions on the placement of migrant workers would have an impact on the welfare of labor and increase the inequality of income due to fewer opportunities to earn a better income for low-skilled labor. Regulation changes in the destination country that more accepting skilled labor migrants, requires the Indonesian government to improve the placement of skilled labor migrants. In addition, within the framework of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), the mobility workers regulations only regulate skilled labor mobility. Therefore, in 2013 the government through BNP2TKI set a target of 600 thousand migrant workers placement, an increase of 21% compared to 2012 while imposing a moratorium and still prefer the placement of migrant workers in the formal sector. The government also set long-term targets to stop informal sector workers placement and just place the formal worker sector in 2017. Any economic or social policies that affect the real income of the people of a country are directly or indirectly will ultimately affect the migration process of a country. The migration process itself, in turn, tends to influence or even change the patterns of economic activity, both sectorally and geographically as well as changing patterns of income distribution. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of the government's migration policies on income distribution and to identify the most effective policies that affect income distribution in Indonesia. The analysis in this study using the National Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) of Indonesia in 2008 , the descriptive analysis and Theil Index analysis. SAM is one of the data collection systems and analysis tools that are important to monitor and analyze the various problems of poverty and income distribution . Descriptive analysis is used to provide a general overview of labor migration abroad, remittances and income inequality
Keyword: Migration Policy, income distribution, inequality, SNSE

Judul: Impact of Gender Equity and Employment Opportunities on  Income Inequality in Indonesia
Abstrak: Ketimpangan pendapatan merupakan permasalahan penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Suatu negara dengan ketimpangan pendapatan yang tinggi akan mengalami inefisiensi dalam distribusi aset, inefisiensi ekonomi, dan terganggunya stabilitas sosial dan ekonomi. Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang mengalami ketimpangan pendapatan, bahkan pada tahun 2020 tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi ketimpangan pendapatan dan menganalisis pengaruh kesetaraan gender, upah minimum, pengangguran, dan investasi asing terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia selama periode 2010-2020. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, tipologi Klassen, dan analisis data panel. Hasil estimasi data panel menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan dan pemberdayaan gender, upah minimum, dan tingkat pengangguran secara signfikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Sedangkan pengaruh yang disebabkan investasi asing terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan secara signifikan adalah positif., Income inequality is an important problem in economic development. A country with high income inequality will be inefficient in the distribution of assets, economic inefficiency, and disruption of social and economic stability. Indonesia is one of the countries experiencing income inequality, even in 2020 the level of Indonesia's income inequality has increased. This study aims to describe the condition of income inequality and analyze the effect of gender equality, minimum wages, unemployment, and foreign investment on income inequality in Indonesia during the period 2010-2020. The analysis method in this study are descriptive analysis, Klassen typology, and panel data analysis. The results of the panel data estimation show that gender development and empowerment, minimum wages, and unemployment rates have a significant negative effect on income inequality. Meanwhile, foreign investment has a positive and significant effect on income inequality.
Keyword: employment opportunities, gender, income inequality, panel data

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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