Judul: Prill Fat Palm Oil 85% Palmitate (PF 85) Supplementation Against Manure Score, Milk Production, and Body Condition Score on Dairy Cows
Abstrak: Penambahan Prill Fat dalam pakan sapi perah bermanfaat untuk melindungi fermentabilitas rumen dan sebagai sumber energi pasca rumen yang dapat mengatasi rendahnya kualitas hijauan serta dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sapi. Pemberian lemak yang berlebih dapat memberikan dampak pada turunnya kecernaan terutama keceranaan serat yang dapat menyebabkan diare, depresi lemak susu, dan mobilisasi lemak tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak suplementasi prill fat terhadap manure score, produksi susu, dan BCS pada sapi perah laktasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor sapi laktasi yang diberi 2 taraf perlakuan yakni R0 = Ransum kontrol berupa hijauan + konsentrat + ampas tahu, R1 = R0 + 2% prill fat dengan masing-masing 5 ulangan. Hasil dianalisis dengan t-test student dua sampel bebas menggunakan program analisis data SPSS. Peubah yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah konsumsi nutrien, manure score, produksi susu, dan Body Condition Score (BCS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi prill fat pada sapi perah laktasi meningkatkan produksi susu sebesar 2,52 L dan perbaikan BCS sebesar 0,08. Suplementasi prill fat tidak memberikan dampak negatif terhadap manure score dan konsumsi nutrien sapi perah laktasi., The addition of prill fat in dairy cattle's diet is very useful for protecting rumen fermentability. Prill fat also can be used as post ruminal energy source to overcome low-quality forage and increase productivity. However, adding too much fat might cause decreasing on digestibility especially fibre digestibility which leads to diarrhea, milk fat depression, and body fat mobilization. The aim of this study was to observe the impact of prill fat supplementation on manure score, milk production, and BCS on lactating dairy cows. This research used 10 cows which allocated into 2 treatments, R0 = control diet (forage + concentrate + tofu dregs) and R1 = R0 + 2% Prill fat 85% palmitate. Each treatment was repeated five times using individual cow as replication. Data were analyzed using t-test. The variables observed were manure score, milk production, BCS, and nutrient consumption. The results showed prill fat supplementation increased milk production by 2.52 liters/head/day and improved body condition score by 0.08 point. The supplementation did not give any negative impact on nutrient consumption and manure score in lactating dairy cows.
Keyword: BCS, manure score, milk production, nutrient consumption, prill fat

Judul: Supplementation of Palm Oil Prill Fat Contained 75% Palmitic Acid (PF 75) in Dairy Ration on In Vitro Fermentability and Digestability.
Abstrak: Tidak seperti suplementasi lemak lainnya yang mengganggu aktivitas rumen, prill fat merupakan minyak nabati non-hidrogenasi yang mengandung asam palmitat dengan titik leleh tinggi yang mampu melewati fermentasi rumen serta menyediakan energi pasca rumen dan proses metabolisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan fermentasi dan kecernaan ransum sapi perah yang disuplementasi prill fat pada taraf berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Perah Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, yang mana: PF 0 (kontrol), PF 2 (kontrol+ 2% prill fat), PF 4 (kontrol + 4% prill fat), PF 6 (kontrol + 6% prill fat). Variabel yang diamati meliputi produk fermentasi rumen (VFA dan NH3), pH dan kecernaan ransum (kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan hasil yang signifikan antar perlakuan selanjutnya diuji menggunakan uji polinomial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi prill fat dengan taraf berbeda pada ransum sapi perah tidak mempengaruhi pH rumen, VFA, dan konsentrasi NH3. Namun, kecernaan bahan kering (KCBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KCBO) menurun dengan meningkatnya taraf suplementasi prill fat. Suplementasi prill fat hingga 2% dalam ransum memberikan energi bagi ternak tanpa gangguan yang signifikan terhadap fermentasi rumen dan daya cerna ransum., Unlike fat supplementation that might interrupt rumen fermentation activity, prill fat, a non-hydrogenated vegetable oil containing palmitic acid with a high melting point might bypass rumen fermentation and provide energy for host animal after post rumen digestion and metabolism processes. This study aimed to test the fermentability and digestibility dairy ration with different levels of prill fat supplementation. The research was conducted at the Dairy Nutrition Laboratory IPB. This study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, namely: PF 0 (control), PF 2 (PF 0 + 2% prill fat), PF 4 (PF 0 + 4% prill fat), PF 6 (PF 0 + 6% prill fat). The variables observed included rumen fermentation products (VFA and NH3 concentrations), pH and digestibility (dry matter digestibility (DMD), and organic matter digestibility (OMD)). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and significant results between treatments were further tested using polynomial test. The result showed that prill fat supplementation on different levels didn’t affect rumen pH, VFA, and NH3 concentrations. However, DMD and OMD decreased with increasing prill fat supplementation level. Supplementation of prill fat up to 2% in ration provides energy for host animal without significant interruption on rumen fermentation and ration digestibility.
Keyword: bypass, fat supplementation, fermentability, palmitic acid, prill fat

Judul: Penggunaan Metode Homotopi untuk Menyelesaikan Persamaan KdV (Korteweg-de Vries)
Abstrak: Natural phenomena can be explained using nonlinear mathematical models. In this paper, we studied the solution of KdV equation using the Homotopy method. The KdV equation is used for describing both surface and internal waves. One of the solutions is called a solitary wave. The use of homotopy method to solve the KdV equation required a nonlinear operator which was determined by the nonlinear form of the KdV equation itself. Based on this operator, a recursive formula was obtained to get a sequence of the KdV solution. The higher the sequence order of the sequence used, the closer to the exact solution of the KdV equation.
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