Judul: Assistance for Improvement and Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices in Frozen Karage Production Process at XYZ MSEs Bogor
Abstrak: Keamanan pangan menjadi hal yang sangat krusial untuk diperhatikan dalam melindungi konsumen dari pangan yang tidak aman. Setiap konsumen berhak atas pemenuhan pangan yang aman dan bermutu. Penjaminan pangan dapat dilakukan oleh pelaku usaha dengan menerapkan praktik keamanan pangan yang benar. UMK XYZ dengan produk ayam karage beku belum menerapkan Cara Produksi Pangan Olahan yang Baik (CPPOB). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesenjangan penerapan CPPOB, melakukan pendampingan dan perbaikan sarana produksi, penyusunan dokumen CPPOB, dan pendaftaran sertifikasi CPPOB. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi ketidaksesuaian kritis, mayor, dan minor menggunakan checklist pada SK BPOM No. HK.02.02.1.2.01.22.63 Tahun 2022. Penerapan CPPOB di UMK XYZ sebelum pendampingan mendapatkan rating D (sangat kurang) dengan nilai kesesuaian 46,23% dan setelah pendampingan masih terdapat ketidaksesuaian hanya pada klausul lingkungan, air, dan ventilasi sehingga rating meningkat menjadi A (sangat baik) dengan nilai kesesuaian 95,28%. Proses sertifikasi CPPOB dilakukan dengan mengunggah dokumen persyaratan dan sertifikat CPPOB UMK XYZ telah diterbitkan BPOM., Food safety is a crucial factor to consider when protecting consumers from unsafe food. Every consumer has the right to fulfill the safety and quality of food. Food assurance can be carried out by business actors by implementing appropriate food safety practices. XYZ MSEs, which produce frozen karage chicken, have not implemented GMP. This research analyzed the gap in GMP implementation, assisted and improved production facilities, prepared GMP documents, and registered for GMP certification. Data were collected by identifying critical, major, and minor non-conformities using the checklist in BPOM Regulation No. HK.02.02.1.2.01.22.63 of 2022. The implementation of GMP in XYZ MSEs before assistance received a D (very poor) rating with a conformity value of 46,23% and after assistance there were still non-conformities only in the environment, water, and ventilation clauses so that rating increased to A (very good) with a conformity value of 95,28%. The GMP certification is carried out by uploading the required documents and the GMP certificate for XYZ MSEs has been issued by BPOM.
Keyword: GMP, assistance, chicken karage, MSEs

Judul: Analysis of Gap and Support for Enhancing the Implementation of GMP towards PB-UMKU Certification in XYZ SMEs
Abstrak: Sistem keamanan pangan merupakan persyaratan wajib yang harus diterapkan oleh pelaku usaha untuk menjamin keamanan produk. UMKM XYZ merupakan usaha pangan olahan yogurt yang belum sepenuhnya mengimplementasikan sistem keamanan pangan Cara Produksi Pangan Olahan yang Baik (CPPOB). Penerapan CPPOB yang baik menjadi persyaratan dasar untuk pengajuan sertifikat Perizinan Berusaha untuk Menunjang Kegiatan Usaha (PBUMKU) CPPOB oleh BPOM. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan memperbaiki penerapan CPPOB di UMKM XYZ melalui pendampingan dan membantu proses pendaftaran sertifikasi PB-UMKU CPPOB. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan analisis kesenjangan penerapan CPPOB menggunakan checklist BPOM, lalu pendampingan perbaikan, penyusunan dokumen CPPOB, dan pendaftaran sertifikasi PB-UMKU. Data yang didapatkan diolah dengan Microsoft Excel dan IBM SPSS 26. Analisis penerapan CPPOB sebelum pendampingan menunjukkan UMKM XYZ memiliki peringkat (rating) sarana produksi D (sangat kurang) dengan nilai kesesuaian penerapan CPPOB sebesar 67.9%, sedangkan setelah dilakukan pendampingan perbaikan didapatkan peringkat (rating) menjadi A (sangat baik) dengan nilai kesesuaian CPPOB menjadi 95.4%. Kegiatan pendampingan tersebut memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan dalam memperbaiki penerapan CPPOB di UMKM karena hasil uji Wilcoxon menunjukan nilai pvalue= 0.001 lebih kecil dari α=0.05. Kemudian dokumen persyaratan telah disusun dan proses pengajuan berhasil dilakukan sehingga sertifikat PB-UMKU CPPOB untuk sarana produksi UMKM XYZ telah diterbitkan oleh BPOM., The food safety system is a mandatory requirement that business operators must implement to ensure product safety. SME XYZ is a processed yogurt business that has not fully implemented the Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP). Proper implementation of GMP is a fundamental requirement for applying Business Licensing to Support Business Activities (PB-UMKU) of GMP issued by Indonesian FDA. This research aimed to analyze and improve the implementation of GMP in SME XYZ through guidance and assistance in the PB-UMKU of GMP process. The research methodology involved analyzing the gap in GMP implementation using a checklist provided by FDA, providing assistance for improvement, preparing GMP documents, and registering for the PB-UMKU certification. Data obtained was processed using Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS 26. The analysis of GMP implementation before guidance showed that SME XYZ had a facility rating of D (very poor) with a GMP implementation suitability value of 67.9%. However, after the improvement guidance, the analysis showed a significant improvement, with the facility rating upgraded to A (excellent) and GMP implementation suitability reaching 95.4%. The guidance activities had a significant impact on improving GMP implementation in SME XYZ, as evidenced by the Wilcoxon test result, which indicated p-value=0.001, smaller than α=0.05. Subsequently, the necessary documents were prepared, and the application process was successfully conducted. As a result, the PB-UMKU of GMP for the production facility of SME XYZ has been issued by FDA.
Keyword: GMP, Yoghurt, SME, PB-UMKU

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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