Judul: Potensi Pelepah Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) sebagai Antikanker dan Antioksidan
Abstrak: The study aimed to evaluate the potency of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) stem as anticancer by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and antioxidant by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The stem of temulawak midrib obtained from Bogor, was extracted by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water, and the volatile oil was obtained by water distillation. The chloroform extract and volatile oil showed anticancer potency towards Artemia salina (LC50: 370.69 ± 22.69 μg mL-1 ; 123.05 ± 3.49 μg mL-1, respectively). Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts had antioxidant activities (IC50: 46.41 ± 15.49 μg mL-1 and 52.72 ± 3.46 μg mL-1) but the activity did not as strong as ascorbic acid (control positive, IC50 1.80 ± 0.33 μg mL-1). The chloroform extract was further fractionated by column chromatography with Silica Gel G60F254-Merck as stationary phase and gradient of n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol as mobile phase. Antioxidant and anticancer potency of fraction which had antioxidant activity qualitatively were tested. The most antioxidant active fraction (F9) had anticancer potency (LC50: 522.95 ± 43.35 μg mL-1) and antioxidant activity (IC50: 79.57 ± 8.96 μg mL-1). In conclusion, F9 is potencial as an anticancer and antioxidant.
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Judul: Penapisan Senyawa Aktif Bunga dan Daun Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) sebagai Antioksidan
Abstrak: This study aimed to screen antioxidant compounds on leaves and flower of C. xanthorrhiza using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) method. The flower and leaves were extracted with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Essential oil of the leaves was obtained through water distillation. Each extract and essential oil were determined for theirs antioxidant activities. The ethyl acetate extract of leaves had the best radical scavenging activity with IC50 41.50±7.80 μg/mL but not as good as ascorbic acid as the positive control with IC50 3.36±0.29 μg/mL. Fractionation performed on ethyl aceate leaves extract using silica gel column chromatography by step gradient elution with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol. Fractionation resulted 13 fractions (F1-F13) and the most active fraction was the F11 fraction (IC50 24.05±2.38 μg/mL). Fraction F11 was separated further by preparative thin layer chromatography and gave 8 fractions (F11.1-F11.8). Fractions F11.1 had the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 of 28.22±7.35 μg/mL. Phytochemical assay and infrared spectroscopy on F11.1 showed that the active compound as the antioxidant was flavonol. Keywords: C. xanthorrhiza, leaves, antioxidant, flavonol
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Judul: Sectoral Effects Of Monetary Policy
Abstrak: The purposes of this study are three folds: (1) identifying which channels are effective for transmission of monetary policy; (2) assessing whether the transmission mechanisms at industry level are consistent with that at aggregate level; and (3) explaining why and how a channel becomes effective. The analyses are facilitated impulse response function (IRF) derived from a vector autoregression (VAR) model. Three channels are identified in this study: interest rate, real credits and exchange rate channels. The IRF results show that exchange rate is the only effective channel in affecting aggregate output and at least in five industries (the manufacturing industry; the construction industry; the trade, hotel, and restaurants industry; the transport and communication industry; and the finance, real estate, and business services industry). Meanwhile, the other two channels are not effective at aggregate and all industry. This finding suggests that there is some form of consistency between aggregate effects and industry effects. Moreover, the effect of real depreciation tend to be contractionary and thus supporting the idea of Krugman and Taylor (1976) among others. Output contraction seems to be associated with inflationary effect of the depreciation. This is a truly Keynesian type demand side story: following a real currency depreciation, purchasing power tends to weaken which then soaks the aggregate demand.
Keyword: transmission of monetary policy, industry level, IRF