Judul: A study of land suitability for coastal tourism in Kecamatan Teluk Sampit, Kabupaten Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan Province
Abstrak: The firsh objective of this thesis research is to use a geographical information system (GIS) to analyze land suitability for coastal tourism development. Land suitability was divided into three classes; (1) highly suitable (S1), defined as having an area of 52.23 ha; (2) narginally suitable (S3), defined as having an area of 279.79 ha; (3) not suitable (N), defined as having an area of 60,667,98 ha.
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Judul: Development of Land Suitability Evaluation System for Coastal Aquaculture Using Artificial Neural Network and Geographical Information Systems (Case Study: Mahakam Delta, East Kalimantan)
Abstrak: Land suitability is the aptitude of given type of land to support a certain use. Land suitability is one of key factors for the sustainability of aquaculture system. It can be determined by using matching methods between land suitability criteria and land characteristics, such as topography, hydrography, climate, water characteristic, risk, land cover, and spatial plan aspects. Evaluation of land for aquaculture suitability can be reached using a parametric approach, which is implemented by using the distinguish land characteristics and combination of it. Parametric approach uses the numeric value, which classifies the land based on individual characteristics. The objectives of the research are to develop a land evaluation system on aquaculture suitability by using artificial neural network (ANN) and geographical information system (GIS) and to evaluate the performance of the new developed system as compared to GIS vector spatial analysis method. Four types of suitability were defined, i.e. highly suitable (S1), moderately suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N). The new developed GIS model uses the raster format and ANN classifier. The performance of GIS model was then evaluated, and compared to the vector map overlay that used GIS spatial analysis features, including suitability distribution, covered area, processing speed and validity. The multilayer feedforward of the ANN with backpropagation learning algorithm was chosen to do the classification. GIS overlaid layer in form of spatial database was then converted into training dataset, validation dataset and prediction dataset. Training and validation dataset contains a pair of input and output, while the prediction dataset contains input data only. To compare the two methods, the Mahakam Delta-East Kalimantan were selected as a case study. Ten thematic map layers of land characteristic were involved in both methods, i.e.: water salinity, dissolved oxygen, water pH, soil texture, soil drainage, distance to rivers, pollution risk, land cover type, land use plan and annual rainfall intensity. Each feature of thematic map layers were classified and scored using 1 to 4 ranges from worst to best, respectively. The performance of ANN together with GIS was reliable, it includes the accuracy on training dataset of 97%, and validation of 96%. Distributions of each suitability of both methods are located on the same location in the study area. Area covered in the study area was 188,666.19 ha, consisting of 21,202.20 ha (11.24%) of 3 S1, 87,190.83 ha (46.21%) of S2, 6,958.26 ha (3.69%) of S3 and 61,251.12 ha of N. Only 0.19% of total area represents the “Unclassified Area” and 6.20% is “No Data”. Unclassified areas may be caused by less representative training dataset. “No Data” class represents the area that was not included in the data processing by raster data model. The research also proved that ANN together with GIS raster do the classification faster than vector spatial analysis.
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix