Judul: Sistem nafkah rumahtangga petani kentang di dataran tinggi dieng (kasus desa Karangtengah, kecamatan Batur, kabupaten Banjarnegara, provinsi Jawa Tengah)
Abstrak: This research was conducted and located in the village of Karangtengah, District Batur, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java for one month from 25 March to 25 April 2011. The purpose of this study was to determine the household livelihood strategy of potato farmers in the village of Karangtengah, Dieng plateau associated with the history of potato farming in the village. In addition, to find out how far potato farming can build sustainable livelihood systems for farmers households. This study uses a quantitative approach that is supported by qualitative data. Quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire to 31 households of farmers who were respondents in this study. While the qualitative approach is done through observation, depth interviews, and search related documents or literary study. Basically, agriculture has become the main source of income for potato farmers households in the village of Karangtengah. This is due to the farm that has been inherited into the identity of them from generation to the generation. However, limitations of resources, especially land as a place of production led to nine respondents in this study applying multiple livelihoods both of on farm and non farm strategie. During its development, potato farming is increasingly drained on resources. Although still becoming the leading sectors, but the threat to livelihood activities has been gradually happening for example the environmental degradation caused by agricultural activity that promotes the high production so that they use the excessive of chemical inputs.
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Judul: Dampak Krisis Ekologi terhadap Strategi Nafkah Rumahtangga Petani di Desa Ciganjeng, Kecamatan Padaherang, Kabupaten Pangandaran
Abstrak: The phenomenon of ecological crisis that occured in Ciganjeng Village is the flood stricken rice fields and settlement every year. Flooding caused the existence of farm households as the main actors in the ecology are threatened and to maintain the sustainability of their lives, they have livelihood strategies. This study was conducted to analyze the impact of the ecological crisis on livelihood strategies of farm household. This research method is a survey research using quetionnaires and qualitative approach using case studies and observations as supporting quantitative data. Based on a study of 35 respondents farm households, it was found that the ecological crisis caused farm households should have livelihood strategies, which are: human resource allocation strategy, multiple livelihood strategy, migration strategy, agricultural intensification strategy, dept strategy and non agricultural invesment strategy. Livelihood strategis are made by playing five livelihood assets. In addition, although the ecological crisis rocked farm households but they still survive because they have a high livelihood resiliency.
Keyword: livelihood resiliency, farm household, livelihood strategy, ecology crisis

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity