Judul: Role of planting a d return of companion crops, biomass of yam bean and centrowma and N, P, K, Mg fertilizers application in bushy black pepper culture
Abstrak: Study result revealed that bushy black pepper belongs to 'luxury plan?' that it consumes nutrients in a large number. This condition accelerated the degradation of land, reduction of productivity and aggravation the environment. Soil amelioration wuld be done by application of organic matter. In srtu prduaion of organic matter is one kind of the solution. The objechves of rhr: study were; (1) testing of yam bean and centrosema as companion crops on bush pepper plantation and iis effect on pepper production, (2) testing of organic matter from yam bean and centrosema, and application of N, P, K, Mg fertilizer on the growth, production, physiologcal traits, quality of black pepper, soil micraclimate and soil properties, and {3) obtaining the optimum dosage of inorganic fertilizer combined wit11 orpic matter, as well as the information on reducing inorganic fertilizer requirement by application of orgaiic ma-. To achieve the objectives, two studia were done; (1 ) e m of yam bean and mtrosema on the growth and production of bushy black pepper, and (2) effect of biomass re-1 of yam bean and centrosema and dosage of inorgamc f* of N, P, K, Mg on tbe growth and yield of bushy black pepper. Result of the studies showed that planting of yam b n and centrosema as cumpaion mops improved the vegetative and p d v e growth of bushy black psppr, as well as i n c d the yield, chlorophyll content, plant nutrient status, and improved thg biologicat, physical, a d chemid properties of the soil. Application of organic matter and inorganic fertilizer, aside improved the former parameters, also inatwed the quality of black pepper. The optmum level of inorganic Edizer is 389.71 glplant for pepper monoculture system, 235.28 giplant for pepper - yarn bean system and 200.9 1 @plant for pepper - centrosema system. The optimum level of inorganic fertilizer is 330.32 @plant for pepper system without green manure appbtion, 186.79 @plant for pepper mulch system and 158.98 glplaat for peppa system with incarpration of gmm manure into the soil. Based on the result of both studies, it could be umcluded that planting yam bean arad centrogema as companion crop on b w blsbclr pepper phmion, and inmqmmion return of piant's biomass is one way to increase pepper production as well as improved soil promes.
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Judul: Inokulasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu benih cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) serta efisiensi penggunaan pupuk P
Abstrak: Pepper production has not been achieving optimal results although demands are increasing. The low production of pepper is partly because the use of seed that has not qualified in quantity and quality. Besides that, pepper is cultivated on the marginal soil such as Ultisol. Nutrient availability, such as P, within the marginal soil is very limited whereas there is high fixations of P. Phosporus provide the important role to increase the quality and production of the seeds. One of the efforts to boost the availability and to make the using of P efficient is inoculating Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF). This research is aimed to isolate indigenous AMF from hot pepper plant rhizosphere, effective AMF selection, and to examine AMF effectiveness in enhancing production and quality of pepper seeds while the use of fertilizer whether or not efficient was then observed. Research conducted contains of four experiments which each experiment links to another. Those are: [1] Isolation, characterization and purification of AMF for three places of hot pepper plantation; [2] Selection of AMF effective in increasing the growth of hot pepper; [3] Examination of AMF effectiveness in boosting up the production and quality of pepper seeds and using efficiency of P fertilizer, [4] Plant response to inoculation inoculum of indigenous mixed AMF and AMF Mycofer. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry IPB, Forests and Environmental Biotech Laboratory, Research Centre for Biological Resources and Biotechnology IPB, and the PPPPTK Pertanian greenhouse. The soil samples were observed coming from the three planting sites rhizosphere hot pepper. Selections are made to the effective AMF isolates from single spore culture results and AMF Mycofer from laboratory Biotech Forest and Environment, Research Centre for Biological Resources and Biotechnology IPB. Testing the effectiveness of using the design plots are divided (split-split plot) in a Randomized design pattern, with three factors and three replications. The main plot is hot pepper cultivar: Laris type from Panah Merah and Tegar from Surabumi. The sub plot is the inoculant arbuscular mycorrhizae which are uninoculated and inoculated of Mycofer AMF 100 spores per seedling. The sub-sub plot are some level of P205 dose: without fertilizer P and with 100 kg/ha of P2O5, 125 kg/ha P2O5, 150 kg P2O5. Experiment of plant response to inoculation of indigenous mixed AMF and Mycfer AMF was arranged in split plot design, the main plot: hot pepper cultivar. The sub plot is the inoculant arbuscular mycorrhiza: uninoculated, inoculated of Mycofer AMF 100 spores per seedling, and inoculated of indigenous mixed AMF. The results showed that the pepper rhizosphere is found in three genus nine species spores i.e. two species of Glomus, three species of Gigaspora and four species of Acaulospora. Based on a single spore culture, it was found that only three species that can grow and develop properly; one species of Glomus spores (Glomus sp-1), one species of Gigaspora (Gigaspora sp-1) and one species of Acaulospora (Acaulospora sp-3). The three species of these spores are propagated for experimental material II. In AMF effective selection, spores of Mycofer showed better results than
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix