Judul: Hubungan antara Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah dengan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi (Studi Kasus di Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur)
Abstrak: Dairy cows are the large ruminants that mostly kept by Indonesian dairy farmers. The dairy farms of Indonesia located not only in the villages, but also in the urban areas, such as Pondok Ranggon in East Jakarta. Recent study was done to observe effect of technical factors on milk production and quality of dairy farms in Pondok Ranggon in East Jakarta. The parameters were environmental conditions, feeding patterns, animal conditions, lactation performance, and milk quality. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. To overcome less of roughage supply, farmers used agro-industry by products such as tofu waste, soybean waste, and rice bran. The averages of roughage, concentrate, tofu waste, soybean waste and rice bran that offered to the animals were 20,85±4,27; 0,67±0,73; 28,94±7,62; 2,26±4,51; and 0,01±0,09 kg/h/d, respectively. Under this feeding regime, the average milk produced was 9,28±3,22 kg/h/d. The averages of fat, lactose, protein, solid non fat, density of milk quality were 4,44%; 4,20%; 3,91%; 8,83%; and 1,032 g/ml. The relationship of milk production(Y) on roughage (X1), concentrate (X2), tofu waste (X3), soybean waste (X4) and rice bran (X5) was Y1=2,672X10,256 X20,014 X30,018 X4-0,008 X5-0,055. The influenced of age, number of lactation, lactation days, pregnancy and body weight on milk production and quality were also confirmed. It was concluded that maximum milk production in Pondok Ranggon was produced by the cows at 2,5 years age, in the first lactation, at the second months of lactation, from heavier cows, or in the non pregnant cows.
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Judul: Production efficiency analysis of dairy farm in pondok ranggon cipayung sub-district east jakarta
Abstrak: Permintaan susu sapi perah di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya, namun produksinya belum memenuhi kebutuhan nasional. Peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon merupakan tempat penyedia susu sapi untuk warga DKI Jakarta. Peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon memiliki peranan penting dalam peningkatan produksi susu di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi susu sapi perah, (2) menganalisis efisiensi produksi susu sapi perah, (3) menganalisis pendapatan usaha peternakan sapi perah di Pondok Ranggon. Faktor produksi susu sapi perah dianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas dan parameter diestimasi dengan metode Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), analisis efisiensi produksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Nilai Produk Marginal (NPM) sama dengan harga faktor produksi, dan pendapatan usaha peternakan dilakukan dengan analisis pendapatan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi susu sapi perah adalah pakan hijauan, ampas tahu, dan tenaga kerja. Nilai efisiensi masing-masing faktor produksi tidak sama dengan satu, berarti bahwa penggunanaan faktor produksi belum efisien. Nilai R/C ratio yang lebih besar dari satu, sehingga analisis pendapatan menunjukkan bahwa usaha peternakan sapi perah menguntungkan., The demand for milk of dairy cattle in Indonesia increasing every year, but the production has not fulfill the national needs. Pondok Ranggon dairy farm is a supplier milk to DKI Jakarta people. Pondok Ranggon dairy farm has an important role in improvement milk production in Indonesia. The purposes of the study were to: (1) analyze the affecting factors for the production milk of dairy cattle, (2) analyze the production efficiency of milk of dairy cattle, (3) analyze the income of Pondok Ranggon dairy farm. The production factor of milk of dairy cattle was using the production function of Cobb-Douglas analysis and estimated parameter was using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, analysis production efficiency was using Value of Marginal Product (VMP) equal to production factor prices, and income of dairy farm analyze using income analysis. The affecting factors of production milk of dairy cattle is grass, tofu waste, and labors. The value of efficiency of each production factor is not equal to one, means that the use of production function have not been efficient. The value of R/C ratio is greater than one, so that the income analysis shows for dairy farm is profitable.
Keyword: analisis pendapatan, efisiensi produksi, Pondok Ranggon, susu sapi, usaha peternakan

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf