Judul: Potensi penghambatan enzim asetilkolinesterase oleh ekstrak air jintan hitam (Nigella Sativa L.) sebagai anti-Alzheimer
Abstrak: Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L.) memiliki potensi sebagai obat herbal anti- Alzheimer namun belum terdapat informasi ilmiah terkait khasiat ekstrak air jintan hitam sebagai anti-Alzheimer. Penghambatan aktivitas enzim Asetilkolinesterase (AChE) merupakan salah satu pengobatan anti-Alzheimer. Penelitan ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak air jintan hitam sebagai inhibitor enzim AChE. Ekstraksi jintan hitam dilakukan dengan variasi suhu untuk mengamati jumlah rendemen yang diperoleh. Simplisia diekstraksi dengan diseduh pada suhu 28, 40, 60, dan 80 ˚C selama 15 menit serta direbus (100 ˚C) selama 30 menit. Kandungan fitokimia ekstrak diuji secara kualitatif. Efek inhibisi enzim AChE diukur dari jumlah tiokolin yang dihasilkan menggunakan spektrofotometer (metode Ellman). Senyawa spesifik dalam ekstrak diidentifikasi dengan studi pustaka hasil analisis menggunakan LC-MS. Semua ekstrak mengandung kuinon, glikosida, alkaloid, fenolik, tanin, dan saponin sedangkan flavonoid hanya dimiliki oleh ekstrak 100 ˚C. Kenaikan suhu tidak meningkatkan jumlah rendemen. Ekstrak 80 ˚C menghambat aktivitas enzim AChE sebesar 11.86%(p=2) walaupun tergolong rendah dibandingkan donepezil HCl (97.73%). Senyawa yang kandidat sebagai inhibitor AChE adalah kuinon, glikosida, alkaloid, dan fenolik.
Keyword: water extract, black cumin, AChE, anti-alzheimer

Judul: Potensi Ekstrak Metanol, Etanol, dan Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) sebagai Inhibitor Asetilkolinesterase
Abstrak: Demensia adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan kehilangan ataupun penurunan daya ingat yang dikaitkan dengan penurunan asetilkolin, neurotransmitter yang mempengaruhi kemampuan belajar dan memori. Obat yang beredar umumnya bekerja dengan menghambat asetilkolinesterase (AChE), enzim yang menghidrolisis asetilkolin. Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa), merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antidemensia. Namun, kajian mengenai potensi ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan minyak jintan hitam in vitro sebagai antidemensia masih sedikit ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji penghambatan AChE oleh ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan minyak jintan hitam in vitro sebagai antidemensia. Aktivitas enzim diukur dengan kit enzim AChE menggunakan metode spektrofotometri panjang gelombang 410 nm. Daya inhibisi ketiga sampel uji memiliki potensi yang sama baiknya dalam menghambat AChE pada konsentrasi 50 μg/mL. Besar penghambatannya berturut-turut adalah 49.24 ± 1.01% (metanol), 50.20 ± 7.84% (etanol) dan 48.47 ± 0.57% (minyak). Hasil ini setengah kali penghambatan dari kontrol positif (donepezil HCl) yang mencapai 97.68 ± 0.80%. Berdasarkan studi literatur senyawa aktif yang diduga berperan dalam penghambatan AChE adalah golongan monoterpenoid dan timokuinon. Kata kunci: asetilkolinesterase, demensia, jintan hitam, terpenoid, timokuinon, Dementia is a disease characterized by loss or progressive decline in memory which associated with the decrease of acetylcholine, neurotransmitter that affects learning and memory. The current drugs work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine. Black seed (Nigella sativa), is a plant that has potency as antidementia. However, studies on methanol, ethanol, and oil extracts of black seed as antidementia are still few. Therefore, this research’s objective was to identify in vitro inhibitory activity of AChE by methanol, ethanol, and oil extracts of black seed as antidementia. The AChE activity was analyzed with enzymatic kit using spectrophotometry absorbancy at 410 nm. Inhibitory action of three extracts had equal potency to inhibit AChE at 50 μg/mL. Inhibitory action of the methanol, ethanol, and oil extracts were : 49.24 ± 1.01%, 50.20 ± 7.84%, and 48.47 ± 0.57%, respectively. This result was half of the positive control (donepezil HCl), which was 97.68 ± 0.80%. Based on literature reviews, the predicted active compounds which inhibited AChE were monoterpenoid and thymoquinone. Keywords: acetylcholinesterase, black seed, dementia, terpenoids, thymoquinone
Keyword: Jintan hitam, Asetilkolinesterase, Demensia

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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