Judul: Poverty Spatial Pattrern In Indramayu
Abstrak: It is assumed that poverty in one area is related to poverty in adjacent area. Hence, poverty is distributed following a certain pattern creating a cluster. An area or cluster having high density of poverty significantly is called hotspot. In this research, Flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic Method was used for detecting cluster and hotspot. A correlogram is created to explain that distance no correlation among poverty areas. Information about hotspot and correlogram can be used to act a program of poverty alleviation. Based on the results, there are 7 clusters high significant different with other cluster. In the seven cluster, there are 70 hotspot areas. The average distance of no correlation among poverty is 5.714 Km. To create poverty alleviation program efficiently, it is recommanded to implement in the middle of cluster.
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Judul: A modified test in flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic for detecting poverty hotspots.
Abstrak: A flexibly spatial scan statistic was proposed by Tango and Takahashi (2005) that can detect arbitrary shaped clusters (hotspots). In this research, a flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic will be applied to perform poverty hotspots detection in Bogor. Overall population of family in Bogor is 1,094,480 families and 29.44% of families who live in Bogor are categorized as poor family. The problem was flexibly spatial scan statistic use Poisson distribution in their calculation but the poverty rate was too high to be approached by Poisson distribution. In fact that Poisson must be constructed from the number of trials is large and the probability of success is small. We proposed Bernoulli distribution instead of Poisson. This distribution was more suitable to the faced case. That have to be noticed is sampling unit from both the distribution. At Poisson, what becoming sampling unit is village while at Bernoulli the sampling unit is family. Each family has only two possibility status, that are poor and not poor. It was meets the characteristic of Bernoulli distribution. In this proposed method, the events of being poor are independents distributed, so we could find the likelihood function as multiplication of each individual mass function. In this research, the proposed test tends to be more sensitive compared to Septiani (2006), we obtained more significant hotspot. The order of log likelihood ratio statistic was slightly different, there were only minor changes. Septiani’s result using Poisson distribution still relevant to detect poverty hotspots in Bogor.
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Judul: Beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi pada buaya
Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan biolo- gi reproduksi buaya seperti organ reproduksi, saa, dewasa kelamin, tingkah laku kelamin, masa bersarang dan penetasan telur dalam hubungannya dengan pelestarian satwa ini. Buaya termasuk amniota yang bersifat carnivora. Ter- dapat sisik epidermal sepanjang tubuhnya. Mempunyai lam- aung pengunyan yang mirip gizzard Letapi tidak mempunyai vesica urinaria. Kaki depan terdiri dari 5 jari, kaki be- lakang terdiri dari 4 jari dan ada cakar sejati. Organ reproduksi buaya jantan terdiri dari testes, epi- didymis, ductus deferens dan penis. Organ reproduksi buaya betina terdiri dari ovarium, oviduct, uterus dan klitoris. Penis dan klitoris berada di ruang kloaka yang paling luar. Oviduct dan uterus mempunyai kelenjar penghasil albumin dan kerabang untuk melapisi sel telur sebelum telur dikeluarkan. Mempunyai dua macam gonadotropin, yaitu FSH dan LH. Dewasa kelamin dicapai pada umur ± 2,5 tahun dimana panjang tubuh maksimum belum tercapai. Buaya mengeluarkan suara yang khas dan bau yang merangsang pasangannya sepan- jang musim kawin. Telur buaya berkerabang keras, berwarna putih atau putih kekuningan dengan bercak-bercak coklat kemerahan. Ukur- annya bervariasi dengan panjang 6,1 - 9,9 cm, lebar 4,2 - 5,7 cm, volume 90 -105 ml dan beratnya 66 - 140 gram. Ada dua macam bentuk sarang yaitu berbentuk gundukan dengan ceruk berbentuk V di atasnya (Crocodylus porosus dan C. novaeguineae) dan berbentuk lubang (C. siamensis dan C. palustris). Masa bersarang untuk sarang berbentuk gundukan adalah pada waktu musim kering dan yang berbentuk lu- bang pada awal musim hujan. Masa pengeraman pada spesies C. porosus 40 - 90 hari, C. novaeguineae 77 - 83 hari, C. palustris C.. siamensis 40. - 60 hari dan tidak ada catatan pada spesies Pada C. porosus dan C. palustris ada kebiasaan induk dalam menjaga sarangnya selama pengeraman, anak bersuara di dalam telur sehingga merupakan panggilan kepada induknya untuk membantu membuka sarang untuk merangsang penetasan te- lur dan membebaskan anaknya dari dalam sarang. Dua spesies lainnya tidak mempunyai sifat semacam ini….
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