Judul: Effectiveness of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) Leaf Infusion as Anti-diarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Nilam (Pogostemon cablin) merupakan suatu tanaman herbal yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional mengatasi diare. Efektivitas daun nilam sebagai antidiare belum dievaluasi secara ilmiah hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi secara ilmiah efek infusa daun nilam sebagai antidiare dan mengetahui konsentrasi infusa daun nilam yang efektif sebagai antidiare. Selain itu, bertujuan mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder daun nilam. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dikelompokkan menjadi 5 di antaranya kelompok kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%]), kontrol positif (suspensi loperamide HCl), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan infusa daun nilam dengan konsentrasi 25, 50, dan 100% yang diberikan secara oral. Parameter yang diamati dengan metode proteksi intestinal yaitu frekuensi defekasi dan konsistensi feses. Uji efektivitas dengan metode proteksi intestinal menunjukkan infusa daun nilam mampu mengatasi diare. Konsentrasi infusa daun nilam 25, 50, dan 100% memiliki efektivitas antidiare yang sama baik dengan loperamide HCl sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa daun nilam mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki efek antidiare, yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin., Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is an herbal plant used as a traditional medicine to treat diarrhea. The effectiveness of patchouli leaves as anti-diarrheal has not been scientifically evaluated. This study aimed to scientifically evaluate the effect of patchouli leaf infusion as antidiarrheal and determine the concentration of patchouli leaf infusion that is effective as antidiarrheal. In addition, it aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content of patchouli leaves. This study used 30 mice grouped into 5 groups, including a negative control group (Tween 80 [1%]), a positive control (loperamide HCl suspension), and three treatment groups of patchouli leaf infusion with concentrations of 25, 50, and 100% given orally. Parameters observed with the intestinal protection method were frequency of defecation and consistency of feces. The effectiveness test with intestinal protection method indicated that patchouli leaf infusion was able to overcome diarrhea. Concentrations of 25, 50, and 100% patchouli leaf infusion had the same antidiarrheal effectiveness as loperamide HCl as a positive control. Phytochemical test showed that patchouli leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds that have antidiarrheal effects, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins.
Keyword: anti-diarrheal, infusion, intestinal protection, patchouli leaf

Judul: Efficacy of pelawan leaf infusion (Tristaniopsis merguensis) as  an antidiarrheal in mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Pelawan merah (Tristaniopsis merguensis) merupakan tanaman yang banyak ditemukan di pulau Bangka. Bagian dari tanaman pelawan seperti akar, batang, daunnya banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat secara turun-temurun sebagai bahan obat untuk berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah diare. Daun pelawan merah mengandung metabolit sekunder seperti alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin yang dikenal sebagai zat aktif yang berkhasiat sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi dan data ilmiah mengenai efektivitas antidiare dari infusa daun pelawan merah (Tristaniopsis merguensis) dengan menggunakan metode proteksi intestinal dan transit intestinal. Penelitian ini juga dilakukan untuk menentukan konsentrasi efektif yang memberikan efek antidiare terbaik pada mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan tiga kelompok perlakuan yang diberi infusa daun pelawan merah dengan konsentrasi 50%, 75%, dan 100% secara oral. Parameter yang diamati pada metode proteksi intestinal yaitu frekuensi dan konsistensi feses. Parameter yang diamati pada metode transit intestinal yaitu rasio panjang lintasan penanda. Penelitian ini menunjukkan kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi 75% dan 100% memiliki efek antidiare pada kedua metode uji. Efek antidiare terbaik ditunjukkan pada kelompok perlakuan konsentrasi 100% pada kedua metode uji., Pelawan (Tristaniopsis merguensis) is a plant that can be found in the island of Bangka. The parts of pelawan plant, such as the roots, stems, and leaves have been used by the community for generations as medicinal ingredients for various diseases, one of which is diarrhea. Pelawan leaves (Tristaniopsis merguensis) contain secondary metabolites such as steroids, saponins, quinones, and tannins which are known as active substances that are efficacious as anti-diarrhea. This study aims to obtain information and scientific data regarding the antidiarrheal effectiveness of pelawan leaf infusion using intestinal protection and intestinal transit methods. This research was also conducted to determine the effective concentration that give the best anti-diarrheal effect in mice. This study used 25 mice which were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, and three treatment groups which were given pelawan leaf infusion with concentrations of 50%, 75%, and 100% orally. The observed parameters in the intestinal protection method were the frequency and consistency of the stool. The parameter observed in the intestinal transit method was the ratio of the marker path length. This study showed that the treatment group with a concentration of 75% and 100% have an antidiarrheal effect in both test methods. The best antidiarrheal effect was shown by100% concentration treatment group in both test methods.
Keyword: anti-diarrhea, pelawan, infusion, herbal

Judul: 3D model reconstruction using aerial photo to measure object height
Abstrak: 3D reconstruction, especially for height extraction, using digital aerial photos taken from a non-metric camera and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a challenging study. The purposes of the study are to determine the factors affect the accuracy of an object’s height reveal from a 3D model and establish procedures to deliver the optimal result. Two or more overlapping aerial photos can be constructed into the 3D model by applying the principles of collinearity and epipolar geometry using 3D reconstruction algorithm. Due to the instability of non-metric digital camera, the camera must be calibrated before 3D reconstruction is processed, in that way the quality of spatial extraction can be then measured. The study is conducted using 24 megapixels resolution Sony NEX7 digital camera and Hexacopter UAV. UAV was flown to a height of 50 m, 60 m and 70 m and placed at a certain position in order to get some height variations of camera. Camera Calibration Toolbox is utilized to calculate intrinsik parameters of the camera and a specific program is developed using MATLAB in order to build the 3D model and to obtain the object’s height. The result validation is done by comparing the height from 3D model with that one measured using Electronic Total Station. The accuracy of the object’s height up to 1 mm successfully achieved, with the largest height prediction error reaches 15.2 cm at 70 m flying height above ground level and average percentage error 4.07 for 20 objects.
Keyword: 3D reconstruction, collinearity, epipolar geometry, UAV