Judul: Laju Infiltrasi Air pada Jalur Sarad Skidder dan Bulldozer di IUPHHK-HT PT Wirakarya Sakti Provinsi Jambi
Abstrak: Wood harvesting activities using heavy equipment has been a trend especially for skidding activities because it gives benefits such as effectively and efficiently in wood harvesting. Beside the benefits, heavy equipment usage in forest harvesting especially for skidding also has negative impacts on the environment such as infiltration rate that will cause soil damage in the case of soil compactness. The purpose of this research is to know the rate of water infiltration (cm/hours) on each trip (rit) resulting from wood skidding activity using skidder and bulldozer and also to knowing ground pressure caused by these heavy equipment. The biggest water capacity decrement is happens between rit 3 and rit 4 with using skidder with rate 19.07 cm/hour. The biggest decrement using bulldozer is happens between rit 8 and rit 9 with rate 9.57 cm/hour. On this case can be conclude because of in that points are the beginning of the soil physical disturbance that cause the disturbance to water infiltration process and that things can be prove by calculating the ground pressure by each skidding equipment. Ground pressure received the ground produced by the rubber tire on skidder amounted 20.30 tons/m2 in conditions without charge and 132.24/m2 when charged. Ground pressure received the ground produced by the crawler tire on bulldozer amounted 7.67 tons/m2 in conditions without charge and 50.68 tons/m2 when charged.
Keyword: log skidding, soil compaction, Infiltration rate

Judul: Efektifitas dan efisiensi kegiatan penyaradan di IUPHHK-HA (Studi Kasus di PT. Austral Byna, Kalimantan Tengah)
Abstrak: Forest harvesting activities is stages of forest management that impact negatively on the specific environment but on the other hand have a positive impact on socio-economic life. Among the stages of forest harvesting the most negative impact on the environment is skidding activities. In generaly IUPHHK-HA in Indonesia using a tractor as a skid that impact on the decline in soil quality and the residual stand damages after harvesting. That negative impact can be minimized by environmentally friendly logging, known as RIL (Reduced Impact Logging). This research aims to determine effectiveness and efficiency of skidding activities conducted by PT. Austral Byna and partners as well as knowing the implementation of the rules of RIL (Reduced Impact Logging) in skidding activities at PT Austral Byna. Field observation carried out on 8 plots consisted of 4 plot worked out by the company and 4 plot worked out by partners. The size of opened areas obtained from the openness of the area due to skid trails and the openness of the area due to landings. The effectiveness of skid trails making plan obtained by comparing length of skid trails and the number of trees to be skidded to the realization in the activities of skidding. The efficiency of activities skidding is identified by comparing the skidding of timber volume and length of skid trails in a single plot. The observation of implementation rules of RIL made by measuring several parameters of the harvesting planning maps, completeness squad skid trails, construction of skid trails and activities after skidding. The result shows that the openness of the area due to skidding by the company more than done by partners (4,74 % > 4,08 %). The effectiveness of skid trail making plan on the plot by the company is more effective than the plot worked out by partners (83,29% > 62,73%). The efficiency of skid trails on the plot by the company is bigger than plot worked out by partners (39,88 m3/hm > 31,74 m3/hm). Observation of the implementation rules of RIL indicates that there are some parameters that do not fit with RIL skidding activities such as harvesting plan map that there are no contour lines and the direction of fallen trees, not carrying a map of harvesting by the skidding team, an average width of skid trails that are still more than 4 m, skiding distances there is still greater than 400 m, construction of crossdrain still have not fit in terms of number and shape, there is no replanted in the area of the former landings, and the opening of the temporary bridge is not lifting all the wood in rivers.
Keyword: 

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship