Judul: Karakteristik dan Kinetika Enzimatik β-Galaktosidase Isolat Bakteri AV-1 pada Susu Pasteurisasi
Abstrak: Lactose is not found in natural product except from mammary gland. Lactose must be hydrolized into glucose and galactose by β-galaktosidasesenzyme. So that, it is posible to be absorb by intestine. The purpose of this research was determined differences in characteristic and kinetics of β- galaktosidases-enzyme produced by AV-1 selected isolate lactid acid bacteria and Lactobacillus bulgaricus in hydrolyzing pasteurized milk. The optimum condition of AV-1 isolate β-galaktosidase enzyme was on incubation time 25 minute, temperature 43 °C, pH 6.5, with activity 0.182 U/ml, while the optimum condition of Lactobacillus bulgaricus β-galaktosidase enzyme was on incubation time 20 minute, temperature 43 °C, pH 6.5, with activity 0.357 U/ml. The kinetics parameters (Vmaks. and apparent KM) of isolate AV-1 β-galaktosidase enzyme were 0.198 U/ml and 1.314 mM, while the kinetics parameters (Vmaks. and apparent KM) of Lactobacillus bulgaricus’ β-galaktosidase enzyme (as control) were 0.385 U/ml and 1.075 mM. The activity of β-galaktosidase AV-1 isolate statistically was different from Lactobacillus bulgaricus’ (P < 0.05).
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Judul: Purifikasi, amobilisasi, dan karakterisasi β-galaktosidase dari Enterobacter cloacae serta potensinya terhadap susu UHT
Abstrak: Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is an important biotechnological process because the hydrolyzed products can be consumed by people with lactose intolerance. The aim of this study was purification, immobilization, and characterization of β-galactosidase from E. cloacae. This research also studied the hydrolysis of lactose in UHT milk. The stages of this research were production and purification β-galactosidase from E. cloacae; characterization of enzyme; optimization of immobilization formula; and hydrolisis of UHT milk. The β- galactosidase from E. cloacae was purified and showed a purification of 30.26- fold, a yield of about 6.18%, and a specific activity of 101.781 U/mg. Free and immobilized enzyme exhibited maximum activity at an optimal pH of 7.0 and an optimum temperature of 40°C. This enzyme was activated by Co2+, Mn2+, and Mg2+; however, was inhibited by Ca2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, and Hg2+. KM for free and immobilized β-galactosidase were 0.434 and 2.068 mM, respectively. Optimal formulation of cell and enzyme immobilization were consist of 10% (w/v) cell with 5% (w/v) sodium alginate and 10% (v/v) purified enzyme with 5% (w/v) sodium alginate, respectively. This researh found that entrapped β-galactosidase was higher in the hydrolysis of lactose present in milk (28.09%) after 6 hours in batch process as compared to entrapped E. cloacae (22.01%) after 18 hours. Free β-galactosidase was higher in the hydrolysis of lactose present in milk (78.20%) after 6 hours as compared to free E. cloacae (55.14%) after 18 hours.
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Judul: Sistem Pertamanan Kota Di Kotamadya Surabaya, Jawa Tlmur
Abstrak: Kehadiran taman-taman kota semakin dipwlukan di Kota Surabaya yang tidak hanya berfungsi untuk keindahan dan kenyarnanan kota, tetapi juga untuk meningkatkan kualitas Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dm kesejahteraan warganya. Sdah satu usaha y ang berdampak positif dalam mengurangi sisi negaiif dari pembangunan dan pkngembangan fisik kawasan kota adalah rnelalui perencaman lingkungan yaitu penataan pernbangunan sistem pertamanan kota atau 'Cify Park System ', yang merupakan bagian dari sistem ruang luar kota dan pendukung lanskap kota serta mempunyai peran penting dalarn menciptakan keteraturan ddam lingkungan kota.
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