Judul: Rantai Nilai Perdagangan Kayu Sengon Rakyat di Desa Sadeng Kecamatan Leuwisadeng Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Analysis of value chain is needed to know actors who are involved and their characteristic, added value for each actor, and marketing channel in Sengon trading. This research uses snow ball sampling method by following wood distribution line from raw material to be a product. Data used is primary data based on direct interview to the actors involved in each chain and secondary data from related institutions. Data analysis consist of: identifying the actors, identifying the character of each actors, analysis toward added value, identifying marketing channel, and the volume of Sengon production. The result of this research shows that the actors who are involved in Sengon trading in Sadeng village are farmer, middleman, sawmill, and governmental institutions. The characteristic of farmer, middleman, and sawmill are varied based on the process of bussiness activity applied, input component cost spent, and selling price specified. For the characteristic of governmental institutions is differentiated based on related policy about private woods trading. The amount of added value distributed on each actors varies, that the farmer is 6.98%, middleman is 15.90%, and sawmill is 77.12%. That is caused the distinction of bussiness scale and the diversification of product processed. There is one marketing channel in Sadeng village, that is from the farmer to middleman, then to sawmill, and the last is to consumers.
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Judul: Wood Marketing from Community Forests in Karacak Village, Leuwiliang Subdistrict, Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Kecamatan Leuwiliang memiliki potensi hutan rakyat yang cukup besar di Kabupaten Bogor, salah satunya adalah Desa Karacak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi pelaku yang terlibat dalam proses pemasaran kayu hutan rakyat, dan menjelaskan alur serta efisiensi pemasaran kayu dari hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Leuwiliang. Pengambilan data penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juni-Agustus 2022 dengan metode wawancara. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah margin pemasaran, farmer’s share, rasio keuntungan, dan efisiensi pemasaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua saluran pemasaran kayu dari hutan rakyat Kecamatan Leuwiliang. Pelaku pemasaran pada saluran pertama terdiri dari petani hutan rakyat dan industri sawmill, sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran kedua terdiri dari petani hutan rakyat, pedagang pengumpul, dan industri sawmill. Nilai margin dan farmer’s share pada saluran pemasaran pertama berturut turut sebesar 68,18% dan 31,82%; sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran kedua sebesar 82,64 % dan 17,36%. Rasio keuntungan K/B pemasaran hanya menguntungkan pada tingkat industri sawmill di kedua saluran pemasaran. Nilai efisiensi pemasaran pada saluran pemasaran pertama sebesar 50,17%; sedangkan saluran pemasaran kedua sebesar 70,42%. Kedua saluran pemasaran kayu hasil hutan rakyat memiliki nilai efisiensi pemasaran lebih dari 50% sehingga dikategorikan tidak memiliki efisiensi pemasaran yang baik., Leuwiliang Subdistrict has a significant potential for community forests in Bogor Regency, and one of these areas is karacak Village. The aim of this research was to identify the stakeholders involved in the marketing process of wood from community forests and explain the flow and efficiency of wood marketing from community forests in Leuwiliang Subdistrict. Data collection for this research was conducted from June to August 2022 using interview methods. The analysis employed in this study included marketing margin, farmer’s share, profit ratio, and marketing efficiency. The results of this research showed that two channel for marketing wood from community forests in Leuwiliang Subdistrict. The first channel involves community forest farmers and sawmill industries, while the second channel comprises community forest farmers, collecting traders, and sawmill industries. The margin and farmer’s share in the first marketing channel were 68.18% and 31.82%; respectively, while in the second marketing channel, they were 82.64% and 17.36%. The profit ratio (K/B) in marketing was only profitable at the sawmill industry level in both channels. The marketing efficiency in the first channel was 50.17%; whereas in the second channel, it was 70.42%. Both marketing channels for wood from community forests had a marketing efficiency values exceeding 50%, categorizing them as not having good marketing efficiency
Keyword: community forests, marketing channel, marketing efficiency, marketing stakeholders

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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