Judul: Bakteri Asam Laktat Asal Bekasam sebagai Kandidat Probiotik
Abstrak: Explotary studies of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) that have the potential as probiotic are continously conducted. One source of LAB which has potential as probiotic candidate is bekasam. The aims of this study were to select and evaluate LAB of bekasam origin as probiotic candidate. Three isolates of LAB of bekasam origin have isolated, selected, and evaluated their probiotic properties by in vitro method, then characterized, and identified with API 50 CHL. The result showed that all isolates well grown in gastric juice pH and small intestines pH with 0.5% bile salt (SR ≥50%). Three isolates showed antimicrobial activity to Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028. Characteristics of three LAB isolates candidate as probiotic were Gram-positive rod shaped, non motile, negative catalase, and homofermentative. The results of the identification found that SK(5) and NS(9) were Lactobacillus plantarum 1 with 99.9% and 99.5% similarities, while BP(10) was Lactobacillus pentosus with 99.9% similarities.
Keyword: probiotic candidate, lactic acid bacteria, in vitro, bekasam

Judul: Characterization of lactic acid bacteria from fermented fish product (Bekasam)
Abstrak: Bekasam is an Indonesian fermented fish product that has sour taste and mostly contain lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This study aimed to obtain and characterize LAB isolates from bekasam and to study their potency in inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacteria, i.e. Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, and Listeria monocytogenes. LAB were isolated from bekasam using MRSA media supplemented with CaCO3 0.5%. Incubation was done at 37°C for 48 hours. The pure cultures were verified as LAB based on morphological and biochemical characteristics. LAB were obtained, then they were selected for their antimicrobial activity and further the determination of their antimicrobial compounds. Identification for the selected isolates was based on 16S rDNA sequences, followed by production of organic acids. From eight bekasam samples, total of LAB was 1.4 x108-9.0x108 CFU/g. Seventy four isolates were successfully isolated. It was found that 62 isolates (84%) belonged to LAB. Twenty three isolates could inhibit the growth of the five pathogenic bacteria in vitro. The highest inhibition zone was on S. aureus. However, neutralized supernatant of the LAB culture did not inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria. While, cell free supernatant at pH 5 and 6 from 11 isolates did inhibit the growth of the pathogenic bacteria. BI(3), BP(3), BP(20) and SK(5) isolates growed in MRSB medium in vitro, They produced H2O2 concentrations are much smaller than the production of organic acids. The highest of antimicrobial activity was SK(5) isolates. Pellet of protein precipated from fourth isolates showed inhibitory zone against pathogenic bacteria, this inhibition is thought to have come from the bacteriocin, but will need more detailed testing. BI (3), BP (3) and BP (20) isolates showed antimicrobial activity of precipitated protein against E. coli, L. monocytogenes, and S. typhimurium, respectively, with concentration of ammonium sulfate at 40%, 10% and 70-80%, respectively. While SK (5) isolates showed antimicrobial activity only against S. typhimurium with concentration of ammonium sulfat at 40%, 60% and 70%. Molecular identification based on 16S rDNA sequence revealed that BI(3), BP(3), and BP(20) isolates were Pediococcus pentosaceusi IE 3 with similarity of 98%, 97%, and 98%, respectively. While SK(5) isolates showed 93% similarity to Lactobacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum NC 8. Productivity of organic acids from BI(3) isolates was the best than the other three isolates. The dominant organic acid content of BP (3) and SK (5) isolates were lactic acid while the BI (3) and BP (20) isolates were acetic acid. Thus BI (3), BP (3), BP (20) and SK (5) showed antimicrobial activity which could be useful in food preservation.
Keyword: 

Judul: Gerak intertropical convergence zone di wilayah Indonesia
Abstrak: Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) merupakan salalı satu faktor yang mempengaruhi intensitas dan distribusi curah hujan di Indonesia. Pada umumnya daerah yang dilalui ITCZ memiliki curah hujan yang tinggi. Oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui posisi ITCZ setiap bulan. Dalam penelitian ini dikaji metode penentuan posisi ITCZ berdasarkan data Geostationery Meteorological Satellite serta pola gerak ITCZ tiap bulan. Penentuan posisi gerak ITCZ dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi linear sederhana dan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga. Dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana dan polinom orde dua/tiga posisi ITCZ dapat ditentukan dengan ketepatan yang cukup baik. Posisi rata-rata ITCZ pada bulan Januari berada di belahan bumi selatan, sedangkan bulan April, Juli dan Oktober berada di belahan bumi utara. Dengan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga pada bulan April, Juli dan Oktober posisi rata-rata ITCZ berada 2º lintang lebih ke utara dan pada bulan Januari berada 3º lintang lebih ke selatan dibandingkan dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana. Untuk bulan Januari, April dan Juli penentuan posisi rata-rata ITCZ dengan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga relatif lebih tepat, sedangkan dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana terjadi penyimpangan yang cukup besar. Sebaliknya untuk bulan Oktober dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana relatif lebih tepat. Secara umum pola gerak ITCZ tiap bulan (1994-1997) mengikuti gerak matahari. Pada bulan Desember-Februari ITCZ bergerak ke selatan ekuator, bulan Maret-Mei bergerak ke utara menuju ekuator, bulan Juni-Agustus bergerak lebih jauh ke utara dan bulan September-November kembali bergerak ke selatan. Posisi rata-rata ITCZ paling selatan pada 3° LS (bulan Maret), sedangkan posisi rata-rata ITCZ paling utara pada 14° LU (bulan Agustus). Penyimpangan posisi ITCZ dapat terjadi karena pengelompokan jenis awan yang kurang spesifik, juga dapat disebabkan oleh penyimpangan sirkulasi Walker dari keadaan normal. Luas zone ITCZ pada bulan Januari, April, Juli dan Oktober berubah-ubah baik dalam tahun yang sama maupun antar tahun (1994-1997).
Keyword: