Judul: Studies on flowering and isolation of APETALA1 gene in cacao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Abstrak: Kakao merupakan komoditas penting bagi Indonesia, baik secara ekonomi maupun sosial. Namun demikian, produktivitas perkebunan kakao di Indonesia masih rendah. Salah satu masalah yang mempengaruhi rendahnya produksi kakao tersebut adalah pembungaannya yang tidak konsisten. Pada perkebunan di daerah tropis, pohon kakao dewasa dapat berbunga sepanjang tahun, tetapi pembungaan terbesar terjadi pada saat pergantian dari musim kering ke musim hujan. Di luar musim tersebut, pembungaan pohon kakao dapat diinduksi dengan beberapa senyawa retardan. Kemajuan biologi molekuler juga telah berkontribusi secara nyata dalam menjelaskan beberapa proses biologi, termasuk proses pembungaan. Hal ini dapat membantu untuk mendapatkan solusi yang efektif berkaitan dengan masalah rendahnya produktivitas.
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Judul: Amplifikasi dan Karakterisasi In Silico Daerah Pengapit Ujung 5’ Gen APETALA1 Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Abstrak: Cacao is one of important export comodities in Indonesia but its productivity is still in low category. The long juvenile phase is one of the cause of low productivity of cacao plantations. The effort to increase productivity drives on cacao studies of molecular flowering gene. In Arabidopsis, APETALA1 functions in earlier developmental stages in determination of the floral meristem identity and one of flowering identity genes that determines the formation of sepal and petal tissues. The purposes of the research are to amplify 5’-flanking regions APETALA1 gene from cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and analyse its promoter characteristic. Amplification of 5’-flanking regions APETALA1 gene using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced-PCR (TAIL-PCR) technique shows that spesific primer and arbitrary primer pairs can amplify the flanking region. Futhermore this fragment were transformed at competent cell E. Coli XL-1 Blue by using pGEMT Easy vector. The result of bioinformatic analysis using online promoter analysis software softberry shows undiscovered TATA box/enhancer on the amplified sequence and it contains 11 motifs of plant functional promoter element. Further analysis indicated that the amplified sequence belong to TATA-less promoter group with core motif microsatellite (CG)
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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