Judul: Kualitas Fisik dan Fraksi
Serat Serta Kelarutan Total Bahan Pakan Hasil Samping Pertanian Dengan
Penambahan Enzim Penghidroisis Serat.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji kualitas fisik dan kandungan fraksi serat, serta kelarutan total onggok, sekam padi, kulit kacang kedelai dan kulit kacang koro dengan dan tanpa pemberian enzim. Enzim yang digunakan, antara lain xilanase, mananase dan selulase. Parameter yang diukur antara lain, kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, sudut tumpukan, serat kasar, NDF, ADF, hemiselulosa dan kelarutan total. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 8 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan enzim berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) dalam meningkatkan kualitas fisik (KT, KPT dan ST) dan menurunkan kandungan fraksi serat (NDF, ADF, dan hemiselulosa), serta meningkatkan kelarutan total onggok, sekam padi, kulit kacang kedelai dan kulit kacang koro. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa penambahan enzim dapat meningkatkan kualitas bahan pakan, secara fisik maupun kimia, serta menunjukkan potensi penggunaan enzim dalam optimasi bahan pakan sumber serat dari hasil samping pertanian.
Keyword: agricultural by-products, crude fiber fraction, enzymes, physical quality

Judul: The Impact of Enzyme Addition on the Physical, Chemical, and Biological Value of Peeled Jack Bean Meal (Canavalia Ensiformis L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi pengaruh pengolahan dan penambahan enzim protease dan enzim polisakarida non pati (NSP) terhadap karakteristik fisik, komposisi kimia, energi dan protein metabolis kacang koro tanpa kulit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Sebanyak 20 ekor ayam digunakan dalam penelitian ini, terdiri dari 16 ekor untuk mengukur energi dan protein metabolis dan 4 ekor untuk mengukur energi endogen. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (kacang koro tanpa kulit), P1 (P0 + enzim protease), P2 (P0 + enzim NSP), dan P3 (P0 + enzim protease + enzim NSP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan penambahan enzim protease dan NSP pada kacang koro berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap karakteristik fisik, komposisi kimia, dan energi metabolis. Hal ini dikarenakan enzim protease dapat memecah protein menjadi peptida sehingga lebih mudah untuk diserap oleh hewan dan enzim NSP dapat memecah polisakarida non-pati sehingga dapat meningkatkan densitas pakan. Simpulannya, penambahan enzim protease dan NSP pada kacang koro tanpa kulit dapat meningkatkan energi metabolis, menjadikannya sebagai bahan pakan sumber protein alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk ayam broiler., The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of processing, including the addition of protease enzymes and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) on the physical characteristics, chemical composition, metabolizable energy and protein of peeled jack bean meal. The study employed a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. A total of 20 animals were used in this study, including 16 for measuring metabolizable energy and protein and 4 broiler chickens to measure endogenous. The treatments consisted of P0 (peeled jack bean meal), P1 (P0 + protease enzymes), P2 (P0+ NSP enzymes), and P3 (P0+ protease enzyme + NSP enzyme). The results of the analysis showed that the addition of protease and NSP enzymes to the peeled jack bean meal had a significant (P<0.05) effect on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and metabolizable energy. This was because protease enzyme specifically broke down proteins into smaller peptides, making them more accessible for absorption by the animals and NSP enzymes broke down non-starch polysaccharides which increased the bulk density of the feed. In conclusion, the addition of protease and NSP enzymes to the peeled jack bean meal increase metabolizable energy and making it a promising alternative protein source for broiler chickens
Keyword: metabolic energy, NSP enzyme, Peeled jack bean meal, physical characteristics, protease enzyme, protein digestibility

Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model