Judul: Providing sustainable forage feed throught arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and rock phosphat aplication on arachis pintoi cv Amarillo in intercropping with Zea mays L or Sorghum bicolor L.
Abstrak: Forage is the main feed of ruminant animal in the tropics. Generally, the development of forage only utilize marginal lands which are characterized by scarcity of food nutrients P and acid pH. Therefore, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is very possible to be applied. The purpose of this study was to obtain indigenous rizosfir AMF diversity of A. pintoi cv Amarillo under coconut stands, get the indigenous rizosfir isolates, identify the type of polyphenol secondary metabolites in A. pintoi, determine whether both leaves and root secondary metabolites of A. pintoi acts as either antioxidant or cytotoxic, and get an ideal intercropping of AMF inoculated A. pintoi and natural phosphate application on corn and sorghum as an effort to provide sustainable feed. The research was conducted in several stages, consists of 1) spores exploration of A. pintoi AMF rizosfir under coconuts in Coconut Research Center and Other Palma (Pacioni method 1992), followed by centrifugation technique method (Brundrett et al. 1996); 2) Analysis of phytochemical and flavonoid content of A. pintoi extract (Harborne 2006); 3) Analysis of antioxidants with 1.1 diphenyl-2- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) test based on Hanani et al. (2005); 4) Analysis cytotoxicity based on brine shrimp lethality test method (BSLT) using shrimp larvae of Artemia salina Leach as the test animals (McLaughlin et al. 1998); 5) test animals the AMF isolates were inoculated into the A. pintoi and the addition of NP fertilizer on maize and sorghum intercropping. The results obtained from the isolation and identification of the A. pintoi AMF rizosfir spores under coconut stands, consists of Acaulospora-sp, Glomus-sp Gigaspora-sp and Sclorystis-sp. Analysis of antioxidant with the 1.1 diphenyl-2- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) test, found the secondary metabolites of the phenolic groups were flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The quinone was not found in extracts of A. pintoi. The antioxidant obtained were higher in the leaves than the roots respectively: IC50 135.86 μg/ml, 124.24 μg/ml. In cytotoxicity test, the LC50 values obtained at the root and the leaves successively 300.32 μg /ml, 413.99 μg/ml. The AMF inoculation on A. pintoi and application of natural phosphate on maize and sorghum intercropping provide results of maize and sorghum yields (plant height, number and width of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight) were higher than without A. pintoi. AMF inoculation and the presence of natural phosphate application generates a higher growth and production of maize and sorghum. The interaction among intercropping and phosphate, intercropping and inoculation, phosphate and inoculation, and of intercropping, phosphate and inoculation would enhance the growth and production of maize and sorghum for the provision of sustainable forage.
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Judul: Kualitas Inokulum Tunggal dan Konsorsium Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula pada Inang Sorghum dan Efektivitasnya pada Pembibitan Indigofera
Abstrak: The production process of forage plants often needs help with problems, especially in terms of low land availability and quality. Efforts are needed to increase the production of forage crops on marginal land, including the addition of biological fertilizers. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (FMA) is a potential biofertilizer for increasing the production of forage crops on marginal land. The study objectives included (1) optimizing single and consortium AMF inoculum production techniques using the host plant Sorghum bicolor and (2) evaluating the most effective single and consortium AMF species in Indigofera zollingeriana plant nurseries. The experimental design used at each stage of the study was a completely randomized design (CRD). This research was divided into two stages, the first stage was the production of single and consortium AMF inoculum at the greenhouse scale using the host plant Sorghum bicolor with zeolite as a growth medium. The second stage was the application of single and consortium AMF inoculum products, which were the results from the first research stage on Indigofera zollingeriana using latosol soil as the growth medium. The results of the first stage of the study showed that single AMF inoculums and consortium were significantly different (P<0.05) on root colonization and spore count but not significantly different (P>0.05) on plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, biomass fresh and dry biomass of host plant Sorghum bicolor. The results of the second stage of the study showed that inoculation of AMF in Indigofera zollingeriana nurseries in a single form resulted in effectiveness that was not significantly different (P>0.05) from the consortium's FMA inoculation on AMF colonization, plant height, stem diameter, fresh biomass and dry plant biomass. Inoculum inoculation in single form Glomus etinucatum resulted in a higher colonization value (P<0.05) than single inoculum Acaulospora tuberculata and Glomus manihotis. The results of the study can be concluded that the mass production of a single AMF and a consortium is effective on the host plant Sorghum bicolor by producing a very high percentage of root colonization (85.2-93.6%). Single AMF (Glomus etinucatum, Glomus manihotis, Acaulospora tuberculata, Gigaspora margarita, Glomus sp.) against a consortium AMF produced the same symbiotic effectiveness in terms of root colonization, morphological response and plant biomass production rate in Indigofera zollingeriana nurseries. Root colonization rate from single inoculum Glomus etinucatum was better than single inoculum Acaulospora tuberculata and Glomus manihotis.
Keyword: Consortium AMF, Indigofera zollingeriana, Mass Production, Single AMF, Sorghum bicolor

Judul: Frekuensi Orang Kidal Usia 6-21 Tahun di Setu Babakan, DKI Jakarta.
Abstrak: Handedness didefinisikan sebagai preferensi seseorang dalam penggunaan salah satu tangan, baik kanan maupun kiri, secara lebih dominan untuk melakukan berbagai kegiatan sehari-hari dengan lebih tepat. Handedness dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, perkembangan, dan budaya. Orang dengan preferensi tangan kiri biasa disebut dengan kidal. Frekuensi orang kidal selalu lebih rendah dibandingkan orang yang tidak kidal. Terdapat sekitar 10% dari total populasi di dunia yang kidal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari handedness serta menentukan frekuensi orang kidal di Setu Babakan, DKI Jakarta dengan survei kuesioner. Subjek penelitian ini merupakan pria dan wanita yang tinggal di Setu Babakan, DKI Jakarta dengan rentang usia 6-21 tahun. Frekuensi orang kidal di Setu Babakan adalah 4.1%. Frekuensi orang kidal lebih tinggi ditemukan pada pria dibandingkan dengan wanita. Frekuensi orang kidal cenderung menurun pada kelompok usia yang lebih tua. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan tekanan budaya, sosial, dan lingkungan yang memengaruhi handedness.
Keyword: betawi, handedness, kidal