Judul: Customary Forest Recognition and the Meaning of Welfare by Indigenous People
Abstrak: Hutan adat merupakan sumberdaya alam yang penting di kehidupan masyarakat, terutama masyarakat adat yang tinggal di sekitar wilayah hutan. Perjalanan pembangunan di Indonesia yang sempat menempatkan hutan adat sebagai milik negara yang kelolanya terpusat pada kuasa negara menyebabkan pemiskinan dan marginalisasi kepada masyarakat yang selama ini memanfaatkan hutan. Sekarang saat hutan adat kembali menjadi hutan hak yang dipegang oleh masyarakat, menarik untuk dilihat bagaimana persepsi dan perubahan dalam kehidupan masyarakat adat, khususnya pada struktur nafkah, struktur agraria, konflik agraria, tenurial security, human security, serta pengaruhnya terhadap pemaknaan akan kesejahteraan itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh penetapan status hutan adat terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran instrumen kuesioner, wawancara mendalam, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penetapan status hutan adat yang diuji pada Desa Citorek Timur dan Desa Citorek Kidul, berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Citorek Timur.
Keyword: customary forest, indigenous people, well-being

Judul: Collaborative Governance in Agrarian  Empowernment after Recognition of Customary Forest
Abstrak: Pengakuan terhadap wilayah dan eksistensi masyarakat adat melalui penetapan Hutan Adat menunjukan bahwa masyarakat mampu membangun hak dan kekuasaan yang bersifat konstitutif dan memberdayakan. Collaborative governance dilakukan sebagai upaya dalam mengoptimalkan penggunaan sumber daya serta memastikan pengelolaan lingkungan yang berkelanjutan. Pemberdayaan agraria mendorong masyarakat untuk dapat memanfaatkan potensi yang dimiliki demi meningkatkan kesejahterann masyarakat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Citorek Timur yang merupakan bagian dari masyarakat adat Kasepuhan Citorek. Oleh karena itu, tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat collaborative governance dan mengidentifikasi potensi pemberdayaan agraria. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif, kualitatif, dan AHP. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penetapan hutan adat membuka peluang bagi masyarakat dalam aspek pemberdayaan yang diinisiasi oleh banyak pihak. Selain itu, collaborative governance mulai terjalin baik dan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan dengan imajinasi keberlanjutan. Setidaknya sektor potensial yang dapat dikembangkan di Desa Citorek Timur antara lain pertanian, perikanan, dan perkebunan
Keyword: collaboratove governance, hutan adat, pemberdayaan agraria

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable