Judul: Effect of Organic Selenium on Production Performance  and Immune Response of White Leg Shrimp Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Udang vaname merupakan produk utama budidaya perikanan dan juga berisiko terserang penyakit AHPND (Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Diseases) yang disebabkan oleh Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Salah satu alternatif untuk mencegah infeksi bakteri yaitu dengan menggunakan selenium organik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh selenium organik dengan dosis berbeda melalui pakan terhadap kinerja produksi dan respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Udang yang digunakan memiliki bobot awal 5,64±0,18 g yang dipelihara selama 30 hari dan diuji tantang dengan V. parahaemolyticus dengan dosis 105 CFU/ekor pada hari ke-31 setelah diberikan pakan uji coba, kemudian mortalitas diamati selama tujuh hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu 2, 6, 12, 18 mg/kg pakan, dan kontrol tanpa selenium organik. Pemberian selenium organik mampu meningkatkan kinerja produksi dan respons imun udang terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Dosis terbaik diperoleh pada 2 mg/kg pakan yang mampu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan harian, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversi pakan, dan melindungi udang terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus., Pacific white leg shrimp is the main product of aquaculture and is also at risk of AHPND (Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Diseases) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. One alternative to prevent bacterial infection is to use organic selenium. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of organic selenium with different doses through feed on the production performance and immune response of shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus. The shrimp used had an initial weight of 5.64±0.18 g which was reared for 30 days and challenged by injection of V. parahaemolyticus at a dose of 105 CFU/shrimp on day 31st after given feed trials, then the mortality was monitored during seven days. The treatment given was 2, 6, 12, 18 mg/kg feed, respectively, and control without selenium organic. Administration of organic selenium was able to increase production performance and immune response of shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection. The best dose was obtained at 2 mg/kg feed which was able to increase the daily growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protect shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection.
Keyword: Bacteria, growth, immune, organic selenium, white leg shrimp

Judul: The Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on Histopathological View of Hepatopankreas of Vaname Shrimp Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Vibrio parahaemolyticus dapat menginfeksi udang vaname, menyebabkan kelainan acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Selenium dan vitamin E mempunyai peran penting sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati perbedaan gambaran histopatologi hepatopankreas udang vaname yang diinfeksi VPAHPND yang diberi pakan komersial tanpa dan dengan penambahan selenium, vitamin E, dan kombinasi keduanya, serta kelompok yang menunjukkan hasil terbaik. Sebanyak 600 ekor udang post-larvae (PL) dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yakni kelompok K sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok A sebagai kontrol positif, kelompok B diberi penambahan selenium dosis 20 mg/kg, kelompok C diberi penambahan vitamin E dengan dosis 1000 mg/kg, dan kelompok D diberi penambahan kombinasi selenium dosis 20 mg/kg dan vitamin E dosis 1000 mg/kg. Gambaran histopatologis hepatopankreas udang PL pada tiap kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kombinasi selenium dan vitamin E memberikan hasil yang terbaik dalam menjaga integritas serta fungsi hepatopankreas udang dari toksin yang dihasilkan bakteri VPAHPND., Vibrio parahaemolyticus can infect vanamei shrimp, causing acute hepatopancreatic necrotic disease (AHPND). Both selenium and vitamin E have important roles as antioxidants. This study aims to observe the differences in the histopathological view of the hepatopancreas of vaname shrimp infected with VPAHPND and fed with commercial feed with and without the addition of selenium, vitamin E, and a combination of both, as well as the group that shows the best results. A total of 600 post-larvae (PL) shrimp were divided into 5 groups, namely group K as negative control, group A as positive control, group B which was given selenium at a dose of 20 mg/kg, group C which was given vitamin E at a dose of 1000 mg/kg, and group D which was given a combination of selenium at a dose of 20 mg/kg and vitamin E at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. The histopathological views of PL shrimp hepatopancreas in each group were compared. The results showed that the combination of selenium and vitamin E produced the optimal result in maintaining the integrity and function of shrimp hepatopancreas against toxins produced by VPAHPND bacteria.
Keyword: hepatopancreas, histopathology, selenium, vitamin E, VPAHPND

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology