Judul: Peat Water Table, Nutrient Dynamics and Leaf Nutrient  Status in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Plantations
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan penghasil minyak sawit terbesar di dunia, dimana Provinsi Riau, khususnya Kabupaten Siak, menjadi kontributor utama. Penelitian dilakukan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit di Kabupaten Siak yang memiliki iklim hutan hujan tropis dengan kelembaban tinggi. Jenis tanah di daerah ini merupakan lahan gambut dengan kematangan hemik. Curah hujan mempengaruhi tinggi muka air dan volume air gambut, dimana akan mempengaruhi dinamika hara daun dan gambut, sehingga mempengaruhi perkembangan vegetatif dan produksi tanaman. Untuk mengetahui pengaruh tinggi muka air, dilakukan penelitian pada lokasi gambut dengan rancangan percobaan purposive sampling, dengan 3 blok ulangan, dimana setiap blok terdiri dari 5 plot, dengan 6 sampel tanaman di setiap plot. Penelitian dimulai dari Februari 2023 - Maret 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa interval tinggi muka air 40 - 50 cm dan volume air 70 - 85 ml 100 ml-1 merupakan yang optimum dalam penyerapan hara daun P, K, Cu, Zn, dan B, dan kadar klorofil daun. Kadar klorofil daun pada interval 0,040 - 0,045 mg cm-2 merupakan yang optimum dalam penyerapan hara daun P, K, Cu, Zn, dan B, serta bobot tandan, sedangkan bobot kering daun dipengaruhi oleh kadar hara daun Cu, Zn, dan B pada interval yang optimum. Metode diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) merupakan alternatif dalam menghitung kadar hara daun yang mendekati standar hara daun., Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil in the world, where Riau Province, especially Siak Regency, is the main contributor. The research was conducted on oil palm plantations in Siak Regency which has a tropical rainforest climate with high humidity. The soil type in this area is peatland with hemic maturity. Rainfall affects the water level and volume of peat water, which will affect the nutrient dynamics of leaves and peat, thus affecting vegetative development and plant production. To determine the effect of water level height, a study was conducted on peat locations with a purposive sampling experiment design, with 3 replicate blocks, where each block consisted of 5 plots, with 6 plant samples in each plot. The research started from February 2023 - March 2024. The results showed that the water table interval of 40 - 50 cm and water volume of 70 - 85 ml 100 ml-1 were optimal in the absorption of leaf nutrients P, K, Cu, Zn, and B, and leaf chlorophyll levels. The level of leaf chlorophyll at the interval of 0,040 - 0,045 mg cm-2 was optimal in the absorption of leaf nutrients P, K, Cu, Zn, and B, as well as the weight of the bunch, while the dry weight of the leaves was affected by the nutrient levels of Cu, Zn, and B at the optimal interval. The diagnosis and recommendation integrated system (DRIS) method is an alternative in calculating leaf nutrient levels that are close to the leaf nutrient standard.
Keyword: pemupukan, bobot isi, porositas, klorofil daun, DRIS

Judul: Model of nutrients balance related to oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) productivity
Abstrak: Indonesia is the country which has the largest area of oil palm plantation in the world. Indonesia had only about 1.12 million hectares of oil palm plantation in 1990s, but greatly increased in 2000s which attain 4.15 million hectares and in 2012 had reached about 9.07 million hectares. Oil palm has many advantages compared to other oil crops such as higher production per unit area, long economic life, and its product, either edible or nonedible one can be used in variety industries. Oil palm productivity is highly affected by so many internal and external factors. Fertilization is one of the external factors which have a big effect on oil palm productivity. Nutritients addition through fertilization will lead of alter nutrient balance in the soil; which will affect nutrients availability and plant nutrient uptake. The aim of this study was to determine the nutrients balance for oil palm both of in the plant tissue and the soil. Hopefully, the results of the study could be use on of consideration in fertilizer recommendation practice related to determination of fertilizer requirements for oil palm thus will be more appropriate in order to achieve optimum oil palm productivity. Exploration survey method was used in this study by collecting data of oil palm production, foliar and soil analysis. The data were collected from several oil palm plantations in Indonesia such as North Sumatera, Jambi, Riau, West Sumatera, Lampung, South Sumatera, West Java, West Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, and South Kalimantan provinces. Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System (DRIS) was used for determined nutrients balance in the oil palm tissue whereas boundary line method was used for determining nutrients balance in the soil. The results showed that (1) the norms value for each nutrient ratio were 15.92 for N/P, 2.53 for N/K, 3.87 for N/Ca, 10.12 for N/Mg, 6.35 for K/P, 4.17 for Ca/P, 1.62 for Mg/P, 1.55 for K/Ca, 4.05 for K/Mg, and 2.65 for Ca/Mg; and (2) the optimum value of soil nutrient balance of Ca/K, Ca/Mg, and Mg/K were 6.4, 2.5, and 2.3 respectively.
Keyword: Nutrients balance, Boundary line method, DRIS, Elaeis guineensis Jacq

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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