Judul: Analisis ekonomi terumbu karang (Studi kasus di Kawasan Kelurahan Pulau Kelapa, Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta.)
Abstrak: Salah satu biota laut yang sangat bermanfaat bagi kelangsungan hidup biota laut lainnya adalah terumbu karang. Terumbu karang merupakan sumber mata pencaharian utama bagi ratusan hingga ribuan nelayan terutama pada waktu paceklik. Terumbu karang juga berfungsi sebagai penahan terhadap erosi gelombang laut, sehingga melindungi pantai dan kawasan pemukiman pantai, lahan pertanian dan pulau - pulau kecil. Terumbu karang merupakan sumber devisa yang diperoleh dari para pengelola wisata bahari.
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Judul: Analisis ekonomi rehabilitasi ekosistem terumbu karang dengan metode terumbu buatan (Artificial reefs) di Perairan Kabupaten Administratif Kepulauan Seribu,Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Terumbu karang adalah bangunan ribuan hewan yang menjadi tempat hidup berbagai ikan dan makhluk laut lainnya. Terumbu karang yang sehat dengan luas 1 km2 dapat menghasilkan 20 ton ikan. Terumbu karang Indonesia merupakan salah satu penyumbang terbesar perikanan laut di dunia yang menyediakan sekitar 3,6 juta ton dari produksi perikanan laut secara keseluruhan. Persediaan karang dan ikan karang Indonesia yang melimpah terancam oleh praktek penangkapan ikan yang merusak seperti penangkapan ikan dengan menggunakan racun sianida dan bahan peledak. Terumbu karang memiliki fungsi ekosistem yang penting, yang menyediakan barang dan jasa bagi ratusan juta penduduk khususnya di negara-negara berkembang. Terumbu karang yang kondisinya menurun akan kehilangan nilai karena menjadi tidak produktif. Di Kepulauan Seribu (perairan bagian Utara Jakarta), sekitar 90-95% terumbu karang hingga kedalaman 25 m mengalami kematian. Ada beragam upaya mengatasi penurunan atau kelangkaan stok sumberdaya ikan. Beberapa diantaranya dengan menggunakan rumpon dan terumbu buatan. Upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengembalikan fungsi ekologi terumbu karang Kepulauan Seribu adalah dengan rehabilitasi melalui penenggelaman terumbu buatan (artificial reefs)
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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