Judul: Evaluasi Bahan Pakan Sumber Protein Alternatif Terhadap Kandungan Nutrien Dan Kecernaan Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tepung jangkrik, tepung ulat hongkong, dan tepung BSF (Black Soldier Fly) sebagai alternatif bahan pakan sumber protein bagi ternak ruminansia terhadap nilai nutrien dan kecernaan ditinjau secara fermentasi in vitro. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian meliputi, P1 (bungkil kedelai), P2 (tepung ikan), P3 (tepung jangkrik), P4 (tepung ulat hongkong), P5 (tepung BSF umur 2 minggu), P6 (tepung BSF umur 1 minggu). Peubah yang diamati antara lain komposisi kimia, NDF, ADF, NDICP, ADICP, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik, nilai pH, konsentrasi VFA, konsentrasi amonia, total produksi gas, dan gas metan. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap total produksi gas, kecernaan pakan, nilai pH, dan konsentrasi amonia.
Keyword: black soldier fly, in vitro, jangkrik, ulat hongkong, sumber protein

Judul: Evaluasi In Vitro Penggunaan Tepung Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Sebagai Alternatif Bungkil Kedelai Dalam Ransum Ruminansia
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan tepung black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) sebagai alternatif bungkil kedelai dalam ransum ruminansia terhadap komposisi nutrien dan kecernaan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu P1 (100% rumput gajah), P2 (60% rumput gajah + 40% bungkil kedelai), P3 (60% rumput gajah + 40% BSF U1), P4 (60% rumput gajah + 40% BSF U2), P5 (60% rumput gajah + 20% bungkil kedelai + 20% BSF U1), P6 (100% rumput gajah + 20% bungkil kedelai + 20% BSF U2) dan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah komposisi nutrien, kinetika dan akumulasi produksi gas, total produksi CH4, pH, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik, konsentrasi ammonia, dan konsentrasi VFA. Data diuji menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan tes Duncan. Penggunaan 20% BSF U1 pada perlakuan ke-5 memilki pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap komposisi nutrien dan kecernaan in vitro ransum jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain yang juga menggunakan BSF. Penggunaan tepung BSF U1 dan U2 dalam ransum ruminansia dengan rasio 20% dan 40% mampu meningkatkan kadar protein, berpengaruh signifikan (P < 0.05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering, dan sangat berpengaruh (P < 0.01) terhadap akumulasi produksi gas, total produksi CH4, konsentrasi VFA, konsentrasi ammonia, dan kecernaan bahan organik.
Keyword: black soldier fly, bungkil kedelai, kecernaan in vitro, komposisi nutrisi

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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