Judul: Peningkatan Sifat Fisik dan Mekanis Edible Film Karagenan melalui Penambahan Penaut Silang Kation Ca2+ dan Nanopartikel Karbon.
Abstrak: Edible film dari karagenan merupakan lapisan tipis yang terbuat dari bahan yang dapat dikonsumsi. Aplikasi edible film pada penyalut makanan bermanfaat untuk menambah masa simpan makanan dan melindungi makanan dari mikroorganisme berbahaya. Penambahan nanopartikel karbon dan penaut silang kation Ca2+ pada edible film berbahan dasar karagenan bertujuan meningkatkan kuat tarik dan menurunkan laju permeabilitas uap air. Nanopartikel karbon dan Ca2+ ditambahkan pada setiap film dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, 15%, dan 20% b/v. Kuat tarik edible film meningkat seiring peningkatan konsentrasi nanopartikel karbon dan Ca2+, sedangkan nilai permeabilitas uap air menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya nanopartikel karbon dan Ca2+. Ca2+ dapat berperan sebagai panaut silang yang ditandai dengan pergeseran bilangan gelombang ke arah yang lebih rendah pada spektrum inframerah yang dihasilkan. Pencirian menggunakan SEM (scanning electron microscope) menunjukkan bahwa terdapat aglomerasi nanopartikel karbon pada permukaan edible film.
Keyword: karagenan, nanopartikel karbon, penaut silang Ca2+, permeabilitas air, sifat mekanik

Judul: Pengaruh Rasio Protein Sorgum Manis-Karagenan terhadap Karakteristik Edible Film.
Abstrak: Edible film merupakan teknologi pengemas makanan yang bersifat biodegradable dan dapat langsung dikonsumsi karena terbuat dari bahan organik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menyintesis edible film berbasis protein sorgum manis-karagenan serta menganalisis performa edible film. Sintesis edible film dilakukan dengan teknik solution casting. Parameter yang akan dianalisis ialah ketebalan, densitas, WVTR, kuat tarik, elongasi, modulus elastis, SEM dan FTIR. Peningkatan volume larutan protein diiringi dengan penurunan larutan karagenan didapati menurunkan ketebalan dan sifat mekanik edible film. Hasil analisis ketebalan 0.027 – 0.057 mm, densitas 1.65 – 1.83 g/cm3, WVTR 4.19 – 5.46 g/m2·jam, kuat tarik 1.26 – 2.17 N/mm2, elongasi 14.89 – 27 %, dan modulus elastis 10.24 – 32.51 N/mm2. Penambahan volume larutan protein sorgum manis tidak berpengaruh nyata (p-value > 0.05) pada kuat tarik dan elongasi, namun berpengaruh nyata (p-value < 0.05) pada modulus elastis. Morfologi edible film homogen dan halus. Pencampuran larutan terjadi secara fisik ditandai dengan tidak terbentuknya gugus fungsi baru.
Keyword: edible film, karagenan, protein, sorgum manis

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite