Judul: Pengaruh Suhu, Kaporit, dan pH Terhadap Pertumbuhan Cendawan Entomopatogen Transgenik Aspergillus niger-GFP dan Patogenisitasnya pada Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Abstrak: Cendawan entom opatogen transgenikAspergillus niger-G FP koleksi PPSHB dan laboratorium M ikologi IPB telah terbukti efektif sebagai pengendali hayati larva nyam uk Aedes aegypti pada skala laboratorium . Beberapa faktor abiotik (lingkungan) dapat mempengaruhi pertum buhan dan kelangsungan hidup cendawan di alam . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mem pelajari pengaruh faktor abiotik suhu, kaporit, dan pH terhadap pertum buhan (populasi) dan patogenisitas A. niger- GFP pada larva A. aegypti di lingkungan akuatik. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu pengujian survival cendawan pada m edia air tanpa larva selam a 7 hari, dan survival dan patogenisitas cendaw an pada m edia air yang m engandung larva instar III selam a 14 hari. Kolonisasi cendawan pada larva diam ati dengan m ikroskop dan postulat Koch. Hasil penelitian m enunjukkan bahwa suhu, pH dan kaporit mempengaruhi pertum buhan dan patogenisitasA. niger- GFP. Pertum buhan (survival)A. niger-GFP paling baik pada kultur akuatik dengan perlakuan abiotik suhu ruang (28oC) yaitu sebesar 712 koloni, pH 7 sebesar 3017 koloni dan konsentrasi kaporit 0.48 ppm sebesar 2181 koloni. Patogenisitas A. niger-GFP terhadap larva nyam uk pada perlakuan beberapa faktor abiotik mam pu membunuh larva hingga 100 % dalam waktu 2 minggu.
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Judul: Pengaruh Kepadatan Larva Aedes aegypti dan Kekeringan Terhadap Survival dan Patogenisitas Cendawan Aspergillus niger.
Abstrak: The aim of the experiment was to study the effect of Aedes aegypti larval density and dryness on survival and pathogenicity of Aspergillus niger. The effect of larval density on survival and pathogenicity of A. niger was studied using instar III of A. aegypti larvae, whereas the effect of dryness was studied on A. aegypti egg. The survival and pathogenicity test of A. niger on A. aegypti larvae were carried out in unsterilized tap water. The fungi used was A. niger carrying gfp gene as a marker. The treatment of larval density used were 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 larvae. The number and age of eggs used were 200 and a week-old, respectively. Parameters measured were number of A. niger colony, larval mortality, and eggs hatching. The result showed that fungal survival that indicated by number of colony reduced from 1x108 spores in first day to 225 spores in the second day and the reduction continued until 6 days after incubation to 30 spores. At 7 days incubation, the colony increased to 40 spores. A. niger had high pathogenicity on larvae and eggs of A. aegypti. The mortality of larvae at all treatments started at 3 days after inoculation. The mortality at 3 days after inoculation were 6.7, 9.3, 13.0, 18.0, and 21.5% at 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 larval, respectively. The mortality increased at 14 days after inoculation. The values were 33.3, 38.7, 52.0, 54.4, and 58.5% at 10, 50, 100, 150, and 200 larval density treatment, respectively. The A. niger had high pathogenicity on A. aegypti eggs. All of eggs tested did not hatch after inoculated by A. niger and incubated for 14 days.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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