Judul: Pola Pernikahan Masyarakat Batak Karo di Perantauan
Abstrak: Pernikahan adalah budaya yang tidak akan pernah berhenti, pernikahan akan terjadi secara berkelanjutan Dasarnya, karena pernikahan merupakan kebutuhan biologis manusia. Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya akan budaya dan etnis. Setiap suku di Indonesia mempunyai tata cara/adat istiadat dalam pelaksanaan pernikahan itu sendiri. Begitupun dengan suku Batak karo yang mempunyai sendiri tata cara pelaksanaan pernikahan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman Karo Banyak masyarakat yang merantau ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya Bogor berjalan-jalan. Masyarakat Karo yang merantau ke wilayah Bogor pada umumnya akan berusaha melakukan adaptasi ke negara tempat tinggal baru. Keadaan ini juga terjadi pada perkawinan Karo dalam pola adaptasi di Bogor. Namun adaptasi pernikahan masyarakat Karo di Bogor berupaya menjaga nilai-nilai budaya Karo dan sakralisme perkawinan. Mereka do Karo Dimodifikasi pada pola perkawinan, dengan tetap menjaga nilai budaya pernikahan.
Keyword: Weddings Karo, Adaptation marriage patterns, Attitudes

Judul: The existence of bajapuik, a minangkabau marriage tradition practiced in Pariaman , West Sumatra
Abstrak: One model of marriage tradition that often gets the spotlight is bajapuik, an action of giving a sum of money or uang japuik to the prospective bridegroom by the prospective brides’ family. The tradition, which is only practiced by Minangkabau people from Pariaman, contradicts to the rules of marriage in Islam of which the bridegroom has to give something as a present or mahar to the bride. Today, the amount of uang japuik has continuously increase as the socioeconomic status of prospective bridegroom improves. This has resulted in financial burden to the prospective brides’ family. Therefore, this study is aimed to find out what values, basic forms of exchange in bajapuik tradition marriage and factors affecting the changes. It is also aimed to identify who are involved and what are their roles in the bajapuik tradition. Finally it is intended to analyse what are the reasons why bajapuik tradition is still exist in a changing society. Post-positivism paradigm was used to answer these problems and both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed. Data was collected through a survey, in-depth, participant observation, documentation and literature study. Respondents and informants of the research were the people living in surrounding areas of Pariaman. They are chosen on the basis of purposive and snowballing sampling method, The respondent were young, middle and old generation, while the informants were people of KAN (Kerapatan Adat Nagari); and ex-KAN; LKAAM (Lembaga Kerapatan Alam Adat Minangkabau) and tiga tungku sajarangan. This study shows that bajapuik tradition with the uang japuik still exists in the society because it is continuously experiencing adjustments, until present time. This is manifested is the exchange of the basic changes from the title of nobility (ascribed status) to the socio-economic status (achievement status), although the bases of the exchange value is still the same, that is cultural values. Exchange in bajapuik tradition involves actors from the families, which consists of parents, mamak and ninik mamak. The amount tradition of bajapuik money depent on the socioeconomic status of prospective bridegroom. The existence of bajapuik tradition in the social context until the present time is supported by families both parties who share the same values and internal solidarity among the family members.
Keyword: 

Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum