Judul: Trade Competitiveness Diagnostic and Determinant of Indonesian Spice Exports Commodities
Abstrak: Salah satu komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia yang bernilai tinggi adalah rempah-rempah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing dan determinan dari rempah Indonesia di negara tujuan utama pada periode 2017-2021. Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan pendekatan Trade Outcome Analysis dari Trade Competitiveness Diagnostic (TCD) yang terdiri dari beberapa indikator, antara lain: Revealed Comparative Symmetric Advantage (RSCA), Trade Balance Index (TBI), Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT), Trade Complementarity Index (TCI), dan Index of Export Market Penetration (IEMP) dapat diketahui bahwa rempah Indonesia sebagian besar memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan berdaya saing tinggi namun aktivitas perdagangan komoditas tersebut cenderung masih satu arah dengan daya penetrasi pasar rendah. Meskipun demikian, Indonesia menunjukkan posisi sebagai net-exporter dan dapat memenuhi permintaan di negara tujuan dengan baik. Hasil analisis data panel menunjukkan bahwa harga ekspor, GDP riil Indonesia, nilai tukar, jumlah populasi, nilai indeks RSCA, serta TBI berpengaruh signifikan. Sedangkan, GDP riil negara tujuan dan jarak ekonomi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspor rempah-rempah Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama., One of Indonesia's high-value export commodities was spices. This study aimed to analyze the competitiveness and determinants of Indonesian spices in the main destination countries during the period of 2017-2021. Based on the analysis using the Trade Outcome Analysis approach from Trade Competitiveness Diagnostic (TCD) consisting of several indicators, such as Revealed Comparative Symmetric Advantage (RSCA), Trade Balance Index (TBI), Intra Industry Trade Index (IIT), Trade Complementarity Index (TCI), and Index of Export Market Penetration (IEMP), it was observed that Indonesian spices mostly had comparative advantages and high competitiveness, but trade activities for the commodity tended to be one directional with low market penetration. Nevertheless, Indonesia showed a position as a net exporter and could fulfill demand in destination countries well. Panel data analysis showed that export prices, Indonesia's real GDP, exchange rate, population, RSCA index value, and TBI had a significant effect. Meanwhile, the real GDP of destination countries and economic distance did not significantly affect Indonesia's spice exports to the main destination countries.
Keyword: Panel Data, Spices, TCD

Judul: Analysis of Indonesia's Nutmeg Export Performance and Competitiveness.
Abstrak: Pala merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia. Indonesia menjadi eksportir terbesar di dunia pada komoditas pala dengan HS 090811. Meskipun demikian tetap diperlukan inovasi serta pengembangan sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai ekspor. Penelitian ini menganalisis Kinerja dan Daya Saing Ekspor Pala Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama dengan menggunakan data dari 9 negara, yaitu Vietnam, Amerika Serikat, Belanda, Jepang, Jerman, Italia, Singapura, India, dan Korea Selatan selama periode 2012-2018. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan regresi data panel. Hasil RCA menunjukkan bahwa ekspor pala Indonesia pada semua negara tujuan memiliki daya saing yang kuat serta keunggulan komparatif. Analisis EPD menunjukkan Amerika Serikat dan India berada pada posisi Rising Star, Falling Star pada Vietnam, Jepang, Jerman, Italia, dan Singapura. Kemudian Retreat pada negara Belanda dan Korea Selatan. Hasil Model-X menunjukkan potensi pengembangan pasar ekspor pala Indonesia optimis, potensial, dan kurang potensial. Regresi data panel menunjukkan harga ekspor, nilai tukar riil, dan TBT berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor pala Indonesia., Nutmeg is Indonesia's leading export commodity. Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of nutmeg with HS 090811. Nevertheless, innovation and development are still needed so that it can increase export value. This study analyzes the performance and competitiveness of Indonesia's nutmeg exports to major destination countries using data from 9 countries, namely Vietnam, the United States, the Netherlands, Japan, Germany, Italy, Singapore, India and South Korea during the 2012-2018 period. The analytical methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and panel data regression. The RCA results show that Indonesia's nutmeg exports to all destination countries have strong competitiveness and comparative advantages. EPD analysis shows the United States and India are in the Rising Star, Falling Star positions in Vietnam, Japan, Germany, Italy, and Singapore. Then Retreat to the Netherlands and South Korea. X-Model shows that the potential development of the Indonesian nutmeg export market is optimistic, potential, and less potential. Panel data regression shows that export prices, real exchange rates, and TBT have a significant effect on the export value of Indonesian nutmeg.
Keyword: EPD, main destination country, nutmeg, Panel data, RCA, X-Model

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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