Judul: Substitution of Soybean Meal with Defatted Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larvae Meal in Starter Concentrate on Rumen Fermentation of Lambs
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi sebagian bungkil kedelai dengan defatted Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal terhadap fermentasi rumen (in vivo) domba masa pertumbuhan. Penelitian menggunakan 10 ekor domba lokal (berat badan rata-rata 13,95 ± 3,07 kg) yang dibagi rata menjadi 2 perlakuan pakan, yaitu: P1 = konsentrat starter (22% bungkil kedelai) dan P2 = konsentrat starter (11% bungkil kedelai + 10% defatted BSF larvae meal. Peubah yang diukur adalah pH rumen, konsentrasi VFA total, VFA parsial, NH3, gas metan, populasi protozoa rumen dan bakteri rumen. Data dianalisis menggunakan Independent Sample T-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 10% defatted BSF larvae meal dalam konsentrat starter cenderung meningkatkan (P=0,07) proporsi butirat, namun tidak mempengaruhi (P>0,05) pH rumen, populasi bakteri total dan protozoa, konsentrasi NH3, gas metan dan VFA total. Penggunaan 10% defatted BSF larvae meal untuk mensubstitusi 50% bungkil kedelai di dalam konsentrat starter tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap fermentasi rumen (in vivo) domba masa pertumbuhan., The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of soybean meal with defatted Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal on the rumen fermentation (in vivo) of growing lambs. This experiment used 10 local growing lambs (average body weight of 13.95 ± 3.07 kg) which are equally allocated into 2 dietary treatments, namely: P1 = starter concentrate (22% soybean meal) and P2 = starter concentrate (11% soybean meal + 10% defatted BSF larvae meal). The variables measured were rumen pH, total VFA concentration, partial VFA, NH3, methane, population of rumen protozoa and bacteria. Data were analyzed using an Independent Sample T-test. The result showed that 10% defatted BSF larvae meal in starter concentrate tended to increase (P=0.07) the proportion of butyrate, while it did not affect (P>0.05) rumen pH, population of bacteria total and protozoa, concentration NH3, methane, and total VFA. It can be concluded that 10% defatted BSF larvae meal to substitute 50% of SBM in starter concentrate did not negatively affect rumen fermentation (in vivo) of growing lambs.
Keyword: black soldier fly, rumen fermentability, starter concentrate

Judul: Substitution of Soybean Meal with Defatted Black Soldier Fly  (BSF) Larvae Meal on Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Lambs
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kecernaan nutrien pada domba fase pertumbuhan yang diberi konsentrat starter mengandung 10% bungkil larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) sebagai substitusi bungkil kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 domba lokal fase pertumbuhan dengan rataan bobot badan 25,53 ± 3,23 kg. Domba dibagi menjadi 2 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan, yaitu P1 = konsentrat mengandung 22% bungkil kedelai dan P2 = konsentrat mengandung 11% bungkil kedelai dan 10% bungkil larva BSF + hijauan. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi nutrien dan kecernaan nutrien. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji–T. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan 10% bungkil larva BSF tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi nutrien serta kecernaan nutrien. Disimpulkan bahwa substitusi bungkil kedelai dengan 10% bungkil larva BSF dapat digunakan sebagai bahan konsentrat starter., The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing lamb fed starter concentrate containing 10% Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal for as a substitute for soybean meal. This research used 10 local growing lambs (average body weight of 25.53 ± 3.23 kg). The lambs were divided into two treatments with five replications consisted of P1 = concentrate with 22% of soybean meal and P2 = concentrate with 11% of soybean meal and 10% of BSF larvae meal. The parameters measured were nutrient intake and digestibility. The data were analyzed using independent Sample T–test. The result showed that substitution of 10% soybean meal with BSF larvae meal did not affect (P>0.05) nutrient intake and digestibility. It was concluded that substitution of soybean meal with 10% BSF larvae meal can be used as a starter concentrate for growing lamb.
Keyword: black soldier fly larvae meal, local lamb, nutrients digestibility

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology