Judul: Histopathologial Changes of Chickens Lung (Gallus domesticus) 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Forensik veteriner mempelajari penyebab kematian dan menentukan jarak waktu kematian hewan (post mortem interval/PMI). Penelitin forensik veteriner ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari histopatologi paru-paru ayam broiler 48 jam setelah kematian (post mortem). Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur tujuh hari dieutanasia dengan metode pemutusan sendi atlanto occipitale, selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 25 kelompok yang tiap kelompok terdiri atas 3 ekor ayam. Setiap dua jam kadaver ayam dinekropsi, organ paru-paru dikoleksi untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologi dan diwarnai Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE). Histopatologi jaringan paru-paru dianalisis menggunakan software ImageJ dan datanya diuji dengan metode Pearsons. Hasil pengamatan mikroskopis paru-paru pada jam ke-0 hingga jam ke-48 menunjukkan diameter parabronkus yang bertambah lebar, semakin banyak ruang kosong, epitel lumen parabronkus mengalami deskuamasi dan autolisis, dan lumen parabronkus dipenuhi oleh luruhan sel dan cairan. Korelasi diameter parabronkus terhadap waktu setelah kematian sangat lemah sehingga tidak dapat dijadikan acuan PMI. Perubahan jarak interparabronkus, kepadatan sel parabronkus dan pertumbuhan koloni bakteri terhadap waktu kematian dapat dijadikan acuan PMI. Deskuamasi sel epitel parabronkus dimulai pada jam ke-16 dan bakteri mulai tumbuh pada jam ke-22 setelah kematian., Veterinary forensics studies the causes of animal death and determines the time interval of death (post mortem interval/PMI). This veterinary forensic research aims to study the histopathology of broiler chicken lungs 48 hours after death (post mortem). A total of 75 broiler chickens aged seven days were euthanized by the atlanto occipital joint severing method, then divided into 25 groups, each group consisting of 3 chickens. Every two hours the chicken cadaver was necropsied, the lungs were collected for histopathological preparation and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Histopathology of lung tissue was analyzed using ImageJ software and the results were tested using the Pearsons method. The results of microscopic observations of the lungs at 0 to 48 hours showed that the diameter of the parabronchi was getting wider, there was more space, the epithelium of the parabronchial lumen experienced desquamation and autolysis, and the parabronchial lumen was filled with cell debris and fluid. The correlation of parabronchial diameter with time after death is so weak that it cannot be used as a PMI reference. Changes in interparabronchial distance, parabronchial cell density, and the presence of bacterial clony concerning to time of death can be used as a reference for PMI. Desquamation of parabronchial epithelial cells began at the 16th hour and bacteria began to grow at the 22nd hour.
Keyword: chicken, forensics, histopathology, lungs, post mortem interval

Judul: Histopathological Changes of Broiler Liver (Gallus  domesticus) 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Di Indonesia, forensik veteriner belum mendapat perhatian yang memadai, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan pengembangannya. Penelitian forensik veteriner ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran histopatologi hati ayam broiler sampai 48 jam setelah kematian (post mortem). Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur tujuh hari dieutanasia dengan cara dislokasi cervical, kemudian dibagi menjadi 25 kelompok yang tiap kelompok terdiri atas 3 ekor. Setiap dua jam kadaver ayam dinekropsi, organ hati dikoleksi untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologi dan diwarnai Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE). Histopatologi jaringan hati dianalisis menggunakan software ImageJ dan hasilnya diuji dengan uji Pearsons. Pembusukan dimulai pada jam ke-18 berupa penurunan jumlah inti sel hepatosit, jam ke-22 terjadi peningkatan jarak hepatosit dan jam ke-20 ditemui keberadaan bakteri pembusuk. Jumlah inti sel hepatosit, jarak antar sel, dan keberadaan bakteri pembusuk mempunyai hubungan kuat hingga sangat kuat dengan waktu, sehingga dapat dijadikan penentu waktu kematian (PMI). Warna sitoplasma hepatosit memiliki hubungan yang lemah dengan waktu sehingga tidak dapat digunakan sebagai penentu PMI. Peubah jumlah inti hepatosit, jarak antar hepatosit, dan keberadaan bakteri dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber acuan dalam forensik veteriner., In Indonesia, veterinary forensics has not received adequate attention, so its development needs to be improved. This veterinary forensic study aims to provide histopathological changes of the liver of broiler chickens up to 48 hours after death. A total of 75 broilers aged seven days were euthanized by cervical dislocation, then divided into 25 groups, each group consisting of 3 birds. Every two hours broiler cadaver necropsied, the liver was collected for histopathological preparation and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Histopathological changes in liver tissue were analyzed using ImageJ software, and the results were analyzed using the Pearsons' method. Putrefaction begins at the 18th hour with a decrease in the number of hepatocyte cell nuclei, at the 22nd hour is an increase in distance of hepatocyte, and at the 20th hour is the presence of putrefactive bacteria. The number of hepatocyte cell nuclei, the distance between hepatocytes, and the presence of bacteria have a strong and too strong relationship with time that they can use as determinants of post mortem interval (PMI). The color of the hepatocyte cytoplasm has a weak relationship with time, so it cannot use as a determinant of the post mortem interval. The number of hepatocyte nuclei, the distance between hepatocytes, and the presence of bacteria can use as a reference source in veterinary forensics.
Keyword: autolysis, broiler chickens, histopathology, liver, post mortem

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4