Judul: Migrasi Monomer Stirena dari Polistirena pada Simulan Pangan
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah migrasi total dan migrasi spesifik monomer stirena dalam simulan pangan air, 15% ethanol, 3% asam asetat pada suhu kamar, 40oC, dan 75oC serta heptan pada suhu kamar. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Pusat Pengujian Obat dan Makanan Nasional - Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan Republik Indonesia dari bulan Mei sampai Agustus 2011. Migrasi yang diuji ada dua macam yaitu migrasi total dan migrasi spesifik yang keduanya dilakukan dengan metode perendaman satu sisi. Migrasi total dilakukan pada dua jenis polistirena busa yaitu polistirena busa berbentuk kotak dan mangkok. Simulan pangan yang digunakan, yaitu air, 15% ethanol, 3% asam asetat, dan heptan. Polistirena busa diisi dengan simulan pangan dengan volume tertentu kemudian diinkubasi selama 10 hari pada suhu 40oC. Pada hari ke 10 simulan pangan dievaporasi dan bobot residu yang tertinggal dihitung. Migrasi spesifik polistirena busa diuji dengan simulan pangan air, 15% ethanol, dan 3% asam asetat, dan heptan (100 ml) pada tiga variasi suhu, yaitu suhu dingin (khusus simulan air), suhu kamar, suhu 40oC, dan suhu 70oC. Kemudian pada masing-masing kondisi suhu tersebut diinkubasi selama 2, 6, dan 24 jam. Khusus heptan hanya dilakukan pada suhu kamar selama 2 jam. Jumlah migrasi spesifik monomer stirena dari polistirena dalam simulan pangan yang diujikan, kemudian dihitung dengan menggunakan gas kromatografi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa migrasi total baik yang berbentuk mangkok dan kotak dengan migrasi yang paling tinggi diperoleh dari simulan pangan 3% asam asetat dengan nilai masing-masing 0,925223 mg/ dm2 dan 0,941971 mg/dm2. Pada simulan pangan 15% ethanol diperoleh nilai migrasi total sebesar 0,827831 mg/dm2 dan 0,888652 mg/dm2. Polistirena bermigrasi sangat sedikit pada simulan pangan air, yaitu 0,462611 mg/dm2 (mangkok) dan 0,479872 mg/dm2 (kotak). Heptan digunakan sebagai simulan pangan alternatif untuk menggantikan pangan berlemak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa, perendaman styroam dengan heptan dalam beberapa saat saja (kurang dari 6 jam) telah mengakibatkan bahan kemasan ini rusak atau bahkan terlarut dalam pelarut heptan. Oleh karena itu, perlakukan simulan pangan heptan hanya bisa dilakukan dengan waktu inkubasi kurang dari 6 jam. Hasil migrasi spesifik dengan menggunakan GC FID, sampel yang menunjukkan hasil positif terlihat bahwa stirena dapat dideteksi pada 3% asam asetat yang diinkubasi pada suhu 75oC selama 24 jam. Pada simulan pangan lain, stirena tidak dapat terdeteksi dengan GC FID sehingga digunakan metode analisis dengan GS MS karena GC MS mempunyai sensitifitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan GC FID. Metode analisis menggunakan GC MS digunakan untuk mengukur monomer stirena dari polistirena dengan simulan pangan pada berbagai waktu dan suhu.
Keyword: styrene, polystyrene, migration

Judul: Analitycal method validation of the total residual styrene monomer in foam polystyrene packaging with food simulant
Abstrak: In the last decade, plastic food packaging safety is a part of food safety issues. One type of plastic food packaging -related safety spotlight is polystyrene packaging. Some research results showed that the styrene monomer which is the basic ingredient of polystyrene can migrate into food and cause disruption to human health such as cancer groups 2B according to International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), impaired estrogenic effects, genotoxic, cytotoxic and etc. Besides the health effect, the exposure to use the polystyrene packaging widespread in society, it is because of the excess of polystyrene which can maintain food hot or cold condition, maintain the freshness and integrity of packaged food, and light. Based on health effect and exposure widespread in society, the polystyrene packaging become one of the priorities of government supervision of food packaging in that case done by the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC). NADFC supervision is done through sampling and laboratory testing. In terms of supporting laboratory testing, it is necessary to increase the ability of food packaging testing in the laboratory, one of them is a set of analysis methods of food packaging testing in accordance with applicable regulatory requirements. This research aim was to conduct the analytical method validation of the determination of total residual styrene monomer in polystyrene packaging by gas chromatography - flame ionization detector (GC-FID) with heptane as a food simulant in accordance to the Decree of The Head of National Agency of Drug and Food Control Republic of Indonesia No. HK.03.1.23.07.11.6664 2011 on Food Packaging Control. The method used is divided into three (3) stages: (1) preparation stage, (2) the orientation procedure testing stage and (3) the method validation stage. The preparation stage includes the preparation of materials and checking instrument performance GC-FID. Preparation of materials is done by making the styrene standard stock solution and the internal standard stock solution of each 1000 μg/mL. While checking the performance of the GC-FID instrument used as an initial orientation to detect styrene with certain conditions and parameters that determine the linearity of the standard curve working with 5 (five) different concentrations and precision instruments and GC -FID determination of the Limit Of Detection/ LOD and Limit of Quantitation/ LOQ instrument GC-FID. Orientation procedure testing stage consists of sample preparation polystyrene packaging accordance to the Decree of The Head of National Agency of Drug and Food Control Republic of Indonesia No. HK.03.1.23.07.11.6664 2011 on Food Packaging Control and then testing the total residual styrene monomer and styrene concentration analysis in a sample of test solution by GC-FID. Method validation phase is the most crucial step in this research is to validate methods analisys of testing procedures with parameters selectivity, linearity, precision and accuracy. The results of preparation phase that used stiren standard showed that the linearity and precision met the requirements of linearity with R2 = 0.999 (requirement R2 > 0.990 ) and precision with RSD value of retention time and the area of styrene was 0.01 % and 0.61 %, whereas the internal standard 0.01 % and 0.45 %, respectively
Keyword: analytical methods validation, food packaging safety, food packaging supervision, polystyrene food packaging, testing

Judul: Desain Taman Sekolah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Gema Imani Bogor
Abstrak: Early childhood education is the lowest level education for children of 0-6 years. In this phase, education influence child development. Therefore, educational facilities must support child development. Outdoor facilities are facilities that can made children to learn about nature. Outdoor facilities include a garden designed according to national and international standards to fulfill early childhood education curriculum. Garden design is divided into two main area, front garden and rear garden. Rear garden focused on children's games that use equipment such as swings, slides, balance beam, arch climbers, rope climbing, etc. The lawn in front garden accommodate free activity such as running, walking, jumping, etc
Keyword: Children growth, Curicculum, Design early-childhood school yard