Judul: Respons benih ikan sidat terhadap hormon pertumbuhan rekombinan ikan kerapu kertang melalui perendaman dan oral
Abstrak: This study was aimed to determine an appropriate administration method and observe the response of eel fingerling on recombinant giant grouper growth hormone (rElGH). First study aimed to determine the immersion dose of rElGH to increase growth of eel juvenile (glass eel). After shock salinity treatment (NaCl 3% for 2 min), glass eel were immersed in water containing 0.9% NaCl, 0.01% bovine serum albumin, and different of dose of rElGH (0, 0.12, 1.2, 12 and 120 mg/L). The results showed that higher in growth body weight was obtained in treatment 12 mg/L (101.2±0.8), by increment of about 37.4% higher compared to that of control (72.93±1.8). Second study was aimed to determine the dose of rElGH mixed in artificial diet to increase growth of eel elver. HP55-coated rElGH was mixed to diet at different doses (0, 0.3, 3, and 30 mg/kg). Elver was fed on diet containing rElGH twice daily, 6% fish biomass. The result showed that higher in growth body weight was obtained in treatment 30 mg/kg (60.18±1.38), by increment of about 65.7% compared to control (36.32±0.97). Third study was aimed to compared of three administration method, namely immersion, oral, and combination of immersion and oral. The dosage of rElGH by immersion (12 mg/L) and oral administration (30 mg/kg feed) was obtained in previous study. Fish were maintained in 23-L glass aquaria for 120 days, at density of 45 fish per aquarium. The results showed that higher (P<0.05) biomass of harvest (73.68±2.07 g) was obtained in immersion and oral combination treatment, by increment of about 102.9% compared to control (36.32±0.97 g). Administration of rElGH also improved protein and lipid retentions by 142.5%, and 720% compared to that of control, respectively (P<0.05). In addition, rElGH treatment increased appetite, while artificial feed conversion ratio (4.75) was lower (P<0.05) by 55.15% compared to that of control (7.37). Combination of rElGH immersion and oral administrations also increased hepatosomatic index, reduced ammonia excretion and increased insuline-like growth factor-1/IGF-1 gene expression. Thus, rElGH administration via immersion and oral was a proper method to improve performance of eel fingerling, and application of rElGH can be useful to increase aquaculture production.
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Judul: Efektivitas Pemberian Hormon Pertumbuhan Rekombinan Melalui Pakan dengan Bahan Penyalut Berbeda dan Pelleting pada Ikan
Abstrak: Application of recombinant growth hormone (rGH) to improve the growth of fish can be performed by injection, immersion and oral delivery method through feed. However, injection and immersion methods are relatively difficult to be applied to mass scale. Injection delivery method is time consuming and labor intensive. Furthermore, immersion method is only effective on the larval stage or small fish size, at a certain immersion dose and frequency. In addition, applications mass-scale immersion method with frequency of more than 1 time, high-potential causing fish stress. Oral delivery method is practical and time efficient. However, by this method rGH need to be coated to avoid degradation by digestive enzymes, and damage due to the low pH in the stomach. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HP55) is a material often used for coating the rGH, but it is relatively expensive and inefficient when applied in large amounts. Another cellulose such as polymethyl carbamide (PMC) can also be used as a coating agent. PMC is a relatively cheap price, and has been reported to protect the coated material in a relatively long time; storage at a temperature of 20oC for about 1 year, 25 to 30oC about 6 months, and 35 to 38 °C about 3 months. Chicken egg yolk has also been widely used as a binder of medicines and feed supplements in fish. Its price is relatively cheap and easy to obtain. This study was performed to examine the effectiveness supplementation of recombinant giant grouper GH (rElGH) in tilapia feed using a variety of coating materials and pelleting on production, feed conversion, blood glucose, glycogen levels and proximate content of fish. Production of rElGH was performed using Escherichia coli BL21 containing pCold-ElGH protein expression vector. Bacteria were cultured in 2xYT media at incubation temperature of 15°C for 24 hours and protein synthesis was induced with isopropyl-bD-thiogalac-topyranoside in a dose of 0.5 mM. Lysis of bacterial cell walls was conducted using lysozyme, then total protein in inclusion body of rElGH were collected by centrifugation. SDS-PAGE analysis was used to ensure the presence of rElGH in the total bacterial protein. This study consisted of 5 treatments including the control, and each treatment was given 3 replications. The size fish used fish was 5 to 6 cm in body length. Fish were maintained at hapa installed in a concrete pond (measuring 3x2x1 m) with a stocking density of 125 fish in each hapa. Fish maintenance was carried out for 2 months. During the first 2 weeks fish were fed diet without rElGH (feed adaptation) with a frequency of 3 times a day, and then fed on rGH-supplemented diet in 3 times at intervals of 3 days. The results showed that chicken egg yolk coated rGH treatment generated significantly biomass (P<0.05) compared to the control (1262.2 ± 96.4 g). Fish biomass among treatments was similar (P>0.05). Increase in biomass in chicken egg yolk coating was 46.85%, 32.50% by HP55, 27.99% by PMC, and 26.64% by pelleting method compared with the control. In addition, specific growth rate (SGR) of fish treated by HP55, chicken egg yolk, and PMC coated rGH
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf