Judul: In Silico Screening of Active Compounds from Fabaceae Family as Antidepressant with Exponential Consensus Ranking
Abstrak: Depresi sudah umum dalam istilah psikologis, namun masih sulit dimengerti dalam istilah molekuler. Secara molekuler, depresi disebabkan dengan meningkatnya aktivitas enzim monoamina oksidase A (MAO-A). Penemuan obat antidepresan baru dapat dicari dengan memanfaatkan tanaman obat yang tersedia secara konvensional. Tanaman keluarga Fabaceae, yaitu secang (Caesalpinia sappan), asam jawa (Tamarindus indica), putri malu (Mimosa pudica), dan kacang gude (Cajanus cajan) telah ditapis menggunakan metode in silico dengan pemeringkatan konsensus eksponensial (ECR). Pemeringkatan menggunakan ECR telah meningkatkan rasionalitas pemeringkatan dengan menggunakan lima piranti lunak dibanding penapisan maya dengan satu piranti lunak. Meskipun tidak semua piranti lunak memiliki performa yang baik untuk semua struktur dan ligan, ECR telah berhasil menyeleksi sembilan senyawa berpotensi aktif dengan nilai IC50 eksperimental yang juga diduga aktif sebagai inhibitor MAO-A. Penyebaran sembilan senyawa paling banyak terdapat pada tanaman asam jawa dan kacang gude. Tanaman tersebut diduga berpotensi sebagai antidepresan didukung dengan data rendemen penelitian sebelumnya., Depression is already common in psychological terms, but it’s kind of poorly understood in molecular terms. On a molecular level, depression is caused by increased activity of the enzyme monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A). Medicinal plants can be utilized as a conventional alternative for developing new antidepressant drugs. Plants that are from Fabaceae family such as secang (Caesalpinia sappan), asam jawa (Tamarindus indica), putri malu (Mimosa pudica), and kacang gude (Cajanus cajan) have been screened using in silico method with exponential consensus ranking. Exponential consensus ranking (ECR) has improved the rationality of the ranking by using five docking software compared to virtual screening using one docking software. Although not all docking software outperform all structures and ligands, ECR has successfully selected nine potentially active compounds with experimental IC50 values that are also suspected to be active as MAO-A inhibitor. The most abundant distribution of these nine compounds are found in asam jawa and kacang gude plants. These plants are suspected to have potential as antidepressants, supported by previous yield data.
Keyword: antidepresan, depresi, ECR, Fabaceae, MAO-A, antidepressant, depression

Judul: Total Flavonoids and Inhibition of Secang and Kacang Gude Water Extract against the Activity Monoamine Oxidase A as an Antidepressant
Abstrak: Depresi adalah gangguan yang dapat memengaruhi perubahan mental yang disebabkan oleh peningkatan aktivitas enzim monoamina oksidase A (MAO-A). Pengujian terhadap aktivitas antidepresan dapat dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode inhibisi terhadap enzim monoamina oksidase A (MAO-A) menggunakan ekstrak secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) dan kacang gude (Cajanus cajan L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan total flavonoid serta aktivitas antidepresan ekstrak air secang dan kacang gude melalui inhibisi enzim MAO-A. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak air daun secang sebesar 23,72%. Hasil total flavonoid tertinggi dihasilkan oleh ekstrak air daun secang sebesar 10,69 mg KE/g ekstrak dan daun kacang gude sebesar 5,74 mg KE/g ekstrak. Pengujian daya inhibisi terhadap MAO-A dibandingkan dengan clorgyline sebagai inhibitor control (IC). Daya inhibisi terhadap MAO-A tertinggi dihasilkan oleh ekstrak air daun secang sebesar 87,08% dan biji kacang gude sebesar 76,06%. Nilai persentase inhibisi tersebut lebih besar dibandingkan clorgyline sebesar 67,59%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air daun secang dan biji kacang gude memiliki aktivitas sebagai agen antidepresan secara in vitro., Depression is a disorder that can affect mental changes caused by increased activity of the monoamine oxidase-A enzyme (MAO-A). Testing of antidepressant activity can be done in vitro by inhibition method against monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) enzyme using secang extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and kacang gude (Cajanus cajan L.). This study aimed to determine the total flavonoids and antidepressant activity of secang and kacang gude water extract through MAO-A enzyme inhibition. The highest yield was obtained in secang leaves water extract of 23,72%. The highest total flavonoid yield was shown by secang leaves water extract of 10,69 mg QE/g extract and kacang gude leaves of 5,74 mg QE/g extract. Inhibitory power testing of MAO-A compared to clorgyline as a control inhibitor (IC). The highest inhibitory power against MAO-A was produced by secang leaves water extract of 87,08% and kacang gude seeds of 76,06%. The percentage value of inhibition is more significant than clorgyline of 67,59%. It shows that the water extract from secang leaves and kacang gude seeds has activity as an antidepressant agent in vitro.
Keyword: antidepresan, flavonoid, kacang gude, MAO-A, secang

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: