Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologis Susu Segar sebagai Bahan Baku Keju
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to observe microbiological quality of fresh milk as the raw material of cheese. There were 35 milk samples taken from six farms. The total count of microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and coliforms were examined with plate count method (pour plate method). The result showed that the milk samples from the third farm had the highest number of total plate count (6 973 333.3 + 4 712 126.2 cfu/ml), the fifth farm showed the highest number of Staphylococcus aureus (1 950.0 + 636.4 cfu/ml), and of coliform (321 139.2 + 4 177 723.8 cfu/ml). Compared to the maximum number of microbial contamination according to the Indonesia National Standard (SNI 01-3141-2011), all the samples (100%) from the six farms were higher than the standard. The high number of Staphylococcus aureus and coliform contamination in milk due to the inadequate personal hygiene practices and the poor cleanliness level of water, cages, and equipment. This condition should be considered as a risk of food contamination that can cause disease for the consumers.
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Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologis Susu Sebelum dan Sesudah Pasteurisasi
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to observe the total number of bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and coliform in pasteurized and unpasteurized milk, which used as the raw material of cheese in the milk processing industry. Samples were taken every week for five consecutive weeks. Examination were done with plate count method (pour plate method) and MPN method for coliform. The highest average number of total bacterial and Staphylococcus aureus were found in separation milk (16 688 000 cfu/ml and 42 943 cfu/ml) and the highest average number of coliform was found in mix fat milk (2 481 800 cfu/ml). The total amount of bacteria in pasteurized milk was 19 579 cfu/ml, whereas Staphylococcus aureus was 37 cfu/ml and coliform was 68 MPN/ml. Compared to Indonesia National Standard of the maximum limit of microbial contamination (SNI 01-6366-2000), only the total amount of bacteria in pasteurized milk that meet the regulation. The percentage decrease of total bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus and coliform after pasteurization were 99.82%, 99.73% and 99.99%. Results obtained that pasteurization is the effective method in reducing the number of bacteria.
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Judul: Karakterisasi Parameter Sistem Pendulum Terbalik Dual pada Masalah Tracking Error Optimal
Abstrak: In this thesis we study the optimal tracking error problem applied to dual invertedndulum system. We stabilize the pendulwn system by controlling itsosition well as minimizing the tracking error, the difference between Osition and actual position. The focus of this study is on fonnulating the analytical expression of the optimal tracking error. We show that the analytical can be completely characterized in terms of pendulwn parameters, such as nihgths, masses, and the mass of the motor. Furthermore, we rewrite the expressici solely in terms of pendulum length by setting other parameters constant.~inally, we provide . some illustrative examples showing the relation between ndulumlengths and the minimum achievable tracking error.
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