Judul: Model Sistem Tertutup untuk Pengembangan Industri Penggilingan Padi Mandiri Energi.
Abstrak: Rice mills consumed a lot of energy. The fossil fuel has been the main source of energy which availability is declining, and in addition the use of it caused negative impact on the environment. A more sustainable energy resource, such as biomass should be considered to replace fossil energy. This research was aimed to develop a model of a self-sufficiency rice mill by converting by-products into energy. The model is based on principle of mass balance by assuming linear equation in each compartment. The simplest model assumed the rice mill as a single compartment, the level II model assumed main process as compartment, and the complex model used a more detailed step of processes as compartment. The complex model was chosen to be the most suitable model to represent actual process of rice mill. According to this model, head rice yield, rice husk ratio, and bran ratio obtained is 0.572; 0.231, and 0.074 of dried paddy respectively. Energy potential of by-product conversion is 18,827 MJ/day from processing 20 tons paddy. This energy potential exceeded the need with surplus of 28.25%. This research revealed that rice mills can be energy self-sufficient. Therefore, it is possible to limit fossil fuel energy used in rice mill.
Keyword: rice mill, closed production system, self-sufficient energy industry

Judul: Pengembangan Model Proses Produksi Tertutup pada Industri Tapioka
Abstrak: Industri tapioka menggunakan input energi untuk memproduksi tapioka yang ketersediaannya semakin menurun sehingga dapat mengancam proses produksi tapioka. Dalam proses produksi tapioka selain menghasilkan produk juga menghasilkan hasil samping berupa kulit dan limbah cair yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber energi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model sistem tertutup proses produksi tapioka yang mandiri energi. Pengembangan model sistem tertutup ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis kesetimbangan massa, menghitung potensi energi dari hasil samping, dan membangun sistem tertutup proses produksi tapioka. Studi ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan input utama adalah ubi kayu. Hasil studi ini menunjukan rendemen optimal tapioka sebesar 32%. Industri tapioka dengan kapasitas 1000 ton per hari memiliki potensi energi sebesar 1,407,714,408 Kkal yang berasal dari onggok dan kulit ubi kayu. Potensi energi ini dapat memenuhi kebutuhan energi sebesar 99,261 kWh per hari pada proses produksi. Studi ini menjelaskan bahwa industri tapioka dapat menjadi industri yang mandiri energi dengan memanfaatkan secara optimal hasil samping.
Keyword: mandiri energi, industri tapioka, sistem tertutup

Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
Keyword: