Judul: Analisis Risiko Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan (AROPT) untuk Leptocybe invasa (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)
Abstrak: Any measures against the introduction and spread of new pests must be justified by a science-based pest risk analysis (WTO 2011). PRAs are an essential component of plant health policy, allowing trade to flow as freely as possible, while minimizing to a reasonable and justifiable extent the risk of introduciton of plant pests. Leptocybe invasa is currently becoming threat to eucalyptus plantation in the world. The insect forms bump-shaped galls on the leaf midribs, petioles and stems of new growth of several Eucalyptus species (Mendel et al. 2004). L. invasa can cause death in seedlings and young plants and cause significant economic losses in many countries. First objective of this research was to identify and evaluate risk of introduction, established and spread of L. invasa into and within Indonesia, the second was to identify the pest risk management. The PRA preparation based on semi-quantitative method. There were three stages of PRA process, initiation, risk assessment and risk management. The risk assessment results indicated that L. invasa categorized into a high risk potential to entry to Indonesian territory through eucalyptus plants and seedlings. On the other hand, eucalyptus seeds, plant tissue culture and woods have a moderate risk potential to entry to Indonesian territory. L. invasa was also have a high risk potential to established, spread and cause economic consequences in Indonesia. The overall risk assessment indicated that L. invasa have a high risk potential to entry, established, spread and cause economic consequences into Indonesia territory through seeds, plant tissue culture, seedlings, woods and eucalyptus plants importation. At the end of risk management process, general and technical requirements were determined due to the importation of Eucalyptus spp.
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Judul: Tingkat Serangan, Kerusakan dan Potensi Biokontrol oleh Puru Daun Eucalyptus, Leptocybe invasa (Fisher & La Salle) dan Ophelimus maskelli (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), di Tanzania
Abstrak: In Tanzania, eucalypts are a significant fast-growing hardwood tree used to produce wood, paper, timbers, poles, bioenergy, and numerous other minor goods and services. Tanzania introduced eucalypts in the 1890s intending to supplement wood supplies from natural forests. Eucalyptus spp. is the world's most widely planted hardwood timber species, native to Australia, Indonesia, the Philippines, Timor, and New Guinea. Distribution is attributable to the ability exceptionally adapt to diverse ecological conditions and the substantially arraying products and services they offer. Leptocybe invasa and Ophelimus maskelli, two common Australian wasps (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae), have caused significant damage to eucalypt plantations in Tanzania since 2005 by inducing galls on petioles, young stems, and leaves that inhibit vascular bundle conductivity and photosynthesis. Although biological control is seen as the greatest option for conventional control measures from an ecological and financial standpoint so far, no eucalyptus gall wasp parasitoids have been documented or reported. Similarly, the number of parasitoid species and their parasitic capacity is unknown. Due to limited knowledge and literature. Therefore this study was set out to examine the current infestation, damage severity, and to identify potential natural enemies for controlling this pest in Tanzania. The research was conducted from October 2021 to August 2022 in three government-owned plantation forests, namely the Korogwe, Morogoro and North Ruvu forests that were planted with several Eucalypt spp. Samplings were done using systematic approach and field assessments involved examination of infested crown parts, highly infested species, and invasive capacity of gall inducers by counting and measuring gall length and diameter. Few selected trees were used to assess damage severity. Galls from infested eucalypt germplasms were collected and reared in the laboratory until the wasp emerges. The emerged wasps were primarily sorted and identified using morphological characters (Keys) under a stereomicroscope at the Sokoine University of Agriculture, Tanzania, and the Insect Biosystematics Laboratory at IPB University, Indonesia. Data were analyzed using Ms Excel, Minitab 19, and R statistical software. The analysis included computations of percentages of infestation and parasitoid parasitization, averages of galls per tree, and the relationship between stand altitudes and the infestation magnitude, damage index, and gall inducers. The results were summarized in tables and graphs and included in this final thesis. The results indicated that clonal hybrids were highly infested than E. tereticornis this may be due to poor adaptation less tolerance and resistance traits of clones compared to E.tereticornis raised from seeds. The middle and lower tree crown parts were highly infested compared to upper canopy. L. invasa had a higher invasive capacity in all locations and both host plants than O. maskelli. Damage severity generally ranked as severe in all eucalyptus germplasms assessed. Two species of parasitoids of eucalyptus gall-inducers were identified as Megastigmus sp. and Quadrastichus mendeli. Parasitization rates (collectively) in Korogwe, North Ruvu, and Morogoro forest plantations were 29.7%, 64%, and 33.3%, respectively. A higher parasitization rate was recorded from L. invasa galls on E. grandis x E. camaldulensis clones. Ecological factors such as temperature, wind, and rainfall influenced gall wasp infestations. Control efforts should focus on biological control agent candidates including
Keyword: Biocontrol, Eucalypts gall wasps, Forest damage, and Forest pests

Judul: Sintesis Superkonduktor YBCO dengan Metode Evaporasi dan Karakterisasinya
Abstrak: Telah berhasil dibuat pelet superkonduktor YBCO-123 dengan metode evaporasi dengan menghasilkan Tc = 100 K. Sintesis dilakukan dengan mencampur garam-garam nitrat Y(NO3)2, Ba(NO3), Cu(NO3)2 di dalam pelarut H2O pada suhu 150 oC. Setelah melalui proses pirolisis pada 350 oC selama 1 jam, prekursor dikalsinasi pada 900 oC selama 4 jam kemudian serbuk dikompaksi dengan tekanan hidrolik 5 ton untuk membentuk pelet dengan diameter 1,5 cm dan tebal 0,24 mm. Sintering dilakukan pada suhu 940 oC selama 20 jam. Efek meissner menunjukkan fenomena levitasi pada temperatur sekitar 80 K. Hal ini menunjukkan fasa superkonduktor telah terbentuk. Data XRD memberi mengkonfirmasi bahwa fasa kristal 123 telah terbentuk. Nilai konduktivitas didapat dari hasil pengukuran dengan LCR pada temperatur 300 K sebesar 4 x 10-5 S/cm. Pada penurunan temperatur dari 100 K ke 80 K terjadi kenaikan nilai konduktansi yang tajam dari 4.2 x 10-4 S/cm ke nilai 1.309 x 10-1 S/cm.
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