Judul: Vegetable Pesticide Coating Technique Made from Citronella Oil on Vanilla Seedlings (Vanilla planifolia).
Abstrak: Jamur Fusarium oxysporum pada tanaman vanili menyebabkan penyakit busuk batang vanili. Patogen ini menyebar pada jaringan yang terluka dan merusak mekanisme penyaluran air dan zat hara ke seluruh vanili sehingga menurunkan produktivitas. Penerapan pestisida nabati dalam bentuk coating menggunakan bahan minyak serai wangi dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan jamur F.oxysporum. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan untuk menguji teknik yang tepat dalam mengaplikasikan larutan coating serai wangi pada bibit vanili. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkatserangan jamur terhadap teknik pengaplikasian dan konsentrasi larutan pestisida pada batang bibit vanili secara in vivo, dan menentukan teknik coating yang tepat diterapkan pada batang bibit vanili yang terluka. Penelitian dimulai dengan membuat larutan coating dengan komposisi parafin 10% dan minyak serai wangi 12%, kemudian diterapkan pada bibit vanili dengan teknik pengaplikasian oles dan semprot. Serta konsentrasi larutan coating murni (100%) dan campuran (50%). Pemilihan teknik pengaplikasian dan konsentrasi larutan coating berdasarkan tingkat serangan jamur. Formulasi pengaplikasian larutan coating yang dihasilkan adalah Brush-Murni (BM), Brush-Campuran (BC), Sprayer-Murni (SM), dan Sprayer-Campuran (SC). BC memiliki tingkat pertumbuhan jamur terkecil di polybag dan di botol sebesar 12,49 mm dan 0,28 mm. Pertumbuhan jamur terkecil di lahan 0,58 mm dengan penerapan BM., Fusarium oxysporum fungus on stem cuttings of vanilla plants causes vanilla stem rot disease. This pathogen spreads in injured tissues and damages the mechanism of delivering water and nutrients throughout vanilla, thereby reducing productivity. The application of vegetable pesticides in the form of coatings using citronella oil ingredients can inhibit the growth rate of F.oxysporum fungi. This study generally aims to test the right technique in applying citronella coating solution to vanilla seedlings. In particular, this study aims to analyze the level of fungal infestation against the application technique and concentration of pesticide solutions on the stems of vanilla seedlings in vivo, and determine the appropriate coating technique applied to the stems of injured vanilla seedlings. The research began by making a coating solution with a composition of 10% paraffin and 12% citronella oil, then applied to vanilla seedlings with a smear and spray application technique. As well as the concentration of pure (100%) and mixed (50%) coating solutions. Selection of application technique and concentration of coating solution based on the degree of fungal attack. The resulting coating solution application formulations are Brush-Pure (BM), Brush-Blend (BC), Sprayer-Pure (SM), and Sprayer-Mixture (SC). BC has the smallest mushroom growth rate in polybags and bottles of 12.49 mm and 0.28 mm. The smallest fungal growth in the field is 0.58 mm with the application of BM.
Keyword: coating technique, Fusarium oxysporum, vanilla

Judul: Characterization of Natural Pesticide Coating  Vanilla Stem Cutting Base on Citronella Oil and Paraffin Wax
Abstrak: Fusarium oxysporum merupakan jamur patogen yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit busuk batang pada tanaman vanili. Jamur patogen ini dapat menginfeksi tanaman vanili melalui luka atau jaringan terbuka pada bagian perakaran dan batang akibat kerusakan mekanis. Penelitian ini secara umum bertujuan menganalisis sifat fisik larutan coating skala in vitro dari bahan dasar minyak serai wangi dan parafin. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketebalan film, laju transmisi uap air, kelarutan film, dan kadar air film, menganalisis efektivitas bahan coating terhadap daya hambat jamur, dan memilih konsentrasi bahan utama penyusun coating yang terbaik. Penelitian ini dimulai dengan membuat larutan emulsi parafin dan dilanjutkan membuat formulasi larutan coating dengan mencampurkan bahan utama, yaitu konsentrasi minyak serai wangi (5%, 8%, 12%) dengan konsentrasi emulsi parafin (8%, 10%). Memilih konsentrasi terbaik berdasarkan ketebalan film, laju transmisi uap air, kelarutan film, dan kadar air film serta nilai pH dan pertumbuhan koloni jamur. Formulasi larutan coating yang dihasilkan yaitu S5P8, S5P10, S8P8, S8P10, S12P8, dan S12P10. S12P10 menghasilkan sifat fisik terbaik dengan ketebalan film 0,137 mm, laju tansmisi uap air 5,371 g/m².24jam, kelarutan film 8841%, dan kadar air film 26,21% serta konsentrasi minyak serai wangi 12% menghasilkan nilai pH 6,4 mampu menghambat pertumbuhan inokulum F. oxysporum pada media PDA., Fusarium oxysporum is a pathogenic fungus that can cause stem rot disease in many important crops, including vanilla. This pathogenic fungus can infect vanilla plants through wounds or open tissue on the roots and stems due to mechanical damage. Generally this study aims to analyze the physical properties of the coating solution of in vitro based on citronella oil and parrafin as the basic ingredients. Particullary this study aims to analyze the thickness of the film, the rate of water vapor transmission, the solubility of the film, the moisture content of the film, analyze the effectiveness of the coating material on the inhibition of fungi, and selected the best concentration of the main ingredients that make up the coating. This research was started by making a paraffin emulsion solution and continued to make a coating solution formulation by mixing the main ingredients, namely the concentration of citronella oil (5%, 8%, 12%) with a paraffin emulsion concentration (8%, 10%). Selecting the best concentration based on film thickness, water vapor transmission rate, film solubility, and film moisture content as well as pH value and fungal colony growth. The resulting coating solution formulations are S5P8, S5P10, S8P8, S8P10, S12P8, and S12P10. S12P10 produced the best physical properties with a film thickness of 0,137 mm, a water vapor transmission rate of 5,371 g/m².24 hours, a film solubility of 88,41%, a film moisture content of 26,21% and a concentration of 12% citronella oil produce a pH value of 6,4 able to inhibit the growth of inoculum F. oxysporum on PDA media.
Keyword: coating, film, Fusarium oxysporum, vanilla

Judul: Karakteristik Tripel Pithagoras Dari Sudut Pandang Hiperbolik
Abstrak: Misalkan (a, b, c) merupakan tripel pithagoras (TP), jika dipilih x = cia dan y = bla maka diperoleh titik (x, y) pada cabang kanan hiperbola satuan x2+y2 = 1. Dengan demikian sembarang TP dipandang berperan dalam menentukan titik-titik rasional dari Hiperbola satuan yang disebut sudut pandang hiperbolik.
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