Judul: Analisis finansial usaha warung tenda ayam goreng kalasan Pak Jhon Bintaro-Kodam, Jakarta Selatan
Abstrak: The aims of this research are to know business management also to analyze Earning After Tax (EAT) and financial condition of "warung tenda Pak Jhon" Kalasan fried chicken Bintaro-Kodam, South Jakarta. This research was conducted on April 2006 and used primary and secondary data. Data analysis include descriptive analysis, income analysis, Break Even Point (BEP) analysis and financial ratio analysis. Based on income analysis result, "warung tenda Pak Jhon" was get Rp 308.445,44 for losing after tax on April 2006. Although the income statement shows that "warung tenda" business was have a loss but the owner have earned Rp 1.000.000,00 per month. So that, "warung tenda" business was still giving profit for the owner. Break Even Point (BEP) of "warung tenda" in rupiah was Rp 21.074.441,Ol. The income of "warung tenda" sales was Rp 20.018.500,OO and still under BEP, it shows "warung tenda" business was have a loss. On the other hand;all of menu which produce was still under sales value on BEP, in rupiahs also units. Based on liquidity ratio and solvability shows that "warung tenda" business was very liquid and solvable, and rentability ratio of "warung tenda" on April 2006 was goodless.
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Judul: Analisis pendapatan dan strategi pemasaran usaha warung tenda pecel lele di sepanjang jalan Pajajaran Bogor
Abstrak: Sektor informal yang terbukti mampu membantu mengurangi terjadinya pengangguran adalah usaha kecil. Salah satu bentuk usaha kecil yang banyak berdiri adalah warung tenda pecel lele. Usaha ini banyak didirikan di sepanjang jalan-jalan utama di berbagai kota besar di Indonesia tidak terkecuali Kota Bogor yang dekat dengan Kota Jakarta. Usaha warung tenda pecel lele adalah salah satu warung tenda yang banyak berdiri di Jalan Pajajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi profil dan karakteristik pedagang warung tenda pecel lele, menganalisis pendapatan usaha warung tenda pecel lele dan memformulasi strategi pemasaran yang dapat diterapkan pada usaha warung tenda pecel lele. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu tahap identifikasi lingkungan internal dan eksternal usaha. Identifikasi lingkungan internal dilakukan pada analisis fungsi pemasaran, produksi, sumber daya manusia dan keuangan. Sedangkan lingkungan eksternal yang dianalisis adalah lingkungan makro dan mikro. Tahap selanjutnya adalah tahap pencocokan dengan menggunakan matriks IE dan matriks SWOT.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm