Judul: Hygiene and Sanitation Conditions for Dairy Equipment in Pondok Ranggon Dairy Farms, East Jakarta
Abstrak: Kebersihan peralatan yang digunakan pada proses pemerahan memiliki pengaruh terhadap kualitas susu yang dihasilkan dari peternakan sapi perah. Jumlah total mikroorganisme (Total Plate Count/TPC) dan jumlah Enterobacteriaceae pada peralatan perah dapat digunakan sebagai indikator praktik higiene dan sanitasi oleh peternak atau pekerja. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui praktik higiene dan sanitasi peternak atau pekerja di kawasan peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur dengan cara mengukur jumlah total mikroorganisme dan Enterobacteriaceae dari sampel swab peralatan perah. Tiga peternakan dipilih secara acak dari 4 blok di kawasan tersebut sehingga total diperoleh 12 peternakan yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini. Sampel swab dari peralatan perah antara lain milkcan, saringan, dan ember perah kemudian diambil dari setiap peternakan terpilih. Data praktik higiene dan sanitasi terhadap peralatan dikumpulkan melalui wawancara secara langsung menggunakan kuesioner mengenai karakteristik responden dan sanitasi peralatan perah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai TPC berbagai peralatan perah 100% melebihi standar batas cemaran (100 cfu/mL), dengan rata-rata pada milkcan yaitu 7,4 x 104 ± 8,8 x 104 cfu/mL, ember 5,3 x 104 ± 1 x 105 cfu/mL, dan saringan 5,5 x 104 ± 1,3 x 105 cfu/mL. Jumlah Enterobacteriaceae yang melebihi standar batas cemaran pada milkcan sebanyak 66,7% dengan rata-rata 4,8 x 103 ± 1,3 x 104 cfu/mL, pada ember dan saringan masing-masing 50%.dengan rata-rata 2,6 x 103 ± 6,9 x 103 cfu/mL dan 6,5 x 102 ± 9 x 102 cfu/mL. Berdasarkan hasil kuesioner praktik sanitasi umum dan khusus peternak dapat memengaruhi tingginya nilai TPC dan Enterobacteriaceae. Peternak atau pekerja mayoritas belum menerapkan praktik higiene dan sanitasi yang baik terhadap peralatan perah. Sebagian besar peralatan perah memiliki tingkat cemaran mikroorganisme (TPC) dan Enterobacteriaceae yang lebih tinggi dari standar batas aman yang ditetapkan., The cleanliness of the equipment used in the milking process has an influence on the quality of milk produced from dairy farms. The total number of microorganisms (Total Plate Count/ TPC) and the number of Enterobacteriaceae on dairy equipment can be used as indicators of hygiene and sanitation practices by farmers or workers. This study aims to determine the hygiene and sanitation practices of farmers or workers in the Pondok Ranggon dairy farming area, East Jakarta by measuring the total number of microorganisms and Enterobacteriaceae from swab samples of dairy equipment. Three farms were randomly selected from 4 blocks in the area so that a total of 12 farms were sampled in this study. Samples from dairy equipment including swab milk cans, filters, and milk buckets were collected through direct interviews using a questionnaire regarding the characteristics of respondents and sanitation of dairy equipment. The results showed that the TPC value of various dairy equipment 100% exceeded the standard contamination limit (100 cfu/mL), with the average milkcan being 7.4 x 104 ± 8.8 x 104 cfu/mL, bucket 5.3 x 104 ± 1 x 105 cfu/mL, and filter 5.5 x 104 ± 1.3 x 105 cfu/mL. The number of Enterobacteriaceae that exceeds the standard contamination limit at milkcan as much as 66.7% with an average of 4.8 x 103 ± 1.3 x 104 cfu/mL, in the bucket and filter 50% each with an average
Keyword: Enterobacteriaceae, higiene, jumlah total mikroorganisme, sanitasi, total plate count, sanitasi

Judul: Quality of Raw Milk Based on Total Number of Microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae From Dairy Farm in Pondok Ranggon
Abstrak: Susu merupakan produk hasil ternak perah yang bernilai gizi tinggi. Kandungan gizi yang tinggi pada susu memberi peluang bagi perkembangan bakteri, baik yang patogen maupun non patogen. Bakteri dapat menurunkan kualitas susu, sehingga dalam waktu yang sangat singkat susu menjadi tidak layak dikonsumsi bila tidak ditangani dengan tepat dan benar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan data tentang keberadaan jumlah total mikroorganisme, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Enterobacteriaceae serta mengetahui kualitas mikrobiologi susu kandang dan penampungan dari Peternakan Sapi Perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling. Sampel susu kandang diambil dari peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur dan susu penampungan diambil dari TPS, kemudian diuji di Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah Jumlah Total Mikroorganisme/Total Plate Count (TPC), S. aureus, dan Enterobacteriaceae. Pengujian sampel susu yang dilakukan yaitu isolasi, inkubasi, dan perhitungan jumlah koloni bakteri. Kualitas mikroorganisme susu segar di peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon mempunyai rata-rata TPC 4,6 x 106 ± 6,8 x 106 CFU/mL, jumlah cemaran S. aureus 3,0 x 104 ± 7,8 x 104 CFU/mL, dan cemaran Enterobacteriaceae 1,1 x 105 ± 2,2 x 105 CFU/mL. Susu segar yang diproduksi dari peternakan sapi perah di Pondok Ranggon belum memenuhi standar Batas Maksimum Cemaran Mikroba (BMCM) yang telah ditetapkan., Milk is a dairy product with high nutrition value. The high nutrition value in milk provides an opportunity for bactery to grow, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic. Bactery can reduce the quality of milk, so that milk becomes unfit for consumption in a very short time if it not handled properly and correctly. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the presence of the total number of microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae and to determine the microbiological quality of bulk milk and shelters from dairy farm Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta. The samples were collected by using simple random sampling method. Bulk milk samples were collected at dairy farm Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta and collected milk at TPS, then tested at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, FKH, IPB. The variables observed in this study were the total number of microorganisms/total plate count (TPC), S. aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Testing of milk samples carried out were isolation, incubation, and calculation of the number of bacterial colonies. The microorganisms quality of raw milk at dairy farm Pondok Ranggon has an average of TPC 4,6 x 106 ± 6,8 x 106 CFU/mL, number of S. aureus 3,0 x 104 ± 7,8 x 104 CFU/mL, and Enterobacteriaceae 1,1 x 105 ± 2,2 x 105CFU/mL. Fresh milk produced from dairy farms in Pondok Ranggon has not met the Maximum Microbial Contamination Limit (BMCM) standard.
Keyword: Enterobacteriaceae, fresh milk, S. aureus, TPC

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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