Judul: Desain dan kinerja unit pemotongan serasah tebu dengan menggunakan pisau tipe reel
Abstrak: The problem of sugarcane trash after harvesting is experienced by the world's sugarcane plantations, including those in Indonesia. Large amount of sugarcane trash left in the field makes difficulties in soil management and plant maintenance. Current practice done by the sugarcane plantations was “burning before soil tillage”. However, the practice of burning cause unwanted impact to the environment and human health. Meanwhile, sugarcane trash still rich of nutrients for the land. Widely studied and has been proven that many sugarcane trash is very useful to increase the soil fertility. The trash size is still long so that it should be reduced to improve composting process. A prototype of reel type trash chopper has been designed and constructed with dimensions of 240 cm width, 268 cm length, and 133 cm height. The prototype was tested on 4 levels of reel rotational speeds (400, 450, 500, and 550 rpm) and 4 levels of trash densities (8, 16, 24, and 32 kg/m3). During the tests, cutting torque and rotational speed of the reel were measured using a torque-meter and a digital tachometer. The output of trash chopping were measured to know the quality of the chopping procces. The prototype chopped up sugarcane trash of about 1.7 - 3.2 cm length, with chopping capacity of 398 kg/hour. Results of the tests showed that cutting torque was in the range of 1.75 to 4.03 kg.m with the average of 2.88 kg.m, and average cutting power was 1.87 hp. Higher trash density caused a higher cutting torque and cutting power, while higher rotational speed caused a lower cutting torque and a higher cutting power. The highest cutting torque was 4.03 kg.m, when chopped sugarcane trash of 32 kg/m3 in trash density on 400 rotational speed. Increasing the rotational speed caused a shorter trash size.
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Judul: Design and Performance of Trash Gathering-conveying Unit of Sugarcane Trash Chopping Machine
Abstrak: A machine for gathering and chopping the piles of sugarcane trash on the field after harvesting is being designed. As a part of the machine, a gathering-conveying unit was designed. Important data including condition and characteristics of leaves piles were collected and used for designing the unit. The average bulk density of trash on the field was 7.71 kg/m3, the average pressure to compress the piles from 40 cm to 30 cm thickness was 50.65 N/m2, and the pressure to compress the trash from 27 cm to 8 cm thickness was 1166.60 N/m2. The unit was consisted of a gathering reel, a pair of conveyors, cover-frame and power transmission components. The prototype was tested to measure its working performance and its power requirement of each component. Raking level was varied into 6 levels (raking index: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), and conveying level was varied into 3 levels (conveying index: 1, 1.14 and 1.20) for the experiment. Sugarcane trash having 8 kg/m3 Keywords: sugarcane trash, gathering reel, conveyors, power, performance. in bulk density and 40 cm in height was used and feed to the unit at feeding velocity of 0.3 m/s, for the experiments. The experimental result showed that the gathering reel and the conveyors could work properly. The working capacity of the unit was 1964.76-2101.25 kg/hour. Average rotating power of the reel was 18 Watt, and average rotating power of the conveyor was 98 Watt. After processing 8 kg trash, there was around 1.5-3.7% of trash trapped on the reel, and around 3.13-9.20% of trash trapped on the conveyor.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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