Judul: Causes of Death and Mitigation on  Lobster Fry Catching (Case Study in Simpenan District, Sukabumi Regency)
Abstrak: Puerulus atau yang biasa dikenal dengan benur lobster merupakan fase transisi antara fase phyllosoma lobster dan fase juvenile lobster lobster pada life cycle lobster. Penangkapan benur lobster biasanya menggunakan jaring pocong. Kurangnya pengetahuan nelayan di Kecamatan Simpenan terkait penanganan benur lobster dibuktikan dengan fakta bahwa benur hasil tangkapan pernah mengalami kematian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan unit penangkapan, operasional penangkapan, dan proses transportasi benur lobster dari DPI hingga pengepul; menghitung komposisi hasil tangkapan benur lobster; mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab kematian benur lobster pada operasi penangkapan serta strategi untuk menanganinya. Metode penelitian ini adalah observasi dan wawancara dengan menggunakan pendekatan teknik accidental sampling. Analisis yang digunakan ialah deskriptif dan fishbone analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa alat tangkap yang digunakan adalah jaring pocong dan alat bantu berupa lampu. Operasi penangkapan benur lobster biasa dilakukan pada malam hari. Transportasi ketika operasi penangkapan biasa menggunakan styrofoam box. Komposisi hasil tangkapan utama terdiri dari benur pasir dan benur mutiara sedangkan hasil tangkapan sampingan didominasi oleh juvenile ikan dan crustacea. Strategi penanggulangan kematian benur terbagi menjadi 4; nelayan, metode, material, dan alat. Strategi tersebut diantaranya penggunaan air yang cocok sebagai media hidup benur membawa box cadangan, penyimpanan/pengondisian box menghindari perubahan parameter air, pemberian tali sumbu pada jaring., Puerulus or known as lobster fry is a transitional phase between phyllosoma and juvenile phase in the lobster life cycle. Catching lobster fry usually used pocong nets. The lack of knowledge of fishers in Simpenan Regency in handling lobster seeds causes many lobster deaths. The purpose of this study to describe the fishing unit, fishing operations, and process of transporting from fishing ground to collectors, moreover to knowing the lobster catches. Identify the lobster fry death in fishing operations and strategies to deal with it. This research method was observation and interview used accidental sampling technique. The analysis used descriptive and fishbone analysis. The results showed fishing gear used was a pocong net and a lamp. Lobster fry fishing operations are usually carried out at night. Transportation during fishing operations usually used a styrofoam box. The main catch consisted of sand and pearl fry and by-catch were dominated by juvenile fish and crustaceans. The strategy for dealing with fry mortality is divided into four namely fisheries, methods, materials, and tools. Among them are use of suitable air as a living medium for fry, bring a spare box, storage box avoids changing air parameters and presenting the wick to the net.
Keyword: fish bone analysis, lobster seeds, Panulirus Ornatus, Puerulus

Judul: Distribution of Post Larva Lobster (Puerulus) in Palabuhanratu Bay Sukabumi Regency
Abstrak: Lobster adalah jenis udang udangan (crustacea) yang memiliki lima fase kehidupan, salah satunya adalah Puerulus. Fase tersebut menyerupai lobster dewasa namun belum memiliki pigmen serta kerangka luar yang keras. Benih Bening Lobster (BBL) bergerak mengikuti arus laut ke daerah pantai yang lebih dangkal dengan substrat berpasir atau batuan karang bahkan dapat melintasi samudera. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan unit penangkapan dan operasi penangkapan BBL, mengetahui komposisi hasil tangkapan BBL, serta mengetahui penyebaran BBL di Teluk Palabuhanratu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu wawancara dan observasi langsung di lapangan. Responden yang diwawancarai ditentukan berdasarkan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif dan geographic information system (GIS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unit penangkapan BBL di Teluk Palabuhanratu terdiri dari jaring pocong, perahu berukuran 2-5 GT, alat bantu penangkapan berupa lampu celup bawah air dan lampu sorot permukaan. Operasi penangkapan dilakukan malam hari dalam satu hari trip ataupun beberapa hari trip. Hasil tangkapan jaring pocong terdiri dari 12 spesies yang didominasi oleh juvenil udang mantis dengan hasil tangkapan utama BBL mutiara dan pasir. Sebaran BBL di Teluk Palabuhanratu menyebar secara menyeluruh di 6 kecamatan dengan sebaran terbanyak berada di Ujung Genteng., Lobster is a group of crustaceans that has five life stages, one of which is Puerulus. This stage resembles an adult lobster but does not yet have pigment and a hard exoskeleton. Lobster larvae move by drifting with ocean currents to shallower coastal areas and can even cross the ocean. This study aimed to describe the fishing unit and fishing operation to catch lobster larvae, determine the composition of lobster larvae catches, and determine the distribution of lobster larvae (Puerulus) in Palabuhanratu Bay. Data and information were collected through interviews and direct observation in the field. The data were then analyzed using descriptive statistics and geographic information systems. The results showed that the lobster larvae fishing unit in Palabuhanratu Bay consisted of “pocong” nets, a 2-5 GT boat, and fishing auxiliaries, i.e., underwater dip lights and surface spotlights. The fishing operation is carried out at night for one-day fishing or several-day fishing trips. The catch of “pocong” nets consisted of 12 species, which were dominated by juvenile mantis shrimp, with the main catches of rock and sand lobster larvae. The distribution of lobster larvae in Palabuhanratu Bay waters is thoroughly spread in 6 sub-districts, with a very dense spread in Ujung Genteng.
Keyword: distribution of lobster larvae, pocong nets, Palabuhanratu Bay, spread, Puerulus

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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