Judul: Development and Implementation of Good Jamu Gendong Production Practice to Improve Its Microbiological Quality and Safety
Abstrak: Jamu gendong is a traditional Indonesian herbal beverage that can be considered as functional beverages because of their flavonoid content and essential oils from its herbs and spices. Although they are believed to help maintain good health, they are often considered low in quality and safety. This study aims to assess the microbiological quality of jamu gendong from two jamu gendong producers in Bogor using parameters such as microbiological quality of utensils, workers, processing and product to be used in developing a Good Jamu Gendong Production Practice (GJGPP) guideline for a home industry scale and implement it to those jamu gendong producers. This study consist of evaluation of production steps through observation, development of GJGPP guidelines by taking into considerations of Good Food Production Practice for home industry issued by The Indonesian National Agency for Drug and Food Control, implement the GJGPP guideline and evaluation of microbiological quality (Total Plate Count, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. analysis) of the investigated products (beras kencur and temulawak extract), utensils (bottles) and environment (air sanitation) before and after implementation. The results obtained from this study showed that the number of microorganism in beras kencur and temulawak extract exceeded the maximum recommended standards and that its production did not meet the standard requirements for good production practices. Almost all standard of good production practices was violated. Factors influencing the high microbial content include : poor production practices (poor rhizome sortation and washing) , lack of hygienic practices during processing, no standardized processing procedures and no written standardized formula for both temulawak and beras kencur extract. and are also supported by the characteristic of the product that has a high pH, availability of nutrients, water activity and temperature (processing and storage), but also was inhibited by antimicrobial content. After implementation of the GJGPP, investigated samples show a decrease in microbial load. Product microbial load succeed to decrease near enough the maximum recommended standards and are negative in Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. Results on air sanitation before and after implementation showed a slight decrease, therefore environmental hygiene practices was not as critical as personnel hygiene. Application of good production practices in jamu gendong production has improved jamu gendong microbiological quality and safety
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Judul: Kajian Mutu Mikrobiologi Produk Minuman Tradisional Hasil Olahan Industri dan Jamu Gendong
Abstrak: Beras kencur, sari asam, sari temulawak dan sari kunyit adalah beberapa dari sekian banyak minuman tradisional yang telah dikenal sejak lama oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai minuman jamu gendong dan akhir-akhir ini telah dikembangkan oleh industri-industri pangan sebagai produk minuman fungsional. Khasiat dari minuman tersebut telah lama diyakini oleb masyarakat Indonesia, akan tetapi seperti halnya produk tradisional lainnya maka perlu diperhatikan segi keamanannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkaji keamanan mikrobiologi keempat jenis produk minuman tradisional hasil olahan industri, baik yang diproduksi oleh industri kecil maupun industri besar. Uji mikrobiologis produk minuman tradisional tersebut akan diubungkan dengan jenis produk, bentuk produk, jenis kemasan, kode pendaftaran dari Departemen Kesehatan dan batas kadaluarsa, lalu dibandingkan dengan hasil uji mikrobiologi jamu gendong.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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