Judul: Potensi Lamun Jenis Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii Dari Pulau Pramuka, DKI Jakarta Sebagai Bioantifouling
Abstrak: Biochemically, seagrass has natural antifouling compounds potential to substitute harmful compund of TBT (tributhyl tin) in the antifouling paint. The aim of this study was to explore potential seagrass as bioantifouling materials. Particulary of Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides extraction was performed using two solvents: methanol (polar) and n-hexane (non-polar). The results showed that extracts of Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides contains flavonoids, a chemical compound potential as bioantifouling. Based on toxicity tests using Brain Shrimp Lethal Toxic (BSLT) method, methanol extract of Enhalus acoroides was more toxic (5.74 ppm) than n-hexane extract (1309.42 ppm). Biofilm inhibitory activity assay showed that inhibition performance seagrass extract (200 mg/ml) were weak (1.00 mm) to moderate (5.33mm).
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Judul: Potential of bacterial simbionts of seagrass as preventing marine Biofouling
Abstrak: Biofouling is defined as the attachment and growth of microorganisms (microbial fouling) and macroorganisms (macrofouling) on solid surface. Biofouling bacteria also result on surface of marine plant seagrass as symbiotic. Bacteria-seagrass association that occur on the surface have been known to produce secondary metabolites that have important ecological roles, including prevention from pathogen infection and fouling organisms. A research aimed at the bacterial symbionts of seagrass Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii and Syringodium isoetifolium as defense marine biofouling was performed. Bacterial symbionts including endophytes and epiphytes were isolated from the seagrass. Marine biofilm-forming bacteria had been isolated from the fiber and wooden panels from the surrounding colonies. Epiphyte isolate found more than endophyte isolate, however more biological activity was found among endophyte compare to epiphyte against biofilm-forming bacteria. Bacterial endophyte inhibited more biofilm-forming bacteria than epiphyte. Extract endophytes and epiphytes bacteria also inhabited biofilm-forming bacteria. Field experimental of extract bacteria show that extract of two bacteria spesies cannot obtained fouling organisms identified as Virgibacillus genus and one identified as Bacillus genus. Bacterial symbionts of seagrass in this experiment show potential source as natural marine antifouling.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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