Judul: Effect of carrageenan and gelatin addition on the characteristics of starch-based bioplastics
Abstrak: Bioplastik terbuat dari bahan yang bersifat biodegradable seperti pati, karet, kitosan, selulosa, lignin serta beberapa bagian dari hewan seperti kasein, protein, dan lipid. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui formula terbaik dari gelatin dan karaginan sebagai bahan pembuatan bioplastik berbasis pati serta karakteristik sifat fisikokimia material bioplastik dari blending polimer antara pati, karaginan, dan gelatin. Pembuatan bioplastik dilakukan dengan perlakuan rasio gelatin dan karaginan yakni 1:1, 1:4, dan 4:1, dipanaskan menggunakan magnetic stirrer dengan suhu 70°C selama 25 menit. Penambahan karaginan dan gelatin berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap kuat tarik, ketebalan, dan daya serap air bioplastik yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan terbaik yang digunakan yaitu perbandingan gelatin dan karaginan sebesar 1:4. Karakteristik yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai kuat tarik sebesar 25.85 MPa, elongasi sebesar 60%, ketebalan 0.28 mm, daya serap air sebesar 49.02%, serta memiliki nilai derajat putih sebesar 82.45%., Bioplastics are made from biodegradable materials such as starch, rubber, chitosan, cellulose, lignin and animal parts such as casein, protein and lipids. This research aims to determine the best formula of gelatin and carrageenan as ingredients for making starch-based bioplastics and the characteristics of bioplastics from mixing polymers between starch, carrageenan, and gelatin. Treatment in bioplastics is made from a ratio of gelatin and carrageenan that is 1:1, 1:4, and 4:1, heated with a magnetic stirrer at 70°C for 25 minutes. The addition of carrageenan and gelatin significantly affected the tensile strength, thickness, and water absorption of the bioplastics. The best treatment used is the ratio of 1: 4 gelatin and carrageenan. The resulting characteristics have a tensile strength value of 25.85 MPa, 60% elongation, 0.28mm thickness, 49.02% water absorption, and a white degree value of 82.45%.
Keyword: bioplastics, carrageenan, gelatin, characteristics

Judul: Pencirian Bioplastik Tepung Tapioka Terplastisasi Gliserol dengan Penambahan Karaginan
Abstrak: Tapioca starch is very potential to be used as biodegradable plastic materials. However, its hydrophilic nature makes the plastic produced fragile and needs addition of plastic. In this research, bioplastics of tapioca starchcarrageenan blend in 7:3 and 8:2 ratio, was added with carrageenan in 1, 2, and 3% concentrations. Analysis of specific gravity, functional group, mechanical and thermal analysis, as well as morphology were carried out to the plastic product. The highest tensile strength and elongation were obtained at 8:2 ratio with addition of 2% carrageenan, which are 275.55 MPa and 33.18%, respectively. Infrared spectrum showed no new functional group formation. Thermal analysis with differential scanning calorimetry at 1 and 2% carageenan concentrations showed melting point at 102.36 and 115.60 ℃, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy analysis showed a homogeneous morphology. Based on the results, the plastic obtained can be developed as edible film
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Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
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