Judul: Water economic value change analysis caused landuse changing case study in Cidanau Watershed in Banten Province
Abstrak: Cidanau is the most important watershed in Banten Province because it has provided economic activity in Serang and Cilegon regions. The users of water services from Cidanau watershed are farmers, households, fisheries, small scale industries, water industries and Krakatau Tirta Industries. Those have been analized to find total economic values of Cidanau water. The aims of the reaserch are to analize water economic value by market pricing and gathering cost, to analize factors influencing water demand curve, and to analize landuse changes of Cidanau and its relationships with water economic values changes from 1997 to 2004. Landsat imaging and GIS of Cidanau have been used the research. The methods of the research are use gathering cost and market pricing to find water values from the users. While the GIS and Remote Sensing have been used to detect landuse changes in Cidanau watershed from 1997 to 2004. Both water values and landuse changes have been analized to find relation the others. The results of the reaserch allows that firstly, total water economic value in 1997 increase Rp 52.006.323.743 per year and in 2004 increase Rp 126.456.999.536 per year. Secondly, landuse of Cidanau has changed in 1997 to 2004; bare land changed is decrease 35.56 %, paddyfield is increase 0.59 %, forest is decrease 4.2 %, agroforest is increase 21.072 %,, shrubs is increase 28.25 %, and wet lands is decrease 9.39 %..
Keyword: 

Judul: Evaluation Land Use Changes and The Effect on The Hydrological Characteristics of the Upper Citarum Watershed
Abstrak: Currently mayority of watersheds in Indonesia have suffered a lot of decreased function in maintaining water availability and environmental health, one of which is citarum watershed. Land use changes in the Citarum watershed are very intensive, especially in the upstream part. The upstream watershed plays an important role as a water absorbtion area and a buffer zone for the downstream area. The research was conducted in the upper Citarum watershed covering an area of 175,158.9 hectares with the outlet at Nanjung stream monitoring station, which aims to analyze land use changes on hydrological characteristics in the upper Citarum watershed, and formulate land use direction in the upper Citarum watershed that are able to preserve the hydrological function of the watershed. The research were devided to; (1) visual interpretation of SPOT image data; (2) analysis of land use changes; (3) hydrological response analysis of river discharge; (4) analysis of the effect of land use changes on river discharge; (5) analysis of the suitability of upper citarum watershed spatial pattern to spatial plans of West Java. Spot image interpretation can be done well as shown by the Overall Accuracy (OA) coefficient of 93.33% and Kappa Accuracy (KA) of 90.6%. The results of the analysis of the map of land use changes in the upper Citarum watershed in the period 2009 - 2018 showed an increase in vacant land (+95%), developed land (39.7%), rice field (+13%), and plantations (+6.4%). The increase was accompanied by a decrease in bushland (-60%), rice fields (-17.4%), and forests (-5.5%). The percentage of suitability of the existing land is 59.6% suitable and 40.7% not in accordance with the spatial pattern of the West Java spatial plans. The results of hydrological response evaluation show that the Ciwidey, Cisangkuy, and Cihaur sub-watersheds are classified as first priority to be restored it’s hydological response entirely. Second Priority is Cirasea, Cikeruh, and Cikapundung sub-watersheds, where efforts to restore hydrological response are gradual. Where as the Citarik sub-watershed is classified as third priority that the hydrological conditions must be maintained. The application of land conservation that combines vegetative and physical conservation is aimed at types of land use that do not match the area's spatial pattern. The management and utilization of agricultural and plantation land by applying agroforestry systems, intercropping and terracing along with the application of a zero runoff system in built-up land is expected to improve the hydrological response of the Upper Citarum Watershed.
Keyword: hidrological response, land use changes, upper Citarum watershed, hidrological response, land use changes, upper Citarum watershed

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
Keyword: