Judul: Kajian Manfaat Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Bagi Pengembangan Ekowisata Bahari (Studi Kasus Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Nusa Penida, Bali)
Abstrak: Development of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) aims to harmonize the economic needs of the community with the disire to consrve natural resources. Along with its development, Marine Protected Areas has been used for various purposes such as the place of research, environmental protection, preservation of species and genetic diversity, tourism activies, environmental education and protection of natural or cultural elements specific.. Nusa Penida is one of the candidate Marine Protected Areas in Indonesia and have been reserved by regulation of Regent of Klungkung Regency No. 12 of 2010. The status of the areas is a tourist park waters. One of reasons for to conservation reserve in Nusa Penida, becouse Nusa Penida have a specific organism/ endemic who can become an attraction for tourist such as : sunfish, manta rays, turtles and dolphins. This research was conducted in the Distric of Nusa Penida with four (4) location in the village of Nusa Penida such as Toyapakeh Village, Ped Village, Sakti Village and Jungut Batu Village. The four villages was selected becouse its development were directed to areas of tourist activities. The general objective of this study is to assess the benefit of Marine Protected Areas in Nusa Penida for the development of marine ecotourism by reviewing the benefits felt by the community who are in Nusa Penida, local community, government and private who become stakeholders in Marine Protected Areas and maintain the condition of the regions ecology. Results of this study showed that the ecological condition of coral reefs in particular was good category with coral mortality index range 0-0,01 at a depth of three meters and 0 – 0,025 at a depth of ten meters. Level of coral damage in Nusa Penida are very small or in others words there are no fundamental change from a live coral reef become the expanse of dead corals in Nusa Penida. Although the bioecology condition of Nusa Penida are categorized good until very good but not optimal in terms of management. It can be seen from percentage cover of coral communities that occur eac year are still up-down or unstable. Reef fish are found in Nusa Penida ± 576 species, consisting major fish, target fish, and indicators fish. Based on the anaysis of marine ecotourism suitability index, Nusa Penida appropriate for diving activities, snorkeling, and beach recreation. However, tourist visit to Nusa Penida already exceeded the carrying capacity of the area were 183.977 persons/year while the carrying capacity to the region around 177.755 persons/years. Characteristics of tourists visiting in Nusa Penida was very varied. the result showed that most travelers who visit in Nusa Penida was Australia (41,8%), American (10%) and Japan (9%). And the results obtained from 67 respondents, domestic and international tourist each country comes from Indonesia, America, England, Japan, Switszerland, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Australia, Denmark, Netherland, Canada and Colombia. Marine Protected Areas in Nusa Penida had been held fo more than three years. It can be seen from the public revenue after reserved conservation area in Nusa Penida was an increase of approximately 10% - 30%. Not only the local community
Keyword: Marine Ecotourism, Marine Protected Areas, Nusa Penida, and The Benefit of Marine Protected Area.

Judul: Kajian Wisata Bahari terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Kawasan Pesisir Pulau Nusa Penida Provinsi Bali
Abstrak: Pulau Nusa Penida terletak di Kecamatan Nusa Penida, Kabupaten Klungkung, Provinsi Bali. Perairan Nusa Penida merupakan bagian dari segitiga terumbu karang yaitu sebuah kawasan yang memiliki keanekaragaman laut tertinggi di dunia. Berdasarkan Keputusan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan Nomor 24 Tahun 2014 tentang Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Nusa Penida Kabupaten Klungkung di Provinsi Bali, Nusa Penida merupakan kawasan konservasi perairan dengan status taman wisata perairan. Salah satu alasan Nusa Penida dijadikan kawasan konservasi karena Nusa Penida memiliki spesies spesifik yang menjadi daya tarik yaitu ikan mola-mola dan ikan pari manta. Sebagian besar masyarakat pesisir Pulau Nusa Penida bermata pencaharian sebagai nelayan dan petani rumput laut. Adanya kegiatan wisata bahari memiliki pengaruh terhadap kehidupan masyarakat, sehingga pengembangan secara terpadu perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi kerusakan terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis potensi eksisting wisata bahari, mengkaji kontribusi wisata bahari terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat dan menyusun strategi pengembangan wisata bahari di Pulau Nusa Penida. Analisis potensi eksisting wisata bahari menggunakan pedoman Analasis Daerah Operasi-Objek dan Daya Tarik Wisata Alam (ADO-ODTWA) Direktorat Jendral PHKA (2003). Analisis daya dukung kawasan menggunakan formula Douglass (1975). Analisis kesejahteraan masyarakat menggunakan indikator Badan Pusat Statistik (2011). Strategi pengembangan wisata bahari menggunakan analisis Strengths Weakness Opportunities Threats (SWOT). Objek wisata di Pulau Nusa Penida memiliki nilai yang tinggi sebesar 4144 dan sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan. Objek wisata tersebut adalah Pantai Suana, Pantai Crystal Bay, Pantai Toyapakeh, Pantai Kelingking, Pantai Tembeling, Pantai Gamat, Pantai Suwehan, Pantai Atuh dan Pasih Uug. Kapasitas wisatawan yang mampu diterima oleh kawasan Pulau Nusa Penida untuk masing-masing kegiatan wisata adalah 4.363 orang/hari untuk kegiatan rekreasi pantai, 527 orang/hari untuk kegiatan diving dan 15.706 orang/hari untuk kegiatan snorkeling. Masyarakat pesisir Pulau Nusa Penida berada dalam taraf hidup dengan tingkat kesejahteraan rata-rata sedang sebesar 90%. Kontribusi kegiatan wisata bahari terhadap pendapatan masyarakat sebesar 36%. Kegiatan wisata bahari memiliki kontribusi positif terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat di kawasan pesisir Pulau Nusa Penida. Alternatif kebijakan pengembangan wisata bahari di kawasan Pulau Nusa Penida menghasilkan 3 strategi, yaitu mengelola wisata bahari yang berkelanjutan, mengembangkan wisata bahari berbasis kemasyarakatan serta meningkatkan promosi dan publikasi informasi.
Keyword: Daya dukung, kesejahteraan masyarakat, SWOT, wisata bahari

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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