Judul: Analisis Vektor Autoregresi (VAR) Terhadap Hubungan Antara Produksi Biodiesel dan Harga Minyak Sawit di Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesian palm oil industry continues to grow and develop rapidly. Indonesia, which was originally a manufacturer of the world's number two oil palm since 2006 has become the world's largest palm oil producer. According to the Indonesian Palm Oil Board (IPOB) production of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CPKO) Indonesia in 2010 reached 24.459 million tons or 47.9% of the total production of world’s CPO and CPKO, and in 2011 increased to 26.485 million tons. Bright prospects for oil industry making it one of Indonesia's main industry. For this bright prospects reason which prompted the government of Indonesia to develop oil palm plantations. For the last few years oil prices soar and affect the price of fossil fuels. This makes a lot of countries are seeking alternative sources of energy that is renewable bioenergy, including the government of Indonesia. Bioenergy feedstock for biodiesel, which is one of renewable bioenergy, could use palm oil which is produced in Indonesia. Utilization of palm oil as biodiesel feedstock will lead to increased demand for CPO. Thus the demand for palm oil will increase not only from the demand from the food sector but also from non-food sector. Production of biodiesel tend to respond positively to the CPO price shocks. Response of cooking oil for biodiesel production is positive and tends to increase steadily. Fluctuations in the price of cooking oil in the long run is more affected by the price of CPO than biodiesel production, but CPO is the main raw material of biodiesel so that when there is an increase in the demand for palm oil, biodiesel production will also increase. Increased demand for palm oil could trigger an increase in CPO prices so that the price of cooking oil will rise. It shows that the price of cooking oil will indirectly influenced by the production of biodiesel. The increase in cooking oil prices caused by the increase in crude palm oil prices due to the production of biodiesel can be reduced by increasing the supply of CPO either by reduction of exports and the increase in CPO production.
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Judul: Analisis Volatilitas Harga Minyak Sawit dan Harga Minyak Goreng
Abstrak: Crude palm oil industry has bright prospect in vegetables oil competition. Nowadays crude palm oil is the most produced and consumed.. Indonesia is the biggest crude palm oil exporter contributing 46.2 percent of world’s total supply in 2011. One of palm oil based downstream industry which is important in Indonesia is cooking oil industry. Cooking oil is one of the important nine basic needs for people. Cooking oil consumption tends to increase and this condition has been fullfiled by domestic industry. This because Indonesia has surplus condition in cooking oil. Unfortunately this surplus condition doesnot guarantee low and stable price domestically. The aims of this research are to analyze volatility of crude palm oil price and cooking oil, to analyze effect of crude palm oil export policy to the volatility of palm oil price and cooking oil and to analyze effect of value added tax borne by government to the cooking oil volatility. Data used in this research is secondary data which is daily time series data, period January 2005 to March 2012. Volatility of palm oil price and cooking oil in this research is built on the basis of time series econometric methods called autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity/ generalized autoregressive conditional eteroschedasticity (ARCH GARCH) Analysis results to price volatility of crude palm oil and cooking oil show different pattern. Volatility of crude palm oil is influenced by volatility of two previous periods, meanwhile volatility of cooking oil is influenced by volatility and variance last period. Volatility of cooking oil price is higher than volatility of cooking oil. Analysis results to progressive export tax policy of crude palm oil and value added tax borne by government towards cooking oil industry give different effect to price volatility. Implementation of Export tax policy to crude palm oil leads to constant price volatility of crude palm oil and cooking palm oil price until the end of analysis period, with the result that export tax policy can stabilize crude palm oil price and cooking oil. On the other hand value added tax borne by government towards cooking oil price leads to unstable price volatility of cooking oil until the end of analysis period. It can be concluded that value added tax borne by government cannot stabilize of cooking oil price
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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