Judul: Pengaruh Bubuk Daun Cincau Hijau (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Serta Ekspresi Protein Proapotosis dan Antiapoptosis pada Adenocarsinoma Mammae Mencit C3H.
Abstrak: Cancer is very closely associated with food consumption. Natural foods such as fruits and vegetables have been proven to have many benefit effects to body health. Bioactive compound from plants have antitumor activity. Green leaf of P.oblongifolia Merr. had been proven to have activity on tumor growth resistance in C3H mice. The purposes of this study were to know the influence of green P.oblongifolia Merr. leaf powder as anti cancer activity on C3H mice by analyzing tumor tissue histopatology, expression of JNK 1/2 and caspase-7 as proapoptosis protein and expression of ERK 1/2 and COX-2 as antiapoptosis protein. C3H mice (n=25) were devided into 5 groups. The first is a standard negatif group (A) and the second group was a positif control group (B), both were treated with standard diet containing 0% green leaf powder. Group C, D and E were given standart diet containing green leaf powder 0,88%, 1,76%, and 2,64%. The diets were given for 30 days. At 31st day the mice in groups B,C, D and E were transplanted with MMTV cancer cells. The diet was continued to 52nd day and at 53rd day all mice were terminated to obtain the cancer tissue. Parameters observed covering consumption of diet, body weight, tumor growth latent period, volume and weight of cancer tissue. Histopatology analysis was comprised of hematoxilin eosin (HE) and imunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The IHC were done using four antibodies which are anti-phospho-JNK 1/2, anti-COX-2, anticaspase-7, and anti-phospho-ERK 1/2. Delta of mice body weight before and after transplantation was not significantly different (p>0,05). Cancer latency period was not significanly different (p>0,05). Cancer volume increased significantly in positif control group (p<0,05). Cancer tissue weight of groups D and E were significantly lower compared to the other groups (p<0,05). The results showed that the mice that given green leaf powder (P. oblongifolia Merr.) exhibited less development of cancer growth mainly in groups D and E, which was supported by HE score. The HE staining showed that the cancer tissues of groups D and E have the least average differentiation and mitotic scores. In this study IHC staining for proapoptotic markers as JNK 1/2 and caspase-7 and for antiapoptotic markers as ERK 1/2 and COX-2 have not yet indicated positive expression.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Bubuk Daun Cincau Hijau (Premna oblongifolia Merr) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologis Jaringan Hati Mencit C3H yang Ditransplantasi Sel Tumor Kelenjar Susu
Abstrak: Being the second of the biggest killer machine in the world, cancer still has a possibility to be prevented. Cancer curing usually involves radiotherapy and chemotherapy which have cytotoxic effects not only for the cancer cells but also for the normal cells. The best way to prevent cancer is by consuming natural food products. Natural foods such as fruits and vegetables have been proved to have many benefit effects to body health. Cincau hijau extracts had been proved to have anticancer activity; to be toxic to cancer cells but not toxic to normal cells according to in vitro researchs. The in vivo anticancer activities of cincau hijau Premna oblongifolia Merr was examined in this study by using C3H mice. The dosages of cincau hijau leaf powder given to the mice were 0.88%, 1.76%, and 2.64% in powder form. The 2.64% dosage had a decreasing effect in mice body weight. Tumor volume increased significantly in the negative control group, especially eleven days after the tumor cell transplantion. Mice tumor latency period and liver weight were not significantly different (p>0.05). Tumor tissue weights of negative control and 0.88% group were significantly larger than the others (p<0.05). Hepatocytes lesions were observed histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining process and counted in percentage and statistical score. The percentage of normal hepatocytes of the negative control was the highest (3.18%). The percentage of hydropic degeneration of 0.88% group was the highest (30.66%). Hepatocytes lesions by hydropic degeneration between negative control and the 0.88%, 1.76%, and 2.64% groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). The percentage of fatty degeneration of the 2.64% group was the highest (77.76%). Hepatocytes lesions by fatty degeneration between positive, negative control, and the 0.88% were not significantly different (p>0.05). The percentage of necrosis of the 0.88% group was the highest (11.05%). Hepatocytes lesions by necrosis between negative control and the 1.76% and 2.64% groups were not significantly different (p>0.05), and the hepatocytes lesions by necrosis of 0.88% group was significantly larger than the others (p<0.05). Liver degeneration might be caused by the tumor existence and growth which continue to affect liver metabolism. The 0.88% dosage had not shown effective protection to liver injury. It might be caused by the amount of feed consumption which was not significantly different (p>0.05) and by the tumor.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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