Judul: Reliability Study of Amyloid Kit for Detection of Alzheimer's Disease
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer adalah penyakit neurodegeneratif yang merusak otak secara bertahap dan merupakan bagian dari demensia. Penyakit demensia Alzheimer disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor sehingga sampai saat ini belum diketahui dengan pasti terapi yang tepat. Pembuatan kit sebagai alat diagnostik untuk menunjang pengembangan penapisan terhadap penyakit Alzheimer merupakan upaya strategis yang dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian reliabilitas kit deteksi amiloid yang dikembangkan menjadi uji alternatif penapisan penyakit Alzheimer dibandingkan dengan kit komersial. Penapisan berbasis pendeteksian dengan teknik Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) dapat bekerja secara efektif dan akurat dalam mengoptimalkan bahan antibodi spesifik atau antibodi monoklonal terhadap peptida Aβ42. Berdasarkan hasil dan interpretasi dari nilai batas deteksi, koefisien inter dan intra- assay, kit ELISA yang dikembangkan secara in house memiliki kemampuan deteksi Aβ42 yang menyamai Kit ELISA komersial yang telah tersedia (MyBioSource MBS288507). Kata kunci: Aβ42, ELISA, penapisan, penyakit Alzheimer, reliabilitas kit, Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disease that damages the brain and is part of dementia. Alzheimer’s dementia is caused by various factors that until now the proper therapy is uncertain. Kit production as a diagnostic tool to support the development of screening for Alzheimer’s disease is a strategic effort. Screening based on detection with Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) can work effectively and accurately to optimize a specific antibody material or monoclonal antibody to the Aβ42 peptide. This study aimed to research the reliability of the amyloid detection kit which was developed as an alternative screening test for Alzheimer’s disease compared to commercially available kits. Based on the results and interpretation of limits of detection, inter and intra-assay coefficients, the in-house ELISA kit has comparable Aβ42 detection to the commercially available ELISA kit (MyBioSource MBS288507). Keywords: Aβ42, Alzheimer’s disease, ELISA, reliability kit, screening
Keyword: ELISA, Reliabilitas kit, Macaca fascicularis, Penyakit Alzheimer, Penapisan, Aβ42

Judul: A Histopathological Comparison in Mice's Brain Following Injections of Alzheimer's Disease Markers Aβ40 and Aβ42 Peptides
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer adalah kondisi neurodegeneratif akibat akumulasi peptida abnormal amiloid, salah satunya peptida Aβ40 di dalam sel syaraf. Pengembangan deteksi peptida Aβ40 dan Aβ42 bermanfaat sebagai bahan untuk pembuatan alat diagnostik penyakit Alzheimer di manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat gambaran histopatologi otak mencit pasca injeksi peptida Aβ40 sebagai marka atau indikator penyakit Alzheimer pada hewan model. Mencit dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok utama, yaitu kelompok yang diinjeksi dengan peptida Aβ40, kelompok yang diinjeksikan dengan peptida Aβ42, dan kelompok kontrol. Pengamatan histopatologi jaringan otak dilakukan pada preparat dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin dan Congo Red. Lesio yang ditemukan pada jaringan otak kemudian dianalisa secara deskriptif dan kualitatif. Pada studi ini, lesio yang merupakan indikator utama penyakit Alzheimer yaitu senile plaque (SP) dan Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) ditemukan pada kelompok perlakuan. Jaringan otak mencit yang diinjeksi Aβ40 memperlihatkan jumlah lesio CAA yang cenderung lebih tinggi daripada SP, sedangkan mencit yang diinjeksi Aβ42 memperlihatkan tingkat lesio SP yang lebih tinggi daripada CAA. Penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya perbedaan tingkat lesio jaringan otak pada injeksi peptida amiloid beta yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dapat bermanfaat pada studi patogenesis Alzheimer dan pengembangan kit diagnostik berbasis deteksi protein., Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative condition caused by the buildup of abnormal amyloid peptides, one of which is peptide A40, within nerve cells. The detection of A40 and A42 peptides aids in the development of Alzheimer's disease diagnostic tools for humans. The purpose of this study is to look at brain histopathology after A40 and A42 peptide injections as a marker of Alzheimer's disease in mice as an animal model. Mice were divided into three groups: those given A40 peptide, A42 peptide-injected mice, and those as control. Histopathological examinations of brain tissue were performed on routine Hematoxylin-Eosin and Congo red for amyloid, stained tissue slides. The lesions discovered in brain tissue are further investigated using descriptive and semiquantitative methods. The findings revealed microscopical lesions characteristic of Alzheimer's disease, namely senile plaque (SP) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), were only found in the treatment group. Brain tissue from A40-injected mice revealed that the number of CAA lesions was higher than the number of SP lesions, whereas, in A42-injected mice, the number of SP lesions was higher than the number of CAA lesions. Following different betaamyloid treatments, different types of lesions were observed in this study. This study provides critical information for furthering the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease and developing protein detection-based diagnostic kits.
Keyword: Alzheimer, Aβ, Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), histopatologi, mencit, senile plaque (SP)

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite