Judul: Potential of Limonoid in the Rutaceae Family as Receptor Obstacle for Breast Cancer using In Silico Analysis
Abstrak: Kanker payudara menjadi kasus kanker terbanyak di Indonesia dengan penderita terbanyak adalah wanita. Obat kanker payudara telah ditemukan, salah satunya tamoksifen, tetapi menimbulkan efek samping. Senyawa potensial sebagai obat antikanker payudara perlu ditemukan salah satunya melalui cara penambatan molekuler karena biaya penelitian yang murah dan waktu pengerjaan yang singkat. Ligan alami pada reseptor yang terekspresi dalam kanker payudara memiliki kemiripan bentuk dengan senyawa limonoid. Senyawa tersebut banyak ditemukan dalam famili Rutaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi senyawa limonoid dari famili Rutaceae yang berpotensi sebagai obat antikanker payudara melalui teknik penambatan molekuler. Hasil penambatan molekuler serta prediksi toksisitas dan farmakokinetik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai obat antikanker payudara dengan ekspresi dominan reseptor progesteron, yaitu obakunon, 7α-obakunol, 7α-obakunil asetat, dan epoksiazadiradion. Keempat senyawa tersebut berpotensi dijadikan obat oral dan tidak toksik., Breast cancer has become the most cancer case in Indonesia, which is women are the main patient of the case. A cure for breast cancer has been found, one of them is tamoxifen, but it has side effects. Potential compounds as anticancer drugs need to be found, one of which is through molecular docking because the research costs are cheap and the processing time is short. Natural ligands on receptors expressed in breast cancer have a similar shape to limonoid compounds. Limonoid compounds are commonly found in the Rutaceae family. The goal of this study is to predict limonoid compounds from the family Rutaceae that have the potential as anticancer drugs for breast cancer through molecular docking techniques. The results of molecular docking, toxicity prediction, and pharmacokinetic prediction have shown that four compounds have the potential as breast anti-cancer drugs with a dominant expression of progesterone receptors, there are obacunone, 7α-obacunol, 7α-obacunyl acetate, and epoxyazadiradione. The four compounds can be used as oral drugs and are not toxic.
Keyword: breast cancer, in silico, limonoid, oral drug, Rutaceae

Judul: Literature Review on Limonoid Compounds as Anticancer
Abstrak: Limonoid merupakan metabolit sekunder golongan turunan triterpenoid yang diduga berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Eksplorasi tanaman dari famili Meliaceae dan Rutaceae menunjukkan bahwa limonoid memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik yang potensial menghambat sel kanker payudara, serviks, hati, kolon, pankreas, dan paru-paru. Telaah pustaka ini bertujuan menelaah senyawa limonoid pada tanaman famili Meliaceae dan Rutaceae baik dari segi struktur, klasifikasi, serta bioaktivitasnya sebagai antikanker. Pustaka ditelaah dengan mengumpulkan pustaka terpublikasi dan menganalisis data serta informasi secara deskriptif. Evaluasi aktivitas sitotoksik secara in vitro terhadap senyawa limonoid dari tanaman Meliaceae dan Rutaceae menunjukkan potensi yang sangat tinggi sebagai antikanker masing-masing dengan IC50 1,27-18,42 µg/mL dan cukup tinggi (moderat) dengan IC50 20,6-69,0 µg/mL. Mekanisme sitotoksik dari senyawa limonoid diidentifikasi melalui induksi apoptosis jalur intrinsik. Aktivitas sitotoksik yang potensial dipengaruhi oleh struktur senyawa limonoid. Limonoid dari Meliaceae termasuk kelompok meksikanolida, limonoid cincin D-seco, azadiradion, dan turunan limonoid. Pada genus Citrus (Rutaceae) limonoid yang ditemukan merupakan limonoid cincin A, D-seco., Limonoids are secondary metabolites of triterpenoid derivatives that are thought to be potential as anticancer. Exploration of plants from the Meliaceae and Rutaceae families showed that limonoids have potential cytotoxic activities to inhibit breast, cervical, liver, colon, pancreatic, and lung cancer cells. This literature review examines limonoid compounds in plants of the Meliaceae and Rutaceae families in terms of structure, classification, and bioactivity as anticancer. This literature review is carried out by collecting published literature, analyzing data and information descriptively. Evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of limonoids using the in vitro method showed limonoids from Meliaceae and Rutaceae plants had very high potential as anticancer with IC50 of 1,27-18,42 µg/mL and high enough (moderate) with IC50 of 20,6-69,0 µg/mL. The cytotoxic mechanism of limonoid compounds is identified by induction of apoptosis through the intrinsic pathways. In addition, the activity is affected by their chemical structure limonoids from Meliaceae belong to the mexicanolide group, D-seco ring limonoids, azadiradione, and limonoid derivatives. In the Citrus genus (Rutaceae), the limonoids found were ring A, D-seco limonoids.
Keyword: anticancer, in vitro, limonoid, Meliaceae, Rutaceae

Judul: Rancang Bangun Alat Pengukur Intensitas Hujan Dengan Metode Jungkat-Jungkit Berbasis Sensor Medan Magnet UGN3503.
Abstrak: This research has been done on making rain intensity gauge using a magnetic field sensor UGN3503. Sensor UGN3503 can detect the magnetic field on its surface. The sensor is placed above a seesaw that was inserted magnet. The magnet used is Neodymium magnet is a type of permanent magnet with stongest magnetic field compared to other types of fixed magnetic field magnets. When the seesaw discards rainwater, the distance between sensor and magnet is closer and causing the keluaran voltage of the sensor increases. The keluaran voltage of the sensor is compared with a reference voltage by the comparator so that the sensor keluaran data is in digital form and ready to be processed. As the processing and sending of data used ATmega16 microcontroller, microcontroller take sensor data once every 100 ms and display data to the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 16x2. Every 30 minutes the data is processed into the rain intensity is then stored into a computer.
Keyword: rain intensity, seesaw, comparator, microcontroller, sensor UGN3503.