Judul: Pemanfaatan Kulit Pisang untuk Produksi Enzim  Selulase
Abstrak: Penelitiari ini bertujuan memanf aatkan lculit pisang untuk produksi enzim selulase ekstraseluler oleh Neurospora sitophyla, Trichoderma seerei, dan T. viride. Kulit pisang ( cavendish) pada penelit ian ini berasal dari pabrik keripik pisang C.V. Gunung Mas, Bandar Lampung .
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Judul: Pemanfaatan limbah kulit pisang (Musa Paradisiaca) untuk produksi cuka fermentasi
Abstrak: Pisang (Musa paradisiaca) merupakan salah satu komodi- ti hortikultura yang menonjol di Indonesia dengan produksi sekitar dua juta ton tiap tahun. Pemanfaatan pisang untuk konsumsi langsung maupun diolah memberi hasil ikutan limbah kulit pisang yang cukup banyak jumlahnya, padahal kandungan nutriennya masih dapat dimanfaatkan. Dalam penelitian ini kulit pisang dimanfaatkan untuk produksi cuka fermentasi dengan metode pembuatan cuka ini menempuh dua tahap Perancis. Proses fermentasi yaitu fermentasi alkohol dan fermentasi asetat. Pada fermentasi alkohol, kulit pisang setelah ditambah air seberat dua kali berat kulit pisang, kemudian dihancurkan, disaring dan ditambah glukosa dalam jumlah 15 dan 20 persen, lalu diino- kulasikan dengan dua galur Saccharomyces cerevisiae yaitu NRRL Y-2034 dan ragi roti Fermipan. Selama fermentasi diamati perubahan kadar gula, kadar alkohol dan pH yang terjadi selama 9 hari fermentasi. Pada fermentasi asetat diterapkan perlakuan penambahan nutrien, penggoyangan dan penggunaan dua galur Acetobacter aceti yaitu NRRL B-1036 dan biang cuka pasar. Selama fermentasi diamati perubahan kadar alkohol, kadar asam, kadar asam volatil, kejernihan, ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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