Judul: Studi penyebaran dan pendugaan populasi burung beo Nias (gracula religiosta robusta) di Pulau Simuk Kabupaten Nias
Abstrak: Beo nias (Gracula religiosa robusta) merupakan salah satu burung penjati diri dari propinsi Sumatera Utara (SK GUBSU No.552.5/1611/K/1991) yang dilindungi oleh undang-undang. Burung ini memiliki kemampuan yang tinggi untuk menirukan suara-suara di sekitarnya. Keistimewaan ini menyebabkan adanya perburuan besar-besaran terhadap beo nias yang mengakibatkan menurunnya populasi beo nias di alam, disamping berkurangnya daerah hutan yang merupakan habitat alami beo nias. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah populasi dan daerah penyebaran beo nias di Pulau Simuk. Metoda penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengetahui daerah penyebarannya adalah dengan pengamatan langsung pada daerah habitatnya berdasarkan keberadaan sarang alaminya, kemudian hasilnya diplotkan ke dalam peta penyebaran. Pola penyebaran beo nias dianalisa dengan uji khi-kuadrat. Perhitungan populasi beo nias dilakukan dengan metoda daerah terkonsentrasi yang juga berdasarkan keberadaan sarang alaminya...
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Judul: Kajian kondisi habitat beo Nias (Gracula religiosa robusta) di Pulau Simuk dengan pendekatan potensi pakan dan sarang
Abstrak: Beo nias (Gracula religiosa robusta) dewasa ini mengalami gangguan yang sangat tinggi baik terhadap populasi maupun habitat. Gangguan terhadap populasi berupa penangkapan dan perburuan sehingga populasi turun secara drastis. Berdasarkan PPA (1981) populasi beo nias di Pulau Nias sekitar 5000 ekor dan selanjutnya hasil survey Thohari, dkk. (1996) populasi beo nias di Pulau Nias bagian Selatan berkisar 50 80 ekor. Selain itu gangguan terhadap habitat berupa perambahan hutan yang mengakibatkan hilang atau rusaknya pohon pakan dan pohon sarang beo nias. Secara umum hutan merupakan habitat beo nias, untuk mengetahui keterkaitan kemampuan hutan dalam mendukung kehidupan beo nias, maka dilakukan pengkajian terhadap kondisi habitat beo nias. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Simuk Kecamatan Pulau- Pulau Batu Kabupaten Nias selama 2 bulan, mulai dari Bulan September sampai dengan November 1996. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui: kondisi habitat beo nias, karakteristik pohon sarang, karakteristik habitat untuk mencari makan beo nias serta potensi pakan dan sarang. ...
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Judul: Development of vegetable oil-based zincdifattyalkyldithiocarbamate lubricant additive production process
Abstrak: Dithiocarbamate is an organosulfur compound which has many functions and applications in the various industries. In the field of automotive and metal working, these compounds are used as additives lubricants, in agriculture as pesticides, in pharmaceuticals as an antioxidant. In this study, we synthesized Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates compounds using materials which were derived from vegetable oil. Furthermore, performance test of the synthesized product as antioxidant and antiwear-antifriction in lubrication system was carried out. Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes were synthesized by reacting primary fatty amines with acyl chlorides formed secondary fatty amides, continued with reducing the corresponding product to secondary fatty amines using LiAlH4, and finally secondary fatty amines were reacting with ZnCl2 and CS2, to formed Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates. Each corresponding of product were successfully synthesized with range of yield were 10 to 87, 17 to 96, and 77 to 87% respectively. The synthesis of primary fatty amines to secondary fatty amides, secondary fatty amides to secondary fatty amines, and secondary fatty amines to Zincdifattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes were evaluated from fourier transformation infra red (FTIR) spectrum quality with the wave number of 3300 cm-1 for NH vibration, 1639 cm-1 for C=O vibration, 1454 cm-1 for tioureida C-N vibration, 968 cm-1 for C-S vibration, and in the far infra-red area with the wave number of 387 cm-1 that showed the maximum absorption of M-S bond (sulfur metal). Besides using the FTIR spectrum, Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes formation were also evaluated by Zinc-recovery test using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and conformity purity test using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All variants of Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates synthesized were done using rancimat test method and four ball test method to determine the antioxidant activity and antiwear-antifriction activity. At the same concentration of 125 ppm, all variants of product showed the antioxidant activity higher than the BHA, BHT, and commercial additives control. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained by three variants of the Zinc-bis(dilauryl)dithiocarbamate, Zincbis( laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate, and Zinc-bis(laurylstearyl)dithiocarbamate. At the same concentration of 1.2%, all variants of product showed the welding point higher than the lube base oil HVI 60 as base lubricants, and US Steel 136 as extreme pressure standard additive, but only Zincbis( laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate and Zinc-bis(lauryloleyl)dithiocarbamate showed load wear index higher than both of these base lubricants and standard. Zinc-bis(laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate was the best of antioxidant and antiwearantifriction additive compared to others homologous compounds of product. Conversion of crude palm oil to palmityc acid, palmytic acid to hexadecylamine, and hexadecylamine to Zinc-bis(laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate additive can increase the value of the product. With assumption, the cost of raw material as Rp.8.520,-/kg and the product value Rp.1.210.000,-/kg, therefore industry will able to generate added value with Rp.8.135,-/kg, and Rp.6.290,-/kg of company profit.
Keyword: fattyamines, fattyamides, Zn-difattyalkildihtiocarbamates, antioxidant, antiwear-antifriction, added value, Vegetable Oil