Judul: Comparison of Long Call and Lookback Straddle Strategies in Hedging Nickel Price using Lookback Options
Abstrak: Peningkatan produksi alat elektronik dengan konsep portabel menyebabkan produsen harus menyiapkan strategi dalam menghadapi kenaikan harga barang baku. Nikel yang merupakan salah satu bahan baku pembuatan barang elektronik dengan konsep portabel memiliki tingkat fluktuasi yang tinggi, sehingga diperlukan strategi untuk melindungi nilainya. Lindung nilai nikel menggunakan opsi lookback memungkinkan pemegang kontrak untuk membeli nikel dengan harga terendah selama jangka waktu kontrak berlangsung. Penelitian ini membandingkan strategi long call dan lookback straddle dalam menghadapi kenaikan harga nikel. Biaya untuk strategi lookback straddle cenderung lebih besar ketika terjadi kenaikan harga. Strategi long call dipilih sebagai strategi terbaik dalam menghadapi kenaikan harga nikel karena menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih besar daripada strategi lookback stradle, The increase in the production of portable electronic devices has forced manufacturers to prepare a strategy to deal with rising prices of raw goods. Nickel, which is one of the raw materials for making electronic goods with a portable concept, has a high level of fluctuation, so a strategy is needed to protect its value. Nickel hedging using the lookback option allows the contract holder to buy nickel at the lowest price during the contract period. This study compares the long call and lookback straddle strategies in dealing with rising nickel prices. The costs for the lookback straddle strategy tend to be more expensive when prices increase. The long call strategy was chosen as the best strategy in dealing with rising nickel prices because it generates greater profits than the straddle lookback strategy.
Keyword: nikel, opsi lookback, long call, lookback straddle, nickel, lookback option

Judul: Comparison of Binary Option Prices on Nickel Futures Contracts using Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo Methods
Abstrak: Investasi dalam komoditas seperti nikel memiliki potensi ekonomi yang signifikan, terutama mengingat peran vital nikel dalam industri baja tahan karat dan baterai lithium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan harga opsi biner pada kontrak berjangka nikel menggunakan metode Monte Carlo dan Kuasi Monte Carlo. Metode Monte Carlo dan Kuasi Monte Carlo dengan barisan kuasi acak Van der Corput dan Sobol digunakan untuk menghitung harga opsi biner asset-or-nothing. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa metode Kuasi Monte Carlo memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat dengan galat relatif yang lebih kecil dibandingkan metode Monte Carlo, terutama pada barisan kuasi acak Sobol. Dengan semakin banyaknya simulasi, kedua metode semakin mendekati nilai analitik, namun Kuasi Monte Carlo menunjukkan konvergensi yang lebih cepat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa metode Kuasi Monte Carlo lebih efektif dalam menghitung harga opsi biner, yang dapat mengurangi waktu komputasi dan meningkatkan akurasi prediksi harga., Investment in commodities such as nickel has significant economic potential, particularly due to nickel's vital role in the stainless steel and lithium battery industries. This study aims to compare binary option pricing on nickel futures contracts using Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo methods. Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo methods with Van der Corput and Sobol quasi-random sequences were used to calculate the asset-or-nothing binary option prices. The simulation results show that the Quasi Monte Carlo method provides more accurate results with smaller relative errors compared to the Monte Carlo method, especially with the Sobol quasi-random sequence. As the number of simulations increases, both methods approach the analytical values, but Quasi Monte Carlo shows faster convergence. These findings indicate that the Quasi Monte Carlo method is more effective in pricing binary options, which can reduce computation time and improve price prediction accuracy.
Keyword: Monte Carlo, binary option pricing, futures contracts, nickel commodity, Quasi-Monte Carlo, harga opsi biner, komoditas nikel, kontrak berjangka, Kuasi Monte Carlo

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology