Judul: Pengasuhan Sosial Bermain Dan Kecerdasan Emosional (EQ) Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun Di TK Kemuning Dan TK Kartika III-36 Bogor
Abstrak: Tujuan umum penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengasuhan sosial bermain serta hubungannya dengan kecerdasan emosional (EQ) anak usia 5-6 tahun. Tujuan khususnya adaIah : (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik sosial ekonomi keluarga (besar keluarga, pendidikan orang tua, pendapatan keluarga, status kerj a ibu ); karakteristik anak (jenis kelamin dan posisi anak) usia 5-6 tahun; (2) mengetahui pengasuhan sosial bermain anak usia 5-6 tahun; (3) mengetahui kecerdasan emosional (EQ) anak usia 5-6 tahun; (4) menganalisis hubungan karakteristik sosial ekonomi keluarga dan karakteristik anak dengan pengasuhan sosial bermain anak usia 5-6 tahun serta (5) menganalisis hubungan pengasuhan sosial bermain dengan kscerdasan emosional (EQ) anak usia 5-6 tahun.
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Judul: Nilai-nilai Keluarga, Kecerdasan Emosional (EQ) Anak, dan Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhinya (Kasus di SDN Kotamadya Bogor)
Abstrak: Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai-nilai keluarga (family values) dan pengaruhnya terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak usia sekolah. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan faktor sosial ekonomi, faktor karakteristik keluarga, nilai-nilai keluarga dan kecerdasan emosional (EQ) anak antara tiga kelompok sekolah berdasarkm status sosial ekonomi (kelompok I, II dan III), mengetahui pengasuh faktor sosial ekonomi keluarga dan faktor karakteristik keluarga terhadap nilai-nilai keluarga dan mengetahui pengaruh nilai-nilai keluarga, faktor sosial ekonomi dan faktor karakteristik keluarga terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak usia sekolah.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable