Judul: Model Dinamika Sistem Agroindustri Kakao di Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the largest cocoa producer in the world, however, production of processed cocoa is still very low and the cocoa processing industry did not develop. This study aims to: develop a system dynamic model of cocoa agro-industry, analyze the impact of Gernas kakao and cocoa export tax policy achievement on cocoa downstream industry performance and farmers’ revenue, and develop policy alternatives for the development cocoa downstream industry and increasing farmers’ revenue. This study used system dynamic model approach. The cocoa agroindustry system dynamics model that has developed can illustrate the cocoa agoindustry system properly. The analysis showed that behavior of the cocoa processing industry’s ability to absorb the production of cocoa bean during the analysis period (2008 - 2025) in the actual conditions had a declining trend. The share of volume and value of processed cocoa products export and farmers’ revenue showed declining trend too. Gernas kakao and export tax policy simultaneously can increase the industry capacity to absorb domestic production of cocoa beans. The policies are also able to increase the share of volume and value of processed cocoa export. However, the policies are only able to raise the revenue of farmers who join the Gernas kakao policy, while who do not follow the program have revenue levels lower than actual conditions. Thus, Gernas kakao and export tax policies are more likely had positive impact on the processing industry, but had a negative impact to the farmers who are not involved in the Gernas kakao policy. Policy alternatives with scenario 8 could encourage the development of cocoa agro-industry as a whole system better than the other scenarios. Therefore, alternative policies should be implemented by the government to develop cocoa agro-industry are: continue to implement the Gernas kakao policy; increase productivity and quality of smallholders cocoa plantation which was not involved in the Gernas kakao policy; eliminate cocoa exports tax policy, but the government must be provide fiscal and monetary incentives to the processing industry and improve the business climate to encourage the growth of the cocoa processing industry.
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Judul: Dampak perubahan faktor ekonomi internal dan eksternal terhadap kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen kakao di Indonesia
Abstrak: Kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan Indonesia dari subsektor perkebunan yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan. Produksi kakao di Indonesia besar namun kualitas kakao yang dihasilkan kurang baik. Pasca diterapkannya Peraturan Menteri Keuangan No. 67/PMK.011/2010 tentang penetapan barang ekspor yang dikenakan bea keluar dan tarif bea keluar menyebabkan jumlah industri domestik meningkat, sehingga permintaan kakao meningkat. Guna memenuhi permintaan kakao yang semakin meningkat, maka dilakukan impor kakao yang memiliki kualitas baik. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis: (1) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi penawaran, permintaan, dan harga kakao di Indonesia; (2) dampak perubahan faktor ekonomi internal dan eksternal terhadap penawaran, permintaan, dan harga kakao di Indonesia; dan (3) dampak perubahan faktor ekonomi internal dan eksternal terhadap kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen kakao di Indonesia. Model perdagangan kakao Indonesia dibangun sebagai sistem persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari 22 persamaan (14 persamaan struktural dan 8 persamaan identitas) dan diestimasi menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS) dengan data time series tahun 1990-2013. Kombinasi penerapan pajak ekspor kakao 15 persen dan peningkatan harga kakao di tingkat petani sebesar 10 persen meningkatkan kesejahteraan produsen, kesejahteraan konsumen, dan penerimaan pemerintah sehingga menghasilkan kesejahteraan nasional terbesar. Oleh karena itu, guna menghasilkan kesejahteraan nasional terbesar maka disarankan mengkombinasikan penerapan pajak ekspor kakao 15 persen dan peningkatan harga kakao di tingkat petani sebesar 10 persen sebagai insentif bagi produsen kakao untuk melakukan fermentasi sehingga menghasilkan kakao berkualitas baik.
Keyword: price, cocoa, consumers welfare, producers welfare, export tax

Judul: Separation of Neodymium from U3Si2/Al Fuel Plate for Burn-Up Determination
Abstrak: Neodymium is a common fission product produced in nuclear fission reactions. Neodymium in this study was chosen as a burn-up indicator for U3Si2/Al fuel element plates because the neodymium isotope is a stable fission product with a fairly high yield. Some procedures were carried out to separate neodymium, starting with the separation of cesium isotopes (137Cs, 134Cs) through the precipitation method, then separation of uranium isotopes (235U, 238U) and plutonium isotopes (239Pu, 238Pu) with Dowex 1x8 ion exchange resin, and separation of neodymium (Nd), samarium (Sm), as well as cerium (Ce) with Dowex 1x4 ion exchange resin. The Cs recovery reached 99.95%. The U and Pu isotopes resulting from the separation are subjected to an electrodeposition process and the weight of each isotope can be measured with an alpha spectrometer. The separation results of Nd from Sm and Ce have been proven using an XRF spectrometer. The neodymium isotopes separation was corrected using the standard addition method, and an average total Nd content of 2.4 ppm was obtained in the PEB U3Si2/Al bottom solution. It is hoped that this separation method can be applied in determining burn-up of nuclear fuel.
Keyword: neodymium, burn-up indicator, U3Si2/Al fuel plate