Judul: Optimalisasi hasil ekstraksi dna dari darah segar sapi menggunakan high salt method dengan perbandingan darah dan lisis buffer pada kecepatan sentrifugasi berbeda
Abstrak: Deoxyribonucleic acid is genetic materials that inherited from one generation to next generation. DNA can be obtained from all body parts of animal, such as tissue and blood. Blood is one of DNA sources that is usually used because of its simple collection. There are several methods to extract DNA, one of which is a high salt method that used in this experiment. The aim of this experiment was to determine the optimal combination of whole blood and buffer lysis ratio at different centrifugation speed (rpm) to obtain optimal DNA products with high quality. Fresh whole blood of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattle was collected by using a vacuum tube containing 15% EDTA with a 18G needle to suck the blood from tail vena with amount of ± 9 ml per head. The whole blood was collected from four FH cows. A 3x2 factorial completely random design was used in this experiment. The first factor was three combinations of whole blood and buffer lysis volume (ml), which was 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. The second factor was centrifugation speed, i.e. 2,500 rpm and 3,500 rpm. Therefore, there were six combination treatments with four replications of each combination treatment. Data of DNA concentration and purity was observed from Genequant DNA calculator at 260 Å and 280 Å wave length. The quality of DNA was obtained from running DNA through electrophorosis of 0.8% gel agarose and electricity flow of 100 voltages for an hour. The DNA concentration and purity were analyzed by ANOVA. The differences among treatments were tested by Tukey test at = 0.05. The result showed that there was no significant effect of whole blood and buffer lysis combination on DNA concentration and purity. Centrifugation speed had a significant effect on DNA concentration (P<0.05) but did not affect their purity. DNA quality was good because it had a single band. Keywords: blood, DNA, centrifugation speed, lysis buffer, high salt method, cow
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Judul: Pengaruh Perbandingan Volume Darah dan Lisis Buffer serta Kecepatan Sentrifugasi Terhadap Kualitas Produk DNA pada Sapi Friesian Holstein (FH)
Abstrak: Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) is smallest part (molecule) of a cell in the form of a long chain that carries genetic information and controlling all cellular functional in all life form. The DNA can be obtained by extracting tissue or fresh whole blood of animal. There are several methods of DNA extraction, one of which is phenol-choroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCI) that used in this research. The aim of this research was to determine the best combination of fresh blood and buffer lysis with two differences of spinning speed on DNA quantity and quality. The fresh whole blood of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattle was collected using a vacuum tube (vacutainer) containing 15% EDTA with a 18G needle to suck the blood of tail vena with the amount of ±5 ml per head. A 3x2 factorial completely random design was used. First factor was three combinations of fresh whole blood and buffer lysis volume (μl), i.e., 100 : 800, 200 : 700, and 300 : 600. Second factor was spinning speeds, i.e., 10.000 rpm and 12.000 rpm. There were 6 combination treatments used in this research which replicated 4 times of each treatment. Data of DNA concentration was collected by a GeneQuant DNA calculator at the 260 nm and 280 nm wave length of optical density (OD). The quality of DNA was obtained by running the DNA through electrophoresis with 1% gel agarose and electricity flow of 100 voltage for an hour. The DNA purity was examined at OD 260/280 ratios. DNA concentration and purity were analyzed by using ANOVA, the differences between theatments were tested by tukey test at the level of 5% (p<0.05). The result showed that there was no significant effect of combination of fresh blood and buffer lysis at both spinning speeds (p>0.05). The highest DNA concentration was obtained from the treatment of ratio of 300 μl blood and 600 μl buffer lysis. The DNA concentration tended to increase with the increase of blood volume. The DNA purity was obtained at the ratio of 1.3 (260/280) meaning that the DNA was a slighty contaminated by the chemical used. A ratio of 1.8 is the optimal purity of DNA. The DNA quality linearly correlated to DNA concentration and showed a single band. Keywords: blood, DNA extraction, phenol-choroform-isoamyl alcohol (PCI), buffer lysis, spinning speed
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf