Judul: Kaji banding dua teknik pengemasan menggunakan tiga pengencer untuk pembekuan semen sapi FH(Frisien Holstein)
Abstrak: Ollaran Persentase sperma motil (% SM) dan sperma hidup (% SH) pasca thawing digunakan sebagai kriteria penilaian keberhasilan pembekuan semen sapi FH (Frisien Holstein) menggunakan tiga macam pengencer dan dua kemasan yang berbeda. Lima belas ejakulat dari tiga ekor sapi FH dibekukan menggunakan tiga macam pengencer, tris kuning telur (TKT), home made triladyl (HMT) dan androMed, pengencer yang mengandung lesitin kacang kedelai (KK), masing- masing dikemas dalam minitub 0.3 mL and straw Cassou 0.25 mL. Sampel di ekuilibrasi selama empat jam pada temperatur 5°C kemudian dibekukan dalam uap nitrogen cair selama 10 menit. Hasil pasca thawing menunjukkan %SM dan %SH pada pengencer KK (56.28; 74.22) lebih tinggi (P<0.05) dibandingkan HMT (47.60; 65.93) dan TKT (48.74; 69.63). Tidak ada perbedaan kualitas pada teknik pengemasan dengan SM dan SH masing-masing adalah 52.16; 69.4% (minitub) dan 49.59; 70.44% (Cassou). Persentase SH pada KK minitub (72.76±10.83) dan KK Cassou (75.67±8.1) menunjukkan hasil yang sama lebih baik dibandingkan kombinasi lainnya. Persentase SM pada KK minitub (57.9±7.81) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan KK Cassou atau kombinasi lainnya.
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Judul: Kaji Banding Kualitas Semen Beku Sapi FH (Friesian holstein) Menggunakan Pengencer dari Berbagai Balai Inseminasi Buatan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kualitas semen beku sapi FH serta nilai ekonomi dengan menggunakan bahan pengencer semen yang dipakai oleh beberapa BIB di Indonesia. Semen berasal dari tiga ekor sapi jantan sebanyak 16 ejakulat dikoleksi menggunakan vagina buatan dua kali seminggu. Semen yang didapat dievaluasi dan diencerkan dengan empat jenis bahan pengencer yaitu pengencer BIB I, BIB II, pengencer paten AndroMed® (A) dan tris kuning telur resep FKH IPB (TF). Pengamatan dilakukan pada saat semen segar, pasca pengenceran, pasca ekuilibrasi dan pasca thawing. Variabel yang diamati meliputi persentase sperma motil, persentase sperma hidup dan persentase spenna abnormal. Data yang terkompilasi diolah menggunakan program statistical analysis system (SAS) versi 6.12. Hasil penelitian persentase sperma motil pasca pengenceran dan pasca ekuilibrasi menunjukkan perbedaan yang sangat nyata (P<0.01). Pengencer BIB II lebih rendah dibandingkan pengencer lain. Sedangkan pada pasca thawing persentase sperma motil berbeda sangat nyata (P<0.01) antar bahan pengencer, dengan sperma motil tertinggi adalah pengencer A ( 57.90%); BIB I (52.09%); TF (46.36%) dan BIB II (26.09%). Pengaruh pengencer terhadap persentase sperma hidup barn terlihat pada pasca ekuilibrasi, dimana BIB II nyata paling rendah dibandingkan ketiga pengencer yang lain. Pasca thawing menunjukkan hasil yang sangat berbeda nyata (P<0.01) antar keempat pengencer, dengan sperma hidup tertinggi terdapat pada pengencer A (72.76%); BIB I (69.77 %); TF (64.05%) dan BIB II (51.28%). Persentase sperma abnormal yang paling tinggi nyata terdapat pada pengencer A (6.98%) dan persentase sperma abnormal terendah terdapat pada pengencer TF ( 4. 78% ). Berdasarkan penghitungan bahan yang digunakan untuk produksi semen beku, harga satu dosis masing-masing pengencer adalah BIB I (Rp. 1 158.17 ); A (Rp. 715.00); TF (Rp. 671.35 ) dan BIB II (Rp. 653.52). Dari basil penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengencer A mempunyai kualitas semen pasca thawing terbaik dengan harga yang sedang.
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Judul: Model Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Perkotaan Berdasarkan Geografi Ekonomi
Abstrak: In economic activity, economic growth means increasing production of goods and services. Economic geography is economic system with respect to spatial dimension. Rapid economic development and structural changes such as rents, residential area, and transportation systems are indicators of progressivity of a country and its economics. A country is said to progress when the production rate of goods and services are increasing, then the volume of goods and services produced are also increasing from time to time. Neoclassical theory of economic growth depends on the increased the supply of factors of production and the rate of technological progress. The production factors are labor and capital. Domar in 1948 stated that production output is a function of capital. As a result, labor is always combined with capital on fixed proportion. Solow in 1956 added labour as one of the variables of production function. This study aims to examine the dynamics of urban growth model based on economic geography, i.e. study of the economic system based on the location and geographical conditions. The urban economic growth model considers the urban area to be divided into two areas, namely residential area and central business district. Urban area is assumed to have centralized workforce and multi sector economic system. The main economic activity in the central business district is production. On the other hand, consumption and saving activities are carried out in the residential area. More over people need to travel from residential area to the business district in their economic activities. This study will also examine the equilibrium solutions of the model and then give simulation on the model. The results of theoretical study show that the dynamic system of urban economic growth model is formulated in the form of linear system of first order differential equations. The variables which determine economic growth are the accumulation of capital and labor inputs. The equilibrium of these variables can be determined. Capital accumulation shows a pattern that follows an exponential function. Simulation study give the following results. The characteristics of urban economic growth are confirmed by the fact that when the elasticity of the urban industrial sector capital increases, then production output of the two sectors, both industrial and service sector, are increased. The industrial production increases sharply, while the service sector production output is relatively stagnant and then increased with a slower rate compared to the industrial sector. Increased elasticity of capital in industrial sector also tends to increase the income of urban residents, the labor wages, and the capital of both sectors. However, housing consumption tends to fall with increases in industrial sector capital elasticity. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate the spatial and temporal changes in urban land rental values tend to decrease with increasing distance from the central business district and increasing time. Highest land rent is in a location that has the shortest distance to the central business district. The simulations also show increase in consumption following the increase in distance from the central business district. This suggests that the further away from the business district, the more people who rent or buy housing.
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