Judul: Economic Loss Estimationes Due to COVID-19 on Geopark Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Tourism
Abstrak: World Health Organization (WHO) telah menetapkan status gawat darurat global untuk pandemi COVID-19. Berbagai macam kebijakan Pemerintah dikeluarkan, salah satunya yaitu penutupan aktivitas wisata. Salah satu lokasi wisata yang ditutup adalah Geopark Ciletuh Palabuhanratu. Kerugian ekonomi yang terjadi tidak hanya pada penerimaan pengelola tempat wisata, tetapi juga mempengaruhi pelaku usaha disekitar tempat wisata. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) menghitung penurunan wisatawan akibat COVID-19 di Geopark Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu, (2) mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi yang disebabkan COVID-19 terhadap pariwisata di Geopark Ciletuh-Palabuhanratu, (3) mengidentifikasi risiko akibat COVID-19 terhadap pariwisata Geopark Ciletuh- Palabuhanratu, (4) mengidentifikasi langkah dan strategi pengelola dalam upaya pemulihan pariwisata Geopark Ciletuh Palabuhanratu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode loss of earning, penilaian risiko (risk assessment), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penurunan wisatawan mencapai 2.476.158 kunjungan atau 78,8 persen. Kerugian ekonomi di tempat wisata sebesar Rp 13,05 miliar, hotel/penginapan sebesar Rp 10,1 miliar, sedangkan restoran/rumah makan sebesar 16,3 miliar. Penilaian risiko COVID-19 pada sektor perhotelan/penginapan memiliki empat kelas risiko tinggi dengan mitigasi yang harus dilakukan pengelola risiko sebagian besar berhubungan dengan penerapan protokol kesehatan guna mengurangi penyebaran COVID-19 di lokasi. Langkah dan strategi pemulihan pariwisata yang direkomendasikan yaitu “Wisata Ramah COVID-19” dengan tujuan menciptakan destinasi wisata yang nyaman serta aman saat berwisata., The World Health Organization (WHO) has declared a global emergency status for the COVID-19 pandemic. Various government policies have been issued, one of which is the closure of the tourism activities. On of the closed tourism destination is Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark tourism. Economic losses that occur not only in tourism manager income, but also affect the business actors around tourist attractions. The aim of this research are: (1) to calculate the decrease in tourist due to COVID-19 on Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark tourism, (2) to estimate the value of economic losses caused by COVID-19 to Geopark tourism in Ciletuh Palabuhanratu, (3) to identify risk due to COVID-19 on Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark tourism, (4) to identify management steps and strategies in efforts to recovery tourism in Ciletuh Palabuhanratu Geopark. This research uses the Loss of Earning method, risk assessment, and descriptive analysis. The results of this research indicate that decrease in tourists by 2.476.158 visits or 78,8 percent. The economic losses in tourist attractions are IDR 13,05 billion, hotels are IDR 10,1 billion, while restaurants are IDR 16,3 billion. The COVID-19 risk assessment in the hotel sector has four high risk classes with the mitigation that should be done by risk managers, mostly related to the implementation of health protocols to reduce the spread of COVID-19 in locations. The recommended steps and strategies for tourism recoveries are “Wisata Ramah COVID-19” program with the aim of creating comfortable and safe tourist destinations while traveling.
Keyword: Loss of Earning, Risk Assessment, Tourism Decrease

Judul: Estimasi Kerugian Ekonomi Akibat Covid-19 Terhadap Kunjungan Wisatawan Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Tahun 2020 tepat di bulan Maret terjadi penurunan kunjungan wisatawan ke Kota Bogor karena pandemi Covid-19 dan dampak dari kebijakan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar). Situasi ketidakpastian di sektor pariwisata yang muncul akibat Covid-19 harus segera diselesaikan melalui mitigasi dan alokasi risiko. Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 juga memukul pelaku usaha di sektor pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengestimasi penurunan kunjungan wisatawan di Kota Bogor akibat adanya Covid-19 (2) Mengestimasi besar kerugian ekonomi pariwisata akibat adanya Covid-19 di Kota Bogor (3) Mengidentifikasi risiko terhadap pariwisata akibat Covid-19 di Kota Bogor (4) Mengidentifikasi langkah dan strategi yang dilakukan dalam pemulihan pariwisata di Kota Bogor. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendapatan yang hilang, penilaian risiko, dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebabkan penurunan penerimaan sektor pariwisata pada objek wisata, restoran dan hotel. Risiko dengan kelas risiko tinggi adalah kategori risiko permintaan dan kelas risiko menengah pada kebijakan pemerintah dengan semua sub kategori. Langkah yang diambil untuk pemulihan pariwisata adalah meyakinkan bahwasanya pelaku usaha industri pariwisata dan pemerintah sudah mengaplikasikan standar keamanan serta kesehatan yang memadai., In March 2020 there was a decline in tourist visits to Bogor City due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) policy. The situation of uncertainty in the tourism sector that has arisen due to Covid-19 must be solved immediately by means of mitigation and risk allocation. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has also hit businesses in the tourism sector. This study aims to: (1) Estimate the decline in tourist visitor in Bogor City due to Covid-19 (2) Estimate the economic loss of tourism sector due to Covid-19 in Bogor City (3) Identify risks to tourism due to Covid-19 in Bogor City (4) Identify management steps and strategies in efforts to recovery tourism in Bogor City. This research uses the loss of earnings method, risk assessment, and descriptive analysis. The results of this study showed the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a decline in revenue in the tourism sector at tourism objects, restaurants and hotels. The risk with high risk class is the demand risk category and the medium risk class on government policies with all sub categories. The effort should be tourism recovery are to provide assurance that the government and tourism industry have implemented health and safety standards.
Keyword: descriptive analysis, loss of earnings, risk assessment

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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