Judul: Populasi Aspergillus flavus dan Kandungan Aflatoksin B1 pada Biji Kacang Tanah Mentah dan Produk Olahannya di Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kotamadya Bogor
Abstrak: This study was a survey to get information on the population of A. flavus and aflatoxin B1 content of raw peanut kernels collected randomly from retailers in two traditional markets (Pasar Anyar and Pasar Bogor) and five processed peanut products collected from retailers in Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Municipality of Bogor. Physical quality of peanut kernels was only determined in raw peanut kernel samples. A total of 155 samples were collected. They consisted of 26 samples of raw peanut kernels and 129 samples of processed peanut products. As much as 14 and 12 samples of raw peanut kernels were collected from Pasar Anyar and Pasar Bogor, respectively. Processed peanut product samples consisted of roasted peanuts with skin pod (33 samples), flour-coated peanuts (33), siomay sauce (18), pecel/gado-gado sauce (33), and sate sauce (12). The highest percentage of intact kernels (70.6%) and the lowest percentage of damaged kernels (17.1%) were found in raw peanut kernels collected from Pasar Anyar. The highest percentage of shriveled kernels (12.7%) was found in raw peanut kernels collected from Pasar Bogor. Population of A. flavus in raw peanut kernels was much higher than that of in processed peanut products. Population of A. flavus in raw peanut kernels, roasted peanuts with skin pod, flour-coated peanuts, siomay sauce, pecel/gado-gado sauce, and sate sauce were 4 865.8, 0.3, 0.1, 0.3, 13.2, and 0.4 cfu/g (w. b.), respectively. The aflatoxin B1 content of raw peanut kernels was 43.2 ppb. The highest aflatoxin B1 content of processed peanut products (43.2 ppb) was found in roasted peanuts with skin pod, followed by flour-coated peanuts (34.3), sate sauce (23.2), pecel/gado-gado sauce (17.1), and siomay sauce (4.4).
Keyword: 

Judul: Populasi aspergillus flavus link dan kandungan aflatoksin pada kacang tanah berasal dari beberapa pasar di Bogor
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui populasi A. flavus dan kandungan aflatoksin pada kacang tanah yang dijual di beberapa pasar kota Bogor (Pasar Anyar, Pasar Ramayana dan Pasar Bogor). Disamping itu juga untuk mengetahui beberapa faktor yang ada hubungannya dengan produksi aflatoksin pada kacang tanah yaitu kadar air biji dan kualitas biji. Kacang tanah diperoleh dari pengecer yang menjual dua mutu kacang tanah berdasarkan penampilan dan harga yang ditetapkan oleh penjual. Setiap mutu kacang tanah dibagi menjadi 4 contoh analisis yaitu analisis kualitas biji, analisis kadar air, analisis cendawan dan analisis aflatoksin. Setiap analisis dibedakan menjadi dua kategori yaitu butir utuh dan butir rusak. Untuk analisis cendawan digunakan metode pengenceran dengan Aspergillus Differential Medium (ADM), sedangkan untuk analisis aflatoksin digunakan metode Kromatografi Lapisan Tipis (KLT) dengan limit deteksi 0.5 ng. ...
Keyword: 

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: