Judul: Karakterisasi isolat bakteri penghasil fitase asal kutu jagung (Sitophilus zeamays)
Abstrak: Phytic acid, the main storage form of phosphorus in seed, could not be digested by monogastric animal. The negatively charge phosphate of this compound strongly bind to metallic cations, proteins and polysaccharides making them insoluble and unavailable as nutritional factors. This compound can be hydrolyzed by phytases to released phosphate, inositol and nutrients. In the study about community of corn weevil bacteria some phytase producing bacterial isolates have been isolated. In this study, four of these isolates have been characterized. Morphological and physiological identification using microbactÔ showed that all four isolates have 99% similarity to Serratia rubidaea. Partial amplification of their 16S rRNA gene also showed highest identity to S. rubidaea (84%, 93%, 98%, and 80% respectively for KJ07, KJ13, KJ14, and KJ16). Employing from these result we proposed that all isolates were closely related to S. rubidaea. Using primers for phytase putative gene designed from Escherichia coli phytase, a 1500 bp DNA fragment was amplified. One of these fragments originated from KJ07 was chosen for further analysis. This fragment was cloned in E. coli and sequenced. Sequence analysis indicated that it showed similarity to phosphoenol piruvate protein phospho transferase (89%) and prolipoprotein diacylglycerol transferase (93%). Therefore, this strategy failed to isolate phytase gene from S. rubidaea.
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Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Pengurai Kitin Serangga dan Karakterisasi Enzim Kitinasenya
Abstrak: Rhizobacteria have beneficial effects for plant growth as phytostymulator, biofertilizer, and biocontrol agent. Our previous study showed that rhizobacteria of I.5, I.21, and II.14 isolates produced chitinases. The enzymes could degrade chitin of leaf miner (Aphis gossypi) and white fly (Bemisia tabaci). This research was conducted to identify the bacteria based on 16S r-RNA gene sequences and to characterize protein of chitinase from selected rhizobacteria. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene yielded DNA fragments of 1300 bp for each isolate. Based on sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, I.5 isolate was similar to Bacillus sp. with similarity percentage of 88% and I.21 and II.14 isolates were similar to B. cereus with similarity percentage of 93% and 91% respectively. Zymogram analyses showed that molecular weight of chitinase from I.21 isolate was 145 kDA and 168 kDa. However, no protein bands were showed in zymogram analyses of I.5 and II.14 isolates. Three chitinolytic bacteria have an opportunity to be used as natural biocontrols and bioinsecticides.
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Judul: Measurement of consciousness in dreaming in adults  using lucid scale
Abstrak: Tidur adalah keadaan saat otak tidak mengolah informasi dari neuron sensorik dan tidak memberi perintah ke neuron motorik. Ketika tidur seseorang bermimpi di mana kesadaran berubah karena otak membangun dunia maya dengan gambaran yang nyata dan tidak dapat kita identifikasi sebagai halusinogen. Lucid dream atau mimpi sadar berkaitan dengan peningkatan konektivitas fungsional antara korteks prefrontal dan area asosiasi temporoparietal. Kedua wilayah ini biasanya dinonaktifkan selama tidur dan pengaktifannya menyebabkan lucid dream di mana orang sadar bahwa pengalaman saat ini adalah milik mimpi. Kita dapat mengukur kesadaran dalam bermimpi dengan menggunakan lucid scale. Namun demikian, Voss et al. (2013) tidak menentukan seberapa skala yang menjadi batas apakah seseorang itu lucid dreamer atau bukan. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah seorang lucid dreamer itu mempunyai skala lucidity yang lebih tinggi daripada orang yang non-lucid dreamer. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pada responden dewasa metode pengukuran lucid scale berlaku sebagai indikator lucid dreamer untuk responden laki-laki namun metode ini tidak berlaku untuk responden perempuan. Skala lucidity berkaitan dengan kemampuan penalaran pada laki-laki, tetapi tidak demikian halnya pada perempuan.
Keyword: lucid dream, sleep, lucid scale, reasoning