Judul: Aplikasi Pati Sagu Termodifikasi Heat Moisture Treatment Untuk Pembuatan Bihun Instan
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to obtain the suitable heat moisture treated sago starch with the best characteristics to be applied for instant bihontype noodles production, and to obtain formula and process to produce the best instant bihon-type noodles. Native sago starch was known to have the type-A pasting profile. This type of sago starch was not suitable to make noodles and pasta products. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) modification would change the pasting profile of starch from type-A to type-B which was more suitable to make noodles. The best result of HMT was modified sago starch with 4 hours heating time. Texturizers were used in order to get better textures of bihon-type noodles. Combination of sodium tri poly phosphate and guar gum gave the best characteristics of product. They were applied into the production of bihon-type noodle made of modified sago starch. There were four different compositions of sago starch used to produce bihon-type noodles, i.e.: 100% native sago starch, mixture of 75% native sago starch and 25% modified sago starch, mixture of 50% native sago starch and 50% modified sago starch, and 100% modified sago starch. The results showed that modified sago starch made cooking time became shorter and decreased the hardness and stickiness of bihon-type noodle textures. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the most prefered bihon-type noodles were made from mixture of 50% native sago starch and 50% modified sago starch.
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Judul: Mempelajari Stabilitas Kandungan Pati Resistan Bihun Sagu Termodifikasi Heat-Moisture Treatment dan Aspek Tekno-Ekonomi dari Usaha Kecil Bihun Sagu
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were: (a) to study the resistant starch stability of processed bihon prepared from HMT (Heat-Moisture Treatment) modified sago starch upon cooking process which were boiling and frying, (b) to evaluate the financial and tecnological feasibility study on small scale industry of bihon prepared from HMT sago starch with four options, namely (1) 30% equity (personal funding) – 1 shift, (2) 30% equity– 2 shift, (3) 100% bank loan (credit) – 1 shift, and (4) 100 % bank loan (credit) - 2 shift. Unprocessed (raw) bihon contained 0.73 g RS / g bihon. The RS content increased into 130.79 % upon boiling process and decreased into 95.72 % upon frying process. Different test using one-way anova method showed that there was no significant difference between the two samples’ RS content. The RS content was relatively stable upon the cooking process. This stability achieved from HMT process was likely due to interactions between amylose-amylose and amyloseamylopectin which allowed changes in the granule structure leading to reduced susceptibility of its chain towards amylase hydrolysis. The small-scale industry feasibility study showed that it needed Rp 52.725.000,- for investation capital. The operational capital was about Rp 119.437.967,- for 1 shift production and Rp 229.602.767,- for 2 shifts production. The best option which yielded the highest NPV and IRR was the second option with 30% personal funding and production rate at 2 shifts daily. Its NPV was Rp 163,161,354,- and its IRR was 27 %. It had the fastest payback period in less than a year (0.97 year). This good condition could be achieved because the condition lessened the deffered payment of the loan while the production cost could be reduced by increasing the production capacity. This option had Net B/C value about 1.58 with BEP about Rp 133.032.813,-. According to this feasibility study result, small-scale business of bihon derived from HMT-modified sago starch was likely to be developed, using the second option.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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