Judul: Peran Pemimpin Lokal dan Aksi Kolektif dalam Resiliensi Komunitas Pedesaan Selama Pandemi COVID-19 (Kasus: Sebuah dusun di Kecamatan Belopa, Kabupaten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan)
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 yang telah menyebar hingga ke desa mengharuskan pemerintah dan warga komunitas memiliki kemampuan untuk mengurangi dampak kerugian dari pandemi COVID-19. Peran pemimpin dibutuhkan untuk menggerakkan aksi kolektif dalam membangun resiliensi komunitas selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran pemimpin lokal dan aksi kolektif dalam resiliensi komunitas selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan instrumen kuesioner yang dilengkapi oleh pendekatan kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan observasi. Lokasi penelitian yakni di Dusun Kalobang, Desa Senga Selatan, Kabupaten Luwu, Sulawesi Selatan. Pemilihan responden menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan responden sebanyak 50 orang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingginya tingkat peran pemimpin lokal memiliki hubungan yang kuat dengan tingkat aksi kolektif komunitas pedesaan selama pandemi COVID-19. Sedangkan tingkat aksi kolektif tidak memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat resiliensi komunitas pedesaan selama pandemi COVID-19. Namun, warga komunitas memersepsikan tingkat resiliensi komunitas berada pada kategori tinggi., The COVID-19 pandemic that has spread to villages requires the government and community members to have the ability to reduce the impact of losses from the COVID-19 pandemic. The role of leaders is needed to drive collective action in building community resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of this research to analyze the role of local leaders and collective action in community resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research uses a quantitative approach with questionnaire instruments equipped with a qualitative approach with in-depth interviews and observations. The research location is in Dusun Kalobang, South Senga Village, Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. The selection of respondents used a simple random sampling technique with 50 respondents. The results showed that the high level of role local leaders has a strong relationship with the level of collective action rural communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the level of collective action has not relation to the level of resilience rural communities during the COVID-19 pandemic. However, community perceive the level of community resilience as being in the high category.
Keyword: collective action, community resilience, COVID-19 pandemic, local leaders

Judul: The Role of Leaders in Collective Action for the Poor Urban Communities during the Covid-19 Pandemic (Case: An RW in West Bogor District, Bogor City, West Java)
Abstrak: Wabah pandemi Covid-19 sebagai bencana non alam menjadi faktor risiko bagi masyarakat terlebih bagi komunitas miskin. Upaya untuk mencegah serta menanggulangi pandemi Covid-19 ini perlu didukung dengan aksi bersama komunitas serta didorong oleh kepemimpinan yang kuat. Peranan kepemimpinan dalam mengelola bencana selama dan setelah situasi krisis dapat mendorong komunitas berperan aktif dan tangguh di masa pandemi melalui penguatan aksi kolektif. Penelitian ini menganalisis peran pemimpin pada aksi kolektif komunitas miskin perkotaan di masa pandemi Covid-19. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode survei pada 60 responden yang diperkuat dengan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan antara peran pemimpin dengan tingginya tingkat aksi kolektif pada komunitas miskin perkotaan selama Pandemi Covid-19. Pemimpin yang dinilai mampu menggerakkan warga komunitas untuk berpartisipasi aktif pada setiap aksi kolektif selama masa pandemi Covid-19 adalah tokoh Ketua RW, The Covid-19 pandemic as a non-natural disaster is a risk factor for the community, especially for the poor. Efforts to prevent and overcome the Covid-19 pandemic need to be supported by joint community action and strong leadership. The leadership role in managing disasters during and after crisis situations can encourage active and resilient communities during a pandemic through supportive collective action. This study analyzes the role of leaders in the collective action of urban poor communities during the Covid-19 pandemic. Data was collected using a survey method on 60 respondents who conducted interviews. The results showed that the relationship between the role of leaders and the level of collective action in urban poor communities was significant during the Covid-19 pandemic. The leader who is considered capable of mobilizing the community to actively participate in every joint action during the Covid-19 pandemic is the leader of the RW
Keyword: collective action, poor communities, the role of leaders

Judul: Apatite Growth Optimation on Chicken Mucouse by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Characterization
Abstrak: Some experiment had been conducted to grow apatite from supersaturated solution of calcium phosphate ions on chicken mucouse. The calcium and phosphate ions were originated from Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2HPO4. Carbonate ions from (NH4)2CO3 was also used as starting solution. Experiment was carried out within about 5 hours at temperature 370 C and pH 7. Value of Ca+ : PO4 3- was 1.67, while molar ratio of CO3 2- : PO4 3- was 0.5 : 1. Molarity of molar ratio CO3 2- : PO4 3- variated approximately 0.15 : 0.30, 0.51 : 1.02, and 0.90 : 1.80. Mass of mucouse powder was constant 0.75 gram. The analysis result of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed that the precipitation was apatite carbonate type A and B. In these experiment it was found out that the mucouse reduce the crystallinity of apatite precipitant, and the growth of apatite crystal was optimum at solution with molar ratio CO3 2- : PO4 3- about 0.15 : 0.30.
Keyword: