Judul: Kajian Potensi Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman Herbal sebagai Anti Asam Urat dan Aktivitas Inhibisinya terhadap Xantina Oksidase
Abstrak: Artritis gout (asam urat) adalah penyakit gangguan sendi. Pencegahan gout dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan obat-obatan yang bekerja langsung pada enzim yang berperan meningkatkan kadar asam urat yaitu xantina oksidase. Penghambatan xantina oksidase terjadi oleh alopurinol. Penelitian bertujuan meninjau berbagai tulisan mengenai potensi beberapa ekstrak tanaman herbal sebagai inhibisi terhadap xantina oksidase untuk mengetahui potensinya sebagai anti gout (asam urat). Metode yang digunakan adalah menelaah pustaka primer berbagai tulisan, berupa jurnal, berita, makalah, skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat beberapa tanaman herbal yang memiliki senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid yang mampu menjadi inhibitor bagi xantina oksidase. Tanaman tersebut di antaranya, sidaguri, tempuyung, daun salam, daun alpukat, daun jarum tujuh bilah, dan keladi candik. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut memiliki potensi yang baik dalam menghambat xantina oksidase. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai aktivitas inhibisinya yang lebih tinggi dari alopurinol, Gout artritis (uric acid) is a disease of joint disorders. Prevention of gout can be done by giving drugs that work directly on enzymes that play a role in increasing uric acid levels, is xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol is inhibited by xanthine oxidase. This study aims to review various articles on the potential of several herbal plant extracts as xanthine oxidase inhibitors to determine their potential as anti-gout. The method used is a literature review for the primary literature of various kinds of writings, in the form of journa ls, news, papers, theses, and dissertations. The results showed that there were several herbal plants that had active compounds such as flavonoids which were able to become inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. These plants include sidaguri, tempuyung, bay leaves, avocado leaves, jarum tujuh bilah leaves, and keladi taro. These plants have good potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This can be seen from the value of its inhibitory activity which is better than alopurinol.
Keyword: gout, alopurinol, herbal plants, inhibition.

Judul: Analisis Fitokimia, Sitotoksik, dan Aktivitas Inhibisi Xantin Oksidase Ekstrak Air dan Etanol Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth)
Abstrak: Penyakit gout merupakan kelainan metabolik yang ditandai oleh meningkatnya konsentrasi asam urat. Enzim yang memiliki peranan penting dalam pembentukan asam urat adalah xantin oksidase, yang mengkatalisis oksidasi hipoxantin dan xantin menjadi asam urat. Suruhan (Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth) merupakan tanaman obat yang biasa digunakan untuk berbagai pengobatan tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji fitokimia, toksisitas terhadap A. salina L, dan aktivitas inhibisi xantin oksidase secara in vitro ekstrak air dan etanol dari suruhan yang dibandingkan dengan alopurinol sebagai kontrol positif. Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada ekstrak air dan etanol suruhan meliputi alkaloid, steroid, tanin, saponin, dan flavonoid. Berdasarkan analisis sitotoksik, ekstrak air dan ekstrak etanol menunjukkan nilai LC50 masing-masing 473.80 ppm dan 276.96 ppm. Ekstrak etanol memiliki daya inhibisi sebesar 32.22%, lebih baik bila dibandingkan ekstrak air sebesar 27.21% pada konsentrasi 150 ppm. Alopurinol memiliki daya inhibisi yang paling besar (32.84%) dibandingkan ekstrak air maupun etanol pada konsentrasi yang sama. Namun dengan nilai persen inhibisi tersebut, ekstrak etanol suruhan dapat dikatakan berpotensi sebagai herba untuk alternatif pengobatan asam urat. Kata kunci : xantin oksidase, asam urat, suruhan, inhibisi
Keyword: Xanthine Oxidase, Gout, Suruhan, Inhibition

Judul: Application of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) as Feature Extraction on Phoneme Recognition with Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) as Classifier
Abstrak: Voice recognition (speech recognition) is one field of study in voice processing. This technology can convert voice signals into a form of written information (text). With this technology, people can interact with a computer. MFCC feature extraction computes the cepstral coefficients by considering the human hearing. This research is a phoneme recognition using feature extraction MFCC and PNN as feature matching model. This study compares the coefficient, overlap, and the test data without noise and with noise. MFCC is used with 13, 20, 26 coefficients and 0%, 25%, 50% overlap. Noise is added by 30 dB, 20 dB and 10 dB. From the comparison of the three overlaps, produced the best accuracy at 50% overlap with an accuracy of 94,71%. From comparing the three coefficients, better accuracy resulting in coefficients of 20 and 26 with an accuracy of 97,12% at 50% overlap. After comparing between the coefficients of 20 and 26 with overlap of 25% then the coefficient 26 is obtained that better accuracy of 94,23%. This shows that in this study the coefficient 26 is the best. In this research, there are three noise variables. The variables are 10 dB, 20 dB, and 30 dB. The best accuracy reached when the noise variable is 30 dB rather than 10 dB or 20 dB because the accuracy has the closest accuracy compared by the accuracy when noise was not added into the data. When the noise variable is 30 dB, the percentage of accuracy is 85,3%.
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