Judul: Aktivitas netralisasi fragmen imunoglobulin Y(IgY) kering beku:Igy anti enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC) sebagai model
Abstrak: Pola fragmentasi dan aktivitas netralisasi IgY Kering Beku setelah didenaturasi oleh enzim, pH dan suhu telah diperiksa untuk memberikan gambaran tentang efektifitas IgY yang digunakan untuk imunisasi pasif peroral dan potensi IgY Kering Beku untuk diolah sebagai komponen bahan pangan. Aktivitas netralisasi diuji dengan teknik enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sedangkan berat molekul fragmen-fragmen IgY dideteksi dengan teknik sodium dodecyl sulphate - poly acrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Pola fragmentasi IgY Kering Beku setelah didenaturasi menghasilkan fragmen rantai L, rantai H dan F(ab). Denaturasi IgY oleh suhu 65 °C dan 70 °C menunjukkan pola fragmentasi yang sama dengan denaturasi tripsin. Aktivitas netralisasi fragmen-fragmen IgY setelah mengalami denaturasi menunjukkan penurunan yang bergantung pada jenis enzim, pH dan lama inkubasi.
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Judul: Efek sistemik pemberian imunoglobulin Y(IgY) anti Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli(EPEC) peroral pada mencit
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keberadaan IgY dalam serum darah mencit dewasa yang telah diberikan IgY peroral. Keberadaan IgY dalam serum darah merupakan indikator bahwa pemberian IgY peroral bukan hanya bekerja lokal pada saluran pencernaan tetapi juga dapat bekerja sistemik dalam darah. IgY merupakan imunoglobulin yang relatif stabil terhadap panas, paparan enzim dan pH saluran pencernaan. Keberadaan IgY dalam serum darah diuji menggunakan metode ELISA. Pada pengujian tidak terdeteksi IgY dalam serum darah mencit. Pada mamalia penyerapan IgG dalam saluran pencernaan dilakukan dengan bantuan reseptor FcyRn. Perbedaan filogenik antara avian dan mamalia menyebabkan IgY tidak dapat melekat pada reseptor FcyRn pada mamalia. Fragmentasi IgY dalam saluran pencernaan menjadi potongan-potongan pendek 9-11 asam amino. IgY merupakan protein berbentuk globuler, adanya paparan enzim proteolitik dan pH saluran pencernaan memungkinkan terjadi perubahan konformasi yang menyebabkan potongan-potongan IgY kehilangan aktifitas netralisasi.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm