Judul: Potential of bacterial simbionts of seagrass as preventing marine Biofouling
Abstrak: Biofouling is defined as the attachment and growth of microorganisms (microbial fouling) and macroorganisms (macrofouling) on solid surface. Biofouling bacteria also result on surface of marine plant seagrass as symbiotic. Bacteria-seagrass association that occur on the surface have been known to produce secondary metabolites that have important ecological roles, including prevention from pathogen infection and fouling organisms. A research aimed at the bacterial symbionts of seagrass Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii and Syringodium isoetifolium as defense marine biofouling was performed. Bacterial symbionts including endophytes and epiphytes were isolated from the seagrass. Marine biofilm-forming bacteria had been isolated from the fiber and wooden panels from the surrounding colonies. Epiphyte isolate found more than endophyte isolate, however more biological activity was found among endophyte compare to epiphyte against biofilm-forming bacteria. Bacterial endophyte inhibited more biofilm-forming bacteria than epiphyte. Extract endophytes and epiphytes bacteria also inhabited biofilm-forming bacteria. Field experimental of extract bacteria show that extract of two bacteria spesies cannot obtained fouling organisms identified as Virgibacillus genus and one identified as Bacillus genus. Bacterial symbionts of seagrass in this experiment show potential source as natural marine antifouling.
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Judul: Potensi Lamun Jenis Enhalus acoroides dan Thalassia hemprichii Dari Pulau Pramuka, DKI Jakarta Sebagai Bioantifouling
Abstrak: Biochemically, seagrass has natural antifouling compounds potential to substitute harmful compund of TBT (tributhyl tin) in the antifouling paint. The aim of this study was to explore potential seagrass as bioantifouling materials. Particulary of Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides extraction was performed using two solvents: methanol (polar) and n-hexane (non-polar). The results showed that extracts of Thalassia hemprichii and Enhalus acoroides contains flavonoids, a chemical compound potential as bioantifouling. Based on toxicity tests using Brain Shrimp Lethal Toxic (BSLT) method, methanol extract of Enhalus acoroides was more toxic (5.74 ppm) than n-hexane extract (1309.42 ppm). Biofilm inhibitory activity assay showed that inhibition performance seagrass extract (200 mg/ml) were weak (1.00 mm) to moderate (5.33mm).
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Judul: Pemodelan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap US Dollar Menggunakan Deret Waktu Hidden Markov Satu Waktu Sebelumnya
Abstrak: Perubahan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dollar dapat terjadi kapan saja dalam suatu periode waktu yang panjang dan perubahan yang terjadi mungkin terjadi kembali di masa mendatang. Jika penyebab kejadiannya tidak diamati secara langsung dan membentuk rantai Markov maka perubahan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dollar dapat dimodelkan dengan deret waktu Hidden Markov. Model yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah model deret waktu Hidden Markov satu waktu sebelumnya di mana nilai tukar Rupiah saat ini selain bergantung pada nilai tukar Rupiah satu waktu sebelumnya, juga bergantung pada faktor penyebab saat ini dan satu waktu sebelumnya. Parameter model diduga menggunakan metode Maximum Likelihood dan perhitungannya digunakan algoritma iteratif Expectation Maximization (EM). Untuk mempermudah proses pendugaan parameter, proses komputasi numerik dilakukan dengan menggunakan software Mathematica 6. Setelah penduga parameter didapatkan maka dapat dihitung nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dollar yang akan datang. Dari hasil yang diperoleh, model deret waktu Hidden Markov satu waktu sebelumnya dapat memodelkan perubahan nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dollar dengan sangat baik. Ini dilihat dari nilai galat maksimum adalah 807,6963 (5,6773 %) dan nilai galat minimum adalah 0,2934 (0,0032 %).
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