Judul: Macroeconomic policy impact on national food security
Abstrak: In general this research aimed to study macroeconomic impact on food security, while special aim is to develop an econometric model which is integrated both macro and micro aspects for Indonesian economy that affect food security, to analyze macroeconomic policy impact on national food security. and to analyze various alternative strategic policy in the future especially in agricultural sector that could improve national food security. The econometric model was developed to set up a connection between macroeconomic policy and food security. The Model was divided into four blocks that is: production, consumption, and indicator outcome for food security and macroeconomic blocks which estimated by using 2 SLS method. 1be validation model result showed that 64 equatimfs or 94 percent have UTheil (U) value below 0.3. The biggest value of U is 0.503. The validation model result also indicated that there are 58 or 85 percent of 68 equations on the model have Mean Percentage Error value below 30 percent, and 51 equations or 75 percent have Root Mean Squares Percentage Error (RMSPE) value below 30 percent Based on that, it is showed in generally that structure and identity equations in this model have good ptediction in historical simulation.
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Judul: The Influence of Macroeconomic Factors  on Food Security in ASEAN-6 Countries Period 2013-2022
Abstrak: Dalam Ilmu ekonomi, sumber daya terbatas digunakan untuk memenuhi keinginan manusia yang tidak terbatas. Ketahanan pangan dibentuk dari empat aspek yaitu keterjangkauan, ketersediaan, kualitas dan keamanan, serta adaptasi dan keberlanjutan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan adalah kondisi makroekonomi suatu negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan kondisi ketahanan pangan dan makroekonomi, serta pengaruh indikator makroekonomi terhadap tingkat ketahanan pangan negara ASEAN-6 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, Viet Nam, Filipina). Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi makroekonomi negara ASEAN-6 berfluktuasi dan ketahanan pangan yang cenderung menguat. Kondisi ketahanan pangan antara periode 2013 dan 2022 pada negara ASEAN-6 dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh empat variabel bebas yaitu PDB per kapita berdasarkan paritas daya beli, Tingkat Pengangguran, FDI, dan Pertumbuhan populasi., In economics, limited resources are used to fulfill unlimited human desires. Food security is formed from four aspects, namely affordability, availability, quality and safety, as well as adaptation and sustainability. One of the factors that influences food security is the macroeconomic conditions of a country. This research aims to analyze the development of food security and macroeconomic conditions, as well as the influence of macroeconomic indicators on the level of food security in ASEAN-6 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam, Philippines). The method used is descriptive analysis and panel data regression. The research results show that the macroeconomic conditions of ASEAN-6 countries are fluctuating and food security tends to strengthen. The condition of food security between periode 2013 and 2022 in ASEAN-6 countries is significantly influenced by four independent variables, namely GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity, unemployment rate, FDI, and population growth.
Keyword: ASEAN-6, Ketahanan Pangan, Makroekonomi, Regresi Panel

Judul: Organ reproduksi beberapa jenis ganggang cokelat dan merah
Abstrak: Penelitian organ reproduksi telah dilakukan terhadap beberapa jenis ganggang cokelat dan meran. Ganggang cokelat yang diperiksa termasuk famili Sargassaceae, meliputi Sargassum cristaefolium, S. echinocarpum, S. plagyophyllum, S. siliquosum, Turbinaria conoides, T. deccurens dan T. ornata. Organ reproduksi pada famili ini berupa percabangan fertil disebut reseptakel. Di dalam reseptake! terdapat konseptakel tempat organ reproduksi betina (oogonium) dan jantan (antheridium). Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa oogonium dan antheridium pada semua sampel yang diamati dapat dijumpai pada konseptakel yang sama atau berbeda, tapi masih terdapat dalam individu yang sama kecuali pada S. siliquosum oogonium dan antheridium terdapat pada individu yang berbeda. Pada ganggang merah berhasil diamati organ reproduksi betina (sistokarp), jantan (spermatia) dan spora (tetraspora). Sistokarp Gigartina sp. 1, Gracilaria coronopifolia, Rhodymenia linearis dan R. palmata berupa bulatan-bulatan yang menonjol dan tersebar di permukaan talus. Sistokarp pada Laurencia intrica dan Laurencia sp. terdapat di daerah korteks, sedangkan pada Galaxaura obtusata dan G. oblongata sistokarp terletak pada bagian medula. Spermatia Chondrococcus hornemannii, L. intrica dan R. linearis tersebar di daerah korteks. Tetraspora pada Ceramium fastigiatum terletak di percabangan khusus, sedangkan tetraspora Gracilaria textorii, Gigartina sp. 2, Gracilaria sp. 1, Hypnea valentiae dan Laurencia intrica terletak di daerah korteks. Seluruh tetraspora yang diamati bertipe tetrahedral kecuali pada Gigartina sp. 2 bertipe zonat. Research on reproductive organ has been carried out on species of both brown and red algae.. Observation on the brown algae included Sargassum cristaefolium, S. echinocarpum S. plagyophyllum. S. siliquosum. Turbinaria conoides, T. deccurens and T. ornata, that belong to Sargassaceae. The reproductive organ of this family is called receptacel, i.e. fertile branches. The receptacel hold conceptacel that consists of either oogonium (female reproduction organ) or antheridium (male reproduction organ), or both. Oogonium and antheridium may be located in the same conceptacel or separated in the different one of the same individual (monoecious), except those of S. siliquosum are separated in the different individual (dioecious). Both female and male organ (called cystocarp and spermatia respectively), together with tetraspores have been observed in red algae. The cystocarps of Gigartina sp. 1, Gracilaria coronopifolia, Rhodymenia linearis and R. palmata are spherical, widespread, protruding out from thallus surface. Cystocarp of both Laurencia intrica and Laurencia sp. are located in cortex, while those of Galaxaura obtusata and G. oblongata, are located on medulla. Spermatia Chondrococcus hornemannii, Laurencia intrica and Rhodymenia linearis spread in the cortex. The tetraspores of Ceramium fastigiatum are located in a particular branch, while that of Gracilaria textorii, Gigartina sp. 2, Gracilaria sp. 1, Hypnea valentiae and Laurencia intrica are located in cortex. All of the tetraspores observed are tetrahedral, except those of Gigartina sp. 2 are zonate.
Keyword: Plant reproduction