Judul: The Optimization specific primer of Varanus salvator (Water Monitor Lizard) Species Based on COI Gene (Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I)
Abstrak: Reptil dan produk olahannya telah banyak dimanfaatkan di dunia. Permintaan untuk produk reptil termasuk kulit, daging, dan bahan untuk obat tradisional cukup tinggi. Pengembangan teknik deteksi dan identifikasi genus pada hewan dapat menjamin keaslian produk dan melindungi konsumen dari pemalsuan. Gen COI (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) berguna dalam menyimpulkan hubungan intraspesifik karena penanda ini menghasilkan jarak genetik intraspesifik tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan mitochondrial gene lain seperti ND5 (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 protein) dan Cyt b (Cytochrome b). Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan optimasi primer spesifik spe-sies Varanus salvator menggunakan marka spesifik berbasis gen sitokrom oksidase sub unit 1 (COI 1). Sumber DNA yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa sampel daging dan abon daging biawak air. DNA pada daging biawak air teramplifikasi pada 688 pb., Reptiles and their processed products have been widely used in the world. Demand for reptile products including leather, meat and ingredients for traditional medicine is quite high. The development of detection and genus identification techniques in animals can ensure the authenticity of products and protect consumers from falsification information. The COI gene (cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1) is useful for inferring intraspecific relationships because this marker pro-duces the highest intraspecific genetic range when compared to other mitochon-drial genes such as ND5 (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 protein) and Cyt b (Cytochrome b). This study aims to optimize the primers of Varanus salvator species in meat using specific markers based on the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Sources of DNA used in this study were Water Monitor Lizard’s meat and abon. DNA in Water Monitor Lizard’s meat amplified at 688 bp.
Keyword: water monitor lizard, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), primer

Judul: Identification of Orange-spotted Grouper (Epinephelus  coioides) with DNA Isolation Methods in The Cytochrome B Gene DNA Mini  Barcode Technique
Abstrak: Kasus mislabeling kerap terjadi pada produk perikanan. Keragaman spesies dan kemiripan morfologi yang cukup tinggi pada kerapu merupakan suatu tantangan yang dihadapi dalam identifikasi spesies. Autentikasi spesies berbasis DNA dapat digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya kasus mislabeling. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan adanya ambiguitas dalam penggunaan gen COI untuk analisis taksonomi kerapu Epinephelus. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh primer spesifik PCR dengan gen target cytochrome B, dan menentukan kondisi amplifikasi optimum untuk aplikasi pada spesies-spesifik kerapu lumpur (E. coioides). Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan pembuatan primer forward dan reverse E. coioides, preparasi sampel, isolasi DNA dengan kit, uji konsentrasi dan kemurnian hasil, elektroforesis hasil isolat DNA, amplifikasi DNA, dan visualisasi hasil amplifikasi. Pasangan primer spesifik E. coioides dengan marka gen cytochrome B berhasil diperoleh. Optimasi suhu annealing pada primer hasil rancangan dilakukan dengan tiga suhu yang berbeda dan telah berhasil diperoleh suhu annealing optimal pada suhu 65°C., Cases of mislabeling occur in fishery products frequently. The high diversity of species and morphological similarity in grouper is a challenge in species identification. Species authentication based on DNA can be used to prevent cases of mislabeling. Several studies have shown ambiguity in the use of the COI gene for the taxonomic analysis of Epinephelus grouper. This study aims to obtain primer-specific PCR with cytochrome B target genes, and determine the optimum amplification conditions for species-spesific application of Orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides). The phases of the research were carried out by making forward and reverse E. coioides primers, sample preparation, DNA isolation using kit, testing the concentration and purity, electrophoresis of the isolated DNA results, DNA amplification, and electrophoresis of the amplification results. Specific primer pairs for E. coioides with cytochrome B gene markers were obtained. Optimization of the annealing temperature on the designed primer was carried out at three different temperatures and was obtained optimally at 65°C.
Keyword: DNA barcoding, Epinephelus coioides, PCR, Primer

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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