Judul: Estimation of Economic Losses of Rice Farmers and  Agricultural Sector Recovery Strategies After Earthquake in Cianjur Regency
Abstrak: Gempa bumi berkekuatan 5,6 magnitudo yang terjadi di Kabupaten Cianjur disebabkan oleh aktivitas sesar aktif pada bagian timur laut zona sesar Cimandiri. Dampak yang ditimbulkan yaitu kerusakan dan kerugian pada sektor pertanian, termasuk petani padi. Kondisi lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi petani padi juga mengalami perubahan yang harus segera dipulihkan agar dapat kembali beraktivitas normal. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi petani padi terhadap dampak gempa bumi pada sektor pertanian, mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi usaha tani padi akibat gempa bumi, serta mengidentifikasi strategi pemulihan sektor pertanian pasca-gempa bumi di Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed method. Analisis kuantitatif menggunakan metode change of productivity dan loss of income. Sementara itu, analisis kualitatif menggunakan model interaktif dan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gempa bumi berdampak paling besar pada kerusakan bangunan penggilingan padi. Sementara itu, petani tidak berencana mengubah pola tanam, tidak ingin direlokasi, dan menunggu bantuan dari pemerintah. Perubahan produktivitas petani padi sawah di Kecamatan Warungkondang sebesar 1,15 ton/ha/MT. Selain itu, perubahan pendapatan usaha tani padi sawah pasca-gempa bumi di Kecamatan Warungkondang turun sebesar Rp4.016.252 atau 40,55 persen. Terdapat 11 strategi pemulihan sektor pertanian pasca-gempa bumi di Kabupaten Cianjur dengan keterlibatan 10 lembaga atau organisasi., The 5.6 magnitude earthquake in the Cianjur Regency was caused by active fault activity in the northeastern part of the Cimandiri fault zone. The impact was damage and losses to the agricultural sector, including rice farmers. The environmental, social, and economic conditions of rice farmers also experienced changes that must be restored immediately in order to return to normal activities. The study aimed to analyze rice farmers' perceptions of the impact of the earthquake on the agricultural sector, estimate the value of economic losses to rice farming due to the earthquake, and identify strategies for post-earthquake recovery of the agricultural sector in the Cianjur Regency. The research used a mixed-method approach. Quantitative analysis used the change of productivity and loss of income methods. Meanwhile, the qualitative analysis used interactive models and content analysis. The results showed that the earthquake had the greatest impact on damage to rice mill buildings. Meanwhile, farmers do not plan to change their cropping patterns, do not want to be relocated, and are waiting for assistance from the government. Changes in productivity of rice field farmers in Warungkondang Subdistrict amounted to 1.15 tons/ha/MT. In addition, post-earthquake changes in rice field farming income in the Warungkondang sub-district decreased by IDR 4,016,252 or 40.55 percent. There are 11 strategies for post-earthquake agricultural sector recovery in the Cianjur Regency with the involvement of 10 institutions or organizations.
Keyword: padi sawah, penilaian kerugian ekonomi, ring of fire, surat kabar, tanaman pangan

Judul: Estimasi Nilai Kerugian Ekonomi Akibat Banjir Luapan Sungai Cidurian pada Pertanian Padi Sawah di Kecamatan Kresek, Kabupaten Tangerang
Abstrak: The raise of rainfall intensity in the upper area of Cidurian watershed causes an increase water discharge and flood in Kresek subdistrict as a downstream areas. Cidurian river’s levee is damaged for about sixty meters, that makes the water overflows into the surrounding area. One of the sectors affected by the river flood is the agricultural sector, especially in rice planting area. The objectives of this study are to identify farmers' perceptions about the condition of their farmlands during flood periods, to estimate the economic losses of agricultural sector due to the flooding of Cidurian river, to analyze the factors that affect the magnitude of economic losses in the agricultural sector, and analyze the stakeholder’s role to overcome the problem of floods in Kresek subdistrict. The result shows that respondents have bad perceptions about the condition of post-flood of the agricultural sector. Flood disaster in Kresek subdistrict involves both governmental and non-governmental parties to overcome the flood problem. Based on the interview, each of them has a role and works together to solve the problem. The total economic losses of the subdistrict is estimated for about IDR 1 904 574 711 with the average loss of IDR 8 927 087.50 per landowner farmer while the total economic losses of the subdistrict is estimated for about IDR 2 081 848 142 with the average loss of IDR 6 994 231.27 per sharecropper. Moreover, the economic losses due to the flood are significantly influenced by the wide of affected land area, flood frequency, and age of the rice planting. The government has taken service action by spending IDR 1 385 989 000 to fix the broken levee. In addition, the improvement of environmental conditions, including the normalization of Cidurian River needs to be implemented in order to minimize the overflowing river.
Keyword: river flooding, paddy, Kresek Subdistrict, economic losses

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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