Judul: Upaya Peningkatan Produksi Susu Sapi Perah dengan Pencampuran Bungkil Inti Sawit dan Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles dalam Konsentrat
Abstrak: National milk yield can not supply the national milk consumption. One alternative to improve national milk yield is by increasing the dairy cattle productivity through better feeding management. West Java is one of the centers of development of dairy cattle for milk yield. It provides about 34.81% of the national milk yield. The largest population of dairy cattle in West Java is in Lembang. The average milk yield in Lembang is higher than the average national milk yield. To maintain high milk yield, addition of high quality feed such as concentrates is very important for dairy cattle. Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of the palm oil industry. As a local feed, it has a very high potential to be used as an alternative of energy and protein feed sources. Even though the price is low, there is still limited research that has been done concerning its effect on dairy cattle production. Using good quality of local feed for dairy cattle has two benefits, it decreases production costs while increasing farmer’s income as well as improving animal production. Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a feedstuff that can be used as a protein and energy source. Distillers dried grains with solubles is imported feed but the price is lower than soybean meal. Concentrate feed mixed by PKC and DDGS, was expected to increase production and quality of milk of dairy cows in Lembang. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of concentrate mix by using PKC and DDGS on milk yield in Lembang, West Java. This experiment was expected to increase milk yield, to decrease feed costs and to increase dairy farmers income in Lembang. Twenty two lactating dairy cows devided into 4 groups: R0, R1, R2 and R3. Each group consisted of 5 and 6 lactating dairy cows with different lactating periods. R0 was fed by basal diet as control, R1 was fed by basal diet and 1kg DDGS, R2 was fed by basal diet and 2 kg PKC and 1kg DDGS, and R3 was fed by basal diet and 3 kg PKC. Parameters observed and measured were physiological status, feed intake and milk yield. Physiological status including rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate were measured every week; feed intake was measured every day by calculating the difference in feed given; consumption of dry matter; chest circumference (cm) measured using a measuring tape taken before, during and after the experiment and converted into body weight (kg); daily milk yield recorded daily in the morning at 04.00 to 06.00 am and 03.00 to 05.00 pm; milk quality was measured every two weeks by taken 200 ml of milk sampled before, during and after the experiment; mastitis test was measured by IPB-1 reagent performed before, during and after the study. The study design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of four treatments with five to six replications. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance General Linear Model. The differences among the results, were tested by Duncan test. vii The experiment showed that there was no significant effect
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Judul: Hubungan antara Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah dengan Faktor yang Mempengaruhi (Studi Kasus di Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur)
Abstrak: Dairy cows are the large ruminants that mostly kept by Indonesian dairy farmers. The dairy farms of Indonesia located not only in the villages, but also in the urban areas, such as Pondok Ranggon in East Jakarta. Recent study was done to observe effect of technical factors on milk production and quality of dairy farms in Pondok Ranggon in East Jakarta. The parameters were environmental conditions, feeding patterns, animal conditions, lactation performance, and milk quality. The data were analyzed using multiple regression analysis. To overcome less of roughage supply, farmers used agro-industry by products such as tofu waste, soybean waste, and rice bran. The averages of roughage, concentrate, tofu waste, soybean waste and rice bran that offered to the animals were 20,85±4,27; 0,67±0,73; 28,94±7,62; 2,26±4,51; and 0,01±0,09 kg/h/d, respectively. Under this feeding regime, the average milk produced was 9,28±3,22 kg/h/d. The averages of fat, lactose, protein, solid non fat, density of milk quality were 4,44%; 4,20%; 3,91%; 8,83%; and 1,032 g/ml. The relationship of milk production(Y) on roughage (X1), concentrate (X2), tofu waste (X3), soybean waste (X4) and rice bran (X5) was Y1=2,672X10,256 X20,014 X30,018 X4-0,008 X5-0,055. The influenced of age, number of lactation, lactation days, pregnancy and body weight on milk production and quality were also confirmed. It was concluded that maximum milk production in Pondok Ranggon was produced by the cows at 2,5 years age, in the first lactation, at the second months of lactation, from heavier cows, or in the non pregnant cows.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.