Judul: Penyamakan Khrom Kulit Ikan Kakap Putih (Lates calcalifer) Dikombinasi dengan Ekstrak Biji Pinang terhadap Karakteristik Fisik Kulit
Abstrak: Leather tanning is a process of converting of skin or hide protein into leather with adequate strength properties, resistance to various biological and physical agents, and capable of being used for a wide range of purposes. The use of vegetable tanning process leather tanning hasn't been much done. Vegetable materials used are derived from areca nut. This plant contains tannins which are the main substances in the process of leather tanning. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of the use of areca seed extract against physical quality Giant sea perch. Areca seed extracted using ethanol to get tanner tannins as an ingredient. The addition of areca seed extract affects physical properties of the skin. The physical properties are influenced, among others, thickness, elongation, tear strength, and sewing strength. Concentration of 10% gives the best effect for the four physical properties are analyzed.
Keyword: vegetable tanning, leather tanning, areca nut

Judul: Penyamakan Kulit Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) dengan Kombinasi Penyamak Krom dan Nabati
Abstrak: Tanning is a way to change unstable rawhide (easily damaged by physical, chemical and biological effects) into a stable leather against those effects. Combination tanning method was a tanning process using two or more tannages in order to complete each other advantages and disadvantages to obtain leather with desired characteristics. Tanning using chrome would increase the flexibility, resistency of high temperature and tensile strength of leather. While vegetable tannage used in tanning gave an effect on physical quality on leather, including tensile strength, tear strength and other characteristics. The main purpose of this study were determined the effect of type and concentration of vegetable tannage on physical and organoleptic characteristics of skin tannage in the tanning process, to decide the best type and concentration of tannage for tanning, and to decide the characteristic of the leather. Tannages used were chrome with a concentration of 8% and vegetable tannages (mimosa, gambier, quebracho) with concentrations of 10%, 15% and 20%. The observed reponses in this study were thickness, shrinkage temperature, tensile strength, tear strength, elongation at break, and organoleptic characteristics. Based on the study, gambier with 20% concentration combined with 8% chrome produced the best quality of leather, highest increase thickness, tear strength of 84.76 N/mm, tensile strength of 22.68 N/mm2 and elongation at break of 57.38%. Organoleptic test showed that the colours produced by gambier looked more attractive, natural, finer texture, so that can be applied for material in sofa or jacket manufacture.
Keyword: vegetable, chrome, combination tanning, tuna’s skin

Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg