Judul: Analisis keragaman genetik populasi betawi
Abstrak: Populasi Betawi merupakan hasil asimilasi dari berbagai suku bangsa yang mendiami kota Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahni keragaman genetik populasi Betawi melalni anaIisis mikrosatelit. Populasi Betawi dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok besar berdasarkan letak geografis hubungan perkawinan. Kelompok pertama merupakan kelompok induk (pusat) yang didalamnya memiliki tingkat variasi alel dan nilai heterozigositas yang lebih tinggi daripada kelompok kedua.
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Judul: Keragaman Genetik Populasi Betawi
Abstrak: Variabilitas genetik (H) Populasi Betawi sebesar 0.665. Variabilitas genetik populasi Belawi lebih besar dibandingkan dengan populasi Indonesia lainnya seperu populasi Batak dan Jawa sebesar 0.58 dan 0.59. Hal ini karena awalnya populasi Belawi terbentuk dati pencampuran antar suku bangsa. Variabilitas genetik populasi Belawi yang tinggi mengindikasikan kesetimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Selain variabilitas genetik yang tinggi, kesetimbangan Hardy-Weinberg dalam populasi Belawi dijaga oleh ukuran populasi Belawi yang besar.
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Judul: Production and formulation of methyl ester sulfonate-based surfactant from palm olein for enhanced oil recovery application
Abstrak: The remaining oil in a reservoir that cannot be produced using the natural driving force (primary recovery) is about 50 to 80% of the initial oil volumes (IOIP). A secondary recovery technique such as waterflooding can only increase the recovery as much as 5 to 20% of the IOIP. Therefore, a method known as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) has to be implemented in the reservoir in the effort to recover much more oil. One of the EOR methods is surfactant injection. The injection of surfactant solution is aimed to significantly reduce the capillary forces in the reservoir by lowering the oil-water interfacial tension within the pore spaces. Once the capillary force is diminished, the reservoir oil is much easier to be displaced and moved toward the production wells. This is an excellent opportunity to develop a type of vegetable oil-based surfactants. One of potential surfactant types to develop is methyl ester sulphonate surfactant (MES). This study was aimed at producing MES surfactant and formula-based methyl ester sulfonate surfactant from palm olein to be applied for in the process of improving oil recovery using carbonate formation fluids. Results of the study showed that the best condition was achieved in a sulphonation process done in 3-4 hours with the flowrate of dry air of 1.8 kg/hour and a purification performed without the addition of methanol in a pH of 8. The best MES surfactant-based formula for EOR applications on the formation of carbonate was the one with the composition of 0.3% MES surfactant, 0.3% Na2CO3, and 15,000 ppm salinity. MES surfactant produced from this formula had more heat resistance, higher salinity, and higher hardness than the commercial surfactants did. Results of the performance test of surfactant-based formula showed that the MES surfactant formula was compatible with formation water and injection water. The formed phase was a lower phase which was relatively stable on a heating up to day 77 (reservoir temperature of 70 and 112 °C) with a range of interfacial tension of 10-2 dynes/cm. The adsorption reached 152.86 μg active matter/g core and the incremental oil recovery using synthetic core of 8-19% and using native core of 9.1%. Surfactant solution coreflooding test with bottom-up flow direction resulted in a greater oil recovery (16%) than that with top-down flow direction. This was caused by the influence of gravity.
Keyword: Palm Olein