Judul: Potensi Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp dan Lebah Madu Apis mellifera Sebagai Antioksidan
Abstrak: Propolis is a resin produced by honey bees. Propolis is a natural antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that serve to protect the body from free radical attack. Nanopropolis is propolis processed using nano technology. The research aims was to determine the potential of propolis and nanopropolis as an antioxidant. Propolis extracted by using microwave assisted extraction or commonly called MAE method with a ratio of material 1: 9. Nanopropolis was made by using the method of manufacture nanopropolis Aimi modified, with hopes of more effectively than propolis as antioxidants. The results showed that Malang propolis extracts inactive as antioxidants, whereas Bogor propolis extract as active antioxidant. Propolis commercial I and commercial II is very active as an antioxidant, while nanopropolis commercial I, commercial II, Malang, Pandeglang, and Bogor inactive as an antioxidant.
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Judul: Potensi nanopropolis lebah madu trigona spp asal pandeglang sebagai antibakteri
Abstrak: Propolis is one of the natural produced by honey bee which have many benefits, due to its properties as antibacterial, antivirus, and anticancer. Use the form nanopropolis expected to provide a better antibacterial activity compared to the usual form of propolis. The aim of this study is to determine potency of nanopropolis honey bee from Pandeglang as antibacterial agent. Encapsulated nanopropolis was prepared by high speed homogenization technique and solvent evaporation. The size of nanopropolis was measured with SEM. The antibacterial activity test was performed by agar well diffusion. The result of SEM show that size of nanopropolis is 175-873 nm. Nanopropolis have activity as antibacterial agent for Gram positive dan Gram negative bacteria. The nanopropolis showed higher bacterial activity than extract propolis were 208.86% for B. subtilis, 211.83% for S. aureus, 227.01% for E. coli, and 230.29% for Salmonella sp. While compared to amphicillin 10 mg/ml equel to 43.87%, 49.12%, 42.35%, and 37.58%. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrartion (MIC) of nanopropolis were 0.15%, 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.313% for B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella sp.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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