Judul: Peranan Total Factor Productivity (TFP) dan hubungan Ekspor-Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) di sektor pertanian indonesia
Abstrak: The agricultural sector has an important role in developing economy as a contribution for the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Thus, it is also important to see the usage of agricultural TFP and agricultural export related to agricultural GDP. Structural challenge caused by economic crisis is also important to be observed in terms of its influence toward variables in the agricultural sector. This research functions to: (1) Aanalyze Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Indonesia’s agricultural sector; (2) Analyze short term and long term relations between agricultural export and GDP of the agricultural sector and other variables in Indonesia’s agricultural sector; (3) Analyze structural in Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The method used is ECM model and Chow Test. The research result shows that agricultural TFP gives the largest contribution towards the growth of agricultural output. If seen from the phases of economic growth, it is evident that during the phase before economic crisis, agricultural TFP gives the largest contribution towards agricultural GDP. During the phase of economic crisis, the negative growth of agricultural output origins from the negative agricultural TFP. But after the economic crisis, the growth of agricultural output became larger than PMA investment compared to agricultural TFP. Agricultural GDP has a different relation towards agricultural export in short term and long term. In short term, agricultural GDP one year previously (+), Agricultural TFP (-), agricultural domestic price (+) and agricultural export price (-); in long term, agricultural GDP (+), Agricultural TFP (-), and agricultural domestic price (-) have significant effects toward agricultural export. While the variables of agricultural export price and exchange rate do not have significant influence toward agricultural export. There was a structural change caused by economic crisis in 1997 which changed the short term relation parameter of agricultural export with agricultural GDP and other variables. Estimation result after added by monetary crisis dummy in 1997 shows that in short term, agricultural GDP one year previously (+), agricultural TFP (-), agricultural domestic price (+), agricultural export price (-), agricultural domestic price one year previously (+), and economic crisis dummy of 1997 (+) have significant influences toward agricultural export. Analysis of the new ECM result (short term) showst that the parameter coefficient signs of the following variables: agricultural GDP, agricultural TFP, agricultural domestic price, agricultural export price, in accordance with the hypothesis are variables with a one year lag. Meaning, that there is a lag of agricultural export in response to the influencing variables.
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Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pertumbuhan Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia
Abstrak: The agricultural sector is a sector which is crucial and has an important role for people life. Enhancement in agricultural productivity is the focus of the current Government. Previous research shows that the growth of agricultural output was not only influenced by the capital and labor but there is another factor called Total Factor Productivity (TFP). This research focuses on the factors that affect TFP growth of the agricultural sector in Indonesia in the period 1980-2011. This research using Cobb-Douglas linearization to calculate TFP value. Error Correction Model (ECM) used to analyze factors that affect agricultural TFP. Independent variables used in this model are irrigation, inflation rate, level of education, agricultural credit, and trade openness, while the dependent variable used is agricultural TFP. The results of this research indicate that the variables that affect agricultural TFP in the short-term are education and level of trade openness. Variables that affect agricultural TFP on long term are the level of education, agricultural credit, and trade openness.
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Judul: Morfologi Organ Reproduksi Betina Walet Linchi (Collocalia linchi)
Abstrak: This research is aimed to describe the morphology of the female reproductive organs of the cave swiftlets (C. linchi ) macroscopic and microscopically. Four female reproduction organs were used in this study. Microscopic observation was done using Hematoxilin – eosin (HE), alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining methods. The reproductive organs were consisted of ovarium and oviduct. The oviduct has five parts: infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. The mucosa of oviduct has mucosal folds and lined with columnar ciliated epithelial cells. Glandular glands were found in the lamina propria of oviduct, except in the vagina. The thick muscle of sphincter uterovagina was found in the border between uterus and vagina. Using AB-PAS staining methods, it was detected that oviduct contained neutral and acid carbohydrate, especially in the secrete glands of oviduct.
Keyword: oviduct., ovarium, Collocalia linchi