Judul: Peranan Bank Perkreditan Rakyat Binaan Bank Nagari Terhadap Kinerja Usaha Kecil Di Sumatera Barat
Abstrak: Bank Perkeditan Rakyat (BPR) merupakan lembaga keuangan yang terutama untuk melayani jasa-jasa perbankan bagi masyarakat ekonomi lemah terutama usaha kecil di Indonesia. Peran BPR kepada usaha kecil dianggap penting bagi peningkatan pembiayaan usaha mikro dan kecil, karena selama ini usaha kecil sebagai sektor yang berperan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia memerlukan suntikan modal dari pihak luar. Namun demikian, peran BPR dalam pembiayan usaha kecil tersebut masih menempati porsi yang relatif kecil dibandingkan pembiayaan oleh bank umum. Hal ini tidak terlepas dari kondisi BPR yang secara umum masih menghadapi berbagai kendala dan tantangan dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada usaha kecil, seperti: struktur pendanaan BPR belum didukung oleh permodalan yang kuat, kualitas sumberdaya yang belum memadai sehingga menyebabkan tingginya biaya overhead dalam operasional BPR, dan belum adanya lembaga pendukung industri BPR yang dapat berfungsi sebagai penyangga dana likuiditas bagi BPR.
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Judul: Peranan BPR dalam Mengembangkan Usaha Industri Kecil (Studi Kasus PT. BPR Berfasi Rharja, Kecamatan Kedung Halang, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Industri kecil mempunyai peranan yang sangat strategis bila ditinjau dari berbagai aspek, seperti pemerataan penyebaran lokasi usaha yang mendukung pembangunan daerah terutama daerah pedesaan, pemerataan kesempatan kerja, maupun di dalam menunjang program ekspor non migas serta melestarikan seni budaya bangsa. Namun demikian, industri kecil mempunyai kendala untuk berkembang disebabkan modalnya yang sangat terbatas.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell