Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Selenium dan Vitamin E terhadap Gambaran Imun Udang Vannamei yang Diinfeksi oleh Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Sistem imun udang vannamei sangat sederhana sehingga rentan terinfeksi patogen, salah satunya yaitu Vibrio parahaemolyticus yang menyebabkan penyakit Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (VPAHPND). Selenium dan vitamin E merupakan imunostimulan yang dapat membantu meningkatkan kinerja sistem imun non-spesifik udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian selenium dan vitamin E terhadap gambaran imun yang meliputi Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Aktivitas Fagositosis (AF), dan Total Vibrio Count (TVC) pada udang vannamei yang diinfeksi oleh V. parahaemolyticus. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Perlakuan yang diamati adalah pemberian pakan komersial tanpa infeksi VPAHPND, pakan komersial dengan infeksi VPAHPND, pakan komersial + selenium 20 mg/kg pakan dengan infeksi VPAHPND, pakan komersial + vitamin E 1000 mg/kg pakan dengan infeksi VPAHPND, dan pakan komersial + selenium 20 mg/kg pakan + vitamin E 1000 mg/kg pakan dengan infeksi VPAHPND. Nilai THC pada perlakuan pemberian selenium tunggal yaitu sebesar 7,291 × 106 sel/ml. Nilai AF dari perlakuan selenium + vitamin E yaitu 93,86 %, selenium 99,07 %, dan vitamin E 100 %. Nilai TVC pada perlakuan pemberian selenium tunggal yaitu sebesar 0,079 × 106 CFU/ml. Pemberian selenium (sodium selenit) 20 mg/kg pakan tanpa kombinasi mampu meningkatkan imunitas udang vannamei yang diinfeksi VPAHPND dan mampu menurunkan TVC organ hepatopankreas udang pascainfeksi., The immune system of vannamei shrimp is very simple, making it susceptible to pathogens infection, one of which is Vibrio parahaemolyticus that can cause Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (VPAHPND). Selenium and vitamin E are immunostimulants that can help improve the performance of the shrimp’s nonspecific immune system. This study aimed to analyze the effect of selenium and vitamin E’s administration on immune features of vannamei shrimp which include Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Phagocytosis Activity (AF), and Total Vibrio Count (TVC) in vannamei shrimp infected by V. parahaemolyticus. This study used a completely randomized design method. The treatments observed were commercial feed without VPAHPND infection, commercial feed with VPAHPND infection, commercial feed + selenium 20 mg/kg feed with VPAHPND infection, commercial feed + vitamin E 1000 mg/kg feed with VPAHPND infection, and commercial feed + selenium 20 mg/kg feed + vitamin E 1000 mg/kg feed with VPAHPND infection. The THC value in the treatment of single selenium administration was 7,291 × 106 cells/ml. The AF value of the selenium + vitamin E treatment was 93.86%, selenium 99.07%, and vitamin E 100%. The TVC value in the treatment of single selenium administration was 0.079 × 106 CFU/ml. Administration of selenium (sodium selenite) 20 mg/kg of feed without combination was able to increase the immunity of vannamei shrimp infected with VPAHPND and was able to reduce the TVC of postinfected shrimp hepatopancreas.
Keyword: Litopenaeus vannamei, selenium, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, vitamin E

Judul: Effect of the Combination of Selenium and Vitamin E on Vannamei Shrimp Cultivation Performance Infected by Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) adalah jenis udang yang sering dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Infeksi bakteri patogen salah satunya oleh Vibrio parahaemolyticus kadang tidak terhindarkan dalam pemeliharaan benih udang diparahaemolyticus kolam maupun di tambak. Selenium dan vitamin E menjadi senyawa esensial yang diperlukan tubuh untuk meningkatkan sistem daya tahan tubuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode rancangan acak lengkap dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi laju pertumbuhan harian, survival rate, dan kualitas air. Data yang didapatkan diolah dengan metode sidik ragam untuk melihat perbedaan nyata antara perlakuan dengan kelompok kontrol. Secara keseluruhan, penggunaan kombinasi selenium dan vitamin E tidak memengaruhi performa budidaya udang vannamei yang diinfeksi dengan V. parahaemolyticus. Namun, kombinasi selenium dan vitamin E dapat meningkatkan tingkat survival rate pada udang vannamei yang diinfeksi oleh V. parahaemolyticus dibandingkan tanpa pemberian kombinasi tersebut.
Keyword: vannamei shrimp, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, selenium, vitamin E, cultivation performance

Judul: Kontraksi pola graf klausa Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan metode knowledge graph
Abstrak: Knowledge graph is a new method of knowledge representation. In principle, knowledge graph consists of concept and relationship. There are already rules of constructing wordgraphs of noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, and phrase. However to be able to represent the meaning of Indonesian text we still need other rules to represent clause and sentence. This research is mainly focused on constructing a subordinative clause graph and building rules of subordinative clause graph formation. In this research, subordinative clause is classified by analyzing the subordinative relationship (time, condition, if-relation, purpose, consessive, resemblace, because-relation, result, way-relation, tool-relation, complementation, attributive, equative, and comparative) and the structure of clause (the combination of subject, predicate, object, complement, and description). After the result of constructing subordinative clause graph is analyzed and formulated, the subordinative clauses are classified based on the same conjunction graph pattern and clause structure graph pattern, and we get 13 conjunction graph patterns and 48 clause structure graph patterns for subordinative clause in Indonesian.
Keyword: