Judul: Performance Evaluation of Multi-Storey Building Structures using Pushover Analysis with Spectrum Capacity Method and Displacement Coefficient
Abstrak: Frekuensi kejadian gempa bumi yang tinggi di Indonesia mendorong kebutuhan untuk merencanakan bangunan sesuai dengan standar tahan gempa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja struktur bangunan bertingkat dan menentukan tingkat kinerjanya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis pushover. Struktur bangunan dimodelkan menggunakan perangkat lunak ETABS, dengan pembebanan yang sesuai dengan standar SNI 1726:2019, 1727:2020, dan PPPURG 1987. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa struktur gedung dapat dikatakan stabil dalam pengecekan pengaruh P-Delta, namun belum memenuhi batas izin simpangan inelastik. Titik kinerja berdasarkan FEMA 440 didapatkan nilai sebesar 303,618 mm untuk arah X dan 285,934 mm untuk arah Y. Sedangkan berdasarkan FEMA 356 target perpindahan didapatkan nilai sebesar 313,997 mm untuk arah X dan 295,493 mm untuk arah Y. Rasio daktalitas arah X sebesar 1,446 dan untuk arah Y sebesar 1,42. Selain itu, didapatkan nilai redaman efektif sebesar 5,88% untuk arah X dan 5,81% untuk arah Y., The high frequency of earthquake events in Indonesia drives the need to plan buildings according to earthquake-resistant standards. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of multi-storey building structures and determine their performance level. The method used in this research is pushover analysis. The building structure was modeled using an ETABS software, with loading in accordance with the SNI 1726:2019, 1727:2020, and PPPURG 1987 standards. The analysis results show that the building structure can be said to be stable in checking the influence of P-Delta, but has not yet met the inelastic deviation permit limit. The performance point based on FEMA 440 obtained a value of 303.618 mm for the X direction and 285.934 mm for the Y direction. Meanwhile, based on FEMA 356, the displacement target obtained a value of 313.997 mm for the X direction and 295.493 mm for the Y direction. The ductility ratio in the X direction is 1.446 and for the Y direction is 1.42. In addition, an effective damping value of 5.88% was obtained for the X direction and 5.81% for the Y direction.
Keyword: ATC-40, earthquake, pushover analysis, structure performance

Judul: Evaluasi Kinerja Struktur Gedung Bertingkat di Jakarta Menggunakan Pushover Analysis
Abstrak: Gempa bumi menjadi bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Gempa bumi menyebabkan bangunan bergeser dan jika nilai geser ultimate melebihi nilai beban geser nominal akan membuat struktur mengalami keruntuhan. Evaluasi struktur diperlukan untuk mengetahui tingkat kinerja struktur gedung eksisting terhadap gempa. ASCE 41-17 mengatur cara evaluasi seismik dan retrofit bangunan eksisting pragempa menggunakan prosedur non static liniear. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa gedung bertingkat masih mampu menahan gaya gempa BSE 1E dan BSE-2E serta masih memiliki kekuatan untuk menahan gaya gempa sampai perpindahan target awal. Hasil simpangan yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai dibawah batas izin untuk arah X dan Y pada level gempa BSE-1E sebesar 202,504 mm, 196,176 mm dan BSE-2E sebesar 274,352 mm, 266,56 mm. Sendi plastis terbentuk pertama kali pada elemen balok selanjutnya pada kolom. Tingkat kinerja struktur gedung untuk gempa BSE-1E berada pada level immediate occupancy dan gempa BSE-2E berada pada level damage control. Rasio daktilitas struktur memiliki nilai daktilitas parsial dengan nilai demand capacity ratio yang memenuhi sehingga tidak diperlukan retrofit., Earthquakes are a frequent disaster in Indonesia. Earthquakes cause buildings to shift and if the ultimate shear value exceeds the nominal shear load value, the structure will collapse. Structural evaluation is required to determine the level of performance of existing building structures against earthquakes. ASCE 41-17 regulates the seismic evaluation and retrofitting of pre-earthquake existing buildings using the non static linear procedure. The evaluation results show that the building is still able to withstand BSE-1E and BSE-2E earthquake forces and still has the strength to withstand earthquake forces up to the initial target displacement. The resulting deformations have values below the permissible limits for the X and Y directions at the BSE-1E earthquake levels of 202.504 mm, 196.176 mm and BSE-2E of 274.352 mm, 266.56 mm. Plastic joints formed in the beam elements first and then in the columns. The performance level of the building structure for the BSE-1E earthquake is at the immediate occupancy level and the BSE-2E earthquake is at the damage control level. The ductility ratio of the structure has a partial ductility value with a demand capacity ratio value that meets the requirement so that no retrofit is required.
Keyword: ASCE 41-17, Pushover Analysis, Earthquake, Structural Performance, Analisis Pushover, Gempa Bumi, Kinerja Struktur

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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