Judul: Penyelesaian open vehicle routing problem menggunakan metode heuristik
Abstrak: This research is study of literature from the journal entitled A Heuristic Method for The Open Vehicle Routing Problem prepared by D Sariklis and S Powell in 2000. The issue is about management of goods distribution with a vehicle route that starts from the depot and stopped at the end customer, the vehicle is not required to return to the depot and each customer is visited by exactly one vehicle and its demand is totally satisfied. The objective is to generate the set of route that minimize the total travelling cost. This problem is an open problem to be solved using heuristic methods. The heuristic methods used in this study using Prim’s algorithm to find minimum spanning tree (MST) and the penalty method to modify the MST in order to form a chain. The heuristic methods are used to generate the set of routes that form a chain.
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Judul: Penerapan Metode Heuristik Dalam Supply Chain Network Untuk Menentukan Jalur Distribusi Terpendek
Abstrak: Supply chain management is a process of manufacture and delivery of goods to consumers. One of the main factors of supply chain management is supply chain networks. Supply chain networks consist of two main parts, i.e. , the location of production and the distribution process. Both are related to the determination of optimum distribution channels or routes from producers to consumers which are related to time, distance, and vehicle capacity. This problem is called with the Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (VRPTW). This research work was conducted in the supply chain division of KATRACO CV, a private company that engaged in the distribution of fuel oil to gas stations and several companies in Central Java and surrounding areas. This research aims to design a supply chain network for VRPTW case to minimize the total distance. In this work we used a heuristic method , i.e. , sweep heuristic, saving heuristic, and the nearest depot heuristic as constructing route. We also used 2-opt, relocate, and exchange methods as route improvement methods to determine a better routes. Furthermore, VRPTW problem is solved using ILOG Dispatcher program version 2.1 and ILOG Solver version 4.4, which is run in Microsoft Visual C + + version 6.0.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity