Judul: Determinants of Islamic and Conventional Banking Insolvency Risk: Study Case in Indonesia
Abstrak: Risiko insolvensi memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan dan keberlanjutan industri perbankan. Penurunan kinerja keuangan akibat pandemi Covid-19 mengindikasikan bank rentan terhadap risiko insolvensi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perkembangan dan menganalisis determinan risiko insolvensi pada perbankan syariah dan konvensional periode 2018 sampai 2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah Z-score, X-score, G-score dan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor internal yaitu Loans to Assets pada Bank Umum Konvensional (BUK) Big Four berpengaruh negatif signifikan, Cost Income Ratio pada BUK berpengaruh negatif signifikan, Income Diversity tidak berpengaruh signifikan dan Total Aset pada Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai Z-score. Faktor eksternal yaitu Produk Domestik Bruto pada BUS dan BUK berpengaruh negatif signifikan dan Suku Bunga pada BUK berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai Z-score. Perbankan syariah dan konvensional perlu menjaga tingkat kesehatan bank melalui penguatan permodalan, mempertahankan faktor-faktor yang signifikan terhadap Z score serta penelitian lanjutan dengan variabel dan objek yang lebih beragam untuk efisiensi dan stabilitas yang lebih baik., Insolvency risk has an important part in the development and sustainability of the banking industry. The fall in financial parameters due to the Covid-19 outbreak suggests that banks are at risk of insolvency. The purpose of study is to detect and assess developments in insolvency risk in Islamic and conventional banking between 2018 and 2023. Z-score, X-score, G-score, and panel data regression were the methods used. The results indicate that internal factors, namely Loans to Assets at the Big Four Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK), Cost Income Ratio at BUK, Income Diversity, and Total Assets at Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS), have a significant negative effect on the Z-score value. External factors, namely Gross Domestic Product at BUS and BUK, have a substantial negative effect, and Interest Rates at BUK have a significant positive effect on the Z-score value. Islamic and conventional banking must preserve the bank's health by increasing capital, retaining factors important to the Z-score, and conducting additional research with more diversified variables and objects to improve efficiency and stability.
Keyword: BUK, BUS, determinants of insolvency risk

Judul: Determinants of Banking Liquidity Risk Sharia and Conventional Banking in Indonesia
Abstrak: Liquidity has an important role in the development and sustainability of the banking industry. This is shown through the nature of liquidity which is vulnerable to shocks, causing banks to anticipate risks arising from liquidity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparison of the determinants of liquidity of Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK) and Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia based on the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) in the period 2016 to 2020. Data analysis techniques used is panel data regression. The panel data regression results show economic growth as a systematic variable has a positive effect on banking liquidity risk in Indonesia, and non-performing loans (financing) as a non-systematic variable have a negative effect on banking liquidity risk in Indonesia., Likuiditas memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan dan keberlanjutan industri perbankan. Sifat likuiditas yang rentan terhadap guncangan mengakibatkan bank harus mengantisipasi risiko yang timbul atas likuiditas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbandingan determinan likuiditas bank umum konvensional (BUK) dan bank umum syariah (BUS) di Indonesia berdasarkan loan to deposit ratio (LDR) dan financing to deposit ratio (FDR) pada periode 2016- 2020. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa NPL dan NPF sebagai variabel non-sistematis berpengaruh negatif terhadap LDR BUK dan FDR BUS. GDP sebagai variabel sistematis berpengaruh positif terhadap LDR BUK dan FDR BUS., Liquidity has an important role in the development and sustainability of the banking industry. This is shown through the nature of liquidity which is vulnerable to shocks, causing banks to anticipate risks arising from liquidity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the comparison of the determinants of liquidity of Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK) and Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS) in Indonesia based on the Loan to Deposit Ratio (LDR) and Financing to Deposit Ratio (FDR) in the period 2016 to 2020. Data analysis techniques used is panel data regression. The panel data regression results show economic growth as a systematic variable has a positive effect on banking liquidity risk in Indonesia, and non-performing loans (financing) as a non-systematic variable have a negative effect on banking liquidity risk in Indonesia.
Keyword: BUK, BUS, non-systematic determinants of liquidity risk, systematic determinants of liquidity risk

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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