Judul: Efek nikotin dosis rendah pada mekanisme hambat aterosklerosis monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) obes
Abstrak: Obesity is the major risk factor of coronary atherosclerosis, which is a high rank killer among citizen in the world. In order to prevent coronary atherosclerosis, we explored the effect of low dose nicotine liquid peroral using 9 adult males cynomolgous macaques (Macaca fascicularis) obes (body mass indect >23.00) based on celluler histophatological study. These obes monkeys are grouped into 2 groups: one group was given nicotine intervention (n=5) while the other was not (n=4). The evaluation includes the formation of coronary atherosclerotic plague, the cellular aspects of coronary athersclerotic lesions and the present of HDL at the liver and aorta. The correlation analysis revealed a tendency that body mass index and ratio of intimal thickening and coronary arterial wall thickening was correlated. It suggested us that there was also correlation between obesity and severity of atherosclerotic lesion. The novelty of this research included the potential effect of nicotine low dose (1) to protect the smoth muscle cells and endothelial intact, (2) to increase intimal layer regeneration through foam’s cells cytolysis and selluler matrix development, (3) to increase and strenghten smooth muscle cells, and (4) to increase the role of HDL in reverse cholesterol transport. It seems that nicotine has a potencial role to transform atherosclerotic plaque to stabilize artery.
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Judul: Peran nikotin dosis rendah terhadap profil glukosa darah dan insulin serta perubahan jaringan pankreas dan hati monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) obes
Abstrak: Study of low dose nicotine intervention and its effect on blood and cellular level of obese cynomolgus monkeys has never been reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of low dose nicotine on the profile of blood glucose, insulin level and cellular level alteration of pancreatic and hepatic tissue of obese cynomolgus monkey. Fourteen adult (aged 6–8 years) males cynomolgus monkeys grouped based on their Body Mass Index (BMI) into preobese (BMI=23.65–25.00) and obese (BMI ≥ 26.00) were used. Animals were grouped into four groups subsequently preobese with nicotine (pOb+), obese with nicotine (Ob+), preobese without nicotine (pOb-) and obese without nicotine (Ob-). Nicotine groups were fed with high fat diet mixed with nicotine dose 0.75 mg/kg body weight/day for three months and other groups without nicotine were fed monkey chow as control. Blood samples were collected every month for glucose analysis and insulin analysis at the end of study before necropsy was performed. Pancreatic and hepatic tissues were processed histologically and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical method. The results showed that blood glucose significantly decreased (P<0.05) on the nicotine group, 28.37% (preobes) and 33.72% (obes) based on treatment duration compared to control group. Based on color intensity of granules cytoplasm of insulin producing cells or immunoreactive β-cells showed that non nicotine group were more reactive than those with nicotine group. As a conclusion, there was positive effect of low dose nicotine in maintaining the blood glucose level in normal range by stimulation of islet cells proliferation to maintain the production of insulin in the pancreatic islet. Nicotine low dose also affect to the hepatic parenchymal tissue that showed moderate level of hydrophic and fat degeneration, and necrosis. However, there were found hepatic cell regeneration.
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Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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