Judul: Rancang Bangun Ditcher Berpengeruk untuk Pembuatan Saluran Drainase pada Budidaya Tebu Lahan Kering
Abstrak: One factor determining the sugar cane production is a good drainage system. The drainage channel that crosses the planting rows is used to drain the excess water from sugar cane plantation. The drainage channel at PG. Jatitujuh has been being formed by using a rotary ditcher. Shape and dimension of the drainage channel were good enough as expected, but the rotary ditcher itself had some disadvantages such as: its blades became dull and worn quickly, it tend to break the tractor PTO system. On the other hand, the utilization of a furrower in the ditch forming is preferred. But, the resulted shape and dimension channel was not good enough. The soil dug out from the ditch covered both sides of the planting rows along the channel. Consequently, it blocked the drain water flow out from the planting rows. The objective of the research was to design a ditcher equipped with a pair of scrappers pulled by a four-wheel tractor. The ditcher operated without using PTO. It’s designed to produce drainage channel with trapezoidal shape with the lower side of 35 cm, upper side of 90 cm, and depth of 40 cm. It is also able to place the dug soil on the top of initial ridges. The prototype of the ditcher was equipped by a pair of soil scrappers. The function of the ditcher is to make the drainage channel, whereas function of the scrapper is to scrap the soils in between the ridges and put it on the top of the ridges. Scrapping mechanism was driven by a front wheel that rolls on the ridge’s profile. The drive force then was transmitted through a transmission shaft to drive the scrapper. The structure of the scrapper ditcher consisted of a frame, a ditcher, and a pair of scrappers. The frame had a triangular shape and equipped with three standardized hitching points. The ditcher had share cutting angle of 70o, 60 cm in cutting width, share intersection angle of 15o, and the concaveness radius of the mold of 65 cm. The construction of the scrapper driver consisted of front wheel (41 cm in diameter), wheel arm (28 cm in length) and the scrapper blade (40 cm x 55 cm in size), scrapper arm (68 cm in length). The dimension of the scrapper ditcher was 173 cm in length, 293 cm in width, and 138 cm in height, and the weight is 435 kg. The modified scrapper ditcher operated successfully. The ditcher produced the expected trapezoidal type drainage channel with a proper size. The test result at Experimental Field of Leuwikopo showed that the length of lower side, upper side and the depth of the ditcher were 39.1 cm, 113.1 cm and 33.1 cm respectively. Whereas, the test result at PG. Jatitujuh showed that the length of lower side, upper side and the depth of the ditcher were 37.9 cm, 100.2 cm and 38.7 cm respectively. The scrapper could scrap the discharged soils and then placed the soils on the ridges. However, there was un-scrapped soil in between the ridges which has 6 cm
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Judul: Modifikasi ditcher untuk saluran drainase pada budidaya tanaman tebu lahan kering
Abstrak: Dalam budidaya tebu lahan kering, ditcher diperlukan untuk membuat saluran drainase yang menyalurkan air sisa irigasi dan air hujan dari seluruh juring tanaman tebu. Sebuah ditcher yang dilengkapi pengeruk telah dirancang oleh Azmi Asyidda Mushoffa (2006). Disain ditcher tersebut diarahkan untuk menyiapkan saluran drainase dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut: 1) kedalaman = 40 cm, lebar bawah = 35 cm, lebar atas = 90 cm dan 2) tanah yang terpotong dapat mengalir lancar sampai pada pengeruk pada lnekanisme lengan ayun. Dari hasil pengujian, ditcher tersebut masih memiliki kekurangan yaitu; jarak rangka ke bagian dasar ditcher terlalu rendah sehingga tanah ada yang tertahan di rangka dan poros penghubungnya, kesulitan dalam membuat kelengkungan pada sayap dicther, sayap terlalu landai dan ada tanah yang 1010s ke belakang ditcher. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah memodifikasi dan menguji secara fungsional ditcher untuk saluran drainase pada budidaya tebu lahan kering. Prototipe ditcher hasil modifikasi telah berhasil dibuat dan diuji coba di Laboratorium Lapangan Departemen Teknik Pertanian. Modifikasi yang dilakukan ialah; 1) sayapnya sudah tidak memiliki kelengkungan diganti dengan kenaikan sudut secara bertahap pada sayap ditcher, 2) jarak antara rangka ditcher dengan pisau penusnk diperbesar, 3) sayap dibuat tidak landai, dan 4) sayap lebih tinggi. Beberapa modifikasi detail juga dilakukan agar ditcher tersebut menjadi lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ditcher prototipe yang pertama. Hasil pengujian tanpa lengan pengeruk yang dilakukan di Laboratorium Lapangan Departemen Teknik Pertanian adalah sebagai berikut. Aliran tanah dapat cepat terlelnpar ke kanan dan kiri ditcher walaupun masih ada yang lengket di bagian kenaikan sudut yang ada di sayap ditcher. Tanah sudah tidak tertahan lagi oleh rangka ditcher. Tanah tetap ada yang 1010s ke belakang ditcher namun tidak terlalu signifikan. Ditcher dapat membuat saluran drainase dengan profil saluran berbentuk trapesium, ukuran saluran tersebut adalah: 1) kedalaman saluran = 34.65 cm, 2) lebar bawah = 35.65 cm dan 3) lebar atas = 104.7 cm. Ukuran tersebut cukup sesuai dengan ukuran saluran yang diinginkan.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity