Judul: Aktivitas Biologi Oligomer Hidrolisat Kitin yang Diproduksi Menggunakan Enzim Kitinase dari Isolat SSA2B4.1 (Bacillus cereus SW41) pada Sel Limfosit dan Sel Lestari Kanker.
Abstrak: Local chitin waste from crab industries can be used as a source for production of oligomer which has important biological activity. The aims of this research were to evaluate activities of oligomer produced by enzymatic hydrolysis upon proliferation of lymphocytes and cancer cells. the chitinase enzyme was obtained from thermophilic bacterium Bacillus cereus SW41 isolated from South Sulawesi. The medium for producing the enzyme contained 1% colloidal chitin and the enzyme was harvested after four days of incubation, the free cell supernatant were heated at 60oC for 20 minutes. The heat stable protein enzyme was coagulated with 30% saturated ammonium sulphate and purified using hydrophobic interaction chromatography with butyl sepharose gel. The enzyme of 0,005, and 0,0085 IU/mg chitinase were use on 1% chitin colloidal substrate. the reaction products were analyzed and fractionated using HPLC. Cytotoxic assay to determine the lethal concentration 50 (LC50) was done by BSLT method. The effect of oligomers hidrolyzate on lymphocyte proliferative activity and inhibition of cancer cells were conducted by MTT method. The oligomer hidrolyzate proceed by with or without lyophilization at concentration of 62,5 and 125 μg/ml were able to increase lymphocytes proliferation (3-22%). Antiproliferation activity of oligomer chitin hydrolyzate was detected in all tested cancer cell lines with the highest activity occurred in MT2 cell ranging from 17-48% followed by Raji Cell (17-43%), and HeLa cell (5-33%). Based on cell mentioned above, we concluded that oligomer chitin hydrolyzate could be use as an anti cancer cell proliferation and farther study is needed to develop before commercially use.
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Judul: Isolation and Selection of Chitosanolytic and Cellulolytic Endophytic Fungi from Different Seaweeds
Abstrak: Oligokitosan sebagai oligomer kitosan telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai aplikasi biologis. Oligokitosan dapat diproduksi dengan metode enzimatis. Produksi oligokitosan dengan depolimerisasi kitosan secara enzimatis membutuhkan penggunaan enzim spesifik seperti kitosanase atau non-spesifik seperti selulase yang dapat diperoleh dari kapang endofit yang bersimbiosis dengan biota laut. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan isolat, mengkarakterisasi dan menyeleksi kapang endofit dari rumput laut dengan aktifitas kitosanolitik dan selulolitik, serta identifikasi kapang endofit yang potensial menghasilkan enzim kitosanolitik dan selulolitik. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tahapan isolasi, penapisan aktivitas enzim, identifikasi morfologi dan molekuler kapang endofit. Sebanyak 42 isolat kapang endofit berhasil diisolasi dari rumput laut. Satu isolat kapang memiliki aktivitas kitosanolitik dan berjumlah 24 isolat memiliki aktivitas selulolitik dengan kategori indeks selulolitik sedang hingga rendah. Secara molekuler, isolat kapang endofit kitosanolitik dan selulolitik teridentifikasi sebagai Neoantrodia serialis (KTR2), Trichoderma harzianum (KTR3, KTR4) dan Apiotrichum mycotoxinovorans (KTR1). Enzim kitosanolitik dan selulolitik kapang endofit rumput laut kedepannya dapat dikembangkan menjadi alternatif untuk produksi berbagai oligomer secara enzimatis, salah satunya yaitu oligokitosan., Oligochitosan as an oligomer of chitosan has been widely utilized for various biological applications. Oligochitosan can be produced by enzymatic methods. The production of oligochitosan by enzymatically depolymerizing chitosan requires the use of specific enzymes such as chitosanase or non-specific enzymes such as cellulase that can be obtained from endophytic fungi that are symbiotic with marine biota. The research aims to obtain isolates, characterize and select endophytic fungi from seaweed with chitosanolytic and cellulolytic activities, and identify endophytic fungi that have the potential to produce chitosanolytic and cellulolytic enzymes. The research was conducted with the stages of isolation, screening of enzyme activity, morphological and molecular identification of endophytic fungi. A total of 42 endophytic fungi isolates were successfully isolated from seaweed. One isolate had chitosanolytic activity and 24 isolates had cellulolytic activity with moderate to low cellulolytic index categories. Molecularly, the chitosanolytic and cellulolytic endophytic fungi isolates were identified as Neoantrodia serialis (KTR2), Trichoderma harzianum (KTR3, KTR4) and Apiotrichum mycotoxinovorans (KTR1). The chitosanolytic and cellulolytic enzymes of seaweed endophytic fungi can be developed into alternatives for the enzymatic production of various oligomers, one of which is oligochitosan.
Keyword: enzim, rumput laut, kapang endofit, kitosanolitik, selulolitik

Judul: Pola Pernikahan Masyarakat Batak Karo di Perantauan
Abstrak: Pernikahan adalah budaya yang tidak akan pernah berhenti, pernikahan akan terjadi secara berkelanjutan Dasarnya, karena pernikahan merupakan kebutuhan biologis manusia. Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya akan budaya dan etnis. Setiap suku di Indonesia mempunyai tata cara/adat istiadat dalam pelaksanaan pernikahan itu sendiri. Begitupun dengan suku Batak karo yang mempunyai sendiri tata cara pelaksanaan pernikahan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman Karo Banyak masyarakat yang merantau ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya Bogor berjalan-jalan. Masyarakat Karo yang merantau ke wilayah Bogor pada umumnya akan berusaha melakukan adaptasi ke negara tempat tinggal baru. Keadaan ini juga terjadi pada perkawinan Karo dalam pola adaptasi di Bogor. Namun adaptasi pernikahan masyarakat Karo di Bogor berupaya menjaga nilai-nilai budaya Karo dan sakralisme perkawinan. Mereka do Karo Dimodifikasi pada pola perkawinan, dengan tetap menjaga nilai budaya pernikahan.
Keyword: Weddings Karo, Adaptation marriage patterns, Attitudes