Judul: Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) pada Transportasi Sistem Tertutup Ikan Komet (Carassius auratus)
Abstrak: Kegiatan transportasi ikan hidup dalam budidaya penting untuk diperhatikan karena mempunyai kaitan yang erat dengan tingkat stres ikan pasca transportasi yang mengakibatkan meningkatkannya biaya pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) pada transportasi sistem tertutup ikan komet (Carassius auratus) yang ditransportasikan selama 48 jam terhadap kualitas air, kelulushidupan, respons stres, pertumbuhan ikan pasca transportasi dan analisis keuntungan penggunaan ekstrak daun bandotan. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol dengan kode K0, penambahan esktrak sebanyak 0,25 ml L-1 dengan kode K025, penambahan ekstrak sebanyak 0,5 ml L-1 dengan kode K050. Penambahan ekstrak dengan dosis 0,25 ml L-1 mempunyai TKH sebesar 100% dibanding tanpa penambahan ekstrak dan memiliki nilai keuntungan paling tinggi., The transportation of live fish in aquaculture activities is crucial and deserves attention due to its close connection with the post-transportation stress levels of fish, resulting in increased maintenance costs. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides) to the transportation system of comet goldfish (Carassius auratus) transported for 48 hours on water quality, survival rate, stres response, post-transportation fish growth, and the analysis of the benefits of using bandotan leaf extract. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Treatment consisted of control with code K0, addition of 0.25 ml L-1 extract with code K0.25, addition of 0.5 ml L-1 extract with code K0.50. The addition of the extract at a dose of 0.25 ml L-1 has a TKH of 100% compared to without the addition of the extract and has the highest profit value.
Keyword: comet fish, fish transportation, stress response, water quality

Judul: Addition of Bandotan Leaf Extract (Ageratum conyzoides) to Closed System Transportation of Padang Strain Gourami (Osphronemus goramy)
Abstrak: Kegiatan transportasi ikan hidup pada kegiatan budidaya penting untuk diperhatikan karena berkaitan erat dengan kondisi ikan saat transportasi dan pasca transportasi, sehingga berakibat pada meningkatnya biaya pemeliharaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun bandotan (Ageratum conyzoides) pada transportasi sistem tertutup ikan gurami strain padang (Osphronemus goramy) yang ditransportasikan selama 48 jam terhadap kualitas air, kelulushidupan, respon stres, pertumbuhan ikan pasca transportasi, dan analisis keuntungan. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol dengan kode G1, penambahan esktrak sebanyak 0,2 ml L-1 dengan kode G2, penambahan ekstrak sebanyak 0,4 ml L-1 dengan kode G3, penambahan ekstrak sebanyak 0,6 ml L-1 dengan kode G4. Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini yaitu tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH), laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS), rasio konversi pakan (RKP), parameter kualitas air (fisika dan kimia), parameter respon stres ikan (kadar hemoglobin, kadar glukosa darah, kadar kolesterol, pH darah, pH daging, tingkat konsumsi oksigen, dan histologi insang. Hasil uji statisik ANOVA menunjukkan penambahan ekstrak daun bandotan terhadap media air transportasi, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Penambahan ekstrak dengan dosis 0,4 ml L-1 pada media air transportasi yang berisi ikan gurami padang dengan panjang tubuh rata 10,24±0,30 cm dan bobot rata-rata 16,50±0,19 g meningkatkan kelulushidupan sebesar 100% dibanding tanpa penambahan ekstrak dan memiliki nilai keuntungan paling tinggi dibanding perlakuan lainnya., Live fish transportation activities in aquaculture activities are important to consider because they are closely related to the condition of the fish during transportation and post-transportation, resulting in increased maintenance costs. This study aims to analyze the effect of the addition of bandotan leaf extract (Ageratum conyzoides) in closed system transportation of padang strain gourami (Osphronemus goramy) transported for 48 hours on water quality, survival, stress response, post-transport fish growth, and profit analysis. The research design used was a complete randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 3 replicates. The treatments consisted of control with code G1, the addition of extract as much as 0.2 ml L-1 with code G2, the addition of extract as much as 0.4 ml L-1 with code G3, the addition of extract as much as 0.6 ml L-1 with code G4. Parameters measured in this study were survival rate (SR), daily growth rate (ADG), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), water quality parameters (physical and chemical), fish stress response parameters (hemoglobin levels, blood glucose levels, cholesterol levels, blood pH, meat pH, oxygen consumption rate, and gill histology. The results of ANOVA static test showed the addition of bandotan leaf extract to the transportation water media, and the survival rate was significantly different (P<0,05). The addition of the extract at a dose of 0.4 ml L-1 to the transportation water medium containing Padang gourami with an average body length of 10.24 ± 0.30 cm and an average weight of 16.50 ± 0.19 g increased the survival rate by 100% compared to without the addition of the extract and had the highest profit value compared to other treatments.
Keyword: bandotan leaves, fish transportation, padang gourami

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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