Judul: Pendugaan Umur Simpan Bumbu Mi Instant dalam Kemasan Edible Film dari Pati Sagu dengan Metode Akselerasi
Abstrak: Bumbu mi instant yang dikemas dengan alumunium foil atau plastik sering membuat konsumen mengalami kesulitan saat membukanya. Namun kesulitan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan adanya kemasan edible film. Untuk mengetahui kelayakannya sebagai bahan pengemas maka bumbu yang dikemas edible film perlu diketahui karakteristik dan umur simpannya.
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Judul: Aplikasi edible film dari tapioka sebagai bahan pengemas dengan menentukan umur simpan bumbu mie instant menggunakan metode akselerasi.
Abstrak: Edible film merupakan kemasan yang mempunyai keunggulan yaitu dapat melindungi produk, penampakan asli produk dapat dipertahankan, aman bagi lingkungan serta dapat langsung dimakan. Edible film dapat dibuat dari tapioka dengan komponen penyusun utamanya pati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari sifat-sifat fisik dan kimia edible film dari tapioka dengan menentukan umur simpan bumbu mie instant yang dikemas dengan edible film dari tapioka. Penentuan umur simpan dilakukan dengan metode Akselerasi dan model Arrhenius. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan dengan membuat edible film dari tapioka dengan formulasi dari penelitian sebelumnya. Kemudian dilakukan pengujian kadar air, pH, warna, ketebalan, kuat tarik, persen elongasi, laju transmisi uap air, laju transmisi oksigen dan laju transmisi karbondioksida. Penelitian utama dilakukan dengan menentukan umur simpan bumbu mie instant yang dikemas dengan edible film dari tapioka. Metode penentuan umur simpan yang dipakai adalah metode akselerasi dengan menggunakan model Arrhenius pada suhu penyimpanan 25°C, 30°C, 40°C dengan RH masing-masing 85%. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar air bumbu, A., edible film dan sifat organoleptik bumbu yang diamati setiap tiga hari sekali selama satu bulan. Edible film yang dihasilkan mempunyai rata-rata ketebalan 0.0920 mm, kuat tarik 60.93 kgf/cm², persen elongasi 73.32%, laju transmisi uap air 303.36 g/m²/24 jam, laju transmisi oksigen 0 cc/m²/24 jam, laju transmisi karbondioksida 0.5837 cc/m²/24 jam, derajat keputihan 36.39, kadar air 14.94% (bb) dan 17.56% (bk), pH 6.9, kadar pati 42.96% dan kadar amilosa 14.31%. Konstanta penurunan mutu bumbu yang dikemas dengan edible film dari tapioka adalah 0.09398 pada suhu 25°C, 0.11359 pada suhu 30°C, dan 0.16295 pada suhu 40°C, dan umur simpan bumbu pada suhu 25°C RH 85% adalah 33 hari, suhu 30°C RH 85% adalah 27 hari, suhu 40°C RH 85% adalah 19 hari.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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