Judul: Karakteristik Nanoemulsi Temulawak
Abstrak: Curcumin is the active compound that has many benefits for health, so the potential for development in the pharmaceutical. However, the development potential is limited by the natural characteristics of curcumin. Curcumin is known to have a low solubility in the gastrointestinal tract so it is relatively difficult to get into the blood plasma. In addition, curcumin also degraded easily by free radicals agent necessitating the addition of other antioxidants. One effort to overcome these problems is the manufacture nanokurkumin particles in the form of an emulsion (nanoemulsion). Nanoemulsion is made with high-speed homogenization method at 24 000 rpm for 40 minutes, in order to obtain a grain diameter of 32.62 ± 1.84 nm with a polydispersity index of 0255 ± 0013. Curcumin in preparation nanoemulsi have characteristics include bioavailability, solubility, and stability of droplet size. Nanoemulsion bioavailability test conducted by Franz diffusion method. Solvents used for the solubility test is hexane, water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Nanoemulsi droplet size stability tested by storage at 40C, room temperature and a temperature of 500C with a 90th day storage period. Curcumin in preparation nanoemulsi showed an increase absorption (bioavailability) of 45.97 % compared to the emulsion. In the solubility test changes the solubility of the preparations nanoemulsi than emulsion preparations in various solvents, suggesting a change in solubility characteristics. Nanoemulsi has the best solubility in ethanol with the percent dissolved at 96.74%. Nanoemulsi investigated have better stability than the emulsion preparation at various storage temperatures. Nanoemulsi ginger has better dimensional stability at 40C temperature storage with storage time of 60 days. The addition of citric acid (antioxidant) on nanoemulsi can inhibit decreased levels of curcumin.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), stability., bioavailability, nanoemulsion, curcumin, Temulawak

Judul: Aktivitas Antiinflamasi Sediaan Nanopartikel Ekstrak Kurkuminoid Temulawak Tersalut Asam Palmitat secara In Vivo
Abstrak: Temulawak rhizome contains curcuminoid which have pharmacological activities as an anti-inflammatory. However, oral bioavailability of curcuminoid are very low in the rat and human body. This problem can be overcome by the incorporation of curcuminoid compounds in colloidal carrier systems known as solid lipid nanoparticle (SLN). The objective of this research was to determine the in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of temulawak curcuminoid extract nanoparticles coated with palmitic acid. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of this nanoparticle was evaluated by measuring the ability of nanoparticles in reducing swelling (edema) in paw rats because of carrageenan induced 1%. Nanoparticles of curcuminoid temulawak successfully made with the average size of 99.78 nm and polydispersity index of 0.3550. Nanoparticles curcuminoid can increase the antiinflammatory activity of curcuminoid compounds. The results confirmed, the largest percentage of anti-inflammatory power of nanoparticle curcuminoid extract equivalent to Na-diclofenac.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), palmitic acid, nanoparticles, curcuminoids, anti-inflammatory

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular