Judul: Pengujian Nilai Nutrisi Kulit Rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum, Linn.) Dengan Teknik In Vitro Dalam Pemanfaatannya Sebagai Pakan Ruminansia
Abstrak: Kulit rambutan merupakan limbah tanaman pertanian yang berpotensi sebagai sumber pakan nonkonvensional. Informasi tentang nilai nutrisi dan pemanfaatannya pada ternak belum banyak diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai nilai nutrisi yang terkandung dalam kulit rambutan melalui analisa kimia dan teknik in vitro. Materi penelitian adalah kulit buah rambutan varietas Lebak bulus, Silengleng dan Sinyonya.
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Judul: Evaluasi nutrisi biji rambutan (Nephelium lappaceum, Linn.) sebagai pakan ruminansia dengan teknik in situ
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan mengevaluasi biji rambutan varietas Silengkeng, Sinyonya dan Lebak Bulus yang meliputi komposisi dinding sel, kadar tannin, laju degradasi bahan kering dan bahan organik serta sifat-sifat fisiknya. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan varietas sebagai perlakuan dan periode pemasukan kantong sebagai kelompok. Laju degradasi dihitung dengan persamaan p = A+B (1-e). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan biji rambutan rendah kandungan selulosa , lignin dan tannin. Laju degradasi (c) bahan kering dan bahan organik mempunyai kesamaan diantara varietas dengan kisaran antara 0,0856 0,1107 dan antara 0,1911 0,1095. Inkubasi 48 jam menunjukkan bahwa tingkat degradasi rambutan Sinyonya nyata (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dari Silengkeng, namun keduanya mempunyai kesamaan dengan Lebak Bulus. Terdapat hubungan yang erat antara kadar ADF (X1), selulosa (X2) dan ADL (X3) dengan degradasi bahan kering biji (Y1) dan degradasi bahan organik biji (Y2) yang diinkubasikan selama 48 jam dengan persamaan Y1 = 74,3167 + 2,0088 X1, Y1 = 81,1678 + 1,7247 X2, Y1 = 103,3478-11,6621 X3, Y2 = 75,8821 + 1,8829 X1, Y2 82,2090 + 1,6285 X2 dan Y2 = 102,9091 - 10,6777 X3. Pola degradasi biji tiga varietas rambutan yang diuji mempunyai kesamaan, namun dengan inkubasi 48 jam Sinyonya didegradasi lebih tinggi dari Silengkeng tapi keduanya tidak berbeda dari Lebak Bulus. Sifat degradasi baik, biji rambutan mengandung zat makanan mudah didegradasi yang mampu menyediakan energi mudah tersedia untuk dipergunakan oleh mikroba rumen. Degradasi bahan kering dan organik sangat dipengaruhi oleh kadar komponen dinding sel.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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