Judul: Analisis dampak pembangunan infrastruktur air bersih terhadap pendapatan rumahtangga: Kasus Desa Blimbing Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri
Abstrak: Air merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang harus dipenuhi oleh tiap rumahtangga. Akses yang sulit terhadap air bersih akan menyita waktu sehingga memperbesar opportunity cost untuk kegiatan lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode uji-t berpasangan dan regresi linear berganda dengan enam variabel, yaitu: pendapatan rumahtangga, usia, jumlah tanggungan, tingkat pendidikan, penghematan waktu dan perubahan curahan kerja. Hasil dari uji-t berpasangan menunjukkan adanya perubahan pendapatan rumahtangga antara sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan infrastruktur air bersih dengan peningkatan sebesar 18,8 persen per bulan dengan standar deviasi 12,49. Sedangkan hasil dari regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa usia, jumlah tanggungan, penghematan waktu, dan perubahan curahan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan pendapatan rumahtangga
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Judul: Dampak Pembangunan Irigasi Pedesaan terhadap Kesempatan Kerja dan Distribusi Pendapatan Petani Lahan Tadah Hujan di Kabupaten Blora
Abstrak: Water scarcity was the main problem faced by farmers in rain-fed area. Therefore, the development of village level irrigation had an opportunity to solve this problem. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate financial feasibility of the village level irrigation development in Blora Regency, (2) to assess its impact on income and employment generation, and (3) to assess income redistribution. Financial feasibility of irrigation was evaluated by benefit-cost analysis; its impact on income and employment generation was assessed by pair-test based on before and after project; while its impact on income redistribution was assessed by Gini Index and Factor Share Analysis (FSA). Purposive sampling technique was used to select villages representing three types of irrigation i.e. cekdam (small dam), glontoran (irrigation pumps) and sumur lapang (drilled well). Samples were randomly selected from population in each village. The population was the farmers who got direct benefit from the irrigation development. The results shown that all type of village level irrigation were financially feasible. Financial feasibility of irrigation was affected by water resource reliability and farmers capacity in applying technology and catching agribusiness opportunity. Village level irrigations had generated employment as well as farmers income in these areas. Employment generation lead to benefit agriculture labor indicated by increase of its share on agricultural labor market. Income generation was originated from increase in cropping index and farmer’s commodity reorientation. Result of FSA shown that farmers were the most benefited from this project in terms of relative share either regard to total output or added value. On the other hand, relative share of labor decreased. This means that labor gain less benefit from the project than other factors.
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Judul: Biology Of Columbia Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus Columbus Sher) On Soybean Excised Root Culture
Abstrak: S. Supramana, S. A. Lewis,.J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2001. Biology of Columbia lance nematod. ~ (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher) on soybean excised root culture. Nematropica 31 :283-2~)O. Feeding, egg development and oviposition, embryology, and postembtyonic development or Hoplolaimus col'lmbuswere observed on soybean (cultivar Hutcheson) excised root culture in Gam borg's B5 medium (pH 5.7,1.3% agar). Petri plate sterile cultures were placed inverted on a heated microscope stage (30°C) and observations were conducted using a color video camera and a time lapse digital videoca:;sette recorder. Oocytes were obsetved in each gonad 38 hours after feeding commenced and all egg possessing a terminal stalk was laid 96 hours later. Eggs were deposited it, the one-celled stag~ and a total of 217 hours (9 days) was required for a"newly laid egg to develop into a hatching second-stage juvenile at 30°C. Postembryonic development consisted of threejuvenile stages and an adult female with prior feeding occurring before molts and oviposition. The nematode fed ectoparasiticallyon the subepidermal cells and endoparasitically in the cortex and outer vascular tissue and remained at the infection site for 2·9 days. Key words: Columbia lance nematode, embryology, excised root culture, feeding behavior, HOfilo{aimus columbus, life cycle, oviposition, postembryonic development, soybean.
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