Judul: Potensi Kitosan dan Agens Antagonis dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Karat (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.) Kedelai
Abstrak: The soybean rust disease (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.) is the most important disease of soybean and may cause 90% yield loss. The ability to spread rapidly, present of alternative hosts, and the rapid changes of P.pachyrhizi virulence are the causal of the difficulty to control the disease. This study is to evaluate potential uses of chitosan, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, and chitosan-Streptomyces sp. combination to control the rust disease in two soybean lines. The experiments were conducted using a complete randomized factorial design (4x2) with three replications. Plant developments, disease incidence and severity of rust infection were observed. The studies have shown that all treatments have significantly suppressed soybean rust disease incidence and severity in both soybean lines compared to that of control. The use of T.harzianum has found the most effective and efficient in suppressing disease severity and in increasing plant vegetative growth with no phytotoxic effect.
Keyword: T.harzianum., Streptomyces sp, rust disease, chitosan, B.subtilis

Judul: Potensi Kitosan dan Agens Antagonis dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Karat (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.) Kedelai
Abstrak: Penyakit karat (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.) merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman kedelai yang mampu menurunkan produksi hingga 90%. Kemampuan penyebaran inokulum yang cepat, adanya inang alternatif, dan potensi yang tinggi untuk melakukan perubahan yang mengatur virulensi P.pachyrhizi mengondisikan penyakit ini sulit dikendalikan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi kitosan, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, dan kombinasi kitosan dengan Streptomyces sp. pada dua galur kedelai. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan faktorial acak lengkap (4x2) dengan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah perkembangan tanaman, kejadian penyakit, dan keparahan penyakit karat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan T.harzianum, B.subtilis, dan kitosan kombinasi kitosan dengan Streptomyces sp. efektif memiliki keparahan penyakit penyakit yang lebih rendah daripada kontrol pada kedua galur kedelai. Perlakuan T.harzianum merupakan taktik pengendalian yang paling efektif dan efisien menghambat penyakit karat dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman tanpa menimbulkan fitotoksik.
Keyword: B.subtilis, chitosan, rust disease, Streptomyces sp., T.harzianum.

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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