Judul: Ex situ Conservation of Mangifera casturi Kosterm. based on community in Indragiri Hilir Regency of Riau Province
Abstrak: The ex situ conservation of Mangifera casturi Kosterm. is very important because this is an extinct species in the wild. This study is conducted to conserve the diversity of M. casturi genetic resources. The collections of living organisms that are conserved ex situ can be used for many purposes, including research, education and public awareness. In addition, through an ex situ conservation it is possible to use species as a source of economic income for the community. The study of M. casturi in Indragiri Hilir Regency, was to map the distribution of this species, identify its bio-ecological factors, elucidate the population structure and identify stimulus factors in community. The data obtained will be useful to formulate the ex situ conservation strategy of M. casturi based the community participation. The spread of M. casturi in the Indragiri Hilir Regency cannot be separated from the migration of Banjar ethnic of South Kalimantan in the 1860’s. Currently, the population of M. casturi has spread to several districts in Indragiri Hilir Regency, including Tembilahan City district, Gaung district, Gaung Anak Serka district (GAS), Batang Tuaka district, and Kuindra district. The results showed that the populations of M. casturi were mostly found in Gaung and GAS districts. The inventory conducted in the two districts found a total of 1315 individuals of M. casturi. This amount represents the total of 1085 individuals in the GAS district and 230 individuals in the Gaung district. The successful ex situ conservation of this species in this area seemed to be supported by at least three stimulus: natural, benefit, and religious stimulus. However both internal and external factors belonging to the local community values also influenced significantly. In the GAS district, ex situ conservation of M. casturi was mainly supported by benefit stimulus while in the Gaung district the ex situ conservation effort was supported by mainly religious stimulus. The principle component analysis (PCA) was performed to determine possible relationships between the ex situ conservation of M. casturi and the supporting variables within the community. In the GAS district, the ex situ conservation effort of M. casturi was significantly supported by the species population size, harvest and market activites. However pre-planting activities were also important. In the Gaung district, ex situ conservation of the valuable mango was supported not only by the population size, harvest and market activites, but also by pre-planting activites as well as land status and size. Indeed M. casturi has a promising economic value and market potential to be developed as an important agro-commodity in Indragiri Hilir Regency.
Keyword: ex situ conservation, extinct in the wild, Indragiri Hilir, Mangifera casturi

Judul: Kajian Konservasi Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensi Becc.) di Hutan Adat Desa Aur Kuning, Provinsi Riau
Abstrak: Kulim (Scorodocarpus borneensis) is one of whose existence is threatened in the natural forest. Kulim in Riau has now become one of the rare plant species. Utilization of plant and logging is one of the causes the scarcity of a particular type of population. Limited information about kulim cause conservation of kulim is not a priority. This study aims to estimate the population of kulim contained in natural forest of Aur Kuning village, alternative uses of kulim by the people and conservation efforts that can be done. Vegetation data retrieval is done using analysis of vegetation checkered line method that is then analyzed by descriptive quantitative. Data retrieval regarding the form of utilization and conservation efforts of kulim is done using in-depth interviews to the local community and then analyzed by descriptive. Based on the results of this research kulim allegedly contained in the forest of Aur Kuning village is 1333 ind / ha nursery, 101 ind / ha stakes, 9 ind / ha poles, and 24 ind / ha tree. These results indicate that kulim stands in natural forest is not normal because of the large number of seedling growth into tree is not matched . Based on the observation, there is a disturbance in the growth of kulim form of kulim logging and kulim timber growth that is relatively slow. This can lead to declines kulim population. Kulim utilization by the community that is as raw material for frame houses, bridges, and raw materials in the wooden shipbuilding industry. Kulim fruit used as raw material for traditional medicine. The existence of utilization kulim made by public are not controlled and well managed, this is feared could cause kulim population will decrease. Hence the need for kulim conservation efforts supported with cultibation efforts. Judging from the tri-stimulus AMAR (natural, benefits, willing) it is known that the attitude shown by the people only look at the use of kulim. Kulim slow growth and low interest of the community to make cultivation efforts causes no stimulus that could encourage people to conserve kulim. Therefore,it is needed for government to intervention in the conservation of kulim. Communities can act as a driver of conservation and the government can act as area and seed provider. This is because kulim included rare breed and should receive attention in terms of sustainability. The intervention of the government and other stakeholders are expected to support Kulim conservation efforts. Conservation activities carried out jointly between the government and the public should be able to build people's attitudes so that there will be a conservation action. It is important to support sustainability.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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