Judul: Economic Rent Seeking on the Implementation of Soybean Self-Sufficiency Program in Indonesia
Abstrak: Pemenuhan kebutuhan kedelai masih tergantung pada impor sehingga mendorong pemerintah melakukan upaya peningkatan produksi melalui program swasembada. Program swasembada tersebut dilakukan dengan memberikan perlindungan kepada petani melalui kebijakan yang dikeluarkan. Kebijakan tersebut belum dapat meningkatkan produksi kedelai, bahkan cenderung mengalami penurunan. Keberadaan kelompok tertentu yang memanfaatkan pelaksanaan program swasembada kedelai diduga sebagai penyebabnya. Dugaan ini diperkuat dengan hasil penelitian di negara lain yang menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan pemerintah dimanfaatkan kelompok kepentingan tertentu untuk melakukan perburuan rente ekonomi. Selain itu, secara teoritis menyatakan bahwa perburuan rente ekonomi terjadi salah satunya karena adanya tarif impor. Sementara di Indonesia kebijakan tarif impor merupakan kebijakan yang konsisten dilakukan pemerintah sejak tahun 1974 sampai saat ini. Dengan demikian semakin kuat dugaan bahwa ada kelompok kepentingan tertentu yang telah memanfaatkan program swasembada kedelai di Indonesia. Namun keberadaan kelompok tersebut sampai saat ini masih belum bisa dibuktikan., The fulfillment of soybeans needs is still dependent on imports so the government makes efforts to increase the production of soybeans through self-sufficiency program. The self-sufficiency program was applied by giving a protection to farmers through policies issued. The policy has not been able to increase the production of soybeans, a trend to decrease. The existence of certain groups that take advantage of the implementation of the soybean self-sufficiency program was suspected as the cause. This suspicion was reinforced by the study results of other countries showed that government policies were used certain interest groups to seek economic rent. The theoretically stated that one of the factors that led to the economic rent seeking was an import tariff. In Indonesia, the import tariff policy is the consistent policy of the Government since 1974 to date. Thus the stronger the expectation that there is a specific interest groups who have leveraged soybean self-sufficiency program in Indonesia. However, the existence of the group is still yet to be proven.
Keyword: rent-seeking, economic rent, soybean self-sufficiency, social cost, political weight

Judul: The impact of economic policy and trade liberalization on the performance of the Indonesia soybean industry
Abstrak: Kesenjangan antara produksi dan konsumsi kedelai nasional disebabkan karena lambatnya pertumbuhan produksi dibandingkan laju partumbuhan konsumsi, terutama karena pesatnya perkemkembangan industri pengolah kedelai. Adapun kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan produksi kedelai Indonesia adalah: (1 ) tingkat penerapan tehologi yang rendah (2) tigginya harga input dan rendahnya kedelai, serta (3) rendahnya kemitraan dan partisipasi perusahaan swasta dalam pengembangan kedelai., The gap between national production and consumption of soybean is caused by the slow production rate compared to the high consumption rate as result of the high growth rate soybean processing industry. Constraintts facing the development of soybean production in Indonesia are (1) inadequate application technology, (2) high price of input and low price of soybean, and (3) lack of partnership and participation of private business in developing soybean.
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Judul: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Posphate
Abstrak: Biphasio calsium phosphate (BCP), which was a mixture of hydroxypatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by sintering process. Hydroxyapatite was produced by using natural calcium source CaO from hen's eggshell and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate souce, other hydroxyapatite sample was produce by using synthetic calcium source Ca(OH) and H3PO4 as phosphate source.
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