Judul: Seleksi Kapang Mucor untuk Produksi Minyak Mengandung Asam Gamma Linolenat dengan Sistem Fermentasi Padat pada Media Onggok - Ampas Tahu dan Onggok - Dedak Padi
Abstrak: Minyak mikroba atau minyak sel tunggal mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh jamak tertentu seperti asam gamma linoleat (GLA) dan eikosapentaenoat (EPA). GLA adalah asam lemak omega - 6 yang merupakan turunan asam linoleat. Asam linoleat merupakan asam lemak esensial sehingga harus disuplai dari makanan.
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Judul: Produksi minyak mengandung asam y- linolenat tinggi dari kapang Mucor inaequisporus M05 II/4 dengan berbagai sumber nitrogen dari limbah industri pertanian
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan bahan-bahan limbah pertanian sebagai medium pertumbuhan mikroorganisme sudah banyak dilakukan. Ampas tahu, limbah cair tahu, dedak padi dan molases masih memiliki sejumah nutrisi yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber nutrisi bagi pertumbuhan kapang untuk memproduksi minyak dengan kadar asam y- linolenat tinggi. Asam y-linolenat adalah asam lemak omega 6 (18:3n6) yang esensial bagi tubuh manusia. Konsums dalam jumlah yang cukup setiap hari mampu mencegah berbagai penyakit dan gangguan fisiologis pada tubuh karena asam y- linolenat adalah prekursor pembentukan prostaglandin, terutama prostaglandin seri 1 (PG1). Kapang Mucor inaequisporus M05 11/4 dilaporkan mampu memproduksi asam y- linolenat paling efektif dibandingkan kurang lebih 20 spesies kapang Mucorales yang diisolasi dari produk-produk fermentasi tradisional Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan memproduksi minyak kapang Mucorinaequisporus M05 II/4 yang kaya asam y-linolenat dari medium dengan campurar bahan limbah pertanian dan mengoptimalkan komposisinya. Pada penelitian tahap pertama, kapang ditumbuhkan pada medium dengan campuran bahan limbah sebagai sumber nitrogen medium, yaitu tepung ampas tahu 1%, ekstrak ampas tahu 60 g/l, limban cair tahu dan dedak padi 1%. Produksi miselium dilakukan dalam inkubator bergoyang berkecepatan 150 rpm dan bersuhu 25°C selama 7 hari. Sumber karbon medium adaah glukosa 30g/l. Kadar miselium tertinggi diperoleh dari medium dengan NH,NO (10,62 g/l medium) dan terendah dari medium limbah cair tahu (3,98 g/l). Medium dedak padi menghasilkan kadar lemak padata tersaring tertinggi (15,86%). Produktivitas lemak tertinggi berasal dari medium NH2NO (1,22 g/l). Di antara medium limbah, medium dedak padi adalah yang terbaik dengan nilai produktivitas lemak 1,17 g/l.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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