Judul: Amount of Erythrocytes, Hematocrit, and  Hemoglobin in Subchronic Toxicity Test of Endophytic Fungi in Soursop Leaves  Extract (Annona muricata L.)
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian in vitro dan in vivo terhadap ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan menunjukkan adanya kemampuan sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7 dan penurunan volume kanker pada tikus yang diinduksi DMBA, sehingga ekstrak ini dapat digunakan sebagai obat antikanker payudara. Uji toksisitas akut dan subakut juga telah dilakukan dan menunjukkan tidak adanya efek toksik sehingga perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas oral subkronis sebelum dilanjutkan ke uji klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan nilai eritrosit, hematokrit, dan hemoglobin antar kelompok tikus Sprague-dawley setelah pemberian ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) selama 90 hari. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kgBB, serta kelompok satelit normal dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB. Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa jumlah eritrosit, kadar hematokrit dan konsentrasi hemoglobin tidak berbeda nyata antara kelompok perlakuan dan satelit dengan kelompok normal. Nilai semua parameter masih berada pada rentang normal., In vitro and in vivo research on soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract showed a cytotoxicity ability against MCF-7 cells and reduced the cancer volume in DMBA induced rats, so it can be used as breast cancer drug. Acute and subacute toxicity test did not show any toxic effect therefore a subchronic oral toxicity test is needed prior to clinical test. This study aims to compare the value of erythrocytes, hematocrits, and hemoglobins on Sprague-dawley rats after given ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi in soursop leaves (Annona muricata L) for 90 days. The rats were divided into 6 groups: normal rats; group of rats given extract doses of 20, 80 and 240 mg/kgBW; the satellite group which were given normal treatment and the satellite group which were given the extract dose of 240 mg/kgBW. ANOVA analysis showed that the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit level and hemoglobin concentration were not significantly different between the treatment and satellite groups with the normal group. The values of all parameters are still in the normal range
Keyword: eritrosit, hematokrit, hemoglobin, kapang endofit, toksisitas, endophytic fungi, erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, toxicity

Judul: Analisis Plateletcrit dan Red Blood Cell Distribution Width pada Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Daun Sirsak (Annona muricara L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan adanya aktivitas antikanker ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Uji toksisitas subkronis perlu dilakukan sebelum dapat masuk ke fase uji klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur nilai plateletcrit (PCT) dan red blood cell distribution width (RDW) pada tikus betina Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi dengan variasi dosis ekstrak kapang endofit untuk melihat toksisitasnya. Tikus dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kg bb, serta kelompok satelit dengan satelit normal dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kg bb. Kelompok satelit digunakan untuk melihat adanya efek tertunda. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada parameter PCT dan RDW antara kelompok normal dengan kelompok yang diinduksi sediaan uji. Data kelompok satelit juga tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit amat dikonsumsi selama 90 hari terhadap parameter RDW dan PCT., Previous studies showed that the endophytic mold extracted from soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) has an anticancer ability against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A subchronic toxicity test was needed before proceeding into the clinical trial. This study aimed to compare the value of plateletcrit (PCT) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on female Sprague-Dawley rats induced with endophytic mold extract with various doses to see its toxicity. The rats were grouped into six groups, the control group, groups that were given the extract with doses of 20, 80, and 240 mg/kg bw, as well as satellite groups that consist of normal satellite group and satellite group which was induced with 240 mg/kg bw dose of extract. The satellite group was used to show any delayed toxicity effect. ANOVA test for both parameters showed no significant difference between the control group and the group induced with endophytic mold extract. The satellite group also didn’t show any significant difference for both parameters. It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic mold from soursop leaves is safe to be consumed for 90 days in regards to the PCT and RDW parameters.
Keyword: endophytic fungi, plateletcrit, red blood cell distribution width, toxicity

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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