Judul: Dimensi Sosial dan Ekologi Masyarakat Terhadap Potensi Transmisi Penyakit pada Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Javan rhinoceros is a one horned rhino that can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park. Java rhino population is 47 individuals right now made this animal was categorizing as critically endangered. In the last three years, the mortality of javan rhino in UKNP reached 3 individuals. The deceased of javan rhinoceros need serious intention because of the mystery of causa mortem. Almost all carcasses still have horn and minor sign of poaching indicate that these carcasses are diseased. It was believed that might be it’s because of the regular herding of domestic ungulates in the rhinos habitat. This open sharing of habitat between rhinos and buffalo has the potential to disseminate infectious disease agents from domestic animals to Javan rhinoceroses The main aims of this study were to understand the potential of disease transmission happening in the park to propose possible solution to the problem. This study has two objectives that include the following: (1) to analysis the mechanism of disease transmission between buffalo and sympatric javan rhino through ectoparasites vector inventory in the Ujung Kulon National Park; (2) to analysis social and economic value of buffalo in the village surrounding national park. This study showed that, there were four mechanisms of disease transmission could be happen between buffalo and javan rhinos in the park. The role of buffalo as main source of economic income has been change at this moment. The analysis of social and economic value with discriminant analysis showed that education and ages (experience) have influence to change the villager vision to saw the role of social and economic and herd’s management of buffalo in the village. The conflicts of natural resources in conservation area should be solving with integrated management between national park and the villages surrounding it. Education could be good factor to change herd behavior from free to close ranging management. Finally, to resolve natural resources conflict need to change paradigm thought problem out of the box, law approach occasionally ineffective without social and ecology approach.
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Judul: Analisis Karakteristik Kubangan Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822) Di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest 1822) is a rare and unique species. Today, its population can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park. One of insitu conservation efforts to keep the population existence of javan rhino is creating the second habitat. The most important thing to conduct this program is to identify the behaviors of javan rhino. Wallowing is an important behavior of javan rhino. Based on javan rhino’s behavior, the characteristic of its wallow can be identified. The observed characteristics of wallow will determine the standard or criteria of habitat which will be used for selection strategy of further javan rhino’s wallow. The objective of this study was to identify the wallow characteristic of javan rhino both physical and biological factors and to identify the dominant ecological factor in determining wallow selection strategy for javan rhino. The results of this study is hopefully used for the consideration in determining the second habitat of javan rhino and for the basics information of habitat development of javan rhino insitu conservation. The data that were collected consisted of physical characteristic javan rhino’s wallow i.e. the length and the width of wallow, the depth of mud and water of wallow, water pH inside the wallow, the height of wallow site, the temperature and humidity, and the distance from wallow to the coastal, river, and from human access. The biotic characteristic aspects of javan rhino’ wallow that were observed consisted of the number of javan rhino’ feed and the total density of vegetation spread around the wallow according to result of vegetation analysis. The observation result shows that the dominant length of wallow was range from 3-4 meters and the width was range from 2-3 meters. The temperature was about 26-29°C with 67-90% of humidity, water pH of the wallow was normal (pH 7). The height of wallow site was < 100 m above sea level, and mostly found in 1354-2292 meters from the coastal, 702-1012 meters from the river, and 50-370 meters from human access. The total density of vegetation around the wallow was about 8750-53755 ind/ha for the seedling, 800-18607 ind/ha for the sapling, 25- 906 ind/ha for the poles, and 25-174 ind/ha for the tree. The location of 16th and 18th wallows consisted of highest number of feed, which were 35 species of plants. Based on the result of factor analysis, the dominant ecological factors of wallow selection are height of the site, air temperature, and tree density.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4