Judul: Kajian Morfologi dan Morfometri Spermatozoa Anoa  (Bubalus Sp) dengan Pewarnaan Williams dan Eosin-  Nigrosin
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi spermatozoa anoa dengan pewarnaan Williams serta mengkaji morfometri spermatozoa anoa dengan pewarnaan Williams (W) dan eosin-nigrosin (EN). Kajian terhadap karakteristik morfologi dan morfometri spermatozoa anoa selama ini belum pernah dilaporkan. Semen dikoleksi dengan teknik elektroejakulator dari dua ekor anoa jantan (A dan B) di Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua-Bogor. Anoa A dengan umur 10 tahu dan berat 80 kg dianggap sebagai anoa tua dilakukan pengambilan sampel 2 kali, sedangkan anoa B dengan umur 3 tahun dan berat 50 kg dianggap sebagai anoa muda dilakukan pengambilan sampel 1 kali. Semen segar yang diperoleh dievaluasi terlebih dahulu secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis untuk mengetahui karakteristik secara umum. Kajian morfologi spermatozoa dilakukan dengan pewarnaan W, sedangkan untuk kajian morfometri dilakukan dengan pewarnaan W dan EN. Evaluasi morfologi dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 400x sebanyak 10 lapangan pandang atau 200 sel untuk masing-masing anoa. Pengukuran morfometri spermatozoa dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrometer dengan parameter pengukuran meliputi panjang dan lebar kepala, panjang ekor bagian tengah dan utama, serta panjang total spermatozoa pada 100 sel.
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Judul: Study of reproductive behavior, semen preservation, and aplication of artificial insemination technique in anoa (Bubalus Sp.) in Captivity
Abstrak: The anoa population is unevitably decreasing due to various reasons, therefore anoa included in the list of endangered species by IUCN and Appendix I by CITIES. Anoa breeding efforts in captivity has not been successful. The objectives of the study were to determine and observe estrous cycle, semen characteristics, sperm preservation, AI application, and partus behavior in anoa. The studies were conducted at Ragunan Zoo Jakarta and Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor. Sexual behaviors were observed during the daytime, and the estrous cycles were determined. Ejaculates were collected by electroejaculation technique, and the biometry of external reproductive organs was measured. Ejaculates were evaluated, including the characterization of biochemical contents of the seminal plasma, and the sperm morphology and biometry. Ejaculates were extended with Tris and Nacitrate extenders, and then stored in the temperature of 4 oC. Frozen semen was prepared using Tris extender added with 5% glycerol. Intracervical insemination was conducted using extended semen (100 x 106 sperm/1.0 mL). The results showed that the female anoas exhibit the various estrous signs including restlessness, frequent urination, vaginal mucus excretion, vulva swollen and hyperemia, and flagging of the tail. The vaginal cytology showed that the domination of the superficial cells was occured during estrus period. The average of estrous cycle of anoa is 21.21±0.56 day with approximately 2 days estrous duration, and the optimum mating is predicted at day 2 of estrus. Various semen characteristics of anoa were observed: 1.03±0.19 mL of volume, 54.29±10.97% of motility, 245.71±87.68 x 106 mL-1 of sperm concentration, and 31.59±4.51% of sperm abnormality. The total length of anoa sperms was 62.94±0.50 μm. The lipid, Na, Ca, and Mg contain in the seminal plasma of male anoa were higher than the buffalo’s. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of seminal plasma demonstrated 10 bands (17-148 kDa). Extended semen was applicable to AI program for over 24-36 h, and post thawing sperm motility was 26.00±9.62%. Inseminations have resulted in one pregnancy. The first stage of partus (cervical dilatation) was characterized by the mucus discharge, abdominal contraction, and the rupture of the amniotic membrane; the second stage (fetal expulsion) was characterized by powerfull abdominal contraction and fetal delivery; and the third stage (placental expulsion) was indicated by placental delivery and the swallowing the placenta by the dam. The duration of each stages of parturition was 6-8 h, 30-60 min, and 15-180 min. The placental type of anoa is cotyledonaria, with the cotyledons diameter and thickness were 2.47±0.45 and 0.62±0.12 cm. It is concluded that the sexual behavior can be used to accurately determine the length of the estrous cycle of anoa. The semen quality was fairly good and AI technique was applicable to anoa. The characteristic of parturition process and placenta of anoa were comparable to the buffalo.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4