Judul: Aktivitas Antioksidan dari Buah Bakau (Rhizophora mucronata Lamk.) pada Formulasi Skin Lotion dengan Karaginan
Abstrak: Skin lotion was a cosmetic product which served soften and preserving the skin from drying. Carrageenan acted as a thickener and the role of mangrove fruit as a source of antioxidants in the skin lotion. The objectives of this research were to determine the best concentration of the addition of carrageenan and antioxidant activity of mangrove fruit (Rhizophora mucronata) in skin lotion. Analysis conducted in this research were proximatet analysis of carrageenan and skin lotion analysis. The results showed compositions of carrageenan were: moisture 9,35%, ash 16,65%, acid-insoluble ash 0%, sulfate 12,55%, and viscosity value 40,25 cps. The carragenan concentration was 1.5% with the sensory characteristic ranged between “kind of like” to “like”, pH value 7,62, viscosity 2500 cP, emulsion stability 100%, weight shrinkage 3,72%, and total microbes less than 25 cfu. Antioxidant activity for extract mangrove fruit had IC50 value of 0,72 ppm. Antioxidant activity on skin lotion for 0,5% mangrove fruit concentration was 183,816 ppm, and 1% mangrove fruit concentration was 130,494 ppm.
Keyword: skin lotion., Rhizopora mucronta, carragenan, antioxidants

Judul: Efek Fotoprotektif Buah Bakau (Rhizopora mucronata Lamk.) pada Krim Tabir Surya dengan Penambahan Karaginan
Abstrak: Mangrove fruit (R. mucronata) has an antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds. Flavonoids and tannins are potentially to be used as sunscreens as UV light absorber. Kappaphycus alvarezii produces carrageenan, which can be used as stabilizers, thickeners, and emulsifiers for lotions products. The aim of this study was to determine the best concentration of the carrageenan addition for cream preparation based on the characteristics, to determine the activity of mangrove fruit extract as the sunscreen compounds, and to determine the SPF value of creams containing extracts of mangrove fruits. The best concentration of carrageenan used for cream was 0.5% with the cream sensory characteristic ranged from “kind of like” to “like”, pH 7.62, viscosity 38,250 cP, emulsion stability 100%, weight shrinkage 3.72%, and microbial total was <102 colonies/g. Crude extract of the mangrove fruit has a total phenol values of 37.90% (w/w), total flavonoids was 0.51% (w/w) and tannin content was 6.20 mg/g. Mangrove fruit extract which was added to the cream with 0,5% and 1% had SPF value of 7.75±0.01 and 10.21±0.06, respectively.
Keyword: SPF, Rhizophora mucronata, phenols, flavonoids, carrageenan

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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