Judul: Potency of Takokak (Solanum torvum) as Anti-proliferation and Anti-inflammation Cancer Cells
Abstrak: Cancer is the first ranks as the cause of death in the world, which is reaching out of total deaths number 7.4 million people or 13 % of total deaths. 72 % of total death in developing countries one of these is Indonesia. Among non infectious diseases, cancer rank is found equal to the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (4th rank) as much as 10.2 % after stroke, hypertension, and ischemic heart. Cancer is a leading cause of death equivalent diabetes mellitus which note as 6th rank. This study aims to: (1). Study the qualitative chemical component content of takokak (Solanum torvum). (2). Analyse degree of ripeness of the takokak fruit extracts ethanol on yield, total phenol and antioxidant activity (3). Analyse the toxicity of extracts takokak. (4). Analyse the inhibition mechanism of extracts takokak on cells line cancer. (5). Study effect of extracts takokak as a cancer cells anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory. The study was designed in five stages: (1) Qualitative test chemical components of takokak extracts. (2) Experimental studies of extraction ethanol of takokak fruit. (3) Evaluation of toxicity levels of takokak extracts using brine shrimp lethality test method. (4) Inhibition test of takokak extract using MTT (5-dimethylthiazol-2, 5-diphenyltetrazoliumbromide) method. (5) Experimental studies to examine the effect of the extracts takokak as anti-inflamation and anti-proliferation. The results of the study indicated that the qualitative test takokak root extracts has the most complete component, that were alkaloids, triterpenoids, tannins and flavonoids. The highest toxicity levels of extracts was leaves takokak extracts with LC50 value is 6.8 μg/ml. The results showed that extracts of dried dark fruit takokak ethanol 70 % had the highest yield that had 32.7%. The highest level of total phenol content was fresh dark fruit takokak extracts ethanol 70 % was 96,141.0 mg GAE/100 g. The highest level of antioxidant activity was takokak old dried fruit extracts 96 % ethanol was 1,406.0 g AEAC/100 mg. Extracts takokak fruit inhibited lung cancer cells (A549) with IC50 was 335.7 μg/ml. Extracts takokak fruit inhibited breast cancer cells (MCF-7) with IC50was 1,153.5 μg/ml. Extracts takokak fruit inhibited servic cancer cells (HeLa) with IC50 was 1,261.8 μg/ml. Concentration takokak extracts significant effected increasing levels of TNF-α (p=0.000) and levels of SOD (p=0.023). Concentration takokak extracts significantly effected decreasing levels of IL-6 (p=0.000).
Keyword: Solanum torvum, anti-proliferation, anti-inflammation

Judul: Metabolomic application for identification bioactive components: antibacterial components from takokak fruit extracts (Solanum torvum Swart).
Abstrak: Solanum torvum Swartz, commonly known as Takokak, has been traditionally used in Indonesia to cure several diseases. Fruits of Solanum torvum Swartz are used to cure anti-edemic, as analgesic, to improve blood circulation, to alleviate pain, as antitusive, as anti-inflammatory, to relieve stomach pain, toothache, cataracts, menstruation disorders, hemorrhoids, sore breasts, influenza, swelling, ulcers, soreness, sore waist, high uric acid, bone loss, heart palpitations, and for detoxification (Andarwulan et al. 2012). The antibacterial activity of Takokak fruit has been reported as well (Chah et al. 2000, Bari et al. 2010, Sivapriya et al. 2011). However, up to now no reports yet on compounds responsible for takokak’s antibacterial activity. Metabolomics has been found to be more efficient for identification tool of active principles in a complex mixture such as plant extract than the conventional way, which is known as bioassay guided isolation. To achieve this, a specific extraction method that is able to extract the widest possible range of metabolites, and a suitable analytical tool to detect them are required (Yuliana et al. 2011). From 4507,5 g fresh Takokak fruits 376 g dried powder was obtained. Extraction and fractionation with diverse polarity of solvents gave 5,62 g of methanol extract (M), 3,09 g of n-hexane fraction (H), 1,37 g of chloroform fraction (K), 2,59 g of ethyl acetate fraction (E), and 11,78 g of water fraction (A). The result of antibacterial activity indicated that among all the tested extracts and fractions, M extract and K fraction exhibited medium antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus while others did not. Inhibition zone diameters of M extract were between 4-4,5 mm and K fraction were between 6,5–6,8 mm. The results of TLC showed 6 spots of M extract, 1 spot of H fraction, 10 spots of K fraction, 3 spots of E fraction, and 1 spot of A fraction. The TLC spots appearance (blue fluorescence in UV 366 and 254 nm) suggested that steroid components are probably the active components of Takokak fuit. Furthermore analysis to provide chemical compoisition of the extract and fractions was conducted by with HPLC. The chromatograms of each sample were converted into excel file and then were correlated to its antibacterial activity. There are several possible plots as OPLS outputs to be used to interpret the results. In this study we used score plot, Y-related coefficient plot, and X varian plot. The score plot showed good separation between active and non-active takokak extracts and fractions therefore the study was promising to conduct further. Next, the OPLS Y-related coefficient plot was evaluated. In this study, we are interested to find peak of 17,76 – 18,08 min retention time with a high positive correlation value, which means that the higher peak intensity or the higher peak area value implicates to the higher antibacterial activity as well. In further analysis, we used X varian plot to identify the extract or the fraction where the peak of 17,76 – 18,08 min retention time was dominant. It was discovered that the peak was dominant in fractions K measured at UV λ = 310 nm. Therefore, we chose
Keyword: metabolomics, Takokak, antibacterial activity, OPLS, torvoside

Judul: Perancangan lanskap resor di Hangzau Xixi Tourist Resort Hotel Group China
Abstrak: Resor merupakan salah satu sarana pendukung untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rekreasi. Lanskap resor merupakan hal yang penting untuk dipelajari guna menciptakan sebuah resor yang dapat memenuhi kepuasan rekreasi manusia, mengingat resor adalah objek wisata yang memaksimalkan potensi lanskap. Cina merupakan salah satu negara tujuan wisata yang sangat terkenal dengan objek dan atraksi kebudayaan dan filosofinya. Keunikan budaya tradisional Cina dan juga didukung oleh panoramanya yang indah menjadi nilai jual pariwisata yang tinggi bagi negara ini. Salah satu wilayah di Cina, tepatnya di Xixi, Hangzhou, provinsi Zhejiang yang merupakan wilayah wetland menjadi tujuan untuk pembangunan resor.
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