Judul: Composting of organic rice straw towards “Zero Waste Production Management”
Abstrak: Budidaya padi sawah merupakan kegiatan yang lazim dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, terutama daerah pedesaan. Konsep yang diterapkan petani saat ini adalah dengan memberikan kebutuhan unsur hara tanaman menggunakan pupuk kimia sintetik menurut dosis yang telah ditentukan. Pemberian pupuk kimia sintetik secara tidak langsung telah menyebabkan degradasi lahan pertanian dan dalam proses produksi pupuk tersebut juga dikeluarkan emisi gas langsung ke udara. Budidaya padi selain menghasilkan beras, juga menghasilkan limbah berupa jerami, sekam, dan gas metana serta non metana. Jerami merupakan limbah potensial yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan budidaya padi dengan potensi 12-15 ton/ha jerami segar. Pada umumnya Jerami dibakar oleh petani untuk mereduksi volume limbah dan kegiatan ini menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang akan meningkatkan pemanasan global sebagai gas rumah kaca dan menimbulkan limbah baru berupa abu (ash) sisa dari pembakaran.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi sebagai Pupuk Organik untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi (Oryza sativa)
Abstrak: The leveling off of rice production in Indonesia is mainly caused by degradation of wetlands, which could be characterized by low organic matter content. The factors that cause this issue such as the utilization inorganic fertilizer only, the habit of farmers by carrying out rice straw off from wetland or burning of rice straw. The objectives of this research were (1) to test the ability of decomposers in speeded up the decomposition process of rice straw,( 2) examined the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. The experiment used completely randomized block design. The treatment was tested of decomposers namely control/no decomposers (D0), decomposers collection of Prof Iswandi Anas, and commercial decomposers. The treatments in field experiment namely NPK 100%, NPK 50%, NPK 50% + PO1, and NPK 50% + PO2 + PB. PO1 and PO2 was an organic fertilizer that each decomposed by D1 and D2, while PB was a bioorganic fertilizer. Application of decomposers in this experiment did not speed up the decomposition of rice straw, because the rice straw had been decomposed. It was indicated by the low C/N. There was a possibility of the presence of decomposers microbes in control because of the straw was saved for 10 days in humid conditions. Application of 50% NPK with organik fertilizer to 100% NPK was not significantly meant application of NPK fertilizer on field research was sufficient at 50% dose, so that the role of organic fertilizer could not be evaluated. However, there was a tendency of enhancing growth and yield of rice in addition of decomposed organic fertilizer by decomposers.
Keyword: 

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
Keyword: