Judul: Use of Kandis Acid (Garcinia xanthocymus) as an Acidifier to Improve the Physicochemical Properties of Broiler Chicken
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan zat acidifier dan antioksidan ekstrak Garcinia xanthochymus dalam air minum untuk memperbaiki sifat fisikokimia daging ayam broiler. Asam kandis mengandung senyawa fenolik yang memiliki aktivitas biologis seperti antioksidan, antimikroba, dan sitotoksik. Senyawa fenolik yang terdapat dalam asam kandis adalah flavonoid, santon, dan benzofenon. Flavonoid dapat berperan langsung sebagai antibiotik dengan mengganggu fungsi metabolisme mikroorganisme seperti bakteri atau virus. Tiga ratus day old chicken dibagi menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan air minum dan 5 ulangan dengan masing-masing 15 ekor broiler. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan perlakuan yaitu: P0 (kontrol), ekstrak asam dengan pH 2 (P1), pH 3 (P2), dan pH 4 (P3), ekstrak diberikan 2 kali per minggu setelah minggu ketiga. Parameter yang diamati adalah karakteristik fisik daging (kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar pH daging, dan keempukan daging) dan bobot potong komersial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan Garcinia xanthochymus pada pH 4 nyata (P<0.05) meningkatkan kadar protein pada daging dada, namun penggunaan Garcinia xanthochymus pada pH 2-pH 4 tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, kadar lemak, kadar pH daging. , dan kelembutan daging) dan bobot potong komersial. Pemberian acidifier asam kandis pada pH 4 lebih efektif meningkatkan kadar protein pada daging dada ayam broiler., The purpose of this study was to evaluate the usage of acidifier and antioxidants of extract of Garcinia xanthochymus in drinking water to improve physicochemical properties of Broiler Chicken. Garcinia xanthochymus contains phenolic compounds which have biological activities such as antioxidants, antimicrobials and cytotoxics. The phenolic compounds found in kandis acid are flavonoids, xanthones, and benzophenones. Flavonoids can act directly as antibiotics by disrupting the function of the metabolisms of microorganisms such as bacteria or viruses. Three hundred day old chicken were divided into four group treatment of drinking water and 5 replications with 15 broiler in each replication. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this experiment and the treatments were: P0 (control), extract of Garcinia xanthochymus with pH 2 (P1), pH 3 (P2), and pH 4 (P3), giving the Garcinia xanthochymus extract for 2 times per week after the third week. The parameters observed were physical characteristics of the meat (water content, fat content, protein levels, meat pH level, and meat tenderness) and commercial cut weight. The results showed that usage of Garcinia xanthochymus at pH 4 significantly (P<0.05) increased protein levels in breast meat, but the usage of Garcinia xanthochymus at pH 2-pH 4 showed no significant effect on water content, fat content, meat pH level, and meat tenderness) and commercial cut weight. The conclusion of this study was acidifier at pH 4 was more effective at increasing protein levels in broiler chicken breast meat.
Keyword: acidifier of asam kandis, commercial cut, physicochemical properties

Judul: Evaluation of Kandis Acid (Garcinia xanthochymus) Solution as Acidifier on Broiler Performance
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh asam organik terhadap kinerja ayam broiler. Sebanyak 300 ekor ayam broiler strain hybro dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Tiap ulangan terdiri dari 15 ekor ayam. Perlakuan P1, P2, dan P3 diberikan larutan asam kandis sebagai acidifier dengan pH 4, pH 3 dan pH 2 selama 3 minggu (saat ayam berumur 3 sampai 5 mingu). Kelompok control (n=75) mendapat air minum tanpa aditif. Peubah yang diukur adalah konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air, konsumsi asam organik, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, rasio konversi pakan, mortalitas, dan income over feed cost (IOFC). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan jika ada perbedaan yang signifikan maka akan diuji lebih lanjut dengan Uji Duncan menggunakan SPSS 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan performa yang signifikan antara ayam yang diberi larutan asam kandis dengan derajat keasaman berbeda sampai umur 35 hari(P>0.05). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini, pemberian larutan asam kandis dengan berbagai pH tidak berdampak negatif pada performa ayam broiler sehingga dapat diaplikasikan., This study was conducted in order to evaluate effect of organic acids on broiler performance. Totally 300 chickens broiler of hybro strain was devided into four groups. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. Each replication consisted of 15 chickens. Experimental group P1, P2, and P3 received kandis acid solution as acidifier with pH 4, pH 3 dan pH 2 for 3 weeks (broilers from 3 to 5 weeks old). Control group (n=75) received drinking water without any additives. The variables that were measured in the experiment are feed consumption, water consumption, organic acid consumption, body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, mortality, and income over feed cost (IOFC). All the data collected within the present study were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if there were significant differences further tests needed to performed with Duncan’s multiple range test by SPSS program version 25. There were no significant performance differences among broilers given with different kandis acid solution with different acidity degrees until 35 d of age (P>0.05). From these results, it can be concluded that water with the addition of kandis acid acidifier with different degrees of acidity not provided a negative effect on the performance of broiler chickens so that it can be applied.
Keyword: acidifier, asam kandis, asam organik, ayam pedaging, performa pertumbuhan

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology