Judul: Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung pada Beberapa Tipe Habitat di Pulau Ternate
Abstrak: Ternate Island is a small island that has not been studied intensively for it bird community. The objectives of this research were (1) to describe the habitat of birds, (2) to examine bird diversity, and (3) to examine guild composition. The research was conducted at five habitats (mix planting, coastal forest, lake area, residential area, and open spaces (OS)) in January- February 2012. A descriptive analysis was used to describe the habitat profile and guild, whilst bird diversity was analyzed using Shannon-Wienner diversity index and Jaccard index of similarity. A total of 51 bird species from 17 families was recorded. The highest diversity was in the lake area (H’= 2,56) and the lowest diversity was in OS (H’= 0,89). The highest similarity index was between residential area and OS (IS= 0,54). The most dominant guild was insectivores and the most dominant bird was Passer montanus. Recommended management implication are: (1) provide and maintain bird habitat, (2) planting a favourite vegetation for birds, (3) intensive monitoring, and (4) develop an environmental education programs.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman jenis burung pada beberapa tipe habitat di Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan Lampung
Abstrak: Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) is part of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The area called Tambling (Tampang-Belimbing) is a conservation area that conserve high biodiversity. TWNC is managed by PT Adhiniaga Kreasinusa (AKN). The purposes of this research are 1). to compare the diversity of bird species at several types of habitat in TWNC, those are coastal forest, lowland forest, plantation and grassland. 2). to identify the difference of bird species composition among types of habitat. 3). to know the local birds distribution related to the types of habitat in TWNC. This research was conducted from August to November 2009. Data of birds was collected using MacKinnon species list and point count method or IPA (Ponctuel Indices d'Abondance). Data of habitat was collected using vegetation analysis and habitat used approach. Data of vegetation was collected by sampling plot 20 x 100 m. T-test was used to determine differences in bird species diversity among the coastal forest, lowland forest, plantation, and grassland habitats at the 95% confidence level. The vegetation in the coastal forest habitat was dominated by beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) with Important Value Index (IVI) 114.49%. In the lowland forest habitat was dominated by meranti (Shorea sp) with IVI 66.71%. Vegetation in plantation habitat consisted of coffee (Coffea robusta) and cacao (Thebroma cacao). Grassland habitat is dominated by species kerawatan (Cyonodon dactylon) and rumput jarum (Andropoghon aciculatus). The total bird species found in four types of habitat were 116 species, comprising 38 families. Twenty-eight species are categorized as protected by Indonesian government regulation No. 7 of 1999, 12 species are listed in the IUCN (Critically Endangered and Near Threatened), and 19 species are listed in CITES (Appendix I and II). The highest bird Diversity Index was found in plantation habitat (H’=2.93). The Evenness Index in four habitat types are distributed evenly. The habitats that have the highest similarity are between lowland forest and plantation habitats (ISJ=0.54). T-test results shows that there is no significant differences among four habitats in terms of birds diversity, it was predicted because of small sample size and a narrow area of research. Bird species in each habitat type has a different level of dominance. Regarding vertical distribution, birds in coastal forest lived in C to E strata. Vertical distribution of birds in lowland forest was found in A to E strata. Vertical distribution of birds in plantation habitat was found from C to E strata. While in grassland habitat birds were only found in E strata. The common bird activities were perching, singing, flying, and walking. Bird activity that was mostly found at coastal forest, lowland forest, and plantation was perching. At grassland habitat, common bird activity was walking.
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Judul: Katalis Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol Berbasis Kalsium Ferit dan Kalsium Ferit Didoping Cu.
Abstrak: Oksidasi selektif dari hibridisasi karbon sp3 menjadi senyawa karbonil merupakan salah satu transformasi yang penting dalam kimia, seperti oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida. Penelitian ini, menggunakan katalis oksidasi benzil alkohol berbasis kalsium ferit (CFO) dan kalsium ferit didoping Cu (CFOCuχ). Katalis disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi dengan prekursor CaCl2•2H2O dan FeCl3•6H2O, serta konsentrasi doping (Cu(NO3)2•3H2O) 10, 30, dan 40% mol terhadap Fe. Sampel dikalsinasi pada suhu 750 oC selama 4 jam. Pencirian material menggunakan spektroskopi difraksi sinar-X pada kalsium ferit (CFO) menghasilkan fase Ca2Fe2O5 dan Fe2O3, sedangkan kalsium ferit didoping Cu 40% (CFO-Cu40%) menghasilkan fase CuFe2O4, Fe3O4, dan CaCO3. Kinerja material dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol dengan H2O2 sebagai oksidator pada suhu 60 dan 75 oC selama 4 jam dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas. Katalis terbaik untuk oksidasi ialah CFO-Cu40% dengan persen konversi benzil alkohol 98.47% dan untuk oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida ialah CFO-Cu10% dengan kadar benzaldehida 6.91%.
Keyword: Kalsium ferit, oksidasi, benzil alkohol, benzaldehida, oksidator