Judul: Characteristics of Organic Waste  Bioconversion in Earthenware Barrel Using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larvae
Abstrak: Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) yang digunakan sebagai agen biokonversi merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam pengelolaan limbah organik yang mampu mereduksi limbah dengan mudah dan biaya yang relatif murah. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mereduksi limbah organik yang dihasilkan Pasar Dramaga, mengurangi beban landfill, dan menghasilkan produk berupa kompos dan larva BSF. Tahap penelitian mencakup analisis karakteristik biokonversi limbah organik dalam gentong gerabah, uji tingkat kebauan yang ditimbulkan selama proses biokonversi, serta menganalisis kadar protein larva BSF dan mutu kompos yang dihasilkan. Karakteristik biokonversi limbah organik dalam gentong berupa Waste Reduction (D) sebesar 85,8%, Waste Reduction Index (WRI) sebesar 6,1%/hari, Fresh Matter Consumption Rate (FMCR) 69,3 mg/larva/hari, Dry Matter Reduction (DMR) 51,4%, dan Dry Matter Consumption Rate (DMCR) 35,6 mg/larva/hari. Tingkat kebauan yang ditimbulkan dari proses biokonversi di gentong gerabah cenderung lebih kecil jika dibandingan dengan biokonversi yang dilakukan di biopond. Biokonversi limbah organik menggunakan larva BSF menghasilkan larva BSF dengan kadar protein sebesar 41,0% dan kompos yang sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004 kecuali pada parameter warna, kadar C, dan rasio C/N., Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae used as bioconversion agents are an alternative in organic waste management that can reduce waste easily and at a relatively low cost. This research was conducted to reduce organic waste produced by Dramaga Market, reduce landfill loads, and produce products in the form of BSF larvae and compost. The research phase included analyzing the bioconversion characteristics of organic waste in earthenware barrels, testing for odor disturbances caused during the bioconversion process, and analyzing the protein content of BSF larvae and the compost quality. Bioconversion characteristics of organic waste in earthenware barrel in the form of Waste Reduction (D) 85,8%, Waste Reduction Index (WRI) 6,1%/day, Fresh Matter Consumption Rate (FMCR) 69,3 mg/larvae/day, Dry Matter Reduction (DMR) 51,4%, and Dry Matter Consumption Rate (DMCR) 35,6 mg/larvae/day. The level of odor generated from the bioconversion process in the earthenware barrel tends to be smaller when compared to the bioconversion carried out in the biopond. Bioconversion of organic waste using BSF larvae produces BSF larvae with a protein content of 41,0% and compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004 except for the parameters of color, C content, and C/N ratio.
Keyword: bioconversion, black soldier fly, earthenware barrel, market waste

Judul: Karakteristik Biokonversi Limbah Pangan Kampus IPB Darmaga Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF)
Abstrak: Manajemen limbah pangan di Kampus IPB perlu ditingkatkan dengan memanfaatkan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh karakteristik biokonversi limbah pangan. Metode pada penelitian ini mencakup pengumpulan sampel limbah pangan, pengujian kadar air limbah pangan, pengukuran suhu dan kelembapan relatif insektarium, perhitungan karakteristik biokonversi, pengujian kadar lemak dan protein BSF, penentuan neraca massa larva BSF segar, serta pengujian mutu kompos. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata kadar air limbah pangan 60-67%, persen reduksi limbah sebesar 62-63%, waste reduction index (WRI) sebesar 4,4-4,5%/hari, fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR) sebesar 20-25 mg/larva/hari, dry matter consumption rate (DMCR) sebesar 13-16 mg/larva/hari, dry matter reduction (DMR) sebesar 61-66% dan efficiency of conversion of digested feed (ECD) sebesar 38-48%. Kadar protein dan lemak larva BSF yang dipanen pada hari ke-14 sebesar 32,5-36,4% dan 29,3-29,6%. Neraca massa larva segar hasil biokonversi dengan input berupa 0,5 gram telur BSF dan 1 kg limbah menghasilkan larva segar berumur 14 hari sebanyak 178-271 gram. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, larva BSF efektif mereduksi limbah pangan dan menghasilkan produk sampingan berupa kompos., Improvement of food waste management in IPB University is needed by utilizing Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL). This research aims to obtain the bioconversion characteristics of food waste. The research includes collecting food waste samples, testing the water content of food waste, and measuring the temperature and relative humidity of the insectarium. It also covers calculating bioconversion characteristics, testing BSF fat and protein content, determining the mass balance of fresh BSFL, and testing compost quality. The analysis results show that the average food waste water content was 60-67%, thr food waste reduction was 62-63%, the waste reduction index (WRI) 4.4-4.5%/day, and the fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR) 20-25 mg/larvae/day. It also indicates that dry matter consumption rate (DMCR) 13-16 mg/larvae/day, dry matter reduction (DMR) 61- 66%, and efficiency of conversion of digested feed (ECD) 38-48%. The protein and fat content of BSFL harvested on the 14th day were 32.5-36.4% and 29.3-29.6%. Mass balance of fresh larvae with 0.5 grams of BSF egg and 1 kg of waste produces 178-271 grams of fresh larvae. Based on this research, BSFL effectively reduces food waste and produces 14-days compost.
Keyword: bioconversion, black soldier fly, food waste, green campus

Judul: igenvalues and Eigenvectors of Tridiagonal Matrix with Non Constant and Recurrent Diagonal Entries.
Abstrak: Matriks tridiagonal adalah suatu matriks yang mempunyai entri-entri bernilai nol kecuali pada diagonal utama, di bawah diagonal utama (subdiagonal) dan di atas diagonal utama (superdiagonal). Entri pada diagonal utama tidak konstan dan berulang. Setiap entri pada matriks tridiagonal ini adalah bilangan kompleks. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan dibuktikan 3 teorema untuk menentukan nilai eigen dengan 2 kasus dan 1 teorema untuk menentukan vektor eigen. Teorema pertama menentukan polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal. Polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan nilai eigen pada teorema kedua dan ketiga serta menentukan vektor eigen pada teorema keempat
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