Judul: Eksplorasi Bakteri dan Aktivitas Enzim Pencerna Selulosa, Amilosa, dan Lipid di Dalam Sekum Landak Jawa (Hystrix javanica).
Abstrak: Porcupine is a wild animal that has been protected by the goverment because of a decrease in it’s population. There are many factors affecting the decrease in porcupine population : illegal hunting for human consumption due to low colesterol content in its meat or for traditional medicine to cure some diseases. Porcupine meat is believed to improve male stamina and cure various diseases. Porcupine meat quality is influenced by feeds that are consumed and digested. Porcupine is a hindgut fermenter animal that ferment their feeds, especially forage and fibrous feeds, in the caecum by microbes. However, there is limited information about feed fermentation by bacteria and its enzyme activity in caecum of porcupine. Therefore, this experiment was conducted to explore the bacteria and enzyme activity degrading cellulose, amylose and lipid from the feeds in the caecum of porcupine. The caecum of porcupine was taken from eight animals that were two males and six females. These animals were divided into two groups and given two treatments. The treatments were control feeds that consisted of jaat grass, bengkoang, belitung taro, sweet corn, tomato, banana, and mineral sources (KO) and control feed plus koi fish pellet (KP = KO + koi fish pellet). Since the digesta had been stored, it was necessary to study the incubation time (0 and 1 h). The experiment was conducted in factorial completely block design (2x2) with factor A was feed types, and factor B was incubation period. Variables measured were bacterial population and enzyme activity degrading cellulose, amylose and lipid; data were analysed using analysis of variance for bacterial population, and t test for enzyme activity. The result showed that the addition of koi fish pellet did not increase population of bacteria and enzyme activity. Bacterial population was affected by incubation time, but this factor did not influence enzyme activity. It is concluded that addition of koi fish pellet had stimulated enzyme activity without increasing bacterial population. A reverse result was obtained for the effect of incubation time.
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Judul: Isolation and Characterization of Cellulolytic Bacteria from Endemic Indonesian Herbivores
Abstrak: Pakan merupakan hal terpenting untuk memenuhi nutrisi dari ternak. Apabila pakan yang diberikan pada ternak berkualitas buruk maka produk yang dihasilkan oleh ternak akan memburuk kualitas dan menurun produksinya. Salah satu cara yang disarankan untuk meningkatkan kecernaan pakan adalah dengan penggunaan mikroba, dalam penelitian ini yaitu bakteri selulolitik. Untuk mendapatkan bakteri selulolitik, maka dilakukan isolasi bakteri selulolitik dari feses hewan herbivora endemik Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk isolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik yang berasal dari feses hewan herbivora endemik Indonesia. Karakterisasi tersebut dilakukan melalui pendekatan morfologi, biokimia dan molekuler. Sebelum melakukan isolasi, pengujian kemampuan mikroba feses dalam mencerna pakan serat dilakukan secara in vitro. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk tahap in vitro adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 faktor (sumber hijauan dan sumber inokulum feses) dan lima kelompok berupa proses inkubasi sebagai ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi (P<0,05) antara sumber serat dan feses sumber inokulum terhadap kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO) dan produksi amoniak. Kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, produksi amonia jerami padi lebih rendah dibandingkan rumput gajah. Mikroba dari inokulum feses gajah memiliki kemampuan paling tinggi dalam mencerna bahan kering dan bahan organik, inokulum feses Anoa memiliki produksi amonia tertinggi. Tidak terdapat interaksi (P>0,05) antara sumber serat dan feses sumber inokulum terhadap nilai pH, produksi VFA total, dan populasi bakteri total. Nilai pH, produksi VFA total, dan populasi bakteri total inkubasi in vitro hampir sama antar perlakuan. Mikroba selulolitik dari inokulum feses herbivora endemik tropis memiliki kemampuan dalam degradasi serat dan fermentasi. Isolat-isolat yang diisolasi termasuk dalam kategori bakteri anaerob fakultatif dengan ciri morfologi berupa kokus Gram-positif, mampu mengfermentasi glukosa, fruktosa, sukrosa, pati, dan selulosa. Berdasarkan indeks selulolitik, isolat-isolat dari feses anoa dan banteng menunjukkan potensi sebagai bakteri pengurai selulosa. Identifikasi molekuler terhadap isolat-isolat dari feses anoa dan banteng menunjukkan kesamaan dengan Enterococcus faecium dan Enterococcus sp. Secara keseluruhan, mikroba selulolitik dari inokulum feses herbivora endemik Indonesia memiliki kemampuan dalam degradasi serat dan fermentasi., Feed is the most crucial element in fulfilling the nutritional requirements of livestock. If poor-quality feed is given to the animals, the quality of products produced by the livestock will deteriorate, and their productivity will decrease. One of the suggested methods to improve feed digestibility is by employing microorganisms, specifically cellulolytic bacteria, in this study. To obtain cellulolytic bacteria, isolation of cellulolytic bacteria from the feces of indigenous Indonesian herbivorous animals was conducted. The objective of this research was to isolate and characterize cellulolytic bacteria derived from the feces of indigenous Indonesian herbivorous animals. The characterization was performed through morphological, biochemical, and molecular approaches. Prior to the isolation, in vitro testing of the fecal microbial ability to digest fibrous feed was carried out. The experimental design used for the in vitro phase was a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors (forage source and fecal inoculum source) and five groups of incubation processes as replicates. The research results revealed that there was an interaction (P<0.05) between fiber sources and fecal inoculum sources concerning dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), and ammonia production. Dry matter and
Keyword: Bakter selulolitik, hewan herbivora endemik, mikroba feses, pakan serat, karakteristik fermentasi

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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