Judul: Analysis of the Vertical Structure of Equatorial  Kelvin Waves in the Upper-Troposphere and Lower-Stratosphere Based on GPS  RO Data
Abstrak: Gelombang kelvin merupakan salah-satu gelombang atmosfer paling dominan di lapisan troposfer-atas dan stratosfer-bawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik gelombang kelvin dalam struktur vertikal pada lapisan troposfer-atas dan stratosfer-bawah menggunakan data GPS RO. Metode STSA digunakan untuk menganalisis aktivitas gelombang kelvin tiap lapisan dan musiman. Gelombang kelvin dalam struktur vertikal menunjukan arah propagasi miring ke arah timur terhadap ketinggian dan merambat ke bawah terhadap waktu. Karakteristik gelombang kelvin pada lapisan troposfer-atas dan stratosfer-bawah berbeda. Pada lapisan troposfer-atas, gelombang kelvin dominan dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas konvektif yang memperlambat perambatan gelombang sehingga laju fasanya lebih rendah dibandingkan pada stratosfer-bawah. Panjang gelombang vertikal yang ditemukan berkisar pada 2.8-4.9 km pada troposfer-atas, 2.8-7 km pada tropopause, dan 4.9-12.1 km pada stratosfer-bawah. Periode gelombang kelvin yang teramati berkisar antara 4-17 hari dengan bilangan gelombang 1 hingga 4.Analisis musiman pada lapisan troposfer-atas, tropopause, dan stratosfer-bawah menunjukan bahwa gelombang kelvin kuat pada musim JJA dan SON., Kelvin waves are one of the most dominant atmospheric waves in the upper troposphere and lower-stratosphere layers. This study aims to analyze kelvin waves in vertical structures in the upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere using GPS RO data. STSA method is used to analyze the kelvin wave activity of each layer and its seasonality. Kelvin waves in a vertical structure revealed of propagation tilted eastward for the altitude and propagates downward with time. The characteristics of kelvin waves in the upper-troposphere and lower-stratosphere are different. In the upper-troposphere, kelvin waves are dominantly influenced by convective activity which slows the wave propagation so that the phase speed is lower than in the lower-stratosphere. The vertical wavelengths are 2.8-4.9 km in the upper-troposphere, 2.8-7 km in the tropopause, and 4.9-12.1 km in the lower stratosphere. The kelvin wave period observed ranged from 4-17 days with wave numbers 1 to 4. Seasonal analysis of the upper-troposphere, tropopause, and lower stratosphere shows that the kelvin wave is strong in the JJA and SON seasons.
Keyword: GPS RO, kelvin wave, lower-stratosphere, upper-troposphere

Judul: Analisis Penjalaran Gelombang Kelvin di Atas Kototabang Berbasis Data EAR (Equatorial Atmosphere Radar)
Abstrak: Indonesian geographical condition, maritime continent, contribute significant effects in atmosphere dynamics both macro and micro scale. One of equatorial atmospheric waves which play an important role is the Kelvin wave. It was suspected as the trigger of the Intraseasonal Variability phenomenon especially MJO (Madden Julian Oscillation). Studies on propagation and vertical structure of Kelvin wave were still limited on OLR data, GPS, RO, NCEP / NCAR reanalysis and radiosonde. EAR data were expected to explain about propagation and vertical structure of Kelvin wave better. To analyze the Kelvin wave propagation above Kototabang, spectral analysis method were used with both the FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) and the Wavelet technique. Statistical analysis was also done with cross-correlation technique (Cross Corelation Function) and cross Spectral (Cross Spectrum) to see the relevance between Kelvin wave and the KTTL (Kototabang Tropical Tropopause Layer). Based on EAR data over period of 1 December 2007 – 31 December 2008, Kelvin wave was detected above Kototabang with eastward zonal propagation and downwards vertically. Spectral analysis during this period showed that the Kelvin wave appeared periodic every 18 days at 17.41 km altitude near the Tropopause layer (~17 km). Power spectrum analysis indicate that the Kelvin wave energy was stronger during wet season than during dry season. During wet months, the Kelvin wave is dominant at 16.97 km in altitude and appear periodic every 15 days. While in dry months, it is more dominant at 16.52 km in altitude and appeared every 18 days. Statistical analysis results during wet and dry season indicate a correlation between zonal wind dynamics with the fluctuation of Tropopause height, spontaneously and inspontaneously. Cross-spectrum analysis showed that zonal wind dynamics activity affected the height fluctuation of the Tropopause where the Kelvin wave tend to rise the KTTL height during wet season, while in dry season it will lower the KTTL height. Keywords : Kelvin waves, Propagation, EAR, KTTL, Spectral analysis.
Keyword: 

Judul: Buprenorphine and Fischer-344 Rats Post-operative Stress Levels: Impact on Serum Corticosterone Levels.
Abstrak: The use of laboratory animals in experiment often requires surgical operations. Post-operative condition often associated with pain and stress. Preemptive analgesia and post operative treatment with buprenorphine can reduce post operative pain and stress and prevent prolonged pain. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that pre operative treatment of buprenorphine reduces stress and suppresses the pre-operative serum corticosterone levels in Fischer 344 rats. A total of 14 adult male Fischer 344 (F344/Sca) rats permanently catheterized in artery carotis communis were used. During 94 hour post-operatively the blood sample was collected at specific time point using Accusampler®, an automated blood sampling. Corticosterone levels were quantified with ELISA method using sheep polyclonal antibody to corticosterone. Buprenorphine is effective as pre-emptive analgesia in F344 strain. However the dose is higher than what has been reported in Sprague Dawley strain. Buprenorphine 1.0 mg/kg significantly suppressed serum corticosterone levels immediately after rats regain consciousness. Rats in buprenorphine 1.0 mg/kg group were protected from post operative body weight loss and reduced water intake compare to control, nutella, and buprenorphine 0.4 mg/kg group. Quantification of fecal corticosteroid metabolites failed to detect stress in present study.
Keyword: