Judul: Production and Bioactivity of Recombinant Protein for Growth Hormone of Three Cultured Fish Species
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam keberhasilan usaha budidaya perikanan. Pertumbuhan yang lambat akan menyebabkan lamanya waktu pemeliharaan dan besarnya biaya yang harus dikeluarkan, lamanya waktu pemeliharaan juga akan meningkatkan resiko-resiko dalam pemeliharaan, seperti terserang penyakit, kematian massal, dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pemberian protein rekombinan hormon pertumbuhan (rGH) untuk meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan. Pada penelitian ini, protein rGH dari ikan kerapu kertang (Epinephelus lanceolatus), ikan gurame (Osphronemus gouramy) dan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) diproduksi dengan teknologi protein rekombinan melalui bakteri E. coli. Bioaktivitas rGH diuji dengan mengamati pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang diinjeksi dengan rGH tersebut dibandingkan dengan ikan yang hanya diinjeksi dengan PBS atau protein dari pCold 1 tanpa fragmen DNA GH. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan ikan-ikan budidaya. Tahapan dalam memproduksi rGH dari ikan kerapu kertang, ikan gurame, dan ikan mas adalah fragmen DNA penyandi protein GH mature (mGH) dari masing-masing ikan diamplifikasi dengan PCR dengan cetakan plasmid pGEM-T Easy yang mengandung cDNA yang telah diisolasi dari ikan kerapu kertang (Mulyadi et al. 2008), ikan gurame (Nugroho et al. 2007), dan ikan mas berdasarkan database Bank Gen no. akses M27000. Primer yang digunakan untuk amplifikasi mGH ikan kerapu kertang (El-mGH) adalah primer forward El-mGH-F 5’- ctcgag cag cca atc aca gac ggc cag - 3’ dan primer reverse El-mGH-R 5’- aagctt cta cag ggt aca gtt ggc ctc agg - 3’ yang masing-masing dilengkapi dengan situs restriksi XhoI dan HindIII (digaris bawahi dan dicetak tebal). Primer untuk amplifikasi fragmen DNA GH mature ikan gurame (Og-mGH) adalah primer forward Og-mGH-F 5’- ggatcc cag cca atc aca gac agc cag - 3’ dan reverse Og-mGH-R 5’- gaattc cta cag agt gca gtt agc ttc tgg - 3’ yang dilengkapi dengan situs restriksi BamHI dan EcoRI. Selanjutnya primer untuk amplifikasi fragmen DNA GH mature ikan mas (Cc-mGH) adalah primer forward Cc-mGH-F 5’- ggatcc tca gac aac cag cgg ctc ttc - 3’ dan reverse Cc-mGH-R 5’- gtcgac cta cag ggt gca gtt gga atc cag - 3’ yang dilengkapi dengan situs restriksi BamHI dan SalI.
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Judul: Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Responses of Giant Gourami Juvenile Treated by Recombinant Growth Hormone
Abstrak: Ikan gurame (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) merupakan salah satu spesies target revitalisasi perikanan untuk tujuan konsumsi dalam negeri yang produksinya ditargetkan meningkat sekitar 4% per tahun pada tahun 2014. Kendala utama dalam mewujudkan target tersebut adalah laju pertumbuhan somatik ikan gurame yang relatif rendah, yang membutuhkan waktu sekitar 1,5 tahun untuk mencapai ukuran konsumsi (300-500 gram). Target produksi tersebut dapat diwujudkan antara lain melalui penerapan peningkatan kecepatan pertumbuhan ikan gurame menggunakan protein hormon pertumbuhan rekombinan (rGH). Protein rGH telah terbukti mampu memacu pertumbuhan ikan, udang, dan kekerangan, sehingga berdasarkan hal tersebut percobaan ini dilakukan. rGH ikan mas (rCcGH) dan ikan kerapu kertang (rElGH) diekspresikan pada bakteri Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3), diekstraksi dan kemudian diujikan ke benih ikan gurame melalui perendaman untuk memacu pertumbuhannya. Jenis rGH yang memberikan efek pertumbuhan terbaik digunakan pada penelitian selanjutnya untuk menganalisis efeknya terhadap proses metabolisme dan ekspresi gen insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) dan growth hormone receptors (GHRs). Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan kloning gen IGF-1 dan perancangan primer spesifik IGFs dan GHRs ikan gurame untuk analisis kuantitatif polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pada tahap akhir penelitian dilakukan uji biokimia untuk mengevaluasi status nutrisi, potensi alergi, dan analisis performa otot daging dan beberapa organ dalam ikan gurame., Aquaculture production of giant gourami in Indonesia is targeted to increase by 4% per year. The main constraint to meet the goal is slow growth of giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy Lac, which takes nearly 1.5 years to grow to a market size of 300-500 g. The target can be achieved by using recombinant growth hormone (rGH) to enhance growth of juvenile. The research was divided into four chapters: (1) analysis of growth and biochemical responses of giant gourami juvenile immersed in recombinant Cyprinus carpio growth gormone with different dosages, (2) analysis of growth, metabolism, and molecular responses of giant gourami juvenile immersed by recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus (rElGH) and Cyprinus carpio growth hormone (rCcGH), (3) cloning of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-1) gene and designing specific primer for quatitative PCR (qPCR), (4) evaluation of nutritional properties, allergenic potential, and histological performance of giant gourami immersed with rElGH. The results showed that both rElGH and rCcGH could promote growth gain of juvenile giant gourami. The juveniles immersed by 0.03 mg L-1 rElGH was more efficient and effective to enhance the growth of giant gourami juvenile over 120 mg L-1 rCcGH. The rGH has gluconeogenesis effect, in the muscle and liver rGH stimulates triglyceride uptake by enhancing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and its subsequent storage. The effects of rGH on carbohydrate metabolism may be mediated indirectly via the antagonism of insulin action.
Keyword: Giant gourami, growth hormone, immersion, growth, metabolism, IGF- 1, fatty acid, amino acid, histological performance, histamine

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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