Judul: Valuasi Ekonomi Dampak Budidaya Ikan di Tambak dengan Alih Fungsi Lahan Mangrove di Desa Tambaksumur, Kecamatan Tirtajaya, Karawang
Abstrak: Profitable business of brackishwater black tiger shrimp and milkfish pond culture in Karawang Regency have triggered the excessively convertion of mangrove forest areas into brackishwater pond areas. This convertion result in negative impacts on the household incomes and the environment since mangrove forest has a strategic role for life such as a source of human needs, shelter, spawning and food source for marine life, as well as protection from coastal erosion. A study to identify the benefits of direct use values of mangroves and economic losses, analyze the benefits financially, sustainability pond analyzes, and identify policy implications of the impact of tiger shrimp and milkfish with conversion of mangrove land was conducted in Karawang Regency. Tambak Sumur was selected as a study site since this village has mangrove forest areas converted into brackishwater black tiger shrimp and milkfish as a study site since this village ponds. Parameter observed were the feasibility of mangrove forest convertion into brackishwater black tiger shrimp and milkfish ponds such as replacement cost and economic valuation. Data were analyzed descriptively. The result of this study revealed that mangrove forest had important role for communities income and the environment. Conversion of mangrove forests into brackishwater black tiger shrimp and milkfish ponds financially was still feasible indicated by R/C of 1,12.
Keyword: Replacement Cost, Mangrove Forest Convertion, Economic Valuation, Milkfish Pond Culture, Black Tiger

Judul: Penilaian Ekonomi Lingkungan Terhadap Konversi Hutan Mangrove Menjadi Tambak dan Pemukiman (Studi Kasus di Hutan Angke Kapuk Jakarta Utara)
Abstrak: The conversion of the mangrove forest in Angke Kapuk done by government, private sector and the community has degraded the quality of the environment of the mangrove forest. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to 1) calculate the total economic values of the forest mangrove, and analyze the social and economic aspects of the community around the Angke Kapuk; 2) calculate and analyze the willingness to pay from the Pantai Indah Kapuk community and the willingness to accept from the community of the fish pond owners ; 3) analyze the factors which have an effect on the willingness to pay from the Pantai Indah Kapuk community and the willingness to accept from the community of the fish ponds owners. Results from the research show that the total economic value of the Angke Kapuk mangrove is Rp. 4.184.566.038,- per annum or Rp. 73.418.378,- per hectare per annum. The total economic value of the Angke Kapuk forest, which was as wide as 1154,88 hectares before it was converted by PT. Mandara Permai, was Rp. 84.789.416.385,- per annum. The amount of money willingly paid by the community of Pantai Indah Kapuk is Rp. 165.440.880,- per annum and the amount of money willingly accepted by the community of the fish pond owners is Rp. 1.329.745.043,-. The willingness to pay from the Pantai Indah Kapuk community for the improvement of the quality of the environment is affected by the people’s occupations, educations, incomes, and size of households. The amount of money willingly paid by the Pantai Indah Kapuk community is affected by their ages, educations, incomes, and size of households. The willingness to accept from the community of the fish pond owners for the improvement of the environment is affected by their educations, incomes, and size of households. The amount of money willingly accepted by the community of the fish pond owners is affected by their incomes, educations, expenditures, and size of households. The actions and efforts done to improve the environment and to manage the Angke Kapuk forest areas include: 1) the replanting of the mangrove plants; 2) the building of embankments as wave breakers; 3) the handling of plastic and household waste; and 3) the handling of illegal fish ponds within the forest areas. Keywords : total economic value of the mangrove, the willingness to pay, the willingness to accept.
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Judul: Grup Abelian Berhingga dari Barisan Genomik DNA  (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Abstrak: Informasi genetik yang memprogram semua aktivitas sel terdapat dalam bentuk kode di dalam molekul DNA. Grup kodon dari basa nukleotida DNA {A, C, G, U} tidak dapat merepresentasikan daerah non kode dalam genom yang disebabkan oleh mutasi penghapusan serta penyisipan pada barisan genomik DNA. Dalam karya ilmiah ini grup kodon diperluas dengan menambahkan huruf O untuk menandakan mutasi penghapusan atau penyisipan pada kodon untuk semua triplet diperluas 1 2 3 X X X dengan i X Î{O, A, C, G, U} dari barisan genomik DNA. Grup kodon yang diperluas isomorfik dengan grup bilangan bulat modulo 125. Grup abelian berhingga dari barisan genomik DNA yang dibentuk dari himpunan seluruh pasangan terurut triplet ekson dan intron pada untai DNA isomorfik dengan grup jumlah langsung bilangan bulat modulo 64 dan 125. Kemudian grup abelian berhingga tersebut direpresentasikan sebagai grup jumlah langsung 2-grup dan 5-grup homosiklik. Bagian barisan genomik DNA tanpa penyisipan membangun blok gen yang direpresentasikan oleh 2-grup homosiklik, sedangkan bagian barisan genomik DNA yang dipengaruhi oleh penyisipan direpresentasikan oleh 5-grup homosiklik.
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