Judul: Struktur komunitas berudu anura di Sungai Cibeureum Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Anura is an order of amphibians that experiencing changes in body shape from the its larval stage to reach young stage, call as metamorphosis. One of the phases in the life on anuran is the tadpole stage, which is part of the most complex process of amphibian evolution. Tadpoles live in different habitats with its adult, such as in rivers, swamps, puddles and pools. The use of various types of habitats can affect the structure of tadpole communities. The purpose of this study was to identify and measure: a) the composition and diversity or Anuran species on various microhabitat characteristics, b) the correlation between the anuran tadpoles community structure tadpoles with microhabitat characteristics, and c) differences of stages of age class found in two different seasons. Data was collected in December 2008, followed by July to November 2009 in Cibeureum stream, Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park, West Java. Quantitative sampling of amphibian larvae was carried out on along the 224 m transect. Data collected includes species identification, the number of tadpoles of each plot, the encounter time, the location of tadpoles, tadpole total length (TL), tadpoles growth stage, and environmental data (weather conditions, temperature, air humidity, depth of river, substrate, dominant vegetation, water flow velocity , water temperature and pH). Tadpoles found in the Cibeureum stream were Megophrys montana (Megophrydae), Leptophryne cruentata (Bufonidae), Rhacophorus margaritifer (Rhacophoridae), and Huia masonii (Ranidae). The most commonly found is Leptophryne cruentata (37.13%), while the least found is the Huia masonii (0.07%). Based on observation, types of microhabitat can be grouped into torrents, riffles and shingle areas. Tadpoles were only found in riffles and shingle areas. Results of linear regression test showed that the microhabitat variables did not significantly affect the presence of tadpoles Rhacophorus margaritifer, Leptophryne cruentata and Megophrys montana. Most tadpoles were found in stage 25. The dominant stage of tadpole found were in Gosner growth stage 24-48 (no foot) for both dry and wet season, which indicated that the frogs in the Cibeureum stream reproduce throughout the year.
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Judul: Pola Pergerakan Harian dan Penggunaan Habitat Mikro Katak Pohon Jawa (Rhacophorus margaritifer) di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Studies on amphibian movement have been reported abroad, including selection of appropriate method. However, there is only one study on amphibian movement reported in Indonesia (Sholihat 2007). The purposes of this study are to 1) find suitable material for spool track that well suited with body weight of R. margaritifer, 2) map the daily movement patterns of R. margaritifer using spool track method; and 3) describe the micro habitat used by R. margaritifer in Gede Pangrango National Park. This study was conducted at Ciwalen and Cibereum. Three kinds of spool were tried to test-frogs and the frog movements were observed every three hours for 72 hours. Data from observations were then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Eight frogs (4 males, 4 females) were observed for 72 hours, each using a spool weight under less than 10% of body mass. Additionally, three male frogs were successfully observed using a spool weight more of 10% of their body mass. Result showed that suitable spool equipment materials differ for males and females according to their body mass. The best materials for the male frog are made by plastic straws and mica, while for female frog it is made from plastic and mica pallets. Kruskal Wallis test on 11 individual frogs indicated that there was a significant differences between day and night movement, both in male (H = 0.026) and female frogs (H = 0.03) (P value < 0.05). However, there was no significant differences in both male’s and female’s movement during the day (H = 0.888) and night (H = 0.685) (P value > 0.05). Chi square test for straightness index values for eight frogs observed in 72 hours showed that all frogs moved not far from the initial location of observation. Observations on micro habitats used showed that most frogs used location with low level of light exposure, i.e. between leaves, litter, and branches sheltered from the sun, while at night most activities were carried out on the leaves. R. margaritifer mostly in contact with plants, whereas contact with the other frogs is rare. Therefore it is estimated that the possibility of disease transmission by contact among frog is low. Since frog movements are associated with the existence of plants, there should be more efforts to keep the existence of the plants, especially plants that grow around water sources.
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Judul: Pengaruh pemanasan terhadap kerusakan minyak sawit dan minyak kedelai kasar
Abstrak: Pemanasan minyak pada suhu tinggi dapat mengakibat- berbagai perubahan dan kerusakan dalam minyak kan tersebut, terutama asam lemak dan zat gizi di dalamnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pemanasan terhadap minyak sawit dan kedelai kasar pada kisaran suhu 120-220 °C dengan interval 20 °C, selama 30 dan 60 menit, dalam rangka melihat tingkatan kerusakan sifat fisiko- kimia minyak kasar yang mengalami berbagai pemanasan. Lama pemanasan mempercepat kerusakan yang terjadi pada minyak. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan pada pembentukan peroksida maksimum pada suhu yang lebih rendah untuk pemanasan lebih lama. Kandungan peroksida awal minyak sawit sebesar 3.654 meq/kg, pada pemanasan selama 30 menit tercapai maksimum pada suhu 200 °C, yaitu 6.731 meq/kg, kemudian pada 220 °C turun menjadi 5.822 meq/kg. Sedangkan pada pemanasan selama 60 menit, titik maksimum terjadi pada 180 °C yaitu sebesar 8.619 meq/kg, kemudian turun sampai 7.263 meq/kg pada 220 °C. Demikian juga halnya dengan minyak kedelai, kandungan peroksida awalnya sebesar 7.959 meq/kg. Pada pemanasan selama 30 menit belum mencapai titik penurunan, yaitu sebesar 7.959 meq/kg untuk 220 °C. Sedangkan pada pemanasan 60 menit,...
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