Judul: Isolation, characterization and medium optimization for production of active compound produce by endophytic fungi inhibiting breast cancer cell MCF-7 proliferation
Abstrak: An endophytic fungus is the fungus that lives in close association with living plant tissues. Medicinal endophytic fungi are one group of prospecting endophytic fungi. These fungi reported producing secondary metabolite which has structure and activity similar with the host plant. In this study; isolation, characterization and medium optimization for the production of active compound produced by endophytic fungi from medicinal plant originated from East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara has been conducted. Seventy five endophytic fungi have been isolated from 34 medicinal plants that consist of 57 isolate from leave sample and 18 isolate from stem. The result showed that colonization endopyhitic fungi in leave (70%) was higher compared to stem (32%) from total samples. Thirty six isolates from total 75 isolates were screened for citotoxicity against Artemia salina using brine shrimp lethality test method. First screening using 1000 mg/L concentration of crude extract showed that 9 extracts were active out of 108 extracts assayed. Further screening for the 9 active extracts using LC50 showed that ethyl acetate extract from fungus ENLT 74.3d.2 was the most active compared to the others with LC50 of 30,21 mg/L. Fungus ENLT 74.3d.2 was isolated from Cibotium barometz and morphological descript as Curvularia lunata. This active fungus was deposited and labelled as BioMCC FE-00283. Active compound purification of endophytic fungi C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283 was conducted by bioassay guided. Preliminary bioassay of the extract and fractions was conducted by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, while citotoxicity of the pure active compound was conducted by MTT assay against human carcinoma breast MCF-7 cell. First purification of active compound was done by coloumn cromatography using silica gel 60 as stationary phase and eluted by step gradient method using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol subsequently. Further purification was done by HPLC using C18 column and eluted by gradient system of acetonitril water from 15% up to 100% for 25 minutes. Bioassay showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active (LC50 = 4.69 mg/L), while the pure compound from HPLC on concentration 5 mg/L could inhibit 28 % proliferation of MCF-7. Elucidation of formula and structure using spectroscopy IR, LC-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS-MS resulted that active compound of endophytic fungi C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283 is 8-hydroxy 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8-HODE) which molecule formula is C18H32O3. Glucose, monosodium glutamate and corn oil were media components which showed significant effect toward 8-HODE production by C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283. Composition optimization of these three medium components was performed by RSM and full factorial CCD was used design the experiment. Maximum 8-HODE production predicted by the quadratic model was 11.78 mg/L; which was verified experimentally to be 10.78 ± 0.872 mg/L and had rendement (YP/S) 0.001. This maximum 8-HODE production reached in media composition that consist of 5.87 g/L glucose, 11.05 g/L monosodium glutamate and 1.00 ml/L corn oil. Eventhough experimentally verification showed lower result compared to model prediction, however it was higher compare to 8-HODE production using basal media which only reach concentration 0.491 ± 0.072 mg/L and rendemen 4.879 x 10-5. This verification showed that optimization increased 8- HODE production
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Judul: Compound Analysis of Phomopsis sp. Fraction from Soursop Leaves as Anticancer and Apoptotic Activity in Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7.
Abstrak: Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian yang memerlukan pilihan pengobatan lain dalam penyembuhannya yang memiliki efek samping lebih ringan. Pilihan pengobatan yang dapat dipilih adalah pengobatan herbal. Phomopsis sp. yang berasal dari daun sirsak telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kandungan metabolit fraksi Phomopsis yang berasal dari daun sirsak, aktivitas antiproliferasi, dan apoptosisnya terhadap MCF-7. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari pemisahan ekstrak Phomopsis sp. dengan metode kromatografi kolom, pengujian sitotoksisitas Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), pengujian antiproliferasi terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dan sel normal Vero, pengujian apoptosis, serta analisis kandungan dengan intrumen LC-MS/MS. Pemisahan dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan total 10 fraksi (F1-F10). F1 terpilih menjadi fraksi terbaik dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 2.33 μg/mL dengan metode BSLT. Aktivitas antiproliferasi sel MCF-7 dan sel vero dari F1 menghasilkan nilai IC50 sebesar 5.65 μg/mL dan 5.21 μg/mL secara berurutan. Aktivitas ini teramati melalui mekanisme apoptosis. Terdapat 38 total senyawa yang terkandung dalam F1. Diantara senyawa tersebut, cytosporone c, kynurenic acid, maraniol, (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, dan chalcone teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antikanker., Breast cancer is one of cause disease of death globally that need other option such as herbal medicine to decrease the side effect. Phomopsis sp. in soursop leaves have proven to have cytotoxicity against cancer cell MCF-7. This study aimed to analyze the metabolite content of Phomopsis sp. fraction, anticancer, also apoptotic activity against breast human cancer (MCF-7) and normal (Vero) cell lines. Phomopsis sp. was separated using column chromatography method. Collected fraction was carried out using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) were the lowest LC50 value was tested against MCF-7, Vero cell lines, and evaluated the apoptotic mechanism with acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AE) dye. Compound identified using Liquid Chromatograph-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Separation using column chromatography resulted in ten fractions (F1-F10). F1 was chosen as the best fraction with LC50 2.33 μg/mL with the BSLT method. F1 then resulted in the antiproliferation method of MCF-7 cell and Vero cell IC50 5.65 μg/mL and 5.21 μg/mL respectively that showed through apoptotic mechanism. A total of 38 active compounds were found in F1. Among the compounds identified, cytosporone c, kynurenic acid, maraniol, (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, and chalcone known as anticancer compounds.
Keyword: Anticancer, apoptosis, breast cancer, Phomopsis sp,, soursop leaves

Judul: Identifikasi Kejadian Banjir Rob (Pasang) di DAS Sunter pada 9-13 Januari 2008.
Abstrak: Banjir Rob merupakan fenomena meluapnya air laut ke daratan, istilah tersebut pertama kali dikenal di daerah Semarang. Fenomena banjir Rob dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut. Pasang surut sendiri dipengaruhi gravitasi bulan dan matahari, serta dipengaruhi pula posisi bulan dan matahari terhadap bumi. Banjir ini biasa terjadi pada saat pasang air laut yaitu bertepatan dengan kejadian bulan baru dan bulan purnama. Pada bulan Januari 2008, di wilayah utara Jakarta yang berbatasan dengan laut, fenomena banjir Rob (pasang) melanda kawasan tersebut. Fenomena ini mengakibatkan sejumlah kawasan di wilayah utara Jakarta terendam air laut, hal ini diperburuk dengan penurunan muka tanah Jakarta. Selain dilanda banjir pasang air laut, kawasan utara Jakarta sering dilanda banjir akibat luapan sungai-sungai yang bermuara di Jakarta, salah satu sungai yang menyumbang banjir Jakarta adalah sungai Sunter. Tutupan lahan di DAS Sunter yang sebagian besar berupa pemukiman makin meningkatkan limpasan permukaan ketika terjadi hujan. Tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 di perairan Teluk Jakarta sedang terjadi pasang air laut karena bertepatan dengan bulan baru yang mengakibatkan terjadinya banjir Rob di beberapa wilayah di Jakarta Utara, termasuk DAS Sunter. Berdasarkan pemetaan banjir Rob di DAS Sunter pada tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 diketahui bahwa daerah yang tergenang air laut yaitu Kalibaru dan Marunda dengan tinggi genangan 48-72 cm. Luas genangan maksimum terjadi pada tanggal 11 Januari 2008 yaitu sebesar 66.000 m2. Pada tanggal 9-13 Januari, DAS Sunter tidak ikut menyumbangkan limpasan permukaan yang dapat menyebabkan banjir karena nilai limpasan permukaan berkisar 0-3,03 mm. Sehingga kejadian banjir pada tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 di DAS Sunter hanya berasal dari pasang air laut. Kata Kunci : Banjir Rob, Pasang-Surut, Limpasan Permukaan, DAS Sunter.
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