Judul: Substitution of Soybean Meal with Maggot as a Source of Ruminant Protein on In Vitro Digestibility and Fermentability
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh perbedaan media hidup terhadap kandungan nutrien maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dan mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung maggot sebagai sumber protein substitusi bungkil kedelai pada ransum ternak ruminansia terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan ransum yang diuji secara in vitro. Budidaya maggot menggunakan media feses, media limbah rumah tangga, dan media roti. Kandungan protein yang tinggi pada maggot, yang digunakan untuk substitusi bungkil kedelai. Perlakuan pada penelitian yaitu P1= Sumber Protein Bungkil Kedelai + Bungkil Kelapa, P2= Substitusi 50% Protein Bungkil Kedelai, P3= Substitusi 100% Protein Bungkil Kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pH, KcBK, KcBO, dan VFA, namun berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap NH3. Maggot pada media feses menghasilkan nilai kandungan protein yang paling tinggi. Berdasarkan nilai fermentabilitas, tepung maggot dihasilkan dari media feses dapat menggantikan sumber protein bungkil kedelai tanpa memberikan hasil yang negatif terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan rumen secara in vitro., This research is aimed to evaluate the effect of different live media on the nutritional content of maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) and evaluate the use of maggot flour as a protein source to replace soy bean meal in cattle rations ruminants towards fermentability and digestibility of rations that are tested by in vitro. Maggot cultivation uses feces media, household waste media, and bread media. High protein content in maggot, which is used as a substitute for soybean meal. The treatment in this research is P1 = Soy Bean Meal Protein Source + Cocos nucifera, P2 = Substitution of 50% Soy Bean Meal Protein Source, P3 = Substitution of 100% Soy Bean Meal Protein Source. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on pH, KcBK, KcBO, and VFA, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on NH3. Maggot in feces media produced the highest protein content value. The administration of maggot flour based on its fermentability value, maggot flour produced from feces substrate can replace soybean meal protein sources without give negative on towards fermentability and digestibility of the ration by in vitro.
Keyword: Black soldier fly, , digestibility, fermentabilty, in vitro

Judul: Black Soldier Fly Maggot Nutrient Composition Using Faeces Growing Media and Animal Feed Leftovers
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kandungan nutrien maggot black soldier fly (BSF) menggunakan media limbah peternakan ayam petelur, kambing, dan sapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan A (feses ayam petelur dan dedak padi), B (feses kambing dan sisa pakannya berupa rumput lapang) dan C (feses sapi dan sisa pakannya berupa rumput gajah). Parameter yang diamati adalah performa maggot, kadar air, bobot populasi, suhu, dan kelembaban. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Analisis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A berbeda nyata (P<0,005) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya untuk parameter bobot, kadar air, dan panjang. Populasi terbanyak didapatkan pada perlakuan A. Suhu yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan maggot adalah 30oC dan kelembaban yang diukur dengan kadar air berkisar antara 70%-80%. Kandungan nutrien maggot tertinggi didapatkan pada maggot perlakuan B. Kesimpulannya media maggot perlakuan A memiliki pengaruh performa yang lebih tinggi daripada media lain., This study aimed to determine the nutrient content of black soldier fly (BSF) maggot using the waste media of laying hens, goats and cows. This study used a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments A (laying chicken faeces and rice bran), B (goat feces and grass residue) and C (cow feces and elephant grass residue). Parameters observed were Maggot performance, moisture content, population weight, temperature and humidity. Data were analyzed using the Analisis of Variance (ANOVA) test with Duncan's further test. The results showed that treatment A was significantly different (P<0.005) compared to other treatments for the parameters of weight, moisture content and length. The largest population was found in treatment A. The optimal temperature for maggot growth was 30oC and humidity as measured by water content ranges from 70%- 80%. Maggot with treatment B had the highest nutrient content. In conclusion, maggot media treatment A had a higher performance effect than other media.
Keyword: kandungan nutrien, limbah peternakan, maggot, protein

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology