Judul: Efisiensi Saluran Pemasaran Garam Rakyat di Desa Padelegan, Kecamatan Pademawu, Kabupaten Pamekasan, Madura, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: The main problem in salt production are the financing and marketing subsystem. The middleman’s dominance made the condition of salt production more complicated. The objectives of this study are 1) to identify the characteristics of farmers based on the land right, 2) to estimate the average land productivity, 3) to estimate the average income of farmers, 4) to estimate the efficiency of marketing channels, and 5) to estimate income and revenue of the middleman. Based on analysis, most of the farmers are being in productive age and they had graduated on elementary school level. The BH (Bagi Hasil) Farmer is more productive than others (MS Farmer and SW Farmer). The first marketing channel (SP 1) is more efficient than the second one, which its farmer’s share are 95,83 % for KP 1, 94,74% for KP 2, and 94,12 % for KP 3. The BH Farmer has the lowest average income than others. These farmers get avarge income about Rp 11.804.600 per person per year. Every middleman in Padelegan Village got avarage revenue Rp 1.186.472.500 per year and their average income was Rp 336.000.300 per year per person. The result of this study can be a basic to make a policy about salt financing and marketing system in Padelegan Village.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Salt production and marketing analysis, Efficency of marketing channel, profit sharing system, middleman’s dominance

Judul: Sharecropping System of Salt Production Busineess in Pamekasan Regency, East Java
Abstrak: Provinsi Jawa Timur merupakan produsen garam terbesar di Indonesia. Kabupaten Pamekasan menempati posisi ketiga sebagai kabupaten produsen garam terbesar di provinsi Jawa Timur. Usaha garam rakyat di kabupaten ini pada umumnya dijalankan dengan sistem bagi hasil karena petani garam memiliki keterbatasan lahan dan modal untuk berproduksi. Hal ini membuat bisnis pegaraman hanya dikuasai oleh beberapa pihak tertentu saja, padahal bisnis tersebut masih perlu untuk dikembangkan di kabupaten ini. Penelitian ini memiliki empat tujuan, yakni (1) mengidentifikasi perbedaan mekanisme pelaksanaan sistem bagi hasil dalam usaha garam rakyat, (2) mengestimasi besarnya pinjaman dan biaya pinjaman yang selama ini ditanggung oleh petani penggarap, (3) mengestimasi tingkat keuntungan yang diterima oleh masing-masing pihak antar pola, dan (4) menganalisis tingkat partisipasi petani garam dalam sistem bagi hasil. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik snowballing sampling yang menghasilkan 115 responden petani garam, terbagi menjadi 22 orang pemilik lahan dan 93 orang petani penggarap. Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk menjelaskan perbedaan mekanisme pelaksanaan antara pola bagi dua dan pola bagi tiga. Analisis biaya pinjaman untuk mengestimasi besarnya biaya pinjaman yang ditanggung oleh petani penggarap. Analisis linier berganda untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi besarnya pinjaman yang diterima dan besarnya biaya pinjaman yang ditanggung oleh petani penggarap. Analisis bagi hasil digunakan untuk mengestimasi tingkat keuntungan yang diterima oleh setiap pihak untuk setiap pola bagi hasil yang dijalankan. Analisis regresi logistik digunakan untuk mengetahui faktorfaktor yang memengaruhi keputusan partisipasi pemilik lahan dan petani penggarap dalam sistem bagi hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan dasar antara pola bagi dua dan pola bagi tiga adalah karakteristik lahan garam yang akan memengaruhi besarnya biaya tambahan perbaikan lahan yang harus ditanggung oleh petani penggarap. Rata-rata biaya pinjaman yang harus ditanggung oleh petani penggarap ternyata sangat tinggi nilainya. Besarnya pinjaman dan biaya pinjaman dipengaruhi oleh lama pinjaman, keuntungan petani penggarap, keuntungan pemilik lahan, luas lahan garam, ketersediaan jaminan, dan sumber pinjaman lain. Rata-rata keuntungan pemilik lahan lebih tinggi terhadap rata-rata keuntungan petani penggarap. Partisipasi pemilik lahan dan petani penggarap terhadap sistem bagi hasil dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pendidikan pemilik lahan, produksi garam, usia petani penggarap, jumlah anggota keluarga petani penggarap, dan keuntungan petani penggarap., East Java province is the biggest salt-producer in Indonesia. Pamekasan regency is the third position as the biggest salt-producer regency in East Java province. Most of the salt production busineess in this regency used sharecropping system because most of the sharecroppers are limited in salt-field and capital. It makes the salt production busineess authorized by some person, whereas this busineess is still to be developed in this regency. This research has four objectives, there are (1) to identify the difference between two type of sharecropping system, (2) to estimate the number of credit and cost of fund paid by the sharecropper, (3) to estimate the number of profit accepted by the landlord and the sharecropper, and (4) to analyze rate of landlord’s and sharecropper’s participation in sharecropping system. This research used snowballing sampling technique that is delivered 115 respondent of farmers, consist of 22 person landlords and 93 person sharecroppers. Descriptive analysis is used to explain the difference of two type of sharecropping system. Cost of fund
Keyword: Sharecropping system, Cost of fund, Salt production busineess, Logistic regression analysis, Pamekasan regency, Lost production, Snowballing sample, Rural community, Odds ratio

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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