Judul: Relationship between Growth, Cognitive Development, and Motor Development among Preschool Children in Bogor District.
Abstrak: Children growth is reflected by height for age index. According to Riskesdas (2010), stunting among under five children in Indonesia reached 35.7%. Specifically in West Java province, the prevalence of stunting in under five children reached 35.4% in 2007 and decreased to 33.7% in 2010. The number was still below the national stunting prevalence, but it was a high public health problem according to WHO reference because it was above 30%. Stunting in under five children causes variety of developmental disorders including cognitive (Walker et al. 2005) and motor (Paiva et al. 2012) disorders. Studies in Indonesia, which leads to growth and development aspects are still limited and the results are varied. The main objective of this study was to analyze relationship between growth, cognitive development, and motor development in preschool children. Specifically, it was aimed to : 1)analyze the characteristics of families and preschool children ; 2)analyze the knowledge and practice of nutrition, health and child care; 3)analyze the consumption pattern of preschool children ; 4)analyze growth (height for age) and development (cognitive and motor) of preschool children; 5)analyze the relationship between consumption patterns of children, child characteristics, family characteristics, development (cognitive and motor) and children‟s nutritional status (height for age); 6)analyze the relationship between family characteristics, mother‟s knowledge (nutrition, health , and child care), mother‟s practices (nutrition, health and child care), and children‟s nutrient adequacy level; 7)analyze the factors that influence growth (height for age) and development (cognitive and motor) of preschool children. This survey was conducted to 73 children aged 3-5 years in Cibanteng village, Bogor District, West Java. Sampling was carried out with inclusion criteria: 1)children age 3-5 years, 2); had complete parents and willing to join the survey, 3) data of weight and height at birth were available; 4) do not have congenital abnormalities. Exclusion criteria were: children were sick or under any medical treatments. Data collected included primary and secondary data. Primary data included family characteristics, knowledge and practice (nutrition, health and child care) child characteristics, child development (cognitive and motor), child growth (height for age), and consumption patterns of children. Secondary data included description of the study location and children characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 16 for Windows. Descriptive analysis described the distribution of the variable based on percent and average. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between: 1) family characteristics, child characteristics, consumption patterns of children, development (cognitive and motor) and height for age; 2) family characteristics and mother's knowledge (nutrition, health, and child care); 3) family characteristics and mother‟s knowledge practices (nutrition, health, and child care), 4) practice of mother (nutrition and health) and children‟s nutrient adequacy vii level. Factors that affect growth (TB/U) and development (cognitive and motor) of children were analized by linear multiple regression. This study showed that more than half of the children had normal characteristics. Families size mostly were small and they were poor. More than half children had family members that were active smokers. The average of father‟s education level was high school and worked as labor, while the mother was elementary
Keyword: cognitive development, growth, motor development, preschool

Judul: Relationship between growth, cognitive development, and motor development among preschool children in Bogor District
Abstrak: Children growth is reflected by height for age index. According to Riskesdas (2010), stunting among under five children in Indonesia reached 35.7%. Specifically in West Java province, the prevalence of stunting in under five children reached 35.4% in 2007 and decreased to 33.7% in 2010. The number was still below the national stunting prevalence, but it was a high public health problem according to WHO reference because it was above 30%. Stunting in under five children causes variety of developmental disorders including cognitive (Walker et al. 2005) and motor (Paiva et al. 2012) disorders. Studies in Indonesia, which leads to growth and development aspects are still limited and the results are varied. The main objective of this study was to analyze relationship between growth, cognitive development, and motor development in preschool children. Specifically, it was aimed to : 1)analyze the characteristics of families and preschool children ; 2)analyze the knowledge and practice of nutrition, health and child care; 3)analyze the consumption pattern of preschool children ; 4)analyze growth (height for age) and development (cognitive and motor) of preschool children; 5)analyze the relationship between consumption patterns of children, child characteristics, family characteristics, development (cognitive and motor) and children‟s nutritional status (height for age); 6)analyze the relationship between family characteristics, mother‟s knowledge (nutrition, health , and child care), mother‟s practices (nutrition, health and child care), and children‟s nutrient adequacy level; 7)analyze the factors that influence growth (height for age) and development (cognitive and motor) of preschool children. This survey was conducted to 73 children aged 3-5 years in Cibanteng village, Bogor District, West Java. Sampling was carried out with inclusion criteria: 1)children age 3-5 years, 2); had complete parents and willing to join the survey, 3) data of weight and height at birth were available; 4) do not have congenital abnormalities. Exclusion criteria were: children were sick or under any medical treatments. Data collected included primary and secondary data. Primary data included family characteristics, knowledge and practice (nutrition, health and child care) child characteristics, child development (cognitive and motor), child growth (height for age), and consumption patterns of children. Secondary data included description of the study location and children characteristics. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 16 for Windows. Descriptive analysis described the distribution of the variable based on percent and average. Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between: 1) family characteristics, child characteristics, consumption patterns of children, development (cognitive and motor) and height for age; 2) family characteristics and mother's knowledge (nutrition, health, and child care); 3) family characteristics and mother‟s knowledge practices (nutrition, health, and child care), 4) practice of mother (nutrition and health) and children‟s nutrient adequacy vii level. Factors that affect growth (TB/U) and development (cognitive and motor) of children were analized by linear multiple regression. This study showed that more than half of the children had normal characteristics. Families size mostly were small and they were poor. More than half children had family members that were active smokers. The average of father‟s education level was high school and worked as labor, while the mother was elementary
Keyword: cognitive development, growth, motor development, preschool

Judul: The Isomerization of Xylenes Using Bentonite as catalyst
Abstrak: Isomerisasi xilena dilakukan dengan menggunakan katalis bentonit tanpa aktivasi, teraktivasi asam, dan terimpregnasi ion heksakloroplatinat(IV). Aktivasi bentonit dilakukan dengan variasi waktu aktivasi dan konsentrasi asam sulfat. Waktu aktivasi yang digunakan adalah 1 jam, 2 jam, 4 jam, dan 6 jam, sedangkan variasi konsentrasi asam sulfat yang dipakai adalah 6%, 12%, 24%, dan 48%. Seleksi dari berbagai variabel aktivasi dilakukan berdasarkan nisbah Si/Al. Dari 10 jenis bentonit, maka dipilih 3 jenis bentonit berdasarkan nisbah Si/Al, yaitu bentonit HP-1 (3,30), bentonit HP-8 (5,90), dan bentonit HP-10 (9,36). Ketiga bentonit yang diaktivasi dengan asam menunjukkan bahwa waktu aktivasi selama 4 jam memberikan nisbah Si/Al paling tinggi, sedangkan konsentrasi yang memberikan perbandingan paling tinggi untuk bentonit HP-1 dan HP-8 adalah 24% dan untuk bentonit HP-10 adalah 48%. Impregnasi ion dilakukan dengan merendam bentonit dalam larutan garam kalium heksakloroplatinat(IV). Isomerisasi xilena dilakukan pada suhu 300°C, yaitu dengan membandingkan produk isomerisasi xilena tanpa katalis, isomerisasi xilena oleh katalis bentonit tanpa aktivasi, isomerisasi xilena oleh katalis bentonit yang diaktivasi, dan isomerisasi xilena oleh katalis bentonit yang diimpregnasi. Distribusi relatif isomer o-, m-, dan p- xilena ditetapkan dengan metode spektroskopi inframerah. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi bahwa bentonit secara umum dapat digunakan untuk katalis isomerisasi xilena. Katalis bentonit yang diimpregnasi cenderung menghasilkan isomer para-. Katalis bentonit HP-1 tanpa aktivasi dan yang diaktivasi serta HP-8 yang diaktivasi hanya menghasilkan isomer meta-, sedangkan isomer orto- dihasilkan oleh bentonit HP-8 dan HP-10 tanpa aktivasi. Sebagian besar jenis reaksi yang terjadi adalah reaksi isomerisasi orto- dan para- membentuk meta-. Di samping itu perubahan yang terjadi pada distribusi relatif isomer xilena dipengaruhi oleh reaksi lain, yaitu reaksi transalkilasi etilbenzena yang akan meningkatkan produk isomer dan reaksi disproporsionasi xilena yang akan mengurangi produk isomer.
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