Judul: The Effect of Local Nylon Bag Types in Manufacture The Degradation of Ration In Sacco
Abstrak: Metode in sacco mengukur laju degradasi bahan pakan menggunakan kantong nilon pada sapi berfistula rumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan bahan lokal pada pembuatan kantong nilon untuk penelitian in sacco sebagai alternatif kantong Ankom impor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan enam jenis bahan kantong nilon (Abutai, Tafetta, Organza, N57, M100 dan Ankom). Tiga periode inkubasi digunakan sebagai kelompok: masing-masing periode terdiri dari 0,3,6,12,24,48 dan 72 jam inkubasi. Kinetika degradasi (kelarutan (a), potensi degradasi (b), laju degradasi (c) dan degradasi teoritis (DE)) diduga menggunakan hasil degradasi serial tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis kantong yang digunakan secara signifikan (P<0,05) mempengaruhi degradasi bahan kering (DBK) dan organik (DBO) ransum. Degradasi ransum menggunakan kantong nilon Abutai, Tafetta dan N57 mirip dengan kantong Ankom. Koefisien b dari DBK dan DBO tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) antar perlakuan meskipun N57 memiliki porositas lebih tinggi dari Ankom, namun menghasilkan kinetika degradasi yang hampir sama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa kantong nilon Abutai, Tafetta dan N57 dapat menggantikan Ankom pada ujidegradasi in sacco ransum sapi perah. Kata kunci: degradasi pakan, in sacco,laju degradasi pakan, porositas, rumen fistula, In sacco method measures the rate of degradation of feed ingredients using nylon bags in rumen fistulated cattle. This study aims to determine the use of local bag material in the in- sacco study as an alternative to imported Ankom bags. A randomized block design was used in this study with six types of nylon bag materials (Abutai, Tafetta, Organza, N57, M100 and Ankom). Three periods of incubation were used as the block; each consisted of 0,3,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours of incubation. Degradation kinetics (solubility (a), degradation potential (b), rate of degradation (c) and theoretical degradation (DE) were estimated using the serial degradation results. The results showed that the type of bag used significantly (P<0,05) affected the DMD and OMD rations. Ration degradation using Abutai, Tafetta and N57 nylon bags was similar to the Ankom bags. The b coefficient of DMD and OMD was not significantly (P>0,05) different between the treatments. Even though the N57 has a higher porosity than Ankom, it produced similar degradation kinetics.This study concluded that Abutai, Tafetta and N57 nylon bags could substitute Ankom nylon bags for in sacco degradation testing of dairy cattle ration. Keyword: Feed degradation, in sacco, rate of degradation, porosity, rumen
Keyword: feed degradation, in sacco, rate of degradation, pororisty, rumen fistulous

Judul: Study Quality of Several Local Nylon Bags Through In Sacco Corn Degradation Analysis
Abstrak: Pengukuran kecernaan pada metode in sacco dengan menggunakan sapi fistula rumen memerlukan kantong berbahan nilon. Penggunaan kantong nilon standar yang diimpor dari Amerika (Ankom) ternilai mahal, sehingga diperlukan mengidentifikasi kantong nilon lokal yang dapat menggantikannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas beberapa kantong nilon yang dibuat dari kain nilon lokal melalui pengukuran degradasi bahan kering dan bahan organik (DBK dan DBO) konsentrat yang diwakili oleh jagung di dalam fistula rumen dua ekor sapi Frisian Holstein. Rancangan acak kelompok digunakan dengan perlakuan berupa 5 jenis kantong nilon lokal yaitu, Abutai, Tafetta, Organza, N57, dan M100 dengan pembanding kantong nilon Ankom. Waktu inkubasi di dalam rumen selama 0, 2, 4, 8, 16, dan 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DBK dan DBO jagung nyata dipengaruhi oleh jenis kantong yang digunakan. Degradasi jagung semakin meningkat seiring dengan lamanya inkubasi. Degradasi jagung menggunakan kantong nilon Tafetta, Organza dan M100 mendekati degradasi jagung dengan menggunakan kantong Ankom. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa kantong nilon Tafetta, Organza, dan M100 dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti penggunaan kantong nilon Ankom untuk pengujian degradasi jagung pada in sacco., Nylon bag is needed to measure digestibility in the in sacco method. The use of standard nylon bags were imported from America (Ankom) is expensive, so it is necessary to identify local nylon bags. This study aimed to analyze the quality of several nylon bags made from local nylon fabric by the degradation of dry matter and organic matter (DMD and OMD) concentrates represented by corn in the rumen fistula of two Frisian Holstein. A randomized block design was used with treatment in the form of 5 types of local nylon bags, namely, Abutai, Tafetta, Organza, N57, and M100 with Ankom nylon bags as comparison. Incubation time in the rumen for 0, 2, 4, 8,16, and 24 hours. The results showed that DMD and OMD corn were significantly influenced by the type of bag. Corn degradation increased with the length of incubation. Corn degradation using Tafetta, Organza and M100 nylon bags was close to maize degradation using Ankom bags. Based on the corn degradation test, it was concluded that Tafetta, Organza, and M100 nylon bags could be used instead of Ankom nylon bags for in sacco.
Keyword: Ankom, concentrate, degradation, in sacco, nylon bag

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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