Judul: Modifikasi Enrichment BHI untuk Optimasi Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus Protein A pada Metode Serum Soft Agar.
Abstrak: Metode Serum Soft Agar merupakan salah satu teknik sederhana yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan protein A pada bakteri S. aureus. Protein A adalah produk spesifik dari bakteri S. aureus dan sekitar 99% dari strain bakteri S. aureus mengandung protein tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan pertumbuhan koloni bakteri S. aureus pada waktu inkubasi BHI 90 menit (modifikasi) dan 24 jam (kontrol) menggunakan metode serum soft agar. S. aureus yang tumbuh terlihat dari ekspresi protein A berkoloni kompak di serum kelinci tetapi difus di serum ayam. Berdasarkan hasil uji SSA, hanya 13 isolat dari 15 isolat yang digunakan mampu mengekspresikan hasil yang sama dengan kontrol (metode 24 jam) sehingga inkubasi BHI 24 jam masih menjadi metode yang paling baik saat ini untuk pertumbuhan S. aureus.
Keyword: Protein A, SSA, Staphylococcus aureus

Judul: Perbandingan Serum Soft Agar Dan Agar Gel Precipitation Test Dalam Mendeteksi Keberadaan Protein A Pada Staphylococcus Aureus
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan protein A dalam Staphylococcus aureus dengan menggunakan serum soft agar (SSA) dan agar gel precipitation test (AGPT). Serum yang digunakan pada teknik SSA antara lain serum kelinci dan ayam, sedangkan pada metode AGPT digunakan serum domba, serum kelinci, dan serum ayam. Pada teknik SSA dilakukan pengujian terhadap 13 isolat S. aureus. Keberadaan protein A dalam SSA dapat diketahui dengan terbentuknya koloni yang kompak. Sedangkan koloni diffuse akan terbentuk pada S. aureus yang tidak memproduksi protein A. Berdasarkan hasil uji SSA, didapatkan lima isolat dari 13 isolat yang membentuk koloni kompak. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa SSA dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan protein A dan tidak semua strain S. aureus memproduksi protein A. Pada metode AGPT, keberadaan protein A dicoba dengan menguji serum kelinci dan serum domba terhadap antigen. Pada hasil uji AGPT, garis presipitasi hanya terbentuk terhadap pada daerah antara serum kelinci dan antigen. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa metode AGPT tidak dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan protein A pada S. aureus.
Keyword: Staphylococcus aureus, protein A, SSA, AGPT

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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