Judul: Reaksi dan Titer Antiserum Monoklonal Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) terhadap Antigen Virus pada Tanaman Tomat.
Abstrak: Tomato cholorosis virus (ToCV) commonly infects tomato plants worldwide. The virus induces chlorosis disease on the plants and causes significant economic losses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the only method available for ToCV detection. But, currently, a monoclonal-like antiserum was successfully produced using an antigen containing oligo 16 amino acids generated based on ToCV coat protein gene. The aims of the research were (1) to analyze the antiserum reaction to the viral antigen in tomato plant and (2) to measure the titer of the antiserum. Serological reactions were analyzed using agarose gel precipitation test (AGPT) and dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). The titer of the antiserum was measured using undiluted sap prepared from ToCV-infected tomato leaf tissues. Based on the research result, there is no any precipitation of antigen-antibody complex visible on AGPT, and there for, this serological method was not reliable for analyzed serological reaction of the virus. On the other hand, DIBA gave a strong positive signal if the antiserum was reacted with ToCV-containing sap, but there no any positive signal if the antigen extracted from healthy tomato plant. Using this method, furthermore, the titer of the antiserum was reach to 1/10000. The DIBA, therefore, considered as a reliable serological method for the ToCV using this monoclonal antiserum
Keyword: reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction., dot immunobinding assay, antiserum titer, agarose gel precipitation test

Judul: Uji Serologi Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Abstrak: Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), a whitefly-transmitted and phloem-limited Crinivirus infecting tomatoes worldwide, is reported for the first time occur in Indonesia in 2006. In tomato, ToCV cause interveinal yellowing that developed initially on lower leaves and then progressed to the upper part of the plant. Affected plants were less vigorous and yielded less due to reduced fruit growth and delayed ripening. Polyclonal antiserum has been already produced using capsid proteins of ToCV expressed in Escherichia coli. Reaction and titer of the antiserum were analyzed in this research. Serological reactions were analyzed using agarose gel precipitation test (AGPT) and dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). The titer of the antiserum was measured using undiluted sap prepared from ToCV-infected tomato leaf tissues. Based on the research result, the ToCV antiserum was specifically reacted with ToCV antigen. AGPT and DIBA gave a strong positive signal if the antiserum was reacted with ToCV-containing sap, but there no any positive signal if the antigen extracted from healthy tomato plant. Using AGPT method, the titer of the antiserum was only 1/2, but using DIBA the titer was reach up to 1/10000. The DIBA, therefore, considered as a reliable serological method for the ToCV using this antiserum.
Keyword: dot immunobinding assay., antiserum titer, agarose gel precipitation test

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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