Judul: Perkiraan Biaya Perangkat Lunak Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy
Abstrak: Perkiraan biaya perangkat lunak merupakan salah satu bagian terpenting dari pengembangan perangkat lunak. Perkiraan biaya yang terlalu kecil akan mengakibatkan perangkat lunak yang dihasilkan berkualitas rendah. Sebaliknya, perkiraan biaya yang terlalu besar akan mengakibatkan pemborosan sumber daya yang digunakan. Pada penelitian ini, dikembangkan suatu model perkiraan biaya perangkat lunak menggunakan logika fuzzy. Penelitian ini membandingkan dua metode perkiraan biaya perangkat lunak, yaitu Intermediate COCOMO dan Fuzzy Intermediate COCOMO. Data yang digunakan adalah data proyek NASA yang telah dilakukan pada tahun 1980 sampai 1990. Model yang dihasilkan dievaluasi menggunakan MRE (Magnitude of Relative Error), Mean MRE (MMRE), Median MRE (MdMRE), Min MRE, Max MRE, dan Standar Deviasi MRE (SdMRE). Kinerja model secara umum direpresentasikan dalam nilai MMRE.
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Judul: Perkiraan Biaya Perangkat Lunak dengan Jaringan Saraf Tiruan Propagasi Balik
Abstrak: In line with the advance of technology, human needs for software are also growing. Software is used to help people to lighten their work. This has caused the software becomes increasingly complex and the production cost also become increasingly expensive. No wonder if the software developers need a method of cost estimation that estimates accurately for the efficiency and effectiveness of the company. With this, the company can be protected from loss due to incorrect cost estimates. This study uses data from the COCOMO 81 derived from the Boehm journals in 1981, entitled Software engineering economics. This data group consists of 63 projects each have 17 main attributes, namely, a numerical type of 15 Cost Driver (CD), the size of the project in Kilo Lines of Code (KLOC), and the actual cost of the project in the Person of the Month (PM). Data are grouped into two parts, namely training data and test data in the form of 15 types of Cost Drivers and the size of the project (KLOC), this data is transformed into the range [0.1, 0.9] according to the sigmoid function of range. In this research, the neural network is used to do the software cost estimation. The network architecture used was the multilayer perceptron with a back propagation learning algorithm. The number of neuron in the hidden layer is determined from the optimal architecture which provides a best estimation value. Once found the best architecture which is has the optimal number of neuron, conducted the evaluation. The evaluation method used is the Mean Magnitude Error (MRE) and Pred (l). MRE is the error between the actual and estimated value while Pred (l) is prediction at the level L. Results of research indicate that there are relation between the types of project with the MRE. There is a tendency for this technique provides a high accuracy if the actual value of the test data is big. Poor accuracy obtained at the small value of actual test data. This research resulted in the value of Mean MRE (MMRE) of 76%, Median MRE (MRE Med) of 23% and Pred (0.25) of 52%. On this research, normalization of the target data has not been conducted so that the error generated in the process of evaluation is big.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell