Judul: Evaluation of Anti-Diarrhea Effects of Indonesia Chamomile Infusion in Mice (Mus Musculus).
Abstrak: Chamomile telah banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengatasi masalah saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek perlindungan ekstrak infusa chamomile (CIE) terhadap diare yang diinduksi minyak jarak pada mencit. Dalam penelitian ini, infus chamomile konsentrasi 50% memberikan efek anti diare terbaik. Efeknya secara bertahap turun saat konsentrasi meningkat menjadi 75% dan 100%. Diare adalah salah satu alasan kunjungan dokter hewan yang paling sering dan banyak patogen gastrointestinal menimbulkan risiko zoonosis pada manusia dan hewan. Aktivitas antidiare dievaluasi menggunakan metode diare yang diinduksi minyak jarak. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: Kontrol positif (Castor oil-Loperamide (LOP)), kontrol negatif (Castor oil-tween 1%), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (Castor oil - CIE konsentrasi 100%,75% Dan 50%). Hewan secara oral diobati dengan CIE sebelum pemberian minyak jarak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa CIE mampu memberikan perlindungan terhadap penumpukan cairan usus dan diare yang diinduksi oleh minyak jarak. Namun, pada metode transit intestinal menunjukan Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak chamomile memiliki sifat antidiare yang kuat pada mencit yang membuktikan khasiat penggunaannya dalam pengobatan tradisional., Traditional medicine has made extensive use of chamomile to address digestive tract issues. The present work aims to investigate the protective effects of chamomile infusion extract (CIE) against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. In this research, 50% concentration chamomile infusion contribute to the best anti-diarrhea effect. The effect gradually goes down when concentration increase to 75% and 100%. Diarrhea is one of the most frequent reasons of veterinary visits and most of the gastrointestinal pathogens pose zoonotic risk to human and animals. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using the castor oil-induced diarrhea method. In this respect, mice were divided into five groups: control positive (Castor oil-Loperamide (LOP)), control negative (Castor oil-tween 1%), and (Castor oil- 100%, 75% and 50% doses of CIE respectively). Animals were orally pre-treated with CIE and followed by one-time administration of castor oil respectively. The evaluation of the effect will be carried out using protective intestinal and transit intestinal evaluation methods. The outcomes demonstrated that CIE exhibited a dose-dependent protection against intestinal fluid buildup and diarrhea caused by castor oil. However, the intestinal transit method demonstrates that CIE has a negligible impact on decreasing intestinal motility. These ﬁndings suggested that chamomile extract had potent antidiarrheal properties in mice conﬁrming their use in traditional medicine.
Keyword: anti diare, anti-diarrhea, chamomile, chamomile, infusion, mencit, mice, obat tradisional, traditional medicine

Judul: Effectiveness of Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) Infusion As Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Diare adalah penyakit gastrointestinal yang umum terjadi pada berbagai spesies hewan, dengan implikasi yang signifikan terhadap kesehatan dan produktivitas hewan. Penelitian ini menyelidiki khasiat infusa daun cengkeh sebagai agen antidiare pada mencit (Mus musculus). Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 100%, 50%, dan 25%. Tahapan penelitian meliputi skrining fitokimia dan uji antidiare dengan methode proteksi intestinal. Mencit diberikan berbagai perlakuan secara oral berdasarkan pembagian kelompok pada metode proteksi usus dan dipantau selama 9 jam. Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode proteksi intestinal yakni frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, awal mula dan durasi diare. Analisis fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin pada ekstrak daun cengkeh. Uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji Tukey digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 25% dan 50% tidak efektif, sedangkan konsentrasi infusa daun cengkih 100% efektif sebagai antidiare pada mencit. Konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 100% terbukti efektif sebagai antidiare., Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal ailment affecting various animal species, with significant implications for animal health and productivity. This study investigates the efficacy of Clove leaves infusion as an antidiarrheal agent in mice (Mus musculus). A total of 30 mice were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, 100%, 50%, and 25% concentration of Clove leaves infusion. Intestinal protection methods and phytochemical screening test are used. Mice were orally administered various treatments based on group divisions in the intestinal protection method and monitored for 9 hours. The parameters used in the intestinal protection method are defecation frequency, stool consistency, and the onset and duration of diarrhea. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the Clove leaves extract. ANOVA one-way test and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. The result showed that 25% and 50% concentration of Clove leaves infusion are not effective while 100% concentration of Clove leaves infusion is effective as antidiarrheal in the mice. 100% concentration of Clove leaves infusion has show the effectiveness as an antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, mencit, antidiarrheal, infusion, mice, daun cengkeh, Clove leaves

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm