Judul: REVITALIZATION STRATEGY OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM BASED ON CONSERVATION IN MUARA GEMBONG, BEKASI REGENCY, WEST JAVA
Abstrak: Mangrove ecosystems have very important roles and functions both physically, biologically and socio-economically. The mangrove ecosystem of Muara Gembong has changed a lot due to high land conversion which has an impact on seawater intrusion, abrasion, tidal flooding, damage to public facilities and declining environmental quality. The lack of clarity in management results in differences in the objectives of stakeholders in the utilization of natural resources, resulting in conflicts of interest. The study was conducted in five coastal villages of Muara Gembong (Bakti Beach, Happy Beach, Simple Beach, Mekar Beach and Harapanjaya Beach). The general objective of this research is to formulate a strategy for revitalizing the mangrove ecosystem of Muara Gembong, West Java. This study has three supporting objectives, namely analyzing changes in the condition of the mangrove ecosystem, analyzing the suitability of mangrove conservation areas, and analyzing the role of stakeholders in mangrove ecosystem management. The area of the Muara Gembong mangrove ecosystem in 2020 reached 1028.64 hectares with a stand density level ranging from 1033-1425 individuals/hectare. Mangrove Avicennia spp., Rhizophora spp. dominate along the coast. The suitability of the mangrove habitat was analyzed based on the Conservation Area Suitability Index (IKK). The Very Appropriate category (S1) was found in Muara Bendera and Muara Pecah in Pantai Bahagia Village, Muara Kuntul in Pantai Sederhana Village and Muara Jaya in Pantai Mekar Village, while the Appropriate category (S2) was in Muara Bungin, Pantai Bakti Village and Muara Blacan in Pantai Harapanjaya Village. Perception of the community that mangrove ecosystems have an important role in protecting land from abrasion, storms and ocean waves. The value of the mangrove ecosystem services is able to contribute Rp296,176,730.69/hectare/year. The value of provisioning services (fisheries associated with mangroves)contributed 31.09%, regulating services (breakwaters, prevention of seawater intrusion and natural feed providers) reached 60.26%, the value of supporting services as a provider of natural feed and biodiversity was 8.42% and the value of cultural services as the value of existence reaches 0.23%. Perum Perhutani (key player) which has great authority and responsibility in managing the area has not been able to repair the damage to mangroves. The Central Government as the highest authority needs to properly re-mapping stakeholders as partners in the management of mangrove ecosystems with a collaborative management. The main priorities in the strategy to revitalize the Muara Gembong mangrove ecosystem are (1) overcoming of abrasion and tidal flooding, (2) mangrove rehabilitation, (3) opening of coastal tourism areas, (4) community empowerment (5) silvofishery in pond areas and (6) alignment and implementation of regulations.
Keyword: mangrove ecosystem, Muara Gembong, revitalization strategy

Judul: Strategi Pengelolaan Kawasan Mangrove Berbasis Lingkungan Fisik dan Sosial di Desa Muara, Kabupaten Tangerang
Abstrak: Conversion of mangrove area into aquaculture land is one of the biggest causes of degradation of mangrove areas. Conversion of mangrove area and the area of ponds which not used again resulted in increasing numbers of mangrove area were damaged and open. In general, reduction of mangrove forests as a result of land conversion have an impact are quite complex, such: the coastline erosion, high tide, flooding due to rain, declining water quality, and in the end lead to a decrease in overall environmental quality. Therefore, environmental management and conservation of mangrove forest ecosystems it is very necessary to make improvement of environmental quality in mangrove areas. Based on those reasons, this study aims to: 1) identify the vulnerability of degradation of mangrove areas in the Village of Muara, Tangerang; 2) identify environmental factors (supporting and inhibiting) that effect on the rehabilitation of mangrove areas in the Village of Muara and formulate the strategy of rehabilitation. The study was conducted in the village of Muara, subdistrict of Teluknaga, district of Tangerang, Province of Banten. The data used in this study consisted of primary data and secondary data. The primary data obtained through sampling, field surveys and interviews. Secondary data were obtained by collecting data and information required from various related institutions. Analyzer which used in this study consisted of: analysis of vegetation, analysis of the vulnerability of mangrove degradation, descriptive analysis of environmental factors, and A'WOT analysis (combined AHP and SWOT) to formulate rehabilitation strategies of mangrove. The results showed that the mangrove areas Muara experienced a high level of vulnerability of degradation based on mangrove vegetation characteristics. Mangrove vegetation in Muara has a level of low density, levels of low species diversity and levels of high dominance. There are six mangrove species which was found in mangrove areas Muara, that is Avicennia alba, Avicennia officinnalis. Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora stylosa, Rhizophora mucronata, and Nypa fruticans. Mangrove species with the highest INP present in Rhizophora mucronata. Rehabilitation process of mangrove by revegetation methods are needed, wherein, species of mangrove that are used in revegetation process are local species which the seeds can be found in the mangrove areas of Muara. Physical environmental conditions of mangrove areas in Muara are generally still suitable for of mangrove growth. Rural communities in Muara showed a positive perception and attitude towards mangrove rehabilitation activities that conducted in their village. Based on analysis of the relationship between the factors that conducted in the A'WOT analysis, there are three (3) alternative strategies that be a priority to succeed the mangrove rehabilitation program in mangrove areas of Muara, namely: 1) Promoting Muara as one of the educational tourist attractions for mangrove; 2) Involvement and empowerment of communities in each of the process of rehabilitation and conservation of mangrove; 3) Making the Village of Muara as a supplier of mangrove seedlings for mangrove rehabilitation and conservation in coastal areas of Jakarta
Keyword: mangrove, mangrove rehabilitation, mangrove ecosystems, rehabilitation strategies

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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