Judul: Parallel Computing for Medicinal Plant Identification System Using Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern
Abstrak: As biological image databases are increasing rapidly, automated species identification based on digital data is of great interest for accelerating biodiversity assessment, research and monitoring. This research applied high performance computing (HPC) on medicinal plant identification system. We propose parallel computing on medicinal plant image processing using Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern (FLBP). The main goal of the research was to measure the efficiency of parallel computing on medicinal plant image processing and evaluation whether this approach is reasonable for handling large data sets. This research proposes two models of parallel design to identify medicinal plant. The first model used data parallel design and the second model used task parallel design on FLBP process. Both of model are applied on the computer cluster, which consists of eight computers with the same spesicification. The development of the parallel design used the message-passing model with MPI library and the C/C++ language programming. The parallel computation performance was evaluated by speed up, efficiency and iso-efficiency. The experimental result shows that both of the parallel design models can reduce the computing time of the image feature extraction on a medicinal plant identification system. The values of the speedup on the first model by the time of the extraction was 1 440 image data by using 8 processors, is 7.64 with efficiency value of 0.95. The second model uses 8 processors generated the value of the speedup is 6.9 with efficiency value 0.87. The result of the comparation values between the speedup and the efficiency of both design model shows that first model has better performance by the time of the extraction 1 440 leaf images. This is affected by the process of image area dividing on the second model that requires more complex of communication cost. We analyzed that in the second model if we add processor would effect on communication cost. This condition did not occurred on the first model, so that the speedup and efficiency are better than the second model. The experimental result of query image extraction shows that the speedup on the first model is 6.73, with efficiency value of 0.84. The second model produces speedup value is 7.96, with efficiency value of 0.99. The different between speedup value and efficiency produced is affected by the dividing of data from those two parallel models. The first model divides 20 combination of the operator and FLBP threshold. The process of data dividing on first model enables unideal data partitioning. The ideal data dividing is at the time of each processors compute the data with the same volume. The unideal data dividing may cause an idle condition. The idle condition can affect the performance and the parallel time generated by the first model. The dividing of the data on second model by dividing the image area equal to the processors used. The data dividing on the second model is ideal condition, so that the speedup and efficiency are better than first model.
Keyword: Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern, High Performance Computing, Parallel Computing.

Judul: Perbandingan Local Binary Pattern dan Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern untuk Ekstraksi Citra Tumbuhan Obat
Abstrak: This research implements Fuzzy Local Binary Pattern (FLBP) method for plant images feature extraction. FLBP is used to handle uncertainty on images with various patterns. FLBP approach is based on the assumption that a local image neighbourhood may be characterized by more than a single binary pattern. In order to improve the speed on image searcing, this research used Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). This approach was experimentally evaluated and compared with the original LBP on a dataset of medicinal plant for images non-background and house plant for images with background. The database contains 1440 medicinal plant leaf images and 300 tree images belonging to 30 different types and is obtained from Biofarmaka IPB, Cikabayan Farm, Green house Center Ex-Situ Conservation of Medicinal Plant Indonesia Tropical Forest and Gunung Leutik. Experimental results show that FLBP is superior to LBP based on the increased accuracy in medicinal plant identification (FLBP: 66.33% vs LBP: 34.46% ). It can be concluded that this approach is capable to identify medicinal plants species efficiently and accurately
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Judul: Eksistensi Nikah Siri di Masyarakat dan Posisi Perempuan
Abstrak: Nikah siri bukanlah merupakan fenomena baru di Indonesia, namun sudah ada sejak puluhan tahun silam, sebelum ada pencatatan pernikahan maka nikah siri adalah pernikahan yang sah menurut agama dan masyarakat, karena moda sosial ekonomi dan strategi nafkah berubah maka hak civil juga berubah dengan berbagai dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh nikah siri terutama bagi perempuan dan anak. Secara umum penelitian ini untuk mengungkap : (1) Tipologi nikah siri yang ada di Desa Warurejo dan aktor-aktor yang terlibat, fungsi manifes dan laten nikah siri pada masyarakat dan aktor-aktor yang menikmati fungsi manifes dan laten nikah siri. (2) Sistem nilai dan norma yang berlaku pada masyarakat, mengungkap pengaruh struktur terhadap posisi perempuan yang menikah siri, mendiskripsikan pemahaman agama Islam oleh masyarakat dan individu terhadap nikah siri. Pandangan individu, tokoh agama Islam, budaya, sosial dan masyarakat secara umum terhadap nikah siri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat empat tipologi nikah siri pada masyarakat Warurejo, yaitu: perjodohan antar kerabat, perjodohan oleh orangtua dan broker, menikah siri dengan batuan broker dan menikah siri atas kemauan sendiri. Nikah siri tidak hanya berdampak negatif tetapi memiliki fungsi positif yaitu mampu meningkatkan kehidupan ekonomi individu, jaringan nikah siri, Kyai dan infra struktur masyarakat. Pernikahan siri merupakan mekanisme untuk meringankan beban ekonomi orangtua. Mengawinkan anak dibawah umur walaupun dengan cara siri berarti pula meringankan beban ekonomi keluarga. Anak perempuan yang sudah menikah bukan lagi tanggungjawab orangtua, namun tanggungjawab seorang suami. Struktur berpengaruh terhadap posisi perempuan nikah siri, perempuan yang menikah walaupun siri, lebih dihormati dan dihargai dalam masyarakat daripada perempuan janda atau perawan yang belum menikah walaupun cukup umur. Selain itu, Kyai memiliki kekuasaan untuk menginterpretasikan hukum Islam untuk merasionalisasikan dan melegitimasi nikah siri, daripada melakukan perbuatan yang dilarang agama yaitu berzina dan berdosa. Interpretasi hukum agama disosialisasikan oleh Kyai bahwa sahnya suatu pernikahan dalam hukum Islam ditandai oleh adanya ijab qobul, sedangkan perayaannya merupakan sunnah yang boleh saja tidak dilaksanakan. Karena hukum agama Islam, memperbolehkan seorang laki-laki memiliki isteri lebih dari satu, sehingga terbentuk pola berupa aturan-aturan dan norma-norma untuk melegalkan nikah siri.
Keyword: Nikah siri actors, nikah siri network, economy, religious norms