Judul: Keterkaitan antara Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Perpajakan Indonesia
Abstrak: Tax has an important role in the economy as a source of goverment revenue, and fiscal intsrument. However, tax can also reduce efficiency in economic activity. The tax to GDP ratio of Indonesia is still low at a level of 12% in average over the last fifteen years. Nevertheless, economic growth relatively shows good performance with an average about 6% since the last ten years. Theres is needed a research because in previous studies about taxation and economic growth in several countries showed different on results. This study will analyze connection between taxation and economic growth of Indonesia. Secondary data were used from period 1980-2013 with variable of GDP, and the details of tax revenue. By means of VAR analysis result, concluded that there is uni directional relationship between the economy and taxation in Indonesia, which is the economic growth affects taxation.
Keyword: VAR, tax revenue, tax ratio, Economic growth

Judul: Dampak Pengeluaran Pemerintah Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Indonesia
Abstrak: Dalam pendekatan pengeluaran, salah satu unsur yang dapat meningkatkan pendapatan nasional adalah pengeluaran pemerintah (government expenditure). Pengeluaran pemerintah untuk pembangunan fisik maupun modal manusia sangat diperlukan dalam mendukung perekonomian Indonesia. Kebijakan fiskal harus terus ditingkatkan melalui anggaran pembangunan. Pengeluaran pemerintah untuk pembangunan relatif kecil setiap tahunnya dibandingkan dengan pengeluaran lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pengeluaran pemerintah terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi komponen utama (Principal Component Regression). Hasil dari penelitian ini, tahun 1979 sampai 2013 menunjukan variabel pengeluaran pemerintah untuk pendidikan, kesehatan, transportasi, pertanian, irigasi, telekomunikasi, permukiman, pertahanan, energi dan lingkungan hidup berpengaruh positif secara signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia. Pemerintah sebaiknya terus meningkatkan anggaran untuk pembangunan, terutama untuk energi, pertanian dan transportasi yang memiliki pengaruh paling besar terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi Indonesia.
Keyword: Economic growth, Fiscal policy, Government spending, Principal component regression, Gross domestic product, Principal component regressia, Consumption, Investment, Governemt Expenditure, Government

Judul: Karakteristik Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH
Abstrak: Carboxymethyl chitosan is chitosan derivative product obtained from chemical modification. CMCh were made by alkalization process and carboxymethylation process. Factors that affect CMCh characteristics were excess sodium hydroxide in alkalization process, ratio between chitosan and monochloroacetic acid, and carboxymethylation temperature. The objectives of this research were to study the NaOH effect to CMCh characteristics, to learn process of making CMCh, to set the proper concentration of NaOH, and to analyze CMCh characteristics. CMCh yields were 110.72%-114.22%. CMCh pH value were 3.74-4.31. The optimum NaOH concentration to obtain the best CHCh was 10 M. Percentage of CMCh moisture content was 10.70%-11.42%. Ash content and nitrogen content of CMCh were 0.49%-0.50% and 4.52%-4.81%. CMCh viscousity was 8.25 cps. Percentage of CMCh solubility was 61.61%-91.50%. The different functional groups from chitosan which observed in CMCh were C=O group, CH group from alkene functional group, C−O group, and C−O−C group.
Keyword: solubility., functional group, CMCh characteristics, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan