Judul: Pemanfaatan hasil samping untuk pembangkitan energi dan air pada produksi gula kristal putih
Abstrak: Sugar production process consumes a lot of energy and water. In contrast, the availability of energy and clean water sources are now declining. Optimal utilization of by-products as a new source of energy and water would meet the need of sugar processing requirement and possible to create an independent process of energy and water. The scope of this study were to analyze the mass balance, assess the energy content of by-product, and build a closed flow of the production process independent energy and water. This study used secondary data and sugar mill factual data. The inputs entered into the system is the sugar cane, water, and additives. Closed production system model was developed using the mass balance principle by assessing the efficiency of the system and yield. Mass balance showed the amount of by-products from which the potential energy and water were calculated. This study showed sugar yield of 11.82% is achievable. Potential energy of 3,000 ton cane per day mill that can be utilized is 2,237,500,775 kcal per day. This potential energy can meet the energy needs of the plant, with an energy excess of energy of 37,081 kWh. In addition the factory may product surplus water of 1,477 ton per day. The study explains that the sugar mills can be independent of energy and water by optimizing the utilization of byproducts and the efficiency of the system. The results of the study can be considered energy policies to limit the use of fossil energy in sugar mill.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), closed system., sugarcane mill, energy and water cogeneration

Judul: Analisis efisiensi proses produksi untuk peningkatan kinerja industri gula tebu (Cane Sugar) (Studi kasus di PG. Jatiluhur Majalengka, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Sugar is one of the most important commodities in Indonesia. Most of sugar manufacturing in Indonesia was owned or sun by Indonesian government. Sugar consumption rate cannot be fulfilled by local sugar manufacturer, that's why importing sugar became an option. The insignificant rate of increasing of sugar production every year make import rate is keep increasing Efficiency in sugar production process is one thing that need some attention. This time, most of sugar factory that owned by government are decreasing in productivity. PG Jatitujuh is sugar processing factory that processing cane into white crystal sugar (SHS) and one of sugar factory in Java that still runs well. Efficiency in sugar production process can be analyzed by using PG Jatitujuh production data. Analysis result shows that efficiency in sugar production process can be rendered, by optimalised increasing of imbibitions water. The optimum value of imbibitions water is 25-30 percent of processed cane. The decline of pol value in the amount of 0,01 percent is equal with 1,729 ton or equal with Rp. 8.297.865,- recovery sugar £rom bagasse. The decline of HK value in the amount of 0,01 percent is equal with 0,273 ton or equal with Rp. 1.3 12.524,- recovery sugar from molasses.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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