Judul: Simulasi Laju Penurunan Glukosa Darah Diabetes Tipe 1 Setelah Melakukan Aktivitas Fisik
Abstrak: Decline rate modeling of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes after exercise that made by Roy5 not attach consumption glucose factor. In the fact, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) consume the glucose before exercise. Consumption of glucose can from food or drinks. In the research, we modify Roy’s5 model by attached glucose consumption. Result of modification model isn’t too different to experiment data. This is evident from R2 value obtained for 99.30%. In addition, this modification result isn’t much different with Anirban Roy’s model that have R2 value is 99.25%. Parameter values used for this model modification it’s identic, they are insulin injection (u1) is 15 μU min-1, exercise duration is 60 minute, patient boddy mass is 80 kg, and glucose consumption (D) is around to 10 mg min-1 dl-1 (for parameter values in modification model). Hypoglycemia will occur if amount of insulin injected into patient too much, while hyperglycemia can occur if amount of insulin injected into patient too little.
Keyword: hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glucose, exercise, diabetes mellitus

Judul: Simulasi Pengaruh Aktivitas Fisik dan Pemberian Insulin terhadap Laju Penurunan Glukosa Darah Diabetes Tipe 2.
Abstrak: Pengaruh pemberian insulin dan aktivitas fisik terhadap kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes tipe 2 dapat dimodelkan dengan menggunakan suatu persamaan matematika. Persamaaan matematika yang digunakan adalah persamaan matematika Roy yang dimodifikasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, pemberian insulin yang bervariasi ketika melakukan aktivitas fisik berpengaruh terhadap penurunan laju glukosa darah penderita diabetes tipe 2. Variasi pemberian insulin ketika melakukan aktivitas fisik yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu tanpa pemberian insulin untuk justifikasi 1, pemberian insulin sebesar 10 μU min-1 untuk justifikasi 2, pemberian insulin sebesar 15 μU min-1 untuk justifikasi 3, pemberian insulin sebesar 20 μU min-1 untuk justifikasi 4, dan pemberian insulin sebesar 25 μU min-1 untuk justifikasi 5. Semakin besar insulin yang diberikan ketika melakukan aktivitas fisik, semakin cepat laju penurunan kadar glukosa darah pada penderita diabetes tipe 2. Hasil pemodelan justifikasi 1 yang digunakan sebagai kontrol memiliki nilai korelasi antara simulasi dengan data eksperimen diatas 90% Hal ini memperlihatkan bahwa modifikasi model yang dilakukan menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai dengan keadaan sebenarnya.
Keyword: ktivitas, fisik, diabetes tipe 2, insulin, glukosa

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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