Judul: Analysis and Design of Wage Structure and Scale in
Small Food and Beverage Businesses in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Di tengah pertumbuhan jumlah UMKM yang terus meningkat, diiringi juga dengan turnover intention karyawan dengan alasan kompensasi yang kurang adil. Hal ini terjadi karena belum tersusunnya Struktur dan Skala Upah di UKM tersebut . Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 1 Tahun 2017 juga mewajibkan setiap Usaha memiliki Struktur dan Skala Upah dan akan dikenakan sanksi apabila melanggar. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah 1) Mengidentifikasi penerapan sistem kompensasi yang ada pada Usaha Kecil Kabupaten Bogor, 2) Menganalisis pemberian kompensasi secara internal dan eksternal, 3) Menyusun SSU bagi Usaha Kecil Kabupaten Bogor berdasarkan metode dua titik. Pengumpulan dan pengolahan data dilakukan pada Januari hingga Juli 2024 di 9 Usaha Kecil Kabupaten Bogor. Jenis dan Sumber data penelitian ini ialah data primer dan data sekunder. Metode yang digunakan ialah analisis deskriptif, salary survey, salary mapping dan metode dua titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap Usaha Kecil sudah menggaji karyawan sesuai Struktur dan Skala Upah Rekomendasi karena sudah dalam keadaan inpaid., Amid the growing number of MSMEs, there is also an increase in employee turnover intention due to perceived unfair compensation. This occurs because these SMEs have not yet established a Wage Structure and Scale. The Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 1 of 2017 also requires every business to have a Wage Structure and Scale, with sanctions for non-compliance. The objectives of this study are 1) To identify the implementation of existing compensation systems in Small Businesses in Bogor Regency, 2) To analyze internal and external compensation, 3) To develop a Wage Structure and Scale for Small Businesses in Bogor Regency based on the two-point method. Data collection and processing were conducted from January to June 2024 in 9 Small Businesses in Bogor Regency. The types and sources of data for this research are primary and secondary data. The methods used are descriptive analysis, salary survey, salary mapping, and the two-point method. The results show that each Small Business is already paying employees according to the Recommended Wage Structure and Scale as they are in an inpaid condition.
Keyword: Kompensasi, metode dua titik, usaha kecil, makanan dan minuman

Judul: Analysis and Design of Pay Structures and Scales for Medium Enterprises in the Culinary Sector in Bogor City
Abstrak: Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan No. 1 Tahun 2017 mewajibkan pengusaha untuk menyusun struktur dan skala upah (SSU) tetapi masih banyak usaha yang belum menerapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi sistem kompensasi yang diterima karyawan usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor, menganalisis perbandingan kompensasi pada usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor secara internal dan eksternal, dan menyusun struktur dan skala upah bagi usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor berdasarkan metode dua titik. Pengumpulan dan pengolahan data dilakukan pada Januari 2024 hingga Juni 2024. Jenis data meliputi data primer (wawancara, kuesioner) dan data sekunder dari website Pemerintahan dan literatur yang relevan. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, salary survey, salary mapping, dan metode dua titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata upah internal masih berada di bawah upah eksternal. Selain itu pada penelitian ini terdapat rekomendasi struktur dan skala upah yang dapat dijadikan acuan guna pengembangan UMKM.
Keyword: Compensation, Two-Point Method, Salary Survey, Wage Structure and Scale

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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