Judul: Dampak Pertumbuhan dan Keterbukaan Ekonomi terhadap Degradasi Lingkungan
Abstrak: Pembangunan ekonomi merupakan upaya untuk meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat. Melalui pertumbuhan ekonomi diharapkan tercipta kehidupan masyarakat yang lebih berkualitas. Namun, pertumbuhan ekonomi bukan tidak memiliki eksternalitas negatif. Eksploitasi sumberdaya alam akan memperngaruhi keseimbangan lingkungan. Emisi yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan ekonomi dapat mencemari lingkungan. Sejumlah penelitian telah menganalisis hubungan antara pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kualitas lingkungan dan berbagai hasil telah diperoleh, termasuk dalam beberapa kasus bukti dari hubungan terbalik-U yang dikenal dengan konsep Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) yang diciptakan oleh Kuznets. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak pertumbuhan dan keterbukaan ekonomi terhadap degradasi lingkungan yang ditinjau melalui gas rumah kaca. Dalam menganalisis dampak tersebut menggunakan pendekatan model Environmental Kuznet Kurve (EKC) yang diciptakan oleh Kuznet. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Word Development Indicator (WDI) dan Emission Database for Global Atmospheric Reasearch (EDGAR). Data sekunder yang diperoleh berupa data GDP per kapita, perdagangan, dan emisi gas rumah kaca (CO2, CH4, dan N2O) yang meliputi data kuantitatif pada rentang waktu antara tahun 1981-2008 dari 20 negara yaitu Amerika, Inggris, Italia, Perancis, Jepang, Malaysia, Afrika Selatan, Argentina, Cina, Brazil, India, Indonesia, Nigeria, Pilipina, Tonga, Uganda, Comoros, Liberia, Malawi dan Zimbabwe. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah panel data dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect dengan pembobotan Cross section SUR. Hasil analisis menunjukan adanya hubungan signifikan membentuk EKC model untuk Emisi CH4, namun untuk kasus emisi CO2 dan N2O, pertumbuhan dan keterbukaan ekonomi pada jangka panjang mengarah pada peningkatan emisi yang dihasilkan berbentuk kurva-U. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang didapat, untuk mengurangi laju emisi gas rumah kaca perlu adanya evaluasi terhadap program Carbon Trade dan kebijakan perdagangan yang telah disepakati antar negara. Penerapan pajak emisi yang lebih agresif dirasa perlu untuk mengawal pertumbuhan ekonomi demi menjaga kualitas lingkungan tidak lupa dengan pemberlakuan sanksi yang tegas untuk setiap pelanggaran.
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Judul: Dampak Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Sektor Pertanian dan Industri terhadap Degradasi Lingkungan (Studi Kasus: Negara Berkembang dan Maju)
Abstrak: This study analyzes the impact of economic growth in industry and agriculture on environmental quality as measured by greenhouse gas emissions in the Developing and Developed Countries. In analyzing the impact of the use of the Environmental Kuznets Curve model approach (EKC) or the shape of the curve obtained. This study uses secondary data, which include annual quantitative data in the period between the years 1980-2008 from developing countries and developed. The analytical method used is panel data approach with weighting Fixed Effect Cross section SUR. In the analysis it was found that a significant relationship to form the Environmental Kuznets Curve models (EKC) between CO2 and CH4 emissions with economic growth in the industrial sector and there is no significant relationship with the model of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) between greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 , N2O and CH4) with economic growth in the agricultural sector and N2O emissions with economic growth in the industrial sector.
Keyword: agriculture, industry, developing and developed countries, greenhouse gas

Judul: Studi sistematika  Oreophryne Boettger, 1895Sulawesi (Anura: Microhylidae)
Abstrak: The cross frogs, genus Oreophryne Boettger, 1895 are most diverse in the mainland of New Guinea and adjacent islands, to the Wallacea region in the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and the Lesser Sunda Islands, even marginally to the Oriental region in Bali and to the southern Philippine Islands. In Sulawesi, this taxon consists of three species but has rarely been reported since their original descriptions and remained unstudied in both taxonomical work and molecular study. This research aims to evaluate the taxonomic status of the cross frogs in Sulawesi based on morphology and estimate the phylogenetic using the 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed under Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses. We used the specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne which were stored at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). A total of about 19 morphological characters were measured by a digital caliper and ocular micrometer to the nearest 0.01 mm. The phylogenetic tree shows that the three nominal species of Oreophryne from Sulawesi are clearly clustered. Correspondingly, the phylogenetic analysis supports the recognition of a new taxon, Oreophryne sp. However, the phylogenetic relationships between Oreophryne within Wallacea remain unresolved. Consequently, further systematic analysis along with additional sequences from the type locality is necessary to clarify the interspecific relationship among this region. We examined the morphology of 50 voucher specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne. The validity of O. celebensis, O. variabilis, and O. zimmeri was confirmed in this study, but still the latter remains to be established. The three nominal species examined here were not collected from the type locality, so additional specimens, either in the type locality, new locations, or in other areas on this island are needed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these species deeply. Moreover, the unnamed species from the highland of the Mekongga mountains differ morphologically and genetically from all previously described Sulawesian Oreophryne. This distinct species will increase the number of cross frogs in Sulawesi to four species, all of which are endemic.
Keyword: frog, morphology, Oreophryne, phylogenetic, Sulawesi, systematics