Judul: Studi Ekspresi Gen Penyandi AGAMOUS dan LEAFY Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Normal dan Abnormal Hasil Kultur Jaringan
Abstrak: Tissue culture of oil palm has been established, but its commercialization has been hampered by reproductive organ abnormality. The development of flowers and fruits is influenced by expression of genes controlling organ identity. The function AGAMOUS (AG) gene is to induce organ identity, whereas the function LEAFY (LFY) gene is to induce AG expression. A research was conducted to study AG and LFY transcript accumulation (expression) in several developmental reproductive organs of normal and abnormal oil palm derived from tissue culture. Total RNA was isolated from flowers and fruits of normal and abnormal oil palm trees derived from tissue culture. Synthesis of first strand cDNA was carried out using total RNA. Amplification of AG and LFY gene fragment were conducted by means of RT-PCR technique using specific primers. The RT-PCR product was isolated, cloned, sequenced and analysed to confirm its homology to the target gene. Accumulation of AG and LFY transcript was analysed by quantitative program of UN-SCAN-IT GelTM connected to gel doc. The results revealed that RT-PCR product of AG is highly homologous with AG gene sequence of oil palm from the GenBank. Reproductive organ of normal and abnormal oil palm accumulated AG, but LFY could not be detected. There was difference of quantity on AG transcript accumulation between normal and abnormal oil palm. The biggest difference was detected between normal and abnormal fruits. AG fragments of normal oil palm has maximum identity of 100% with that of oil palm AG sequence from the GenBank, whereas AG fragments of abnormal oil palm has maximum identity of 99%. Difference in one nucleotide was detected between AG DNA sequence of normal and abnormal oil palm.
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Judul: Abnormality of flowers and fruits in oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) clones based on of morphology, biochemistry and genomic analysis.
Abstrak: Phenomena of abnormal flowers found was around 0-17% among clones of oil palm, that reduce productivity. Previous research showed that abnormality of flower is related to DNA hipomethylation in calli and leaves tissues of the abnormality plant. The changes of DNA methylation correlates with gen expression in the specific tissue. In the case of oil palm abnormalities occur in flower and fruit tissues. The objectives of this research were to characterize the morphology of flower and fruit, to determine the oil content in relation to malonyl-CoA and asetyl-CoA, to study changes of DNA methylation status and genomic DNA changes related with flower and fruit abnormality. Eighty plants used in this research consisted of three clones, i.e MK152, MK 176, and MK 209. These were obtained from the collection of ”Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) Ciampea”. Characterization of plant morphology was conducted visually, whereas the oil content of mesocarp was analyzed by extracting the oil with soxhlet system, determination of the malonylCoA and acetyl-CoA content by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromathography), the quantification of cytosine methylation by performance RP-HPLC, and detection of alteration of the DNA genome was analysed by RAPD technique (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). The results showed that abnormalities of female and male flowers as well as fruits were found in tissue culture-derived plants. The rudimentary stamen in the female flower, and stamen of the male flowers were transformed into carpel-like structure. Fruit abnormality was catagorized into five classes, i.e normal, light abnormal (AbR), heavy abnormal (AbB) and two types of severe abnormal, AbSB1 and AbSB2. The content of palm oil in immmature fruit from the three type of fruits (normal, AbR and AbB) were similar. The normal fruit contained around 74.66 -77.26%, AbR 77.47-80.85%, and AbB 73.89-78.62%. The high palm oil content in the normal (MK 152), AbR (MK 209), and AbB (MK 176) were related to higher malonyl-CoA (0.069 0.085, dan 0.068 mg/ml respectively) than the acetyl-CoA (0.036, 0.021 dan 0.023 mg/ml respectively). On the contrary in the severe abnormal fruits, the acetyl-CoA was higher (0.066-0.087 mg/ml) and the malonyl-CoA lower (0.022-0.037 mg/ml). Compared to the normal plant, hypomethylation in leaves tissue was 1.31-4.01% and hypermethylation was 0.69-2.66% in flowers tissue of the abnormal plants. However, changes of DNA methylation status was not found in fruits tissue. Changes of the sequence of DNA genome in the plants within the same clone were detected using five random primers, i.e.OPC-08,OPD-15, W-15, OPC-09 and SC10-19. A band DNA of the normal plant was detected by OPC-08. Changes of the methylation status in leaf and flower tissues was not directly related to the abnormality of the oil palm flowers. The difference of DNA bands were found among plants of the MK 152.
Keyword: oil mesocarp, malonyl-CoA, methylation cytosine, DNA sequence, West Java

Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik