Judul: The Use of Vertical Bait to the Catch of The Lift Net in Palabuhanratu Bay
Abstrak: Penggunaan umpan secara vertikal dilakukan karena adanya dugaan sifat ikan yang menyukai besaran iluminasi cahaya tertentu sehingga ikan tersebar pada kedalaman yang berbeda. Umpan vertikal berfungsi untuk memikat dan mengumpulkan ikan pada area penangkapan bagan apung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan komposisi hasil tangkapan bagan apung perlakuan dan kontrol, menentukan pengaruh penggunaan umpan vertikal terhadap jumlah total hasil tangkapan dan frekuensi hauling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode experimental fishing dengan analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total hasil tangkapan bagan apung memperoleh 19 jenis ikan dengan 5 jenis ikan dominan yaitu ikan tembang (Sardinella gibbosa), lisong (Euthynnus affinis), pepetek (Leiognathus equulus), semar (Mene maculate), dan cumi-cumi (Loligo sp). Penggunaan umpan vertikal berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan bagan apung dan frekuensi hauling bagan apung perlakuan berjumlah 82 kali, frekuensi tersebut lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan bagan apung kontrol yang hanya berjumlah 50 kali., The initial indication of using vertical baits is that some fish are attracted by a certain amount of luminance so that the fish are depth-stratified. Vertical baits can help luring a large amount of fish at the nearby fishing ground. The purpose of this study is to compare results between the catch of the controlled variable (commercial floating liftnets) and liftnet with vertical baits, to determine the impacts of using vertical baits to the total catch and hauling frequency of the liftnet. The method used to conduct this study is experimental fishing with descriptive and statistics data analysis. Results showed that the catch could make as 19 species caught, with 5 most dominant species. Those are; goldstripe gardinella (Sardinella gibbosa), mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), common ponyfish (Leiognathus equllus), moonfish (Mene maculata), and squids (Loligo sp). The results concluded that by using vertical baits had indeed a significant impact to the total catch and the hauling frequency with the number of 82. It was indeed improved plenty more than the controlled variable which is only 50 times.
Keyword: Attractor, bait, hauling, lift net, vertical

Judul: Penggunaan Kombinasi Atraktor Rumpon dan Umpan Vertikal terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Bagan Apung di Palabuhanratu
Abstrak: Penelitian penggunaan kombinasi atraktor rumpon dan umpan vertikal berbahan ikan rucah dan larutan cumi-cumi untuk memperkuat fungsi cahaya lampu dalam memikat dan mengumpulkan ikan agar lebih efektif. Tujuan penelitian untuk membandingkan komposisi hasil tangkapan bagan apung perlakuan dan kontrol, menentukan pengaruh penggunaan atraktor rumpon dan umpan vertikal terhadap jumlah total hasil tangkapan, menentukan frekuensi hauling, dan menentukan produktivitas bagan apung perlakuan dan kontrol. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental fishing dengan mengikuti operasi penangkapan selama 20 trip. Hasil tangkapan pada bagan apung perlakuan sebesar 964,2 kg dan bagan apung kontrol sebesar 445,4 kg dengan rata-rata berat total hasil tangkapan pada bagan apung perlakuan yaitu 48,2±13,2 sedangkan kontrol yaitu 22,2±3,1. Hasil tangkapan dominan pada penelitian ini adalah semar (Mene maculata), tembang (Sardinella gibbosa), pepetek (Leiognathus equulus), teri (Stelephorus sp.), dan cumi (Loligo sp.). Penggunaan atraktor rumpon dan umpan vertikal berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan bagan apung dan frekuensi hauling bagan apung perlakuan berjumlah 110 kali, sedangkan pada bagan apung kontrol yang hanya berjumlah 76 kali. Penggunaan umpan membantu kenaikan persentase produksi tangkapan bagan apung perlakuan meningkat sebesar 116,5% jika dibandingkan dengan bagan apung kontrol. Produktivitas bagan apung perlakuan sebesar 48 kg/trip dan 8,3 kg/haul, sedangkan kontrol yaitu 22,3 kg/trip dan 5,0 kg/haul., The study used a combination of FADs attractors and vertical baits made from trash fish and squid solution to strengthen the function of light in attracting and gathering fish to make it more effective. This study aimed to compare the composition of the catch controlled variable (commercial floating lift nets) and lift net with vertical baits, determine the effect of using FADs and vertical baits attractors on the total catch, determine to haul frequency of the lift net, and determine the productivity of treatment and control lift net. The research used experimental fishing methods by following fishing operations for 20 trips. The catch on the treated lift net was 964,2 kg, and the control lift net was 445,4 kg, with the average total weight of the catch on the treated lift net being 48,2±13,2 while the control was 22,2±3,1. The dominant catches in this study were moonfish (Mene maculata), gold stripe sardinella (Sardinella gibbosa), ponyfish (Leiognathus equulus), anchovy (Stolepthorus sp.), and squid (Loligo sp.). Using FADs and vertical bait attractors significantly affected the total catch and hauling frequency with 110, while in the controlled variable, which is only 76 times. The use of bait helped increase the percentage of production of the treated lift net by 116,5% compared to the control lift net. The productivity of the treated lift net was 48 kg/trip and 8.3 kg/haul, while the control was 22.3 kg/trip and 5.0 kg/haul.
Keyword: Lift net, attractor, trash fish, total catch, hauling

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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