Judul: Nunukan Chicken In Tarakan Island As Germplasm Of Kalimantan Timur Province
Abstrak: Nunukan chicken is local chicken which has the potential to be developed. Some advantages nunukan chicken is specific coat color, hair growth is slow so it fits in the hot area, and more efficient in the metabolism of proteins containing sulfur (cystine and methionine), and nunukan chicken was superior on body weight gain and production eggs then general local chicken. Studies on the characteristics of nunukan chicken will provide additional information as a reference to conserve, utilization, and development of nunukan chicken, therefore the purpose of this study was to characterize the nunukan chicken in Tarakan Island on phenotypic characteristics of qualitative and quantitative trait as the basis for development and advancement. Methods of observation and data collection was done directly. Qualitative trait of the observations made on nine traits, namely: shape comb, beak color, ear color, shank color, skin color, hair color, hair pattern, flicker feathers and feather patterns. Quantitative trait measurements used digital calipers, ruler, measuring tape, digital scales, and a rope, which was at 20 traits, consisting of: beak length, beak wide, thick beak, head length, head width, comb height, comb width, thickness comb, body weight, body length, chest circumference, long backs, long wings, long neck, wide pelvis, femur length, tibia length, length of shank (metatarsus), shank circumference, and length of the third finger, and egg characteristics: egg weight, egg length, egg width, yolk weight, weight of egg white, egg yolk percentage, percentage of egg white, egg shell color, and shell weights. Farmer characteristics observed by filling the questionnaire and interview with the farmers. Characteristics of qualitative traits of nunukan chicken was analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. Gene frequency was calculated based on Hardy-Weinberg law. Quantitative trait characteristics between the samples of nunukan chicken was tested using t-student test to determine any differences between locations. T-student test performed using Minitab software version 14.0. Hotteling T2 test done to know the difference between chicken populations among study sites, and followed by principal component analysis (AKU). The analysis of the AKU, the trait of body weight were not included in the analysis process. Analyses were performed using Minitab software version 14.0. Farmer characteristics were analyzed by descriptive statistical methods. The characteristics of qualitative properties of nunukan chicken relatively similar for all sampling sites, namely single comb, beak and shank color yellow, reddish-brown fur with columbian pattern. Alleged genotype based on phenotype livestock was pp ZIdZ- ZIdW ii ee ZsZs ZsW ZbZb ZbW, and white eggshell color (prpr). The characteristics of quantitative traits on males nunukan chickens, there were 13 properties that are significantly different between sites (beak width, thick beak, head width, comb wide, thickness comb, body weight, body length, back length, wing length, neck length, femur length, shank circumference, and the third finger length), whereas in females nunukan chicken there are only two real different properties, that was beak width and shank length, indicating that on the quantitative trait, the male nunukan chicken is more varied than in the female. The characteristics of egg significantly different on eggshell thickness, while the other parameters there was not difference between sites. Characteristics
Keyword: genetic and phenotypic characteristic, nunukan chicken, Tarakan Island

Judul: Phenotype and Genotype  of Red Jungle Fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) and  Kampung Chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Watutela and Ngatabaru Central Sulawesi.
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan informasi karakteristik fenotipe dan genotipe ayam hutan merah (Gallus gallus gallus) dan ayam kampung (Gallus gallus domesticus) di Watutela dan Ngatabaru Sulawesi Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan, mulai bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2006. Jumlah ayam yang diamati pada pengamatan sifat kuantitatif dan kualitatif sebanyak 54 ekor ayam hutan merah dan 119 ekor ayam kampung. Dua ekor ayam hutan merah digunakan untuk analisis crop. Peubah yang diamati adalah sifat kuantitatif meliputi bobot badan dan ukuran-ukuran tubuh dan sifat kualitatif meliputi warna bulu, corak bulu, kerlip bulu, warna shank, dan bentuk jengger. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ayam hutan merah jantan, ayam kampung jantan dan betina memiliki keragaman tinggi (>10%) pada bobot badan, sedangkan ayam hutan merah betina pada panjang paha. Analisis Komponen Utama menunjukkan bahwa penciri ukuran tubuh dan bentuk tubuh ayam hutan merah jantan dan ayam kampung jantan adalah panjang total dan panjang bulu ekor. Ayam hutan merah dan ayam kampung betina penciri ukuran tubuh adalah panjang total dan panjang bulu ekor. Penciri bentuk tubuh ayam hutan betina adalah panjang sayap dan panjang paha. sedangkan ayam kampung betina adalah panjang bulu ekor dan panjang sayap. Fenotipe dan genotipe sifat-sifat kualitatif ayam hutan merah di dua lokasi penelitian relatif seragam. Nilai heterozigositas ayam kampung 0,447 di Watutela dan 0,358 di Ngatabaru. Jarak genetik antar ayam hutan merah dan ayam kampung di dua lokasi 0,15. Berdasarkan analisis crop pada dua ekor ayam hutan merah ditemukan biji-bijian dari jenis tanaman ketumbar hutan (Lantana camara L.) dan kayu kuning (Maclura amboinensis L.), serta pucuk-pucuk rumput dan insekta., The research was aimed to search informations concerning phenotypes and genotypes characteristics of red jungle fowl (Gallus gallus gallus) and kampung chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus) in Watutela and Ngatabaru, Central Sulawesi. The research was carried out from March till June 2006. There were 54 red jungle fowls and 119 kampung chickens observed for quantitative and qualitative characteristics. Two red jungle fowls were used for crop analysis. The quantitative characteristics observation were body weight and body measurements. The qualitative characteristics were observed for feather colors, color patterns, feather brightness, shank colors and comb shapes. The results showed significant variation (>10%) on body weight of male Red jungle fowls, male and female of kampung chickens, whereas on female red jungle fowls, significant variation was only observed on leg lengths. The principal component analysis showed the body size and body shape characteristics of male red jungle fowls and kampung chickens were tail and body lengths. Whereas, the body size characteristics of both females were tail and body lengths. In addition, the characteristics of female shapes of red jungle fowls were wing and leg lengths, but the characteristics of female shapes of kampung chicken were tail and wings lengths. The phenotypes and genotypes characteristics of Red jungle fowls were relatively homogenous. The heterozigosity values of kampung chickens were 0,447 in Watutela and 0,358 in Ngatabaru. The genetic distance between Red jungle fowls and kampung chickens in both locations was 0,15. From crop analysis of the two red jungle fowls, seeds of Lantana camara L and Maclura amboinensis L, grass and insects were
Keyword: Phenotype, Genotype, Red jungle fowl

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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