Judul: Responses on Performance and Minerals Digestibility by Novel Consensus Bacterial 6-Phytase  Variant (PHY-G) Supplementation in Broiler Diet
Abstrak: Plant feedstuffs normally contain phytic acid which poorly hydrolized by monogastric especially broiler. Further, 80% of phosphorus (P) in plant feedstuff is complexed with phytic acid. In that case, high amount of inorganic P sources is needed to fulfill P requirement. Since it has capability to bind with some nutrients such as bi- or trivalent minerals and amino acids then phytase is widely utilized in poultry feed to improve the nutrient digestibility. Today, the use of 500-1000 FTU phytases in poultry feed is widely applied by feed industry and its capability releasing phytate-bound phosphorus is very well documented. Novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PHY-G) is newest 6-phytase derived from bacterial phytase gene Buttiauxella sp. expressed in Trichoderma reesei with enhanced functionality for better phytic acids degradation. The present research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PHY-G in different doses (1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU/kg) on high phytic acids content diets which at least contained 0.30% Phytate-P. A total 3,675 male broilers Indian River/IR (105 pens, 35 birds/pen) were provided mixed grain diets in seven treatments with fifteen replications, they were divided into two phases of rearing which were starter (1 – 21 d) and finisher (22 – 35 d). Treatments were positive control (PC) using standard diet following IR’s nutrient requirement, negative control 1 (NC1) with nutrient reduction at 0.21 percent unit calcium (Ca), 0.21 percent units available phosphorus (AvP), 0.34 percent unit crude protein (CP) and 66 kcal/kg AME, NC2 with nutrient reduction at 0.23 percent unit Ca & AvP, 0.45 percent unit CP and 75 kcal/kg AME, followed by NC3 with nutrient reduction at 0.24 percent unit Ca & AvP, 0.52 percent unit CP and 79 kcal/kg AME. PHY-G supplementation with dose 1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU/kg on top of NC1, NC2 and NC3 respectively. PHY-G supplementation at any level significantly improved body weight gain/BWG and corrected FCR/McFCR (P<0.05) on starter (1,083 – 1,093 g/bird) and overall phase (2,482 – 2,532 g/bird) compared to any NCs (1,063-1,084 g/bird on starter and 2,387 – 2,398 g/bird on finisher). No significant different were observed on mortality of all treatments but PHY-G supplementation significantly improved (P<0.05) broiler index/BI (444 - 463) versus NCs (427 - 430) and able to maintain it equivalent to PC (455). Toe ash was significantly improved (P<0.05) by all doses of PHY-G (13.28 – 13.56%) compared to NC (12.3 – 12.7%). Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca was not affected by PHY-G but 1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU/kg PHY-G supplementation significantly improvemed on AID of P (P<0.05) which were 64.97%, 75.60% and 78.29% compared to NCs (42.64%, 48.88% and 46.17% for NC1, NC2 and NC3 respectively). This These data indicated that PHYG supplementation effectively improved broiler growth performance, bone mineralization and P digestibility at any level of dose on high content of phytic acid in the diets.
Keyword: broiler, growth performance, phytase, phytic acid, toe ash

Judul: The Effectivity of Phytase Enzyme on Broiler Performance (Non-Eksperimenatl Study)
Abstrak: Enzim fitase adalah enzim yang dapat membantu melepaskan fosfor yang terikat dengan asam fitat dalam bahan pakan terutama biji bijian. Asam fitat adalah bentuk penyimpanan fosfor yang banyak terdapat di biji-bijian seperti gandum, kacang kedelai, bekatul, jagung, dan wheat pollard. Kandungan fosfor yang terikat dengan asam fitat di dalam biji-bijian berkisar antara 50% - 80%, sehingga untuk dicerna oleh unggas dibutuhkan enzim fitase agar fosfor dapat dimanfaatkan dengan baik. Parameter yang sering diamati dalam melihat efek pemberian fitase pada ransum ayam broiler adalah performa produksi (Konsumsi pakan, Pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), Konversi pakan/ feed convertion ratio (FCR), mortalitas) dan kandungan P tercerna. Efek pemberian enzim fitase dalam beberapa penelitian memiliki dampak yang berbeda-beda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penambahan enzim fitase dalam ransum broiler , dengan mengintegrasikan data-data yang diperoleh berupa data sekunder dari berbagai jurnal yang akan dianalisis menggunakan model matematik analisis regresi. Sebanyak 20 studi yang diambil dari tahun 2015-2021 diperoleh 60 perlakuan dimana data tersebut ditabulasikan pada Microsoft excel 2016 untuk selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan software IBM SPSS Statistics 26 untuk mengetahui statistika deskriptif dan parameter estimasi dari analisis regresi linier/non linier sederhana setiap parameter. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian enzim fitase dengan level yang berbeda 500, 750, 1000, 1500, dan 2000 FTU/kg tidak memiliki pengaruh nyata (P>0.05) terhadap performa pertumbuhan broiler namun memiliki pengaruh yang sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap kandungan P tercerna (apparent phosphorus digestibility), dimana dengan penambahan fitase mampu meningkatkan kandungan P yang dapat dicerna sebesar 1.2%.
Keyword: Phytase enzyme, Phitat, broiler, regression, broiler performance

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.