Judul: Tingkat Partisipasi Nelayan dalam Program Daerah Perlindungan Laut di Desa Bahoi, Minahasa Utara
Abstrak: Marine protection area (MPA) program head for to protect marine resources and increase fish production. The program is involve the active participation of the community at every stage. The purpose of this study are: (1) describes the DPL activity arrangement program, the knowledge of fishermen, and the fishermen's socio-economic status, (2) analyze the relationship between DPL activity arrangement program, fishermen knowledge, and socio-economic status of fishermen by fishermen participation in the DPL program, (3) describes the efforts that can be implemented to increase participation in the DPL program. This study was conducted using quantitative and qualitative. The results of this study indicate the participation of the fishermen in the stages of the determination of DPL is classified low because fishermen rarely participate in various activities. The participation in the observance of fisherman’s rules stage dpl is classified high. All fishermen do not violate the rules. The participation of fisherman in the monitoring stages is classified moderate. Most of fishermen took part on monitor the DPL areas such as attention fishermen or people who are around DPL as well as reprimand and report in case of violation.
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Judul: Analisis dampak penetapan kawasan konservasi laut daerah kondisi sosial ekonomi nelayan (kasus daerah perlindungan laut kampung Saporkren, Distrik Waigeo Selatan, kabupaten Raja Ampat, Papua Barat)
Abstrak: Damage to coastal and marine resources in Indonesia leads to a conservation effort for ecosystem sustainability. Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are established with the aim to protect marine ecosystems within and ensure the welfare of fishers living around the area. When MPAs are formed it will have an impact on limiting the rights of fishers and fishers fishing area changes, and also affect on the catch of fishers and their income. The goals of this research are to, (1) analyze the impact of MPA establishment against bundles of fishers’s rights, (2) analyze the impact of MPA establishment towards the income level of fishers. Results show that, (1) the establishment of MPA causes a change in the second type rights of fishers which is utilization type, while the access rights, management rights, and exclusion rights are retained by the fishers, (2) The establishment of marine protected areas give a positive effect on the income of fishers . Most of the fishers stated that the catch and their income increased since the establishment of MPA, caused by major increase of the fish quantity, which allowed fishers catches fish more easily.
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik