Judul: Model fungsi produksi unit penangkapan bubu keong macan, Babylonia spirata L. di Karang Serang, Tangerang, Propinsi Banten
Abstrak: Karang Serang merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Sukadiri, Kabupaten Tangerang. Salah satu hasil tangkapan utama para nelayan dalam beberapa tahun terakhir di lokasi ini adalah keong macan. Keong macan merupakan gastropoda yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi. Dalam upaya mengoptimumkan usaha penangkapan bubu keong macan di Karang Serang, perlu mengetahui hubungan faktor-faktor produksi alat tangkap ini terhadap produksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasikan faktor-faktor produksi yang berperan dan hubungannya terhadap produksi pada unit penangkapan bubu keong macan di Karang Serang, membuat model fungsi produksi unit penangkapan bubu keong macan di Karang Serang, mengidentifikasi keragaan analisis usaha pada unit penangkapan bubu keong macan di Karang Serang.
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Judul: Perbandingan Hasil Tangkapan Keong Macan antara Bubu Karang Serang dengan Bubu Palabuhanratu
Abstrak: Keong macan ditangkap menggunakan bubu dan banyak ditemui di Perairan Karang Serang dan Palabuhanratu. Namun konstruksi bubu keong macan di kedua lokasi tersebut berbeda. Bubu keong macan yang terbuat dari anyaman bambu digunakan di Karang Serang, sedangkan di Palabuhanratu digunakan jaring jodang yang terbuat dari waring dengan rangka besi masif Dalam penelitian ini, kedua macam konstruksi bubu keong macan dioperasikan bersamaan di Perairan Karang Serang untuk membandingkan hasil tangkapan keong macan. Uji coba penangkapan keong macan dilakukan dengan 10 ulangan, sedangkan bubu keong macan Karang Serang dan Palabuhanratu sebagai perlakuannya. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Jumlah total, bobot total dan panjang rata-rata keong macan pada bubu Karang Serang sebesar 64 ekor, 1.255 gram dan 3,21 cm. Jumlah total, bobot total dan pa njang rata-rata keong macan pada bubu Palabuhanratu sebesar 97 ekor, 1.655 gram dan 3,16 cm. Basil analisis ragam untuk jumlah menunjukkan Fhitung 0,8747 lebih besar dari FtabeI 4,4139; untuk bobot individu rata-rata menunjukkan Fhitung 0,0002 lebih besar dari FtabeI 4,4139 dan untuk panjang rata-rata menunjukkan Fhitung 0,0034 lebih besar dari FtabeI 4,4139. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan kedua macam bubu tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan keong macan. Oleh karena itu bubu Karang Serang dan bubu Palabuhanratu dapat dioperasikan di Karang Serang.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm