Judul: Daemonorops fissa Complex in West Malesia
Abstrak: Daemonorops fissa complex is highly varied in West Malesia, but information about this complex is limited. The objective of the research was to reveal species diversity of Daemonorops fissa complex in West Malesia based on morphological and anatomical characters. Evaluation of morphological characters was conducted in Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) Cibinong Science Centre LIPI, Bogor (West Java). A total of 355 herbarium specimens were observed in this study representing all species of Daemonorops fissa complex. This study explored Daemonorops fissa complex, including the following: 1) species diversity, (2) distribution, (3) morphological variation, (4) anatomical variation and (5) phenetic relationships. Data obtained then was analized descriptively and phenetically. Species of Daemonorops fissa complex in West Malesia share some unique characters such as erect peduncle (to ± 2 cm), alternate leaves, length of involucrum 1 cm, globose fruits, and ruminate endosperm. This complex species consists of eight species namely, D. angustifolia, D. calicarpa, D. fissa, D. grandis, D. lewisiana, D. melanochaetes, D. monticola, D. stenophylla. Daemonorops binnendijkii, D.palembanica and D. trichroa proposed as new synonymies. Daemonorops binnendijkii and D. trichroa are new synonyms to D. angustifolia, and D. palembanica is a new synonym to D. melanochaetes. All species found in lowland rain forest, especially along stream and other wet places or more open areas, swampy area, ridgetop hill Dipterocarp forest, bamboo forest, and river side on altitude from 250 m – 1900 m asl. Morphological variation of Daemonorops fissa complex in West Malesia could be differentiated into 20 morphological characters. Cluster analysis separated all species into two main groups with coefficient similarity of 36%. Group I consisted of D. angustifolia, D. fissa, D. grandis, D. melanochaetes, D. monticola and D. stenophylla, while group II consisted of D. calicarpa and D. lewisiana. They were separated from five characters, total height, number of leaflets, width of leaflets, type of inflorescence and type of spine in leafsheath. Leaf anatomical characters of paradermal section could not be used to separate among species within D. fissa complex, but leaf anatomical characters of transverse section could be used to identify among species. All examined species of D. fissa complex have three similar characters, tetracytyc stomata, cryptopor type with sunken position and cell wall of sinous, but they have different pattern of bulliform cell and palisade tissues. Both characters are considered as two valuable new characters for supporting morphological data for species delimitation.
Keyword: anatomy, Daemonorops fissa complex, morphology, West Malesia

Judul: Biosystematic Study Of The Fern Genus Diplazium In West Malesia
Abstrak: Diplazium is a large genus consisting of about 400 species occur mainly in the tropics, sparingly in the subtropic and only locally extending into temperate. It was estimated that 300 species of the records were occurred in Malesia. Taxonomically, Diplazium is very difficult and quite insufficiently known. Therefore a comprehensive study on Diplazium in West Malesia was conducted by using morphological, ecological, geographic distribution, anatomical, palinological, cytological, as well as DNA analysis to understand the diversity and relationship among species. Based on gross morphological study on 1051 collection number of specimens as well as living collections, it was concluded that West Malesian Diplazium comprises of 69 species with 14 varieties. Thirteen species of them are proposed and described as new species, namely Diplazium asymmetricum, D. batuayauense, D. crameri, D. densisquamatum, D. halimunense, D. loerzingii, D. megasegmentum, D. megasimplicifolium, D. meijeri, D. parallelivenium, D. profluens, D. subalternisegmentum, and D. subvirescens. Two new varieties are poposed, namely D. accedens var. spinosum and D. silvaticum var. pinnae-ellipticum. D. pallidum var. montanum and D. accedens var. ridleyi are proposed as new status.
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Judul: Penetapan Harga Jaminan Polis Asuransi Jiwa dengan Premi  Tahunan dan Opsi Surrender
Abstrak: Asuransi jiwa memberikan perlindungan pada tertanggung (pemegang polis) jika mengalami risiko finansial, dengan suatu perjanjian tertanggung harus membayar premi. Premi yang sudah terkumpul pada perusahaan asuransi dapat diinvestasikan, yang salah satu tempatnya adalah di pasar bursa. Perusahaan asuransi menawarkan suatu kontrak kepada pemegang polis yang disebut dengan kontrak partisipasi. Pada kontrak partisipasi risiko finansial dan keuntungan dibagi dengan pemegang polis dan biasanya keuntungan tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam cadangan polis pada tiap akhir tahun kontrak. Hal ini berarti secara tidak langsung perusahaan asuransi menyatakan penambahan pertanggungan, sehingga mengakibatkan perubahan benefit yang diterima oleh pemegang polis. Pada kontrak partisipasi ini, pemegang polis diberikan hak untuk mengakhiri kontrak (opsi surrender). Pada kontrak partisipasi asuransi jiwa endowmen terdapat opsi bonus (bonus option) yang penghitungan besar preminya dengan pendekatan tipe Eropa dan opsi surrender (surrender option) dengan tipe Amerika.
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