Judul: Analisis debit dan pola penyebaran aliran air (Seepage) serta pengaruhnya terhadap stabilitas pada model tanggul dengan bahan tanah latosol Darmaga, Bogor
Abstrak: The objective of the research is to analyze embankment characteristics by using embankment model, to analyze seepage discharge, flow pattenr and phreatic line and it's effect to embankment stability
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Judul: Analisis debit rembesan dan aliran air pada model tanggul dengan tanah latosol Darmaga, Bogor
Abstrak: Dalam usaha konservasi tanah dan air, dikenal beberapa cara yang perlu dilakukan diantaranya adalah pembuatan teras tanggul, bendungan, bendungan pengendali (check dam) dan waduk. Tanggul adalah bendungan urugan homogen, karena bahan yang membentuk tubuh tanggul terdiri dari tanah yang hampir sejenis dan gradasinya (susunan ukuran butiran tanah) hampir seragam. Tanggul dibangun untuk menahan aliran air dan menyangga permukaan air sehingga air yang masuk ke saluran dapat dikendalikan. Rembesan yang terjadi pada tanggul akan membentuk suatu pola aliran air di dalam tubuh tanggul. Dengan adanya aliran air atau garis rembesan pada tubuh tanggul tersebut, akan menyebabkan naiknya tekanan air pori sehingga mengakibatkan menurunnya kekuatan geser tanah dan mengakibatkan butir-butir kecil dari tanah akan terbawa air dan terjadilah erosi yang makin lama makin besar dan biasanya terjadi dalam waktu yang sangat cepat (gejala "piping"). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membuat perencanaan dalam pembuatan tanggul dengan menggunakan model, mengetahui garis rembesan (phreatic) dan aliran air pada tubuh model tanggul serta menganalisis jumlah debit rembesan terhadap bahaya piping dalam tubuh model tanggul dengan menggunakan bahan tanah Latosol Darmaga, Bogor. Model tanggul dibuat berdasarkan dimensi tanggul yang direncanakan. Tinggi muka air direncanakan sebesar 1.50 m, lebar atas (w) tanggul sebesar 1.50 m. tinggi jagaan (freeboard) tanggul direncanakan sebesar 0.6 m serta kemiringan talud 1:3 untuk di hulu maupun di hilir tanggul. Selanjutnya untuk dimensi model tanggul secara keseluruhan menggunakan perbandingan skala 1:12 dari ukuran dimensi tanggul yang sebenarnya. Model tanggul dibuat dalam sebuah kotak model dengan menggunakan bahan acrylic yang dilengkapi dengan inlet, spillway sebagai kontrol ketinggian air,
Keyword: Tanah, Air

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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