Judul: Global Mangrove Ecosystem Carbon Stock: A Systematic Literature Review
Abstrak: Ekosistem mangrove menyediakan berbagai jasa lingkungan khususnya untuk masyarakat sekitar pesisir. Penyimpanan karbon yang disediakan oleh mangrove atau yang dikenal dengan istilah “karbon biru”, dalam skala global menjadi salah satu jasa lingkungan terpenting, terutama dalam kontribusinya terhadap mitigasi perubahan iklim. Sayangnya, ekosistem mangrove kini menghadapi berbagai ancaman seperti perubahan penggunaan dan tutupan lahan, kenaikan muka air laut, deforestasi dan degradasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) melakukan review dan sintesis skala global besaran stok karbon di ekosistem mangrove dan (2) untuk mengevaluasi metode yang digunakan dalam penilaian stok karbon di ekosistem mangrove. Studi ini secara sistematis meninjau literatur dengan menyaring judul, abstrak, dan teks lengkap. Dengan menggunakan Web of Science, 153 literatur terpilih dari 3.999 literatur yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2010-2021. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai rataan stok karbon mangrove global pada penelitian ini adalah 629±448 Mg C/ha. Nilai ini lebih rendah 27% daripada hasil studi sebelumnya, yaitu sebesar 856 Mg C/ha, namun nilai ini 23% lebih besar dari estimasi IPCC. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan rata-rata global stok karbon mangrove di atas permukaan tanah adalah 91±75Mg C/ha dan stok karbon di bawah permukaan adalah 37±52Mg C/ha. Tanah menyimpan sebagian besar (63%) dari total stok karbon ekosistem sebesar 393±324 Mg C/ha. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan sebanyak 41% dari total literatur yang terpilih mengacu pada metode yang umum digunakandan 59% paper menggunakan metode lainnya seperti destruktif atau kombinasi berbagai ketentuan pengukuran., Mangrove ecosystems provide a wide range of environmental services specially to coastal communities. Carbon storage service provided by mangroves or known as "blue carbon", globally becomes one of the most important environmental services, especially in climate change mitigation. Unfortunately, mangrove ecosystems are facing various threats, such as land use and land cover changes, sea level rise, deforestation and degradation. The objectives of this study are (1) to review and conduct a global scale synthesis of carbon stocks in mangrove ecosystems and (2) to evaluate methods used to assess carbon stocks. This study systematically reviewed the literature by screening titles, abstracts and full-texts. By employing the Web of Science, 153 articles were selected from 3.999 literature published between 2010-2021. The results show that the global average of mangrove carbon stocks was 629±448 Mg C/ha. This value is 27% lower than the previous study of 856 Mg C/ha, but this value is 23% greater than the IPCC estimate. It is also shown that the global average carbon stocks aboveground are 91±75 Mg C/ha and belowground are 37±52 Mg C/ha. Soil stores most (63%) of the total ecosystem carbon stocks of 393±324 Mg C/ha. It is also shown that as much as 41% of the selected literatures refer to commonly used method and 59% of papers used several other methods such as destructive methods or a combination of methods.
Keyword: blue carbon, climate change mitigation, coastal wetland, environmental service, forest biomass

Judul: Cadangan Karbon Biomassa di Atas dan di Bawah Permukaan Tanah Mangrove serta Persebaran Spesies Global: Tinjauan Pustaka Sistematis
Abstrak: Mangrove merupakan ekosistem yang mampu menjadi pelindung wilayah pesisir untuk menahan abrasi serta secara ekologis dapat menyerap serta menyimpan karbon dalam ekosistem ini, termasuk pada biomassa di atas dan di bawah permukaan tanah. Fungsi penyerapan dan penyimpanan karbon oleh mangrove berpotensi sebagai solusi untuk mitigasi perubahan iklim berbasis alam. Namun, hutan mangrove mengalami degradasi yang diakibatkan oleh beberapa aktivitas seperti urbanisasi, pembangunan pesisir, akuakultur (tambak) dan proyek reklamasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan tinjauan dan sintesis skala global mengenai cadangan karbon biomassa di atas dan di bawah permukaan tanah, serta menginventarisasi persebaran spesies mangrove. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode tinjauan pustaka sistematis, yaitu meninjau pustaka secara sistematis melalui penyaringan judul, abstrak, dan teks lengkap. Sebanyak 191 pustaka terjaring dari 6.864 pustaka yang sebelumnya diunduh dari laman Scopus dan Web of Science. Rata-rata cadangan karbon biomassa di atas pemukaan tanah secara global adalah 63,48 Mg C/ha, dengan wilayah Fiji sebagai wilayah yang memiliki nilai tertinggi (131,93 Mg C/ha). Rata-rata cadangan karbon biomassa di bawah permukaan tanah secara global senilai 31,71 Mg C/ha, dimana Colombia memiliki nilai tertinggi (117,30 Mg C/ha). Spesies mangrove secara global didominasi oleh Rhizophora spp., dengan keragaman spesies yang lebih bervariasi berada di wilayah Asia., Mangroves are ecosystem that can protect coastal areas from erosion and can ecologically absorb and store carbon in the ecosystem, including in the above-and below-ground biomass. The role of mangroves in carbon absorption and storage presents a potential natural-based solution to climate change mitigation. However, mangrove forests are facing degradation due to several activities, including urbanization, coastal development, aquaculture and reclamation projects. This research aims to review global carbon stocks especially in above-and below-ground biomass and inventory the distribution of mangrove species. The method employed in this study is a systematic literature review, involving the systematic screening of titles, abstracts, and full texts. A total of 191 pieces of literature were collected from the 6,863 pieces of literature retrieved from the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The average value of above-ground biomass carbon stocks globally is 63.48 Mg C/ha, with Fiji having the highest value (131.93 Mg C/ha). The average value of below-ground biomass carbon stocks globally is 31.71 Mg C/ha, with Colombia, recording the highest value (117.30 Mg C/ha). Globally, mangrove species are predominantly dominated by Rhizophora spp., with a more diverse species distribution observed in the Asian region.
Keyword: blue carbon, climate change, coastal, mitigation, wetlands

Judul: Studi Kasus Liver Neoplasia pada Anjing Shih Tzu
Abstrak: Liver neoplasia is the excessive and uncontrolled replication of hepatocytes that forms nodules visible in ultrasonography. The purpose of this study is to study and discuss the characteristic, diagnosis and treatment of liver neoplasm through the interpretation of ultrasonography and hematology in a Shih Tzu dog. Ultrasonography is conducted with a Chison Q8 ultrasound machine with a 5 to 7 MHz frequency convex probe on lateral recumbency. The blood cells, liver enzymes and nodules sizes were the main parameters in this study. The results in the period of three years from 2021 to 2023 were interpreted and supported with secondary data sources. The Shih Tzu dog is 14 years old in the year 2023 with a body weight of 5.21kg. No obvious clinical signs were observed during previous examinations. However, lethargy, vomiting and anorexia were recorded in its latest examination. Thrombocytosis, granulocytosis, high liver enzymes and hypoglycemia, which are some of the neoplastic clinical manifestations were also presented by this patient. Besides, liver neoplasm, spleen neoplasm and biliary sludge were the sonogram findings of this patient. The liver and spleen neoplasm was observed stable, while the biliary sludge volume fluctuated. The treatment strategy recorded is Ondansetron, Samylin®, Ornipural and Ursodeoxycholic acid.
Keyword: Blood biochemistry profile, Hematology, Liver Neoplasia, Shih Tzu, Ultrasonography