Judul: Peranan cacing tanah Eisenia foetida dan Lumbricus terrestris dalam proses biodegradasi kotoran sapi perah
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas kasting hasil degradasi kotoran sapi perah oleh casing Eisenia foetida dan Lumbricus terrestris dan mempelajari pertumbuhan cacing tanah dalam media kotoran sapi perah. Media yang digunakan adalah campuran kotoran sapi dan jerami dengan perbandingan 70% dan 30%. Sebanyak 2 gram (8 ekor) cacing tanah Eisenia foetida dan Lumbricus terrestris dengan perbandingan masing-masing 100%: 0%, 0%: 100%, 30% 70%, 50% 50%, dan 70% 30% dimasukkan dalam media sebagai perlakuan. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan tiga kali ulangan. Kualitas kasting hasil degradasi kotoran sapi oleh cacing ditentukan dengan mengukur unsur N dengan metode Kjeldahl, P dan K dengan metode oksidasi basah dengan HNO3 dan HCIO4, dan unsur C dengan spektrofotometer. Pertumbuhan cacing tanah ditentukan dari bobot tubuh, produksi kokon dan penyusutan media (sarang). Analisis data pertumbuhan dilakukan dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf nyata 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kasting hasil biodegradasi kotoran sapi perah oleh E. foetida mengandung unsur N lebih tinggi daripada N pada kasting hasil biodegradasi L. terrestris. Kasting dengan unsur hara yang baik adalah kasting dari perlakuan 70% E foetida dengan 30% 1. terrestris dengan rasio C/N sebesar 8,9. Penggabungan dua jenis cacing tanah Eisenia foetida dan Lumbricus terrestris tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas kasting, bobot tubuh, produksi kokon, dan susut sarang (uji DMRT 5%). Perlakuan 100% 1. terrestris cenderung memproduksi kokon dalam jumlah besar, sedangkan perlakuan 100% E. foetida cenderung mempunyai bobot tubuh yang lebih besar dibandingkan L. terrestris.
Keyword: veterinary microbiology

Judul: The Growth of Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) Earthworm in Cattle Manure and Fermented White Cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) Bedding Combination.
Abstrak: Cacing tanah memiliki banyak manfaat sebagai pakan ternak, kosmetik atau tujuan medis. Hal tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan permintaan terhadap cacing tanah. Masyarakat membudidayakan cacing tanah sebagai bisnis. Cacing tanah dapat dibudidayakan dengan mudah dengan menyediakan media yang sesuai. Cacing tanah tumbuh dengan mengonsumsi bahan organik. Kotoran sapi dan limbah sayuran adalah bahan organik yang mengandung mineral yang dibutuhkan cacing tanah. Tujuan penelitiana ini adalah untuk mengetahui pertumbuhan cacing tanah Eudrilus eugeniae pada media kombinasi kotoran sapi dan limbah sawi putih terfermentasi yang berbeda. Penelitian ini dirancangan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Media yang digunakan merupakan kombinasi kotoran sapi (KS) dengan sawi putih fermentasi (SP) dengan komposisi: 100% KS (Kontrol), 95% KS + 5% SP (perlakuan A), 90% KS + 10% SP (perlakuan B) dan 85% KS + 15% SP (perlakuan C). Hasil penelitian secara statistic menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap bobot cacing (P>0,05), sementara ukuran panjang cacing dan produksi kokon berbeda antara level kombinasi media yang diberikan. Perlakuan B dengan kombinasi 90% KS dan 10% SP menunjukkan ukuran panjang cacing yang paling tinggi diikuti perlakuan C dengan kombinasi 85% KS dan 15% SP. Produksi kokon paling tinggi dicapai perlakuan B kombinasi 90% KS dan 10% SP.
Keyword: Eudrilus eugeniae, cattle manure, white cabbage

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite