Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) Sektor Makanan dan Minuman di Kota Bogor: Pendekatan K-Means Cluster
Abstrak: Bogor municipality has been set as the model of development of food and beverage sector Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs. The existence of MSEs is extremely important because it can provide cheaper and more affordable goods and services for lower and middle class society. Micro and small entreprises development efforts require information related to the characteristics of the MSEs. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the performance of food and beverage sector MSEs in Bogor. In accordance with this objective, it was required an analysis to know the development of food and beverage sector MSEs in Bogor municipality and the factors affecting the development. The method used in this study was descriptive analysis and k-means cluster method. Based on the results of research, the factors leading to developed MSEs in cluster 2 were the right marketing method, availability of capital and the effective use of labor. Factors that inhibit the performance in cluster 1 were: 1) lack of capital, 2) lack of marketing activities, 3) difficulty to obtain raw materials, and 4) lack of labor.
Keyword: k-means cluster., food and beverage sector MSEs, business clusters

Judul: Pengaruh Karakter Kewirausahaan terhadap Kinerja UMKM Makanan dan Minuman di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Perkembangan kewirausahaan di Indonesia ditunjukkan oleh peran Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam perekonomian nasional. Kota Bogor merupakan daerah yang memiliki angka perkembangan UMKM bidang makanan dan minuman yang prospektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakter kewirausahaan dan faktor eksternal terhadap kinerja UMKM makanan dan minuman di Kota Bogor. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa kinerja usaha direfleksikan oleh keuntungan. Karakter kewirausahaan direfleksikan oleh orientasi masa depan, sedangkan faktor eksternal direfleksikan oleh kebijakan pemerintah. Karakter kewirausahaan dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal dan mempengaruhi kinerja usaha.
Keyword: kewirausahaan, kinerja, UMKM

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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