Judul: Inseminasi buatan pada babi
Abstrak: Babi pelihara (Sus scrofa) adalah ungulata non ruminansia dari famili Suidae, menghasilkan anak dalam jumlah besar sekaligus (litter) dengan selang kelahiran yang lebih singkat. dari domba, sapi, kerbau dan kuda. Sifat- sifat tersebut membuat babi sebagai jenis ternak dengan potensi reproduksi yang tinggi sebagai produsen ternak komersial. Siklus berahi babi berlangsung 19 sampai 23 hari, rata-rata 21 hari, relatif konstan antara babi induk dan babi dara. Lama estrus bervariasi 40 sampai 70 jam de- ngan ovulasi terjadi 38 sampai 42 jam sesudah permulaan estrus. Waktu optimum untuk kawin alam atau inseminasi buatan adalah 16 jam sebelum ovulasi. Penyerentakan berahi secara alamiah adalah penyapihan secara serempak anak-anak babi dari induk-induknya pa- da waktu yang sama. Berahi biasanya terjadi 3 sampai 7 hari sesudah penyapihan. Inseminasi buatan menggunakan frozen semen sudah dikembangkan dan cukup berhasil di negara maju seperti USA dan Canada, namun penggunaan frozen semen dinilai kurang memuaskan bila dibandingkan dengan penggunaan semen cair…
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Judul: Inseminasi buatan pada anjing
Abstrak: Inseminasi buatan merupakan suatu cara ampuh yang diciptakan manusia untuk peningkatan populasi dan produksi hewan-ternak secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Teknik inseminasi buatan sudah sangat meluas diterapkan pada sapi perah; berbagai metoda dan modifikasi telah dikembangkan untuk menginseminasi sapi potong, kerbau, domba, kambing, babi, kuda, anjing bahkan hewan-hewan percobaan, ikan dan insekta. Pada masa kini manusia telah mengembangkan inseminasi buatan dan menggunakannya secara meluas di seluruh dunia. Salah satu diantaranya adalah inseminasi buatan pada anjing. Inseminasi Buatan pada anjing sebaiknya dilaksanakan pada hari ke 10 sampai hari ke 12 dihitung dari mulainya perdarahan vagina, dengan dosis 100-150 juta sperma motil. Dalam menentukan saat inseminasi buatan yang tepat dapat pula dilihat melalui perubahan epitel vagina, karena traktus reproduksi anjing sangat peka terhadap hormon-hormon reproduksi dibanding spesios lain. ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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