Judul: Pengaruh program kemitraan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan petani dan pengolah ikan di kotamadya Palembang, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Abstrak: Salah satu strategi yang ditempuh dalam rangka memajukan sub sektor perikanan adalah peningkatan pendapatan dan taraf hidup petani dan nelayan. Peningkatan pendapatan merupakan upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan telah dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satu diantaranya adalah program kemitraan. Program ini ditujukan untuk membantu para pengusaha kecil yang bergerak dalam berbagai bidang. Bantuan diberikan baik dalam bentuk pembinaan maupun modal. Di Kotamadya Palembang, program kemitraan telah dilakukan oleh berbagai Badan Usaha Milik Pemerintah (BUMN) dengan Kantor Departemen Koperasi dan Pengusaha Kecil (dalam Kabinet Pembangunan VII dan Kabinet Reformasi Pembangunan menjadi Departemen Koperasi Pengusaha Kecil dan Menengah) sebagai mediator. Bantuan diberikan dalam bentuk pinjaman kredit dengan bunga 4-6% dari total jumlah pinjaman yang dibayarkan dalam jangka waktu 1 bulan atau 3 bulan sekali dengan grace period selama 6 bulan. Sejak tahun 1995 hingga tahun 1997, terdapat 13 petani ikan dan 10 unit usaha pengolahan ikan yang telah menerima bantuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1). Mengetahui besarnya pendapatan petani dan pengolah ikan baik yang menerima bantuan maupun yang tidak menerima bantuan, (2). Mengetahui besar kontribusi usaha budidaya ikan atau usaha pengolahan ikan terhadap pendapatan total keluarga dan (3). Mengetahui tingkat kesejahteraan petani dan pengolah ikan baik yang menerima maupun yang lidak menerima bantuan dari program kemitraan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Pebruari 1998 di Kotamadya Palembang, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Metode penelitian adalah metode survey dengan stratified random sampling sebagai metode pengambilan data. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Pengukuran tingkat kesejahteraan dilakukan dengan menggunakan 11 indikator dari Biro Pusat Statistik yang digunakan dalam SUSENAS 1991.
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Judul: Kinerja Produksi Udang Tambak Rakyat di Kecamatan Pangkajene, Sulawesi Selatan Berdasarkan Bantuan Modal PEMP DKP
Abstrak: One of the main constraints of aquaculture production enhancement is capital. Therefore, the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs has launched a capital assistance program for farmers with a program called Coastal Economic Empowerment (PEMP). The program was aimed to improve the welfare of fishermen and coastal communities. Kecamatan Pangkajene is one of the fund recipient areas where the program was distributed into three villages which are Bonto Perak, Anrong Appakka, and Sibatua (DKP, 2005). The objective of this study was to analyze the shrimp production performance of farmers who received financial aid program PEMP. The study was conducted on July to August 2009 in the village of Bonto Perak, Anrong Appaka and Sibatua, KecamatanPangkajene, Kabupaten Pangkep, South Sulawesi. Primary data was obtained by direct interviews in the field using a questionnaire whereas secondary data was obtained by literature study. The results of field research show that farmers who received the funding PEMP (on the period of 2005-2007) stocked 10,000-15,000 PL / cycle (57.14%) with PL size more than 20 (57,14%). While non PEMP-farmers stocked at a range of 7,500-10,000 PL /cycle (43.66%) with a more varied PL size which usually obtained from merchants logs (51.35%). PEMP farmers generally used a mixture of natural feed and artificial feed (57.14%) while non-PEMP farmers mostly used only natural feed (90.54%). The water used by PEMP farmers was obtained mostly directly from the sea (71.43%) while non-PEMP farmers obtained their water from the river (85.14%). The types of disease that generally found in PEMP recipient tambak ponds were White Spot Syndrome Virus (71.43%) while the disease mostly found in non-PEMP farm were red spots (red gills) (30.14%). The timing of disease occurrence in most PEMP farm was in the rainy season (57.15%) while in non-PEMP farm diseases tended to occur throughout the year. During the period of PEMP implementation (2005-2007), the farmers who received financial aid from PEMP program did not experience any production increase as they harvested crop was remain stable (100%) with a range of 50-100 kg / cycle (42.86%). At the same time, 8.11% of non-PEMP farmers revealed an increased production, 79.73% decreased production and 12.16% stagnan production with a range of harvested crop of 100-150 kg (44.59%). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the financial aid provided by PEMP program in Kecamatan Pangkajene, Kabupaten Pangkep, South Sulawesi increased the frequency of stocking and the use of some production inputs. This program however did not give a direct impact on production.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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