Judul: Pemanfaatan Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.)  Sebagai Bahan Dasar Sabun Mandi
Abstrak: Jatropha plant (Jatropha curcas L.) is the plant where the habitat is commonly found in America, Africa and Asian tropical area includes Indonesia. This plant have lots of properties such as curing wound on skin, worm medicine, flatulent medicine and tooth medicine. Oil which extracted from its plant can be used as a base material for making soap, biodiesel, insecticides, and other medical use. Bath soap is the primary needs for human because it uses for cleaning up the body from the dirt which coming from oil, sweat, dust etc. Simple soap making is by reacting the NaOH base solution or as known as caustic soda, the process it called saponification. The two most critical chemical components of the soapmaking process are contact and heat.The soap that made in this research is an opaque soap. The main purposes of this research are to learn the characteristics of the opaque soap that made from the jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas L.) material and also to find the best soap with the NaOH and cassava starch composition that have been arranged. The research was started by working a material analysis of jatropha seed which includes water content analysis, ash content analysis, fat content analysis, protein content analysis, carbohydrate content analysis and also acidity level (pH). Afterward, working the main research that is the soapmaking process which its formula were made based on the oil saponification value itself. The soap were differ by the cassava starch addition that is 0 %, 2,5 %, 5 % and 7,5 %. The NaOH solvent used in this research were differ by concentration 30 % and 35 %. The soaps that has been produced, then, physical-chemically analyzed, and tested by preference test. Physical-chemistry analysis in this research are based on the SNI (1994). Finally, the result of both analysis and test were used to determine the best soap using the scoring method. The experiment design used in this research are known as randomize completely design with two factors. The factors that examined in this research are the concentration of NaOH that is 30 % and 35 %, and the concentration of cassava starch that is 0 %, 2,5 %, 5 % and 7,5 %. The percentage of all of its concentration are counted from the final weight of soap produced. In the physical-chemistry analysis, to know the effect the addition of cassava starch, the NaOH solvent or both of it altogether were performed with the analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test. In the preference test, to know the effect of both factors were performed with the Friedman test with the level of significance 95 % ( =0,05). Chosen panelists for this test were classified into untrained panelists and all of it are part member of society who are common using bath soap especially opaque soap. The result of the scoring method could not determined the best soap, because at the end of the calculation there were five soaps which have the same scores that is 2,580. Those five soaps are coded 102 (soap with NaOH 30 % and
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Judul: Peningkatan nilai tambah minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn) untuk pembuatan sabun transparan
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas Linn has been known as a plant that has medicinal properties include in its oil. This paper attempt to describe how to increase added value of Jatropha curcas Linn oil in form of transparent soap. This research used Jatropha curcas Linn oil in transparent soap formula has been conducted. The treatment in this reasearh was only concentration level of Jatropha curcas oil in the transparent soap formula. The effect of oil concentration level in transparent soap formula was identified by water content, free fatty acid content, free alkaline, unsaponiviable fraction, mineral oil content, and foam stability. Transparent soap that was produced then tested to the consummer. Organoleptic test (hedonic test) was performed to know the consummer preference through scent effect, appearance, effect on the skin, hardness, transparency level. Overall test then ranked and the best soap that contain Jatropha curcas Linn oil was 5 %. Added value also was counted in transfoming of Jatropha curcas Linn oil into transparent soap.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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