Judul: Knowledges, Attitudes, and Practices of Farmers on the Management of Mango Pests and Diseases at Lemahabang District, Cirebon, West Java
Abstrak: Mangga (Mangifera indica) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura yang sangat populer di Indonesia. Terlepas dari manfaatnya, usaha tani mangga ternyata mengalami banyak permasalahan, diantaranya serangan Organisme Pengganggu Tanaman (OPT). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani di Kecamatan Lemahabang, Kabupaten Cirebon terhadap pengelolaan OPT mangga. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September hingga Desember 2022, berlokasi di dua desa sentra produksi mangga di Kecamatan Lemahabang yaitu Desa Belawa dan Cipeujeuh Kulon. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi penentuan responden, pengambilan data melalui wawancara, pengamatan di lapangan, dan analisis data menggunakan uji chi-square. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, hama yang menjadi masalah utama di lapangan adalah lalat buah (Bactrocera sp.), wereng daun, dan thrips, sedangkan dari kelompok penyakit gummosis menjadi permasalahan utama penyakit tanaman mangga di kedua desa. Mayoritas petani mengaplikasikan pestisida sebagai cara utama pengendalian OPT. Latar belakang pendidikan menjadi faktor utama yang memengaruhi tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani mangga di lokasi penelitian. Implementasi Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) belum sepenuhnya terealisasikan meskipun para petani sudah memiliki kemampuan yang baik. Hal ini disebabkan masih kurangnya bukti nyata dukungan dari pihak eksternal kepada para petani., Mango (Mangifera indica) is one of the most popular horticultural commodities in Indonesia. Behind its benefits, Indonesia is experiencing various kinds of obstacles in its practices, including the attacks of Plant Pest Organisms. This study aims to determine the level of knowledges, attitudes, and practices of the mango farmers in Lemahabang District on the management of mango pests and diseases. The research has been done in September until December 2022 and focused at the central of mango production in Lemahabang District, namely Belawa and Cipeujeuh Kulon Village. Research was conducted by the determination of respondents, data collection with interviews, field observations, and data analysis with chi-square test. According to the interviews, fruit flies (Bactrocera sp.), leafhoppers, and thrips are the main pest problems in the location, beside that gummosis is the main mango disease that can be found there. The majority of farmers are using pesticide application for the main pests and diseases management. Education is the main factor affecting the level of knowledges, attitudes, and practices of the mango farmers. The implementation of sustainable pests management was still inconsiderable, even though they have the capability to do that. The farmers need some incentives and inducements from the external stakeholders.
Keyword: fruit fly, gummosis, IPM, leafhopper, thrips

Judul: Knowledges, Attitudes, and Practices of Mango Farmers Regarding Pesticide Use in Mango Production Centers of Cirebon District
Abstrak: Aplikasi pestisida merupakan upaya yang paling umum dilakukan petani untuk mengendalikan hama dan penyakit tanaman. Namun, penggunaan pestisida yang tidak tepat dapat berdampak negatif bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan tingkat pengetahuan, sikap dan tindakan petani mangga di Kabupaten Cirebon terhadap penggunaan pestisida. Penelitian dilakukan pada Bulan Februari hingga April 2021 menggunakan metode survei langsung di lapangan melalui wawancara dengan petani mangga menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Lokasi pengambilan sampel ditentukan berdasarkan populasi masyarakat yang berprofesi sebagai petani mangga di kecamatan tersebut lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan di kecamatan lainnya dengan jumlah sebanyak 45 responden. Data dimasukan ke dalam Microsoft Excel 2007, lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif dan disajikan dalam bentuk tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar petani menggunakan pestisida secara intensif dan terjadwal serta menggunakan dosis yang tidak sesuai dengan anjuran sehingga dapat menimbulkan residu pestisida. Sebagian besar petani mangga menggunakan insektisida dengan bahan aktif lambda sihalotrin dan sipermetrin, sedangkan fungisida yang digunakan adalah prokloraz dan azoksistrobin., Pesticide application is the most frequent method to control plant pests and diseases. However, improper use of pesticides can cause negative effects on both human health and the environment. This study aimed was to evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors of mango farmers in Cirebon Regency regarding pesticide use. The study has been conducted from February to April 2021 using a direct survey method through interviews with mango farmers using a structured questionnaire. Respondents were determined based on the farmer population who work as mango farmers in the village, with a total of 45 respondents. The data was entered into Microsoft Excel 2007, then analyzed descriptively and presented in tabular form. Results showed that most of the farmers were using pesticides intensively regularly (calendar system) using doses that are not as recommended. The active ingredients of lambda-cyhalothrin and cypermethrin (insecticides) and prochloraz and azoxystrobin (fungicides) are commonly used by mango farmers.
Keyword: active ingredient, interview, pesticide application

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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