Judul: Uji inhibisi enzim alfa glukosidase oleh ekstrak etanol daun murbei (Morus alba L) secara in vitro
Abstrak: Tanaman murbei adalah tanaman obat yang telah banyak digunakan dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit, termasuk diabetes. Inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase merupakan salah satu mekanisme mencegah terjadinya hiperglikemia postprandial. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kemampuan ekstrak daun murbei dalam menghambat enzim α-glukosidase secara in vitro. Ekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 65% dengan perbandingan simplisia dengan pelarut 1:10. Hasil pengujian fitokimia menunjukkan ekstrak mengandung senyawa fitokimia flavonoid, tanin, dan steroid. Ekstrak mampu menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 309.82 μg/mL. Persentase inhibisi dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi ekstrak daun murbei (taraf uji 5%).
Keyword: mulberry, diabetes, Inhibition, α-glucosidase

Judul: Efek hipoglikemik ekstrak daun murbei (Morus multicaulis) terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus DM:
Abstrak: Diabetes melitus telah menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan tercantum dalam urutan keempat prioritas penelitian nasional untuk penyakit degeneratif setelah penyakit kardiovaskuler. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dan data dari poliklinik diabetes di seluruh Indonesia, diperkirakan jumlah penderita diabetes di Indonesia pada tahun 1994 adalah 2,5 juta jiwa dan pada tahun 2000 meningkat menjadi 4 juta jiwa. Menurut American Diabetes Assosiation (ADA) 2007 di Amerika Serikat diestimasi sekitar 23,6 juta penduduk atau 8% populasi menderita diabetes. Penyakit ini merupakan penyebab kebutaan terbesar dan 25% penderita meninggal setiap tahun akibat kegagalan ginjal. Penelitian di Jepang melaporkan bahwa daun murbei dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah penderita diabetes. Di Indonesia daun murbei telah digunakan sebagai campuran daun teh yang dikenal dengan teh daun murbei dan diyakini dapat mengobati diabetes, hipertensi dan gangguan pencernaan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi, belum diketahui jenis daun manakah yang dapat memberikan efek hipoglikemik yang terbaik, apakah daun muda atau daun tua, daun segar atau daun yang telah dikeringkan, selain itu perlu diketahui jenis pelarut yang digunakan, sehingga ekstrak daun murbei yang dihasilkan dapat memberikan efek hipoglikemik yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan : untuk mengetahui kandungan zat gizi yang terdapat dalam ekstrak daun murbei, dan menguji efek hipoglikemik dari beberapa jenis ekstrak daun murbei terhadap kadar glukosa darah tikus DM.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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