Judul: Kajian Metabolomik Rimpang Kunyit Menggunakan Kromatografi Cair-Spektroskopi Massa
Abstrak: Pendekatan metabolomik dengan instrumen kromatografi cair-spektroskopi massa (LC-MS) dilakukan untuk mengetahui profil metabolit kunyit (Curcuma longa) berdasarkan perbedaan daerah sumber. Pada penelitian ini, sampel kunyit yang digunakan berasal dari 5 daerah yang berbeda, yaitu Karanganyar, Nagrak, Ngawi, Bogor, dan Sukabumi. Kromatogram LC-MS diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak MZmine dan The Unscrambler. MZmine mengolah kromatogram LC-MS menjadi bentuk mass array. Identifikasi pendugaan metabolit dilakukan dengan membandingkan massa akurat puncak terukur hasil mass array dengan massa akurat pasti senyawa metabolit turunan kurkuma yang terdapat pada dictionary natural product (dnp.chemnetbase.com), serta melalui studi pustaka jalur biosintesis genus kurkuma (peta metabolit). Analisis komponen utama (PCA) dengan perangkat lunak The Unscrambler mengelompokkan sampel kunyit berdasarkan perbedaan daerah sumber serta menentukan metabolit penciri. Sifat bioaktivitas yang diuji ialah aktivitas antioksidan kunyit. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan total 121 metabolit di dalam genus kurkuma teridentifikasi dan ada perbedaan komposisi kandungan metabolit berdasarkan daerah sumber sampel. Pola pengelompokan hasil PCA menunjukkan pengelompokan berdasarkan ulangan sampel untuk kunyit Sukabumi dan Karanganyar sedangkan tidak mengelompok untuk sampel kunyit daerah sumber lain. Aktivitas antioksidan paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh kunyit Sukabumi dengan nilai IC50 47.63 μg/mL. Sampel kunyit Sukabumi dapat dicirikan dengan tidak adanya kandungan kalebin A yang memiliki nilai m/z 384,939.
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Judul: Penentuan Kadar Kurkuminoid dalam Kunyit dengan Spektrofotometri Derivatif
Abstrak: Indonesia as one of agricultural countries has various kinds of plant than can be used for pharmaceutical product, including turmeric that contains curcuminoid compound. Curcuminoid has efficacy as an antihepatoxic, anticholesterol, tumor and cancer inhibiting compound. In recent years, research has been developing a simple, fast, and low-cost analysis method from spectroscopy and chemometric combination, i.e. ; derivative spectrophotometry. In this research, turmeric extraction was conducted using sonication method, and its curcuminoid content was determined using spectrophotometry method. Analysis with UV-vis spectrophotometry and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) were also conducted as reference methods. Curcuminoid in turmeric using derivative spectrophotometry was 14.33 mg/g whereas with UV-vis spectrophotometry and HPLC were 14.18 and 45.40 mg/g, respectively. Based on statistical analysis for these results, derivative spectrophotometry can be applied for analyzing curcuminoid content with good accuracy and precision. This developed method was cheaper, faster, and easier than the conventional method. In addition, matrices influence in samples can be reduced compared with that using conventional spectrophotometry.
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Judul: Impact Of water policy on poverty reduction and women roles in water management In Zimbabwe
Abstrak: Water management is a key factor in the battle to remove the scourge of extreme poverty and to build secure and prosperous lives for people in the developing world. The water sector in Zimbabwe is complicated by the large number of actors; it is interwoven within various ministries. The research used secondary data and review of literature to evaluate how the current water policy has contributed towards marginalising women and the poor. It looked at how actors can also marginalise or put other actors at risk thereby undermining their role through prioritisation of certain projects, stakeholder participation and usage policy. From a descriptive analysis it is found that women are further relegated and marginalised. The poor are further impoverished through marginalisation and vulnerability. The policy environment favours business and state interests against those of grassroots actors and women. It recommends the establishment of home grown pro- poor water management strategies.
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