Judul: Perubahan karbon organik dan nitrogen total tanah akibat perlakuan pupuk organik pada budi daya sayuran organik
Abstrak: Pertanian organik merupakan sistem pertanian yang menekankan penggunaan bahan organik seperti kotoran ternak dan sisa tanaman sebagai pengganti pupuk kimia serta upaya meminimalkan pemakaian pestisida sintesik yang memberikan dampak kerusakan terhadap lingkungan. Keberadaan nitrogen dan karbon dalam tanah berperan penting dalam menjaga mutu kesuburan tanah maupun tanaman, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kandungan nitrogen dan karbon dalam tanah. Kandungan karbon dan nitrogen pada tanah diukur menggunakan spektofotometer sinar tampak. Kadar C organik diukur berdasarkan metode analisis Kurmies pada panjang gelombang 561 nm, sedangkan untuk pengukuran kadar nitrogen digunakan metode Kjeldahl pada panjang gelombang 636 nm. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil uji statistik, menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk organik, tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap jumlah karbon organik dan nitrogen total tanah, antara sebelum penanaman dan sesudah masa panen.
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Judul: Perubahan kapasitas tukar kation dan kadar fosfat tanah akibat perlakuan pupuk organik dalam sistem budi daya sayuran organik
Abstrak: Budi daya pertanian organik perlu dikembangkan, demi mempertahankan produktivitas dan kesuburan lahan pertanian dalam jangka panjang. Untuk kesuksesan program ini, diperlukan informasi mengenai metode pemupukan yang tepat dan efisien. Dalam penelitian ini, enam perlakuan pemupukan diamati kemampuannya dalam meningkatkan parameter kimiawi mutu tanah, meliputi kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), kadar fosfat tersedia, fosfat ekstrak HCl 25%, dan kalium ekstrak HCl 25%. Kationkation yang diikat oleh koloid tanah diekstraksi dengan larutan amonium asetat pH 7, dan diukur kadarnya menggunakan spektrofotometer serapan atom (AAS). Ekstraksi lebih lanjut dengan larutan NaCl 10% dilakukan untuk mendapatkan nilai KTK, yang diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer ultraviolet tampak (UV-Vis). Kadar fosfat ekstrak Bray I dan ekstrak HCl 25% diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, sedangkan kalium ekstrak HCl 25% diukur dengan AAS. Hasil analisis statistika menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang diberikan tidak menghasilkan perubahan yang nyata terhadap parameter kimiawi mutu tanah. Dalam hal ini, faktor cuaca selama musim tanam sangat besar pengaruhnya. Namun, jika dilihat secara keseluruhan, perlakuan pupuk kandang ayam yang diperkaya dengan dolomit dan fosfat alam memberikan hasil terbaik.
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Judul: Algorithm construction of HLI hash function
Abstrak: Cryptography is a study of mathematical techniques related to aspects of information security regarding on confidentiality, data integrity, entity authentication, and data origin authentication. Data integrity is a service, which is associated with the conversion of data carried out by unauthorized parties. To maintain data integrity, one can use hash functions. An hash function is a computationally efficient function to map an arbitrary length bitstring to a fixed length bitstring called as hash value. The use of hash function in maintaining the information integrity and authentication is in digital signatures, virus protection, and software distribution. Illustration of the hash function in the integrity and authentication of information that is emailed as follow. The sender sends the information and hash value to the recipient. If the hash value of the information is equal to the hash value that is sent by the sender, then information has not been changed. Otherwise the information has been changed. An hash function has two properties, one way and collision resistance. An hash function is called one way if it is computationally infeasible to find any input such that when given any hash value . Meanwhile an hash function is called collision resistant if it is computationally infeasible to find any two inputs where such that . The purpose of this study is to construct a HLI hash function algorithm, to analyze the speed and security of the hash functions as a results of construction. Furthermore, it is to compare it with SWIFFT. Hash function is constructed based on the result of algebraic operations on modular polynomial ringwith . Modular polynomial ring noted as is a set of all polynomials of degree at most with coefficients in . can be represented as a set of integer vector of modulo in dimension . So, it is simple to implement in a computer. In vector operations, is lattice . Furthermore, alattice that is defined from certain polynomial ring is called ideal lattice. HLI hash function is consists of addition and multiplication algorithm in the ring. Addition algorithm consists of sumation operations of modulo and multiplication consists of multiplication operations of modulo . Generally, algorithm of HLI hash function consists of multiplication operations of modulo and addition operations of modulo . However, if the input is binary number then multiplication algorithm only consists of multiplication operation of modulo , so algorithm of HLI hash function consists of multiplication operations of modulo and addtion operations of modulo . An hash function is secured if it has two properties, i.e., one way and collision resistance. HLI hash function hash is one way, it is following the proof of Micciancio. It is has collision resistant because of polynomial is irreducible over and monic. Moreover, it is proved that for every unit vector , the vector is small vector. If the input of hash function is a binary number then HLI hash function only involves addition operations of modulo . So the time that used almost same with SWIFFT. The excellence of HLI hash function is the key size smaller than SWIFFT. This effect on
Keyword: hash function, modular polynomial ring, lattice