Judul: Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Kadar Gula Darah Non-Invasive Berbasis Sensor Fotodioda
Abstrak: A non-invasive blood glucose meter has been invented before by using light dependent resistor (LDR) as its sensor. This glucose meter has not generating accurate data because LDR is susceptible to noise. Photodiode sensor has more specific wavelength spectral response than LDR, so it can be more resistant to noise. The purpose of this study are to design a non-invasive glucose meter by using photodiode as its sensor and test it on blood glucose variations. The main component of this tool are photodiode sensor, signal conditioning circuits, and microcontroller ATmega328P. This tool is tested by measuring blood glucose level and seeing its correlation with the output voltage from the circuit. The result showed that the light intensity as represented by output voltage, will actually changed when the value of blood glucose changed, following polinomial equation y = 0,0014 x2 - 0,6652 x + 139,34. Coefficient of correlation R2 = 0,9544 showed that x has a real effect toward y, so it can be concluded that photodiode has been functioning properly as non-invasive blood glucose meter’s sensor. The accuration and precision value of this glucose meter are 98,92% and 97,41%.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), photodiode, non-invasive, blood glucose levels

Judul: Rancang Bangun Alat Ukur Gula Darah Non-Invasive Berbasis Microcontroller ATMEGA32A
Abstrak: In this research, carried out design of the prototype measuring devices noninvasive blood sugar (without harm the body) utilizing specific absorption wavelength at 521 nm blood sugar. Prototype manufacturing using a LED light source that emits electromagnetic waves in the region 521nm, LDR as light sensor to measure the transmittance of blood sugar, and signal processing circuit consist of buffer circuit, filter circuit, and peak detector circuit. Blood glucose measurements performed by irradiating the left little finger using LED, transmittance captured by the LDR afterward precessed by the signal processing circuit is then converted into the ADC value by microcontroller atmega32a. The correlation between the concentration of blood sugar to the ADC values determined by curve plotting method in Microsoft Excel 2007.The correlation can be approximated by a polynomial equation of second order, y=0.17984x2- 15.263x+416.33, where y is the concentration of blood sugar and x is the value of ADC. Accuracy and precision values that obtained in prototype testing about 92,25% and 89,24%.
Keyword: 

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
Keyword: