Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The increase of petroleum international market price cause the Indonesian Government impose a petroleum price policy that is rising the national fuel price. The policy, however, highly impact the community in the small islands, especially on the energy sector as the fuel price in the area is much higher than the national fixed market price. In contrast, sustainability of electric supply is needed for tourism development and for social economic activities in such area. To fulfill the electricity requirement in remote areas and small islands, Indonesian government runs the self-sufficient energy village program. In Nusa Penida, an area that consists of three islands in Bali Province, the program is run by developing Energy Tourism Area. The main goal of this study was to build a model of environmentally sound management of energy in the small islands, the case of Nusa Penida in Bali. The objectives of the study were to identify the potency of several local renewable energy resources, to analyze the financial feasibility of the use of the renewable energy, and to analyze the environmental impact of the renewable energy use in the small islands. Data analysis methods for energy in the small islands management were : the potency of renewable energy resources by descriptive method; financial feasibility by instruments of investment criteria (net present value, benefit cost ratio, and internal rate of return); and environmental impact by the change of environmental burden in decrease of diesel oil consumption and the emission of CO, NOx, SOx, and total particle. “RE-Nusa” model, the temporal dimension model of renewable energy management which was constructed by system dynamics approach, can predict the behaviour of the renewable energy management system in Nusa Penida. The system has a significant contribution on the electric production system during the period of May to August in every year. This results in a decrease of diesel power generation burden and diesel oil consumption in the island. It is therefore, the renewable energy management model, when is applied to the electrical system unit in Nusa Penida Island, will potentially reduce the emission of CO as 28.47%, NOx as 37.46%, SOx as 33.40%, and total particle as 30.582% for the next ten years.
Keyword: dynamic system, petrolium price policy, finansial feasibility, environmental inpact, Bali

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Goal of the experiment was to provide a sustainability of oil palm management model, which can be described as follow: (1) to analyze land suitability and productivity performance of oil palm area, (2) to analyze oil palm yield model, (3) to analyze the role and institutions linkage, (4) to create sustainability management model and its scenario strategic for implementing of the promoted model. The results showed that sustainability of Nucleus Estate Smallholder oil palm plantation for 2010-2035 period can be achieved through the promoted management model with the conditions of people growth 1.7%, land suitability S2 (moderately suitable) and weak competition capacity of competitor crop (rubber). The indicators of sustainability oil palm management model were (a) favorable physical land condition which can be shown from the lower level of land degradation about 0.03-0.08%, environmental carrying capacity also low about 0.002-0.01%, and by average, production of fresh fruit bunch was 25.83 tones/year, (b) farmer’s income about Rp. 45 719 916/year and society income Rp. 16 845 025/year, higher then the minimum regional wage of Riau Province, (c) Socially, education level of the farmer increased significantly which can be equalized into total income up to Rp. 55 000 000/year. Empowerment of farmer group was the best alternative in generating of sustainability oil palm management model. In accordance to the local condition, The PRITAMA scheme model has the highest probability in creating of an harmonies institutional linkage. There were 7 key variables for implementing of the promoted sustainability of oil palm management model, namely, land holding size, land status, land suitability, capital, human resources, institution and government policy. The medium scenario has the highest probability towards sustainability oil palm management model with the conditions for future are land holding size rather decrease, land status fixed, land suitability relative remain, quality of human resources moderate, working capital available, institution rather harmonies and government policy favorable for implementing of the promoted model.
Keyword: Land Degradation, Carrying Capacity, Nucleus Estate Smallholder Oil Palm, Land Suitability

Judul: Penularan Kuman Salmonella ke Manusia Melalui Karkas Broiler yang Tercemar
Abstrak: Kuman salmonella yang secara primer hanya patogen terhadap manusia adalah Salmonella typhose, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella - schottmuelleri, dan Salmonella hirschfelldii. Sedangkan kuman salmonella yang lain yang secara primer menyerang hewan kadang-kadang mampu beradaptasi pada manusia, sehingga menimbulkan penyakit. Penularan sering terjadi melalui makanan tanpa terkecuali karkas broiler yang tercemar oleh kuman tersebut, sehingga Salmonellosis dimasukkan dalam Food Borne Disease. Penyakit yang ditimbulkan oleh Kuman salmonella diantaranya demam typhoid, gastroenteritis sampai dengan septikemia. Tetapi sering pula infeksi pada manusia tidak menimbulkan gejala klinis, sehingga penderita akan berperan sebagai carrier.
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