Judul: Karakterisasi Sifat Fermentasi Beberapa Khamir Hasil Adaptasi Galaktosa Terhadap Hidrolisat Rumput Laut
Abstrak: Kappaphycus alvarezii has polysaccharides which consist of galactose as monomer unit. After acid hydrolysis, galactose can be used as carbon and energy source by Pachysolen tannophilus IPBCC Y111149 and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IPBCC Y03545. Yet, the ability of these strains to convert K. alvarezii hydrolysates into bioethanol was low. Therefore, improvement of their fermentation characteristics needs to be pursued. An effort to obtain galactose adapted of P. tannophilus IPBCC Y111149 and S. cerevisiae IPBCC Y03545 and further characterized the fermentation traits of those towards K. alvarezii hydrolysates were carried out in this research. Adaptation was done for 264 times in fresh Yeast Malt Peptone Galactose medium. One cycle of adaptation is about 4 hours. Strains of P. tannophilus adaptation process varied in their galactose fermentation ability, meanwhile S. cerevisiae increased with longer adaptation process. The fermentation characteristics of yeasts in K. alvarezii hydrolysates correlated with their galactose fermentation ability. Fermentation characters of P. tannophilus 88th adaptation towards K. alvarezii hydrolysates was better than wild strain, while S. cerevisiae, except their substrate efficiency, were better than its wild strain. Adaptation process did not modify the shape of P. tannophilus cell, but modified the shape and size of S. cerevisiae cell to become oval-like and bigger.
Keyword: S.cerevisiae, P. tannophilus, K. alvarezii hydrolysates, bioethanol, adaptation

Judul: Potensi Khamir dalam Fermentasi Hidrolisat Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Menjadi Bioetanol
Abstrak: Seaweed (K. alvarezii) contains galactose that can be used as raw material for bioetanol production. Some yeasts were able to use galactose for carbon source and energy source as well as converts it into bioethanol. This study was aimed to screening Pachysolen tannophilus IPBCC y 11.1149, Pichia anomala IPBCC y 11.1182, and IPBCC y 11.1192, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IPBCC y 03.545 in their ability to produce bioetanol from seaweed hydrolysate. Prior to screening, these yeasts were determined their ability to ferment glucose and galactose to bioetanol. All strain were able to convert glucose to bioetanol, but only two strains can use galactose. These were P. tannophilus and S. cerevisiae. These isolates were tested for their ability to produce bioetanol from seaweed hydrolysate. P. tannophilus was the potential one. P. tannophilus produce more ethanol volume (0.50%-1.18%) comparing to S. cerevisiae (0.05%-0.11%). The ethanol concentration from both strain were different, P. tannophilus showed ethanol concentration higher (0.50%-1.18%) than S. cerevisiae (0.05%-0.19%). P. tannophilus had the substrate efficiency 16.45%-24.38% and fermentation efficiency 12.16%-23.13% it was higher than S. cerevisiae which has 20.76%-22.6% and 1.18%-2.19% respectively
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Judul: Strategi pembangunan wilayah Kabupaten Situbondo Provinsi Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Perencanaan pembangunan baik yang bersifat perencanaan sektoral maupun regional mempunyai keterkaitan antar sektor maupun antar tingkat administrasi, yaitu antara perencanaan pusat, regional dan lokal. Perencanaan pembangunan seharusnya mempertimbangkan: (a) hubungan saling menguntungkan antara pembangunan diberbagai tingkat administrasi, nasional, regional maupun lokal, (b) hubungan antara pembangunan diberbagai sektor dan (c) keterkaitan antar aspek sosial, ekonomi dan fisik dalam proses pembangunan. Penerapan Undang-Undang No. 32 tahun 2004 tentang pemerintahan daerah dan Undang-Undang No. 33 tahun 2004 tentang perimbangan keuangan antara pusat dan daerah, telah membuat pemerintah daerah sibuk mengatur daerahnya masing-masing agar sesuai dengan aspirasi dan kebutuhan masyarakat dengan menerapkan system demokrasi yang menekankan pada pemerintahan desentralisasi.
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