Judul: Impact of Non Tariff Measures (NTMs) on Indonesian Biopharma Exports to Export Destination Countries
Abstrak: Biofarmaka merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian Indonesia yang memberikan kontribusi positif terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Namun, dari tahun 2012-2019 terjadi fluktuasi besaran kontribusi tersebut dari sisi ekspor. Salah satu faktor utama yang diduga sebagai penyebab fluktuasi tersebut adalah diberlakukannya kebijakan non tarif berupa NTMs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja ekspor dan dampak pemberlakuan NTM terhadap ekspor biofarmaka Indonesia ke negara tujuan ekspor dengan periode penelitian 2012-2019. Cakupan penelitian meliputi 8 negara tujuan ekspor utama biofarmaka Indonesia yaitu India, Malaysia, Singapura, Jepang, Vietnam, Korea Selatan, Uni Arab Emirat (UAE), dan Hongkong. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif melalui pendekatan inventory (coverage ratio) dan model gravity. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan GDP riil negara pengekspor, GDP riil negara pengimpor, Jarak ekonomi dan nilai tukar riil, SPS dan TBT merupakan variabel yang mempunyai pengaruh nyata terhadap nilai ekspor biofarmaka Indonesia. Variabel coverage ratio TBT menunjukkan nilai koefisien positif sedangkan coverage ratio SPS menunjukkan nilai negatif., Biopharma is one of Indonesia's agricultural commodities that has made a positive contribution to the Indonesian economy. However, from 2012-2019 there was a fluctuation in the size of the contribution from the export side. One of the main factors suspected as the cause of the fluctuation was the imposition of a non-tariff policy in the form of NTMs. This study aims to analyze the export performance and the impact of the application of NTM on Indonesia's biopharmaceutical exports to export destination countries in the 2012- 2019 research period. The research scope covers 8 main export destination countries for Indonesian biopharma, namely India, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, Vietnam, South Korea, United Arab Emirates (UAE), and Hong Kong. The method used is descriptive analysis through the inventory approach (coverage ratio) and the gravity model. The estimation results show the real GDP of the exporting country, the real GDP of the importing country, the population of the exporting country, the population of the importing country, the economic distance and the real exchange rate, SPS and TBT are variables that have a real effect on the export value of Indonesian biopharma. The TBT coverage ratio variable shows a positive coefficient value while the SPS coverage ratio shows a negative value.
Keyword: Biofarmaka, ekspor, gravity model, inventory approach, NTM

Judul: Analisis Dampak Non-Tariff Measures dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Buah-Buahan Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan
Abstrak: Buah-buahan merupakan salah satu komoditas yang menjadi unggulan dalam ekspor sektor hortikultura Indonesia. Adanya hambatan non tarif (non tariff measures/NTMs) dalam perdagangan internasional produk pertanian, khususnya pada buah-buahan Indonesia dapat membuat volume ekspor buah-buahan Indonesia ke negara tujuan mengalami penurunan. Lebih lanjut, hambatan non tarif yang sering diberlakukan adalah kebijakan Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) dan Technical Barries to Trade (TBT). Pada penelitian ini dianalisis dampak NTMs serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor buah-buahan Indonesia pada periode 2010 hingga 2019 ke negara tujuan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitan ini terdiri dari analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan inventory dan analisis data panel dengan menggunakan model gravity. Hasil analisis inventory menunjukkan bahwa komoditas buah-buahan Indonesia paling banyak dikenakan kebijakan SPS dengan jenis testing requirement. Selanjutnya, hasil estimasi model gravity menunjukkan GDP riil negara pengimpor, GDP riil Indonesia, populasi negara pengimpor, populasi Indonesia, jarak ekonomi, nilai tukar riil, dan coverage ratio SPS berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor buah-buahan Indonesia., Fruits are one of the leading commodities in Indonesia's horticultural sector exports. The existence of non-tariff barriers (non-tariff measures/NTMs) in the international trade of agricultural products, especially Indonesian fruit has reduced the volume of Indonesian fruit exports to the destination countries. Furthermore, non-tariff barriers that are often applied are the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) policies. This study analyzes the impact of NTMs and the factors that affect the Indonesian fruits exports in the period 2010 to 2019 to destination countries. The method used in this research consists of descriptive analysis using an inventory approach and panel data analysis using a gravity model. The results of the inventory analysis show that the most Indonesian fruit commodities are subject to the SPS policy with the type of testing requirement. Furthermore, the estimation results of the gravity model show that the real GDP of the importing country, the real GDP of Indonesia, the population of the importing country, the population of Indonesia, the economic distance, the real exchange rate, and the SPS coverage ratio have a significant effect on the volume of Indonesian fruit exports.
Keyword: export, fruits, gravity model, inventory approach, NTMs

Judul: Rancang Bangun Alat Pengukur Intensitas Hujan Dengan Metode Jungkat-Jungkit Berbasis Sensor Medan Magnet UGN3503.
Abstrak: This research has been done on making rain intensity gauge using a magnetic field sensor UGN3503. Sensor UGN3503 can detect the magnetic field on its surface. The sensor is placed above a seesaw that was inserted magnet. The magnet used is Neodymium magnet is a type of permanent magnet with stongest magnetic field compared to other types of fixed magnetic field magnets. When the seesaw discards rainwater, the distance between sensor and magnet is closer and causing the keluaran voltage of the sensor increases. The keluaran voltage of the sensor is compared with a reference voltage by the comparator so that the sensor keluaran data is in digital form and ready to be processed. As the processing and sending of data used ATmega16 microcontroller, microcontroller take sensor data once every 100 ms and display data to the LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) 16x2. Every 30 minutes the data is processed into the rain intensity is then stored into a computer.
Keyword: rain intensity, seesaw, comparator, microcontroller, sensor UGN3503.