Judul: Aplikasi Eritromisin dan Kloramfenikol dalam Menekan Jumlah Campylobacter spp. dan Koliform pada Ayam yang Diinfeksi oleh Campylobacter jejuni
Abstrak: Campylobacter is one of the major pathogenic bacteria causing food poisoning that can be transmitted through poultry products. Infection C. jejuni and coliform in humans can be caused by eating contaminated food. Transmission can be achieved at the farm level with treatment suffering from campylobacteriosis in poultry, for example by administering antimicrobial. The aimed of this study was to determine the number of Campylobacter spp. and coliform in chickens were infected by C. jejuni before and after treatment with erythromycin and chloramphenicol. A total of 17 chickens kept divided into four experimental groups, namely (A) negative control, chickens were not infected by C. jejuni and without antibiotic treatment, (B) positive control, chickens were infected by C. jejuni and without antibiotic treatment, (C) chickens were infected by C. jejuni and were treated by erythromycin, and (D) chickens infected by C. jejuni and treated by chloramphenicol. Inspection was done in three times, in one day old chickens, after infection (12 days old chickens), and after treatment (17 days old chickens). The average number of Campylobacter spp. at one day old chickens was 2.0 + 0.57 MPN/g, while the average number of coliforms was 2.8 x 107 + 3.5 x 106 cfu/g. After was infected by C. jejuni, the average number of Campylobacter spp. increased to 46 + 27.15 MPN/g, while the average number of coliforms was 2.0 x 106 + 1.7 x 105 cfu/g. After treatment by erythromycin and chloramphenicol, the average number of Campylobacter spp. in both groups decreased, respectively 2.5 + 2.12 as MPN/g and 2 + 0 MPN/g, while the average number of coliforma much as 5.7 x 108 + 3.2 x 107 cfu/g and 4.3 x 108 + 1.7 x 108 cfu/g. From this research, erythromycin or chloramphenicol were effective for treatment of campylobacteriosis in chickens.
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Judul: Resistensi Campylobacter Jejuni Isolat Lokal terhadap Lima Jenis Antimikroba Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo
Abstrak: Campylobacter jejuni is one of the foodborne zoonotic pathogens that cause gastroenteritis in humans. Many reports from different countries showed that Campylobacter jejuni was resistant to some antimicrobial such as erytromycin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The objective of this research were 1) to find the resistance of local isolates of Campylobacter jejuni (Demak and Kudus) against five types of antimicrobials: amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erytromycin, and ciprofloxacin, 2) to get the type and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to inhibit Campylobacter jejuni infection and 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of five types of antimicrobials (amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erytromycin, and ciprofloxacin) for the treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from chicken meat that sold in the traditional markets and supermarkets. Resistance test was performed using disc diffusion method and broth dilution method. The result of disc diffusion method test showed that Demak isolates were resistant to two types of antimicrobials; ciprofloxacin (9 mm) and tetracycline (12,2 mm), while the Kudus isolates were sensitive to four types of antimicrobials. The results of broth dilution method test showed that Demak isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (5 μg/ml) and tetracycline (20 μg/ml), while the Kudus isolates were sensitive to five types of antimicrobials. To evaluate the effectiveness of five types of antimicrobials for the treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection, chickens were infected orally with Campylobacter jejuni (104 CFU) and then treated with five antimicrobials in each group. The result showed that generally the use of antimicrobials in treated groups could maintain the body weight compared to the untreated groups. It could be concluded that the local isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were resistant to antimicrobials; nevertheless infected chicken could still be treated effectively with antimicrobials.
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Judul: Konsep Taman Rumah Adat Bagas Godang Berbasis Budaya Mandailing, Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Sumatera Utara.
Abstrak: Kekayaan suatu bangsa tidak terbatas pada kekayaan sumber daya alamnya akan tetapi juga kekayaan budayanya. Taman rumah tradisional merupakan salah satu kekayaan budaya di Indonesia yang dapat menjadi identitas dari suatu budaya tersebut. Budaya Mandailing sudah dikenal sejak abad ke-14 M. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan penyebutan nama Mandailing di kitab Negara Kertagama, karangan Mpu Prapanca. Budaya Mandailing awalnya banyak dipengaruhi oleh kepercayaan animisme dan dinamisme yang disebut sipelebegu. Kemudian perkembangan selanjutnya budaya Mandailing bersinggungan dengan Hindu- Budha. Akan tetapi Islam membawa pengaruh yang sangat besar terhadap budaya Mandailing. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan adanya filosofi hombar do adat dohot ibadat yaitu adat tidak boleh bertentangan dengan agama. Dalihan Natolu merupakan konsep kekerabatan yang banyak mempengaruhi nilai-nilai kehidupan masyarakat Mandailing. Konsep Dalihan Natolu menjadi konsep dasar yang mempengaruhi pola permukiman adat Mandailing. Dalihan Natolu terdiri dari mora, anak boru, dan kahanggi. Hubungan antara ketiga komponen ini menentukan jarak antar rumah di permukiman adat. Suatu permukiman terdapat Rumah tinggal yang merupakan landmark dari berdirinya suatu permukiman. Rumah tinggal ini disebut Bagas Godang. Bagas Godang bagi masyarakat Mandailing bukan hanya sebagai rumah tinggal seorang raja atau tunggani huta. Godang bermakna sebagai rumah bagi seluruh marga di huta adat tersebut. Bagi masyarakat Mandailing raja tidak hanya berperan sebagai penguasa huta adat, akan tetapi mereka adalah orang yang dituakan yang dapat menyelesaikan berbagai masalah di permukiman adat tersebut. Komplek Bagas Godang terdiri dari Bagas Godang atau kediaman raja, Sopo Godang yaitu tempat peyimpanan instrument alat music dan musyawarah, serta biasanya memiliki Sopo Eme atau lumbung padi, serta Alaman Bolak Selangseutang merupakan halaman.
Keyword: Bagas Godang, taman vernakuler, desain taman, taman tradisional, rumah tinggal