Judul: Viabilitas Formula Konsorsium Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat dan Penambat Nitrogen dalam Talek Sebagai Bahan Pembawa
Abstrak: Pupuk hayati dalam bentuk konsorsium bakteri dalam bahan pembawa tertentu lebih efektif dalam memacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Dua isolat bakteri pelarut fosfat dan dua isolat bakteri penambat nitrogen telah diuji kemampuannya dalam melarutkan fosfat dan menambat nitrogen, serta diuji antagonismenya antar isolat. Hasil uji secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa keempat isolat tidak bersifat antagonis satu sama lainnya. Isolat terpilih dari hasil uji pelarutan fosfat dan penambatan nitrogen, yaitu Serratia marcescens KAHN 15.12 dan Pseudomonas luteola A13 digunakan sebagai konsorsium bakteri dalam pembuatan formula. Pembuatan formula bakteri menggunakan bahan pembawa yaitu talek dengan penambahan CaCO3 dan Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Uji viabilitas formula menunjukkan terjadinya penurunan jumlah sel bakteri setelah 2 bulan penyimpanan. Jumlah sel pada formula konsorsium KAHN 15.12 dan A13 turun sebesar 27%, tetapi masih menunjukkan kemampuan dalam melarutkan fosfat dan menambat nitrogen.
Keyword: Phosphate-solubizing bacteria, nitrogen-fixing bacteria

Judul: Biofertilizer Consortium Formulation and Its Application on Corn Plants.
Abstrak: Pupuk hayati merupakan pupuk yang mengandung mikrob hidup yang dapat membantu penyediaan unsur hara yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji formula pupuk hayati yang berisi konsorsium bakteri non-aktinomiset, cendawan, dan aktinomiset terpilih dengan bahan pembawa cair, berdasarkan kestabilan viabilitas sel mikrob, dan aplikasinya pada tanaman jagung. Uji efektivitas terhadap tanaman jagung dilakukan di rumah kaca menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok satu faktor antara kombinasi dosis pupuk N, P, K dan pupuk hayati dengan tiga ulangan. Isolat yang digunakan yaitu Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.12, Lactobacillus plantarum IN05, Rhizobium sp. R1KG, Sacharomyces cerevisiae L1, Streptomyces sp. A4J, dan Trichoderma sp. T2J yang dikonsorsiumkan dengan bahan pembawa cair. Formula pupuk hayati disimpan selama 8 minggu dan dilakukan uji viabilitas setiap satu bulan selama penyimpanan. Hasil uji menunjukkan viabilitas mikrob menurun setelah disimpan selama delapan minggu dan penurunan paling tinggi pada Streptomyces sp. Aplikasi formula konsorsium pupuk hayati memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap panjang akar, diameter batang, bobot kering tajuk, bobot tongkol berkelobot, dan bobot biji tongkol. Pemberian formulasi konsorsium hayati kombinasi perlakuan P1M2 (kombinasi 50% pupuk N, P, K dan 100% formulasi pupuk hayati) dapat mengurangi penggunaan N, P, K sebanyak 50% dari dosis rekomendasi., Biofertilizer is a fertilizer that contains live microbes that help the plants to obtain nutrients needed for growth and development. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of a biofertilizer formula containing a consortium of selected bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes with liquid carrier materials to maize based on the stability of microbial cell viability and its application. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized block design with one-factor which consisted of a combination of N, P, and K fertilizers and biological fertilizers with three replications. The isolates used in thus experiment were Bacillus thuringiensis SAHA 12.12, Lactobacillus plantarum IN05, Rhizobium sp. R1KG, Saccharomyces cerevisiae L1, Streptomyces sp. A4J, and Trichoderma sp. T2J which were combined as a consortium with liquid carrier material. The formula was stored during 8 weeks, and every weeks was analyzed to observed its viability. The results showed that microbial viability decreased after being stored for eight weeks and the highest decrease was shown by Streptomyces sp. The biofertilizer consortium formula applied to corn significantly influenced the growth and production, including root length, stem diameter, crown dry weight, husk cobs, and cob seed weight. Biological consortium formulations PIM2 can reduce N, P, and K application up to 50% of the recommended dose.
Keyword: aktinomiset, Bacillus, Jagung, Pupuk hayati, Viabilitas

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite