Judul: The income distribution and employment in desa Sumberejo, kecamatan Pandaan kabupaten Pasuruan
Abstrak: The overall objectives of the study were to know about the effect of economic growth on income distribution. The specific objectives of this study were: to measure the distribution of income and employment for all rural socio-economic groups in a given area; to identify the socio-economic factors which determine the rate of income based on employment done by various rural socio-economic groups, and to provide possible policy implication resulting from the analysis. To measure the various sources of income and employ- ment among the socio-economic groups the focus of this study was the village of sumberejo, in Kecamatan Pandaan, Kabupaten Pasuruan. Two surveys were undertaken to measure household's income, the first survey was taken in June 1976 and the second survey in October 1976. The sample was taken on all job activities by way of a proportional stratified random sampling. The 170 house- holds sample were divided into 10 categories of job activities. Data was collected for all sources of income including both agricultural and non agricultural sources. In the agregate, the non-agricultural sources of income are relatively important for the agricultural households. Total income from agriculture and non agriculture indicate that the production of paddy was the most important source of income (63.9%), followed by income from non agricultural sources (26.4%). The source of income from other activities within agriculture is the third most important source if income (7.8%), with other crop being the least important source of income (2%). The comparison between income sources from agriculture and non agricultural sources in total income from all sources shows that agricultural activities income is higher (56.3%), than the latter (47.3%). The largest proportion of both number employed and number of working hours occured for the group employed as a combination farmer/industrial laborer. Even though the total number employed as farmers was highest (22%), the total employment in farming as measured by the number of working hours, was relatively low (7.5%). In contrast the industrial laborers, who accounted for 9.7 percent of the total number employed, had 19.1 percent of the total number of working hours. The calculation of the average working hours shows that the dst…
Keyword: 

Judul: Tinjauan keadaan sosial ekonomi pemukim peladang berpindah
Abstrak: Kredit sangat penting dalam proses produksi pertanian. Terlebih lagi, sebagian besar petani di Indonesia kekurangan modal untuk usahatani. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Sukabumi karena daerah ini relatif dekat dengan pusat kegiatan ekonomi (Jakarta), mata pencaharian terbesar penduduk dan prosentase terbesar dari PDRB adalah sektor perta- nian. Penentuan Kecamatan Sukaraja karena dalam catatan terakhir (Nopember 1992) Kupedes pertaniannya terbesar dibandingkan dengan BRI Unit se-Kabupaten Sukabumi. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebagai responden sebanyak 35 orang dari keseluruhan nasabah Kupedes sektor pertanian di Sukaraja. Dalam penelitian dipergunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer dari responden dan petugas BRI Unit Sukaraja. Data sekunder dari BRI baik tingkat pusat, Wilayah Jawa Barat, Cabang Sukabumi, maupun Unit Sukaraja, juga arsip keadaan umum Sukabumi, serta tulisan yang berkaitan. Cara menganalisa data yang diperoleh dengan tabulasi sederhana dan analisis statistik. Tabulasi sederhana untuk mengetahui besarnya penggunaan Kupedes untuk pertanian dibandingkan dengan sektor lainnya, mengkaji penggunaan Kupedes pertanian yang diterima, dan untuk mengetahui tujuan peminjam Kupedes pertanian serta profil sosial ekonominya. Sedangkan analisis ekonometrik dilakukan dengan menggunakan model "linier berganda". Ini untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan nasabah Kupedes pertanian. Penyaluran Kupedes untuk sektor pertanian di seluruh Indonesia, dari tahun 1984 sampai 1991 berkisar antara 12,05 sampai 28,28 persen. Persentasenya peningkatan Kupedes pertanian yang terbesar, jika dibanding- kan dengan sektor lain terjadi tahun 1985. Tetapi jika dilihat realisasi yang disalurkan maka peningkatan yang terbesar pada tahun 1990. Di Kecamatan Sukaraja, penyaluran Kupedes sektor pertanian pada tahun 1988 sampai 1992, berkisar antara 2,91 sampai 32,67 persen. Pada tahun 1988 sampai 1989, Kupedes sektor pertanian relatif kecil dibandingkan dengan sektor lainnya. Tetapi sejak tahun 1990 agak berimbang, walaupun seharusnya lebih besar lagi jika dilihat dari PDRB dan mata pencaharian terbesar dari penduduk Sukaraja…dst
Keyword: 

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
Keyword: