Judul: Farming Costs and Factors Affecting Rice Production in West Java
Abstrak: One of the largest rice producing regions in Indonesia is West Java province as a production center. However, there is a problem with rice productivity in West Java which has decreased over the last five years before the pandemic. The decline in productivity is thought to be due to ineffective use of production inputs. The aim of this research is to analyze farming costs and what factors influence rice production in West Java. Production inputs that are thought to influence rice production are land area, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, liquid pesticides, and type of rice seed. The analysis used is descriptive analysis to analyze rice farming costs and quantitative analysis to analyze the relationship between production input and output using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results of the research show that the total costs incurred in Ciherang and IR-64 rice farming were Rp12.919.351 and Rp8.870.847 respectively. The input factors of land area, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, liquid pesticide, and type of rice seed together have a significant effect on rice production in West Java, but partially only the input of land area, amount of urea fertilizer, and type of rice seed have a significant effect. on rice production in West Java., One of the largest rice producing regions in Indonesia is West Java province as a production center. However, there is a problem with rice productivity in West Java which has decreased over the last five years before the pandemic. The decline in productivity is thought to be due to ineffective use of production inputs. The aim of this research is to analyze farming costs and what factors influence rice production in West Java. Production inputs that are thought to influence rice production are land area, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, liquid pesticides, and type of rice seed. The analysis used is descriptive analysis to analyze rice farming costs and quantitative analysis to analyze the relationship between production input and output using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results of the research show that the total costs incurred in Ciherang and IR-64 rice farming were Rp12.919.351 and Rp8.870.847 respectively. The input factors of land area, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, liquid pesticide, and type of rice seed together have a significant effect on rice production in West Java, but partially only the input of land area, amount of urea fertilizer, and type of rice seed have a significant effect. on rice production in West Java
Keyword: farming costs, function production, Ciherang, IR-64

Judul: Analysis of Rice Farming Income and Technical Efficiency (Case Study of Warungkondang Sub-District, Cianjur Regency and Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency)
Abstrak: Kecamatan Warungkondang dan Cibungbulang memiliki potensi lahan yang luas untuk ditanami padi, namun produksi padi rendah. Peningkatan produksi padi menjadi hal yang sangat penting mengingat pertumbuhan penduduk meningkat setiap tahun sehingga kebutuhan terhadap padi sebagai sumber pangan meningkat. Jumlah produksi yang lebih banyak akan meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Produksi padi yang tinggi belum tentu menunjukkan proses produksi yang efisien. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis pedapatan usahatani padi, (2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi padi, dan (3) menganalisis efisiensi teknis usahatani padi di Kecamatan Warungkodang dan Cibungbulang. Pendapatan usahatani padi akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis penndapatan dan R/C Ratio. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi padi akan dianalisis dengan analisis linear berganda. Efisiensi teknis usahatani padi akan dianaisis menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa R/C ratio petani Kecamatan Warungkondang dengan luas lahan sempit dan luas adalah 1,20 dan 1,30 dan petani padi Kecamatan Cibungbulang yang memiliki lahan sempit dan luas memiliki nilai R/C ratio adalah 1,10 dan 1,12. Pada kedua kecamatan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi usahatani adalah jumlah benih dan tenaga kerja. Kecamatan Warungkondang dan Cibungbulang memiliki nilai efisiensi teknis sebesar 0,86 dan 0,65. Faktor inefisiensi Kecamatan Warungkondang adalah pendidikan petani dan pada Kecamatan Cibungbulang adalah pedidikan dan tanggungan keluarga., Warungkondang and Cibungbulang Sub-District have potentially spacious land to be planted by rice, however their rice production are low. Increasing rice production become important considering there’s increasing population every year. Efficient rice farmers will produce more rice than others who don’t efficient. That is why the purposes of this study are: (1) to analyze income of rice farming, (2) to identify the factors that influence the production of rice, (3) to analyze the technical efficiency of rice farming in Warungkondang and Cibungbulang Sub-District. The method for income analysis is R/C ratio. The factors that influence rice production will be analyzied with Ordinary Least Square. Technical efficiency will be analyzed with Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The results of this study showed that rice farmers of Warungkondang Sub-District with narrow land and wide land R/C ratio are 1,20 and 1,30 and rice farmers of Cibungbulang Sub-District with land narrow wide R/C ratio are 1,10 and 1,12. The factors that influence rice production in both SubDistrict are seed and labor. Warungkondang and Cibungbulang Sub-District efficiency values are 0,86 and 0,65. Factors that influence technical inefficiency in Warungkondang Sub-District are farmers’ education and for Cibungbulang SubDistrict are farmers’ education and family members.
Keyword: ordinary least square, productivity factors, inefficiency, R/C ratio, Stochastic Frontier Analysis

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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