Judul: Dampak Pertambangan Nikel Terhadap Sosial – Ekonomi – Ekologi Masyarakat di Kecamatan Wasile Kabupaten Halmahera Timur
Abstrak: Wasile, one of the East Halmahera district contained nickel mining, and a great influence on the social, economic and environmental life of the community. Thus this study refers to the theory and previous studies, researchers tried to base it on a frame of mind that the Sustainability of social, economic society strongly influenced by; carrying capacity of the environment, natural resources, human resources, facilities and infrastructure, the financial, social and cultural rights. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of nickel mining on socio - economic - ecological communities in the sub District Wasile, East Halmahera. The research center is a sample of 2 (two) villages that are near and far away from the mining of nickel, the village of Batu Raja (near the village) and Subaim Desa (village far). By sampling in this study consisted of local people to be around and who are far away from the nickel mining company, yet to feel the impact of the mining question. The number of samples taken from the respondents ie 80 people consisting of 40 people from each village who are near and far away from the mine site consisting of local people actively working. Direct Observation Field Interviews In-depth interviews using questionnaires Change in Productivity analysis or can be referred to as the Productivity method, Chi-square analysis, and SWOT. Based on the results of mining in the region contribute to the local economy are significant in terms of: (a) regional Revenue, (b) Expansion of employment opportunities, (c) Reduction of unemployment in the area. But the social and ecological impact is not profitable to society. The formulation of the proposed policy are: (1) there was no issuance of new licenses. The hold and maintain the position of the SWOT analysis, meaning that the company's existing nickel can be allowed to continue operations, but the company must pay attention to social and ecological impacts that adversely affect local communities and the environment. Suggestions policies proposed by this research is to increase CSR schemes to improve the adverse effects of mining companies operating in the fields of social and ecological.
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Judul: Perencanaan Penggunaan Lahan Pascatambang Nikel untuk Mendukung Pengembangan Wilayah di Kabupaten Halmahera
Abstrak: Regional development is applied through the optimization of utilization available resources in harmony and integrated through comprehensive approach. To achieve optimal results in the regional development, it requires a spatial planning, namely a process starting from preparation of spatial plan to allocate natural resources and artificial resources optimally. East Halmahera is one of the regency in North Maluku Province with great potential of mineral resources, namely nickel. However, the available mineral resources have not provided a significant impact on community living environment. The utilization of natural resources becomes one of the goals by the government of East Halmahera Regency to improve the regional economy. Management of natural resources (mining nickel) has been started before this region expanded, precisely in 1997 when exploitation of nickel mine conducted by PT. Aneka Tambang (Persero) Tbk. Since that, vegetation of land use/cover decreases with the mining activities and agricultural production of each sub-district is disturbed. Mining activities could have an impact to environment such as vegetation changes, topography disturbed, and others. Around mining areas endangered, if not reclaimed. In 2012 the local government has issued the lisence of mining as many as 44, namely 12 in the exploitation stage, and 32 in exploration stage. This research aims to utilize ex-nickel mining land for support regional growth. Several analytical approaches are implemented such as: analysis and prediction of land use/cover changes; evaluation of regional growth rate of GDP data and identification of leading commodity of each sub-district; make direction land use planning of ex-nickel mining. The land use/cover was generated trough utilizing of Landsat ETM-7 (medium resolution). Land use/cover changes were analyzed using the transition matrix. Land use/cover simulation used Marcov Chain model to predict land use/cover based on estimate year. Trends of regional growth were analysed using two paramaters, namely GDP and leading commodity (amount of agricultural production). GDP was utilized to view the regional economic growth every year, period of 2000-2010. Location Quotient (LQ), Localization Index (Li), and Specialization Index (Si) were used to find out leading commodity of each sub-district. Direction of ex-nickel mining land is based on the synthesis from the purpose 1 and 2 considering the spatial function of East Halmahera Regency. The data of land use/cover types of mine openings and settlement had increased area since 2004-2012. Forest types, mixed farms, paddy field, and moor/bush/shrub had decreased area due to be converted into mine openings and settlement. The simulate of land use/cover in 2020 illustrated the extending of mine openings and settlement, that concentrated in the central part of the administrative area in East Halmahera Regency, namely Wasile sub-district, South Wasile sub-district, Maba sub-district, and Maba city sub-district. The types of land use/cover of forest, mixed garden, paddy fields, and moor/bush/shrub has decreased in the area. The trend of regional economic growth has been rising from year to year. The average increased 0.8% since 2000-2010, but the increase was fairly low, so it could not have contributed to regional growth. Potential of base commodity for paddy field was indicated in Wasile sub-district, East Wasile sub-district, and Middle Wasile sub-district. Secondary crops
Keyword: Land Use Planning, Ex-Nickel Mining Land, Base Commodity, Regional Economic Development

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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