Judul: Energi Metabolis dan Organ Pencernaan Broiler Diberi Pakan Taraf Protein Berbeda dengan Perlakuan Enzim Protease.
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh penambahan enzim protease pada pakan ayam broiler dengan taraf Protein Kasar (PK) yang berbeda terhadap nilai Energi Metabolis (EM) dan ukuran organ pencernaan. Ternak yang digunakan adalah ayam broiler jantan yang dipelihara sejak Day Old Chick (DOC) hingga umur 25 hari strain Lohmann sebanyak 24 ekor. Penelitian yang dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL Faktorial) 2x2x3 dengan jumlah ternak yang digunakan untuk pengukuran energi metabolisme dan ukuran organ pencernaan sebanyak 24 ekor dan untuk pengukuran endogenous sebanyak 4 ekor. Dua puluh empat ekor ternak dibagi ke dalam 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 2 ekor ayam sebagai sampel. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini adalah P1E0 (Pakan taraf PK 22% dan EM 3094.95 kkal kg-1 )), P1E1 (Pakan P1E0 + enzim protease), P2E0 (Pakan taraf PK 19.5% dan EM 3091.15 kkal kg-1), P2E1 (Pakan P2E0 + enzim protease). Penambahan enzim protease pada pakan ayam broiler baik pada level PK 22% dan PK 19.5% meningkatkan nilai energi metabolis. Level PK 22% memiliki nilai energi metabolis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan pada PK 19.5%. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa penambahan enzim pada ransum basal PK 22% maupun PK 19.5% tidak berpengaruh terhadap ukuran berat organ pencernaan. Penambahan enzim dapat mengurangi (P<0.05) panjang relatif jejunum. Level protein yang berbeda mempengaruhi panjang relatif duodenum dan illeum yaitu pada level PK 22% menunjukkan hasil yang lebih pendek (P<0.05) dibandingkan level 19.5%. Tidak ada interaksi antara pemberian enzim dan level protein yang berbeda.
Keyword: energi metabolis, enzim protease, organ pencernaan, penyakit pencernaan

Judul: Energi Metabolis dan Organ Pencernaan Broiler Diberi Pakan Mengandung Kacang Koro Pedang (Canavalia ensiformis) Taraf Protein Berbeda dan Penambahan Enzim Protease.
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemberian pakan mengandung kacang koro pedang (Canavalia ensiformis) dengan penambahan enzim protease pada pakan broiler dengan taraf protein yang berbeda terhadap nilai Energi Metabolis (EM) dan ukuran organ pencernaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RAL Faktorial) 2x2 dengan 3 ulangan. Jumlah ayam yang digunakan sebanyak 28 ekor yang terdiri dari 24 ekor untuk mengukur energi metabolis dan organ pencernaan serta 4 ekor untuk mengukur endogenous. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1E0 (Pakan koro taraf PK 22% dan EM 3095.07 kkal kg-1), P1E1 (Pakan P1E0 + enzim protease), P2E0 (Pakan koro taraf PK 19.5% dan EM 3091,17 kkal kg-1), P2E1 (Pakan P2E0 + enzim protease). Hasil analisis data deskriptif menunjukkan bahwa enzim protease pada pakan mengandung kacang koro pedang baik pada taraf PK 22% dan PK 19.5% meningkatkan nilai energi metabolis. Taraf PK 22% memiliki nilai energi metabolis yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan PK 19.5%. Hasil analisis data sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa penambahan enzim pada pakan koro PK 22% maupun PK 19.5% tidak berpengaruh terhadap ukuran berat organ pencernaan. Penambahan enzim dapat mengurangi (P<0.05) panjang relatif jejunum. Panjang relatif jejunum pada taraf PK 22% nyata lebih pendek dibandingkan taraf 19.5%. Tidak ada interaksi antara pemberian enzim dan taraf protein yang berbeda.
Keyword: energi metabolis, enzim protease, kacang koro pedang, organ pencernaan

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite