Judul: Modelling of sustainable transportation management at the periphery of metropolitan cities
Abstrak: Development of Metropolitan cities has a great impact on transportation growth not only in the inner cities but also between the peripheries, where most of housing built, and the center of the cities. This transportation growth especially caused by commuters, who live in the peripheries but go to works to the center of the cities. This research is aimed to make a model of transportation management from housing area in the periphery of a metropolitan city, in the northern area of Metropolitan Bandung, considered trip generation and trip attraction caused by the presence of housing settlements, Setiabudi Regency, Graha Puspa and Trinity, examined the perception of inhabitants which are also the trip makers and after that, made a model of transport management with sustainable transportation principles that means to reduce the possibility of traffic congestion, air pollution, and traffic noise in the future. In the beginning, the researcher took primary data like trip generation and trip attraction from the housing access road at the research time. With the secondary data collected from the previous researchers the structure of the transportation management model was made. It can be seen that in the model structure built, the model behaviour describes prediction of road saturation grade, vehicles maximum speed and air pollution that might be generated in the future (in this research until year of 2040). The research of society perception, using Principal Component Analysis (statistics analysis), has got two groups of output, the first was the improvement of access road infrastructure with improving the road capacity, the second is improvement of the media of transportation with reducing vehicles emission and also improving the quality and quantity of public transportation. Using system dynamics modelling, the society perception was cultivated to make 5 transport policy alternatives those were : 1).policy in transportation without any change, 2).policy in public transport quality and quantity improvements, 3).policy in reducing the life tme of private vehicles 4). policy in improving the real capacity of roads, 5).policy in improving public transport quality combined with reducing the life time of private vehicles. The last four policies were combined with policy in reducing air pollution, because the policy in reducing air pollution was the major policy choice by the society. Model simulation showed that the most effective policies in transportation to achieve a sustainable transportation management was the 5th policy alternative: improving quality and quantity of public transport combined with reducing the lifetime of private vehicles and reducing air pollution.
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Judul: Dynamic model of motor vehicle emissions control in Makassar
Abstrak: Makassar as a metropolitan has currently is facing the problem of rapid growth of the number of vehicle, which caused traffic jam and decrease of air quality as the result of vehicle emissions. The analysis of emission load, ambient concentration level, ambient air pollution index, estimates of social and economic impacts of pollution and scenario implementation are needed as the main goal of the research to determine the appropriate strategy of air pollution control in Makassar. The model developed in this research is consist of six steps of analysis: (1) needs analysis, (2) formulation of the problem, (3) identification of the system, (4) modeling system, (4) validation, and (6) scenario implementation. The data was collected by using a survey method such as field observations and measurements, in-depth interviews and documentation. The model simulations showed that in the early years of simulation (2011), ambient concentration value of CO, NO2, SO2 dan PM10 are still below the air quality standard. Whereas, at the end of the simulation (2026), pollutants which mostly has reached the air quality standard. The standard index of air pollutans of the entire parameters are good to medium category. The total number of cases of health problems based on dose-response analysis in 2011 to 2026 has reached 23 million cases with the economic value up to 1.5 trillion Rupiah. Application of the model scenarios such as busway, fuel gas, and combined scenarios can reduce ambient concentration level about 7.77 to 156.49 percent.
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Judul: Isolasi komponen hemotoksin bisa ular kobra (Naja naja sputatrix)
Abstrak: Elisa ular adalah racun yang diproduksi oleh kelenjar bisa dan digunakan ular untuk mempertahankan dinat mencari mangsa. Bisa ini merupakan campuran dari berbagai komponen. Enzim adalah kompoth utama selain air. Enzim pada bisa ular sangat beragam jenis dan fungsinya. Fosfolipase dan arginin ipadase adalah enzim yang sering terdapat dalam bisa ular dan telah digunakan pada penanganan penyak seperti trombosis Penttian ini bertujuan mengisolasi komponen dari bisa ular kobra dan mengujinya menggunakan sel darah merah sapi 4% untuk aktivitas hemolisis dan bekuan fibrin sapi untuk aktivitas fibrinolisis. Uji aktivitas dilakukan terhadap ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom bisa ular. Fraksi kolom diperoleh dari pemurutan ekstrak kasar menggunakan kromatografi filtrasi gel (Sephadex G-75) untuk memperoleh fraksa paksu dengan serapan tertinggi pada A. 280 nm. Ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom dengan serapan tertinggi dilakukan pengukuran kandungan protein, Fraksi aktif hasil uji aktivitas selanjutnya ditentukan berat molekulnya (BM) dengan elektroforesis SDS PAGE. Basaglar kobra merupakan cairan pekat berwarna kuning dengan kadar air 71.45%. Dari hasil uji aktivitas diperoleh bisa ular hanya memiliki aktivitas hemolisis sel darah merah sapi secara langsung. Aktivitas ini ditunjukkan oleh fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 tetapi tidak dalam ekstrak kasar. Penurunan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar tidak mempengaruhi terhadap adanya aktivitas hemolisis. Hal ini diduga karena mungkin terdapat inhibitor dalam ekstrak kasar bisa. Inhibitor memiliki BM yang berbeda dengan enzim hemalisis sehingga dapat dipisahkan menggunakan filtrasi gel. Berdasarkan hasil elektroforesis diperolch enzim bemolisis terdapat dalam ekstrak kasar dan tersebar pada fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 dengan BM sekitar 27300 Da
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