Judul: Karakteristik Karkas dan Non Karkas Kambing Kacang dan Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) pada Bobot Lepas Sapih.
Abstrak: This study was conducted to evaluate carcass and non carcass characteristics of 27 Kacang goats and 16 Etawah crossbreed goats (Peranakan Etawah, PE) at post-weaning body weight (average 10.04 kg). The data were analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with Slaughter Weight (SLW) and half carcass side as covariable. The results showed that PE goats had very significantly (P<0.01) higher in SLW, non carcass weight and percentages (based on SLW), while their Empty Body Weight (EBW) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than Kacang goats. PE goats had higher (P<0.01) percentages (based on EBW) of tail, vesica urinaria, and intestinal tract. PE goats also had higher (P<0.05) blood, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract percentages, whereas percentages of omental fat (P<0.05) and genitals (P<0.01) were greater for Kacang goats. There were no differences observed in percentages of muscle, fat and bone of carcass components between breeds, but PE goats had very significantly (P<0.01) higher percentages of connective tissue than Kacang goats. PE goats had higher proportion of leg (P<0.01), but Kacang goat had significantly higher (P<0.01) proportion of loin, rack and breast. Evaluation on carcass and non carcass characteristics of Kacang goats and PE goats which slaughtered at post-weaning body weight resulted differences on non carcass characteristics, carcass compositions and tissue distributions of commersial cuts.
Keyword: post-weaning, PE goats, non carcass, kacang goat, carcass

Judul: Karakteristik Karkas dan Non Karkas Kambing Kacang dan Kambing Peranakan Etawah pada Bobot Potong 17 kg
Abstrak: Sebanyak 36 ekor kambing lokal jantan yang terdiri dari 26 ekor kambing kacang dan 10 ekor kambing peranakan etawah (PE) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik karkas dan non karkas pada bobot potong rata-rata 17 kg. Data karkas dan non karkas dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Bobot potong dan bobot karkas kiri kambing digunakan sebagai covariable. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bobot potong, bobot tubuh kosong, bobot dan persentase karkas kambing kacang sangat nyata lebih tinggi (P<0.01) dibandingkan dengan kambing PE. Ada perbedaan signifikan pada komponen non karkas yaitu kepala, kulit, kaki, darah, lemak omental, jantung, kantung kemih, ginjal, dan jeroan hijau. Hasil analisis menunjukkan kambing PE memiliki persentase tulang dan jaringan ikat sangat nyata lebih tinggi (P<0.01) dan persentase lemak karkas yang lebih rendah (P<0.05) dibandingkan kambing kacang. Secara umum, kambing kacang dan kambing PE yang disembelih pada bobot potong rataan 17 kg menghasilkan masing-masing persentase karkas 41.02% dan 34.31% dan persentase non karkas 33.81% dan 32.61%
Keyword: breeds, carcass, local goat, non carcass

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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