Judul: Uji Performansi Alat Perata Tanah Sistem Laser (Laser Based Land Leveler)
Abstrak: There are two ways to increase the agricultural productivity, agricultural intensification and agricultural extensification. Agricultural extensification is difficult to apply due to the decrease of agricultural areas today. Then the agricultural intensification is used. Application of laser land leveling with the aim to conserve irrigation water could be proposed. However, the application of laser land leveling is a new practical field work in Indonesia. Therefore, it necessary to evaluate performance of the laser based land lever according to the condition of land in Indonesia. Laser land leveling have five basic components, there are scraper, laser transmitter, laser receiver, tool box and hydraulic systems. The methodology used was to compare three methods after secondary tillage before land leveling process to get the most efficient and effective. The methods are vertical-horizontal method, diagonal method and zig-zag method. The principle of laser land leveling are light pulse which is emitted by Leica Rugby 100LR (laser transmitter) will be accepted by MLS Laser Sensor 700 (laser receiver). Then light pulse will be processed by the Control Panel MCP 700 (tool box) to command the solenoid valve that will regulate hydraulic pressure to raise or lower the scraper. Data was processed using surfer.9 which will show the shape of land surface relief. The best tillage method to be applied in land leveling process was zig-zag method. In the zig-zag method first loop, with 0.83 hours of work earned effective field capacity (KLE) 0.15 ha / hour and the capacity of removal soil was 21.57 m3. The value of elevation expectation was 14.5 cm, with value of standard deviation 0.38 and the upper limit of allowable elevation 15.8 cm. The cost of laser land leveling was Rp. 1 060 000/ha.
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Judul: Pengujian Respon Sistem Laser Grader pada beberapa Profil Permukaan Tanah dan Tekanan Hidrolik
Abstrak: Land leveling is done to improve water use efficiency and water productivity. Land leveling operations in Indonesia are still done using conventional means, that is time-consuming and less precise. Laser land leveling operations can perform extremely well according to the desired accuracy in agricultural or non-agricultural land. Laser grader performance can be examined from the response of the system when leveling the land. Response of the system can be measured by cut and fill operation of the blade grader on some ground unevenness shape. Measurement of the ground profile was done before and after leveling to determine elevation smoothness during land leveling operations. Laser Grader systems response was influenced by several factors such as soil profile, tractor hydraulic working pressure, the slope of the ground, drag buckets tensile load, and the moisture condition of the soil. The quick response of drag buckets against an unevenness was achieved by high hydraulic working pressure. Drag buckets will be easier to level the ground with a relatively uniform slope profile and ramps. Dry-land conditions make the process of land leveling more easier.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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