Judul: Effective water harvesting for soil moisture Management on upland farming
Abstrak: Air termasuk faktor produksi yang vital bagi tanaman sehingga untuk mencapai produksi tanaman yang optimal harus dijamin penyediaan airnya. Pada usahatani lahan kering, pengelolaan dan penyediaan air tergantung waktu dan curah hujan. Distribusi hujan yang tidak menentu dan tidak merata sepanjang tahun merupakan kendala dalam perencanaan dan pengembangan usahatani lahan kering. Air hujan yang jatuh di areal lahan kering harus dikelola agar semaksimal mungkin dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman yang ada di permukaan lahan tersebut. Bagian air hujan yang mengalir di permukaan tanah (runoff) harus dikendalikan dan dikelola agar lebih banyak yang masuk ke dalam tanah.
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Judul: Analisis kelayakan finansial penerapan modifikasi sistem microcatchment pada usahatani lahan kering
Abstrak: Air hujan merupakan satu-satunya sumber air yang sangat diperlukan pada pertanian lahan kering. Air hujan pada lahan kering yang tidak terkontrol akan menimbulkan masalah degradasi lahan karena tingginya tingkat erosi dan aliran permukaan. Untuk itu perlu adanya teknologi tepat guna yang secara efektif mampu meresapkan dan menyimpan air hujan sebagai surnber air sekaligus mencegah terjadinya degradasi lahan yang diakibatkan oleh jatuhnya air hujan. Salah satu teknologi yang diharapkan mampu memanfaatkan air hujan dan mengendalikan aliran permukaan adalah sistem microcatchment. Microcatchment dapat dibatasi dengan membuat saluran dan guludan, serta dapat dimodifikasi dengan pemberian mulsa vertikal untuk lebih mengefektiflcan jumlah aliran permukaan yang tertampung dan diresapkan. Setiap penerapan teknologi termasuk modifikasi sistem microcatchment memerlukan pengujian secara finansial untuk menentukan layak tidaknya teknologi tersebut diterapkan.
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Judul: The isolation and molecular identification of papillomavirus in macaca fascicularis and macaca nemestrina at animal facility of primate research centre – Bogor Agricultural University.
Abstrak: Cervical cancer is still regarded as a major cause of death in women world wide, hence research on papilloma viruses, their drugs and vaccines for the prevention are still continued. Papilloma virus is a DNA virus of the family papillomaviridae. Papilloma virions have no sheath, the diameter of 55 nm, and icosahedral capsid. The virus multiplies in the cell nucleus and causes chronic latent infection. The virus genome has a circular form, 8 kbp in length with 8 open reading frames. The genome is divided into early (E) and late (L) genes. The E gen synthesizes 6 E proteins, namely E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7, which are linked into the process of viral replication and oncogenes. Meanwhile, the L gene synthesizes 2 proteins, the L1 and L2, which are related to the formation of the capsid (Hakim 2010). In order to obtain the best result of the cancer research, it is highly requested to obtain appropriate animal model that reflect aspects of human disease. Non-human primates have high similarity with humans, both in terms of the evolution of the genetic, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and organ systems, as well as in cancer genes. Non-human primates of the genus Macaca is a genus with the highest distribution worldwide, from Japan to Afghanistan. So far, there are 22 species are included in the genus Macaca. Originally rhesus monkeys or M. mulatta are widely used for biomedical research, but since the Indian government imposed a ban on importing these animals, then Macaca fascicularis (Long-tailed Macaque, cynomolgus) and Macaca nemestrina (Pig-tailed Macaque), which has high population in Southeast Asia, began to be used as research animal. Various medical aspects related to both species are commonly studied by many researchers as an animal model for human diseases. This study is using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and nucleotide tracking to identify papillomavirus tipes that infect the genital tract of Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina, which is kept in breeding facilities of Primate Research Center, IPB. The analysis of nucleotide sequences were performed using the Clustal W 2.1 and 5.1 Mega program. The establishment of phylogenetic tree using neighbor joining with 1000 times bootstrap repetition. The results showed that the papillomavirus that infect Macaca fascicularis was 32.7% (78/238) and Macaca nemestrina 12% (4/31). Both species were infected by Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus (MfPV) tipe 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9, belongs to the genus Alpha papillomavirus with homology of 80 - 100%. Papilloma virus that infected the pig-tailed macaque was the same tipe of papillomavirus that infected the cynomolgus with similarity between 82% - 99% based on L1 region. To further explain the tipes of papilloma viruses that infected the pig-tailed macaque, it is necessary to identify the entire genome of the virus. To determine the tipe of the virus, it requires the identification of a more complete nucleotide sequence. It is interesting because papillomavirus that infected the pigtail macaques has 76% homology with the HPV tipe 52. This is the first report on the incidence of papillomavirus infection in the pigtail macaque genome that further analysis
Keyword: Papillomavirus, cervic cancer, animal model, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina