Judul: Formulasi Produk Susu Fermentasi Kering dengan Penambahan Bakteri Probiotik Lactobacillus casei dan Bifidobacterium longum
Abstrak: Kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya kesehatan telah meningkat sehingga masyarakat mulai memilih bahan makanan yang benar-benar bermanfaat bagi kesehatan dirinya. Hal tersebut mendorong berkembangnya riset mengenai makanan dan minuman yang mempunyai efek menyehatkan termasuk pangan fungsional yang berasal dari ternak. Makanan yang mengandung probiotik selain mempunyai fungsi gizi yang baik, terbukti pula dapat memberi manfaat kesehatan dan terapeutik serta bisa dijadikan antibiotik untuk menekan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen. Pembuatan produk susu fermentasi kering dengan penambahan probiotik merupakan teknologi yang masih baru di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu diperlukan riset untuk mengembangkan pangan fungsional berbahan dasar susu sapi sebagai produk kesehatan masa kini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan produk susu fermentasi kering berbahan baku susu sapi dengan penambahan probiotik (Lactobacillus casei dan Bifidobacterium longum). Adapun tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Mendapatkan kurva pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat sebagai dasar penentuan waktu pencampuran kultur dengan susu sapi sebelum proses fermentasi; 2) Menganalisis sifat fisiko kimia (kekerasan, kelembutan, pH, total asam tertitrasi, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat, kadar kalsium, kadar fosfor, kadar abu, dan kadar air) pada produk susu fermentasi kering dengan penambahan probiotik, 3) Mengetahui jumlah bakteri asam laktat (BAL) yang terdapat pada produk susu fermentasi kering dengan penambahan probiotik, 4) Menganalisis daya terima produk fermentasi susu kering dengan penambahan probiotik.
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Judul: Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Dried  Fermented Milk with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum IIA-1A5
Abstrak: Produk fermentasi susu dengan kultur bakteri probiotik memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan. Namun, susu fermentasi cair rentan terhadap kerusakan, sehingga diperlukan metode perlindungan seperti enkapsulasi menggunakan spray dryer untuk menjaga viabilitas probiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sift fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi susu fermentasi bubuk dengan L. plantarum subsp. plantarum IIA-1A5 menggunakan berbagai konsentrasi maltodekstrin dan susu skim sebagai bahan enkapsulasi. Peubah yang dianalisis meliputi rendemen, pH, aktivitas air (aw), total padatan terlarut, kadar air, total asam tertitrasi, dan jumlah bakteri asam laktat. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji T dengan dua perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Penambahan maltodekstrin dan susu skim mampu meningkatkan rendemen produk, menurunkan kadar air dan total asam tertitrasi, serta mempertahankan jumlah bakteri asam laktat selama proses spray drying. Penambahan maltodekstrin dan susu skim (20%:20%) dapat memperbaiki mutu susu fermentasi bubuk., Fermented milk products containing probiotic bacterial cultures offer significant health benefits. However, liquid fermented milk is susceptible to spoilage, necessitating protective methods such as encapsulation via spray drying to preserve probiotic viability. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical and microbiological properties of powdered fermented milk with L. plantarum subsp. plantarum IIA-1A5, utilizing various concentrations of maltodextrin and skim milk as encapsulating agents. The parameters analyzed include yield, pH, water activity (aw), total dissolved solids, moisture content, total titratable acidity, and lactic acid bacteria count. Data analysis was conducted using a T-test with two treatments and three replications. The addition of maltodextrin and skim milk increased product yield, reduced moisture content and total titratable acidity, and maintained the lactic acid bacteria count during the spray drying process. Incorporating maltodextrin and skim milk (20%:20%) can enhance the quality of powdered fermented milk.
Keyword: dried fermented milk, encapsulated, maltodextrin, milk skim

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite