Judul: Optimization of Excess Magnesium Addition and Heating Rate on Silicon Dioxide and Silicon Extraction Based Rice Husk
Abstrak: Indonesia is an agricultural country that produces rice sufficiently large. According to Central Agency on Statistics (BPS 2013) data, in 2012 rice production in Indonesia amounted to 69.05 million tonnes of milled rice, an increase of 3.29 million tonnes (5.00%) compared to 2011. Each tonne of rice containing 72% rice, 5% -8% bran and 20% - 22% husk (Muthadhi 2007). Seeing these data would appear a lot of agricultural waste,one of them is rice husk waste . Waste destruction process naturally progresses slowly (Nugraha and Setiawati 2006). Rice husk generated from most of the countries that produce rice just burned and disposed of as waste (Azadi et al. 2010). Rice husk, a waste product of the rice industry is rich in silica. (Kalapathy et al. 2000). Utilization of rice husk stove developed by IPB from 2007, produces another form of waste (Irzaman et al 2007). Rice husk charcoal from rice husk stove IPB, can be used to produce silica. The Silica resulting from the incineration process can be used as a source of silicon (Rohaeti et al.2010). This research is aimed to optimize of the speed of temperature increase (0.5 0C/menit and 1.5 0C/menit) to obtain high-purity silicon dioxide and optimization of addition of excess magnesium by chemical reduction method by comparing the amount of magnesium and silica (49: 60) to obtain high-purity silicon . Silicon dioxide and silicon obtained will be analyzed using Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) and FTIR Spectroscopy. Preparation of silicon through three (3) phases, husk charcoal, silica / silicon dioxide and silicon. Making husk charcoal through several stages. At first the rice husk is dried with the aid of sunlight with the aim of accelerating the combustion process. Then the rice husks were weighed at 4000 grams, entered into a husk stove and continued with the combustion process (Ahmad 2012), rice husk and then weighed. In this process produced husk charcoal at 1370 grams (34.25%). Rice husk charcoal as much as 60 grams put in of porcelain bowls and burned in a furnace at a temperature of 400 °C initially for 2 hours, subsequent heating to a temperature of 950 °C for 1 hour with a temperature increase rate setting of 0.5 ° C / min and 1.5 °C / min. After the ash obtained by burning weighed, then washed rice husk ash by using hydrochloric acid (HCl) 3% technical (12 mL 3% HCl technical for 1 gram of rice husk ash), and then heated over a hotplate with a temperature setting of 200 °C and stirred with a magnetic stirrer at a speed of 240 rpm for 2 hours. Subsequently washed with hot distilled water (temperature around 100 °C) repeatedly until the free acid (tested with litmus paper), and then filtered through ash-free paper. Screening results (residues separated from the filter paper) included in the of porcelain bowls and then heated in a furnace at temperatures of 1000 °C for 1 hour with the temperature rise and 5 oC/menit 1 oC/menit remaining until the white silica. The samples were cooled in the furnace and weighed, then the
Keyword: rice husk, silica/silicon dioxide, silicon,, FTIR.

Judul: Penambahan magnesium berlebih dalam menghasilkan silikon murni dari sekam padi sebagai bahan semikonduktor
Abstrak: Rice is one of the most important cultivated plants in human civilization. Rice is also one of the main carbohydrate source the majority of the population in Indonesia. Central Statistics Agency (BPS 2012), estimates that in 2012 rice production reached 68.59 million tons, up by 2.84 million tonnes (4:13%) than in 2011. Seeing this, then it will appear in the form of agricultural waste rice husk. Most of the waste generated from the processing of rice had only burned or thrown away (Azadi et al 2010). Utilization of rice husk furnace developed by IPB since 2007, generating more waste in the form of waste rice husk (Irzaman et al 2007). Rice husk charcoal is known to contain at 95.14% silicon dioxide (Supaman et al 2010) and has the potential to produce pure silicon with a rate 40.78% (Hikmawati 2010) and 42.29% (Ahmad L 2012). This study aimed to examine the characteristics of silicon powder obtained from rice husk by chemical reduction method, which reduces the silicon dioxide using magnesium (Mg) powder to vary the ratio of the amount of silicon dioxide with magnesium and washing with a solution of HCl in the purification. Silicon dioxide and silicon obtained will be analyzed using X-Ray Difraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Distersive X-Ray (SEM-EDX), LCR meter and I-V meter. Manufacture of silicon through three (3) phases, husk charcoal, silicon dioxide and silicon. Husk charcoal through several stages. At first the rice husk is dried with the aid of sunlight with the purpose of accelerating the combustion process. Then the rice husks were weighed at 5000 grams (5 kg), entered into a husk furnace and continued with the process of burning, then the rice husk charcoal weighed. In this process produced rice husk for 1440 grams (1.44 kg). Rice husk as much as 40 grams put in porcelain dish and baked in a kiln at a temperature initially 400 °C for 2 hours, subsequent heating to temperatures of 1000 °C for 1 hour with the temperature rising rate setting by 1 °C/minutes and 5 ° C/minutes. After the ash obtained by burning weighed, then washed rice husk ash using hydrochloric acid (HCl) 3% technical which 12 mL of HCl 3% for 1 gram of technical rice husk ash, then heated over a hotplate with temperature settings 200 °C and stirred with magnetic stirrer at a speed of 240 rpm for 2 hours. Subsequently washed with hot distilled water (temperature of about 90-100 °C) repeatedly until acid-free (tested with litmus paper), and then filtered through ash-free paper. Screening results (residue separated from the filter paper) is inserted in the porcelain dish is then heated in a furnace at temperatures of 1000 °C for 1 hour with a temperature rise of 1 °C/minutes and 5 °C/minutes until the silicon dioxide remaining white. The samples were cooled in the furnace and weighed, then the result is tested SEM-EDX, LCR meter and I-V meter (Ahmad L 2012). The next process is to get silicon, silicon dioxide mixed with magnesium powder with a reductant that vary the ratio ranging from ratio
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Judul: Balantidiosis disentri dalam zoonosis
Abstrak: Balantiosis merupakan suatu penyakit pada manusia dan ababi yang disebabkan oleh Balantidium coli. Penyakit ini pertama kali diamati oleh Kalmsten pada tahun 1857 pada pasien yang mendrita diare, sedang balantidiosis pada babi pertama kali dilaporkan oleh Leukart pada tahun 1862. Parasit ini merupakan protozoa terbesar yang berada pada usus manusia dan babi dan salah satu Giliata yang patogen.
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