Judul: Modifikasi dan Uji Kinerja Kiln Metal Tipe Drum Venturi Untuk Pengarangan Limbah Pertanian
Abstrak: Hasanah (2012) had designed a portable kiln with venture effect to improve carbonization process. The kiln was designed specifically for coconut shell carbonization. This study aimed to conduct performance test of the kiln by using palm shell and candlenut shell as material feeding. In order to get optimum performance, modification of kiln design and operation procedure has been done as well. The performance test by using coconut shell waste, the average optimum capacity of kiln reached 12.45 kg with average carbonization temperatures and time was 420 oC along 71 minutes and resulted yield of charcoal was 21%. Performance test showed that optimum kiln capacity for candlenut shell waste was 30.93 kg and palm shell was 28.03 kg. The average temperature and time range for candlenut shell waste was at 321.17 oC along 310 minutes and for palm shell waste was 240.72 °C along 280 minutes after the modification. The yield of candlenut shell charcoal and palm shell charcoal increased becoming 26.65 % and 23.21 % after the modification. The heating value of candlenut shell charcoal was 6477 calorie/gram and palm shell charcoal was 7083 calorie/gram. Drying and sorting before carbonization were recommended in order to help initial process running well.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), modification., charcoal, agricultural waste, carbonization, venture drum-type metal kiln

Judul: Design and performance test of metal Kiln venture drum type for coconut shell carbonization
Abstrak: Indonesia, coconut shell has been utilized for many purposes such as handicraft and accessories raw materials, carbon active, and also as charcoal for cooking and heating process. Due to the huge of coconut shell waste, there are huge of waste hasn’t utilized well, especially in settlement area or in the traditional market. The aim of this research was to design a portable kiln metal and to conduct performance test of the kiln. A venturi drum type of portable kiln has been designed with capacity of 12,45 -15 kg coconut shells. The performance test shows that the carbonization process takes time about 60-90 minutes with temperature range of 441.5-989.4 oC, and average yields 14.8%. The optimum performance has been achieved in the 4th test which was producing 24% yield of 12.45 kg coconut shells with highest temperature 908.56 oC and operating time 70 minutes. To improve the kiln performance, there are some improvement should be done such as using better sealer to reduce heat loss of the system, and improvement on loading and cooling process for getting better yield and quality (water content) of the charcoal.
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Judul: Infeksi leucocytozzon simondi (Mathis dan Leger, 1910) pada itik
Abstrak: Leucocytozoonosis pada itik adalah penyakit protozoer yang disebabkan oleh parasit darah Leucocytozoon simondi. Protozoa ini ditularkan oleh lalat penghisap darah (Simulium sp.). Di dalam tubuh induk semang antara (vektor) Simulium parasit mengalami tahap gametogoni yang kedua (pembentukan gamet dan pembuahan) dan sporogoni. Pembuahan makrogamet oleh mikrogamet terjadi segera sesudah vektor menghisap darah itik yang mengandung gametosit. Pembuahan menghasilkan zigot yang dapat bergerak (ookinet) yang masuk dinding usus vektor dan kemudian memasuki tahap sporogoni. Tahap sporogoni memerlukan waktu kira-kira 1 minggu (Fallis dan Desser, 1977) untuk menghasilkan sporozoit. Sporozoit bergerak menuju kelenjar ludah vektor, tempat mereka berkumpul. Sporozoit dipindahkan ke dalam tubuh itik pada saat vektor menghisap darah itik. Di dalam tubuh itik, parasit mengalami tahap skizogoni dan tahap gametogoni yang pertama (pembentukan gametosit). Sporozoit memasuki peredaran darah itik dan memasuki sel-sel parenkhim hati membentuk skizon hepatik (Fallis et al., 1974). Setelah 4 6 hari, skizon hepatik dewasa menghasilkan merozoit dan sinsitia. Merozoit dari skizon hepatik memasuki eritrosit dan eritroblas membentuk gametosit bundar, sedangkan sinsitia memasuki sel-sel RES di seluruh tubuh membentuk megaloskizon. Megaloskizon dewasa terbentuk dalam waktu 5 hari di dalam sel-sel itu dan menghasilkan merozoit. Merozoit dari megaloskizon memasuki limfosit dan leukosit lainnya membentuk gametosit memanjang. ...
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