Judul: Pengaruh Metoda Pembekuandan Lama Penyimpanan Beku Terhadap Berat dan Mutu Udang
Abstrak: lik Selama pembekuan dan penyimpanan beku udang dapat mengalami perubahan-perubahan yang dapat menurunkan nilai mutunya. Ferubahan-perubahan tersebut akan nampak jelas setelah udang beku dicairkan. Adapun salah satu perubahan yang terjadi bila udang beku dicairkan adalah penyusuten berat udang. Selanjutnya penyusutan berat tersebut dapat mengakibatkan bobot tuntas (perat netto) produk udang beku tidak sesuai dengan berat yang tercantum pada labelnya, se- hingga produk udang beku tersebut bile diekspor dapat ter- kena klaim (ditolak). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di "Cold Storage Jakarta Fishing Port" terhadap udang segar yang dibekukan secara "wet freezing" didapatkan bahwa pem- bekuan dengan "eir blast freezer" dan "contact plate free- zer" yang masing masing bersuhu -40°C dan lama penyimpanan beku dalam "cold storage" -30°C dapat mengakibatkan penyu- sutan berat produk udang. Fesarnya penyusutan berat terse- but ternyata dipengaruhi oleh metoda pembekuannya, sedang- kan penyimpanan beku dalar "cold storage" -30°C selama 0, 5, 10 dan 15 hari tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata. Udang yang dibekukan dengan "airblast freezer" -40°C sete- lah dicairkan mengalami penyusuten berat 5,52%, sedangkan ...
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Judul: Pengaruh jenis pengemas, suhu pembekuan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu udang kering - beku ( freeze - dried shrimp )
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh je- nis pengemas, sunu pembekuan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu udang kering-beku yang dihasilkan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial uengan qua mail ulangan. Per- lakuan yang diterapkan meliputi jenis pengemas (rolyethylene dan Folypropylene), sunu pembekuan (-20, -10 aan -5°C) aan lama penyimpanan (0, 4 aan 8 minggu). Pengamatan meliputi rasio rehidrasi, kadar air, kadar protein aan organoleptik (tekstur, warna, flavour, penampakan dan penerimaan) setelan udang kering-beku direhiurasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sunu pembekuan ber- pengaruh terhadap rasio renidrasi, kadar air, flavour, pe- nampakan dan penerimaan, tetapi kurang berpengarun ternauap tekstur uan warna. Jenis pengemas berpengarun terhauap kauar uir, sedang- kan lama penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap rasio reniarasi dan kadar air. Rasio rehiarasi tertinggi (0,9700) dicapai pada inter- aksi antara perlakuan suhu pembekuan -10 °C uan lama pe- nyimpanan O minggu, sedangkan rasio reniurasi yang terendah (0,9125) dicapai pada interaksi antara perlakuan sunu pem- bekuan -10 °C dan lama penyimpanan 8 minggu. Kadar air tertinggi (10,8583) aicapai pada interaksi antara perlakuan jenis pengemas Polyethylene aan lama po- nyimpanan 8 minggu. Suhu pembekuan -5°C memberikan kauur air yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sunu pom- kuan -10 dan -20 °C. Kadar protein tertinggi (71,6520) dicapai pada inter- aksi antara perlakuan sunu pembekuan -10°C dan sama penyim- panan 4 minggu, sedangkan yang terenuah (69,4850) aicapai pada interaksi antara perlakuan suhu pembekuan -5 °C dan lama penyimpanan O minggu. Nilai pengamatan organoleptik berfluktuasi, namun flux- tuasi tersebut masin diatas ambang batas penerimaan. Umim- nya interaksi antara perlakuan jenis pengemas uan lama pe nyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap nilai organoleptik, kecuali tekstur udang kering-beku setelah direniurasi….
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Judul: The isolation and molecular identification of papillomavirus in macaca fascicularis and macaca nemestrina at animal facility of primate research centre – Bogor Agricultural University.
Abstrak: Cervical cancer is still regarded as a major cause of death in women world wide, hence research on papilloma viruses, their drugs and vaccines for the prevention are still continued. Papilloma virus is a DNA virus of the family papillomaviridae. Papilloma virions have no sheath, the diameter of 55 nm, and icosahedral capsid. The virus multiplies in the cell nucleus and causes chronic latent infection. The virus genome has a circular form, 8 kbp in length with 8 open reading frames. The genome is divided into early (E) and late (L) genes. The E gen synthesizes 6 E proteins, namely E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7, which are linked into the process of viral replication and oncogenes. Meanwhile, the L gene synthesizes 2 proteins, the L1 and L2, which are related to the formation of the capsid (Hakim 2010). In order to obtain the best result of the cancer research, it is highly requested to obtain appropriate animal model that reflect aspects of human disease. Non-human primates have high similarity with humans, both in terms of the evolution of the genetic, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and organ systems, as well as in cancer genes. Non-human primates of the genus Macaca is a genus with the highest distribution worldwide, from Japan to Afghanistan. So far, there are 22 species are included in the genus Macaca. Originally rhesus monkeys or M. mulatta are widely used for biomedical research, but since the Indian government imposed a ban on importing these animals, then Macaca fascicularis (Long-tailed Macaque, cynomolgus) and Macaca nemestrina (Pig-tailed Macaque), which has high population in Southeast Asia, began to be used as research animal. Various medical aspects related to both species are commonly studied by many researchers as an animal model for human diseases. This study is using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and nucleotide tracking to identify papillomavirus tipes that infect the genital tract of Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina, which is kept in breeding facilities of Primate Research Center, IPB. The analysis of nucleotide sequences were performed using the Clustal W 2.1 and 5.1 Mega program. The establishment of phylogenetic tree using neighbor joining with 1000 times bootstrap repetition. The results showed that the papillomavirus that infect Macaca fascicularis was 32.7% (78/238) and Macaca nemestrina 12% (4/31). Both species were infected by Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus (MfPV) tipe 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9, belongs to the genus Alpha papillomavirus with homology of 80 - 100%. Papilloma virus that infected the pig-tailed macaque was the same tipe of papillomavirus that infected the cynomolgus with similarity between 82% - 99% based on L1 region. To further explain the tipes of papilloma viruses that infected the pig-tailed macaque, it is necessary to identify the entire genome of the virus. To determine the tipe of the virus, it requires the identification of a more complete nucleotide sequence. It is interesting because papillomavirus that infected the pigtail macaques has 76% homology with the HPV tipe 52. This is the first report on the incidence of papillomavirus infection in the pigtail macaque genome that further analysis
Keyword: Papillomavirus, cervic cancer, animal model, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina