Judul: Keragaan Koperasi Unit Desa sebagai Organisasi Ekonomi Pedesaan. Studi Kasus Koperasi Unit Desa di Daerah Tingkat II Kabupaten Kediri dan Subang.
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ialah untuk mengidentifikasi {l)penciri utama KUD, (2) peran KUD sebagai pusat pelayanan kegiatan perekonomian pedesaan, (3) peran pemerin­tah terhadap keragaan KUD, dan(4) tingkat optimal kegiatan usaha KUD. Wawasan sejarah kemerdekaan membuktikan bahwa pada waktu para perin­tis/pelopor kemerdekaan menyusun Undang-Undang Dasar 1945, mereka sangat yakin .bahwa sistem ekonomi warisan penjajahan itu praktis hampir tidak memper­lihatkan peduli (concern) terhadap kesejahteraan rakyat/kesejahteraan sosial. Oleh karena itu pada undang-undang yang sedang mereka bentuk perlu ada bab tersendiri yang menonjolkan peduli tersebut, yang lengkap dengan pasal yang berintikan perubahan sistem ekonomi dari sistem ekonomi · penjajah menuju sistem ekonomi . nasional berdasarkan demokrasi ekonomi. Wawasan sejarah itu pula membuat kita paham apa latar belakang penempatan Pasal 33 sebagai pasal pertama di dalam Bab XIV Kesejahteraan Sosial, Undang-Undang Dasar 1945. dst...
Keyword: 

Judul: Analisis keragaan KUD sebagai suatu wadah kegiatan ekonomi pedesaan (studi kasus di KUD Pakuhaji, kecamatan Sepakan, kabupaten Tangerang)
Abstrak: Koperasi merupakan salah satu lembaga ekonomi yang paling sesuai dengan perekonomian Indonesia (pasal 33 UUD 1945). KUD sebagai lembaga ekonomi dan pusat pelayanan pedesaan (Inpres No. 4/1984) diharapkan mampu berperan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan, dengan memberikan pelayanan yang baik kepada anggota dan masyarakat di wilayah'kerjanya. Namun kenyataannya masih banyak KUD yang belum dapat berperan seperti yang diharapkan, karena kurang mampu melaksanakan pengelolaan organisasi dan usaha dengan baik serta kurangnya partisipasi anggota.
Keyword: 

Judul: Enhancement of photon absorbtion on BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films semiconductor using photonic crystals.
Abstrak: In this research, has been conducted BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films manufacturing for mole fraction x = 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55; and concentration of 1 molar using chemical solution depositon (CSD) method. The materials, which are used in this research, are barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%], titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28), 97.999%], gallium trioxide [Ga2O3], 2-methoxyethanol [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] and 1 x 1 cm of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass as substrate. Two BST thin films are made that for BST thin films which are doped by 10% galium (BGST) as p-type layer and pure BST solution as n-type. BST solution is made by reacting barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%] and titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28)] into 2-methoxyethanol solvent [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] in accordance with mass gram for each x value. While, BGST solution is made in the same way as BST solution, plus adding gallium at 10% of the mass of BST. Once all materials are reacted, then vibrated using ultrasonic for 90 minutes, and followed by coating BGST / BST on the TCO substrate. Once the layer is formed, then annealed for 15 hours at temperature of 500 °C with increasing rate of 1.67 oC/minute. Characterizations of BST thin films with or without photonic crystals include the absorbance and transmittance in the visible light spectrum, as well as the electrical photoconductivity characterizations. From BST thin films without photonic crystals indicate that our thin films have light absorption area on almost the entire range of the visible light spectrum even to the infrared range with absorption value over than 67.6%, in addition, it can be seen that the maximum absorbance of BST thin films for all mole fractions lie in blue to green light spectrum region, 457 nm ≤ λ ≤ 570 nm and the minimum in yellow to red light spectrum region, 570 nm ≤ λ ≤ 678 nm. The largest absorbance is found at x = 0.25 with average absorbance value of 92.04% and maximum and minimum absorbance peaks at wavelength of 500.89 and 657.72 nm, respectively. At x = 0.35, average absorbance value decreased to 83.55% with maximum and minimum peaks at 505.73 and 613.68 nm, respectively. Then increased to 91.16% at x = 0.45 with maximum and minimum peaks at 506.04 and 618.56 nm, respectively. At x = 0.55, average absorbance value decreased to 80.12% with maximum and minimum peaks at 507.85 and 608.79 nm, respectively. Moreover, it can be seen that the addition of barium mole fraction leads to wider maximum absorbance or minimum transmittance peaks and narrower minimum absorbance or maximum transmittance peaks in the same range of the green and blue & red light spectrums, respectively. BST thin films with photonic crystals show increasing in absorption for all x values in the range of 3.04 into 13.33%. At x = 0.25, average absorbance percentage increased 3.96% from 92.4 into 95.68%, for x = 0.35 average percentage increased 7.07% into 89.45 from 83.55%. Furthermore, average absorbance of BST thin films at x = 0.45 increased 3.04% from 91.16 into 93.93% and x = 0.55 has
Keyword: