Judul: Analysis of the Role of the Internet of Things (IoT) in Production Efficiency in Carrot Farming in Gobleg Village Buleleng Regency
Abstrak: Desa Gobleg merupakan salah satu desa di Indonesia yang mengembangkan pertanian berbasis teknologi atau Internet of Things (IoT) secara mandiri. Penggunaan IoT pada usahatani hortikultura (wortel) di Desa Gobleg dapat menjadi solusi dalam mengefisienkan waktu dan tenaga kerja. Akan tetapi, masih belum semua petani usahatani hortikultra di Desa Gobleg yang belum memanfaatkan IoT tersebut. Penelitian ini akan membuktikan terkait perbandingan pendapatan dan efisiensi secara ekonomis dari kedua sistem usahatani wortel konvensional dan IoT. Metode yang digunakan dalam penilitian ini adalah analisis pendapatan dengan R/C rasio dan analisis efisiensi ekonomi dengan Data Envelopment Analyst (DEA) dengan model Constant Return to Scale (CRS). Hasil penelitian ini menujukkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan usahatani wortel dengan metode IoT lebih tinggi dengan nilai R/C rasio atas biaya total sebesar 1,82 dan usahatani konvensional sebesar 0,93. Nilai efisiensi secara ekonomi yang diperoleh oleh masing-masing jenis metode usahatani sudah berada pada kondisi yang efisien., Gobleg Village is one of the villages in Indonesia that independently develops technology-based agriculture or the Internet of Things (IoT). The use of IoT in horticultural farming (carrots) in Gobleg Village can be a solution to shorten time and labor. However, not all horticultural farmers in Gobleg Village have utilized the IoT. This study will prove the comparison of income and economic efficiency of the two conventional carrot farming systems and IoT. The method used in this study is income analysis with the R/C ratio and economic efficiency analysis with Data Envelopment Analyst (DEA) with the Constant Return to Scale (CRS) model. The results of this study indicate that the level of carrot farming income with the IoT method is higher with an R/C ratio value of 1.82 for total costs and conventional farming of 0.93. The economic efficiency value obtained by each type of farming method is already in an efficient condition.
Keyword: analisis pendapatan, efisiensi usahatani, constant return to scale, data envelopment analyst

Judul: Income Analysis And Efficiency Of Carrot Farming In Pagar Wangi Urban Village, Dempo Utara Sub-District, Pagar Alam City
Abstrak: Kelurahan Pagar Wangi merupakan sentra produksi wortel di Kota Pagar Alam. Kelurahan Pagar Wangi adalah daerah dengan produksi dan luas lahan wortel terbesar. Dalam melakukan usahataninya, alokasi input yang digunakan masih belum sesuai dengan input optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis pendapatan usahatani wortel di Kelurahan Pagar Wangi, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas, (3) menganalisis efisiensi ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan R/C ratio untuk mengetahui keuntungan usahatani wortel, fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglass dengan estimasi Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) untuk menganalisis faktor produksi yang memengaruhi produktivitas, dan metode Nilai Produk Marginal (NPM) untuk mengetahui efisiensi ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai R/C ratio usahatani wortel di Kelurahan Pagar Wangi masih menguntungkan walaupun belum optimal. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas usahatani wortel adalah benih, pupuk kandang, dan pupuk NPK. Faktor produksi yang belum efisien pada usahatani wortel yaitu benih sehingga perlu untuk ditambah. Selanjutnya, faktor produksi yang tidak efisien yaitu pupuk kandang dan pupuk NPK sehingga perlu untuk dikurangi., Center of carrot production in Pagar Alam City is Pagar Wangi Urban Village. Pagar Wangi Urban Village is the area with the largest carrot land and amount of production. The allocation of inputs used in farming is still not in line with the most optimal input. The research aim to (1) analyze the income of carrot farming in Pagar Wangi Urban Village, (2) analyze the factors that affect the productivity, (3) analyze the economic efficiency. This research uses the R/C ratio to determine the benefits of carrot farming, the Cobb-Douglass Production function with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation to analyze the factors that affect the productivity, and the Value Marginal Product (VMP) to determine the economic efficiency. The results showed that the R/C value of the carrot farming in Pagar Wangi Urban Village is still profitable although not optimal. The factors that had a significant effect on the productivity of carrot farming was seeds, animal manure, and NPK fertilizer. Input that are not efficient yet in carrot farming are seeds so they need to be added. Furthermore, the inefficienct input in carrot farming are NPK fertilizer and animal manure so they need to be reduced.
Keyword: income analysis, OLS, productivity, R/C ratio, VMP

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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