Judul: Design and Simulation of Hole Making Mechanism on a Precision Palm Fertilizer Machine
Abstrak: Dibeberapa perkebunan kelapa sawit, pemupukan masih dilakukan secara manual. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan mesin pemupuk kelapa sawit yang mampu melakukan pemupukan secara efektif dan efisien. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk merancang dan mensimulasikan mekanisme pembuat lubang pupuk pada mesin pemupuk kelapa sawit presisi agar lubang pupuk yang dihasilkan presisi secara efektif dan efisien. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan desain fungsional dan struktural yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, antara lain: identifikasi dan perumusan masalah, perumusan dan evaluasi konsep desain, analisis desain, gambar teknik, dan simulasi. Desain mekanisme pembuat lubang dirancang menggunakan bantuan software Solidworks 2017 dan EDEM Simulator 2018. Hasil rancangan menghasilkan lubang pupuk dengan diameter lubang 200 mm dengan kedalaman 308 mm. Lengan pembuat lubang dapat memanjang sejauh 875 mm saat aktuator hidrolik 1 ekstrusi maksimal untuk mencapai titik pembuatan lubang pupuk terjauh. Sedangkan komponen pembuat lubang dapat turun sejauh 500 mm saat aktuator hidrolik 2 ekstrusi maksimal untuk melakukan pengeboran lubang pupuk dengan kedalaman 308 mm. Screw yang berfungsi sebagai pembuat lubang juga telah mampu menyalurkan pupuk ke dalam lubang yang telah dihasilkan. Pupuk yang disalurkan memiliki laju aliran massa sebesar 100 gr/s dan debit aliran sebesar 79.37 cm¬3/s., In some oil palm plantations, fertilization is still done manually. Therefore, we need a palm fertilizer machine that is able to fertilize effectively and efficiently. The purpose of this research is to design and simulate the mechanism for making fertilizer holes on a precision oil palm fertilizer machine so that the resulting fertilizer holes are accurately and efficiently produced. This research was conducted with a functional and structural design approach which consists of several stages, including: identification and formulation of problems, formulation and evaluation of design concepts, design analysis, engineering drawings, and simulation. The design of the hole making mechanism was designed using the help of Solidworks 2017 and EDEM Simulator 2018 software. The design results produced a fertilizer hole with a hole diameter of 200 mm with a depth of 308 mm. The hole punch arm can extend as far as 875 mm while the hydraulic actuator 1 extrusion is maximal to reach the furthest point of making the manure hole. Whereas the hole making component can drop as far as 500 mm when the hydraulic actuator 2 extrusion is maximal for drilling fertilizer holes with a depth of 308 mm. The screw that functions as a hole maker has also been able to distribute fertilizer into the holes that have been produced. The distributed fertilizer has a mass flow rate of 100 gr/s and a flow rate of 79.37 cm3/s.
Keyword: hole making arm, hydraulic, manure hole, oil palm, simulation

Judul: Rancang Bangun Mesin Pemupuk Kelapa Sawit dengan Metode Pembenaman ke Dalam Tanah
Abstrak: Fertilizer application methods for oil palm by spreading fertilizer on the soil surface need to be fixed, by immersion of fertilizer in the soil to make it more effective and more efficient in the use of fertilizer. The objective of this research was to design and construct a prototype of fertilizer immersion machine for oil palm, driven by a four-wheel tractor. The machine was designed using a rotor type metering device for fertilizer metering, and a rotary blades mechanism for immersion of fertilizer in the soil. The metering device and the rotary shaft were driven by the PTO of the tractor using a gear box and sprockets-chain power transmissions. The rotary unit consisted of four rotary blades mounted on two flanges which were welded to the rotary shaft with flanges spaced of 20 cm. Rotary diameter was 45 cm, working width was 20 cm, and the rotation speed was 200 rpm. The machine was mounted on a four-wheel tractor via the three point hitches. Based on the results of the design, a prototype was constructed and tested. The test results showed that the machine could immerse fertilizer into the soil at a depth of 10-15 cm and mixing with soil in fairly evenly. Fertilizing dose was about 1 kg per meter application.
Keyword: tractor, oil palm, immersion, rotary, fertilizer applicaort

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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