Judul: Case Studies of Diagnostic and Treatment Giardiasis in Cat at Rvet Bogor Clinic
Abstrak: Giardiasis adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Giardia sp. dan digolongkan sebagai waterborne disease. Kucing yang memiliki kebiasaan minum air sembarangan atau air mentah sangat rentan terinfeksi penyakit ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari teknik diagnostik dan pengobatan giardiasis pada kucing di klinik Rvet Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi kasus. Kucing pada penelitian ini bernama Memed, kucing dengan ras mix persian dan berumur 1,5 tahun. Kucing mengalami diare tanpa darah selama 6 hari dan tidak disertai muntah. Memed biasa dilepas ke luar rumah dan suka meminum air sembarangan. Peneguhan diagnosa giardiasis pada kucing di klinik Rvet Bogor dilakukan dengan teknik flotasi sederhana. Memed didiagnosa mengalami giardiasis setelah ditemukannya kista Giardia pada sampel feses yang diamati. Kucing diberikan terapi pengobatan berupa sediaan Metronidazole dan vitamin B12. Setelah hari ke- 5 pascaterapi, Memed dinyatakan sembuh dari giardiasis yang ditandai dengan konsistensi feses yang kembali normal dan tidak ditemukannya kista Giardia pada feses.
Keyword: Giardia sp., Giardiasis, Kucing, Metronidazole

Judul: The Incidence Rate of Gastrointestinal Protozoan Infection in Cats at Rvet Bogor Clinic during 2021
Abstrak: Kucing merupakan inang definitif untuk beberapa infeksi protozoa gastrointestinal. Kejadian infeksi protozoa gastrointestinal masih menjadi penyakit parasitik yang terabaikan (neglected disease) pada hewan dan manusia. Penyakit ini perlu diperhatikan karena penyebarannya pada kucing terjadi secara masif dan beberapa diantaranya zoonosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis data penyakit protozoa gastrointestinal pada pasien kucing di Klinik Rvet Bogor dan membandingkan tingkat infeksi penyakit tersebut dengan curah hujan. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan merekap rekam medik di Klinik Rvet Bogor pada September 2020–September 2021. Selain itu, data curah hujan diperoleh dari Stasiun Meterologi Citeko, Bogor. Seluruh data rekam medik infeksi protozoa gastrointestinal pada kucing di klinik tersebut berjumlah 74 kasus, yang terdiri atas 48 kasus Giardia sp., 6 kasus Toxoplasma sp., 11 kasus Entamoeba sp., dan 9 kasus Isospora sp. Tingkat kejadian tertinggi terjadi pada kasus Giardia sp. sebesar 64,86%. Cuaca merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam transmisi infeksi protozoa gastrointestinal pada kucing. Bulan tertinggi infeksi protozoa gastrointestinal terjadi pada November–Desember 2020, Maret 2021, dan Mei 2021 dengan curah hujan menengah. Pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan cara meningkatkan sanitasi dan higienitas oleh kucing maupun pemilik hewan., Cats are definitive hosts for several gastrointestinal protozoan infections. The incidence of gastrointestinal protozoan infection is still a neglected parasitic disease in animals and humans. This disease requires attention because it spreads widely in cats and some of them are zoonosis. This study aims to analyze data on gastrointestinal protozoan diseases in cat patients at the Rvet Bogor clinic and to investigate the correlation between the incidence of disease and rainfall factor. The data collection was conducted by recapitulating medical records at the Rvet Bogor clinic during September 2020–September 2021. Meanwhile, rainfall data was obtained from the Citeko Meteorological Station, Bogor. According to medical records, these infections in cats at the clinic were 74 cases, consisting of 48 cases of Giardia sp., 6 cases of Toxoplasma sp., 11 cases of Entamoeba sp., and 9 cases of Isospora sp. The highest incidence rate occurred in the case of Giardia sp. by 64.86%. The weather condition is one of the factors that affect the transmission of gastrointestinal protozoan infections in cats. The highest months of gastrointestinal protozoan infections occurred in November and December 2020, March 2021, and May 2021, with moderate rainfall. The prevention can be carried out by improving sanitation and hygiene in cats and animal owners.
Keyword: cats, gastrointestinal protozoan, incidence rate, rainfall, weather

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm