Judul: Performance of Rotary Bed Dryer for Paddy in Several Configured Rotations
Abstrak: Mesin pengeringan tipe rotari tumpukan merupakan jenis pengeringan tipe mekanis untuk biji-bijian yang menggunakan prinsip putaran saat mengaduk bahan. Jenis biji-bijian yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah gabah. Penelitian ini bertujuan utuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan jeda dan lama waktu pengadukan dengan suhu tetap 45°C dalam meningkatkan keseragaman kadar air gabah menggunakan pengering tipe rotari tumpukan. Metode pengujian beda kadar air pada titik A dan B adalah pengukuran kadar air dengan prinsip gravimetri (oven) dan pengukuran keseragaman dengan prinsip t-test dengan P(t>T) dan faktor kesalahan α=0,05 pada dua sisi (two-tail). Hasil pengujian mesin pengering tipe rotari tumpukan menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan memberikan kadar air yang tidak berbeda (beda 0 %bb.) antar lapisan dalam dan luar pada akhir pengeringan. Konsumsi energi spesifik yang dibutuhkan sebesar 2684,7-4144,8 kJ/kg uap air sehingga menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi energi spesifik pengering tipe rotari tumpukan pada pengeringan gabah lebih kecil dibandingkan KES pengeringan biji-bijian konvensional (4260 kJ/kg uap air). Energi pengadukan hanya 2 % sedangkan energi pemanasan sebesar 89 % dari konsumsi energi total pengeringan dan biaya kebutuhan listrik. Hasil pengujian yang telah dilakukan menunjukkan adanya pengaruh besar proses pengadukan bahan yang dikeringkan untuk memperkecil nilai beda kadar air di lapisan luar dan lapisan dalam. Proses pengadukan tidak berpengaruh besar terhadap konsumsi energi spesifik dan biaya kebutuhan listrik., Rotary bed dryer is mechanical dryer for grains with rotary system for mixing grains. The grains that used in this study is paddy. The aim of this study is determine the impact of interval and duration of rotations with a fixed temperature in 45°C to increase the uniformity of the paddy with rotary bed dryer. Different moisture content test method for A and B point with gravimetric method (oven) and define uniformity using is used t-test statistic method in P(t>T) and failure factor (α) is 0,05 with two-tails test. The result of this rotary bed dryer show that all treatment was uniform (difference 0 %bb.) between inner and outer layer at the end of the drying process. The specific energy consumption required is 2684,7-4144,8 kJ/kg, it shows that the specific energy consumption of rotary bed dryer to reduce moisture content is smaller than the specific energy consumption of conventional grain drying (4260 kJ/kg). The mechanical energy was 2 % and the heated energy was 89 % of the total energy consumption and the cost of electricity. The results of the tests showed that the stirring process has to influence to decrease the different moisture content in outer later and inner layer. The stirring process does not effect the total energy consumption and the cost of electricity.
Keyword: drying, paddy, rotary bed dryer, uniformity

Judul: Performance Heat Pump Dryer Continuously and Intermittently for Drying Paddy
Abstrak: Pengering mekanis yang dapat digunakan untuk mengeringkan gabah salah satunya adalah pengering heat pump kompresi uap (HPKU). Prinsip utama dari heat pump adalah pemanfaatan panas yang dilepaskan di kondensor sebagai sumber panas untuk alat pengering mekanis. HPKU dapat memanfaatkan input panas lingkungan dan menghasilkan output panas yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis kinerja pengering heat pump untuk gabah secara kontinu dan intermittent berdasarkan perbedaan konsumsi energi yang digunakan, perubahan laju pengeringan, dan keseragaman kadar air pada gabah. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan yaitu percobaan perubahan kadar air akibat percampuran dan percobaan pengeringan heat pump secara kontinu dan intermittent. Bahan baku yang digunakan yaitu gabah dengan kadar air 33-35% basis basah sebanyak 75 kg untuk setiap perlakuanya dengan kadar air yang dicapai adalah 14%. Hasil yang didapatkan dari pengujian pada suhu lingkungan rata-rata 28.5-28.6°C yaitu suhu plenum 39.8-41.4°C, kadar air akhir gabah 16.35-18.42%bb dengan waktu pengeringan 11.42-13.25 jam, COP heat pump 2.70-3.16, SMERT 2.03-2.42 kg/kWh, dan SMERTotal 1.51-1.80 kg/kWh. Hasil pengujian mesin HPKU dengan dua perlakuan menunjukan bahwa perlakuan intermittent terbukti dapat menyeragamkan kadar air gabah secara keseluruhan dan menurunkan energi daripada perlakuan kontinu., One of the mechanical dryers that can be used to dry grain is the vapor compression heat pump dryer (VCHP). The main principle of the heat pump is the utilization of the heat released in the condenser as a heat source for the mechanical dryer. VCHP can take advantage of environmental heat input and produce higher heat output. This study aims to determine and analyze the performance of a heat pump dryer for continuous and intermittent grain based on differences in energy consumption used, changes in drying rate, and uniformity of moisture content in grain. This study consisted of two experiments, there are experiments on changes in water content due to mixing and experiments on continuous and intermittent heat pump drying. The raw material used is grain with a moisture content of 33-35% on a wet basis as much as 75 kg for each treatment with a moisture content of 14% achieved. The results obtained from testing at an average ambient temperature of 28.5-28.6°C, namely plenum temperature 39.8-41.4°C, final grain moisture content 16.35-18.42%bb with drying time 11.42-13.25 hours, COP heat pump 2.70-3.16, SMERT 2.03-2.42 kg/kWh, and SMERTotal 1.51-1.80 kg/kWh. The results of the HPKU machine test with two treatments showed that intermittent treatment was proven to be able to uniform the overall grain moisture content and reduce energy than continuous treatment.
Keyword: continuous, energy, heat pump, intermittent, paddy

Judul: Ecosystem and community based model for zonation in Nino Konis Santana National Park, Timor-Leste
Abstrak: Nino Konis Santana National Park is the first national park that was declared by Timor-Leste Government on August 2008. Aims is to i) Protect and conserve nationally and globally important natural and cultural values, ii) Contribute to the achievement of sustainable livelihoods for local communities, iii) Establish the first protected area in Timor-Leste’s world-class protected area system, iv) Increase awareness of conservation and the sustainable management of biodiversity and natural resources, v) Ensure the active participation of and foster ownership by the communities in the protected area, and vi) Manage the NKSNP as an internationally recognized protected area where the traditional interactions of people and nature are maintained in a way that protects the environment.
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