Judul: Telaah Reaksi Benzoilasi Resasetofenon dalam Sintesis 7- Hidroksiflavon Melalui Penataan-Ulang Baker-Venkataraman
Abstrak: Dibenzoyl resacetophenone (diBz) is an important precursor in synthesis of 7-hydroxyflavone and its derivatives through Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement. In previous studies, benzoylation of resacetophenone by using benzoyl chloride (BzCl) resulted 3 different products, namely p-benzoyl resacetophenone (p-Bz), diBz, and 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxyflavone (3-Bz-7-HF). In this study, the optimum condition to synthesize diBz was studied. Benzoylation of resacetophenone in pyridine at room temperature gave optimum conversion percentage when the mmol ratio of resacetophenone:Bz was 1:2. p-Bz was the main product, but the yield of diBz increased higher mmol of resacetophenone was used. On the other hand, benzoylation of resacetophenone at reflux temperature of acetone gave 3-Bz-7-HF as the only product. Control of temperature and reaction time was concluded as the main factor affecting the amount of diBz. p-Bz was dominant at the beginning of reaction, then diBz started to be formed, being promoted by the heat of reaction as well as prolonging heating. However, if the reaction temperature was too high or the reaction time was prolonged, 3-Bz-7-HF would be formed. Further study is still needed to find the optimum reaction time and temperature to synthese diBz
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), dibenzoyl resacetophenone, p-benzoyl resacetophenone, 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxyflavone

Judul: Synthesis of 1,3-Diketone Precursor for 7 Hydroxyflavone from Resorcinol.
Abstrak: Flavonoid merupakan kelompok senyawa polifenolik terbesar yang ditemukan di alam dengan kerangka karbon C6-C3-C6. Salah satu kelompok flavonoid yang telah dilaporkan memiliki bioaktivitas yang luas ialah flavon, antara lain sebagai antikanker. Salah satu rute sintesis flavon yang penting dan digunakan secara luas ialah siklisasi oksidatif 1,3-diketon dengan katalis asam. Dalam penelitian ini, zat antara 1,3-diketon untuk 7-hidroksiflavon telah berhasil disintesis dalam 3 tahap dari bahan awal resorsinol. Pada tahap pertama, resorsinol diasetilasi dengan AcOH/ZnCl2 menghasilkan resasetofenon dengan rendemen mencapai56.7%.Benzoilasi resasetofenon dengan BzCl/K2CO3selanjutnya menghasilkan senyawa dibenzoil resasetofenon dengan rendemen mencapai 64.2%. Penataan ulang Baker- Venkataraman produk ester tersebut dengan KOH dalam piridina menghasilkan 1,3- diketon target dengan rendemen 11.8%. Semua produk sintesis dalam penelitian ini telah dicirikan secara spektroskopi.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan