Judul: Formulasi Bihun Instan Tinggi Kalsium dan Fosfor dengan Penambahan Tepung Kepala Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) sebagai Alternatif Makanan Lanjut Usia
Abstrak: Salah satu bentuk keberhasilan pembangunan sumberdaya manusia Indonesia di bidang kesehatan adalah peningkatan usia harapan hidup yang berdampak pada bertambahnya jumlah penduduk lanjut usia (lansia). Secara individu, pada usia lanjut terjadi proses penuaan secara alami yang mengakibatkan perubahan fisik dan mental yang berpengaruh terhadap kondisi psikologi, fisiologi, dan sosial ekonomi sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan fungsi beberapa organ tubuh yang berpengaruh terhadap gangguan kesehatan (Wirakusuma 2001). Salah satu masalah kesehatan lansia yang sudah menjadi perhatian dunia adalah osteoporosis. Osteoporosis merupakan penurunan massa tulang yang terjadi secara gradual seiring dengan bertambahnya umur (WHO 1999). Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi peningkatan resiko osteoporosis, diantaranya asupan kalsium dan fosfor yang kurang. Menurut Khomsan (2004), pangan hewani seperti ikan lele dumbo merupakan sumber zat gizi yang dapat diandalkan untuk mendukung perbaikan gizi karena memiliki mutu pangan tinggi. Tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo merupakan produk hasil olahan limbah ikan lele yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara maksimal dalam pengembangan produk makanan (Mervina 2009). Produk bihun instan dapat dipandang sebagai makanan alternatif yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan gizi bagi lansia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan formulasi bihun instan tinggi kalsium dan fosfor dengan penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo sebagai alternatif makanan bagi lanjut usia. Penambahan tepung kepala ikan ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kandungan kalsium dan fosfor pada bihun instan. Formulasi bihun instan dapat dibuat dengan menambahkan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo sebesar 4-10% dari tepung beras dan tepung maizena yang digunakan. Perbedaan penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo berbeda nyata (p<0.05) terhadap atribut mutu warna, tekstur, dan aroma bihun instan formula. Semakin besar penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo akan menurunkan mutu warna, tekstur, dan aroma bihun instan. Perbedaan penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele berbeda nyata (p<0.05) terhadap kesukaan warna, rasa, aroma dan keseluruhan formula bihun instan. Semakin besar penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele akan semakin menurunkan kesukaan panelis terhadap warna, rasa, aroma, dan keseluruhan bihun instan formula. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik dan pertimbangan kandungan kalsium dan fosfor dihasilkan bihun instan dengan penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo sebesar 6% (F2) sebagai formula terpilih. Tingkat penerimaan bihun instan F2 oleh lansia yaitu 93.94%. Bihun instan kontrol memiliki nilai a dan elongasi berbeda nyata (p<0.05) dengan bihun instan F2. Semakin besar penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo akan meningkatkan warna merah dan menurunkan elongasi bihun instan. Bihun instan kontrol untuk kadar abu, protein, kalsium, dan fosfor berbeda nyata (p<0.05) dengan bihun instan dengan penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo F2. Semakin besar penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo akan meningkatkan kadar abu, protein, kalsium dan fosfor pada bihun instan. Satu takaran saji bihun instan dengan penambahan tepung kepala ikan lele dumbo sebesar 6% (85 gram) dapat memberikan kontribusi kalsium sebesar 20.1% dan fosfor sebesar 23.1% dari AKG lansia per hari.
Keyword: Instan vermicelli, Hight calcium and phosporus, Food for elderly

Judul: Pemanfaatan Tepung Mix (Badan dan Kepala) Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) dalam Pembuatan Bubur Instan Tinggi Kalsium untuk Lanjut Usia
Abstrak: Major concern of health disorders to the elderly is osteoporosis. Osteoporosis is a decrease in bone mass that occurs gradually with increasing age. Catfish waste like fish-head can be utilized as a source of mineral because it contains high calcium and phosphorus. This research aimed to utilize mixture catfish flour from the body and head in making high calcium instant porridge for the elderly. The experimental design used in this study was complete random design with the addition of mix flour of catfish as treatment, which consisted of 7% (2% catfish flour from the body and 5% catfish flour from the head), 9% (2% catfish flour from the body and 7% catfish flour from the head), and 11% (2% catfish flour from the body and 9% catfish flour from the head). Analysis of the data using One Way ANOVA and Independent Sample t-Test. The results of sensory analysis indicate that the first formula (7%) was the most accepted by the panelists. The study showed that the control formula vs elected instant porridge formula is significantly different (p<0.05), in terms of the whiteness, calcium, phosphorus, and all other nutrients except moisture contents. The serving size of instant porridge flour based on the average consumption of the elderly is 52 g. It contains 246 Cal of energy, 8.2 g of protein, 2.3 g of fat, 154.2 mg of calcium, and 75.2 mg of phosphorus.
Keyword: phosphorus, calcium, instant porridge, Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Elderly

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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