Judul: Meta-analysis of Solvent Effectiveness, Particle Size, and Extraction Method of Curcumin Levels on Curcuma Rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza)
Abstrak: Temulawak merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki berbagai potensi farmakologi akibat kandungan senyawa aktif yang dimilikinya, salah satunya yaitu kurkumin. Penelitian terkait optimasi proses ekstraksi temulawak agar menghasilkan ekstrak senyawa aktif kurkumin yang tinggi telah banyak dilakukan, namun hasil yang diperoleh dari berbagai penelitian bervariasi sehingga diperlukan teknik analisis dan penarikan kesimpulan dari data yang ada untuk menjawab perbedaan tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan efektivitas penggunaan pelarut, ukuran partikel, dan metode ekstraksi terhadap kadar kurkumin yang diperoleh selama ekstraksi. Kadar kurkumin tertinggi pada ekstraksi temulawak diperoleh pada penggunaan pelarut n-heksana, ukuran partikel 100 mesh, dan metode sokhlet. Nilai efektivitas pemilihan pelarut (2,6%) tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kadar kurkumin ekstrak temulawak. Efektivitas ukuran partikel berpengaruh sebesar 65,9% terhadap kadar kurkumin ekstrak temulawak. Semakin kecil ukuran partikel simplisia yang digunakan maka semakin tinggi kadar kurkumin ekstrak temulawak yang diperoleh. Efektivitas metode ekstraksi berpengaruh sebesar 86% terhadap kadar kurkumin ekstrak temulawak. Semakin banyak metode yang digunakan maka semakin sedikit kadar kurkumin ekstrak temulawak yang diperoleh. Kata kunci : kurkumin, meta-analisis, metode ekstraksi, pelarut, ukuran partikel., Curcuma is an herbal plant that has various pharmacological potentials due to its active compound content, one of which is curcumin. Research related to the optimization of the curcuma extraction process in order to produce extracts of high bioactive curcumin content has been carried out, but the results obtained from various studies vary so that analysis techniques and drawing conclusions from existing data are needed to answer these differences. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of solvent selection, particle size, and extraction method on curcumin levels obtained during extraction. The highest curcumin content in curcuma extraction was obtained using n-hexane solvent, 100 mesh particle size, and the soxhlet method. The value of the effectiveness of selecting solvents (2.6%) did not show a significant effect on curcumin levels of curcuma extract. The effectiveness of the particle size had an effect of 65.9% on the curcumin content of ginger extract. The smaller of simplicia particle size used, the more curcumin content of curcuma extract obtained. The effectiveness of the extraction method has an effect of 86% on the curcumin content of ginger extract. The more methods used, the less curcumin content of curcuma extract obtained.
Keyword: meta-analysis, curcumin, particle size, extraction method, solvent

Judul: Pengaruh Jenis Pelarut terhadap Total Terpenoid dan Kapasitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Rimpang Temulawak  (Curcuma zanthorrhiza)
Abstrak: Temulawak (Curcuma zanthorrhiza) merupakan tanaman asli Indonesia mengandung antioksidan dan terpenoid yang mampu menangkal radikal bebas. Sampel rimpang temulawak diekstraksi dengan berbagai jenis pelarut diperlukan untuk mendapatkan senyawa bioaktif temulawak terbaik secara kuantitatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh berbagai jenis pelarut ekstraksi terhadap total terpenoid dan kapasitas antioksidan rimpang temulawak. Sampel diekstraksi dengan gabungan metode sonikasi dan maserasi. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengujian kadar total terpenoid rimpang temulawak, kemudian dilanjutkan pengujian kapasitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, dan ABTS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar total terpenoid terbesar dihasilkan oleh pelarut H (heksan p.a) sebesar 243.74 ± 8.13a mg UA/g DW dan kapasitas antioksidan terbesar dihasilkan oleh metode FRAP dengan pelarut aseton sebesar 131.25 ± 4.33a. Berdasarkan data dapat disimpulkan terpenoid bukan merupakan komponen utama senyawa antioksidan pada rimpang temulawak karena perbedaan pelarut yang dihasilkan antara data kapasitas antioksidan dan kadar total terpenoid., Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) is a plant native to Indonesia that contains antioxidants and terpenoids which are able to ward off free radicals. Temulawak rhizome samples were extracted with various types of solvents to obtain the best bioactive compounds in curcuma quantitatively. This research aimed to determine the effect of various types of extraction solvents on the total terpenoids and antioxidant capacity of curcuma rhizomes. Samples were extracted by a combination of sonication and maceration methods. The research stages included testing the total terpenoid content of curcuma rhizomes, then continued with testing the antioxidant capacity using the DPPH, CUPRAC, FRAP, and ABTS methods. The results showed that the highest total terpenoid content was produced by the H solvent (hexane p.a) of 243.74 ± 8.13a mg UA/g DW and the largest antioxidant capacity was produced by the FRAP method with acetone solvent of 131.25 ± 4.33a. Based on the data, it can be concluded that terpenoids are not the main component of antioxidant compounds in curcuma rhizomes due to differences in the solvent produced between antioxidant capacity data and total terpenoid levels.
Keyword: curcuma, types of solvent, antioxidant, terpenoids

Judul: Pengembangan model probabilistic neural network (PNN) pada pengenalan kisaran usia dan jenis kelamin berbasis suara
Abstrak: Voice signal can be used to represent a speaker. Voice can also be used to recognize the age range and the gender of the speaker, because of the difference in frequency of the voice signal for different age and gender. Age range for this experiment is divided into children (8-10 years old), teenagers (12-17 years old) and adults (30-50 years old). We performed feature extraction to obtain a representation of the speaker using Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC). MFCC is used with 13, 20, 26 coefficients. Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) is used as the feature matching model. The PNN model is constructed from three different proportions of TRD (Training data) : TSD (Testing data) (25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%). MFCC with 26 coefficient gives the best accuracy of 93.47%. The proportion of 75% (TRD) : 25% (TSD) also gives the best accuracy of 94.22%. PNN-age and PNN-gender identification result in an accuracy of 91.26%. Specifically, PNN accuracy percentage for male and female are 92.26%, and 95.20%, respectively, while for children, teenagers and adults the accuracies are 99.85%, 92.28% and 95.57%, respectively. In conclusion, the average of accuracy for all categories is 91.26%. The experiment using the voice of male-teenagers gives the worst accuracy, which is caused by the overlapping frequencies of voice in children, teenagers and adults.
Keyword: Voice identification, PNN model, MFCC, Age-identification, Gender-identification