Judul: The Influence of Waste Bank on Customers’ Income and Participation in Environmental Cleanliness (Case Study: The Unit Waste Bank of Jatijajar Village)
Abstrak: Bank sampah dibentuk untuk membantu mengurangi permasalahan sampah dan kebersihan lingkungan dengan mengubah sampah agar memiliki nilai ekonomis sehingga dapat menjadi tambahan pendapatan bagi rumah tangga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh bank sampah terhadap tingkat pendapatan dan tingkat partisipasi nasabah dalam kebersihan lingkungan yang dilihat dari perbedaan nasabah dan non nasabah bank sampah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian mix method dengan menggabungkan metode kualitatif dan kuantitatif secara bertahap. Data kualitatif berasal dari observasi dan wawancara mendalam dengan informan sedangkan data kuantitatif berasal dari metode survei menggunakan kuesioner kepada 60 responden dengan proporsi 30 nasabah bank sampah sebagai responden utama dan 30 non nasabah bank sampah sebagai responden kontrol. Data kuantitatif diolah dengan Paired Sample T-Test dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara nasabah dan non nasabah bank sampah tapi tidak sebagai pengaruh dari bank sampah dengan tingkat pendapatan nasabah, namun perbedaan tersebut sebagai pengaruh dari bank sampah dengan tingkat partisipasi nasabah dalam kebersihan lingkungan., Waste banks are formed to help reduce waste and environmental cleanliness problems by converting waste to have economic value so that it can be an additional income for households. The purpose of this study is to analyze the influence of waste banks on customers' income level and participation level in environmental cleanliness as seen from the differences between customers and non-customers of waste banks. This research uses a mixed method research method by combining qualitative and quantitative methods in stages. Qualitative data is derived from observations and in-depth interviews with informants while quantitative data comes from survey methods using questionnaires to 60 respondents with a proportion of 30 waste bank customers as primary respondents and 30 non-customers of the waste bank as controlling respondents. The results showed that there is a significant difference between waste bank customers and non-customers but not as an influence of the waste bank on the level of customer income, but the difference as an influence of the waste bank with the level of customer participation in environmental cleanliness.
Keyword: participation, environmental cleanliness, household income, wastebank

Judul: Relation of Participation Level with Management  Effectiveness in the Waste Bank Program (Case: Bersih Indah dan Cantik Waste  Bank, Pasar Kemis District, Tangerang Regency, Provinsi Banten Province)
Abstrak: Bank sampah merupakan suatu sistem pengelolaan sampah kering secara kolektif yang dilakukan untuk mendorong masyarakat agar berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam pengelolaan sampah yang ada di lingkungan mereka. Pengelolaan sampah membutuhkan peran serta masyarakat baik dalam tahap pengambilan keputusan, tahap pelaksanaan, tahap menikmati hasil, dan tahap evaluasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat partisipasi dalam pengelolaan sampah dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya, efektivitas pengelolaan sampah, serta hubungan tingkat partisipasi dengan efektivitas pengelolaan dalam program bank sampah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat partisipasi berada pada kategori tinggi kecuali indikator tahap menikmati hasil dan evaluasi, sedangkan efektivitas pengelolaan sampah berada pada kategori sedang kecuali aspek kelembagaan. Terdapat hubungan ketersediaan sarana dan prasarana, ajakan teman atau anggota bank sampah dan tingkat dukungan keluarga dengan tingkat partisipasi. Terdapat hubungan tidak nyata pada indikator usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan tingkat pengetahuan, serta hubungan yang tidak nyata dan negatif pada indikator besar pendapatan dengan tingkat partisipasi. Terdapat hubungan nyata antara tingkat partisipasi dengan efektivitas pengelolaan sampah pada aspek kelembagaan, dan regulasi. Terdapat hubungan yang tidak nyata pada indikator aspek pembiayaan dan teknik operasional pengelolaan sampah., The waste bank is a collective dry waste management system which is conducted to encourage community to be active in managing the waste in their environment. Waste management involve community participation in the decision making stage, the implementation stage, the benefits stage, and the evaluation stage. The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of community participation in the waste management and the factors that influence it, the effectiveness of waste management, and also the relationship between the level of community participation and the effectiveness of management in the waste bank program. The method used in this research is a survey method with a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data through in-depth interviews and literature studies. The result showed that the level of community participation was in the high category, except for the indicators of benefit stage and evaluation stage. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of waste management is in the medium category, except for the institutional aspects. There is a relationship between the availability of facilities and infrastructure, the invitation of friends of waste bank members, and the level of family support with the level of community participation. There is also unsignificant relationship between the indicators of age, level of education, and the level of knowledge, as well as the unsignificant and negative relationship on the indicators the amount of income with the level of community participation. There is a relationship between the level of community participation with the effectiveness of the waste management in the aspect of institutional, and regulatory aspects. There is a unsignificant relationship on the indicators of the financing aspects and the operational techniques of waste management.
Keyword: bank sampah, tingkat partisipasi, pengelolaan sampah, participation level, waste bank, waste management

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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