Judul: Welfare Management and Economic Benefit Value of Deer in Lembah Paniisan Deer Captivity Subang
Abstrak: Rusa timor (Cervus timorensis) dan rusa totol (Axis axis) termasuk spesies rusa yang dikembangbiakkan di Indonesia. Jumlah populasi rusa di alam semakin terancam akibat perusakan habitat dan perburuan liar sehingga perlu adanya upaya konservasi ex-situ, salah satunya yaitu Penangkaran Rusa Lembah Paniisan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pengelolaan kesejahteraan dan menilai tingkat kesejahteraan rusa, menganalisis tingkat keberhasilan penangkaran, serta menghitung nilai manfaat ekonomi rusa dan dampak sosial ekonominya bagi masyarakat. Metode yang digunakan yaitu observasi lapang, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan kesejahteraan rusa tergolong sangat baik dengan capaian implementasi sebesar 85,10. Tingkat keberhasilan penangkaran tergolong ke dalam kategori tinggi. Nilai manfaat ekonomi rusa dihitung berdasarkan biaya pemeliharaan sebesar Rp5.650.196,08/ekor/tahun, berdasarkan harga pasar sebesar Rp28.800.000– Rp67.500.000/pasang. Nilai keuntungan usaha penangkaran untuk penjualan individu rusa tahun 2022 sebesar Rp45.903.529,41 dan tahun 2023 sebesar Rp61.204.705,88, serta keuntungan penjualan produk turunan rusa sebesar Rp50.900.000/tahun. Nilai manfaat ekonomi penangkaran bagi masyarakat yang terlibat sebagai pekerja dihitung berdasarkan nilai share and covering. Nilai share terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga sebagai perawat satwa tergolong rendah (47,08%) dan sangat rendah (20,03%) bagi tenaga kerja. Covering pendapatan penangkaran perawat satwa (66,10%) dan tenaga kerja (24,93%) tidak dapat menutupi total pengeluaran rumah tangga., The timor deer (Cervus timorensis) and the spotted deer (Axis axis) are species of deer bred in Indonesia. The number of deer populations in the wild is increasingly threatened by habitat destruction and wild hunting that requires ex-situ conservation effort, one of which is Lembah Paniisan Deer Captivity. The study aims to describe the welfare management and assess the level of welfare of deer, analyze the success rate of captivity, and calculate the value of the economic benefits of the deer and its socio-economic impact on community. The methods used are literature study, field observation, and interview. The results show that animal welfare management was rated as very good with an implementation reach of 85,10. The success rate of captivity belongs to the high category. The economic benefit value of the deer is calculated based on maintenance costs of Rp5,650,196.08/acre/year, based on the market price of Rp28,800,000–Rp67,500,000/pair. Profit value for individual deer sales of Rp45,903,529.41 in 2023 and Rp61,204,705.88 in 2022 and sales of deer-derived products of Rp50,900,00/year. The economic benefits of incarceration for the community involved as a worker are calculated based on share and covering. The share of total household income as a animal keeper is low (47.08%) and very low (20.03%) for the labor force. Covering the captivity income of animal keeper (66.10%) and labor (24.93%) could not cover the total household expenditure.
Keyword: Ekonomi, keberhasilan, kesejahteraan, penangkaran, rusa

Judul: Welfare Management and Health Status of Deer at Captivity Hutan Penelitian Dramaga, Bogor
Abstrak: Keberadaan rusa timor (Rusa timorensis), rusa sambar (Cervus unicolor), dan rusa bawean (Axis kuhlii) di alam perlu dipertahankan. Salah satu lembaga yang mendukung kegiatan konservasi eksitu tersebut adalah Penangkaran Rusa Hutan Penelitian Dramaga, Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menilai penerapan manajemen kesejahteraan satwa dan status kesehatan satwa. Data kesejahteraan rusa diperoleh melalui observasi lapang, wawancara dan pengisian kuisioner. Status kesehatan rusa berdasarkan kejadian infeksi cacing saluran pencernaan (helminthosis) diperoleh dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel feses, kemudian dianalisis secara mikroskopis melalui metode McMaster, flotasi sederhana dan saringan bertingat modifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan kesejahteraan rusa di penangkaran rusa Hutan Penelitian Dramaga tergolong “baik” dengan skor tingkat kesejahteraan satwa mencapai 73,03. Telur cacing parasit yang ditemukan yaitu Trichuris, Strongyloides dan Trematoda yang menginfeksi rusa, dengan derajat infeksi TTGT tergolong dalam kategori rendah., The existence of timor deer (Rusa timorensis), sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), and bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) in the wild needs to be preserve. One of the responsible institutions in ex-site conservation activities is deer captivity of Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor. The study was conducted to assess the implementation of animal welfare and animal health status. Data of deer walfare management was obtained by field observations, interview, and filling the questionnaire. Deer health status based on the gastrointestinal endoparasites infection (helminthosis) was obtained by collected faecal sample, then it was analyze with microscopic evaluation by McMaster, simple flotation and modification of sedimentation technique. The study shows that deer welfare management in deer captivity of Dramaga Research Forest was classified as a “good” with a score of animal walefare’s level up to 73,03. All animals were parasitized by Trichuris, Strongyloides, and Trematode with low infection intencity level EPG.
Keyword: animal health status, animal walfare, captivity, deer, helminthosis

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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