Judul: Sifat fisik dan organoleptik sosis daging sapi dengan kombinasi minyak jagung dan wortel (Daucus carota L.) yang berbeda
Abstrak: Sosis umumnya diproduksi dengan kadar lemak tinggi. Hal ini diduga dapat menyebabkan berbagai penyakit, seperti kegemukan, penyakit jantung, dan lain-lain. Mengganti lemak dengan minyak jagung dapat menjadi salah satu solusinya. Sayursayuran seperti wortel dapat pula ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan kandungan vitamin pada so sis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan organoleptik sosis sapi yang dibuat dengan kombinasi minyak jagung dan worte! yang berbeda. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan pada bulan Februari sampai Maret 2004 di Laboratorium Ruminansia Besar, Fakultas Petemakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Pasca Panen, Cimanggu, Bogor.
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Judul: Pengaruh kombinasi bahan pengikat dan bahan pingisi terhadap sifat fisik, kimia serta palatabilitas sosis sapi
Abstrak: Daging dikenal sebagai bahan pangan bernilai gizi tinggi namun bersifat mudah rusak (highly perishable). Oleh karena itu perlu teknologi pengolahan dan penanganan untuk mengurangi kerusakan daging pasca panen sekaligus meningkatkan nilai tambah pada produk yang dihasilkan. Sosis merupakan salah satu produk olahan daging. Dalam pembuatan sosis diperlukan bahan pengikat dan bahan pengisi untuk membentuk kekompakan adonan selama pemasakan. Bahan-bahan yang biasa dipakai sebagai bahan pengikat adalah yang mengandung protein tinggi dan bahan pengisi mengandung karbohidrat. Permasalahannya adalah bahwa bahan pengikat dan bahan pengisi mempunyai struktur dan kadar protein, lemak dan/atau karbohidrat yang beragam sehingga hal ini akan mempengaruhi sifat fisik, kimia dan penerimaan konsumen dari sosis yang dihasilkan. Selama ini belum dilaporkan keragaman sifat fisik, kimia serta penerimaan konsumen dari kombinasi bahan pengikat dan bahan pengisi tersebut, sehingga seberapa besar pengaruh kombinasi bahan pengikat dan bahan pengisi yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sosis terhadap sifat-sifat tersebut di atas akan diamati dalam penelitian ini. Dalam penelitian ini sebagai bahan pengikat digunakan susu skim, tepung ikan serta isolat protein kedelai dan sebagai bahan pengisi adalah tepung sagu, tepung maizena serta tepung beras ketan putih. Bahan-bahan tersebut dikombinasikan membentuk 9 perlakuan sebagai berikut: T: (susu skim + tepung sagu), T₂ (susu skim + tepung maizena), Ts (susu skim + tepung beras ketan putih), T4 (tepung ikan tepung sagu), Ts (tepung ikan tepung maizena). To (tepung ikan + tepung beras ketan putih), Ty (isolat protein kedelal tepung sagu), Ts (isolat protein kedelai + tepung maizena) dan To (isolat protein kedelai + tepung beras ketan putih). Parameter mutu sosis yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah sifat fisik sosis (daya mengikat air, keempukan dan susut masak), sifat kimia sosis (pH, kandungan air, abu, lemak, protein, Kelarutan protein dan karbohidrat) serta palatabilitas / uji organoleptik (tekstur, warna, penampakan, rasa dan penerimaan umum). dst ...
Keyword: Ceiba petandra, Sheep ramen, VFA parsal

Judul: Exchange Market Pressure and Central Bank Intervention for Three ASEAN Countries
Abstrak: Two of the exchange rate systems which are adopted by many countries are the floating and the fixed exchange rate system. Both the exchange rate systems have different characteristics. Countries that implement fixed exchange rates system tend to set their domestic currency exchange rate at a certain point. On the contrary, countries which implement floating exchange rate system tend to let their domestic currency exchange rate to move flexibly and thus their value will always change according to the demand and supply of the currency in the foreign exchange market. Countries which implement floating exchange rate system are facing the risk of fluctuation in the exchange rate of their domestic currency against foreign currencies. The currency exchange rate fluctuation may be caused by economic problems such as a financial crisis. A country can also be potentially affected by other countries’ earlier financial crisis. This effect could potentially happen if these countries are in the same region, such as ASEAN. The 1997 ASEAN economic crisis was an example of a country’s financial crisis could affect other countries. At that time, some countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand had to change their currency exchange rate system from the fixed exchange rate system to the floating exchange rate system due to the high costs which has to be incurred if they were to enforce the fixed exchange rate system. During 2002 until 2012, the domestic exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand against the U.S. dollar had tended to fluctuate. If the domestic currency exchange rate fluctuated excessively then the central bank would intervene to stabilize the exchange rate in the foreign exchange market. The pressure on domestic currency exchange rate pressures has forced the central bank to intervene. The amount of those pressures can be analyzed by calculating the Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index. Apart from that, the time when interventions are done by the central bank can be known based on EMP by calculating the Exchange Market Intervention (EMI) index. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of international pressure on the currency exchange market and monetary authorities intervene in three ASEAN countries, as well as to determine the effect of the monetary authorities intervene on the exchange rate of the domestic currency against the U.S. dollar in those three ASEAN countries. Based on the EMP index calculation results which are obtained during 2002 to 2012 period, the exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand’s domestic currency had always fluctuated and the results of the EMP index indicated that each country were under diverse level of currency exchange rate appreciation and depreciation pressures. Thailand was the country with the highest currency exchange rate pressure compared to Indonesia and Malaysia. The results on the intervention index calculation showed that Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand have intervention index between zero and one and more than one. We can also see from the intervention index that Indonesia and Thailand implement the controlled floating currency exchange rate instead of the freely floating one. Based on the calculation of the currency exchange rate by comparing
Keyword: exchange rate, exchange market pressure, intervention