Judul: Model pengendalian sedimentasi waduk akibat erosi lahan dan longsoran di Waduk Bili-Bili Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: The main objective of this research is to design the model of sedimentation control of reservoir that has sustainability oriented to improve miner and farmer incomes without dismissing environmental interests. In particular, the general objective is achieved through several phases with their aims as follows; (1) determine the level of soil erosion in the sub watershed Jeneberang, as well as the impact of land management and information to determine the direction of land management in the watershed, (2) determine the impact of caldera landslide at Jeneberang sub watershed to sedimentation rates in the Bili-Bili dam, and (3) formulate the model of sedimentation control of reservoir due to land erosion and landslide. Research is conducted in Bili-Bili dam, South Sulawesi, from Juli 2009 until Pebruari 2010. First, research has conducted to determine land erosion using MWAGNPS as a model of cell-based rainfall events with the main components were topographic maps, land use and soil type. This model able to determine the source of erosion and the erosion that occurs. Second, research was conducted based on field survey of caldera landslide at upstream and sedimentation rate in the Bili-Bili dam. And the last, design the dynamical model of sedimentation control of reservoir using Stella 9.0.2 program analysis. The Result Showed that Jeneberang sub watershed dominated by steep areas topography is 10.080 ha (26.22%) and the closure of forested land is 12.250 ha (31.87%). Simulation MWAGNPS model showed when watershed Jeneberang has 31.66 mm of rain events with 30-minute rainfall intensity (EI30) can caused erosion 44.81 tons/ha and the sedimentation rate is 2,22 tons/ha. The source of erosion in the sub watershed Jeneberang from farm/moor caused erosion is 29,552.14 tons/ha/year and a total of 4,562,625.84 tons of sediment. Caldera landslide in 2004 caused sediment flow from upstream of Jeneberang watershed was 45,027,954 m3. Sabo dam as a sediment control along the Jeneberang upstream has function effectively. It was seen from the volume flow of sediment that can be controlled up to the year 2008 is 1,915,671 m3. Sedimentation rate before the event of landslide caldera, sediment deposited in Bili-Bili dam cumulatively is 8.376 million m3 (April 2001). Five years after the landslide sediment volume has reached 75.055 million m3 in 2009. Based on Trap efficiency showed that efficiency of Bili-Bili dam was decrease from 90.81% in 1997 to 73.34% in 2005, and then increased in 2007 (92.57%) and in 2008 decrease become 89.79%. Dynamical model simulation of reservoir sedimentation control showed sedimentation in dead storage capacity increase to completed in year of 2022. Moderate and optimistic scenario more effective in decreasing sedimentation in reservoir and increasing community income especially for the miner. Finally, moderate scenario can use of sedimentation control of reservoir in Bili-Bili dam, South Sulawesi.
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Judul: Analysis of water availability, sedimentation, and organic carbon using SWAT model in the upper jeneberang watershed, South Sulawesi
Abstrak: Management of upstream watersheds is a key to get a sustainable availability of water. Moreover, failure in land managing will cause erosion which increase sedimentation in water bodies. Because of soil erosion the remnants of decaying plants on topsoil also were eroded. This case will cause carbon losses in the eroded land, which flowed into the water. Growth of population which have a tendence to increase with the time, caused increasing demand of land included in the upstream of watershed. Increased demand for land is directly proportional to the land use change and will affect watershed hydrologic condition. In the rainy season the water are not well absorbed by the land and resulted water runoff that are not utilized and caused environmental damage such as erosion and sedimentation. Sedimentation will affect the lifetime of water storage structures such as dams. With the growing volume of sediment, reservoir load will be heavier and reservoir capacity will decreased. Land use change influenced hydrological processes and also concentration of organic carbon. Objectives of the study were 1) to identify parameter-parameter of SWAT model for analyzing discharge and sediment, 2) to analyze fluctuation of discharge, sediment, and organic carbon content in sediment, and 3) to study impact of soil conservation technology applied into model. The SWAT model was applied to evaluate catchment hydrology and sediment and associated organic carbon yield using historical flow and meteorological data in the upstream of Jeneberang watershed. Sediment retrieval is done using a simple tool Experimental Sediment Trap (EST). Organic carbon content was analyzed from trapped sediment using Walkley-Black metod. The spatially distributed data (GIS input) needed for ArcSWAT interface include the Digital Elevation Map (DEM), soil data and landuse data. Meteorological data and river discharge were also used for prediction of streamflow and calibration purposes. In this study, Digital elevation map (DEM) with a resolution of 30 m × 30 m was received from ASTERGDEM. Meteorological data included daily precipitation from two rainfall stations were obtained from BPDAS Jeneberang. Soil texture, available water content, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and organic carbon content for different layers of each soil type were obtained mainly from soil map (BPDAS Pompengan-Walane) with the scale of 1:300000 and UNESCO/FAO soil database. Landuse data was obtained from BPDAS Pompengan-Jeneberang and Soil Testing Laboratory. The upstream of Jeneberang watershed, located in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is hilly agricultural area of 236 km2 with dominant rice field (30%), forest (25%), moor (23%), and coppice (21%). The downstream, approximately 9 km, is Bili-Bili multipurpose dam and reservoir. Type of soil is dominated by Eutric Cambisols (55%), Dystric Nitosols (29%), Humic Andosol (16%). Slope range dominant is greater than 30%. The climatic conditions are monsoonal with v annual precipitation of 2500-4800 mm/years. The dry period runs from July to September (precipitation < 60 mm/day) and the wet period from October to June (precipitation > 100 mm/day). The calibration was carried out daily using flow data from January to December 2001. Calibration process was done by adjusting 26 parameters using Algoritma SUFI2 and had identified 19 sensitives parameters. Simulated daily discharge matched
Keyword: discharge, Jeneberang Watershed, organic carbon, sediment, SWAT model

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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