Judul: Nilai Penting Sumberdaya Air Karst sebagai Pertimbangan Penyusunan Zonasi Taman Nasional
Abstrak: The existence of national parks provides many benefits for communities. However, the formulation of national park zoning, which is the bases for national park management in Indonesia, in general used biodiversity values which very often limit the utilization of resources within the national park. Apart from biodiversity, national parks also provide environmental services which offered greater possibility of utilization because of its non-exploitative nature or can be utilized outside the national parks’ boundaries, such as water resource. One supplier of water resource is karst landscape. National parks that have significant karst landscape should be capable in providing water as their environmental services to local communities thus enhancing benefits of national parks for improving communities’ welfare. Unfortunately, no national park in Indonesia with extensive karst landscape that formulates its zoning based on the hydrological function of karst itself. One national park with extensive karst landscape and undergoing zoning preparation is Manupeu Tanahdaru National Park (MTNP) in the province of East Nusa Tenggara. Therefore, study of potential karst water in MNTP was conducted to provide considerations for MNTP zoning formulation to aid in reducing water shortages that the local communities experienced during drought period. The main objectives of this study were to map karst water resources and determining priority areas for karst protection (karst priority). The study was conducted in MNTP from May to June 2010 to collect field data and from August to December 2010 in GIS Laboratory of Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Bogor Agricultural University. The research methods comprised of literature studies, interviews, and ground check. Data analysis was performed by spatial analysis and water demand analysis. Furthermore, descriptive analysis was done to provide explanation for the general condition, the potentials of karst water, water requirement for the local communities and water utilization by the local communities. Karst area of MTNP was proof that some karst areas are protected. Results of field identification indicated the existence of a total of 23,609.25 ha of karst area within the MTNP, covering approximately 32.33% of the entire park. Water cwhich originated from the karst aquifer would flow through the cave and channelled out as springs and gave inputs to surface water rivers. These location were spread out within the national park and partly flowing into the residential communities. The community utilized water to meet daily needs and irrigation of agricultural land. The total water demand of the community was 880,682,366 litres/year. Water requirements could only be met for 6 months with the assumption that water could be stored for 2 months after 4 months of rainy season. Interviews with resource person and local communities showed that there were as many as 19 out of 22 villages that experienced water shortages, especially during dry season. The villages that were experiencing the most water shortages were located adjacent to the MTNP’s area. Water potential and the presence of karst areas should be taken into consideration in determining priority karst area. The total area of karst in MTNP priority was 15,934.29 ha or 69.35% of the total area of the karst. Under national park’s zoning,
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Judul: Water Conservation Planning in the Karst Area of Bukit Cibodas-Bogor and its Surroundings
Abstrak: Kawasan karst memiliki keunikan secara hidrologi sehingga diperlukan upaya konservasi air guna melestarikan kawasan ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan upaya konservasi air di kawasan karst baik secara struktural maupun non – struktural. Analisis yang dilakukan meliputi status daya dukung lingkungan, kapasitas simpan air, potensi suplai air, serta perencanaan konservasi air melalui perencanaan tutupan lahan dan bangunan penangkap mata air. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kawasan karst Bukit Cibodas - Bogor. Kawasan karst dan sekitarnya memiliki ketersediaan air dari curah hujan andalan sebesar 14,80 x 10⁶ m³ dengan kapasitas simpan air sebesar 0,98 x 10⁶ m³ (44%). Estimasi jejak ekologi kebutuhan air (water footprint) sebesar 35,38 x 10⁶ m³/tahun. Status daya dukung lingkungan sumberdaya air pada kawasan karst dan sekitarnya yaitu “terlampaui” (overshoot) dengan rasio supply/demand sebesar 0,4. Kapasitas simpan air kawasan karst sebesar 0,98 x 10⁶ m³ dengan potensi debit suplai air sebesar 0,19 m³/detik. Upaya konservasi air pada kawasan karst dan sekitarnya yang dapat dilakukan diantaranya adalah dengan konversi lahan pertambangan dan fasilitasnya menjadi hutan yang berimplikasi terhadap peningkatan kapasitas simpan air sebesar 0,02 x10⁶ m³ (3%) menjadi 1,00 x10⁶ m³. Tipe bangunan penangkap mata air yang disarankan yaitu tipe IA kapasitas 0,02 m3/detik dengan perkiraan biaya sebesar Rp.75.159.000., The karst area is hydrologically unique, so water conservation efforts are needed to preserve this area. This study aims to plan water conservation efforts in karst areas, both structurally and non-structurally. The analysis includes the status of environmental carrying capacity, water storage capacity, water supply potential, and water conservation planning through land cover planning and broncapturing building. This research was conducted in the karst area of Bukit Cibodas - Bogor. The karst area and its surroundings have water availability from reliable rainfall of 14,80 x 10⁶ m with a water storage capacity of 0,98 x 10⁶ m³ (44%). The estimated ecological footprint (water footprint) is 35,38 x 10⁶ m³/year. The status of the environmental carrying capacity in the area is “overshoot” with supply/demand ratio of 0,4. The water storage capacity of the karst area is 0,98 x 10⁶ m³ with a potential discharge of water supply of 0,19 m³/second. Water conservation efforts in the area that can be carried out include converting mining land into forests which has implications for increasing water storage capacity by 0,02 x10⁶ m³ (3%) to 1,00 x10⁶ m³. The recommended type of broncapturing building is IA with capacity 0,02 m3/second an estimated cost Rp. 75.159.000.
Keyword: Conservation, Water, Karst

Judul: Enteric Collibacillosis Pada Anak Babi Baru Lahir: Patogenesa dan Perubahan-Perubahan Patologisnya
Abstrak: Diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada anak-anak babi baru lahir yang peka terhadap en terotoksin produk bakteri tersebut. Dikenal sebagai colibacillosis. Patogenesa dari colibacillosis anak babi baru lahir adalah (1) infeksi oleh E. coli patogen, (2) proliferasi E. coli di lumen usus halus, (3) produksi dan pelepasan enterotoksin, dan (4) aktifitas toksin pada usus halus. Dalam proses proliferasi, adanya antigen pili K88 sangat penting karena memungkinkan bakteri perlekatan dengan epitel mucosa usus halus. mengadakan Setelah ko lonisasi dan proliferasi segera toksin dilepaskan. Akti- fitas toksin menginduksi sekresi yang berlebihan dari u- sus sehingga banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan ke lumen usus. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak cairan dan elektrolit hilang sehingga timbul diare, dehidrasi dan asidosis yang sering menyebabkan kematian. Perubahan-perubahan patologis yang umum adalah dis tensi usus halus, dilatasi lambung dan infark pada kurva- tura mayor. Perubahan-perubahan histologis yang terjadi adalah enteritis hemorrhagica acuta, oedem dan kongesti pembuluh darah di lamina propria, akumulassi leukosit inti polimorf, sel monosit, dan inti sel mengalami piknosis Thrombus pada vena dan degenerasi serta desquamasi sel epitel usus….
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