Judul: Kinetika Inhibisi Flavonoid Sidaguri (Sida rhombi/alia L.) Terhadap Enzim Xantin Oksidase
Abstrak: Sidaguri is one of the traditional medicinal plants that has a potency as antigout. It has been reported that flavonoid from sidaguri could inhibit activity of x~hine oxidase enzyme (causes gout) up to 55,29% (Iswantini & Darusman, 200~ The aim of this research is to investigate the type of sidaguri's flavonoid crud~ extract kinetic inhibition and the effects of purification on inhibitory poterWY that have never been studied. The result of this research showed that sidagWi's extraction has yielded 11,85% flavonoid crude extract (LCso 501,23 ppm)~ith inhibitory effect from 47,71 % until 70,71% (100-800 ppm). Generally, the eSract has a good potential as gout medicine although it was tested in low conc~tration from the extract's toxicity rate. The kinetic inhibition of 200 ppm crudeDextract caused the increment ofKM (1,15 mM or increase 132%) from 0,87 roM i> 2,02 roM and without changed of V max. Based on that, the type of VI inhibinon is competitive inhibition (Webb 1963). Purification yielded 11 fracti~s and the highest activity came from fraction 4 (inhibitory effect of 79,09!'o). The purification has caused low increase of potent inhibitory effect. Fract~n 3 with 100 ppm has a bit higher inhibitory effect (51,58%) compare to the cI!oe extract at same concentration (47,71%) or increase 8,11%. In general the poten1l:linhibitory effect from purification result has lower strength compare to the 100 Ifm crude extract. GC-MS analysis from fraction 4 showed that there were 39 or..gruric compounds with BM estimation of 152-454 glmol. Based on FT-IR and GC-MS analysis, strengthened with phytochemical test we estimate that the potential compound with xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity is flavonoid compound.
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Judul: Perbandingan metode ektraksi flavonoid dan terpenoid dari sidaguri serta daya inhibisi ekstrak terhadap aktivitas xantin oksidase
Abstrak: Sidaguri merupakan tumbuhan liar yang dipercaya memiliki banyak kegunaan sebagai bahan obat di antaranya antiinflamasi, antituberkulosis, antibakteri, dan antigout. Khasiat obat sidaguri khususnya sebagai antigout tidak terlepas dari kandungan senyawa yang dimilikinya. Senyawa flavonoid dan terpenoid merupakan dua di antara senyawa yang terkandung dalam sidaguri. Kedua senyawa ini memiliki ciri struktur dan kegunaan yang berbeda. Pemilihan metode ekstraksi dimaksudkan selain dapat menghasilkan ekstrak yang relatif banyak, juga tidak mengurangi aktivitas farmakologis dari tanaman tersebut. Penelitian inı bertujuan mencari metode ekstraksi terbaik terhadap golongan senyawa flavonoid dan terpenoid dan melihat efek inhibisinya terhadap aktivitas xantin oksidase berdasarkan khasiatnya sebagai antigout. Herba sidaguri diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi, soxhletasi dan sonikasi menggunakan pelarut heksana, kloroform, dan metanol. Ekstrak metanol dan kloroform masing-masing diteruskan untuk memperoleh ekstrak flavonoid dan terpenoid. Dari hasil rendemen dan pola Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), ekstrak flavonoid hasil soxhletasi memiliki rendemen terbesar (4,90%) dengan pola KLT terdiri dari 5 spot yang cukup terpisah. Ekstrak flavonoid soxhletasi kemudian dipisahkan komponen- komponennya dengan KLT preparatif dengan eluen n-butanol: asam asetat: air 4:1:5. Komponen yang dipisahkan kemudian diuji daya inhibisinya terhadap aktivitas xantin oksidase. Hasil pengujian dari fraksi- fraksi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa fraksi I memiliki daya inhibisi terbesar pada konsentrasi 50 ppm dengan inhibisi sebesar 96,76%. Spektrum ultraviolet fraksi I menunjukkan adanya transisi dari π-π' yang dihasilkan oleh kromofor C-C, dan transisi n-o yang dihasilkan oleh kromofor -OH, -C-O, dan -C=O. Analisis spektrum inframerah menunjukkan adanya gugus -C-C, OH, and C-O. Berdasarkan hasil uji fitokimia dan data spektrum, senyawa aktif yang menginhibisi aktivitas xantin oksidase mengarah kepada golongan flavonoid.
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Judul: Pengembangan model probabilistic neural network (PNN) pada pengenalan kisaran usia dan jenis kelamin berbasis suara
Abstrak: Voice signal can be used to represent a speaker. Voice can also be used to recognize the age range and the gender of the speaker, because of the difference in frequency of the voice signal for different age and gender. Age range for this experiment is divided into children (8-10 years old), teenagers (12-17 years old) and adults (30-50 years old). We performed feature extraction to obtain a representation of the speaker using Mel-Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC). MFCC is used with 13, 20, 26 coefficients. Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) is used as the feature matching model. The PNN model is constructed from three different proportions of TRD (Training data) : TSD (Testing data) (25%:75%, 50%:50%, 75%:25%). MFCC with 26 coefficient gives the best accuracy of 93.47%. The proportion of 75% (TRD) : 25% (TSD) also gives the best accuracy of 94.22%. PNN-age and PNN-gender identification result in an accuracy of 91.26%. Specifically, PNN accuracy percentage for male and female are 92.26%, and 95.20%, respectively, while for children, teenagers and adults the accuracies are 99.85%, 92.28% and 95.57%, respectively. In conclusion, the average of accuracy for all categories is 91.26%. The experiment using the voice of male-teenagers gives the worst accuracy, which is caused by the overlapping frequencies of voice in children, teenagers and adults.
Keyword: Voice identification, PNN model, MFCC, Age-identification, Gender-identification