Judul: Studi tentang Metode Pengukuran Kecepatan Renag Ikan dengan Menggunakan Alat Rekam Video
Abstrak: IPB Universit Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari suatu metoda pengukuran kecepatan renang ikan, yakni dengan menggunakan alat rekam video beserta perlengkapannya. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui kecepatan renang ikan Herring (Clupea harengus L.) pada berbagai tingkat kekenyangan dengan metoda tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan pengukuran ulang kecepatan renang ikan Herring (Clupea harengus L. ) dari hasil rekaman video yang dilakukan oleh Pentury (1989) pada eksperimennya tentang tingkah laku ikan tersebut di laboratorium University College of North Wales, Inggris. Eksperimen tersebut dilakukan pada tangki percobaan dengan perlakuan tingkat pemberian pakan yang berbeda-beda, yakni kenyang dan lapar, serta lokasi pakan dalam satu lokasi, dua lokasi sebanding dan dua lokasi tidak sebanding...
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Judul: Studi Tentang Distribusi Kecepatan Renang lkan Pelagis di Perairan Selat Sunda dengan Sistem Akustik Bim Terbagi
Abstrak: Metoda akustik bim terbagi (split beam) mampu mendeteksi kecepatan renang ikan dan arah renangnya. Arah dan kecepatan renang ikan dapat digunakan sebagai parameter untuk menjelaskan tingkah laku ikan. Sehubungan dengan jenis-jenis usaha perikanan komersial, berbagai aspek tingkah laku renang ikan ini demikian penting, terutama karena hal ini menyangkut perencanaan, pemilihan serta pengoperasian alat penangkap yang sedang ataupun yang akan digunakan. Dalam rangka peningkatan efisiensi dan efektifitas baik alat, kapal, hasil dan keuntungan, pengetahuan tingkah laku renang menjadi besar manfaatnya, mengingat banyak jenis ikan yang bergerombol dan perenang cepat.
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis