Judul: Performance of Lumbricus rubellus towards Addition of Eggshell Powder as Culture Media with Different Types and Percentages
Abstrak: Lumbricus rubellus adalah salah satu spesies cacing tanah yang sudah banyak dibudidaya karena kegunaannya sebagai bahan pakan ternak dan ikan. Media pemeliharaan cacing tanah yang optimal adalah kotoran ternak dan kompos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati performa dari Lumbricus rubellus setelah diberi tepung cangkang telur dengan jenis dan persentase yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis tepung cangkang telur yang berbeda yaitu, tepung cangkang telur yang dibuat sendiri dengan kode TTB dan tepung cangkang yang dijual secara komersial di toko pakan hewan dengan kode TTK. Persentase untuk masing-masing tepung cangkang telur yang dicampur dengan kotoran sapi adalah 10%, 20%, dan 30%. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Peubah yang diamati terdiri atas pertambahan bobot, jumlah segmen dari klitelum sampai kepala, dan jumlah kokon dari Lumbricus rubellus. Hasil dari penelitian ini diketahui bahwa penambahan tepung cangkang telur sebanyak 10% menunjukkan pertambahan bobot cacing tanah yang lebih tinggi dari perlakuan lainnya tetapi produksi kokon perlakuan tersebut lebih rendah dari kontrol (tepung cangkang telur 0%).
Keyword: eggshell powder, Lumbricus rubellus, performance

Judul: Performa Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) pada Media Kotoran Sapi dengan Penambahan Tepung Kulit Kakao
Abstrak: Earthworms are one of the decomposer organisms, decomposition by hworms can be 3-5 times faster than microbes. Earthworm media from cow ng can be added to other wastes that have been fermented or decomposed. Cow ng and cocoa shell waste can be used as a medium for growing earthworms. s study aims to analyze the performance of worms (Lumbricus rubellus) on le manure with the addition of cocoa shell as a living medium with different els. The design used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) h 4 (four) treatments and 1 (one) control, each of which was repeated 3 (three) es and analyzed by Tukey's follow-up test. The rearing medium with the ition of cocoa shell flour had an effect (P<0.05) on improving the performance earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus). The addition of cocoa shell powder to cow ng media is up to 15% better than other treatments because it can improve the formance of earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) including the total worm weight 111.67 grams, cocoon production of 134.00 grains and an average reduced dia of 569.33 grams.
Keyword: cattle manure, cocoa shell, earthworm, performance

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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