Judul: Pengkajian algoritma exchange untuk analisis regresi linear bergerombol dengan metode kuadrat terkecil
Abstrak: Nonlinear relationships and heterogeneous subjects are common problems in regression. These problems may happen because of many causes, such as due to the fact that data consist of several groups which each group has specific regression function. Unfortunately, in most cases, it is not known a priori which subset of observations should be approximated with which specific regression function. Clusterwise linear regression by Ordinary least square approach which is implemented with exchange algorithm is one of the proven method that can be implemented to find the optimal clusters that can optimize the objective function. This method is recommended to overcome the nonlinearity and heterogeneity of existing data. The weakness of this method is that the more number of cluster and observation are, the longer likely to compute. And there is still miss clustering on a data set which has an overlapping observations.
Keyword: ordinary least square, exchange algorithm, clusterwise linear regression

Judul: Analisis Regresi Linear Gerombol Dengan Algoritma Pertukaran (Exchange Algorithm).
Abstrak: Analisis regresi linear pada suatu gugus data memiliki kemungkinan mempunyai lebih dari satu model regresi. Model-model regresi linear tersebut tidak dapat diduga dengan menggunakan satu model regresi, sehingga analisis regresi linear standar tidak dapat digunakan. Kondisi tersebut diduga disebabkan oleh adanya subpopulasi yang belum diketahui. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan metodologi lain untuk mendeteksi gerombol tersembunyi tersebut untuk menduga subpopulasi. Regresi linear gerombol merupakan salah satu jenis analisis regresi yang penting dalam pendugaan model untuk data yang memiliki subpopulasi yang belum diketahui. Regresi linear gerombol adalah teknik penggerombolan berdasarkan karakteristik parameter regresi untuk menemukan dan merekonstruksi struktur tersembunyi dari suatu contoh yang diambil secara acak dari populasi yang memiliki subpopulasi yang belum diketahui. Metode pendugaan parameter regresi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode kuadrat terkecil. Pengoptimuman amatan yang masuk ke dalam gerombol digunakan algoritma pertukaran. Algoritma pertukaran menggerombolkan berdasarkan kemiripan karakteristik parameter regresi dengan kriteria optimumnya adalah minimum jumlah dari jumlah kuadrat galat (JJKG). Pada penelitian ini akan digunakan dua pendekatan yang berbeda pada proses inisialisasi. Inisialisasi pertama menggunakan inisialisasi acak dan inisialisasi yang kedua menggunakan inisialisasi regresi kekar yaitu least median of squares (LMS). Data pada penelitian ini terdiri dari dua sumber yaitu data simulasi dan data kasus terapan. Data simulasi terdiri dari 2 gugus data dengan 2 gerombol, 3 gugus data dengan 3 gerombol dan 1 gugus data tanpa gerombol. Data pada kasus terapan yang digunakan yaitu data ekonomi, kesehatan dan pendidikan pada anggaran pendapatan belanja daerah (APBD) terhadap data indeks pembangunan manusia (IPM) seluruh kota/kabupaten di Jawa Timur tahun 2013. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa inisialisasi acak lebih baik dalam pendugaan banyaknya subpopulasi dibandingkan inisialisasi LMS namun proses komputasi inisialisasi acak lebih lama dibandingkan dengan inisialisasi LMS karena inisialisasi acak menduga banyaknya subpopulasi dengan over-fitting. Inisialisasi dengan LMS juga tidak dapat mendeteksi jika tidak terdapat gerombol pada gugus data. Hasil pada kasus terapan menunjukkan bahwa gugus data memiliki 2 gerombol berdasarkan identifikasi data produk domestik regional bruto (PDRB) dan data pendidikan. Gerombol pertama merupakan gerombol kota dan gerombol kedua merupakan gerombol kabupaten.
Keyword: analisis regresi, metode kuadrat terkecil, algoritma pertukaran, regresi kekar, clusterwise

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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