Judul: The Effectiveness of Herbal Herbs in Drinking Water on the Performance of Peking Ducks 1–8 Weeks Old
Abstrak: Pemberian jamu herbal merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk memperbaiki efisiensi pakan itik peking, sehingga diperoleh pendapatan yang lebih tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji efektivitas jamu kombinasi kencur, bawang putih, jahe, lengkuas, kunyit, temulawak, daun sirih hijau, dan kayu manis terhadap performa itik peking yang mendapat pakan komersial ayam broiler umur 1 hari-8 minggu. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Itik peking sebanyak 150 ekor dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu (P0 = kontrol, P1= air minum + jamu herbal 0,5%, P2 = air minum + jamu herbal 1%, P3 = air minum + jamu herbal 1,5%, dan P4 = air minum + jamu herbal 2%), dengan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diukur terdiri atas konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum, mortalitas, dan income over feed and duck cost (IOFDC). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan tingkat mortalitas, konversi pakan, dan nilai income over feed and duck cost, penambahan jamu herbal 1,0% dalam air minum itik peking memberikan hasil yang terbaik., Giving herbal medicine is one of the efforts that can be done to improve the efficiency of feed for Peking ducks. This study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of a combination of kencur, garlic, ginger, galangal, turmeric, temulawak, green betel leaf, and cinnamon on the performance of Peking ducks aged 1 day-8 week. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD). 150 Peking ducks were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely (P0 = control, P1 = drinking water + 0.5% herbal medicine, P2 = drinking water + 1% herbal medicine, P3 = drinking water + 1.5% herbal medicine, and P4 = drinking water + 2 % herbal medicine), with 3 replications. The variables measured consisted of feed consumption, drinking water consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, ration conversion, mortality, and income over feed and duck cost (IOFDC). The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. Based on the mortality rate, the efficiency of feed use, and the value of income over feed and duck cost, the addition of 1.0% herbal medicine in drinking water for Peking ducks gave the best results.
Keyword: peking duck, herbal medicine, Peking duck, performance, herbal medicine

Judul: Hybrid Ducks Performance and Abdominal Fat Percentage after the Drinking Water was Supplemented by Gotu Kola (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) and Cherry Leaves Herb (Muntingia calabura L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian herbal pegagan (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) dan daun kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) dalam air minum terhadap performa, organ limfoid, persentase karkas dan lemak abdominal itik hibrida. Penelitian ini menggunakan 96 ekor itik hibrida (peking x khaki campbell) umur 15 hari yang diberi pakan komersial dan dibagi menjadi 3 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan yaitu : P0 (kontrol), P1 (5 mL campuran herbal (pegagan dan daun kersen)), dan P2 (10 mL campuran herbal (pegagan dan daun kersen)). Variabel yang diamati adalah pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, konsumsi air minum, mortalitas, karkas, lemak abdominal, bursa fabricius, limfa, dan timus. Pengambilan lemak abdominal dan organ limfoid dilakukan setelah tiga minggu perlakuan. Data dianalisis varian (ANOVA) dan jika ada perbedaan nyata antar perlakuan dianalisis dengan Uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplementasi herbal pegagan dan daun kersen dalam air minum tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, konversi ransum, konsumsi air minum, mortalitas, karkas, lemak abdominal, dan organ limfoid itik hibrida. Suplementasi herbal pegagan dan daun kersen melalui air minum belum dapat menurunkan persentase lemak abdominal itik hibrida. Konversi ransum itik hibrida umur 3-5 minggu berkisar antara 2,59-3,02. Suplementasi herbal pegagan dan daun kersen tidak berdampak negatif terhadap organ limfoid itik hibrida., The study aim was to evaluate the effect of Gotu Kola and Cherry leaves herbs supplement in drinking water on hybrid ducks performance, lymphoid organs, carcass and abdominal fat percentage. This study used 96 hybrid ducks (Peking x Khaki Campbell) age 15 days old which were given commercial feed and divided into 3 treatments and 4 replications. The experimental design was completely randomized design (CRD) with treatments were : P0 (control), P1 (5 mL of herbal mix (gotu kola and cherry leaves)), and P2 (10 mL of herbal mix (gotu kola and cherry leaves)). The variables observed were body weight gain, feed consumption, feed convertion ratio, water consumption, mortality, carcass, abdominal fat, bursa fabricius, lymph, and thymus. The abdominal fat and lymphoid organs was measured after three weeks of treatment. Data were analyzed of Variance and significant differences between the treatments were analyzed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The result showed that gotu kola and cherry leaves herb supplement in drinking water have no significant effect (p>0,05) on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed convertion ratio, water consumption, mortality rate, carcass, abdominal fat and lymphoid organs. Gotu kola and cherry leaves herb supplement in drinking water hasn‟t been able to decrease the abdominal fat percentage of hybrid ducks. Feed convertion ratio of hybrid ducks age 3-5 weeks old ranged from 2,59-3,02. Gotu kola and cherry leaves mix supplement didn‟t negatively affect the lymphoid organs of hybrid ducks.
Keyword: abdominal fat, cherry leaves herb, gotu kola herb, hybrid ducks, production performance, daun kersen, itik hibrida, lemak abdominal, pegagan, performa produksi

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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