Judul: Uji Keamanan Vaksin DNA GP-11 Terhadap Mikroba Akuatik di Media Akuakultur
Abstrak: DNA vaccine to prevent infection with koi herpes virus (KHV) in fish is a product of genetic engineering which is feared to be able to transmit bacteria in waters and affect biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of the KHV GP-11 DNA vaccine which was applied by immersion against aquatic microbes in an aquaculture environment. Bacteria of normal flora in water containing DNA vaccine were isolated at 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The bacteria were spread in 25 L of culture media containing ampicillin (25 g/μL). The bacteria that grew on the media were 18 isolates and among these bacteria were Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter. Bacteria were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to prove the presence of the GP-11 plasmid DNA vaccine. The PCR analysis showed that normal flora bacteria in water could not uptake or take the GP-11 DNA plasmid vaccine from E.coli DH5α bacteria containing the plasmid, so it can be said that the anti-KHV DNA vaccine was not transmitted to aquatic bacteria or normal flora in the media used for vaccination using DNA vaccine GP-11. The results of the application of the GP-11 DNA vaccine with a dose of 10 ml and 100 ml by immersion did not transfer the DNA vaccine plasmid microbes in the water.
Keyword: bacteria, KHV, normal flora, transmission

Judul: Uji keamanan lingkungan vaksin DNA anti-KHV: uji in vivo dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada periode interaksi berbeda
Abstrak: Environmental safety assessment of the DNA vaccine Anti-KHV is required before it applied widely. This research aimed to examine interaction possibility of anti-KHV DNA vaccine and bacteria in fish body within 1, 7, and 20 days post interaction subsequently. DNA vaccine (12.5 μg/100 μL PBS) and bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila (106 cfu/mL) were injected to common carp (6-8 cm in total body length). Treatment A fish was injected with vaccine first and 24 hours afterward with bacteria. Treatment B fish were injected vaccine and bacteria simultaneously. Treatment C fish was injected bacteria first and 24 hours afterward with vaccine. Treatment D fish was injected with bacteria only. At day 1, 7, and 20, bacteria were isolated from blood and kidney using TSA media containing ampicilin (0.05 ppt). The results showed that several isolates grew in the bacterial culture media. However, DNA analysis revealed that no isolates contained DNA vaccine. Those indicates that no DNA vaccine transferred to A. hydrophila; hence it concluded that DNA vaccine is safe for environment.
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Judul: Kajian Awal Karakteristik Konsumen dan Strategi Pemasaran Produk Mebel Kayu
Abstrak: Persingan perusallaan-perusahaan niebel kay~t di itidonesia semakin tiieningkat seiriiig iienga~i nienitigkattiya jumlah perusallaan tnebel kayu. Berdasarkan data BPS ( 1996). jumlall perusahaati iiiebel kayu berjumlah 648 perusahaan dan nilai produksi niebel kayu dari tahun 1993 sartipai I995 di l~idonesiam e~iingkats ekitar 27 persen serta ekspor mebel kayu dari taliun 1994 sanlpai 1995 meningkat sekitar 14 persen setiap taliunnya.
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