Judul: The Incidence of Plasmodium Infection in  Tarsius spp. and Nycticebus coucang at Primate Research Center IPB  Through Molecular Examination of Stool Samples
Abstrak: Penyakit infeksius memiliki pengaruh yang nyata terhadap penurunan populasi primata. Adanya kejadian infeksi Plasmodium pada primata membuat penelitian mengenai malaria semakin sering dilakukan pada primata endemik seperti Tarsius spp. dan Nycticebus coucang. Di penangkaran Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB (PSSP IPB), keberadaan Plasmodium pada Tarsius spp. dan N. coucang belum pernah dilaporkan. Pertimbangan etis yang melarang pengambilan darah dan jaringan dari primata, menjadikan sampel feses sebagai pilihan yang lebih aman untuk digunakan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan DNA Plasmodium dari sampel feses Tarsius spp. dan N. coucang di penangkaran PSSP IPB. Sampel feses diambil dari kandang Tarsius spp. (n=8) dan kandang N. coucang (n=6) di penangkaran PSSP IPB. DNA dari sampel feses diamplifikasi dengan nested polymerase chain reaction. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya dugaan kejadian infeksi Plasmodium pada Tarsius spectrum kandang nomor enam, sedangkan pada N. coucang tidak ditemukan infeksi Plasmodium., Infectious disease has a significant effect on decreasing the population of primate. The infection of a primate with Plasmodium iniated resurgence of Non-Human Primate malaria research on endemic primate such as Tarsius spp. and Nycticebus coucang. Ethical considerations that prohibit the collection of blood and tissue from primate, making stool sample as a safer option for use. In captivity Primate Research Center IPB (PSSP IPB), there are no recent studies on Plasmodium infection in Tarsius spp. and N. coucang. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect DNA of Plasmodium from the stool of Tarsius spp. and N. coucang in captivity PSSP IPB. Stool samples were collected from Tarsius spp. cages (n=8) and N. coucang cages (n=6) in capticity PSSP IPB. Extracted DNA from stool samples was used for molecular diagnosis of Plasmodium infection by nested polymerase chain reaction. The result of this study showed that the Tarsius spectrum in cage number six was suspected to be infected with Plasmodium whereas in N. coucang there was no Plasmodium infection.
Keyword: DNA, Nycticebus coucang, Plasmodium, PSSP IPB, Tarsius spectrum

Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Plasmodium sp. pada Macaca fascicularis dan Macaca nemestrina di Penangkaran Eksitu Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Plasmodium is a protozoan parasite that caused malaria which transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito. A total of 27 (11.70%) positive parasites out of 316 blood samples of Macaca fascicularis and 18 positive samples from 166 blood samples of M. nemestrina were identified by microscopic examination. The objective of this study was to determine species specific based on molecular analysis using primer specifics to detect P. knowlesi, P. inui, P. fieldi, P. coatneyi and P. cynomolgi through nested Polymerase Chain Reaction, The results showed 8 out of 27 samples were positive for P. inui in M. fascicularis, whereas in M. nemestrina from 18 blood samples only 2 were positive for P. inui. The rest of microscopic positive samples were negative to the other 5 primer specifics. Based on these results, Macaca species from ex-situ captive breeding colony in West Java were positive for P. inui and this confirmed the potential zoonotic disease of Plasmodium species from M. fascicularis and M. nemestrina.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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