Judul: Fraksinasi protein antikanker dari kapang laut Xylaria psidii KT30 dan sitotoksisitasnya terhadap sel He La
Abstrak: Cervical cancer is the most common death cause of cancer in Indonesia after human breast cancer. One of the efforts of cancer treatment is the utilization of natural product. Some microorganism have potential as anticancer such as endophytic fungi. Endophytic fungi from the marine habitats can be isolated from seaweeds, seagrasses, sponges, and mangroves. Xylaria psidii KT30 is fungus from seaweed that can produce anticancer protein. This study aimed to obtain protein fraction from Xylaria psidii KT30 and determine their toxicity against Chang and HeLa cells. The research was carried out in 3 stages. Phase 1 Xylaria psidii KT30 was cultivated in Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) medium, the metabolites was extracted using 90% of ammonium sulfate. Phase 2 the toxicity was determined by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Phase 3 was the final stage, the fractionation process was conducted using DEAE Sephadex A-50 column chromatography and cytotoxic assay using Chang (ATCC CCL 13) and HeLa (ATCC CCL 2) cells. Xylaria psidii KT30 yielded 0,090% of extracellular protein. The results revealed that LC50 of protein extract was 104,95 ppm. Fractionation of protein produced five protein fraction groups comprised of fraction I (2-12), fraction II (13-49), fraction III (50-61), fraction IV (62-72), and fraction V (73-100). Based on the results of SDS-PAGE, the molecular weight of selected fractions were 23,99; 32,88 and 37,30 kDa. Cytotoxicity assay results in Chang cells showed that the crude extract and fractions of selected proteins (F3.1, F3.2, and F4) was not active against normal cells with inhibition less than 50%, while in IC50 value of HeLa cell protein fractions F3.1, F3.2 and F4 against cervical cancer cells (HeLa) in this study could not be determined because in highest concentration (1080 mg/mL) did not produce % inhibition more than 50% of the HeLa cells. The results revealed that IC50 of the crude extract proteins of marine fungus was 69,89 μg/mL.
Keyword: BSLT, cervical cancer, MTT assay, Xylaria psidii

Judul: Antioxidant, Anticancer, and Total Flavonoid of Spirulina Extract (Spirulina platensis) in Cervical Cancer HeLa Cells
Abstrak: Kanker serviks merupakan kanker dengan kasus terbanyak keempat yang terjadi secara global. Alternatif obat kemoterapi dibutuhkan karena obat ini dapat menyerang sel normal tubuh. Spirulina memiliki potensi sebagai antikanker karena memiliki senyawa flavonoid yang juga bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan, antikanker, dan total flavonoid pada ekstrak etanol spirulina dari dua produsen yang berbeda. Spirulina diekstraksi dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol. Hasil ekstraksi diukur kadar total flavonoid, aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan Ferric-reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), dan aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel kanker serviks HeLa dengan metode Monotetrazolium (MTT). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar total flavonoid tertinggi diperoleh oleh sampel produsen B sebesar 12,52 ± 0,23 mg QE/g DW. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi terdapat pada sampel produsen B sebesar 16,55 ± 0,1 µmol TE/g DW. Ekstrak etanol spirulina kedua produsen menunjukkan adanya inhibisi sel kanker serviks HeLa sebesar 34,68 ± 1,06% pada konsentrasi 200 ppm sampel produsen A, dan 33,85 ± 2,23% pada konsentrasi 50 ppm sampel produsen B namun lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan doksorubisin., Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer globally. Alternatives to chemotherapy drugs are needed because these drugs can attack the body's normal cells. Spirulina has potential as an anticancer by its flavonoid compounds that are also useful as antioxidants in the body. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, anticancer, and total flavonoids in ethanol extracts of spirulina from two different producers. Spirulina was extracted by maceration method using ethanol solvent. The extraction results were measured for total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity using Ferric-Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP), and cytotoxic activity against HeLa cervical cancer cells using Monotetrazolium (MTT) method. The results showed that the highest total flavonoid content was obtained by sample of producer B at 12.52 ± 0.23 mg QE/g DW. Highest antioxidant activity was found in sample of producer B at 16.55 ± 0.1 µmol TE/g DW. The ethanol extract of spirulina of both producers showed the inhibition of HeLa cervical cancer cells, 34.68 ± 1.06% at a concentration of 200 ppm for sample of producer A, and 33.85 ± 2.23% in 50 ppm for sample of producer B.
Keyword: Antikanker, Antioksidan, spirulina, Anticancer, Antioxidant, Sel HeLa, HeLa Cells

Judul: Pemodelan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap US Dollar Menggunakan Deret  Waktu Hidden Markov Dua Waktu Sebelumnya
Abstrak: Nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dollar mengalami perubahan setiap waktunya dalam periode yang panjang dan perubahan yang terjadi mungkin terjadi kembali di masa mendatang. Jika penyebab kejadiannya tidak diamati secara langsung dan membentuk suatu rantai Markov maka perubahan nilai tukar Rupiah dapat dimodelkan dengan model deret waktu hidden Markov. Untuk menggambarkan perilaku nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dollar, dalam karya ilmiah ini digunakan model deret waktu hidden Markov dua waktu sebelumnya. Model ini mengasumsikan bahwa nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap US Dollar bergantung pada rantai Markov yang merupakan penyebab kejadian yang tidak diamati dan nilai tukar Rupiah dua waktu sebelumnya.
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