Judul: Reviewing the Drainage System of Lubuk  Sikaping City
Abstrak: Sistem drainase perkotaan terbangun yang tidak memadai menyebabkan terjadinya genangan pada beberapa wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang sistem drainase perkotaan. Hasil analisis debit rencana untuk saluran lateral antara 0,07 – 1,46 m3/detik, debit rencana untuk saluran kolektor antara 1,87 – 2,92 m3/detik dan debit rencana pada saluran utama sebesar 5,07 m3/detik. Hasil analisis dimensi pada saluran lateral yaitu untuk lebar dasar saluran 0,26 – 1,21 m dengan kedalaman 0,46 – 1,41 m, adapaun dimensi saluran kolektor lebar saluran 1,4 – 1,6 m dan kedalaman 1,6 – 1,8 m, dimensi saluran utama dengan lebar dasar saluran 2,25 m dan kedalaman saluran 2,55 m. Beberapa (sebagian) saluran lateral terbangun memiliki kapasitas yang kurang memadai dan tidak memadai, kapasitas saluran kolektor dan saluran utama seluruhnya tidak memadai. Tingginya sedimen dan inlet yang rusak menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya banjir dan genangan. Meskipun saluran terbangun telah berfungsi dengan baik (tidak rusak), namun tingginya sedimen pada saluran menyebabkan kapasitas saluran berkurang. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan peningkatan dimensi saluran lateral, saluran kolektor dan saluran utama yang tidak memadai. Selain itu, perlu juga dilakukan pembersihan sedimen pada saluran yang kurang memadai dan perbaikan inlet khususnya pada DTA 1., Inadequate built urban drainage system causes inundation in several areas. This study aims to review the urban drainage system. The results of the analysis of the design discharge for the lateral channel are between 0.07 – 1.46 m3/second, the design discharge for the collector channel is between 1.87 – 2.92 m3/second and the design discharge for the main channel is 5.07 m3/ second. The results of the dimension analysis on the lateral channel are for the channel bottom width 0.26 – 1.21 m with a depth of 0.46 – 1.41 m, while the dimensions of the collector channel are 1.4 – 1.6 m wide and 1.6 – 1.6 meters deep. 1.8 m, the dimensions of the main channel with a channel bottom width of 2.25 m and a channel depth of 2.55 m. Some (partly) built lateral canals have inadequate and inadequate capacity, the capacity of collector channels and main canals are entirely inadequate. The high sediment and damaged inlet are the main causes of flooding and inundation. Although the built canal has functioned well (not damaged), the high sediment in the channel causes the channel capacity to decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the dimensions of the lateral channel, collector channel and main channel which is not adequate. In addition, it is also necessary to clean the sediment in inadequate channels and repair the inlet, especially in DTA 1.
Keyword: Debit, Drainase, Genangan, discharge, drainage, flood

Judul: Review of Urban Drainage System in Sidanegara Village Central Cilacap Subdistrict Cilacap District
Abstrak: Beberapa wilayah perkotaan di Kabupaten Cilacap memiliki sistem drainase terbangun yang tidak memadai sehingga sering terjadi banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji ulang sistem drainase perkotaan. Hasil analisis debit rencana saluran lateral berkisar 0,21 – 0,87 m3 /detik, debit rencana saluran kolektor 2,61 – 4,13 m3 /detik dan debit rencana saluran utama sebesar 6,28 m3 /detik. Hasil analisis dimensi saluran lateral yaitu lebar 0,45 – 0,80 m dan kedalaman 0,58 – 0,90 m, dimensi saluran kolektor lebar 1,6 – 2,0 m dan kedalaman 1,0 – 1,4 m serta dimensi saluran utama lebar 3,0 m dan kedalaman 1,2 m. Beberapa saluran lateral terbangun kapasitasnya kurang memadai, sebagian besar kapasitas saluran kolektor tidak memadai dan kapasitas saluran utama sudah memadai. Perlu dilakukan pembersihan sedimen dan peningkatan saluran guna menanggulangi terjadinya genangan. Selain itu, perlu dilakukan perbaikan dimensi inlet pada saluran kolektor ruas 4. Estimasi total biaya rehabilitasi saluran sebesar Rp1.621.863.000. Tindakan konstruksi saluran sebaiknya menggunakan material pasangan batu dengan mortar agar biaya lebih ekonomis., Several urban areas in Cilacap District have an inadequate built-up drainage system which results in frequent flooding. This study aims to review the urban drainage system. The results of the analysis of the lateral channel design discharge range from 0.21 – 0.87 m3 /second, the collector channel design discharge is 2.91 – 3.38 m3 /second and the main channel design discharge is 6.28 m3 /second. The results of the analysis of lateral canal dimensions are 0.45 – 0.80 m wide and 0.58 – 0.90 m deep, collector canal dimensions 1.6 – 2.0 m wide and 1.0 – 1.4 m deep and main canal dimensions 3.0 m wide and 1.2 m deep. Some of the lateral channels have inadequate capacity, most of the collector channels are inadequate and the main channel capacity is sufficient. It is necessary to clean the sediment and improve the channels to prevent inundation. In addition, it is necessary to improve the dimensions of the inlet at collector section 4. The estimated total cost of canal rehabilitation is Rp. 1,621,863,000. Channel construction measures should use masonry material with mortar so that costs are more economical.
Keyword: collector channels, discharge runoff, drainage, review

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity