Judul: Motivational Access dan Ketidaksetaraan Digital di Kalangan Petani (Kasus: Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Penggunaan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) di sektor pertanian belum sepenuhnya dirasakan oleh seluruh masyarakat Indonesia dan menyebabkan ketidaksetaraan digital pada petani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis karakteristik individu dan motivasi digital pada petani, menganalisis kemampuan digital pada petani, menganalisis penggunaan media digital pada petani, menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik individu dan digital terhadap kemampuan digital pada petani, dan menganalisis hubungan antara kemampuan digital terhadap tingkat penggunaan internet di kalangan petani. Analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman dan Chi-Square. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik petani pada indikator usia, pendidikan, lama berusahatani, tingkat kosmopolit, dan tingkat kepemilikan media berhubungan dengan tingkat kemampuan digital sedangkan pada indikator luas lahan, status penguasaan lahan dan tingkat pendapatan tidak berhubungan. Motivational Access menunjukkan hubungan terhadap tingkat kemampuan petani di seluruh indikatornya dan kemampuan digital petani memiliki hubungan dengan penggunaan media., The use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in the agricultural sector has not been fully felt by all Indonesians and has led to digital inequality among farmers. The purpose of this study was to analyze individual and digital motivation of farmers, analyze digital skills of farmers, analyze the use of digital media on farmers, analyze the relationship between characteristics and access to digital motivation on digital skills of farmers, and analyze the relationship between digital skills and level of internet use. among farmers. Data analysis in this study used Spearman Rank correlation test and Chi-square. The results showed that the characteristics of farmers on indicators of age, education, length of farming, cosmopolitan level, and level of media ownership were related to the level of digital skills on indicators of land area, land ownership status and income levels were not related. Motivational access shows a relationship with the level of ability of farmers in all indicators and the ability of digital farmers to have a relationship with the use of media.
Keyword: Ketidaksetaraan Digital, Digital inequality, digital skill, motivation

Judul: Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Digital Literacy of Farmers
Abstrak: Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) memiliki kekuatan tersendiri dalam memberikan perubahan besar bagi perkembangan dunia. TIK dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua bidang pekerjaan baik bidang pariwisata, pendidikan, kesehatan bahkan pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis karakteristik penggunaan TIK untuk pertanian, menganalisis tingkat penggunaan TIK bagi para petani, menganalisis perkembangan usaha pertanian, menganalisis hubungan karakteristik individu dengan tingkat penggunaan TIK bagi para petani, dan menganalisis hubungan tingkat penggunaan TIK dengan perkembangan usaha. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dan didukung oleh data kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beberapa karakteristik individu yang berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Intensitas penggunaan alat TIK petani termasuk dalam kategori sedang serta literasi digital petani termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Perkembangan usaha pertanian menunjukan bahwa saat ini petani masih mengandalkan media konvensional untuk menjual hasil pertaniannya. Sementara itu terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik umur dengan tingkat penggunaan TIK. Akan tetapi tidak ada hubungan nyata antara tingkat penggunaan TIK dengan meningkatnya usaha pertanian., Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has the power to make major changes to the development of the world. ICT can be utilized by all fields of work, be it tourism, education, health, even agriculture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the use of ICT for agriculture, analyze the level of use of ICT for farmers, analyze the development of agricultural businesses, analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and the level of use of ICT for farmers. , and analyze the relationship between levels of ICT use and business development. The method used in this research is a survey method and is supported by qualitative data with in-depth interviews and literature study. The results showed several individual characteristics that were different from previous studies. The intensity of farmers' use of ICT tools is in the medium category and farmers' digital literacy is in the high category. The development of agricultural businesses shows that currently farmers still rely on conventional media to sell their agricultural products. Meanwhile, there is a relationship between age characteristics and the level of ICT use. However, there is no significant relationship between the level of ICT use and the increase in agricultural enterprises.
Keyword: agribusiness, digital literacy, ICT

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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