Judul: The use of soap, lerak and botanical insecticides for controlling mealybugs of papaya paracoccus marginatus
Abstrak: Paracoccus marginatus merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman pepaya yang mana salah satu kesulitan pengendalian hama ini dengan insektisida adalah adanya lapisan lilin putih yang menutupi tubuhnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan tingkat keefektifan penggunaan sabun, lerak dan insektisida nabati untuk mengendalikan kutu putih pepaya. Berbagai jenis sabun mampu meluruhkan lapisan lilin kutu putih tanpa mengakibatkan kematian hingga 24 jam. Jenis sabun yang paling efektif dalam peluruhan lapisan lilin adalah sabun cair 0.2%. Seluruh jenis ekstrak tanaman efektif menyebabkan kematian hingga lebih dari 95% pada konsentrasi 3% dengan aplikasi tunggal, namun tingkat keefektifan setiap jenis ekstrak bertambah dengan penambahan sabun. Pada konsentrasi ekstrak 0.1%, kombinasi dengan sabun mampu meningkatkan persentase kematian sebesar 1.1 kali pada T. vogelii, 1.03 kali pada P. retrofractum dan 1.12 kali pada A. squamosa, sedangkan pada aplikasi ekstrak setelah penyemprotan sabun, persentase kematian dapat meningkat sebesar 1.5 kali pada T. vogelii, 1.25 kali pada P. retrofractum dan 1.3 kali pada A. squamosa. Penggunaan sabun dapat meningkatkan keefektifan ekstrak dan meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan ekstrak. Perlakuan ini dapat menimbulkan kematian dan gangguan pada pembentukan lapisan lilin dan kantung telur.
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Judul: Pengaruh Deterjen dalam Peluruhan Lilin dan Mortalitas Kutu Putih, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae)
Abstrak: Papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of important pests that can decrease papaya production. An effective control effort to reduce the population of this insect pest is by using insecticides but the excessive and improper uses cause undesirable effect to human and environments. Moreover, detergents can be also used as control agents to this insect pest. The objective of this research was to study the role of detergent in controling the papaya mealybug. Detergents used in this experiment were powder detergent (a.i: sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate), liquid detergent (a.i: sodium alkyl benzene sulfonate) and cream detergent (a.i: sodium alkylbenzene sulfonate). Each test detergent was sprayed to third instar nymph of P. marginatus with the detergent concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and control. Observation of decreasing wax layer was carried out at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after treatment. Two syntetic insecticides were used in this experiment; profenofos and deltamethrin. The same method was used in testing the syntetic insecticides, both single and the combination treatment of insecticide and liquid detergent. Insect mortality was assessed at 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 days after treatment. Liquid detergent treatment showed higher activity in causing shed of wax layer than powder and cream detergents with the percentage for each treatment of 64%, 58%, and 48%, respectively.The average of insect mortalities on the treatments of combination of deltamethrin and detergent were higher than the treatment of combination of profenofos and detergents.
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Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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