Judul: The Macroeconomic effects of goverment expenditure in ASEAN plus Three
Abstrak: Fiscal policy is one of the goverment policy to increase growth in a reasonable level. The impact of fiscal policy shock has different effect on each country around the world. The effect of goverment spending shocks led to increase growth in USA but decrease growth in Germany, as reflected by the decline in private investment. This study aims to analize the effect of goverment expenditure in ASEAN plus Three, by using vector error correction model (VECM), impulse respone function (IRF), forecasting error variance decomposition (FEVD) and pass-through effect.
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Judul: The impact of public debt on economic growth in European Union and ASEAN+6 Countries
Abstrak: Economic conditions in the countries of the European Union is facing a crisis as a result of heavy pressure in the form of a relatively widening budget deficit and rising debt burden. The impact of government debt on economic growth become a problem that is interesting to study, especially after the European economic crisis. The ratio of government debt in the countries of the European Union and ASEAN +6 showed a pattern of escalating and it is very harmful to the economy, especially for countries in ASEAN +6. Based on the above issues, this study aims to analyze: the development of government debt in the countries of the European Union and ASEAN +6, the impact of government debt on economic growth, the differences of government debt impact on economic growth for each region, the path of government debt impact on economic growth in the countries of the European Union and ASEAN +6. This study covers 19 countries in the European Union and the 11 countries in ASEAN +6 with the observation period of 26 years (from 1985 to 2010). The study uses a static and dynamic panel data analysis. The model used in this study is based on the model study as outlined by Checherita-Westphal and Rother (2012). Analyzing result for economic growth shows that the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) is the best estimation model than the model of pooled least squares (POLS) and Random Effect Model (REM). The results shows a nonlinear negative relationship between government debt and economic growth. This implies that the general government debt ratio above the current limit value of 60 percent, debt has a negative impacts on economic growth. Analysis using regional dummy showed that between the EU and ASEAN +6 there are not differences in the impact of debt. Dynamic panel data analysis results show that the best estimation model for saving and investment is FEM and the best estimation model for TFP growth is Sys-GMM. The results shows that there has not been enough evidence to suggest that the negative impact of debt on economic growth is transmitted through savings, investment and TFP growth. Based on the results of research, policy implications that can be suggested including negative relationship between debt and economic growth so the government should be more careful in making new loans, the negative impact of government debt when the threshold above 60 percent indicates that the countries that have a debt ratio above the threshold should control its debt ratio not exceed than 60 percent.
Keyword: government debt, economic growth, static and dynamic panel data

Judul: Konstruksi dan Seleksi Mutan Isolat Pichia spp. Toleran Cekaman Oksidatif dan Osmotik Untuk Optimasi Produksi Bioetanol
Abstrak: Lignoselulosa merupakan biomassa organik yang tersusun dari polimer selulosa, hemiselulosa dan lignin. Komponen gula terbesar pada lignoselulosa adalah gula pentosa dan heksosa. Dalam penelitan sebelumnya telah diketahui bahwa Pichia spp. merupakan kelompok khamir yang mampu mengonversi gula pentosa maupun heksosa menjadi etanol melalui proses fermentasi. Cekaman oksidatif dan osmotik yang terjadi saat proses fermentasi, dapat menghambat viabilitas khamir untuk produksi etanol. Teknik mutasi adaptif merupakan salah satu cara konstruksi khamir mutan agar toleran terhadap cekaman oksidatif dan osmotik yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengonstruksi dan menyeleksi mutan Pichia spp. yang resisten terhadap cekaman oksidatif dan osmotik, serta menganalisis kemampuannya dalam memproduksi etanol menggunakan substrat gula pentosa (xilosa) dan heksosa (glukosa). Konstruksi mutan dilakukan dengan teknik mutasi adaptif terhadap 3 isolat Pichia spp. tipe liar E, R, dan T. Teknik mutasi adaptif menghasilkan 11 isolat mutan yaitu E2, E3, E5, R1, R2, R4, R7, T4, T8, T9, dan T10. Proses seleksi 11 isolat mutan melalui metode spot test menghasilkan 2 isolat mutan terpilih yaitu E5 dan R7, yang resisten terhadap cekaman oksidatif (H2O2) dan osmotik (NaCl) tinggi. Selama proses fermentasi 54 jam, produksi etanol dari substrat glukosa oleh isolat Pichia spp. mutan E5 dan R7 mencapai 107.5% (v/v) dan 99.7% (v/v) atau lebih tinggi 18.5% dan 1.79% dari masing-masing tipe liarnya. Produksi etanol dari substrat xilosa hanya dihasilkan oleh isolat Pichia spp. mutan E5 dan R7, yaitu 6.51% (v/v) dan 3.55% (v/v).
Keyword: lignoselulosa, bioetanol, fermentasi, mutasi adaptif, Pichia spp..