Judul: Tinjauan tentang mekanisme aflatoksikosis pada ternak
Abstrak: Tujuan penulisan ini ialah membicarakan mekanisme terjadinya aflatoksikosis pada ternak. Aflatoksikosis pertama kali dilaporkan pada kalkun, tetapi kemudian juga terjadi pada ternak lain. Aflatoksin penyebab aflatoksikosis dihasilkan oleh jamur Aspergillus flavus yang termasuk kelas Deuteromycetes. Ada dua golongan kristal aflatoksin yaitu biru (blue) dan hijau (green), stabil terhadap pemanasan tetapi dapat rusak oleh oksidator kuat. Tulisan ini merupakan tinjauan pustaka. Aflatoksin merupakan racun bagi ternak dan dapat menimbulkan kanker pada hati, namun demikian juga menyerang organ tubuh lain. Gejala yang ditimbulkan oleh aflatoksikosis ini bervariasi menurut dosis racun yang termakan, jenis hewan, umur, kelamin, kondisi dan komposisi makanan, frekuensi mengkonsumsi aflatoksin dan lamanya toksin ini berada di dalam tubuh. Kelainan histopatologik yang berupa hiperplasia saluran empedu adalah hal yang selalu ada pada aflatoksikosis.
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Judul: Tinjauan Tentang Aflatoksikosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Aflatoksikosis terjadi karena hewan yang peka penyakit ini mengkonsumsi aflatoksin. Aflatoksin dihasilkan oleh jamur yang tergolong dalam Aspergillus flavus Group. Derajat sakit yang ditimbulkan aflatoksikosis bervariasi menurut dosis toksin yang termakan, spesies hewan, umur hewan, frekuensi mengkonsumsi dan lama waktu toksin berada dalam tubuh hewan.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm