Judul: Persepsi Risiko dan Tingkat Kecemasan selama masa Pandemi Covid-19 pada Masyarakat di Indonesia
Abstrak: Risk perception is an individual subjective assessment of the characteristics and severity of a risk. It affects human life strategy and is essential for human survival. Several factors may influence a person’s risk perception levels; one of them is anxiety level. A person’s anxiety level may change as a response to environmental changes such as the global outbreak of coronavirus disease (Covid-19). Previous researches in several countries have shown a positive relationship between risk perception toward Covid-19 and anxiety level. Different countries showed different variables affected people risk perception, suggesting demographic and cultural background may impact risk perception. There is no data regarding these conditions in Indonesia. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the correlation between risk perception toward Covid-19 and anxiety level and find out variables that may affect risk-perception toward Covid-19 in Indonesian society. An online survey was conducted to assess perception toward risk caused by Covid-19 (Risk-percept Covid-19 questionnaire), measure the anxiety level of Indonesian society (GAD-7 questionnaire), and demographic data. From a total of 1147 respondents, we found that most of the respondents (620 individual) are categorized as individuals with a minimal anxiety level. The higher a person’s anxiety level, the higher the perception of risk caused by Covid-19, which is similar to other countries. Risk perception decreased along with increasing age. Higher income and get the covid-19 vaccine significantly increase Indonesian’s risk perception towards Covid-19. These results imply that the risk perception of Indonesian’s society during Covid-19 pandemic is affected by financial and health conditions., Persepsi risiko adalah penilaian subjektif individu terkait karakteristik dan tingkat keparahan suatu risiko. Persepsi risiko dapat mempengaruhi strategi kehidupan manusia dan sangat penting bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Beberapa faktor dapat mempengaruhi tingkat persepsi risiko seseorang; salah satunya adalah tingkat kecemasan. Tingkat kecemasan seseorang dapat berubah sebagai respon terhadap perubahan lingkungan, salah satu contoh perubahan lingkungan yang terjadi ialah wabah pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian sebelumnya di beberapa negara menunjukkan adanya hubungan positif antara persepsi risiko terhadap Covid-19 dengan tingkat kecemasan. Perbedaan negara dapat mempengaruhi variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi persepsi risiko seseorang. Hal ini menunjukkan latar belakang demografi dan budaya kemungkinan mempengaruhi persepsi risiko. Sampai saat ini, belum ada data mengenai kondisi tersebut di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui hubungan antara persepsi risiko terhadap Covid-19 dengan tingkat kecemasan dan mengetahui variabel yang dapat mempengaruhi persepsi risiko terhadap Covid-19 pada masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui survey online untuk mengukur tingkat kecemasan masyarakat Indonesia (kuisioner GAD-7), menilai persepsi terhadap risiko yang disebabkan oleh Covid-19 (kuisioner risk-percept Covid-19), dan data demografi. Dari total 1147 responden, studi ini menemukan bahwa sebagian besar responden (620 individu) dikategorikan sebagai individu dengan tingkat kecemasan minimal. Semakin tinggi tingkat kecemasan, semakin tinggi pula persepsi risiko terhadap Covid-19. Persepsi risiko menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya usia. Pendapatan yang lebih tinggi dan telah vaksin Covid-19 secara signifikan meningkatkan persepsi risiko masyarakat Indonesia terhadap Covid-19. Hasil ini mengimplikasikan bahwa persepsi risiko masyarakat Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh kondisi finansial dan kesehatan.
Keyword: Anxiety level, Covid-19, Indonesian society, risk perception, vaccine

Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Berasosiasi dengan Persepsi Risiko,  Kecemasan, dan Perilaku Prefentif selama Fase Covid-19 yang Berbeda di  Indonesia
Abstrak: Human can assess characteristics, severity, and potential losses caused by a threat, known as risk perception. Risk perception is associated with anxiety. A person's anxiety level may change as a response to environmental changes, for example, the global outbreak of the Covid-19 situation. Studies in other countries found an association between the progress of Covid-19 situation with lower perceived risk of Covid-19, lower anxiety level, and lower frequency of preventive behavior. However, as Indonesia’s demographics and Covid-19 situation may differ from other countries, there may be differences in Indonesian risk perception to Covid-19, anxiety level, and preventive behavior from prior findings. Thus, this study investigated differences and factors associated with risk perception, anxiety level, and preventive behavior to Covid-19 as the pandemic progressed in Indonesia. Data were collected twice (1st phase on July to August 2021 and 2nd phase on July to September 2022). A total of 2294 respondents in each phase completed a questionnaire on their risk perception to Covid-19 (Risk-percept Covid-19 questionnaire), anxiety level (GAD-7 questionnaire), and preventive behaviour during Covid-19. We found that Indonesian risk perception toward Covid-19 significantly associated with age and anxiety levels. Anxiety levels significantly decline with age. Preventive behaviors decreased over time, but higher risk perception toward Covid-19 and anxiety levels were still associated with a higher frequency of preventive behavior in both phases. However, in 2nd phase, we found that receiving the Covid-19 vaccine was associated with a lower frequency of preventive behavior. As the situation of Covid-19 in Indonesia progressed over time, our findings suggest that there was a decline in Indonesian people’s preventive behavior when the vaccine became widely available., Manusia dapat menilai karakteristik, tingkat keparahan, dan potensi kerugian yang dapat disebabkan oleh suatu ancaman, yang dikenal sebagai persepsi risiko. Persepsi risiko berhubungan dengan kecemasan. Tingkat kecemasan seseorang dapat berubah sebagai respons terhadap perubahan lingkungan, misalnya, wabah global Covid-19. Studi di negara lain menemukan hubungan antara perkembangan situasi Covid-19 dengan persepsi risiko terhadap Covid-19 yang lebih rendah, tingkat kecemasan yang lebih rendah, dan frekuensi perilaku pencegahan terhadap Covid-19 yang lebih rendah. Namun, karena demografi dan situasi Covid-19 di Indonesia yang berbeda dengan negara lain, mungkin akan ada pula perbedaan faktor yang berasosiasi dengan persepsi risiko terhadap Covid-19, tingkat kecemasan, dan perilaku pencegahan terhadap Covid-19 di Indonesia dengan temuan sebelumnya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini ingin menyelidiki faktor yang berasosiasi dengan persepsi risiko, tingkat kecemasan, dan perilaku pencegahan terhadap Covid-19 seiring dengan perkembangan pandemi Covid-19 di Indonesia. Data dikumpulkan sebanyak dua kali (tahap pertama pada Juli hingga Agustus 2021) dan tahap kedua (Juli hingga September 2022). Sebanyak 2.294 responden di setiap fase menyelesaikan kuesioner tentang persepsi risiko mereka terhadap Covid-19 (Risk-percept Covid-19 questionnaire), tingkat kecemasan (GAD-7), dan perilaku pencegahan selama Covid-19. Kami menemukan bahwa secara signifikan persepsi risiko berasosiasi dengan usia dan tingkat kecemasan. Tingkat kecemasan menurun secara signifikan seiring dengan bertambahnya usia. Perilaku pencegahan menurun seiring berjalannya waktu, tetapi persepsi risiko yang lebih tinggi terhadap Covid-19 dan tingkat kecemasan masih berhubungan dengan frekuensi perilaku pencegahan yang lebih tinggi di kedua fase. Namun, pada fase kedua, kami menemukan bahwa menerima vaksin Covid-19 dikaitkan
Keyword: COVID-19, demographic, Indonesia, preventive behavior, vaccine

Judul: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Posphate
Abstrak: Biphasio calsium phosphate (BCP), which was a mixture of hydroxypatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by sintering process. Hydroxyapatite was produced by using natural calcium source CaO from hen's eggshell and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate souce, other hydroxyapatite sample was produce by using synthetic calcium source Ca(OH) and H3PO4 as phosphate source.
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