Judul: The Form of Vegetable Simplicia and Traditional Medicine Products Trade in Jepara, Central Java
Abstrak: Simplisia nabati sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional memiliki potensi yang cukup besar dalam bidang kesehatan, ekonomi, dan budaya. Kabupaten Jepara ditetapkan oleh UNESCO sebagai cagar biosfer yang memiliki keanekaragaman tumbuhan berpotensi obat cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi simplisia nabati, produk obat tardisional, harga jual dan asal pasokan, serta potensi pengelolaan lestari dan status konservasi tumbuhan obat yang diperdagangkan di Kabupaten Jepara. Metode yang digunakan yaitu wawancara semi terstruktur untuk pedagang dan wawancara secara accidental sampling untuk pembeli. Simplisia nabati yang diperdagangkan sebanyak 13 bentuk dari 96 spesies tumbuhan obat yang didominasi Zingiberaceae. Bentuk simplisia nabati yang paling banyak diperdagangkan yaitu buah. Simplisia nabati berasal dari budidaya dengan harga Rp7.000,00−Rp200.000,00 serta asal pasokan dari Jepara, Semarang, Kudus, Pati, dan Rembang. Produk obat tradisional yang diperdagangkan sebanyak 51 produk dari 11 produsen industri jamu. Dua spesies yaitu cendana (Santalum album) dan gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) termasuk kategori Vulnerable oleh IUCN dan Appendix II menurut CITES., Vegetable simplicia as raw material for traditional medicine has considerable potential in the fields of health, economy, and culture. Jepara is designated by UNESCO as a biosphere reserve which have a high diversity of medicinal plants. This study aims to identify vegetable simplicia, traditional medicinal products, selling price and source of supply, and the potential for sustainable management and conservation status of medicinal plants traded in Jepara Regency. The method used is semi-structured interviews for traders and interviews by accidental sampling for buyers. The results showed that 13 forms of vegetable simplicia were traded from 96 species of medicinal plants, which were dominated by Zingiberaceae. The most traded form of vegetable simplicia is fruit. Vegetable simplicia comes from cultivation with a price of Rp7.000,00− Rp200.000,00 and the source of supply is from Jepara, Semarang, Kudus, Pati, and Rembang. Traditional medicinal products traded are 51 products from 11 herbal medicine manufacturers. Two species, namely sandalwood (Santalum album) and gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), are classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN and Appendix II according to CITES.
Keyword: jepara, medicinal plants, vegetable simplicia

Judul: The Form of Vegetable Simplicia and Traditional Medicine Products Trade in Boyolali, Central Java
Abstrak: Kabupaten Boyolali merupakan salah satu pusat perkembangan pengobatan tradisional di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bentuk simplisia nabati spesies tumbuhan obat, produk obat tradisional, harga jual dan asal simplisia, potensi pengelolaan lestari dan status konservasi tumbuhan obat. Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan penentuan responden secara sensus untuk pedagang dan accidental sampling untuk pembeli simplisia nabati dan produk obat tradisional. Penelitian menunjukan sebanyak 13 bentuk simplisia nabati berasal dari 105 spesies dan 48 famili yang didominasi oleh bentuk simplisia daun (folium). Famili yang paling banyak diperdagangkan yaitu Famili Zingiberaceae, sedangkan habitus didominasi oleh pohon. Simplisia nabati paling banyak digunakan untuk mengobati penyakit saluran pencernaan. Produk obat tradisional yang diperdagangkan sebanyak 79 jenis dari 11 produsen. Harga simplisia nabati yang diperdangkan yaitu Rp10.000,00 – Rp600.000,00. Sebanyak empat speseis yaitu cendana, gaharu, mahoni, dan seprantu termasuk kategori vulnerable berdasarkan IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) serta sebanyak tiga spesies termasuk Appendiks II menurut CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora)., Boyolali is one of the centers for the development of traditional medicine on the island of Java. This study aims to identify the form of vegetable simplicia species of medicinal plants, traditional medicinal products, selling price and origin of simplicia, the potential for sustainable management and conservation status of medicinal plants. The research was conducted through interviews with respondents determined by census for traders and accidental sampling for buyers. The results showed that 13 forms of vegetable simplicia were traded from 105 species and 48 families that dominated by simplicia leaf (folium). The most traded family is Zingiberaceae family while life form dominated by trees. Most vegetable simplicia used to treat digestive tract diseases. There are 79 types of traditional medicinal products traded from 11 producers. The price of vegetable simplicia that is traded from Rp10.000,00 – Rp600,000.00. A total of four species (cendana, gaharu, mahoni, and seprantu) are included in the vulnerable category based on the IUCN and three species are included in Appendix II according to CITES.
Keyword: boyolali, traditional medicine, vegetable simplicia

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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