Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Asam humat Terhadap Konsentrasi Unsur Ai dan Fe
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan u11tuk mengetahui pengaruh asam humat dm waktu inkubasi terhadap konsentrasi m;ur A1 dan Fe dalarn suatu sistern larutan melalui penelitian di laboratorium. Perlakuan disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dua ulangan, dergan faktor taraf asam humat dan waktu inkubasi. Satuan percobam berupa kombinasi antara konsentrasi A1 dan Fe. Uji lanjut Bsda Nyata Terkecil (BNT) dan analisi:; ragam dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari tiap perlakuan terhadap masing-masing satuan percobaan. Asam humat yang digunakan diperoleh dari ekstcik Gambut Perawang dan Andosol Lembang.
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Judul: Pengaruh Suplementasi Asam Fulvat terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen dan Populasi Protozoa In Vitro
Abstrak: Perbaikan performa ternak sapi dapat diupayakan dengan memanipulasi kondisi fermentasi rumen sehingga memaksimalkan pasokan nutrien. Pemberian antibiotik dapat meningkatkan efisiensi produksi tetapi penggunaannya saat ini sudah dilarang. Penggunaan feed additive alami yang dapat diperoleh dari ekstrak tanaman atau bahan organik terdekomposisi seperti humat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan performa ternak. Senyawa humat terdiri dari asam humat, asam fulvat dan humin (Islam et al., 2005). Penelitian dengan penggunaan senyawa humat sudah diterapkan pada ternak monogastrik, namun salah satu fraksinya yaitu asam fulvat belum banyak diketahui secara ilmiah penggunaannya terhadap ternak terutama ruminansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi asam fulvat dalam ransum komplit A (energi tinggi) dan B (energi rendah) terhadap pH, konsentrasi volatile fatty acid (VFA) total, konsentrasi amonia (NH3), kecernaan bahan kering (KCBK) dan kecernaan bahan organik (KCBO) serta populasi protozoa in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 2x5 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis ransum (ransum komplit energi tinggi dan ransum komplit energi rendah) dan faktor kedua adalah taraf penggunaan asam fulvat (0%; 2,5%; 5%; 7,5%; 10%). Ulangan berdasarkan waktu pengambilan cairan rumen. Cairan rumen diambil dari sapi Peranakan Ongole yang berada di RPH Kota Bogor. Data yang diperoleh diuji dengan sidik ragam (Anova) dan dilakukan uji Duncan untuk data yang berbeda nyata. Peubah yang diamati adalah pH rumen, KCBK, KCBO, VFA, NH3 dan populasi protozoa.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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