Judul: Data inventory of postharvest and extraction of Jatropha curcas Oil
Abstrak: Decreasing stock of petroleum and the global warming it causes has led to the development of production technology of plant oil, such as Jatropha curcas Linn. In Indonesia, it also is supported by national policy of plant oil as biodiesel. J. curcas is suitable for Indonesia since it can grow well in dry and marginal lands. Plant oil production causes concerns that it consumes large amount of conventional fuels, fertilizers, and pesticides, so that it will harm the ecosystem. Life cycle assessment can be used to quantify how beneficial the oil production is in terms of energy use and emission released to environment. The purpose of this research is to develop a data inventory of postharvest and extraction of Jatropha curcas oil, and a program for simulation of the process. In this analysis, some simulations were done in transportation and oil extraction phases. Emissions of process were calculated from its energy consumption. Then, environmental impacts were calculated from the emissions. Results showed the process releasing least emission per litre CJCO was process where fruits were peeled on farms and seeds were grinded before extraction.
Keyword: 

Judul: Perbandingan Emisi Dan Energi Produksi Biodiesel Dari Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis) Dan Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Berdasarkan Kajian Siklus Hidup (Lca) Di Indonesia)
Abstrak: Energy sector plays an important role for Indonesia in achieving its economic development goal. Indonesia is still heavily dependent on fossil based energy, which is accounted for more than 90% of its energy mix (including oil, gas and coal). Biodiesel is one of the biofuel being developed and used intensively in Indonesia. Biodiesel can be produced from various oil borne plants, such as palm oil, jatropha curcas, rapeseed, soybean, etc. The USA produced their biodiesel from soybean, Euoropean countries from rapeseed, while Indonesia mainly from palm oil. Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in biodiesel production. Even though the source of the energy is considered as carbon neutral, the production path can emit various environmentally hazardous gasses. European and American countries claim that production of biodiesel from palm oil contributes carbon emission to atmosphere along its production path. Furthermore, US EPA-NODA and EU RED stated that palm oil based biodiesel can only reduce emission of GWP by 17% and 19% compared to fossil-fuel based. Considering that the minimum requirement is 20% for US and 35% for EU, CPO from Indonesia experiences difficulties to enter the global market. Scientific approach should be undertaken by Indonesia to address this issue. However nowadays we only still have few numbers of international scientific publications regarding the environmental aspect of biodiesel production. Appropriate method to analyze aforementioned problems is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) which complies with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This study is aimed to compare life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from oil palm and jatropha produced in Indonesia. The LCA system boundary for this study was from cradle to gate, which consists of eight sub-processes, with functional unit (FU) of 1 ton biodiesel fuel (BDF). Life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis was performed using the data collected from oil palm plantation and Jatropha curcas centre, both located in western part of Jawa island in Indonesia, become primary data. The analysis was also grouped into unstable production stage and stable production stage in order to accommodate the natural growth characteristics of both crops. The LCI results were utilized to perform impact assessment using software MiLCA-JEMAI version 1.1.2.5 for data processing.
Keyword: Biodiesel, crude palm oil, crude Jatropha curcas oil, life cycle assessment

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
Keyword: