Judul: Effectivity Test of White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) Extract Nanoparticles Gel to The Incised Wound Healing.
Abstrak: The wound healing process is the stage of repairing the structure and function of damaged skin tissues. The Aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of the administration of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) nanoparticles extract gel in the wound healing process in Sprague- Dawley rats based on macroscopic and microscopic observations. The skin of 24 male rats was cut 3 cm in the dorsal area and sutured with a simple suture technique. The treatments were divided into four groups, positive control (C1), negative control (C2), gel nanoparticles white turmeric extract 0.75% (K1), and 1.5% (K2). Treatment was given every day for weeks. Macroscopically observations were made subjectively on the 1st, 3rd ,5th, and 7th days. In histopathological observations, specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) to observe the skin structure and IBA-1/AIF-1 to observe macrophage expression by immunohistochemistry. Observations were evaluated on the seventh-day post-injury. Histopathological aspects observed with HE-staining were scab, epithelial formation, and infiltration of inflammation cells. Data were evaluated descriptively through the light microscope. The average of macrophage expressions was evaluated statistically with spss IBM 25. The macroscopic results showed the gel treatment wound had a healing process faster than the control groups. The microscopic results showed the gel treatment groups skin structure was better than the control groups with Hematoxylin Eosin stained and the average of macrophage expression showed average lower than control groups.
Keyword: Curcuma zedoaria, Macrophage expression, Wound healing

Judul: Test the Effectiveness of the Combination Gel of Turmeric Nanoparticles and Sea Cucumber: Histopathological Study of Skin Incision Wound Healing
Abstrak: Luka adalah terputusnya kontinuitas jaringan kulit. Luka akan menimbulkan rasa tidak nyaman pada penderitanya. Penelitian ini adalah bagian dari uji pendahuluan untuk mengevaluasi aplikasi kombinasi gel nanopartikel ekstrak kunyit dan jeli gamat untuk proses penyembuhan luka sayat pada tikus Sprague-Dawley berdasarkan pengamatan mikroskopis. Kulit 10 ekor tikus jantan disayat pada bagian punggung. Perlakuan dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yaitu, kontrol negatif (P0), gel kombinasi 0,5% (P1), 1%(P2), 2% (P3), dan kontrol positif (P4). Pengobatan dilakukan setiap hari selama seminggu. Secara histopatologi, spesimen diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-Eosin untuk mengamati struktur kulit dan AE1/AE3 untuk melihat ekspresi sitokeratin. Pengamatan dievaluasi pada hari ke-2 dan ke-7 pasca perlukaan. Parameter histopatologi yang diamati adalah keropeng, epitelisasi, dan neovaskularisasi. Data disajikan secara deskriptif melalui foto. Hasil pengobatan luka gel kombinasi hari ke-2 dan ke-7 menunjukkan luka mengalami penyembuhan. Penyembuhan pada luka yang diobati dengan gel kombinasi konsentrasi 0,5% paling baik dibandingkan pengobatan konsentrasi lainnya., Wound is a break in the continuity of skin tissue. The wound will cause discomfort in the sufferer. This study is part of a preliminary test to evaluate the application of a combination of turmeric extract nanoparticle and jelly gamat for the wound healing process in Sprague-Dawley rats based on microscopic observations. The skins of 10 male rats were cut 3 cm left lateral area. The treatments were divided into five groups namely, negative control (P0), 0,5% gel combination (P1), 1% (P2), 2% (P3), and positive control (P4). Treatment was given everyday in a week. Histopathologically, the specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin to observe the skin structure and AE1 / AE3 to observe cytokeratin expression. The observations were evaluated on the second and seventh days post-injury. The histopathological parameters observed were scab, epithelial formation, and neovascularization. Data were presented descriptively through light microscope. The results of wound treatment on second and seventh day showed that the wound had a healing process. Healing of wounds treated with a 0.5% combination gel is the best among other consentration of treatment.
Keyword: jelly gamat, microscopic, turmeric, wound healing

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular