Judul: Karakteristik Tegakan Hutan Rakyat Sengon di Desa Tonjongsari, Kecamatan Cikalong, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: The high demand for wood industry encouraged the increasing of private forest, particularly in Java. One of the most popular species to be planted is Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). The objectives of this study is to determine how about characteristics of the Sengon growing stock of private forest by agroforestry system land cover. The study was carried out in Tonjongsari Village, Cikalong District, Tasikmalaya Residence, West Java Province. Purposivelly sampling with 64 total sample plots were spread evenly in seven hamlets. The characteristics stand curve determined by De Liocourt’s equation or Poisson curve (Husch 2003) and three physical factors (elevation classes, slope classes, and land ownership classes). The results shows that potential of sengon is 112,88 m3/ha obtained in the interval 92.49 m3/ha to 133.27 m3/ha with the SE of 18.06%. Allometric models are formed to describe the shape of farm forest in the Tonjongsari Village is N = (475.4) e-0, 10d. The curve shape resembling the reverse of letter "J" shows that sengon stands in the Tonjongsari village still exhibit properties normally as the uneven-aged natural forests. Chi-square test and twoway ANOVA test based on the physically factors shows that the characteristics of the farm forest stands in the Tonjongsari village strongly influenced by land ownership classes, wich related to differences in the level of economic conditions of the forest farmers. Forest management systems is still based on traditional or local knowledge, handed down from generation to generation by their ancestors. The sustainable yield of sengon stands in Tonjongsari village visible to be developed for supply the row material of wood industry.
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Judul: Kajian Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen): Kasus Desa Kesenet, Kecamatan Banjarmangu Kabupaten Banjarnegara
Abstrak: This research aims to study the management and cultivation of sengon community forest, to presume its potential, and also to calculate the contribution of sengon and other agroforestry plants toward the farmer’s total income in Kesenet Village, Banjarmagu District, Banjarnegara Residence of Central Java. The methods of the data collection used were quantitative and qualitative method. The quantitative method was used to measure the dimension of sengon and other agroforestry plants with sixty sampling plots in 0,1 hectare of circle shape which were determined by using purposive sampling with 3,10% sampling intensity. The qualitative method was used to analyze the forest management by interviewing through questionnaires to the sixty chosen farmers who own sampling plots and by studying literature. In general, the forest management in Kesenet Village applied the land preparation and management, seeding, planting, cultivation, harvesting and marketing. The stages of the management activities have not been completely achieved because of the traditional hereditary system which was still used. The potency of sengon per hectare in Kesenet Village was estimated on the average of 79,27 m3/ha or between 50,99 m3/ha to 107,55 m3/ha. The total area of sengon in Kesenet village was 193,86 ha and then the total wood of sengon was achieved 15.368,24 m3 or between 9.863,66 m3 to 20.872,83 m3. The income contribution of sengon 4,37% and 84,68 % of salak pondoh of total income forest farmer was illustrated that the sengon cultivation still becomes a secondary business for Kesenet villagers. The efforts that should be done to develop the management of sengon community forest are both by intensifying counseling and training the sengon management technique gradually. Besides that, the market information in warranting the stability of a certain cost can make the farmers easier in bargaining position. The countermeasure of the insects, pests, and karat puru disease which have been attacking 80% sengon plants up until now needs to get a serious attention, especially to warrant the developmental continuation of society business in community forest of sengon.
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Judul: Influenza Specific Immunoglobulin Y Purification from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Precipitation Method
Abstrak: Imunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) yang terdapat dalam kuning telur telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk imunoterapi dan imunodiagnostik. Salah satu kendala dalam pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur adalah pemisahan Ig dengan lemak, sehingga teknik pemurnian Ig selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan menggunakan sodium chloride (NaCl) serta melakukan karakterisasi IgY spesifik influenza. Sodium chloride dipilih karena bahan kimia ini relatif murah, ramah lingkungan, dan tidak merusak imunoaktivitas IgY. Kuning telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Flubio® yang berisi virus Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 dan B/Washington. Pemurnian IgY hanya dilakukan pada kuning telur yang mengandung antibodi spesifik influenza. Deteksi keberadaan antibodi spesifik influenza ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP) dan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Konsentrasi IgY hasil pemurnian dihitung dengan spektrofotometer dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Konsentrasi protein dari hasil pemurnian IgY memiliki nilai rata – rata 50,403 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan enam pita protein, yaitu struktur IgY utuh (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), rantai berat IgY (66,54 kDa), Fab ( 47,65 kDa), rantai ringan IgY (21,85 kDa), dan β-livetin (36,74 kDa). IgY hasil pemurnian masih dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza berdasarkan uji ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian IgY menggunakan metode pengendapan NaCl dapat memurnikan IgY dengan struktur utuh, meskipun masih ada dua protein tidak spesifik hasil pemurnian. IgY yang dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza mengindikasikan prospek pemanfaatannya untuk pencegahan influenza dan imunodiagnostik., Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) contained in egg yolk has been widely used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. One of the obstacles in IgY purification from egg yolk is separating Ig from fat, so that IgY purification techniques are always developing. This study aimed to purify IgY from egg yolk using sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method and to characterize influenza-specific IgY. Sodium chloride was chosen because this chemical is relatively unexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not impair IgY immunoactivity. The egg yolks used in this study were collected from layer eggs vaccinated with the Flubio® influenza vaccine, which contains the Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B/Washington viruses. IgY purification was only carried out on egg yolks containing influenza specific antibodies. The presence of influenza-specific antibodies was determined by the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The purified IgY concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, and protein characterization was performed using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Protein concentration from purification has a mean value of 50,403 mg/mL . SDS-PAGE result showed six protein bands, namely intact IgY structure (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), IgY heavy chain (66,54 kDa), Fab (47,65 kDa), IgY light chain (21,85 kDa), and β-livetin (36,74 kDa). The purified IgY still able to bind with influenza antigen based on the ELISA test. The results of this study indicate that purification of IgY using the NaCl precipitation method can purify IgY with intact structure, although there are still two unspecific proteins in the purification results. The resulting IgY can bind to influenza antigens indicating the
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, influenza, egg yolk, purification, sodium chloride