Judul: Dampak Investasi di Sektor Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas Provinsi Maluku terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia: Pendekatan Interregional Input-Output (IRIO)
Abstrak: Salah satu isu pembangunan adalah pemerataan pertumbuhan ekonomi, Provinsi Maluku yang berbentuk kepulauan memiliki tantangan besar dalam hal tersebut sehingga memiliki tingkat kemiskinan dan ketimpangan rasio desa berlistrik yang tinggi. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan dan ketimpangan rasio desa berlistrik tersebut adalah dengan investasi di sektor unggulan Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak investasi sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas di Provinsi Maluku terhadap perekonomian di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) dengan menggunakan Tabel IRIO Indonesia klasifikasi 17 sektor dan 34 provinsi yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas merupakan sektor unggulan dan memiliki keterkaitan yang tinggi ke Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Selain itu, perubahan investasi di sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas Provinsi Maluku memiliki dampak terhadap pembentukan output dan pendapatan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, serta berdampak besar pada penyerapan tenaga kerja Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan Jawa Barat, One of the development issues is the distribution of economic growth, Maluku Province which is in the form of an archipelago has a big challenge in this regard so that it has a high poverty rate and inequality ratio of villages with high electricity. One way that can be done to reduce the level of poverty and inequality in the ratio of electrified villages is by investing in the leading sectors of Maluku Province. This study aims to determine the impact of investment in the electricity and gas procurement sector in Maluku Province on the economy in Indonesia. The analytical method used is Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) analysis using the Indonesian IRIO table for the classification of 17 sectors and 34 provinces obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results of the analysis show that the electricity and gas procurement sector is a leading sector and has high linkages to the Province of East Kalimantan. In addition, changes in investment in the electricity and gas procurement sector for Maluku Province have had an impact on the formation of output and income for East Kalimantan Province, as well as a major impact on employment for the Provinces of East Kalimantan and West Java.
Keyword: Electricity, Investment, IRIO, Sectoral and Spatial Linkages

Judul: The Impact of Investment on the Electricity and Gas  Supply Sektor of Gorontalo Province towards Indonesian Economy : Inter Regional  Input-Output (IRIO)’’S Approuch
Abstrak: Infrastruktur merupakan salah satu aspek yang dibutuhkan untuk menunjang pembangunan ekonomi, salah satunya adalah infrastruktur ketenagalistrikan. Provinsi Gorontalo merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas yang menjadi sektor unggulannya. Sektor ini merupakan sektor yang memberikan daya dorong terbesar kepada lapangan usaha lain apabila peningkatan permintaan akhirnya meningkat dan memiliki respon output tertinggi apabila terjadi kenaikan permintaan akhir pada sektor lain, oleh karena itu, investasi terhadap sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas perlu dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas Provinsi Gorontalo, keterkaitan antar sektor dan wilayah, serta dampak investasi sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas Provinsi Gorontalo terhadap perekonomian Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Inter Regional Input-Output (IRIO) dengan menggunakan tabel IRIO Indonesia klasifikasi 17 Sektor dan 34 Provinsi yang disusun oleh BPS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas Provinsi Gorontalo memiliki dampak penyebaran paling tinggi diantara sektor lainnya. Selanjutnya, jika investasi terhadap sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas Provinsi Gorontalo diturunkan, akan berdampak terhadap penurunan output, pendapatan, dan penyerapan tenaga kerjadi sektor dan wilayah lainnya., Infrastructure is one of the aspects needed to support economic development, one of which is electricity infrastructure. Gorontalo Province is one of the provinces with the electricity and gas procurement sector which is its leading sector. This sector provides the greatest impetus to other business fields if the increase in demand eventually increases and has the highest output response if there is an increase in final demand in other sectors, therefore, investment in the electricity and gas procurement sector needs to be made. This study aims to determine the role of the electricity and gas procurement sector of Gorontalo Province, the linkages between sectors and regions, and the impact of investment in the electricity and gas procurement sector of Gorontalo Province on the Indonesian economy. The analysis method used is Inter Regional Input-Output (IRIO) analysis using the IRIO Indonesia table of 17 Sectors and 34 Provinces compiled by BPS. The results showed that the electricity and gas procurement sector of Gorontalo Province had the highest spreading impact among other sectors. Furthermore, if investment in the electricity and gas procurement sector of Gorontalo Province is reduced, it will have an impact on decreasing output, income, and employment in other sectors and regions.
Keyword: Economic Development, Electricity and Gas Procurement, Investment, IRIO, Sector and Region Linkage

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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