Judul: Nutrient and asiaticocide biosynthesis diagnoses using plant tissues analyses to compose fertilizer recommendation and harvest system on asiatic pennywort (Centela asiatica).
Abstrak: Balanced and rational application of fertilizer can be achieved when the status and dynamics of the nutrients in the soil and in the plant’s requirements for the nutrients are taken into consideration for maximum production. This approach may be well-applied and profitable if the fertilizer recommendation is based on soil and plant tissue tests, but the result of plant tissues test is not worthly when there is no result of correlation and calibration. The disertation is composed based on the results of four experiments which aims are: 1) the exact leave tissue used for nutrients status NPK of asiatic pennywort diagnose, 2) the NPK status and NPK dosage of fertiilizer for maximum asiaticocide bioactive of asiatic pennywort, 3) the exact harvest system of asiatic pennywort for maximum production of asiaticocide bioactive, 4) to achieve the information of asiatic pennywort agriculture technique with maximum production of asiaticocide that fulfill the MMI condition (1.20 %) and 5) to know the range of NPK required for asiatic pennywort. The research was conducted at the research station Gunung Putri, Pacet, Cianjur district. The exact harvest of asiatic pennywort at high altitude for high production of aimplisia and asiaticocide bioactive are at 5 months of age. The exact leave for the diagnose of nutrient status in determining NPK fertilizer for asiatic pennywort is the firts (1st) leaf of 5 months for NPK analyses. The vegetative growth charactheristic that may be analysed, which is used as asiaticocide production type on the application of NPK fertilizer, are total amount of leaf, leaf’s length, leaf’s width, total amount of primary vine, and total amount of section. The best regression model between the NPK nutrient concentrations of leave samples and the relative results of asiatic pennyworth plant (dry weight of simplicia and asiaticocide weight) are quadratic. The critical level of NPK nutrients of asiatic pennywort leaves for dry weight production of simplicia are 2.97 % N , 0.23 % P, and 3.98 % K. The critical level of asiaticocide production are at 2.98 % N, 0.23 % P and 3.85 % K. Based on quadratic regression model, the NPK fertilizer dosages for the maximum production of dry weight simplicia are 2.57 g N/plant, 0.72 g P/plant and 2.69 g K/plant. The NPK concentrations of leaves samples are 4.33 N%, 0.32 P%, and 4.96 K%. The concentrations of NPK fertilizer of sample leaves are 3.58 % N, 0.39 % P and 4.84 % K. The system for harvesting frequency of ratoon of asiatic pennywort, applied every 5 months (R3) produce the highest fresh weight (28.88 t/ha), dry weight (18 t/ha) and asiaticocide weight (25.8 kg/ha) compared with the other harvests system. Best fertilizing recommendation based on quadratic regression pattern of calibration test results from N< P, and K, the standards achieved for N, P, and K leaf’s nutrient status were 3.58% N, 0.39% P, and 4.84% K. While the maximum dosage of multinutrient fertilizer being recommended for asiatic pennywort is (2.04 g N + 0.42 g P + 2.93 g K)/plant/season with ratoon harvest system interval of 5-month, it is hoped the
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Judul: Variability and growth response and asiaticoside production of asiatic pennywort (Centella asiatica (L.) Urban) at different site elevations and shades.
Abstrak: In developing products derived from asiatic pennywort there is a lack of guarantee in terms of raw material supply and quality. To support such needs, standardized plant material will ensure production level and quality. The objectives of this research were: 1) to obtain information of the genetic parameters, i.e. of asiatic pennywort morphological characters and criterion of selection to produce high content of asiaticoside and dry shoot production, obtaining asiatic pennywort accessions which have high content of asiaticoside and dry shoot production, and information about the result of asiatic pennywort selection based on independent culling level, a single selection, weighted and unweighted standardized selection indexes, 2) to analyse and evaluate genetic distances of 17 accessions asiatic pennywort based on morphological, RAPD, and the data of markers combination, and 3) to obtain response of the growth and asiaticoside production of six asiatic pennywort plant accessions in different shades on low and high elevation areas. Results of the research showed that number of leaf; length, width, and leaf area: number of vein leaf, and segment length on the longest stolon have wide genetic variability and high heritability. The length and diameter of leaf petiole: leaf thickness, number of runner, content and production of asiaticoside that showed narrow genetic variability and heritability from low to moderate. Narrow genetic variability and high heritability were shown by characters of dry shoot weight. Direct selection toward dry shoot production could be conducted through selection of leaf area. The selection indicated that 4 accessions of asiatic pennywort showed high content of asiaticoside and dry shoot weight, namely Casi 016, Casi 003, Casi 008, and Casi 002. Grouping of asiatic pennywort accessions based on morphological, RAPD, and the basis of markers combination divided the 17 accessions of asiatic pennywort into 4, 5, and 4 groups at similarity level of 0.33, 0.73, and 0.72, respectively. In high elevation, highest production of asiaticoside (2.34 g m-2) and content of asiaticoside above MMI standard (1.33%) occured in Casi 002 planted without shade.
Keyword: Medicinal plants, Genetic variability, High elevation, Shade, Low elevation, Centella asiatica L. (Urban)

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix