Judul: Kajian Prosedur Operasi Baku (SOP) dan Pelaksanaan Pemantauan Debit dan Erosi di Hutan Tanaman Industri
Abstrak: Industrial plantation forest management with clear cutting and man made planting silviculture system potentially causes negative impact on runoff and surface erosion rate. Therefore, every industrial plantation forest concessionaries have to control those negative impacts. In order to control the impacts, information of river discharge and surface erosion rate are required. To get right information, forest plantation concessionaries develop standar operating procedure (SOP) for river discharge and surface erosion rate monitoring and implementation of monitoring. This study is aimed to analyze the SOP for river discharge and erosion, and their implementations based on scientific view of applied methods. Based on gap analyses, among SOP contents, their implementation and scientific view of applied methods, SOP and their implemenatation of river discharge and erosion monitoring are not effective yet to control the impact of forest plantation mangement on surface run-off, river discharge and erosion rate. Methods for river discharge and surface erosion monitoring written in the SOP and implementations are needed to be improved to obtain more valid and accurate information to control the impact of forest plantation management effectively.
Keyword: SOP, monitoring, industrial forest plantation, erosion, discharge

Judul: Study of Gap Planting Impact to Soil Erosion on Rehabilitation Activities of Degraded Natural Forests in the PBPH Areal of PT SARPATIM
Abstrak: Pengembangan sistem silvikultur TPTR dan TRTR memerlukan informasi dampak tanam rumpang di areal hutan alam terdegradasi yang nantinya berdampak terhadap tanah hutan, terutama erosi tanah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mendapatkan informasi tingkat erosi tanah akibat kegiatan tanam rumpang di areal hutan alam terdegradasi serta bertopografi datar-landai dan sedang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Mei-September 2021 dengan pengambilan data sebanyak delapan kali di enam plot tanam rumpang dan enam plot hutan alam terdegradasi. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nyata perlakuan teknologi tanam rumpang terhadap besar erosi tanah. Besar erosi tanah di rumpang bertopografi datar-landai dan sedang tidak berbeda nyata. Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besarnya tanah tererosi yang terjadi berturut-turut dari terbesar ke terkecil ialah pada areal hutan alam terdegradasi, jalur tanam di rumpang, dan penyekat erosi di rumpang., The development of TPTR and TRTR silvicultural systems requires information on the impact of gap planting in degraded natural forest areals that might will have an impact on forest soils, especially soil erosion. The purpose of the research was to obtain information on the level of soil erosion due to the application of gap planting in degraded natural forest areals and with flat to sloping and moderate class topography. The research was carried out in May-September 2021 with data collection eight times in six gap planting plots and six degraded natural forest plots. The results of statistical tests showed that there were noticeable differences in the treatment of gap planting technology to the magnitude of soil erosion. Meanwhile, the magnitude of soil erosion in the gap flat to sloping topography and moderate topography did not show a noticeable difference. It is concluded, that the amount of eroded soil that occurred in order from the largest to the smallest was in the degraded natural forest areal, the planting stripe in the gap, and the erosion barrier in the gap.
Keyword: Degraded natural forests, Erosion, Gap planting technology, Rehabilitation

Judul: Kimiawi imunoglobulin G serta perbedaabbya antara berbagi species hewan
Abstrak: Antibodi adalah molekul protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel plasma sebagai akibat interaksi antara limfosit B peka antigen dengan antigen khusus. Antibodi ini disebut juga imunoglobulin karena molekulnya berbentuk globulin. Jadi imunoglobulin merupakan molekul protein yang membawa akti- vitas antibodi, yaitu sifat kombinasi spesifik dengan zat yang mendatangkan formasi antigen. Diantara kelas imunoglobulin, Ig G adalah yang paling melimpah dalam serum darah. Ig G ini memainkan peran utama dalam mekanisme pertahanan. Ig G merupakan struktur glikoprotein dengan dasar bentuk bangunan diagram tetrapolipeptida yang mengandung 4 ran tai polipeptida dengan 2 rantai berat (H) yang identik dan 2 rantai ringan L) yang identik. Rantai polipeptida ini di bentuk oleh rangkaian asam amino. Tiap rantai berat (H) me ngandung 446 residu asam amino dengam BM (2 x 50.000) Dal ton dan tiap rantai ringan (L) mengandung residu asam amino 213() atau 214 () dengan BM (2 x 25.000) Dalton. Bagian variabel dari rantai berat (VH) mengandung 118 residu asam amino dan bagian variabel rantai ringan (VL) mengandung 108 () atau 109 () residu, sedangkan residu sisanya dari masing-masing rantai adalah bagian konstan (CH dan CL). Adanya perbedaan-perbedaan dalam hal asam amino pada salah satu daerah variabel dapat menyebabkan perbedaan imun respon. ...
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