Judul: Pendugaan Potensi Simpanan Karbon Dari Tegakan Pinus (Pinus merkusii) Tidak Terbakar Dan Pasca Terbakar di KPH Malang, Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. The forest fires can emmited amount of carbon so that the carbon sink in forest can be decreased. On the other hand, the forest fire can also caused the emmited of carbon that cause an increasing of carbon concentration in the air to cause the global warming as an impact from green-house gases that can harmful for the life existances in this earth. Because of that, the forest must be preserved and managed wisely and also need research of carbon sink potential in forest stand to know the carbon total. MATERIALS AND METHOD. This research was conducted in KPH Malang, Perum Perhtani Unit II East Java from April to Mei 2009. The equipment that are needed; scales, oven, chopping knife, samson paper, plastic bag, digital camera, plastic rope, Minitab 15 program, tally sheet and writing tools. The materials that are required are an unburnt area (on square 82 d) and a post fire area on square 83 i) in KPH Malang, Perum Perhutani Unit II East Java. On unburnt and post fire are made square of 20 m x 20 m, and also small squares of 2 m x 2 m in four amount which is put in every corner to be taken low plant vegetations and manure. The result is processed through biomass estimation which then is converted into carbon storage in ton/ha. To find the effecting factor towards carbon storage, analyzes using ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) is used. RESULT AND DISCUSSION. The total potential of carbon storage on post fire Pinus stand (on square 82 D) that has planting distance 6 m x 2 m is 358,7263 ton/ha. The total potential of carbon storage on unburnt square (on square 83 I) that has planting distance 3 m x 2 m is 297,1426 ton/ha. It is caused by the forest fire that changed carbon sink potential, so that carbon sink potential on post fire Pinus stand is bigger than on unburnt Pinus stand. The result of statistic analyzes using ANOVA shows that the value of R-sq = 95,2850% for post fire Pinus stand and 99,2559 % for unburnt Pinus stand. Both on post fire Pinus stand and on unburnt Pinus stand, there is the Pinus stand that gives significant difference between manure and below plant in significant level 5 %. CONCLUSION. The total potential of carbon storage on post fire Pinus stand is 358,7263 ton/ha. The total potential of carbon storage on unburnt Pinus stand is 297,1426 ton/ha. The forest stand in Indonesia, especially in KPH Malang have to preserve, especially from the forest disturbance such as forest fire because of the role of forest as carbon sink for the better life process in this earth.
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Judul: Pendugaan potensi simpanan karbon pada tegakan Pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) di KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten
Abstrak: Global warming is one of the major environmental issues that currently concern to the various parties. Because of global warming, increasing in average temperature of earth's sea and land caused by industrial activity and reduction of forest cover due to deforestation, especially lately. Based on these evolving issues and considering the importance of the role of forests in absorbing carbon from the air and store it in forest biomass, it is necessary a lot of research that could encourage the continued development of carbon in biomass. One important aspect of research is to know the potential of carbon stored in the stands of pine. The experiment was conducted in KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III West Java and Banten in April 2010 to May 2010. Materials used in this research were planting stands of pine in 1994 on square 27A RPH West Hanjawar BKPH South Sukanagara and planted stands of Pine year 1995 on square 48I RPH East Hanjawar BKPH North Sukanagara in KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III West Java and Banten. The tools used in this study include scales, digital scales, ovens, machete, newsprint, chalk, plastic bags, plastic rope, stationery, tally sheets, calculator, tape measure, camera, and software SAS. In the area of stands are made each 5 plots with a size of 20 m x 20 m to measure the trees and also made small plots measuring 2 m x 2 m by 4 pieces located at each corner for analysis and retrieval of vegetation and litter. Results obtained from these data are processed through the approach of biomass which is then converted to carbon savings in ton/ha. To know the factors that influence the use of carbon deposits by using ANOVA analysis and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the potential of carbon storage on plots planted in 1995 is 77,1580 ton/ha greater than the potential carbon storage on plots planted in 1994 which only amounted to 64,6372 ton/ha. The test results using ANOVA statistical analysis showed the value of R-Sq = 96,01% and significant level 5%, there is a difference between the carbon potential on one of the object variabel (tree, manure, below plant) which is found on the stands of pine planted in 1994 and stands pine planting in 1995, where the variable is a tree. There needs to be further research on the estimation of carbon stock potential using a different method of harvesting method with the same kind of pine stands.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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