Judul: Social Capital, Economic Coping Strategy and Family Well-Being of Vegetable Farmer during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Dampak pandemi bagi petani sayuran yaitu menurunnya pendapatan yang mengganggu tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga petani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh modal sosial dan strategi koping ekonomi terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga petani sayuran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif dan penarikan contoh dilakukan dengan cara two stage random sampling. Lokasi penelitian ini adalah Desa Paniaran, Kecamatan Siborong-borong, Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah istri sebanyak 85 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dengan alat bantu kuesioner. Data dianalisis dengan analisis jalur menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 25. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa modal sosial memiliki pengaruh tidak langsung terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif, yaitu melalui strategi koping ekonomi dan melalui kesejahteraan objektif. Strategi koping ekonomi memiliki pengaruh negatif tidak langsung terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif. Pengaruh tidak langsung ini melalui kesejahteraan objektif. Peningkatan kesejahteraan dapat dilakukan dengan cara menurunkan jumlah strategi koping ekonomi dan meningkatkan modal sosial., The impact of the pandemic for vegetable farmers is the decline in income which disrupts the well-being level of the farmer family. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of social capital and economic coping strategies on the well-being of vegetable farmer families. This research is a descriptive study and sampling was done by means of two stage random sampling. The location of this research is Paniaran Village, Siborong-borong District, North Tapanuli Regency, North Sumatra Province. The subjects in this study were 85 wives. Data are collected through interviews with a questionnaire tool. The data are analyzed by path analysis using the SPSS 25 application. The results of the analysis show that social capital has an indirect effect on subjective well-being, namely through economic coping strategies and through objective well-being. Economic coping strategies have an indirect negative effect on subjective well-being. This indirect effect is through objective well-being. Well-being improvement can be done by reducing the number of economic coping strategies and increasing social capital.
Keyword: coping strategy, farmer, objective well-being, social capital, subjective well-being, coping strategy, farmer, objective well-being, social capital, subjective well-being

Judul: The Effectiveness of the Empowerment Program and Relationship with the Household Empowerment of Farmer Group Members during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 turut berdampak terhadap pelambatan distribusi hasil pertanian termasuk kopi dan pecapaian tujuan program pemberdayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas program pemberdayaan dan hubungannya dengan keberdayaan rumah tangga anggota kelompok tani pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 30 petani. Data sekunder diperoleh dari BPS dan lembaga terkait. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan dan observasi lapang. Uji korelasi rank spearman digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan pada aktivitas program pemberdayaan pada masa pandemi dan keberdayaan anggota kelompok tani di Kelompok Tani Mekar Wangi Jaya juga semakin berdaya. Semakin efektif program pemberdayaan, maka rumah tangga anggota kelompok tani pada masa pandemi COVID-19 semakin berdaya., The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered the distribution of agricultural products, including coffee beans and influenced the achievement of empowerment program. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the empowerment program and its relationship with household empowerment of farmer group members during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary data were obtained through structured interviews using questionnaires to 30 farmers. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants and field observations. Rank spearman correlation test was used to analyaze correlations between the research variables. The results showed that there was a decline in empowerment program activities during the pandemic and the power of farmer group members at the Mekar Wangi Jaya Farmers Group also decreased. Farmer group empowerment program has positive correlation with power and welfare of the farmer group member.
Keyword: farmer group, COVID-19 pandemic, empowerment program

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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