Judul: IDENTIFICATION OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT AREAS USING NDDI AND TVDI METHODS IN CIRANJANG SUB-DISTRICT, CIANJUR REGENCY
Abstrak: Kekeringan merupakan salah satu jenis bencana alam hidrometeorologis. Kecamatan Ciranjang, Kabupaten Cianjur mengalami kekeringan puncak musim kemarau yang berdampak pada ketersediaan air untuk keperluan domestik dan pengairan lahan pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persebaran wilayah yang mengalami kekeringan lahan pertanian menggunakan metode Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI) dan Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) di Kecamatan Ciranjang, Kabupaten Cianjur pada tahun 2015 dan 2019. NDDI berfokus pada perubahan vegetasi dan kehilangan air tanaman sebagai indikator kekeringan. TVDI dalam mengindikasikan kekeringan berfokus pada perbedaan suhu permukaan tanah dan vegetasi. Kelembaban tanah sawah irigasi dan tadah hujan memiliki tren positif terhadap ketinggian lahan yang berkaitan dengan kedekatan sumber air. Wilayah kekeringan pertanian di Kecamatan Ciranjang pada kategori kering metode NDDI dan TVDI adalah sawah tadah hujan yang berada di Desa Kertajaya, Gunungsari, dan Sindangsari pada ketinggian lahan di atas 250 mdpl. Kejadian kekeringan di Kecamatan Ciranjang dipengaruhi oleh topografi, wilayah yang lebih tinggi cenderung lebih kering saat kondisi curah hujan tidak mencukupi. Kekeringan lahan pertanian di Kecamatan Ciranjang pada tahun 2015 dan 2019 menurunkan luas panen padi sekitar 15%. Pemetaan area persawahan yang berpotensi kering merupakan strategi awal untuk menentukan area prioritas penanganan kekeringan guna meminimalisir kerugian., Drought is one type of hydrometeorological natural disaster. Ciranjang Sub-district, Cianjur Regency had a peak dry season drought that affected the availability of water for domestic use and irrigation of agricultural land. This study aims to analyze the distribution of areas experiencing agricultural land drought using the Normalized Difference Drought Index (NDDI) and Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) methods in Ciranjang District, Cianjur Regency in 2015 and 2019. NDDI focuses on changes in vegetation and plant water loss as indicators of drought. TVDI indicates drought by focusing on differences in soil surface temperature and vegetation. Soil moisture of irrigated and rainfed rice fields has a positive trend towards land elevation related to the nearness of water sources. Agricultural drought areas in Ciranjang Sub-district in the dry category of NDDI and TVDI methods are rainfed rice fields located in Kertajaya, Gunungsari, and Sindangsari Villages at land elevations above 250 meters above sea level. Drought events in Ciranjang Sub-district is influenced by topography; higher areas tend to be drier when there is insufficient rainfall. Drought in Ciranjang sub-district in 2015 and 2019 reduced the rice harvest area by around 15%. Mapping of potentially dry rice fields is an initial strategy to determine priority areas for drought management to minimize losses.
Keyword: drought, NDDI, paddy field, soil moisture, TVDI

Judul: Identification of Agricultural Drought Mapping
Based on TVDI and SMI Algorithms in Indramayu Regency
Abstrak: bupaten Indramayu sebesar 79,8 %. Salah satu solusi memitigasi kekeringan adalah membuat peta kekeringan pertanian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi wilayah persebaran yang mengalami kekeringan pertanian menggunakan metode Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) dan Soil Moisture Index (SMI). Metode TVDI dan SMI dalam mengindikasikan kekeringan berfokus pada perbedaan suhu permukaan tanah dan vegetasi. Kedua metode ini berbasis parameter empirik. Identifikasi sebaran kekeringan lahan pertanian baik menggunakan metode SMI maupun TVDI menghasilkan sebaran kekeringan lahan yang mirip. Terjadinya kekeringan tidak dipengaruhi secara langsung oleh curah hujan. Hal ini dikarenakan sebagian besar lahan sawah di Kabupaten Indramayu merupakan lahan sawah irigasi. Sawah irigasi mampu mengantisipasi kekeringan dengan pengairan melalui sungai terdekat. Sedangkan sawah tadah hujan, mampu diantisipasi dengan metode pompanisasi. Secara visual, sebaran kekeringan mengalami peningkatan dari tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2023 pada bulan Juni hingga Agustus sebesar 129.880 ha. Kekeringan yang terjadi ditandai juga dengan penurunan luas panen di tahun 2019 dan 2023, sebesar 20.341 ha dan 13.975 ha. Upaya awal menentukan daerah prioritas penanganan kekeringan untuk meminimalisir kerugian adalah dengan cara pemetaan kekeringan pertanian., Drought is the main cause of crop failure in Indramayu Regency with 79.8%. One solution to mitigate drought is to create an agricultural drought map. This research aims to identify the distribution areas that experience agricultural drought using the Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index (TVDI) and Soil Moisture Index (SMI) methods. The TVDI and SMI methods of indicating drought focus on differences in soil surface temperature and vegetation. Both methods are based on empirical parameters. Identifying the distribution of agricultural land drought using both the SMI and TVDI methods produces a similar distribution of land drought. The occurrence of drought is not directly influenced by rainfall. It’s because most of the rice fields in Indramayu Regency are irrigated rice fields. Irrigated rice fields can anticipate drought by irrigating through the nearest river. Meanwhile, rain-fed rice fields can be anticipated with the pompanization method. Visually, the distribution of drought has increased from 2019 to 2023 in June to August by 129.880 ha. Drought is also characterized by a decrease in harvest areas in 2019 and 2023, amounting to 20.341 ha and 13.975 ha, respectively. Initial effort to determine priority areas for drought management to minimize losses is by mapping agricultural drought.
Keyword: penginderaan jauh, padi, petani, kelembapan tanah, sawah

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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