Judul: DNA Fragmentation on HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cell in the Presence of Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Extract
Abstrak: Type 3 resistant starch (RS3) is retrogaded starch that resists digestion in the small intestine of healthy people and fermented in the large intestine. The main fermentation products are the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate is the major energy source for the colonocytes and have anti-carcinogenic effects mainly by affecting proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of colonocytes. The aim of this study was to analyze apoptotic DNA fragments of HCT-116 human colon cancer cell incubated with SCFA derived from fermentation of RS3 of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) by C. Butyricum BCC B2571 using DNA ladder assay. The DNA bands detected from attached cells treated with SCFA containing 1.00 and 1.25 mM butyrate were different from the control, appeared as longer smear. There were separate DNA bands in the floating cells in the treated medium (SCFA containing 0.625, 1.00, and 1.25 mM butyrate) at ±100 bp. These bands were not presence in the control. DNA fragmentation was not clear in the attached cells, but was observed as a separate bands in the floating cells in the medium which contained the dead cells. This research still needs optimazion of DNA extraction to get the best result of DNA fragmentation assay
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Judul: Toksisitas Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA), Produk Turunan Pati Resisten Tipe 3 Hasil Fermentasi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas) Oleh Bakteri Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 Terhadap Sel HCT-116
Abstrak: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a food that contains high type 3 resistant starch. Fermentation of type 3 resistant starch by several bacteria such as Clostridium can produce Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) containing acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFA butyrate is capable to inhibit the growth of colon carcinoma cells with an apoptosis pathway. The aim of this research was to analyze the toxicity of SCFA produce from fermentation of type-3 resistant starch from sweet potato with the bacterium Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 against human colon carcinoma cell line using hemacytometer cell counting method and detection of apoptotic cells by Hoechst 33258 staining. The type 3 resistant starch fermented from sweet potato with a molar ratio of acetate, propionate, and butyrate at 52.95 mM : 66.93 mM : 92.41 mM were used as the primary working solution which was further diluted. VERO cell was used in the analysis as a normal cell with treatment given at concentration of 10 mM; 5 mM: 2.5 mM: 1.25 mM: 0.625 mM, while HCT 116 cells was used as a colon cancer cells by treatment with 1.25 mM; 0.625 mM: 0.313 mM: 0.156 mM; 0.078 mM. The results showed that the butyrate concentration of 1.25 mM showed the high toxicity of 85.42% to HCT 116 cells and in VERO cells showed low toxicity at 46.97%. Detection of apoptosis using Hoechst 33258 staining showed that apoptosis occurred in HCT-116 cells by a SCFA concentration of 1.25 mM and 0.625 mM.
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Judul: Kebutuhan pemandu wisata di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango
Abstrak: Pramuwisata atau lebih dikenal sebagai pemandu wisata berasal dari bahasa Sansekerta yaitu pramu, wis dan ata. Pramu berarti pelayanan atau orang yang me- layani, wis artinya tempat, dan ata berarti banyak, sehingga batasan pramuwisata adalah orang yang bertugas memberikan bimbingan, penerangan dan petunjuk ten- tang obyek wisata (Direktorat Jenderal Pariwisata, 1991), yang berarti orang yang bertugas memberikan pemanduan wisata. Pemanduan wisata alam di taman nasional merupakan kegiatan yang bertu- juan memberikan pelayanan kepada wisatawan dalam menikmati obyek-obyek wisata alam yang terdapat di kawasan taman nasional, sehingga wisatawan dapat menya- dari, menghargai dan mengerti tentang kawasan yang dikunjunginya serta membantu wisatawan untuk memperoleh tambahan pengalaman, kenyamanan dan kepuasan. Selain itu pemanduan wisata alam merupakan sarana untuk mencapai salah satu tujuan taman nasional yaitu perlindungan dan pelestarian obyek-obyek yang ada, karena pemandu wisata dapat menjelaskan dan menginformasikan secara tepat, be- nar, dan menarik tentang kawasan dan obyek-obyek di taman nasional, yang mem- buat pengunjung dapat mengerti dan memahami bahwa kawasan taman nasional yang dikunjunginya itu merupakan tempat istimewa yang memerlukan perlakuan khusus. Salah satu taman nasional yang telah melaksanakan kegiatan pemanduan wisa- ta alam adalah Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango. Namun pengelolaan kegi- atan pemanduan tersebut dirasakan masih sangat kurang serta belum terarah dan tera- tur, sehingga diperlukan usaha-usaha untuk mengatasi hal tersebut yang berupa penyediaan tenaga-tenaga pemandu yang profesional dan pengelolaan kegiatan pemanduan secara profesional. ...
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