Judul: Biological, behavior reproduction, and genetic relationshipof weris bird gallirallus philippensis (Gruiformes: Rallidae) at Minahasa, North Celebes
Abstrak: Meat of weris has potential as a source of protein, and the Minahasa community eats the meat as a traditional food. The population of weris bird has decreased drastically mainly due to uncontrolled hunting. The purpose of this research was to study the variations of phenotypic, genetic, and biological aspects of weris behavior raised under captivity. The research was conducted in May 2011 until August 2012. Research activities included DNA sampling, morphological characteristics, and biological studies. Molecular analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Centre of Biological Sciences Study and Center of Biotechnology, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed that weris from four locations in Minahasa had a high level of morphological similarity. Weris from four locations: Papontolen, Ranoyapo, Tondano, and Wusa had genetic variations with different haplotipes, thereby forming multiple branching, but still one group. Gallirallus philippensis in Minahasa and Australia had no relationship. Based on morphometric measurements, weris males were larger than females on body weight, beak length, and beak width. Changes in morphological characters, especially discoloration on the head and wings pins hair growth during growth and development, could be used as the basis of age estimation. Weris nest was a single nest with open type, clutch size 1-8 items and have the spawning season. Incubation period was 19 days, fertility was 64.13%, and hatchability was 45.76%. The carcass percentage was 65.85%, so it had potential to be utilizedas meat producer. Based on the chemical composition of the meat, weris had a good meat quality. Hatching behavior of weris was unique, and very different from the other birds.Weris have six stages of hatching, that was begun with the break down of the egg until the chick movement out of the gas shell. Weris was a diurnal bird with activity started in the morning until the afternoon. Weris chick performed different activities from the adults Weris. The highest activity of adult weris was moving, but the weris chicks mainly resting. The weris inherited behavior of bathing, and this behavior did not change even if the environment changed.
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Judul: Perburuan dan Perdagangan Burung Air untuk Konsumsi di Desa Singakerta Kecamatan Krangkeng, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Area of West Java’s north shore has been well-known as waterbirds hunting site. The collecting and marketing centre is located in Singakerta Village. Continuous exploitation without applying sustainability principle will cause a serious threat to bird’s population in the wild. The objective of this research was to collect and to renew data and information about waterbird hunting and trading activities for consumption, as well as to reveal the socio-economic characteristics of community in Singakerta Village. Research was carried out in Singakerta Village, Krangkeng Regency, Indramayu District, West Java between December 2011 and February 2012. Data collected were waterbird species being hunted, trading activities and characteristics of community who involved in waterbird trading. Data were collected through literature study, direct observation and structured interview. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling method, were hunters (8 persons), collectors (3 persons), bird traders (12 persons) and consumers (30 persons). There were 26 species of birds (14.225 individuals) from 11 families captured during research period. Species from Rallidae family was mostly caught (7 species). The biggest number of bird captured was in January (averaged at 308 individuals/day). Migratory species that mostly caught was Yellow Bittern (Ixobrychus sinensis) (32,57%). Resident species that mostly captured was Common Moorhen (Gallinula chloropus) (10,20%). Bird hunting sites were including Singakerta Village, other Regencies in Indramayu District, Cirebon, Subang, Karawang, Majalengka, Central Java and even Lampung. Habitat type of bird hunting were rice fields and temporary embankment. Bird hunting basically was a side job of hunters. Approximately 47,06% of hunters use mist net for hunting and 67,00% of hunters have known about regulation on bird protected. Approximately 66,67% of fried bird sellers were residing in Cirebon area. Bird species that received less interest from consumer were Oriental Pratincole (Glareola maldivarum), Yellow Bittern (I. sinensis), Red Bittern (I. cinnamomeus), Dwarf Mouse-bird (Porzana pusilla) and Sandpipers (Tringa sp.). The deliciousness and low price of bird’s meat attracted consumers to consume the birds.
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Judul: Aproksimasi Fungsi Sinus dan Kosinus sebagai Kombinasi Linear dari Fungsi Eksponensial
Abstrak: Salah satu gagasan yang menarik dalam matematika adalah aproksimasi suatu fungsi oleh fungsi lain. Sebagai contoh, fungsi polinom dapat diaproksimasi menggunakan deret Taylor atau fungsi persamaan diferensial dapat diaproksimasi menggunakan deret Fourier. Adapun fungsi yang dapat mengaproksimasi fungsi lain salah satunya adalah fungsi eksponensial. Kemungkinan mengaproksimasi fungsi dengan kombinasi linear dari fungsi eksponensial dari bentuk eˣ, e²ˣ, ... dianggap sebagai perkembangan sejajar dengan gagasan Deret Taylor yang mengaproksimasi fungsi dengan kombinasi linear dari segi fungsi kuadrat. Fungsi sin x dan cos x digunakan sebagai target untuk menilai seberapa baik aproksimasi yang dilakukan oleh fungsi yang diberikan. Aproksimasi fungsi sinus dan kosinus menggunakan hampiran Taylor lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan aproksimasi menggunakan fungsi eksponensial.
Keyword: Aprosimaksi eksponensial, aproksimasi fungsi, aprosimaksi Taylor, fungsi eksponensial