Judul: Preferensi dan Willingness to Pay Wisatawan Terhadap Virtual Reality Tourism di Malang Night Paradise Pasca Pandemi
Abstrak: The high rate of Covid-19 cases led to a decrease in the number of tourist visits and state revenue in the Indonesian tourism sector by 20.7 billion. The tourism sector's contribution to Indonesia's GDP in 2021 was only 4.2% after the previous year of the pandemic reached 4.7%. Virtual Reality (VR) is an option for traveling during a pandemic. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of tourists, willingness to pay, and the factors that influence the willingness to pay of tourists on the use of VR. The sample of this study was 115 respondents who had visited Malang Night Paradise and were interested in using VR in Adventure Land. Data analysis using descriptive analysis, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM): bidding games & open-ended method, as well as multiple linear regression. The results showed that the characteristics of tourists were dominated by young people. The maximum price that respondents are willing to pay is IDR 26,772/ticket and the optimal price was obtained at IDR 19,295/ticket. This price is lower than the current ticket price, which is IDR 20,000. The factors that have a positive/negative and significant effect on the value of WTP are education, monthly income/pocket money, gender, and marital status., Tingkat kasus Covid-19 yang tinggi menyebabkan penurunan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan dan pendapatan negara di sektor pariwisata Indonesia sebesar Rp20,7 miliar. Kontribusi sektor pariwisata terhadap PDB Indonesia pada tahun 2021 hanya sebesar 4,2% setelah di tahun sebelum pandemi mencapai 4,7%. Virtual Reality (VR) menjadi pilihan berwisata di masa pandemi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik wisatawan, kesediaan membayar, dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi willingness to pay wisatawan terhadap penggunaan VR. Sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 115 responden yang pernah berkunjung ke Malang Night Paradise dan tertarik dengan penggunaan VR di Wahana Adventure Land. Analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM): bidding games & open ended method, serta regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan karakteristik wisatawan yang didominasi oleh kalangan muda. Harga maksimal yang bersedia responden bayarkan sebesar Rp26.772/tiket dan harga optimal diperoleh sebesar Rp19.295/tiket. Harga tersebut lebih kecil dibandingkan harga tiket saat ini, yaitu Rp20.000. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh positif/negatif dan signifikan terhadap nilai WTP adalah pendidikan, pendapatan/uang saku per bulan, jenis kelamin, dan status pernikahan.
Keyword: contingent valuation method, virtual reality tourism, willingness to pay, contingent valuation method, virtual reality tourism, willingness to pay

Judul: The Economic Impact of Tourism During the Covid-19 Pandemic and the Potential for Development of Cipanten Situ, Majalengka Regency, West Java
Abstrak: Situ Cipanten merupakan objek wisata yang berada di Kabupaten Majalengka. Pandemi Covid-19 yang mewabah di Indonesia menyebabkan pemerintah menerapkan kebijakan PSBB. Kebijakan ini menyebabkan kawasan wisata Situ Cipanten pun ditutup sementara. Para pelaku wisata kehilangan sumber pendapatan karena penurunan pengunjung selama masa PSBB berlangsung. Situ Cipanten saat ini sudah beroperasi kembali namun diberlakukan pembatasan dalam beraktivitas wisatanya. Untuk meningkatkan daya tarik pengunjung, maka pengembangan objek wisata menjadi penting dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengidentifikasi karakteristik wisatawan; (2) Mengestimasi dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkan terhadap masyarakat sekitar; (3) Mengestimasi besaran nilai kesediaan membayar pengunjung terhadap pengembangan atraksi wisata. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, multiplier effect dan DC-CVM dengan teknik Turnbull. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa wisatawan di Situ Cipanten didominasi oleh perempuan, usia muda (produktif), dan berpenghasilan di bawah UMR. Sifat kunjungan didominasi berkelompok, menggunakan motor pribadi dan berkunjung di hari weekend. Kawasan wisata Situ Cipanten memberikan dampak ekonomi yang besar bagi masyarakat sekitar, terlihat dari nilai keynesian income multiplier, ratio income multiplier tipe I dan tipe II yang bernilai lebih besar dari 1. Nilai rataan WTP responden pada wahana underwater sebesar Rp 25.400/orang sedangkan untuk fasilitas penginapan sebesar Rp 208.000/orang. Nilai tersebut menggambarkan kesediaan membayar pengunjung terhadap pengembangan wisata di Situ Cipanten., Situ Cipanten is a tourist attraction located in Majalengka Regency. The Covid-19 pandemic that is endemic in Indonesia has caused the government to implement the PSBB policy. This policy caused the Situ Cipanten tourist area to be temporarily closed. Tourism actors have lost their source of income due to the decline in visitors during the PSBB period. Situ Cipanten is currently operating again, but restrictions are imposed on its tourism activities. To increase the attractiveness of visitors, the development of tourist objects is important. The aims of this research are (1) to identify the characteristics of tourists; (2) Estimating the economic impact on the surrounding community; (3) Estimating the value of visitors' willingness to pay for the development of tourist attractions. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, multiplier effect and DC-CVM with Turnbull technique. The results of this study indicate that tourists in Situ Cipanten are dominated by women, young (productive), and earning below the minimum wage. The nature of the visit is dominated by groups, using private motorbikes and visiting on weekends. The Situ Cipanten tourist area has a large economic impact on the surrounding community, as can be seen from the value of the keynesian income multiplier, the income multiplier ratio of type I and type II which is greater than 1. The average value of respondents' WTP on underwater rides is Rp. 25,400/person, while for facilities accommodation is Rp. 208.000/person. This value illustrates the willingness to pay visitors for tourism development in Situ Cipanten.
Keyword: turnbull method, multiplier effect, Covid-19 pandemic, willingness to pay

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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