Judul: Desain Model Monitoring Proses Produksi Teh Hitam
Abstrak: Tea is one of popular beverage in the world. Tea made of a young leaf sprout of tea crop (Camelia Sinensis). Pursuant to its processing process, tea product divided to become 3 type, that is green tea, oolong tea and the black tea. Black tea yielded through ferment, while oolong tea and green tea are processed without through ferment process. Tea consumer per capita per year in Indonesia still lower (250 gr/kapita/tahun) compared to a other producing country is reached 1.000 gr/kapita/tahun, so that consume domestic tea own potency to be improved. Applying Model Monitoring expected can assist in overcoming contraints that happened in course of production of black tea. Model Monitoring expected can watch production process which underway and also reognize each inappropriation in course of production of black tea. Target study of special problem is Designing Model of Monitoring production process of black tea yielded through process Crushing, Tearing and Curling (CTC).
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Judul: Design of differential accounting systems model inthe black tea groindustry
Abstrak: Indonesia was the world's sixth largest producer of tea commodity, after India, China, Srilangka, Kenya, and Turkey in the year of 2002. In the same year, Indonesia was the world's fifth largest exporter of the tea commodity, after Srilangka, Kenya, China, and India. During the last nine years, the export of Indonesian tea decreased from 129,900 tons in 1993 to 102,000 tons in 2002, a decrease by an average of two percent per year. This has caused the decrease of Indonesian market share of tea from 10.8 percent in 1993 to 7.2 percent in 2002. The situation has worsened by the fact that the export price of the Indonesian tea in the world market was also the lowest compared to the other tea producing countries. During the period of 1990 - 1998, the average price of the Indonesian tea was only 55.6%; 59.2%; and 74.6% of the average price of India, Srilangka, and Kenya respectively. The decreaisne sales volume and the lowest export price could be attributed to the poor management practices. To improve the efectiveness of the management of the Indonesian black tea ago-industry, a diferential accounting systems model was designed and developed as an integrated short and long-term strategies through which the industry could improve its competitiveness. The general objective of the study is to design a differential accounting systems model in the black tea ago-industry, in order to determim the cost of production, to analyse and to evaluate the performance of the black tea-agro-industry both for new planting and replanting models. Since the black tea ago-industry involves numerous complex inter-related factors, systems of approaches were used in the study. The decision-making computational models used in the study were Soft Systems Methodology (SSIY), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM, cost-profit-volume (CVP) analysis, financial ratio analysis. The sensitivity analysis is also used to find out the influences of the increase of production costs, the decrease of product price, and the changes of rupiah currency value toward the US dollar. The models were designed for both new planting and replanting models. Each model was then validated by using actual performance of the black tea ago-industry obtained from PT. Perkbunan Nusantara VIII (PTPN VIII) and Pusat Penelitian Teh dun Kina (PPTK) Gambung, and the standard of soundJinancia1 measurement for stateowned companies stated in the decree of the Finance Ministry of the Republic of Indonesia. The validations show that the differential accounting systems model fits the performance of the industry, for both models. However, the sensitivity analysis shows that the black tea agro-industry was very sensitive towards the factor changes, such as the decrease of product price, the increase of operating costs, and the depreciation of the local currency.
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Judul: Sarkosporidiosis pada sapi yang di sebabkan oleh sarcocystis cruzi
Abstrak: Sarkosporidiosis merupakan penyakit protozoa yang dapat berjalan akut dan kronis. Sarkosporidiosis pada sapi dapat diakibatkan oleh 3 jenis sarkosporidea dengan S. cruzi yang bersifat patogen dan paling banyak menyerang hewan sapi. Kejadian sapi yang terserang, mempunyai hubungan dengan umur dan musim. Sapi dari segala umur dapat terserang, tetapi sapi dengan umur di atas 2 tahun lebih banyak terserang. Mengenai musim, di Indonesia kejadian sarkosporidiosis lebih banyak terjadi pada musim hujan, dan kejadian di Eropa lebih banyak terjadi pada musim semi dan musim panas. Siklus hidup S. cruzi harus mempunyai dua induk semang yaitu herpifora sebagai induk semang antara dan karnifora sebagai induk semang akhir. Secara morfologi, hanya kista yang berisi bradyzoit yang menyebabkan infeksi terhadap karnifora. Bila dirangkumkan, perjalanan siklus hidupnya dapat dibagi dalam 3 tahap, yaitu tahap sporogoni, tahap skizogoni dan tahap gamelogoni. Tahap skizogoni merupakan tahap aseksual pada induk semang antara dan tahap gametogoni merupakan tahap seksual pada Induk semang akhir. togenitas Sarcocystis tidak begitu berat, yang membahayakan adalah toksinnya yang disebut sarkocystin atau sarkosporidin yang dapat merusak susunan syaraf, kelenjar adrenal, jantung dan dinding usus. Pengaruhnya pada penyakit yang bersifat akut, hanya terjadi dalam sejumlah kecil induk semang dan harus pula terhadap jumlah yang besar dari sporokista. Gejala-gejala klinis yang tampak adalah sebagai berikut: gejal umum, kerontokan bulu, hipersalivasi, ikterus kepucatan membaan mukus, limfadenopati periferal, diare, perasaan kedinginan, otot kejang, otot dan kepala tremor, dan paralisis-posterior. Pada sapi perah, gejala klinis yang terlihat umumnya terjadi setelah laktasi dimulai dengan sebelumnya tidak terlihat tanda-tanda yang jelas. Gejala yang ada, adalah demam (41.1°C 12.0°C), hipersalivasi, pengeluaran cairan dari hidung (nasal discharge), dan kehilangan pengkilapan bulu kulit serta kehilangan gerakan dari ekor ("ekor tikus"). ...
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