Judul: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE AND WAGE SCALE BASED ON THE TWO-POINT METHOD AT SMALL ENTERPRISES CULINARY SECTOR IN CIBINONG DISTRICT
Abstrak: Wabah pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia sejak awal 2020 – 2023 mengakibatkan perekonomian tidak stabil. Namun, perekonomian di Indonesia mampu ditopang oleh UMKM. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas UMKM tidak hanya dalam aspek penjualan namun sistem manajerial salah satunya melalui kompensasi. Permenaker No.1 Tahun 2017 mewajibkan setiap Usaha memiliki Struktur dan Skala Upah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Struktur dan Skala Upah Usaha Kecil Kuliner menggunakan metode dua titik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Agustus 2023 di Kecamatan Cibinong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive samping dengan jumlah sampel 10 Usaha Kecil (104 karyawan).Struktur dan Skala Upah dianalisis melalui metode 2 titik menggunakan micesoft excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap Usaha Kecil sudah menggaji karyawan sesuai Struktur dan Skala Upah Rekomendasi karena sudah dalam keadaan inpaid sehingga Struktur dan Skala Upah dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan tanpa perlu adanya penambahan biaya operasional gaji
Keyword: Culinary, Financial Compensation, Small Enterprises, Structure and Wage Scale, Two-Point Method

Judul: Analysis and Design of a Compensation System Based on the Two-Point Method in Small Culinary Businesses in Bandung City
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak besar pada ekonomi global pada tahun 2020, menyebabkan kontraksi ekonomi di hampir semua negara G-20. Kehadiran UMKM menjadi kekuatan dalam pemulihan perekonomian Indonesia pasca Covid-19 dan berhasil mempertahankan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebesar 5% pada tahun 2022-2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kompensasi, menganalisis keadilan eksternal dan internal, serta menyusun struktur dan skala upah pada Usaha Kecil Sektor Kuliner di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sampel sebanyak 11 Usaha Kecil. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan metode dua titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha kecil UKBDG10 memberikan kompensasi tertinggi sebesar 81% dan dari keseluruhan jabatan yang ada, tujuh jabatan telah memenuhi UMP dan dua jabatan belum memenuhi. Adanya struktur dan skala upah yang ideal memberikan kompensasi yang efektif untuk usaha kecil sektor kuliner di area wisata di Kota Bandung., The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the global economy in 2020,causing economic contraction in nearly all G-20 countries. The presence of SMEs became a driving force in the recovery of Indonesia's economy post-COVID19, successfully maintaining economic growth at 5% in 2022-2023. This research aims to identify compensation, analyze external and internal equity, and develop a wage structure and scale for small culinary businesses in Bandung City, West Java. This descriptive quantitative study included a sample of 11 small businesses. The data used comprises both primary and secondary data. The analytical methods used are descriptive analysis and the two-point method. The results show that the small business UKBDG10 provided the highest compensation at 81%, and of all the positions available, seven positions met the minimum wage standards while two did not. Having an ideal wage structure and scale offers effective compensation for small culinary businesses in the tourist areas of Bandung City
Keyword: kuliner, metode dua titi, sistem kompensasi, struktur dan skala upah, usaha kecil

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell