Judul: Subsitusi Ransum Komersial Broiler dengan Serbuk Gergaji Fermentasi. 2. Organ Dalam dan Organ Pencernaan.
Abstrak: gergaji fermentasi menggunakan probiotik multigeneral yang dibuat dari berbagai spesies (Felis catus, Macrotermes gilvus, dan Achatina fulica) terhadap organ dalam dan organ pencernaan ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 ekor ayam berumur 1 hari dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, masing-masing 10 ekor ayam dan dipelihara selama 35 hari. Komposisi serbuk gergaji fermentasi adalah molases, dicalcium phosphate (DCP), probiotik, air dan serbuk gergaji. Fermentasi serbuk gergaji dilakukan selama 24 jam. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P0 (ransum komersial), P1 (97.5% P0 + 2.5% serbuk gergaji fermentasi), P2 (95% P0 + 5% serbuk gergaji fermentasi), P3 (92.5% P0 + 7.5% serbuk gergaji fermentasi), and P4 (90% P0 + 10% serbuk gergaji fermentasi). Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot organ dalam dan bobot serta panjang saluran pencernaan. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukan pemberian serbuk gergaji fermentasi berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap penurunan bobot hati dan jantung. Kesimpulan dari percobaan ini pemberian serbuk gergaji fermentasi tidak mempengaruhi kerja organ dalam dan saluran pencernaan ayam broiler umur 35 hari.
Keyword: broiler, serbuk gergaji fermentasi, organ dalam, organ pencernaan, probiotik

Judul: Substitusi Ransum Komersial Broiler dengan Modifikasi Konsentrat Sapi Perah dan Probiotik: 2. Organ Dalam dan Pencernaan.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas substitusi ransum komersial dengan campuran konsentrat sapi perah, ampas tahu, DCP dan probiotik multigenera dari berbagai spesies terhadap karakteristik organ dalam broiler. Bahan yang digunakan berupa 200 ekor anak ayam umur sehari (DOC) yang dibagi dalam lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan yang terdiri dari 10 ekor ayam setiap ulangan, dan dipelihara selama 35 hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan P0 (100% pakan komersial), P1 (92.50% komersial pakan + 7.50% campuran pakan), P2 (85.00% komersial pakan + 15.00% campuran pakan), P3 (77.50% komersial pakan + 22.50% campuran pakan), P4 (70.00% komersial pakan + 30.00% campuran pakan). Peubah yang diukur adalah organ internal ayam broiler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang nyata (P<0.05) terhadap pankreas yang diduga lebih aktif memproduksi enzim pencernaan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan campuran konsentrat sapi perah 79.50%, ampas tahu 19.50%, DCP 1% dapat menggantikan pakan komersial dan pemberian probiotik tidak berpengaruh pada kerja organ internal broiler umur 35 hari.
Keyword: broiler, konsentrat sapi perah, organ dalam, organ pencernaan, probiotik

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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