Judul: Variasi Kandungan C-organik pada Jenis Lamun yang berbeda berdasarkan Karakteristik Lingkungan di Pulau Panjang Perairan Teluk Banten
Abstrak: Seagrass is a type of plant that lives in coastal waters and has the potential to absorb carbon and also can be used as an indicator of water quality. Organic carbon is an important element needed by seagrass. However, climate change and industrial activities around the Banten Bay waters were contributed to the changes of its characteristic. With the ability of seagrass to absorb carbon, the increase in carbon emissions in the coastal waters can be potentially reduced. This study aimed to analyze the C-organic content of Seagrass above the substrate (leaves) and the bottom of the substrate (roots and rhizomes) which grew in different locations on Panjang Island. The sampling location was divided into 2 stations with a considering difference of environmental characteristic. While Seagrass organic is divided into two parts, the leaf part or above ground (Abg) and the root part or below ground (Blg). The data obtained was analyzed using correspondence analysis (CA). The results show a variety of organic carbon were found in leaves, rhizomes, and seagrass roots of Enhalus acoroides, Cymodocea rotundata, and Sryngodium isoetifolium. The results of the correspondence analysis (CA) between organic carbon in seagrass and organic carbon in the substrate indicate spatial distribution. C-organic content in the seagrass is influenced by the density and C-organic in the substrate is influenced by the substrate composition and environmental conditions.
Keyword: seagrass, Panjang  Island, C-organic, substrate

Judul: Estimation of Carbon Storage and Quality Index of Seagrass Ecosystem on Giligenting Island, Sumenep Regency-Madura
Abstrak: Penyerapan CO2 di atmosfer dapat melalui tumbuhan darat dan lautan dengan mekanisme fotosintesis, kemudian diubah menjadi biomassa dalam bentuk jaringan tubuh. Karbon organik lamun disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa atas dan bawah substrat yang sangat tergantung pada kondisi lingkungan seperti morfologi lamun, kerapatan, tutupan, dan tipe substrat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur nilai pendugaan cadangan karbon biomassa lamun serta menganalisis indeks kualitas ekosistem lamun di perairan Pulau Giligenting, Sumenep. Penelitian dilakukan selama Bulan Maret hingga Juli 2023 di tiga stasiun penelitian dengan metode transek garis. Data stok karbon diperoleh menggunakan metode konversi karbon yang dikaitkan dengan nilai kerapatan, persentase tutupan lamun, makroalga, dan epifit, serta karakteristik lingkungan perairan. Empat jenis lamun ditemukan di lokasi penelitian yaitu Enhalus Acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, dan Cymodocea rotundata. Kerapatan tertinggi jenis H. ovalis (44,40±75,65 ind/m2). Tutupan makroalga tertinggi di ST-1 (4,48±4,81%) dan epifit tertinggi di ST-1 (20,45±15,21%). Lamun jenis E. acoroides ditemukan di semua stasiun dengan total biomassa 175,20±45,90 gbk/m2, hal ini disebabkan kesesuaian tipe substrat berpasir di Pulau Giligenting. Pendugaan stok karbon di Pulau Giligenting adalah 3,82±0,8546 tonC, dengan rentang 0,5683±0,1715 sampai 0,7884±0,5156 tonC/ha, dan status kualitas ekosistem lamun tergolong kategori sedang., The atmospheric CO2 absorption can be through land and coastal vegetation by photosynthesis mechanisms, which are then converted into biomass in body tissues. Seagrass organic carbon is stored as aboveground and belowground biomass that highly depends on environmental conditions, such as seagrass morphology, density, coverage, and substrate types. The study aims to measure the estimated value of carbon biomass reserves and analyze the seagrass ecosystems quality index in the Giligenting waters, Sumenep District-Madura. The study was conducted from March to July 2023 at three sites using the line transect method. Carbon storage was obtained using the conversion carbon method associated with seagrass density, the percentage of seagrass, macroalgae, and epiphytes cover, and the characteristics of the waters. Four seagrass species were at the study site, namely Enhalus Acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Halophila ovalis, and Cymodocea rotundata. The highest density value by H. ovalis (44,40±75,65 ind/m2). The highest macroalgae cover at ST-1 (4,48±4,81%) and epiphyte cover at ST-1 (20,45±15,21%). E. acoroides was found in all stations, with the total biomass value reaching 175,20±45,90 gdw/m2, due to the suitability of the sandy substrate type on Giligenting Island. The carbon storage estimation of seagrass beds on Giligenting was 3,82±0,8546 MgC, with an average number of 0,5683±0,1715 to 0,7884±0,5156 MgC/ha, and the status of the seagrass ecosystem quality is classified as a moderate category.
Keyword: Biomass, Carbon Storage, Density, Morphology, Substrates

Judul: The Dynamic of HIV Virus Infection as a Result of Protease Inhibitor Therapy.
Abstrak: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as symptoms of deterioration human immune system caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus damages the leucocytes; therefore, once a person infected by the HIV, his/her immune system will be paralyzed and eventually will not be able to survive from any disease. HIV is transmitted in many ways, such as having unsafe sex, using unsterilized syringe, blood transfusion, and many more. So far, there has not been discovered yet a way or a medicine that can totally cure this disease. However, reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy, protease inhibitor, or combination of those two can decline the growth of virus inside the body of the infected person. Therefore, the immune system will be enhanced back to normal phase. In this paper, will analyze the effect of protease inhibitor therapy on the dynamics of virus inside the blood with different value of effectiveness. There are two mathematical models of protease inhibitor therapy to consider, i.e. perfect and imperfect protease inhibitor. The perfect protease inhibitor therapy hinders the virus to grow well and not to infect healthy leucocytes. On the other hand, the imperfect one cannot completely detained the virus growth.
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