Judul: Karakteristik fisik dan kimia nata de whey yang dikombinasikan dengan sirup whey sinbiotik selama penyimpanan
Abstrak: Whey is the serum that separated from the curd in the manufacture of cheese. It contains valuable nutrients comprise soluble protein, lactose, vitamins and minerals. As a by product from the cheese making, whey can be develop for the manufacture of high-quality whey product. Nata de whey is the cellulose synthesize from sugar during the fermentation of whey by Acetobacter xylinum.
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Judul: Karakteristik mikrobiologis Nata De Whey sinbiotik selama penyimpanan
Abstrak: Nata merupakan produk pangan yang sudah dikenal dan digemari oleh masyarakat sebagai sumber serat selulosa yang dapat bermanfaat untuk pencernaan. Pembuatan sirup whey sinbiotik merupakan salah satu upaya lain dari pemanfaatan limbah whey keju untuk produk pangan. Pengolahan whey menjadi nata de whey dan sirup whey sinbiotik merupakan upaya pemanfaatan whey menjadi produk pangan fungsional. Penambahan bakteri yang bermanfaat atau probiotik berupa Lactobacillus acidophilus beserta substrat yang diperlukan untuk pertumbuhan bakteri yaitu prebiotik berupa inulin chicory ke dalam sirup diharapkan dapat merupakan suatu usaha untuk meningkatkan kesehatan yang mengkonsumsinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik mikrobiologis nata de whey yang dikombinasikan dengan sirup whey sinbiotik selama penyimpanan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Bagian Ilmu Produksi Trnak Perah Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari buIan November 2006 sampai buIan Februari 2007. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan meliputi analisis komposisi whey sebagai bahan baku dan pemeriksaan kemurnian starter. Penelitian utama meliputi pembuatan nata de whey dan sirup whey sinbiotik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola searah dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu lama penyimpanan (H-0, H-7, H-14, H-21 dan H-28). Peubah yang diamati berupa total plate count, total bakteri asam laktat, total Escherichia coli, total kapang dan khamir. Pengamatan karakteristik mikrobiologis produk selama penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa lama penyimpanan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap rataan total plate count, total bakteri asam laktat, total kapang dan khamir (P<0,01). Selama penyimpanan total plate count tertinggi ( 1, 7 x 109 cfu/ml), total bakteri asam laktat terendah (8,3 X 106 cfu/ml), total kapang tertinggi (3,5 x l c)2 cfu/ml) d.an total khamir tertinggi (1,3 x H>3 cfu/ml). Penyimpanan yang semakin lama menyebabkan penurunan total bakteri asam laktat, tetapi sebaliknya menyebabkan peningkatan total plate count, total kapang dan khamir. Pengamatan terhadap bakteri cemaran tidak mendapatkan adanya pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli sampai penyimpanan H-21. Berdasarkan jumlah bakteri Lactobacillus acidophilus produk dapat disebut sebagai produk probiotik hingga akhir penyimpanandengan populasi 6,92 log10 cfu/ml. Produk layak dikonsumsi berdasarkan kualitas mikrobiologisnya setelah disimpan selama 7 hari.
Keyword: whey, Data, sinbiotik, Nata Sirup fermentasi, Media kultur Acetobacter xylinum

Judul: Exchange Market Pressure and Central Bank Intervention for Three ASEAN Countries
Abstrak: Two of the exchange rate systems which are adopted by many countries are the floating and the fixed exchange rate system. Both the exchange rate systems have different characteristics. Countries that implement fixed exchange rates system tend to set their domestic currency exchange rate at a certain point. On the contrary, countries which implement floating exchange rate system tend to let their domestic currency exchange rate to move flexibly and thus their value will always change according to the demand and supply of the currency in the foreign exchange market. Countries which implement floating exchange rate system are facing the risk of fluctuation in the exchange rate of their domestic currency against foreign currencies. The currency exchange rate fluctuation may be caused by economic problems such as a financial crisis. A country can also be potentially affected by other countries’ earlier financial crisis. This effect could potentially happen if these countries are in the same region, such as ASEAN. The 1997 ASEAN economic crisis was an example of a country’s financial crisis could affect other countries. At that time, some countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand had to change their currency exchange rate system from the fixed exchange rate system to the floating exchange rate system due to the high costs which has to be incurred if they were to enforce the fixed exchange rate system. During 2002 until 2012, the domestic exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand against the U.S. dollar had tended to fluctuate. If the domestic currency exchange rate fluctuated excessively then the central bank would intervene to stabilize the exchange rate in the foreign exchange market. The pressure on domestic currency exchange rate pressures has forced the central bank to intervene. The amount of those pressures can be analyzed by calculating the Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index. Apart from that, the time when interventions are done by the central bank can be known based on EMP by calculating the Exchange Market Intervention (EMI) index. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of international pressure on the currency exchange market and monetary authorities intervene in three ASEAN countries, as well as to determine the effect of the monetary authorities intervene on the exchange rate of the domestic currency against the U.S. dollar in those three ASEAN countries. Based on the EMP index calculation results which are obtained during 2002 to 2012 period, the exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand’s domestic currency had always fluctuated and the results of the EMP index indicated that each country were under diverse level of currency exchange rate appreciation and depreciation pressures. Thailand was the country with the highest currency exchange rate pressure compared to Indonesia and Malaysia. The results on the intervention index calculation showed that Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand have intervention index between zero and one and more than one. We can also see from the intervention index that Indonesia and Thailand implement the controlled floating currency exchange rate instead of the freely floating one. Based on the calculation of the currency exchange rate by comparing
Keyword: exchange rate, exchange market pressure, intervention