Judul: Potensi Hijauan Pakan Pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.)  Berdasarkan Perbedaan Umur Pada Musim Penghujan
Abstrak: Perkebunan sawit memiliki potensi yang sangat besar untuk pengembangan peternakan ruminansia dengan sistem integrasi. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji potensi dan produktivitas hijauan pakan serta karakteristiknya di perkebunan kelapa sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) berdasarkan perbedaan umur sawit pada musim penghujan. Metode penelitian deskriptif purposive sampling dengan 3 ulangan dan observasi lapang terhadap hijauan yang tumbuh naungan sawit. Hasil produksi hijauan dan kapasitas tampung tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu lahan sawit umur 3 tahun, 15 tahun dan 9 tahun. Vegetasi yang ditemukan disemua umur lahan sawit didominasi oleh Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. Simpulan Perbedaan umur sawit pada musim penghujan berpengaruh terhadap keragaman dan produktivitas hijauan. Tingkat produktivitas dari tinggi ke rendah berturut-turut antara lain perkebunan sawit umur 3 tahun, 15 tahun dan 9 tahun dengan nilai kapasitas tampung masingmasing 1,44 ST ha-1, 1,41 ST ha-1 dan 0,59 ST ha-1. Terdapat 21 jenis vegetasi dibawah perkebunan sawit dengan keragaman jenis rendah nemun memiliki kemeratan yang tinggi., Oil palm plantations have enormous potential for the development of human rum farmswith integration systems. Research aims to examine the potential and productivity of forage feed and its characteristics in oil palm plantations (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) based on the difference in the age of palm oil in the rainy season. Metode descriptive research purposive sampling with 3 repeats and airy observations of forages that grow palm shade. Forage production and the highest to lowest capacity are oil palm land aged 3 years, 15 years and 9 years. Vegetation found in all ages of oil palm land is dominated by Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop. The difference in the age of palm oil in the rainy season affects the diversity and productivity of forage. Productivity levels from high to low respectively include oil palm plantations aged 3 years, 15 years and 9 years with a capacity value of 1.44 STha-1, 1.41 ST ha-1 and 0.59 STha-1 respectively. There are 21 types of vegetation under oil palm plantations with low species diversity and have a high ability.
Keyword: hijauan pakan ternak, musim penghujan, perkebunan sawit, forage of animal feed, oil palm plantations, rainy season

Judul: Karakteristik dan Potensi Hijauan Pakan pada Lahan Terintegrasi Tanaman Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dan sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria L.).
Abstrak: This study aims to measure the forage potential of feed and its characteristics under the auspices of palm oil and sengon This study uses descriptive purposive sampling research methods with 3 repeats and airy observations of forages that grow in shade and without tree shade. The parameters observed were light intensity, temperature, humidity, soil color, soil pH, forage production, capacity, forage identification, and vegetation analysis. The vegetation of the palm oil land is dominated by Axonopus fissifolius with an INP of 45,55, sengon Colocasia esculenta (L.) land of 130.83, and land without the shade of Tridax procumbens L. of 48.48. Conclusions from this study include (1) Shade levels affect the diversity and productivity of forage feed. (2) There are 15 species of vegetation on oil palm land, 3 species on sengon land, and 6 species on land without shade. (3) Land without shade has a higher value of capacity and forage production that it has the potential in the development of forage feed for livestock.
Keyword: analysis of vegetation, palm oil, sengon, capacity, integrated land

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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