Judul: Analysis of Production Efficiency of Sweet Potato Farming in Cihideung Ilir Village, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency.
Abstrak: Kecamatan Ciampea memiliki produksi yang lebih rendah dari ketiga kecamatan lainnya di Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2022. Desa Cihideung Ilir merupakan desa penghasil ubi jalar terbanyak di Kecamatan Ciampea yang produksinya semakin menurun. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis usahatani ubi jalar di Desa Cihideung Ilir, Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor dalam hal: (1) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi dan biaya produksi (2) tingkat efisiensi teknis, alokatif dan ekonomi dan (3) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi inefisiensi teknis dan ekonomi. Analisis fungsi produksi dan biaya produksi menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Cobb-Douglass metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Analisis efisiensi teknis, alokatif, dan ekonomi menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Analisis inefisiensi teknis dan ekonomi menggunakan model efek inefisiensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi ubi jalar adalah luas lahan dan pupuk urea. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya produksi adalah biaya sewa lahan, upah tenaga kerja dan produksi ubi jalar. Rata-rata efisiensi teknis, alokatif, dan ekonomi bernilai 0,91, 0,69 dan 0,63 artinya usahatani ubi jalar sudah efisien secara teknis namun belum efisien secara alokatif dan ekonomi. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan inefisiensi teknis adalah pendidikan formal dan status kepemilikan lahan, sedangkan terhadap inefisiensi ekonomi adalah pendidikan formal dan pola tanam., Ciampea sub-district has a lower production than the other three sub-districts in Bogor district in 2022. Cihideung Ilir Village is the largest sweet potato producing village in Ciampea Sub-district whose production is declining. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze sweet potato farming in Cihideung Ilir Village, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency in terms of: (1) factors affecting production and production costs (2) the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiency and (3) factors affecting technical and economic inefficiency. Analysis of production function and production cost using Stochastic Frontier Cobb-Douglass Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. Analyze technical, allocative, and economic efficiency using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Analysis of technical and economic inefficiency using the inefficiency effect model. The results show that the factors that have a positive and significant effect on sweet potato production are land area and urea fertilizer. Factors that have a significant effect on production costs are land rent, labor costs and sweet potato production. The average technical, allocative and economic efficiency is 0,91, 0,69 and 0,63, meaning that sweet potato farming is technically efficient but not allocatively and economically efficient. The factors that have a significant effect in reducing technical inefficiency are formal education and land ownership status, while economic inefficiency are formal education and cropping patterns.
Keyword: technical efficiency, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, stochastic frontier analysis, allocative efficiency, economic efficiency

Judul: Analysis of Technical Production and Income from Sweet Potato Farming in Bandorasa Wetan Village, Cilimus Sub-district, Kuningan Regency
Abstrak: Desa Bandorasa Wetan merupakan salah satu produsen ubi jalar terbesar di Kabupaten Kuningan yang juga menjadi sentra pengolahan ubi jalar. Persoalan yang dihadapi petani ubi jalar dalam mengelola usahatani adalah bagaimana mengalokasikan faktor-faktor produksi secara tepat agar dapat memaksimumkan produksi sehingga akan meningkatkan pendapatan. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis usahatani ubi jalar di Desa Bandorasa Wetan yang berkaitan dengan (1) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas (2) efisiensi produksi (3) pendapatan petani (4) hubungan efisiensi teknis dan pendapatan petani. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah regresi linear berganda dengan metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE), analisis efisiensi teknis dengan metode Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA), analisis pendapatan dengan menggunakan R/C ratio, serta analisis hubungan efisiensi teknis dan pendapatan dengan uji Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pupuk urea, pupuk phonska, dan pupuk TSP berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi ubi jalar. Nilai rata-rata efisiensi teknis adalah sebesar 0,91. Pendapatan usahatani ubi jalar lebih besar dari nol dan nilai R/C ratio lebih besar dari satu. Terdapat hubungan positif dan signifikan antara nilai efisiensi teknis dan pendapatan usahatani., Bandorasa Wetan Village is one of the largest sweet potato producers in Kuningan Regency and is also a sweet potato processing center. The problem faced by sweet potato farmers in managing their farming business is how to allocate production factors appropriately in order to maximize production so that it will increase income. Therefore, the aim of this research is to analyze sweet potato farming in Bandorasa Wetan Village in relation to (1) factors that influence productivity (2) production efficiency (3) farmer income (4) the relationship between technical efficiency and farmer income. The method used in this research is multiple linear regression using the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method, technical efficiency analysis using the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) method, income analysis using the R/C ratio, and analysis of the correlation between technical efficiency and income using Rank Spearman test. The research results showed that urea fertilizer, TSP fertilizer, and labor had a positive and significant effect on sweet potato production. The average value of technical efficiency is 0,91. Sweet potato farming income is greater than zero and the R/C ratio value is greater than one. There is a positive and significant relationship between technical efficiency values and farming income.
Keyword: correlation, production factors, productitivy, profit, stochastic frontier

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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