Judul: Macrozoobenthos Diversity on the Mangrove  Ecosystem in Coast of Kaliwlingi Village, Brebes, Central Java
Abstrak: Ekosistem mangrove merupakan habitat flora dan fauna di daerah pantai dan berfungsi menopang hidup biota perairan salah satunya bentos. Makrozoobentos merupakan organisme yang hidup di dasar perairan dan dipengaruhi oleh kualitas perairan. Desa Kaliwlingi, Brebes, Jawa tengah memiliki vegetasi mangrove yang luas yang mengalami alih fungsi hutan menjadi tambak yang massif sehingga menyebabkan rusaknya ekosistem dan perlunya penelitian terkait makrozoobentos di kawasan mangrove. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di ekosistem mangrove Desa Kaliwlingi, Brebes, Jawa Tengah yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode plot transek garis. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan melakukan survei dan pengamatan langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan mangrove tergolong jarang dengan kisaran 70 ind/1000 m2 dan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos tergolong rendah dengan kisaran 1,62. Jenis makrozoobentos yang ditemukan 7 jenis yaitu Cassidula vespertilionis, Cerithideopsilla cingulata, Cheilonereis sp., Polinices incei, Puperita sp., Sesarma sp., dan Telescopium telescopium. Jenis mangrove terdapat 3 jenis yaitu Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba dan Rhizophora mucronata. Substrat lokasi penelitian didominasi jenis pasir halus. Hasil analisis CA menunjukkan Makrozoobentos jenis Cerithideopsilla cingulata dan Telescopium telescopium berasosiasi dengan mangrove jenis Rhizophora mucronata dengan kerapatan terendah dan tertinggi serta Avicennia alba dengan kerapatan rendah; Cheilonereis sp., Cassidula vespertilionis, dan Sesarma sp.; Polinices incei berasosiasi dengan Avicennia alba kerapatan terendah; sedangkan Puperita sp. tidak berasosiasi dengan jenis mangrove yang ada di lokasi penelitian., The mangrove ecosystem is a habitat for flora and fauna in coastal areas and functions to support the life of aquatic biota, one of which is the benthic. Macrozoobenthos are organisms that live at the bottom of the waters and are affected by water quality. Kaliwlingi Village, Brebes, Central Java has extensive mangrove vegetation which has experienced a conversion of forest functions into massive ponds causing damage to the ecosystem and its is necessary to carry out research related to macrozoobenthos in the mangrove area. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the capture of macrozoobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem of Kaliwlingi Village, Brebes, Central Java and was conducted in November 2022. The method used is the line transect plot method. Data collected by conducting surveys and direct observation. The results showed that the density of mangroves was relatively rare with a range of 70 ind/1000 m2 and macrozoobenthic habitats were classified as low with a range of 1.62. There were 7 types of macrozoobenthos found, such as Cassidula vespertilionis, Cerithideopsilla cingulata, Cheilonereis sp., Polinices incei, Puperita sp., Sesarma sp., and Telescopium telescopium. There are 3 types of mangroves namely Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba and Rhizophora mucronata. The substrate of the research location is dominated by fine sand. CA analysis results showed that the macrozoobenthos types Cerithideopsilla cingulata and Telescopium telescopium were associated with mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata with the lowest and highest densities and Avicennia alba with low densities; Cheilonereis sp., Cassidula vespertilionis, and Sesarma sp.; Polinices incei associated with Avicennia alba lowest density; while Puperita sp. not associated with mangrove species in the study area.
Keyword: Association, Density, Macrozoobentos, Mangrove

Judul: Relationship between Mangrove Ecosystem Conditions and  Fish Resource Diversity in the Mangrove Sari Tourism Area, Kaliwlingi, Brebes,  Central Java
Abstrak: Ekosistem mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki fungsi ekologi dan ekonomi penting. Salah satu fungsi ekologi adalah sebagai habitat bagi berbagai jenis ikan. Hubungan ekosistem mangrove dengan keanekaragaman ikan di Kawasan Wisata Mangrove Sari Brebes hingga saat ini masih belum banyak diteliti lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterkaitan antara struktur komunitas mangrove dan ikan di Kawasan Wisata Mangrove Sari Brebes. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan (November 2023 hingga Februari 2024) di Kawasan Wisata Mangrove Sari Brebes pada tiga stasiun pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan mangrove tertinggi di Stasiun 1. Ekosistem mangrove di Pandansari termasuk dalam kategori rapat dengan didominasi oleh mangrove jenis Rhizophora mucronata dan R. apiculata. Total hasil tangkapan ikan dari tiga stasiun sebanyak 4940 individu dengan keanekaragaman ikan dalam kategori sedang dan ikan tersebar secara merata serta tidak terdapat jenis ikan yang mendominasi. Kerapatan mangrove dengan keanekaragaman ikan di Kawasan Wisata Mangrove Sari memiliki hubungan yang positif., Mangrove ecosystem is a coastal ecosystem that has important ecological and economic functions. One of the ecological functions as a habitat for various types of fish. Relationship between the mangrove ecosystem and fish diversity in the Mangrove Sari Brebes Tourism Area has not yet been studied further. This research aims to analyze the relationship between the structure of mangrove communities and fish in the Mangrove Sari Brebes Tourism Area. Research was carried out for 4 months (November 2023 to February 2024) in the Mangrove Sari Brebes Tourism Area at three observation stations. The research results show that the highest mangrove density is at Station 1. Mangrove ecosystem in Pandansari is included in the dense category, dominated by mangrove types Rhizophora mucronata and R. apiculata. Total fish catch from three stations is 4940 individuals with fish diversity in the medium category and fish are evenly distributed and there are no dominating fish species. Mangrove density with fish diversity in Mangrove Sari Tourism Area have a positive relationship.
Keyword: Brebes, ikan, Tourism, Brebes, Fish, Mangroves

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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