Judul: Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Kulit Mimba (Azadirachtaindica A.Juss) sebagai Larvisida terhadap Nyamuk Aedes aegypti
Abstrak: Synthetic pesticide causes many negative side-effects. For insects, it causes physiological resistances and can kill non-target insects. Resistant insects will need more insecticide dose than before. To avoid the negative effect, World Health Organization (WHO) recomends to use natural insecticide. Resistant mechanism is combination of many factors which are biochemistry, physiology, andbehaviour. The more specific insecticide is used, the easier it causes the resistant effect.Neem is one of plants that has been extensively used to study its insecticidal and medicinal activity. It has opportunity to become strong natural insectides to many insects. Aims of this research were to analysis of extractivecontens of neem bark, toxicity test of bioactive against Aedesegyptilarvae, and isolate and identify bioactive compounds of neems bark in against Ae.aegypti larvae. Neem bark powder was extracted using methanol as a solvent. Obtained extract of this process was separated by different polar solvent. Separation process obtains three fractions that are ethyl acetatesoluble fraction, buthanolsolublefraction, and unsoluble fraction. Each fraction was evaporated to get condensed extract. Effectiveness of each fraction to Ae.aegypti larvae were tested with several concentrations that are 50, 100, 250, 500, and 1000 ppm. This experiment showed that ethyl acetatesolublefraction was the most effective fraction. Phytochemical analysis also confirmed that it contained many compound such as; alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, and triterpenoid. Then, ethyl acetatesolublefraction was separated using chromatography column and yield 9 fractions. Second fraction (Ef-2) was the best larvicidal efficacy, and it also had higher efficacy than ethyl acetate fraction before it was isolated. Furthermore, magnetic resonance analysis (1H and 13C NMR) of Ef-2 was performed, and the molecul structure of bioactive compound was identifiedas Glycerol 1,2-di-(9Z-octadecenoate) 3-tetradecanoate.
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Judul: Aktivitas Larvasida Ekstrak Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) Terhadap Larva Nyamuk Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)
Abstrak: Dengue is a very dangerous disease and contagious because it causes deadth at short time on the patient. This desease was caused by dengue virus which was infected by Aedes aegypti. Plants have potency to develop as larvacide because itself containts chemical compound which have bioactive. Bintaro (Cerbera manghas) have been known as poisonous tree. The aim of this research is to know the activity of bintaro extract to larvae Ae. aegypti. First, we extracted a leaf, steam bark, kernel and rind of bintaro. Then the best extract was fracinated, after that it was done chromatography colom step. Futhermore, we did bioassay to larvae Ae. aegypti for every step. The result showed that kernel of bintaro have highest activity to mortality of larvae Ae. aegypti than steam bark, rind, and leaf; with LC50 517,3 ppm dan LC90 964,8 ppm. Ethyl acetate fraction have great activity to mortality of Ae. aegypti than n-hexane dan nonsoluble fraction with LC50 34,6 ppm dan LC90 95,1 ppm. We had 10 sub fractions in this research and the sub fraction 1, 7 and 10 had most toxic compound to Ae. aegypti than the others. The kernel extract contains saponim, alkaloid, flavonoid, triterfenoid glikosida and steroid.
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Judul: Persamaan Geodesik Black Hole dengan Metrik Kerr 4+1 Dimensi dalam Koordinat Waktu Kosmik
Abstrak: Persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi dalam koordinat waktu kosmik merupakan interpretasi lain dari persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi, dimana acuan waktu yang digunakan diubah dari koordinat waktu wajar (proper time) ke dalam koordinat waktu kosmik (cosmic time). Waktu kosmik merupakan koordinat waktu yang dimana pengamat bergerak mengikuti ekspansi dari alam semesta. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi yang telah ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya menjadi persamaan geodesik yang memiliki fungsi terhadap dimensi waktu (t). Hasil akhir dari transformasi persamaan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan studi pustaka untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai persamaan geodesik black hole dalam koordinat waktu kosmik.
Keyword: Dimensi ekstra, Metrik Kerr, Persamaan geodesik, Waktu kosmik