Judul: Farmakologi Balik dan Jejaring untuk Pencarian Senyawa Aktif dari Jamu Antidiabetes
Abstrak: One of the attempts to treat diabetes is by using herbal medicines. The explanation of molecular mechanism from medicinal plant (herb) compounds such as their interaction with target proteins still to be developed. The aims of the research are to find potential active compounds from antidiabetic medicinal plants, to find their molecular mechanism of inhibition, and to check potentiality of herbal formula plants as antidiabetic through study of reversed and network pharmacology. Antidiabetic potential compounds and molecular mechanism were discovered by analyzing networks formed between compounds of clinical trial plants, lead compounds such as antidiabetic standards, and compounds of herbal formula plants. There are 10 potential compounds obtained from networks and further evaluated for their drug-likeness using the rule of five. The evaluation revealed 8 compounds that meet the rule and further confirmed their activity on the target through molecular docking. The result of docking showed that 3,4- dihydroxybenzoic acid, berberine, and (-)-secoisolariciresinol gave better affinity than that of the target protein‟s inhibitor standard, thus these compounds are potential to play a role in the treatment of diabetes.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), reversed pharmacology, network pharmacology, herbs, antidiabetic,

Judul: Farmakologi Balik dan Jejaring untuk Pencarian Senyawa Aktif dari Jamu Antihiperkolesterolemia
Abstrak: Efforts using variety of medicinal plants as antihypercholesterolemic have been widely carried out. However, the active compounds are responsible in the inhibition mechanism is not known yet. The aim of this study is to find the antihypercholesterolemic active compounds that play a role in inhibiting cholesterol accumulation from herbs of bidara upas, kemuning, kumis kucing, and jati belanda through using reversed pharmacology and network pharmachology. The active compound was searched based on an analysis of network between the active compounds in herbs formula toward the active compounds in lead plants, pharmacological effects, lead compounds and its similarity. The results of network evaluation and drug likeness test showed that the compounds with antihypercholesterol potential were geraniol, caffeic acid, and kaempferol. The antihypercholesterol activities were verified by molecular docking of these three compounds and can be proved to have antihypercholesterol activities which are better than the standard inhibitor.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), molecular docking, drug likeness, tihypercholesterolemic

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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