Judul: Iradiasi Sinar Gamma pada Khamir Saccharomyces cerevisiae dan Pachysolen tannophilus untuk Fermentasi Hidrolisat Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii)
Abstrak: Saccharomyces cerevisiae IPBCC Y03545 and Pachysolen tannophilus IPBCC Y111149 can use galactose for carbon source and convert it to bioethanol. Those yeast can also convert one of the galactose raw material namely seaweed hydrolysate, however the ethanol production was low. Therefore, need efforts to improve the fermentation’s ability to get an optimal result. This research aimed to get strain of S. cerevisiae and P. tannophilus that have better fermentation ability than wild type as control (S. cerevisiae IPBCC Y03545 and P. tannophilus IPBCC Y111149) on converting seaweed K. alvarezii hydrolysate. The improvement of fermentation’s ability was done by gamma iradiation on 10 Gy dose and followed by 9 times adaptation on YMP Galactose Broth (0.1%). The result of gamma irradiation (10 Gy) in P. tannophilus and S. cerevisiae were showed by five isolates from each that can growth very well on galactose medium, there are R1, R2, R3, R4, and R5. Substrate efficiency (24.96%) and fermentation efficiency (1.47%) of P. tannophilus was higher than control (non irradiation and non adaptive) (24.31% and 0.50%) and S. cerevisiae (32.30% dan 0.17%).
Keyword: bioethanol, gamma radiation, Kappaphycus alvarezii hydrolysate, P. tannophilus, S. cerevisiae

Judul: Potensi Khamir dalam Fermentasi Hidrolisat Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) Menjadi Bioetanol
Abstrak: Seaweed (K. alvarezii) contains galactose that can be used as raw material for bioetanol production. Some yeasts were able to use galactose for carbon source and energy source as well as converts it into bioethanol. This study was aimed to screening Pachysolen tannophilus IPBCC y 11.1149, Pichia anomala IPBCC y 11.1182, and IPBCC y 11.1192, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae IPBCC y 03.545 in their ability to produce bioetanol from seaweed hydrolysate. Prior to screening, these yeasts were determined their ability to ferment glucose and galactose to bioetanol. All strain were able to convert glucose to bioetanol, but only two strains can use galactose. These were P. tannophilus and S. cerevisiae. These isolates were tested for their ability to produce bioetanol from seaweed hydrolysate. P. tannophilus was the potential one. P. tannophilus produce more ethanol volume (0.50%-1.18%) comparing to S. cerevisiae (0.05%-0.11%). The ethanol concentration from both strain were different, P. tannophilus showed ethanol concentration higher (0.50%-1.18%) than S. cerevisiae (0.05%-0.19%). P. tannophilus had the substrate efficiency 16.45%-24.38% and fermentation efficiency 12.16%-23.13% it was higher than S. cerevisiae which has 20.76%-22.6% and 1.18%-2.19% respectively
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Judul: Perdagangan reptilia sebagai binatang peliharaan di DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: DKI Jakarta in the world of wildlife trade is often referred as yellow dots, a city vulnerable to illegal trade. Wildlife trade in DKI Jakarta consists not only on ornamental fish, mammals and birds, but even reptiles. This study aims to describe trade locations, identify species of trade and analyze preferences of pet reptiles. The study was conducted in five traditional markets and 35 pet shops in DKI Jakarta, using interviews and investigative methods. I also carried out survey on cyber-market trade and interviews to pet reptile owners. The study was carried out from August 20th to November 20th, 2010. A total of 52 species (26 species of turtles, 23 snakes and three lizards) were traded on traditional markets, and 46 species (21 species of turtles, 19 species of snakes and six species of lizards) at the pet store. In traditional markets the common species sold are local species, but not on pet stores where most are imported species. In total, survey found five species of protected reptiles according to PP No. 7 of 1999, four species of Appendix I CITES’s reptiles and six species listed as critically endangered by IUCN Red List. Three forums in internet carried out cyber markets of pet reptiles. The most favorite pet reptiles were snakes, especially the ball python (Python regius).
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