Judul: Test Parameters in The Approach to The Diagnosis of Cholangiohepatitis in Dogs at Drh. Setyo Widodo, dkk. Animal Clinic
Abstrak: Cholangiohepatitis merupakan suatu inflamasi yang terjadi disekitar kantung empedu dan meluas ke area parenkim hati. Tujuan dari studi ini adalah mengidentifikasi parameter uji pada anjing yang menderita cholangiohepatitis berdasarkan gejala klinis, hasil hematologi, dan hasil pemeriksaan fungsi hati. Studi dilakukan menggunakan data sekunder lima ekor anjing dari klinik Praktik Drh Setyo Widodo, dkk., di Bogor. Data diambil berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan fisik, uji hematologi, dan fungsi hati yang diinterpretasikan mengarah ke cholangiohepatitis. Hasil pemeriksaan fisik melalui anamnesa dan temuan klinis tidak menunjukan hasil signifikan untuk cholangiohepatitis. Sedangkan hasil uji hematologi terhadap cholangiohepatitis menunjukan anjing Pasien 3 dan Pasien 5 mengalami anemia, anjing Pasien 2 dan Pasien 4 mengalami trombositopenia anjing Pasien 2, Pasien 3, dan Pasien 5 mengalami peningkatan LED, dan kelima anjing mengalami leukositosis. Berdasarkan uji fungsi hati terjadi peningkatan pada aktivitas enzim hati, GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase) dan ALP (alkaline phosphatase) di Pasien 1 dan Pasien 2, peningkatan GGT di Pasien 3, dan peningkatan GOT (glutamic oxeloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), GGT dan ALP di Pasien 4 dan Pasien 5. Pendekatan diagnosis cholangiohepatitis dapat diketahui berdasarkan peningkatan kadar enzim GGT yang secara variatif didukung peningkatan kadar enzim hati lainnya (ALP, GPT, GOT), serta kondisi hematologi berupa leukositosis., Cholangiohepatitis is an inflamation that occurs around the gallbladder and extend toward the liver parenchyma area. This study aims to identify the parameter test for cholangiohepatitis cases in dogs based on clinical symptoms, hematology test, and liver function test. This study used secondary data from five dogs provided by Praktik Drh. Setyo Widodo, dkk., clinic in Bogor. Data were taken based on physical examination, hematology test, and liver function test. The result wasn’t significant for cholangiohepatitis based on physical examination through anamnesis and clinical findings. While based on hematology test for cholangiohepatitis shows, Patient 3 and Patient 5 had anemia, Patient 2 and Patient 4 had thrombocytopenia, Patien 2, Patient 3, and Patient 5 had increase of ESR, and all five dogs have leukocytosis. Liver function test shows an increase of liver enzymes activity, GGT (gamma glutamyl transferase) and ALP (alkaline phosphatase) in Patient 1 and Patient 2, GGT in Patient 3, and GOT (glutamic oxeloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase), GGT, and ALP in Patient 4 and Patient 5. The approach to the diagnosis of cholangiohepatitis can be identify based on the increased levels of GGT enzyme and variously supported by increased of other liver enzymes (ALP, GPT, GOT), as well as hematological condition such as leukocytosis.
Keyword: cholangiohepatitis, enzim hati, uji hematologi, uji fungsi hati

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele with Ehrlichiosis in Beagle Dog
Abstrak: Komplikasi gallbladder mucocele dan ehrlichiosis akibat infeksi bakteri Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) dapat menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan hingga kematian pada anjing. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik gallbladder mucocele serta ehrlichiosis pada anjing melalui interpretasi ultrasonografi abdomen, hematologi, dan kimia darah serta studi terkait terapi yang diberikan. Seekor anjing beagle betina berumur ±15 tahun milik Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan, Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis, IPB University memiliki keluhan muntah frekuen, penurunan nafsu makan, dan lesu. Pemeriksaan fisik pada hewan menunjukkan bobot badan 6.8 kg, BCS 2/9, suhu tubuh 38 °C, dan dehidrasi dengan turgor kulit >3 detik. Sonogram abdomen menunjukkan adanya pembesaran gallbladder disertai adanya endapan sekitar 90 % dengan ekhogenitas hiperekoik. Pemeriksaan darah menunjukkan peningkatan nilai ALT 132 U/L, total protein 8.3 g/dL, anemia (eritrosit 2.68 x 106 µL), trombositopenia (trombosit 20 x 103 µL), leukopenia (leukosit 4.8 x 103 µL), limfopenia (limfosit 0.6 x 103 µL), dan kadar blood urea nitrogen yang tinggi (187 mg/dL). Evaluasi rapid test kit menunjukkan anjing positif terinfeksi E. Canis. Kombinasi terapi asam ursodeoxycholic, hepatoprotektan, antibiotik, suplemen darah, dan vitamin diberikan selama 2 bulan. Evaluasi sonogram dan darah dilakukan setiap 4 minggu. Kondisi anjing sempat menunjukkan adanya perbaikan, namun akhirnya pasien tidak bertahan dan mati, Complications of gallbladder mucocele and ehrlichiosis due to bacterial infection Ehrlichia canis (E. canis) can cause health problems and even death in dogs. This study aims to determine the characteristics of gallbladder mucocele and ehrlichiosis in dogs through the interpretation of abdominal ultrasonography, hematological, blood chemistry and studies related to the therapy given. A female beagle dog aged ± 15 years belonging to the Teaching Animal Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, IPB University has complaints of frequent vomiting, decreased appetite, and lethargy. Physical examination of the animals showed body weight of 6.8 kg, BCS 2/9, body temperature 38 °C, and dehydration with skin turgor >3 seconds. Abdominal sonogram showed an enlarged gallbladder with approximately 90% deposition with hyperechoic echogenicity. Blood examination showed an increase in ALT value of 132 U/L, total protein 8.3 g/dL, anemia (erythrocytes 2.68 x 106 µL), thrombocytopenia (platelets 20 x 103 µL), leukopenia (leukocytes 4.8 x 103 µL), lymphopenia (lymphocytes 0.6 x 103 µL), and high blood urea nitrogen levels (187 mg/dL). Evaluation of the rapid test kit showed the dog was positive for E. canis infection. Combination therapy with ursodeoxycholic acid, hepatoprotectants, antibiotics, blood supplements, and vitamins was given for 2 months. Sonogram and blood evaluation were performed every 4 weeks. The dog's condition had shown improvement, but in the end the patient did not survive and died.
Keyword: anjing, ehrlichia canis, ehrlichiosis, gallbladder mucocele, ultrasonografi

Judul: Dinamika Sistem Ekonomi dengan Model Overlapping-Generation
Abstrak: This manuscript describes a modern macroeconomic model in discrete time so-called Overlapping-Generation Model. In general, modeling framework of Overlapping-Generation is assumed that each person lives for only two periods, i.e. he/she works in the first period and retires in the second. By maximizing lifetime utility, which depends on consumption in the two periods of life, there will exist a steady state condition. Steady state happens when capital per capita at the first and the second periods are equal. In the end, economics converges to a steady state. Some numerical simulations show the effects of some parameters to the steady state condition.
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