Judul: Jenis Pakan dan Pola Pemanfaatan Tajuk berdasarkan Aktivitas Makan Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1798) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) is one of Javan endemic primates. Gunung Halimun Salak National Park is one of its suitable habitat that supports significant number of population of the gibbon in Java. One of the habitat usage by Javan Gibbon is for foraging at tree canopies. Canopy is part of cover area for Javan gibbon which can be used to do some activity such as feeding and hiding from intruders. This study aimed to reveal food plants and and canopy usage pattern of Javan gibbon based on feeding activity. This study was conducted from June to August 2011 at Cikaniki Research Station, Citalahab village and the surrounding habitats. The equipments used in this study included binocular, range finder, camera, stop watch, ribbon, compass, tally sheet, rope, work map, and stationary. This study was focussed on two groups of Javan gibbon consisting 4 and 3 individuals respectively. The data collected were plant species and their coordinates of the trees that used by the Javan gibbon for their feeding activities, duration of feeding activities at the trees, and different spaces used of the animal at the trees’ canopy. The data collected using focal animal sampling with continous recording and scan sampling methods. The observations were carried out from 06.00 am to 05.00 pm or when Javan gibbon started doing their activities until they went to the sleeping trees. Javan gibbon consumed 47 kind of feeds covering 46 species of plants and one species of insect. Parts of the plants eaten by the Javan gibbon were fruits, leaves, and flowers representing 77,8% , 21,02% , 1,18% respectively. The Javan gibbon was also observed eating insects which was 0,002% of the total consumption. The usage of the tree canopy based on feeding activity can be catagorized into two types, trees as food sources and trees as place to eat. For feeding activity at trees used as food source, the Javan gibbon preferred the edges of canopies, that was CII canopy part. The canopy space selection at the edge of the canopy, aften found at ki dage tree (Bruinsmia styracoides) that used for hanging. Whereas trees that used as a place to eat, Javan gibbon were mainly found at the lower middle of canopy (AIII) which were mostly observed at rasamala trees (Altingia excelsa) which were also used for hanging. Javan gibbon used four models of tree architecture including attims, massart, rauh, and scarrone. Of the four models, attims was the most used by Javan gibbon when doing their feeding activities.
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Judul: Studi Lokomotor dan Postur Per Aktivitas Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1798) di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak.
Abstrak: Gunung Halimun Salak National Park is the largest mountainous tropical rainforest remaining in Java island and it is an important habitat for the preservation of javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert 1798), an endemic primate in Java island. A study of posture and locomotion of javan gibbon is needed considering within their daily activities, javan gibbon using different spatial habitat structure and therefor the information is important as reference to make a better decision in conserving habitat and population of javan gibbon based on aspect of behavioral and ecology. This study was conducted in an area of Cikaniki – Citalahab, Gunung Botol resort for one month (June – July 2012). Equipments used in the study were range finder, binoculars, phi bands, compass, camera, stationery and stopwatch as a tools. Data were collected from two groups of well-habituated javan gibbon, named group A and B, by using scan and focal animal sampling in order to get collected behavioral data. Profile diagram of the habitat was also developed. To determine home range, convex polygon and fixed kernel 95% were applied. The mean active period of javan gibbon was 9 hours at 07.35 am – 4.50 pm and dominated by resting activity for 48.18%. The dominant locomotor type during their active period was brachiation with frequency and duration of 46,07 – 79,33% and 11,52 – 15,26 hours. Meanwhile the percentage of sitting posture type with frequency and duration was 72,78% - 84,12% and 11,12 – 19,04 hours. There was 24 species of trees used as locomotion mediums and 16 trees for postures. The most dominant species was puspa (Schima wallichii) with most dominant family was from family Fagaceae. The percentage of crown covers for the two groups was 62.2%. Alleged average daily range during the observation time of 641.96 m group A while group B of 1278.18 m. Calculations with FK 95% giving an average cruising area of 50.27 ha, while the 100% MCP method gives an average cruising area of 24.38 ha. Analysis of the Digital Elevation Model (DEM), wide ranges of the study group had a mean - average of 25.65 ha for the analysis of the MCP and 53.25 ha for FK analysis results with 95%. Result of posture and locomotor study could be used as consideration to design of ex situ conservation area of javan gibbon beyond, that includes also habitat enrichment. Map of the daily movements and home ranges of Javan gibbon can be used as supporting data for the object ecotourism attractions of special interest, education and research. Also, it can be a reference park managers in monitoring the presence of a controlling Javan gibbon habitat
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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