Judul: Penilaian tingkat pelapukan kesuburan alami dan klaifikasi tanah pada suatu transek lereng di afdeling ciawitali ptp XI cibungur, kecamatan warungkiara, kabupaten sukabumi
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari proses-proses pelapukan, kesuburan alami dan klasifikasi tanah menurut sistem Taksonomi Tanah dalam kaitannya dengan faktor lereng sebagai salah satu faktor pembentuk tanah. Untuk itu diambil contoh-contoh tanah dari keempat pedon yang terletak pada suatu transek lereng. Pedon P-I terletak di lereng atas, pedon P-II terletak di lereng tengah, pedon P-III terletak di lereng bawah dan pedon P-IV di kaki lereng. Contoh tanah diambil dari tiap-tiap horison dari keempat pedon tersebut. Tingkat pelapukan di- nilai dari segi mineralogi (kandungan mineral mudah han- cur, jumlah mineral hasil hancuran, nisbah mineral mudah hancur terhadap mineral hasil hancuran, jumlah mineral paling mudah hancur dari fraksi berat dan jumlah mineral opak dari fraksi berat), dari segi fisik (nisbah debu total terhadap liat total dan nisbah liat halus terhadap liat total) dan dari segi kimia (pH H₂O, kejenuhan basa, kejenuhan alumunium). Kesuburan alami tanah dinilai dari jumlah mineral mudah hancur dari fraksi pasir. Tanah diklasifikasikan berdasarkan data yang tersedia menurut sistem Taksonomi Tanah sampai kategori sub group. Tingkat pelapukan tanah secara umum tergolong sudah lanjut, dengan urutan sebagai berikut: P-III > P-II > P-IV > P-I. Kesuburan alami tanah tergolong rendah sam- pai sangat rendah. Urutan kesuburan alami tanah adalah: P-IV> P-IP-III P-II. Letak pedon pada transek lereng tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat pelapukan dan kesuburan alami tanah. Pedon P-I dan P-IV tergolong ke dalam sub group Tropohumult Tipik, sedangkan pedon P-II dan P-III Dystropept Fluventik. Nama tanah pun tidak berhubungan dengan kea- daan lereng. Proses pelapukan dari segi fisik dan kimia sejalan dengan proses perkembangan tanah yang tergambar pada nama tanah, yaitu Inceptisol untuk pedon P-II dan P-III dan Ultisol untuk pedon P-I dan P-IV…
Keyword: 

Judul: Tinjauan terhadap Proses-proses Pedogenesis, Pelapukan, dan Perkembangan Tanah Serta Pengklasifikasiannya Pada Suatu Transek Lereng di Perkebunan Teh Ciater, Subang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Pemahaman terhadap proses-proses Pedogenesis, Pelapukan, dan Perkembangan Tanah yang baik tidak terlepas ari pengetahuan mengenai tanah tersebut. Tingkat pelapukan dan perkembangan tanah bisa tidak sejalan, karena dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pelapukan yang berbeda pada tiap lapisan, dan adana proses geogenik yaitu proses erosi permukaan dan deposisi pada lereng.
Keyword: 

Judul: Vaksin koktail sel utuh untuk pencegahan penyakit Mycobacteriosis dan Motile Aeromonas Septicemia pada ikan gurame (Osphronemus gouramy).
Abstrak: Infections of Mycobacterium sp. and Aeromonas sp. both are considered severe fish pathogens on account of their ability to cause damaging disease outbreaks in gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy). The efficacy of cocktail vaccine was influenced by the concentrations of antigens, cross-reactions and competition among the different antigens. The aims of this reseach was to analyze the synergy and competence both antigens to inducing immunity and assess the effectiveness and efficacy of cocktail vaccine A. hydrophila and M. fortuitum to producing immune responses and improve survival rate in gouramy from Mycobacteriosis and Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) infection. The Lethal dose of co-infection used LD50 of A. hydrophila 108 cfu and M. fortuitum 107 cfu. Co-infection test of gouramy showed clinical sign was anorexia, nodules on the surface of the body and swelling in the abdominal cavity. The mortality of co-infection 25Mf: 75Ah was reached until 50% (LD50) within 28 days. The mortality patterns of Mycobacteriosis was chronic and MAS was acute infection. Hematocrit and hemoglobine values of co-infection was decreased because gouramy become sick that was caused invasion both of bacteria into the body. Pathology anatomy of co-infection showed bleeding in the kidneys and spleen, multifocal granulomas in liver and spleen, and ascites in the abdominal cavity. Histopathology showed congestion, multifocal granuloma in the liver and spleen, melano macrofag center (MMC) in the spleen and kidneys, inflammation and necrosis were also found in the kidney. The protein profile analysis of whole cell vaccine preparation M. fortuitum, A. hydrophila and cocktail vaccine showed fourteen, fifteen and five to ten bands. The efficacy of monovalent and cocktail vaccine showed phagocytic index, percentage of phagocytosis, total lymphocytes, respiratory burst activity, complement and antibody titers were significantly different (P <0.05), compared to controls. The evaluation of parameters from efficacy monovalent and cocktail vaccine M. fortuitum and A. hydrophila before and after challenge test were able to increased specific and non-specific immune response in gouramy. The value of relative percent survival from monovalent vaccine A. hydrophila was 92.32% and monovalent vaccine M. fortuitum was 78.57% when challenged by single infection but showed very low RPS when challenged by co-infection compared to cocktail vaccine. Monovalent vaccine M. fortuitum and A. hydrophila were only provide protection against homolog bacteria and no cross protection against other bacteria. Cocktail vaccine was not enough provides protection from mycobacteriosis and MAS when infected at the same time. Therefore, it need use the adjuvant to optimalize cocktail vaccine to inducting immune respon in gouramy.
Keyword: Gouramy (Ospronemus gouramy), Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS), Mycobacteriosis, cocktail vaccine