Judul: Analisis dinamik pertumbuhan mikroba dengan dua substrat
Abstrak: Mikroba sebagai unsur utama produksi antibiotik membutuhkan makanan berupa substrat untuk pertumbuhan dan perkembangannya. Agar proses konsumsi (penyederhanaan) substrat dapat berlangsung diperlukan suatu katalisator berupa enzim inducible (e) yaitu enzim yang keberadaannya ditentukan oleh keberadaan substrat yang digunakan. Umumnya mikroba hanya mengkonsumsi satu jenis substrat tertentu. Namun karena kurang ekonomis dan memerlukan banyak waktu di laboratorium, maka dilakukan peningkatan jumlah substrat menjadi dua (5) dan 52) dengan jenis yang berlainan. Pola pertumbuhan mikroba dengan mengkonsumsi dua subsuar berbeda dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi: CL Pola pertumbuhan sequensial (bergantian); ii. Pola pertumbulian simultan (bersama-sama) Penggunaan dua substrát ini menjadi dasir pembentukkan model matematika. Model yang didapat kemudian dianalisis kedinamikannya. Pola pertumbuhan mikroba dengan konst nsi dua substrat dapat ditentukan dengan analisis dinamik model reduksi (enzim inducible) dan model reduksi yang telah disederhanakan (tanpa katabolit repressi). Analisis model reduksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode mull chines dan analisis model reduksi tanpa katabolit repressi dilakukan dengan analisis kestabilan di sekitar tititk tetap model Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa penjadaan parameter katabolit repressi (K) mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan pola pertumbuhan mikroba dari sequensial menjadi simultan. Pola pertumbuhan sequensial menggambarkan terjadinya kompetisi antara kedua substrat agar dapat digunakan mikroba terlebih dahulu (diausik). Pola pertumbuhan simultan menggambarkan tidak terjadinya kompetisi diantara kedua substrat, sehingga kedua substrat digunakan secara bersama-sama
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Judul: Kajian Mikrobiologi Produk Pemacu Tumbuh Tanaman dan Ternak: nalisa Mutu Berdasarkan Jenis dan Jumlah Sel Hidup Mikrob
Abstrak: Mikroh telah lama digunakan manusia sebagai salah satu komponeo produk biologi dalam rangka pemcnuhan kcbutuhan bidupnya sebari-bari. Penggunaan ~/dalam produk terscbut bcrdasarkan pada rnanfaat yang dimilikinya. contobnya untuk uv:niogbtkan pertumbuhan tan_man dan tcmak. Dalam pemanfaatannya.. produk terscbut harus mempunyai standar mutu yang baik. Penclitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa mutu 4 sampel produk pemacu pertumbuhan bagi temak dan tanaman bcrda.sarkan jumlah mikroh potensial yang tc*andllllg di dalanmya. Produk-produk tersebut adalah cairan stimulan temak, insektisida organik, ciekomposcr organik.. kompos aktif dan diduga mengandung mikrob target anlara lain: kelompok Actinomycetes. kclompok rhizobia, Lactobacillus sp. dan klwnir.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite