Judul: Korupsi, Kesejahteraan Sosial, dan Investasi : Studi Empiris di Delapan Negara Kawasan ASEAN Tahun 2000-2009
Abstrak: ASEAN has become the second largest regional power after the European Union. ASEAN's collective economic growth reached 7.5 percent, the flow of investment and human development which increased from year to year is the economic development and achievements of ASEAN during the crisis sweeping the world. But behind it all, there are internal problems that overshadow public sector ASEAN region, one of which is corruption. Corruption is the abuse of public office for private gain and causing high cost economy. This study analyzed the determinant of corruption and its impact on social welfare and investment in eight countries of ASEAN by using Panel Data Static. Factors that influence significantly positive effect on freedom from corruption is economic freedom, the quality of governance, GDP per capita and the dummy British colony. Political freedom (democracy) negative effect on corruption. Components of economic freedom and macroeconomic indicators that influence freedom from corruption was significantly and positively in business freedom, monetary freedom, private property rights, government spending and GDP per capita. Fiscal freedom has negative impact. Components of the quality of governance and political freedom (democracy) that positively affect the level of corruption is voice and accountability, political stability, regulatory quality, rule of law, corruption control, political freedoms, civil rights and freedoms. This study also empirically proves that corruption is significantly negative effect on social welfare (human development) and investment in ASEAN countries. Some suggestions from the macroeconomic indicators and economic freedom to reduce corruption is fundamentally strong political and social on freedom of business and investment freedom, oversight of using of public infrastructure development budgets, price controls, close supervision when a low level of tax, legal guarantees for private property rights, the government should work to improve people's living standards are reflected by an increase in GDP per capita. Suggestions of governance and democracy is maintain political stability, regulatory quality and attention to implementation mechanisms, strengthening and improving the quality of the rule of law and law enforcer, improve the control of corruption, guarantee public access to government information and freedom of the press by prohibiting censorship, and surveillance of democratic freedom to minimize potential adverse selection of public officials.
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Judul: The Effect of Corruption on Economic Growth in ASEAN Countries
Abstrak: Praktek korupsi (perbuatan memperkaya diri sendiri berupa penyelewengan dan penyalahgunaan uang negara) sudah banyak terjadi di negara-negara berkembang khususnya di Negara ASEAN. Korupsi bukan hanya perbuatan melanggar hukum namun juga berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi yang memiliki pengaruh dalam pembangunan dan kesejahteraan negara ASEAN. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan kuantitatif data panel negara ASEAN tahun 2000 – 2018. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh korupsi terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Negara ASEAN. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa variable diantaranya adalah Corruption Perception Indeks, pengeluaran pemerintah, investasi asing, net ekspor dan tenaga kerja. Hasil dari penelitian menjelaskan bahwa korupsi berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan ada faktor lain yang dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi, yaitu pengeluaran pemerintah, investasi asing, net ekspor, dan tenaga kerja yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi., The practice of corruption (an act of self-enrichment in the form of misappropriation and misuse of state money) has occurred in many developing countries, especially in ASEAN countries. Corruption is not only an act of breaking the law but also has an impact on economic growth which has an impact on the development and welfare of ASEAN countries. This study uses descriptive and quantitative analyst panel data from ASEAN countries from 2000 to 2018. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of corruption on economic growth in ASEAN countries. This study uses several variables including the corruption perception index, government spending, foreign investment, net exports and labor. The results of the study explain that corruption has a positive effect on economic growth and there are other factors that can affect economic growth, namely government spending, foreign investment, net exports, and labor which have a positive and significant effect on economic growth.
Keyword: Corruption Perception Index, Data Panel, Government Expenditure, Pertumbuhan ekonomi

Judul: Sintesis Timbal Zirkonat Titanat (Pb(ZrxTi(1-x))O3) dengan Metode Lelehan Garam: Pengaruh Suhu dan Waktu Sintering
Abstrak: Timbal zirkonat titanat (Pb(ZrxTi(1-x))O3, x = 0.52) atau PZT merupakan suatu bahan keramik perovskit yang memiliki sifat piezoelektrik sangat baik dibandingkan bahan lainnya. Ukuran bahan ini sangat penting untuk aplikasi ultrasonografi, sehingga diperlukan metode sintesis yang dapat mengendalikan ukuran PZT, salah satunya adalah metode lelehan garam. Metode ini dapat mengendalikan ukuran partikel dengan meragamkan parameter sintesis, seperti suhu dan waktu sintering. Pembentukan PZT diawali dengan reaksi PbO dan TiO2 membentuk intermediet PbTiO3 lalu bereaksi dengan ZrO2 membentuk PZT. Produk sintesis dicirikan dengan difraktometer sinar-X, mikroskop elektron payaran, penganalisis ukuran partikel, dan adsorpsi Brunauer Emmett Teller. PZT dengan metode lelehan garam berhasil disintesis pada suhu sintering 775 °C selama 4 jam. Suhu dan waktu sintering tidak secara nyata memengaruhi ukuran partikel dan kristalinitas PZT. Partikel terkecil 659 nm diperoleh pada suhu sintering 875 °C selama 4 jam.
Keyword: lelehan garam, perovskit, piezoelektrik, PZT