Judul: The Contribution of Community Forests to  the Livelihoods System and Forestry Industries in Rural Areas (Case of Prigi  Village, Sigaluh District, Banjarnegara Regency)
Abstrak: Pada awal pengembangannya, sasaran hutan rakyat adalah pada lahan kritis. Namun, hutan rakyat berkembang menjadi bidang usahatani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kontribusi hutan rakyat dalam sistem penghidupan dan industri kehutanan di pedesaan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Prigi, Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan penelitian campuran yang memadukan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutan rakyat berkontribusi dalam struktur nafkah rumah tangga. Kayu memiliki pemaknaan yang berbeda bagi masing-masing lapisan rumah tangga. Rumah tangga dengan lahan luas memaknai kayu sebagai sumber pendapatan sampingan biasa, sedangkan rumah tangga lahan sempit-sedang memaknainya sebagai tabungan yang membantu menghadapi kondisi kritis. Hutan rakyat berkontribusi dalam penyediaan pasokan bahan baku kayu dan terintegrasi kayu rakyat dalam saluran pemasaran kayu di dalam dan luar negeri. Hutan rakyat dan usaha penggergajian kayu membuka lapangan kerja, mendukung perekonomian daerah dan devisa negara., At the beginning of its development, the target of community forests was critical land. However, community forests are developing into a business sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of community forests in the livelihood system and rural forestry industries. The study was conducted in Prigi Village, Banjarnegara Regency. The method uses in this study was a mixed methods approach with quantitative and qualitative data. The results of this study indicate that community forests contribute to the households livelihood structure. Timbers has different meanings for each level of household. Households with large areas of land interpret timbers as a regular side income, while households with small-medium land areas interpret it as savings income. Community forests contribute to the sawmill industries as supplier of timbers material and the integration of timbers in marketing channels both within the country and abroad. Community forests and sawmills industries provide employment opportunities, support the regional economy and the country's foreign exchange.
Keyword: community forest, livelihood structure, sawmill industry

Judul: Analisis Finansial dan Kontribusi Hutan Rakyat terhadap Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani (di Desa Pasir Madang, Kecamatan Sukajaya, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The pressure on forest resources led to an excessive exploitation of forest resource so that it no longer able to provide optimal benefits even otherwise cause damage and decreased productivity of forest resources. One alternative solution to this problem is to plant forests construction in forest areas that are not productive especially outside Java or other alternatives is the construction of the community forest in the island of Java also outside of Java island. The result of the community forest development activities in addition to the ecologically can support the environment, can also be produced folk wood currently has evolved into a commodity which has a pretty good economic value and perceived by the public that this effort can provide extra income. The community forest as an approach to development of forestry is also prolific on environmental sustainability and an increase in people's income, so that needs to be developed with the better, so as to provide a high timber production and improve the welfare of farmers, while paying attention to power support and function of forests. This research aims to understand further the characteristics and role of the community forest in the Pasir Madang region, particularly from aspect of the community forest’s role against the welfare of the family. This research studies economic condition community forest farmers through the calculation of the balance of the income and spending the community forest farmer families. Further this research examines the contribution of community forest against the peasant household family income and identifying the motivation of farmers in community forest management. Data collected through interview of selected respondens of community forest farmers by using purposive sampling method. Additional information collected through literature studies on secondary data sources from a variety of related government agencies. Respondents farmers who is interviewed in this study consisted of 30 people who come from the village of Pasir madang, Bogor regency, West Java. Based on these studies it is known that most of the people in the village of Pasir Madang managed using agroforestry systems. The community forest in the Pasir Madang village serves as the public savings which can be harvested when the farmer needed the money in relatively large amounts and in urgent circumstances. A pattern of harvesting as it is known in terms of as a “tebang butuh” system. The community forest farmer respondents on site research mature majority in the range of 41-50 years old. The level of education respondents mostly only to elementary schools. In general the community forest farmer has a sideline job in addition to working on their forest field. Farmers in this area have a household incomes larger than level its expenditures, so they are on surplus condition. From the expenditure, allocation largest farmers used to terms of food. The community forest have a very important contribution in the structure of household income of farmers. By using the Sajogyo’s poverty line, more than three quarters of respondents the community forest farmers are above the poverty line or are able to meet the minimum basic needs. The condition is quite encouraging motivation
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Judul: Pengujian Virus Newcastle Disease Gen VII Isolat Lapang Sebagai Virus Standar Pada Uji Tantang Vaksin
Abstrak: This study was conducted to determine the standard of Newcastle disease virus Gene VII field isolate as a virus challenge to vaccine test. A virus suspension that has previously been tested by HA test then titrated with EID50 using 30 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) of 10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. In addition, chicken lethal dose50 (CLD50) test were used to determine the virus titer that could cause 50% death of the chicken population. The CLD50 test was used 25 day-old-chickens (DOC) divided into 5 groups. The virus was diluted from 10-1 to 10-8. The 104 to 10-8 dilution of NDV was infected to every group of chicken via eyedrop and intranasal with 0.1 ml/chicken dosage. Haemagglutination test showed that the allantoic fluid were contain high titers of NDV is 512 HAU. The infective NDV that had been titrated by EID50 test showed the virus titers is 109 EID50/0.1 ml or 1010 EID50/ml and the virus titers of CLD50 test e.i 106.48 CLD50/0.1 ml or 107.48 CLD50/ml. These results can be concluded that the NDV Gene VII field isolates were most appropriate to be used as a standard virus to vaccine test
Keyword: Newcastle Disease Virus Gene VII, HA tes, EID50 test, CLD50 test