Judul: Analysis of 2007 Flood Vulnerability Using TRMM Satellite Data (Case Study: Indramayu Regency, West Java).
Abstrak: Salah satu tahapan dalam manajemen bencana alam yaitu menentukan daerah yang berpotensi mengalami bencana tersebut. Banjir menempati posisi yang tinggi dalam urutan frekwensi kejadian bencana alam di Indonesia. Indramayu sebagai salah satu daerah penghasil padi terbesar di Jawa Barat selalu mengalami bencana banjir setiap tahunnya. Dilatarbelakangi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menyediakan informasi wilayah rawan banjir di Indramayu secara berkala sebagai dasar bagi langkah-langkah manajemen bencana banjir. Data inderaja dan data lainnya digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran spasial faktor-faktor banjir. Analisis SIG dilakukan untuk menghasilkan nilai kerawanan dengan mengkombinasikan data-data yang digunakan. Lima parameter yang dianggap menyebabkan banjir digunakan sebagai input dan dikategorikan menjadi faktor statis yaitu elevasi, slope, tutupan lahan dan laju drainase, sementara curah hujan digunakan sebagai faktor dinamis. Data DEM SRTM digunakan sebagai masukan data elevasi dan penurunan nilai slope, citra Landsat untuk menghasilkan peta tutupan lahan, dan peta satuan lahan untuk memperoleh informasi laju drainase. Curah hujan diturunkan melalui perhitungan data TMPA 3B42-V6 yang diperoleh dari satelit TRMM. Periode yang diamati yaitu bulan Februari dan Desember tahun 2007 yang mana tercatat sebagai salah satu kejadian banjir terbesar di Indonesia. Perbandingan hasil peta kerawanan banjir terhadap data banjir aktual menunjukkan bahwa kejadian banjir cenderung terjadi di wilayah dengan kelas Rawan. Wilayah tersebut tersebar di bagian Utara Indramayu yang merupakan daerah pesisir dengan nilai elevasi yang rendah dan kondisi permukaan yang datar, kondisi penutupan lahan dominan berupa sawah dan laju drainase yang sangat lambat. Masukan data curah hujan satelit dapat menunjukkan variasi spasial dari wilayah rawan banjir dalam tempo yang cukup cepat sehingga bermanfaat untuk pengaturan pencegahan dan pemantauan banjir, juga sistem peringatan dini banjir
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Judul: Pemetaan kawasan berpotensi banjir menggunakan sistem informasi georafis
Abstrak: Remote Sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) can be applied to identify potential flood area. Remote Sensing helps to extract information without direct interaction with the object. On the other hand, GIS can be used to identify flood prone of an area using overlay method toward the parameters that causes flood phenomena. The object of this research was to mapping the vulnerability of flood area in Indramayu Regency using cartography models of biophysics parameters, to study the distribution and characteristic of flood area in Indramayu Regency, and to study the result using different rainfall parameters and weight category for mapping vulnerable flood area in Indramayu Regency. Data processing was done using software such as ArcView 3.3, ERDAS Imagine 9.1, and Frame & Fill (USGS). The used data are rainfall, Landsat Imagery; DEM, SRTM data; soil map, river map, and landform map. The methods consist of imagery analysis, DEM data analysis, rainfall data analysis, attribute data analysis, spatial analysis dan vulnerabilty class analysis. Rainfall parameter divided into two groups, the first group used annual mean rainfall data and the second group used monthly mean rainfall data (threemonth peak of rainy season). Proportion of parameters that called as a weight category in this research divided into two groups, the first group with different weight and the second group with equal weight. The results showed that Indramayu Regency can be concluded as a potential flood area, where the north side of Indramayu Regency is more vulnerable rather than the south side. The land characteristic of the potential flood area are flat area, alluvial plains, bad drainage, and paddy field land cover. The map that using monthly mean rainfall data and different weight is more representative for mapping flood area in Indramayu Regency.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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