Judul: The Potential Use of Electric-Based Private Vehicles as an Effort to Control Carbon Dioxide Emissions in Bogor City
Abstrak: Pemanasan global dan perubahan iklim yang dihadapi masyarakat dunia merupakan akibat dari meningkatnya konsentrasi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di atmosfer. Salah satu penyumbang terbesar emisi GRK ialah sektor transportasi, khususnya di wilayah perkotaan yang memiliki aktivitas transportasi yang sangat tinggi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menurunkan emisi GRK dari sektor ini diantaranya ialah dengan mengganti kendaraan berbahan bakar minyak dengan kendaraan listrik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis minat masyarakat menggunakan kendaraan listrik dan menghitung potensi penurunan emisi GRK dari penggunaan kendaraan listrik. Pengumpulan data tentang minat masyarakat dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan dianalisis dengan model regresi logistik. Perhitungan emisi GRK menggunakan metode (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minat untuk beralih ke kendaraan listrik dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh usia dan besar dukungan pemerintah terhadap penggunaan kendaraan listrik. Minat yang tinggi untuk pindah ke kendaraan listrik adalah dari kelompok masyarakat berusia muda, dan ketersediaan infrastruktur pendukung seperti kemudahan akses tempat pengisian listrik dengan daya yang besar dan subsidi pemerintah yaitu keringanan pajak kendaraan. Saat ini rata-rata emisi karbon dioksida yang dihasilkan oleh kendaraan bermotor roda dua sebesar 12,40 kg/minggu, sementara mobil 38,87 kg/minggu. Potensi penurunan emisi dari penggunaan kendaraan listrik di Kota Bogor dapat mencapai 65%., Global warming and climate change faced by global community is caused by the increase of Greenhouse Gases (GHG) in the atmosphere. One of the most significant contributors to GHG emissions is the transportation sector, especially in urban areas with high transportation activities. One of the efforts to reduce GHG emissions from this sector is to replace oil-fueled vehicles with electric vehicles. This study aims to analyze public interest in using electric vehicles and to calculate the potential emission reduction from the use of electric vehicles. Data on public interest is collected through interviews using questionnaires and analyzed using logistic regression. The calculation of GHG emissions used the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 2 method. The results showed that the public interest to move to electric vehicles is significantly influenced by age and government supports. The high interest to move to electric vehicles is from young people, and availability of supporting infrastructure such as easy access to electric charging points with large power and government subsidies, namely vehicle tax breaks. At present, average carbon dioxide emissions produced by motor vehicles amounted to 12,40 kg/week, while cars were 38,87 kg/week. The potential emission reduction from the use of electric vehicles in Bogor City can reach 65%.
Keyword: transportasi, IPCC Tier 2, emisi kendaraan, regresi logistik, analisis skenario

Judul: CO2 EMISSION REDUCTION BEST PRACTICE OPTION DURING BISKITA IMPLEMENTATION IN BOGOR CITY
Abstrak: Emisi dari kegiatan transportasi dapat menimbulkan efek GRK yang menyebabkan peningkatan suhu udara kota. Kota Bogor tengah berupaya mengolah BisKita sebagai transportasi massal yang dinilai lebih ramah lingkungan menggantikan angkutan kota (Angkot). Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi dasar emisi transportasi terkait iklim sebelum dan sesudah BisKita dan merumuskan opsi praktik yang baik untuk mengurangi emisi. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Kota Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat, dengan fokus pada angkot dan BisKita yang belum beroperasi pada jalur K3 (Ciparigi – Ciawi) dan K4 (Terminal Bus Bubulak – Sukasari via Surya Kencana). Perhitungan nilai emisi yang dihasilkan diperoleh dari perhitungan nilai emisi kendaraan dengan faktor panjang rute, jumlah armada, dan total konsumsi bahan bakar. Formulasi pilihan praktik yang baik dihasilkan untuk menerapkan transportasi rendah emisi yang lebih ramah lingkungan dengan menganalisis berbagai literatur kebijakan transportasi yang bersumber dari studi literatur. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa emisi angkot di Kota Bogor dapat diturunkan sebesar 18,6% pada jalur K3 dan 14,8% pada jalur K4 sebagai strategi pengurangan (3 angkot : 1 bus) dengan BisKita sebagai transportasi massal. Kota Bogor dapat menerapkan berbagai transisi transportasi hijau dan rencana operasional dari negara dan kota lain di Indonesia., Emissions from transportation activities can cause GHG effects which cause an increase in city air temperature. The city of Bogor is working on processing BisKita as mass transportation which is considered more environmentally friendly to replace public transportation (Angkot). This study aims to analyze the basic conditions of climate-related transport emissions before and after BisKita and formulate good practice options for reducing emissions. The research was conducted in the City of Bogor, West Java Province, focusing on public transportation and BisKita that were not yet operating on the K3 (Ciparigi – Ciawi) and K4 lines (Bubulak – Sukasari Bus Terminal via Surya Kencana). The Calculation of the resulting emission value is obtained from calculating the vehicle emission value with the factors of route length, number of fleets, and total fuel consumption. The formulation of good practice options is generated for implementing low-emission transportation that is more environmentally friendly by analyzing various transportation policy literature that originates from literature studies. The analysis showed that angkot emissions could be reduced by 18.6% on the K3 route and 14.8% on the K4 route as a reduction strategy (3 angkot : 1 bus) with BisKita as mass transportation. The City of Bogor can implement various green transportation transitions and operational plans from other countries and cities in Indonesia.
Keyword: air temperature, angkot, eco-friendly vehicle, CO2, transportation

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: