Judul: Boophilus microplusin beef cattle livestock at Jonggol  and  effectiveness  of  malation  and  deltametrin  to  these  ticks
Abstrak: Boophilus microplus merupakan ektoparasit pengisap darah yang penting pada sapi karena dapat menyebabkan anemia dan merupakan vektor dari babesiosis dan anaplasmosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kepadatan larva caplak B. microplusdi peternakan sapi potong daerah Jonggol, Kabupaten Bogor serta uji efikasinya terhadap insektisida malation dan deltametrin. Pengamatan terhadap kepadatan larva caplak B. microplus dilakukan pada pagi hari dan menunjukkan hasil yang tinggi pada area yang telindungi dari sinar matahari. Caplak B. microplus yang dikoleksi dari lapangan dipelihara hingga bertelur dan menetas menjadi larva. Sebanyak 20 larva caplak B. microplus diletakan pada cawan petri yang berisikan kertas saring untuk diuji efikasinya terhadap malation dan deltametrin dengan metode spraying pada konsentrasi 2 g/L, 1.5 g/L, 1 g/L dan 0.5 g/L dan dilakukan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan kejatuhan larva yang cepat pada malation dan angka kejatuhan larva yang berfluktuasi pada pengujian dengan deltametrin. Kedua insektisida tersebut menyebabkan kematian larva lebih dari 90% pada jam ke-24 pengamatan, Boophilus microplus is one of significant blood-sucking ectoparasites in cattle because of its ability for causing anemia and also as a vector of babesiosis and anaplasmosis. The objective of this study were to determine the density of B. microplus ticks larvae in beef cattle livestock located at Jonggol, Bogor District. The effectiveness of two classes of insecticide (malation and deltametrin) to these tick were conducted also. Observation of B. microplus larvae density was conducted in the morning and showed a high density on area that unrevealed to the sunlight. B. microplus that have been collected from field were reared until laid eggs and hatched into larvae to tested in vitro against malation and deltametrin using spraying method in concentrations 2 g/L, 1.5 g/L, 1 g/L and 0.5 g/L. Testing conducted as much as three repetition on each group of 20 ticks larvae which were placed inside the insecticide impregnated paper. The result showed a rapid rate of knock down of larvae on testing with malation and the fluctuative knock down rate on testing with deltametrin. Both of insecticide caused more than 90% larval mortality at the 24 th hour of observation
Keyword: Boophilus microplus, deltametrin, efikasi insektisida, kepadatan larva, malation

Judul: Efikasi Insektisida Sipermetrin terhadap Larva Caplak Boophilus microplus dari Desa Pangumbahan Kecamatan Ciracap Kabupaten Sukabumi
Abstrak: Pangumbahan is a village located in a coastal areas that people there mostly works as fisherman. Other people activities undertaken are raising cattle. The cattle tick Boophilus microplus is considered the most importance cattle ectoparasite in tropics and subtropics region. B. microplus was also found on dog, goat and buffalo. Tick infestations in cattle causes direct impact such as skin irritation and loss of body weight and indirect impact such as vectors of diseases. This ectoparasite generally controled by using insecticide. Cypermethrin is synthetic pyretroids insecticide that mostly used to control household insect. The aim of this research was to determine the effication of Cypermethrin against cattle ticks larva of B. microplus. A number of 20 ticks larvae in gauze were dipped during 1 minute into 8 concentrations (0.125 gr/L; 0.25 gr/L; 0.5 gr/L; 1 gr/L; 1.5 gr/L; 2 gr/L; 2.5gr/L; and 3 gr/L). Control group done by the same method without any contact to the insecticide. The tick mortality observed at 1; 2; 3; 4; 5; 6; 12; 24; and 48 hours post exposure. The result showed that the effective concentration was 2 gr/L with average of mortality was 91.67% in 24 hours post exposure. The higher concentration of the insecticide caused the fastest death of the tick larvae
Keyword: Pangumbahan, efficacy, Cypermethrin, B microplus

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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