Judul: The Implication of Wood Price Changes on Deforestation in Indonesia: A Market Integration Approach
Abstrak: Being one of the largest tropical countries in the world, Indonesia faces increasing problems with deforestation. Timber industry is one of the main sources of income from forestry sector in Indonesia. It is commonly assumed that deforestation is driven by the dynamics of supply and demand of forest products, particularly with regard to wood products. Based on the economic theory, price is an indicator of how market works and thus drives supply and demand reactions. This research is aimed to investigate the market integration between domestic and world market of wood products and the implications of wood price changes on deforestation in Indonesia. We conducted price transmission analysis which uses Error Correction Model and regression model to see the relations between wood prices with deforestation. According to the results of price transmission analysis, it is found that domestic logwood market of Indonesia is integrated with the world market as well as in the plywood and sawn wood market, though the domestic logwood market is protected by the enactment of export ban since 1987. The results of regression model show positive correlation between wood prices and deforestation which concludes that the higher prices of wood products will lead to the more potential deforestation in Indonesia. In the presence of market integration of some processed wood products between domestic and world market, the deforestation may not be hindered only by imposing export ban on logwood.
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Judul: Analisis penawaran dan permintaan kayu bulat: kebijakan pengaturan bahan baku untuk industry pengolahan kayu primer
Abstrak: The role of forestry sector in national economies show a declining trend. This decrease was caused by various factors. One of them is the occurrence of an imbalance between supply and demand for logs in which there is excess demand for primary wood processing industry. Many efforts have been made such as the arrangement of primary wood processing industry and implementation of a log export ban, but has not given encouraging results yet. This research is applying a simultaneous equations model of the Indonesian timber market system that are more detailed than previous studies. On the supply side, the behavioral model of timber supply from various sources (natural forests, plantation forests and community forests) is constructed. Meanwhile, on the demand side, this research constructed demand behavior of sawntimber, plywood, and pulp industries. The model developed is intended to answer questions relating to (1) the factors that influence production of roundwood production and its derivatives, (2) forms of government policies that ensure the sustainability of the forest industry (upstream-downstream), and (3) policies that can reduce the gap of supply and demand of logs. 2SLS method was used for model parameter estimation. The results show that the decision to determine the extent of timber harvesting area in natural forest and plantation forest are influenced by previous cutting experience in addition to the demand by the industrial roundwood, roundwood prices, taxes and levies and wage rates. Roundwood production from natural and plantation forests are influenced by land productivity, while for community forest production is more affected by extensive logging. Level of demand by the industry is affected by the production of primary wood processing industry, the world price of processed wood products, and the price of logs. Efforts to accelerate the decline in the gap can be done through increased productivity of natural forests through the implementation of intensive silviculture. Other efforts that could be implemented are acceleration of development of community’s plantation forests (HTR) in production forests are not burdened with rights, implementation of compensation fee for the people who developing HTR as much as their opportunity cost if they reduce cash crops in HTR area simplify the procedure so that the community can meet the required conditions, granting access to financing credit, encouraging participants to plant perennials HTR; application of multi-system silviculture. Increased production of logs per unit area as described above is expected to increase the contribution of the forestry sector, through increased taxes and charges up to certain limits. Application of the use of efficient wood processing technology, especially in the application of new industrial units, to offset rising production costs, for example increase the wage rate.
Keyword: Forestry sector, Multi-system silviculture

Judul: Radiografi Digital dan Ultrasonografi Awetan Organ Reproduksi Kucing Betina Setelah Ovariohisterektomi
Abstrak: Ovariohisterektomi adalah operasi pengangkatan organ reproduksi yang membantu mengurangi populasi dan juga untuk mengobati kelainan atau penyakit. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengakses awetan organ kornua uterus dan ovarium kucing betina dengan menggunakan alat diagnostik seperti radiografi digital dan ultrasonografi. Kornua uterus dan ovarium dikumpulkan dari ovariohisterektomi dari tujuh belas kucing betina. Semua sampel difiksasi dalam formalin dan larutan alkohol 70%. Radiografi digital dan ultrasonografi dilakukan untuk mengamati morfologi kornua uterus dan aktivitas ovarium. Uterus muncul sebagai struktur pipa berbentuk silinder yang lebih besar dengan garis besar hiperekoik. Selain itu, ovarium dilihat sebagai struktur berbentuk oval dengan folikel bersifat anekoik. Berdasarkan gambar radiografi, lumen uterus memiliki 3 bentuk yaitu lurus tipis dan tebal, spiral dan kantung. Diameter terbesar kanan dan kiri kornua uterus yang berumur di atas 10 bulan dengan bentuk lumen kantung adalah 7,01 ± 0,00 mm dan 8,14 ± 0,00 mm. Sementara, diikuti dengan lumen bentuk spiral adalah 7,01 ± 0,00 mm dan 7,31 ± 0,00 mm, dan diameter terkecil dengan lumen bentuk lurus adalah 3,07 ± 0,43 mm dan 2,80 ± 0,07mm. Diameter uterus dan ovarium yang lebih besar ditemukan pada kucing berusia di atas 10 bulan dengan bentuk kantung lumen dibandingkan dengan bentuk spiral dan lurus. Lumen uterus yang berbentuk lurus merupakan karakteristik aktivitas ovarium untuk kucing dalam tahap tidak aktif, lumen spiral uterus pada tahap folikular dan lumen kantung uterus dalam kondisi bunting.
Keyword: ovariohisterektomi, kucing betina, ultrasonografi, radiografi digital, organ reproduksi