Judul: Characterization of Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) as Potential Vector of Arboviruses in Non-Human Primates Breeding Facilities Environment
Abstrak: Wildlife-originated infectious diseases present a significant threat to global health, security, and economic growth, thus combatting their emergence is a public health priority. Non-human primates (NHPs) frequently act as reservoirs for arboviruses causing diseases in humans. Arboviruses of significant concern in NHPs populations among others are Yellow Fever virus (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The diseases caused by arboviruses usually do not show clinical symptoms but can cause viremia conditions, so the viruses are maintained in nature, include in NHPs’ breeding facilities. The Primate Research Center (PRC) IPB University is a renowned research center that conducts advanced research on Indonesian primate biology. The PRC IPB University activities encompass various aspects, such as compiling biological data banks, characterizing population genetics within the colony and in the wild, and conducting conservation research. PRC IPB University possesses breeding facilities for NHPs located in urban and peri-urban areas close to human settlements. Aedes albopictus is reported as a competent vector of more than 20 arboviruses and a significant vector for important pathogenic arboviruses such as CHIKV, ZIKV, and DENV. The presence of Ae. albopictus in NHPs’ breeding facilities can contribute to the transmission of Aedes-borne viral diseases within and between NHPs, as well as between NHPs and humans, or even among humans themselves. There are not yet any previous report on a comprehensive investigation of Ae. albopictus in Indonesia NHPs’ breeding facilities. The presence of Ae. albopictus in both urban and peri-urban regions, where NHPs' breeding facilities are situated, could potentially serve as a contributing factor in the transmission of Aedes-borne viral diseases between NHPs and humans (and vice versa), as well as among human populations. This research was a comprehensive study regarding Ae. albopictus as a potential arboviruses vector in NHPs’ breeding facilities environments of PRC IPB University. This research consisted of 5 stages as follows (1) biology and life table of the Ae. albopictus populations collected from urban and peri-urban area of NHPs’ breeding facilities under laboratory conditions (2) genetic structure of the Ae. albopictus collected from urban and peri-urban area of NHPs' breeding facilities based on cytochrome oxidase 1 gene (3) Arboviruses circulation and Wolbachia molecular typing of the Ae. albopictus populations collected from urban and peri-urban area of NHPs’ breeding facilities (4) the diversity and composition of gut and larvae microbiota in Ae. albopictus from urban and peri-urban area of NHPs’ breeding facilities (5) characteristic habitat of Ae. albopictus and species distribution model in peri-urban area of NHPs’ breeding facilities. Ae. albopictus biting behavior in urban and peri-urban area NHPs breeding facilities exhibited distinct bimodal activity patterns, with a peak in the morning around 09:00-10:00 and another peak in the evening around 16:00-17:00. Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from urban area demonstrated greater fecundity, longer lifespan, more gonotrophic cycles, and a higher net reproduction rate (R0) than their counterparts from peri-urban area. Cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences with 643 base pairs (bp) length were obtained from Ae. albopictus from both populations. Seven bp of nucleotide variation were found with a nucleotide diversity value was 0.00294. Seven haplotypes were formed
Keyword: Aedes albopictus, arboviruses, infectious disease, medical entomology, non-human primates

Judul: Mosquito Community in Primate (Tarsius sp.) Captivity and The Potential for Mosquito-Borne Disease Based Zoonoses
Abstrak: Monitoring dan surveilans ektoparasit khususnya nyamuk pada penangkaran satwa primata menjadi penting dalam upaya konservasi. Nyamuk merupakan salah satu ektoparasit yang berperan sebagai vektor berbagai macam jenis penyakit zoonosis seperti Dengue, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, filariasis dan lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ragam spesies nyamuk dan fluktuasinya serta potensi nyamuk sebagai vektor virus Dengue (DENV) di sekitar kandang tarsius yang ada di laboratorium hewan konservasi PSSP IPB. Koleksi nyamuk dilakukan dari bulan Februari-April 2020 menggunakan light trap dan sweep net setiap dua jam dari pukul 18.00-06.00 WIB. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 4 jenis nyamuk yang tertangkap di sekitar kandang tarsius yaitu Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Armigeres subalbatus dan Armigeres foliatus. Spesies nyamuk dominan adalah Armigeres subalbatus (62.11%) dan Aedes albopictus (41.61%). Deteksi keberadaan virus Dengue (DENV) dilakukan dengan menggunakan Reverse Transcriptase Realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- qPCR) terhadap nyamuk Aedes albopictus dan Armigeres subalbatus. Hasil deteksi Aedes albopictus dan Armigeres subalbatus terhadap keberadaan virus Dengue (DENV) serotipe 1, 2, 3, 4 memberikan hasil negatif. Keberadaan jenis nyamuk yang berpotensi membawa penyakit yang bersifat zoonotik di sekitar kandang tarsius PSSP IPB menunjukkan adanya potensi penularan penyakit asal nyamuk (Mosquito Borne Disease) baik pada primata tarsius maupun manusia., In means of conservation, ectoparasites monitoring and surveillance especially mosquitoes in primate captivity become important. Mosquito is one of the ectoparasites which acts as a vector of various types of zoonotic diseases such as Dengue, Zika, Japanese encephalitis, Rift Valley fever, filariasis and others. This study was aimed to determine the diversity of mosquito species, their fluctuations as well as the potential of mosquitoes as a Dengue virus (DENV) vector around the tarsier captivity in the animal conservation laboratory PSSP IPB. Mosquitoes were collected from February to April 2020 using light traps and sweep net every two hours from 06.00 pm to 06.00 am. Detection of the presence of Dengue virus (DENV) is carried out using Reverse Transcriptase Realtime Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) against Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus mosquitoes. The results showed that there were 4 species of mosquitoes caught around the tarsier captivity namely Aedes albopictus, Culex quinquefasciatus, Armigeres subalbatus and Armigeres foliatus. The dominant mosquito species are Armigeres subalbatus (62.11%) and Aedes albopictus (41.61%). Detection of Aedes albopictus and Armigeres subalbatus for the presence of Dengue virus (DENV) serotypes 1, 2, 3, 4 gave negative results. The presence of mosquitoes that have the potential to carry zoonotic disease around the tarsier captivity in PSSP IPB shows the potential for Mosquito Borne Diseases to both tarsiers and human.
Keyword: Kepadatan nyamuk, Penyakit zoonotik, Ragam jenis, Tarsius, Virus Dengue

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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