Judul: Semen quality of garut rams fed by different protein sources and their implementation potential assessment in small farms of West Java.
Abstrak: Excellent protein quality is absolutely required and plays an important role in the reproduction process, particularly in improving the quality of sperm for supporting the prolific nature of Garut rams. Maggot Hermetia illucens (Maggot Black Soldier Fly, MBSF) is an alternative protein source besides soybean meal (SBM) which have used as a feed. The aims of this study were to analyzed and compare the impact of different protein sources in feed on semen quality of Garut rams, and to assess the potential integration of these feeds into the small-scale breeders of West Java, Indonesia. These experiments consist of two phases; laboratory phase and breeding farms survey phase. The first phase of this study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment on this study was Brachiaria humidicola (BH) grass and T1 (concentrate contains 20% of SBM), T2 (concentrate contains 10% of SBM and 10% of MBSF), and T3 (concentrate contains 20% of MBSF). The parameters were feed consumption, semen quality (macroscopic and microscopic characteristics), also a potential ability of rams to serve females. The second phase was conducted in Garut, West Java, Indonesia as the concentration region of Garut rams, and assessing smallscale breeders who were potentially able to extend the feeding practical with MBSF, using a questionnaire as guidance. The first results showed there was no significant effect of the feeds (P>0.05) on protein nutrient consumption, semen volume, semen pH, semen color and consistency, sperm mass movement, sperm motility, sperm concentration, total number sperm per ejaculate, sperm morphology, sperm viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity and potential ability to serve females. However, the result showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on sperm viability and sperm membrane integrity. Sperm plasma membrane integrity of ram feed with T3 was better than T1 and T2. The potential ability rams to serve ewes on MBSF treatment was 38 heads, while in T1 and T2 were 43 and 57 heads respectively. The second results of the breeding farms survey explained there are two types of groups that are able to develop maggot BSF as feed based on indicators, i.e. income per month, experience, educational level, and numbers of animals. There are five categories of breeders who can apply MBSF on their farms but only four farmers from two categories were expected to be able to intergrate MBSF into their systems. The conclusion of our overall study is MBSF can be an alternative source of protein, besides soybean meal to improve the semen quality thus supporting the prolific properties of Garut rams.
Keyword: Garut rams, semen quality, maggot BSF, protein

Judul: Kualitas Semen Domba Garut dengan Pemberian Pakan Limbah Tauge dan Indigofera sp pada Pengencer Tris Kuning Telur.
Abstrak: Garut ram is one of good comodity of the livestock, but still traditional management systems. This is a delimiter in garut ram heir superior quality. Semen preservation in several extender can be as choice to maintain genetic superior of garut ram. Semen quality itself affected by the nutrient factors contained in the waste bean sprouts and Indigofera sp such as protein and vitamin E, which is capable of affecting the quality of spermatozoa in garut ram. The research was aimed to study the influence of feeding with 30% waste bean sprouts and 30% Indigofera sp on sperm quality in the tris egg yolk extender. Semen sample were collected from 4 garut male with age around 11 months were two garut ram was fed with limbah tauge and two garut ram was fed with Indigofera sp. Collected semen were diluted in tris egg yolk extender and stored at refrigerator 5 oC until fifth days. Parameter of semen quality was analyzed as follow: for the colour, consistency, pH, volume semen and sperm mass movement were expressed with descriptively analysis. Concentration and cytoplasmic droplet were tested by T-Test analysis. Sperm motility, sperm viability, integrity of sperm plasma membrane and sperm secondary abnormality were analyzed using Completely Randomized Design Factorial (2x5). The first factor was fed (waste bean sprouts and Indigofera sp) and the second factor was storage time (day 1st,2st,3st,4st and 5st). Data was analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan test to observed the different between treatments. Result of the experiment showed descriptively: colour, concistency and semen pH in all treatment have same quality. Semen volume were collected from garut ram with fed waste bean sprouts better than with fed Indigofera sp, whereas sperm mass movement with fed Indigofera sp better than with fed waste bean sprouts. T-test analyzed showed all treatment were not significant different (P>0,05) to sperm concentration and cytoplasmic droplet. Analysis of Variance showed sperm motility in all treatment were not significant different (P>0,05) whereas in first and second days storage significant better than after third storage (>40%). Such as with sperm viability and integrity of sperm plasma membrane were significant maintaint until fourth storage with percentage (>60% and >50%). Percentage sperm secondary abnormality in treatment with fed Indigofera sp significant better than treatment with fed waste bean sprouts. It can be summarized that all treatment were not influence to sperm quality garut ram 11 years old, but storage time influential to sperm motility, sperm viability, and integrity of sperm plasma membrane. It is suggested to do further research the influence of both feed on adult ram.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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