Judul: Keragaman Total Karbohidrat dan Karakteristik Pektin dari Ekstrak Air 13 Genotipe Buah Okra (Albesmoschus esculentus L.).
Abstrak: Okra merupakan tanaman yang mengandung gizi baik seperti protein, karbohidrat, vitamin dan mineral. Pektin yang terkandung pada okra memiliki banyak manfaat dan bernilai tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik polisakarida pada buah okra meliputi total karbohidrat dan karakteristik pektin yang diekstraksi dari tiga belas genotipe berbeda untuk mengevaluasi potensi sebagai bahan fungsional baru untuk industri makanan dan farmasi. Total karbohidrat ditentukan dengan menggunakn metode fenol-sulfat. Total karbohidrat yang diperoleh berkisar antara 23.98% - 53.58%. Pektin diekstraksi menggunakan metode refluks dan maserasi menggunakan pelarut buffer fosfat pH 6. Karakteristik pektin mengandung berat ekivalen yang berkisar antara 415.14 mgek – 846.95 mgek, derajat metoksil 1.54% – 3.99%, kadar galakturonat 57.33% - 77.74%, dan derajat esterifikasi 14.84% - 37.22%.
Keyword: Okra, pektin, polisakarida, total karbohidrat

Judul: Sitotoksisitas dan Total Fenolik Ekstrak Pektin pada Tiga Belas Genotipe Buah Okra(Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench).
Abstrak: Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan pada berbagai jenis iklim dan digolongkan memiliki sitotoksisitas yang cukup tinggi, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber antioksidan, antidiabetes, antikanker, dan antiinflamasi. Buah okra mengandung senyawa pektin yang cukup banyak. Pektin merupakan biopolimer yang berasal dari asam D-galakturonat yang dihubungkan oleh ikatan α-1,4-glikosidik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat sitotoksisitas dan total fenolik dari ekstrak pektin tiga belas genotipe okra. Pengujian sitotoksisitas dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode BSLT dan pengujian total fenolik menggunakan reagen Folin Ciocalteu. Nilai LC50 tertinggi diperoleh oleh sampel P2 ungu sebesar 2779.72 μg/mL dan nilai terendah diperoleh oleh sampel P1 791.83 μg/mL. Ekstrak pektin okra memiliki sitotoksisitas yang cukup rendah. Kadar total fenolik tertinggi diperoleh oleh sampel E004 sebesar 14.9524 mg GAE/g dan nilai terendah diperoleh oleh sampel Naila sebesar 2.0952 mg GAE/g.
Keyword: okra, pektin, sitotoksisitas, total fenolik

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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