Judul: Karakterisasi dan Aplikasi Pepton Jeroan Ikan Sidat (Anguilla bicolor) sebagai Nutrien Media Pertumbuhan Bakteri.
Abstrak: Limbah jeroan ikan sidat dari hasil proses produksi pada umumnya tidak dimanfaatkan dengan baik, yaitu sebagai pakan ternak atau dibuang. Pemanfaatan limbah jeroan ikan sidat perlu dilakukan karena kandungan proteinnya cukup tinggi sehingga dapat dibuat menjadi salah satu produk yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi yaitu pepton ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi pepton dari jeroan ikan sidat serta membandingkan karakteristik pepton tersebut dengan pepton komersial. Pepton dibuat dengan proses hidrolisis menggunakan enzim papain selama 5 jam. Konsentrasi optimum didapat pada penggunaan enzim papain sebesar 1 000 U. Kandungan protein pada pepton jeroan ikan sidat yaitu 82.1 %, dengan kadar lemak sebesar 0.93%. Karakteristik pepton jeroan ikan sidat terdiri dari kelarutan 99.9%; total nitrogen 13.12%; kadar garam 0.15%; dan pH 6. Pepton jeroan ikan sidat dapat digunakan sebagai nutrien pada media pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dengan nilai optical density (OD) yang lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan pepton komersial bactopeptone, namun lebih rendah nilai pertumbuhannya jika digunakan pada media pertumbuhan untuk bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.
Keyword: hidrolisis, jeroan ikan sidat, papain, pepton

Judul: Kajian Literatur Perbedaan Bagian Tubuh Ikan dan Kesegarannya Terhadap Karakteristik Pepton Yang Dihidrolisis Secara Enzimatis
Abstrak: Bahan baku pepton dari sapi dan babi terbentur masalah kehalalan dan penyakit membahayakan dari hewan-hewan tersebut. Penggunaan ikan sebagai alternatif bahan baku pepton dinilai lebih efektif. Pepton ikan dapat dihidrolisis enzimatis dengan enzim papain. Perbedaan penggunaan daging dan jeroan ikan serta kesegarannya dapat memengaruhi karakteristik pepton yang dihasilkan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi, menganalisis dan membandingkan pengaruh dari perbedaan bagian tubuh ikan yang digunakan serta kesegarannya terhadap karakteristik dari pepton ikan dihidrolisis enzimatis. Penelitian kajian literatur dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data dari jurnal nasional maupun internasional. Nilai rata-rata parameter pepton jeroan ikan lebih tinggi daripada pepton daging ikan. Pepton dengan ikan post rigor dan busuk memiliki nilai rata-rata parameter yang lebih tinggi daripada pepton dengan ikan segar. Peningkatan konsentrasi enzim dan waktu hidrolisis dapat meningkatkan protein terhidrolisis, sebagian parameter pepton ikan telah memenuhi standar bactopeptone. Kata kunci: daging ikan, enzim papain, jeroan ikan, hidrolisis, pepton ikan., Peptone’s raw material from bovine and porcine products are colliding the halal issue and the presence of dangerous diseases. Using fish as the alternative of raw material for peptone is more effective. Fish peptone could be hydrolyzed enzymatically using papain enzyme. The use of fish flesh and fish viscera, also fish freshness as raw product used in peptone can affect the peptone final product. The purposes of this research were to identify, analyze, and compare the effect of using different parts of fish body and fish freshness as raw material to the characteristics of fish peptone. The literature review was carried out by data collection from national and international scientific journals. Peptones with fish viscera have higher average value of the parameters compared with peptones with fish flesh. Peptones with post rigor and spoiled fish raw materials have higher average value of the parameter comparing with peptones with fresh fish. Enhancing percentage of enzyme and hydrolysis duration can increase hydrolyzed protein content, several parameters of fish peptone have complied the bactopeptone standard. Keywords: fish flesh, fish viscera, hydrolysis, papain enzyme, peptone.
Keyword: daging ikan, enzim papain, jeroan ikan, hidrolisis, pepton ikan, fish flesh, fish viscera, hydrolysis, papain enzyme, peptone

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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