Judul: Design and performance test of metal Kiln venture drum type for coconut shell carbonization
Abstrak: Indonesia, coconut shell has been utilized for many purposes such as handicraft and accessories raw materials, carbon active, and also as charcoal for cooking and heating process. Due to the huge of coconut shell waste, there are huge of waste hasn’t utilized well, especially in settlement area or in the traditional market. The aim of this research was to design a portable kiln metal and to conduct performance test of the kiln. A venturi drum type of portable kiln has been designed with capacity of 12,45 -15 kg coconut shells. The performance test shows that the carbonization process takes time about 60-90 minutes with temperature range of 441.5-989.4 oC, and average yields 14.8%. The optimum performance has been achieved in the 4th test which was producing 24% yield of 12.45 kg coconut shells with highest temperature 908.56 oC and operating time 70 minutes. To improve the kiln performance, there are some improvement should be done such as using better sealer to reduce heat loss of the system, and improvement on loading and cooling process for getting better yield and quality (water content) of the charcoal.
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Judul: Uji Kinerja Kiln Tipe Drum Bersekat Untuk Pengarangan Limbah Hasil Pertanian
Abstrak: Mu’minah (2017) merancang kiln untuk pengarangan tempurung kelapa dengan memanfaatkan prinsip kerja plat sekat di dalam ruang pengarangan bertujuan agar suhu pengarangan lebih cepat merata. Agar penggunaan kiln tersebut lebih optimum, perlu dilakukan pengujian dengan menggunakan tempurung kelapa dengan ukuran berbeda dan bahan lain selain tempurung kelapa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kinerja kiln yang dirancang oleh Mu’minah tersebut dengan bahan tempurung kelapa ukuran besar dan cangkang kemiri, serta melakukan modifikasi desain dan cara pengoperasian kiln, jika dibutuhkan, agar mampu menghasilkan kinerja yang optimal. Hasil pengujian kiln bersekat menunjukkan bahwa untuk bahan tempurung kelapa ukuran besar, kapasitas optimum kiln adalah 10 kg, menghasilkan rendemen 19,8 % pada tingkat suhu rata-rata 273,3 C dan lama proses rata-rata 100 menit. Sedangkan kapasitas optimum jika digunakan untuk cangkang kemiri adalah 35 kg, menghasilkan rendemen arang sebesar 33,56 % pada suhu pengarangan rata-rata sebesar 269,3 C dalam waktu 250 menit. Jika sekat dilepas (kiln tanpa sekat), kapasitas kiln pada penggunaan tempurung kelapa tetap 10 kg, tetapi waktu proses lebih cepat (83 menit) pada suhu rata-rata operasi mencapai 319 C, dan menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 19,33 %. Penggunaan untuk cangkang kemiri menghasilkan rendemen 28,4 % pada tingkat suhu rata-rata 323,1 C dan waktu pengarangan 230 menit. Penggunaan sekat sangat baik digunakan pada pengujian menggunakan cangkang kemiri dibandingkan tempurung kelapa., Mu'minah (2017) designed a kiln for coconut shell carbonization by utilizing the working principle of a baffle plate as partition in the carbonization chamber with the aim to make temperature in the carbonization chamber more evenly distributed. In order to optimize the kiln usages, it is necessary to carry out performance test using coconut shells of different sizes and materials other than coconut shells. The purpose of this research is to conduct performance test of the kiln designed by Mu'minah with large coconut shell and candlenut shell materials, as well as to modify the design and how to operate the kiln, if needed, in order to be able to produce optimal performance. The test results of the kiln with partition show that for large size coconut shell material, the optimum capacity of the kiln is 10 kg, producing a yield of 19.8% at an average temperature level 273.3 C and an average processing time of 100 minutes. While the optimum capacity for candlenut shells carbonization is 35 kg, resulting in a yield of charcoal 33.56% at an average temperature of 269.3 C in 250 minutes. If the partition removed (kiln without partition), the kiln capacity when using coconut shells is still 10kg, but the processing time is faster (83 minutes) at an average operating temperature of 319 C and produce yield of 19,33 %. The use of candlenut shells producing yield 28.4% at an average temperature of 323.1 C in 230 minutes. The use of partition is very good for candlenut shells compared to coconut shells.
Keyword: candlenut shell, carbonization, coconut shell, kiln

Judul: Theileriosis pada Sapi Akibat Infeksi Theileria Mutans
Abstrak: Theleria mutans pertama kali ditemukan oleh Theiler pada tahun 1906. Theileria mutans pernah dimasukkan dalam genus Nuttalia, Gondoria, dan Babesia, sehingga penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit ini mempunyai banyak nama diantaranya adalah Benign bovine theilariosis, Benign bovine gonderiosis, Tzaneen disease, marico calf disease dan Mild gall sickness (Saidu, 1982).
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