Judul: Evaluation Policy Determination Of Prone Forest Fires Area in West Kalimantan Province
Abstrak: Indonesia was one of countries having the world's fastest forest destruction. The damage was partly due to the land and forest fires that causing a serious impact on ecological, social, political and economy. The fires usually occur during the dry season in prone fire Province such as West Kalimantan. The fires in West Kalimantan is closely related to forests and land clearing activities. The research was carried out with spatial analysis of land cover change and evaluation of forest fire control policies in West Kalimantan Province. According to land cover analysis change during period 2000-2003, 2003-2006, 2006-2009, forest was the most widely land cover reduced by 631,957.50 ha, while the most significant increased were plantations 382,158.17 ha, bush/shrub 181,861.03 ha and 48631.85 ha of open land.. The most influence factor of land and forest fires was the land cover and land use that closely related to economic needs. In this case clearing land for plantations and paddy fields and also the shifting cultivation culture. of the policy setting fire prone areas of forest in West Kalimantan have not been effective, as indicated by a high change of forest land into forests and high non-hotspots. Determination of West Kalimantan as areas prone to forest fires is considered to be appropriate, but the implementation were considered less effective. This was due to the high rate of land cover change from forest to non forest and the hotspots also remains high, the legislation at the district level still not complete, inefficiency in implementing the mandate of the legislation at the local level, and ineffeciency coordination between central and local governments.
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Judul: Sistem Peringkat Bahaya Kebakaran Hutan di Propinsi Kalimantan Barat
Abstrak: Land cover over West Kalimantan consists of forests, swamps mixed with peat, shrubs, and reeds. Field data of 2009 indicate that hotspots in the region mostly observed from May to August 2009. The largest number of hotspots indicate that region has great potential for experiencing forest fires. Impact of forest fires causes financial losses of local as well as non-local regions. The negative impact of forest fires can be minimized by makes plans of forest fire control, whereas the plan can be made easier if the level of fire danger could be known earlier. Keetch Byram Drought Index system is a popular system which is used to determine the rate of danger of forest fire in West Kalimantan. Calculation of this index only requires observational data of daily rainfall and daily maximum temperature. When a larger value of KBDI prevails, the potential of forest fires increases. On the other hand, when the value of KBDI is small, the probability of forest fire becomes less. Probability of forest fire in 2010 may be estimated fire danger rating using the previous data period. The average daily maximum value of KBDI in 1990 until 2009 show that West Kalimantan has a relative high level of fire danger. Region around Supadio and Sintang weather stations reach an extreme class value.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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