Judul: The Effect of Social Spending on Poverty Reduction: Evidence from District/Municipality Level in Indonesia
Abstrak: This thesis analyses the effect of government social transfer, GDP per capita, and mean years of schooling on poverty reduction at the district level. The focus is on the impact of the social transfer on the poverty rate and poverty gap reduction in 504 districts and municipalities between 2015 and 2020. The study uses this period because the Indonesian government increased the budget for social transfer in 2015. The study finds that social transfer negatively affects the poverty rate, but the social transfer is not significant in reducing the poverty gap. These findings suggest that social transfer is less beneficial for the poorest population. One possible reason is that the poorest population lacks social assistance support. For more efficient poverty reduction, the government should update the Indonesia Unified Database and ensure the poorest population receive two or more social transfer programs. The results also demonstrate that GDP per capita only negatively influences the poverty rate. Interestingly, the study shows that mean years of schooling negatively affect the poverty rate and poverty gap.
Keyword: social transfer, poverty rate, poverty gap

Judul: Analisis peran pendidikan dan distribusi pendapatan dalam mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan di Indonesia
Abstrak: The poverty of Indonesia during the period from 2005 to 2013 showed the downward trend, but not accompanied by the equality of income distribution. It is described on the data obtained from BPS that the gini index of Indonesia from 2005 to 2013 incereased, so that shows the inqualty when the poverty declined. Education became one of method the alleviation poverty beside income distribution. This research show the expansion of gini index and indicators of education in 33 province in Indonesia start from 2005 to 2013. In this research, indicators of education are literacy rate, mean years of schooling and school enrollment rate. The third indicators shows the improvment of education during 2005 to 2013. This research indicate that the gini index has a significant negative effect to Indonesian poverty rates. The literacy rate has a negative effect and unsignificant effect to Indonesian poverty, while the meanyears of schooling and school enrollment rates have a significant and negative effect to Indonesian poverty rates.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, the poverty rate., school enrollment rates, mean years of schooling, literacy rates, gini index

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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