Judul: Variasi Regional dalam Pola Makan Monyet Ekor Panjang dan Faktor Ekologi yang Mempengaruhinya
Abstrak: Dietary composition and activity budgets are important aspects of primate ecology, and habitat quality often affects them and makes a regional variation in the behavior of target species. This study describes the variations in activity budgets and dietary habits of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in original habitats through a web-based survey. Then, the relationships between the behavioral aspects and geographical/ environmental variables were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Activity budgets of the macaques were stable regardless of the habitats, except for social behavior which showed a positive correlation with elevation. Percentages of primary foods (fruits, seeds, flowers, and leaves), on the other hand, were stable across habitats, while of non-primary foods (fungi, soil, and others) showed negative relationships with temperature. In several study sites, percentages of anthropogenic diets were remarkably higher. The lack of regional variations in activity and primary dietary composition is likely due to higher food availability in the tropical habitat, which is contrasting to those in the macaques inhabiting temperate regions that show drastic behavioral plasticity in response to regional variation in food environment. Percentage of fungi and soil showed positive relationship with human population, which is likely to contribute to neutralize nutritional compounds obtained from anthropogenic foods.
Keyword: Activity budgets, Daily Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Food habits, Food Preference, Meta-analysis, Regional variation

Judul: Dietary Variation of Long Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Telaga Warna, Bogor, West Java
Abstrak: Genus Macaca, anggota dari sub-famili Cercopithecinae, merupakan primata non manusia yang tersebar luas di negara-negara Asia. Habitat mereka sangat mempengaruhi variasi makanan dari suatu populasi. Variasi makanan pada monyet merefleksikan plastisitas ekologi untuk beradaptasi dengan perbedaan keberadaan dan kelimpahan makanan. Monyet bersifat plastis dalam mengambil makanan apapun yang tersedia di daerah jelajah mereka. Pada penelitian ini, saya menunjukkan variasi makanan dari monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) pada hutan hujan dataran tinggi di Telaga Warna. Monyet ekor panjang di Telaga Warna terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok A (43 individu) dan kelompok B (20 individu). Kedua kelompok monyet tersebut mengunjungi taman wisata alam, namun saya hanya mengamati kelompok A. Saya menggunakan dua metode pengamatan, scan dan ad libitum. Saya mengamati tujuh kategori tingkah laku, yaitu pergerakan, makan, istirahat, bermain, telisik dan kawin. Persentase aktivitas yang paling besar (pergerakan, makan dan istirahat) berhubungan dengan aktivitas makan. Monyet ekor panjang bergerak ke tempat-tempat yang menyediakan banyak jenis makanan di daerah jelajah mereka. Saya mencatat nama-nama individu yang makan dan jenis makanan yang mereka makan pada pengamatan aktivitas makan. Proporsi makanan alami mereka lebih besar dari pada makanan tambahan dari manusia. Makanan alami terdiri atas 29 spesies tumbuhan dan beberapa lumut yang belum teridentifikasi. Frekuensi mereka memakan makanan tambahan dari manusia dipengaruhi oleh pengunjung yang datang dengan membawa makanan. Pada situs ini, monyet belajar bahwa kunjungan turis identik dengan makanan.
Keyword: dietary variation, high altitude rain forest, Macaca, Macaca fascicu-laris

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4