Judul: Spesies dan keadaan populasi kodok dari subgenus Rana di persawahan kecamatan Kauditan dan Kecamatan Kakas Kabupaten Minahasa Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk memperoleh data tentang spesies dan keadaan populasi kodok dari subgenus Rana di kedua kecamatan, karena morfologi (ukuran berat dan panjang tubuh) dan padat populasi erat hubungannya dengan nilai perdagangan. Penangkapan kodok dilakukan pada malam hari dengan menggunakan tangan dan jaring dibantu lampu gas, di atas sawah dalam keadaan selepas panen. Pengenalan spesies dilakukan dengan menggunakan kunci determinasi yang dikemukakan Boulenger (1920), Kampen (1923), Smith (1930), Inger (1954), Inger (1966) dan Berry (1975), dan pengiriman kodok contoh ke Field Museum of Natural History di Chicago, Amerika Serikat untuk diidentifikasi. Sedangkan padat populasi diukur dari jumlah kodok hasil tangkapan di atas sawah seluas satu bektar.
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Judul: Beberapa aspek biologi kodok raksasa, rana Sp di sumatra barat
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Mei Agustus 1984 di Propinsi Sumatera Barat dan di laboratorium Fakultas Perikanan IPB Bogor. Aspek-aspek biologi yang diteliti ialah taksonomi, morfologi dan morfometri, habitat, saluran pencernaan dan makanan, waktu kawin dan lamanya dan perbandingan jenis kelamin. Kodok contoh ditangkap dengan tangan di batang air (sungai) yang terletak di Kabupaten Agam dan Sawahlunto Sijunjung. Sifat morfometri dianalisa dengan menggunakan Sidik Peragam dan makanannya dianalisa dengan metoda Index of Preponderance (IP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ciri-ciri morfologi kodok raksasa di Kab. Agam tidak berbeda dengan populasi di Kab. Sawahlunto Sijunjung. Sifat-sifat morfometri seperti panjang kepala, jarak mulut-hidung, jarak hidung-mata dan jarak antara dua lobang hidung tidak dapat digunakan untuk membedakan jenis kelaminnya. Tetapi tiga sifat terakhir bisa digunakan untuk membedakan kodok raksasa antara kedua lokasi. Pertumbuhan kodok raksasa bersifat 'allometrik'. Pada kodok raksasa betina pertambahan bobotnya lebih cepat daripada pertambahan panjangnya.
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Judul: Enhancement of photon absorbtion on BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films semiconductor using photonic crystals.
Abstrak: In this research, has been conducted BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films manufacturing for mole fraction x = 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55; and concentration of 1 molar using chemical solution depositon (CSD) method. The materials, which are used in this research, are barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%], titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28), 97.999%], gallium trioxide [Ga2O3], 2-methoxyethanol [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] and 1 x 1 cm of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass as substrate. Two BST thin films are made that for BST thin films which are doped by 10% galium (BGST) as p-type layer and pure BST solution as n-type. BST solution is made by reacting barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%] and titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28)] into 2-methoxyethanol solvent [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] in accordance with mass gram for each x value. While, BGST solution is made in the same way as BST solution, plus adding gallium at 10% of the mass of BST. Once all materials are reacted, then vibrated using ultrasonic for 90 minutes, and followed by coating BGST / BST on the TCO substrate. Once the layer is formed, then annealed for 15 hours at temperature of 500 °C with increasing rate of 1.67 oC/minute. Characterizations of BST thin films with or without photonic crystals include the absorbance and transmittance in the visible light spectrum, as well as the electrical photoconductivity characterizations. From BST thin films without photonic crystals indicate that our thin films have light absorption area on almost the entire range of the visible light spectrum even to the infrared range with absorption value over than 67.6%, in addition, it can be seen that the maximum absorbance of BST thin films for all mole fractions lie in blue to green light spectrum region, 457 nm ≤ λ ≤ 570 nm and the minimum in yellow to red light spectrum region, 570 nm ≤ λ ≤ 678 nm. The largest absorbance is found at x = 0.25 with average absorbance value of 92.04% and maximum and minimum absorbance peaks at wavelength of 500.89 and 657.72 nm, respectively. At x = 0.35, average absorbance value decreased to 83.55% with maximum and minimum peaks at 505.73 and 613.68 nm, respectively. Then increased to 91.16% at x = 0.45 with maximum and minimum peaks at 506.04 and 618.56 nm, respectively. At x = 0.55, average absorbance value decreased to 80.12% with maximum and minimum peaks at 507.85 and 608.79 nm, respectively. Moreover, it can be seen that the addition of barium mole fraction leads to wider maximum absorbance or minimum transmittance peaks and narrower minimum absorbance or maximum transmittance peaks in the same range of the green and blue & red light spectrums, respectively. BST thin films with photonic crystals show increasing in absorption for all x values in the range of 3.04 into 13.33%. At x = 0.25, average absorbance percentage increased 3.96% from 92.4 into 95.68%, for x = 0.35 average percentage increased 7.07% into 89.45 from 83.55%. Furthermore, average absorbance of BST thin films at x = 0.45 increased 3.04% from 91.16 into 93.93% and x = 0.55 has
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