Judul: DNA Fragmentation on HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cell in the Presence of Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Extract
Abstrak: Type 3 resistant starch (RS3) is retrogaded starch that resists digestion in the small intestine of healthy people and fermented in the large intestine. The main fermentation products are the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate is the major energy source for the colonocytes and have anti-carcinogenic effects mainly by affecting proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of colonocytes. The aim of this study was to analyze apoptotic DNA fragments of HCT-116 human colon cancer cell incubated with SCFA derived from fermentation of RS3 of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) by C. Butyricum BCC B2571 using DNA ladder assay. The DNA bands detected from attached cells treated with SCFA containing 1.00 and 1.25 mM butyrate were different from the control, appeared as longer smear. There were separate DNA bands in the floating cells in the treated medium (SCFA containing 0.625, 1.00, and 1.25 mM butyrate) at ±100 bp. These bands were not presence in the control. DNA fragmentation was not clear in the attached cells, but was observed as a separate bands in the floating cells in the medium which contained the dead cells. This research still needs optimazion of DNA extraction to get the best result of DNA fragmentation assay
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Judul: Short chain fatty acid profile during in vitro fermentation of Eubacterium rectale on sukuh sweet potato type-iii resistant starch media
Abstrak: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Within Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand, it is the second most common cancer after lung or breast and in general, the incidence and mortality of the disease are increasing. Evidence suggests that diet plays a significant role in the aetiology of CRC. This condition leads to pursue basic research on the development of type-III resistant starch as one of the functional food ingredient with potential cancer prevention ability. Type-III resistant starch represents retrograded starch, which form crystalline structure of amylose through hydrogen bond in double helices structure. It is not digested by human starch degrading enzyme and will thus undergo bacterial fermentation in the colon. The main fermentation products are short chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate plays a key role in the energy metabolism of the colonic epithelial cells and thought to be important in the maintenance of colonic health in humans, that is potential of inhibiting cancer cell.
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Judul: Kebutuhan pemandu wisata di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango
Abstrak: Pramuwisata atau lebih dikenal sebagai pemandu wisata berasal dari bahasa Sansekerta yaitu pramu, wis dan ata. Pramu berarti pelayanan atau orang yang me- layani, wis artinya tempat, dan ata berarti banyak, sehingga batasan pramuwisata adalah orang yang bertugas memberikan bimbingan, penerangan dan petunjuk ten- tang obyek wisata (Direktorat Jenderal Pariwisata, 1991), yang berarti orang yang bertugas memberikan pemanduan wisata. Pemanduan wisata alam di taman nasional merupakan kegiatan yang bertu- juan memberikan pelayanan kepada wisatawan dalam menikmati obyek-obyek wisata alam yang terdapat di kawasan taman nasional, sehingga wisatawan dapat menya- dari, menghargai dan mengerti tentang kawasan yang dikunjunginya serta membantu wisatawan untuk memperoleh tambahan pengalaman, kenyamanan dan kepuasan. Selain itu pemanduan wisata alam merupakan sarana untuk mencapai salah satu tujuan taman nasional yaitu perlindungan dan pelestarian obyek-obyek yang ada, karena pemandu wisata dapat menjelaskan dan menginformasikan secara tepat, be- nar, dan menarik tentang kawasan dan obyek-obyek di taman nasional, yang mem- buat pengunjung dapat mengerti dan memahami bahwa kawasan taman nasional yang dikunjunginya itu merupakan tempat istimewa yang memerlukan perlakuan khusus. Salah satu taman nasional yang telah melaksanakan kegiatan pemanduan wisa- ta alam adalah Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango. Namun pengelolaan kegi- atan pemanduan tersebut dirasakan masih sangat kurang serta belum terarah dan tera- tur, sehingga diperlukan usaha-usaha untuk mengatasi hal tersebut yang berupa penyediaan tenaga-tenaga pemandu yang profesional dan pengelolaan kegiatan pemanduan secara profesional. ...
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