Judul: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi status anemia pada ibu hamil di Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Anemia pada ibu hamil diketahui berdampak buruk, baik bagi kesehatan ibu maupun bayinya. Rasmaliah (2004) menyebutkan bahwa anemia merupakan penyebab penting yang melatarbelakangi kejadian morbiditas dan mortalitas, yaitu kematian ibu pada waktu hamil dan pada waktu melahirkan atau nifas sebagai akibat komplikasi kehamilan. Selain itu ibu hamil yang menderita anemia juga menunjukkan keadaan yang tragis, yaitu terjadinya perdarahan pada saat melahirkan. Di samping pengaruhnya kepada kematian dan perdarahan, anemia pada saat hamil akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan janin, berat bayi lahir rendah dan peningkatan kematian perinatal.
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Judul: Status anemia ibu hamil dan berat badan lahir bayi serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi di rumah sakit Persahabatan, Jakarta
Abstrak: Masalah gizi di Indonesia yang dialami oleh ibu hamil sebelum atau selama kehamilan &pat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan janin yang sedang dikandung. Hampir 50% kasus terhambatnya pertumbuhan janin disebabkan gizi ibu yang buruk yang ditandai oleh rendahnya pertambahan berat badan ibu hamil dan berat badan ibu sebelum hamil. Anemia merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan masyarakat masih banyak ditemukan pada ibu harnil. Salah satu dampak dari anemia pada ibu hamil yaitu berat badan lahir rendah.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable