Judul: Visual Condition Assessment of the Traditional House of Gadang Mandailing in North Sumatra
Abstrak: Rumah Tradisional Gadang Mandailing merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia yang unik. Rumah Gadang, Rumah Ayu, dan Rumah SD tersusun dari komponen utama kayu. Kayu yang digunakan pada setiap bangunan adalah kayu meranti (Shorea sp.). Identifikasi visual bangunan meliputi pondasi/lantai, dinding, pintu dan jendela, kolom dan atap. Identifikasi meliputi jenis kerusakan dan organisme perusak yang menyerang pada setiap komponen. Hasil identifikasi visual keandalan tiga bangunan rumah adat, yaitu Rumah Gadang 60 %, Rumah Ayu 75%, dan Rumah SD 58%, berdasarkan predikatnya Rumah Gadang dan Rumah SD masuk dalam ketegori Rusak Ringan dimana kedua bangunan mengalami kerusakan umumnya pada bagian non struktural dan Rumah Ayu masuk dalam kategori sedang dimana bangunan masih berfungsi tanpa adanya pemeliharaan rutin. Nilai kadar air rata-rata yang diperoleh pada kayu meranti (Shorea sp.) adalah 11,03%, 11,42%, 12,47 %. Berat Jenis 0,62 g/ cm3, 0,75g/ cm3, 0,75g/ cm3 dan kerapatan 0,69 g/ cm3, 0,84 g/ cm3, 0,85 g/ cm3. Organisme perusak yang ditemui setelah dilakukan pengamatan secara visual berupa serangga jenis Trigona sp., The traditional house of Gadang Mandailing is a distinctive Indonesian cultural heritage. Rumah Gadang, Rumah Ayu, and Rumah SD are constructed of wood as the main component. The wood used in each building is meranti (Shorea sp.). The wood visual condition assessment was conducted through observation on the foundation/floor, walls, doors and windows, columns and roofs. The assessment of the building reliability was analysed on the traditional house buildings, namely Gadang House 60%, Ayu House 75%, and SD House 58%. According to the level of damage, Gadang House and SD House are in Minor Damage Level category, where the two buildings underwent damage in non-structural parts. Meanwhile, Ayu House is in Medium Damage Level, where it is still functioning without routine maintenance. The average moisture content value obtained for each type of wood is 11,03%, 11,42%, 12,47 %. Specific gravity 0,62 g/ cm3, 0,75 g/ cm3, 0,75 g/ cm3 dan density 0,69 g/ cm3, 0,84 g/ cm3, 0.85 g/ cm3. Destructive organisms encountered after visual observation were insects of the Trigona sp.
Keyword: Visual assessment, building reliability, traditional house, physical properties

Judul: Visual Grading of Three Traditional Building in Aceh Province
Abstrak: Bangunan tradisional umumnya menggunakan kayu sebagai bahan baku bangunan. Penggunaan kayu sebagai bahan bangunan membuat bangunan rentan mengalami deteriorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi visual dan menduga keandalan 3 (tiga) bangunan tradisional di Provinsi Aceh. Identifikasi visual dilakukan pada komponen bangunan atap, dinding, kolom, dinding, pintu dan jendela, serta pondasi atau lantai. Identifikasi meliputi jenis kerusakan yang terjadi pada tiap komponen dan keberadaan organisme perusak. Hasil identifikasi visual menunjukkan jenis kerusakan komponen bangunan umumnya disebabkan oleh cacat berupa retak dan mata kayu. Faktor perusak yang ditemukan berupa jamur pewarna dan rayap. Hasil analisi nilai keandalan dari bangunan tradisional Rumah Maru sebesar 52%, Rumah Rungko 45%, dan Rumah Cut Nyak Dien 72%. Jenis kayu yang digunakan pada Rumah Maru adalah jenis merawan (Hopea sp.), pada Rumah Rungko adalah jenis atedwe (Crataeva sp.), dan pada Rumah Cut Nyak Dien adalah jenis balau (Shorea sp.). Nilai kadar air rerata yang diperoleh masing-masing jenis kayu adalah sebesar 11.64%, 16.47%, dan 15.73%. Nilai rerata BJ dan kerapatan masing-masing jenis kayu yang digunakan sebesar 0.91 dan 1.01 g/cm3, 0.52 dan 0.61 g/cm3, 0.75 dan 0.87 g/cm3. Rumah Maru dan Rumah Rungko masuk kategori rusak ringan, bangunan mengalami kerusakan umumnya pada bagian non struktural, sedangkan Rumah Cut Nyak Dien masuk dalam kategori sedang, bangunan masih berfungsi tanpa adanya pemeliharaan rutin., Traditional buildings generally use wood as a building material. The use of wood as a building material makes buildings easy to be deteriorating. This study aimed to evaluate the visual conditions and estimate the reliability of 3 (three) traditional buildings in Aceh Province. Visual identification was carried out on building components comprising roofs, walls, columns, doors and windows, and base or floors. Identification included the type of damage that has occurred to each component and the presence of destructive organisms. The results of visual identification show the main defects found were cheks/shakes and knots. The deteriorating factors that were found were staining fungi and termite. The reliability value of the traditional buildings of Maru House was 52%, Rungko House 45%, and Cut Nyak Dien House 72%. The wood species used in the Maru House was merawan (Hopea sp.), Rungko House atedwe (Crataeva sp.), and t Cut Nyak Dien House balau (Shorea sp.) wood. The average moisture content value was obtained by each wood species was 11.64%, 16.47%, and 15.73%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean value of SG and density were 0.91 and 1.01 g/cm3, 0.52 and 0.61 g/cm3, 0.75 and 0.87 g/cm3, respectively Maru's house and Rungko's house were in the lightly damaged category, where the buildings were generally damaged in non-structural parts. Meanwhile, the Cut Nyak Dien House was included in the medium category where the building is still functioning without routine maintenance.
Keyword: building reliability, physical properties, traditional houses, visual identification

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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