Judul: Tolerance Level of Mini Lamtoro (Desmanthus virgatus) to Salinity Stress through Tissue Culture Techniques
Abstrak: Lamtoro mini (Desmanthus virgatus) memiliki potensi tinggi sebagai sumber pakan ternak dan peluang dalam pengembangan tanaman pakan di daerah salin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tingkat toleransi tanaman Lamtoro mini terhadap cekaman salinitas pada level yang berbeda dengan teknik kultur jaringan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 25 ulangan. P0 (NaCl 0 ppm), P1 (NaCl 2500 ppm), P2 (NaCl 5000 ppm), P3 (NaCl 7500 ppm), dan P4 (NaCl 10000 ppm). Data yang dihasilkan dianalisis menggunakan software SPSS versi 26. Peubah yang diamati yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun majemuk, jumlah ranting daun, warna daun, kerontokan daun, dan viabilitas tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan NaCl dengan level lebih dari 2500 ppm berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun majemuk, jumlah ranting daun, dan warna daun, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kerontokan daun dan viabilitas tanaman. Simpulan penelitian menunjukkan tanaman Lamtoro mini memiliki tingkat toleransi terhadap cekaman salinitas hingga level 2500 ppm., Lamtoro mini (Desmanthus virgatus) has high potential as a source of animal feed and opportunities in the development of forage crops in saline areas. This study aims to obtain information about the tolerance level of Lamtoro mini to salinity stress at different levels using tissue culture techniques. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 25 replications. P0 (NaCl 0 ppm), P1 (NaCl 2500 ppm), P2 (NaCl 5000 ppm), P3 (NaCl 7500 ppm), and P4 (NaCl 10000 ppm). The resulting data were analyzed using SPSS version 26 software. The variables observed were plant height, number of compound leaves, number of leaf twigs, leaf color, leaf loss, and plant viability. The results showed that the addition of NaCl with a level of more than 2500 ppm had a significant effect on plant height, number of compound leaves, number of leaf twigs, and leaf color, but had no significant effect on leaf loss and plant viability. The conclusion of the study showed that the mini Lamtoro plant has a tolerance level of salinity stress up to a level of 2500 ppm.
Keyword: Lamtoro mini, tolerance level, salinity, tissue culture

Judul: Optimization of Colchicine Levels to Increase the Growth of Lamtoro Mini (Desmanthus virgatus) Plants through Tissue Culture
Abstrak: Kolkisin yang digunakan sebagai mutagen dapat meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman menjadi poliploidi sehingga menyebabkan tanaman berukuran lebih besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh nilai konsentrasi kolkisin yang optimal terhadap kuantitas tanaman lamtoro mini (D. virgatus) melalui kultur jaringan dengan level konsentrasi 0 ppm, 0,50 ppm, 1,00 ppm, 1,50 ppm, dan 2,00 ppm. Metode yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 25 ulangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dengan progam SPSS versi 20,0, apabila terdapat perbedaan nyata dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Duncan. Parameter yang diamati adalah viabilitas, pertambahan tinggi, jumlah tunas, jumlah daun majemuk, kerontokan daun, dan warna daun. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kolkisin diduga meningkatkan keragaman genetik tanaman yang ditandai dengan adanya keragaman pada morfologi. Dosis kolkisin 2,00 ppm diduga dapat menghasilkan tanaman poliploid ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan tinggi tanaman, jumlah tunas, jumlah daun majemuk, viabilitas tanaman, mengurangi kerontokan, dan warna daun lebih pekat., Colchicine used as a mutagen can increase plant productivity to become polyploid, causing larger plants. This study aimed to obtain the optimal value of colchicine concentration on the quantity of lamtoro mini (D. virgatus) plants through tissue culture with concentration levels of 0 ppm, 0.50 ppm, 1.00 ppm, 1.50 ppm, and 2.00 ppm. The method used was completely randomized design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 25 replications. This study uses analysis of variance (ANOVA) with SPSS version 20.0 program, if there is a significant difference, further test is carried out with Duncan. Parameters observed were viability, height increase, number of shoots, number of compound leaves, leaf loss, and leaf color. The experimental results showed that the addition of colchicine was thought to increase the genetic diversity of the plant which was indicated by the diversity in morphology. A dose of 2.00 ppm of colchicine was thought to produce polyploid plants characterized by an increase in plant height, number of shoots, number of compound leaves, plant viability, reduced shedding, and darker leaf color.
Keyword: Desmanthus virgatus, colchicine level, plant growth, tissue culture

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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