Judul: The Effect of the Explosives Quantity to Andesite Production and Ground Vibration at Mount Sudamanik, Cigudeg Subdistrict Bogor Regency.
Abstrak: The andesite rocks of Mount Sudamanik has been exploited by five mining companies that have mining business license (IUP) with a total area of mining business permit area (WIUP) covered to 113 hectares. In 2012, total andesite production of all companies was 3.98 x 106 tons at an average of 332.07 x 103 tons per month. The andesite rocks is produced from at least five times or more blasting every day. The blasting activities will result a ground vibration and noises, it caused to damaging of house construction and disruption of comfort of peoples living around the hill of Mount Sudamanik. The objectives of this study are (1) to determine the effect of explosive quantity to andesite production; (2) to determine the effect of explosives quantity and distance to the ground vibration and sound intensity of blasting to residential communities, (3 ) to assess the community perception to blasting activities. The quantitative approach method with direct measurement at blasting point was applied to assess the effect of explosives quantity, amount and depth of boring holes to andesite production, ground vibration and noise intensity of an explosion. Public perception of ground vibration, noise intensity and anxiety of explosion impact were assessed through questionnaires to 100 respondents who live in the arround of Mount Sudamanik. The results showed that the quantity of explosives usage (X) effect a positive linear respon to the andesite production (Y1) with equation model of Y1 = 4.4X + 66.4. The explosives quantity (X1) and distance (X2) simultaneously effect to the ground vibration level (Y2) as a model equations of The ground vibration due to blasting was below the quality standard of SNI 7571 : 2010. The explosives quantity and distances (r) simultaneously effect to the noise intensity level (TI) of the blasting as a equation model of TI2 = TI1 - 20 log (r2/r1). The noise intensity level of the occurred blasting was below the quality standard SNI 7570 : 2010. Respondent perceptions of the blasting impact indicates that the most feared was fly rock (58%), ground vibration (19%), obstruction of access roads at the blasting schedule (11%), the noise intensity level of the blasting (4%), and no fear of blasting impact (8%).
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Judul: Kajian Sifat Fisik, Sifat Kimia dan Sifat Biologi Tanah Paska Tambang Galian C pada Tiga Penutupan Lahan (Studi Kasus Pertambangan Pasir (Galian C) di Desa Gumulung Tonggoh, Kecamatan Astanajapura, Kabupaten Cirebon, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Introduction: Indonesia is a country that has abundance natural resources like dig substance, mineral, petroleum, gas, flora and fauna residing in the land. Sand is one of dig substance which is quite abundant on this country. This dig substance is usually exploited by open mining. Open mining has benefits for building materials, local’s occupations and increasing the local income. However, Open mining has negative impacts for wildlife, land cover loss, and land quality degradation. Because of these negative impacts, it needs to conduct a research about the effect of sand mining toward physical, chemistry, and biology soil characteristics. Methodology: Research was conducted on sands open mining at Gumulung Tonggoh village, Astanajapura district, Cirebon regency, West Java province. Instrument that used for this research are hoe, plastic poke, camera, calculator, SPSS 13.0 software. The data are primary data for land structure and secondary data for soil’s physical, chemistry, and biology characteristic. The method of this research was survey with purposive sampling which has done by ministry of state environment year 2006 and statistical data on site. Then conducted some statistical F test on soil characteristic to know whether there is significant or not from sand mining activity and after continued by Duncan’s test, locations that has significant difference can be showed. Result and Discussion: Sand Mining activities have altered soil’s physical, chemical, biology characteristics on after-mining sites in Gumulung Tonggoh village. It has been proved by significant change of bulk density value, low porosity, and rapid decrease of drainage pore. Soil’s chemical characteristic has significant change as well. There is some soil characteristic that is influenced by mining activities like change cation capability (KTK), calcium and magnesium decreasing and the increasing of phosphor inside the soil. For soil biology characteristic, only amount of soil’s microorganism that influenced by sand mining activities. It has been analyzed by significant value and have significant value < 0,05 actual rate as a result. Permeability, pH, BO, nitrogen, kalium, natrium, amount of soil’s fungi, phosphate-dissolved bacteria and soil respiration have change but not really significant as a results of statistic test. The changes of soil characteristic on this research happens because soil’s condensation as a result of using of heavy instruments. Conclusion: Sand Mining activity ( Dig C) in Gumulung Tonggoh village have altered some characteristic changes of soil’s physical, chemical and biology characteristic because of land condensation by heavy equipment use on mining activity. Based on statistical test, character that significant is bulk density value, land porosity, drainage pore very quickly, KTK, phosphor, calcium, magnesium and amount of soil microorganism. Characteristic changes on soil characteristics affect one and each other.
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Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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