Judul: Profil panggilan jaringan pintar PT.Telkom
Abstrak: Semakin banyak pelanggan telepon menghubungi nomor telepon Jaringan Pintar (Japati) menyebabkan terjadinya kesibukan panggilan telepon. Kesibukan panggilan telepon memungkinkan banyaknya panggilan yang tidak tersambung atau tidak terjawab. Hal ini akan mempengaruhi nilai Answer Seizure Ratio (ASR) sehingga terjadinya kesibukan panggilan telepon perlu diantisipasi untuk mengendalikan nilai ASR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan hari sibuk panggilan Japati dan mengetahui jenis panggilan yang mempengaruhi nilai ASR panggilan Japati di masing-masing divisi regional. Pada bulan Agustus 1998 terjadi 360122 bid dengan nilai ASR mencapai rata-rata 50.84 %. Bari sibuk panggilan Japati terjadi pada hari Kamis, sedangkan jam sibuk terjadi pada sore hari. Jenis panggilan yang mempengaruhi nilai ASR adalah answered call. Divisi regional 5 Jawa Timur mempunyai proporsi answered call yang besar dibanding divisi regional yang lain sehingga nilai ASR-nya lebih tinggi dibanding divisi regional lainnya. Call di sirkit panggilan Japati kurang efektif, terutarna pada divisi regional 2 Jakarta. Untuk meminimumkan biaya operasi jumlah sirkit yang diaktifkan perlu disesuaikan dengan banyaknya panggilan Japati yang terjadi.
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Judul: Pengaruh Curah Hujan terhadap Gangguan Jaringan PT. Telkom Bogor
Abstrak: Communication using telecommunication may be exposed to disturbance such as connection interruption, disconnection, etc. Climate is considered as one factor affecting these conditions. Too much rainfall may lead to floods that inundate telephone network and finally damage the network. However, the climatic factor has not been taken much into consideration by the telecommunication companies in designing network system. This study aims to assess the relationship between rainfall and level of disturbance of the telecommunication services. This study assessed three types of services, namely PSTN (home telephone), TDSL (internet services), and ISDN (digital services). There were 31 types of disturbances being assessed in the three services. The data of disturbance was collected on daily basis from 2007 to 2008. This study used principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the number of disturbances into a number of principal components explaining most of the disturbances types. This study found that type of disturbance which frequently occurred was ‘no connecting tone’ (81.4%). Type of telecommunication services being disturbed mostly is PSTN. Types of disturbance can be seen from the factors causing the disturbance and location where disturbance factors occurred. Based on the disturbance factors, corrosion was the most common factor causing the disturbance (38.9%) and based on the location, dropwire was the most common one (35.7%). The analysis suggested that rainfall variability has significant relationship only with certain types of disturbances. At Cibinong, rainfall significantly affected the telecommunication services through its effects on 'network maintenance', 'dashed voice' and 'arrears'. At Dayeuh, rainfall significantly affected the services through its effect on 'SLI disconnection'. At Citeko, rainfall significantly affected the telecommunication services through its effects on 'MMA interruption', 'internet access error', 'browsing error', 'can't be called', 'bell error', 'no connecting tone', 'dashed voice' and 'mussy wiring'. At Jasinga, rainfall significantly didn't affect to any types of network interruption. At Bogor, rainfall significantly affected the telecommunication services through its effects on 'MMA interruption', 'internet access error', 'PCM interruption', 'browsing error', 'can't be called', 'bell error', 'no connecting tone', 'there were connecting tone but no answer', 'dashed voice', and 'mussy wiring'. Based on this study, it is recommended that the PT. Telkom Bogor may need to consider rainfall in designing the wire system particularly outdoor wire. Types of wire for outdoor should be high quality and anti-corrosion. To improve this study, it is recommended to include relative humidity and extreme climate as other climatic factors causing the disturbance.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell