Judul: Pengaruh Substitusi Bahan Baku terhadap Karakteristik Bakso
Abstrak: Bakso merupakan produk pangan berbentuk bulat atau lain, yang diperoleh dari campuran bahan baku berupa daging, pati tapioka, bumbu dan es batu atau air es. Bakso yang baik memiliki tekstur yang kenyal. Telaah pustaka ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh subtitusi bahan baku terhadap karakteristik bakso. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah telaah pustaka. Hasil telaah pustaka menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung bekatul dan campuran tepung buah lindur, sebagai substitusi dari tapioka menghasilkan bakso ikan lele dengan tekstur yang kenyal. Penambahaan tepung ubi jalar, mocaf dan pati talas kimpul termodifikasi sebagai substitusi dari tapioka menghasilkan bakso ayam dengan tekstur yang kenyal sedangkan penambahan pati biji durian dan tepung ubi jalar kuning membuat bakso ayam yang dihasilkan bertekstur tidak kenyal. Penambahan tepung porang juga menghailkan tekstur bakso itik yang tidak kenyal. Penambahan pati biji durian dan tepung talas juga mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas warna bakso ayam yang dihasilkan. Penambahan tepung mocaf 20% dan jamur tiram 30% menghasilkan rasa bakso ayam yang paling disukai panelis., Meatballs are round shaped food products, which are obtained from a mixture of raw materials, i.e., meat, tapioca starch, spices and ice cubes or ice water. Good meatballs have a chewy texture This literature review aimed to determine the effect of substituting raw materials on the characteristics of meatballs. The method used in this study was a literature review. The results of the literature review showed that the addition of bran flour and a mixture of lindur fruit flour, as substitutes for tapioca, produced catfish meatballs with a chewy texture. The addition of sweet potato flour, mocaf, and modified taro starch as substitutes for tapioca produced chicken meatballs with a chewy texture, while the addition of durian seed starch and yellow sweet potato flour made the resulting chicken meatballs not chewy. The addition of konjac flour also resulted in the texture of duck meatballs that were not chewy. Furthermore, the addition of durian seed starch and taro flour led to a decrease in the color quality of the chicken meatballs produced. Additionally, the addition of 20% mocaf flour and 30% oyster mushrooms yielded the chicken meatball flavor that the panelists liked the most.
Keyword: Characteristics, Color, Meatballs, Substitution, Texture

Judul: Physicochemical and Sensory Properties of Beef Meatball with Addition of Breadfruit Flour (Artocarpus altilis)
Abstrak: Tepung sukun memiliki kemiripan dengan tepung dalam hal kandungan patinya, yaitu amilosa dan amilopektin, sehingga dapat mensubstitusi tepung tapioka sebagai bahan pengisi makanan, salah satunya bakso. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan tepung sukun terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia bakso daging sapi yang diberi penambahan tepung sukun dan menentukan formula terbaik bakso dengan penambahan tepung sukun sebagai pengisi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan tiga kali pengulangan pembuatan bakso. Faktor tersebut adalah kombinasi persentase penggunaan tepung sukun dan tepung tapioka yang terdiri atas P0 (100% tepung tapioka), P1 (tepung sukun 25% dan tepung tapioka 75%), P2 (tepung sukun 50% dan tepung tapioka 50%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakso dengan penambahan tepung sukun berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap nilai pH, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, nilai aw dan kekenyalan. Uji hedonik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung sukun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter warna, aroma, rasa dan kekenyalan. Hasil uji mutu hedonik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung sukun berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap intensitas kecerahan dan intensitas kekenyalan bakso sapi. Bakso dengan penambahan tepung sukun dapat meningkatkan intensitas kecerahan dan kekenyalan bakso. Penggunaan tepung sukun sebagai substitusi tepung tapioka sebesar 50% menghasilkan mutu bakso yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol berdasarkan intensitas kecerahan dan intensitas kekenyalan bakso sapi., Breadfruit flour is similar to flour in terms of its starch content, namely amylose and amylopectin, so it can substitute tapioca flour as a food filler, one of which is meatball. This study aims to analyze the effects of using breadfruit flour on the physical and chemical properties of meatballs to which breadfruit flour is added and to identify the best formula for meatballs with the addition of breadfruit flour as a filler. This study used a fully randomized design with one factor with three replicates in the manufacture of meatballs. This factor is the combination of the percentage use of breadfruit flour and tapioca flour, consisting of P0 (100% tapioca flour), P1 (25% breadfruit flour and 75% tapioca flour), P2 (50% breadfruit flour and 50% tapioca flour). The results showed that the meatball with the addition of breadfruit flour had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the pH value, but no significant effect on the water content, the aw value and the elasticity. The hedonic test showed that the addition of breadfruit flour had no significant effect on the parameters color, aroma, taste and the elasticity. The results of the hedonic quality test showed that the addition of breadfruit flour had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the intensity of brightness and elasticity of the meatballs. Meatballs with the addition of breadfruit flour can increase the intensity of the brightness and elasticity of the meatballs. The use of breadfruit flour as a substitute for tapioca flour by 50% resulted in a better quality of the meatballs compared to controls based on the intensity of the brightness and elasticity of the meatball.
Keyword: bakso, sukun, tepung sukun

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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