Judul: Sistem Penunjang Keputusan untuk Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Limbah Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
Abstrak: Indonesian palm oil industry continues to experience a significant growth from year to year. The quantity of palm oil mill waste will be increased along with the development of the palm oil industry. Currently, various methods of processing and utilization of palm oil mill waste have been developed. Palm oil mill wastes have very large potential utilization so it can be financially profitable. However, in reality, most of the oil palm industry in Indonesia was not too interested with the methods of processing and utilization that have been developed because the implementation costs are relatively very expensive compared with conventional methods that they employ. On the other hand, quite many methods of waste processing and utilization of oil mills available today make the palm oil industry side needs to consider various factors in choosing the method will be applied to a selected method that can be applied appropriately and optimally. The purpose of this research is to develop a model system to help the oil palm industry side in the process of choosing a method of processing and utilization of palm oil mill waste. In addition, also presented information about the values of the utilization of palm oil mill waste so that expected value of applying a method of palm oil mill waste treatment is not only seen from the cost of implementation but also can be seen from the value of benefits to be obtained later. This research focused on optimizing utilization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and empty fruit bunch (EFB). Several factors are considered in the selection process of treatment and the utilization method of palm oil mill waste. They are cost of processing and utilization of palm oil mill waste, the capacity of waste, capacity of processed waste products that can be utilized by the oil mills, and the value of benefits that can be obtained from that utilization. In addition, the level of achievement for purposes of processing and optimizing the utilization of palm oil mill waste should be considered too, they are implementing the handing method of palm oil mill waste with minimum cost, could minimize environmental pollution level, and could maximize profit that was obtained from waste utilization. The developed model is a decision support system model for optimization of waste utilization of palm oil mill waste. This model was implemented in computerized model system that is named PW Optima 1.0. PW Optima 1.0 program package has a model base management system, which consists of the analysis of the cost of handling waste model and optimization of waste utilization model. Analysis of the cost of handling waste model using a heuristic method to determine the value of fixed costs, non-fixed costs, operating costs and cost of goods from the application of processing and utilization methods of palm oil mill waste. Optimization of waste utilization model serve to produce recommendations in the form of waste processing and utilization methods that will applied. Objective function and constraint functions were formulated by using goal programming (GP) method combined with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Then, the optimal
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Judul: Kajian Produk Turunan Industrial Palm Oil (IPO) dan Pengolahan Limbah pada Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Skala Miniplant
Abstrak: Minyak sawit merupakan komoditas ekspor utama yang memiliki banyak manfaat serta berpotensi meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia. Pendirian pabrik kelapa sawit skala miniplant mampu meningkatkan pendapatan petani akibat pemangkasan biaya distribusi dan rantai pasok yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji produk Indusrial Palm Oil (IPO) yang potensial untuk di produksi pada pabrik kelapa sawit skala miniplant serta membuat kajian pengolahan limbah yang dihasilkan dari proses pengolahan produk sehingga pabrik yang didirikan dapat beroperasi secara efisien dan menguntungkan serta ramah lingkungan. Metode penelitian menggunakan kombinasi bentuk kualitatif sebagai data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara dan bentuk kuantitatif sebagai data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah informasi produk-produk yang potensial untuk diproduksi oleh pabrik skala miniplant yaitu Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Red Palm Oil (RPO), Palm Kernel (PK) dan produk energi (biodiesel dan Pure Plant Oil) dan juga kajian pengolahan dan pemanfaatan limbah cair dan limbah padat dari proses produksi., Oil Palm oil was a major export commodity that has many benefits and has the potential to improve the Indonesian economy. The establishment of a miniplant-scale palm oil mill is able to increase farmers income due to cutting distribution costs and a long supply chain. This study aims to examine Industrial Palm Oil (IPO) potential products to be produced in miniplant scale palm oil mills and to study the processing of waste generated from the product processing so that the established factories can operate efficiently and profitably and are environmentally friendly. The research method uses a combination of qualitative forms as primary data obtained from observations and interviews and quantitative forms as secondary data obtained through literature studies. The results obtained are information on potential products to be produced by miniplant scale factories, namely Crude Palm Oil (CPO), Red Palm Oil (RPO), Palm Kernel (PK) and energy products (biodiesel and Pure Plant Oil) as well as processing studies and utilization of liquid waste and solid waste from the production process.
Keyword: Crude Palm Oil, Palm Kernel, Red Palm Oil, Waste

Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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