Judul: Dampak Landreform Dari Bawah (By Leverage), Dan Arah Transfer Manfaat Dalam Kebijakan Program Pembaruan Agraria Nasional (Studi Kasus Organisasi Tani Lokal Banjaranyar Ii Desa Banjaranyar Dan Organisasi Tani Lokal Pasawahan Ii Desa Pasawahan Kecamatan Banjarsari, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: To create an equity land structure, it’s necessary to change the agrarian structure to increase community wealth. It called landreform. The purpose of this research was to identification land conflict, processes in implementation landreform by leverage, implementation of National Agrarian Reform Program (PPAN), and trajectories of change and reform in land policies in OTL Banjaranyar II and OTL Pasawahan II. The number of respondents in this research were 30 people for each OTL with stratified random sampling. In general, the implementation of land occupation at these place called landreform by leverage integration (at OTL Banjaranyar II) and annexation (at OTL Pasawahan II) type. National Agrarian Reform Program was implemented at Banjaranyar, whereas at Pasawahan it still on process. Impelentation of landreform by leverage and the National Agrarian Reform Program gave social impact, the change of agrarian structure and wealth for people at these place. The trajectories of change and reform in land policies is redistribution.
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Judul: Perubahan Kelembagaan dan Kesejahteraan Petani Pasca Reclaim (Kasus Organisasi Tani Lokal Pasawahan II, Desa Pasawahan, Kecamatan Banjarsari, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Reclaiming is an action to get an equity of community right. Reclaiming mostly called an anarchic movement. Reclaiming divided by three step, pre reclaiming, reclaiming, and post reclaiming. The focus of this research is the post reclaiming step. The objective of this research is to analyze agricultural organization of land distribution, inter-farmer relationship, and land certification process in Organisasi Tani Lokal Pasawahan II, Ciamis. Another objective is to analyze the level of farmer social welfare who joined in Organisasi Tani Lokal Pasawahan II after they got the land. The research applied a combination of qualitative and quantitative approach. The quantitative data were collected by using survey method on 40 sample. The sample were selected by using stratified random sampling based on they extensive land. The qualitative data were collected by in-depth interview, Focus Group Discussion and observation. The respondent were selected by using snowball method. The output of this research showed that level of community health is low. This is showed by a fact that majority of farmer just have a tight land and low level of community income. In addition, there is a low of organization. Transferred of land inter member showed a weak control and rules from this organization.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity