Judul: Production and Bioactivity of Recombinant Protein for Growth Hormone of Three Cultured Fish Species
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam keberhasilan usaha budidaya perikanan. Pertumbuhan yang lambat akan menyebabkan lamanya waktu pemeliharaan dan besarnya biaya yang harus dikeluarkan, lamanya waktu pemeliharaan juga akan meningkatkan resiko-resiko dalam pemeliharaan, seperti terserang penyakit, kematian massal, dan sebagainya. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pemberian protein rekombinan hormon pertumbuhan (rGH) untuk meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan. Pada penelitian ini, protein rGH dari ikan kerapu kertang (Epinephelus lanceolatus), ikan gurame (Osphronemus gouramy) dan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) diproduksi dengan teknologi protein rekombinan melalui bakteri E. coli. Bioaktivitas rGH diuji dengan mengamati pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) yang diinjeksi dengan rGH tersebut dibandingkan dengan ikan yang hanya diinjeksi dengan PBS atau protein dari pCold 1 tanpa fragmen DNA GH. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan ikan-ikan budidaya. Tahapan dalam memproduksi rGH dari ikan kerapu kertang, ikan gurame, dan ikan mas adalah fragmen DNA penyandi protein GH mature (mGH) dari masing-masing ikan diamplifikasi dengan PCR dengan cetakan plasmid pGEM-T Easy yang mengandung cDNA yang telah diisolasi dari ikan kerapu kertang (Mulyadi et al. 2008), ikan gurame (Nugroho et al. 2007), dan ikan mas berdasarkan database Bank Gen no. akses M27000. Primer yang digunakan untuk amplifikasi mGH ikan kerapu kertang (El-mGH) adalah primer forward El-mGH-F 5’- ctcgag cag cca atc aca gac ggc cag - 3’ dan primer reverse El-mGH-R 5’- aagctt cta cag ggt aca gtt ggc ctc agg - 3’ yang masing-masing dilengkapi dengan situs restriksi XhoI dan HindIII (digaris bawahi dan dicetak tebal). Primer untuk amplifikasi fragmen DNA GH mature ikan gurame (Og-mGH) adalah primer forward Og-mGH-F 5’- ggatcc cag cca atc aca gac agc cag - 3’ dan reverse Og-mGH-R 5’- gaattc cta cag agt gca gtt agc ttc tgg - 3’ yang dilengkapi dengan situs restriksi BamHI dan EcoRI. Selanjutnya primer untuk amplifikasi fragmen DNA GH mature ikan mas (Cc-mGH) adalah primer forward Cc-mGH-F 5’- ggatcc tca gac aac cag cgg ctc ttc - 3’ dan reverse Cc-mGH-R 5’- gtcgac cta cag ggt gca gtt gga atc cag - 3’ yang dilengkapi dengan situs restriksi BamHI dan SalI.
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Judul: Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Responses of Giant Gourami Juvenile Treated by Recombinant Growth Hormone
Abstrak: Ikan gurame (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) merupakan salah satu spesies target revitalisasi perikanan untuk tujuan konsumsi dalam negeri yang produksinya ditargetkan meningkat sekitar 4% per tahun pada tahun 2014. Kendala utama dalam mewujudkan target tersebut adalah laju pertumbuhan somatik ikan gurame yang relatif rendah, yang membutuhkan waktu sekitar 1,5 tahun untuk mencapai ukuran konsumsi (300-500 gram). Target produksi tersebut dapat diwujudkan antara lain melalui penerapan peningkatan kecepatan pertumbuhan ikan gurame menggunakan protein hormon pertumbuhan rekombinan (rGH). Protein rGH telah terbukti mampu memacu pertumbuhan ikan, udang, dan kekerangan, sehingga berdasarkan hal tersebut percobaan ini dilakukan. rGH ikan mas (rCcGH) dan ikan kerapu kertang (rElGH) diekspresikan pada bakteri Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3), diekstraksi dan kemudian diujikan ke benih ikan gurame melalui perendaman untuk memacu pertumbuhannya. Jenis rGH yang memberikan efek pertumbuhan terbaik digunakan pada penelitian selanjutnya untuk menganalisis efeknya terhadap proses metabolisme dan ekspresi gen insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) dan growth hormone receptors (GHRs). Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan kloning gen IGF-1 dan perancangan primer spesifik IGFs dan GHRs ikan gurame untuk analisis kuantitatif polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pada tahap akhir penelitian dilakukan uji biokimia untuk mengevaluasi status nutrisi, potensi alergi, dan analisis performa otot daging dan beberapa organ dalam ikan gurame., Aquaculture production of giant gourami in Indonesia is targeted to increase by 4% per year. The main constraint to meet the goal is slow growth of giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy Lac, which takes nearly 1.5 years to grow to a market size of 300-500 g. The target can be achieved by using recombinant growth hormone (rGH) to enhance growth of juvenile. The research was divided into four chapters: (1) analysis of growth and biochemical responses of giant gourami juvenile immersed in recombinant Cyprinus carpio growth gormone with different dosages, (2) analysis of growth, metabolism, and molecular responses of giant gourami juvenile immersed by recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus (rElGH) and Cyprinus carpio growth hormone (rCcGH), (3) cloning of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-1) gene and designing specific primer for quatitative PCR (qPCR), (4) evaluation of nutritional properties, allergenic potential, and histological performance of giant gourami immersed with rElGH. The results showed that both rElGH and rCcGH could promote growth gain of juvenile giant gourami. The juveniles immersed by 0.03 mg L-1 rElGH was more efficient and effective to enhance the growth of giant gourami juvenile over 120 mg L-1 rCcGH. The rGH has gluconeogenesis effect, in the muscle and liver rGH stimulates triglyceride uptake by enhancing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and its subsequent storage. The effects of rGH on carbohydrate metabolism may be mediated indirectly via the antagonism of insulin action.
Keyword: Giant gourami, growth hormone, immersion, growth, metabolism, IGF- 1, fatty acid, amino acid, histological performance, histamine

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite