Judul: Ekstraksi DNA Rongga Mulut Secara Cepat dan Mudah untuk Deferensiasi Alel fto.
Abstrak: Sel epitel rongga mulut yang diperoleh dari sampel mouthwash memiliki konsentrasi DNA yang lebih besar dibandingkan metode lainnya. Laporan ini merupakan hasil penelitian metode isolasi DNA dari sel rongga mulut yang bersifat tidak invasive dan lebih singkat. Sampel mouthwash diperoleh dari 37 orang dewasa dengan rentang usia 19-25 tahun. Dua metode berbeda yakni QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit dan fenol-klorofom dibandingkan kemampuannya dalam memproses sampel mouthwash. Selanjutnya hasil analisis dari sampel mouthwash dikonfirmasi dengan hasil yang berasal dari sampel darah dan keduanya memiliki hasil yang sama. Setelah disimpan selama tujuh hari, sampel masih dapat dianalisis. Sehingga metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berpotensi untuk keperluan studi gen fto di masa yang akan datang dengan beberapa keuntungan yakni prosedur yang tidak invasive dan waktu pemrosesan yang lebih singkat.
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Judul: Optimalisasi hasil ekstraksi dna dari darah segar sapi menggunakan high salt method dengan perbandingan darah dan lisis buffer pada kecepatan sentrifugasi berbeda
Abstrak: Deoxyribonucleic acid is genetic materials that inherited from one generation to next generation. DNA can be obtained from all body parts of animal, such as tissue and blood. Blood is one of DNA sources that is usually used because of its simple collection. There are several methods to extract DNA, one of which is a high salt method that used in this experiment. The aim of this experiment was to determine the optimal combination of whole blood and buffer lysis ratio at different centrifugation speed (rpm) to obtain optimal DNA products with high quality. Fresh whole blood of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattle was collected by using a vacuum tube containing 15% EDTA with a 18G needle to suck the blood from tail vena with amount of ± 9 ml per head. The whole blood was collected from four FH cows. A 3x2 factorial completely random design was used in this experiment. The first factor was three combinations of whole blood and buffer lysis volume (ml), which was 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. The second factor was centrifugation speed, i.e. 2,500 rpm and 3,500 rpm. Therefore, there were six combination treatments with four replications of each combination treatment. Data of DNA concentration and purity was observed from Genequant DNA calculator at 260 Å and 280 Å wave length. The quality of DNA was obtained from running DNA through electrophorosis of 0.8% gel agarose and electricity flow of 100 voltages for an hour. The DNA concentration and purity were analyzed by ANOVA. The differences among treatments were tested by Tukey test at = 0.05. The result showed that there was no significant effect of whole blood and buffer lysis combination on DNA concentration and purity. Centrifugation speed had a significant effect on DNA concentration (P<0.05) but did not affect their purity. DNA quality was good because it had a single band. Keywords: blood, DNA, centrifugation speed, lysis buffer, high salt method, cow
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Judul: Model Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Perkotaan Berdasarkan Geografi Ekonomi
Abstrak: In economic activity, economic growth means increasing production of goods and services. Economic geography is economic system with respect to spatial dimension. Rapid economic development and structural changes such as rents, residential area, and transportation systems are indicators of progressivity of a country and its economics. A country is said to progress when the production rate of goods and services are increasing, then the volume of goods and services produced are also increasing from time to time. Neoclassical theory of economic growth depends on the increased the supply of factors of production and the rate of technological progress. The production factors are labor and capital. Domar in 1948 stated that production output is a function of capital. As a result, labor is always combined with capital on fixed proportion. Solow in 1956 added labour as one of the variables of production function. This study aims to examine the dynamics of urban growth model based on economic geography, i.e. study of the economic system based on the location and geographical conditions. The urban economic growth model considers the urban area to be divided into two areas, namely residential area and central business district. Urban area is assumed to have centralized workforce and multi sector economic system. The main economic activity in the central business district is production. On the other hand, consumption and saving activities are carried out in the residential area. More over people need to travel from residential area to the business district in their economic activities. This study will also examine the equilibrium solutions of the model and then give simulation on the model. The results of theoretical study show that the dynamic system of urban economic growth model is formulated in the form of linear system of first order differential equations. The variables which determine economic growth are the accumulation of capital and labor inputs. The equilibrium of these variables can be determined. Capital accumulation shows a pattern that follows an exponential function. Simulation study give the following results. The characteristics of urban economic growth are confirmed by the fact that when the elasticity of the urban industrial sector capital increases, then production output of the two sectors, both industrial and service sector, are increased. The industrial production increases sharply, while the service sector production output is relatively stagnant and then increased with a slower rate compared to the industrial sector. Increased elasticity of capital in industrial sector also tends to increase the income of urban residents, the labor wages, and the capital of both sectors. However, housing consumption tends to fall with increases in industrial sector capital elasticity. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate the spatial and temporal changes in urban land rental values tend to decrease with increasing distance from the central business district and increasing time. Highest land rent is in a location that has the shortest distance to the central business district. The simulations also show increase in consumption following the increase in distance from the central business district. This suggests that the further away from the business district, the more people who rent or buy housing.
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