Judul: Proses Pengambilan Keputusan Migrasi dan Adaptasi Migran Sirkuler Pedagang Kaki Lima di Kecamatan Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan
Abstrak: The research is intended to study (1) the process of decision making of circular migrants; (2) the process of adaptation of the circular migrants; and (3) the change of social-economic and cultural aspects of circular migrant households. The research shows some factors that significantly influence the process of decision making to migrate in accord with the theory developed by Lee, i.e. (1) the factor originate from the migrants’ homeland as the pushing ones; (2) the factor of the migration destination as the pulling ones; (3) the aspect of obstruction; and (4) the personal factor. In addition to the four factors, this study shows a new aspect accelerates the migration process, i.e. the power of social network among migrants comprising of the earlier migrants who have succeeded in their migration. However, the economic motive and personal decision are two factors which could not be abandoned. The accomplishment of the adaptation is generally induced by personal characters: strong personality, durability, persistence and gallantry to live a difficult life. The external factor strengthening the process of adaptation of the migrants in their new milieu is the availability of the people originally from the same homeland. The success of the circular migrants is also influenced by their ability to maintain and develop certain institutions. They are comprising of (1) entrepreneurial institutions with their networks; (2) the system of remittent transfer; (3) saving and loaning institutions; and (4) social security system. The circular migrants working as moving vendors (PKL) are generally getting additional values as the better change of their social, economic and cultural household aspects. The change is known through several indicators: (1) the improved quality or quantity of their dwellings in their homeland; (2) the increase of their properties or jewelries; (3) the trend of self-ownership among the moving vendors’ businesses; (4) the trend of business income of the moving vendors; (5) the trend of the average of remittent nominal; (6) the trend of marital status of the moving vendors; and (7) the change of the behavioral aspects of the circular migrants from traditional pattern into the more modern one.
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Judul: Pengaruh Migrasi Sirkuler Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Rumah Tangga Petani
Abstrak: The objectives of this research was to identify the push and pull factors that influence household decisions farmers circular migration, as well as analyzing the effect arising from circular migration to changes in children's education, social roles, patterns of farmers working hours, and the division of labor in farm households. The research was conducted in the Desa Pamanukan Hilir, Kecamatan Pamanukan, Kabupaten Subang. The research uses a quantitative approach to qualitative data supported by survey research methods. In the study it was found that circular migration affects the social conditions of farming households, among them: 1) The main factor farmers kepememiliki circular migration due to lack of land that affect the level of income (economics); (2) Farmers who migrated circularly adjust the division of labor in the household; (3) Households of migrant farmers have more motivation to achieve higher education of children; (4) Farmers use the grace period to work outside the agricultural sector, which affects the reduction of working hours in farming; and (5) Most of the social role of husband and wife when the husband is replaced doing migration.
Keyword: social role, division of labor, change in hours of work, the level of education of children, circular migration, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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