Judul: Genetic Variation of Agronomic Characteristics and Amylose Content in F3 Population of Sorghum Pulut 3 × Kawali
Abstrak: Sorgum adalah salah satu jenis tanaman pangan yang berpotensi dalam menggantikan beras sebagai pangan fungsional dan memenuhi diversifikasi pangan nasional. Pengembangan sorgum dalam meningkatkan hasil dan kualitas tekstur nasi yang dihasilkan masih perlu dilakukan agar lebih mudah diterima oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keragaman genetik karakter agronomi serta melihat tipe sorgum berdasarkan kandungan amilosa pada populasi F3 Pulut 3 × Kawali. Penelitian menggunakan metode Single Seed Descent (SSD) dan dilaksanakan di Kebun Balai Besar Pengujian Standar Instrumen Bioteknologi dan SDG Pertanian (BBPSI), Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Kabupaten Bogor pada bulan Agustus hingga bulan Desember 2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keragaman karakter kualitatif maupun kuantitatif berdasarkan analisis nilai tengah, khi-kuadrat, skewness and kurtosis, heritabilitas arti luas dan dendogram. Karakter yang ditemukan pada F3 tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan tanaman tetua. Kandungan amilosa yang bertipe waxy mengikuti nisbah mendel 3:1 berdasarkan pengujian pewarnaan iodin pada endosperma biji. Aksi gen yang ditemukan yaitu dominan, epistasis, dan aditif dengan jumlah gen yang banyak atau sedikit. Karakter yang diamati dikelompokkan menggunakan dendogram kedalam beberapa klaster berdasarkan karakter dominan dan korelasi antar karakternya.
Keyword: clusters, genetic variation, iodine staining, single seed descent

Judul: Variability of Agronomic and Amylose  Content of F2 Population of Sorghum Derived from a Cross Pulut 3 × Kawali
Abstrak: Sorgum adalah tanaman pangan terpenting kelima di dunia dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan dan bioenergi. Agar sorgum dapat diterima sebagai sorgum pangan, khususnya sebagai beras, maka perlu dilakukan perbaikan kadar amilosa melalui kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman, yaitu mengembangkan varietas sorgum dengan tipe heterowaxy. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi tentang keragaman genetik pada karakter agronomi dan kandungan amilosa pada generasi F2 sorgum Pulut 3 × Kawali. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari bulan Februari sampai Juni 2022 di Kebun Percobaan Cikarawang, Dramaga Bogor. Bahan genetik yang digunakan populasi F2 sorgum Pulut 3 × Kawali, 2 tetua dan 9 pembanding. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai tengah karakter populasi F2 sorgum Pulut 3 × Kawali berbeda nyata terhadap kedua tetua. Hasil uji lanjut DMRT menunjukkan adanya perbedaan karakter antara genotipe pembanding dan tetua. Analisis kurtosis menunjukkan karakter dikendalikan oleh sedikit gen dan banyak gen serta analisis skewness menunjukkan karakter dikendalikan oleh tipe aksi gen dominan, aditif, epistasis komplementer dan espistasis duplikat. Analisis heritabilitas arti luas bervariasi dari rendah, sedang, tinggi. Hasil dari karakter kualitatif keberadaan amilosa pada pewarnaan biji menunjukkan bahwa hasil dikendalikan oleh satu pasang gen dominan., Sorghum is the fifth most important food crop in the world and it can be used as food, feed and bioenergy. To be accepted as food, especially as rice, it is necessary to improve the amylose content through plant breeding activities to develop sorghum varieties with heterowaxy types. The purpose of this study was to obtain information on genetic variation in agronomic characters and amylose content in F2 shorgum generation. The research was conducted from February to June 2022 at Cikarawang experimental field, Dramaga Bogor. The genetic materiasl used were F2 shorgum population Pulut 3 × Kawali, 2 parents, and 9 comparisons. The results showed that the mean value of the population character F2 shorgum Pulut 3 × Kawali was significantly different from the two parents. The results of the DMRT test showed differences between the comparison and parental genotypes. Kurtosis analysis indicates that the observed characters controlled by few and many genes. Meanwhile, skewness analysis showed that the characters were controlled by dominance, additive, and epistasis genes action. Heritability analysis was vary low to high. The presence amylose based on seed staining showed that character controlled by one pair of dominance genes.
Keyword: breeding, heterowaxy, F2 population, sorghum, variability

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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