Judul: Beban pencemaran limbah cair Industri Kecil Menengah (IKM) Batik di Klaster Trusmi Kabupaten  Cirebon
Abstrak: Growing number of Batik SMEs in Indonesia is started since UNESCO announced batik as world heritage in 2009. However, this condition lead to some negative impact including water pollution. In order to enhance wastewater pollution prevention management from batik SMEs, yet pollution load inventory data is needed. This research aimed to estimate total wastewater pollution load generated from Trusmi cluster at Cirebon district by calculating pollution load factor per unit product of some key parameters such as BOD5, COD, and TSS. Considering the type of dyestuff (Naphtol and Indigosol) and also type of fabric (Cotton and Silk), pollution load factor can be calculated based on the quantity and quality of all batik production processes (coloring, wax removal, and rinsing). The collected wastewater represent two meter of batik product that have three colors (red, black and blue). The coloring recipes of each color decided trough consensus of batik producers which represent the most common recipes used by Trusmi clusters SMEs. The value of wastewater pollution load calculated by multiplying wastewater concentration with the volume in each processes, and then divided by the long of the fabric that produced. By using experimental design with two variables and three time repetition, and followed by two ways ANOVA with 90% confidential level, it can be known that the variable that affect the value of BOD5 and TSS pollution load parameters is type of fabric, and COD pollution load value affected by the type of dyestuff variable. Therefore the values of wastewater pollution load factors for BOD5 parameter is 41,6 ± 37,5 g/m for cotton material and 84,0 ± 35,1 g/m for silk material; the value of wastewater pollution load factors for TSS parameter is 19,0 ± 9,29 g/m for cotton material and 40,5 ± 25,8 g/m for silk material; the pollution load factors for COD parameter is 739 ± 436 g/m for Naphtol dyestuff and 295 ± 164 g/m Indigosol dyestuff. By multiplying these pollution load factor with the overall capacity of batik production in Trusmi Cluster, it can be estimated that the total wastewater pollution load from batik production in Trusmi Cluster are 5,9- 39,5 ton/year for BOD5 parameter, 112-426 ton/year for COD parameter, and 4,88-16,3 ton/year for TSS parameter.
Keyword: Batik, wastewater, SMEs Cluster, Pollution Load Factor

Judul: Study on Cleaner Production Implementation and Layout Improvement at X Batik Industry in Banten
Abstrak: Limbah cair dari proses pewarnaan industri batik pewarna sintetis menyebabkan permasalahan yang serius ke lingkungan, karena termasuk ke dalam limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian penerapan produksi bersih agar dicapai industri batik pewarna sintetis yang ramah lingkungan dan berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di industri batik X, di Banten. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah quick scan untuk mengidentifikasi limbah dari proses produksi. Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial (MPE), skoring, dan fishbone diagram untuk menentukan dan mengkategorikan permasalahan industri batik yang harus diperhatikan, dan perbaikan tata letak industri dilakukan untuk membuat pergerakan pekerja menjadi efisien dan efektif sehingga meminimalkan tumpahan pewarna. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa permasalahan industri batik paling besar dipengaruhi oleh aspek lingkungan, disusul aspek ekonomi dan sosial. Alternatif penerapan produksi bersih yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakan pewarna alami, menggunakan kembali pewarna sintetis untuk mewarnai benang nilon rajut dan menerapkan good housekeeping yang baik., Liquid waste from the dyeing process of the synthetic dye batik industry causes serious problems to the environment because it is included in the waste of hazardous and toxic materials. This study aims to study the application of cleaner production to achieve an environmentally friendly and sustainable synthetic dye batik industry. This research was conducted in the batik industry X, in Banten. The method used in this research is a quick scan to identify waste from the production process. Exponential Comparison Method (ECM), scoring, and fishbone diagrams to determine and categorize batik industry problems that must be considered and improvement of industrial layout to make workers movement efficient and effective thereby minimizing dye spills. The results of the analysis show that the problems of the batik industry are most influenced by environmental aspects, followed by economic and social aspects. Alternatives for implementing cleaner production that can be done are using natural dyes, reusing synthetic dyes for dyeing nylon knitting yarns, and applying good housekeeping.
Keyword: Aspek Lingkungan, Pewarna Sintetis, Produksi Bersih

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii