Judul: Strategi Nafkah Rumahtangga Buruh Perkebunan Desa Patengan, Kecamatan Rancabali, Kabupaten Bandung
Abstrak: Plantation closely related to the history, politics, and socio-economic situation from the colonial period until now. Social construction that was built under history influence and domination of land tenure pattern by the Government had become a polemic for plantation labor households to overcome poverty. The purpose of this study was to analyze the public access to the plantation land, to analyze the livelihood strategy form applied by the plantation workes household against plantation, agriculture and non-agriculture sector based income. Meanwhile, it also aimed to analyze the livelihood structure of workers in plantation land as well as the relationship of livelihood structure of the plenatation workers with poverty. This research method was a survey performed with quantitative approach and supported with qualitative approach using questionnaire and in-depth interview. This results determine access to the plantation land, livelihood strategy,the livelihood structure and its relation to poverty.
Keyword: poverty, plantation, livelihood strategy

Judul: Analisis Struktur dan Strategi Nafkah Rumahtangga Petani Sekitar Kawasan Hutan Konservasi Di Desa Cipeuteuy, Kabupaten Sukabumi
Abstrak: Citizens in the Cipeuteuy village still dependent their life on agricultural activities. The land that used to be in the National Park of Halimun-Salak Mountain areas and use the system through the principe of loan use. The livelihood strategy by people living in this village not only from agricultural sector, but also non-agricultural sector. There are many ways to implement the livelihood strategy, ranging from one sector to intensify, diversify income or dual income patterns, to spatial engineering or migration. But all sectors of the fixed income performed using livelihood asset. Five livelihood asset are natural capital, social capital, human capital, financial capital, and physic capital used in such a way as to support the sustainability of their livelihood strategies. Even longer, people tend to be more dependent on non-agricultural sector. But base their breadwinners are farmers. It is conclude that there has been a social transformation where the value of agriculture to the community has decined.
Keyword: 

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity