Judul: A Growth Analysis of Forestry Based Sectors and Its Impact on Income Distribution and Employment in Indonesia : Miyazawa Input-Output Approach
Abstrak: Forestry based sectors have role important to economy, but its problems are output of forestry based sectors have decreased during the last one decade which showed from decreasing its contribution to total Gross Domestic Product (GDP). This condition will impact on economy as a whole especially in economic growth, employment, household income and others sectors which have related. One of the strategy to increase its output by increase factors which is become sources of its output growth are consist of exsport exspansion, domestic demand, import substitution and technological change. This research is aimed to (1) analyze sources of output growth in forestry based sectors, (2) analyze impact of increasing output on household income distribution and employment, and (3) analyze linkages of forestry based sectors. This research analysis using the input-output miyazawa model. The model is extension from Indonesia input-output table. Forestry based sectors are divided into five sub sectors such as forestry, sawntimber industry, pulp industry, plywood industry and furniture industry. The results showed that sources of output growth in forestry, sawntimber industry, furniture industry and plywood industry mainly are caused by domestic demand factor, meanwhile in pulp industry is caused by exsport exspansion. Increasing output of forestry based sectors are able to increase household income and employment. Increasing income especially in low income group in rural area. All forestry based sectors except furniture industry, have strong forward linkages. Thre are three sectors which have strong backward linkages are furniture, pulp and plywood industry.
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Judul: Analisis penawaran dan permintaan kayu bulat: kebijakan pengaturan bahan baku untuk industry pengolahan kayu primer
Abstrak: The role of forestry sector in national economies show a declining trend. This decrease was caused by various factors. One of them is the occurrence of an imbalance between supply and demand for logs in which there is excess demand for primary wood processing industry. Many efforts have been made such as the arrangement of primary wood processing industry and implementation of a log export ban, but has not given encouraging results yet. This research is applying a simultaneous equations model of the Indonesian timber market system that are more detailed than previous studies. On the supply side, the behavioral model of timber supply from various sources (natural forests, plantation forests and community forests) is constructed. Meanwhile, on the demand side, this research constructed demand behavior of sawntimber, plywood, and pulp industries. The model developed is intended to answer questions relating to (1) the factors that influence production of roundwood production and its derivatives, (2) forms of government policies that ensure the sustainability of the forest industry (upstream-downstream), and (3) policies that can reduce the gap of supply and demand of logs. 2SLS method was used for model parameter estimation. The results show that the decision to determine the extent of timber harvesting area in natural forest and plantation forest are influenced by previous cutting experience in addition to the demand by the industrial roundwood, roundwood prices, taxes and levies and wage rates. Roundwood production from natural and plantation forests are influenced by land productivity, while for community forest production is more affected by extensive logging. Level of demand by the industry is affected by the production of primary wood processing industry, the world price of processed wood products, and the price of logs. Efforts to accelerate the decline in the gap can be done through increased productivity of natural forests through the implementation of intensive silviculture. Other efforts that could be implemented are acceleration of development of community’s plantation forests (HTR) in production forests are not burdened with rights, implementation of compensation fee for the people who developing HTR as much as their opportunity cost if they reduce cash crops in HTR area simplify the procedure so that the community can meet the required conditions, granting access to financing credit, encouraging participants to plant perennials HTR; application of multi-system silviculture. Increased production of logs per unit area as described above is expected to increase the contribution of the forestry sector, through increased taxes and charges up to certain limits. Application of the use of efficient wood processing technology, especially in the application of new industrial units, to offset rising production costs, for example increase the wage rate.
Keyword: Forestry sector, Multi-system silviculture

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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