Judul: Isolasi dan ldentifikasi Bakteri pad a J aringan Lemak Imago Betina Ulat Sutera Liar Attacus Atlas (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to identify the bacteria that lived in the fat body of female imagoes Attacus atlas which was collected from tea plantation PTPN VIII Pangleujar Purwakarta Regency West Java Province. Samples were taken from fat body of 5 female imagoes. These samples were cultured in the Blood Agar and Mac Conkey Agar. The identification of the bacteria were based on series of tests such as, colony and individual morphology, Gram stain characterisic, and standard biochemistry tests. There were 2 genus of bacteria were identified such as Aeromonas and Bacillus. The species were identified as Aeromonas sp and Aeromonas schubertii. Aeromonas is the most common genus which were found in the fat body of the female imagoes.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), imagoes, fat body, bacteria, A. atlas

Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri pada Kloaka Imago Betina Ulat Sutera Liar Attacus Atlas L. (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae}
Abstrak: This study aimed to identify bacteria in the cloaca of wild silkworms Attacus atlas using common methods. Samples that have been prepared are taken using the ose and planted into the blood agar and MacConkey Agar (MCA) with T streaking. Each form colonies growing on blood agar and MCA were subculture onto trypticase soy agar (TSA). Identification of bacteria used media identification i.e. indole, Simmon's citrate Agar, TSIA, Oxidase, Urea, Voges proskauer (VP) and broth of karbohidrat (glucose, sucrose, maltose, manitol and lactose). The results showed that on the imagoes there were 3 genera of bacteria such as Bacillus sp., Aeromonas sp., and Pseudomonas sp..
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), identification, cloaca, bacteria, A. atlas

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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