Judul: Development of Rapid Viability Test Using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper for Peanut Seed (Arachis hypogaea L.)
Abstrak: Benih bermutu sangat penting untuk meningkatkan produksi dan mutu kacang tanah. Pengujian mutu benih dapat dilakukan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode pengujian viabilitas secara tidak langsung pada benih kacang tanah menggunakan Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP). Percobaan diawali dengan pembuatan lot benih menggunakan perlakuan penyimpanan selama dua bulan dengan perlakuan beberapa kemasan. Percobaan disusun dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor jenis kemasan yaitu aluminium foil, plastik polypropylene, plastik polyethylene, kertas, dan tanpa kemasan. Lot dengan viabilitas tertinggi dan terendah digunakan untuk percobaan USAP tahap 1. Percobaan USAP tahap 1 dilakukan untuk menentukan metode terbaik dari kombinasi perlakuan ukuran pemotongan benih dan lama perendaman yang disusun menggunakan RAL. Perlakuan ukuran pemotongan benih yaitu benih utuh, dibelah dua, dan dipotong enam. Perlakuan lama perendaman yaitu 0, 3, 6, dan 9 jam. Parameter yang diamati pada USAP yaitu glukosa, protein, dan massa jenis. Metode terbaik digunakan untuk menguji menggunakan USAP pada seluruh lot benih hasil penyimpanan pada tahap 2 USAP. Hasil pengujian didapatkan metode terbaik yaitu ukuran pemotongan benih potong enam pada lama perendaman 6 jam. Parameter protein dan massa jenis dapat membedakan lot benih viabilitas tinggi dan rendah serta berkorelasi positif terhadap uji daya hantar listrik. Kebocoran glukosa tidak terdeteksi sehingga tidak dapat digunakan untuk uji viabilitas dan vigor benih., Quality seeds are very important to increase the production and quality of peanuts. Seed quality testing can be done directly or indirectly. The purpose of this research is to develop an indirect viability testing method for peanut seeds using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP). The experiment was started by making seed lots using storage treatment. Seeds are stored for two months with the treatment of several packages. The experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with packaging type factors including aluminum foil, polypropylene plastic, polyethylene plastic, paper, and without packaging. The lots with the highest and lowest viability were used for the USAP stage 1 experiment. The USAP stage 1 experiment was carried out to determine the best method from a combination of treatments of seed cutting size and soaking time prepared using CRD. The treatment of seed cutting size was whole seed, halved, and cut into six. The long immersion treatments were 0, 3, 6, and 9 hours. The parameters observed in the USAP were glucose, protein, and density. The best method was used to test all seed lots at stage 2 of the USAP. The test results showed that the best method was the size of cutting the seeds into six pieces at 6 hours of soaking time. Protein and density parameters can distinguish high and low viability seed lots and have a positive correlation with the electrical conductivity test. Glucose leaks were not detected so they could not be used for seed viability and vigor tests.
Keyword: glucose, protein, specific gravity, storage, vigor

Judul: Development of Rapid Viability and Vigor Test Methods for Corn (Zea mays L.) Seeds Using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper
Abstrak: Urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) telah digunakan untuk uji cepat viabilitas dan vigor benih kedelai berdasarkan terdeteksinya bocoran protein di dalam air rendaman benih. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji cepat viabilitas dan vigor benih jagung menggunakan USAP dengan mendeteksi bocoran glukosa, protein, dan perubahan pH pada berbagai tingkat viabilitas dan vigor. Tahap pertama penelitian ini adalah pembuatan lot benih dengan tiga bulan penyimpanan, disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu kemasan benih (plastik polypropylene, plastik polyethylene, kertas amplop coklat, dan tanpa kemasan). Tahap kedua adalah uji kebocoran glukosa, protein dan perubahan pH menggunakan USAP. Percobaan menggunakan RAL satu faktor, 12 kombinasi perlakuan yaitu kondisi benih (utuh, dibelah dua, dan dihaluskan) dengan lama perendaman (0, 6, 9, dan 12 jam). Hasil tahap pertama dan tahap kedua dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana dan uji korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan USAP mampu mendeteksi bocoran glukosa pada perlakuan benih dibelah dua dan dihaluskan pada semua lama perendaman, namun tidak dapat membedakan tingkat viabilitas dan vigor benih. Indikator bocoran protein dan perubahan pH tidak terdeteksi sehingga tidak dapat membedakan tingkat viabilitas dan vigor benih., Urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) has been used to test the viability and vigor of soybean seeds based on detection of protein leakage in the seed’s soaking water. The research aimed to develop a rapid viability and vigor test method for corn seeds using USAP by detecting leaks of glucose, protein and changes in pH at various levels of viability and vigor. The first stage of this research was making seed lots with three months of storage, arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely seed packaging (polypropylene plastic, polyethylene plastic, brown envelope paper, and without packaging). The second stage was testing for glucose and protein leakage and changes in pH using USAP. The experiment used a CRD with one factor, consisted of 12 treatment combinations, namely seed conditions (intact, halved, and crushed) with different soaking durations (0, 6, 9, and 12 hours). The results of the first and second stages were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis and correlation tests to determine the relationship between them. The results showed that USAP could detect glucose leakage in the halved and crushed seed treatments at all soaking durations but could not differentiate between seed viability and vigor levels. The indicators of protein leakage and pH changes were not detected thus could not distinguish seed viability and vigor levels.
Keyword: glucose, protein, seed lot, seed storage, soaking time

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
Keyword: