Judul: Characterizing Temporal Dynamic of Weather Variability to Support Decision Making on Weed Control
Abstrak: Herbicide is the dominant tool used for weed control in modern agriculture. Although herbicide has positive benefit in killing the target weeds, it potential becomes negative impact to the environment if some remains in the air and drift. Spray drift can happen due to unsuitable weather. The knowledge of weather condition will help farmer and decision maker to decide the appropriate technology and method for eradicating weed which minimize drift and other potential waste. The progress of information technology has been applied widely in agriculture such as precision agriculture. Solahudin (2013) developed a weed control method using multi-agents based. That system has two functions i.e. consultation function by giving recomendation before spraying (off-farm) and controlling during spray application (on-farm) using multi-intelligent agents which applied for groundnut farming. Relationship with this research is the system built by Solahudin (2013) needs to be improved in knowledge that related with weather. Weather data can be used to optimize spray scheduling on weed control activities that safe to the environment and for setup the equipment and machinery which prepared earlier before application day. The spatial and temporal variability weather conditions are important sources for agricultural activities such as spray application. Integration meteorological satellite with numerical weather prediction (NWP) product is promising in find timely weather variables as input for decision making to resolve problems in spray application especially for area which sparse coverage of weather stations. The objective of this research is to develop a decision support system (DSS) for schedulling of weed control and for selecting the proper nozzle size of the sprayers that introduce minimum negative impact to the environment. The main set of data required for our proposed system includes the set of 10 years weather data series acquired from remote sensing such as the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) and a set of vegetation index from the MODerate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). The vegetation index data utilized to determine the planting period of paddy and weather data set utilized to determine spray schedule and to determine the proper size of the sprayers for weed control. In precision farming, weed control is done two times i.e. pre-planting and post-emergence. To know these times, we used planting time as reference. We used paddy for this study. Paddy planting time is easy to identify through multi-temporal analysis of vegetation index. Enhanced vegetation index (EVI) of paddy field in study area shows the annual paddy growth cycle, it representing intensive cropping with multiple harvests. Based on analysis of EVI, we estimated the spraying times for paddy are April to May and October to November for cycle 1 and cycle 2, respectively. We study weather pattern in Jonggol during ten years. Every parameter have own characteristic and generally in same fluctuated pattern form. Generally, during ten years rainfall is high in year end to early year while low in mid-year. Wind speed is fluctuates. Wind is high in year end to January every year about more than 10 km/s. For ten years, minimum and maximum temperatures are 23.57°C and
Keyword: DSS, herbicides, spray drift, weather pattern, weed control

Judul: Pemodelan Decision Network untuk Menentukan Pola Tanam Pertanian Dinamis
Abstrak: Plants require different climatic conditions to grow well. The knowledge of optimum climate for plant to grow is essentially needed. The El Nino and La Nina phenomena affect the climate changes variability in Indonesia. El Nino causes a decrease in agricultural productivity due to the reduction in availability of water for crops. However, the La Nina phenomenon increases agricultural productivity due to the abundant availability of water. The strategy that can be done to solve the problem of climate change are to adjust the shape of cropping patterns and to forecast the season by using a Decision Network. Based on the Decision Network, the decision to select established cropping patterns is done using climate information and other obtained information before the decision is made. In this study, there are four information to be used. They are SOI index in August which can be used as an early possible indicator of rainy season changes, the length of rainy season, the rainfall in dry season, and the land area affected by drought. The objective of this research was to build the information model for agricultural cropping pattern by decision network. The data in this research were from 1965 to 2010. Cropping pattern can be used to produce a proper and accurate decision regarding to possibility of drought in areas. It also can be used to predict the possibility of loss amount that may arise. This study is conducted Indramayu District. The decisions are based on cropping patterns in Indramayu. The result showed that the model accuracy was 61.9% based on the relationship between the possibility of drought and drought data record in Indramayu from 1989 until 2009.
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Judul: Anatomi otot daerah manus monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis)
Abstrak: Macaca fascicularis dinamakan monyet ekor panjang karena ukuran ekornya panjang, kira-kira sama dengan panjang bagian kepala dan badannya (Napier dan Napier, 1967), selain itu M. fascicularis disebut juga "crab-eating monkey" karena kepiting merupakan salah satu jenis pakan yang paling disukai oleh monyet ini. Satwa primata merupakan hewan yang cocok sebagai hewan model untuk manusia karena kedekatan hubungan filogenetis serta kemiripan anatomis, fisiologis, biokimiawi dan respon farmakologisnya dengan manusia dibandingkan hewan percobaan lainnya (Sajuthi, 1984). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui susunan otot daerah manus beserta origo dan insersionya guna melengkapi data dasar anatomi otot pada M. fascicularis. Penelitian ini menggunakan enam kaki depan kiri dan tiga kaki depan kanan M. fascicularis yang telah diawetkan dalam formalin 10%. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi morfologi dan susunan masing-masing kelompok otot lengkap dengan origo dan însersionya, kemudian membandingkan dengan literatur mengenai morfologi dan susunan otot daerah manus tangan manusia. Hasil pengamatan morfologi luar sebeluın dilakukan penguakan kulit terlihat bagian dorsal kaki depan monyet ekor panjang ditutupi oleh rambut yang berwarna coklat kehitam-hitaman. Sedangkan bagian distal tidak ditumbuhi rambut, berkulit tebal, mempunyai bungkul-bungkul yang terbagi dengan jelas dan mempunyai gambaran sidik telapak dan jari. Otot-otot mamus M. fascicularis terdiri atas tiga kelompok otot yaitu kelompok thenar, hypothenar dan palmar. Kelompok otot thenar terdiri atas empat otot yaitu m. abductor pollicis brevis, m. opponens pollicis, m. flexor pollicis brevis dan m. adductor pollicis. Keempat otot pada kelompok thenar ini berbeda origonya dengan manusia. Musculus abductor pollicis brevis pada M. fascicularis berorigo di os navicularis dan os sesamoideum. Pada manusia kedua tulang ini tidak ada. Pada manusia otot ini berorigo pada retinaculum flexorum, bungkul os scaphoideum, os trapezium dan berkas tendo dari m. abductor pollicis longus. Musculus opponens pollicis pada M. fascicularis berorigo di ligamentum carpi transversum dan tendo dari m. abductor pollicis longus. Pada manusia otot ini berorigo pada retinaculum flexorum dan bungkul os trapezium, Musculus flexor pollicis brevis pada M. fascicularis dan manusia terbagi menjadi dua caput yaitu caput superficial dan caput profundal. Kedua caput pada M. fascicularis memiliki origo yang berbeda dengan manusia. Caput superficial pada M. fascicularis berorigo di ligamentum carpi transversum, sedangkan caput profundal berorigo di proksimal os metacarpal II sisi radial dan os trapezoideum sisi ulnar. Pada manusia, caput superficial berorigo pada retinaculum flexorum dan os trapezium, sedangkan caput profundal pada os trapezoideum dan os capitatum. Musculus adductor pollicis pada M. fascicularis dan manusia terbagi menjadi dua caput yaitu caput obliquus dan caput transversum. Kedua caput pada M. fascicularis memiliki origo yang berbeda dengan manusia. Pada M. fascicularis, caput obliquus berorigo pada os trapezoideum sedangkan caput transversum berorigo pada proksimal os metacarpal II dan III. Pada manusia, caput obliquus berorigo pada os capitatum dan proksimal os metacarpal II dan III, sedangkan caput transversum berorigo pada os metacarpal III dan beberapa serabutnya akan bersatu dengan m. adductor pollicis caput obliquus dan m. interossea palmaris 1…dst
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