Judul: The Influence of Differences in Spectrum and Intensity of Artificial Light on the Growth of Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) Kandel Cultivar in Nurseries.
Abstrak: Nangka (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) dikenal sebagai salah satu buah terbesar di dunia yang dapat dimakan dan bernilai gizi tinggi. Pada awalnya, nangka dikategorikan sebagai tanaman buah lokal yang kurang dimanfaatkan. Namun, saat ini nangka semakin mendapatkan popularitas secara global. Upaya peningkatan pertumbuhan tanaman harus dilakukan untuk mendukung permintaan pasar salah satunya dengan rekayasa lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons morfologi, fisiologi, dan anatomi bibit nangka terhadap perbedaan spektrum dan intensitas cahaya buatan LED (Light Emitting Diode). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor, yaitu spektrum LED (ungu dan putih) dan intensitas cahaya (dua dan empat lampu). Penambahan LED pada pembibitan nangka dapat memengaruhi respons morfologi, fisiologi, dan anatomi. LED ungu dengan intensitas tinggi (PH) berpengaruh positif terhadap laju pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, diameter batang, dan konduktansi stomata. LED putih dengan intensitas tinggi (WH) memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap kandungan klorofil, pertumbuhan dan perkembangan daun. Perlakuan dengan intensitas cahaya yang tinggi memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap jumlah stomata, bukaan stomata, kerapatan stomata, dan ketebalan daun., Jackfruit (Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam.) is known as one of the largest edible fruits in the world with high nutritional value. Initially, jackfruit was categorized as an underutilized local fruit plant. However, it is now gaining global popularity. Efforts to enhance plant growth must be made to support market demand, one of which is through environmental engineering. This study aims to determine the morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses of jackfruit seedlings to different spectra and intensities of artificial LED (Light Emitting Diode) light. This research was conducted based on a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors: LED spectrum (purple and white) and light intensity (two and four lamps). The addition of LEDs in jackfruit seedling nurseries can affect morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses. High-intensity purple LEDs (PH) positively influence the growth rate of plant height, number of branches, stem diameter, and stomatal conductance. High-intensity white LEDs (WH) positively impact chlorophyll content, leaf growth, and development. High light intensity treatments positively influence the number of stomata, stomatal aperture, stomatal density, and leaf thickness.
Keyword: clorophyll, full-spectrum LEDs, glucose, photosynthesis, stomata

Judul: Kecapi Seedlings (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) Growth Response Under Different Spectrum and Intensities of Light Emitting Diode
Abstrak: Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) merupakan buah lokal dari famili Meliaceae yang sudah jarang dibudidayakan. Harga pasar buah ini tidak stabil akibat produksi dan kualitas tidak konsisten. Untuk memperbaiki sistem budidaya tanaman buah ini dapat dilakukan dengan modifikasi lingkungan yaitu penggunaan LED (Light Emitting Diode) sebagai cahaya buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan respons morfologi, fisiologi, dan anatomi terhadap perbedaan spektrum dan tingkat intensitas cahaya LED. Penelitian dilaksanakanberdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor terdiri dari spektrum LED (ungu dan putih) dan intensitas cahaya (dua dan empat lampu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons morfologi dan fisiologi terbaik pada perlakuan LED putih intensitas tinggi (WH). LED putih intensitas rendah (WL) meningkatkan kandungan klorofil daun dan laju fotosintesis. Respons anatomi terbaik pada perlakuan LED ungu intensitas rendah (PL). Peningkatan lebar daun pada LED ungu intensitas tinggi (PH). Kandungan glukosa menurun pada semua perlakuan dan peningkatan kandungan fruktosa hanya terjadi pada perlakuan LED ungu dengan intensitas rendah., Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) is a local fruit from the Meliaceae family that is rarely cultivated. The market price of this fruit is unstable due to inconsistent production and quality. Improving the cultivation system of this fruit plant can be done by modifying the environment, the use of LED (Light Emitting Diode) as artificial light. This study aims to determine changes in morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses to different spectra and intensity levels of the LED light. The research was conducted based on a two-factor completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of LED spectrum (purple and white) and light intensity (two and four lights). The results showed the best morphological and physiological responses in the treatment of high-intensity white LED (WH). Low-intensity white LED (WL) increased leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate. The best anatomical response was in the low-intensity purple LED (PL) treatment. Increased leaf width in high-intensity purple LED (PH). Leaf glucose content decreased in all treatments and an increase in fructose content only occurred in the low-intensity purple LED treatment.
Keyword: chlorophyll, glucose, intracellular CO2, photosynthesis, stomata

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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