Judul: Estimasi Kerugian Banjir Sungai Pesanggrahan Terhadap Bisnis di Pasar Cipulir Jakarta Selatan.
Abstrak: An Assessment to estimate the economic losses from flooding of the commercial business sector is needed to determine the benefits of flood mitigation which is expected to reduce the economic losses in that sectore. The general objective of this study was to estimate the economic losses due to flooding. The specific objective of this research were to to know the perception of flood risk businesses, to estimate the direct economic loss of perceived business, and to identify adaptation strategies which conducted by business and market managers. This study applied a stage damage function which is the independent in a model of total economic loss were the sum of the loss of structural damage, loss of building contents damage, losses due to lost earnings, and labor expenses for repairs. Data analysis techniques was used a correlation analysis with spearman correlation, multiple linear regression analysis, and descriptive analysis. An Assessment to estimate the economic losses from flooding of the commercial business sector is needed to determine the benefits of flood mitigation which is expected to reduce the economic losses in that sectore. The general objective of this study was to estimate the economic losses due to flooding . Houses on business in PD Pasar Jaya Cipulir. The specific objective of this research were to to know the perception of flood risk businesses, to estimate the direct economic loss of perceived Results showed that perceptions of business people towards flood mitigation efforts were very low, business people really hope for response of a flood control efforts from the the government Estimation result from the the allegation of total direct economic losses at Cipulir market in the period 17-19 January 2013 reached up to Rp 3 290 779 793 318. Pesanggrahan river normalization program which is being implemented by the city government is expected to reduce the economic losses in the flood Cipulir market. Flood loss reduction scenario, if normalization can reduce the duration of flooding in the ground floor up to one day the total loss, total loss of the ground floor would be reduced by 16%. While, if normalization can reduce the height of the flood up to 50%, the total expected loss is reduced 6% from the total initial loss. The adaptation strategies that have made by business people were conducted with raising the ground floor stalls and making dike.
Keyword: stage function damage., river floods, perception, economic loss

Judul: Estimasi Kerugian Ekonomi Akibat Banjir Sungai Pesanggrahan Pada Sektor Komersil (Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Ulujami dan Kelurahan Kebayoran Lama Utara, Jakarta Selatan)
Abstrak: Ulujami and Kebayoran Lama Utara urban village are two villages in Southern Jakarta, that passed by the Pesanggrahan River. This urban village is a flood prone area. The objective of this research was to analize the risk perception, value of flood losses, reduction of flood losses from the JEDI program and business people strategy in facing the flood. This research using 40 businessman sample that choosen by purposive sampling method. Flood river that choosen was flood that was happen on 17 january till 19 january 2013. Flood caused by Pesanggrahan River overflow. As one of the flood risk management in order to reduce the impact of the upcoming flood damages, the government now is implementing Jakarta Emergency Dredging Initiave (JEDI) program. Commercial sector in Ulujami and Kebayoran lama Utara urban village is one of the sector of life support which was affected by flood of Pesanggrahan River. The method of this research was spearman correlation, stage damage function (SDF) and descriptive analysis. According to the result, risk perception analysis showed that respondents perception of the flood mitigation effort was lower than respondents perception of expectations of the government flood mitigation policy. According to the loss variables, the loss per business unit was Rp 22 761 173 and the total loss of two villages was Rp 1 229 103 342. Result of the flood estimation losses on commercial sector known that flood loss was affected by the flood depth, duration of the flood, building size and business unit revenue per day. Based on the government JEDI program, estimated losses would be reduced by 38% for the duration of flood reduce, 39% for flood depth reduce and 72% for both of assumption reduce. According to interview result and the observations, that known that business people strategy to facing flood was created table and chair to protect asset, created attic, add of the building floor, raised building floor, created flood dams and incidental strategy.
Keyword: jakarta emergency dredging initiative (JEDI), stage damage function, economy flood losses, riverine flood, pesanggrahan river

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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