Judul: Macroencapsulated Probiotic and Prebiotic Fortified Pineapple Yoghurt.
Abstrak: Various studies have claimed that probiotic is correlated with improvement of intestinal health, enhancement of immune response, reduction of serum cholesterol, and prevention of cancer. These functions depend largely on their viability during exposure to low pH in human stomach. Therefore, in the current study, encapsulated probiotic and prebiotic fortified pineapple yoghurt was developed employing reverse spherification process. The effects of inulin (0, 1, and 2% w/v) and pineapple juice concentrations (5, 10, and 15% w/w) on physicochemical and sensory properties of yoghurt were studied. Based on the highest acceptability of yoghurt texture, 1% inulin and 5% pineapple juice was chosen for encapsulation study in the following step. CaCl2 (0 and 0.5% w/w) and alginate solution (0.7 and 1% w/w) were varied to study encapsulation process. Yoghurt with 0.75% alginate in the absence of CaCl2 had the highest swallowability and overall acceptability. Prior to in vitro digestion, encapsulation of the yoghurt gave a little protection effect on bacteria viability with approximately 3 log lactic acid bacteria reduction which was attributed to poor gel strength due to reverse spherification process.
Keyword: reverse spherification, encapsulation, alginate, digestive simulation

Judul: Formulasi Yoghurt Sinbiotik dengan Penambahan Puree Pisang dan Inulin
Abstrak: Recently, one of functional food which has become popular in the market is probiotic, prebiotic and or synbiotic yoghurt. Synbiotic yoghurt is fermented milk containing both probiotic and prebiotic. Many inovations in yoghurt production by food scientists were developed by adding local ingredients. Banana is abundant local comodity in West Java. Besides having high nutrient, banana also contains 0.5-1.4 g/100g inulin which is a good source of prebiotic. The purpose of this research was to make synbiotic yoghurt containing banana puree and inulin as a functional food using local comodity. In this research, the synbiotic yoghurt was made from banana puree added with Lactobacillus casei as probotic and commercial inulin as prebiotic. This research was divided into three steps, first step was to obtain an optimum ratio between skim milk and banana puree to produce an acceptable yoghurt by sensory evaluation (hedonic ranking test), second step was to obtain an optimum one by addition of commercial inulin to the previous formula based on sensory evaluation (hedonic rating test), and the third step was to determine chemical and microbiology quality of the synbiotic yoghurt. Result of the first step of the research, suggested that skim milk : banana puree ratio = 1:1 was the most preferred product by panelists. Addition of 2% inulin yoghurt resulted in the highest rank yoghurt likened by the panelists. Based on the chemical and microbiological analysis, the resulted synbiotic yoghurt complied standard requirement yoghurt in Indonesia (SNI 01.2981-2009). The synbiotic yoghurt contained BAL 3.6 x 109 cfu/ml probiotic lactic acid bacteria and approximately about 3.88 g/100g prebiotic. Based on proximate analysis, the fat content of this synbiotic yoghurt is less than 5% thus it can be classified as non fat yoghurt.
Keyword: 

Judul: Keanekaragaman Bazzania (Marchantiophyta: Lepidoziaceae) di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Aceh Tenggara, Sumatra.
Abstrak: Bazzania merupakan marga besar dari lumut hati berdaun, banyak jenis-jenis dari marga ini yang persebarannya berada di hutan tropis. Keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan Bazzania meningkat pada hutan hujan pegunungan yang sering berkabut serta berkelembaban tinggi sehingga hutan ini disebut sebagai “hutan lumut”. Marga ini memiliki karakter diagnostik yakni percabangan membentuk pola “Y”, terdapat flagel dan daun tersusun secara incubous. Laporan tentang persebaran Bazzania di Sumatra belum mencakup semua kawasan hutan pegunungan yang ada di Sumatra, termasuk Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL). Taman nasional ini merupakan laboratorium alam yang berorientasi pada perlindungan bagi pelbagai jenis tumbuhan termasuk Bazzania. Oleh karena itu penelitian floristik ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi keanekaragaman Bazzania TNGL sebagai upaya pelengkapan daftar jenis Bazzania Sumatra. Eksplorasi spesimen Bazzania dilakukan di sepanjang jalur pendakian di TNGL (1417-2900 m dpl), dimulai dari Rainforest Lodge Kedah sampai Camp Alas. Koleksi spesimen herbarium disimpan di Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). Informasi karakter morfologi yang diamati selanjutnya digunakan dalam menyusun kunci identifikasi dan mempertelakan jenis Bazzania yang terdokumentasi di TNGL. Sebanyak 13 jenis Bazzania ditemukan di TNGL, umumnya tumbuh pada substrat batang pohon, kayu lapuk, dan ranting. Marga Bazzania memiliki variasi struktur umum gametofit yaitu tipe perawakan (kekar, ramping); bentuk pertumbuhan (merayap, mendongak, menggantung); bentuk koloni (mengeset tebal, mengeset tipis), orientasi daun lateral (tersebar mendatar ketika segar maupun kering, tersebar mendatar ketika segar tetapi tergulung masuk ketika kering), susunan daun ventral (menyirap rapat, berjarak renggang). Daun lateral memiliki variasi pada karakter bentuk, ujung, tepi, pangkal daun; kehadiran struktur tambahan seperti cuping di bagian pangkal daun; keberadaan vitta, bentuk sel pada lembaran daun, dan keberadaan trigon. Daun lateral berbentuk asimetris menyegitiga, membundar, membundar telur hingga melancor-melidah; ujung daun bergigi 2-4 dengan torehan dangkal sampai dalam, atau tidak beraturan; tepi mengombak halus, bergigi halus, bergerigi; pangkal bagian dorsal menjantung, membundar dengan tambahan seperti cuping; pangkal bagian ventral lurus, membundar; vita ada atau absen; sel berbentuk isodiametris, persegi, linear; trigon kecil, besar; kutikula halus, berbingkahan. Daun ventral memiliki variasi pada karakter bentuk, tepi, ujung, dan pangkal daun, serta kehadiran bagian daun yang hialin. Daun ventral berbentuk persegi empat, persegi empat memanjang, membundar, membundar telur, menyegitiga, mengginjal; ujung berjelabir, bergerigi, bergigi, rata; tepi mengombak sederhana, bergigi, bergerigi, bercuping dangkal, bercuping dalam; pangkal bebas, atau satu atau kedua sisinya melekat pada daun lateral; hialin absen, semua bagian daun ventral tersusun sel hialin, tidak semua bagian semua bagian daun ventral berhialin. Terdapat 5 jenis Bazzania diketahui sebagai rekaman baru untuk Sumatra yaitu Bazzania horridula, B. adnexa, B. angustifolia, B. fauriana, dan B. oshimensis; empat jenis terakhir juga merupakan rekaman baru untuk Malesia. Bazzania horridula telah dilaporkan ada di Jawa. Persebaran B. adnexa sebelumnya hanya dilaporkan di Australiasia dan China Selatan. Bazzania angustifolia, dan B. fauriana dilaporkan ada di Jepang, Vietnam Utara, Taiwan. Persebaran B. oshimensis meliputi wilayah Asia dan Indo-China (Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, Formosa, Ceylon, India dan Jepang). Kelima jenis tersebut menambah jumlah jenis Bazzania Sumatra yang sebelumnya dilaporkan sebanyak 38 jenis, sekarang menjadi 43 jenis.
Keyword: Bazzania, bryophyta, Gunung Leuser-Aceh, Lepidoziaceae, lumut hati