Judul: Aktivitas Antimalaria Ekstrak Kulit Buah Sukun (Artocarpus communis) Terhadap Plasmodium berghei Secara Ex Vivo.
Abstrak: Munculnya parasit yang resisten terhadap obat antimalaria menjadi salah satu tantangan terbesar bagi pengendalian malaria saat ini. Strategi dalam menangani resistensi tersebut adalah dengan mencari senyawa antimalaria baru pada tumbuhan obat. Sukun atau Artocarpus communis diyakini mengandung senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas antimalaria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh dan menguji senyawa flavonoid pada ekstrak kulit buah sukun dengan pelarut non-polar (heksana), semi-polar (etil asetat), dan polar (metanol dan etanol) dalam uji aktivitasnya sebagai antimalaria menggunakan Plasmodium berghei secara ex vivo. Pengujian antimalaria menggunakan obat antimalaria pyrimethamine sebagai kontrol positif. Keseluruhan ekstrak kulit buah sukun mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, triterpenoid, dan steroid. Dari enam ekstrak kulit buah sukun yang telah diuji aktivitas antimalaria-nya, ekstrak etanol kulit buah sukun menunjukkan aktivitas antimalaria sedang dengan IC50 sebesar 26.67 μg/mL. Tidak adanya pertumbuhan fase schizont juga ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etanol kulit buah sukun pada konsentrasi 300 μg/mL dan ekstrak etil asetat kulit buah sukun di konsentrasi 300 μg/mL dan 100 μg/mL.
Keyword: tumbuhan obat, Artocarpus communis, flavonoid, P. berghei, ex vivo

Judul: Aktivitas Antiplasmodium Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Sukun (Artocarpus Communis) Terhadap Mencit Yang Diinfeksi Plasmodium Berghei
Abstrak: Resistensi obat antimalaria masih menjadi masalah utama di negara-negara tropis sehingga perlu adanya obat antimalaria baru berbasis obat herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antiplasmodium ekstrak etanol kulit buah sukun (Artocarpus communis) secara in vivo terhadap mencit yang diinfeksi Plasmodium berghei. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit putih (Mus musculus) jantan galur DDY digunakan sebagai hewan model. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas P0 (kelompok normal), P1 (kelompok terinfeksi yang diberi ekstrak dosis 100 mg/kg BB), P2 (kelompok terinfeksi yang diberi ekstrak dosis 200 mg/kg BB), P3 (kelompok terinfeksi yang diberi ekstrak dosis 300 mg/kg BB), P4 (kelompok terinfeksi yang diberi Fansidar® 5 mg/kg BB), P5 (kelompok kontrol negatif). Pemberian ekstrak etanol kulit buah sukun dengan dosis 100 mg/kg BB, 200 mg/kg BB dan 300 mg/kg BB mampu menurunkan pertumbuhan P. berghei pada hari ke-8 secara berturut-turut sebesar 85.23%, 91.29% dan 94.64% nilai tersebut berbeda nyata (p<0.05) dengan kelompok kontrol negatif.
Keyword: antiplasmodium, kulit buah sukun, Plasmodium berghei

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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