Judul: Efektivitas Formulasi Glifosat Campuran dan Tunggal pada Pengendalian Gulma di Tanaman Karet Belum Menghasilkan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penggunaan herbisida campuran antara glifosat dan 2,4-D dan herbisida glifosat tunggal pada pengendalian gulma tanaman karet
Keyword: 

Judul: Studi efektivitas glifosat 48  dan 2,4-D terhadap gulma tanaman karet (Hevea brasiliensis Muel.Agr.) menghasilkan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan efektifitas kombinasi pemakaian glifosat 48 % +2,4-D dengan dosis rendah, cara penyiangan manual dan tanpa penyiangan (kontrol) dalam mengendalikan gulma pada gawangan pertanaman karet menghasilkan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di PTPN VIII, Perkebunan Karet Cimulang, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Penelitian berlangsung selama tiga bulan, dimulai akhir bulan Juli 2001 sampai awal bulan Oktober 2001. Penelitian ini disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktor tunggal, terdiri dari 3 ulangan sebagai kelompok dan 9 perlakuan pengendalian gulma yaitu 7 perlakuan berbisida glifosat 48% dosis 0.4 1/ha, 0.5 1/ha, 0.6 Uha, 0.7 l/ha, 0.8 l/ha, 0.9 l/ha, 1.0 l/ha dengan menambah herbisida. DMA 6, yang mengandung bahan aktif 2,4D, sebesar 0.55 l/ha pada tiap-tiap dosis serta perlakuan penyiangan manual dan kontrol (tanpa penyiangan). Total seluruh satuan percobaan adalah 27 satuan. Tiap satuan percobaan terdiri dari petakan berukuran 7 m x 12 m, sehingga luas efektif gawangan seluruhnya ialah 2 268 m². Berdasarkan hasil awal analisis vegetasi terdapat lima spesies dominan yaitu Ottochloa nodosa, Paspalum conjugatum, Commelina benghalensis, Ischaemum timorense dan Borreria alata. Secara umum penggunaan herbisida giifosat 48 % +2,4-D pada tiap taraf desis yang dicobakan dapat menekan pertumbuhan gulma. Dosis 0.4 l/ha efektif dalam mengendalikan gulma pada gawangan pertanainan karet. Dosis 0.8 l/ha sampai 1.0 l/ha mampu menekan gulma lebih baik daripada dosis yang lebih rendah.
Keyword: rubber plantations, Randomized Block Design, glyphosate pesticide

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua