Judul: The relationship of Diacylglicerol acyltransferas (DGAT1) Gene Diversity to Friesian Holstein Dairy Cattle‘s Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile.
Abstrak: Milk fatty acid composition is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Milk fat composition can be changed by nutrition and genetic improvement. Genetic improvement can be done through selection to genes which have associated strongly with milk production and milk fat percentage. A study of quantitative trait locus mapping (QTL) in cattle has been resulted that from the identification of polymorphism (K232A) in the gene coding for acyl CoA is diacylgliserol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1). DGAT1 is a key enzyme in the synthesis of triglycerides and has a strong effect on milk fat percentage and milk production. The effect of DGAT1 mutations in milk fat composition of dairy cattle in Indonesia has not been done. This study aims to, firstly, to identify the genetic diversity of DGAT1 gene in cattle Friesian Holstein (FH), secondly, to test the relationship between genotype diversity DGAT1 gene with milk production and milk fatty acid profile. The study consisted of two steps. The first was identification of DGAT1 gene diversity in FH dairy cows. The second was testing relationship of DGAT1 gene diversity to milk production and milk fatty acid profile. The identification of DGAT1 gene diversity used blood samples which collected from 7 populations in Central Java and West Java. There were 300 heads dairy cattles used in this research which taken from BBPTU Baturraden SP (123), BET Cipelang (32), BPPT Cikole (36), Cilumber farm (34) Pasir Kemis Farm (34). Genetic flow from the male to the lactation female viewed by using samples which derived from BIB Lembang (16) and BBIB Singosari (28). The identification of the relationship of DGAT1 gene diversity to milk production and milk fatty acid profile used milk samples which collected from BBPTU Baturaden’s Dairy Cattle (40). Milk samples were collected by a single test day in which milk production in the morning and in the afternoon is calculated. Such milk samples were collected from dairy cattle which has 1-6 lactation periods and 1-12 month lactation. The data of milk fatty acid obtained through a laboratorium test results which using Gas Chromatography method. DNA extraction has been done by using modified (Sambrook et al. 1989). Determination of the genotype of each individual was conducted with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach. Gene diversity has been seen by counting the frequency of allele, genotype frequencies and heterozygosity values. The relationship between DGAT1 gene genotype variants with milk production and milk fatty acid profile was calculated based on the General Linear Model (GLM) method using SAS 9.1 software. DGAT1 gene fragment amplification was carried out by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method which resulted products throughout 411 bp. Genotyping DGAT1 gene fragment were resulted two genotypes KK and KA. KK genotype is shown with 411 bp fragment length and AK genotype is shown with 203, 208 and 411 bp fragment length. Frequiency of AK genotype (73%) at seven FH dairy cows population was higher than the KK genotype (27%) and AA genotype (0%). The phenomenon of the lack of AA genotype of FH cows, either at the farm or at the seeds center
Keyword: Diacylglycerol acyl Transferase, 1Genes, Friesian Holstein, milk production, fatty acid

Judul: Characterization of DGAT1 Gene as Candidate Marker for Quality and Nutrition of Indonesian Sheep
Abstrak: Kualitas daging domba premium melalui peningkatan nilai gizi yang terkandung dalam daging melalui potensi gen diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keragaman gen DGAT1 pada SNP g.8539 C>T serta kaitannya dengan perbaikan kualitas dan gizi (flavour dan odour, asam lemak, kolesterol, mineral, dan karakteristik karkas) daging domba Indonesia. Total sampel domba yang digunakan keragaman gen DGAT1 254 sampel berumur 10–12 bulan dengan jenis kelamin jantan yang terdiri dari domba ekor gemuk (DEG) (n=20), domba ekor tipis (DET) (n=107), domba komposit garut (DKG) (n=10), domba compass agrinak (DCA) (n=10), domba barbados cross (DBC) (n=10), domba garut (DG) (n=20), domba jonggol (DJ) (n=27) dan domba lokal jambi (DLJ) (n=50). 100 sampel digunakan untuk asosiasi gen DGAT1 terhadap flavour dan odour, asam lemak, kolesterol, mineral, dan karakteristik karkas. Identifikasi keragaman DGAT1|ALuI dianalisis dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Hasil keragaman gen DGAT1 bersifat polimorfik dalam DET, DG, dan DEG, sedangkan DCA, DBC, DLJ, dan DKG bersifat monomorfik. Dua genotipe CC, dan CT ditemukan dalam DET, DG, dan DEG. Titik mutasi gen DGAT1 berasosiasi (P<0.05) pada flavour dan odour, asam lemak sedangkan titik mutasi gen DGAT1 tidak berasosiasi (P>0.05) pada kolesterol, mineral, dan karakteristik karkas. Gen DGAT1 memiliki kontribusi dalam flavour dan odour yaitu pada senyawa 4-Ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) serta pada konten lemak, asam palmitoleat, dan asam heptadekanoat, The quality of premium sheep meat through improving the nutritional value contained in the meat through the potential gene diacylglycerol acyltransferase-1 (DGAT1). This study aims to identify the diversity of the DGAT1 gene with SNP g.8539 C>T access number EU178818 and its relationship to the quality and nutritional value (mineral, cholesterol, flavour and odour, fatty acids, and carcass characteristics) of Indonesian sheep. A total of 254 samples and ages 10-12 months, consisted of javanese fat-tail sheep (JFTS) (n=20), javanese thin-tail sheep (JTTS) (n=107), garut composite sheep (GCS) (n=10), compass agrinak sheep (CAS) (n=10), barbados cross sheep (BCS) (n=10), garut sheep (GS) (n=20), jonggol sheep (JS) (n=27), and jambi local sheep (JLS) (n=50). 100 samples use association DGAT1 gene with mineral, cholesterol, flavour and odour, fatty acid, and characteristic carcass. The diversity of DGAT|AluI were analyzed with PCR-RFLP method. DGAT1 gene were polymorphic in JTTS, GS, and JFTS, and monomorphic in CAS, BCS, JLS, and GCS sheep population. Two type genotypes CC and CT were found in JTTS, GS, and JFTS. SNP g.8539 C>T in DGAT was associated to flavour and odour (P<0.05), and fatty acid, but it was not associated to cholesterol, mineral, and characteristic carcass. DGAT1 gene has contribution to level of flavour and odour through stimulate 4-Ethyloctanoic acid (EOA) molecules and fat content, palmitoleac acid, and heptadecanoat acid.
Keyword: sheep, DGAT1 gene, mineral, cholesterol, flavour and odour, fatty  acid, characteristic carcass, PCR-RFLP.

Judul: Perencanaan Tapak Eks-Pasar Inpres Sebagaitaman Kota Subang Di Kabupatensubang Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Ketersediaan tamanpublik di Kota Subang saat ini masih terbilang kurang, sedangkan permintaan masyarakat akan tempat rekreasi di Kota Subang sendiri sangat besar. Sementara itu masih banyak lahan di Kota Subang yang dibiarkan tidak tertata dan tidak terawatt, salah satunya ialah tapak eks-Pasar Inpres Kabupaten Subang.Lahan eks-Pasar Inpres yang berada di pusat kota merupakan titik strategis untuk menjadi taman kota. Selain itu, perencanaan taman kota di lahan tersebut juga merupakan salah satu wacana dalamKeputusan Bupati Kabupaten Subang No. 644/KEP.1016-Kumdang/2002.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menyusun perencanaan taman kota di lahan eks-Pasar Inpres Kabupaten Subang sehingga memiliki nilai fungsional dan estetik yang baik. Fasilitas yang direncanakan pada taman kota inidisesuaikan dengan kondisi fisik dan sosial pada tapak. Metode yang digunakan dalam tahapan perencanaan tapak Eks-Pasar Inpres Kabupaten Subang ini adalah dengan pendekatan sumber daya dan aktivitas yang dikemukakan oleh Gold (1980). Pendekatan sumber daya meliputi aspek fisik dan biofisik, adapun pendekatan aktivitasmeliputi aktivitas yang ada pada masa lampau dan saat ini sebagai dasar pertimbangan. Faktor sosial lebih diutamakan daripada faktor lainnya dalam pendekatan ini. Perencanaan Taman Kota Subang dilakukan terhadap aspek tata ruang, sirkulasi,tata hijau dan fasilitas. Hasil perencanaan dipresentasikan dalam bentuk gambar rencana tapak (site plan).
Keyword: perencanaan tapak, rekreasi, Subang, taman kota