Judul: Acute Oral Toxicity Lethal
Dose 50 (LD50) of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum annuum) Infusion in DDY Strain
Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in herbal remedies such as cayenne pepper which is known for its versatility beyond its culinary use. Cayenne pepper’s phytochemicals, including capsaicinoids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, vitamins, and minerals, offer antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiinflammatory properties, making it a valuable ingredient in various fields such as veterinary medicine, agro-food, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals. However, concerns regarding the potential risks of cayenne pepper consumption as herbal medicine arise. This study aims to determine the acute oral toxicity lethal dose 50 (LD50) of cayenne pepper infusion in female DDY strain mice and its effects on the mice's organs. The research involved 20 DDY strain female mice divided into 4 groups which are control group (administered with distilled water) and treatment groups that are given cayenne pepper infusion at doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg BW orally. The observed variables included mortality, clinical symptoms, physiological responses, and organ weight. Acute toxicity testing indicated that the cayenne pepper infusion falls into the category of practically non toxic formulations. Administration of the cayenne pepper infusion up to a dose of 15 g/kg BW did not induce toxicity symptoms, such as clinically pathological symptoms, macro anatomical organ changes, or mortality nor affect both weight gain and loss.
Keyword: cayenne pepper, infusion, acute oral toxicity, DDY strain mice, herbal medicine

Judul: The Acute Toxicity Test of Moringa Seeds (Moringan oleifera L.) Infusion in  Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Potensi biji kelor sebagai bahan obat herbal telah banyak diketahui, namun informasi spesifik mengenai tingkat toksisitas dan keamanan dari biji kelor masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat keamanan infusa biji kelor pada mencit menggunakan metode penentuan nilai lethal dose 50 (LD50), serta memberikan informasi tentang tingkat keamanan infusa biji kelor untuk perkembangannya sebagai bahan obat herbal. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit betina dibagi menjadi empat kelompok dan lima ulangan. Mencit percobaan yang tidak diberi infusa biji kelor dikelompokkan sebagai kontrol, sedangkan yang diberi infusa biji kelor dosis 5, 10, dan 15 g/kg BB sebagai perlakuan. Pemberian infusa biji kelor dilakukan satu kali pada awal penelitian secara oral kemudian mencit diamati gejala klinis, mortalitas, dan bobot badannya. Pada akhir penelitian, mencit percobaan dikorbankan untuk dievaluasi parameter patologi anatomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian infusa biji kelor mendukung pertumbuhan bobot badan mencit secara normal, tanpa menyebabkan kemunculan gejala klinis patologis atau bahkan kematian. Simpulan penelitian ini ialah infusa biji kelor termasuk bahan yang praktis tidak toksik serta aman dan berpotensi untuk dijadikan obat herbal bagi masyarakat, The potential of moringa seeds as herbal medicinal ingredients has been widely known, but specific information regarding the level of toxicity and safety of moringa seeds is still very limited. This study aims to analyze the safety level of moringa seed infusion in mice using the lethal dose 50 (LD50) assessment method, as well as to provide information about the safety level of Moringa seed infusion for its development as a herbal medicine. A total of 20 female mice were divided into four groups with each contain 5 mice. Experimental mice that were not given moringa seed infusion as a control, while those given moringa seed infusion at doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg BW were the treatment. Moringa seed infusion was administered once at the beginning of the study orally and then clinical symptoms, mortality, and body weight were observed. At the end of the study, experimental mice were sacrificed for pathological views. The results showed that giving moringa seed infusion to mice did not cause death or specific clinical symptoms and normal growth. It was concluded that the infusion of moringa seeds including practically non-toxic ingredients.
Keyword: acute toxicity test, infusion, LD50 value, mice, moringa seeds

Judul: Konstruksi aritmetika kurva eliptik F(2m) supersingular dan non-supersingular untuk skema kunci publik ElGamal
Abstrak: Algoritme ElGamal adalah salah satu algoritme kunci publik dengan aritmetik modular p yang mempunyai struktur grip siklik Z(p). Tingkat keanaman algoritme ini terletak pada pemecahan masalah logaritme diskret dari Z(p). Akan tetapi, tingkat keamanan tadi tahun ke tahun semakin menurun yang disebabkan kemampuan pemecahan algoritme diskret semakin meningkat. Untuk memenuhi tingkat keamanan yang memadai dibutuhkan p yang cukup besar yang menyebabkan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi menjadi lambat.
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