Judul: Optimasi proses produksi dan karakterisasi produk serta pendugaan umur simpan olein minyak sawit merah
Abstrak: Minyak sawit merupakan sumber karotenoid alami. Kadar karotenoid dalam minyak sawit berkisar 500 - 700 ppm. Namun, pada proses pemurnian minyak sawit industri minyak goreng selama ini, terutama bleaching, hampir semua karotenoidnya sengaja dihilangkan untuk mendapatkan minyak yang benvarna kuning keernasan. Padahal karotenoid memiliki fungsi sebagai provitamin A dan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang bermanfaat menangkal radikal bebas sebagai penyebab kanker. Hal ini didukung oleh penelitian mutakhir yang menemukan adanya hubungan antara konsumsi pangan kaya karotenoid dengan penurunan tejadinya kanker. Oieh karena itu, diperlukan penelitian untuk menyelamatkan komponen bioaktif dalam minyak sawit ini.
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Judul: Kajian Optimasi Produksi Mikroenkapsulat Minyak Sawit Merah
Abstrak: Produksi minyak sawit mentah (CPO) Indonesia belum terkalahkan tetap menjadi nomor satu sejak tahun 2006. Pesaing terdekat Indonesia adalah Malaysia. Berdasarkan data OilWorld produksi CPO Indonesia tahun 2009 diperkirakan mencapai 20,8 juta ton yang naik 7,6% dibanding 2008 yang sebesar 19,330 juta ton sehingga pada periode tahun ini Indonesia masih merupakan negara dengan produksi CPO terbesar di dunia diikuti oleh negara Malaysia sebesar 17,6 juta ton (www.kilasberita.com). Keunikan minyak sawit dibandingkan dengan minyak nabati lainnya adalah kandungan βkaroten yang sangat tinggi, setara 60.000 IU aktivitas vitamin A, yang berarti 30 kali lebih tinggi dari margarin yang selama ini dianggap sebagai sumber vitamin A (Muchtadi, 1992). Selama ini pada proses pengolahan, warna merah dalam minyak sawit selalu dihilangkan, karena tidak diinginkan makanan yang berwarna merah. Penyebab warna merah tersebut adalah pigmen karotenoid yang sebagian besar terdiri dari β-karoten.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm