Judul: Analysis of Bank Interest Rate Pass Through Behavior in Indonesia Before and During Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Derajat Interest Rate Pass Through (IRPT) adalah salah satu indikasi keefektifan hal tersebut. Adanya Pandemi Covid-19, berpotensi merubah perilaku pass through. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ARDL dan NARDL untuk menganalisis perilaku pass through suku bunga perbankan di Indonesia baik pada produk pinjaman maupun deposito. Periode yang digunakan adalah sebelum pandemi (Januari 2017 hingga Februari 2020) dan saat pandemi (Maret 2020 hingga Desember 2022). Temuan penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan: a) derajat pass through secara umum incomplete b) terjadi penguatan pass through saat pandemi c) pass through deposito lebih besar dibanding pinjaman d) derajat pass through jangka panjang lebih besar e) terdapat upward rigidity jangka panjang suku bunga pinjaman sebelum pandemi dan simetri saat pandemi f) terdapat downward rigidity jangka panjang dan upward rigidity jangka pendek suku bunga deposito kemudian merespon secara simetri saat pandemi., The degree of Interest Rate Pass Through (IRPT) is one indication of the policy effectiveness. The existence of the Covid-19 Pandemic, there may be changes in pass through behavior. This study uses the ARDL and NARDL methods to analyze the pass through behavior of bank interest rates in Indonesia on both loan and deposit products. The research period divided into pre-pandemic (January 2017 untill February 2020) and during pandemic (March 2020 untill December 2022). The research findings lead to the following conclusions: a) the degree of pass through is generally incomplete b) there is a strengthening of pass through during the pandemic c) deposit pass through is greater than loans d) long term pass through is greater than short term e) there is long-term upward rigidity in loan interest rates before the pandemic and symmetry during the pandemic f) there is long-term downward rigidity and short-term upward rigidity in deposit interest rates then respond symmetrically during the pandemic.
Keyword: ARDL, Asymmetric Behavior, Covid-19 Pandemic, Interest Rate Pass Through, NARDL

Judul: Profitability Analysis of Conventional Banks and Islamic Banks in Indonesia Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Covid-19 memiliki dampak yang sangat besar dalam bidang ekonomi termasuk sektor perbankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan rasio keuangan dan determinan yang memengaruhi profitabilitas bank konvensional dan bank syariah di Indonesia periode triwulan I-2019 hingga triwulan IV-2020. Sampel yang digunakan terdiri dari 10 bank konvensional dan 10 bank syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode data panel dengan ROA sebagai variabel dependen. Adapun variabel independen terdiri dari CAR, NPL/NPF, NIM/NOM, BOPO, LDR/FDR, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan inflasi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa CAR dan NIM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, serta BOPO berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA pada bank konvensional. Pada bank syariah, hanya NOM yang menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA dengan arah positif., Covid-19 has a huge impact in the economic field including the banking sector. This research aims to analyze the development of financial ratios and determinants that affect the profitability of conventional banks and Islamic banks in Indonesia in the first quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2020. The sample used consisted of 10 conventional banks and 10 Islamic banks. The study used the panel data method with ROA as a dependent variable. The variables independents consist of CAR, NPL/ NPF, NIM / NOM, BOPO, LDR / FDR, economic growth, and inflation. The results of the data analysis showed that CAR and NIM had a positive and significant effect, and BOPO had a negative and significant effect on ROA on conventional banks. In Islamic banks, only NOM shows a significant influence on ROA in a positive direction.
Keyword: financial ratio, macroeconomic indicators, panel data, profitability, ROA

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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