Judul: Visual Grading of Three Traditional Building in Aceh Province
Abstrak: Bangunan tradisional umumnya menggunakan kayu sebagai bahan baku bangunan. Penggunaan kayu sebagai bahan bangunan membuat bangunan rentan mengalami deteriorasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kondisi visual dan menduga keandalan 3 (tiga) bangunan tradisional di Provinsi Aceh. Identifikasi visual dilakukan pada komponen bangunan atap, dinding, kolom, dinding, pintu dan jendela, serta pondasi atau lantai. Identifikasi meliputi jenis kerusakan yang terjadi pada tiap komponen dan keberadaan organisme perusak. Hasil identifikasi visual menunjukkan jenis kerusakan komponen bangunan umumnya disebabkan oleh cacat berupa retak dan mata kayu. Faktor perusak yang ditemukan berupa jamur pewarna dan rayap. Hasil analisi nilai keandalan dari bangunan tradisional Rumah Maru sebesar 52%, Rumah Rungko 45%, dan Rumah Cut Nyak Dien 72%. Jenis kayu yang digunakan pada Rumah Maru adalah jenis merawan (Hopea sp.), pada Rumah Rungko adalah jenis atedwe (Crataeva sp.), dan pada Rumah Cut Nyak Dien adalah jenis balau (Shorea sp.). Nilai kadar air rerata yang diperoleh masing-masing jenis kayu adalah sebesar 11.64%, 16.47%, dan 15.73%. Nilai rerata BJ dan kerapatan masing-masing jenis kayu yang digunakan sebesar 0.91 dan 1.01 g/cm3, 0.52 dan 0.61 g/cm3, 0.75 dan 0.87 g/cm3. Rumah Maru dan Rumah Rungko masuk kategori rusak ringan, bangunan mengalami kerusakan umumnya pada bagian non struktural, sedangkan Rumah Cut Nyak Dien masuk dalam kategori sedang, bangunan masih berfungsi tanpa adanya pemeliharaan rutin., Traditional buildings generally use wood as a building material. The use of wood as a building material makes buildings easy to be deteriorating. This study aimed to evaluate the visual conditions and estimate the reliability of 3 (three) traditional buildings in Aceh Province. Visual identification was carried out on building components comprising roofs, walls, columns, doors and windows, and base or floors. Identification included the type of damage that has occurred to each component and the presence of destructive organisms. The results of visual identification show the main defects found were cheks/shakes and knots. The deteriorating factors that were found were staining fungi and termite. The reliability value of the traditional buildings of Maru House was 52%, Rungko House 45%, and Cut Nyak Dien House 72%. The wood species used in the Maru House was merawan (Hopea sp.), Rungko House atedwe (Crataeva sp.), and t Cut Nyak Dien House balau (Shorea sp.) wood. The average moisture content value was obtained by each wood species was 11.64%, 16.47%, and 15.73%, respectively. Meanwhile, the mean value of SG and density were 0.91 and 1.01 g/cm3, 0.52 and 0.61 g/cm3, 0.75 and 0.87 g/cm3, respectively Maru's house and Rungko's house were in the lightly damaged category, where the buildings were generally damaged in non-structural parts. Meanwhile, the Cut Nyak Dien House was included in the medium category where the building is still functioning without routine maintenance.
Keyword: building reliability, physical properties, traditional houses, visual identification

Judul: Visual Condition Assessment of the Traditional House of Gadang Mandailing in North Sumatra
Abstrak: Rumah Tradisional Gadang Mandailing merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia yang unik. Rumah Gadang, Rumah Ayu, dan Rumah SD tersusun dari komponen utama kayu. Kayu yang digunakan pada setiap bangunan adalah kayu meranti (Shorea sp.). Identifikasi visual bangunan meliputi pondasi/lantai, dinding, pintu dan jendela, kolom dan atap. Identifikasi meliputi jenis kerusakan dan organisme perusak yang menyerang pada setiap komponen. Hasil identifikasi visual keandalan tiga bangunan rumah adat, yaitu Rumah Gadang 60 %, Rumah Ayu 75%, dan Rumah SD 58%, berdasarkan predikatnya Rumah Gadang dan Rumah SD masuk dalam ketegori Rusak Ringan dimana kedua bangunan mengalami kerusakan umumnya pada bagian non struktural dan Rumah Ayu masuk dalam kategori sedang dimana bangunan masih berfungsi tanpa adanya pemeliharaan rutin. Nilai kadar air rata-rata yang diperoleh pada kayu meranti (Shorea sp.) adalah 11,03%, 11,42%, 12,47 %. Berat Jenis 0,62 g/ cm3, 0,75g/ cm3, 0,75g/ cm3 dan kerapatan 0,69 g/ cm3, 0,84 g/ cm3, 0,85 g/ cm3. Organisme perusak yang ditemui setelah dilakukan pengamatan secara visual berupa serangga jenis Trigona sp., The traditional house of Gadang Mandailing is a distinctive Indonesian cultural heritage. Rumah Gadang, Rumah Ayu, and Rumah SD are constructed of wood as the main component. The wood used in each building is meranti (Shorea sp.). The wood visual condition assessment was conducted through observation on the foundation/floor, walls, doors and windows, columns and roofs. The assessment of the building reliability was analysed on the traditional house buildings, namely Gadang House 60%, Ayu House 75%, and SD House 58%. According to the level of damage, Gadang House and SD House are in Minor Damage Level category, where the two buildings underwent damage in non-structural parts. Meanwhile, Ayu House is in Medium Damage Level, where it is still functioning without routine maintenance. The average moisture content value obtained for each type of wood is 11,03%, 11,42%, 12,47 %. Specific gravity 0,62 g/ cm3, 0,75 g/ cm3, 0,75 g/ cm3 dan density 0,69 g/ cm3, 0,84 g/ cm3, 0.85 g/ cm3. Destructive organisms encountered after visual observation were insects of the Trigona sp.
Keyword: Visual assessment, building reliability, traditional house, physical properties

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
Keyword: