Judul: The Effect of Farm Field Conversion Towards The Loss of Paddy Farming Income and The Factors Influencing It. (Case Study at South Bogor Regency)
Abstrak: Kecamatan Bogor Selatan pada saat ini memiliki lahan pertanian yang luas. Seiring dengan meningkatnya aktifitas pembangunan dan pertambahan penduduk, kebutuhan lahan meningkat. Hal ini menyebabkan alih fungsi lahan pertanian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengestimasi dampak alih fungsi sawah terhadap pendapatan usahatani padi yang hilang di Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi terjadinya perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Bogor Selatan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi alih fungsi lahan dianalisis secara mikro menggunakan model regresi logistik. Dampak yang terjadi dianalisis dengan menggunakan rata-rata selisih perbedaan pendapatan sebelum dan sesudah lahan di konversi. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi alih fungsi lahan pertanian adalah luas lahan, proporsi pendapatan, jarak, dan harga lahan. Rata-rata pengurangan pendapatan petani setelah alih fungsi lahan sebesar Rp 1 023 658/musim., At present, South Bogor Regency has a wide farm field. As the activity of the development and the growth of population increases, the need of farm field increases. This causes the change of farm field function. The aim of this research were (1) to estimate the effect of the change of farm field function towards the loss of paddy farming income in South Bogor Regency, (2) to analyze factors influencing this change in South Bogor Regency. The factors influencing the change were analyzed in micro analysis by using logistic regression model. The occuring effects were analyzed by using the average difference of income before and after the conversion of land. The results showed that the factors influencing this change were the land width, the proportion of income, distance, and the price of land. The average decrease of farmer income after the change of land use was Rp 1 023 658/ season.
Keyword: Alih Fungsi Lahan Pertanian, Analisis Pendapatan, Analisis Regresi Logistik

Judul: Analisis Dampak Konversi Lahan Pertanian ke Non-Pertanian terhadap Pendapatan Petani di Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kota Bogor.
Abstrak: Conversion of agricultural land can affect to the social and economic aspects of society, as happened in Mulyaharja Regency, Bogor City. The purposes of study were to identify the policy factors conversion of agricultural land, to examine the benefits and disadvantages of conversion of agricultural land, and to analyze the impact on farmer's income. This survey used several tools, such as the content analysis, descriptive, and then the aspect of job opportunities, productivity, and changes on farmer’s income. Observations and interviews were conducted to stakeholders in Bogor City government and the farmers who farm on agricultural land. Samples were taken by simple random sampling method. The results showed that the cause factors of the conversion of agricultural land were the expansion of housing and service sectors. The benefits of conversion of agricultural land are contributes to the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) Bogor City, especially to Land and Building Tax (LBT) in Mulyaharja Regency with a percentage is 75% of the total LBT per year. In contrast, the potential loss from conversion to function of labor on wetland is Rp 51 814 366.67/year with lost wage is Rp 1 656 638 095.24/year. Then, in the dryland farmer is Rp 15 703 442.11/year with loss of wage is Rp 550 235 714.29/year. The changes in agricultural productivity on the wetland farmer is Rp 20 325 200/hectar and the loss of income is Rp 1 623 989.60/ton/hectar. In the dryland farmer, decreasing of productivity value is Rp 16 836 480/hectar and the loss of income is Rp 1 312 288.77/ton/hectar.
Keyword: farmers' income, farmer, conversion of land agricultural

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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