Judul: Model Dinamik Swasembada Garam Nasional
Abstrak: Salt has a strategic role as the staple food towards consumption needs and industrial needs in raw materials. The consumption needs covers all aspects in house hold consumption, cooking oil industries, fish curing industries, and other common industries such as oil industry, textile and tannery, feed, chlor alkali (CAP), and pharmacy (Deperin 2009). The potential area for salt sea bank is about 34 hectare, but only 60 percent of this area are used as productive salt sea bank. The production produced by a productive salt sea bank in Indonesia are considered very low as they cannot fulfill the needs generally. The gap between supply and demand generate high dependency towards imported salt. As a step to reduce the dependency, in 2011, the government came up with the idea of the national salt self sufficiency. The achievement of this program can be measured by the availability of consumption and industrial salt needs. This research was done to (1) build a model of the national salt supply system to measure the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency, (2) analyze the impact of this self sufficiency achievement in the national salt self sufficiency, and (3) compose an alternative policy needed as an effort to achieve the salt self sufficiency. In this research, the dynamic system approach is used. The impact of this national salt self sufficiency policy is analyzed using five scenario: (1) scenario 1 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 60 percent of the achievement indicator), (2) scenario 2 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 80 percent of the achievement indicator), (3) scenario 3 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 100 percent of the achievement indicator with the lower limit of extensification), (4) scenario 4 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 100 percent of the achievement indicator with the middle limit of extensification), (5) scenario 5 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 100 percent of the achievement indicator with the upper limit of extensification). In arranging the alternative policy, three scenarios are needed; (1) scenario 6: scenario 4 with the correction in the PUGAR productivity increasement policy in 97 tons/hectare, (2) scenario 7: scenario 6 with the assumption of ; all grassroots salt companies are the member of PUGAR, and (3) scenario 8: scenario 7 plus salt consumption reduction for household based on the salt intake recommendation of WHO (2007) which is 5 grams per day per capita and and the increasement of salt quality produced by the grassroots supplier so there will be no more purification needed. The analysis shown that in real condition, the supply of consumption salt fluctuated during the stimulation period. Deficit supply in extreme weather. While during normal weather, Indonesia could achieve the consumption salt self sufficiency. But the actual processing of salt in Indonesia does not support the self sufficiency program gradually. While the industrial salt supply is lack during the stimulation program. This condition happened because in actual processing, Indonesia cannot produce their own industrial salt.
Keyword: 

Judul: Kajian Pengembangan Sentra Tambak Garam Rakyat di Kawasan Pesisir Selatan Kabupaten Sampang Provinsi Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Salt is a vital commodity that has an important role either for consumption or for various industrial activities. Salt demand has been increasing annually and apparently domestic production has not fulfilled the demand. Sampang is one of regency in Jawa Timur Province which has comparative advantages because of its widest conventional salt pond in Madura island. Development of conventional salt pond center in the south coast region of Sampang Regency is an attempt to address the national shortage of salt and also to increase regional economic. This research aims: (1) to identify potential land for extension of the salt ponds, (2) to analyze land rent of various land use types and compare it with salt ponds, (3) to determine and to compare the financial benefits among harvesting methods in the salt production, and (4) to formulate the strategic direction for development of conventional salt pond center at the study sites. The results show that there were 2 398.55 hectares of potential land for extending salt ponds consisting of 2 142.45 ha of paddy fields, 152.38 ha of aquaculture ponds, 54.91 ha of field/moor, 42.36 ha of swamp, 5.72 ha of scrub and 0.74 ha of mixed gardens. Land rent of trade and service activity, residential, ”jambu air” orchard, teak garden, irrigated field, rainfed, banana plantation and mango orchard were higher than land rent of salt pond which was ranging from 1 675 to Rp2 954 IDR per m2 per year. While paddy field, bamboo gardens, and fish ponds were underneath salt pond. Salt ponds regarding its suitability, land rent and type of land use could be extended in these type of land use respectively, i.e: aquaculture ponds, rainfed cropland, swamp, shrub, paddy fields, banana plantation, mango orchards, and bamboo gardens. All of harvesting methods in salt production are financially feasible to continue (NPV > 0; IRR > discount rate). Payback period and Net BCR show that the geomembrane method was more profitable than the “maduris” and the “portugis” method. Combination of strategic alternatives selected by A’WOT as the primary strategy to develop conventional salt pond center in the south coast region of Sampang Regency are: (1) strengthening the institutions of salt farmers to assist regulations enforcement, (2) increasing volume of production and increasing salt quality, and (3) expanding and streamlining the distribution network by government intervention.
Keyword: 

Judul: Immunohystochemical Characterization of Integrin Alfa 6 in Uterine and Cervix of the Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with MfPV3 Infection
Abstrak: Kanker serviks merupakan suatu pertumbuhan abnormal dari sel epitel jaringan serviks akibat adanya infeksi persisten human papillomavirus (HPV). Data World Health Organization pada tahun 2017 menyatakan kanker serviks menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar kedua pada wanita setelah kanker payudara. Monyet ekor panjang (MEP) secara alami dapat terinfeksi Macaca fascicularis Papillomavirus 3 (MfPV3) yang secara filogenetik, virus tersebut memiliki kekerabatan yang sangat dekat dengan HPV onkogenik pada manusia (HPV-16 dan HPV-34), yaitu genus alpha papillomavirus. Integrin alfa 6 (ITGα6) merupakan reseptor yang ditemukan pada pada manusia dengan HPV positif dan merupakan reseptor yang sebagian besar diekspresikan oleh sel epitel dan populasi sel punca kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji MEP sebagai hewan model HPV melalui karakterisasi reseptor ITGα6 menggunakan uji imunohistokimia serta menentukan tingkatan atau derajat dari cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) pada jaringan serviks yang terinfeksi MfPV3. Studi ini menggunakan sampel arsip dalam Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) jaringan uterus dan serviks MEP positif MfPV3 secara spontan dan negatif MfPV3. Hewan berusia sekitar 2-6 tahun dengan kisaran berat badan 2-4 kg. Jaringan uterus dan serviks diproses untuk pembuatan histologi dan dilakukan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) untuk menentukan derajat CIN serta pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi anti human ITGα6. Evaluasi pewarnaan imunohistokima menggunakan lima lapang pandang mikroskopis, pembesaran lensa objektif 40X per slide. Gambar dikuantifikasi menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ ver 1.53, parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas warna dan luas area sel positif ITGα6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 80% sampel positif memiliki CIN dan peningkatan ekspresi ITGα6 pada kelompok hewan positif MfPV3 dibandingkan pada kelompok hewan negatif MfPV3. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa MEP betina berpotensi sebagai model praklinis alternatif dan sangat relevan untuk studi biologi Papillomavirus.
Keyword: human papillomavirus (hpv), immunohistokimia, ITGα6, Macaca fascicularis