Judul: Distribution of attack by wooly adelgid (Pinus boerneri) on pine stand (Pinus merkusii) (Case study in KPH Sumedang, Perum Perhutani Unit III, West Java and Banten)
Abstrak: Pine tree is known as one of the Indonesian commercial timber. Timber produced by pine tree has clear yellowish white color, which make it very attractive to be used for various furniture, house building, floor, furniture and various other products. Pine trees which are abundantly planted as plantation forest have some risk to be attacked by pest and disease. Monoculture condition of plantation forest which tends to be homogeneous, increases the tendency of attack by pest and diseases. At present, there is found pest species of the order Hemiptera which is known by the term wooly adelgid (Pineus boerneri). Pest wooly adelgid which attacks P. merkusii in Indonesia constitutes a new pest which was originated from outside Indonesia (exotic) and at present has not been found in other kinds of pine trees. Knowledge on distribution and condition of attack by wooly adelgid in pine stand is needed to determine the natural control action through environmental modification to create environment which is unfavorable for the wooly adelgid pest.
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Judul: Pengaruh Serangan Kutulilin Pinus (Pineus boerneri) Terhadap Kualitas Getah Tusam (Pinus merkusii Jungh, at de Vriese)
Abstrak: Pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh, at de Vriese) is one type of Indonesia native plant which grows fast and produces lumber and resin. Pine wood is a type of trade timber in Indonesia and its latex can be processed as rosin and turpentine. Since 1997, in Indonesia P. merkusii has been attacked by Pineus boerneri (Pine Woolly Adelgide) which can cause damage and even death of the plant. This research has purpose to know the effect of P. boerneri on the quality of P. merkusii latex. The sample trees were determined by purposive sampling and with five replications for each attack criterion (no attack, mild, moderate and severe). The latex was obtained by tapping directly with “Koakan” method. The harvesting of latex every three days for three times the collection. The parameters observed are color, water content, dirt level, acid number and base number of the latex. The result of this research shows that the Pine Woolly Adelgide attacks can affect the color, dirt level, water content, acid number and base number of the latex. The mild, moderate and severe attack levels of Pine Woolly Adelgide can make the dirt level of the latex become higher than normal one, while the color, moisture content, acid number and base number of the latex are only affected by moderate and severe attacks of Pine Woolly Adelgide.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4