Judul: Selection of sorghum mutan line [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] for high yield and bioethanol production in acid soil strees condition With participatory plant breeding approach
Abstrak: Sorghum is one of high value commodities for food and energy security, because two commodities could be cultivated integratedly in one time and space. Sorghum is drought tolerance plant and suitable to be developed in Indonesia dry lands. The major problem of dry land in Indonesia is predominance of acid soil with Al toxicity. Participatory plant breeding program could be introduced in marginal land to improve adoption of the selected lines. The objective of this research was to develop sorghum variety tolerant to acid soil with high productivity of grain and bioethanol through Participatory Plant Breeding approaches. This research consisted of three stages, i.e: (1) evaluation of sorghum mutant lines in acid soil, (2) participatory varietal selection of sorghum mutant lines in acid soil, and (3) preliminary yield trial of selected lines in acid soil. Evaluation of sorghum mutant lines in acid soil was conducted by screening 61 mutant lines developed through gamma irradiation. The selection was conducted in an augmented design in Central-Lampung. Fiveteen lines selected from the screening in acid soil was used in a participatory varietal selection conducted in four different regions in Lampung in mother and baby trials. The prelimenary yield trial was conducted in a randomized complete block design experiment with 24 sorghum lines in three replications in East-Lampung. The results from the screening in acid soil showed that sorghum mutant lines ZH30-29-07, ZH30-30- 07, and ZH30-35-07 were tolerant in acid soil with high grain productivity and mutant lines PSj-60-05, ZH30-35-07, ZH30-29-07, and PSj-96-05 showed high ethanol productivity. The result of the participatory varietal selection showed that there were differences in preference among farmers in one location or between locations to mutant line selection traits, which led to differences in selected lines. Farmers preferred traits were resistance to loging, short maturity, good performance and high panicle weight. Famers selected ZH30-29-07, ZH30-30- 07, and ZH30-35-07 which have resistance to loging and good performance and high panicle weight, and selected B-76 and B-92 mutant line for ideal plant height and short maturity. There were similarity in selected lines between reseachers and farmers in PVS. The similar selection were ZH30-29-07, ZH30- 30-07, dan ZH30-35-07. This result showed that farmers have indigenous knowledge could to used for plant beeding program. Sorghum mutant lines i.e GH-ZB43-07, PSj-95-05, ZH30-29-07, and ZH30-30-07 showed highest grain yield, and ZH30-35-07, BR-ZH30-06-07, and PSj-95-05 showed highest ethanol production in the yield trial compared to national varieties. Mutant line PSj-95- 05 was both highest in grain and ethanol production.
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Judul: Physiological adaptation of Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to aluminum toxicity and phosphorous deficiency in acid soils.
Abstrak: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is an ideal crop to be developed as food diversification and source of bioethanol in Indonesia because this crop has high adaptability to be grown in dry lands. From a total of 148.2 millions ha dry land in Indonesia, an estimated are of 108 millions ha are acid soil (ultisols). Acid soils have low fertility and Al toxicity which are major constraints for crop production in acid soil. For sorghum production in acid dry lands, sorghum varieties having high adaptation to acid soil have to be developed. The objectives of this study was to obtain complete information about the physiological adaptation to aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency which can be used as the character selection in breeding program to obtain the tolerant sorghum in acid soils. The genotypes used was Numbu (Tolerant), ZH-30-29-07 (Tolerant), B-69 (sensitive) and B-75 (sensitive) from selected on acid soils in Lampung. The study on physiological mechanism of sorghum adaptation to acid soils has resulted in information that the main limiting factor in soghum growth in acid soil was phosphorous deficiency. Under sufficient P, without liming, the sensitive genotype produced similar yield. The tolerant genotype, Numbu and ZH30-29-07 showed higher ability to maintain root growth under Al stress and P deficiency. The tolerant genotypes also showed higher ability to absorp nutient under low P condition compared to sensitive genotypes. The lowest concentration of 74 μM Al can reduce the growth in all genotypes tested. The longer the sorghum roots exposed to the stress, the higher the value of scoring and the accumulation of aluminum in the roots under Al toxicity. Sorghum genotypes had specific absorption rate was high, but it was not followed by increasing of roots length, roots dry weight and shoot dry weight. Specific absorption rate is more affected by Al stress rather than increasing level of P. Genotype ZH-30-29-07 were tolerant in identified in acid soils showed the moderate response to Al toxicity in nutrient solution. The higher aluminum concentration leading to greater plant growth inhibition. The tolerant genotypes had the internal mechanism (tolerance) in the face under low P condition by increasing the efficiency of internal phosphor (interrelated), otherwise the sensitive genotype had the external mechanism (avoidance) through increased P absorption or total P . There was no relationship between the use efficiency of P with total P content of plant both in testing using the acid soils in rhizotron and nutrient solution.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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