Judul: Senyawa Penciri Damar Mata Kucing untuk Pembaruan Parameter Standar Nasional Indonesia
Abstrak: The best quality cat eyes dammar that has high price in market is produced by Shorea javanica. Indonesia National Standard (SNI) 2900:1999 classifies the grade of cat eyes dammar based on parameters of softening point, acid number, ash content, toluene insoluble matter content, solution properties in 50% toluene, and solution properties in 20% toluene. The grades of cat eyes dammar are A, B, C, D, E, A/D, A/E, and Bubuk. Most of the parameters cannot be used to classify this commodity distinctly so that a quantitative chemical parameter is needed. The results showed that most of the SNI parameters have low agreement with the grades as determined by sellers. To obtain chemical profile, toluene extracts for all sample were analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometer. α-Copaene was identified in all cat eyes dammar samples and linearly correlated with the dammar grades. The same result was showed in resin content. These results were potencial to become new parameter for SNI revising.
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Judul: Dammar extract for cloudifier and phosphorylation dammar for weighting agent
Abstrak: Damar merupakan hasil hutan bukan kayu di Indonesia, salah satunya adalah damar mata kucing. Damar ini telah lama dikenal sebagai damar terbaik di dunia dan digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengembangkan agens pengeruh dan agens pemberat dari damar mata kucing (Shorea javanica) di Lampung. Sam pel getah damar berbentuk lempeng yang diperoleh dari Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Rasil Rutan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Kehutanan (P3HH BPPK) dihasilkan dari proses pelelehan pada suhu 105°C dan penyaringan dalam keadaan panas. Bahan pengeruh yang diperoleh memiliki spesifikasi: (a) nilai minimum turbiditasnya pada konsentrasi 1% (b/v) dalam air 180 FTU, (b) stabil minimum selama 12 minggu, dan (c) praktis nontoksik. Bobot jenis bahan pemberat yang diperoleh minimum 1.14 glmi. Metode pengembangan bahan pengeruh meliputi ekstraksi komponen nonpolimer dalam etanol pada konsentrasi 6.0-25.5 gil dan penyaringan. Filtrat yang diperoleh adalah cairan jernih yang mempunyai turbiditas 211 FTU bila diencerkan 100 kali dengan air. Pengeringan bahan pengeruh menunjukkan bahwa rendemen fraksi nonpolimer dalam damar adalah 52.09% (bib). Spektrogram FTIR terhadap bahan pengeruh setelah dikeringkan menunjukkan bahwa dalam bahan pengeruh terdapat senyawa-senyawa yang mempunyai gugus alkil, karbonil, vinil, dan hidroksil. Penguj ian kestabilan bahan pengeruh dilakukan dengan teknik sentrifugasi produk segar dan penyimpanan pada suhu ruang. Setelah disentrifugasi pada 1400 dan 2800 rpm selama 10 men it, bahan pengeruh masih stabil. Penyimpanan bahan pengeruh pada suhu ruang juga menunjukkan bahwa BTP ini stabil selama lebih dari 12 minggu. Pengkajian keamanan pangan bahan pengeruh melalui pengujian toksisitas akut pada tikus Sprague Dawley menunjukkan bahwa ni!ai LDso bahan pengeruh 5.00-7.21 g/kg sehingga dapat dikategorikan sebagai praktis nontoksik.
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Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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