Judul: Analisis Perubahan Protein Kasar dan Energi Metabolis pada Ransum Ayam Broiler Bentuk Crumble dan Pellet
Abstrak: Nutrien seperti kandungan protein kasar dan energi metabolis pada ransum dibutuhkan untuk produktivitas ayam broiler.Protein kasar berfungsi dalam pembentukan jaringan tubuh sedangkan energi metabolis dibutuhkan untuk aktivitas.Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan kandungan protein kasar dan energi metabolis pada bentuk ransum yang berbeda serta membandingkan dengan harga relatif ransum.Metode survei secara purposive digunakan dalam penelitian ini pada peternakan komersial dan kemitraan.Lokasi peternakan komersial di Kecamatan Cigudeng, Ciseeng dan Gunung Sindur, dan peternakan kemitraan di Kecamatan Ciomas dan Leuwiliang.Sampel bentuk ransum crumble dan pelletdiambil tujuhkode produksi sebagai ulangan. Data berupa protein kasar dan energi metabolis dianalisis dengan uji T dan dideskripsikan hasil wawancara. Ransum di peternakan mengalami penurunan kandungan protein kasar sedangkan energi metabolisransum bentuk crumble tidak berbeda nyata dan energi metabolis ransum bentuk pellet meningkat di peternakan.Seiring menurunnya nutrien pada ransum, meningkat pula harga nutrien tersebut yang harus dibayar oleh peternak.
Keyword: energi metabolis, harga, protein kasar, ransum

Judul: Analisis Perubahan Bahan Kering dan Bahan Organik Ransum Ayam Broiler Bentuk Pellet dan Crumble
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis perubahan bahan kering dan bahan organik ransum ayam broiler bentuk pellet dan crumble serta membandingkan harga nutrien bentuk ransum berbeda di pabrik pakan dan di peternakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei pada peternakan komersial dan kemitraan di Kabupaten Bogor. Lokasi peternakan komersial di Kecamatan Ciseeng, Gunung Sindur dan Cigudeg dan peternakan kemitraan di Kecamatan Leuwiliang dan Ciomas. Sampel bentuk ransum berupa ransum bentuk pellet dan crumble. Total sampel sebanyak tujuh kode produksi pada masing-masing bentuk ransum. Data primer diperoleh dari analisis sampel bentuk ransum dengan near infra red sprectroscopy (NIRS) serta hasil wawancara, sedangkan data sekunder adalah hasil analisis ransum bentuk pellet dan crumble dari data pabrik. Data nutrien berupa bahan kering (BK) dan bahan organik (BO) dianalisis dengan uji t dua sampel berpasangan dan dideskripsikan hasil wawancara. Kandungan BK ransum bentuk pellet meningkat di peternakan komersial, namun BO tetap. BK dan BO ransum bentuk crumble relatif tetap di peternakan kemitraan. Kandungan BK dan BO berpengaruh terhadap harga ransum bentuk pellet dan crumble.
Keyword: bahan kering, bahan organik, crumble, harga, pellet

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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