Judul: Decision Support System for Rehabilitation Bond of Mining Area
Abstrak: Mining is an effort to remove in situ minerals resources, which is in exploitation stage that employ surface mining method is critical, yet mostly close to huge spatial opening, therefore suitable planning and operation is required to synchronize both of economical and environmental interests. Due to the prudent principle of the Government on a mining company, by regardless its principal and scale, the company is obliged to insure any spatial opening during their operation period by allocating appropriate fund in a certain Bank, as Reclamation Bond. Determining the Reclamation Bond needs both skill and expertise, otherwise it would consume time, even perfunctorily. Dealing with the necessity of Reclamation Bond assessment tool, this study attempted to develop a decision support system (DSS) approach to support fast and objective problem solution for evading disputability. The objective of this project is to develop a Mining Rehabilitation Bond System, which can provide the additional tool for the Government as Decision Support System to evaluate any company planning concerning cost estimation either suitable or not to be agreed with, determining adequate amount direct cost and indirect cost and emphasizing mine stakeholder awareness of any decision support related to cost of mining reclamation activity The Mining Rehabilitation Bond System is designed to support decision making, in order to minimize DSS implementation, data base manipulation through Visual Basic programming language. Beside direct cost analysis and indirect cost analysis, there is also manual analysis to perform additional data for structure demolition calculation and earth moving activities. The main focus of this system design is to estimate the amount of escalation per year that have to meet mining company’s reclamation cost planning. Based on the result, the combination of DSS Tool and reclamation formula can produce application system for rehabilitation bond. This calculation system is used to evaluate Reclamation Bond for 5 (five) years and annual reclamation cost based on direct and indirect cost of reclamation activity. This application tries to attempt evaluating system of mining company’s reclamation data. The application system has several weaknesses such as haul distance and grade consideration that should be measured manually, need socialization to mining company association and never published yet. The Mining Rehabilitation Bond System still needs to be tested for knowing its performance including its database system through several data from company (KK, KP and PKP2B) and the calculation of haul distance and grade of equipment needs digital input using spatial approach or digital map digitizer.
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Judul: Analisis Penerapan Performance Bond pada Kegiatan Pertambangan Bahan Galian C (Studi Kasus: Kecamatan Rumpin, Kabupaten Bogor, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Bertambahnya penduduk meningkatkan kebutuhan pangan dan lapangan kerja. Besarnya kebutuhan penduduk akan meningkatkan ekstraksi Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan (SDAL). Setiap ekstraksi Sumberdaya Alam (SDA) pasti menghasilkan limbah atau sulit untuk mencapai zero waste. Selain menghasilkan limbah yang menurunkan kualitas jasa lingkungan, usaha-usaha peningkatan kebutuhan penduduk juga menimbulkan eksternalitas negatif berupa peningkatan kerusakan lingkungan. Performance bond diberlakukan ketika aktivitas ekonomi yang dilakukan berpotensi menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan hidup dan kelestarian SDA. Kebijakan tersebut dinilai dapat mengurangi tingkat kerusakan lingkungan, bahkan diharapkan dapat merestorasi lingkungan pasca tambang. Berdasarkan penelitian yang dilakukan di Kecamatan Rumpin, manfaat yang diterima masyarakat atas pendapatan keluarga lebih besar dari kerugian yang diterima masyarakat. Kerugian yang dirasakan masyarakat sekitar kawasan tambang yaitu adanya tambahan biaya pengobatan dan biaya memperoleh air bersih. Oleh karena itu perusahaan tidak harus member kompensasi kepada masyarakat. Tetapi perusahan harus member kompensasi kepada pihak Kecamatan Rumpin sebagai ganti rugi atas kerusakan jalan sebesar Rp 90 000 000 000 yang harus dibayarkan selama 14 tahun. Kenyataannya, banyaknya perusahaan yang tidak membayar jaminan atau tidak melakukan reklamasi. Hal tersebut mungkin karena peraturan pemerintah tingkat meso dan mikro yang belum melengkapi peraturan tingkat makro dengan baik, selain karena pengawasan dan pembinaan yang perlu ditingkatkan. Hasil analisis kelayakan finansial menunjukkan bahwa perusahan tambang bahan galian C yang diteliti layak berdasarkan empat kriteria kelayakan yaitu, NPV, BCR, IRR, dan Payback Period. Perusahaan tersebut ternyata masih dapat dikatakan layak setelah biaya reklamasi dan kompensasi jalan kecamatan dimasukkan dalam perhitungan.
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Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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