Judul: Simulasi Desain Pengering Efek Rumah Kaca Untuk Pengeringan Cengkeh (Eugenia caryophyllus)
Abstrak: Cengkeh merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang bersifat musiman yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam bidang pangan maupun non pangan. Produksi cengkeh sebagian besar digunakan pada industri rokok kretek, disamping sebagai bahan obat dan kosmetik dan parfum. Oleh karena itu untuk mempertahankan mutu cengkeh tersebut dilakukan usaha pengeringan supaya tahan lama untuk disimpan dan memberikan nilai tambah. Pengeringan efek rumah kaca merupakan pilihan alternatif karena lebih murah, mudah mengoperasikannya, ramah lingkungan dan pembuatannya mudah.
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Judul: Tinjauan Agriklimatologi  Cengkeh (Eugenia caryophyllus (Sprengel) Bullock et Harrison) Di Perseroan Terbatas (PT) Buana Estate Unit Hambalang, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Manusia telah lama memanfaatkan bunga cengkeh untuk berbagai kepentingan. Sejak 2000 tahun yang lalu, ceng- keh dikenal sebagai obat dan rempah-rempah. Di India cengkeh digunakan dalam upacara keagamaan, sedangkan di Persia (Iran) diceritakan bahwa cengkeh merupakan lambang cinta dan dipergunakan pada upacara pernikahan. Saat ini cengkeh selain digunakan untuk rempah-rempah dan obat peme- liharaan gigi, juga dipergunakan sebagai bahan periang dalam rokok kretek, bahan industri parfum, obat-obatan serta vanillin untuk membuat kue. Sedangkan kayunya dapat digunakan untuk peti kamfer yang tahan terhadap pelapukan (Wilson, 1984). Di Indonesia cengkeh merupakan komoditi yang memegang peranan penting dalam perekonomian. Ini disebabkan karena cengkeh mempunyai fungsi ganda, baik sebagai sumber penda- patan bagi sebagian besar rakyat, maupun sebagai pembuka lapangan kerja dalam industri rokok kretek (Karyanto, 1984). Sejak tahun 1920 cengkeh mulai digunakan sebagai bahan pembuatan rokok kretek di Indonesia. Terhitung se jak tahun 1930 Indonesia merupakan konsumen terbesar dari produk cengkeh dunia untuk industri rokok kretek (Hadiwi- jaya, 1981). Negara Indonesia yang dulu merupakan peng- eksport cengkeh, setelah tahun 1950 berbalik menjadi peng- import cengkeh terbesar. Tahun 1959 sampai tahun 1979 ...
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Judul: Morphofunctional Characteristic of the Shoulder and Upper Arm Muscles of The Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
Abstrak: Orangutans are arboreal primates that have similarities to gorillas and chimpanzees from both anatomical and physiological aspects, although there are distinct behaviors that allow for differentiation in the structure of the locomotor apparatus. This research aims to study the anatomy of the muscles of the shoulders and upper-arm of the Bornean orangutan associated with the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This study was conducted by observing the morphology of the shoulders and upper-arms muscles and watching their behaviors through video observations. The results showed that the rotator cuff muscles in orangutans were relatively thick resulted in well-fixed shoulders. Musculus rhomboideus occipitalis is only observed in orangutans to facilitate them during arboreal activities such as brachiation. The external trunk muscle in orangutans is found to be relatively large compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, due to the lifting of the upper arms while in trees and on the ground. Musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii were well developed as flexors of the elbow joint and hold the body mass while climbing up the tree. The Bornean orangutans' activities are more arboreal than those in gorillas and chimpanzees, thus their shoulder and upper arm muscles were more developed to support brachiation activities., Orangutans are arboreal primates that have similarities to gorillas and chimpanzees from both anatomical and physiological aspects, although there are distinct behaviors that allow for differentiation in the structure of the locomotor apparatus. This research aims to study the anatomy of the muscles of the shoulders and upper-arm of the Bornean orangutan associated with the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This study was conducted by observing the morphology of the shoulders and upper-arms muscles and watching their behaviors through video observations. The results showed that the rotator cuff muscles in orangutans were relatively thick resulted in well-fixed shoulders. Musculus rhomboideus occipitalis is only observed in orangutans to facilitate them during arboreal activities such as brachiation. The external trunk muscle in orangutans is found to be relatively large compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, due to the lifting of the upper arms while in trees and on the ground. Musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii were well developed as flexors of the elbow joint and hold the body mass while climbing up the tree. The Bornean orangutans' activities are more arboreal than those in gorillas and chimpanzees, thus their shoulder and upper arm muscles were more developed to support brachiation activities.
Keyword: arboreal, Bornean orangutans, shoulders and upper-arm muscles, terrestrial