Judul: Institutional development of the function recovery of tarakan protection forest as the ecosystem buffer of small islands
Abstrak: The Background that prompted this research was the damages of Tarakan Protection Forest (in Indonesian, Hutan Lindung Pulau Tarakan or HLPT), which is a common pool resource of state property. The main purpose of this research was to formulate recovery-functioned institutional development of HLPT as a buffering ecosystem for small islands. The main objectives were achieved through the following sub-objectives: (1) to understand the capacity organization and to find priority areas in improving management organization capacity, (2) to find the main cause for the failure of intergovernment agency coordination in the management of HLPT, (3) to find causes of disharmony the users community behavior with the purposes of HLPT management based on the perceptions and motivations, (4) to find the well-defined spatial boundaries, stakeholders, authority (rights and responsibilities) and incentive structure on function recovery of HLPT. The analysis was conducted using organizational capacity analysis technique, inter-government agency coordination analysis, qualitative analysis of content, descriptive analysis of perception and motivation, land cover analysis, stakeholder analysis, taxonomic and componential analysis and analysis of payments for environmental services, while the synthesis was carried out using the technique of discovering cultural themes. Based on the study conducted, the results were as follows: (1) The capacity of Technical Implementation Unit of Protection Forest Management as a site organizer was low (nil-moderate), suggesting low ability of the unit to achieve the objectives of HLPT management; (2) The coordination capacity of inter-government agency within the management of HLPT was considerably low since of the ambiguous regarding jurisdiction, lack of information and consultation. On the other hand, coordination tended to use the vertical coordination mechanism which was characterized by the coordination undertaken by the highest leadership levels of government organizations (ministers, governors, regents/mayors, district secretary). The consequences are coordination status failure among government agencies in the management of HLPT due to the inabililty to eliminite redundancies, incoherencies and untackled urgent issues. This suggest minimum coodination to field-spatial based programs and coordination system among government agencies that hasn’t embodied yet; (3) The low level of users’ community perception of functional and optional benefits, low levels of economic and environment motivation, and the high social motivation of the users’ community in utilization Protection Forest Resource of Tarakan Island had become the primary causes of disharmony among behavior of users’ community and the management objectives of HLPT. This refers to perception and motivation that didn’t support the main purpose of HLPT management; (4) In general, HLPT ecosystem consists of forest and non-forest ecosystems, which, if the HLPT function recovery efforts were to be done, would involve 13 key stakeholders. Furthermore, it was identified that the water users community were the beneficiaries who had the willingness to pay Rp 300 m-3 which is a potential source of funding of forest and land rehabilitation.
Keyword: Forest protection, Common pool resources, Environmental resources

Judul: Analysis of policy making process and implementation of decentralized management of protected forest policy
Abstrak: Base on Regulation 38/2007, the management of protected forests decentralized to regency government. Even though decentralization policy of forest management on protected forests has been enforced, deforestation still continues to occur. This indicates that the policy is not effective. The ineffectiveness of the policy can be caused by the policy itself or failures in its implementation. Content of a policy is closely related to the process of policy making itself. Currently, political framework of the decentralization policy formulation in the management of natural resources and environment (including protected forest management) is based on administrative approach rather than ecosystem approach. This research aims to: i) identify the policy making process of decentralized management of protected forest, ii) analyze the gap between decentralization policy and its implementation, iii) analyze the performance of regency government in managing protected forests, and iv) analyze the appropriate form of decentralized management of protected forests in accordance with Forest Management Unit (FMU/KPH) concept. The research was conducted in three regencies within Batanghari watershed area, namely East Tanjung Jabung regency (downstream), Sarolangun regency (middle stream), and South Solok regency (upstream). Qualitative methods were used to analyze policy making process, discourse analysis, assumption analysis, and qualitative descriptive. Besides quantitative method was used to conduct scoring, in the assesment of regency government performance, economic and ecological benefits, and social capital of communities around the forest areas. In order to support the assesment of regency government performance, analysis of forest cover changes was carried out including forest cover in year 1990, 2000 and 2009. The research showed that there are three discourses in policy making process on authority division, namely i) the democratic discourse, ii) the economic discourse and iii) the economic and democratic discourses. It is difficult to implement externality narative in the process of authority division policy making. Redefinition of externalities and interdependencies can be used as narratives of new policies to improve the policy division of authority among government levels. There still exists some gaps between decentralized policy and its implementation, where each stakeholder has not play its role appropriately yet. The average score of performance of three regencies governments in the management of protected forest is relatively low, which is showed by the high deforestation rate. Theoritically, there are four options of FMU institution, namely: the the central government FMU through delegation to regency goverment, the provincial FMU, the regency FMU, and the national/regionally owned enterprises (BUMN/BUMD). Policy of asymmetric decentralization is an option in decentralised management of protected forest, because forestry is an option matter.
Keyword: Decentralized Management, forest management, protected forest

Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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