Judul: Pemanfaatan Model Climex untuk Analisis Potensi Serangan Hama Penggerek Buah Kopi
Abstrak: The Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemeus hampei Ferr.) as well known as Penggerek Buah Kopi (PBKo) has caused excessive losses in Indonesian coffee plantations. This problem need to be avoid systematically. Preventing such losses can be approached through the use of ecoclimatic prediction. Climex is an ecoclimatic computer-based program to predict the potential spread of PBKo in some certain regions. Using minimum data set and some simple functions, Climex can describe the species responses against temperature and humidity. The attack potential of the species was represented by Ecoclimatic Index (EI). The study examined prediction in three regions on the basis of different elevation, i.e., Bogor 350m asl, Kuningan 548m asl and Pacet 1130m asl. The analysis of ‘compare location’ function indicates that the climate of these three locations are suitable for the PBKo’s distribution. Pacet is the most suitable climate with highest EI value. There is no stress indication in this area so that PBKo could spread optimally. Analysis of ‘compare years’ function indicates that the spread existed from year to year. The results show a dry stress index from June to December in Kuningan area which affected a decrease of EI value and suppressed the spread of PBKo towards the lethal point. Meanwhile wet stress occurred in Bogor, although its value is too low to affect the EI value. Simulation of climate changes function shows that the attack response to the temperature changes is more varied than rainfall. This phenomenon indicates that the spread of PBKo is more sensitive against temperature changes. The use of Climex prediction could represent the actual field attack where the pattern of the actual field attack is close to the EI value.
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Judul: Potential Attack of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) Based on Climatic Conditions in Tanggamus Regency
Abstrak: Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan dalam sektor perkebunan di Indonesia. Salah satu sentra kopi di Indonesia ada di Provinsi Lampung dengan kontribusi 17% dari produksi kopi nasional. Hama penggerek buah kopi (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) menjadi hama utama yang menyerang tanaman kopi di Indonesia yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil panen dan kualitas biji kopi. Kabupaten Tanggamus merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Lampung dengan produksi kopi sebesar 34.129 ton pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi serangan hama penggerek buah kopi (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) di Kabupaten Tanggamus berdasarkan nilai ecoclimatic index (EI) menggunakan model Climex dengan periode tahun 1989- 2018. Nilai EI di Kabupaten Tanggamus memiliki rentang nilai 71 sampai 97 yang menandakan hama BPKo sesuai dengan kondisi iklim di Kabupaten Tanggamus. Indeks stress (SI) menjadi faktor yang membatasi perkembangan hama penggerek buah kopi di Kabupaten Tanggamus pada tahun 1989, 1991, 1997, 2008, 2012 dan 2015. Dry stress (DS) terjadi tiga kali yaitu tahun 1991, 1997 dan 2015, kejadian dry stress (DS) tersebut dipicu karena adanya penurunan rata-rata curah hujan yang menyebabkan nilai soil moisture (SM) berada dibawah nilai ambang batas dry stress (SMDS). Selain itu, ketinggian tempat mempengaruhi nilai EI hama penggerek buah kopi di Kabupaten Tanggamus, semakin tinggi suatu tempat maka nilai EI akan semakin rendah., Coffee is one of the prime commodities in the plantation sector in Indonesia. One of the coffee growing hubs in Indonesia is Lampung with a 17% contribution to the national coffee production. The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) is the main pest that attacks coffee plants in Indonesia, which leads to a decrease in yield and quality of coffee beans. Tanggamus Regency is a one of the regency in Lampung Province with 34.129 tons of coffee production in 2020. This research aims to analyze the potential attack of coffee berry borer pests (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) in Tanggamus Regency based on the ecoclimatic index (EI) value using the Climex model with the period 1989-2018. The EI value in Tanggamus Regency has a value range from 71 to 97, which indicates that BPKo pests are compatible with the climatic conditions in Tanggamus Regency. The stress index (SI) is a factor that limits the development of coffee berry borer in Tanggamus Regency in 1989, 1991, 1997, 2008 and 2015. Dry stress (DS) occurred three times in 1991, 1997 and 2015, which was triggered by a decrease in average rainfall, causing the soil moisture (SM) value to be below the dry stress threshold value (SMDS). In addition, the altitude of the place affects the EI value of coffee berry borer pests in Tanggamus Regency, as the higher the place, its EI value will be lower.
Keyword: Climex, ecoclimatic index, altitude, pest compatibility

Judul: Composite of sulfonated polysulfone–titanium dioxide membrane for application on direct methanol fuel cell
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menyintesis dan mencirikan membran polisulfon tersulfonasititanium dioksida (sPSf-TiO2). Sulfonasi dilakukan pada suhu 40 °C selama 60 menit menggunakan oleum sebagai agen sulfonasi dan TiO2 ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan kinerja membran. Derajat sulfonasi sebesar 47.5% dan morfologi membran menunjukkan bahwa tambahan TiO2 membuat membran lebih rapat dibandingkan tanpa tambahan TiO2. Membran yang dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah transformasi fourier menunjukkan puncak gugus sulfonat tertrisubtitusi 1,2,4- pada 1724 cm-1. Membran komposit diperoleh dengan menambahkan polisulfon tersulfonasi dengan TiO2 dengan ragam konsentrasi 3% dan 5%. Nilai konduktivitas dan beda potensial tertinggi dihasilkan pada membran sPSf-TiO2 5% dengan nilai berturut turut 1.07 × 10-3 S/cm dan 422 mV. Berdasarkan ciri tersebut, membran komposit sPSf-TiO2 dapat diaplikasikan untuk direct methanol fuel cell., This experiment is to synthesize and to characterize sulfonated polysulfonetitanium dioxide composite membranes (sPSf-TiO2). The sulfonation was done in 40 °C for 60 minutes using oleum as the sulfonation agent and TiO2 was added to improve membrane performances. The degree of sulfonation through sulfonation process was 47.5% and the morphology of the membrane showed that the addition of TiO2 made the membrane denser than that without TiO2. The infared spectra showed there was 1,2,4- trisubstituted sulfonate group at 1724 cm-1. The composite membrane was produced by adding sulfonated polysulfone and TiO2 with concentration of 3% and 5%. The composite membrane sPSf-TiO2 5% gave the highest proton conductivity and voltage as of 1.07 × 10-3 S/cm and 422 mV, respectively. Based on the result, the composite membrane sPSf-TiO2 can be applied for direct methanol fuel cell system.
Keyword: membran komposit, polisulfon tersulfonasi, sel bahan bakar, titanium dioksida