Judul: Cloning, characterization and manipulation expression of Follicle Stimulating Hormone gene β subunit from Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus for gonadal maturation
Abstrak: Induced maturation of fish by hormonal plays important role to get mature broodstock at out of spawning season. In this study, striped catfish FSH β subunit was cloned, characterized, and analyzed its expression after PMSG and AD induction. Cloning of FSH is a step to construct recombinant protein expression vector. The aimed of this research were isolation and characterization of FSH β subunit and evaluation of FSH β subunit expression after hormonal induction. Isolation of total RNA was done by TRIzol invitrogen method, then synthesis cDNA by reverse transciptase. Then, the PCR product were ligated to pGEM Teasy (GEM-FSH) and transformed into cloning vector. The successful of transformation would be evaluated by blue white colony screening. Similarity and alignment analysis used NCBI site and MEGA 5 for phylogenetic tree. Signal peptide and mature peptide were examined by signal 4.1 site. Then, manipulation FSH β subunit expression by inducing PMSG and antidopamine was conducted. PMSG and AD was injected every week for three weeks to evaluate FSH endogenous activity and physiology respond. After inducing during three weeks, the analysis expression FSH was amplified as molecular analysis and physiological respond including gonadal somatic index, gonad histology, and fecundity. The sequence of FSH β subunit fragment was 404 bp with 132 amino acid residue and consisted of signal peptide on 1-16 and mature peptide on 17-132. Alignment amino acid was done to make phylogenetic tree between other species. Based on phylogenetic tree, FSH gene β subunit divided for two clade; scales and no scales fishes. Genetic distance FSH gene β subunit has 0.08 with scales fish while 0.01-0.015 no scales fish. related to evolution, 0.08 with FSH gene β subunit for scale fish. The amino acid residue alignment showed 79-99% showed that similarity of structur amino acid on no scales fishes namely catfish and sea eel. Expression of FSH β subunit got influence after inducing with PMSG, AD, PMSG+AD and physiological solution. Inducing PMSG+AD showed expression FSH β subunit was higher than other one. Gonad histology showed that eeg developed to be late vitelogenic stage. Injected of combination PMSG and AD also increase aromatase expression. Therefore, reproduction cycle on striped catfish can be induced in out of season spawning.
Keyword: Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, FSH subunit β, PMSG, AD, gene expression.

Judul: Manipulasi Hormonal Pada Pematangan Gonad Ikan Patin Siam Pangasianodon hypopthalmus.
Abstrak: Pangasianodon hypophthalmus or stripped catfish is a potential freshwater aquaculture fish commodity as filet because has the good taste, soft texture, and contain good nutrition. Food and Agriculture Organization reported at the end of June 2011 the amount of stripped catfish filet absorbed by the importing countries recorded are, United States approximately 92,000 tonnes, Europe 188, 100 tonnes, India 1,500 tons and Philippines 7,200 tons. This opportunity not be utilized by Indonesian exporters because until the end of 2010 the production of stripped catfish filet is still low, around 104, 975 tonnes. Exploring the cause of low production stripped catfish filet it is not maximal of growing up because the limited availability of seeds for growing. This happen cause maturation of gonad and spawning from stripped catfish parents only in rainy season. This research was carried out to determine the role between PMSG and Antidopamin used as a combination in gonads rematuration of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. The lasted for 60 days, sampling was done every 14 days involve : (1) specific growth rate, by weighing each individual in all treatments, (2) analysis of the hormone estradiol - 17 β, by observing the blood plasma using the ELISA method, (3) blood glucose levels by observing the blood plasma method (4) hepatosomatic index, by weighing using digital scales 2 digits (5) gonadosomatic index, by weighing using digital scales 2 digits (6) histology of the gonads, making histological preparations method (7) egg diameter with observation and photography using a binocular Olympus mikroskup type SZX16 100 times magnification lens (8) percentage of gonads fish mature, by cannulation using a catheter on day 28 and 42, and (9). Water quality observed every 7 days. This research uses a factorial design consist 3 PMSG dose level and 2 AD dose level. Doses formulation that is composed as follows : 1.P1A0 (PMSG 10 IU / kg fish + AD 0 mg / kg fish),2.P2A0 (PMSG 20 IU / kg fish +AD 0 mg/ kg fish), 3.P0A1 (PMSG 0 IU / kg fish + AD 0.01 mg / kg fish), 4.P1A1 (PMSG 10 IU/ kg fish + AD 0.01 mg/ kg fish), 5. P2A1 (PMSG 20 IU / kg fish + AD 0.01 mg/ kg fish), and 6. P0A0 (Nacl 0,09%) as control. Each combination of dose and control were tested to 7 fishes. Data obtained were processed with Minitab 16. followed by Tukey test. In this research showed that the test fishhes had significantly gonad development are injected with formulations containing PMSG, or combinations between PMSG and Antidopamin namely: P1A0, P2A0, P1A1, and P2A1. This fact shown from the increase in specific growth rate, hormone estradiol - 17β, hepatosomatik index, gonadosomatik index, gonad development and eggs diameter and percentage of gonads mature. Result of the research that has been done that the best dose combination for rematurasi process of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus is P1A1 (PMSG 10 IU / kg weight of fish AD + 0.01 mg / kg weight of fish).
Keyword: Rematurasi, Pangasianodon hypopthalmus, Pregnant Mare’s Serum Gonadotropin, Antidopamin.

Judul: Kerusakan bantalan rel kereta api di wilaya inspeksi 2 jalan dan bangunan perusahaan jawatan kereta api (pjka),cirebon
Abstrak: Kereta api merupakan salah satu sarana angkutan yang murah, cepat dan aman serta dapat mengangkut barang dalam jumlah besar. Kelancaran operasi sarana angkutan tersebut banyak ditentukan oleh kondisi jalan rel, termasuk kondisi bantalannya. Dalam hal ini bantalan rel kereta api dapat dibuat dari kayu, logam, atau beton. Namun demikian kayu merupakan bahan yang paling banyak digunakan sebagai pembuat bantalan rel kereta api di berbagai negara. Kenyataan menunjukkan bahwa kayu yang digunakan sebagai bantalan rel kereta api sering mengalami berbagai macam kerusakan yang menyebabkan bantalan tidak berfungsi lagi atau menurun fungsinya. Di Indonesia, informasi mengenai jenis dan tingkat kerusakan bantalan kayu masih sangat kurang, pada- hal informasi tersebut sangat penting sebagai dasar pertimbangan dalam rangka pemeliharaan jalan kereta api, agar umur pakainya (service life) lebih lama.
Keyword: bantalan rel