Judul: Sintesis Hidrogel Berbasis Selulosa dari Limbah Padat Industri Agar sebagai Scaffold Imobilisasi Enzim
Abstrak: Hidrogel berbasis polisakarida terbuat dari selulosa yang tersebar merata dalam matriks alginat melalui proses ikatan silang. Limbah padat pengolahan agar memiliki kandungan selulosa yang cukup tinggi. Sintesis hidrogel dengan penambahan selulosa limbah agar sebagai scaffold untuk imobilisasi enzim belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan selulosa dengan ukuran berbeda dari limbah padat pengolahan agar, mengkarakterisasi hidrogel berbasis selulosa dengan ukuran berbeda, dan menentukan pelepasan enzim yang keluar dari hidrogel berbasis selulosa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi persiapan sampel, hidrolisis selulosa, dan sintesis hidrogel dengan variasi makroselulosa (0,5%, b/v) serta mikroselulosa (0,24, 0,48, dan 0,96%, (b/v)). Kadar selulosa diperoleh sebanyak 16,46% dengan satu ukuran makromolekul 10-200 µm sedangkan setelah dihidrolisis menjadi mikroselulosa dengan diameter serat sebesar 597,23 nm. Hidrogel alginat-selulosa menghasilkan rasio swelling dan fraksi gel terbaik sebesar 91,67 ± 11,8% dan 96,57 ± 0,05%. Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan efektivitas pelepasan enzim terendah pada waktu ke-1 jam sebesar 11,80% dan mencapai puncak sebesar 97,12% pada waktu ke-24 jam. Selulosa dari limbah padat industri pengolahan agar dapat memperbaiki karakteristik hidrogel alginat. Hidrogel alginat-selulosa dapat digunakan sistem pengontrol enzim yang dapat diaplikasikan pada bidang pengolahan makanan dan bioproses., Polysaccharide-based hydrogel is made of cellulose dispersed in an alginate matrix through a cross-linking process. Solid waste of the agar industry has a fairly high cellulose content. The synthesis of hydrogel with the addition of waste cellulose agar as a scaffold for enzyme immobilization has never been done. The aim of the research was to obtain cellulose of different sizes from solid waste from agar processing, characterize cellulose-based hydrogel of different sizes, and to control the released enzyme from the hydrogel. The research includes sample preparation, cellulose hydrolysis, and hydrogel synthesis with addition of macro-cellulose (0.5%, w/v) and micro-cellulose (0.24, 0.48, 0.96% (w/v)). The cellulose content was obtained as much as 16.46% with a macromolecule size of 10-200 µm while after hydrolysis it became microcellulose with a fiber diameter of 597.23 nm. The alginate-cellulose hydrogel produced the best absorption and gel fraction of 91.67 ± 11.8% and 96.57 ± 0.05%, respectively. This treatment resulted in the lowest enzyme release effectiveness at 11.80% and reached a peak of 97.12% at 24 hours. Cellulose from the solid waste of the agar processing industry can improve the characteristics of the alginate. The alginate-cellulose hydrogel can be used as an enzyme control system that can be applied to food processing and bioprocessing.
Keyword: alginate, cellulose, enzyme imobilization, hydrogel, alginate, cellulose, enzyme imobilization, hydrogel

Judul: Synthesis of Alginate Hydrogel Incorporated with Nanocellulose from Solid Waste Agar Industry as A Wound Dressing
Abstrak: Hydrogels used in wound dressings must possess specific characteristics. The isolation of nanocellulose from the solid waste agar industry using deep eutectic solvents (DES) and its incorporation into alginate hydrogel as a wound dressing candidate have not been observed thus far. The objective of this study was to produce nanocellulose from the solid waste agar industry using different hydrated deep eutectic solvents (DES) and investigate the properties of alginate-incorporated nanocellulose (ALG-CEL) hydrogels as wound dressing candidates. This research was carried out by sample preparation and pretreatment of the solid waste agar industry, cellulose nanofibrillation, and hydrogel synthesis using selected nanocellulose with concentrations of 0.1, 0.3, and 0.6% (w/v). Pretreated solid waste contains cellulose and high ash content. The selected nanocellulose exhibited the highest yield, nanoscale fiber shape, and type-I cellulose with high crystallinity in the ChCl:urea treatment. The NC6 hydrogel showed the best characteristics, with a high gel content, swelling degree, tensile strength, and slow cumulative release. A controlled-release mechanism was identified for all treatments. The drug release kinetics of the ALG-CEL hydrogel fulfilled the Korsmeyer-Peppas model with the Fickian diffusion type. Nanocellulose from the solid waste agar industry improved the characteristics of alginate hydrogels and delivered drugs.
Keyword: alginate, deep eutectic solvents, hydrogel, solid waste agar industry, wound dressing

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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