Judul: Patogenisitas cendawan Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fr. terhdap koloni rayap tanah Captotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isopte: Rhinotermitidae)
Abstrak: Serangan rayap terhadap bangunan, gedung dan tanaman di Indonesia dirasakan sangat besar. Kerusakan akibat serangan rayap paling parah disebabkan oleh rayap tanah dari jenis Coptotermes curvignathus (Nandika, 1987). Selama ini kegiatan pengendalian serangan rayap tanah dilakukan melalui perlakuan tanah dan pengawetan kayu dengan menggunakan bahan-bahan kimia, termitisida. Namun untuk masa sekarang dan akan datang, penggunaan bahan tersebut berangsur-angsur akan berkurang dengan semakin tingginya tingkat kesadaran masyarakat untuk menjaga lingkungan dari pencemaran. Untuk itu diperlukan pene- litian mengenai potensi organisme yang diduga bersifat patogen terhadap serangga, khususnya pada rayap tanah C. curvignathus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui daya bunuh patogenisitas cendawan Trichoderma viride terhadap atau koloni rayap tanah C. curvignathus. Hasil penelitian di- harapkan menjadi alternatif dalam sistem pengendalian rayap tanah C. curvignathus dengan menggunakan musuh alami....
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Judul: Studi Anatomi, Fisiologi dan Bioaktifitas  Sekresi Pertahanan diri Rayap Tanah (Coptotermes curvignatus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)
Abstrak: Rayap tanah Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren merupakan spesies yang paling penting sebagai hama bangunan. Serangannya pada bangunan terjadi hampir di seluruh kota besar di Indonesia, dengan nilai kerugian ekonomis yang sangat besar. Prajurit rayap ini memiliki pertahanan diri yang khas, yaitu mengeluarkan sekresi kimia yang mengandung racun dalam mengusir atau membunuh musuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mempelajari struktur morfologi kelenjar penghasil sekresi pertahanan rayap C. curvignathus; (2) mengkarakterisasi sekresi pertahanan rayap; (3) mempelajari daya racun ekstrak sekresi pertahanan rayap terhadap semut; (4) mempelajari daya racun ekstrak sekresi pertahanan rayap terhadap bakteri patogen; (5) mempelajari daya racun ekstrak sekresi pertahanan rayap terhadap cendawan penyakit lodoh; dan (6) mengidentifikasi komponen ekstrak sekresi pertahanan rayap C. curvignathus yang memiliki daya racun terhadap semut, bakteri patogen dan cendawan penyakit lodoh.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm