Judul: Fermentasi Peda dengan Penambahan Starter Lactobacillus Plantarum SK(5) sebagai Pangan Fungsional.
Abstrak: Fermentasi peda secara spontan memiliki beberapa kelemahan sehingga dilakukan upaya perbaikan dengan penggunaan starter bakteri. Tujuan penelitian menentukan pengaruh starter L. plantarum SK(5) terhadap karakteristik kimiawi dan mikrobiologi peda serta karakterisasi peda terpilih sebagai pangan fungsional. Fermentasi peda terdiri dari 2 tahap. Tahap I, Ikan kembung dan garam 9% (b/b) dicampur dalam wadah kemudian difermentasi selama 7 hari. Ikan dicuci dengan larutan garam 10% (b/v) kemudian ditiriskan (24 jam, suhu ruang). Tahap II, ikan, garam 1% (b/b), dan starter L. plantarum SK(5) (0%, 5%, dan 10%) dicampur dalam wadah kemudian difermentasi selama 7 hari. Analisis kimiawi dan mikrobiologi pada hari ke 0, 8, dan 15 proses fermentasi serta analisis komposisi proksimat peda untuk menentukan peda terpilih. Peda terpilih dianalisis asam amino, asam lemak, dan aktivitas antioksidan. Hasil analisis kimiawi dan mikrobiologi antar perlakuan memiliki pola yang sama (Tabel 3 dan Tabel 5). Kosentrasi starter berbeda mempengaruhi (P<0.05) komposisi kimia peda. Peda dengan penambahan starter 5% merupakan peda terpilih yang mengandung asam glutamat (3 141.67 mg/kg), ω3 (17.77%), dan nilai IC50 sebesar 3.08 mg/mL.
Keyword: fermentasi, L. plantarum SK(5)

Judul: Lactobacillus plantarum SK(5) Asal Bekasam sebagai Starter dalam Fermentasi Susu dan Fortifikasi Spirulina platensis pada Produk.
Abstrak: Lactobacillus plantarum SK(5) asal bekasam diketahui memiliki aktivitas lipase dan protease serta telah teridentifikasi sebagai kandidat probiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh penggunaan L. plantarum SK(5) sebagai starter selama fermentasi dan menentukan pengaruh fortifikasi S. platensis selama penyimpanan terhadap karakterisitik mikrobiologis kimiawi dan fisik produk. Konsentrasi starter yang digunakan pada proses fermentasi, yaitu 10%, 15% dan 20%, konsentrasi S. platensis yang digunakan untuk fortifikasi produk, yaitu 0%, 0.25% dan 0.5%. Karakteristik mikrobiologis, kimiawi dan fisik susu fermentasi diamati setiap 12 jam selama 24 jam. Susu fermentasi terpilih difortifikasi dengan S. platensis dan diamati setiap 7 hari selama 28 hari penyimpanan suhu dingindan dikarakterisasi kadar lemak, protein dan total padatannya setelah 28 hari penyimpanan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan starter dengan konsentrasi berbeda selama 24 jam fermentasi dapat meningkatkan nilai total BAL, TAT dan viskositas, serta menurunkan pH. Fortifikasi S. platensis memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda-beda terhadap karakteristik produk yang dihasilkan selama penyimpanan. Semakin banyak penambahan S. platensis semakin besar jumlah kadar lemak, protein dan total padatan produk.
Keyword: fermentasi, Lactobacillus plantarum SK(5), probiotik, Spirulina platensis

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite