Judul: Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perekonomian di Indonesia
Abstrak: Fiscal decentralization policy started in 2001 was a “big bang” from a centralistic into decentralistic government. The decentralistic government focuses on triple track strategy which are pro growth, pro job and pro poor as its macroeconomic and sectoral development objectives. Based on the concepts and the implementations of the policy in Indonesia, the amount of transfers fund to region and the possibilities of increasing potential local revenue should have positive related to the effort to increase society wealth through economic growth by creating job creation and decrease poverty. This research using panel data regression analysis to describe the relation between fiscal decentralization with economic growth, poverty and unemployement rate. The research results show that the local finance performance (measured by fiscal decentralization degree and local finance independency ratio) is low. Just then, in the decentralization era the local-central government dependency is increase. The research also encounter that fiscal decentralization policy affects to the increasing of economic growth rate (in small amount), unemployment rate and poverty. The part of local government budget that have positive affect to the economic growth are revenue sharing, specific allocation funds, local tax revenue and local government corporation, while local retribution revenue has negative affect. Meanwhile, total government expenditure affects negatively to the poverty and open unemployment rate.
Keyword: 

Judul: Dampak desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pembangunan sosial ekonomi daerah di Indonesia
Abstrak: Fundamental change in the Indonesian governance mechanisms from centralized into decentralized system has been occured since 1st January 2001. The successes of the government during the period of decentralization can be seen from several indicaators such as economic growth, the number of poor people as well as human development index. However, many parties felt that the implementation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia only in terms of its political success through the implementation of direct election of regional heads, while from an economic standpoint is still not satisfactory. Based on the background above, the purpose of this research are: 1) to analyze the factors that affect revenue, expenditure of local government and regional socio-economic development in Indonesia, 2) analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on the revenue and expenditure of local government in Indonesia, 3) Analyzing the impact of changes in revenues and expenditures of local governments towards local socio-economic development in Indonesia. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and analysis of simultaneous equations. The results of simulation models from the revenue side generally indicates that the increase in general allocation funds more influential and effective in improving the performance of socio-economic development compared with the increase in taxes and tax-sharing and non-tax. From the expenditure side, the agricultural sector development spending significantly more effective increasing the GRDP and poverty reduction in Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. As for education and health sector spending provides a larger impact on the increase GRDP and poverty reduction in Java-Bali and Papua.
Keyword: 

Judul: Beberapa aspek biologi reproduksi pada buaya
Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan biolo- gi reproduksi buaya seperti organ reproduksi, saa, dewasa kelamin, tingkah laku kelamin, masa bersarang dan penetasan telur dalam hubungannya dengan pelestarian satwa ini. Buaya termasuk amniota yang bersifat carnivora. Ter- dapat sisik epidermal sepanjang tubuhnya. Mempunyai lam- aung pengunyan yang mirip gizzard Letapi tidak mempunyai vesica urinaria. Kaki depan terdiri dari 5 jari, kaki be- lakang terdiri dari 4 jari dan ada cakar sejati. Organ reproduksi buaya jantan terdiri dari testes, epi- didymis, ductus deferens dan penis. Organ reproduksi buaya betina terdiri dari ovarium, oviduct, uterus dan klitoris. Penis dan klitoris berada di ruang kloaka yang paling luar. Oviduct dan uterus mempunyai kelenjar penghasil albumin dan kerabang untuk melapisi sel telur sebelum telur dikeluarkan. Mempunyai dua macam gonadotropin, yaitu FSH dan LH. Dewasa kelamin dicapai pada umur ± 2,5 tahun dimana panjang tubuh maksimum belum tercapai. Buaya mengeluarkan suara yang khas dan bau yang merangsang pasangannya sepan- jang musim kawin. Telur buaya berkerabang keras, berwarna putih atau putih kekuningan dengan bercak-bercak coklat kemerahan. Ukur- annya bervariasi dengan panjang 6,1 - 9,9 cm, lebar 4,2 - 5,7 cm, volume 90 -105 ml dan beratnya 66 - 140 gram. Ada dua macam bentuk sarang yaitu berbentuk gundukan dengan ceruk berbentuk V di atasnya (Crocodylus porosus dan C. novaeguineae) dan berbentuk lubang (C. siamensis dan C. palustris). Masa bersarang untuk sarang berbentuk gundukan adalah pada waktu musim kering dan yang berbentuk lu- bang pada awal musim hujan. Masa pengeraman pada spesies C. porosus 40 - 90 hari, C. novaeguineae 77 - 83 hari, C. palustris C.. siamensis 40. - 60 hari dan tidak ada catatan pada spesies Pada C. porosus dan C. palustris ada kebiasaan induk dalam menjaga sarangnya selama pengeraman, anak bersuara di dalam telur sehingga merupakan panggilan kepada induknya untuk membantu membuka sarang untuk merangsang penetasan te- lur dan membebaskan anaknya dari dalam sarang. Dua spesies lainnya tidak mempunyai sifat semacam ini….
Keyword: