Judul: Uji tantang pada ikan gurame (Osprhronemus gouramy) yang diimunisasi dengan vaksin inaktif anti Aeromonas hydrophila peroral melalui pelet
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji efektifitas dan daya lindung imunisasi peroral vaksin inaktif anti Aeromonas hydrophila yang dicampurkan dalam pakan sebagai imunisasi aktif untuk mencegah aeromonosis, Metil Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS), atau penyakit bercak merah oleh Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan gurame. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengn menggunakan kelompok ikan gurame yang diberi perlakuan berupa imunisasi pasif secara peroral melalui pemberian pelet yang telah dicampur vaksin inaktif anti Aeromonas hydrophila.
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Judul: Efektifitas pemberian immunostimulan (Saccharoyces cerevisiae) dan vaksin (Aeromonas hydrophila) terhadap respon seluler dan kelangsungan hidup ikan gurame (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektifitas pemberian immunostimulan (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) dan vaksin (Aeromonas hydrophila terhadap respon seluler dan kelangsungan hidup ikan gurame (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari sampai dengan Maret 1997 di Laboratorium Kesehatan Ikan, Fakultas Perikanan IPB, Bogor. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan gurame sehat, berat 4050 gram/ekor yang dipelihara dalam 9 wadah akuarium yang berukuran 60 x 50 x 40 cm. Aklimatisasi dilakukan selama 1 minggu. Selama penelitian ikan diberi pellet komersial secara ad libitum dengan frekuensi pemberian 3 kali sehari. Perlakuan terhadap ikan uji adalah A (kontrol), B (perlakuan vaksin) dan C (perlakuan immunostimulan) Pengukuran dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 7. 14 dan pada hari ke-16 ikan diuji tantang dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dosis 10 cfu/ikan. Parameter yang diukur yaitu hematokrit, total leukosit, differensial leukosit. fagositik indek, titer antibodi dan kelangsungan hidup. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan pada ikan kontrol dan ikan yang diberi perlakuan (P>0,05) terhadap hematokrit dan berbeda nyata pada (P<0,05) terhadap fagositik indek dan titer antibodi. Gejala klinis yang teramati setelah uji tantang adalah peradangan, tukak, kerusakan sirip dan busung perut pada ikan kontrol dan ikan yang diberi perlakuan immunostimulan. Kematian ikan terjadi pada ikan kontrol sebanyak 2 ekor pada hari ke-10 setelah uji tantang….
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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