Judul: The Effect of Sterilization Methods on The Success of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea L.) Shoot and Leaf Explant Initiation
Abstrak: Gmelina merupakan tanaman fast growing yang memiliki nilai ekonomi cukup tinggi dan bermanfaat sebagai tanaman obat. Perbanyakan gmelina secara kultur jaringan belum banyak diterapkan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh metode sterilisasi dan jenis eksplan terhadap keberhasilan inisiasi gmelina. Perlakuan yang dicobakan dalam penelitian yaitu jenis eksplan (tunas apikal dan daun) dan empat macam metode sterilisasi (B1-B4) dengan menggunakan detergen, tween 80, fungisida, bakterisida, NaOCl, dan HgCl2. Semua metode sterilisasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dapat menghasilkan kultur tunas gmelina steril sebesar 6‒19%, namun belum berhasil menghasilkan kultur daun gmelina steril. Kontaminasi fungi dan bakteri menjadi penyebab utama kegagalan inisiasi kultur tunas dan kultur daun gmelina. Secara umum, metode sterilisasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sudah berhasil untuk mematikan mikrob yang berada di permukaan eksplan, tetapi belum berhasil mematikan mikrob yang berada di dalam eksplan., Gmelina is a fast growing species that has high sufficient economy value and useful as medicinal plant. Propagation of gmelina by tissue culture has not been widely applied in Indonesia. This study aims to analize the effect of sterilization methods and explant types on the success of gmelina initiation. Treatments used in this study are explant types (apical shoot and leaf) and four sterilization methods (B1-B4) using detergent, tween 80, fungicide, bactericide, NaOCl, and HgCl2. All sterilization methods can produce 6‒19% sterile gmelina shoot culture, but has not succeded producing sterile gmelina leaf culture. Contamination by fungi and bacteria is the main cause of failed gmelina shoot and leaf culture initiation. In general, sterilization methods used in this study has succeeded in eliminating microbes on the explant’s surface, but has not succeeded in eliminating microbes inside the explant.
Keyword: contamination, explant type, gmelina (Gmelina arborea), microbes, sterilant

Judul: Effect of Endophytic Fungi Inoculation and Ecoenzyme on the Growth of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea (Roxb.)) Seedlings
Abstrak: Tanaman selama pertumbuhannya memerlukan nutrisi, dan dapat bersimbiosis dengan mikrob bermanfaat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh inokulasi cendawan endofit dan ekoenzim terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gmelina. Cendawan endofit yang digunakan yaitu Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., dan Arthrinium malaysianum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan tersarang (nested) dengan ekoenzim sebagai anak petak yang tersarang pada inokulasi cendawan endofit sebagai petak utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inokulasi cendawan endofit A. malaysianum menurunkan pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter bibit gmelina. Inokulasi Ascotricha sp. menurunkan pertumbuhan tinggi bibit gmelina, dan inokulasi Ochroconis sp. menurunkan pertumbuhan diameter bibit gmelina. Inokulasi cendawan endofit tanpa ekoenzim menghasilkan akar yang lebih panjang. Nilai nisbah pucuk akar dan indeks mutu bibit gmelina yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bibit telah siap untuk dipindahkan ke lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mengaplikasikan pupuk hayati pada tanaman kehutanan., Plants during their growth require nutrients, and can symbiosis with beneficial microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endophytic fungi inoculation and ecoenzymes on the growth of gmelina seedlings. The endophytic fungi used were Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., and Arthrinium malaysianum. This study uses a nested design with ecoenzyme as subplots nested on endophytic fungi inoculation as the main plot. The results showed that inoculation of the endophytic fungi A. malaysianum decreased the growth of gmelina seedling height and diameter. Inoculation of Ascotricha sp. decreased the growth of gmelina seedling height, and inoculation of Ochroconis sp. decreased the growth of gmelina seedling diameter. Endophytic fungi inoculation without ecoenzymes resulted in longer roots. As a result, shoot root ratio and seedling quality index showed that gmelina seedlings were ready to transplant in the field. The results of this study can be used as a reference in applying biological fertilizers to forestry plants.
Keyword: Arthrinium malaysianum, Ascotricha sp., Gmelina arborea, Ochroconis sp., seedling growth

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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