Judul: Pemanfaatan Kayu Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & Grimes) sebagai Biosorben Ion Logam Berat berbahaya
Abstrak: Keberadaan ion logam berat berbahaya pada limbah yang diproduksi oleh industri metalurgi, smelting, cat, reparasi alat-alat elektronik dan banyak lagi industri lainnya dapat membahayakan bagi kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kapasitas dan efisiensi adsorpsi kayu sengon terhadap ion logam Cu(II), Cr(IV), Ni(II) dan Pb(II). Biosorben kayu sengon dibagi menjadi dua jenis yaitu serbuk kayu dan serbuk kulit sengon dengan ukuran partikel 40-60 mesh. Kapasitas adsorpsi ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode perendaman biosorben pada konsentrasi ion logam awal 50 mg/L, waktu kontak 3 jam dan konsentrasi biosorben dalam larutan 0.4 gram. Kapasitas adsorpsi rata-rata tertinggi diperoleh pada biosorben serbuk kulit sengon terhadap ion logam Cu(II) dengan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 4.99 mg/g dengan tingkat efisiensi adsorpsi rata-rata sebesar 79.83 %. Sedangkan kapasitas adsorpsi terendah diperoleh pada biosorben serbuk kayu sengon terhadap ion logam Cr(IV) dengan kapasitas adsorpsi sebesar 0.11 mg/g dengan tingkat efisiensi adsorpsi rata-rata sebesar 1.75 %.
Keyword: iosorbent, hazardous heavy metal, sengon, adsorption

Judul: Kajian Pustaka Pemanfaatan Limbah Baglog sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat
Abstrak: Limbah industri mengandung berbagai senyawa kimia berbahaya seperti logam berat yang dapat mencemari lingkungan sehingga perlu disisihkan. Adsorpsi merupakan salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan karena lebih efisien dan ekonomis. Limbah baglog merupakan sisa budi daya jamur yang telah dilaporkan memiliki sifat sebagai adsorben. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan menentukan pemanfaatan limbah baglog sebagai adsorben logam berat dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Dalam kajian pustaka ini, metode adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben limbah baglog tanpa aktivasi kimia, dengan aktivasi kimia, dan pengarangan (biochar). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa adsorben limbah baglog tanpa aktivasi kimia mampu menjerap Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, dan Cd dengan rentang kapasitas adsorpsi 0,0724–0,769 mmol/g. Adsorben limbah baglog dengan aktivasi kimia mampu menjerap Cr, Cd, dan Pb dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,167–0,971 mmol/g dan adsorben limbah baglog dengan bentuk pengarangan menjerap Cd, Pb, Cu, dan Zn dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,417–1,92 mmol/g., Industrial waste contains various hazardous chemical compounds such as heavy metals that can cause environmental pollution that must be removed. Adsorption is one of the methods widely used because it is more efficient and economical. Spent mushroom substrates are the residue of mushroom cultivation (baglog) that have to been reported as adsorbents. This literature review aims to determine the utilization of the baglog substrates as heavy metal adsorbents with different treatments. In this literature review, the adsorption method used the baglog adsorbents without chemical activation, with chemical activation, and biochar. The results showed that the baglog substrates adsorbent without chemical activation could adsorb Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd with an adsorption capacity range of 0.0724–0.769 mmol/g. The baglog adsorbent with chemical activation could adsorb Cr, Cd, and Pb with adsorption capacity of 0.167–0.971 mmol/g, and that of adsorbent in the form of biochar could adsorb Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn with adsorption capacity of 0.417–1.92 mmol/g.
Keyword: adsorben, adsorpsi, limbah baglog, logam berat

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite