Judul: Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Obat Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) serta Penapisan Potensi Antibakterinya
Abstrak: Endophytic fungi are microorganisms living in healthy tissue of their host plants without causing disease. Endophytic fungi live in every plant, including jati belanda medicinal plant intracellulary and/or intercellulary. Jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) is one of Indonesia medicinal plants. The plant produced antimicrobe substances, including antibacteria. This research aimed to identify three endophytic fungi isolated from jati belanda morphologically and molecularly, and to screen their antibacterial potency by using mycelial extracts obtained with methanol solvent against microflora Escherichia coli, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K1-1, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Bacillus subtilis as tested bacteria. The three endophytic fungi were JBba3, JBba4, and JBa5. Based on morphological characteristics, fungal isolate JBba3 identified as Rhizopycnis sp.1, JBa5 was Rhizopycnis sp.2, whereas JBba4 was Colletotrichum sp. Identification results by using ITS rDNA region showed that isolates JBba3 and JBa5 were Rhizopycnis vagum, meanwhile isolate JBba4 was Colletotrichum sp. All three isolates tested did not inhibit the growth of the microflora E. coli. Isolates Rhizopycnis sp.1 and Rhizopycnis sp.2 did not inhibit the growth of all bacteria tested. Isolate Colletotrichum sp. inhibited the growth of EPEC K1-1 and P. aeruginosa with diameters zone of inhibition were 13.0 and 6.7 mm, respectively. Antibacterial potencies of Colletotrichum sp. mycelial extract were similar with cefotaxime antibiotic as positive control on two concentrations tested, which were 8 and 64 μg/ml.
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Judul: Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Obat dan Penapisan Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri
Abstrak: Endophytic fungi are microorganisms living in plant tissue without causing any harm to its host. The fungi can be found in all plants including medicinal plants. Endophytic fungi produced variety of bioactive compounds such as antibacterial substances. This research aimed to identify 3 isolates of endophytic fungi JBa8, JMa3, and SLbt3 which were isolated from medicinal plants and to screen their potency as source of antibacterial compounds. Identification of endophytic fungi was performed based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcode using ITS region. Antibacterial test was conducted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K1-1, and microflora E. coli by antagonism technique and agar diffusion method using mycelia extract with methanol solvent. The inhibition activity of fungal extract on bacterial tested was observed on the day 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th after incubation by measuring clear zone around the colonies. The 3 isolates were tentatively identified as Fusarium solani for JBa8, Fusarium sp. for JMa3, and Colletotrichum sp. for SLbt3. Antibacterial activities were observed in F. solani and Fusarium sp. which were isolated from jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) and jahe merah (Zingiber officinale), respectively. F. solani inhibited the growth of EPEC K1-1, whereas Fusarium sp. suppressed P. aeruginosa with clear zone produced was 12 mm. Fusarium sp. had antibacterial activity similar with that of 8 μg/mL cefotaxime positive control. The F. solani antibacterial activity, however, was lower than the two positive control concentrations used. Colletotrichum sp. isolated from sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) did not have any antibacterial to all bacteria tested.
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Judul: Pembangunan Perumahan Pada Wilayah Desakota Kaitannya Dengan Sistem Sosial Masyaraka t Asli
Abstrak: Faktor utama yang banyak mempengaruhi meningkatnya jumlah perumahan dan pemukiman pacta wilayah desakota adalah adanya tekanan populasi sebagai akibat dari migrasi besar-besaran menuju daerah desakota. Dengan kata lain, lokasi perumahan atau pemukiman menjadi tak memiliki banyak pilihan lagi, kota telah sesak dan sasaran selanjutnya para pengais materi di daerab kota adalab wilayah desakota. Masyarakat asli yang sejak lama tinggal di wilayah desakota merupakan bagian dari masyarakat desakota yang perlu diperhatikan. Baik disadari maupun tidak disadari, perubaban pada masyarakat asli desakota akan terjadi karena masyarakat selalu dalam keadaan dinamis. Selain itu perubahanjuga akan terjadi dikarenakan masyarakat adalah sistem yang terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang berhubungan serta berintegrasi secara fungsional, sehingga perubaban pada satu fungsi dari masyarakat akan mempengaruhi fungsi lainnya.
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