Judul: The Quality of Sorghum caudatum Forage and Grain as Feed by Organic Fertilizing and Legumes Intercropping.
Abstrak: Sorghum is a high potential plant for food and feed. Sorghum cultivation is easier than some other cereal crops because it can stand in dry condition. Its chemical composition is good so that it can be used as alternative food or feed. The increased of sorghum production and quality can be done by improving soil fertility especially by organic fertilizing and legume intercropping. The purpose of this experiment is to evaluate the effect of organic fertilizer and legumes intercropping on sorghum quality
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Judul: Potential of Forage Under the Shade of Sorghum with Different Levels of Urea Fertilizer and Quality as a Silage Product
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui potensi hijauan pakan di bawah naungan tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) dengan level pupuk urea berbeda dan kualitasnya sebagai produk silase. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi lapang langsung terhadap tumbuhan di bawah tanaman sorgum dengan perbedaan pemberian pupuk urea. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan merupakan Rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pada 3 perlakuan lahan dengan 4 ulangan, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak Duncan jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata. Parameter yang diukur meliputi intensitas cahaya, tingkat naungan, suhu, kelembaban, pH tanah, tekstur tanah, biomassa hijauan, kapasitas tampung, analisis vegetasi serta analisis karakteristik fisik dan palatabilitas silase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan level pupuk urea di bawah tanaman sorgum berpengaruh nyata (p<0,01) pada parameter intensitas cahaya, tingkat naungan dan kelembaban akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap suhu, biomassa, dan kapasitas tampung hijauan. Potensi hijauan pakan yang berada di bawah tanaman sorgum dengan level pupuk urea berbeda menunjukkan keanekaragaman hijauan sedang dengan kemerataan jenis yang tinggi. Jenis hijauan Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link., Cleome rutidosperma DC., dan Spermacoce alata Aubl. memiliki indeks nilai penting yang tinggi pada setiap perlakuan. Produk silase asal rumbah dihasilkan aroma dan warna yang baik dengan skor 3 dengan tingkat palatabilitas kurang disukai dengan skor 2 (skala 1-4)., Research has been carried out on the potential for forage under the shade of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with different levels of urea fertilizer and its quality as a silage product. The method used is direct field observation of plants under sorghum with differences in the application of urea fertilizer. The experiment used was a completely randomized design (CRD) on 3 fields with 4 replications, and continued with Duncan's distance test if there were significant differences. The observed parameters were divided into light intensity, shade level, temperature, humidity, soil pH, soil texture, forage biomass, storage capacity, vegetation analysis, analysis of the physical characteristics and palatability of silage. The results showed that the difference in urea fertilizer levels under sorghum had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the parameters of light intensity, shade level and humidity but had no significant effect on temperature, biomass, and forage holding capacity. Forage potential under sorghum with different levels of urea fertilizer shows moderate forage diversity with high evenness of species. Forage species Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link., Cleome rutidosperma DC., and Spermacoce alata Aubl. had a high index of significance in each treatment. Silage product from rumbah produces good aroma and colour with a score of 3 with a less favorable palatability level with a score of 2 (scale 1-4).
Keyword: Forage, Silage, Sorghum shade, Urea fertilizer

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix