Judul: Keberadaan Burung Kowak Malam Kelabu (Nycticorax nycticorax Linnaeus, 1758) di Kampus IPB Darmaga.
Abstrak: IPB Darmaga, exactly around the LSI lake is one place of black-crowned night-heron. The bird is nocturnal and rest during the day. The purpose of this study was to determine the presence of black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax Linn.) at LSI which includes the population, behavior and habitat use, and disturbance these birds in IPB Darmaga. The method used is concentration count for the population in morning and evening, population structure, behavior or activity of using habitat, and disturbance for black-crowned night-heron. The average number of birds population that coming (in the morning) is 185 individuals and going (in the evening) is 209 individuals. The value of the t test for morning and evening observations is showed significantly different. Population structure of black-crowned night-heronis consisting 116 individuals of adult and 80 individuals of juvenile. The bird behavior that most often done is silence or resting on the rubber trees (Hevea brasiliensis) and pinetrees (Pinus merkusii). Habitat of black-crowned night-heronwas disturbed by human activity, but birds can adapt to many activities in the vicinity.
Keyword: behavior, black-crowned night-heron, disturbance, population

Judul: Sound Patterns and Distribution of Plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) on the IPB Darmaga Campus
Abstrak: Burung berkomunikasi dengan sesamanya menggunakan kicauan. Setiap spesies burung memiliki pola suara kicauan yang berbeda disebabkan oleh faktor genetis maupun lingkungan, termasuk burung wiwik kelabu (Cacomantis merulinus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola suara, mendeskripsikan variasi pola suara pada beberapa tipe habitat, dan menganalisis pola sebaran wiwik kelabu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei tahun 2023 pada enam tipe habitat yang berbeda di Kampus IPB Darmaga meliputi tegakan campuran, tepi lahan basah, lahan pertanian, tegakan sejenis, kawasan perumahan, dan taman. Data rekaman suara diambil dengan SwiftOne sound recorder menggunakan metode PAM (Passive Acoustics Monitoring). Kalibrasi alat yang digunakan microphone gain sebesar 28 dB dan sample rate 32kHz kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Raven Pro 1.6. Data pola sebaran diambil menggunakan metode survei dan triangulasi kemudian dianalisis dengan Indeks Sebaran Morisita. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 4 pola suara wiwik kelabu. Salah satu pola suara yaitu “wik -teuu-we” belum pernah tercatat di Indonesia. Variasi pola suara pada beberapa tipe habitat berbeda dipengaruhi kebisingan latar dan kekuatan suara. Hasil perhitungan Indeks Sebaran Morisita sebesar 2,28 yang menunjukkan pola sebaran merata. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk melihat peran wiwik kelabu sebagai salah satu indikator lingkungan dalam penilaian habitat di Kampus IPB Darmaga., Birds sing to communicate with others. Every bird species has different sound patterns due to genetic and environmental factors, including the plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus). This study aims to identify sound patterns, describe variations in sound patterns in several habitat types, and analyze the distribution pattern of plaintive cuckoo. The research was conducted from March to May of 2023 in six different habitat types at the Darmaga IPB Campus including mixed stands, wetlands edge, agricultural land, similar stands, residential areas, and parks. Sound recording data was taken with a SwiftOne sound recorder using the PAM (Passive Acoustics Monitoring) method. Calibration of the tool used a microphone gain of 28 dB and a sample rate of 32kHz and then analyzed using Raven Pro 1.6. Distribution pattern data was taken using survey and triangulation methods and then analyzed with the Morisita Distribution Index. Based on the results of the study, 4 of the plaintive cuckoo sound patterns were found. One sound pattern, "wik -teuu-we" has never been recorded in Indonesia. Variations in sound patterns in different habitat types are influenced by background noise and sound power. The Morisita Scatter Index calculation result was 2.28, indicating an even distribution pattern. Further research is needed to see the role of plaintive cuckoo as one of the environmental indicators in habitat assessment at the Darmaga IPB Campus.
Keyword: Bioacoustics, Morisita Scatter Index, PAM, spectogram

Judul: Pengaruh Lama Reaksi dan Laju Alir SO3 pada Produksi Surfaktan Methyl Ester Sulfonate Acid (Mesa) dari Metil Ester Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L)
Abstrak: Surfactant is an active agent which could reduce surface tension. Surfactant could be found in cleaning agent, emulsifier, and homogenizer. Applications of surfactant are in detergent industry, food and beverage industry, and oil industry. According to its hydrophilic complex we could divide surfactant into four groups which is anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, and non-ionic surfactant. Anionic surfactant is the most needed surfactant in the world Methyl ester sulfonates Acid (MESA) are one of the anionic surfactant which is renewable. One of the prospective feedstock of MESA is jatropha curcas. The dominant fatty acid of jatropha curcas oil is C16 unti 18. This fatty acid will have good detergency if it converted to surfactant. Jatropha curcas also doesn’t compete with food as a industry feedstock. Sulfonation method to produce MESA are falling film method with Single Tube Falling Film Reactor (STFR) 5 liter scale. The feedstock are jatropha curcas oil which is converted to methyl ester trough esterification process and continued with trans-esterification process (es-trans). The reactant which is used is sulfur trioxide (SO3). This reactant is chosen because it more reactive and produce less sludge than H2SO4 or Na2SO3 reactant. This research scope is only cover MESA production. MESA is an intermediate product for MES which is not purified yet. The goal of this research is to know the effect of reaction time and reactant flow rate to physic-chemical characteristic of MESA. The levels of reaction time are 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes. The SO3 reactant flow rate levels are 2,2, 2,8 dan 3,0 kg/hour. Analyses of MESA cover interfacial tension, surface tension reduction, iodine value, active matter content, acid value, and pH. . The range of interfacial tension of MESA are 1,1-4,43 dyne/cm. The
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