Judul: Potensi Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp dan Lebah Madu Apis mellifera Sebagai Antioksidan
Abstrak: Propolis is a resin produced by honey bees. Propolis is a natural antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that serve to protect the body from free radical attack. Nanopropolis is propolis processed using nano technology. The research aims was to determine the potential of propolis and nanopropolis as an antioxidant. Propolis extracted by using microwave assisted extraction or commonly called MAE method with a ratio of material 1: 9. Nanopropolis was made by using the method of manufacture nanopropolis Aimi modified, with hopes of more effectively than propolis as antioxidants. The results showed that Malang propolis extracts inactive as antioxidants, whereas Bogor propolis extract as active antioxidant. Propolis commercial I and commercial II is very active as an antioxidant, while nanopropolis commercial I, commercial II, Malang, Pandeglang, and Bogor inactive as an antioxidant.
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Judul: Ekstraksi Propolis dan Sintesis Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp
Abstrak: Propolis is a resin adhesive material collected from worker bees from the buds, bark, and other plant parts. Propolis have many benefits are as antibacterial, aniviral, and anticancer. The purpose of this study is to search method of extraction and nanopropolis synthesis that will produce the high effectiveness, knowing antibacterial activity and knowing value of optimization nanopropolis as antibacterial against E. coli . Propolis extracted uses the method maceration with modification MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). Futhermore synthesis of nanopropolis use Aimi methode modified by high speed homogenization, hopefully nanopropolis more effective than propolis as antibacterial. The yield of propolis extract is 10.93%. The values of PSA from nanopropolis are 176.30 nm, 205.10 nm, and 295.80 nm. Result activity antibacterial nanopropolis with disc diffusion methode againts E. coli indicated nanopropolis does not have antibacterial, because nanopropolis does not produce cleare zones in disc paper area. The result from ampicilin is does not have antibacterial againts E. coli.
Keyword: antibacterial, nanopropolis, propolis.

Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik