Judul: Design conservation of seagrass for sustainability of fish resources in the Tanjung Luar, East Lombok
Abstrak: Seagrass ecosystem has a vital role in the marine environment as a habitat for marine biota, primary productivity, regulate the trophic level of species and populations and gas regulations for the balance of CO2 and O2 through the photosynthesis of mechanism. The purpose of this study is to analysis the ecology of seagrass (seagrass conditions, threat of damage to seagrass, the abundance and diversity of fish species), the social aspect (local ecological knowledge and community values local knowledge). Data was collected by survey and observations. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to explain the condition, potential threats and sources of damage to the seagrass and regression models was used to explain the number of species and aossociation of fish to seagrass. These results indicate the condition of seagrass at the study site in the category of normal, the number of seagrass species was nine species of the total area of 154.21 ha of the seagrass and seagrass community types was a mixed type. Type and number of fish species obtained from 42 families comprising 118 species and 16 049 individuals. The most fish appropriate regression model to explain the number of species and individual fish associated with seagrass is quadratic and exponential models. Fish species diversity is the highest in Gili Maringkik (2.942) and the lowest is in Gili Kere (2.448). Seagrass damage parameters can be seen from the status of marine species such as the scarcity of fish, sea cucumbers, shrimp and molluscs as well as the number of damaged seagrass biomass/day by the community. Ecological communities have sufficient knowledge to know seagrass species as well as the function of the environmental and economic benefits to society and have the local knowledge that is relevant to the conservation namely awiq-awiq. The conclusion of the study is the management of the seagrass beds to the sustainability of fish can be done through seagrass conservation strategy with the zoning system through : (1) integrate the existence of ecology as an instrument in the management and the conservation design, (2) accommodate the ecological knowledge and indigenous communities and (3) zoning can be made in the management of the core zone in the seagrass zone the Gili Kere and sustainable fisheries in the seagrass beds in other locations.
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Judul: Design for sustainable management of seagrass ecosystems for supporting fisheries in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi
Abstrak: Seagrasses have been well known as important habitat for various fauna, including numbers of economic important fishes, especially in the nursery stage. Therefore, seagrass ecosystems management is an important part of managing the marine fisheries. Spermonde Archipelago, a hotspot of coral and seagrass, consist of ± 120 small islands and have dense population (most of them depends on subsistence and small scale fisheries), especially in the south east of the archipelago implements an increased pressure to the seagrass ecosystems. The pressure to the ecosystems will affect the fisheries productivity. By knowing the sustainability status of the seagrass ecosystems, it will facilitate an assessment of the effectiveness of fisheries management and it will provide a valuable information to policy makers about the best policy option for the sustainability management of seagrass ecosystems in the future. Based on that, the main goal of this study was to determine the sustainability status of seagrass ecosystems in Barrang Lompo Island (BL) and Kapoposang Island (KP) for supporting fisheries. In order to achieve the main goal, there are three specific objectives were performed, namely 1). to analyze fish community structure in the seagrass beds, 2). to analyze the fishing activities and their status in the seagrass beds, 3). to design the sustainable management of seagrass ecosystems. Fish community structure was analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and Bray-Curtis cluster analysis, while the most contributed species to difference of fish community structure was analyzed using SIMPER (similarity of percentages) procedure. All statistics analysis were carried out using PRIMER v6 software. The difference between fish distribution in both seagrass beds was analyzed with t-test and Bonferroni post-test using PRISM v5 software. Fishing activities were analyzed through fisher recognition based on the latest census data from village office and by interviews, observation of fisher’s behaviour during fishing in the seagrass beds, classification of their catches, analysis of maturity size of their catches based on life stage classification using fish maximum length. Status of fishing in the seagrass beds were determined based on FAO-like exploitation status scale and analyzed through measurement of catch per unit effort (CPUE), total catch in one year (Y), natural mortality as weight-dependence of mortality (Mw), estimated biomass in the same year (B), and maximum sustainable yield (MSY). RAPSECS (rapid appraisal technique for evaluating seagrass ecosystems sustainability) analysis using multidimensional scaling (MDS) was applied to analyze the sustainability status of seagrass ecosystems for each dimension (ecology, economic, social, technology, institution). A combination of pairwase comparison and geomean was used to determine the general sustainability status of each seagrass fisheries. Leverage analysis was applied to identify the most influence attributes to the sustainability status of each dimension. Strategy intervention was formulated based on the most influence attributes within each dimension. The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and Bray- Curtis cluster analysis revealed that overall, there were significant differences of fish community structure and distribution pattern in the seagrass beds dominated by Thalassia hemprichii (TH) and Enhalus acoroides (EA). Fish abundance was higher in TH- than in EA-dominated beds, but fish biomass and species richness were lower in
Keyword: management strategy, sustainability, seagrass ecosystems, fishing, Spermonde Archipelago, RAPSECS, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Infeksi Canine parvovirus (CPV) pada anjing merupakan isu penting di gan praktisi dokter hewan karena hingga saat ini belum ada terapi yang e tif mencegah kematian anjing akibat infeksi virus tersebut. Canine parvovirus a ah virus infeksius penyebab diare berdarah pada anjing. Anjing yang -t 'lilfeksi CPV menunjukkan gejala klinis muntah, diare, depresi, demam, tidak mau makan dan dehidrasi. Tropisme CPV adalah pada jaringan yang sel-selnya tif membelah seperti epitel saluran pencemaan, sumsum tulang dan jaringan foid. Mortalitas anak anjing mencapai 91% pada infeksi CPV yang tidak d10oati. Kematian anjing terjadi akibat septikemia dan dehidrasi. Pengobatan infeksi CPV yang dilakukan selama ini hanya untuk mengurangi dehidrasi dan infeksi sekunder, namun tidak dapat mencegah kematian. Imunoterapi secara intravena merupakan pendekatan baru yang potensial untuk pengobatan penyakit yang fatal pada hewan termasuk untuk substitusi penggunaan antibiotika. Metode terapi ini terbukti efektif digunakan untuk terapi pen akit pada manusia dan hewan yang penyebarannya melalui darah. Salah satu penyakit hewan yang sebaran virusnya di dalam tubuh melalui darah adalah infeksi Canine parvovirus pada anjing. Pengobatan infeksi CPV nampaknya efe*tif jika menggunakan antibodi spesifik dan aplikasinya secara intravena agar memberikan protektivitas yang optimal. Namun kendala biaya produksi antibodi yang sangat mahal membatasi penggunaan antibodi untuk terapi, sehingga sangat diperlukan altematif sumber antibodi lainnya. Ayam sangat berpotensi sebagai pabrik penghasil antibodi. Karakteristik Im oglobulin Y yang tidak mengaktivasi komplemen mamalia memungkinkan aplikasinya secara intravena. Selain itu imunoglobulin Y mudah diisolasi dari kunmg telur dalam jumlah banyak sehingga biaya produksinya murah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah pemanfaatan IgY anti CPV secara intravena untuk terapi infeksi CPV pada anjing. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam tiga tahap: 1. Produksi, isol si dan karakterisasi IgY anti CPV dan menguji aktivitasnya secara in vitro. 2. Me entukan kinetika IgY di dalam tubuh anjing agar dapat diduga dosis dan interval pengobatan. 3. Infeksi CPV pada anjing percobaan, pengobatan menggunakan dosis 1000 dan 10000 Protective dose 50 (PD₅₀) dan mengetahui efe*tivitas terapi terhadap profil leukosit anjing yang sembuh dari infeksi CPV. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa ayam yang diimunisasi mengakumulasikan antibodinya di dalam kuning telur. Peningkatan titer antibodi (lg, ) dalam serum ayam terjadi mulai minggu pertama dan mencapai puncaknya pad minggu keempat setelah imunisasi. Karakterisasi IgY menunjukkan dua pita tein dengan berat molekul 68 dan 23 kDa yang sesuai dengan berat molekul ai berat dan rantai ringan IgY. Titer IgY mumi terdeteksi 2¹¹ HI unit setelah r eaksikan dengan sel darah merah babi. Pengenceran tertinggi dari IgY yang a pu menetralisasi virus sebanyak 50% (PD₅₀) adalah pada pengenceran 10·⁸• 'ter virus parvo yang mampu menginfeksi selfeline kidney sebanyak 50% adalah pada titer 10-²,76 TCID₅₀. Titer virus yang digunakan untuk uji tantang di anjing adalah 100 TCID₅₀ dan titer antibodi yang digunakan untuk terapi adalah 1000 dan I0.000 PD₅₀• Terapi infeksi CPV di anjing hanya menggunakan dua jenis o· s dengan tujuan mengurangi penggunaan hewan coba karena resiko kematian anjing cukup tinggi. Kinetika IgY anti CPV dalam tubuh anjing mengikuti model satu partemen dan orde satu. Rata-rata waktu paruh IgY adalah 60 jam dan stanta ketepatan eliminasi IgY lebih tinggi dibandingkan IgG sehingga ngkinan IgY untuk
Keyword: IgY anti CPV, Intravena, Ekskresi virus, Kinetika IgY