Judul: Efek Level Aflatoxin B1 dalam Pakan Terhadap Performa dan Kerusakan Organ dalam Ayam Broiler: Kajian Meta-Analisis.
Abstrak: Pengaruh kadar protein dalam pakan terhadap kinerja reproduksi ternak menunjukkan Studi ini melaporkan hasil meta-analisis dari 56 data perlakuan yang diperoleh dari 27 artikel ilmiah dari berbagai sumber, seperti Scopus, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar, dengan tujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) dalam pakan ayam broiler terhadap performa dan organ dalam. Data dianalisis menggunakan prosedur campuran dengan tingkat aflatoxin sebagai variabel kontinu dan performa serta organ dalam sebagai variabel respons. Studi ini melibatkan total populasi 9.390 ekor ayam broiler dan populasi rata-rata ayam broiler sebanyak 348 ekor dalam semua studi. Strain ayam broiler yang diteliti yaitu Ross 308, Cobb 500, Arbor Acres, Hibro, dan strain yang tidak disebutkan dalam studi. Dosis AFB1 berkisar dari 20 μg/kg hingga 2.000 μg/kg. Hasil meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa AFB1 memiliki efek yang sangat signifikan (p≤0,01) pada konversi pakan dan efek yang signifikan (p≤0,05) pada pertambahan berat badan dan mortalitas sebagai parameter performa. Selain itu, AFB1 memiliki efek yang sangat signifikan (p≤0,01) pada hati, limpa, pankreas, ginjal, dan bursa fabricius serta efek yang cukup signifikan (p≤0,10) pada gizzard sebagai parameter organ dalam. Secara keseluruhan, studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa kontaminasi AFB1 pada tingkat 20 μg/kg ke atas dapat menyebabkan kerusakan hati dan ginjal, sementara tingkat 50 μg/kg ke atas dapat menyebabkan penurunan performa pada ayam broiler..
Keyword: AFB1, broiler, internal organs, performance, meta-analysis

Judul: Profil darah ayam broiler yang diberi ransum mengandung aflatoksin dengan penambahan metionin
Abstrak: Tropical climate inIndonesia have high temperature and humidity that supports the growth of fungi. It causes one of the common feed problem in Indonesia, in example fungal contaminations. Fungi produces a toxin that will give a harmfull effect for the livestock. Aflatoxin is a mycotoxin that produces by Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. It makes a health problem to livestock. The effects of aflatoxin that found on farm animal such as a variation in organ’s weight and the decrease of some hematology parameters. The use of additives and supplements in diets were developed in order to minimize the effects of aflatoxin. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of methionine addition in diet that contaminated with aflatoxin on blood profile and IgY (immunoglobulin Y) of broiler. The experiment was arrange with factorial completely randomized design with three level of methionine (0%, 0.25%, and 0.35% for starter; 0%, 0.20%, and 0.30% for finisher), three level of aflatoxin (0 ppb, 150 ppb and 300 ppb) and four replicates. Parameters that measured were hemoglobin, hematocrit, erythrocyte, leucocyte, leucocyte differentiation and IgY. The result of this research was showed an interaction, segnificant difference and no significant difference. In starter period, there are interaction effects on erythrocytes and IgY, while leukocytes was influenced by the level of methionine and heterophils was influenced by the level of aflatoxin. For finisher period, only leucocyte that has a different value due to aflatoxin’s level.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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