Judul: Protokol Izin Usaha Perdagangan Secara Elektronik Di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Surat Izin Usaha Perdagangan (SIUP) merupakan sebuah dokumen yang diterbitkan pemerintah sebagai salah satu legalitas usaha di bidang perdagangan. Legalitas usaha tersebut diberikan dalam bentuk cetak dan cukup mudah untuk dipalsukan baik isi dokumen maupun tanda tangannya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sebuah gagasan yang mampu mengatasi permasalahan pemalsuan serta mampu menjamin integritas maupun keabsahan dokumen SIUP. Protokol izin usaha perdagangan yang dibuat merupakan bentuk digital dari proses penandatanganan dan verifikasi surat izin usaha perdagangan dengan media kertas. Tanda tangan yang digunakan adalah tanda tangan digital (digital signature) yang dapat diverifikasi baik sebelum atau sesudah dokumen dicetak. Salah satu algoritme tanda tangan digital adalah Digital Signature Algoritm (DSA). Untuk verifikasi dokumen cetak maka diterapkan QR Code, yaitu sebuah struktur dua dimensi yang dapat mentransmisikan data dengan cara dipindai (scan). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membangun protokol SIUP elektronik dengan menerapkan algoritme tanda tangan yaitu DSA dan menerapkan QR Code untuk verifikasi jika dokumen telah dicetak. Metodologi pada penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis permasalahan, perancangan protokol kriptografi, membuat simulasi dan analisis keamanan informasi. Rancangan protokol kriptografi yang dibangun terdiri dari protokol penandatanganan dan protokol verifikasi. Protokol penandatanganan terdiri dari penandatanganan QR Code dan penandataganan file Portable Document Format (PDF). Sedangkan protokol verifikasi terdiri dari verifikasi QR Code dan verifikasi PDF. Rancangan protokol ini menerapkan digital certificate yang mengikat identitas penandatangan dan sebagai jaminan kepemilikan kunci publik. Untuk menjamin keabsahan dokumen, diterapkan time-stamp signature yang ditandatangani oleh pihak ketiga terpercaya (trusted third party) agar dokumen dinyatakan valid selama masa berlaku dokumen. Untuk proses verifikasi melalui QR Code, dilakukan verifikasi terhadap QR Code menggunakan digital certificate milik penandatangan dokumen dan Certification Authority (CA). Sedangkan verifikasi melalui file PDF, diperlukan tambahan informasi hierarki digital certificate milik Time Stamp Authority (TSA). Simulasi protokol izin usaha perdagangan secara elektronik ini dibuat menggunakan bahasa pemrograman Java dan library (pustaka) pendukung yaitu Bouncy Castle, Google ZXing dan Apache PdfBox. Simulasi ini menggunakan algoritme DSA dengan parameter p = 2048 bit dan q = 256 bit serta fungsi hash Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) 256. Berdasarkan simulasi yang dibuat, protokol penandatanganan dan verifikasi dapat diterapkan pada dokumen usaha perdagangan dengan proses verifikasi melalui QR Code dan PDF. Penerapan QR Code memungkinkan dokumen dapat diverifikasi jika dokumen dicetak. Sehingga, rancangan ini mudah dan layak untuk diimplementasikan di Indonesia.
Keyword: digital certificate, digital signature, QR Code, surat izin usaha perdagangan, time-stamp signature

Judul: Protokol Keamanan Dokumen Digital pada Sistem E-Procurement menggunakan AES, RSA, dan SHA1
Abstrak: Digital signature is an authentic evidence and also has a function like a signature on the printed document, but its use in digital documents. Documents that was sent through the internet, should be ensured their source and destination. This research is decided to implement a security protokol on file transfer process on e-procurement system using AES, RSA, and SHA1 algorithm. Data used in this research is a compressed digital document with ZIP format. The result of this research indicate that the system has been created already capable of generating and verify digital signature. The security services that owned by this system such as confidentiality, entity authentication, data origin authentication, integrity, and non repudiation. The testing process is performed on these security services including confidentiality test, authentication test, integrity test, and non repudiation test. Confidentiality is guaranteed by the encryption process using AES algorithm. In addition, authentication, integrity, and non repudiation service is guaranteed by the digital signature mechanism.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), tender, digital signature, E-Procurement

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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