Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Penghasil Gen Azoreductase dalam Produk Susu Berwarna Red 40.
Abstrak: Azoreductase is an enzyme that has an ability to docolourize red colour 40 were clacified as an azo compound become an aromatic so that it will make an unprofitable for colour milk production industry. The aim of this research was analyzed existence of bacteria which produce an azoreductase gene that has a function to decolourize in milk product. The qualitative analyze from 17 bacteria isolates showed that all of the red colour milk samples become white colour after 48 hours incubated.The best reduction of colour substance are sample 25.6 and 25.1 with smallest absorbance are 0.171 and 0.173 then continue into statistic analyze that milk sample with isolate 25.6 – F had a real influence against the a control. Activities analyze of azoreductase degradation with semi quantitative in isolate code 91MO73, A, E and F showed that the biggest degradation zone diameter of isolate code F was 3.2 cm and the smallest degradation zone diameter in isolate code E was 1.7 cm. Identification with amplification azoreductase gene product by qPCR had a Ct 24.57, 30.87, 33.48 and 35.32 showed that those bacteria isolate samples contain an azoreductase gene
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Judul: Kemampuan pembentikan enzim reduktase oleh beberapa bakteri dalam susu melalui uji reduktsi
Abstrak: Uji reduktasi merupakan uji tidak langsung untuk mengetahui populasi bakteri dalam susu. Perhitungan jumlah bakteri dibuat berdasarkan korelasi antara waktu reduktasi dengan populasi bakteri dalam sampel. Semakin banyak bakteri dalam susu semakin cepat waktu reduktasinya. Beberapa bakteri dalam susu mempunyai kemampuan berbeda dalam pembentukan enzim reduktase. Bakteri dalam susu segar mampu mereduktasi biru metilen lebih cepat dibandingkan masing-masing bakteri dalam populasi. Bakteri Micrococcus sp (11.0±3,5 jam) mempunyai kemampuan reduktasi yang paling rendah dibandingkan dengan bakteri yang lainnya. Streptococcus sp (8,9-2,6 jam) mempunyai kemampuan reduktasi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan bakteri dalam susu segar (6,6+1,5 jam), Bacillus sp (7,5±1,4 jam), coli (8.62 1,1 jam) dan Staphylococcus sp (8,010,7 Jam). Uji reduktasi digunakan untuk menganalisis jumlah bakteri secara kualitatif Penggunaan uji ini menjadi tidak efektif pada susu yang mengandung jumlah bakteri yang sedikit. Sesuai dengan ketentuan SNI 01-2782-1998 yang menyatakan angka reduktasi yang melampaui 5 dicurigai mendapatkan perlakuan (pemanasan, mengandung residu antibiotika dan desinfektan).
Keyword: reductase enzyme, reduction test, milk bacteria

Judul: Karakterisasi Parameter Sistem Pendulum Terbalik Dual pada Masalah Tracking Error Optimal
Abstrak: In this thesis we study the optimal tracking error problem applied to dual invertedndulum system. We stabilize the pendulwn system by controlling itsosition well as minimizing the tracking error, the difference between Osition and actual position. The focus of this study is on fonnulating the analytical expression of the optimal tracking error. We show that the analytical can be completely characterized in terms of pendulwn parameters, such as nihgths, masses, and the mass of the motor. Furthermore, we rewrite the expressici solely in terms of pendulum length by setting other parameters constant.~inally, we provide . some illustrative examples showing the relation between ndulumlengths and the minimum achievable tracking error.
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