Judul: Application of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) and Membrane Bionanomaterials on Rice Germination as Agroforestry Opportunities in Peatlands
Abstrak: Laju degradasi lahan gambut di Indonesia yang semakin tinggi mengakibatkan produktivitas lahan semakin menurun. Hal tersebut berdampak pada pentingnya upaya optimalisasi lahan, salah satunya melalui pengembangan sistem agroforestri, serta pemilihan jenis tanaman adaptif. Padi Dendang merupakan salah satu varietas padi adaptif di lahan gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sifat tanah gambut yang dimanfaatkan untuk agroforestri, dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkecambahan padi Dendang dengan aplikasi PGPR serta membran bionanomaterials melalui uji in vitro dan in vivo. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah RAL faktorial dua faktor, yakni satu dosis PGPR, dan bionanomaterials (BNMs) yaitu tandan kosong kelapa sawit aktivasi (TA) dan non-aktivasi (TN), serta batang kelapa sawit non-aktivasi (BN) dan lignoselulosa (BL) dengan masing-masing 3 konsentrasi (1%, 3%, dan 5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tanah gambut sangat masam (3,60). Aplikasi PGPR dan BNMs mampu meningkatkan pH, N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, dan menurunkan kandungan Al. Pada uji in vitro, aplikasi PGPR berpengaruh nyata terhadap persen hidup, sedangkan BNMs berpengaruh sangat nyata pada kecambah normal dan abnormal, persen hidup, serta tinggi kecambah. Pada uji in vivo PGPR berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap persen hidup benih dan tinggi kecambah, sedangkan BNMs berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap daya kecambah dan potensi tumbuh maksimum., The rate of peatland degradation in Indonesia is getting higher, resulting in lower land productivity. This has an impact on the importance of land optimization efforts, one of which is through the development of agroforestry systems, as well as the selection of adaptive plant species. Dendang rice is one of the adaptive rice varieties in peatlands. This study aims to analyze the properties of peat soil used for agroforestry, and its effect on the germination of Dendang rice with the application of PGPR and membrane bionanomaterials in vitro and in vivo tests. The data analysis used was two-factor factorial RAL, namely one dose of PGPR, and bionanomaterials (BNMs) of namely activated (TA) and non-activated (TN) oil palm empty bunches, and non-activated oil palm trunks (BN). and lignocellulose (BL) with 3 concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%), respectively. The results showed that the pH of the peat soil was very acidic (3.60). The application of PGPR and BNMs was able to increase pH, N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, and decrease Al content. In the in vitro test, PGPR application had a significant effect on the survival rate, while BNMs had a very significant effect on normal and abnormal sprouts, percent survival, and sprout height. In the in vivo test, PGPR had a very significant effect on the percentage of seed survival and germination height, while BNMs had a very significant effect on germination and maximum growth potential.
Keyword: membrane bionanomaterials, peat soil, paddy Dendang, PGPR, germination

Judul: Application of Compost and Bionanomaterials in Peatland for Shorea balangeran (Korth.) Burck Agroforestry with Rice
Abstrak: Lahan gambut dengan karakteristik kesuburan rendah dan rentan terdegradasi memerlukan upaya dalam peningkatan produktivitas dan konservasi. Hal yang dapat dilakukan adalah aplikasi kompos serasah Shorea balangeran dan bionanomaterials dalam sistem agroforestri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh bionanomaterials dan perbedaan varietas terhadap perkecambahan padi secara in vitro, pengaruh bahan ameliorant dan varietas terhadap pertumbuhan padi secara in vivo, dan pengaruh bahan ameliorant terhadap sifat kimia tanah. Uji kecambah padi secara in vitro dilakukan pada cawan Petri yang dimasukkan ke germinator selama 21 hari. Uji in vivo dilakukan di rumah kaca dengan campuran media dan penggenangan. Bionanomaterials berpengaruh pada respon kecambah normal, laju perkecambahan, dan tinggi kecambah pada uji in vitro. Bionanomaterials tandan kosong kelapa sawit aktivasi taraf 5% (TA5) menghasilkan persen hidup padi tertinggi diikuti dengan kompos S. balangeran pada uji in vivo. Bionanomaterials mampu meningkatkan kesuburan tanah, sedangkan kompos S. balangeran menyediakan kondisi optimum walaupun belum matang. Oleh karena itu, bionanomaterials dan kompos S. balangeran dapat diaplikasikan pada lahan gambut dengan sistem agroforestri., Peatlands with low fertility characteristics and degradation risk require efforts to improve productivity and conservation. What can be done is the application of Shorea balangeran litter compost and bionanomaterials in agroforestry systems. This study aims to analyze the influence of bionanomaterials and varieties differences on in vitro rice germination, the influence of ameliorant and variety materials on in vivo rice growth, and the influence of ameliorant material on the chemical properties of soil. In vitro rice germination test is conducted on Petri dish which is put in germinator for 21 days. In vivo tests are conducted in a greenhouse with a mixture of media and weeding. Bionanomaterials had an effect on normal sprout response, germination rate, and sprouts height in in vitro tests. Bionanomaterials of empty palm oil activation levels of 5% (TA5) produced the highest percent of rice life followed by S. balangeran compost in in vivo tests. Bionanomaterials are able to improve soil fertility, while S. balangeran compost provides optimum conditions although immature. Therefore, bionanomaterials and compost S. balangeran can be applied to peatlands with agroforestry systems.
Keyword: germination, growth response, in vitro, in vivo

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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