Judul: Penggunaan Ekstrak Daun Sirih untuk Mengurangi Kadar Gas NH3 pada Feses Sapi Pedaging
Abstrak: Peternakan merupakan subsektor pertanian yang mampu menyediakan sumber protein hewani bagi masyarakat, salah satunya adalah kebutuhan daging yang berasal dari sapi pedaging. Kesadaran masyarakat dalam memenuhi kebutuhan protein hewani terus meningkat sehingga populasi sapi pedaging juga meningkat dan mengakibatkan produksi limbah yang dihasilkan akan semakin banyak. Limbah tersebut menjadi salah satu penyumbang polusi udara sehingga dibutuhkan solusi untuk mengurangi pencemaran udara berupa produksi gas NH3 dari feses sapi pedaging. Ekstrak daun sirih mengandung senyawa fenol yang berpotensi sebagai antimikroba. Mekanisme kerja senyawa fenol yaitu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri pembentuk gas NH3. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengkaji efektivitas penggunaan esktrak daun sirih untuk mengurangi kadar gas NH3 dari feses sapi pedaging. Perlakuan yang ditambahkan yaitu kontrol, 100 mg mL-1, 150 mg mL-1, dan 200 mg mL-1. Peubah yang diamati yaitu pH, jumlah bakteri dan konsentrasi NH3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan esktrak daun sirih tidak memberikan pengaruh pada peubah yang diamati.
Keyword: antimikroba, ekstrak, feses, NH3, sirih

Judul: Efektivitas Penggunaan Probiotik Padat dan Cair untuk Menurunkan Kadar Amonia (NH3) dan Hidrogen Sulfida (H2S) Feses Sapi Potong
Abstrak: Livestock production system could result in various environmental problems which should be reduced. Faeces of beef cattle contain several odor producing compounds (ammonia, NH3, and hydrogen sulfide, H2S) that may have negative effect on animal production. Probiotic supplementation (solid and liquid probiotic) is one alternative for reducing nitrogen excretion and other noxious gas. The aim of this study was to asses the effectivity of solid and liquid probiotic supplementation for reducing fecal NH3 and H2S concentrations in beef cattle. Eighteen local beef cattle (average initial body weight, BW, 448.8±7.16 kg) were allocated into three dietary treatments in a randomized block design (six cattles per treatments). Dietary treatments included: P1 as conrol (forage+concentrate+rice bran); P2 (P1+solid probiotic 0.25% w/w); and P3 (P1+liquid probiotic 0.1% v/w). Results showed that probiotic addition decreased significantly faecal NH3 concentration (P<0.05), but had no effect on H2S concentration. Suplementation with solid probiotic was more effective for decreasing fecal NH3 concentration than liquid probiotic supplementation.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite