Judul: Pengaruh Kombinasi Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Penambahan Bahan Organik Terlulilap Pertumbahan Prorocom Like Bodies (Plb) Anggrek Paraphalaenopsis Serpentilinguo
Abstrak: Anggrek Paraphalaenopsis Serpentilingua Merupakan Salah Satu Jenis Anggrek Alam Yang Berasai Dari Kalimantan Barat. Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No.7 Tabun 1999 Anggrek Ini Termasuk Ke Dalam Tumbuhan Yang Dilindungi. Untuk Mencegah Terjadinya Kepunahan, Maka Harus Diupayakan Teknik Budidaya Yang Tepat Sebagai Sarana Penyediaan Bibit Anggrek Secara Cepat Dengan Kualitas Dan Kuantitas Yang Baik. ...
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Judul: Pengaruh kombinasi zat pengaruh tumbuh dan potongan protocorm like bodies untuk perbanyakan anggrek bulan raksasa (Phalaenopsis gigantea) dengan metode kultur jaringan
Abstrak: Anggrek bulan raksasa (P. gigantea) merupakan salah satu anggrek alam dari Kalimantan. Bunganya berbau harum lembut, tersusun dalam tandan yang keluar dari ketiak daun paling bawah dengan tangkai menjuntai sepanjang 40 cm. Jumlah bunga tiap tandan sekitar 20-30 kuntum dengan garis tengah masing- masing bunga 5 cm bunga berwarna hijau keputihan dengan bintik-bintik dan garis-garis kecil coklat kehitaman yang mekar dalam periode 7-30 hari (Rukmana, 2000). P. gigantea merupakan anggrek langka dengan kategori kritis karena keberadaan populasinya menghadapi resiko kepunahan yang sangat tinggi akibat perubahan dan rusaknya habitat asli P. gigantea. Untuk mencegah kepunahan P. gigantea maka harus diupayakan suatu teknik budidaya yang tepat untuk memperbanyak P. gigantea dengan kualitas yang baik dan dalam waktu yang cepat. Hal ini perlu dilakukan karena secara alami biji anggrek yang terdiri dari embrio dan pelindung embrio (testa) tidak dapat tumbuh apabila tidak bersimbiosis dengan mikoriza. Teknik kultur in vitro adalah salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan perkecambahan biji anggrek. Modifikasi media dapat meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas P. gigantea. Media yang dimodifikasi dengan zat pengatur tumbuh IBA dan BAP dapat meningkatkan kuantitas P. gigantea yang dikulturkan. Penelitian inı dilaksanakan di Unit Kerja Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Anggrek Kebun Raya Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan selama enam bulan dari Bulan Februari sampai Juli 2003. ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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