Judul: Efek Pemberian Teripang Pasir (Holothuria scabra J) terhadap Profil Imunohistokimia Antioksidan Dismutase (SOD) pada Pankreas Tikus Diabetes
Abstrak: The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra J) on the profile of antioxidant enzymes copper,zinc-superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD) in the pancreatic of diabetes mellitus rats. A total of 25 male white rats (Sprague Dawley) were used for this study. They were divided into five groups; (1) negative control (KN), (2) positive control, rats with diabetes mellitus (KP), (3) diabetic rats treated with sea cucumber protein hydrolyzate (HDL), (4) diabetic rats treated with sea cucumber protein concentrated (KST), (5) diabetic rats treated with sea cucumber protein isolate (ISL). Diabetic condition conducted by alloxan injection with doses 110 mg/kg bb. Pancreatic β cells will be damaged by alloxan, then the insulin secretion will decrease. The treatment were done for 28 days. The pancreatic tissue were obtained after treatment ends. Pancreatic tissue were fixed with Bouin solution and then processed into histological preparations. The tissue were then stained with immunohistochemical staining techniques using monoclonal antibody of Cu,Zn-SOD. The results showed that treatment of HDL, KST, and ISL sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra J) increased content antioxidant Cu,Zn-SOD in pancreatic tissue. The HDL treatment gave the best effect in increasing the antioxidant content of Cu,Zn-SOD in pancreatic tissue of diabetic rats.
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Judul: The hypoglycemic activity 0f protein hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra J.) in rats
Abstrak: Sea cucumber (Holothuriascabra J.) contains high protein. The protein consists of several specific amino acids that can lower blood glucose, making it beneficial for patients with diabetes melitus (DM). The research aims to study the influence of free amino acids content in protein hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate of sea cucumber on the reduction of blood glucose in rats. The study consisted of five stages: (1) preparation and proximate analysis of sea cucumber meat, (2) analysis of total and free amino acids hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate, (3) determination of the hypoglycemic effect in rats, (4) bioassay (in vivo), and (5) testing of histopathology (hematoxylin-eosin and imunohistochemical). The results showed that protein content of sea cucumbers of meat and powder were 72.93%db and 72.07%db, respectively. Hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate showed relativelely similar content of total amino acid at level, 48.6%, 47.77%, and 48.61% respectively. However, the free amino acid content of hydrolysate was higher (2.88 %) than those of free amino acid content of concentrate (0.25%) and isolate (0.22%). The treatment of 300 mg/kg (dw) of hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate showed the best hypoglicemic effect in rats. In vivo test showed that treatment of DM+hydrolysate, DM+concentrate, and DM+isolate lower blood glucose levels and promote weight loss. These result were better than treatment of positive control (DM). Decreasing of blood glucose levels was noticed at about 53.9%, 6.6%, and 27.6% respectively, whereas weight gain was noticed at about 22.6%, 12.9%, and 17.3% respectively. The result intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity showed that hydrolisate, concentrate, and isolate was quite capable of maintaining the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and was unable to maintain the activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase. Histopathologic test with hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the number of islets per field of view in group DM+hydrolysate treated rats was greater than those found in the DM+concentrate and DM+isolate groups. The number of islet were 2.47±0.92, 1.80±0.78, and 2.00±0.93 respectively. The number of islets of Langerhans found in positive and negative control rats were 1.80±0.78 and 3.07±0.80 respectively. Imunohistochemical test showed that the number of beta cells in the DM+hydrolysate group was higher than those of the DM+concentrate and DM+isolate groups, namely 40.10±6:35, 37.42±27.61, and 28.40±10.75. The number of beta cells in negative and positive control groups were 84.30±20.02 and 12.50 ±3.21 respectively.
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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