Judul: Dynamics of total factor productivity in freshwater aquaculture and their impact on west java economy
Abstrak: West Java is one of the provinces in Indonesia that has the most dominant existing producer of freshwater aquaculture. West Java has an area of pond, fish paddy rice pond, floating net cages (KJA), and the amount of freshwater fishery farmers greater than most other provinces in Indonesia. On the other hand, the share of freshwater aquaculture from West Java to Indonesia’s aquaculture, tends to be stagnant in the last five years. Therefore it is necessary to exert efforts to develop of freshwater aquaculture in West Java. Strategic development direction is development by increasing productivity, especially in improving the quality of inputs, known as Total Factor Productivity (TFP). Increase in TFP will significantly affect production and will increase contribution to the economy of West Java. This study have three objectives: first, get explaining of the dynamics of Total Factor Productivity, both productivity growth rate and the level of productivity, in freshwater aquaculture on West Java. Second, find out what are the factors that affect the productivity of freshwater aquaculture. Third, know the implications of the dynamics of productivity to the economy of West Java. This study employs four methods: first analytical method was used the analysis of changes in Total Factor Productivity index. This method was used to measure the amount of change in a district TFP index in two different times. The second analytical method used was analysis interspatial TFP index. This method was used to measure the level of TFP among the districts in West Java. Third, econometric analysis was used to identify the factors that affect the productivity of freshwater aquaculture in West Java. Fourth, Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the data between the populations of the two median TFP. The result showed that in the period analyzed, the amount of speed change TFP index that uses media aquaculture ponds, rice fields and KJA has not changed. This is reinforced by the findings in the analysis of TFP interspatial. From the aspect of TFP levels interspatial value of aquaculture fish in rice fields have a value of TFP change index and the index of the smallest interspatial TFP, followed next aquaculture fish in the pond, and the largest in the KJA. This is consistent with the level of intensification is used. From the aspect of dynamics interspatial grade level TFP, TFP index interspatial in freshwater aquaculture in West Java has increased in the period 1997-2002 and then declined in the period 2002-2011. This is presumably due to the declining quality of the aquatic environment and the absence of an increase in the input of new technologies such as a new strain of fish that excel in the last ten years. Various inputs in aquaculture production was greatly affected the productivity of aquaculture itself. Factors that significantly affect the level of TFP index is the quality of the seed and feed quality. The higher the quality of the seed and feed, the greater the TFP index. Seed quality is reflected in the high number of fish seed survival until they can be harvested as a food fish, and the
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Judul: Development pattern for freshwater fish pond farmers capacity in West Java Province
Abstrak: Aquaculture plays an important role to improve socio-economic of the community. Freshwater fish farmers depend their household’s income from managing the business. However, they are lacking capacity in their business. The research objectives were to identify the factors influence fish farmers capacity and their business sustainability, and to design of strategies to lift-up fish farmers capacities. A number of 278 fish farmer respondents participated in the study from Bogor and Cianjur Districts of West Java Province. Research analysis by descriptive statistic, independent-samples T-test, and CHAID (Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection). Results of the research showed that capacity of fish farmer to practice their business was low. Factors influence onish farmers capacity were formal education, non-formal education, income, support service of input production, and performance of the extension workers on learning activity. Factors influence the business sustainability were fish farmer capacity, the function of group leader, performance of the extension workers on networking, and the support of input production. Strategies to lift-up small scale fish farmer capacity are as the follow by namely: to design fisheries extension programme systematically, to improve the extension workers performance, to improve the fish farmer’s group dynamics, and to raise of support services of financial, input production, and information institution
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Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4