Judul: Analysis of opportunities for applying cleaner production  in desiccated coconut processing industry (Case Study: UKM Laurike, Cibinong,  Bogor)
Abstrak: Penerapan produksi bersih pada industri kelapa parut kering (Desiccated coconut) dilakukan untuk mencegah atau minimisasi limbah dengan meningkatkan produktivitas, efisiensi dan efektivias produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi aliran bahan baku, energi dan air, menganalisis kelayakan teknis, lingkungan, dan finansial dengan perhitungan B/C ratio dan payback periode (PP), serta menentukan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari analisis quick scan, identifikasi aliran material, energi dan limbah, penentuan alternatif, analisis kelayakan serta pemilihan prioritas produksi bersih. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengamatan proses produksi kelapa parut di pasar hingga menjadi kelapa parut kering di UKM. Proses produksi terdiri dari pengupasan tempurung, pengupasan kulit ari, pencucian, pemarutan, sterilisasi (blanching), pengeringan, pengemasan dan penyimpanan. Masing-masing proses terdapat limbah yang terbentuk dan masalah inefisiensi. Alternatif produksi bersih yang dapat direkomendasikan diantaranya (1) penerapan good house-keeping pada tiap proses produksi, (2) pelatihan SOP produksi, (3) pemanfaatan kembali air proses sterilisasi (PP 0.04 tahun B/C 24.15), (4) pembuatan nata de coco dari air kelapa (PP 0,77 tahun dan B/C 1,45), (5) penggantian alat pengukus dengan ukuran lebih besar (PP 0,34 tahun dan B/C 1,25) dan (6) pemasangan paddle pada water jacket (PP 0,05 tahun dan B/C 1,0)., The application of cleaner production in the dry shredded coconut (Desiccated coconut) industry can be done to prevent the formation of waste or minimize waste using productivity, efficiency, and production effectiveness. The purpose of this research was to identify the flow of raw materials, energy, and water, environmental and financial analysis with calculation of benefit-cost ratio (B/C ratio) and payback period (PP), and the selection of cleaner production priorities. The research was carried out by observing the production process of shredded coconut to become desicated coconut at a small enterprise. The process consists of coconut shell pelling, washing, grating, sterilizing (blanching), drying, packaging, and storage. Each process produced solid or liquid waste to be inefficiency problems. The cleaner production alternatives that can be implemented are (1) good house-keeping, (2) SOP training, (3) the reuse water from sterilization process (PP 0.04 years B/C 24.15), (4) making nata de coco from coconut water PP 0.77 years and B/C 1.45), (5) replacement of steamer with a larger size (PP 0.34 years and B/C 1.25) and (6) paddle installation on the water jacket (PP 0.05 years and B/C 1.0).
Keyword: Cleaner production, desiccated coconut, drying, feasibility analysis

Judul: Studi on Cleaner Production Oppurtunities in the Coconut Palm Sugar Processing (Case Study at Koperasi Wanita Srikandi, Purworejo)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan produksi bersih pada industri gula semut kelapa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi identifikasi limbah, identifikasi alternatif produksi bersih, analisis kelayakan (teknis, finansial, dan lingkungan) pada penerapan produksi bersih, dan penentuan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih dengan metode MPE. Rantai proses produksi gula semut terdiri dari : (1) petani membuat gula semut dan gula cetak dari nira kelapa; (2) pengepul menerima gula semut dari petani dan membuat gula semut dari gula cetak; (3) pabrik pusat mengolah lebih lanjut gula semut dari pengepul. Hasil identifikasi limbah berupa kotoran dalam nira, abu sisa pembakaran, terbentuknya inti kristal, loss energy, kadar air gula semut tinggi, ampas parutan kelapa, dan ceceran gula. Alternatif produksi bersih yang direkomendasikan adalah pemanfaatan abu menjadi pupuk (PBP 0.0102 tahun dan B/C 98.11), mengganti bahan tungku (PBP 0.042 tahun dan B/C 240), modifikasi peralatan pengeringan (PBP 0.32 tahun dan B/C 21.73), mengganti bahan proses di petani gula cetak (PBP 0.026 tahun dan B/C 38.48), menyediakan mesin penepung gula semut (PBP 0.094 tahun dan B/C 36), dan perbaikan/modifikasi peralatan pengayakan, pengeringan, dan pengemasan (PBP 0.072 tahun dan B/C 66.4). Prioritas penerapan produksi bersih adalah perbaikan dan modifikasi peralatan pengayakan, pengeringan, dan pengemasan., This study aims to observe the application of cleaner production in coconut palm sugar industry. Stages of the research include waste identification, cleaner production alternative identification, feasibility analysis (technical, financial, and environmental) toward the application of cleaner production, and priority of cleaner production determined by Exponential Comparison Method (ECM). The cycles of coconut palm sugar production process are including: (1) farmers make coconut palm sugar and coconut sugar of nira water; (2) collector received coconut palm sugar from farmers and make it of coconut sugar; (3) main factory further process it from collector. Results of waste identification show debris in the sap, ash from combustion residue, formation of crystal core, loss energy, high coconut palm sugar water content, grated coconut pulp, and scattered sugar. The suggested alternatives are ash utilization into fertilizer (PBP 0.0102 years and B/C 98.11), replacing furnace materials (PBP 0.042 years and B/C 240), drying equipment modification (PBP 0.32 years and B/C 21.73), replacing materials in coconut sugar process (PBP 0.026 years and B/C 38.48), providing a pulverization machine (PBP 0.094 years and B/C 36), and repair/modification of filtering, drying, and packaging equipment (PBP 0.072 years and B/C 66.4). The priorities of cleaner production application are improvement and modification of filtering, drying, and packaging equipment.
Keyword: coconut palm sugar, cleaner production, ECM, financial feasibility, quick scan

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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