Judul: Development of Cotton-based Microfluide  Device for Assessment of Hematocrit in Pregnant Ewes, Dehydration and  Septicaemia Models
Abstrak: Perubahan metabolik dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai kondisi dan fase fisiologis, seperti perubahan profil darah pada kondisi kebuntingan atau kondisi patologis lainnya seperti septicaemia. Pemeriksaan darah lengkap biasa dilakukan untuk mengetahui status kesehatan hewan atau untuk mendukung diagnosis. Salah satu pemeriksaan darah adalah pemeriksaan kadar hematokrit. Pengembangan alat mikrofluida untuk menilai kadar hematokrit pada penelitian ini dikembangkan menggunakan kain katun berdasarkan panjang rembesan darah. Sebanyak 3 kelompok darah domba (jantan n=2, bunting n=2, dan tidak bunting n=2) dimanipulasi menjadi 3 kondisi yaitu pengenceran, normal, dan peningkatan konsentrasi, kemudian panjang rembesan dan kadar hematokrit. diukur. Pengaruh penyimpanan darah terhadap kadar hematokrit juga diuji dengan menyimpan darah pada hari ke 0, 2, 4, dan 7. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan panjang rembesan pada masing-masing sampel darah. Jarak terjauh diperoleh pada kondisi pengenceran. Sementara, jarak terpendek diperoleh pada peningkatan konsentrasi. Pengaruh penyimpanan darah terhadap kadar hematokrit menunjukkan penurunan pada hari ke-7 pada pengukuran dengan menggunakan alat mikofluida di semua sampel darah dan hari ke-4 pada tabung mikrokapiler hematokrit pada sampel darah jantan dan tidak bunting. Sementara, pada sampel darah bunting, kadar hematokrit cenderung stabil. Pengembangan alat mikofluida berbasis kain katun mampu mengukur nilai kadar hematokrit sehingga menjadi bahan pertimbangan sebagai alat diagnostik untuk menilai hematokrit., Metabolic changes can be caused by various physiological conditions and phases, such as changes in blood profile in pregnancy or other pathological conditions such as septicemia. Complete blood count is usually done to determine the health status of the animal or to support the diagnosis. One of the blood tests is the examination of hematocrit levels. The development of a microfluidic device to assess the hematocrit level in this research was developed using cotton cloth based on the wicking length of blood. A total of 3 groups of sheep's blood (male n=2, pregnant n=2, and not pregnant n=2) were manipulate in to 3 conditions, namely dilution, normal, and increasing concentration, and then the wicking length and hematocrite level measured. The effect of blood storage on hematocrit levels was also tested by storing blood on days 0, 2, 4, and 7. The results showed that there were differences in the length of wicking in each blood sample. The longest was obtained in the dilution condition. However, the shortest was obtained at increasing concentration. The effect of blood storage on hematocrit levels showed a decrease in day 7 on measured by using the microfluidic device in all blood samples and day 4 on microcapillary hematocrit tubes in male and non-pregnant blood samples. However, in pregnant blood samples, hematocrit levels tended to be stable. The development of a microfluidic device based on cotton cloth is able to measure the value of the hematocrit level so that it becomes a consideration as a diagnostic tool to assess the hematocrit.
Keyword: kain katun, anemia, hematokrit, domba, cotton cloth, anemia, hematocrit, sheep

Judul: Development of A Microfluidic Cotton ClothBased Device for Early Pregnancy Detection from Cattle Milk Samples
Abstrak: Deteksi dini kebuntingan sebagai aspek penting dalam manajemen reproduksi perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan efisiensi reproduksi. Deteksi dini kebuntingan menggunakan reagen tembaga sulfat (CuSO4) sebelumnya belum banyak digunakan dan hanya diuji menggunakan metode tabung standar yang membutuhkan volume sampel dan reagen yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat diagnostik kebuntingan dini pada sapi menggunakan reagen CuSO4 berbasis mikrofluida kain katun dengan indikator jarak panjang cairan. Kain katun dengan dua kali pencucian menghasilkan jarak rembes terjauh dibandingkan dengan tanpa pencucian, pencucian tunggal dan pencucian menggunaan pemutih. Jarak sumbu plasma hamil tua, hamil muda, dan tidak hamil masing-masing adalah 0,74, 1,60, dan 1,90 cm. Selanjutnya, jarak sumbu koagulan hamil tua, hamil muda, dan tidak hamil masing-masing adalah 0,52, 0,80, dan 1,14 cm. Pemberian larutan CuSO4 3% dalam matriks kain katun mampu mendeteksi kehamilan dalam 30 detik. Nilai Limit of Detection (LoD) dan Limit of Quantification (LoQ) plasma susu adalah 0,17 mm dan 0,52 mm. Nilai LoD dan LoQ dari koagulan adalah 0,32 mm dan 0,98 mm., Early detection of pregnancy as an important aspect of reproductive management needs to be developed to improve reproductive efficiency. Early detection of pregnancy using copper sulfate (CuSO4) reagent has not previously been widely used and is only tested using the standard tube method which requires large volumes of samples and reagents. This study aims to develop an early pregnancy diagnostic device in cattle using CuSO4 reagent based on cotton cloth microfluidics with length distance of fluid indicator. Cotton cloth with two washes produced the furthest wicking distance compared to unwashed, single wash and bleach wash. The plasma wicking distance of late pregnant, early pregnant, and non-pregnant were 0.74, 1.60, and 1.90 cm, respectively. Furthermore, the coagulant wicking distance of late pregnant, early pregnant, and non-pregnant were 0.52, 0.80, and 1.14 cm, respectively. The impregnated of 3% CuSO4 solution in cotton cloth matrix able to detect pregnancy in 30 seconds. The Limit of detection (LoD) and Limit of Quantification (LoQ) values of milk plasma were 0.17 mm and 0.52 mm. The LoD and LoQ values of coagulant were 0.32 mm and 0.98 mm.
Keyword: copper sulfate, early pregnancy test, cattle, cotton fabric, microfluidic

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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