Judul: Characterization of Red Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes in The Lowlands of Bogor
Abstrak: Kacang merah dibudidayakan di Indonesia terutama di dataran tinggi dan secara terbatas di dataran rendah. Budidaya kacang merah di dataran rendah memiliki peluang lebih besar dibandingkan dataran tinggi. Budidaya kacang merah belum didukung dengan ketersediaan varietas unggul. Perakitan varietas unggul memerlukan informasi keragaman genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi keragaman morfologi dan agronomi 13 genotipe kacang merah. Penelitian dilakukan pada Desember 2022-Februari 2023 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, Dramaga, Bogor pada ketinggian 183 mdpl. Sebanyak 13 genotipe kacang merah ditanam dalam rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak tiga ulangan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter morfologi dan agronomi baik kualitatif maupun kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakter tinggi tanaman vegetatif, tinggi tanaman generatif, jumlah buku, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah tandan produktif, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong, bobot polong, dan bobot polong per tanaman. Faktor genetik berperan besar mengendalikan karakter tinggi tanaman vegetatif, tinggi tanaman generatif, jumlah buku, umur berbunga, umur panen, jumlah tandan produktif, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong, bobot polong, dan bobot polong per tanaman dengan h2bs 0,57-0,98. Dendrogram karakter morfologi dan agronomi diukur dengan jarak 3,00 mengelompokkan 13 genotipe kacang merah menjadi empat cluster. Cluster I terdiri dari genotipe KM49, KM49, KM47, KM56, KM54, KM52, dan KM57. Cluster II terdiri dari genotipe B165-5, B165-3, B165-2, dan KM8. Cluster III genotipe KM24 dan cluster IV genotipe KM58., Kidney beans are cultivated in Indonesia, especially in the highlands, and to a limited extent in the lowlands. The cultivation of kidney beans in lowland areas ha a greater opportunity compared to highland areas. The cultivation of kidney beans is not yet supported by the availability of superior varieties. Assembling superior varieties requires information on genetic diversity. This research aims to obtain information on the morphological and agronomic diversity of 13 genotypes of kidney beans. The research was conducted from December 2022 to February 2023 at the Leuwikopo Experimental Garden, IPB University, Dramaga, Bogor at an altitude of 183 meters above sea level. A total of 13 genotypes of kidney beans were planted in a randomized complete block design three replications. Observations were made on morphological and agronomic characters, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The results showed that genotype significantly affected the characters of vegetative plant height, generative plant height, number of nodes, flowering age, harvesting age, number of productive bunches, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight and pod per plant weight. The characteristics of vegetative plant height, generative plant height, number of nodes, flowering age, harvesting age, number of productive bunches, number of pods per plants, pod length, pod weight, and pod per plant weight are largely influenced by genetic factors, with h2 bs ranging from 0.57 to 0.98. The dendrogram of morphological and agronomic characteristics, measured at a distance of 3.00 classified 13 kidney beans genotypes into four clusters. Cluster I consisted of the genotypes KM49, KM49, KM47, KM56, KM54, KM52, and KM57. Cluster II consisted of genotypes B165-5, B165-3, B165-2, and KM8. Cluster III of the KM24 genotype, and cluster IV of the KM58 genotype.
Keyword: kidney bean, diversity, heritability

Judul: Effect of Mulching on Several Genotypes of Kidney  Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the Lowlands
Abstrak: Kacang merah cocok ditanam dengan ketinggian 1000 – 1500 m dpl. Luas lahan kacang merah pada dataran tinggi mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya. Kacang merah berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di dataran rendah dengan modifikasi iklim mikro. Penanaman di dataran rendah dapat memberikan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi karena lebih dekat kepada konsumen. Modifikasi iklim mikro yang digunakan yaitu penggunaan mulsa yang memberikan kondisi yang cenderung sesuai bagi tanaman kacang merah seperti suhu dan kelembaban sehingga tanaman kacang merah dapat tumbuh dan berkembang dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari respon genotipe kacang merah terhadap perlakuan mulsa, interaksi genotipe dengan perlakuan mulsa terhadap produksi, dan seleksi genotipe terbaik. Penelitian dilakukan pada September 2023 sampai Januari 2024 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB, Ciampea, Bogor. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu RKLT Pola Tersarang (nested design) dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah perlakuan mulsa dengan dua taraf yaitu dengan mulsa dan tanpa mulsa, faktor kedua adalah genotipe dengan 7 genotipe kacang merah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan mulsa berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap karakter cabang produktif, panjang polong, panjang tangkai polong, jumlah biji perpolong, bobot basah polong, bobot kering polong, bobot kering biji, jumlah polong, dan umur berhenti berbunga kacang merah. Interaksi antara genotipe dengan perlakuan mulsa menunjukkan peningkatan pada panjang tangkai polong, bobot basah polong, bobot kering polong, bobot kering biji, jumlah polong, dan umur berhenti berbunga. Genotipe terbaik yaitu KM58 yang memiliki panjang tangkai polong tertinggi perlakuan dengan mulsa dan tanpa mulsa, bobot kering polong tertinggi perlakuan dengan mulsa dan tanpa mulsa, dan bobot kering biji tertinggi perlakuan mulsa dan tanpa mulsa., Kidney beans are suitable for cultivating at an altitude of 1000 – 1500 m above sea level. The area of kidney bean land in the highlands decreases every year. Kidney beans have the potential to be developed in the lowlands with microclimate modification. Planting in the lowlands can get higher profits because it is closer to consumers. The microclimate modification used is the use of mulch which provides conditions that tend to be suitable for kidney bean plants such as temperature and humidity so that kidney bean plants can grow and develop well. This research aims to study the response of kidney bean genotypes to mulch treatment, the interaction of genotypes with mulch treatment on production, and the selection of the best genotype. The research was conducted from September 2023 to January 2024 at the Leuwikopo IPB Experimental Garden, Ciampea, Bogor. The design used in the research is the Nested Pattern RKLT (nested design) with two factors. The first factor is mulching treatment with two levels, namely with mulch and without mulch, the second factor is a genotype with 7 levels bean genotypes. The results of the research showed that mulch treatment had a very significant effect on the character of productive branches, pod length, pod stalk length, number of seeds per pod, pods of pods, dry weight of pods, dry weight of seeds, number of pods, and the age at which kidney beans stopped flowering. The interaction between genotype and mulch treatment showed an increase in pod stalk length, pods, pod dry weight, seed
Keyword: iklim mikro, Irigasi Tetes, protein, cekaman fisik, rancangan tersarang

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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