Judul: Marketing Efficiency Analysis of Citrus nobilis var. Microcarpa in Nagalingga Village Merek District Karo Regency
Abstrak: Salah satu daerah sentra produksi jeruk siam adalah Desa Nagalingga Kecamatan Merek Kabupaten Karo. Produksi jeruk siam mengalami fluktuasi setiap tahunnya dan terdapat perbedaan harga yang cukup tinggi antara harga yang dibayarkan konsumen dengan harga yang diterima petani. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis saluran pemasaran, fungsi-fungsi pemasaran serta menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran jeruk siam di Desa Nagalingga Kecamatan Merek Kabupaten Karo. Metode yang digunakan untuk memilih petani responden dilakukan secara sensus dan lembaga pemasaran berdasarkan snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat tiga saluran pemasaran yang terbentuk dan melakukan fungsi pemasaran berbeda-beda. Saluran pemasaran 2 (Petani- pedagang pengumpul kecamatan-konsumen) merupakan saluran yang relatif efisien karena mempunyai nilai marjin pemasaran yang rendah yaitu Rp16.500, farmer’s share yang tinggi sebesar 36,8% dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya yang tinggi sebesar 10,83. Saluran pemasaran 2 sudah melaksanakan fungsi pemasarannya secara lengkap di tingkat lembaga pemasaran., One of the central production of Citrus nobilis var. Microcarpa is Nagalingga Village Merek District Karo Regency. Citrus nobilis var. Microcarpa production fluctuates every year and there is a fairly high price difference between the price paid by consumers and the price received by farmers. The purpose of this study was to analyze marketing channels, marketing functions as well as analyze the marketing efficiency of Citrus nobilis var. Microcarpa in Nagalingga Village Merek District Karo Regency. The method used to select farmer respondents was carried out by census and marketing agency respondents based on snowball sampling. The results of the study show that there are three marketing channels that are formed and carry out different marketing functions. Marketing channel 2 (Farmers-district collectors-consumers) is a relatively efficient channel because it has a low marketing margin value of Rp16.500, a high share of farmers of 36,8% and a high profit to cost ratio of 10,83. Marketing channel 2 has carried out its marketing function completely at the level marketing institutions.
Keyword: Analisis Efisiensi Pemasaran

Judul: Analisis Saluran dan Efisiensi Pemasaran Jeruk Siam di Desa Kacinambun Kecamatan Tigapanah Kabupaten Karo
Abstrak: Desa Kacinambun merupakan salah satu desa dengan kontribusi produksi jeruk siam terbesar di Kabupaten Karo. Permasalahan yang dihadapi petani adalah permasalahan proses produksi, perbedaan harga yang tinggi antara petani produsen dengan konsumen serta posisi petani sebagai price taker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi lembaga, fungsi, dan saluran pemasaran yang terbentuk; (2) menganalisis efisiensi saluran pemasaran jeruk siam. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share, serta rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lembaga pemasaran jeruk siam terdiri dari pedagang pengumpul desa, pedagang besar, dan pedagang pengecer. Seluruh lembaga pemasaran melakukan fungsi pemasaran, yaitu fungsi pertukaran, fisik, dan fasilitas. Kedua saluran pemasaran yang tersedia dapat dikatakan kurang efisien. Saluran pemasaran 1 (petani-konsumen) dari segi indikator marjin pemasaran dan farmer’s share efisien karena memiliki nilai marjin pemasaran terendah dan farmer’s share tertinggi, namun dari segi R/C ratio kurang efisien karena memiliki R/C ratio dan pangsa pasar yang rendah. Sementara itu saluran pemasaran 2 (petani-pedagang pengumpul desa-pedagang besar-pengecer) dari segi indikator marjin pemasaran dan farmer’s share dapat dikatakan kurang efisien, namun memiliki R/C ratio yang tinggi dan pangsa pasar cukup besar. Kata kunci: farmer’s share, fungsi, lembaga, marjin, price taker., Kacinambun Village is one of the villages with the largest contribution to Siamese orange production in Karo Regency. The problems faced by farmers are problems in the production process, the high price difference between producing farmers and consumers and the position of farmers as price takers. The aims of this study were (1) to identify the institutions, functions and marketing channels formed; (2) analyzing the marketing channel efficiency of Siamese oranges. The data analysis method used is descriptive qualitative analysis and marketing margin analysis, farmer's share, and profit to cost ratio. The results showed that the Siamese orange marketing agency consisted of village collectors, wholesalers, and retailers. All marketing institutions carry out marketing functions, namely exchange, physical, and facility functions. The two available marketing channels can be said to be less efficient. Marketing channel 1 (farmer-consumer) in terms of indicators of marketing margin and farmer's share is efficient because it has the lowest marketing margin value and the highest farmer's share, but in terms of R/C ratio it is less efficient because it has a low R/C ratio and market share. Meanwhile, marketing channel 2 (farmer-rural collector-large trader-retailer) in terms of indicators of marketing margin and farmer's share can be said to be less efficient, but has a high R/C ratio and quite a large market share. Keywords: farmer’s share, function, institution, margin, price taker.
Keyword: farmer's share, function, institution, margin, price taker

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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