Judul: Emisi Formaldehida Papan Komposit dari Limbah Kayu dan Karton Gelombang Menggunakan Perekat Campuran Melamine Formaldehyde (MF) dan Water Based Polymer Isocyanate (WBPI)
Abstrak: Wood waste and cardboard is one of the raw materials that can be used as raw materials in the manufacture of composite products. Creative and innovative research has been done on the use of wood waste and cardboard to produce composite board that has excellent physical and mechanical properties (Massijaya and Hadi, 2005), but the emission of formaldehyde produced is still relatively high. The objective of this study was to determine the content of formaldehyde emission on wood waste composite board and corrugated cardboard which are bonded with an adhesive mixture of melamine formaldehyde (MF) and Water-Based Polymer Isocyanate (WBPI) at various contents of paraffin. Formaldehyde emission testing used a bottle method of WKI-Wilhelm Klaunitz Institute. The research referred to previous studies on composite board manufacturing from wood waste and corrugated board with the results of the best mechanically, and physical properties. The compositions of adhesive mixed between WBPI and MF were 0:1 and 1:4, with the contents of paraffin addition were 0%, 4%, and 8%. Based on the testing by the bottle method of WKI-Wilhelm Klaunitz Institute, the average value of emissions with the adhesive composition of WBPI: MF (0:1) was 5,54 mg/L, while the adhesive of WBPI: MF (1:4) was 3,25 mg/L. Mixing adhesive significantly decreased formaldehyde emissions of composite board, as well as mixing of adhesive, addition of paraffin significantly increased formaldehyde emissions of composite board. The values of the adhesive WBPI: MF (1:4) with paraffin contents of 0%, 4%, and 8% were 1.66; 1.77; 2.11 mg/L, while the adhesive WBPI: MF (0:1) with paraffin contents of 0%, 4%, and 8% were 2.92; 3.32; 3.51mg/L. The composition of adhesive WBPI: MF (1:4) produced the emission value of F** and the composition of adhesive WBPI of MF (0:1) produced an emission value of F*S at all addition levels of paraffin by the standard of JAS 2003. Based on SNI, adhesive WBPI: MF (1:4) produced an emission value of E1 at all addition levels of paraffin, and adhesive WBPI: MF (0:1) produced an emission value of E2 at all addition levels of paraffin.
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Judul: Determinasi emisi formaldehida papan komposit dari limbah kayu dan anyaman bambu betung [Dendrocalamus asper (Schult.f.) Backer ex Heyne]
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. There are many research have been done on composite board and it's characteristic. Composite board was a promising forest product that can substitute products which needs a lot of wood materials. Formaldehyde resin which used in composite board caused formaldehyde emission problem to the environment. The focus of this research is to determine formaldehyde emission from composite board which was made of wood industrial waste and betung bamboo plaited mats. Some of importing countries have made regulation about formaldehyde emission level for forest product, so that for Indonesia as an exporter forest product should fulfill this requirement. Therefore, in this research isocyanate was used to reduce formaldehyde emission from Melamin Formaldehida (MF). The objectives of this research are to find the best glue composition for low formaldehyde emission, and to know relation between moisture content and formaldehyde emission value. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Wood industrial waste materials used in this research are acacia, sengon, and Shorea spp. For gluing the composite board was bended using MF and isocyanate. Treatment in this research include composition of isocyanate -MF (1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 0:1) and paraffin level (0%, 2%, 4%. 6%, 8%). The research methods are board making which includes glue mixing isocyanate-MF, mat forming, hot pressing, and conditioning ± 2 weeks. The composite board was analyzed for formaldehyde emission test used the WKI bottle method. Statistical analyze using program SPSS 13. Two standards are use to classify the emission value, there are SNI 01-6050-1999 and JAS 2003. RESULT AND DISCUSSION. From the formaldehyde emission test, it found that the glue composition which fulfill the F**** (JAS 2003) and E0 (SNI 01- 6050-1999) are isocyanate-MF 0:1 with paraffin level 0% until 8% and glue composition of isocyanate-MF 1:1 with paraffin level 2%. The glue composition which fulfill the F*S and E2 are isocyanate-MF 1:1 with paraffin level 0%, 4%, 6%, isocyanate-MF 1:2 with paraffin level 6%, and isocyanate-MF 1:4 with paraffin level 8%. The glue composition which fulfill the F** and El is isocyanate-MF 1:1 with paraffin level 8%. And the glue composition that fulfill the F** and E2 is isocyanate-MF with paraffin level 4%. Other glue composition and paraffin levels did not fulfill the emission value of JAS 2003 and SNI 01- 6050-1999 standard. This research found that emission values are influenced by type of resin, resin composition, and the amounts of resin that used. The formaldehyde emission value might be influenced by resin molar ratio, and wood species...
Keyword: Composite board, Emissions formladehida, Melamine formladehida, Isocyanate, WKI bottle method

Judul: Bluetongue
Abstrak: Bluetongue (BT) adalah penyakit yang akut nonkontagiosa pada ternak yang disebabkan oleh virus Orbi. Penularan horizontal ke hewan rentan dilakukan melalui vektor arthropoda Culicoides sp, penularan secara vertikal terja di melalui induk yang terinfeksi kepada anaknya. Nama Bluetongue pertama kali diperkenalkan oleh Theiler pada tahun 1902, sewaktu kejadian epidemik di Afrika Selatan, sedang penyakit semacam BT telah dikenal jauh sве belumnya, yaitu pada tahun 1876. Transportasi dan mobilitas ternak yang tinggi, memudahkan penyebaran penyakit BT ke negara lainnya seperti: Israel, Cyprus, Amerika, Aus- tralia, Mexico dan bahkan pada tahun 1981 penyakit BT telah ditemukan di Indonesia, tepatnya di daerah Caringin, Bogor. Hewan rentan adalah ruminansia besar dan kecil, dengan kerentanan yang berbeda-beda pada masing-masing spesies. Domba diketahui sebagai hewan yang paling peka terhadap BT, sedang sapi diduga sebagai reservoir. Masing-masing jenis dombapun mempunyai kerentanan yang berbeda dan umumnya BT menyerang domba diatas usia 1 tahun. Masa inku basi BT diperkirakan selama 7 hari dengan variasi mulai 3 hari sampai 10 hari. Sesuai dengan siklus hidup Culicoides sp, BT lebih banyak muncul pada awal musim hujan atau akhir musim panas. ...
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