Judul: Kontestasi Penguasaan Sumber Daya Hutan di Provinsi Aceh (Studi Kasus: Desa Jamur Konyel, Kec. Bintang, Kab. Aceh Tengah, Prov. Aceh)
Abstrak: The hardest part in natural resources management, especially forest, is natural resources management and the governance system. Stakeholders contestation in forest resources management that discussed in this research are Local Government, Jamur Konyel Community and Central Government who have impacts direct and indirect toward forest resources management in Jamur Konyel Village. This differentiation importance bringing up the conflict of interest that impact on the environment degradation, highly poverty levels, and another social aspect. The forest status in Jamur Konyel area is draw up as Taman Buru Lingga Isaq as added on Minister of Agricultural decree No. 70/KPTS/Um/2/1978, on February , 1st 1978. The community who living in Taman Buru Lingga Isaq accessing forest for their agricultural area as their primary live hood to complete their living needs. On the other hand, the society has utilized the forest as a coffee plantation for a long time, before the decree was published. The government has a various empowerment program which indirectly influence in forest resources management, where they set aside the facilities to increase the society abilities in managing forest resources. To solve this problem, the stakeholders have an effort discussing and creating a policy which can be facilitated the interest among the stakeholders.
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Judul: Konflik-konflik sumberdaya hutan di Jawa Barat dan Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
Abstrak: The role of forests as a basis of human livelihood has occurred for a long time since the world’s early agricultural history. Throughout history, it has shown that the people’s living strategy has different patterns, influenced by culture and social changes. However, changes had to be carried out to respond to conflicts that occur due to the entry of state policy on the management of forest areas. By taking the exemplary case of conflicts in two locations, namely Mount Halimun Salak National Park (T.N.G.H.S.) located in the Bogor Regency, Sukabumi Regency and Lebak Regency, West Java and Banten Provinces, and Sungai Utik Forest, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province, through constructivist research methods and qualitative approach, the author can say that these forest resource conflicts always occur involving multiple parties with multiple interests. At least in the case of T.N.G.H.S. there are two parties in conflict, namely the State and the indigenous people of Kasepuhan, whereas in the case of Sungai Utik, it involves many parties, namely the State (Central Government), the State (Local Government), businessmen who are affiliated with the Central Government and businessmen who are affiliated with the Local Government and the indigenous people of Dayak Iban in Sungai Utik. Conflicts at T.N.G.H.S. occur because the state issued a policy on the expansion of the national park, while conflicts at Sungai Utik Forest occur because the state (Central Government) issued the Business License for Timber Management (I.U.P.H.H.K.) policy for businessmen, and the Local Government also issued the Business Licence for Plantation (I.U.P.) policy in the same region. Based on the phenomenon of conflicts in T.N.G.H.S. and Sungai Utik Forest, it can be said that conflicts of forest resources are conflicts of meaning, conflicts of tenur, conflicts of authority and conflicts of livelihood. Foucault's theory was used to see the conflict of meaning. The meaning is affected by the knowledge of the actor. This knowledge empowers the actors to claim the area as their property and gives them the power to control and to manage the forest resources. To analyze conflicts of tenur, conflicts of authority and conflicts of livelihood, the Dahrendorf conflict theory was used. Through the analysis of the Dahrendorf conflict theory, it can be said that the sharper the conflict of forest resources, the more visible the presence of the subordinated party and the other party that becomes the super ordinate. The indigenous people are the subordinated party, whereas the state is the super ordinate party. The more subordinated the people, the less the authority they have, and the more difficult the indigenous people obtain their interest on the right of access to forest management; thus the more resilient the people become in finding various supports for conflict resolution. Based on the phenomena found on location, conflicts of forest resources in the Kasepuhan community and the Dayak Iban community of Sungai Utik gave birth to a new theory, namely “the theory of social resilience in the fight over forest resources”. The resilience is understood as a struggle for survival. Each community has a different level of resilience. Communities
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Judul: Imobilisasi Metformin Hidroklorida pada Hidrogel Poli(Vinil Alkohol) (PVA) dengan Teknik Iradiasi.
Abstrak: Hidrogel dikenal sebagai salah satu jenis makromolekul polimer hidrofilik berbentuk jaringan bertaut silang yang banyak digunakan dalam matriks pengungkung/pelepas obat. Hidrogel dibuat dengan proses beku-leleh dan iradiasi gamma. Campuran poli(vinil) alkohol 10% (b/v) dalam air yang mengandung metformin HCl (10, 20, 30 mg) dibeku-lelehkan kemudian diiradiasi dengan sinar gamma (0, 10, 15, 20 kGy). Hidrogel yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier transform infrared. Pelepasan metformin HCl dari hidrogel diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Fraksi gel dan daya serap air dihitung pada hidrogel yang tidak tercampur obat. Hidrogel tanpa iradiasi dan hidrogel hasil iradiasi memperlihatkan pergeseran bilangan gelombang pada gugus -OH dan -CH. Kinetika pelepasan obat dari hidrogel diukur berdasarkan persamaan orde nol. Fraksi gel yang diperoleh memiliki rataan 97-98%. Jumlah air yang diserap oleh hidrogel semakin berkurang dengan bertambahnya dosis iradiasi.
Keyword: hidrogel, imobilisasi, iradiasi, metformin HCl, PVA