Judul: Screening of Probiotic Bacterium for Controling Streptococcosis in Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.
Abstrak: Streptococcus iniae is a pathogenic bacteria that responsible for streptococcosis disease in tilapia. The used of probiotic bacteria is one of the method in aquaculture that was used to control infectious diseases. The aimed of this research was to find probiotic bacteria from intestine of fresh water fishes and water media potentially inhibit S. iniae infection in tilapia. Eighty six isolates of bacteria that had been isolated from tilapia, common carp, siam catfish, walking catfish and jelawat, as well as from water media, were in vitro and in vivo tested to find out its ability to inhibit S. iniae. Five isolates namely AN3, AL4, WY3 that isolated from tilapia, common carp and catfish intestine respectively, as well as DM1 and KH1 from water media have inhibition activity against S. iniae in vitro and in vivo test. The highest protection of tilapia against S. iniae was showed in fish previously injected with DM1 and AN3. 16SrRNA gene based sequencing of DM1 and AN3 showed that the isolate was Proteus mirabilis and Aeromonas sobria respectively.
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Judul: Aplikasi Berbagai Dosis Bakteri Proteolitik L1k dalam Pakan untuk Pengendalian Streptococcosis pada Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus dengan Metode Kohabitasi
Abstrak: Tilapia is a popular freshwater commodity were attacked bacterial disease such as streptococcosis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. The objective of this research are to assay added treatment of bacterial proteolytic L1k toward increase immune response immune of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) infected by Streptococcus agalactiae N14G with cohabitation method. In this study, fish were fed diets containing different doses of proteolytic bacteria of L1k with the doses of 1%, 2% and 3%. Control fish (positive control and a negative control) were not given feed containing probiotic. After that, the fish tested challenged by cohabitation method. Treatment of bacteria proteolytic L1k in different doses of 1%, 2% and 3% can increase the survival rate of tilapia (respectively for 93.33%, 95.56%, and 97.78%) compared with the positive control fish by 68.89%. The addition of bacteria proteolytic L1k as probiotics to the diet may increase the immune response
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Judul: Massa Graviton Berdasarkan Teori De Rham- Gabadadze-Tolley Dalam Model Alam Semesta Datar Friedmann-Lemaitre- Roberson-Walker
Abstrak: Teori Relativitas Umum memprediksi ekspansi alam semesta diperlambat, sedangkan hasil observasi supernova tipe Ia mendapati ekspansi alam semesta dipercepat. Teori Relativitas Umum dimodifikasi melalui pendekatan teori gravitasi bermassa nonlinier oleh de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT). Massa graviton dimunculkan untuk dinamika skala sangat besar. Persamaan medan Einstein teori dRGT dapat dirumuskan dari prinsip variasi. Selanjutnya dengan memilih metrik datar Friedmann-Lemaitre-Roberson-Walker dapat diformulasikan bentuk persamaan Friedmann yang relevan dengan model ekspansi dipercepat. Hasil akhirnya, dengan membandingkan massa graviton dari metode Extremely Low Energy (ELE) dapat dihitung massa kritis graviton yaitu sekitar - . .
Keyword: massa graviton, teori dRGT, persamaan medan Einstein, persamaan Friedmann, ekspansi alam semesta dipercepat