Judul: Effects of Spectrum and Intensity Light Emitting Diode on Morphology, Physiology, and Anatomy Changes in Water Apple (Syzygium aqueum)
Abstrak: Jambu Air (Syzgium aqueum) merupakan tanaman buah tropis yang memiliki banyak manfaat dalam bidang pengobatan tradisional. Angka produksi tanaman jambu air di Indonesia masih berada dibawah komoditas tanaman buah lain. Untuk meningkatkan angka produksi, dapat dilakukan modifikasi sistem budidaya tanaman dengan penggunaan Light Emitting Diode (LED) sebagai cahaya buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respons pertumbuhan tanaman jambu air (Syzygium aqueum) secara morfologi, fisiologi, maupun anatomi terhadap pengaruh perbedaan jenis spektrum dan intensitas cahaya buatan LED. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor yang terdiri dari spektrum LED (ungu dan putih) dan intensitas cahaya (dua dan empat lampu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik pada perlakuan LED putih intensitas tinggi (WH). Respons stomata yang paling baik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan LED ungu intensitas tinggi (PH). LED putih intensitas rendah (WL) dapat meningkatkan laju fotosintesis dan kandungan klorofil. LED ungu intensitas rendah (PL) dapat meningkatkan panjang dan lebar daun. Penurunan kandungan glukosa dan fruktosa terjadi pada semua perlakuan, namun perlakuan PL memberikan hasil terbaik dengan hanya mengalami penurunan sebesar 8% dan 8,5%., Water apple (Syzgium aqueum) is a tropical fruit plant that has many benefits in the field of traditional medicine. The production rate of water apple plants in Indonesia is still below that of other fruit crop commodities. To increase production rates, modifications to the plant cultivation system can be made using LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) as artificial light. This study aims to determine the growth response of the water apple (Syzygium aqueum) in morphology, physiology, and anatomy to the effect of different types of spectrum and intensity of artificial LED light. The study used a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of LED spectra (purple and white) and light intensity (two and four lights). The results showed the best plant growth responses to the high-intensity white LED (WH) treatment. The best anatomical response was shown by the high-intensity purple LED (PH) treatment. Low-intensity white LED (WL) can increase the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. Low-intensity purple LED (PL) can increase leaf length and width. Decreases of glucose and fructose content occurred in all treatments, but the PL treatment gave the best results with only decreased by 8% and 8.5%.
Keyword: chlorophyll, glucose, intracellular CO2, photosynthesis, stomata, CO2 intraseluler, fotosintesis, glukosa, klorofil

Judul: Kecapi Seedlings (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) Growth Response Under Different Spectrum and Intensities of Light Emitting Diode
Abstrak: Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) merupakan buah lokal dari famili Meliaceae yang sudah jarang dibudidayakan. Harga pasar buah ini tidak stabil akibat produksi dan kualitas tidak konsisten. Untuk memperbaiki sistem budidaya tanaman buah ini dapat dilakukan dengan modifikasi lingkungan yaitu penggunaan LED (Light Emitting Diode) sebagai cahaya buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan respons morfologi, fisiologi, dan anatomi terhadap perbedaan spektrum dan tingkat intensitas cahaya LED. Penelitian dilaksanakanberdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor terdiri dari spektrum LED (ungu dan putih) dan intensitas cahaya (dua dan empat lampu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons morfologi dan fisiologi terbaik pada perlakuan LED putih intensitas tinggi (WH). LED putih intensitas rendah (WL) meningkatkan kandungan klorofil daun dan laju fotosintesis. Respons anatomi terbaik pada perlakuan LED ungu intensitas rendah (PL). Peningkatan lebar daun pada LED ungu intensitas tinggi (PH). Kandungan glukosa menurun pada semua perlakuan dan peningkatan kandungan fruktosa hanya terjadi pada perlakuan LED ungu dengan intensitas rendah., Kecapi (Sandoricum koetjape Merr.) is a local fruit from the Meliaceae family that is rarely cultivated. The market price of this fruit is unstable due to inconsistent production and quality. Improving the cultivation system of this fruit plant can be done by modifying the environment, the use of LED (Light Emitting Diode) as artificial light. This study aims to determine changes in morphological, physiological, and anatomical responses to different spectra and intensity levels of the LED light. The research was conducted based on a two-factor completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of LED spectrum (purple and white) and light intensity (two and four lights). The results showed the best morphological and physiological responses in the treatment of high-intensity white LED (WH). Low-intensity white LED (WL) increased leaf chlorophyll content and photosynthesis rate. The best anatomical response was in the low-intensity purple LED (PL) treatment. Increased leaf width in high-intensity purple LED (PH). Leaf glucose content decreased in all treatments and an increase in fructose content only occurred in the low-intensity purple LED treatment.
Keyword: chlorophyll, glucose, intracellular CO2, photosynthesis, stomata

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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