Judul: Case Study of Nephrolithiasis in a Siberian Husky Dog Based on Ultrasonography, Biochemistry Test, and Urinalysis
Abstrak: Studi kasus ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan gambaran ultrasonografi pada anjing Siberian Husky yang diduga mengalami nefrolitiasis. Pemeriksaan penunjang dilakukan melalui serangkaian tes meliputi pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan hematologi dan kimia darah, serta urinalisis. Sinyalemen pada kasus ini adalah anjing Siberian Husky jantan berusia 6 tahun yang memiliki bobot badan 32 kg. Menurut keterangan pemilik, anjing memiliki riwayat urinasi mengeluarkan darah segar. Hasil pemeriksaan fisik menunjukkan anjing dalam kondisi sehat dengan suhu tubuh normal. Pemeriksaan hematologi menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah leukosit, neutrofil, dan mean platelet volume (MPV). Hasil pemeriksaan kimia darah tidak menunjukkan adanya kelainan. Sonogram ginjal menunjukkan bagian hiperekhoik pada korteks dan hipoekhoik pada medula, ditemukan area hiperkhoik pada pelvis renalis mengindikasikan adanya nefrolit, yang didukung dengan adanya acoustic shadowing di bagian distalnya. Sonogram vesika urinaria (VU) menunjukkan area anekhoik pada lumen. Dinding VU dikelilingi oleh area hiperekhoik yang mengindikasikan peningkatan ketebalan. Hasil urinalisis menunjukkan urin berwarna kuning, keruh, dan memiliki bau khas. Hasil urinalisis menggunakan strip test menunjukkan proteinuria dan hematuria dalam urin., The purpose of this case study is to describe ultrasound images of a Siberian Husky dog suspected of nephrolithiasis. Various tests were carried out which include physical examination, haematology and blood chemistry test, and urinalysis. A male 6-year-old Siberian Husky dog, weighing 32 kg, had a history of urinating fresh blood. Physical examination showed the dog was in a good condition. Haematology test result showed an increase in leukocytes, neutrophils, and mean platelet volume (MPV). Blood chemistry test result showed no abnormalities. Sonogram of the kidney showed hyperechoic area of the cortex and hypoechoic area of the medulla. Hyperechoic area in the renal pelvis indicate the presence of nephrolith, which supported by the presence of acoustic shadowing in the distal. Sonogram of urinary bladder showed an anechoic area in the lumen. The VU wall is surrounded by a hyperechoic area indicating an increase in thickness. Urinalysis test showed urine with yellow color, cloudy, and distinct odor. The result of strip test method showed proteinuria and hematuria in the urine.
Keyword: kimia darah, nefrolitiasis, Siberian Husky, ultrasonografi, urinalisis, blood chemistry, nephrolithiasis, ultrasound, urinalysis

Judul: A Case Study of Hydroureter in a 5-year-old Female Shih Tzu
Abstrak: Hidroureter merupakan abnormalitas pada ureter yang dicirikan dengan dilatasi, elongasi, dan tortuous. Studi kasus ini bertujuan menjelaskan kasus hidroureter pada seekor anjing shih tzu betina umur 5 tahun di Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan, Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Metode yang digunakan meliputi pemeriksaan fisik, pemeriksaan hematologi dan kimia darah, pencitraan radiografi, dan pencitraan ultrasonografi. Hasil pemeriksaan fisik tidak menunjukkan gejala yang mengarah pada kelainan sistem urinaria. Pemeriksaan hematologi dan kimia darah tidak menunjukkan perubahan terhadap nilai eritrosit, leukosit, ureum, dan kreatinin. Pencitraan radiografi abdomen menunjukkan adanya kelainan pada ureter berupa hidroureter dan ektopia ureter. Pencitraan ultrasonografi menunjukkan adanya kelainan pada saluran urinaria: pyelonephritis (ginjal kanan), nephrolithiasis (ginjal kiri), hidroureter (ureter kanan), cystitis dan kristaluria (vesica urinaria). Berdasarkan hasil diagnosis pencitraan, hewan didiagnosis hidroureter pada ureter kanan bersamaan dengan kelainan lain yang ditemukan pada ginjal dan vesica urinaria., Hydroureters are abnormalities in ureters that identified by dilatation, elongation, and tortuous. This case study aims to describe a hydroureter case in a 5-year-old female shih tzu in Veterinary Teaching Hospital, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University. Diagnosis were conducted in this study includes physical and haematological examination, blood chemistry, radiographic and ultrasonography imaging. The results of physical examinations did not show any pathological findings that lead to abnormalities of the urinary system. Haematological and blood chemical examination did not indicate a change in erythrocyte, leukocyte, urea, and creatinine levels. Abdominal radiographic imaging showed the abnormalities of the ureter in the form of hydroureter along with ectopic ureter. Ultrasonography imaging showed abnormalities in the urinary tract: the right kidney shows signs of pyelonephritis, the left kidney shows signs of nephrolithiasis, the right ureter shows signs of hydroureter, vesica urinary shows signs of cystitis and crystalluria. Based on the results of the imaging diagnostic, animals were prominently diagnosed with hydroureter of right ureter along with another abnormalities found in the kidney and urinary bladder.
Keyword: anjing, hidroureter, radiografi, ultrasonografi, dog, hydroureter, radiography, ultrasonography

Judul: Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Promoter Gen AGAMOUS (TcAG) dari Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Abstrak: Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities that is important to the national economy. Various efforts have been made to increase cocoa production. One such efforts in the field of genetic engineering discovery for the promoter of gene that has important role in flowering and fruiting. The aim of this research to isolate the promoter of reproductive gene AGAMOUS from Theobroma cacao L. (TcAG) using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction (TAIL PCR) method and obtain the characteristics of the promoter using a computer program online Softberry. Technique of TAIL PCR using the reverse genespecific primers TcAG position +202 (TcAG+202) (5'- GGCCACGGCTAGAGAAGACAA-3') and position +67 (TcAG+67) (5’- ATCTCGATCTTTCCCCTTCCC-3'). Forward primer AP140 provided the best results are fragment genomic size of 1200 bp. Analysis of Transcription Start Site Prediction (TSSP) of softberry program from the 5' of the fragment has proven that it has three promoter regions. The regions which are nucleotide in position 126 (TATA box at position 93), nucleotide at position 735 (TATA box at position 702) and nucleotide at position 807 (TATA box at position 774). TATA box at position 774 is predicted to be the functional binding sites of RNA polymerase because it is in the position closest to the transcription start site.
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