Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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Judul: Studi Tanaman  Obat Asia untuk Trikomoniasis pada Merpati
Abstrak: Trikomoniasis unggas adalah infeksi Trichomonas gallinae, suatu endoparasit protozoa berflagel yang menginfeksi saluran pencernaan bagian atas kolumbid. Penyakit parasit ini umum pada merpati balap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari ketersediaan pengobatan alternatif berupa tanaman obat untuk mengurangi T. gallinae pada burung merpati. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dan ditelaah dari artikel jurnal akses terbuka bahasa inggris atau terjemahan bahasa inggris yang diterbitkan antara tahun 2004 hingga 2022. Data yang diperoleh diidentifikasi, dikompilasi dan hasilnya disimpulkan secara grafis dan deskriptif. Analisis lebih lanjut dilakukan pada senyawa aktif dari tanaman obat yang dibahas untuk menentukan karakteristik antitrikomonalnya. Penelitian ini mempelajari efektivitas tanaman obat seperti Artemisia sieberi, Centella asiatica, Persicaria hydropiper, Psidium guajava, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Murraya koenigii, Zingiber officinale dan Curcumin longa dalam mengurangi infeksi T. gallinae pada merpati sebaik dibandingkan dengan obat antiprotozoal komersial. Tanaman obat tersebut diperlukan untuk mengurangi mortalitas dan morbiditas merpati., Avian trichomoniasis is the infection of Trichomonas gallinae, a flagellated protozoan endoparasite which infects the upper digestive tract of columbids. This parasitic disease is common in racing pigeons. This study aimed to study the availability of alternative treatment in form of medicinal plants in treating trichomoniasis in pigeons. This study was conducted using secondary data obtained and reviewed from english or english translated open access journal articles published between 2004 to 2022. The data obtained were identified, compiled and the results were concluded both graphically and descriptively. Further analyses were made on the active compounds of the medicinal plants discussed to determine its antitrichomonal characteristics. This paper studies the effectivity of medicinal plants such as Artemisia sieberi, Centella asiatica, Persicaria hydropiper, Psidium guajava, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Murraya koenigii, Zingiber officinale and Curcumin longa in reducing T. gallinae infection in pigeons while being compared to commercially available antiprotozoal drugs. These medicinal plants are needed to reduce mortality and morbidity of pigeons.
Keyword: Canker, Herbs, Medicinal plants, Pigeon, Trichomoniasis

Judul: Pengaruh Suhu dan Konsentrasi Sulfur Terhadap Mutu Faktis Gelap Berbahan Baku Minyak Jarak (Castor Oil)
Abstrak: Dark factice is one of the rubber processing aids obtained by vulcanization/reaction of fatty oil with sulphur at high temperature. Factice serve as mixing materials in the rubber industry and are used for various purposes such as in the manufacture of rubber, cable coatings, cellular rubber goods, rubber goods from latex, and in the manufacture of rubber goods using the calendar tool, extruder, and injection molding equipment. Factice wide application because the processing involves the use of natural or synthetic rubber. The purpose of this research are: 1.) Knowing the influence of temperature and sulfur concentration toward dark factice quality; 2.) Obtain the best treatment combination to produce a dark factice using raw material of castor oil. Factice manufacture begins with the neutralization of oil, by adding 1 ppho (parts per hundred weight of oil) Na2CO3 to the oil while stirring (145 rpm) and heated until a temperature treatment has achieved. After the treatment temperature has reached, respectively 5 ppho ZnO and sulfur (the amount in accordance with the treatment) is inserted into the oil while continuing the stirring. The reaction is continued until dark factice is formed, that is the mixture returned into a solid. The Design experiment in this research was completely randomized factorial design with two treatments, that are temperatures on the level of 140, 150, 160 and 170oC and sulfur concentrations on the level of 25, 30 and 35 ppho. Castor oil which is used has an average value of iodine number of 86.15 (g iod/100 g oil) and the average value of acid number of 1.02 (mg KOH/ g oil). Based on the analysis of variance, treatment of temperatures have real impact on dark factice’s acetone extract content and free sulfur content, and the treatment of sulfur concentrations gave a significant effect on dark factice’s free sulfur content and ash content. Dark factice which has the best chemical parameter based on acetone extract content, resulting in treatment of 170oC temperature and sulfur concentration of 35 ppho, but is still classified as third quality (> 35%) with average value of 86.12% acetone extracts. Dark factice has been obtained with treatment of 170oC temperature and sulphur concentration of 25 ppho has the lowest free sulphur content with average value of 1,24% free sulphur contents. The pH value of dark factices have average of 10 and the average of ash content about 5%.
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