Judul: Hubungan Karakteristik Kewirausahaan terhadap Kinerja Usaha Petani Sayuran di Gapoktan Kecamatan Pacet.
Abstrak: Kewirausahaan merupakan aspek penting di dalam agribisnis. Para pelaku agribisnis seperti petani sayuran harus memiliki karakteristik wirausaha untuk lebih meningkatkan kinerja usahanya. Gapoktan merupakan salah satu alternatif yang bisa diambil oleh petani dalam meningkatkan kinerja usahanya. Gapoktan di Kecamatan Pacet merupakan salah satu gapoktan yang aktif dalam menghimpun petani sayuran konvensional dan petani sayuran organik. Penelitian ini mencoba memperlihatkan hubungan karateristik wirausaha petani di gapoktan Kecamatan Pacet terhadap kinerja usaha yang dihasilkan. Hasil analisis korelasi Rank Spearman menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan antara petani sayuran konvensional dan petani sayuran organik. Hubungan karakteristik wirausaha terhadap kinerja usaha pada petani sayuran konvensional yang memiliki nilai positif dan signifikan meliputi inovatif terhadap keuntungan, kerja keras terhadap volume penjualan dan tanggung jawab terhadap hasil produksi. Sedangkan pada petani sayuran organik meliputi berani mengambil risiko terhadap volume penjualan dan hasil produksi, inovatif terhadap keuntungan, serta kerja keras terhadap keuntungan.
Keyword: kewirausahaan, kinerja usaha, gapoktan

Judul: Hubungan Karakteristik Wirausaha dan Dukungan Eksternal dengan Kinerja Usahatani Kakao di Gapoktan Pandan Bajurai, Kota
Abstrak: Kewirausahaan memiliki hubungan positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi, dimana peningkatan jumlah wirausaha menyebabkan peningkatan pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara. Perkebunan merupakan salah satu dari subsektor pertanian yang memiliki peranan penting dalam pembangunan nasional. Kakao merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan andalan Indonesia. Gapoktan Pandan Bajurai merupakan salah satu gapoktan yang bergerak dalam perkebunan kakao dengan produktivitas tertinggi di Kecamatan Lembah Segar. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hubungan karakteristik wirausaha dan dukungan eksternal dengan kinerja usahatani kakao di Gapoktan Pandan Bajurai Kota Sawahlunto. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis korelasi rank spearman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik wirausaha dan dukungan eksternal berkorelasi nyata positif dengan kinerja usaha. Hal ini berarti ketika karakteristik wirausaha dan dukungan eksternal ditingkatkan maka kinerja usaha juga akan meningkat.
Keyword: dukungan eksternal, kakao, karakteristik wirausaha, kinerja usahatani, korelasi

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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