Judul: Pendugaan Perubahan Biomassa Atas Tanah pada Lahan Gambut Riau dan Kalimantan Barat.
Abstrak: Peatlands are highly important ecosystems in terms of its services and functions such as provision of habitat, retention of biodiversity, water availability and maintaining high carbon stocks. Out of the global peatland area a considerable portion (more than 11%) is found in tropics particularly insular Southeast Asia. The peatlands in Indonesia are of particular importance because of its unique pedogenesis and distinct topography. These peatlands today in its natural settings are found as Peat Swamp forests where the peat forming processes are still continued; and where the above ground biomass is found as trees unlike temperate peatlands where the source of organic carbon in soil and above ground biomass are lower plants (pteridophytes). Over the last three decades peatlands are extensively developed for oil palm plantations making Indonesia one of the largest producers of palm oil. Thus, due to these developments the sector is contributing excellently to national economy and improving livelihoods of local people. The expansion of oil palm plantations is a large scale land use change and is having several dynamics. The land use changes and development of peatlands for oil palm plantations is a gradual process and to explore its history and expansion current research was designed to achieve the following objectives., Lahan gambut adalah ekosistem dengan fungsi dan kegunaan yang sangat penting seperti sebagai penyedia habitat serta konservasi keanekaragaman hayati, ketersediaan air dan cadangan karbon yang tinggi. Dari luas total lahan gambut global, sebagian besar (lebih dari 11%) ditemukan di daerah tropis terutama di Asia Tenggara. Di Indonesia, lahan gambut memiliki karaktristik spesifik karena proses pedogenesis dan topografinya yang unik. Saat ini, pada kondisi alaminya, lahan gambut di Indonesia ditemukan dalam bentuk hutan rawa gambut (PSF), proses pembentukan gambutnya masih berlanjut dengan biomassa atas tanah (AGB) berupa pepohonan, tidak seperti lahan gambut di daerah beriklim sedang yang sumber karbon organik tanah dan AGBnya adalah tumbuhan paku-pakuan (Pteridophytes).
Keyword: above-ground biomass, conversion, land use change, oil palm, peat swamp forest, peatlands

Judul: Dinamika Karbon Lahan Gambut yang Dibasahi-ulang Pada Berbagai Tutupan Lahan di Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau
Abstrak: The deforestation and degradation of tropical peatland swamp forests (PSFs) followed by land conversion and drainage generate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. This changes PSFs from carbon sinks to carbon sources, thus contributing to climate change. The rewetting of degraded peatlands is expected to control soil respiration, encourage regrowth, and transform these landscapes back into carbon sinks. In this study, experimental plots were established to measure the effect of peatland rewetting on three different land cover types (a reforested area, an oil palm plantation and a rubber plantation) following the clearing of PSF land in Bengkalis Regency, Riau. Carbon dynamics were assessed by measuring total ecosystem carbon stocks (TECS) and GHG emissions in these experimental plots before and after the rewetting of the landscape. Common tree species in the reforested area (including Ficus sp., Dyera polyphylla, Mezzetia parviflora, Callopyhllum teysmannii, Cratoxylon arborescens, Macaranga sp., Hevea brasiliensis, and Shorea uliginosa) have basal areas of 0.24 ± 0.02 m2 ha-1. Rubber trees in plantations have a basal area of 0.14 ± 0.02 m2 ha-1. The TECS were highest in the reforested area (3,983.08 ± 318.14 Mg C ha-1), followed by the oil palm area (3,523.90 ± 253.9 Mg C ha-1), and finally by the rubber plantation area (3,363.08 ± 207.8 Mg C ha-1). In the reforested area and the oil palm area, the proportion of heterotrophic soil respiration (SRh; 48.91 ± 4.75 and 54.98 ± 1.53 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) to total soil respiration (SRt; 49.68 ± 6.84 and 55.71 ± 5.54 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) was roughly 98% before rewetting. On the other hand, SRh (67.67 ± 2.13 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) was slightly higher than SRt (61.36 ± 7.28 Mg CO2 ha-1 yr-1) in the rubber plantation area. Overall, this shows that peatland rewetting can reduce the CO2 flux in these three land cover types. Mean CH4 flux consistently increased after rewetting in the reforested area (-0.70 ± 0.28 to 0.84 ± 0.28 Mg CH4 ha-1 yr-1), oil palm area (0.37 ± 0.16 to 0.90 ± 0.61 Mg CH4 ha-1 yr-1), and the rubber plantation area (-0.57 ± 0.05 to 1.05 ± 0.37 Mg CH4 ha-1 yr-1). N2O flux in the reforested, oil palm, and rubber plantation areas was 0.12 ± 0.03, 0.15 ± 0.08, and 0.37 ± 0.12 Mg N2O ha-1 yr-1, respectively, and decreased to –0.06 ± 0.02, -0.10 ± 0.05, and 0.19 ± 0.07 Mg N2O ha-1 yr-1, respectively, after rewetting., Deforestasi dan degradasi hutan rawa gambut tropis (PSF) yang diikuti dengan konversi penggunaan lahan dan drainase menghasilkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). PSF sebagai reservoar kaya karbon berubah dari penyerapan menjadi emisi karbon ekosistem yang berkontribusi terhadap perubahan iklim. Pembasahan kembali lahan gambut yang terdegradasi sebagai bagian dari restorasi diharapkan dapat mengendalikan respirasi tanah, mempercepat pertumbuhan vegetasi, dan melindungi bentang alam agar tetap menyimpan karbon. Kami membuat plot percobaan untuk mengukur pengaruh pembasahan gambut di tiga tutupan lahan yang berbeda (kawasan revegetasi, perkebunan kelapa sawit dan karet) setelah konversi di Kabupaten Bengkalis, Riau. Kami menilai dinamika karbon dengan mengukur total stok karbon ekosistem (TECS) dan emisi GRK di tutupan
Keyword: Canal blocking, Carbon stocks, GHG fluxes, Groundwater level, Soil respiration

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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