Judul: Indeks Glikemik Beras Analog Berbahan Baku Menir dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Teh Hitam
Abstrak: Rice is a staple food for most Indonesian people. The Indonesian rice has different glycemic index (GI) according to variety and process which applied to rice. Rice usually is processed through milling process. There are 5% broken rice produced from milling process. The utilization of broken rice still limited in Indonesia. The main objective of this research was to develop analog rice based on broken rice and the addition of polyphenolic substances from black tea extract by using extrusion technology. Hopefully it would reduce the analog rice GI. So the product will be suitable not only for people who have Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which need to select their carbohydrate food source, but also for normal and health people. The addition of 4% (b/v) black tea extract to broken rice was conducted with 4 treatments: (1) without the addition of tea extract (as control); (2) during rice soaking before milling; (3) before the extrusion process; and (4) both of treatment 2 and 3. Starch digestibility (SD) analyzed by using in vitro method to determine the best treatment of black tea extract addition in lowering the digestibility of starch. The result showed that the fourth addition treatment of black tea extract had the lowest SD value as 58.32% ± 0.38% . These data correlated to GI conducted with in vivo analysis. GI of analog rice result was 44.19±10.75 (low GI), whereas the GI of broken rice was 71.16±15.41 (high GI). The addition of black tea extract significantly reduced the GI of analog rice from broken rice.
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Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Teh Hijau pada Pengolahan Beras Ekstrusi Terhadap Penurunan Indeks Glikemik
Abstrak: Rice is a staple food for most people of Indonesia, which still not be replaced by another source of carbohydrate. This phenomenon is risky for people who have Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), because they not eat rice as normal people. This research was conducted to make food which can be eaten safely by people who has T2DM. There are 5% broken rice produced from rice milling process. The utilization of broken rice still limited in Indonesia. The main objective of this research was to develop extruded rice based on broken rice and the additional of polyphenolic substances from green tea extract by using extrusion technology. The additional of 4 % green tea extract on broken rice was conducted with 4 treatments: 1) without the additional of green tea extract, as control (K), 2) during rice soaking before milling (P1), 3) before the extrusion process (P2), and 4) combination of treatment 2 and 3 (P3). Starch digestibility (SD) analyzed by using in vitro method to determine the best treatment of green tea extract addition in lowering the digestibility of starch. The result showed that the fourth addition treatment of green tea extract had the lowest SD value as 47.31%. These data correlated to GI conducted with in vivo analysis. Glycemic Index (GI) of extruded rice result was 48.15 (low GI), whereas the GI of broken rice was 77.40 (high GI). The addition of green tea extract significantly reduced the GI value of extruded rice from broken rice.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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