Judul: Seleksi Kapang Mucor untuk Produksi Minyak Mengandung Asam Gamma Linolenat dengan Sistem Fermentasi Padat pada Media Onggok - Ampas Tahu dan Onggok - Dedak Padi
Abstrak: Minyak mikroba atau minyak sel tunggal mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh jamak tertentu seperti asam gamma linoleat (GLA) dan eikosapentaenoat (EPA). GLA adalah asam lemak omega - 6 yang merupakan turunan asam linoleat. Asam linoleat merupakan asam lemak esensial sehingga harus disuplai dari makanan.
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Judul: Seleksi Kapang Mucor dan Optimasi pH serta Suhu untuk Produksi Asam Gamma Linoleat
Abstrak: Pemberian asam gamma linolenat sebagai healtlz food slcpplenlent telah terbukti dapat mencegah penyakit jantung koroner. Asam gamma linolenat didalam tubuh dapat menekan sintesis prostglandin yang kurang baik (PG2) dan dapat meniilgkatkan sintesis prostaglandin ~aitgb aik (PG1). Asam gamma linolenat diketahui hanya terdapat pada minyak biji-bijian yang disebut Evening P~ii?zrose (Oenotlzem biennis). Tetapi baru-baru ini kapang tempe dari genus Mzrcornles diketahui dapat memproduksi asam gamma linolenat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk seleksi kapang Mrrcor dan optimasi pH serta suhu inkubasi untuk produksi asam gamma linolenat pada medium modifikasi Shaw (1965). Kapang Mucor yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari M. javaniczls M22II14, M. javaniczrs M26II12, M. jal.aniczcs M38IIl1, M. javanicln M4SII11. M. javanicus M50II12 dan M. i~raeqrrispol.iis M051114. Produksi miselium untuk seleksi kapang penghasil asam gamma linolenat dilakukan pada suhu 30°C. 150 rpm dan waktu inkubasi 7 hari. Selanjutnya dilahkan optiinasi pH (4, 5, 6) dan suhu (20, 25, 30°C) untuk produksi asam gamma linolenat pada kapang terpilih. Produksi miselium, kadar lemak total dan kadar asam gamma linolenat pada kapang yang diamati bervariasi. Hasil produksi iniselium kapang berkisar antara 4.64 - 13.78 gll. Berat miselium tertinggi dihasilkan oleh kapang M. inneqzrisporus M05II14 dan terendah pada kapang M. javanicr~s MM22II14. Kadar lemak total kapang berkisar antara 77.11 - 151.10 mgig miselium dengan kadar lemak tertinggi -'ihasilka:~ kapang Pd. javcinicus h!3S!Ii2 daii terendah pada kapaily M. jirvunic~ls M22IIl4. Kadar asam gamma linolenat berkisar antara 3.11 - 7.88 mglg miselium. Asam gamma linolenat tertinggi dihasilkan kapang M. inneql~isporlisM OSIIl4 dan terendah pada kapang M. javanicus h176II12. Komposisi asam lemak pada semua kapang Mrrcor mengandung asam lemak kaproat, laurat, miristat, palmitat, palmitoleat, oleat, linoleat dan gamma Iinolenat. Proporsi asam lemak tertinggi dari kapang Mrrcor yang diamati adalah oleat (21.44 - 41.97%) dan diikuti asam lemak palmitat (14.56 - 25.91%). Ciri khas dari lemak kapang Mucor adalah tidak terdapatnya asam lemak alfa linolenat.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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