Judul: Modification of crop factor in answers model to predict soil erosion in humid tropical region (case study of nopu upper catchment Central Sulawesi).
Abstrak: ANSWER model is one of soil erosion models that have been widely used in Indonesia to predict soil erosion from a watershed and to evaluate the effectiveness of various soil and water conservation techniques to control soil erosion and to reduce surface runoff. The model was developed based on USLE model which combined with sediment transportation model.
Keyword: ANSWERS-PCRaster, C-ANSWERS, Nutrient loss, Rainforest conversion, Soil erosion, Surface runoff

Judul: Examination of Land Degradation based on Erosion Potential using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (A Study Case of Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia)
Abstrak: Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in the world. With the generally high erosion rate in many parts of the world, efforts should be directed towards curtailing its hazard. This requires quantitative data to identify critical areas where urgent conservation is needed. Traditional approaches based on runoff plots are expensive, time consuming and generate point-based data. A comparative study was conducted to estimate soil loss under landscapes, major land uses and slope gradients in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The soil erosion model, i.e. the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was applied in GIS and remote sensing (RS) environment. GIS based spatial analysis model is used to answer questions about what exists now or exists at some points in the past. Perhaps most importantly, it can be used to predict what will happen or has happened in another location or at another point in a certain time. A GIS provides these capabilities by means of its spatial analysis function. Erosion that is caused by rain and human’s activities can be assessed with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation in ton/hectare/year units based on soil loss rate of a certain area. RUSLE involves erosivity from rain, erodibility from soil properties, slope conditions, land conservation, and cultivation system factors on a land. The classification of land cover in study area was conductive by using Landsat satellite image of different years, i.e.1989, 1993, 1998 and 2003. Changes in land use/ cover was led to increase the rate of erosion by water in the Bandung regency which could be concluded from the statistical analysis of the annual result from RUSLE. The potential eroded area by districts in the study area can be examined. Human factor, land use and cover change, is the most dominant factor in RUSLE equation for prediction of land degradation was shown in the sensitivity analysis of land use/cover change by years. According to the outcome of this research, deforestation and the agricultural practice for vegetable farming in the study area were causing problems of land degradation. Intensification of agriculture area and residential area are major factors of land degradation in the study area. Finally, this research can be concluded that 1825 hectare of land in the Bandung regency is continuously suffered high and very high erosion in four different period of land cover type. That area need to be recognized as “rehabilitant area” and must be maintained with the way of high soil conservation practice. The forested area which located more than 40 percent slope gradient in the study area is needed to be identified as highly value conservative forest area. Erosion must be noticed in a land degradation management and RUSLE can help farmers not only to assess erosions on their lands but also to policy maker for implementing the land use planning.
Keyword: 

Judul: Keberadaan Antibodi Asal Induk Newcastle Disease (ND) dan Infectious Bronchitis (IB) pada Broiler yang Divaksinasi Vaksin Rekombinan HVT-IBD
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keberadaan antibodi asal induk terhadap virus Newcastle Disease (ND) dan Infectious Bronchitis (IB) pada broiler yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin rekombinan Herpesvirus of Turkey (HVT) - Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua kelompok ayam yaitu: Kelompok Vaksinasi dan Tidak Vaksinasi. Kelompok vaksinasi menerima vaksin rekombinan HVT-IBD pada umur 1 hari. Sampel serum dikoleksi pada umur 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 19, 22, 26, 29, dan 33 hari. Titer antibodi ND ditentukan dengan uji Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi (HI), sedangkan Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) digunakan untuk menentukan titer antibodi IB. Antibodi ND pada kedua kelompok masih terdeteksi sampai broiler berumur 33 hari, namun titer antibodi ND positif hanya sampai umur 6 hari dan tidak mencapai level protektif. Antibodi IB masih pada level positif sampai dengan umur 6 hari pada kelompok divaksin dan 3 hari pada kelompok tidak divaksin. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa diperlukan vaksinasi ND pada broiler berumur 3 hari dan vaksinasi IB pada broiler berumur lebih dari 6 hari.
Keyword: Antibodi asal induk, broiler, Infectious, Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease