Judul: Pengaruh Lama Periode Start Up pada Proses Pembuatan Surfaktan Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) dari Metil Ester Stearin
Abstrak: Methyl ester sulfonates (MES) is product that synthesized by continuous sulfonation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using SO3 as reactant in a single tube falling-film reactor. MES is an anionic surfactant that has been widely used in detergent and other cleaning and washing products. MES has several outstanding surfactant properties: excellent resistance to water hardness and excellent detergency for carbon chains C14 to C18. Palm stearin methyl ester is a potential material as MES feedstock in Indonesia as the country with the largest palm oil producer in the world. Palm stearin is renewable, biodegradable and rich of C16 and C18 fatty acids which have good detergency and tolerant to Ca ion. The study was aimed to obtain information on the effect of start up period during sulfonation of palm stearin ME and aging process to the physicochemical properties of MESA produced and to determine steady state condition during continous sulfonation of palm stearin ME on the best start up period. The results of this study indicated that MESA and MES produced in 5 hours period of start up without aging has a better physicochemical properties compared with other treatments. MESA resulted from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has an average pH of 1, 13.58 mg NaOH/g acid number, viscosity of 29.63 cP, density of 0.9621 g/cm3, iodine number of 9.81 mg I/g, 12.02 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.15 dyne/cm. MES produced from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has average pH of 7, acid number of 1.75 mg NaOH /g, density of 0.9652 g/cm3, iodine number of 12.38 mg I/g, 12.36 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.53 dyne/cm.
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Judul: Pengaruh Lama Periode Start Up pada Proses Pembuatan Surfaktan Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) dari Metil Ester Stearin
Abstrak: Methyl ester sulfonates (MES) is product that synthesized by continuous sulfonation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using SO3 as reactant in a single tube falling-film reactor. MES is an anionic surfactant that has been widely used in detergent and other cleaning and washing products. MES has several outstanding surfactant properties: excellent resistance to water hardness and excellent detergency for carbon chains C14 to C18. Palm stearin methyl ester is a potential material as MES feedstock in Indonesia as the country with the largest palm oil producer in the world. Palm stearin is renewable, biodegradable and rich of C16 and C18 fatty acids which have good detergency and tolerant to Ca ion. The study was aimed to obtain information on the effect of start up period during sulfonation of palm stearin ME and aging process to the physicochemical properties of MESA produced and to determine steady state condition during continous sulfonation of palm stearin ME on the best start up period. The results of this study indicated that MESA and MES produced in 5 hours period of start up without aging has a better physicochemical properties compared with other treatments. MESA resulted from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has an average pH of 1, 13.58 mg NaOH/g acid number, viscosity of 29.63 cP, density of 0.9621 g/cm3, iodine number of 9.81 mg I/g, 12.02 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.15 dyne/cm. MES produced from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has average pH of 7, acid number of 1.75 mg NaOH /g, density of 0.9652 g/cm3, iodine number of 12.38 mg I/g, 12.36 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.53 dyne/cm.
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Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Virus Newcatle Disease Pada Burung yang terdapat di Pasar-pasar Burung Wilayah Bogor.
Abstrak: Burung adalah satu jenis hewan kesayangan yang dipelihara karena burung bisa mengeluarkan suara-suara yang indah dan mempunyai warna bulu yang indah pula. Jenis burung yang ada di Indonesia kurang lebih 300 dan 118 jenis dari burung-burung tersebut terancam kepunahan. Kepunahan merupakan proses alami, dari catatan fosil menunjukkan rata-rata hanya satu jenis burung yang punah setiap 100 tahun. Dalam 200 tahun terakhir, tingkat kepunahan sedikitnya 40 kali lebih besar dari rata-rata angka kepunahan. Lalu kepunahan spesies burung yang sangat cepat tersebut berhubungan langsung dengan perusakan yang dilakukan oleh manusia dan pemanfaatan yang tidak lestari juga disebabkan oleh terserangya suatu penyakit yang akan mengakibatkan kematian sehingga menyebabkan kepunahan.
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