Judul: Analysis of Long-Read Sequences DNA on Merbau (Intsia bijuga), Sandalwood (Santalum album), and Moringa (Moringa oleifera)
Abstrak: Informasi genetik dapat digunakan dalam upaya konservasi dengan menduga keragaman genetik melalui penggunaan marka genetik. Sekuens DNA dapat diperoleh melalui tahap ekstraksi, isolasi, dan sekuensing. Sekuensing dapat dilakukan menggunakan mesin dengan teknologi terbaru seperti teknologi ONT, namun jarang sekali diaplikasikan pada pohon hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan sekuens DNA dan melakukan analisis filogenetik beberapa jenis pohon hutan, yaitu merbau (Intsia bijuga), cendana (Santalum album), dan kelor (Moringa oleifera). Tahapan penelitian mencakup perolehan data hasil sekuensing dan basecalling, quality check, assembly, polishing, anotasi, analisis kekerabatan, serta konstruksi pohon filogenetik. Analisis kekerabatan dilakukan menggunakan DNA sekuens berupa intergenic spacer trnH-psbA, accD, dan matK. Hasil analisis kekerabatan menunjukkan bahwa pohon filogenetik jenis merbau, cendana, dan kelor memiliki nilai bootstrap yang bervariasi yaitu masing-masing sebesar 0,965 (96,5%), 0,509 (50,9%), dan 0,798 (79,8%).
Keyword: accD, analisis filogenetik, long-read sequence, matK, trnH-psbA

Judul: Analysis of Long-read Sequences MinION on Kayu Putih (Melaleuca leucadendra L.), Cendana (Santalum album L.), and Cempaka Putih (Magnolia alba DC.)
Abstrak: Melaleuca leucadendra, Santalum album, dan Magnolia alba merupakan tiga jenis pohon tropis yang menghasilkan minyak atsiri bermanfaat dan komersil. Ketiga jenis tersebut berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan kualitasnya melalui pemuliaan pohon secara genetik untuk menghasilkan sifat yang konsisten. Namun, informasi genetik yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk program pemuliaan masih belum banyak tersedia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi sekuen bacaan panjang DNA M. leucadendra, S. album, dan M. alba dengan teknologi MinION Oxford Nanopore, dan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatannya melalui analisis filogeni. Prosedur penelitian mencakup tahapan ekstraksi DNA, uji kualitas dan uji kuantitas DNA, sekuensing DNA, dan analisis data. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa M. leucadendra, S. album, dan M. alba menghasilkan jumlah bacaan masing-masing sebesar 470.250 bp, 281.565 bp, dan 195.717 bp. Analisis filogeni menunjukkan bahwa M. alba memiliki hubungan kekerabatan dengan Magnolia champaca dengan nilai bootstrap 64% dengan gen matK, 56% dengan gen spacer psbAtrnH, dan 100% dengan kombinasi kedua gen, Melaleuca leucadendra, Santalum album, and Magnolia alba are tropical tree species that produce beneficial and commercial essential oils. These three species have the potential to be improved genetically to obtain consistent traits. However, genetic information for supporting tree improvement is still not widely available. The objective of this study was i) to characterize the DNA long-read sequences of M. leucadendra, S. album, and M. alba using MinION Oxford Nanopore Technology, and ii) to determine their relationship through phylogenetic analysis. The research method included DNA extraction, DNA quality and quantity testing, DNA sequencing, and data analysis. The results showed that total reads of M. leucadendra, S. album, and M. alba were 470.250 bp, 281.565 bp, and 195.717 bp, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. alba was related to Magnolia champaca with bootstrap values 64% with matK gene, 56% with psbA-trnH spacer gene, and 100% with the combination of both genes.
Keyword: DNA, filogeni, Magnolia alba, MinION, sekuensing

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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