Judul: Transmisi Harga dan Pengaruh Penerapan Pajak Ekspor Terhadap Harga-Harga Minyak Kelapa Sawit
Abstrak: Sektor perkebunan adalah salah satu sumber devisa bagi negara dan juga berkontribusi terhadap perkembangan ekonomi Indonesia. Potensi ekonomi komoditas minyak kelapa sawit (CPO) memiliki dampak yang besar dalam menyerap 5 juta tenaga kerja di dalam sistem agribisnis kelapa sawit Indonesia merupakan produsen dan eksportir terbesar CPO di dunia diikuti oleh Malaysia. Kondisi tersebut tidak menjadikan Indonesia sebagai penentu harga dan jumlah CPO beredar di pasar internasional. Harga CPO di tingkat global bervariasi lebih dari satu dekade. Situasi ini juga mempengaruhi harga CPO di pasar domestik karena suplai CPO Indonesia masih bergantung dengan pasar ekspor dan belum memiliki alternatif pasar lain. Kondisi ini juga menimbulkan ketidakstabilan pendapatan pajak negara dari komoditas CPO. Pemerintah menyikapi hal tersebut dengan menerapkan pajak ekspor (bea keluar) untuk komoditas CPO dalam rangka menjaga stabilitas pendapatan produsen CPO. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menilai transmisi harga dan integrasi pasar CPO di pasar domestik dan pasar internasional, (2) menganalisa dampak dari penerapan bea keluar CPO terhadap harga CPO domestik dan internasional. Riset menggunakan data deret waktu yang diperoleh dari berbagai institusi terkait. Analisa transmisi harga dilakukan melalui beberapa tahap yang terdiri dari uji akar unit, uji kointegrasi, dan estimasi model koreksi kesalahan (ECM). Hasil analisa transimisi harga menunjukkan bahwa pasar CPO domestik terintegrasi dengan pasar global. Dalam jangka panjang, fluktuasi harga CPO di pasar global akan direspon oleh pasar domestik. Selain itu, penerapan pajak ekspor mampu menjaga stabilitas harga CPO di pasar domestik namun pengaruhnya masih kecil. Dengan kata lain, kebijakan ini secara efektif mampu meningkatkan pendapatan negara dari sektor fiskal dengan tingkat kerugian yang kecil bagi petani dan produsen CPO.
Keyword: ECM, Integrasi Pasar, Minyak Kelapa Sawit Pajak Ekspor, Transmisi Harga

Judul: Price Transmission and The Effect of Indonesia’s Export Tax on Crude Palm Oil Prices
Abstrak: The crop sector serves as one of the sources of foreign exchange in Indonesia and also contributes to the development of the Indonesian economy. The economic potential of CPO commodity in Indonesia has a huge impact by providing around 5 million employments within the agribusiness palm oil system. Indonesia is the biggest producer and exporter of CPO in the world, followed by Malaysia. As the largest CPO producer in the world, Indonesia should have control over the price and quantity of CPO. Over the past decade, there have been fluctuations in the global price of CPO. These variations in global CPO price are likely to affect the local CPO price as well. As the price of the world CPO fluctuates, Indonesia lacks alternative markets for its local production of CPO. This has resulted in a unstable in the tax revenue of CPO in Indonesia. To solve this, Goverrnment have implemented a Indonesia’s export tax on CPO in order to maintain stability in the income of the CPO producers. The aims of this research are: (1) to assess the market integration and the price transmission between the international CPO market and the domestic CPO market of Indonesia, (2) to analyze the effects of the Indonesian export tax of CPO on the domestic and on the international prices. This study uses secondary time series data that is obtained from relevant institutions. To investigate the price transmission in international CPO markets with respect to the effects of Indonesia’s export tax, several steps of this analysis consist in examining the data by using e.g. the Unit Root Test, the co-integration Test, and estimation of the Error Correction Model (ECM). The results of the price transmission analysis show that the domestic CPO market of Indonesia is integrated with the international market. In the long run, a fluctuation of price in international market will be responded by the domestic CPO market in Indonesia. In addition, although the imposition of the export tax of CPO in Indonesia makes it possible to prevent the instability of the domestic price of CPO, the level of influence is still small. It can be inferred that these policy is effective to increase government revenue as a fiscal instrument with the mininum damage to the farmers or producers of CPO.
Keyword: CPO, ECM, Export Tax, Market Integration, Price Transmission

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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