Judul: Kloning Gen Proteinase Inhibitor dari Kulit Buah Kakao pada Vektor Ekspresi dengan Metode Gateway
Abstrak: Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of a high economical value estate crops as an export commodity. Eighty percent of cacao production loss was caused by Cocoa Pod Borer (CPB), Conopomorpha cramerella Snellen. Thus, cacao seed were not soldable due to its low quality. Proteinase Inhibitor (PIN) is an antinutrition substances which able to inhibit proteolytic enzyme from insect gut. A 21 kDa of cacao seed PIN gene was known of having high homology to soybean trypsin inhibitor. This research was aimed to clone PIN gene on expression vector by Gateway method. Gateway method step include design Gateway primer, amplification PIN gene with Gateway primer, recombination PIN gene on Entry and Destination vector, transformation on Escherichia coli XL- 1 Blue, confirmation PIN gene on Entry and Destination vector, and transformation PIN gene on E.coli into Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Result of research indicate that PIN gene have a measurement of 850 bp succeed inserted into expression vector with Gateway method easy and quickly. The recombinant DNA was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumfaciens AGL-0 strain.
Keyword: 

Judul: Ekspresi gen Proteinase Inhibitor (PIN) buah Kakao (Theobroma cacao L) dari klon tahan, intermediet, dan tidak tahan penggerek buah kakao
Abstrak: Kuantitas dan kualitas produksi buah Kakao (Thebroma Cacao L) pertumbuhannya dipengaruhi oleh adanya hama Penggerek Buah Kakao (PBK). Kerugian yang disebabkan oleh serangan penggerek buah kakao (PBK) diantaranya penurunan berat biji, peningkatan persentase biji kualitas rendah, kehilangan hasil dan meningkatnya biaya panen diakibatkan sulitnya memisahkan biji yang terserang dari kulit buah. Pengendalian hama PBK ini dilakukan dengan menghambat pertumbuhan hama PBK dengan menggunakan gen pertahanan alami dari tanaman buah Kakao yakni gen Proteinase Inhibitor. Pengetahuan mengenai pola ekspresi gen Proteinase Inhibitor (PIN) perlu dilakukan lebih awal untuk mengidentifikasi bagian dari buah Kako yang memiliki tingkat ketahanan terhadap PBK. Penelitian ini membandingkan pola ekspresi gen PIN tanaman Kakao klon Tahan (KW 514), Intermediet (KW 162), dan Tidak Tahan (ICS 60) pada bagian OPW, IPW, Pulp, Biji dan Daun buah Kakao. Perlakuan ini dilakukan dengan cara isolasi RNA melalui teknik RT-PCR dan Elektroforesis Gel. Gen PIN berfungsi sebagai protein storage dan gen pertahanan alami. Gen PIN dapat berfungsi sebagai storage protein pada bagian biji, daging buah, dan daun sedangkan fungsi gen PIN sebagai gen pertahanan alami terdapat pada bagian terluar kulit buah Kakao. Tingkat ekspresi tertinggi gen PIN terjadi pada kulit buah yakni IPW dan OPW klon tahan PBK.
Keyword: Melting temperature, Crosslinked, Immuno-blotting

Judul: Numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring in front of impermeable breakwater with different steepnesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters. A two-dimensional hydrodynamics model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed and then combined with an empirical sediment transport model. Comparisons with an analytical solution and experimental data showed the present model is very accurate in predicting the near bottom velocity and capable of simulating the scour/deposition patterns consistent with experimental data. It was found that the additional terms of bottom shear stress in the momentum equations are necessary to produce a physical scouring pattern. Different breakwater steepnesses produce different characteristics of standing wave, the steady streaming system, and scouring pattern in front of the breakwaters, which also affects the correlations between them. An additional analysis of the turbulence field parameters and the sediment transport rate was also performed. All these important information will be presented in details in this paper and can be worthwhile for designing the breakwater in coastal areas.
Keyword: The RANS–VOF model Standingwave Steadystreamingsystem Scouring pattern Breakwatersteepness