Judul: Kajian penggunaan berbagai bahan aditif pada media transportasi tertutup terhadap kelulushidupan benih ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus
Abstrak: Ikan Nila merupakan salah satu komoditas yang memiliki tingkat pembudidayaan yang cukup tinggi di sektor ikan air tawar di Indonesia sehingga memerlukan penanganan transportasi dengan baik untuk penyaluran benihnya. Sistem transportasi yang digunakan pada penelitian yaitu transportasi benih ikan nila sistem tertutup. Penggunaan bahan aditif pada media transportasi dilakukan dengan tujuan mempertahankan kondisi lingkungan media serta melakukan penurunan metabolisme ikan selama pengangkutan berlangsung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi pustaka berhubungan dengan penambahan bahan aditif pada transportasi benih ikan nila sistem tertutup. Bahan aditif yang dianalisis di antaranya bahan anestesi (ekstrak akar tuba, ekstrak bunga kamboja, dan ekstrak daun bandotan) dan sebagai stabilizer kualitas air pada media transportasi berupa zeolit, karbon aktif dan garam. Penggunaan garam, zeolit, dan karbon aktif sebagai stabilizer kualitas air dapat digunakan pada sistem transportasi yang membutuhkan waktu yang lebih dari 10 jam sedangkan untuk waktu dibawah atau sama dengan 10 jam maka dapat menggunakan ekstrak daun bandotan sebagai bahan anestesi untuk menurunkan laju metabolisme pada ikan., Tilapia is a commodity that has a fairly high level of aquaculture in the freshwater fish sector in Indonesia, so it requires proper transportation handling for the distribution of seeds. The transportation system used in this study is the closed system of tilapia seed transportation. The use of additives in the transportation media is carried out with the aim of maintaining the environmental conditions of the media and reducing fish metabolism during transportation. The research was conducted using the literature study method related to the addition of additives in closed system tilapia seed transportation. The additives analysis included anesthetic agents (tuba root extract, frangipani flower extract, and bandotan leaf extract) and as stabilizers for air quality in transport media in the form of zeolite, activated carbon and salt. The use of salt, zeolite, and activated carbon as air quality stabilizers can be used in transportation systems that require more than 10 hours while for times below or equal to 10 hours, bandotan leaf extract can be used as an anesthetic agent to reduce the metabolic rate in fish.
Keyword: additives, tilapia, survival rate, transportation

Judul: Study of Addition of Different Additives in  Closed System Transportation Media Against Survival Rate Catfish Seeds  Pangasius sp.
Abstrak: Ikan patin Pangasius sp. merupakan komoditas budidaya dengan nilai ekonomi dan tingkat konsumsi yang tinggi, sehingga diperlukan teknik transportasi ikan yang baik untuk penyebaran benihnya. Sistem transportasi yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah transportasi benih ikan patin dengan sistem tertutup. Penambahan bahan aditif dalam media transportasi perlu dilakukan karena dapat menunjang kondisi ikan yang ditransportasikan dengan cara menurunkan metabolisme dan mempertahankan keadaan lingkungan media selama pengangkutan berlangsung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode studi pustaka terkait transportasi benih ikan patin dengan sistem tertutup. Bahan aditif yang dievaluasi adalah a. bahan berbentuk padatan, yaitu zeolite, arang aktif, dan garam yang berperan sebagai stabilizer kualitas air dan b. bahan yang berbentuk cairan, yaitu akar tuba, minyak cengkeh, dan minyak sereh yang berperan sebagai anestesi ikan. Hasil terbaik berdasarkan literatur adalah kombinasi penambahan bahan stabilizer kualitas air dan anestesi dengan kepadatan tinggi dan durasi waktu transportasi yang panjang efektif meningkatkan sintasan pascatransportasi., Catfish Pangasius sp. is a cultivated commodity with a high economic value and high consumption, so good fish transportation techniques are needed for the spread of seeds. The transportation system used is the transportation of catfish seeds with a closed system. The addiction of additives in transportation media needs to be done because it can support the condition of fish transported by lowering metabolism and maintaining the state of the media environment during transportation. The research was conducted by literature study method related to catfish seeds transportation with closed system. Additives evaluated are a. solids in the form of zeolite, activated charcoal and salt that serves as a water quality stabilizer and b. materials in the form of liquids namely tubal roots, clove oil and citronella oil that acts as fish anesthesia. The best result based on the literature is a combination of addition of water quality stabilizer and anesthesia with high density and long duration of transportation time effectively improving post-transport survival rate.
Keyword: additives, closed systems transportation, survival rate, water quality

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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