Judul: Bakteri Enteropatogen pada Penderita Diare dan Kondisi Higiene Sanitasi Lingkungan Inang di Kecamatan Cigudeg Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Diarrhea is still be one of the top ten disease that occur in Indonesia. Some bacterial enteropathogens are diarrhea-causing bacteria, such as Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., and Vibrio cholerae. The spread of diarrheal diseases caused by poor personal hygiene and environmental sanitation. This study aims to assess the presence of bacterial enteropathogens, personal hygiene, and environmental sanitation of diarrheal patients in Cigudeg District of Bogor Regency West Java. Stool samples from 50 diarrheal patients have been identified the presence of its bacterial enteropathogen. Personal hygiene observations conducted on 50 diarrheal patients and its settlements environmental-sanitation. The results of the stool’s identification of diarrheal patients showed 2 isolates of Salmonella sp., and 2 isolates of Shigella sp., but there were no V. cholerae. Analysis of personal hygiene showed as much as 60.1% of respondents did not wash their hands with soap before eating. Hygiene’s data of food and beverage sanitation behavior suggested that as many as 85.1% of respondents eat their food about 1-12 hours after it been cooked. Observations showed the state of environmental sanitation related sanitary sewer waste water was not good.
Keyword: Shigella sp., V. cholerae, sanitation, Salmonella sp., Diarrhea

Judul: Salmonella, leukosit, dan hematokrit dari penderita diare di Puskesmas Cangkurawok, Dramaga, Bogor
Abstrak: Salmonella is one of bacteria that can cause diarrhea with the infasive mechanism, which can influence the system immune. The objective of this research is isolating Salmonella from diarrhea’s faeces and knowing the number and differentiation of leucocyte, and hematocryte value of diarrhea patient. The faecal samples were isolated in SSA media. The identification of isolates based on gram staining and biochemical assay through MR (Methyl Red), VP (Voges Proskauer), urease, H2S, KCN, indole, and citrat. Hematogram analysis include hematocryt value, number of leukocytes, and calculated the percentage of leukocyte differentiation type. Five of 100 faecal samples showed that they had black colonies in SSA media. Then based on the biochemical assay, three of those samples had characteristic of Salmonella bacteria, positive result in MR and citrate, and negative in VP, urease, H2S, KCN, and indole. The patients who identified as Salmonella carrier had the normal hematocryt value, normal and low number of leucocyte, and the varying presentation of leucocyte differentiation.
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Judul: Pricing of Lookback Options with Floating Strike Price Using The Monte Carlo Method
Abstrak: Opsi lookback adalah opsi yang payoff-nya bergantung pada harga saham terbesar atau harga saham terkecil yang dicapai selama masa berlaku opsi. Opsi lookback dikatakan dengan floating strike price jika nilai dari strike price sebesar harga saham pada saat jatuh tempo. Nilai hampiran opsi lookback ditentukan dengan metode Monte Carlo, sedangkan nilai eksak didapat dari nilai simulasi terbesar yang mampu dihitung oleh komputer. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, nilai galat relatif yang dihasilkan semakin kecil dengan semakin bertambah banyaknya simulasi yang dilakukan, sehingga metode Monte Carlo untuk menghitung harga opsi lookback dengan floating strike price konvergen ke nilai eksaknya., Lookback option is an option whose payoff depends on the maximum or minimum of the asset price reached during the option period. The lookback option is said to be a floating strike price if the value of the strike price is equal to the stock price at maturity. The value of the lookback option is determined by the Monte Carlo method, while the exact value is obtained from the largest simulation value that the computer can compute. Based on the calculation results, the resulting relative error value get smaller with the increasing number of simulations performed. Therefore, the Monte Carlo method to calculate the price of the lookback option with the floating strike price converges to the exact value.
Keyword: lookback option, floating strike price, Monte Carlo method, convergent