Judul: Peningkatan daya guna biji kecipir untuk makanan ayam broiler melalui perendaman dan perebusan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bagian Ilmu Produksi Ternak Unggas, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, selama tujuh minggu sejak tanggal 22 Februari sampai dengan tanggal 9 April 1983. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mempelajari pengaruh perendaman dan perebusan biji kecipir terhadap performans ayam broiler. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan pola Faktorial 3 X 4. Faktor pertama adalah perendaman biji kecipir selama 0, 3 dan 6 jam, sedangkan faktor kedua adalah tingkat perebusan 0, 15, 30 dan 45 menit.
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Judul: Pengaruh perendaman dan perebusan biji kecipir terhadap performans dan bobot beberapa organ tubuh ayam pedaging
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Bagian Unggas Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor selama 7 minggu mulai tanggal 15 Februari sampai dengan tanggal 7 April 1983. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh perendaman biji kecipir selama 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 dan 15 jam dengan tanpa perebusan dan perebusan selama 15 menit terhadap performans, bobot hati dan bobot limpa ayam peda- ging. Percobaan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini merupa- kan percobaan faktorial 2 X 6 dengan 2 ulangan; tiap ulang an terdiri dari 6 ekor ayam. Ayam pedaging yang digunakan berjumlah 156 ekor anak ayam umur sehari terdiri dari 78 ekor jantan dan 78 ekor betina dari jenis CP 707 yang ber- asal dari PT Charoen Pokphan, Tangerang. Semuanya ada 12 macam ransum yang tersusun dari bahan yang sama kecuali dalam hal kecipirnya yang telah mengalami berbagai tingkat perendaman dan perebusan. Hasil analisa statistik menunjukkan bahwa perendaman dan perebusan biji kecipir serta interaksinya sangat nyata mempengaruhi (P/ 0.01) konsumsi ransum dan pertambahan bobot badan. Perebusan berpengaruh terhadap konversi ransum (P/ 0.01) tetapi perendaman tidak berpengaruh. Perendaman tidak mempengaruhi nilai gizi biji kecipir tetapi diduga mempengaruhi selera makan ayam. Mortalitas dan bobot hati tidak dipengaruhi lamanya perendaman dan perebusan biji kecipir. Perebusan selama 15 menit meningkatkan bobot limpa. Perendaman juga mempengaruhi bobot limpa tetapi dengan mekanisme yang belum jelas…
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis