Judul: Implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) in the Edible Birdnest Processing Unit for Exports to China
Abstrak: The Edible birdnest (EBN) made produced from the sublingual gland that came from the bird species Aerodramus fuciphaga which export to China as expensive commodities. EBN as one of food of animal origin had the potential to transmit foodborne disease. Cases of food vultures due to eating EBN products have never been reported, but EBN had the potential to cause foodborne diseases that might caused by contamination from the environment. This study aims were analyzed the implementation of HACCP on EBN processing units that exported their product to China and analyzed the result descriptively. Guidelines for animal quarantine requirements and actions against the expenditure of EBN from Indonesia to China were needed that the minimum processing facilities and infrastructure had been certified by Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) system or equivalent. This research was a descriptive study with an explorative design. A total of 4 (four) business units were agreed respondents that were used as research samples from all 14 business units in Indonesia. The companies had HACCP certification and export permits to China. The respondents had been taken as Quality Assurance managers or equivalents of each willing business unit in this study. The composition of the questionnaire refers to the HACCP system was contained 12 (twelve) logical steps of implementation of HACCP. The results showed that there were diversity of the number of HACCP teams of 7-11 people and the educational background of most (50%) bachelor. This research was showed the EBN’s that report significant hazards of each business unit at the stage sorting, washing, quality control (QC 1), and at the stage of steaming that is only found in the business unit of PT D. In addition, there were stages considered as very significant hazards. There were in every business unit at the stage of feather removal, rinsing, and heating. The results showed there were two critical control points; soaking and heating. HACCP was applied at EBN exporter companies have variances from the number of HACCP teams, educational characteristics, HACCP divisions, product descriptions, and flow charts processing stages. The four exporter companies had similarities on the number, determination of CCP stages, and the same CCP control method. Keywords: China, Edible Birdnest, Export, HACCP.
Keyword: Sarang Burung Walet, HACCP, Edible Birdnest, Export, Ekspor, Republik Rakyat Tiongkok, China

Judul: Preparation of HACCP Document for Cellulose Casing Chicken Sausage Production at PT XYZ
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perubahan pola hidup masyarakat. Dewasa ini, masyarakat memilih menyimpan makanan dalam jangka panjang. Produk pangan beku menjadi pilihan paling diminati dan membuat produsen pangan beku berlomba memenuhi permintaan pasar. Tingginya tingkat produksi harus selaras dengan pelaksanaan manajemen keamanan pangan yang baik. PT XYZ merupakan salah satu industri pangan yang bergerak pada pengolahan produk pangan beku dengan bahan baku daging ayam, tingkat produksi tertinggi dimiliki oleh sosis ayam selongsong selulosa. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan bersamaan dengan kegiatan magang yang bertujuan mempelajari proses produksi dan menentukan control point sosis ayam selongsong selulosa di PT XYZ serta menyusun rencana dan dokumen HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Point). Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan studi literatur, studi kasus, pengumpulan data dan penyusunan rencana HACCP. Penyusunan rencana HACCP mengidentifikasi keberadaan bahaya dan titik kritis pada keseluruhan proses produksi. Bahaya digolongkan pada bahaya fisik, kimia dan biologi. Bahaya disebabkan aktivitas mikroba maupun kontaminasi peralatan dan lingkungan serta personel. Titik kritis terdeteksi pada tahapan pemasakan, pendinginan cepat, deteksi metal, pembekuan cepat dan distribusi rantai dingin. Bahaya dapat terjadi apabila suhu target produk tidak tercapai, kontaminasi peralatan dan personel. Bahaya dan titik kritis terdeteksi dikendalikan dengan tindakan koreksi sesuai bahayanya. Pengawasan penerapan rencana HACCP dapat dilakukan dengan penerapan sistem monitoring dan dokumentasi., The Covid-19 pandemic has changed people's lifestyles. Today, people choose to store food in the long term. Frozen food is the most popular choice because they have a long shelf life and is easy to cook. Therefore, frozen food manufacturers are competing to meet market demand. Production increases must be in line with the implementation of good food safety management. PT XYZ is one of the food industries that is engaged in processing frozen food products with chicken meat as the raw material with the highest production level owned by cellulose shell chicken sausage. This research was carried out in conjunction with an internship that aims to study the production process of cellulose-sleeved chicken sausage at PT XYZ and develop plans and documents for HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Point). The research was conducted by conducting literature studies, case studies, data collection, and HACCP planning. HACCP plan development identified hazards and critical points in the entire production process. Hazards are classified into physical, chemical, and biological hazards. Hazards were caused by microbial activity as well as contamination of equipment and the environment and personnel. Critical points were detected in the stages of cooking, rapid cooling, metal detection, rapid freezing and cold chain distribution. Hazards might occur if the target product temperature is not reached, contamination of equipment and personnel. Hazards and detected points could be controlled by appropriate measures for the hazard. Supervision of the implementation of the HACCP plan could be done by implementing a monitoring and documentation system.
Keyword: bahaya, kontaminasi, rencana HACCP, sosis ayam selongsong selulosa, titik kritis

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix