Judul: Induksi Embrio Globular pada Tanaman Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.)
Abstrak: Sugar palm is a monocot plant belong to the Arecaceae family economically valuable and have bright prospects to be developed for food products to bio-ethanol substituting fossil fuels. This plant is usually propagated generatively yet there are a few issues being faced such as a long reproductive cycle, long seed production and dormancy, low germination capacity, and uniform seedling growth. Non-conventional plant breeding through biotechnology is the best possible alternative solution to provide good quality seedlings in order to increase sugar palm productivity. Tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis method is a technique that can be used to induce abundant and relatively uniform somatic embryos from zygotic embryos. One of the key factors when using this method which is focused in this research is the role of plant growth regulators under the auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin groups. The objective of this study was to get the best media to produce somatic embryos from zygotic embryos of sugar palm. The obtained results are expected to be used for future sugar palm non-conventional breeding. This research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University from October 2012 to April 2013. It covers the embryogenic callus induction phase, globular embryo induction phase and globular embryos maturation phase. The first phase consisted six treatments with 2,4-D, NAA, and biotin combination aiming to induce callus formation from young zygotic embryos. In the second phase, callus obtained from the first phase were subcultured to 14 different treatments with various kinetin and TIBA combination. As for the third phase, explants which were obtained from the second phase were subcultured into media with or without GA3 combination. The variables which were observed were percentage and total sterile explants, percentage and total explants which induced callus formation, average percentage of callus coverage, percentage and total explants with base apocol smaller than haustorium, percentage and total pseudo roots, percentage and total explants which induced globular embryos, percentage and total alive and mature globular embryo clumps. Sterilization using NaOCl 1.575 % and alcohol 96 % was able to provide 50-85 % sterile explants. During callus induction phase, embryogenic callus were mostly formed at treatment A5 (MS + 3 mg l-1 2,4-D + 0.2 mg l-1 NAA + 100 mg l-1 biotin) which is 73.4 % after 8 weeks. All explants were able to form globular embryos on media B3 (callus A1 to media MS + 4 mg l-1 Kinetin), B6 (callus A1 to media MS + 1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 0.1 mg l-1 TIBA), B12 (callus A2 to media MS + 0.1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 1 mg l-1 TIBA), and B14 (callus A2 to media MS + 1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 1 mg l-1 TIBA) at 2 WAT during embryo globular induction phase. During embryo globular maturation phase, media C11 (globular embryo clumps B9 to media MS + 0.1 mg l-1 GA3) was able to induce 70.8 % mature globular embryo clumps.
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Judul: Effect of Addition of Several Combinations of Growth Regulatory Substances (PGR) and Pre-Treatment Media on In Vitro Growth of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) Zygotic Embryos.
Abstrak: Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) merupakan famili Arecaceae yang tumbuh soliter. Tanaman ini memiliki tandan yang ditumbuhi oleh buah aren. Buah aren memiliki embrio yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan perbanyakan secara generatif. Perbanyakan bibit aren melalui embrio diharapkan dapat menghasilkan bibit secara cepat dan berkualitas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan evaluasi pengaruh pemberian kombinasi ZPT dan media pra perlakuan pada tanaman aren secara in vitro dalam petumbuhan dan perkembangan membentuk tunas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberiaan kombinasi ZPT dan penggunaan media pra perlakuan secara masing-masing berpengaruh dalam pertumbuhan embrio aren. Pemberian kombinasi terbaik dengan BAP 7,5 ppm + IAA 2 ppm menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kontrol dalam pertumbuhan kecambah embrio aren hingga membentuk tunas dan media tanpa pra perlakuan menunjukkan hasil terbaik dalam pertumbuhan embrio menjadi tunas. Pemberian ZPT dan pengunaan media pra perlakuan berpengaruh dalam pertumbuhan embrio aren., Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) is a solitary growing family of Arecaceae. This plant has bunches overgrown with palm fruit. Palm fruit has an embryo that can be used as a generative propagation material. Propagation of palm seeds through embryos is expected to produce seeds quickly and with quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of giving a combination of PGR and pre-treatment media on sugar palm plants in vitro on growth and development to form shoots. The results showed that the combination of PGR and the use of pre-treatment media each had an effect on the growth of sugar palm embryos. Giving the best combination with BAP 7.5 ppm + IAA 2 ppm showed a significant effect on control in the growth of sugar palm embryo sprouts to form shoots and media without pretreatment showed the best results in embryo growth into shoots. The administration of PGR and the use of pre-treatment media had an effect on the growth of sugar palm embryos.
Keyword: Embryo, in vitro, pre-treatment, sugar palm

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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