Judul: Clusterization of P. crocatum Leaf (Piper crocatum) from Various Regions in Indonesia Based on Secondary Metabolite Fingerprint Analysis and Cytotoxicity Values
Abstrak: Kualitas ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah sebagai tanaman obat ditentukan oleh metabolit sekunder yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi geografis dan lingkungan tumbuh tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengelompokkan sirih merah dari berbagai daerah di Indonesia berdasarkan analisis sidik jari metabolit sekunder dan nilai sitotoksisitas. Pengamatan keragaman matabolit sekunder ekstrak etanol daun sirih merah berasal dari tujuh daerah berbeda (Banda Aceh, Bandung, Bogor, Malang, Samarinda, Kendari, Jayapura) yang dilakukan dengan pendekatan metabolomik menggunakan kromatografi cair-spektroskopi massa (LC-MS/MS) dan penentuan nilai sitotoksisitas dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Analisis sidik jari metabolit sekunder menggunakan analisis kluster dengan dendrogram menghasilkan 12 senyawa dengan 3 kelompok sampel berdasarkan daerah asalnya yaitu kelompok 1 (Banda Aceh, Samarinda, Jayapura); kelompok 2 (Bandung, Kendari, Malang); kelompok 3 (Bogor). Sampel kelompok 1 teridentifikasi 8 senyawa yang memiliki nilai kelimpahan relatif tertinggi. Sampel kelompok 2 teridentifikasi 3 senyawa yang memiliki nilai kelimpahan relatif tertinggi. Sampel kelompok 3 memiliki 1 senyawa dengan nilai kelimpahan relatif tertinggi. Masing-masing senyawa memiliki waktu retensi yang berbeda-beda. Nilai sitotoksisitas (LC50) ekstrak etanol daun sirih diperoleh ekstrak paling aktif berasal dari daerah Banda Aceh dan Malang (2,64 μg/mL). Simpulan dari penelitian ini berdasarkan hasil analisis sidik jari metabolit sekunder dan nilai sitotoksisitas teridentifikasi 12 senyawa dengan tiga kluster keragaman metabolit sekunder berdasarkan daerah asalnya yaitu kelompok 1 (Banda Aceh, Jayapura, Samarinda); kelompok 2 (Bandung, Kendari, Malang); kelompok 3 (Bogor).
Keyword: LC-MS/MS, LC50, Piper crocatum

Judul: Profil Flavonoid, Tanin, dan Alkaloid dari Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum)
Abstrak: Piper crocatum is Indonesia’s medicinal plant that has been proven to have anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidative, and anticancer activities. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine and analyze flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid profiles of 30 % ethanol and water extracts of Piper crocatum leaves. Flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid profiles were measured using spectrophotometry, titrimetry, gravimetry and LC-MS techniques. Phytochemical identification proved that both of extracts contain flanovoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Measurement of flavonoids quantitatively showed that the highest value was found in ethanol 30 % extract, 6.09 ± 0.26 mg QE/g. The highest quantitative tannin and alkaloid present in the water extract with a value of 3.97 ± 0.08 mg/g and 543.75 ± 3.17 mg/g. LC-MS analyze, the highest flavonoid compounds expected in water extract. The highest tannin and alkaloid compounds were expected in ethanol 30 % extract.
Keyword: tannins., Piper crocatum, flavonoids, alkaloids

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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