Judul: Certainty of Aquatic Insect Species Ephemeroptera Order from the Cigambreng River, Bogor Regency Based on 16S rRNA Gene as a Basis for Management
Abstrak: Ephemeroptera merupakan makroinvertebrata bentik yang digunakan sebagai bioindikator perairan tawar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik basa nukleotida, kepastian spesies, dan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan serangga air ordo Ephemeroptera berdasarkan marka gen 16S rRNA sebagai dasar pengelolaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2022 hingga Februari 2023. Metode yang digunakan meliputi isolasi dan ekstraksi, amplifikasi dan visualisasi, dan sekuensing gen 16S rRNA. Analisis data yang digunakan antara lain analisis morfologi, pensejajaran basa nukleotida, analisis filogeni, dan jarak genetik menggunakan MEGA 11. Hasil validasi menunjukkan sampel dari famili Heptageniidae memiliki tingkat kemiripan >98% dengan Thalerosphyrus sinuosus, sedangkan sampel Baetidae sebesar 83% dengan Pseudocloeon glaucum. Pohon filogeni menunjukkan kekerabatan famili Heptageniidae spesies Thalerosphyrus sinuosus sangat dekat dengan ingroup species, sedangkan famili Baetidae cukup jauh dengan ingroup species., Ephemeroptera are benthic macroinvertebrates used as freshwater bioindicators. This study aims to determine the characteristics of nucleotide bases, determine species certainty, and determine the kinship relationship of water insects of the order Ephemeroptera based on 16S rRNA gene markers as a basis for management. The study was conducted from June 2022 to February 2023. The methods used included isolation and extraction, amplification and visualization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data analysis used included morphological analysis, nucleotide base alignment, phylogeny analysis, and genetic distance using MEGA 11. The validation results showed that samples from the Heptageniidae family had >98% similarity with Thalerosphyrus sinuosus, while samples from Baetidae were 83% with Pseudocloeon glaucum. The phylogenetic tree shows that the family Heptageniidae, the species Thalerosphyrus sinuosus, is very close to the ingroup species, while the family Baetidae is quite far from the ingroup species..
Keyword: Ephemeroptera, 16S rRNA, Serangga air, Cigambreng, Heptageniidae, Baetidae

Judul: Aquatic Insect Communities in Several Waterfalls of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang
Abstrak: Air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang merupakan sumber air yang sangat penting bagi masyarakat Bogor. Kualitas air di tempat tersebut perlu dijaga dengan baik melalui monitoring lingkungan menggunakan bioindikator serangga akuatik. Ordo EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, dan Trichoptera) paling umum digunakan sebagai bioindikator karena kelompok serangga tersebut sering dijumpai di perairan bersih dan sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan faktor fisikokimia perairan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan komunitas serangga akuatik di beberapa air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang serta menentukan kualitas perairan berdasarkan komunitas serangga akuatiknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling pada jalur transek sepanjang 10 m dari titik nol sekitar + 15 m dari air terjun. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 3 stasiun pengamatan Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Sampel serangga akuatik diambil menggunakan hand net berukuran 30 x 30 cm dan disimpan dalam botol sampel yang berisi alkohol 70%. Parameter lingkungan yang diambil berupa kelembaban relatif, suhu air, TDS (total dissolve solid), kecepatan arus, dan pH air. Sampel diidentifikasi menggunakan mikroskop stereo, buku identifikasi, dan Aplikasi Waterbug. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner, kelimpahan EPT, NMDS, dan Indeks BMWP-ASPT. Jumlah individu serangga akuatik lebih banyak ditemukan di air terjun Babakan Madang, namun keanekaragaman serangga akuatik lebih tinggi di air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak. Kelimpahan EPT didominasi oleh Famili Baetidae. NMDS Ordination menunjukkan persebaran famili di 6 stasiun pengamatan. Berdasarkan pengukuran Indeks BMWP-ASPT, Air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang memiliki kualitas air tercemar sedang., The waterfalls of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang are very important water sources for the people of Bogor. Water quality in these places needs to be properly maintained through environmental monitoring using aquatic insect bioindicators. The orders EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) are most commonly used as bioindicators because these insect groups are often found in clean waters and are very sensitive to changes in water physicochemical factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify and compare aquatic insect communities in several waterfalls of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang and determine water quality based on the aquatic insect community. The method used is purposive sampling on a 10 m long transect from the zero point around + 15 m from the waterfall. Sampling was carried out at 3 observation stations of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang with 3 replications. Aquatic insect samples were taken using a hand net measuring 30 x 30 cm and stored in a sample bottle containing 70% alcohol. Environmental parameters taken in the form of relative humidity, water temperature, TDS (total dissolve solid), current velocity, and water pH. Samples were identified using a stereo microscope, identification book, and the Waterbug Application. Data analysis was performed using the Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index, EPT abundance, NMDS, and BMWP-ASPT Index. The number of individual aquatic insects was more found in Babakan Madang waterfall, but the diversity of aquatic insects was higher in Mount Halimun Salak waterfall. The abundance of EPT is dominated by the Baetidae Family. NMDS Ordination shows the distribution of families in 6 observation stations. Based on the measurement of
Keyword: Aquatic insect, bioindicator, purposive sampling, waterfall, water quality

Judul: Analisis Kompleksitas Masalah Optimasi Linear Menggunakan Metode Interior Primal-Dual dengan Langkah Full-Newton.
Abstrak: Primal-dual interior method with full-Newton step is a method for solving linear optimization problems. This method is designed in such a way that an optimal solution is obtained an interior of the domain. It has polynomial complexity. This paper discusses and analyzes the complexity of linear optimization problems using primal-dual interior method with full-Newton steps. From the case studies that have been conducted, can be concluded that the number of iterations is in accordance with the complexity of the algorithm.
Keyword: