Judul: Scfa Profile Of Rice Rs Fermentation By Colonic Microbiota, Clostridium Butyricum Bcc B2571, Or Eubacterium Rectale Dsm 17629
Abstrak: Pati resisten tipe 3 (RS3) yang dihasilkan dari berbagai sumber makanan beramilosa tinggi melalui retrogradation atau proses enzimatik dikenal memiliki fungsi fisiologis sebagai serat makanan. Fermentasi RS3 oleh mikrobiota kolon menghasilkan SCFA (asetat, propionat, dan butirat), yang dapat menjaga kesehatan usus, keseimbangan usus mikrobiota, mencegah penyakit radang usus IBD) dan kanker kolon. RS3 dalam penelitian ini dibuat dari beras patah IR-42 dan Inpari-16 melalui perlakuan enzimatik (kombinasi amilase-pullulanase). Pati resisten difermentasi selama 12 dan 24 jam dengan mikrobiota kolon, Clostiridium butyricum BCC-B2571, atau Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629. SCFA yang dihasilkan dianalisis dengan kromatografi gas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah proses enzimatik, kadar RS3 dari IR-42 (41,13%) tidak berbeda nyata (p <0,05) dari yang Inpari-16 (37,70%). Perlakuan dengan kombinasi amilase-pullulanase sangat menguntungkan untuk meningkatkan kadar RS3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi tinggi asetat (82,5 mM) diproduksi oleh mikrobiota kolon setelah 12 jam fermentasi. Kadar propionat terbaik (7,5 mM) juga diproduksi oleh mikrobiota kolon setelah 12 jam fermentasi dan konsentrasi terbaik dari butirat (6,8 mM) diproduksi oleh mikrobiota kolon setelah 24 jam fermentasi. Hal ini jelas bahwa produksi SCFA lebih baik pada mikrobiota kolon dan bukan satu strain.
Keyword: Pati resisten, mikrobiota kolon, Clostridium butyricum BCC-B2571, Eubacterium rectale DSM 17629, SCFA

Judul: Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile produced by Clostridium butyricum grown on medium containing type 3 resistant starch (RS3) of sweet potato
Abstrak: Gastrointestines is an important part of body metabolism which affects human health. One of the deseases which attack gastrointestines is colorectal cancer (CRC) which can be prevented by proper lifestyle and consumption of healthy functional food. SCFA are the main products of anaerobic microbial fermentation in the large intestine and affect colonic health by providing energy to the epithelial cells. The organic acids produced in the colon are acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Interest in butyrate role as a possible protective agent has arisen from its anti-proliferative effects on cells in vitro including colon tumour cell lines. Resistant starch (RS), is retrogradaded starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine and can be fermented in colon by anaerobic bacteria producing SCFA which contributes to the gastrointestinal health, and thus can be classified as funtional food. The crystalline non-granular starch (RS3) can be obtained from many starchy sources, such as rice, corn, maize, wheat, sago, banana, potato, and sweet potato. In this study, jago sweet potato used contain 31% starch content. Jago sweet potato is usually consumed indirectly as the taste is not preferable.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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