Judul: Physical Characteristics of Buffalo Parchment Leather and Cow Parchment Leather as a Medium for Making Puppets
Abstrak: Wayang merupakan salah satu warisan budaya Bangsa Indonesia yang telah diakui oleh UNESCO. Banyak penelitian mengenai wayang yang ditinjau dari segi sastra dan kebahasaan, namun penelitian mengenai bahan kulit yang digunakan masih sangat sedikit. Bahan utama pembuatan wayang kulit adalah kulit perkamen. Kulit perkamen terbaik yang digunakan untuk membuat wayang kulit adalah kulit kerbau. Kulit kerbau dianggap sebagai kulit terbaik oleh pengrajin karena lentur dan tidak mudah bengkok saat dijadikan wayang kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kualitas fisik kulit perkamen kerbau dan kulit perkamen sapi sebagai media pembuatan wayang kulit. Sifat fisik yang diamati pada penelitian ini meliputi kekuatan tarik, kemuluran kulit, dan kekuatan sobek. Uji t dilakukan dalam penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sifat fisik kulit kerbau dan sapi berbeda nyata. Kekuatan tarik kulit kerbau dan sapi berturut turut adalah 781,37 ± 218,35 dan 592,07 ± 153,68. Kemuluran kulit kerbau dan sapi berturut turut adalah 10,44 ± 3,71 dan 16,67 ± 1,73. Kekuatan sobek kulit kerbau dan sapi berturut turut adalah 500,33 ± 74,26 dan 422,17 ± 130,76., Puppet is a cultural heritage of the nation's ancestors that has been recognized by UNESCO. There are a lot of research on puppets which is reviewed from the literary and linguistic aspects, but there is still very little research on the leather material used. The main material in making leather puppets is parchment leather. The best parchment leather used for shadow puppets is buffalo hide. Buffalo hide is considered the best hide by craftsmen because it is flexible and does not bend easily when it becomes a leather puppet. This study aimed to analyze the difference between the physical quality of buffalo parchment leather and cow parchment leather as a medium for making leather puppets. Physical properties observed in this study include tensile strength, skin elongation, and tear strength. t-test was used in this experiment. The result of tensile strength of buffalo and cow hide sequentially were 781,37 ± 218,35 and 592,07 ± 153,68. Skin elongation of buffalo and cow hide sequentially were 10,44 ± 3,71 and 16,67 ± 1,73. Tear strength of buffalo and cow hide sequentially were 500,33 ± 74,26 dan 422,17 ± 130,76.
Keyword: buffalo hide, cow hide, puppet

Judul: Sifat Fisik Kulit Samak Khrom Domba Ekor Gemuk Dan Domba Ekor Tipis Awet Garam
Abstrak: Sheep is the one of many leather product. Mostly, leather of sheep have size more small and thin than cow and buffalo. Leather of cow and buffalo can make the leather light. The observation consists of experiment using six sheets of sheep leather, respectively. The observation design used on experiment has Direct Randomized Complete Design with three repeatations. Variable analysis of experiment consists of tensile strength and elongation of leather, and torn strength. The experiment result showed that tensile strength value of chrome tanned leather of Javanese fat-tailed and local Javanese thin-tailed not clear different were respectively 42.86 ± 2,12 kg/cm3 ; 38.56 ± 2,16 kg/cm3. The elongation value of chrome tanned leather of Javanese fat-tailed and local Javanese thin-tailed not clear different were respectively 99.25 ± 36,59 % ; 104.03 ± 21,71 %, whereas the torn strength given were respectively 3.57 ± 0.9194 kg/cm3 ; 3.475 ± 0.2947 kg/cm3. The tensile strength, elongation, and torn strength value of chrome tanned leather of Javanese fat-tailed were not clear different than leather of local Javanese thin-tailed. Keywords: Sheep, Tanning, Physical Characteristic,.
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Judul: Sintesis Krisin dari Floroglusinol
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, widely distributed in vascular plants. Flavones containing hydroxyl groups at 5 and 7 position are quite important regarding their biological activities and their abiquity in nature. Flavone having hydroxyl groups only at position 5 and 7 or 5,7-dihydroxyflavone is known as chrysin. In this study, crude chrysin had been successfully synthesized in 3 steps from phloroglucinol as starting material. Phloroglucinol was acetylated with acetonitrile and HCl gas, resulting phloroacetophenone amount to 74%. Phloroacetophenone benzoylation with 4.5 equivalents of benzoyl chloride produced tribenzoyl phloroacetophenone in 103–107% of yield and the subsequent Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester by using KOH in dried pyridine produced crude chrysin, with conversion percentage of 71.62%. All synthetic products had been characterized by melting point and spectroscopically.
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