Judul: Sistem Pakar Penentuan Jenis Budidaya Ikan Air Tawar Berdasarkan Lokasi dan Kualitas Air
Abstrak: This research developed an expert system designed to record and use knowledge, experience, and expertise of the experts in aquaculture to identify what types of freshwater fish farming based on location and existing water quality. K-fold cross validation method is used for sharing subset of data train and data test with three replications for each training and testing. Nominal distance is used to calculate distances on the nominal parameters, while Euclidean distance is used to calculate numerical parameters that will be combined using aggregate formula. The resulting distances are combined by aggregate formula. The classification method used for determining the appropriate class type is K-Nearest Neighbor that give the best average of accuracy at k = 3 with normalization, with a value of 97.41%.
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Judul: Sistem Pakar Fuzzy Penentuan Kesesuaian Jenis Ikan Berdasarkan Kualitas Air.
Abstrak: Pengetahuan tentang parameter kualitas air yang tepat adalah hal penting pada proses budidaya ikan karena optimalitas produksi ikan dipengaruhi oleh kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sistem pakar penentu jenis ikan budidaya berdasarkan kualitas air. Parameter kualitas air yang berupa parameter kimia adalah kandungan oksigen terlarut, amoniak, dan nitrit, sedangkan parameter fisika adalah suhu dan kecerahan. Ikan yang dipilih adalah ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio), gurame (Osphronemus goramy), dan patin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) masing-masing mewakili ikan dengan tolerasi rendah, sedang, dan tinggi terhadap kualitas air yang buruk. Hasil keakuratan sistem terhadap kualitas air parameter kimia sebesar 92% dan parameter fisika sebesar 85% untuk ikan mas, parameter kimia sebesar 63% dan parameter fisika sebesar 59% untuk ikan gurame, dan parameter kimia sebesar 89% parameter fisika sebesar 70% untuk ikan patin.
Keyword: expert system, fuzzy inference system, Mamdani

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates