Judul: Evaluation of the use of chicken pituitary extract on growth performance and gonadosomatic index of giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)
Abstrak: Ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan perikanan budidaya yang dikenal mempunyai laju pertumbuhan yang lambat. Proses kematangan gonad ikan ini juga membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan ekstrak kelenjar hipofisa ayam broiler terhadap performa pertumbuhan dan indeks gonadosomatik ikan gurami. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut berdasarkan ukuran, yakni berukuran kecil K (10.3 ± 2.20 g) dan besar B (23 ± 3.88 g), serta injeksi hormon pertumbuhan rekombinan (RGH) dan ekstrak hipofisa ayam broiler (EHA). Perlakuannya adalah kontrol ikan K tanpa injeksi (K-KTR), ikan K diberi injeksi RGH 1 μg g-1 bobot ikan (K-RGH), ikan K diinjeksi dengan EHA 250 mg kg-1 bobot ikan (K-EHA), kontrol ikan B tanpa injeksi (B-KTR), ikan B dinjeksi RGH 1 μg g-1 bobot ikan (BRGH) dan ikan B diinjeksi EHA 250 mg.kg-1 bobot ikan (B-EHA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan performa pertumbuhan (rerata bobot dan biomassa) terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan B-RGH dan B-EHA. Hasil ini sejalan dengan ekspresi gen insulinelike growth factor 1 yang lebih tinggi (P<0.05) pada jam ke-4 pasca pemberian pakan. Injeksi RGH dan EHA cenderung meningkatkan nilai HSI dan VSI pada ikan ukuran besar. Indeks gonadosomatik tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan BEHA. Injeksi EHA menunjukkan pengaruh positif pada performa pertumbuhan dan indeks somatik ikan dengan ukuran besar, Giant gourami was one of the competitive commodities in fisheries culture which known has a slowly growth rate. Gonadal development also needs a long rearing time. This study aims to evaluate the use of chicken pituitary gland extract on growth and gonadosomatic index of giant gourami. The study was designed using completely randomized design consisted of 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment based on size, which is small or K (10.3 ± 2.20) and big or B (23 ± 3.88 g), also an injection of recombinant growth hormone (RGH) and chicken pituitary gland extract (EHA). The treatment consisted of control without injection in small size (K-KTR), size K with injected 1 μg g-1 RGH per g fish body (K-RGH), size K with injected 250 mg kg-1 pituitary extract per g fish body (K-EHA), size B without injection (B-KTR), size B with injected 1 μg g-1 RGH per g fish body (BRGH), size B with injected 250 mg kg-1 pituitary extract per g fish body (B-EHA). The result of this study indicated that best growth performance (weight average and biomass) was at B-RGH and B-EHA. This result was consistent with insulin- like growth factor 1 expression which higher at the 4th hour after feeding. Pituitary gland extract and recombinant growth hormone injection can increase hepatosomatic index and visceral somatic index in B fish group size. The highest gonadosomatic index was shown by B-EHA. The pituitary gland extract injection indicated a positive effect on growth and somatic index of giant gourami size B
Keyword: chicken pituitary, giant gourami, growth, reproduction, chicken pituitary, giant gourami, growth, reproduction

Judul: Physiology, Biochemistry, and Molecular Responses of Giant Gourami Juvenile Treated by Recombinant Growth Hormone
Abstrak: Ikan gurame (Osphronemus goramy Lac.) merupakan salah satu spesies target revitalisasi perikanan untuk tujuan konsumsi dalam negeri yang produksinya ditargetkan meningkat sekitar 4% per tahun pada tahun 2014. Kendala utama dalam mewujudkan target tersebut adalah laju pertumbuhan somatik ikan gurame yang relatif rendah, yang membutuhkan waktu sekitar 1,5 tahun untuk mencapai ukuran konsumsi (300-500 gram). Target produksi tersebut dapat diwujudkan antara lain melalui penerapan peningkatan kecepatan pertumbuhan ikan gurame menggunakan protein hormon pertumbuhan rekombinan (rGH). Protein rGH telah terbukti mampu memacu pertumbuhan ikan, udang, dan kekerangan, sehingga berdasarkan hal tersebut percobaan ini dilakukan. rGH ikan mas (rCcGH) dan ikan kerapu kertang (rElGH) diekspresikan pada bakteri Escherichia coli strain BL21 (DE3), diekstraksi dan kemudian diujikan ke benih ikan gurame melalui perendaman untuk memacu pertumbuhannya. Jenis rGH yang memberikan efek pertumbuhan terbaik digunakan pada penelitian selanjutnya untuk menganalisis efeknya terhadap proses metabolisme dan ekspresi gen insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) dan growth hormone receptors (GHRs). Pada penelitian ini juga dilakukan kloning gen IGF-1 dan perancangan primer spesifik IGFs dan GHRs ikan gurame untuk analisis kuantitatif polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Pada tahap akhir penelitian dilakukan uji biokimia untuk mengevaluasi status nutrisi, potensi alergi, dan analisis performa otot daging dan beberapa organ dalam ikan gurame., Aquaculture production of giant gourami in Indonesia is targeted to increase by 4% per year. The main constraint to meet the goal is slow growth of giant gourami, Osphronemus goramy Lac, which takes nearly 1.5 years to grow to a market size of 300-500 g. The target can be achieved by using recombinant growth hormone (rGH) to enhance growth of juvenile. The research was divided into four chapters: (1) analysis of growth and biochemical responses of giant gourami juvenile immersed in recombinant Cyprinus carpio growth gormone with different dosages, (2) analysis of growth, metabolism, and molecular responses of giant gourami juvenile immersed by recombinant Epinephelus lanceolatus (rElGH) and Cyprinus carpio growth hormone (rCcGH), (3) cloning of insulinlike growth factor I (IGF-1) gene and designing specific primer for quatitative PCR (qPCR), (4) evaluation of nutritional properties, allergenic potential, and histological performance of giant gourami immersed with rElGH. The results showed that both rElGH and rCcGH could promote growth gain of juvenile giant gourami. The juveniles immersed by 0.03 mg L-1 rElGH was more efficient and effective to enhance the growth of giant gourami juvenile over 120 mg L-1 rCcGH. The rGH has gluconeogenesis effect, in the muscle and liver rGH stimulates triglyceride uptake by enhancing lipoprotein lipase (LPL) activity and its subsequent storage. The effects of rGH on carbohydrate metabolism may be mediated indirectly via the antagonism of insulin action.
Keyword: Giant gourami, growth hormone, immersion, growth, metabolism, IGF- 1, fatty acid, amino acid, histological performance, histamine

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: