Judul: Analysis and Design of Pay Structures and Scales for Medium Enterprises in the Culinary Sector in Bogor City
Abstrak: Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan No. 1 Tahun 2017 mewajibkan pengusaha untuk menyusun struktur dan skala upah (SSU) tetapi masih banyak usaha yang belum menerapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi sistem kompensasi yang diterima karyawan usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor, menganalisis perbandingan kompensasi pada usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor secara internal dan eksternal, dan menyusun struktur dan skala upah bagi usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor berdasarkan metode dua titik. Pengumpulan dan pengolahan data dilakukan pada Januari 2024 hingga Juni 2024. Jenis data meliputi data primer (wawancara, kuesioner) dan data sekunder dari website Pemerintahan dan literatur yang relevan. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, salary survey, salary mapping, dan metode dua titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata upah internal masih berada di bawah upah eksternal. Selain itu pada penelitian ini terdapat rekomendasi struktur dan skala upah yang dapat dijadikan acuan guna pengembangan UMKM.
Keyword: Compensation, Two-Point Method, Salary Survey, Wage Structure and Scale

Judul: Analysis and Design of Wage Structure and Scale in
Small Food and Beverage Businesses in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Di tengah pertumbuhan jumlah UMKM yang terus meningkat, diiringi juga dengan turnover intention karyawan dengan alasan kompensasi yang kurang adil. Hal ini terjadi karena belum tersusunnya Struktur dan Skala Upah di UKM tersebut . Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan Nomor 1 Tahun 2017 juga mewajibkan setiap Usaha memiliki Struktur dan Skala Upah dan akan dikenakan sanksi apabila melanggar. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah 1) Mengidentifikasi penerapan sistem kompensasi yang ada pada Usaha Kecil Kabupaten Bogor, 2) Menganalisis pemberian kompensasi secara internal dan eksternal, 3) Menyusun SSU bagi Usaha Kecil Kabupaten Bogor berdasarkan metode dua titik. Pengumpulan dan pengolahan data dilakukan pada Januari hingga Juli 2024 di 9 Usaha Kecil Kabupaten Bogor. Jenis dan Sumber data penelitian ini ialah data primer dan data sekunder. Metode yang digunakan ialah analisis deskriptif, salary survey, salary mapping dan metode dua titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap Usaha Kecil sudah menggaji karyawan sesuai Struktur dan Skala Upah Rekomendasi karena sudah dalam keadaan inpaid., Amid the growing number of MSMEs, there is also an increase in employee turnover intention due to perceived unfair compensation. This occurs because these SMEs have not yet established a Wage Structure and Scale. The Minister of Manpower Regulation No. 1 of 2017 also requires every business to have a Wage Structure and Scale, with sanctions for non-compliance. The objectives of this study are 1) To identify the implementation of existing compensation systems in Small Businesses in Bogor Regency, 2) To analyze internal and external compensation, 3) To develop a Wage Structure and Scale for Small Businesses in Bogor Regency based on the two-point method. Data collection and processing were conducted from January to June 2024 in 9 Small Businesses in Bogor Regency. The types and sources of data for this research are primary and secondary data. The methods used are descriptive analysis, salary survey, salary mapping, and the two-point method. The results show that each Small Business is already paying employees according to the Recommended Wage Structure and Scale as they are in an inpaid condition.
Keyword: Kompensasi, metode dua titik, usaha kecil, makanan dan minuman

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell