Judul: El Niño Modoki dan Dampaknya terhadap Keragaman Curah Hujan Pulau Jawa (Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Indramayu)
Abstrak: Indonesian farmers are currently struggling to face drought probles in the region of rice barn, one of which is Indramayu District located int he Java Island. One of main factors of the drought is perceived that there is warm pool concentrated in the middle of Pacific Ocean the so-called El Niño Modoki. However, its impacts to Indonesia region did not much investigated yet. Hereby, it is necessary to do analysis of the impact of El Niño and El Niño Modoki on Indonesia’s rainfall variability. The study focused on rainfall over 5 areas in Indramayu District, i.e. Bondan, Indramayu, Krangkeng, Anjatan, and Cikedung. Wavelet analysis of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) data Niño 3.4 and El Niño Modoki Index (EMI) along period of January 1979-December 2013 resulted differences in temporal characteristics. The composite rainfall anomalies, SSTA, anomalies of horizontal wind speed at altitude of 850hPa, and the Walker Circulation in the spatially El Niño and the El Niño Modoki years analyzed by GrADS software showed a decline trend of rainfall in the Java Islad along September-October to November (SON). Seasonal rainfall prediction model in the 5 observated areas using CPT software resulted the highest value of the principal component (PC) coefficient with high negative of EMI predictor variables in the SON season, which meant that the current El Niño Modoki caused a decline of rainfall in related season where the biggest influences occured in the Cikedung District (-0.53 ), while the PC coefficient with Niño 3.4 as variable also had high negative value in the SON season with the greatest influences occured in the Krangkeng District (-0.58).
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Rainfall, El Niño Modoki, El Niño, GrADS, CPT

Judul: Analisis Variabilitas Curah Hujan Indonesia pada Kejadian ENSO
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the countries which experiences El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on rainfall variability. The purpose of this study included to investigate the Indonesian climate variations related to ENSO events and to understand the effect of ENSO on rainfall temporal distributions at Indramayu (6.35°LS, 108.32°BT) and Tabing (0.88°LS, 100.35°BT). Composite analysis method was used to reveal the trend of sea surface temperature anomaly, wind at 850 hPa, OLR and TRMM 3B43 rainfall data, whereas temporal and correlation analysis was used to observe rainfall and nino-3.4 index. When El Niño sea surface temperature anomaly (ASPL) maximum in October-December, 850 hPa wind backwards from west to east along with increased speed and deviation of OLR below the average values in central and eastern equatorial Pacific which indicates the accumulation of rain cloud. La Niña occurrence is indicated by the deviations of sea surface temperature below average. Low pressure center in Asia reached 850 hPa winds and strengthened Walker circulation, the movement of the air mass brought moisture to Indonesia. Based on the composite of TRMM rainfall, it appeared that the El Niño events gave more significant impact at the end of the year (October to December) on East Indonesia, Java and parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan, while La Niña (December to February) in south and eastern part of Indonesia. Monsoonal pattern (Indramayu) showed ENSO impacts more strongly than equatorial (Tabing). The shift of dry season and low rainfall were affected by ASPL fluctuations on nino-3.4 region.
Keyword: TRMM, SPL, Rainfall, OLR, ENSO

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
Keyword: