Judul: Potential Active Compound Of White Turmeric (Curcuma  Zedoaria) as PLpro SARS-Cov-2’s Inhibitor by In Silico
Abstrak: SARS-CoV-2 yang menjadi penyebab COVID-19 diketahui mengkode dua protease, yaitu 3CL-Pro (protease utama) dan PLpro (Papain Like protease). PLpro berperan dalam proses pematangan replikasi virus dan dapat menghambat respon imun sel inang melalui penghilangan ubiquitin atau deubiquitinasi (DUBs). Hal ini menjadikan PLpro sebagai target obat yang baik. Kunyit putih (Curcuma zedoaria) merupakan tanaman herbal yang diketahui memiliki berbagai jenis bioaktivitas seperti antikanker dan antimikroba. Namun, belum pernah dilakukan penelitian terkait potensinya sebagai antivirus. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi senyawa tanaman kunyit putih dalam menghambat aktivitas proteolitik PLpro SARS-CoV-2 yang dimulai dengan analisis bioavaibilitas ligan, validasi dan penambatan molekuler terarah menggunakan YASARA Structure, analisis interaksi ligan-reseptor menggunakan Discovery Studio, dan visualisasi binding pose menggunakan PyMol. Seluruh ligan uji merupakan inhibitor kompetitif. Epicurzerenone merupakan ligan dengan potensi inhibisi terbaik berdasarkan energi ikatan sebesar -4.734 kkal/mol, interaksi, dan sisi aktif pengikatan. Kata kunci : kunyit putih, Papain Like Protease (PLpro), penambatan molekuler, SARS CoV-2., SARS-CoV-2, which causes COVID-19, is known to encode two proteases, namely 3CL-Pro (main protease) and PLpro (Papain Like protease). PLpro plays a role in the maturation process of viral replication and can inhibit host cell immune responses through ubiquitin removal or deubiquitination (DUBs). This makes PLpro a good drug target. White turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) is an herbal plant that is known to have various types of bioactivity such as anticancer and antimicrobial. However, no research has been conducted regarding its potential as an antiviral. This study aimed to examine the potential of white turmeric plant compounds in inhibiting the proteolytic activity of PLpro SARS-CoV-2 starting with analysis of ligand bioavailability, validation and directed molecular anchoring using YASARA Structure, analysis of ligand-receptor interactions using Discovery Studio, and visualization of binding poses using PyMol. All test ligands were competitive inhibitors. Epicurzerenone is the ligand with the best inhibitory potential based on the binding energy of -4.734 kcal/mol, interactions, and the active binding site. Keywords : molecular docking, Papain-like protease (PLpro), SARS CoV-2, white turmeric.
Keyword: kunyit putih, Papain Like Protease (PLpro), penambatan molekuler, SARS-CoV-2, molecular docking, white  turmeric

Judul: Analisis Potensi Senyawa Flavonoid pada Daun Salam sebagai Inhibitor Papain-Like Protease SARS-CoV-2 secara In Silico
Abstrak: SARS-CoV-2 menyandi enzim papain-like protease (PLpro) yang berperan dalam proses replikasi virus. Hal tersebut menjadikan enzim PLpro sebagai target penting dalam pengembangan obat antivirus yang baru. Daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) merupakan salah satu tanaman obat di Indonesia yang berasal dari famili Myrtaceae. Tanaman ini dilaporkan memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang potensial sebagai anti-SARS-CoV-2. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa flavonoid daun salam sebagai kandidat inhibitor enzim PLpro SARS-CoV-2 melalui uji in silico, serta menganalisis interaksi molekuler senyawa flavonoid tersebut dengan sisi aktif enzim PLpro. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penapisan virtual menggunakan perangkat lunak YASARA Structure. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 9 dari 11 senyawa uji memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap enzim PLpro, antara lain kuersitrin, mirisitrin, mirisetin, kuersetin, epigalokatekin-3-galat, delfinidin, malvidin, kuersetagetin, dan flavan-3-ol. Senyawa kuersitrin berpotensi sebagai inhibitor terbaik PLpro dengan energi ikatan sebesar -7.3450 kkal/mol dan konstanta disosiasi sebesar 4.13 x 106 pM, sehingga senyawa ini dapat dikembangkan sebagai obat anti SARS-CoV-2., SARS-CoV-2 encodes papain-like protease (PLpro) that plays an essential role in viral replication, making it an important target for developing new antiviral drugs. Bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) is one of the medicinal plants in Indonesia that comes from the Myrtaceae family. This plant is reported to contain flavonoids that are potential as antivirus SARS-CoV-2. This study aims to identify the flavonoid compounds of the bay leaf as a candidate for SARS-CoV-2 PLpro enzyme inhibitor through an in silico test, as well as to analyze the molecular interaction of flavonoid compounds with the active site of the PLpro enzyme. Virtual screening doing by the YASARA Structure software. As a result, 9 of the 11 analyze compounds have the potential to inhibit the activity of the PLpro enzyme, such as quercitrin, myricitrin myricetin, quercetin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, delphinidin, malvidin, quercetagetin, and flavan-3-ol. Quercitrin is the best compound that inhibits PLpro with a binding energy of -7.3450 kcal/mol and a dissociation constant of 4.13 x 106 pM, so it can be used as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development agent.
Keyword: bay leaf, flavonoid, PLpro, SARS-CoV-2, virtual screening

Judul: Socioeconomic and psychological variables influencing household debt
Abstrak: The overall objective of this study was to examine factors influencing total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. The study examined the impacts of both psychological (credit attitudes and perception of future income) and socioe- conomic variables on total debt, total debt payment and patterns of debt payments. A conceptual model for this study was developed by incorporating the theory of borrower risk, the economic and psychological economic theory of borrowing, and the results of previous studies. This model identifies socioeconomic and psycholog- ical variables that influence total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. Socioeconomic variables included in the model are gender, race, mari- tal status, employment status, household size, age, education, and household assets. Psychological variables are credit attitudes toward the use of credit, and perception of future income. This study used data from the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances. The survey was sponsored by the Federal Reserve in cooperation with some other federal agencies. Data for the survey were collected by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan between August 1989 and March 1990. dst ...
Keyword: Gender