Judul: Inflammatory Picture of the Digestive Tract from Domestic Chickens Infected with Worms
Abstrak: Peternakan unggas di Indonesia sangat beragam, salah satunya adalah peternakan ayam kampung. Ayam kampung (Gallus domesticus) merupakan sebutan ayam lokal yang ditemukan di seluruh wilayah Indonesia. Ayam kampung dapat terkena penyakit. Penyakit yang menyerang ayam kampung salah satunya yaitu infeksi parasit. Infeksi parasit biasanya terjadi di dalam usus halus. Salah satu parasit yang menyerang ayam kampung yaitu cacing Raillietina sp. Cacing yang hidup di usus halus akan menyerap nutrisi ayam. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis dan kuantitas sel radang pada usus halus ayam kampung yang terinfeksi cacing secara alami. Penelitian dilakukan mengamati gambaran histopatologi dari usus halus ayam kampung terinfeksi cacing yang didapat dari dua lokasi pasar yang berbeda di Jakarta yaitu Pasar Kebayoran Lama dan Pasar Pluit. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi serta menghitung jumlah sel radang yang muncul pada jaringan yaitu eosinofil, heterofil, basofil, limfosit, dan makrofag. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jumlah infiltrasi sel eosinofil paling umum ditemukan dan jumlahnya paling tinggi dibandingkan sel radang lainnya. Sel limfosit dan makrofag bukan sel radang yang dominan ditemukan pada jaringan usus. Jaringan usus ayam yang berasal dari Pasar Kebayoran Lama 1 memperlihatkan jumlah sel radang paling tinggi. Pada penelitian ini, sel eosinofil merupakan parameter infeksi alami cacing di jaringan usus. Jumlah sel radang yang ditemukan berbanding lurus dengan tingkat keparahan akibat infeksi cacing. Jumlah sel eosinofil serta kuantifikasi sel radang pada jaringan menjadi parameter dapat digunakan menjadi parameter tingkat infeksi cacing pada usus ayam., Free-range chicken farming is one of the many different types of poultry farming in Indonesia. The term "Kampung chicken" (Gallus domesticus) refers to local chickens found throughout Indonesia. Diseases can be contracted by free range chicken. Parasitic infection is one disease that affects free-range chicken. Parasitic infections most commonly occur in the small intestine. The Raillietina sp. helminth is a frequent parasite infecting free-range chickens. Helminths that reside in the small intestine will absorb the chicken's nutrition. The purpose ofthis study is to identify the kind and number of inflammatory cells in the small intestines of free-range hens that are naturally infected with helminths. The study used histopathological slides from the small intestines of helminth-infested village chickens collected from two separate market locations in Jakarta: Kebayoran Lama Market and Pluit Market. The number of inflammatory cells found in the tissue, including eosinophils, heterophils, basophils, lymphocytes, and macrophages, was counted and identified. According to the findings of this study, infiltrating eosinophil cells are the most prevalent and greatest in quantity when compared to other inflammatory cells. Lymphocytes and macrophages are not the most common inflammatory cells detected in intestinal tissue. Chicken intestinal tissue from Kebayoran Lama 1 Market had the most inflammatory cells. In this study, eosinophil cells are used as a measure of natural helminth infection in intestinal mucosa. The number of inflammatory cells detected is proportional to the severity of the helminth infection. The quantity of eosinophil cells and the quantification of inflammatory cells in tissue can be utilized to estimate the level of helminths infection in the chicken intestine.
Keyword: domestic chicken, inflammatory cells, Raillietina sp.

Judul: Prevalensi campylobacter jejuni pada karkas ayam dan pengembangan uji deteksinya
Abstrak: Chicken meat and eggs are the main source of animal protein in Indonesia because they are relative cheaper than cattle products. Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen predominantly found in chicken carcasses. C. jejuni causes gastroenteritis in humans, had a very low infectious dose that is easy to cause infection in humans. The study was aimed to (1) rapidly detect C. jejuni contamination in chicken carcass (2) determine the prevalence of contamination and quantitative analyse of the risk of thermophilic Campylobacter sp. when mishandling consume. (3) produce immune sera against the local isolates that can be used as a reagent for ELISA. A total of 298 chicken carcass samples sold in modern and traditional markets in the area of Jakarta, West Java (Bogor and Sukabumi) and Central Java (Kudus and Demak) were collected and attempted for isolation following ISO/ DIS 10272-1994 protocol, identification using biochemical API Campy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using hipO, glyA, fla, and 23S rRNA primer sets for species identification. The result is chicken carcasses sold in the sampling area both traditional markets and supermarkets are contaminated with C. jejuni and C. coli. Prevalence of Campylobacter sp. contamination on chicken carcasses was isolated by conventional (19.8%) and PCR (41.6%). The contamination rate of Campylobacter sp. on chicken carcasses sold in supermarkets, markedly 14.09% is higher than in traditional markets 5.70%. It is also confirmed that the prevalence for contamination of C. jejuni was higher than C. coli. Prevalence of C. jejuni contamination that sold in traditional markets 88.23% was higher than C. coli 11.76%. The prevalence of C. jejuni contamination in carcasses sold in swalayan was 78.57%. These were higher than contamination of C. coli that was identified by conventional methods 21.42%. Flagella and whole cell antigen purification from a local isolate of C. jejuni (C1) was done by glycine extraction and produced flagellar protein of 31 kDa. Animal immunization against flagellar protein extract induced higher specific antibody titers in chicken than rabbits and sheep. A probability model describing variability but not uncertainty was developed in beta-poisson model. The result is microorganism reduction 2 log cfu/gram and the output sof the model was the probability of illness per handling if the roasted chicken mishandled is 4 for 1 000 humans.
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Judul: Real Option Valuation Using Binomial Decision Trees.
Abstrak: A firm that decides to invest has a choice to invest in real assets. A method which is usually used in valuation of the project is discounted cash flow (DCF) method. But, this method can’t be used in projects that account for value of managerial flexibility, such as decision to suspend operations temporarily. Therefore, this kind of project needs to be assessed using real option. Real option valuation can be done in some ways, including the use of path-dependent simulation, as well as closed-form models like Black-Scholes model, partial differential equation, and binomial or multinomial approaches. In this paper, real option valuation using binomial decisions id discussed. Determination of the project value can be done in three steps. First, calculate the expected present value of the project. Next, calculate volatility of the project using Monte Carlo simulation. Last, construct a binomial tree to model the dynamics of the project value using the parameters of the stochastic process, and then add some decision nodes to model the project’s real options.
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