Judul: Study of Ecological Aspect of Locust migratory (Locusta migratoria L.) (Orthoptera : Acrididae) and the Application of BioInseticide in Regency of Timor Tengah Utara and Belu Province Nusa Tenggara
Abstrak: t.:Sorn is a staplefood, other than rice, for people of Nusa Tenggara Timur. This dt:dP is commonly cultivated in dry land area together with others crops such as rici cucumber, peanut, etc. In 2007/2008 migratory locust, (Locusta migratm-ia 1.,) attacked com and rice plantation in Kabupaten of Timor Tengah Utara .and Belu and damaging the majority of com and rice plantation. Due to this plagueliifood supplies for local people were threatened. In order to control this pest, a ltudy of ecology of migratory locust and their control method using Green Guard~ OO ULV (contain spores of Metarhizium anisopliae 1.) were conducted. The objctives of these researches were 1) to study the characteristic of migratory locust habitat; 2) to study the effect of soil moisture on locust egg hatching, 3) to study Iacust morphometry in relation to their phase development, 4) to study the efficac.,..i. of Green Guard® 300 ULV (GG) against migratory locust nymphs . Habita~haracteristic (vegetation, soil texture, and altitude) was observed in 34 sample3:treas (1 m2 ) in 5 Kecamatan. The effect soil moisture on egg hatching condu4d using clay, clay sandy loam, and sandy loam with soil moisture of 40%, ~%, 80% and 100%. In morphometric studies the length of elytra, the lengthl hind leg femur, and the width of head were measured. Efficacy of Green Guard 0300 UL V against L. migratoria conducted using GG 100%, GG 1 :50, GG 1: 100Q?-GG 1 :3000 (in vegetable oil) and control. The result showed that the highest egg pods laid was found at the area covered with grass in sandy clay soil with the altitude between 0-100 m above sea level. The highest percentage of egg hatching was found at clay sandy loam soil with the of moisture 80%. Morphometric studies revealed that between February to April 2009 there were more solitary individuals than transient, however some individuals belong to gregarious phase. The efficacy test of Green Guard® 300 UL V showed that the highest nymphs mortality was found on the concentration of 100% GG.
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Judul: Infestation Level of the Yellow Rice Stem Borer, (Scirpophaga incertulas) and its Parasitizing Level of Egg Parasitoid in Pacet  Subdistrict, Bandung Regency
Abstrak: Produksi padi di Indonesia setiap tahun mengalami penurunan yang salah satunya diakibatkan oleh organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT). Penggerek batang padi merupakan salah satu OPT yang seringkali menyebabkan penurunan hasil terutama di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Aplikasi insektisida merupakan salah satu upaya yang seringkali dilakukan oleh petani. Akan tetapi, penggunaan insektisida secara berlebihan dapat menimbulkan berbagai efek negatif baik terhadap lingkungan maupun konsumen. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penerapan konsep pengendalian hama secara terpadu (PHT). Salah satu upaya tersebut adalah dengan pemanfaatan musuh alami, yaitu parasitoid telur. Keberadaan hama maupun musuh alami sangat terpengaruh oleh lingkungan salah satunya ketinggian. Oleh karena itu penelitian dilaksanakan dengan tujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai intensitas serangan dan penyebaran populasi masing-masing parasitoid telur pada ketinggian 800 m dpl dan >1000 m dpl. Pengamatan dilakukan di Desa Pangauban dengan ketinggian 1087 m dpl dan Desa Tanjungwangi dengan ketinggian 866 m dpl, yang terletak di Kecamatan Pacet, Kabupaten Bandung. Ditentukan lahan pengamatan dari masing-masing lokasi, terdiri atas lahan pengambilan sampel kelompok telur dan lahan pengamatan kerusakan tanaman oleh penggerek batang padi kuning (PBPK). Setiap lokasi pengamatan ditentukan 5 petak yang memiliki ukuran 5 m 5 m dengan metode diagonal satu arah. Pengamatan dilakukan secara langsung dengan menghitung intensitas serangan pada 10 rumpun di masing-masing petak sebanyak 4 kali masa pengamatan. Kemudian dilakukan pengambilan kelompok telur setiap 2 minggu sekalisebanyak 4 kali pada lahan seluas 2 ha yang dibagi menjadi 4 bagian. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor lingkungan serta cara budi daya dapat memengaruhi intensitas serangan penggerek pada pengamatan 4 dan 6 minggu setelah tanam (MST). Faktor lingkungan juga memengaruhi spesies parasitoid yang ditemukan selama penelitian., Rice production in Indonesia has decreased every year, one of which is due to the presence of plant pest organisms (PPO). Rice stem borer is one of the pests that often causes a decrease in yield, especially in West Java Province. The application of insecticides is one of the efforts that are often carried out by farmers. However, excessive use of insecticides can cause various negative effects on both the environment and consumers. Therefore, it is necessary to apply the concept of integrated pest management (IPM). One of these efforts is the use of natural enemies, namely egg parasitoids. The presence of pests and natural enemies is greatly affected by the environment, one of which is altitude. Therefore, the research was carried out to obtain information about the intensity of attack and population distribution of each egg parasitoid at an altitude of 800 m asl and > 1000 m asl. Observations were made in Pangauban Village with an altitude of 1087 m asl and Tanjungwangi Village with an altitude of 866 m asl, which are located in Pacet District, Bandung Regency. The observation area was determined from each location, consisting of an egg group sampling area and observation area for plant damage by the yellow rice stem borer (YRSB). Each observation location was determined by 5 plots with a size of 5 m × 5 m using the one-way diagonal method. Observations were made directly by calculating the intensity of the attack on 10 clumps in each
Keyword: altitude, infestation levels, egg parasitoids, paddy

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular