Judul: The Effects of Activated Charcoal in Water Media on Vibrio parahaemolyticus-Infected Vaname Shrimp Survival and Immune Response
Abstrak: Produksi udang vaname memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Produksi udang vaname mengalami beberapa kendala, diantaranya yaitu penyakit vibriosis yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus dan penumpukan bahan organik. Pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengambat pertumbuhan bakteri yaitu dengan penmabahan antiiotik. Namun, penggunaan antibiotic yang berkelanjutan dapat menyebabkan berkembangnya strain vibrio yang resistan. Alternatif lain yang digunakan selain antibiotik yaitu pemberian arang aktif pada media budidaya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetehui efektivitas perendaman arang aktif pada media air dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Udang vaname yang digunakan yaitu udang vaname yang berukuran 5,57 gram. Udang diuji tantang menggunakan Vibrio parahaemolyticus selama 14 hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu kontrol positif (K+), kontrol negatif (K-), arang aktif 200 ppm, 300 ppm, dan 400 ppm. Perlakuan arang akif 200 ppm mampu memberikan respons imun yang baik terhadap udang, kelangsungan hidup yang baik, bentuk usus yang normal pada histopatologi organ usus, dan gambaran darah yang baik., Production of vannamei shrimp has significant economic importance. The vibriosis sickness brought on by Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection and the build up of organic debris were just two of the challenges faced during the manufacture of vannamei shrimp. Antibiotics can be added as a control measure to prevent bacterial growth. However, atibiotic can result in the emergence of vibrio strains that are resistant. The inclusion of activated charcoal in the culture mix is another option to antibiotics. This study looked at how varying doses of activated charcoal affected the immunological response of white vaname shrimp that had been exposed to V. parahaemolyticus. The vaname shrimp being utilized weigh 5.57 grams. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was used to challenge shrimp for 14 days. Treatments included activated charcoal at 200, 300, and 400 parts per million (ppm), positive control (K+), and negative control (K-). Shrimp that received treatment with 200 ppm activated charcoal had a good immunological response, good survival, normal intestinal shape on histopathology of intestinal organs, and satisfactory blood results.
Keyword: activated charcoal, challange test, V. Parahaemolyticus, white leg shrimp

Judul: Pengaruh Arang Aktif terhadap Kinerja Produksi dan Respons Imun Udang Vaname yang Diinfeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Vibrio parahaemolyticus merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyerang udang vaname dan menyebabkan penyakit Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) atau Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) pada udang. Alternatif untuk melakukan pencegahan dan penanganan infeksi bakteri pada udang yaitu dengan arang aktif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian arang aktif dengan dosis berbeda melalui pakan terhadap kinerja produksi dan respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi bakteri V. parahaemolyticus. Udang vaname berukuran 6,04 ± 0,13 gram per ekor dipelihara dengan kepadatan awal 50 ekor untuk setiap bak pemeliharaan, kemudian diberi pakan komersial yang telah dicampur dengan arang aktif selama 14 hari pemeliharaan. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus konsentrasi 107 CFU mL-1 setelah diberi perlakuan selama 14 hari. Kelangsungan hidup diamati selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan Kontrol (+) (pakan tanpa arang aktif dan diuji tantang V. parahaemolyticus), Kontrol (-) (pakan tanpa arang aktif dan diimersi phosphate buffer saline), pakan dengan arang aktif 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 dan diuji tantang V. parahaemolyticus. Pemberian arang aktif dengan dosis 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg- 1; 3 g kg-1 pakan mampu meningkatkan proteksi udang terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus dan menunjukkan respons imun serta gambaran histopatologi organ usus udang yang lebih baik. Perlakuan 2 g kg-1 pakan memberikan nilai kinerja pertumbuhan udang yang terbaik., Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterium that attacks white shrimp causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) or Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS). An alternative to prevent and treat bacterial infections in shrimp is activated charcoal. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of giving activated charcoal with different doses through feed on the production performance and immune response of vaname shrimp infected by V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. Vannamei shrimp measuring 6.04 ± 0.13 grams per head was reared with an initial density of 50 fish for each rearing tank. The shrimp was fed with commercial feed mixed with activated charcoal for 14 days of rearing. The challenge test was carried out by being infected with V. parahaemolyticus at a consentrasion of 107 CFU mL-1 after being treated for 14 days. Survival was observed for 14 days. This study consisted of five treatments and three replications, namely control (+) treatment (feed without activated charcoal and tested against V. parahaemolyticus), control (-) (feed without activated charcoal and phosphate buffered saline immersion), feed with activated charcoal 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 and tested against V. parahaemolyticus. The result showed that addition of activated charcoal with doses 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 of feed was able to increase the protection of shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection and showed a better immune response and histopathological picture of shrimp intestinal organs. Treatment of 2 g kg-1 feed gave the best value for shrimp growth performance.
Keyword: activated charcoal, bacteria, growth, immune, white leg shrimp

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology