Judul: Pengelolaan Data Spasial Darat Menggunakan Objectrelational Database Management Systems (ORDBMS)
Abstrak: Rela/ional Do/abase Managemenl Systems (RDBMS) hanya mendukung tipe data dasar dengan operasi yang terbatas sehingga tidak elisien untuk pengelolaan data kompeks, seperti data spasial darat. Dalam RDBMS, geometri dan atribut data spasial darat dimodelkan dalam beberapa tabel sehingga diperlukan banyak operasijoin antara tabel pada saat kueri data. Objec/-Relalional Da/abase Mcwagemelll Systems (ORDBMS) mendukung perluasan tipe data dasar, objek kompleks dan pewarisan, sehingga lebih elisien untuk pengelolaan data spasial darat. Dukungan tcrhadap perluasan tipe data dasar melalui mekanisme tipe data bentukan mcmungkinkan untuk mendelinisikan tipe data baru yang spesilik untuk data spasial darat. Dukungan terhadap objek kompleks melalui mekanisme array dan tipe data komposit memungkinkan untuk memodelkan masing: masing geometri dan atribut data spasial darat sebagai objek kompleks tanpa mcnguraikannya kedalam . bentuk atomik. Geometri data spasial darat dimodelkan dalam tipe data komposit MDSYS.SDO_GEOMETRY, sedangkan atributnya dimodelkan dalam satu tipe data komposit DARAT_ATTRJBUTE. Dukungan terhadap perluasan tipe data dasar melalui mekanisme fungsi bentukan memungkinkan untuk mendefinisikan metode akses bagi tipe data bentukan, array dan tipe data komposit sehingga manipulasi data menjadi lebih elisien. Pada tabel yang menyimpan seluruh . informasi data spasial darat, tipe data komposit MDSYS.SDO GEOMETRY dijadikan sebagai tipe data pada kolom yang menyimpan informasi geometri, sedangkan tipe data komposit DARAT_ATTRIBUTE dijadikan sebagai tipe data pada kolom yang menyimpan informasi atribut. Dengan menyimpan informasi geometri dan atribut data spasial darat kedalam satu tabel maka dapat mengurangi operasi join antara tabel pada saat kueri data. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ORDBMS memberikan pendekatan yang lebih baik dalam pengelolaan data spasial darat.
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Judul: Develoment of a spatial database management system using object-relation database and web technology
Abstrak: The increasing need of spatial data and the complexity of GIS analysis, has affected the importance of the availability GIS data as well as the method to provide the GIS data become a great challenge to meet the user needs. The utilization of Information Technology, especially Internet, has affected to the effectiveness of GIS data sharing, dissemination and how the data accessed and manipulated. Most of spatial database management manages the GIS data separate descriptive data management from geospatial data management (hybrid approach), which sometimes implies difficulties in data management such as querying, recovery, optimization and geometric computations. The objectives of this research are to; [1] develop a system of spatial database management using object-relational database and web technology, [2] develop a system and tools to store, access, retrieve and use the integrated spatial database. To avoid the weakness of hybrid approach, an integrated approach spatial database management system was used in this research. By taking the strength of Object Relational Database in managing complex process and complex querying, a web based application has been built to provide the front-end application to access GIS data through Internet/Intranet. The application system has some functionality such as: spatial database and meta- database management, spatial data and metadata catalog and presentation, and user management. By using this application system, both of data type can be managed in integrated approach, which means that all data stored within the same database management system, and keep the close relation between spatial data and attribute data or metadata. This approach is much better than hybrid approach in spatial database management system. Currently, the application system only handle shapefile data format. Even the map file and legend can generate dynamically (on the fly) by the application, but it is limited for geomorphology theme only. It is recommended to improve these capabilities to accept more different data format and improve the data sharing function (clearinghouse) by applying Z.39 protocol...dst
Keyword: Spatial database management, Object relational database, Database normalization, Geospatial metadata

Judul: Sintesis Nitril Satu-Wadah dari Asam Lemak Jenuh
Abstrak: Nitrile is an important intermediate for fine-chemicals industries. In particular, fatty nitriles can be used for the production of bio-based surfactants, lubricant oils, and other high-valued chemicals. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient synthesis method for direct conversion of saturated fatty acids into their nitrile analogues. This study was expected to enhance the economical value of crude palm oil and crude palm kernel oil. The synthesis was conducted in one-pot reaction by refluxing fatty acid and excess of acetonitrile in acidic condition. The optimum condition for this reaction was at 115 °C for 24 hours with yields of 50, 50, 70, and 75% for lauric acid (C-12), myristic acid (C-14), palmitic acid (C-16), and stearic acid (C-18), respectively. Purity of the fatty nitriles obtained through this method were confirmed by thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and melting-points.
Keyword: one-pot synthesis, fatty nitrile, fatty acid