Judul: Analisis Peranan Kemitraan terhadap Rantai Nilai Sapi Potong Peternakan Rakyat di Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: The smallscale domestic beef catte producers have supplied only 70 percent of the national neeed (Ditjennak 2008).This condition potentially caused problem to meet the increasing demand of beef. Smallholder farmers have special characteristics that raise livestock traditionally with a limited scale. The existence of such characteristics can cause problems in the beef marketing chain. Domestic beef marketing chain in Indonesia is identified as a long marketing chain by the number of middlemen. Many market participants from centers of production to centers of consumption causes the magnitude margins and high transaction costs. Thus, the performance of marketing system is inefficient and lead to higher beef prices. Value chain analysis is an analysis that summarizes the marketing activities and the ability of the institutions supporting marketers in accessing environment. The most important thing in the value chain analysis is a relationship management / coordination among the actors of the starting raw material to the finished product. One strategy that can improve the quality of the relationship / coordination is a partnership. With the partnership, the chain becomes shorter marketing so that value chain performance can be improved. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to: 1) describe the role of the value chain of the beef marketing chain formation, 2) analyze the role of marketing partnerships on the performance of actors in the value chain of beef cattle, 3) analyze the cost structure and marketing margins are formed in chains value of beef cattle. The research was conducted in the District Wanayasa, Banjarnegara, Java Tengah.Peternak selected based on the scale of effort, time and transactions made during the transaction. The analysis used is the value chain model adapting Kaplinsy & Morris (2000). The first phase of the analysis is the entry point of analysis is the analysis of the business characteristics of the cattle farmers, the next is the mapping value chain, in this analysis mapped marketing channels and institutions or actors involved, the final analysis is the analysis of value chain performance (performance) that analyzes the performance of actor in accessing supportive environment and marketing efficiency was calculated through marketing margins, farmers share, a matter of profit / cost, and the ratio R / C. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of farmers (entry point), farmers are not partnered cattle ranchers seek independent both of production and marketing, so that all risks and benefits borne alone. Parnership farmers are keeping cattle, meanwhilethe other party provided the capital such as breeding . System developed in partnership Wanayasa District is rowdy or systems can be classified as a partnership Operational Sustainability (KOA). In tis partnership type, there are to parties, farmers and capital owner. Capital owner is a big farmers/traders who provide cattle and guarantee the marketing of beef cattle. Meanwhile farmers obligate to provide input of beef cattle farming and sell cattle to te capital owners. Furthermore, the characteristics of both farmers who work in partnership system and farmers who do not work in the partnership scheme vii specify the number of partner agencies and the length of the channel is formed. Based
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Judul: Marketing Analysis of Beef Cattle in Napis Village, Tambakrejo District, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java.
Abstrak: Sapi potong merupakan salah satu dari delapan produk yang fokus dikembangkan sebagai bahan makanan pokok nasional untuk dikonsumsi dagingnya. Harga sapi potong cenderung berfluktuatif dan memilki marjin pemasaran yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemasaran dan tingkat efisiensi pemasaran. Metode penggumpulan data menggunakan simple random sampling untuk peternak dan snowball sampling untuk lembaga pemasaran. Hasil analisis menunjukan saluran yang relative lebih efisien adalah saluran 3 (peternak-pedagang pengumpul-pedagang pemotong lokal). Indikator efisiensi pemasaran adalah marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share, rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya, daya serap komoditas, fungsi-fungsi pemasaran, perilaku pasar, serta hubungan kerjasama antar lembaga yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pemasaran sapi potong di Desa Napis.
Keyword: Marketing efficiency, Beef cattle, Marketting channel, Cooperation relationship, Snowball sampling, Collecting breeders

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity