Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Uncontrolled land and forest fires have caused an enormous environmental losses in terms of economical, ecological and political aspects. The main objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate the method of economic valuation of environmental damage caused by land and forest fires. The study was conducted in the National Park of Bukit Baka (230 ha), Natural Recreation Park of Baning (59.5 ha), Industrial Forest Plantation of Finantara Intiga (15 ha), Industrial Forest Plantation of Inhutani III (12,452 ha), TCSDP Plantation of Nanga Pinoh (76 ha) and community plantation (91.20 ha) with the sample of 42 ha and 250 respondents. The data analysis used were the approach of market price, productivity, shadow price, replacement cost, income losses, health costs, transfer benefit, contingent valuation method, canonical correlation, structural equation model and system analyses. The study showed that land and forest fires give different impacts. Therefore, the choice of methods should be in accordance with criteria and stages of valuation. The total economical losses caused by fires in 1997 was 53.91 billion rupiahs which was 175 million rupiahs in the sample area or of 4.17 million rupiahs/ha in the average. It was an increasing of 69.64% in the year of 2003. The biggest loss occurred in the forest area with conservation and natural preservation functions. On the other hand, in terms of the benefit, the biggest loss was in the direct benefit. It is because not all indirect benefit was valuated in this study. The declining of people’s health was the biggest loss in terms of haze from land and forest fires. However, those fire impact did not disturbed the cooperation with other countries but only the transaction costs. Both of the natural and human factor influence of land and forest fire simultaneously with ã = -0.192 and ã = -0.462. Rainfall, temperature, humidity, the using of fire, attention and involving of the community toward fire and mitigation effort showed the most significant effect on forest fire (á = 0.05) with 73% of model validity level. Therefore, the alternatives of policy to prevent land and forest fires are the implementation of optimistic scenario by preventing the using of fire, the improvement of fire mitigation efforts, ratification of AATHP and strengthening the cooperation with other countries in controlling land and forest fires.
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Judul: Economic Analysis of Biodiversity Loss from Forest and Land Fires in Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park
Abstrak: Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Taman Nasional Bukit Tiga Puluh (TNBT) terjadi akibat faktor manusia dan faktor alam. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang terjadi di TNBT pada tahun 2021 seluas 20,5 ha mengancam kerusakan pada biodiversitas yang ada didalamnya. Dampak dari kejadian kebakaran hutan dan lahan berpengaruh terhadap kerugian ekonomi akibat kehilangan keanekaragaman hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis biodiversity loss dari kebakaran hutan menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif, mengestimasi nilai ekonomi biodiversitas akibat kebakaran hutan menggunakan metode perhitungan biaya pemulihan dan menganalisis strategi yang perlu dilakukan untuk mengembalikan biodiversitas pasca kebakaran hutan menggunakan metode PROMETHEE. Hasil analisis deskriptif kualitatif menunjukkan bahwa peristiwa kebakaran di TNBT mengakibatkan keanekaragaman hayati yang hilang yaitu ekosistem sepeti semak belukar. Hasil penelitian dengan metode perhitungan biaya pemulihan menunjukkan nilai kerugian keanekaragaman hayati dari 20,5 hektar lahan yang terbakar pada tahun 2021 sebesar Rp124.401.279, nilai pelepasan karbon sebesar Rp45.717.470, nilai hilangnya unsur hara sebesar Rp199.905.127 dan nilai pengaturan tata air sebesar Rp1.168.295.077. Total nilai kerugian ekonomi hutan kawasan TNBT yaitu sebesar Rp 1.538.318.952 pada tahun 2021. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan metode PROMETHEE menunjukkan bahwa alternatif IV yaitu pengembangan penangkaran fauna sebagai alternatif yang diprioritaskan., Forest and land in Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park, specifically Bukit Tiga Puluh National Park (TNBT) occur due to human factors and natural factors. Forest and land fires that occur in the TNBT area of 20,5 km2 threaten to damage the biodiversity inside. Forest and land fires affects economic losses due to loss of biodiversity. This study aims to know the type of biodiversity loss from forest fires using qualitative descriptive analysis methods, estimate the economic value of biodiversity due to forest fires using the restoration cost calculation method and analyze strategies that need to be carried out to restore biodiversity after forest fires using the PROMETHEE method. The results of the qualitative descriptive analysis show that the fire incident in TNBT resulted in the loss of biodiversity, namely ecosystems such as shrubs.The results of the research using the restoration cost calculation method show that the value of loss of biodiversity in 2021 is IDR 124.401.279, the value of carbon release is IDR 45.717.470, the value of nutrients loss is IDR199.905.127 and the value of water management is IDR 1.168.295.077. The total economic loss value of the forest in the TNBT area is IDR 1.538.318.952 per year. The results of the study using the PROMETHEE method showed that alternative IV, namely the development of fauna captivity as a priority alternative.
Keyword: Restoration Cost, Biodiversity, Damage, Economics Loss, PROMETHEE

Judul: Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules Formation for Leydig Cells Encapsulation
Abstrak: Hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by low concentrations of testosterone. It is caused by malfunction of Leydig cells in producing testosterone. Encapsulation method will protect the transplanted cells from the immune system rejection. The aims of this study was to optimize the formation of microcapsules for Leydig cells encapsulation. The microcapsules were made of alginate and chitosan as the first and the second coating agents, respectively. The result showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with a viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230-270 µm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted spherical microcapsule with mechanical stability in 4 hours. Leydig cells can be trapped inside the capsule with a density that proportional with concentration of cells used in the encapsulation.
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