Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Bahan Koagulan, Lama Retensi dan Perbandingan Gas - Liquid pada Penanganan Limbah Cair Industri Kertas dengan Flotasi
Abstrak: Limbah c a i r i n d u s t r i k e r t a s mengandung padatan tersuspensi, warna, bau dan kekeruhan yang mencemarkan lingkungan, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan t e r l e b i h dahulu sebelum dibuang ke badan air. Salah s a t u a l t e r n a t i f penanganan l i m - bah c a i r adalah dengan f l o t a s i .
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Judul: Telaah Toksisitas Hasil Pengolahan limbah Cair Industri Pula Dan Kertas Dengan Cara Kimiawi Terhadap Daphnia carinata King
Abstrak: Limbah cair industri pulp dan kertas mempunyai daya cemar yang cukup tinggi. Bahan pencemar yang dikeluarkan oleh industri ini umumnya berasal dari kayu, bahan baku lain, dan dari bahan kimia yang digunakan dalam proses. Limbah cair industri ini mengandung padatan tersuspensi, zat organik dan zat anorganik. Disamping itu pH, warna, bau serta senyawa beracun yang terkandung di dalamnya dapat pula menimbulkan pengaruh yang merugikan. Oleh karena itu limbah cair ini perlu diolah terlebih dahulu sebelum dibuang ke lingkungan. Pengolahan limbah ada berbagai cara, salah satu diantaranya adalah cara kimiawi dengan proses koagulasi dan flokulasi. Proses koagulasi membutuhkan koagulan yang akan merubah suspensi koloid menjadi labil sehingga akan terjadi kontak antar partikel koloid yang memudahkan pengendapan parti- kepartikel tersebut. Flokulasi merupakan suatu proses pembentukan jembatan antara partikel yang labil akibat proses koagulasi. Proses koagulasi yang diikuti proses flokulasi akan meningkatkan laju pengendapan flok. ...
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates