Judul: Pengaruh pengambilan area contoh dan klasifikasinya terhadap ketelitian delineasi dan penyambungan hasil klasifikasi penutup lahan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh pengambilan area contoh dalam penyusunan fungsi klasifikasi dan hasil klasifikasinya, diwujudkan dalam bentuk keteliti- an delineasi kelas penutup lahan dan batas penyambungan ha- sil klasifikasi. Pemilihan lokasi penelitian di daerah kecamatan Cicurug dan sekitarya, Jawa Barat dilakukan dengan harapan bahwa keadaan penutup lahan/penggunaan lahan ini bisa mewa- kili daerah lain khususnya di Jawa yang masih sangat kompleks...
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Judul: Transformasi citra landsat TM dan pengaruhnya terhadap ketelitian klasifikasi penutupan/penggunaan lahan: Studi kasus Sub DAS Cimuara-Cibeureum, kawasan DAS Cimanuk Hulu, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Penggunaan data citra satelit semakin meningkat seiring dengan kemudahan yang ditawarkan oleh teknologi penginderaan jauh. Landsat TM merupakan salah satu varian dari Landsat yang telah ada sebelumnya. Dalam pemanfaatannya teknologi ini memerlukan penanganan data yang baik dan benar khususnya apabila ingin memperoleh hasil analisis yang akurat. Oleh karena itu banyak teknik pengolahan yang dapat dilakukan salah satunya dengan teknik manipulasi transformasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh transformasi citra terhadap tingkat ketelitian klasifikasi penutup lahan serta memperoleh kombinasi transformasi dan band yang ideal untuk mendapatkan informasi yang optimal mengenai penutupan lahan. Teknik transformasi yang digunakan adalah Principal Component Analysis (PCA) dan indeks vegetasi (VI dan NDVI). Dengan teknik PCA diharapkan dapat mengeliminir duplikasi informasi yang terjadi akibat dari korelasi kuat antar band pada citra asli, sehingga informasi yang diperoleh tidak bias. Sedangkan transformasi indeks vegetasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola penyebaran vegetasi yang ada sehingga memudahkan didalam mengamati pola penyebaran penutupan lahan dominan…dst
Keyword: citra satelit, landsat TM, VCA, tataguna lahan, analisis digital

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable