Judul: Analysis of Sheep Livestock Business Income in Banten Province
Abstrak: sahaternak domba merupakan salah satu usahaternak yang paling banyak diminati oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Usahaternak domba juga merupakan alternatif yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk meningkatkan pendapatan atau penghasilan sehari-harinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur biaya, penerimaan, dan pendapatan dari usaha peternakan domba di Provinsi Banten. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan, analisis R/C ratio, analisis deskriptif, dan analisis uji beda. Perhitungan biaya, penerimaan, dan pendapatan usahaternak domba dilakukan berdasarkan skala usaha untuk memudahkan perhitungan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usahaternak domba skala kecil dan skala besar memberikan keuntungan bagi para peternak domba karena nilai R/C ratio memiliki nilai lebih dari satu. Nilai R/C ratio usahaternak domba skala kecil sebesar 1.31 dan nilai R/C ratio usahaternak domba skala besar sebesar 1.17. Analisis uji beda menunjukkan bahwa biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, dan R/C ratio atas total biaya usahaternak domba skala kecil dan skala besar tidak memiliki perbedaan dan memiliki nilai yang hampir sama., The sheep livestock business is one of the most popular livestock businesses in Indonesia. The sheep business is also an alternative for Indonesians to increase their daily income or income. This study aims to analyze the structure of costs, revenues, and income from sheep farming in Banten Province. The methods used are income analysis, R/C ratio analysis, descriptive analysis, and difference test analysis. The calculation of costs, revenues and income of the sheep business is carried out based on the business scale to facilitate calculations. The results of this study indicate that small-scale and large-scale sheep farming provide benefits for sheep breeders because the R / C ratio has a value of more than one. The value of R/C ratio for small scale sheep farming was 1.31 and the value of R/C ratio for large scale sheep farming was 1.17. The analysis of the difference test shows that the costs, revenues, income, and R/C ratio of the total costs of small-scale and large-scale sheep farming have no difference and have almost the same value.
Keyword: business scale, income analysis, R/C ratio, sheep livestock business

Judul: Analysis of Small-Scale and Large-Scale Dairy Farming Income in East Java Province
Abstrak: Sapi perah merupakan hewan ternak utama penghasil susu. Di Indonesia khususnya Jawa Timur peternakan sapi perah didominasi oleh peternakan skala kecil sehingga belum mampu mencukupi kebutuhan susu nasional. Selain itu, peternakan skala kecil diduga kurang menguntungkan dan bahkan dapat merugikan peternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan usahatani peternakan sapi perah berdasarkan skala usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yang bersumber dari Sensus Pertanian 2013: Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Peternakan Tahun 2014 yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dengan jumlah responden 570 peternak. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis struktur biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, dan R/C ratio. Responden dibagi menjadi dua kelompok skala usaha berdasarkan jumlah ternaknya, yaitu peternakan skala kecil dengan jumlah sapi perah ≤5 ekor dan skala besar <5 ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peternakan skala besar lebih menguntungkan, karena total pendapatan per ekor usahatani skala besar lebih besar daripada skala kecil. Selain itu, skala besar lebih efisien daripada skala kecil karena nilai R/C ratio skala besar juga lebih tinggi daripada skala kecil., Dairy cows are the main livestock producing milk. In Indonesia, especially East Java, dairy farming is dominated by small-scale farms so that it has not been able to meet the national milk needs. In addition, small-scale livestock is thought to be less profitable and even detrimental to farmers. This study aims to analyze the income of dairy farming based on business scale. This study used secondary data from Sensus Pertanian 2013: Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Peternakan Tahun 2014 has been done by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) with 570 dairy farmer as respondents. The analytical method used is the analysis of the cost structure, revenue, income, and R/C ratio. Respondents were divided into two groups of business scale based on the number of livestock, namely small scale farms with ≤5 head of dairy cows and large scale <5 heads. The results showed that large-scale livestock was more profitable, because the total income per head of large-scale farming was greater than that of small scale. In addition, large scale is more efficient than small scale because the value of R/C ratio on large scale is also higher than small scale.
Keyword: Cost structure, Income, Revenue, R/C ratio

Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Nanopartikel Magnetik Fe3O4-Hidroksiapatit untuk Rekayasa Jaringan Tulang.
Abstrak: Composite membrane implants from biodegradable and biocompatible polymers such as chitosan, added with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticleshydroxyapatite (MHAP) is an alternative that is appropriate for bone tissue engineering. The MHAP was first synthesized using coprecipitation method with 3 different composition, with the ratio of Fe3O4 : hydroxyapatite is 3:7, 4:6, and 5:5 by mass. The composite membrane chitosan-MHAP (MK K-MHAP) was then synthesized by mixing a chitosan solution and the best MHAP composition (10, 20, 30, and 40% w/w of the mass of chitosan). Characterization using X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of Fe3O4 and hydroxyapatite phase on the MHAP. The magnetic saturation value and size of Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles increase with the increasing Fe3O4 composition in MHAP and MK K-MHAP which characterized based on its magnetic hysteresis and particle size distribution curve, respectively. The morphology of the best composition of MHAP composite was analysed using transmission electron microscope. Molecular interactions in MK K-MHAP was characterized based on infrared spectra. Immersion test of MK K-MHAP showed optimum state at 30% mass MHAP composition in chitosan matrix with calcium concentration released about 1000 ppm within 144 hours.
Keyword: biomedical, chitosan, composite membrane, hydroxyapatite, magnetite