Judul: Efek Fotovoltaik Lapisan Tipis CdS (Cadmium Sulfide) Pada Sistem Sel Surya Fotoelektrokimia
Abstrak: Karakterisasi XRD dilaknkan unluk mengetahui struktur kristal yang muncul pada sampellapisan tipis yang dideposisi. Dari hasil XRD diperoleh bahwa lapisan tipis CdS berhasil dideposisi pada substrat TCO (Sn02) dengan smktm hexagonal. hal tersebut diperlihatkan dengan adanya puncak-puncak CdS yang terdeteksi antara lain: Sampel A2 berada pada 20 = 27.045 (002); 37.887 (102) dan 43.253 (110) dengan masing-masing d = 3.2942; 2.3727 dan 2.0899. Sampel CI berada pada 28 = 26.557 (002); 37.832 (102) dan 43.795 (110) dengan masing-masing d = 3.3536; 2.3760 dan 2.0653. Sampel C2 berada pada 28 = 26.611 (002); 37.887 (102) dan 43.850 (110) dengan masing-masing d = 3.3469; 2.3727 dan 2.0629. Puncak -puncak CdS yang dihasilkan memperlihatkan bahwa lapisan tipis yang dihasilkan CdS polikristalin.
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Judul: Pembuatan Sel Surya Hybrid p-n Heterojunction Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) / Poly(2-Methoxy-5-(2-Ethyl-Hexyloxy)-1,4-Phenylenevinylene
Abstrak: Dalam penelitian ini sel surya dengan struktur p-n dari cadmium sulfide (CdS) dan Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV). Penggunaan polimer ini diharapkan dapat menghasilkan sel surya yang lebih ramah lingkungan dan biaya produksi yang relatif lebih murah. Penelitian ini meliputi beberapa tahap yaitu pembuatan lapisan tipis CdS, karakterisasi spektrofotometer, karakterisasi XRD, pembuatan lapisan Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) ditambah PEG, dan karakterisasi sel surya. Dari hasil karakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer diperoleh nilai celah energi cadmium sulfide (CdS) sebesar 2,41 eV, nilai celah energi Poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene (MEH-PPV) sebesar 2,08 eV. Hasil karakterisasi XRD menunjukkan bahwa lapisan cadmium sulfide (CdS) sudah berhasil ditumbuhkan pada kaca ITO ditunjukkan oleh terbentuknya kristal cadmium sulfide (CdS) dengan sudut 27.02280, 21.76210dan 25.71470. Pengukuran tegangan dan arus listrik sel merupakan parameter penting dalam melihat apakah sel surya yang dibuat layak dipakai atau tidak. Parameter lain yang sangat penting dalam melihat kinerja sel surya adalah nilai fill factor (ff). Nilai ff yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,36. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukan nilai yang masih rendah dibanding dengan nilai yang dibutuhkan untuk sel surya komersil 0,4 -0,7
Keyword: solar cell, CdS, MEH - PPV, spetrophotometer

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates