Judul: Optimasi Kondisi Produksi Enzim Amilase dari Bakteri Laut Bacillus sp.
Abstrak: enzyme amylase. Microbial community is the largest marine biomass that enables many new sources producing enzyme. This study aimed to determine the optimum state of environmental conditions and nutrient media production of marine bacterium Bacillus sp. Various parameters such as substrate concentration, pH production, fermentation temperature, co-substrate, and nitrogen sources have been determined the optimal conditions. The method used is the spectrophotometric method. The maximum production of amylase enzyme obtained at a concentration of 1% starch substrate, pH 7, 30°C, maltose as co-substrate production, and casein as a nitrogen source with a value most optimum amylase enzyme activity, respectively for 2.547 U/mL, 2.109 U/mL, 2.414 U/mL, 2.675 U/mL, and the last 2.335 U/mL.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), temperature., substrate, pH, optimization, nitrogen source, co-substrate, Bacillus sp., amylase activity

Judul: Optimasi produksi amilase menggunakan baakteri mesofilik isolat lokal mil 10
Abstrak: Amilase adalah enzim yang mampu menghidrolisis ikatan a-1,4 glikosidik pada pati. Enzim ini sering disebut enzim amilolitik karena kemampuannya menghidrolisis dua komponen utama pati yaitu amilosa dan amilopektin. Amilosa merupakan polimer linier sekitar 1 000 unit D-glukosa dengan ikatan a-1,4 glikosidik dan beberapa percabangan ikatan a-1,6. Amilopektin merupakan polimer yang sama dengan ikatan didominasi oleh percabangan a-1,6 glikosidik (Prave et. al., 1987). Kebutuhan amilase untuk industri dalam negeri masih harus diimpor. Tahun 1996 jumlah impor enzim sebesar 2 490 396 kg yang senilai dengan 12 181 608 dolar AS (Biro Pusat Statistik, 1997). Penggunaan enzim ini terutama didominasi oleh kelompok industri pangan dan tekstil serta sedikit industri obat-obatan. Mengingat ketergantungan dari impor tersebut, maka perlu diupayakan pengembangan industri enzim dalam negeri. Indonesia memiliki keragaman hayati yang sangat kaya dan penghasil bahan-bahan berpati yang sangat besar. Bahan-bahan tersebut sangat berpotensi apabila dimanfaatkan sebagai substrat mikroba penghasil enzim terutama amilase. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pemanfaatan bahan berpati yaitu pati tapioka sebagai pemerkaya media untuk memproduksi amilase, penentuan kondisi kultivasi (agitasi, aerasi dan lama kultivasi) yang optimal dalam memproduksi amilase dengan menggunakan bakteri mesofilik isolat lokal MII10 (Bacillus licheniformis), serta penentuan parameter kinetika kultivasi dan reologi cairan kultivasi sebagai dasar penggandaan skala produksinya...
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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