Judul: Kandungan Fitokimia, Aktivitas Antioksidan, dan Sitotoksisitas Ekstrak Buah Harendong (Melastoma affine D. Don).
Abstrak: Melastoma affine D. Don fruit is predicted to contain active compounds such as phenolic and flavonoid that act as antioxidant. The aim of the study were to analyze chemical compound, to explore the extract that has potential function as antioxidant, and cytotoxicity test of Melastoma affine D. Don fruit extract. Component of Phytochemical both crude extracts unripe and ripe Melastoma affine D. Don fruit included alkaloid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, phenol, and tannin. Quantitative measurement of total phenols and flavonoids in 6 types extract which highest total phenol was 96% ethanol extract of the unripe fruit was 189.56 mg/g, while the highest content of total flavonoid was 70% ethanol extract of the unripe fruit was 225.50 mg/g. the best extract to inhibit the free radical DPPH by 50% was 70% ethanol extract of the unripe fruit by IC50 was 0.01 ppm. All extracts were not toxic against Artemia salina Leach or inactive for testing anticancer because the LC50 values were more than 1000 ppm.
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Judul: Active Fraction of Melastoma affine D. Don Fruit Extract as Inhibitor of Xanthine Oxidase
Abstrak: Gout atau penyakit asam urat adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh kadar asam urat darah yang tinggi yang menyebabkan penumpukan di bagian sendi. Pengobatan asam urat dengan allopurinol bertujuan menghambat kerja xantin oksidase yang berperan sebagai enzim pembentuk asam urat. Namun obat ini memiliki efek samping yang merugikan. Tanaman herbal adalah sumber alternatif yang dapat dijadikan sebagai obat asam urat yang lebih aman. Beberapa senyawa flavonoid telah dilaporkan sebagai inhibitor xantin oksidase. Buah harendong mentah (Melastoma affine D. Don) memiliki potensi sebagai inhibitor xantin oksidase karena mengandung total flavonoid yang tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi senyawa flavonoid ekstrak etanol 70% buah harendong, juga aktivitasnya dalam menghambat xantin oksidase. Sampel diekstrak dengan etanol 70% dan difraksinasi dengan pelarut n-heksana, n-butanol, etil asetat, dan air untuk memperoleh fraksi n-heksana, n-butanol, etil asetat, dan air. Masing-masing fraksi diukur dengan menguji daya inhibisi terhadap xantin oksidase untuk mendapatkan fraksi aktif., Gout occurs when uric acid is high in blood and is accumulate in joint as uric acid crystal. Uric acid treatment by allopurinol aims to inhibit xanthine oxidase activity which has a role in synthezise of uric acid. However, this drug has bad side effect. Medicinal plant is alternative source that can be used as uric acid drug with no bad side effect. Some of flavonoid compounds from plant had been reported as inhibitor of xanthine oxidase. Melastoma affine unripe fruit has a potent as xanthine oxidase inhibitor because this sample has high total flavonoid compound. The aim of this research were to isolate and identify flavonoid compound of Melastoma affine fruit extract, as well as xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity. Sample was extracted by 70% ethanol and fractionated by n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, and water solvents to gain n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, and water fractions. Each fractions were determined by inhibition assay of xanthine oxidase to get the active fraction.
Keyword: flavonoid, Melastoma affine, xanthine oxidase, inhibitor

Judul: Zero-inflated negative binomial models in small area estimation.
Abstrak: The problem of over-dispersion in Poisson data is usually solved by introducing prior distributions which lead to negative binomial models. Poisson data sometime is also suffered by excess zero problems, a condition when data contains too many zero or exceeds the distribution's expectation. Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) method can be utilized to solve such problems. This paper demonstrates the adaption of ZINB methods in Small Area Estimation with excess zero data. It is shown that the excess zero problem has substantially influenced the Empirical Bayes (EB) estimates, and the adaption of ZINB methods has improved the precision and reliability of the estimates. Key Words: Small Area Estimation, Zero-Inflation, Poisson-Gamma, Negative Binomial Regression, Empirical Bayes
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