Judul: Secondary endospermic embryos induction of gedong gincu mango clone 289.
Abstrak: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) conventional breeding has constrain because of llong juvenile phase, small number of seeds obtained and high cross pollination. Mango is considered to be a difficult plant species to handle in breeding programe. Biotechnology is one of solution technique for the development of mango fruits to produce superior clone through in vitro cloning culture of endosperm. The mango clone used in this research had agronomy properties and best fruit quality, namely clone 289 from variety of Gedong Gincu as designated by Ministry of Agriculture Republic of Indonesia. This research was aimed to develop mango triploid plant with smaller seed size through cell propagation of secondary endospermic embryos of Gedong Gincu mango clone 289 to produce seedlings. The experiment composed of three steps: 1) induction of secondary endospermic embryos of Gedong Gincu mango clone 289, 2) morphological variance and histological analysis of secondary endospermic embryos of Gedong Gincu mango clone 289 and 3) kanamycin antibiotic selection of endospermic embryos of Gedong Gincu mango clone 289. Optimal proliferation media for formation of secondary endospermic embryos, that was media with addition of poly vinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) 1 g/l. Maturation occured on media with addition of benzyl amino purine 0.4 mg/l with inoculum from proliferation media with addition of activated charcoal 2 g/l gave the best embryos formation of cotyledonary phase. Embryo germination occured on medium with addition of 1.5 mg/l gibberelic acid 3. Secondary endospermic embryos which was cultured on solid media composing of various sizes and colors of embryos during a period of culture. The size of the embryo reach 2.58 with normal embryos development 3.09 during a culture time. Color composition change over the period of culture, the embryo percentages were 31% green, greenish white embryo 67%, and white 2%. Medium with 100 mg/l of kanamycin only 4.44 % inoculum can grew and the rest of embryos become browning. Kanamycin concentration at 100 mg/l will be used for further selection of secondary endospermic embryos Gedong Gincu mango transformant.
Keyword: endosperm cell, germination, GA3, kanamycin, maturation, PVP

Judul: Perkecambahan Embrio Endospermik Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) Varietas Arumanis Klon 143 secara In Vitro
Abstrak: This study aimed to obtain the optimal medium for germination of endospermical embryos in mango (Mangifera indica L.) cv Arumanis clone 143. The effect of cold treatment and GA3 treatment had no significant difference in endospermical embryos germination. In the first experiment, embryos with 8 days cold treatment 83.3% of cotiledonary embryos produced the secondary proembryos with 33 secondary embryos. In the second experiment, the highest percentage of secondary proembryos (83.3%) we obtain in MS medium with 5 μM GA3. In the third experiment, the solid MS medium with 5 mg/l BA produced 80 secondary embryos, highest than in liquid medium with the similar composition, and 6.7% of that embryos germinated on solid medium. In the fourth experiment, the embryo medium induction has significant difference effect in embryo which produced by inoculum, whereas preculture medium had no significant difference effect. Inoculum from MS medium with 10 μM GA3 and cultured on PM preculture medium (MS medium with 5 mg/l 2,4-D, 5 mg/l GA3, 400 mg/l amino acid glutamine, 300 mg/l thrypton and 200 ml/l coconut water) produced embryo at 25.67 in 7 MST. The highest percentage of germinated embryos (32.4%) produced by inoculum from medium containing MS halfstrength major and minor nutrients with 5% coconut water, and then cultured on PM preculture medium.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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