Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologi Karkas Ayam Broiler pada Berbagai Lama Postmortem
Abstrak: Carcass of broiler chicken is one of the food products that rich of nutrition, so it is easy to spoiled and contaminated by microorganism. Contamination could be happened at farm, in slaughtering process and after slaughtering process. This research is aimed to study about microbiological changes of Total Plate Count (TPC), Coliforms, existence of Salmonella and pH value from carcass of broiler chicken at the various postmortem time (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hour). The method that used is rinse and swab. The observed parameters include, Total Plate Count, Coliforms, existence of Salmonella and pH value. The experiments design that used is Complete Block Randomized Design with 5 treatments and sampling time as group. TPC, Coliforms and pH value were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), and if there is a significant effect, it further analyzed by polynomial orthogonal. Data about existence of Salmonella was analyzed descriptively. The result showed that postmortem time give a significant effect (P< 0.05) for pH value and Coliforms, (P< 0.01) for TPC from surface of carcass and not significant effect for TPC from cavity of carcass. It means that the longer postmortem time, TPC and Coliforms count are increase, but it was decrease to pH value. The pattern that formed from the results is linear function. S. enteritidis is found in cavity broiler chicken carcass during cognition.
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Judul: Sifat Fisik Daging Dada Ayam Broiler Pada Berbagai Lama Postmortem di Suhu Ruang
Abstrak: Chickens meat is inclusive of food substance that easy to destroy or rotten. Breast meat will be the focus in this research. Long time of postmortem affected decrease of meat quality especially on physical properties. The acceptability of poultry muscle as food depends largerly upon chemical, physical and structural changes that occur in muscle as it converted to meat. This experiment was carried out to investigate decrease of meat quality (physical properties) in various time of postmortem.The aim of this research is to learn meat of chickens physical properties at various long time postmortem (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours) and to know meat quality until 8 hours postmortem. Completely Block Randomized Design was used in this experiment. Treatment of this experiment is time of postmortem (0, 2, 4, 6 and 8 hours) and different day at slaughtering as block design consist of three block. If any significant different (p<0,05) betwen treatments were than compared by using contrast polinomial orthogonal test. The observed variable are pH, water content, water holding capacity (WHC) and water activity. The results shows that long time postmortem affected to water content value, and very affected to pH value, and water activity, but not affected to water holding capacity. This research shows that long time postmortem 0 – 8 hours results that pH mean ranged from 5,76 – 5,4, water content ranged from 74,50 – 73,90, WHC mean ranged from 95,27 - 93,75 and water activity ranged from 0,985 – 0,960. Average value on pH, water content and water activity changes following linier pattern with correlation coefficient are negatively. This mean that long time postmortem will be decreasing pH value, water content value and water activity value.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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