Judul: Acute Toxicity Test of Apple Juice (Malus domestica) in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Sari buah apel banyak beredar dan dikonsumsi masyarakat sebagai minuman dengan kandungan nutrisi tinggi. Berbagai potensi sari buah apel sebagai bahan alami perlu didukung oleh informasi mengenai tingkat keamanannya. Tingkat keamanan penggunaan sari buah apel dapat diuji dengan uji toksisitas. Pengujian dilakukan pada 20 ekor mencit betina yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan dosis 0 g/kg BB diberi akuades, sedangkan kelompok lain diberi sari buah apel dengan dosis pemberian 5, 10, 15, dan 20 g/kg BB dalam dosis tunggal secara peroral. Mortalitas, respons fisiologis, dan gejala klinis diamati selama 14 hari setelah satu kali pemberian sediaan. Parameter lain yang diamati pada penelitian ini yaitu bobot badan, bobot organ absolut, bobot organ relatif, dan makroanatomi organ. Hasil pengujian toksisitas akut pada sari buah apel tidak menyebabkan perbedaan yang nyata terhadap gejala klinis, bobot badan, bobot organ, makroanatomi organ, maupun tingkat kematian. Disimpulkan bahwa sari buah apel termasuk ke dalam sediaan yang bersifat praktis tidak membahayakan.
Keyword: nilai LD50, sari buah apel, uji toksisitas akut

Judul: Acute Toxicity test of Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia) in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan jeruk nipis di masyarakat didukung oleh kandungan bahan aktif jeruk nipis sebagai antiseptik, antelmintik, antijamur, antibakteri, antivirus, antikanker, antioksidan, dan antidiare. Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan untuk menilai tingkat keamanan sari buah jeruk nipis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit betina yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok; 1 kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok kontrol diberi aquades dan kelompok perlakuan diberi sari buah jeruk nipis dengan dosis 2, 4, 8, dan 16 g/kg bobot badan. Pemberian sari buah jeruk nipis dan aquades menggunakan sonde lambung dan diberikan dalam dosis tunggal. Kematian diamati 14 hari setelah perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tidak ditemukan perubahan perilaku dan didapatkan nilai LD50, yaitu 16 g/kg bobot badan yang termasuk dalam kategori praktis tidak toksik. Perubahan bobot badan dan bobot organ tidak berbeda nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (p <0,05), dan tidak ditemukan kelainan secara makroskopis pada organ., The use of lime in the community is supported by the activity coumpound of lime as an antiseptic, anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antidiarrheal. Acute toxicity testing was carried out to assess the safety level oflime juice. This study used 20 female mice which were divided into 5 groups; 1 control group and 4 treatment groups. The control group was fed with distilled water and the treatment groups were fed with lime juice with 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight doses. Lime juice and distilled water were administered using a gastric tube and given in a single dose. Mortality was observed 14 days after treatment. Based on research results, there was no change in behavior and obtained LD50 value was 16 g/kg body weight which was included in the category of practical non-toxic. Changes in body weight and organ weight were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level (p <0.05), and there was no abnormality found in macroscopic organs.
Keyword: body weight, LD50, lime

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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