Judul: Pengaruh dosis bioflokulan bakteri Alcaligenes latus dan alum Al2(SO4)3 terhadap proses flokulasi limbah cair pabrik tapioka
Abstrak: Salah satu tahapan penting pada proses penanganan limbah cair pabrik tapioka adalah proses flokulasi, yaitu proses pembentukan partikel-partikel koloid yang lebih besar (agregasi) sehillgga lebih mudah mengendap. Selama iui telah banyak digunakan flokulan-flokulsn sintetis sebagai agen flokulasi yang temyata berpotensi merusak Iingkungall, sepel1i sulit didegradasi, bersifat toksik dan karsinogenik. Oleh karena itll pemanfaatan bioflokulan bakteri Alcaligenes latus sebagai flokulan biologis diharapkan dapat memecahkan persoalan-persoalan tersebut di atas.
Keyword: Industrial Wastes, Bioflokulan, Alcaligenes latus

Judul: Pengolahan air limbah industri pulp dan kertas proses soda dengan flokulan kationik
Abstrak: Air limbah industri pulp dan kertas memiliki beban pencemaran yang tinggi yang berasal dari bau, warna, pH, padatan tersuspensi, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) dan toksisitas, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan terlebih dahulu untuk mengurangi cemarannya sebelum dibuang ke badan air. Salah satu pilihan pengolahan air limbah adalah dengan menggunakan flokulan yang berfungsi membantu flokulasi yang terjadi setelah koagulasi. Pada koagulasi, koagulan mengubah partikel koloid menjadi lebih labil sehingga terjadi kontak antar partikel koloid yang memudahkan pengendapan partikel tersebut. Penggunaan flokulan dalam flokulasi akan meningkatkan laju pengendapan flok. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pengolahan air limbah industri pulp dan kertas proses soda dengan flokulan kationik, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan jenis dan dosis flokulan kationik pada pengolahan tersebut. Dosis kritik dan optimum alum sebagai koagulan, serta dosis Polymin KP-7 dan Kurifloc PN-111 sebagai flokulan yang digunakan pada penelitian utama ditentukan pada penelitian pendahuluan. Dosis kritik alum adalah 300 ppm, dan mencapai optimum pada konsentrasi 450 ppm. Pada dosis kritik alum, digunakan Polymin KP-7 pada konsentrasi 10, 15 dan 20 ppm, serta Kurifloc PN-111 pada konsentrasi 5, 10 dan 15 ppm. Pada dosis optimum alum, digunakan Polymin KP-7 pada konsentrasi 1, 2 dan 3 ppm, serta Kurifloc PN-111 pada konsentrasi 1, 2 dan 3 ppm. ...
Keyword: 

Judul: Identification of Male Status Based on Male Proximity Scores in Crested Macaques (Macaca nigra Desmarest 1822)
Abstrak: Crested macaque (Macaca nigra) is critically endangered species as categorized by International Union for Conservation of Nature. Consortship is a common strategy in primates living in multimale-multifemale (MM-MF) groups. Consorting has been shown to significantly increase reproductive success and reproductive skew of males. Current theory and these limited qualitative observations suggest the hypothesis that following functions as a means for males to gain access to fertile females. The aim of this study was to investigate consort and follower status based on quantitative observation. The study was carried out on free-ranging crested macaques living on two habituated groups. Males were classified as either “consort males,” “followers,” and “non-followers” based on proximity maintanance every 15 minute uses scan sampling. Tactics used by followers were classified: 1) individual challenge, 2) coalitionary challenge, 3) abandoned takeover, and 4) opportunistic takeover. The proportion of successful takeovers by followers was calculated by dividing the number of takeovers by followers by the total number of observed takeovers. High-ranking male in a freeranging group consorting females was most frequently before the day of detumescence. Two tactics were used by both follower and non follower. The proportion of successful takeovers by followers was calculated by dividing the number of takeovers by followers by the total number of observed takeovers. The proportion of followers is higher than average on D-5 and earlier, D-4, and D-3. Only two of the four consort takeover tactics were used by followers (Figure 2). For abandoned, which made up 40% of consort takeovers tactic used by followers. Individual tactic which made up 11.5% of consort takeover tactic. Overall, 25.4% of consort takeovers were executed by males who were followers of the targeted consortships. This study contributes to our understanding of alternative mating strategies by examining a little studied alternative mating strategy in primates. This study provide the first quantitative data demonstrating that following is an alternative mating strategy in crested macaque (Macaca nigra).
Keyword: consortship, dominance, alternative strategy, male proximity score, Macaca nigra