Judul: An Approach to Water Resource Management through Land Use Planning in the Way Besai Watershed in Lampung Province
Abstrak: Land use changes may have an impact on the decrease in water supply. In the meantime, water demand keeps increasing along with the increase in population and economic activities. The Way Besai Watershed, covering an area of 44 720 ha, plays an important role in providing water resources. Therefore, to ensure the sustainability of the water resources, there should be a good land use planning, particularly in relation with the efforts to protect the forest areas. This research, which was conducted in the Way Besai Watershed in 2013, aimed: (1) to find out the water supply and demand, (2) to assess water balance in terms of the supply and demand, (3) to formulate recommendations for the best land use planning, and (4) to study the economic value of the water resources. The total water demand by households, livestock activities, rice fields, and hydropower (PLTA) was calculated. Similarly, the water supply was calculated based on surface runoff using various mathematical equations. Next, SCS Model was used in the formulation of different scenarios of land use planning. Scenario 1 described the existing biophysical condition of the Way Besai Watershed. Scenario 2 was related to the land management by accommodating community activities in the forest through HKm by applying an agroforestry planting pattern. Scenario 3 was the combination Scenario 2 and the forest rehabilitation outside HKm area. Scenario 4 was the combination of scenario 3 and the efforts to change the pattern of coffee cropping monoculture. The best recommendation scenario for land use planning was selected based on hydrological as well as economic aspects using benefit and cost ratio (BCR). The water need of the Way Besai Watershed in 2011 was 441 450 909 m3/year, and it could still be fulfilled by the water supply amounting to 460 452 600 m3/year. In terms of the distribution, however, based on the analysis of water balance, there was a shortage of water supply during the dry season, particularly in July, August, September and October, that is, 7 861 736; 16 246 136; 17 800 951 and 21 384 649 m3, respectively. The simulation results of land use planning showed that the surface runoff of scenario1 was 1 073.48, scenario 2 was 1 061.25, scenario 3 was 1 056.09, and scenario 4 was 1 055.79 mm/year. The total runoff coefficient of Scenario 1, Scenario 2, Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 were 39.27, 38.72, 38.54 and 38.52 %, respectively. The surface runoff volume ratio of Scenario 1, Scenario 2, Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 were 6.08, 5.88, 5.47 and 5.47 %, respectively. Meanwhile, water storage variances of Scenario 2, Scenario 3 and Scenario 4 were 5 468 276; 7 774 304; and 7 911 617 m3/year, respectively. The simulations formulated showed that hydrologically scenario 4 was the best as indicated by the decreased in surface runoff, total runoff coefficient, and surface runoff volume ratio, and the increase in water supply during the dry season (July-October). The total economic value of water utilization in the Way Besai Watershed was Rp 108 936 635 040 per year. The highest water utilization
Keyword: curve number, landuse simulation, water demand, water economic value, water supply.

Judul: Nilai air dan manfaat bagi masyarakat serta PLTA Way Besai pada beberapa skenario perubahan penggunaan lahan di Kecamatan Sumberjaya, Kabupaten Lampung Barat, Provinsi Lampung
Abstrak: Forest conversion to other land use systems will affect to water supply, both in quantity as well as in quality due to environment services function. Communities use water as an important daily needs, farmers use as an agriculture input and hydropower company uses as an input in producing electricity. In the other side, communities need agricultural land as source of income. Valuing water as source of household need, agriculture input, particularly to produce rice and coffee and source of electricity production at current condition is one of the aim of this study. In the other part, communities’ income based on the land use change scenario had also been quantified to know land use composition in Sumberjaya which provide the maximum communities and Hydropower income. Amount of 150 samples (respondents) in three villages, Simpang Sari (downstream), Sukajaya (middle stream) and Tribudi Sukur (upstream) had been interviewed related to willingness to pay of water and income from agricultural (rice and coffee). GenRiver model used to generate water discharge at five land use scenarios, scenario 1 (13% monoculture coffee), scenario 2 (61% coffee-based agroforestry), scenario 3 (23% forest), scenario 4 (30% forest) and scenario 5 (84% forest). Water dischage is an important component of Hydropower to produce electricity and generate income. Average of willingness to pay of water in Sumberjaya is amounted to Rp. 503.30 per m3. Total water value is Rp 608.629.000.000 per year in Sumberjaya, coffee is Rp. 236,121,720,331.00 per year or equal with Rp 6,223,556.15 per hectare per year and electricity production by Hydropower is Rp 359.106.730.000 per year. Value of water to produce electricity by Hydropower is the highest component (59%) from total water value in Sumberjaya then followed by coffee which is 39%. Land use change scenario in Sumberjaya indicate that scenario 2 which consists of coffee-based agroforestry 33,062 hectare (61%), simple shade coffee 7,046 hectare (13%), forest and paddy field each of them 5.420 hectare (10%), horticulture and settlement each of them 1.626 hectare (3%) give the highest income for communities, even though the total income of HYDROPOWER Way Besai income was decreased, but not significant different. Total income for communities in scenario 2 is Rp 339,095,140,000.00 per year or equal to Rp 3,490,787.94 per household and total income of Hydropower Way Besai Rp 352,252,000,000.00 per year. Due to maintain water resources sustainability, integrated management between communities, particularly coffee and rice farmer with Hydropower and local government is needed. Keeping 10% of remnant forest and applying coffee-based on agroforestry system in Sumberjaya area should be the main point of policy.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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