Judul: Hedging strategy for loan with interest rate Cap.
Abstrak: A bank usually charges a specific nominal interest for a loan, which is influenced by the market’s interest rate. When the market interest rates fluctuate, the customer will face financial loss with the growing burden. Interest rate cap is one of the solutions to anticipate any negative impacts of increasing interest rate, by limiting the maximum interest rate paid by customer to the bank. Thus, customer gets a guarantee against increase in interest rate. To obtain this guarantee, the customer is required to pay a premium. The aims of this paper are to analyze the form of a loan with the interest rate cap strategy, and to discuss Vasicek model approach to determine the amount of the premium. A numerical illustration is given to show the advantage of the interest rate cap strategy. The results show that the interest rate cap will provide protection to the customer as the market interest rates fluctuate. Vasicek model states that the price cap interest rate can be expressed as an expected value of a random variable that has bivariate normal distribution. Numerical results show that this strategy provides benefits in the form of lower amortization cost than that of a loan without interest rate cap.
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Judul: Pengaruh Non Performing Loan, Capital adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, dan Marjin Suku Bunga Terhadap Net Interest Margin (Studi Kasus: PT Bank Danamon Indonesia Tbk)
Abstrak: PT Bank Danamon Indonesia Tbk is one of the private bank which was established on July 16, 1956 in Jakarta, Indonesia. Credit which distributed to the public contain the potential losses due to low quality borrowers and uncertainly banking economic situation. Expansion of bank credit will play the interest rate in order to improve profitability, especially of interest income. The Bank should maintain a good interest rate deposits or loans that compete with other banks so that customers layalitas can be awake. Loan to deposit ratio (LDR) is the ratio of total loans to deposits. On the other hand, the bank must provide a minimum capital adequacy to protect the assets that contain or produce risk. Banks need to control the problem loans and capital controls are appropriate to minimize losses and increase profits of the bank. The purpose of this study were (1) analyze the development of Non-Performing Loans, Capital Adequacy Ratio, Loan to Deposit Ratio, the interest rate margin and net interest margin, (2) to analyze the effect of NPL, CAR, LDR, and margin interest rates to NIM, ( 3) Estimated NPL data, CAR, LDR, margin interest and NIM in the future. Data that used in this research is secondary data. The analytical method used in this study is classical assumption of regression, multiple linear regression analysis, F test, and forecasting with ARIMA method. The results obtained are: (1) During the years 2002 to 2007, the NPL is relatively increased. CAR steadily declining until the year 2008 and increased again in the year 2009. Relatively LDR was increased, the margin interest rate increased in 2002 until 2004, then declined until 2006. Margin interest rates climbed back up to the year 2009. NIM relative increase since first quarter 2002 to fourth quarter 2009, (2) NPL, CAR, LDR, margin interest rates simultaneously affect the NIM at 75.3% while 24.7% are influenced by factors outside the study. (3) Forecasting using ARIMA method produces a relatively increased NPLs, which is relatively decreased CAR, LDR relative decline, margin interest rates relative to increase and NIM is relatively increased. Managerial implications associated with the financing, banks need to increase lending to be vigilant in the community by improving credit monitoring intensively. Providing capital to bear risk assets, keeping bank liquidity remained at a safe position, is also concerned about interest rate movements that occurred in Indonesia to improve competitiveness and customer loyalty. Importance of risk management to manage risks that might arise from banking activities and minimize the losses that might occur in the future.
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Judul: Pemilihan media dan kondisi fisik pada Biodesulfurisasi sacara aerob
Abstrak: Fenomena hujan asam dewasa ini telah menjadi masalah yang sangat serius dan mengancam kehidupan manusia di belahan dunia mana pun. Penyebab utama terjadinya hujan asam adalah emisi sulfur dioksida. Emisi sulfur dioksida terutama berasal dari pembakaran bahan bakar fosil. Pencemaran oleh emisi sulfur dioksida banyak terjadi di area pertambangan, industri, serta lalu lintas. Beberapa upaya penanganan telah dilakukan dan kebanyakan menggunakan cara konvensional, yaitu penyerapan emisi dengan menggunakan sorbent. Cara ini relatif sederhana tetapi memerlukan penanganan lanjutan seperti landfill. Dewasa ini sedang diupayakan penanganan secara biologis sebagai penanganan alternatif dan mendapat tanggapan positif. Prosesnya dikenal dengan istilah biodesulfurisasi. Biodesulfurisasi melibatkan biooksidasi pada kondisi aerob dan bioreduksi pada kondisi anaerob. Dalam biooksidasi digunakan bakteri pengoksidasi sulfur seperti Thiobacillus sp. dan Sulfolobus sp. sebagai akseptor elektron yang mengoksidasi sulfur menjadi sulfat, atau dapat pula digunakan kultur campuran. Penelitian ini menggunakan kultur campuran yang berasal dari sampel tanah pertambangan emas di daerah Pongkor, Jawa Barat yang memiliki karakteristik tertentu. Untuk mengetahui karakteristik kultur yang berasal dari sumber alam tersebut, dilakukan penelitian ini sebagai tahap awal bagi proses biodesulfurisasi pada kondisi aerob. Pada tahap ini akan dikaji mengenai media dan kondisi fisik yang mampu menunjang dan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan kultur. Hal tersebut meliputi pemilihan jenis media, konsentrasi, dan pH, serta pengaruh akumulasi sulfat bagi pertumbuhan kultur. Sejumlah peneliti sebelumnya telah menggunakan beberapa media untuk menumbuhkan bakteri sulfur, seperti media sulfur, media OECD, dan media garam mineral (9K). Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini berusaha memilih media yang paling dapat mendukung pertumbuhan kultur campuran. Sebelumnya ke tiga media tersebut ditambahkan dengan sulfur elemental sebanyak 1 % (b/v)...dst
Keyword: mikroorganisme sulfur, bakteri sulfur, sumber karbon, habitat