Judul: Rice Yield Loss at Harvesting to Threshing Stages in Darma  District, Kuningan Regency, West Java
Abstrak: Padi merupakan komoditas yang penting karena sebagai sumber utama pemenuhan kebutuhan energi. Kehilangan hasil yang disebabkan oleh teknis penanganan panen dan pascapanen yang tidak tepat dapat mengurangi hasil produksi padi dan menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi petani. Analisis kehilangan hasil padi perlu dilakukan untuk menekan kehilangan hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kehilangan hasil dari tahapan pemanenan hingga perontokan di Kecamatan Darma, Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2024 di lahan sawah yang berada di Desa Darma dan Desa Karanganyar, Kecamatan Darma, Kabupaten Kuningan. Pengukuran kehilangan hasil padi dilakukan dengan membandingkan produksi gabah yang diperoleh antara petak kontrol dengan petak perlakuan. Petak kontrol berukuran 2,5 m x 2,5 m sebanyak lima petak yang terletak di dalam petak perlakuan yang berukuran 25 m x 25 m. Pemanenan hingga perontokan padi pada petak kontrol dilakukan secara teliti dan hati-hati untuk menghindari kehilangan hasil. Pemanenan hingga perontokan padi pada petak perlakuan dilakukan sesuai dengan metode dan kebiasaan petani setempat. Kehilangan hasil padi di Kecamatan Darma sebesar 4,88% lebih rendah dan berbeda nyata dengan kehilangan hasil padi nasional tahun 2014 sebesar 16,47%. Kehilangan hasil padi di Desa Darma sebesar 3,49% lebih rendah dan berbeda nyata dengan kehilangan hasil padi di Desa Karanganyar sebesar 6,29%., Rice is an important commodity because it is the main source of meeting energy needs. Yield losses caused by improper harvest and post-harvest handling techniques can reduce rice production and cause huge losses for farmers. Analysis of rice yield loss needs to be done to reduce yield loss. This research aims to analyze yield loss from harvesting to threshing stages in Darma District, Kuningan Regency. The research was conducted in January 2024 in paddy fields located in Darma Village and Karanganyar Village, Darma District, Kuningan Regency. Measurement of rice yield loss was carried out by comparing grain production obtained between control plots and treatment plots. The control plots were 2.5 m x 2.5 m in size as many as five plots located inside the treatment plots which were 25 m x 25 m in size. Harvesting to threshing of rice in the control plots was done carefully and cautiously to avoid yield loss. Harvesting to threshing of rice in the treatment plots was done according to the methods and habits of local farmers. Rice yield loss in Darma Sub-district of 4.88% was lower and significantly different from the national rice yield loss in 2014 of 16.47%. Rice yield loss in Darma Village was 3.49% lower and significantly different from rice yield loss in Karanganyar Village at 6.29%.
Keyword: Ciherang, pascapanen, Intani

Judul: Performance and Economics Test of Rice Combine Harvester in Innovation Village, Subang, West Java
Abstrak: Penanganan padi siap panen merupakan salah satu kunci untuk meningkatkan perolehan hasil dari kemungkinan pengurangan nilai susut. Proses pemanenan padi di Indonesia banyak dilakukan secara manual dengan cara dipotong dengan menggunakan sabit dan perontokan dengan cara digebot yang berdampak pada susut yang tinggi. Penggunaan alat dalam memanen padi seperti combine harvester sudah banyak ditemukan karena memiliki susut yang relatif kecil, namun kalah bersaing karena stigma akan biaya operasional yang terlalu mahal yang akan berdampak pada pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek kinerja dan ekonomi dari penggunaan combine harvester sebagai alat bantu proses pemanenan padi; membandingkan hasil analisis pemanenan padi menggunakan combine harvester dengan cara manual; serta menganalisis kelayakan usaha mesin combine harvester di Kampung Inovasi Subang, Desa Kiarasari, Kecamatan Compreng, Kabupaten Subang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati beberapa variabel dalam pemanenan secara manual dan pemanenan dengan menggunakan combine harvester. Variabel yang diamati berupa variabel kinerja berupa kapasitas lapang efektif (KLE) dan kapasitas lapang teoritis (KLT) pemanenan secara mekanis (ha/jam), KLE dan KLT pemanenan secara manual, efisiensi lapang pemanenan (ELP) (%), susut panen (%), dan variabel ekonomi berupa biaya pokok pemanenan (Rp/ha). KLE pemotongan dengan sabit memiliki nilai rata-rata sebesar 0,018 ha/jam/orang dan efisiensi pemotongan sebesar 77% sedangkan KLE menggunakan combine harvester sebesar 0,5047 ha/jam dan efisiensi pemotongannya sebesar 82,28%. Susut hasil pemotongan padi menggunakan sabit sebesar 7,50% dengan susut perontokannya sebesar 0,086% sehingga total susut sebesar 7,59%, sementara susut total pemanenan menggunakan combine harvester sebesar 0,067%. Biaya total pemanenan dengan metode manual (sabit + power thresher) sebesar Rp 3.531.577,00 /ha, sedangkan biaya total yang dengan combine harvester sebesar Rp 1.857.143,00 /ha., Handling ready-to-harvest rice is one of the keys to increasing yield gain from possible reduction in value of losses. The process of harvesting rice in Indonesia is mostly done manually by cut using a sickle and threshing with digebot which has an impact on high shrinkage. The use of tools in harvesting rice such as a combine harvester has been widely found because it has a relatively small shrinkage, but it is less competitive because of the stigma of operational costs that are too expensive which will have an impact on farmers' income. This study aims to analyse the performance and economic aspects of using a combine harvester as a tool for rice harvesting; compare the results of rice harvesting analysis using a combine harvester with the manual method; and analyse the business feasibility of combine harvester machines in Subang Kampung Inovasi, Kiarasari Village, Compreng Subdistrict, Subang Regency. The research was conducted by observing several variables in manual harvesting and harvesting using a combine harvester. The variables observed were performance variables in the form of effective field capacity (KLE) and theoretical field capacity (KLT) of mechanical harvesting (ha/h), KLE and KLT of manual harvesting, harvesting field efficiency (ELP) (%), harvest shrinkage (%), and economic variables in the form of cost of harvesting (Rp/ha). The ELP of cutting with sickle has an average value of 0,018 ha/hour/person and cutting efficiency of 77% while the ELP using combine harvester is 0,5047 ha/hour and the cutting efficiency is 82,28%. The shrinkage of rice
Keyword: biaya operasional, combine harvester, panen padi, produktivitas, susut, operational cost, productivity, rice harvesting, shrinkage

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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