Judul: Biologi parasitoid telur Trichogramma sp. (Hym. : Trichogrammatidae) dan Telenomus sp. (Hym. : Scelionidae) pada penggerek padi kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lep. : pyralidae)
Abstrak: Penggerek padi kuning merupakan salah satu hana utama tanaman padi. Ada tiga jenis parasitoid telur penggerek padi kuning di Indonesia yaitu: Trichogramma japonicum Ashm. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae), Telenomus rowani (Gahan) (Hymenoptera Scelionidae) dan Tetrastichus schoenobii Ferr. parasitoid telur Trichogramma sp. dan Telenomus sp. sangat penting untuk adalah diketahui. Aspek biologi yang diteliti : preferensi parasitoid pada berbagai umur telur penggerek padi kuning; siklus hidup parasitoid; kemampuan bertelur parasitoid pada telur yang sesuai; preferensi parasitoid pada berbagai kelompok telur,. serta superparasitisme dan parasitisme ganda. Juga dilakukan pengamatan lapangan untuk mengetahui komposisi parasitoid telur penggerek padi kuning di lapangan. ..dst
Keyword: Trichogramma, Telenomus, Hymenoptera

Judul: Dinamika Populasi Parasitoid Telur Penggerek Batang Padi Kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pada Pertanaman Padi di Kabupaten Klaten
Abstrak: Yellow Rice Stem Borers (Scirpophaga incertulas) is an important pest of rice in Indonesia. Currently, most farmers depend on use of insecticides to control the pest and mostly by propalactic and indiscriminate ways. The practices can disrupt the environment and the activities of natural enemies. This study is to observe the dynamic off egg parasitoid of Yellow Rice stem Borers in three subdistrict (Juwiring, Cawas, and Trucuk) in Klaten, Central Java. Egg clusters were collected and reared to note parasitization every other weeks. This study during Februari-October 2012. The most dominant of egg parasitoid at Juwiring, Cawas, and Trucuk was Tetrastichus schoenobii with percentage 67%, 96%, and 43%. Egg parasitoids were found at Juwiring T. schoenobii, Telenomus rowani, Trichogramma japonicum and Telenomus sp., a hyperparasitoid also discovered at Juwiring is Trichomalopsis sp., at Cawas T. schoenobii and T. rowani were found, and at Trucuk T. schoenobii, T. rowani, and T. japonicum were found. Parasite of egg clusters at rice crops on 0-4 weeks after transplanting was T. schoenobii, and parasite of egg clusters at rice crops on 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting was T. rowani.
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Judul: Pengaruh Lama Periode Start Up pada Proses Pembuatan Surfaktan Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) dari Metil Ester Stearin
Abstrak: Methyl ester sulfonates (MES) is product that synthesized by continuous sulfonation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using SO3 as reactant in a single tube falling-film reactor. MES is an anionic surfactant that has been widely used in detergent and other cleaning and washing products. MES has several outstanding surfactant properties: excellent resistance to water hardness and excellent detergency for carbon chains C14 to C18. Palm stearin methyl ester is a potential material as MES feedstock in Indonesia as the country with the largest palm oil producer in the world. Palm stearin is renewable, biodegradable and rich of C16 and C18 fatty acids which have good detergency and tolerant to Ca ion. The study was aimed to obtain information on the effect of start up period during sulfonation of palm stearin ME and aging process to the physicochemical properties of MESA produced and to determine steady state condition during continous sulfonation of palm stearin ME on the best start up period. The results of this study indicated that MESA and MES produced in 5 hours period of start up without aging has a better physicochemical properties compared with other treatments. MESA resulted from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has an average pH of 1, 13.58 mg NaOH/g acid number, viscosity of 29.63 cP, density of 0.9621 g/cm3, iodine number of 9.81 mg I/g, 12.02 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.15 dyne/cm. MES produced from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has average pH of 7, acid number of 1.75 mg NaOH /g, density of 0.9652 g/cm3, iodine number of 12.38 mg I/g, 12.36 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.53 dyne/cm.
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