Judul: Pengaruh perlakuan dengan Pseudomonas fluorescens dan Bacillus polymixa terhadap penyakit akar gada pada tanaman caisin
Abstrak: Penyakit akar gada yang disebabkan oleh Plamodiaphora brassicae merupakan penyakit yang sangat penting pada beberapa tanaman famili Brassicaceae. Kerugian akibat serangan patogen ini sangat besar antara 35%-100%. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh penggunaan dua jenis bakteri (P.fluorescens, B.plymixa) dan kombinasi keduanya terhadap tanaman caisin dalam upaya mengendalikan penyakit akar gada.
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Judul: Penggunaan Pseudomonas spp. kelompok fluoresen untuk pengendalian penyakit akar goda (Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor.) pada caisui (Brassica campestris L. Var chinensis (Rupr) olson
Abstrak: Akar gada adalah merupakan penyakit yang sangat penting dan menjadi kendala produksi pada berbagai tanaman famili Brassicaceae, diantaranya adalah caisin. Beberapa cara pengendalian terhadap penyakit telah banyak dikembangkan, seperti varietas resisten, pengapuran, dan penggunaan fungisida. Tetapi cara-cara tersebut hasilnya masih bervariasi dan belum memuaskan, tergantung keadaan tanah dan ras fisiologis patogen. Salah satu cara pengendalian penyakit akar gada yang belum banyak dikembangkan diantaranya pengendalian hayati dengan pemanfaatan mikroba antagonis, seperti Pseudomonas spp. kelompok fluoresen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi Pseudomonas spp. ke lompok fluoresen sebagai agen pengendalian penyebab penyakit akar gada (P. brassicae) pada tanaman caisin. Penelitian ini dilakukan di rumah kaca dan laboratorium Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pseudomonas spp. kelompok fluoresen diisolasi dari rizosfer beberapa jenis tanaman yang banyak ditanam di daerah Cipanas, Kabupaten DT II Cianjur, seperti jagung, kentang, tomat, bawang daun, seledri, caisin, kubis, dan wortel. Isolasi Pseudomonas spp. dilakukan dengan menggunakan medium King's B yang ditambah dengan beberapa jenis antibiotik seperti cycloheximide 100 ppm. ampicillin 50 ppm dan chloramphenicol 12.5 ppm. Sebelum diuji kemampuan antagonistiknya, setiap isolat yang terpilih diuji terlebih dahulu kemungkinan sifat patogeniknya dengan menggunakan metode uji hipersensitifitas pada tanaman tembakau. Pengujian kemampuan antagonistik dilakukan melalui berbagai cara, diantaranya adalah perlakuan benih dan perlakuan tanah dengan sel bakteri Pseudomonas spp. serta perlakuan filtrat yang dihasilkan setiap Isolat ke dalam tanah. Beberapa isolat yang cukup potensial pada pengujian tersebut, kemudian diuji pengaruhnya terhadap perlakuan penambahan kelator Fe (111), seperti ethylene diamine di-o-hydroxy acetic acid (EDDHA) dan Fe ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid (FeEDTA). Pengamatan hasil penelitian pengujian antagonistik meliputi intensitas serangan, luas serangan, bobot basah tanaman tanpa akar dan bobot kering akar sehat. Rancangan percobaan yang dipakai dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan tiga ulangan, dan setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 tanaman. Data rata- rata dari setiap perlakuan yang berbeda nyata dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji jarak berganda Duncan (α = 0.05). ...
Keyword: Plasmodiophora brassicae, Pseudomonas spp.

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite