Judul: Physiological Performance and Productivity of Quail Layer Period Supplemented Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke
Abstrak: Asap cair tempurung kelapa (ACTK) umumnya digunakan sebagai pengawet makanan dan mengandung flavonoid, tanin dan saponin sehingga memiliki sifat antioksidan yang dapat mengatasi stres oksidatif pada puyuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan asap cair tempurung kelapa terhadap kinerja fisiologis dan produktivitas puyuh periode layer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 level perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (0,25 mL/L ACTK), P2 (0,50 mL/L ACTK), P3 (0,75 mL/L ACTK), P4 (1 mL/L ACTK). Variabel yang diamati yaitu kinerja fisiologis (hematologi, superoksida dismutasi (SOD), malondialdehida (MDA) dan rasio H/L), produktivitas (konsumsi air minum dan pakan, produksi telur, massa telur, konversi pakan (FCR) dan mortalitas), dan kualitas fisik telur (bobot telur, tinggi putih telur kental dan persentase kerabang telur). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ACTK tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap produktivitas dan kualitas fisik telur. Nilai hematologi dan stres indikator pada puyuh yang diberi ACTK, khususnya P1 dapat mengurangi stres oksidatif. Nilai konversi pakan optimal diperoleh oleh P1 (3,35). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu Asap cair tempurung kelapa (ACTK) grade 3 dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi stres oksidatif pada puyuh periode layer. Dosis 0,25 mL/L air minum (P1) ACTK menghasilkan nilai terbaik untuk indikator stres dan feed conversion ratio (FCR)., Coconut shell liquid smoke (CSLS) is commonly used as a food preservative. It contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, all of which have antioxidant characteristics that can help quail to overcome oxidative stress. This study aimed to analyze the effect of coconut shell liquid smoke on the physiological performance and productivity of the quail laying period. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment levels with 3 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (0,25 mL/L CSLS), P2 (0,50 mL/L CSLS), P3 (0,75 mL/L CSLS) and P4 (1 mL/L CSLS). Variables measured included physiological performance (hematology, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and H/L ratio), productivity (water and feed intake, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality), and physical egg quality (egg weight, viscous albumin height and percentage of eggshell). The results showed that supplementing CSLS had no significant effect (P>0,05) on quail eggs' performance and physical egg quality. Hematological values and stress indicators revealed that quail-supplemented coconut shell liquid smoke, particularly P1, can lower oxidative stress. The optimum FCR value was obtained at P1 (3,35). It was concluded that coconut shell liquid smoke could be used as a reduction of oxidative stress in the quail layer period. It was found that the optimum stress indicators and FCR were obtained at a dose of 0.25 mL/L CSLS through drinking water (P1).
Keyword: asap cair, puyuh, stres oksidatif, tempurung kelapa

Judul: Utilization of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke in Quail Performance Grower Period
Abstrak: Pemberian antioksidan dari asap cair tempurung kelapa dapat mengatasi stres oksidatif pada puyuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan asap cair tempurung kelapa (ACTK) terhadap performa puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica) periode grower. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (0,25 mL/L ACTK), P2 (0,50 mL/L ACTK), P3 (0,75 mL/L ACTK) dan P4 (1 mL/L ACTK). Variabel yang diukur meliputi bobot badan awal, bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum, feed conversion ratio (FCR), morbiditas, mortalitas dan income over feed quail cost (IOFQC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ACTK tidak nyata berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum dan pertambahan bobot badan. Tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas pada penelitian ini 0%. Nilai FCR terbaik diperoleh P4 (4,28). Nilai IOFQC tertinggi pada P4 (Rp 1.578,92). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian asap cair tempurung kelapa pada puyuh betina periode grower melalui air minum dengan taraf yang berbeda tidak nyata berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum dan pertambahan bobot badan. Dosis 1 mL/L air minum (P4) asap cair tempurung kelapa menghasilkan nilai FCR dan IOFQC terbaik., Giving antioxidants from coconut shell liquid smoke can overcome oxidative stress in quail. This study aims to analyze the effect of coconut shell liquid smoke (ACTK) on the performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in the grower period. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment levels with 3 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (0.25 mL/L ACTK), P2 (0.50 mL/L ACTK), P3 (0.75 mL/L ACTK) and P4 (1 mL/L ACTK). Variables measured included initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), morbidity, mortality and income over feed quail cost (IOFQC). The results showed that giving ACTK had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, water intake and body weight gain. The morbidity and mortality rates in this study were 0%. The best FCR value was obtained at P4 (4.28). The highest IOFQC value was at P4 (Rp 1,578.92). The conclusion of this study is that giving coconut shell liquid smoke to female quails in the grower period through drinking water at different levels had no significant effect on feed intake, water intake and body weight gain. A dose of 1 mL/L of drinking water (P4) of coconut shell liquid smoke produced the best FCR and IOFQC values.
Keyword: antioxidants, coconut shell, liquid smoke, quail

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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