Judul: Antioxidant Capacity and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Assay from Fractionation of Aromatic Ginger (Kaempferia galanga) In Vitro, Antioxidant Capacity and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Assay from Fractionation of Aromatic Ginger (Kaempferia galanga) In Vitro
Abstrak: Obesitas merupakan kondisi akumulasi lemak berlebih di dalam jaringan yang menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan dan memicu inflamasi. Orlistat merupakan obat yang digunakan untuk pengobatan obesitas, namun memiliki efek berbahaya. Kaempferia galanga dilaporkan berperan sebagai obat antiobesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total, kapasitas antioksidan, serta aktivitas inhibisi lipase pankreas ekstrak kasar dan hasil fraksinasi kencur secara in vitro. K. galanga diekstraksi menggunakan metode sonikasi pelarut etanol 70% dan dilanjutkan fraksinasi menggunakan n-heksana, kloroform, etil asetat, dan air. Kemudian, dilakukan uji kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total, kapasitas antioksidan, serta aktivitas inhibisi lipase pankreas. Hasil kadar fenolik total tertinggi pada fraksi air (53,44 mg GAE/g ekstrak). Fraksi etil asetat mengandung kadar flavonoid total tertinggi (185,16 mg QE/g ekstrak). Ekstrak kasar memiliki kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi pada DPPH dan FRAP, berturut-turut sebesar 866,84 mg TE/g ekstrak dan 231,42 mg TE/g ekstrak. Aktivitas penghambatan lipase pankreas ekstrak kasar (92,40%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan orlistat (88,46%). Senyawa fenolik dan kapasitas antioksidan berkorelasi kuat terhadap inhibisi lipase pankreas., Obesity is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the tissues which causes health problems and triggers inflammation. Orlistat is a drug used to treat obesity, but it has adverse effects. Kaempferia galanga is reported to act as an anti-obesity drug. This study aimed to determine total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity from fractionation and crude extract of aromatic ginger in vitro. K. galanga was extracted using sonication method with 70% ethanol and continued with fractionation using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The test results for the highest total phenolic content were in water fraction (53,44 mg GAE/g extract). The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest total flavonoid content (185,16 mg QE/g extract). The crude extract had the highest antioxidant capacity of DPPH and FRAP, respectively 866,84 and 231,42 mg TE/g extract. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of crude extract (92,40%) was higher than orlistat (88,46%). Phenolic and antioxidant capacity were strongly correlated with pancreatic lipase inhibition.
Keyword: antioxidant, aromatic ginger, pancreas lipase, phytochemicals, obesity

Judul: Antioxidant Capacity and Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase  from Fractionated Asam Gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) In vitro
Abstrak: Obesitas adalah penyakit dengan penimbunan lemak dalam jangka panjang yang mengakibatkan timbulnya penyakit degeneratif. Asam gelugur dapat bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan dan inhibitor lipase pankreas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kapasitas antioksidan, kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total, serta inhibisi lipase pankreas ekstrak kasar dan hasil fraksinasi asam gelugur. Ekstraksi dengan metode sonikasi pelarut etanol 70% kemudian difraksinasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, kloroform, dan akuades. Kadar fenolik total asam gelugur tertinggi dimiliki fraksi akuades 535,80 mg GAE/g ekstrak. Kadar flavonoid total tertinggi pada fraksi kloroform 751,04 mg QE/g ekstrak. Kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi pada metode FRAP ekstrak kasar dan pada DPPH fraksi akuades dengan nilai berurut yaitu 339,82 mg TE/ g ekstrak dan 936,52 mg TE/ g ekstrak. Inhibisi lipase pankreas pada konsentrasi 1000 mg/mL tertinggi dimiliki fraksi n-heksan sebesar 91,33% dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan orlistat 88,46%. Korelasi positif diperoleh antara kapasitas antioksidan metode DPPH dengan senyawa fenolik maupun flavonoid. Inhibisi lipase pankreas dengan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total serta kapasitas antioksidan tidak berkorelasi., Obesity is caused by long-term fatty accumulation leads to degenerative diseases. Asam gelugur can be useful as an antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibitor. This study aimed to measure total phenolic and flavonoid content, the antioxidant capacity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitor of crude extract and fractionated. Sonication method is used with ethanol 70% solvent and then multistage fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and aquades. The highest total phenolic content was observed in aquades fraction 535,80 mg GAE/g extract. The highest total flavonoid content was in the chloroform fraction 751,04 mg QE/g extract. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in FRAP method of crude extract and in DPPH of aquades method by aquades fraction with values of 339,82 mg TE/g extract and 936,52 mg TE/g extract. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase at 1000 mg/mL was highest in the n-hexane fraction at 91.33%. A positive correlation was found between the antioxidant capacity of DPPH method and phenolic and flavonoid contents. Pancreatic lipase inhibition with total phenolic and flavonoid and antioxidant capacity were not significantly correlated.
Keyword: fractionation, Antioxidant, pancreatic lipase inhibitor., Garcinia antroviridis

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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