Judul: In Vitro Quality of Complete Feed Block Silage Based on Oil Palm Fronds
Abstrak: Penelitian tentang silase blok berbasis pelepah kelapa sawit yang dikombinasikan dengan berbagai hijauan belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas fisik dan kimia serta kecernaan in vitro silase blok ransum komplit berbasis pelepah kelapa sawit sebagai pakan ternak sapi potong. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 perlakuan pengolahan pakan dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri atas P0 = Kontrol; P1 = Silase; P2 = Silase blok. Data karakteristik fisik, nilai fleigh, dan kandungan nutrien pakan yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dianalisa secara deskriptif. Data kecernaan, karakteristik fermentabilitas rumen, dan nilai pH ransum yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dianalisa statistik menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan uji lanjut Duncan menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa silase blok memiliki tekstur yang kering tidak mudah patah, warna hijau kekuningan, dan aroma sedikit asam. Silase blok mengandung protein kasar dan TDN sebesar 13,55% dan 61,71%. Silase blok dapat menurunkan nilai pH ransum dan meningkatkan produksi ammonia (P<0,05), namun tidak mempengaruhi kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, dan VFA parsial (P>0,05). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu silase blok memiliki tekstur yang kering tidak mudah patah, warna hijau kekuningan, dan aroma sedikit asam. Silase blok mengandung protein kasar dan TDN sebesar 13,55% dan 61,71%. Silase blok dapat menurunkan nilai pH dan meningkatkan produksi ammonia, namun tidak mempengaruhi peubah lainnya., The study on block silage based on oil palm fronds combined with various forages has never been conducted before. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical quality and in vitro digestibility of complete feed block silage based on oil palm fronds as feed for beef cattle. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The study used 3 feed treatments with 5 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 = Control; P1 = Silage; P2 = Silage block. The physical characteristics, fliegh value, and nutrient content of the feed obtained in this study were analyzed descriptively. Digestibility data, rumen fermentability characteristics, and pH value obtained in this study were analyzed statistically using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Duncan's multiple range test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The result of the study showed that the silage block had a dry texture, was not easily broken, had a greenish-yellow color, and a slightly acidic aroma. The silage block contained crude protein and TDN of 13.55% and 61.71%, respectively. The silage block could lower the pH value and increase ammonia production (P<0.05), but it did not affect the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and partial VFA (P>0.05). It is concluded that the silage block had a dry texture, was not easily broken, had a greenish-yellow color, and a slightly acidic aroma. The silage block contained crude protein and TDN of 13.55% and 61.71%, respectively. The silage block could lower the pH value and increase ammonia production, but it did not affect other variables.
Keyword: characteristics, digestibility, in vitro, oil palm fronds, silage block

Judul: Level of Addition of Molasses to Rice Straw Silage and Oil Palm Frond Silage Resulted from Fiber Cracking Technology
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kualitas pelepah sawit dan jerami padi menggunakan teknologi Fiber Cracking yang dikombinasikan dengan molasses terhadap fermentasi silase untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan level molasses terhadap pH, kondisi silase secara organoleptik, total VFA, NH₃, KCBA dan KCBO. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor A (perbedaan hijauan), 4 faktor B (level penambahan molasses 0%, 1%, 3% dan 5%). Data dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan sidik ragan ANOVA kemudian diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan dan dilanjut dengan uji interaksi. Analisis data menggunakan softwarw SPSS versi 2.0. Hasil penelitian yang didapat pada ph silase memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap faktor bahan. Hasil yang didapatkan pada analisis in-vitro memberikan pengaruh yang tidak signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap KCBK, KCBO, NH3, VFA total dan ph supernatan. Pemberian molasses tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap faktor bahan dan level pemberian yang digunakan, serta interaksi antara faktor bahan dan faktor level penambahan molasses., This study aims to analyze the quality of oil palm midrib and rice straw using Fiber Cracking technology combined with molasses on silage fermentation to see the effect of adding molasses level to pH, organoleptic silage conditions, total VFA, NH₃, KCBA, and KCBO. The method used in this study was a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors. Factor A (forage differences), factor B (level of addition of molasses 0%, 1%, 3%, and 5%). The data were statistically analyzed using ANOVA, then tested continued with Duncan's test, and it is continued with the interaction test. Data analysis using SPSS software version 2.0. The results of the obtained ph silage exerted a significant influence (P<0.05) on material factors. The results obtained in-vitro analysis exerted an insignificant influence (P>0.05) on dry matter digestibility (KCBK), organic matter digestibility (KCBO), NH3, VFA, and pH supernatant. The administration of molasses has no signifikan effect (P>0.05) on the material factor and the level of administration used, as well as the interaction between the material factor and the molasses addition level factor.
Keyword: fiber cracing technology, molasses, palm oil fronds, rice straw

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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