Judul: Heat Unit Optimization as Measured Harvest Criteria of Mas Kirana Banana (Musa acuminata AA Group)
Abstrak: Produksi pisang di Indonesia terus meningkat setiap tahun. Buah pisang merupakan buah klimakterik yang memiliki karakteristik mudah rusak sehingga dibutuhkan penanganan panen yang tepat. Penentuan waktu panen merupakan fase yang penting untuk dapat menghasilkan pisang dengan kualitas baik dan umur simpan yang panjang. Salah satu metode penentuan waktu panen yang terukur adalah dengan menggunakan akumulasi satuan panas. Percobaan ini bertujuan mengevaluasi satuan panas 650 °C hari setelah antesis sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Mas Kirana. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamantri IPB, Bogor, Jawa Barat, pada bulan Desember 2021 hingga Februari 2022. Analisis laboratorium dilakukan di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB pada bulan Januari hingga Maret 2022. Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal, yaitu waktu antesis, yang terdiri dari lima perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan waktu antesis pada pisang Mas Kirana yang dipanen dengan akumulasi satuan panas 650 oC hari setelah antesis secara umum tidak mempengaruhi kriteria panen, laju respirasi, kualitas fisik buah, dan kualitas kimia buah pada tingkat kematangan pascapanen yang sama, Banana production in Indonesia is increasing every year. Banana is a climacteric fruit that has perishable characteristics so that need to get the proper harvest handling. Determination of harvest time is an important phase to be able to produce bananas with good quality and long shelf life. One method of determining the measured harvest time is to use heat units. The objectives of this study were to evaluated the heat unit accumulation of 650 °C day after anthesis as a criterion for measurable harvest of “Mas Kirana” banana. The research was conducted at Sukamantri IPB Experimental Station, Bogor, in December 2021 to February 2022. Laboratory analysis was conducted in Postharvest Laboratory IPB in January to March 2022. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Design with a single factor, time of anthesis, which consisted of five treatments. The experimental results showed that the difference in the time of anthesis on Mas Kirana bananas harvested with the accumulation of heat units at 650 oC days after anthesis generally did not affect the harvest criteria, respiration rate, physical quality of the fruit, and chemical quality of the fruit at the same postharvest maturity level.
Keyword: anthesis, degree day, postharvest, shelf life

Judul: Heat Unit Establishment as Measurable Harvest Criteria for Raja Bulu Banana (Musa sp. AAB Group)
Abstrak: Pisang merupakan buah klimakterik sehingga penting untuk menentukan waktu panen yang tepat dan terukur dengan mangakumulasikan satuan panas yang diterima tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi akumulasi satuan panas 1400 ˚C hari sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Raja Bulu. Penandaan tanaman dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan IPB Sukamantri dengan elevasi 520 meter di atas permukaan laut (m dpl) pada bulan Januari hingga Februari 2023 serta pengujian kualitas buah dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2023 di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu perbedaan waktu antesis dengan lima perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa akumulasi satuan panas ±1400 ˚C hari setelah antesis dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Raja Bulu dengan umur simpan buah 8–13 hari setelah panen. Perbedaan waktu antesis tidak mempengaruhi komponen hasil produksi, laju respirasi, kualitas fisik, serta kualitas kimia pisang Raja Bulu pada stadia kematangan pascapanen yang sama., Banana is a climacteric fruit, that is why determining the correct and measurable of harvest time are important and we can do with accumulating heat units received by plants. The objectives of this research were to evaluated the heat unit accumulation of 1400°C day after anthesis as a criteria for measurable harvest of Raja Bulu banana. Plant tagging was started from January to February 2023 at the Experimental Garden of IPB Sukamantri (520 meters above sea level) and postharvest observation was started from October to December2023 in the Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with a single factor, time of anthesis, which consisted of five treatments. The experimental results showed that the accumulation of heat units of ±1400°C days can be used as a reference to determine the harvest time of Raja Bulu banana with a shelf life ranging from 8–13 days after anthesis. The difference in the time of anthesis on Raja Bulu banana harvested did not affect the harvest character, respiration rate, physical quality of the fruit, and chemical quality of the fruit at the same postharvest maturity level.
Keyword: anthesis, chemical quality, physical quality, postharvest, shelf life

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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