Judul: Kajian Penerapan Strategi Produksi Bersih Di Sentra Industri Kecil Tapioka : Kasus Kelurahan Ciluar, Kecamatan Bogor Utara
Abstrak: The centralization of small scale industry has caused accumulation of industrial wastes being able to pollute the surrounding environment. One of centralization of small scale industry having the potential to cause environment problems is tapioca industry. One of tapioca small industry centers in Bogor can be found in Ciluar, North Bogor Sub-District. Environment problems as the impact of industrial activities can be solved by applying cleaner production strategy. Cleaner production is aimed to increase the efficiency of material usage and minimizing wastes, pollution, and environmental risks directly to the source. This research was aimed to study (1) the potentials of cleaner production application and industrial environment management, (2) to formulate alternatives of the cleaner production strategy for centralized small scale tapioca industry in Ciluar. The data being used consists of primary data (field observation, interviews, and questionnaires for experts) and secondary data. The implementation of cleaner production was analyzed based on technological, financial, and political aspects. The method of analysis being used was AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The centralized small scale tapioca industry in Ciluar produces crude tapioca to be sold to tapioca sieving industry. The solid wastes being produced is dried (onggok) to be sold. Meanwhile the waste water is drained to river without treatment. The suggestion for improvement activities consist of good housekeeping (worker training, water usage monitoring); increasing the rendemen with gobegan, keeping the quality by washing settling tanks everyday, and workers monitoring. Those activities need Rp.10.052.000 of capital with PBP 1 year and 7 months. AHP analysis resulted in the recommendation to maximize crude tapioca production efficiency by applying cleaner production has denoted that technology (0,434) is the most important factor, followed by capital (0,377) and regional government policy (0,189). The priority of cleaner production program is socialization and training of cleaner production application (0,429), integrated waste management (0,328), and socialization and training of crude tapioca quality increasing procedures (0,243). The strategy of cleaner production implementation consists of: (1) socialization and training of cleaner production by: a) increasing the awareness and motivation of businessman in maintaining environmental quality, b) accompanying group development; (2) accelerating production efficiency, (3) increasing the role of government; (4) increasing vocalism of tapioca producer in Ciluar.
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Judul: Kajian Peluang Penerapan Produksi Bersih Pada Industri Tahu Bandung (Studi Kasus di Industri Tahu PD XYZ Kota Serang)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi efisiensi produksi dengan menganalisa penerapan produksi bersih pada proses produksi tahu. Metode yang digunakan diantaranya tahap wawancara atau quick scan, identifikasi limbah dan inefisiensi (loss), identifikasi peluang produksi bersih, dan analisis kelayakan dari aspek teknis, lingkungan, dan ekonomi, serta penentuan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih. Tahapan proses pembuatan tahu yaitu perendaman, pencucian, penggilingan, pemasakan, penyaringan dan pengepresan, penggumpalan, penyaringan, pencetakan, pengepresan dan pemotongan, serta pewarnaan. Limbah yang terbentuk pada proses pembuatan tahu adalah limbah padat dan limbah cair yangdihasilkan selama proses produksi berlangsung. Konsumsi energi pada bagian produksi sebesar 41,509 MJ/kg kedelai dan bagian non produksi sebesar 0,0313 MJ/kg kedelai. Alternatif produksi bersih yang direkomendasikan yaitu (1) pencucian kedelai secara bertahap dengan nilai PBP 0,13 tahun dan B/C ratio 4,7 (2) penerapan Good Manufacturing Practice dengan nilai PBP 0,12 tahun dan B/C ratio 5,28 (3) penggunaan boiler untuk pemasakan sistem uap dengan nilai PBP 0,13 tahun dan B/C ratio 4,2 (4) pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari whey dengan nilai PBP 0,01 tahun dan B/C ratio 4,3 (5) pemanfaatan limbah cair menjadi biogas dengan nilai PBP 0,29 tahun dan B/C ratio 3,6. Berdasarkan hasil dari pemilihan prioritas peluang produksi bersih yang dilakukan didapatkan prioritas pertama yaitu pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari whey, This research aims to identify the potential of production efficiency by analyzing the application of cleaner production to the tofu production process. The methods used include the interview or quick scan stage, identification of waste and inefficiency (loss), identification of cleaner production opportunities, and feasibility analysis of technical, environmental, and economic aspects, as well as prioritizing the implementation of cleaner production. The stages of tofu manufacturing process are soaking, washing, grinding, cooking, filtering and pressing, clumping, filtering, printing, pressing and cutting, and coloring. The waste formed in the tofu manufacturing process is solid waste and liquid waste produced during the production process. Energy consumption in the production section amounted to 41,509 MJ / kg ofsoybeans andnon-production parts of 0.0313 MJ / kg ofsoybeans. Recommended net production alternatives are (1) gradual soy washing with a PBP value of 0.13 years and B /C ratio of 4.7 (2) the application of Good Manufacturing Practicewith a PBP value of0.12 years anda B/C ratio of 5.28 (3) the use of boilers for steam system cooking with a PBP value of 0.13 years and a B/C ratio of 4.2 (4) making liquid organic fertilizer from whey with a PBP value of 0.01 years and B/C ratio of 4.3 (5) utilization of liquid waste into biogas with a PBP value of 0.29 years and a B/C ratio of 3.6. Based on the results of the selection of priority of cleaner production opportunities carried out, the first priority is the manufacture ofliquid organic fertilizer from whey.
Keyword: Cleaner Production, B/C ratio, Industry Tofu

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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