Judul: Optimum soil tillage on dry land sugarcane cultivation
Abstrak: The objectives of the research were to study the relationship between soil tillage kind and intensities and soil density and penetration resistance, and sugarcane growth and productivity, to determine the range of optimum soil density and penetrasi resistance, and to determine optimum soil tillage method on dry land sugarcane cultivation.
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Judul: Pendekatan Precision Farming dalam Pemupukan N, P, dan K pada Budidaya Tebu: Studi Kasus di PT Gula Putih Mataram
Abstrak: In general, fertilization practice in sugar cane plantation does not consider spatial variability of soil fertility. The implications of this practice are wasting of fertilizer, decreasing productivity, increasing production cost, decreasing profit, and giving negative impact to the environment. This problem can be solved with application of precision farming approach. Many researches on precision farming, including fertilization activity, have been using many tools like geostatistics, artificial neural network, geographical information system, and decision support system. Nevertheless, those researches just use one tool or combination of two or three tools. This research was done by combining all of the fourth tools. The objectives of this research are: a) analyzing spatial variability of nutrient content of N, P, and K in sugar cane field; b) analyzing spatial variability of productivity in sugar cane field; c) determining N, P, and K requirement at a certain target of yield and sugar content; and d) developing decision support system software to support N, P, and K fertilization based on precision farming approach. The research was conducted from April 2002 until July 2003 in PT Gula Putih Mataram sugar cane plantation, Mataram Udik District, Central Lampung Regency, Lampung Province. The experiment used three treatments of fertilization namely: a) dosage based on the literature reference, b) dosage based on productivity target, and c) uniform dosage. Every block of experimental plot was divided into grids. The determination of fertilization dosage are based on the soil and leaf analysis. Soil and leaf samples were taken with grid center method. Applications of fertilizer were done manually. Fertilizers used were Urea + TSP for basic fertilization and Urea + KCl for second fertilization. The observation of vegetative growth was done on stem population, height of plant, diameter of stem, total number of leaf, and gap percentage. Besides, total number of sugar cane lodge, soil water content, percentage of covering weeds, and level of plant disease attack were observed. Yield is not determined from actual harvest yield but was predicted based on plant population and stem height. Backpro2N, GS+ for Windows, Surfer 8 and ArcView 3.3 were employed for software development. This research showed that precision farming approach in fertilization of N, P, and K could push the spatial variability of nutrient content and productivity. It also showed a moderately low to moderate spatial variability for N and moderately low to moderately high spatial variability for P and K. Land productivity has low to rather low spatial variability. Decision support system that has been built (STRAFERT-PF) can be used to: a) predict yield; b) determine N, P, and K requirement at a certain target of yield and sugar content; c) determine fertilizer dosage; d) analyze spatial variability; e) make field information map; and f) perform cost analysis. The result of this research showed that fertilization with precision farming approach could push the percentage of wasting fertilizer up to 53.47% for Urea and at least 86.96% for TSP; increased productivity 7.6 – 10.7%, and increased profit 1.09%. It also showed that fertilization with precision farming approach could push excessive fertilizer for KCl and increase the
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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