Judul: Frozen Semen Quality of Simmental Cattle in Various Commercial Diluents
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh berbagai jenis pengencer komersial terhadap kualitas semen beku sapi simmental. Semen segar dari tiga ekor sapi simmental dikoleksi menggunakan metode vagina buatan dua kali dalam seminggu. Semen yang menunjukkan motilitas ≥70% diproses menjadi semen beku dengan metode pengenceran satu tahap, menggunakan pengencer komersial dengan sumber lesitin berbeda, Andromed®, Optixcell®, dan Steridyl®. Semen yang telah diencerkan dikemas dalam ministraw, diekuilibrasi dan dibekukan kemudian disimpan dalam kontainer untuk pengujian lebih lanjut. Data dianalisis dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA), dilanjutkan dengan analisis Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) taraf kepercayaan 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengencer komersial memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap motilitas, viabilitas, membran plasma utuh (MPU), abnormalitas, dan recovery rate sperma semen beku (P<0,05). Jenis pengencer komersial dengan berbagai sumber lesitin menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda. Simpulannya adalah pengencer komersial yang efektif digunakan adalah Steridyl® diikuti oleh Optixcell® yang memiliki motilitas sperma semen beku >40%, dapat digunakan untuk Inseminasi Buatan., The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different commercial diluents on the quality of frozen Simmental semen. Fresh semen from 3 Simmental bulls was extracted using an artificial vaginal method was performed twice a week. Fresh semen processed to frozen semen by the one-step dilution method had a motility of >70%. The commercial diluents used were Andromed®, Optixcell®, and Steridyl®. The diluted semen was packed into mini-containers, equilibrated, frozen and then stored in containers for further testing. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) analysis with a 5% confidence level. The results showed that commercial diluents had a significant effect on motility, viability, intact plasma membrane, abnormalities, and recovery rate of frozen semen (P<0.05). Commercial diluents with different sources of lecithin showed different results on the quality of frozen semen. The conclusion is the most effective commercial diluent is Steridyl®, followed by Optixcell®, which produces >40% frozen semen motility produced and can be used for Artificial Insemination.
Keyword: commercial diluents, frozen semen, Simmental

Judul: Friesian Holstein Bull Frozen Semen Quality Using Skim Milk and Citrate-Egg Yolk Nanoparticles Extenders
Abstrak: Inseminasi buatan menggunakan semen beku dilakukan untuk meningkatkan populasi sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kualitas semen beku sapi FH menggunakan pengencer susu skim dan sitrat-kuning telur nanopartikel. Kuning telur nanopartikel dibuat dengan metode milling selama 110 menit. Semen dikoleksi menggunakan vagina buatan, kemudian dievaluasi dan diencerkan dengan pengencer Susu skim (SK), Sitrat kuning telur nanopartikel 5% (SKTN 5), Sitrat-kuning telur nanopartikel 10% (SKTN 10), dan Sitrat-kuning telur nanopartikel 20% (SKTN 20. Semen diekuilibrasi, dibekukan dengan uap nitrogen (N2) cair, direndam sesaat dalam N2 cair dan disimpan dalam kontainer N2 cair. Semen beku dithawing dengan air hangat (37ºC) selama 30 detik dan dievaluasi kualitasnya terhadap karakteristik motilitas progresif, dengan metode estimasi dan CASA, viabilitas, membran plasma utuh (MPU), dan recovery rate (RR). Perbedaan nyata (P<0,05) ditemukan pada motilitas porgresif, MPU, dan RR dari spermatozoa. Pengencer Sitrat-kuning telur nanopartikel secara keseluruhan mampu mempertahankan kualitas spermatozoa selama proses pembekuan lebih baik jika dibandingkan Susu skim., Artificial insemination using frozen semen is used to increase the population of Friesian Holstein (FH) cattle in Indonesia. This study aims to compare FH frozen semen quality using skim milk and egg yolk nanoparticle-citrate extenders. To make nanoparticles, egg yolks were milled for 110 minutes. The semen is collected using artificial vagina, then evaluated and diluted with Skim milk (SM), Egg yolk nanoparticle-citrate 5% (EYNC 5), Egg yolk nanoparticle-citrate 10% (EYNC 10), and Egg yolk nanoparticle-citrate 20% (EYNC 20). Semen is then equilibrated, frozen by liquid nitrogen vapor, and then submerged in liquid nitrogen before stored in liquid nitrogen. The frozen semen is thawed with warm water (37ºC) for 30 seconds and then evaluated. The quality of frozen semen was evaluated by the progressive motility, using estimation and CASA method, viability, membrane integrity (MI), and recovery rate (RR). Significant differences (P<0.05) were found among the sperm progressive motility, MI, and RR. Egg yolk nanoparticles in citrate buffer can maintain sperm quality in cryopreservation better than skim milk
Keyword: CASA, egg yolk nanoparticle, Friesian Holstein, frozen semen, skim milk

Judul: Perhitungan Energi Disosiasi Ca-O dan C-O pada Gugus Fungsi Hidroksiapatit Menggunakan PemodelanSpektroskopi Inframerah
Abstrak: Modeling the functional groups of hydroxyapatite can be used to obtain absorption wave numbers and the spring constant. Analysis of energy release is done by calculating the functional group dissociation energy. This study is a theoretical calculation of the hydroxyl group (OH-), phosphate (PO43-), and carbonate (CO32-) using spring models. Modeling OH- group obtained wavenumber absorption 3417.4316 cm-1, 3430.6485 cm-1, and 3437.4887 cm-1. Modelling group PO43- absorption wave numbers obtained 1059.3734 cm-1, 1085.2559 cm-1, and 1070.2309 cm-1. CO32- modeling group obtained wavenumber absorption 1187.5995 cm-1, 1167.7597 cm-1, and 1120.2595 cm-1. Bond dissociation energy of CO on the hydroxyl group is 572.3579 kJ/mol. Bond dissociation energy of Ca-O in the carbonate group is 586.9238 kJ/mol, whereas the carbonate group is 677.4847 kJ/mol. Theoretical absorption wave numbers OH- and PO43- consistent with the hypothesis while CO32- group is smaller than the hypothesized value.
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