Judul: Indeks Kepekaaan Lingkungan Ekosistem Mangrove Dengan Interpretasi Citra Digital Studi Kasus: Pesisir Barat Pulau Bangka, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka Belitung
Abstrak: Dampak akibat tumpahan minyak antara lain adalah rusaknya ekosistem pesisir seperti terumbu karang, mangrove dan padang lamun yang merupakan sumber nutrien utama bagi ikan, rusaknya lokasi-lokasi budidaya perikanan, matinya ikan di perairan di daerah tangkapan dan lain-lain. Salah satu solusi untuk mengurangi dampak pencemaran tumpahan minyak adalah dengan memetakan tingkat kerentanan lingkungannya berdasarkan indeks kepekaan lingkungan, yang salah satu inovasinya adalah dengan menggunakan teknologi algoritma interpretasi citra digital yang diintegrasikan dengan kemampuan teknologi GIS (Geographic Information System). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan algoritma interpretasi citra digital dan analisis dengan perangkat lunak berbasis GIS dalam aplikasi analisis Indeks Ekologi (IE) Ekosistem Mangrove. Lokasi aplikasi pengembangan pendekatan penelitian ini dilakukan di ekosistem mangrove di sepanjang pesisir barat Pulau Bangka. Jenis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer bersumber dari hasil survei dan pengukuran langsung dilapangan, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari studi literatur. Data primer yang dikumpulkan berupa data tipe substrat pesisir pantai, jenis spesies pohon mangrove, tingkat kerapatan pohon mangrove. Sedangkan data sekunder yang dikumpulkan berupa data pasang surut pesisir barat Pulau Bangka, data tangkapan ikan penduduk, data wisata lokal dan status perlindungan area nasional. Data primer dan data sekunder selanjutnya diolah untuk membentuk parameter IKL. IKL dibentuk dari indeks kerentanan (IK), indeks ekologi (IE), dan indeks sosial ekonomi (IS). Parameter IK yang digunakan adalah tipe substrat pesisir dan kemiringan pantai. IE diperoleh dari kerapatan mangrove, sensitivitas mangrove, lama perendaman saat pasang air laut dan status perlindungan area. Sedangkan parameter yang digunakan dalam penentuan IS mangrove terdiri dari aktivitas penangkapan ikan, potensi wisata, dan nilai ekonomi mangrove. Algoritma interpretasi citra Landsat 8 pada penyusunan IE yang terkait dengan parameter jenis mangrove berdasarkan sensitivitasnya terhadap tumpahan minyakmemberikan tingkat akurasi 84% jika dibandingkan jika dibandingkan dengan survei lapang. Dan penggunaan fasilitas weighted overlay pada perangkat lunak ArcGIS untuk menentukan nilai IKL total memliki perbedaan sebesar 24% jika dibandingkan dengan metode manual. Terdapat dua kelas IKL pada seluruh unit analisis, yaitu sensitif hingga sangat sensitif, parameter penentu yang cukup dominan terhadap hasil IKL dalam penelitian ini adalah tingkat sensitivitas mangrove, kerapatan mangrove dan luas area mangrove. Analisis risiko terhadap unit analisis di area penelitian menghasilkan informasi untuk bulan yang berisiko tinggi hingga sangat tinggi terjadi pada bulan Mei hingga Oktober dengan unit analisis Tanjung Punai, Belolaut, Rambat dan Kampak yang berpotensi memiliki tingkat kerusakan yang tinggi apabila terkena tumpahan minyak.
Keyword: Environmentak Sensitivity Index (ESI), Geographic Information System(GIS), Algorithm, Mangrove, Risk

Judul: Analisis Metode Indeks Kepekaan Lingkungan Ekosistem Mangrove terhadap Tumpahan Minyak, Studi Kasus di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Subang
Abstrak: Mangrove ecosystem is one of the coastal ecosystems that very vulnerable to oil spills. Oil spill on mangrove ecosystem can cause direct mortality. Oil polution in the long term on mangrove ecosystem can disturb another organism that live in mangrove, also influencing socio-economic life of people who depend their life to mangrove ecosystem. With the result that, efforts to prevent or minimize the risk of oil spills in coastal areas is needed. Enviromental sensitivity index (ESI) is an index that can determine the sensitivity level of environmental to oil spills. This research aims to develop environmental sensitivity index of mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Subang, West Java Province to oil spill. Types of data were used in this study consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by survey in the field, while secondary data was obtained by literature study. Primary data was collected including mangrove ecosystem data, type of substrates, and socio-economics data that related to mangrove ecosystem. While secondary data was including coastal physical characteristics and hydrooceanography. These data were used to form ESI parameters. Furthermore the ESI was applied in the studied area and then the sensitivity area was shown on ESI map. The ESI was comprised of three types of index consist of vulnerability index (VI), ecology index (EI), and socio-economic index (SI). The paramaters of VI consist of slope, tides, tidal range, height of wave, type of substrate, and mangrove distance from the coast. The parameters of EI consist of mangrove zonation, density of mangrove, diversity of mangroves, stage of mangrove, protected wildlife, and status of mangrove protection. The parameters of SI consists of two components including social and economic components. The social component was based on mangrove resource utilization by human, such as fisheries potential, wood potential, and tourism potential, while the economic component was counting from biomass of mangrove. The formula of ESI was used is ( ) ( ) it divided into 5 sensitivity levels (not sensitive, less sensitive, moderate, sensitive and very sensitive). Generally coastal areas of Subang were slightly slope, mixed semidiurnal of tidal type, average wave height is 0.4 meters, muddy substrate and mangrove found in the shoreline. In observation areas founded three genus of mangrove (Avicennia sp, Sonneratia sp, and Rhizophora sp.) with different densities. The mangrove ecosystem at Subang is protected area. Protected wildlife did not found on mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove used for fisheries activities (as an area of ponds, catching eels and crabs) and the use of wood (as fuelwood, building materials, materials for fishing gear). The ESI aplication on mangrove ecosystem in observation areas showed that some mangrove have sensitive and moderate ESI level. The most of areas moderate to oil spill except to Tegal Tike, Anggaranu, and Tanjung. These area are sensitive to oil spill
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Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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