Judul: Analisis Market Share dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Crude Palm Oil Indonesia Ke Negara EU27
Abstrak: Sejak tahun 2012 ekspor CPO Indonesia ke Uni Eropa 27 dengan kode HS 151110 terus menurun. Penurunan ini di indikasikan karena adanya kampanye hitam (black campign) dan keluarga kebijakan Renewable Energy Derivative (RED). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis market share berupa pangsa pasar dan daya saing dengan metode CMSA. Selain itu penelitian ini juga menganalisisi CPO Indonesia di faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor CPO ke EU27. Gravity model data panel digunakan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor CPO Indonesia ke sembilan negara di Uni Eropa 27. Variabel yang digunakan adalah GDP riil per kapita negera Uni Eropa, GDP riil per kapita Indonesia, nilai tukar riil, harga ekspor, dan jarak ekonomi. Dari lima variabel yang digunakan terdapat tiga variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan pada taraf nyata 5% yaitu varibel jarak ekonomi, GDP riil per kapita Indonesia dan harga ekspor. Empat variabel berpengaruh positif sedangkan satu variabel berpengaruh negatif terhadap ekspor CPO. Berdasarkan analisis CMSA, penurunan ekspor CPO ke Uni Eropa disebabkan oleh berkurangnya kemampuan penetrasi CPO Indonesia.
Keyword: Black Campaign, CMSA, Gravity Model, RED

Judul: Effect of Black Campaign for Palm Oil (CPO) on Indonesian CPO Export Volume to Export Destination Countries
Abstrak: Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu sub-sektor perkebunan Indonesia yang menjadi komoditas andalan ekspor non migas dengan bentuk produk olahan utamanya yaitu minyak sawit mentah atau Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Pertumbuhan produksi CPO Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya. Munculnya black campaign membuat ekspor CPO Indonesia menjadi terhambat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan volume ekspor CPO Indonesia dan menganalisis pengaruh black campaign CPO terhadap volume ekspor CPO Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi data panel dalam kurun waktu 2000-2019 ke tiga negara tujuan ekspor yaitu Belanda, Spanyol, dan Italia. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan volume ekspor CPO Indonesia berfluktuatif dan cenderung menurun. Kemudian variabel harga ekspor CPO Indonesia ke negara tujuan, harga internasional minyak kedelai, GDP riil per kapita negara importir, nilai tukar riil rupiah dan black campaign berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor CPO Indonesia. Sedangkan variabel harga internasional CPO di pasar dunia tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor CPO Indonesia., Palm oil in the form of Crude Palm Oil, is one of Indonesian main export commodities. Indonesian CPO production growth is increasing every year, and yet the emergence of a black campaign has hampered Indonesia's CPO exports. This study aims to analyze the dynamic of Indonesian CPO export volume and analyze the effect of the CPO black campaign on Indonesian CPO export volume. Panel data regression analysis for the period of 2000-2019 to three export destination countries, The Netherlands, Spain, and Italy, shows that the development of Indonesian CPO export volume fluctuates and tends to decline. Then variables of Indonesian CPO export prices to destination countries, soybean oil international prices, real GDP per capita of importing countries, real rupiah exchange rates and black campaigns, have a significant effect on Indonesia's CPO export volume. Meanwhile, the international price of CPO in the world market has no significant effect on the volume of Indonesian CPO exports.
Keyword: Black Campaign, CPO, Export Demand, Fixed Effect Model

Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum