Judul: Eksplorasi Peran Mikrob dan Status Hara Tanaman terhadap Pembentukan Gaharu pada Aquilaria malaccensis
Abstrak: Agarwood is known as one of non-timber forest commodity in the world. Agarwood has a lot of function such as raw material for perfume, incense, cosmetics, and medicine for some diseases. Indonesia has a good potential resource to produce agarwoods. At present, mechanism and processes of agarwood formation is not yet known exactly. There are three hypothesis in agarwood formation, that are 1) pathology hypothesis, 2) sliced dan pathology, and 3) non-pathology hypothesis. Meanwhile, ancient community used traditional system to stimulate agarwood formation by slicing, nailing, branch cutting, and peeling of stem rind. This research was done to know microbial effect and plant nutrition status in Aquilaria malaccensis and their correlation in agarwood formation. Chemical and biological analysis were used in this research. Chemical analysis was used to determine plant nutrition status. Meanwhile biological analysis was used to examine the microbes that caused agarwood formation. The result of this reseach showed that agarwood was formed either because of assosiation between microbes and Aquilaria malaccensis and slicing in that plant. The highest microbial population was found in branch protected by canopy. According to physiologic analysis, not all microbes in agarwood can dissolve cellulose and pectin. A high number of Agarwood was formed in plant with high N and Mn contents. Field trial showed that fungi were more potential than bacteria in agarwood formation
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Judul: Peranan Zat Ekstraktif Dalam Pembentukan Gaharu Pada Aquilaria crassna Pierre ex Lecomte dan Aquilaria microcarpa Baill
Abstrak: This research is aimed at investigating the anti fungal activity (AFA), the correlation of gaharu tree’s phenolics in relation with the susceptibility of the trees to Fusarium bulbigenum attack in the formation of agarwood, and to observe total phenolics content and tree’s chemicals of Aquilaria crassna and Aquilaria microcarpa pre-inoculation, the reology of tree’s chemical and microorganism change along inoculation time. There were variations of anti fungal activity among trees, and the highest is at tree no. 10 that AFA was in the middle class (39,77%), but entirely agarwood trees exhibited a low anti fungal activity at lab scale. Further fractionation and bioassay showed that the most active component are likely in the ethyl acetate fraction that exhibited strong anti fungal activity at 4% concentration. Trees as many as 20 of A. microcarpa at Carita and 10 of A. crassna at Darmaga were inoculated with isolate of F.bulbigenum in spiral pattern around the stem. Prior to inoculation, strips were taken from the stem for total phenolics content and chemicals analyzing. The result revealed that total phenolics content and infection area exhibited a negative correlation, which means the higher the phenolics content, the smaller the infection area. The preinoculation chemicals analysis showed that tree with smaller infection area had larger type of compounds and higher concentration of phenolics than tree with wider one. Some chemicals that at certain plants acted as defense system, according to some references, were found at higher concentration in the gaharu trees with smaller infection or they were not even traced in other tree. The reology analysis revealed that the largest types of compounds were noticed at three day’s old inoculation. Agarwood constituents and other aromatic compounds were detected since three days after inoculation which is indicated the agarwood formation was taken place. Meanwhile, the microbiology analysis showed there was no microbes change in the inoculation sites along 6 month inoculation time, but some small insects, such as ants and bugs, were found at the area.
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Judul: Truncated Stop Loss as a Optimal Solution of Reinsurance Agreement in One-Period Model
Abstrak: Reinsurance is one of risk management efforts of an insurance company, which is called the cedent. Similar with insurance, reinsurance constitutes the cedent to pay the premium. We consider one-period reinsurance model and derive a rule which minimizes the ruin probability of the cedent for a fixed reinsurance premium. Therefore, it is needed to construct an optimal reinsurance agreement for the cedent. The premium is calculated according to four different principles, i.e. economic, generalized zero-utility, Esscher, and mean-variance principles. Stop loss is a reinsurance contract which protect the insurance company for losses that exceed a certain amount. The result of this research shows that a truncated stop loss is an optimal agreement in the class of all reinsurance contracts with various premiums calculated using above mentioned principles.
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