Judul: The Political Theoretical Principles for Social Enterprise: An Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Negara dan pasar memiliki peran mendasar dalam pencapaian kesejahteraan masyarakat. Negara dengan otoritas yang sah mengemban tanggung jawab untuk mengatur, memberikan perlindungan, serta menyediakan barang publik bagi warganya. Di sisi lain, pasar berfungsi sebagai mekanisme sosial yang memfasilitasi interaksi ekonomi antara pembeli dan penjual. Realitanya pasar dan negara sering mengalami hambatan dalam mencapai tujuan masing-masing. Dalam konteks ini, social enterprise hadir sebagai solusi yang memiliki peran penting dalam mengisi celah kegagalan pasar dan pemerintah. Namun, implementasi dan pengembangan social enterprise masih perlu diperkuat oleh landasan teoritis yang komprehensif dari berbagai cabang keilmuan, termasuk dari aspek ilmu politik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan identifikasi teori-teori ilmu politik untuk social enterprise dan mengkaji arsitektur teori social enterprise dari tinjauan ilmu politik. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan integrative literature review dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dari pangkalan data Proquest dan Scopus. Kajian literatur ini menghasilkan gambaran arsitektur teori-teori politik yang berhubungan dengan social enterprise. Penemuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa belum semua teori politik diterapkan dalam literatur terkait pengembangan social enterprise, terutama pada berbagai variabel yang melekat pada entitas social enterprise itu sendiri., The state and market play vital roles in societal well-being. The state regulates, protects, and provides public goods, while the market facilitates economic transactions. Despite their synergy, both encounter obstacles. Social enterprise addresses gaps from market and government failures. Its advancement requires a strong theoretical foundation, including insights from political science. This study identifies relevant political science theories and examines their integration into the social enterprise framework. Using integrative literature review methodology and data from ProQuest and Scopus, the study highlights that not all political theories are fully integrated into social enterprise literature, particularly regarding its inherent variables.
Keyword: Integrative Literature Review, Political Science, Political Theory, State and Business

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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