Judul: Sistem Penunjang Keputusan untuk Optimalisasi Pemanfaatan Limbah Pabrik Kelapa Sawit
Abstrak: Indonesian palm oil industry continues to experience a significant growth from year to year. The quantity of palm oil mill waste will be increased along with the development of the palm oil industry. Currently, various methods of processing and utilization of palm oil mill waste have been developed. Palm oil mill wastes have very large potential utilization so it can be financially profitable. However, in reality, most of the oil palm industry in Indonesia was not too interested with the methods of processing and utilization that have been developed because the implementation costs are relatively very expensive compared with conventional methods that they employ. On the other hand, quite many methods of waste processing and utilization of oil mills available today make the palm oil industry side needs to consider various factors in choosing the method will be applied to a selected method that can be applied appropriately and optimally. The purpose of this research is to develop a model system to help the oil palm industry side in the process of choosing a method of processing and utilization of palm oil mill waste. In addition, also presented information about the values of the utilization of palm oil mill waste so that expected value of applying a method of palm oil mill waste treatment is not only seen from the cost of implementation but also can be seen from the value of benefits to be obtained later. This research focused on optimizing utilization of palm oil mill effluent (POME) and empty fruit bunch (EFB). Several factors are considered in the selection process of treatment and the utilization method of palm oil mill waste. They are cost of processing and utilization of palm oil mill waste, the capacity of waste, capacity of processed waste products that can be utilized by the oil mills, and the value of benefits that can be obtained from that utilization. In addition, the level of achievement for purposes of processing and optimizing the utilization of palm oil mill waste should be considered too, they are implementing the handing method of palm oil mill waste with minimum cost, could minimize environmental pollution level, and could maximize profit that was obtained from waste utilization. The developed model is a decision support system model for optimization of waste utilization of palm oil mill waste. This model was implemented in computerized model system that is named PW Optima 1.0. PW Optima 1.0 program package has a model base management system, which consists of the analysis of the cost of handling waste model and optimization of waste utilization model. Analysis of the cost of handling waste model using a heuristic method to determine the value of fixed costs, non-fixed costs, operating costs and cost of goods from the application of processing and utilization methods of palm oil mill waste. Optimization of waste utilization model serve to produce recommendations in the form of waste processing and utilization methods that will applied. Objective function and constraint functions were formulated by using goal programming (GP) method combined with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Then, the optimal
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Judul: Kajian Peluang Aplikasi Produksi Bersih di Industri Kelapa Sawit. Studi Kasus di PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Unit Usaha Adolina-Perbaungan, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Palm oil mill is one of the most important industries that supporting the Indonesian’s economy in vacancy of employment, the provision of industrial raw materials, development, and sources of national revenue from non-gas sector. Palm oil mill produces CPO (Crude Palm Oil) and PKO (Palm Kernel Oil). Environmental pollution is one of consequence from palm oil mill that needs special concern. This condition can make a dangerous effect for human and environment. Cleaner production is one of the efforts to improve effectiveness, efficiency of the process, and minimize waste. This research identifies the alternatives recommended of cleaner production in palm oil mill using the case study of palm oil mills at PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV (Persero) Unit Usaha Adolina. The focus of the analysis is done by looking at the financial aspects of the implementation of the recommended alternative. Determination of priorities to be carried out by AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) from experts. The analysis showed that implementation of recommended alternative provide some benefits. The application of good house-keeping will give financial gain Rp. 1.8941 billion/year, process modification will provide Rp. 0.2843 billion/year, and on-site reuse of Rp. 1.6934 billion/year. Alternative assessment of AHP seen from technical factors, economic, and environmental. The priority of alternative that will be implemented are optimization Standar Operational Procedure (0.179), efficiency of water use (0.167), good operating procedures (0.152), use of palm oil mill effluent as biogas (0.152), optimizing the utilization of EFB (0.116), FFA controlling (0.104), collecting split oil by making condensate pond (0.083), and the last is preventing contaminant of FFB (0.046).
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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