Judul: Fermentasi Kopi Menggunakan Bakteri Xilanolitik dari Luwak
Abstrak: Civet coffee is a coffee produced by civet and come out with feces. One of the predominant microorganisms involved for civet fermentation is xylanolitic bacteria. This study was aimed to select the best xylanolitic bacteria and use it in the fermentation. The xylanolitic bacteria has been tested and identified as Agrobacterium tumifaciens and Stenotrophomonas sp. However, these experiments use only Agrobacterium tumifaciens because it has higher enzyme activity than Stenotrophomonas sp. The fermentation was held at 30, 40, and 50oC for five days. The enzyme activity, shrinkage weights, levels of carbohydrate and protein content were tested daily. The second and third day of fermentation at 30 and 40oC showed a relative higher decrease of shrinkage weight and carbohydrate content. It suggests a good fermentation conditions for civet coffee production. The organic acid in the coffee were analyzed by HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatographic). The oxalic acid, lactic acid, ascorbic acid and caffeine content of the experiment were lower whereas the butyric acid was higher than the civet coffee. The experiment fermentation gave a better quality coffee product than civet coffee.
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Judul: Produksi Kopi Secara Enzimatis Menggunakan Bakteri Proteolitik dan Kombinasi Bakteri Selulolitik dan Xilanolitik Dari Luwak
Abstrak: Civet coffee is a commercial coffee produced from in vivo by civet. The production of civet coffee is rely on the availability and sustainability of civet life cycles. The purpose of this research was to produces civet like coffee by solid substrate fermentation. Coffee pulp (60 mesh) used as a media growth of bacteria and produced enzyme which used by coffee beans. The substrate of fermentation added inoculum at 10% (wet basis) and fermented for 4 days at 30oC and 37oC. Inoculum using a single bacteria (proteolytic), a mix between cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria, and a mix between proteolytic, cellulolytic, and xylanolytic bacteria. Data measured were reducing sugar, total sugar, protein content and enzyme activity daily. Coffee beans from the best fermentation for each treatment analyzed by HPLC. Fermentation using proteolytic bacteria shown best performance at 37oC for one day incubation, fermentation using a mix cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria at 30oC after three days incubation and the combination of three bacteria similar to using combination of two bacteria. Quality of fermented coffee based on organic acids and caffeine content equivalent to the original civet coffee. For all treatments was lower caffeine contents than civet coffee. Organic acids in fermented coffee shown higher lactate, butyrate, and ascorbate acids and lower oxalate acids. Fermented coffee has a better nutrition contents than original civet coffee.
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Judul: Analisis Kekuatan Pondasi Tiang Pancang terhadap Beban Gempa pada Gedung RSUD Kota Depok Berdasarkan SNI 1726:2012
Abstrak: Pondasi adalah bagian terendah dari bangunan yang meneruskan beban bangunan ke tanah atau batuan yang ada di bawahnya. RSUD Kota Depok yang dibangun pada tahun 2008 perlu dievaluasi kekuatannya terhadap beban gempa berdasarkan SNI 1726:2012. Berdasarkan penelitian, nilai kapasitas dukung ultimit tiang sebesar 388.8 ton dan daya dukung ijin sebesar 129.6 ton. Daya dukung aksial kuat menahan beban aksial kecuali pada pondasi jenis PC18. Nilai daya dukung aksial pemodelan pada PC18 sebesar 19 991.99 kN sedangkan hasil perhitungan sebesar 15 424.33 kN. Nilai daya dukung lateral (Hu) tiang pancang sebesar 1132.13 kN dan nilai daya dukung lateral pemodelan terbesar berada pada jenis PC7 pada arah gaya Y (Hy) dengan nilai 802.70 kN. Penurunan tunggal pondasi pada gedung RSUD Kota Depok sebesar 1.17 cm. Penurunan kelompok terbesar terjadi pada PC18 sebesar 5.17 cm. Penurunan izin pada PC18 sebesar 58.5 cm. Nilai daya dukung dan penurunan pondasi hasil perhitungan lebih besar dibanding nilai yang didapat dari pemodelan melalui program ETABS, maka dapat disimpulkan daya dukung dan penurunan pondasi RSUD Kota Depok aman.
Keyword: daya dukung, gempa, penurunan pondasi, tiang pancang