Judul: Keragaman Spesies Ular Temuan Masyarakat di Area Permukiman Wilayah Jabodetabek.
Abstrak: Pembangunan dan kehilangan habitat di Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi (Jabodetabek) berdampak pada ular yang harus beradaptasi di ekosistem urban dan meningkatkan perjumpaan dengan manusia. Ular di sekitar permukiman dapat menimbulkan konflik antara manusia dengan ular. Komunitas reptil, Pest Control, dan Pemadam Kebakaran sering kali mendapat panggilan untuk relokasi ular. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keragaman jenis ular yang sering dijumpai warga di permukiman Jabodetabek, serta mendokumentasikan upaya yang telah dilakukan organisasi dalam mitigasi konflik melalui relokasi ular di permukiman. Data dihimpun dengan cara studi data sekunder dan wawancara. Terdapat 37 jenis ular yang ditemukan warga atau 75% dari seluruh jenis ular yang ada di Jabodetabek. Naja sputatrix adalah jenis yang paling banyak ditemukan. Jakarta adalah wilayah terbanyak laporan perjumpaan ular. Konflik manusia dengan ular dimitigasi dengan relokasi ular, edukasi, dan translokasi meskipun harus ada evalusi lebih lanjut mengenai dampak translokasi.
Keyword: Jabodetabek, Keragaman, Mitigasi konflik, Naja sputatrix, Ular

Judul: Perdagangan dan Pemanfaatan Ular secara Tradisional di Wilayah Bogor
Abstrak: Berbagai persepsi tentang ular terdapat pada masyarakat antara lain ular merupakan hewan berbahaya yang dapat meracuni manusia dan dapat membunuh temak, namun ternyata ular juga dapat menguntungkan manusia karena ular merupakan pemangsa alami hama seperti tikus. Ular merupakan sumberdaya fauna yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu kornoditi yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi tinggi (O'Shea, 1996 dan Link, 2005). Pemanenan ular dalam skala besar, temtama untuk tujuan komersial merupakan penyebab utama langkanya berbagai spesies. Selain itu, berkurangnya habitat akihat konversi hutan besarbesaran di daerah tropis juga menjadi penyebab utama tingginya kepunahan spesies (Supriatna, 1995). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perburuan ular di alam meliputi : karakteristik responden, teknik berburu, jenis yang diburu, lokasi perburuan, dan kriteria ular yang diburu, serta mengidentifikasi bentuk pemanfaatan ular secara tradisional serta mengkaji al~up erdagangan ular di wilayah Bogor. Metode pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi lapangan, dan studi pustaka. Wawancara dilakukan terhadap masyarakat yang memanfaatkan ular. Observasi lapangan dilakukan untuk mendnpatkan data yang akurat dengan cara mengamati.
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Judul: Process engineering of cassava pulp hydrolysis using microwave heating for ethanol production
Abstrak: Cassava pulp is a potential source of carbohydrates. In this work, characteristics of the cassava pulp were analyzed and validity of microwave irradiation for hydrolysis of carbohydrates, especially starch present in the cassava pulp, was estimated as a non-enzymatic saccharification technique. The hydrolysis was performed in water and acid medium. In addition, the role of activated carbon in the microwave-assisted hydrolysis was also evaluated. An optimization of the hydrolysis was conducted using Central Composite Design (CCD) and was analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Fermentation of cassava pulp hydrolysates produced from microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis was performed to those added with activated carbon (25% w/w) and those without activated carbon by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There were two types of activated carbon, which have different adsorption properties, used in this experiment. Results of the cassava pulp characterization shows that the starch granules in the cassava pulp were trapped in biomass matrices, so that the starch was harder to hydrolyze than the free starch, such as that in tapioca flour. Microwave-assisted hydrolysis of cassava pulp can be completed in less than 15 minutes in water medium, and less than 10 minutes in acid medium. The addition of activated carbon improved hydrolysis of cassava pulp starch in water medium with suppression of formation of the secondary decomposed materials. The highest glucose yield obtained from cassava pulp was 46% of dry matter or 52% of theoretical, which was about 60% higher than the one without the addition of activated carbon. On the contrary, the addition of activated carbon decreased the glucose yield when the hydrolysis was performed in acid medium (0.5% H2SO4). The glucose yield could reach 80.8% of dry matter or 91.5% of theoretical yield when no activated carbon was added in the acid medium. The estimated optimum condition for cassava pulp hydrolysis under microwave irradiation was using 0.88% sulfuric acid with 9 minutes of heating time, which resulted in 85% of theoretical glucose yield and 140 g/L glucose concentration. At the end of the fermentation the ethanol yield and concentration obtained in the samples treated with activated carbon (0.41-0.43 g ethanol / g glucose consumed; 34-35 g/L) were lower than that not treated with activated carbon or those treated with activated carbon which was added after hydrolysis (0.48 g ethanol / glucose consumed; 38- 39 g/L). However, the fermentation was completed very much faster in the hydrolysates treated with the activated carbon which has a high adsorption capacity than in that not treated with activated carbon or those treated with activated carbon of low adsorption capacity. Therefore, ethanol productivities (0.44-0.55 g/L/h) of the former were higher than the latter (0.28-0.34 g/L/h).
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