Judul: Peranan es dalam penangkapan ikan segar
Abstrak: Tujuan penulisan ini ialah untuk memberikan gambaran pentingnya peranan es dalam penanganan ikan segar bagi para nelayan, pengusaha penangkapan sebagai pengelola unit penang- kapan, para pedagang dan sebagainya. Untuk pemakaian es yang sempurna dan agar mutu ikan da- pat dipertahankan, maka perlu diketahui dasar-dasar pendingin- an; bentuk dan struktur wadah untuk pengepakan, tempat penju- alan dan kebersihan dalam penanganan ikan maupun sarananya. Usaha ini merupakan bagian dari industri perikanan dengan ri- siko yang cukup tinggi. Mengingat sifat ikan yang mudah mem- busuk, maka perlu mendapat perhatian yang sungguh-sungguh baik terhadap ikannya maupun terhadap perawatan sarananya. Jenis es yang dipakai untuk mendinginkan ikan segar antara lain es balok (block ios) dan es curai (small ice). Es yang baik dan praktis dipakai dalam pendinginan ikan segar adalah es curai karena ukurannya kecil dan halus sehingga da- pat menyelubungi ikan dan tidak merusak fisik ikan. Sedang- kan yang umum dipakai di Indonesia adalah es balok. Kalau es balok akan digunakan harus dipecah-pecah danulu sesuai dengan ukuran yang diinginkan.
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Judul: Tingkat kebutuhan es untuk keperluan penangkapan ikan di pelabuhan perikanan samudera Nizam Zachman Jakarta
Abstrak: Kondisi penangkapan ikan yang dilakukan dalam jarak dekat maupun jauh menyebabkan kapa-kapal membutuhkan es untuk mempertahankan kualitas hasil tangkapan. Adanya suatu kebutuhan es tersebut menyebabkan perlu ketersediaan es di pelabuhan yang cukup berdasarkan kualitas, jumlah dan ketersediaan pada waktu yang tepat.
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates