Judul: The Effect of Sambiloto, Adas and Sirih Merah Extract on Avian Influenza Virus Infection in Broiler: Histopathology of Liver and Kidney.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh pemberian formula ekstrak sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata), adas (Foeniculum vulgare), dan sirih merah (Piper crocatum) dalam menghambat infeksi virus avian influenza H5N1 pada ayam broiler. Komponen aktif yang terkandung dalam masing-masing tanaman obat yakni andrografolid (sambiloto), anetol (adas), dan piperin (sirih merah). Ayam broiler dibagi menjadi delapan kelompok; dua kelompok masing-masing sebagai kontrol negatif (tanpa ekstrak, tanpa vaksinasi) dan kontrol positif (tanpa ekstrak, divaksin); enam kelompok diberi formula ekstrak dengan konsentrasi 5%, 7,5%, dan 10%. Keenam kelompok yang diberi formula ekstrak terdiri atas tiga kelompok divaksinasi, dan tiga kelompok tidak mendapat vaksinasi. Setelah diinfeksi dengan virus avian influenza H5N1, diambil satu sampel dari masingmasing kelompok untuk dinekropsi. Organ hati dan ginjal dari masing-masing sampel dibuat preparat histopatologi lalu diamati dan dievaluasi secara mikroskopis. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa kelompok perlakuan yang diberi 7,5% formula ekstrak menunjukkan lesio histopatologi yang paling ringan dibandingkan dengan kelompok perlakuan lainnya.
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Judul: Potensi Sambiloto, Sirih Merah, dan Adas pada Broiler yang Divaksin dan Ditantang Virus Avian Influenza H5N1: Kajian Histopatologi Organ Limforetikular, Mortalitas, dan Serologis
Abstrak: Avian influenza virus caused great loss in public health, economy, and potentially caused pandemic. In human, use of antiviral drugs has believed causing appeared the antiviral-resistant srain of Avian Influenza (AI) virus. Thus it was crucial to find other more effective alternative medicine. The objective of this research was to study the effect of different concentration of ethanol-extract formula of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees), adas (Foeniculum vulgare), and sirih merah (Piper crocatum) in inhibiting H5N1 virus infection in broiler. Broiler were divided into four groups namely control (aquadest), herb extract formulations with three concentrations which were 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. All broilers were vaccinated and challenged with H5N1 AI virus after being treated with herb extract. Observations were done on the mortality, antibody titer, and histopathology of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus and bursa Fabricius). The result of this study indicated that treatment with ethanol-extract formulations of sambiloto, adas, and sirih merah 5% gave the best ability to inhibit mortality, increasing antibody titer, and reduce the damage of lymphoid organ among the other treatments.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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