Judul: Sifat Fisik dan Palatabilitas Pasta Daging Kambing dengan Metode Kominusi dan Frekuensi Leaching yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Goat (Capra sp.) as one of small ruminant animal has been domesticated in some countries, including Indonesia. Mutton is less acceptable by consumer due to its goaty smell, even though -as a protein source- contain essential amino acids which are needed by human body. By that means, mutton process in limited ways and resulting limited products. Leaching technique and comminuting method (a method which is reducing meat particle size), are some of technique to reduce or eliminate goaty smell in mutton. The aim of the research was to study physical characteristic and palatability of mutton pasta processed by comminuting method and different leaching frequency. The research used Complete Randomized Design Factorial Pattern with three repetitions. The first factor (A) was comminuting method consist of ground meat and small cutting meat (1.5x1.5x1.5 cm3 in size). The second factor (B) was leaching frequency which had three levels frequency: 0, 3 and 6 times. Data was analyzed by Analysis of Variants continued to Least Significant Mean if the results gave different effect. Observed parameters were color, aroma, texture, taste and spread ability, was evaluated by hedonic test using 50 panelists inexperienced. Data analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis Test and if it gave different effect continued to Rank Mean Compared Test. The research’s results showed that interaction between comminuting method and leaching frequency gave significant different effect to emulsion stability of mutton pasta.
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Judul: Sifat Kimia dan Organoleptik Pasta Daging Kambing dengan Perlakuan Leaching dan Metode Kominusi
Abstrak: Goat is small ruminant raised for meat production. However, the meat is less favorable due to its off-odour which comes from water soluable protein and contain fatty acids. Leaching ground goat meat before further processing may reduce the offodour, but it can result in severaly reduced nutrition content of the meat. Comminution technique to a larger particle size is expectedly prevent high nutrition less. This study was aimed to examined to influence of comminution techniques and leaching frequency on nutrition composition and organoleptic properties of goat meat paste. The experiment used randomized block factorial design, with two levels of comminution technique and two levels leaching frequency as the factor. The result showed that there were no interaction effects between comminution and leaching on nutrition composition of goat meat paste. An interaction effect between comminution and leaching was significant (P<0.05) on the color of the goat meat paste. The paste from the ground meat and theree times leaching possessed brighter color than that from the other treatment combination. Comminution to a larger particle size resulted in significantly more oily appearance if compared to grinding comminution.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4