Judul: Kajian proses pengeringan bioinsektisida dari Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai menggunakan tray dryer
Abstrak: Fermentasi substrat padat untuk produksi bioinsektisida dari Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai belum banyak dilakukan. Fermentasi substrat padat mempunyai beberapa keunggulan dibandingkan dengan fermentasi substrat cair yaitu prosesnya mudah dilakukan, dapat memanfaatkan limbah padat pertanian sebagai substrat, kebutuhan airnya sedikit sehingga mengurangi resiko kontaminasi oleh bakteri lainnya, konsentrasi produk (spora dan kristal protein) yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi dan lebih mudah dalam melakukan proses pengeringan. Substrat padat yang digunakan dalam fermentasi juga dapat melindungi spora dan kristal protein terhadap panas saat dilakukan pengeringan, sehingga setelah dipanen produk bisa langsung dikeringkan dan tingkat kerusakan produk dapat dikurangi. Penggunaan alat pengering akan mempengaruhi karakteristik produk dan tingkat toksisitas bioinsektisida karena bahan aktif (8-endotoksin) bioinsektisida komponen utamanya berupa protein yang rentan terhadap perlakuan panas. Selain itu, pada bioinsektisida juga terdapat spora dari Bacillus thuringiensis yang mempunyai tingkat kerentanan terhadap panas yang sedikit lebih tinggi. Dengan adanya perbedaan tingkat kerentanan tersebut, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengkajian terhadap waktu dan suhu pengeringan yang optimum untuk mendapatkan produk yang diharapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui pengaruh ketebalan media fermentasi terhadap pertumbuhan spora, mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan waktu pengeringan menggunakan pengering tray dryer terhadap karakteristik dan toksisitas produk bioinsektisida, serta untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan alat pengering terhadap toksisitas bioinsektisida.
Keyword: Drying of bioinsectiside, Tray dryer, Solid state fermentation, Bacillus thuringiensis aizawai

Judul: Proses Produksi Bioinsektisida Bacillus thuringiensis Isolat Lokal Menggunakan Limbah Agroindustri pada Kultivasi Media Padat.
Abstrak: Due to increased awareness of the need for safe insecticide, currently the use of bioinsecticide is increasingly in demand by farmers who want to produce vegetables and fruits safe for consumption. Also, it is used in the control of mosquito larvae that can be vectors of several dangerous diseases. The use of safe insecticides is needed, so as not to pollute the soil, water and other living creatures. The advantages of using microbial bioinsecticide are safe, environmentally friendly, specific to certain insect pests, not harmful to pets, do not result in residues on crops and soil. The purpose of this research was to develop the production process of bioinsecticide (Bacillus thuringiensis) using local isolates with starter and cultivation media of agroindustrial by products, using solid state cultivation, in order to obtain bioinsecticide that is cheap and easy to produce. The purpose of each stage are to obtained isolate characteristics suitable with the solid state cultivation and suitable with climatic environment in Indonesia, development of starter from agroindustrial waste, design the condition of solid state cultivation production process using agroindustrial waste, and for evaluation and analysis of efficacy in the target insects. The stages of research began from isolate isolation from Attacus atlas and Bombyx mori caterpillar carrions. Isolates further obtained were then characterized and identified to obtain B. thuringiensis, from both isolates obtained, it was then selected one of the most suitable for solid state cultivation. The next stage was the selection of starter medium from agroindustrial waste, followed by a bioinsecticide production using the mixed media of sago lees and iles-iles lees by solid state cultivation. Bioinsecticide produced was characterized by amino acid content protein profiles and toxicity ability against A. aegepty larvae dan C. pavonana larvae. B. thuringiensis producing endotoxins that served as a bioinsecticide active ingredient could be isolated from A. atlas and B. mori caterpillar carrions from Bogor, Indonesia. The isolate characteristics of A. atlas caterpillar are the bacteria belonging to Gram-positive, having flagella, punctiform shaped colonies, slimy, white, rod-shaped vegetative cells with a length of approximately 1700 nm and a width of about 830 nm. The protein crystals yielded are spherical, with a diameter of 470-770 nm, and diameter of spore of 550-750 nm. The isolate characteristics of B. mori caterpillar are, belonging to Gram-positive bacteria, motile, circular, white and slimy, long and round vegetative cells with a length approximately of 3900-9500 nm and a width approximately of 830 nm. The protein crystals yielded are spherical, bipyramid and cuboid with a size of 300-700 nm, and diameter of spore of 500-750 nm. Philogenetic tree reconstruction showed that both isolates are in the same cluster with B. thuringiensis. Of two selected isolates, for bioinsecticide production by solid state cultivation is isolates from A. atlas. Selection of isolate is based on the nature of higher motility characteristic, cell growth, the number of spores produced and their toxicity against the test insects. Starter media is selected based on the growth parameters of B. thuringiensisin tofu whey media, tofu whey plus urea, coconut water, and nutrient broth. It is obtained the
Keyword: Bioinsecticide, solid-state cultivation, B. thuringiensis, solid waste sago, solid waste iles-iles

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.