Judul: Konstruksi promotor gen leafy kakao pada vektor ekspresi dengan sistem gateway dan transformasi ke Agrobacterium sp.
Abstrak: Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the plantations with a good prospect because the world demand of cocoa is expected to be growing. The increased demand of cacao is contributed with a major problems related to the cultivation is cherelle wilt. Cherelle wilt in cocoa is a physiological disease that cause by the abnormalities of the genes who is responsible to the flowering process. One of the genes that play a major role in the flower formation is the LEAFY gene and LEAFY gene promoter is expected to activate LEAFY genes. The objective of this research is to construct three size of LEAFY gene promoter (1041 bp, 702 bp, and 349 bp) into the expression vector with gateway system by knowing the size of an effective related to the gene expressed. LEAFY gene promoter in size 1041 bp, 702 bp, and 349 bp to be inserted into a donor vector (pDONRTM221) and then into the specific destination vector for promoter. The recombinant plasmid has been analyzed after transformation into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL-O give a result in a DNA band about 8002 bp, 7663 bp, and 7310 bp. The conclusion of this research by the three measures of LEAFY gene promoter, which is 1041 bp, 702 bp, and 349 bp have been successfully inserted into the expression vector with the gateway system and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL-O then ready to be transferred into the plant.
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Judul: Isolasi Promotor Gen LFY pada Tanaman Theobroma cacao L. dengan Teknik Genome WalkingTM
Abstrak: Cacao is one of the main agricultural commodities in Indonesia. Unfortunately, there are many obstacles faced by Indonesian cacao farmers, which results in the low cacao productivity. A major obstacle is the cherelle wilt disease. This disease is affected by the central flowering gene (gene LFY), whose expression level is regulated by its promoter. The objective of this research is to isolate the promoter of gene LFY, to then be cloned into its cloning and expression vectors. The promoter isolation was done from a young cacao leaf. The DNA in the leaf was extracted first, and then the promoter was isolated using Genome WalkingTM technique. Subsequently, the sequencing method and Softberry software were utilized to determine the promoter’s nucleotides. The result, which was then confirmed by TATA box, proved the existence of gene LFY promoter fragment. A fragment of 1650 bp size was then cloned into cloning and expression vectors: pGEM-T Easy and pCambia 1303. Next, the plasmid of the recombinant DNA was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens using the AGLO strain. The conclusion of this research is that the gene LFY promoter of Theobroma cacao L. can be isolated using the Genome WalkingTM method, enabling more information on the occurence of cherelle wilt on cacao plants.
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Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg