Judul: Pengaruh umur telur ayam ras terhadap sifat fisik angel food cake
Abstrak: Angel food cake is a bakery product that use ability and stability of haming, which is adventages hnctional properties of egg albumen. Ability arid stability of egg albumen depend on factors, one of them is the age of the egg. This research used eggs at the age 0, 7, and 14 days. The parameter that observed to make angel food cake is physical characteristic. The parameter physical characteristic- that obsmed are porous, volume ratio, spesific vohme, and taderness. Result of this research about all parameters that observed showed that increase along with the age of the, egg. Key words: Angel Food Cake, Age of The Egg, Porous, Increasing Volume Ratio, Spesific Volume, Tenderness
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Judul: Sifat fisik, kimia dan organoleptik cake yang dibuat dari telur dengan umur dan metode pengocokan yang berbeda
Abstrak: Mulai meningkatnya kesadaran masyarakat terhadap pentingnya cara hidup sehat menyebabkan pemakaian bahan kimia pada produk pangan dikurangi atau bahkan dihindari sama sekali. Cake adalah salah satu produk pangan yang selama ini diberi campuran bahan pengembang kimia dalam bahan bakunya. Pembuatan cake yang tidak menggunakan bahan pengembang kimia menyebabkan perlu dilakukan modifikasi pada bahan-bahan campuran cake agar cake dapat mengembang dengan baik. Modifikasi ini dapat dilakukan pada bahan-bahan yang memiliki fungsi memberikan bentuk dan struktur cake, yaitu telur dan terigu. Salah satu faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi sifat fisik cake, terutama sifat volume pengembangan dan kestabilannya adalah umur telur. Penggunaan metode pengocokan yang berbeda diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat fisik cake yang dibuat dari telur dengan umur yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik, kimia dan organoleptik cake yang dibuat dengan menggunakan umur telur dan metode pengocokan yang berbeda. Rancangan percobaan untuk sifat fisik yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 3x3, dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah umur telur yaitu 1, 7, dan 13 hari. Faktor kedua adalah metode pengocokan yaitu metode A, metode B, dan metode C. Metode A: kuning telur dan putih telur dikocok bersama, metode B: putih telur dan kuning telur dikocok secara terpisah, dimana putih telur yang telah dikocok didiamkan selama 30 menit, dan hasil tirisan putih telur dipisahkan (tidak digunakan). Metode C: putih telur dikurangi sepertiga bagian dari berat putih telur yang digunakan, kemudian putih dan kuning telur dikocok bersama-sama. Pembuatan cake dilakukan pada saat yang sama untuk satu ulangan dari semua perlakuan...
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Judul: Merremia dennstedt ex endlicher (Convolvulaceae) in Sumatra.
Abstrak: Merremia is a small genus in the family Convolvulaceae. Merremia is a perennial or annual herb or woody liana with stems creeping or twinning on trees or rocks, put out milky white sap when injured and some species with tubers. Merremia is often confused with genus Ipomoea, due to they have resemblance in funnel shaped or campanulate corolla and straight anther. Phenetically, some members of Merremia have yellow flower whereas Ipomoea has white, purple or purplish white. Merremia is also confused with Operculina due both have non-spinulose pollen and dehiscent capsule. Nevertheless, Operculina characterized by circumciselli capsule and Merremia characterized by valve capsule. The important character in Merremia is the spread of the hairs on corolla that can be easily observed at the mature flower bud. The genus Merremia is found in the tropical regions of both hemispheres. Merremia wildly distributed throughout the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and approximately there were 80 species of Merremia in the world. A Total of 175 sheets (164 collection numbers) which are deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense, 97 sheets (95 collection numbers) which are deposited Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and 9 sheets (4 collection numbers) which are deposited in BIOTROP Herbarium (BIOT) were studied. It composed of all specimens of Merremia in Sumatra. Additional specimens were collected by the author 28 sheets (15 collection numbers) from North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Lampung, which are stored in BO and BIOT. The digital data that consist of type specimens and distributions of species from JSTOR Plant Science and Convolvulaceae Unlimited were also used here. All the hebarium specimens were studied based on their morphological characters following de Vogel (1987) and Rifai (1976). The terminology of morphological characters followed Lawrence (1955), Veldkamp (1987), Harris and Harris (1994), Hickey and King (2005) and Stearn (1983). Information on the habitat, ecology, distribution, vernacular names and uses were noted from the specimens label and literatures. Taxonomic studies in Sumatra were conducted. There are eight species, one subspecies, one varietas and two forma from nine previously species (M. cissoides, M. dissecta, M. emarginata, M. hirta, M. peltata, M. quinquefolia, M. tridentata, M. tuberosa and M. vitifolia), two subspecies (M. umbellata ssp. orientalis and M. tridentata ssp. hastata), one varietas (M. boisiana var. sumatrana) and two forma (M. hederacea f. pubescens and M. hederacea f. barbata) can be recognized. One species (M. tridentata) and subspecies (M. tridentata ssp. hastata) are excluded because they have been proposed to different new taxa Xenostegia by Austin and Staples. The existence of M. emarginata was noted as new record in Sumatra and M. cissoides was noted as new record in Indonesia. A phylogenetic analysis using PAUP*4.Ob10 was undertaken based on morphological characters, using Evolvulus nummularius and Porana volubis as the out group. The phylogenetic analysis used 35 morphological characters was resulted consistency index (CI) = 0.60, homoplasy index (HI) = 0.40, retention index (RI) = 0.56 and Rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.34. Phylogenetic tree used morphological characters divided taxa into two groups. The separation support M. boisiana var. sumatrana, M. cissoides, M.
Keyword: Convolvulaceae, Merremia, morphology, phylogenetic, Sumatra