Judul: Effectivity of Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. as Double Inducer for Agarwood Formation in Aquilaria microcarpa.
Abstrak: Aquilaria microcarpa is one of the agarwood trees that produced the best quality of agar. The agar was formed on the infected tree. Acremonium sp. and Fusarium sp. are usually used as inoculant for agar production. Yet, Acremonium as single inoculant was not able to induce the tree to produce a good quality of agarwood. Therefore, Acremonium sp. was combined with Fusarium sp. (served as double inoculant) to induce agar production. This research was aimed at studying the effectiviness of double inoculants to improve quality of agar produce comparing to its single inoculant. A. microcarpa stem was first drilled to make holes, then the hole was filled with sugar solution (2%), inoculated by the first inoculant (A= Acremonium sp. or F= Fusarium sp.) and followed by second inoculant (F= Fusarium sp. or A= Acremonium sp.). Second inoculant was given one week after the first inoculant. Those inoculants were given in different holes in the same tree. Therefore, the treatments were composed of AF and FA as double inoculants, and A or F as a single inoculant. Effectivity of inoculation was determined on the bases of tree fitness and quality criteria such as wood discoloration (intensity, length and wide of browning zone), fragrance level and terpenoid contents. The effectivity was observed each month for four months period. Based on intensity of wood discoloration, length and wide of wood discoloration zone, and fragrance level, double inoculants tended to give a better result than single inoculant. AF stimulated fragrance formation that level and frequency of inoculation point with moderate and strongly fragrance were higher then those of FA. All inoculants, except single inoculant A, stimulated tree to produce triterpenoid. Key words: agarwood, Acremonium sp., Fusarium sp., single inoculant, double inoculant, terpenoid compound
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Judul: Effectivity of Acremonium sp. and Methyl Jasmonate to Improve Agarwood Quality of Aquilaria microcarpa.
Abstrak: Acremonium sp. and Methyl Jasmonate were able to induce the formation of agarwood. Yet, a single inoculant of either Acremonium sp. or MeJA did not induce the formation a good quality of agarwood. Therefore, an effort to improve the quality of agarwood produce should be conducted. This research was aimed to study the effectivity of Acremonium sp. in combination with MeJA to improve the quality agarwood of Aquilaria microcarpa. A. microcarpa stem was first wounded by drilling. The hole was injected by sugar solution 2%, and then inoculated by Acremonium sp. In combination treatment, Acremonium sp. was inoculated a week prior to MeJA injection. Tree fitness and agarwood quality component such as wood discolouration, fragrance level, and terpenoid accumulation were observed monthly for four months period. Acremonium sp. and MeJA influenced tree fitness throughout observation period. Acremonium sp. in combination with MeJA stimulated tree to form agarwood with better quality than the single inoculation. The terpenoids compound that was detected composed of sterol. The terpenoids accumulation associated with wood discolouration. The wood discolouration was not correlated with the fragrance level. The wood discolouration, fragrance level, and terpenoids contents were independent criteria in determining agarwood quality. Based on the classification of agarwood quality, Acremonium sp. in combination with MeJA could improve the agarwood quality from kemedangan V to kemedangan IV. Keyword: Acremonium sp., methyl jasmonate, agarwood, combination treatment, terpenoid, agarwood quality
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Judul: Simulasi Persamaan Keadaan Bintang Neutron Menggunakan Persamaan Polytropic dan Modified Gravity
Abstrak: Bintang neutron merupakan fase akhir dari suatu bintang yang berukuran cukup masif ketika telah kehabisan bahan bakarnya. Bintang ini tersusun atas beberapa macam materi penyusun, tetapi lebih didominasi oleh materi neutron terdegenerasi. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh bahwa dengan menggunakan pendekatan relativistic diperoleh jari-jari bintang neutron dengan nilai radius maksimum 32 km, sementara pendekatan nonrelativistic menghasilkan radius yang lebih kecil sebesar 11 km. Efek relativitas dalam hal ini akan meningkatkan nilai massa dan jari-jari bintang neutron. Pada variasi tekanan pusat, semakin besar tekanan pusat bintang neutron akan meningkatkan nilai massa dan mengecilkan nilai jari-jarinya. Pada pusat bintang, nilai rapat energi dan tekanannya sangat tinggi disebabkan oleh besarnya jumlah neutron di pusat dibandingkan di permukaan. Pada persamaan gravitasi termodifikasi yaitu persamaan Beyond Horndeski, profil bintang neutron akan lebih cocok pada parameter ϒ = -0.1 dengan massa maksimum sebesar 2.1851 Mʘ menggunakan pendekatan relativistic dan sebesar 0.791 Mʘ menggunakan pendekatan nonrelativistic .
Keyword: beyond horndeski, bintang neutron, Newtonian, efek relativistik, TOV