Judul: Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) analysis of blast (Pyricularia grisea, Secc) resistence in population derived from crossing between IR64 wild rice species, Oryza rufipogon, Griff)
Abstrak: Wild species of rice are the one of unique sources of genetic variation, which can be used for genetic improvement especially for quantitative traits. Blast disease caused by Pyricular grisea, Sacc, could cause high percentage of yeild losses o rice production. The improvement of blast resistence in rice is difficult due to the complexity of the inheritance of this trait as well as the dynamic of the pathogen.
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Judul: Resistance Test toward of 48 Lines Rice to Blast Disease (Pyricularia oryzae) Race 001
Abstrak: Blast disease, caused by Pyricularia oryzae Cav., is one of the major fungal diseases infected rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Indonesia. The aim of this research was to examine the resistance of rice from the infection of P. Oryzae race 001 and to detect the existance of Pi-ta gene in resistant lines of rice. Resistance evaluation to blast disease (Pyricularia oryzae) on Cisadane (resistant), Kencana Bali (susceptible) as control, and 48 lines of rice was carried out in the green house by using injection inoculated method with P. oryzae race 001. Rice seedling were planted on sterilize soil, and sixteen days old of rice were soaked in the fungal spore suspension (105 spores/ ml) in the dark for 24 hours, and moved to the light. Rice disease was observered on 7-9th days after infection. There were 2 step screening of blast-resistant, which screening I performed a total of three replicates and screening II performed from selected plant in screening I a total of two replicates for each line of rice, with 10 plants in each replication. The result of second screening at green house showed that 13 lines resistant to P. oryzae 001 were IPB140-F-2-1, IPB115-F-4-2-2, IPB113-F-2-2, IPB107-F-7-3, IPB140-F-5, IPB149-F-2, IPB149-F-8, Martapura, IPB149-F-4, IPB149-F-5, IPB113-F-1, IPB102-F-92-1-1, IPB107-F-5-1 with the percentage of resistance ≥ 80 %. Two pairs of DNA primers specific to the dominant indica Pi-ta gene were designed from DNA sequence in gene bank with accession number AF207842 to amplify the Pi-ta DNA fragments by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. The results revealed that all of 13 resistant and 2 susceptible lines (IPB107-F-18-4-2 and IPB107-F-16E-6) of rice carrying Pi-ta genes, even in Kencana Bali. The previous experiment shown that Kencana Bali does not have Pi-ta resistance gene. It is expected that Kencana Bali has deletion of Pi-ta resistance gene in the end part of exon 2. Further more, those results also indicated that Pi-ta gene did not confer resistance to race 001 of Pyricularia oryzae. Resistance to P. oryzae race 001 might be controlled by different resistant gene.
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Judul: Cream Formulation Using Avocado Oil Nanoemulsion with Addition of Nanocellulose as Stabilizer
Abstrak: Minyak alpukat merupakan sumber asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal tingkat tinggi dan senyawa penting lainnya. Minyak alpukat telah digunakan di banyak bidang, termasuk perawatan kulit dalam bentuk produk krim. Krim merupakan emulsi yang memiliki faktor penting dalam mutunya yaitu stabilitas. Kestabilan produk krim didukung oleh formulasi, teknik emulsifikasi dan emulsifier. Manfaat nanoemulsi adalah untuk membawa senyawa aktif lipofilik tinggi dan obat-obatan serta meningkatkan kualitas produk. Salah satu aspek terpenting dalam pembentukan emulsi adalah pemilihan emulsifier, karena memiliki peran dalam menyerap minyak pada antarmuka air. Nanoemulsi yang dibuat akan ditambahkan nanoselulosa sebagai stabilizer. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan krim dari nanoemulsi minyak alpukat dengan penambahan nanoselulosa. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan nanoselulosa terhadap stabilitas formulasi nanoemulsi minyak alpukat (2) mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan stabilitas nanoemulsi minyak alpukat pada formulasi krim. Adapun tahapan dari penelitian ini, pertama ekstraksi minyak alpukat menggunakan metode press cold. Kemudian tahap kedua yaitu sintesis nanoselulosa menggunakan hidrolisis asam (H2SO4). Tahap ketiga yaitu proses nanoemulsi dengan variasi formulasi nanoselulosa CNC, dietanolamida (DEA) dan minyak alpukat menggunakan ultrasonicator. Tahap keempat yaitu formulasi krim nanoemulsi minyak alpukat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi minyak alpukat formulasi I dengan konsentrasi DEA 3,5%, memiliki persentase stabilitas terbaik karakterisasi ukuran partikel terkecil yaitu 114,37 ± 0,38 nm, zeta potential -29,5 ± 1,23 mV, dan PdI 0,0935 ± 0,0135. Namun, pada formulasi II dengan konsentrasi CNC 1% dan DEA 3,5% ukuran partikel 148,2 ± 0,56 nm, zeta potential -32 ± 0,4 mV, dan PdI 0,12 ± 0,00608 memiliki presentasi stabil yang mirip dengan formulasi I pada minggu pertama penyimpanan. Karakterisasi krim nanoemulsi pada perlakuan terbaik tidak menunjukkan perubahan selama penyimpanan 8 minggu.
Keyword: minyak alpukat, nanoemulsi, nanokristal selulosa, nanoselulosa, stabilitas