Judul: Pembuatan Superabsorben melalui Kopolimerisasi Onggok Dikarboksilat dengan Asam Akrilat
Abstrak: Onggok is a by-product from tapioca industry which has solid shape and usually one-fist sized. The main objective of this study was to synthesize superabsorbent polymer (SAP) from onggok dicarboxylic by grafting-crosslinking copolymerization. Onggok oxidation was done in 2 stages, first with NaIO4 and then with 3 variation treatments of H2O2. The oxidation product was copolymerized with acrylic acid monomer by using ammonium peroxydisulfate as initiator and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker at 75 °C for 3 hours. Oxidation with 30% H2O2 produced high carboxyl content, but the absorption capacity of the copolymer product was lower than oxidation with 3% H2O2 producing lower carboxyl content. Neutralization of product with the highest absorption capacity increased the absorption capacity as much as 55%. The maximum absorption capacity in salt solutions was 95.91 g/g observed in 0.01 M NaCl, while in solutions with various pH, it was achieved at pH 7. The structure of SAP was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry method.
Keyword: superabsorbent, oxidation, hydrogen peroxide, onggok, acrylic acid

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Superabsorben Onggok-g-Asam Akrilat
Abstrak: Onggok is a solid waste from tapioca processing. The aim of this study is to modify onggok into superabsorbent polymer. The modification was conducted through grafting and crosslinking of acrylic acid (AA) on onggok backbone, with N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The synthesis was conducted at 70 oC for 3 hours and the water absorption capacity of the copolymer products were then measured. A 761.01 g/g value was obtained from copolymer composed of 4.5 g onggok, 25.5 g AA, 24 mg MBA, and 24 mg APS. The occurence of grafting-crosslinking copolymer was confirmed by infrared spectra, which exhibited all characteristic bands of both polysaccharide fractions of onggok and AA units. The absorbency of superabsorbents were measured in solutions having pH ranging from 2 to 11. The maximum value was 630.65 g/g at pH 6.65. The superabsorbent’s absorbency in salt solution was decreased with increasing ionic strength up to 0.342 M concentration of NaCl. The absorbency kinetics of superabsorbents were studied as well and the rate parameter in water was found to be 2.61 minutes for onngok with 60 mesh particle size.
Keyword: 

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
Keyword: