Judul: Effect of Gamma Ray Irradiation Dose on Genetic Diversity of Curly Red Chili (Capsicum annuum)
Abstrak: PKHT CK1 merupakan cabai merah keriting dengan sifat toleran suhu tinggi, namun produksinya masih rendah. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki genetik tanaman adalah dengan induksi mutasi fisik iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan karakter baru dari tanaman cabai PKHT CK1 dengan perlakuan mutasi iradiasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2022 hingga April 2023 di Kebun Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman AGH. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan faktor tunggal dosis iradiasi sinar gamma dan tiga ulangan. Bahan genetik yang digunakan adalah benih cabai merah keriting PKHT CK 1 dengan perlakuan iradiasi dosis 0 Gy (kontrol), 100 Gy, 150 Gy, dan 200 Gy. Berdasarkan penelitian, perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma berpengaruh nyata terhadap keragaman karakter jumlah biji per buah, namun mengakibatkan penurunan nilai rata-ratanya seiring dengan penambahan dosis iradiasi. Dosis 150 Gy berpotensi menghasilkan keragaman yang tinggi dikarenakan menghasilkan nilai koefisien keragaman terbesar khususnya pada karakter-karakter produksi, yaitu lebar kanopi tanaman, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot per buah, dan jumlah biji per buah., PKHT CK1 is a curly red chili with high temperature tolerant properties, but its production is still low. One way to improve plant genetics is by induction of physical mutations of gamma-ray irradiation. This study aims to produce new characters from PKHT CK1 chili plants with irradiation mutation treatment. The study was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023 at Tropical Horticultural Studies Center (PKHT) field and AGH Plant Breeding Laboratory. This study used randomized complete block design with a single factor of gamma-ray irradiation dose and three repeats. The genetic material used was PKHT CK1 curly red chili seeds with irradiation treatment doses 0 Gy (control), 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy. Based on research, gamma ray irradiation treatment has a significant effect on the average number of seeds per fruit thus resulting in a decrease in the number of seeds per fruit as the irradiation dose increases. Dose of 150 Gy has the potential to produce high diversity because it produces the largest diversity coefficient value, especially in production characteristics, namely plant canopy width, plant height, stem diameter, weight per fruit, and number of seeds per fruit.
Keyword: character, mutation induction, production

Judul: Morphological and Productivity Analysis of the Second Generation of Curly Chili Mutants (Capsicum annuum L.) Resulting from Gamma-Ray Irradiation
Abstrak: Cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang banyak dibudidayakan untuk keperluan industri makanan maupun kesehatan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi produktivitas cabai adalah kondisi iklim. Pemuliaan tanaman cabai dilakukan guna mendapatkan varietas yang tahan terhadap cekaman lingkungan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan cabai di masyarakat. Salah satu upaya untuk merakit varietas cabai unggul dapat melalui iradiasi sinar gama. Penelitian dilakukan bulan Oktober 2023-April 2024 di kebun Percobaan PKHT IPB Pasir Kuda. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) 3 ulangan dengan faktor tunggal yaitu genotipe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produktivitas genotipe uji HTCkr-1, HTCkr-11, dan HTCkr 2 memiliki potensi produktivitas yang tinggi meskipun tidak memiliki perbedaan signifikan terhadap varietas pembanding. Hasil produksi belum mencapai produktivitas nasional akibat faktor cekaman lingkungan yang cukup ekstrem. Pengamatan karakter kualitatif tidak menunjukkan variasi fenotipe pada seluruh genotipe uji. Analisis korelasi menunjukkan produktivitas cabai keriting memiliki hubungan positif yang sangat nyata terhadap karakter umur berbunga, umur panen, tinggi tanaman, tinggi dikotomus, diameter batang, lebar tajuk, diameter buah, bobot per buah, jumlah biji per buah, jumlah buah per tanaman, bobot buah per tanaman, dan bobot buah per petak., Chili pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) is a horticultural commodity widely cultivated for the food and health industries. One factor affecting chili productivity is climate conditions. Chili plant breeding is conducted to develop varieties that are resistant to environmental stress to meet the community's chili needs. One approach to developing superior chili varieties is through gamma-ray irradiation. The research was carried out from October 2023 to April 2024 at the PKHT IPB Pasir Kuda Experimental Field. The study used a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications and a single factor, namely genotype. The results showed that the productivity of the tested genotypes HTCkr-1, HTCkr-11, and HTCkr-2 had high productivity potential, although there were no significant differences compared to the control variety. The production results of this research had not reached national productivity levels due to the quite extreme environmental stress factors. Observations of qualitative characteristics did not show phenotypic variation in all tested genotypes. Correlation analysis showed that the productivity of curly chili had a highly significant positive relationship with the traits of flowering age, harvest age, plant height, dichotomous height, stem diameter, canopy width, fruit diameter, fruit weight per fruit, number of seeds per fruit, number of fruits per plant, fruit weight per plant, and fruit weight per plot.
Keyword: correlation, Genotype, character

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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