Judul: Dinamika Kebun Campuran : Studi Kasus Praktek Pemanfaatan Lahan Kering Secara Berkelanjutan di Desa Karacak Kecamatan Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: This research aims to explain why mixed garden still be managed by local community in Karacak. The study presents a qualitative analysis, applied to better understanding the dynamics of mixed garden that related to life of local community and strategy applied by the community in adaptation to environmental changes. This case study shows that mixed garden have been changed on physical changes and management changes. These changes are influenced by population, technology, market pressure, and policy. Mixed garden is not only a livelihood source but also a real life of local community. The mixed garden means that an sustainable land use on dry land which is occured through selection and adaptation process within interaction of human and their environment.
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Judul: Analysis of Sustainability and Wood Marketing at the Mixed Garden of Karacak Village, Leuwiliang District, Bogor
Abstrak: The objective of this study was to analyze the sustainability of the mixed garden at Karacak in performing its current functions (production, social, ecological) and examine the current marketing of wood at the mixed garden of Karacak. The study was conducted at the Village of Karacak, Bogor, from January to February 2011 by means of a survey and in-depth interviews. The management of Karacak’s mixed garden has not met the minimum requirements for the achievement of its sustainable functions (production, social, ecological) and is declared to have 'passed with some notes'. There are two marketing channels in Karacak Village: (1) the farmer share of only 7.46 % with the marketing margin of 72 % at the industry level and (2) the farmer share of 20% with the marketing margin of 80 % at the industry level. The average efficiency value of marketing the people’s timber coming from Karacak’s mixed garden is 47.09%. It is concluded that the management of the mixed farm does not meet the requirements for the achievement of its sustainable functions and the marketing at the village is not yet efficient.
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum