Judul: Prevalensi Penyakit yang Disebabkan oleh Parasit Darah pada Anjing di Companion Veterinary Clinic, Melaka, Malaysia.
Abstrak: A disease caused by canine blood parasites (tick-borne diseases), is a condition when dog is bitten by a tick carrying pathogen. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of diseases caused by canine blood parasites (Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis and Ehrlichliosis) at Companion Veterinary Clinic, Melaka, Malaysia from August 2020 to July 2022. Secondary data of 103 infected dogs were taken from the medical record. Dogs at their puppy stage were more commonly diagnosed at 26.21%. Both males and females show almost same prevalence which is 52.43% and 47.57% respectively. Mongrel have a relatively higher prevalence compared to pedigree dogs but there is no breed predisposition. Multiple infections cases are more common than single infection cases. Canine tick-borne diseases show higher prevalence between intermonsoon season in Malaysia. The most common clinical signs shown by dogs are anorexia, inactivity and bleeding diatheses. For supporting diagnosis, anemia and thrombocytopenia can be observed from the patients’ complete blood count results, test kit will show positive when antibodies or antigens are detected and parasites can also be observed under microscope using blood smear. Prevalence of tick borne diseases will be influenced by both intrinsic (age, sex) and extrinsic factors (weather)., Penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit darah pada anjing (penyakit kutu) adalah kondisi akibat anjing yang digigit oleh patogen pembawa kutu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai prevalensi penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit darah anjing (Anaplasmosis, Babesiosis dan Ehrlichliosis) di Companion Veterinary Clinic, Melaka, Malaysia dari Agustus 2020 hingga Juli 2022. Data sekunder diperoleh dari catatan medis 103 anjing yang terinfeksi. Anak anjing umumnya didiagnosa sebesar 26,21%. Baik anjing jantan maupun anjing betina menunjukkan prevalensi yang hampir sama yaitu masing-masing 52,43% dan 47,57%. Mongrel memiliki prevalensi yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan anjing pedigree tetapi tidak ada predisposisi ras. Kasus infeksi multipel lebih umum terjadi dibandingkan dengan kasus infeksi tunggal. Penyakit yang ditularkan melalui kutu anjing menunjukkan prevalensi yang lebih tinggi antara musim intermonsoon di Malaysia. Tanda-tanda klinis paling umum yang ditunjukkan oleh anjing adalah anoreksia, tidak aktif, dan diatesis berdarah. Untuk menunjang diagnosis, anemia dan trombositopenia dapat dilihat dari hasil hitung darah lengkap pasien. Test kit menunjukkan hasil positif bila antibodi atau antigen terdeteksi. Parasit juga dapat diamati di bawah mikroskop menggunakan apusan darah. Prevalensi penyakit kutu akan dipengaruhi oleh faktor intrinsik (umur, jenis kelamin) dan ekstrinsik (cuaca).
Keyword: blood parasites, canine, prevalence, tick-borne disease, parasit darah, anjing, prevalensi, kutu

Judul: Dog Ticks Infestation and Its Correlation to Tick-Borne Diseases.
Abstrak: Ticks infestation on dog could lead to itchiness, anemia, skin disorders, and tick-borne diseases, such as Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Besides dogs, Ehrlichiosis were known to be zoonotic. Pre-mature stage tick life cycle that occur outside its host, will enhance contacts between ticks and human. The study of ticks infestation and tick-borne diseases on the dog is necessary, because it has not a lot of information about the diversity, prevalence and degree of ticks infestation in Indonesia. Ticks survey, included ticks sampling and dogs blood test were performed at Animal Police Directorate Security Agency (Baharkam) and Atang Sendjaja Air Force (ATS). Meanwhile ticks sampling also data of cases of ticks infestation and diseases transmitted obtained from 21 veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung. All ticks samples stored in bottles containing 70% alcohol for identification. Blood tests performed for Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis diagnosis. The identification results of the 950 ticks samples that obtained from 97 dogs of Baharkam, ATS and veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung, showed only one ticks species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This ticks belong to three-host tick, which require three hosts to complete its life cycle. Each ticks stage need a host, either same dog (if it is in place there is only one or a few dogs), as well as different dogs. Research in Baharkam conducted on 81 dogs (53 males and 28 females). The prevalence of dogs infested by ticks was 67.90%. The percentage of male dogs that infested by ticks are larger (69.81%) than female (64.29%). Based on Chi-Square test, there was no relationship between sex and breed of dog with degree of ticks infestation. Generally dogs infested with mild infestation category (41.98%), meanwhile moderate category was 18.52%, 2.47% high and 4.94% very high. The dog’s body region that the most infested by R. sanguineus was dog's back. Probably these body regions were be preferred because they are less accessible for the dog to remove them with its paws. Collection of ticks with tick-drag on Baharkam grass field showed positive results on the field that was more often used to practice by dogs. The samples that obtained was larvae stage ticks with density 152 larvae on 215m2 area of the field. Adult stage ticks and several adult females which laying eggs on the cage wall were obtained in the dog kennels. Whole of male and female ATS dogs infested with ticks (14 dogs). In general, dogs infested with very high infestation category was 64.29%, compared by high degree category (21.43%) and moderate (14.29%). Ticks predilection were found mostly on the dog’s head – neck. On ATS grass field did not reveal any ticks, but positively inside the kennels. It happens probably because dogs are rarely released from the kennel, so that the ticks was did drop-off inside the kennel. The total cases of ticks infestation of dogs at Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung veterinary clinics in 2008 until June 2013 as many as 731 cases. In general, there was an increases of the ticks infestation prevalence at three cities in that range
Keyword: Anaplasma, Babesia, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus

Judul: Peran Surfaktan Setiltrimetilamonium Bromida dan Natrium Dodesil Sulfat pada Sintesis ZnO dengan Metode Hidrotermal
Abstrak: Zno crystal is the main preference material in various applications recently, such as in semiconductors, ultraviolet lasers, and catalysts. This study aims to synthesize ZnO with addition of surfactant. ZnO crystals were synthesized by reacting ZnSO4, KOH, and surfactants using hydrothermal method. The first step was to determine the best ratio of ZnSO4: KOH (1:2; 1:3; 1:4, and 1:5) based on X-ray diffraction. The second step was to evaluate the role of surfactan cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) on the synthesis of ZnO crystals. The result of this study showed the best ratio of ZnSO4:KOH was 1:3, based on the least of impurities and the highest degree of crystallinity (85.64%). The addition of surfactant CTAB and SDS in the synthesis of ZnO increased the degree of crystallinity, which were 98.28% and 92.17%, respectively. Based on mathematical calculation using Scherrer equation, the crystal size without surfactant was 32 nm, whereas with CTAB and SDS the crystallited size were 28 nm and 29 nm, respectively. The degree of crystallinity and crystal size indicated that CTAB surfactant produce ZnO crystals with the best characteristics as compared to SDS surfactant or without surfactant.
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