Judul: Aktivitas Hemaglutinin Olahan Koro Pedang (Canavalia ensiformis L.)
Abstrak: Nowadays, the most utilization of legumes as food product and the research activity of the health effect are still focused on soybean. Invention of soybean substitute alternative is needed to decrease soybean import and jack bean could be soybean substitute alternative. One of the inhibitor in food developing for legumes, is the antinutritional content. Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis L.) contains haemagglutinin such as Concanavalin A lectin which can give haemagglutination effect and reduce protein digestibility. The haemagglutinin activity could be reduced during jack bean processing. The objectives of this research were to analyze and determine jack bean product which has the least haemaglutinin activity. Raw jack beans were processed by: i) soaking and drying, ii) soaking and boiling for 20 minutes, iii) soaking and baking at 150 oC for 30 minutes, and iv) making tempeh. The highest protein content in jack bean extracts was in raw jack bean (40.39 mg/g sample db), meanwhile the lowest protein content was in tempeh (0.84 mg/g sample db). The boiled jack bean had the lowest haemagglutinin activity (8.99 HU/mg extracted protein db).
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Judul: Senyawa antidiabetik dari kacang koro pedang (Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC) dipengaruhi oleh proses pembuatan susu kacang
Abstrak: Jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis (L) DC) is one of tropical leguminous plants known to grow in Indonesia without received much attention as useful food commodity. Polyphenols with antioxidant activity, reported to be present in the beans, are recognized as having a potential health benefit in decreasing the risk of several chronic diseases, including diabetes. Diabetes is categorized as one of the serious glogal health problems and its prevalence in Indonesia significantly increased every year. Polyphenols in the Jack beans provide an opportunity if used as an ingredient in food products development. Jack bean milk was chosen as a food model in this study because this a plant-based milk is suitable for consumption of many people, including those who suffer lactose intolerance and who are vegetarians. To date, information related to active compounds as antidiabetics in these beans is still limited. Therefore this research aimed to investigate the bioactive compounds with antidiabetic potential from jack bean and their bioactivity during the bean milk processing. This research began by a screening of the jack bean extract potential and ascertaining the types of active compounds in it. Extraction using ethanol, methanol, and water was applied to the beans in a sequence. The next step was to utilize this beans in jack bean milk processing. Evaluation of phytochemical changes and antioxidant activity was investigated during the processing. The stability of the active compounds during the processing of jack bean milk was evaluated at the final stage of the study. The methanol extract from jack bean was known to contain the highest total phenolic and total flavonoid and also highest antioxidant activity compared to other extracts. However, even compared to red kidney beans, the potency was still lower; these results still indicated that these beans contained bioactive compounds that could be explored further. Boiling the beans for 30 minutes gave greater TPC and TFC than raw beans (R), and as a result its antioxidant activity was also increased. The structure of the seed matrix which expanded by the heat caused the compounds to be extracted more easily as shown by SEM picture. Overall, processing into jack bean milk caused a decrease in the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and DPPH free scavenging activity. A significant decrease in flavonoid content occurred after the second soaking explained that peeling the seed coat had a big effect. The more easily the flavonoids were released, made this compound easily dissolved in the soaking water. Processing into jack bean milk caused changes in components based on multivariate analysis, especially in decreasing levels of kaempferol glycosides. Total kaempferol glycosides of jack bean milk was decreased by 14.34% to 961.51 g/g from the raw bean (1122.41 g/g). Efforts to reduce the decrease in kaempferol levels were carried out by modifying the processing stages. Eliminating the soaking 2 (step 3) recovered about 9.10% of kaempferol glycoside in the product (1063.65 g/g). Anisoyl kaempferol glycoside content was known to have lower rates of reduction than those without anisoyl groups. Its availability in sufficient quantities in the product was predicted to be sufficient to
Keyword: Antioxidant activity, Bean milk, Canavalia ensiformis, Jack bean milk, Kaempferol glycoside

Judul: Eksistensi Nikah Siri di Masyarakat dan Posisi Perempuan
Abstrak: Nikah siri bukanlah merupakan fenomena baru di Indonesia, namun sudah ada sejak puluhan tahun silam, sebelum ada pencatatan pernikahan maka nikah siri adalah pernikahan yang sah menurut agama dan masyarakat, karena moda sosial ekonomi dan strategi nafkah berubah maka hak civil juga berubah dengan berbagai dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh nikah siri terutama bagi perempuan dan anak. Secara umum penelitian ini untuk mengungkap : (1) Tipologi nikah siri yang ada di Desa Warurejo dan aktor-aktor yang terlibat, fungsi manifes dan laten nikah siri pada masyarakat dan aktor-aktor yang menikmati fungsi manifes dan laten nikah siri. (2) Sistem nilai dan norma yang berlaku pada masyarakat, mengungkap pengaruh struktur terhadap posisi perempuan yang menikah siri, mendiskripsikan pemahaman agama Islam oleh masyarakat dan individu terhadap nikah siri. Pandangan individu, tokoh agama Islam, budaya, sosial dan masyarakat secara umum terhadap nikah siri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat empat tipologi nikah siri pada masyarakat Warurejo, yaitu: perjodohan antar kerabat, perjodohan oleh orangtua dan broker, menikah siri dengan batuan broker dan menikah siri atas kemauan sendiri. Nikah siri tidak hanya berdampak negatif tetapi memiliki fungsi positif yaitu mampu meningkatkan kehidupan ekonomi individu, jaringan nikah siri, Kyai dan infra struktur masyarakat. Pernikahan siri merupakan mekanisme untuk meringankan beban ekonomi orangtua. Mengawinkan anak dibawah umur walaupun dengan cara siri berarti pula meringankan beban ekonomi keluarga. Anak perempuan yang sudah menikah bukan lagi tanggungjawab orangtua, namun tanggungjawab seorang suami. Struktur berpengaruh terhadap posisi perempuan nikah siri, perempuan yang menikah walaupun siri, lebih dihormati dan dihargai dalam masyarakat daripada perempuan janda atau perawan yang belum menikah walaupun cukup umur. Selain itu, Kyai memiliki kekuasaan untuk menginterpretasikan hukum Islam untuk merasionalisasikan dan melegitimasi nikah siri, daripada melakukan perbuatan yang dilarang agama yaitu berzina dan berdosa. Interpretasi hukum agama disosialisasikan oleh Kyai bahwa sahnya suatu pernikahan dalam hukum Islam ditandai oleh adanya ijab qobul, sedangkan perayaannya merupakan sunnah yang boleh saja tidak dilaksanakan. Karena hukum agama Islam, memperbolehkan seorang laki-laki memiliki isteri lebih dari satu, sehingga terbentuk pola berupa aturan-aturan dan norma-norma untuk melegalkan nikah siri.
Keyword: Nikah siri actors, nikah siri network, economy, religious norms