Judul: Effect of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Flour, Oil and Probiotic Based Feed Provision on Bodyweight, Lipid Profile and C-Reactive Protein of Aged Female Cynomolgus Monkey.
Abstrak: Nowadays population of elderly people are increasing. The elderly are one among vulnerable groups due to weakening of immune. The aging process is related to the changes of BMI (Body Mass Index). The increase of obesity on the elderly is followed by the increase of prevalence of chronic diseases such as atherosclerocis, cognitive impairement, diabetic, hypertention, heart disease. Hence, alternative formulated specific food for elderly is urgently needed. The aim of research was to study the effect of catfish’ (Clarias gariepinus) flour, oil and probiotic E. faecium IS-27526 based feed provision on bodyweight, lipid profile and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) of aged female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). This study was conducted from March to august 2013 in Primate Research Center Bogor Agricultural University, Microbiology laboratory of Seafast and Atmajaya University, PT Carmelitha Lestari. This study consisted of two phases: a preliminary phase and the main phase. Preparation of animal and diet was conducted in preliminary phase. The age was determined by dentition, with body weight in a range of 2 – 4 kg. Animals were placed in the individual cages in the position where they can interact audiovisually. Nine aged female cynolmolgus monkeys were randomly divided into three groups, namely: standard diet (A1) group, standard diet + probiotic Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 (A2) group, standard diet + probiotic Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 + catfish oil (A3) group. Evaluation of bodyweight, blood lipid profile, and CRP were conducted monthly during 3 months intervention study. During intervention, there was no significant effect (p>0.05) of experimental diets on body weight in each group. However, probiotic tended to reduce the overweight risk. Total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol levels of monkeys with probiotic diet tended to be lower than other groups. There was no significant effect of the functional feed to triglyceride level and HDL cholesterol level, but the result showed monkeys fed with fish’ oil and probiotic E. faecium IS-27526 tended to decrease the triglyceride level compared with other groups. There was no effect of experimental diets on CRP which is marked by negative result of CRP test. Taken together, provision of probiotic diet (A2) reduced increment of body weight. Catfish oil tended to delay increment of trigliceryde. This study was expected to have a positive impact when applied to the elderly.
Keyword: blood lipid, catfish’ oil, Clarias gariepinus, cynomolgus monkey CRP

Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Minyak Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) dan Fermentasinya terhadap Profil Lipid dan Penanda Biologis Fungsi Kognitif Monyet Ekor Panjang Betina Usia Tua
Abstrak: The cause of cognitive decline and dementia until now is still unknown, but some studies suggest that the results of these conditions can be prevented. Nutrition is one of the factors that might impact on cognition in old age (Kalmijn et al. 2004; Solfrizzi et al. 2005; Panza et al. 2004). Intake of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol associated with dementia that begins with cognitive decline, while monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) shown to protect from cognitive impairment, and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) was thought to affect thrombosis. Catfish oil (CFO) which is a by product from processing catfish flour and its product development which is fermented catfish oil (FCFO) have fatty acids that may affect cognitive function. But both these oils have not been developed and commercialized. The aim of study was to evaluate the fat composition and physic-chemical of both CFO and FCFO and also to observe the effect of CFO and FCFO on the lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, and cognitive function in female aged cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis). The study of its effect was done by experimental study with complete randomized design. Subjects used in this study was 12 female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with ages range over 10 years and has been ovariectomized from PT. Indo Anilab Bogor. Subjects used in this study was 12 female cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) with ages range over 10 years and has been ovariectomized from PT. Indo Anilab Bogor. Aged determination was defined by using birth certificate and was assested with teeth arrangement of M3/M3. The other requirements were healthy and not suffering from infectious diseases. Twelve of cynomolgous were divided into 4 groups those were CFO group, FCFO group, and two groups BFT and SBO as a control groups. The groups formation were based on lipid profile evaluation result before beginning of intervention. Each group was given isocalory diet feed containing 0.2% cholesterol and 12% (w/w) of fat content: 3% from soybean oil, while 9% are from different fat sources each with beef tallow (BFT), catfish oil (CFO), fermented catfish oil (FCFO), and soybean oil (SBO). The intervention length was three months. All procedures were approved by the research ethics committee and animal welfare from PT. Bimana Indomedical Bogor on May 11, 2012 with ACUC number of p.03.12_IR. Parameter used in this study included body weight, lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides), lipid peroxidation (MDA levels in LDL), and cognitive biomarkers (amyloid beta levels and tau protein). Body weight measurement and blood sampling performed every 1 month, whereas for lipid peroxidation and biological markers of cognitive taken before and after the intervention. v Result showed that the fatty acid composition in sequence for CFO is MUFA (36%) > PUFA (32%) > SFA (31%), while FCFO is MUFA (43%) > SFA (42%) > PUFA (15%). The process of fermentation with lactic acid bacteria increase the content of stearic acid, arachidonic acid and CLA and decrease the content of linoleic acid and leinolenic acid. Physical characteris-tic and chemical Of CFO and FCFO are almost same. There was significant influence (P<0.05) of intervention
Keyword: catfish oil, lipid profile, lipid peroxidation, cognitive function

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf