Judul: Effects of nitrates and nitrites on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores and carotens utilization in growing-finishing pigs
Abstrak: Three trials were conducted using one hundred thirty Hampshire, Yorkshire and Hampshire x Yorkshire pigs to study the effects of nitrates (KNO3) and nitrites (KNO2) in rations on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores and the utilization of carotene in growing-finishing pigs. In Trial I, 50 Yorkshire x Hampshire pigs were allotted to five ration treatments to study the effects of nitrates and nitrites on the depletion of liver vitamin A stores. Prior to the start of the trial the pigs were fed a balanced ration receiving supplemental vitamin A until they reached an average weight of 100 pounds. In Trial II and III, 80 Hampshine and Yorkshire pigs were assigned to five ration treatments to study the effects of nitrates and nitrites, respectively, on the utilization of carotene in growing-finishing pigs. The sources of vitamin A activity for both trials were beta-carotene (3,300 I.U./kg.) for Treatments 1 through 4 and vitamin A palmitate (1,100 I.U./kg.) for Treatment 5. Criteria used to evaluate the experiments were liver vitamin A values (mcg./gm.), plasma vitamin A values (mcg./100 ml.), methemoglobin (gm./100 ml.), hemoglobin (gm./100 ml.), hematocrit (per cent) and the performance (lb.). The feeding of 3% nitrate or 0.3% nitrite significantly (P <.01) depressed gains with or without vitamin A and carotene supplementation. Neither nitrate nor nitrite showed a significant effect on liver vitamin A stores, plasma vitamin A and methemoglobin, regardless of vitamin A source fed. The addition of 3% nitrate to the diet of pigs receiving supplemental carotene or vitamin A did not effect liver vitamin A stores, plasma vitamin A and methemoglobin levels. Plasma vitamin A levels were signifi- cantly reduced (P<.05) by the feeding of 0.3% nitrite receiving either supplemental carotene or vitamin A. Ration containing 0.3% nitrite with vitamin A or carotene supplementation significantly increased (P <.01) methemoglobin values. Nitrate (3% NO3) or nitrite (0.3% NO₂) fed to pigs receiving supplemental vitamin A tended to show a faster depletion rate of liver vitamin A stores and a reduction of plasma vitamin A when compared to nitrate or nitrite-fed pigs receiving supplemental carotene. Hemoglobin and hematocrit remained relatively consistent for the entire trials.
Keyword: Hampshire pigs, Yorkshire pigs

Judul: The effect of clenbuterol on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing male pig
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to study the effect of clenbuterol on growth performance, carcass characteristics and quality of meat of growing male pig. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design. This study used three clenbuterol levels, i.e. 0 mg, 0.2 mg and 0.4 mglkg feed respectively and two breeds of pig i.e. local pig and crossbred pig. The total pigs used which twenty four male pigs consisting of 12 heads of local pig and 12 heads of cross bred, with the average of initial live weight of 52.5 ± 28.26 kg. Pigs were given ad libitum access to a 14.96% crude protein and ME 2400 Kcalkg diet. The diet was formulated according to NRC. All pigs were slaughtered following 6 weeks of experimental period and data on carcass characteristics were collected.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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