Judul: Ekstrak Etanol Daun Salam Dan Fraksinya Sebagai Inhibitor -Amilase
Abstrak: Eugenia polyantha yang dikenal dengan nama salam adalah tanaman obat yang banyak digunakan dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit, termasuk diabetes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh fraksi teraktif penghambat aktivitas -amilase dari ekstrak etanol daun salam serta mengidentifikasi kandungan fitokimianya. Ekstrak etanol kasar difraksinasi menggunakan ekstraksi cair-cair memperoleh 3 fraksi, yaitu fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi air. Uji aktivitas inhibisi -amilase menunjukkan bahwa semua fraksi aktif menghambat -amilase, dengan fraksi air menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi sebesar 22.52%. Fraksinasi lanjutan fraksi air menggunakan kromatografi kolom silika gel dengan elusi gradien menghasilkan 4 fraksi. Semua fraksi menunjukkan aktivitas hambat -amilase; fraksi 2 menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi, yaitu 57.57%. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia, komponen kimia yang terkandung dalam fraksi teraktif adalah golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, dan saponin. Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Mauris ultrices tellus vel risus tempus non consequat massa sollicitudin. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Proin eget interdum velit. Vestibulum quis justo eu arcu elementum bibendum. Proin venenatis eleifend fermentum. Vivamus ullamcorper dictum quam non mollis. Morbi cursus dolor ut tellus faucibus rutrum. Duis nibh nibh, rutrum nec congue sed, iaculis eget velit. Vivamus tempus, dolor et eleifend interdum, ipsum purus tristique risus, id aliquam libero nunc non neque. Praesent vel massa purus, sed gravida ligula. Etiam vel suscipit erat. Aliquam erat volutpat. Pellentesque habitant morbi tristique senectus et netus et malesuada fames ac turpis egestas. Sed vulputate neque sit amet nibh gravida scelerisque. Nam mattis euismod facilisis. Ut sit amet nunc sem, vel imperdiet risus. Pellentesque iaculis tempus nunc accumsan porttitor. Sed eget odio nec enim ornare feugiat. Quisque viverra sapien a felis molestie dictum. Donec malesuada porttitor sagittis. In hac habitasse platea dictumst. Morbi at justo at tellus tincidunt volutpat sed vel enim.
Keyword: alkaloid, -amilase, flavonoid, salam, saponin

Judul: Ethanolic Extract of Eugenia polyantha Leaves and it’s Fraction as Alpha-Amylase Inhibitor.
Abstrak: Eugenia polyantha yang dikenal dengan nama salam di Indonesia adalah tanaman obat yang banyak digunakan dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit, termasuk diabetes. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memperoleh fraksi teraktif dalam menginhibisi alfa-amilase dari ekstrak etanol daun salam serta mengidentifikasi kandungan fitokimianya. Ekstrak etanol kasar yang difraksionasi menggunakan ekstraksi cair-cair menghasilkan 3 fraksi, yaitu fraksi n-heksana, fraksi etil asetat, dan fraksi air. Uji aktivitas inhibisi alfa-amilase menunjukkan bahwa semua fraksi aktif menghambat alfa-amilase, fraksi air menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi sebesar 22.52%. Fraksinasi lanjutan fraksi air menggunakan kromatografi kolom silika gel dengan elusi gradien menghasilkan 4 fraksi. Semua fraksi menunjukkan aktivitas hambat alfa-amilase, fraksi 2 menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi, yaitu 57.57%. Berdasarkan uji fitokimia, komponen kimia yang terkandung dalam fraksi teraktif adalah golongan alkaloid, flavonoid, dan saponin.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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