Judul: Telaah Komposisi dan Isolasi Laktoferin pada Kolostrum dan Susu dari Berbagai Bangsa Kambing
Abstrak: Kambing adalah salah satu jenis ternak yang potensial dikembangkan menjadi penghasil daging dan susu di Indonesia. Pemeliharaan kambing perah dapat menyediakan kebutuhan akan protein hewani yang bernilai biologis tinggi serta mineral esensial dan vitamin asal ternak. Susu kambing memiliki komponenkomponen susu, salah satunya adalah laktoferin sebagai zat anti mikroba. Laktoferin pada susu mampu mengikat ion besi dari mikroba sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk pengayaan maupun fortifikasi susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) mempelajari pengaruh hari pemerahan yang berbeda terhadap komposisi kimia kolostrum dan susu kambing bangsa PE, Jawarandu dan SAPE, meliputi kadar bahan kering, bahan kering tanpa lemak, protein, berat jenis, dan pH, (2) melakukan isolasi laktoferin asal kolostrum dan susu kambing bangsa PE, Jawarandu dan SAPE, dan (3) menentukan konsentrasi laktoferin pada kolostrum dan susu kambing bangsa PE, Jawarandu dan SAPE.
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Judul: Kandungan Nutrisi dan Kadar Laktoferin dalam Susu Kambing Perah Bangsa Peranakan Etawah (PE) dan Jawarandu.
Abstrak: Kualitas nutrisi susu kambing perah dapat dilihat dari komposisi susu yang dihasilkan. Kualitas susu juga sangat menentukan dalam penerimaan susu oleh konsumen. Kandungan nutrisi susu kambing terdiri atas kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar bahan kering, berat jenis, nilai pH dan bahan kering tanpa lemak. Kambing perah merupakan jenis kambing yang dapat memproduksi susu dengan jumlah yang melebihi kebutuhan untuk anaknya. Kambing perah lokal yang dipelihara adalah Peranakan Etawah (PE) dan Jawarandu, yang merupakan bangsa kambing perah yang dapat hidup di daerah tropis. Kambing perah memberi sumbangan bagi kesehatan dan gizi penduduk seperti penyediaaan kebutuhan protein hewani yang bernilai biologis tinggi serta mineral esensial dan vitamin asal ternak. Susu kambing, seperti halnya susu sapi, memiliki komponen–komponen susu yang memiliki fungsi sebagai zat antimikroba salah satunya laktoferin. Laktoferin pada susu mampu mengikat ion besi dari mikroba sehingga menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba dan berperan sebagai anti diare. Identifikasi keberadaan substrat antimikroba alami yaitu laktoferin yang terdapat dalam susu kambing perlu dilakukan, karena substrat tersebut sangat besar peranannya secara alami dalam mencegah diare yang sangat beresiko kematian bagi balita maupun anak yang banyak terjadi di Indonesia.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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