Judul: Dampak desentralisasi fiskal terhadap kemiskinan dan ketahanan pangan di wilayah Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: The implementation of fiscal decentralization in accordance with Law No 32/2004 regarding of local government and No 33/2004 regarding of inter-government fiscal relationship was considered as the new era management and local government budget. Fiscal decentralization gives the opportunity for local government in order to increase income and the expenses side within the controlling of budget has more ability to spend the facilities in accordance to the people needs that gives externality for local economic activities that may increase the income of people, food security performance and to reduce poverty. The objectives of this research were to (1) describe regional fiscal, economic, poverty and food security performance in the fiscal decentralization, (2) analyze factors affecting regional fiscal, economic, poverty and food security performance, and (3) analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization policies and external factor on poverty and food security in West Java. The descriptive analysis and dynamic simultaneous equation models that were used in this research, using polled time series data of 1995 – 2005 and cross section data of 13 districts. Econometric model is constructed by 4 blocks, consisting of the regional fiscal, regional economic, poverty, and food security performance. Model was estimated using the 2SLS (Two Stage Least Squares) method SYSLIN procedure and simulation used the SIMNLIN procedure. The result of the research shows that fiscal decentralization gives significant effect on the increasing of regional income and expenses. The DAU was the source of 68 percent of regional income, and the routine expenditures were the largest regional expenditures (77 percent) in the fiscal decentralization. The mix policies of increasing agricultural development expenditures, paddy price, and health and education development expenditures will have the most impact to reduce of poverty and increase food security in West Java.
Keyword: Poverty reduce, Fiscal desentralization, Food security, Two Stage Least Squares, West Java

Judul: Dampak desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pembangunan sosial ekonomi daerah di Indonesia
Abstrak: Fundamental change in the Indonesian governance mechanisms from centralized into decentralized system has been occured since 1st January 2001. The successes of the government during the period of decentralization can be seen from several indicaators such as economic growth, the number of poor people as well as human development index. However, many parties felt that the implementation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia only in terms of its political success through the implementation of direct election of regional heads, while from an economic standpoint is still not satisfactory. Based on the background above, the purpose of this research are: 1) to analyze the factors that affect revenue, expenditure of local government and regional socio-economic development in Indonesia, 2) analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on the revenue and expenditure of local government in Indonesia, 3) Analyzing the impact of changes in revenues and expenditures of local governments towards local socio-economic development in Indonesia. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and analysis of simultaneous equations. The results of simulation models from the revenue side generally indicates that the increase in general allocation funds more influential and effective in improving the performance of socio-economic development compared with the increase in taxes and tax-sharing and non-tax. From the expenditure side, the agricultural sector development spending significantly more effective increasing the GRDP and poverty reduction in Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. As for education and health sector spending provides a larger impact on the increase GRDP and poverty reduction in Java-Bali and Papua.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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