Judul: Potensi Ekstrak Metanol, Etanol, dan Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) sebagai Inhibitor Asetilkolinesterase
Abstrak: Demensia adalah penyakit yang ditandai dengan kehilangan ataupun penurunan daya ingat yang dikaitkan dengan penurunan asetilkolin, neurotransmitter yang mempengaruhi kemampuan belajar dan memori. Obat yang beredar umumnya bekerja dengan menghambat asetilkolinesterase (AChE), enzim yang menghidrolisis asetilkolin. Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa), merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antidemensia. Namun, kajian mengenai potensi ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan minyak jintan hitam in vitro sebagai antidemensia masih sedikit ditemukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji penghambatan AChE oleh ekstrak metanol, etanol, dan minyak jintan hitam in vitro sebagai antidemensia. Aktivitas enzim diukur dengan kit enzim AChE menggunakan metode spektrofotometri panjang gelombang 410 nm. Daya inhibisi ketiga sampel uji memiliki potensi yang sama baiknya dalam menghambat AChE pada konsentrasi 50 μg/mL. Besar penghambatannya berturut-turut adalah 49.24 ± 1.01% (metanol), 50.20 ± 7.84% (etanol) dan 48.47 ± 0.57% (minyak). Hasil ini setengah kali penghambatan dari kontrol positif (donepezil HCl) yang mencapai 97.68 ± 0.80%. Berdasarkan studi literatur senyawa aktif yang diduga berperan dalam penghambatan AChE adalah golongan monoterpenoid dan timokuinon. Kata kunci: asetilkolinesterase, demensia, jintan hitam, terpenoid, timokuinon, Dementia is a disease characterized by loss or progressive decline in memory which associated with the decrease of acetylcholine, neurotransmitter that affects learning and memory. The current drugs work by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase (AChE), enzyme that hydrolyzes acetylcholine. Black seed (Nigella sativa), is a plant that has potency as antidementia. However, studies on methanol, ethanol, and oil extracts of black seed as antidementia are still few. Therefore, this research’s objective was to identify in vitro inhibitory activity of AChE by methanol, ethanol, and oil extracts of black seed as antidementia. The AChE activity was analyzed with enzymatic kit using spectrophotometry absorbancy at 410 nm. Inhibitory action of three extracts had equal potency to inhibit AChE at 50 μg/mL. Inhibitory action of the methanol, ethanol, and oil extracts were : 49.24 ± 1.01%, 50.20 ± 7.84%, and 48.47 ± 0.57%, respectively. This result was half of the positive control (donepezil HCl), which was 97.68 ± 0.80%. Based on literature reviews, the predicted active compounds which inhibited AChE were monoterpenoid and thymoquinone. Keywords: acetylcholinesterase, black seed, dementia, terpenoids, thymoquinone
Keyword: Jintan hitam, Asetilkolinesterase, Demensia

Judul: Molecular Docking of Black Cumin Active Compound to Inhibits Cholinesterase Enzyme in the Development of Alzheimer’s Therapy
Abstrak: Asetilkolinesterase (AChE) dan Butirilkolinesterase (BChE) merupakan dua jenis enzim kolinesterase yang berperan dalam penurunan kadar asetilkolin sebagai gejala khas penyakit alzheimer. Jintan hitam memiliki beragam senyawa aktif yang berpotensi menghambat aktivitas kedua enzim. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis interaksi beberapa senyawa aktif penting dari jintan hitam dalam menghambat aktivitas kedua enzim. Senyawa uji terbaik dipilih berdasar analisis sifat kemiripan obat yang memenuhi kriteria dalam bioavailabilitas, toksisitas dan aspek farmakokinetik sebagai obat. Analisis penambatan molekul dilakukan dengan perangkat lunak komputer PyRx Virtual Screening dan YASARA Structure. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 7 dari 25 senyawa uji diduga memiliki aktivitas penghambatan pada enzim AChE dan BChE. Senyawa nigelicin berpotensi sebagai inhibitor terbaik AChE (ΔG -7,74 kcal/mol; %BSS 69,23%). Senyawa nigelidin berpotensi sebagai inhibitor terbaik BChE (ΔG -6,73 kcal/mol; %BSS 33,33%). Ikatan inhibitor dan enzim pada keduanya didominasi interaksi hidrofobik dengan cincin aromatik berjajar. Kedua senyawa tergolong kelompok alkaloid jintan hitam yang berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai herbal terapi alzheimer., Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and Butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) are two types of cholinesterase enzyme that plays important role in reducing acetylcholine as a symptom of alzheimer. Black cumin has a variety of active compounds and the potential to inhibit the activity of both enzymes. This study aims to analyze interaction of some crucial active compounds of black cumin in inhibiting AChE and BChE enzymes. Active compounds selected through drugs-likeness analysis that in compliance with bioavailability, toxicity and pharmacocinetics aspect. Docking simulation doing by the Pyrx Virtual Screening software and the YASARA Structure software. As a result, 7 of the 25 analyze compounds have the potential to inhibit activity of both enzymes. Nigelicin is the best compound that inhibits AChE (ΔG -7,74 kcal/mol; %BSS 69,23%). Nigelidin is the best compound that inhibits BChE (ΔG -6.73 kcal/mol; %BSS 33,33%). Both inhibitor and enzyme complex dominated by hydrophobic with lined aromatic structure. Both compounds are classified as alkaloid of black cumin that potential as alzheimer’s therapy.
Keyword: alzheimer’s disease, acetylcholinesterase, butyrylcholinesterase, black cumin, molecular docking

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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