Judul: Kesesuaian Inang dan Perilaku Makan Kutudaun Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel dan Pentalonia caladii van der Goot (Hemiptera: Aphididae) pada Berbagai Kultivar Pisang
Abstrak: Banana aphids (Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel) and taro aphids (Pentalonia caladii van der Goot) have been reported as banana pests and known as vectors for Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). Host suitability and feeding behavior of P. nigronervosa and P. caladii will influence their potential to transmit BBTV. This study aimed to determine the most suitable banana cultivars for banana and taro aphids and to analyze the feeding behavior of banana and taro aphids using an electrical penetration graph (EPG). The experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design with aphid species (P. nigronervosa and P. caladii) and banana cultivars (‘Mas Kirana’, ‘Klutuk’, ‘Barangan Jumbo Merah’, ‘Ambon Kuning’, ‘Tanduk’, and ‘Kepok Kuning’) as the treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times, and each replication consisted of 12 plants. The host suitability test was conducted in the greenhouse. Five adult aphids were infested on each banana cultivar, then observation of aphid population was done every day for 30 days. Feeding behavior of aphids with EPG were conducted in the laboratory and observations of aphid feeding behavior were made every 10 hours. Based on the development of aphid population it is known that the most suitable banana cultivars for P. nigronervosa and P. caladii are ‘Barangan Jumbo Merah’ and ‘Ambon Kuning’, meanwhile unsuitable banana cultivars are ‘Klutuk’ and ‘Kepok Kuning’. The highest feeding activity of P. nigronervosa was observed on three banana cultivars, i.e. ‘Mas Kirana’, ‘Barangan Jumbo Merah’, and ‘Ambon Kuning’; while P. caladii only on two cultivars, i.e. ‘Barangan Jumbo Merah’, and ‘Ambon Kuning’. P. nigronervosa and P. caladii exhibited low feeding activity on cv. Klutuk and cv. Kepok Kuning. The information on specific banana cultivars that support aphid population development is crucial for effective management of banana bunchy top disease.
Keyword: Aphid population, Banana bunchy top virus, EPG, insect vectors of plant disease

Judul: Identifikasi Kutudaun asal Tanaman Pisang dan Pengaruh Banana bunchy top virus terhadap Siklus Hidup dan Fekunditas Kutudaun
Abstrak: Banana bunchy top disease (BBTD) stands out as a significant threat to banana plants in Indonesia, capable of causing a complete yield loss of up to 100%. Pentalonia nigronervosa and Pentalonia caladii (Hemiptera: Aphididae) have been identified as vectors persistently transmitting the Banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). Previous studies have documented the infestation of these aphid species on banana plants in the provinces of West Java, East Java, and Central Java. Consequently, there was a need for a comprehensive survey to assess the prevalence of aphids on banana plants throughout Indonesia, followed by the identification of aphid species. Beyond transmitting viruses from one plant to another, intricate interactions exist between aphids and the viruses they carry, manifesting in a shorter life cycle for vector insects and heightened fecundity. These dynamics enhance the potential of vectors to disseminate BBTV. This research aimed (1) to identify aphid species on banana plants using eleven morphometric characters and the sequence of partial mtCO-I gene and (2) to determine the effect of BBTV-infected plants on the life cycle and fecundity of aphids. The research activities were conducted in two phases. The first phase involved morphometric and molecular identification of aphids from July to December 2022. The second phase, focusing on the effects of BBTV-infected plants on the life cycle and fecundity of aphids, was executed from January to May 2023. The study was conducted at the Insect Biosystematics Laboratory, Plant Virology Laboratory, Cikabayan Greenhouse, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Aphid samples were collected from several banana cultivars including Mas, Ketip, Muli, Cavendish, Ambon, Kepok, Randah, Pinang, Awak, and the wild banana, Musa acuminata from four provinces in Indonesia, namely Bali, West Kalimantan, North Kalimantan, and East Kalimantan. Morphological and morphometric identification of aphids using the permanent slide preparation method from Blackman and Eastop (2000). Identification of aphids was pursued up to the species level. Eleven morphometric characters were measured: length of body, head width, antennal length, length of antennal segment I-II, length of antennal segment III-V, length of antennal segment VI, length of ultimate rostrum segment, length of siphunculus, length of femur, length of tibia and length of caudal. Molecular identification begins with the DNA extraction process for total aphids followed by the method proposed by Goodwin et al. (1994) with modifications in the final stage, involving resuspension with a 10 μl solution of ddH2O. The obtained total DNA from aphids served as a template for the mtCO-I gene amplification stage, employing universal primers LCO1490 (5'-GGTCAACAAATCATAAAGAATT-GG-3') and HCO2198 (5'-TAAACTTCAG GGTGACCAAAAAATCA-3') as forward and reverse primers, respectively, with an amplicon target measuring 710 bp. The amplification of the target DNA underwent denaturation, annealing (primary attachment), and elongation (synthesis of new DNA strands) stages. Subsequently, the amplification product was visualized through 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. Successfully amplified samples were then forwarded to a service provider for the sequencing stage. Data related to the measurement of morphometric characters in aphids were tabulated using Microsoft Excel 365, employing t-test and PCA (Principal Component Analysis) for analysis. The molecular data were analyzed using Geneious Prime software, involving
Keyword: morphometric, mtCOI, P. caladii, P. nigronervosa, viruliferous

Judul: Konstruksi Persamaan Friedmann Alam Semesta Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Termodifikasi Materi Gelap Superfluida
Abstrak: Kosmologi merupakan salah satu objek kajian dari teori relativitas umum. Salah satu model dalam kosmologi adalah model kosmologi Friedmann. Model kosmologi Friedmann dibangun berdasarkan asumsi bahwa materi dan energi terdistribusi secara homogen dan isotropik di alam semesta. Teori relativitas umum dapat dimodifikasi melalui pendekatan teori materi gelap superfluida (MGS). Persamaan medan Einstein untuk teori MGS dapat dirumuskan melalui prinsip aksi dengan memodifikasi Lagrangian pada aksi teori MGS. Selanjutnya dengan memilih metrik Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) datar dengan indeks kurvatur sama dengan nol, dapat dibangun suatu bentuk persamaan Friedmann yang dimodifikasi teori MGS.
Keyword: kosmologi, teori materi gelap superfluida, persamaan medan Einstein, metrik FLRW, persamaan Friedmann.