Judul: Sebaran Spons Laut Berdasarkan Kedalaman pada Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) di Perairan Lombok Utara, Provinsi NTB
Abstrak: Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) adalah komunitas terumbu karang yang bergantung pada cahaya mulai dari 30-40 meter dan meluas ke bagian bawah zona photic mencapai kedalaman 150 meter. Spons merupakan komponen penyusun utama MCEs yang memiliki banyak manfaat namun keberadaannya kurang dipahami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serta mengetahui hubungan kedalaman dan sebaran genus spons pada MCEs dan menguji perbedaan nyata genus yang ditemukan terhadap kedalaman di Perairan Lombok Utara, Provinsi NTB menggunakan metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Pengambilan data dilakukan pada tanggal 3-5 September 2020. Berdasarkan identifikasi ditemukan 32 genera spons yang tersebar di 3 Stasiun pada perairan Lombok Utara. Semakin dalam, jumlah genus yang ditemukan pada ketiga stasiun penelitian semakin banyak. Hal tersebut membuktikan sebaran komunitas spons pada Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) di Perairan Lombok Utara dipengaruhi oleh kedalaman. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan beberapa genus spons yang berbeda nyata antar kedalaman yaitu Callyspongia, Theonella, Clathria, Stylotella, dan Spirastrella., Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) are light-dependent coral reef communities ranging from 30-40 meters and extending to the bottom of the photic zone to a depth of 150 meters. Sponges are the main component of MCEs that have many benefits but their existence is poorly understood. This study was conducted to identify and determine the relation between depth and distribution of sponge genera in Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) and to examine the significant differences affected by depth between sponges genera found in North Lombok Waters, NTB Province using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. Field data were collected on 3-5 September 2020. Based on the identification results, 32 genera of sponges were found spread over three stations in the waters of North Lombok. The deeper, the more genera found at the three research stations. It indicates that the distribution of sponge communities in MCEs in North Lombok Waters is influenced by depth. Based on the ANOVA test, several genera of sponges show significant differences between depths, namely Callyspongia, Theonella, Clathria, Stylotella, and Spirastrella.
Keyword: Kedalaman, Lombok Utara, Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems, Spons

Judul: Benthic Community in Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) North Lombok Strait
Abstrak: Ekosistem terumbu karang mengalami kerusakan akibat peningkatan suhu dan kegiatan manusia (antropogenik) seperti pariwisata dan perikanan tangkap. Fenomena tersebut biasa ditemukan pada perairan 5 - 18 meter. Teridentifikasi terdapat kehidupan ekosistem terumbu karang berada di kedalaman lebih dari 30 meter atau zona mesofotik yang tidak terpengaruh terhadap tekanan lingkungan pesisir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sebaran komposisi komunitas bentik serta persentase tutupannya di ekosistem terumbu karang mesofotik (MCEs) di perairan Selat Lombok Utara dengan metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 3 – 5 September 2020 di 3 stasiun dengan kedalaman 10 - 50 meter. Kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang di Perairan Selat Lombok pada kedalaman 10 hingga 20 m di setiap stasiun mengalami kerusakan akibat tekanan sehingga presentasi tutupan abiotic dan dead coral with algae tinggi. Puncak persentase tutupan hard coral di setiap stasiun berada di kedalaman 30 hingga 40 m. Semakin bertambahnya kedalaman komunitas bentik dengan kategori sponge, soft coral, dan other fauna semakin meningkat persentase tutupannya., Coral reef ecosystem are damaged due to the impact of rising sea surface temperature and anthropogenic activities such as tourism and fishing activities. This phenomenon is usually found in waters with a depth of 5–18 meters. It was identified there is life in the coral reef ecosystem at a depth more than 30 meters (mesophotic zone) which is not affected by the anthropogenic activities. This study was conducted to determine the distribution of benthic community composition and percentage cover in Mesophotic Coral Ecosystems (MCEs) in North Lombok Strait using Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. The study was conducted from 3- 5 September 2020 at 3 stations with depths of 10 - 50 meters. The condition of the MCEs in the depth of 10 to 20 m at each station was damaged due to many factors that influenced it, resulting in a high percentage of abiotic and dead coral with algae cover at that location. The highest percentage of hard coral cover was at each station with a depth of 30 to 40 m. As the depth increases, the percentage of benthic community cover also increases with the categories of sponge, soft coral, and other fauna.
Keyword: North Lombok Strait, Benthic Community, Mesophotic, Depth

Judul: The Dynamic of HIV Virus Infection as a Result of Protease Inhibitor Therapy.
Abstrak: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as symptoms of deterioration human immune system caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The virus damages the leucocytes; therefore, once a person infected by the HIV, his/her immune system will be paralyzed and eventually will not be able to survive from any disease. HIV is transmitted in many ways, such as having unsafe sex, using unsterilized syringe, blood transfusion, and many more. So far, there has not been discovered yet a way or a medicine that can totally cure this disease. However, reverse transcriptase inhibitor therapy, protease inhibitor, or combination of those two can decline the growth of virus inside the body of the infected person. Therefore, the immune system will be enhanced back to normal phase. In this paper, will analyze the effect of protease inhibitor therapy on the dynamics of virus inside the blood with different value of effectiveness. There are two mathematical models of protease inhibitor therapy to consider, i.e. perfect and imperfect protease inhibitor. The perfect protease inhibitor therapy hinders the virus to grow well and not to infect healthy leucocytes. On the other hand, the imperfect one cannot completely detained the virus growth.
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