Judul: Analisis hubungan curah hujan - limpasan langsung sub sub daerah aliran sungai ciliwung hulu
Abstrak: Suatu daerah aliran sungai (DAS) dapat dipandang sebagai sistem yang menentukan kontribusi curah hujan terhadap limpasan. Selama sifat-sifat fisik DAS tidak berubah, variasi-variasi dalam hubungan curah hujan dengan limpasan merupakan akibat adanya variasi hujan serta faktor kebasahan awal DAS.
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Judul: Analisis hidrograf berdasarkan karakteristik fisik dan penggunaan lahan DAS (Studi kasus DAS Citarum Hulu)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan lahan terhadap hidrograf limpasan langsung dan hidrograf satuan DAS dengan mengembangkan cara analisis hidrograf satuan sintetik berdasarkan penggunaan lahan dan karakteristik fisik DAS melalui pendekatan empirik. Berbagai penelitian dan model telah dikembangkan untuk melihat hubungan hujan dengan debit aliran sungai dalam suatu DAS, yaitu dengan menelaah hubungan hujan dan debit aliran sungai melalui telaahan hidrograf satuan.
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Judul: Heterologous Expression Of Endo-Β-Xylanase From Bacillus Pumilus Strain Bcrs-01 In Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolase family 11 which depolymerise xylan in the plant cell wall, the most excessive form of hemicellulose. Endo-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are most important to breakdown β-1,4-glicoside bond of xylan to produce disaccaride xyloolygosaccaride (XOs) and xylose (monomer). Bovine rumen fluids have potential to obtain endo-β-xylanase produced of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to obtain xylanase producing bacteria and to express xynA gene encoding endo-β-xylanase from bacterium in Escherichia coli. Twenty nine isolate bacteria have been succesfully isolated from bovine rumen fluid in agar medium containing birchwood xylan. Isolate BCRS-01 bacterium was previously screened for the high production of xylanase. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BCRS-01 showed high similarity (99%) to Bacillus pumilus (accession number NR043241). The crude xylanase had optimal activity at 55oC, pH 7.0. Furthermore, the crude xylanase exhibited broad pH stability from 4.0 to 10.0 and remained more than 60% and 40% of its activity after incubation at pH 4.0 until 10.0, respectively for 60 min. It also showed a stability at temperature 25-50oC since it retained 80% and 50% of its activity when incubated at 50oC or 30 and 60 min, respectively. The xylanase activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Cu2+ at concentration 10 mM, and as little as 1 mM for Mn2+. Therefore, this xylanase has potentially used as additive feeds in animal feed industry. The DNA sequence xynA gene encoded endo-β-xylanase was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET-15by under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant protein had succesfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A protein recombinant of approximately, 26.7 kDa was observed on the SDS-PAGE analysis. Crude extract of recombinant endo-β-xylanase demonstrated activity of enzyme at 56 U mL-1 using birchwood xylan as a substrate at 55oC for 10 min.
Keyword: Bacillus pumilus, bovine rumen fluid, endo-β-xylanase, heterologous expression.