Judul: Upaya peningkatan harapan hidup Kupu-kupu Papilio demoleus dari telur hingga imago dengan sistem penangkaran
Abstrak: Utilization of butterflies are often not balanced with maintaining sustainability in nature. Captive breeding is done as an effort to cultivation the plant and wildlife with maintain the purity of the strain. One species of butterfly that can be used is P.demoleus. Establishment the garden of butterfly for ecoedutourism object in Bogor Agricultural University (BAU), is a manifestation of utilizing the butterflies. Increase the life expectancy of a butterfly and be expected to have produced a big population without nature destructive. Captive breeding system was combined with laboratory treatment to increase the life expectancy of a butterfly until imago phase. The process of spawning be located at the dome and treatments performed in the laboratory with observed the imago copulation, life cycle, life expectancy, metamorphosis of P.demoleus, sex ratio, and abiotic factors. Mostly,life cycle of P.demoleus F1 is 34.11 ± 2.70days (29-40 days) and a F2 life cycle is longer 39.07 ± 3.30 days (33-45 days). Survival curve type I, high mortality rate was occurs in adult stage. At the pupa’s phase in the amount of 33.33 percent is the highest mortality. Many deaths in each phase due to parasites, bacteria, and eclosion failure. P.demoleus butterfly life expectancy increased to 44.60 percent from his life expectancy that is 2 percent in the wild. Research about captive breeding system effectivity and renovation of the dome facilities, is support the realization of a butterfly garden at the BAU.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), utilization of butterflies, Papilio demoleus, mortality, life cycle, Life expectancy

Judul: Pemeliharaan dan Pengembangbiakan Kupu-Kupu Papilio memnon Sebagai Upaya Persiapan Taman Kupu-Kupu di Plaza Institut Pertanian Bogor
Abstrak: Two domes at Bogor Agricultural University (BAU) plaza are so potential to create a butterfly garden that ecoeduturisme in campus can be complete. Therefore, a study is needed to before creating the butterfly garden and in managing it. This research is aimed to rear and culture P. memnon butterfly in order to prepare and manage the butterfly garden at plaza BAU. The parameters observed in this research included life cycle, life expectancy, sex ratio, synchronization of imago emergence, and abiotic factors. Rearing activity was a combination method in laboratory and dome Plaza BAU. Life cycle of F1 ranged between 30 and 80 days while F2 ranged between 40 and 101 days. Survivorship curve indicated that the mortality started to increase at the fifth instar larvae. Differences in imago emergence periode have caused difficulties for the butterfly pairs to do mating and they were finally died. Plants for feed and nectar sources must be provided to sustain butterfly garden. Internal and external barriers must be intensively controlled so ecoeduturisme function of butterfly garden can be realized.
Keyword: 

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: