Judul: Analisis hubungan antara tingkat perkembangan desa dengan kesejahteraan dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembangunan
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sampai seberapa. jauh klasifikasi tingkat perkembangan desa Departemen Dalam Negeri (swadaya, swakarya, swasembada), sebagai alat monitoring , evaluasi hasil serta dasar perencanaan pembangunan dipedesaan dapat mencerminkan tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat sebagai tujuan pembangunan dan partisipasi masyarakat sebagai salah satu unsur penunjang keberhasilan dalam melaksanakan pembangunan. Selain itu ingin mencari serta mencobakan sistam klasifikasi desa cara baru (alternatif j , dengan harapan lebih baik bila dipergunakan sebagai alat monitoring evaluasi hasil serta dasar perencanaan pembangunan di pedesaan.
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Judul: Hubungan antara input pembangunan dan tingkat pendapatan masyarakat desa: kasus mengukur peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Kabupaten Batang Propinsi Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui "hasil pen- bangunan" yang telah dicapai selama kurun waktu tertentu di suatu wilayah, berupa peningkatan kejahteraan masyarakatnya. Hasil ini erat kaitannya dengan input yang telah diberikan dalam kurun waktu tersebut. Dengan mengetahui indikator-indikator yang berperanan nyata terhadap laju peningkatan pendapatan, dapatlah disusun suatu rencana kegiatan yang lebih terarah untuk mencapai sasaran pem- bangunan pada waktu-waktu mendatang. Rencana ini perlu disesuaikan dengan kondisi dan potensi suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini diharap- kan bermanfaat sebagai masukan dalam perencanaan dan evaluasi per- bangunan. Untuk mewujudkan tujuan ini telah diteliti 50 desa di Kabupa- ten Batang yang tersebar mulai dari daerah pantai sarpai pegunungan dengan kondisi geografi dan mayoritas penggunaan tanah yang beragam. Enam belas desa mewakili daerah dataran rendah dengan mayoritas penggunaan tanah persawahan (klaster satu), duapuluh empat desa mewakili daerah dengan topografi berambak dan ber- gelambang dengan mayoritas pertanian tanah kering (klaster dia), dan sepuluh desa mewakili daerah pegunungan dengan mayoritas per- kebunan dan kehutanan (klaster tiga).
Keyword: Rural development

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable