Judul: Evaluasi Pemberian Kombinasi Probiotik terhadap Profil Darah dan Diferensiasi Leukosit Ayam Broiler.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian kombinasi probiotik melalui air minum terhadap profil darah ayam broiler. Percobaan ini menggunakan 400 ekor ayam dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = air minum + 0,005% Placebo dextrosa, P2 = air minum + 0,001% Effective Microorganism-4, P3 = air minum + 0,005% kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus licheniformis populasi 105 CFU ml-1, P4 = air minum + 0,005% kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus licheniformis populasi 106 CFU ml-1 . Peubah yang diamati yaitu persentase profil darah dan diferensiasi leukosit ayam broiler. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kombinasi probiotik di dalam air minum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan (P<0,05) dalam meningkatkan persentase leukosit, limfosit dan rasio heterofil-limfosit. Pemberian probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus licheniformis tidak mengganggu sistem imunitas ayam broiler.
Keyword: probiotics, blood profile, imunitas, Broiler

Judul: Evaluation of Probiotic Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus licheniformis addition to Ration on Blood Profile of Broiler Chickens
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus licheniformis terhadap profil darah dan diferensiasi leukosit ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan, 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan menggunakan 20 ekor. Perlakuan terdiri atas P1= ransum basal (kontrol) + 0,1% placebo (CaCO3), P2= ransum basal +0,1% kombinasi probiotik populasi 105 cfu/g pakan, P3= ransum basal + 0,1% kombinasi probiotik populasi 106 cfu/g pakan. Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 0,1% kombinasi probiotik populasi 105 dan 106 cfu/g pakan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap profil darah, dengan jumlah eritrosit,leukosit, kadar hemoglobin dan nilai hematokrit berada pada kisaran normal. Pemberian probiotik signifikan (P<0,01) meningkatkan jumlah heterofil dan rasionya terhadap limfosit. Penambahan kombinasi probiotik Lactococcus lactis dan Bacillus licheniformis tidak mengganggu kesehatan ayam.
Keyword: Bacillus sp., blood profile, broiler, Lactococcus lactis, probiotics

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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