Judul: Measuring manufacturing firms efficiency: Evidence from East Java province, Indonesia
Abstrak: Examining the technical efficiency of the manufacturing industry in Indonesia is important to develop this sector and enhance Indonesia’s economy. To measure the technical efficiency, a true fixed effect stochastic frontier model with heteroscedasticity in the idiosyncratic error and technical inefficiency component is implemented. Using the firm-level data of Large and Medium Industries (LMIs) in East Java province, Indonesia from 2017-2019, it is found that the overall technical efficiency is 0.79 with a minimum value of 0.24 and a maximum value of 0.99, indicating the potency to increase technical efficiency. Moreover, it is found that the transportation equipment industry is the most improved sector in terms of technical efficiency while the pharmaceutical and drug industry shows the highest declining trend in technical efficiency. The furniture product manufacture, garment industry, chemical product manufacture, and computer, electronic and optical product industry also experience considerably downward trend of technical efficiency.
Keyword: heterosedasticity, industry, stochastic frontier, technical efficiency

Judul: Analysis of Inefficiency and Determinants of Indonesia's Manufacturing Sector Exports to Several ASEAN Countries
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan ekonomi di wilayah ASEAN didorong oleh peran penting perdagangan internasional. Adanya Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) menandai babak baru yang meningkatkan daya saing dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di kawasan ASEAN. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara dengan pangsa pasar ekspor manufaktur terbesar di kawasan ASEAN. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efisiensi ekspor dan determinan ekspor serta inefisiensi ekspor lima komoditas manufaktur Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah kesepakatan MEA. Metode yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah stochastic frontier gravity model dan data yang digunakan berupa data panel nilai ekspor Indonesia ke lima negara mitra dagang pada periode 2003-2022. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa GDP riil Indonesia dan jarak ekonomi memiliki pengaruh negatif yang signifikan terhadap ekspor manufaktur Indonesia, sementara GDP riil mitra memiliki pengaruh positif yang signifikan. Secara umum, variabel trade openness berdampak negatif dan signifikan terhadap inefisiensi ekspor manufaktur Indonesia, sementara dummy MEA berdampak positif dan signifikan. Selama periode penelitian, efisiensi ekspor manufaktur mengalami penurunan. Mitra dagang seperti Malaysia, Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam memiliki efisiensi di atas rata-rata ASEAN, sedangkan Singapura memiliki nilai efisiensi di bawah rata-rata ASEAN., The economic growth in the ASEAN region is driven by the crucial role of international trade. Establishing the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) marks a new phase that enhances competitiveness and economic growth in the ASEAN region. Indonesia is one of the countries with the largest market share for manufacturing exports in the ASEAN region. This research aims to analyze the export efficiency, determinants of exports, and export inefficiency of five major Indonesian manufacturing commodities before and after the AEC agreement. The research methodology employed a stochastic frontier gravity model, utilizing panel data of Indonesia's export values to five trading partner countries during the period of 2003-2022. The analysis results indicate that Indonesian’s real GDP and economic distance variable exhibit significant negative impacts on Indonesian manufacturing exports, while the real GDP of trading partners shows a significant positive impact. During the research period, the efficiency of manufacturing exports declined. Trading partners such as Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam exhibited efficiency above the ASEAN average, whereas Singapore had efficiency below the ASEAN average.
Keyword: efisiensi, inefisiensi, ASEAN, MEA, stochastic frontier gravity model

Judul: Studi Kasus Diagnosis Pencitraan Gangguan Saluran Pencernaan Atas Anjing Schnauze
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to learn the role of diagnostic imaging to define the diagnose of the upper gastrointestinal tract disorder of the Schnauzer. The information from the owner (anamneses) stated that the dog has been vomiting for a year, sometimes containing blood. There might also be a possibility that it had eaten a corpus alineum. This study case covered physical examination, hematology and blood chemical analysis, radiography, ultrasonography, and endoscopy performed. Physical examination showed weight loss and anorexia. Hematology and blood chemical analysis showed an increase in lymphocyte, haemoglobin (Hb), haemotocrit (Hct), ureum, creatinine, alanin aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Abdominal radiograph showed no abnormality in the abdominal organs. Abdominal ultrasonography showed a hyperechoic mass on the stomach mucosal surface. The mass forms an acoustic shadowing at the ventral. The acoustic shadowing in the stomach may be caused by an accumulation of gas or foreign object such as bone. Endoscopy showed that there was inconsistency of stomach mucosa surface, foamy bile fluid in the stomach, ulcers, and erosion of the stomach mucosal surface. Based on the endoscopy performed, the animal was clearly diagnosed with chronic gastritis accompanied by stomach ulcer and erosion.
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