Judul: Aplikasi Urin Kambing Peranakan Etawa dan NASA® sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair untuk Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Pakan Legum Indigofera sp.
Abstrak: Tanaman pakan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan produktivitas ternak ruminansia. Peningkatan populasi ternak khususnya ruminansia harus diimbangi dengan penyediaan hijauan yang berkualitas. Penggunaan tanaman pakan berkualitas tinggi diharapkan dapat mengurangi penggunan konsentrat dalam ransum tanpa mengurangi kualitas nutrisi ransum bagi ternak itu sendiri. Kendala yang sering dihadapi dalam pemenuhan tanaman pakan adalah rendahnya kualitas, kuantitas, dan kontinuitas tanaman pakan ternak tropis. Indigofera memberikan peluang yang menjanjikan dalam hal memenuhi kebutuhan ternak ruminansia akan tanaman pakan. Indigofera sp. memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi, toleran terhadap musim kering, genangan air dan tahan terhadap salinitas. Produktivitas tanaman pakan sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan nutrien dalam tanah. Pemupukan merupakan upaya meningkatkan ketersediaan nutrien dalam tanah. Pemupukan yang biasa diberikan adalah melalui tanah pada akar tanaman, tetapi dapat diberikan melalui daun, yaitu dengan pemberian pupuk organik cair (POC). Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis POC, yaitu alami dan buatan. Pupuk organik cair alami yang digunakan adalah urin kambing peranakan etawa (PE). Pemupukan melalui daun lebih efisien bagi tanaman tertentu, karena pupuk tersebut masuk kedalam tubuh tanaman melalui mulut daun (stomata) yang ada di permukaan daun sebelah bawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian POC berupa urin kambing PE dibandingkan dengan pupuk komersial NASA® pada daun untuk pemacu pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman pakan legum Indigofera sp. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk memperoleh dosis campuran larutan pupuk yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan produksi hijauan terbaik.
Keyword: ruminants, ration quality, ration nutrition, Best forage production, fertilizer mixture

Judul: Peningkatan Produktivitas Indigofera sp. Sebagai Pakan Berkualitas Tinggi Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Industri Penyedap Masakan:
Abstrak: The food flavor manufacture waste (called sipramin) have a great potential to used as liquid organic fertilizer due to the nutrition contents that needed by plants. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of sipramin as liquid organic fertilizer on soil fertility, re-growth, and herbage productivity of Indigofera sp. for ruminants. This experiment used factorial completely randomized design, the first factor was fertilizer dosages (0, 10, 20 and 40%) and the second factor was fertilization times (30 and 15 days before harvested [dbh]). The observed variables were soil chemical and biological characteristic, re-growth and forage production, and nutritive value of Indigofera sp. for ruminants. An in vitro experiment was carried out to examine the dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), solubility of calcium and phosphorus of Indigofera sp. in rumen liquor. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that the soil nitrogen, number of phosphate resolvability bacteria and Rhizobium sp. were significantly different (P<0.05) on 40% fertilizer dosage than the other treatment. The phosphate resolvability bacteria and available phosphate (P available) of 15 dbh were higher than 30 dbh. Sipramin fertilizer of 40% dosage improved Corganic content and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio value of soil and significantly (P<0,01) increased forage production (leaf and stem). The number of stem and stem weight of 40% sipramin and 15 dbh were higher than the others. The leaf and stem ratio of 15 dbh were higher than 30 dbh. There were no significantly different (P>0.05) on stem diameter, chlorophyll content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, however dry crude protein content (CP) and root nodule were significantly different (P<0.01) on 40% fertilizer dosage than the others. There were interaction between dosage and fertilization time on crude protein and phosphorus content. Crude protein and phosphorus content of 40% sipramin at 15 dbh were higher than the others. IVDMD, IVOMD and IVCPD of 40% were significantly (P<0.05) higher than 0% fertilizer dosage. The quantity of soluble calcium and phosphorus were significantly different (P<0.01) on 40% than 0% fertilizer dosage. The addition of 40% sipramin at 15 dbh fertilization time showed the best result to chemical and biological soil characteristic, re-growth and productivity of Indigofera sp.
Keyword: 

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: