Judul: Active Compounds of Neem Leaves (Azadirachta indica)  as HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors for Antihypercholesterolemia In Silico
Abstrak: Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular, masalah kesehatan penyebab kematian di dunia. HMG-KoA reduktase merupakan enzim yang berperan mereduksi HMG-KoA menjadi koenzim A dan mevalonat. Daun mimba telah banyak di laporkan sebagai penurun kadar kolesterol dan diharapkan berpotensi menghambat enzim HMG-KoA reduktase sebagai antihiperkolesterolemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan senyawa aktif daun mimba yang berperan dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim HMG-KoA reduktase. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode penambatan molekuler menggunakan software YASARA Structure. Reseptor yang digunakan adalah enzim HMG-KoA reduktase berkode 1DQ8 dan ukuran grid box yang digunakan memiliki nilai koordinat x= 2.761; y= 1.645; dan z= 83.980 dengan nilai 6.5 Å. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 69 senyawa aktif daun mimba terdapat 5 senyawa aktif yang memiliki bebas ikatan pengikatan terhadap HMG-KoA reduktase yaitu melianol, flowerone, nimbaflavone, tirucallol, dan catechin. Senyawa nimbaflavone merupakan senyawa penciri pada daun mimba yang memiliki potensi penghambatan terbaik dengan energi bebas ikatan (∆G) -7.045 kkal/mol yang berinteraksi dengan 9 residu asam amino. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian secara in silico yang menunjukkan senyawa aktif daun mimba berperan dalam menghambat enzim HMG-KoA reduktase.
Keyword: daun mimba, hiperkolesterolemia, HMG-KoA reduktase, nimbaflavone, hypercholesterolemia, HMG-CoA reductase, neem leaves, nimbaflavone

Judul: Potency of Water Extract Compounds of Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) and Pulai Leaves (Alstonia scholaris L.) as HMG-CoA Reductase Inhibitors In silico.
Abstrak: Ekstrak tunggal air daun pepaya dan pulai diketahui memiliki aktivitas inhibisi HMG-KoA reduktase (in vitro) yang secara in vivo mampu menurunkan kolesterol darah. Kombinasi kedua ekstrak memberi efek sinergis setara lovastatin, tetapi belum diketahui senyawa aktif serta interaksi yang terjadi dengan enzim tersebut. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif pada kedua ekstrak tunggal tersebut menggunakan LC-MS/MS, serta prediksi potensi sebagai inhibitor HMG-KoA reduktase melalui studi in silico. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode dekokta, ekstrak kemudian dianalisis menggunakan LC-MS/MS, dan diprediksi potensinya sebagai inhibitor HMG-KoA reduktase melalui studi in silico. Terdeteksi masing-masing 28 senyawa aktif pada kedua ekstrak tunggal. Prediksi toksisitas, bioavailabilitas, dan penambatan molekuler menghasilkan 2 senyawa daun pepaya dan 6 senyawa daun pulai potensial. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah senyawa terbaik daun pepaya (2,4-diaminoptiridine glyoxal) dan daun pulai (xenocoumacin 1) serta senyawa potensial lain memiliki interaksi dengan residu katalitik HMG-KoA reduktase pada Ser684, Asp690, Lys691, dan Lys692., Water extract of papaya and pulai leaves is known to have HMG-CoA reductase inhibitory activity (in vitro) which in vivo can lower blood cholesterol. The combination of the two extracts has a synergistic effect equivalent to lovastatin, but the active compound and the interactions that occur with the enzyme are unknown. The aim of the study was to identify the active compounds in both single extracts using LC-MS/MS, as well as to predict their potential as HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors through in silico studies. Extraction was carried out using the decoctal method, the extract was then analyzed using LC-MS/MS, and its potential as an HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor was predicted through in silico studies. Each of the 28 active compounds was detected in both single extracts. Two papaya leaf compounds and 6 pulai leaf compounds were obtained which had the potential to pass the prediction of toxicity, bioavailability, and molecular anchoring. The conclusion of this study was the best compounds from papaya leaves (2,4-diaminoptiridine glyoxal) and pulai leaves (xenocoumacin 1) as well as other potential compounds have interactions with HMG-CoA reductase catalytic residues on Ser684, Asp690, Lys691, and Lys692.
Keyword: Alstonia scholaris L., Carica papaya L., HMG-CoA reductase, in silico

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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