Judul: Effort to Supress Cannibalism in Catfish Seeds Clarias sp. fed with 17β-estradiol and Turmeric Powder
Abstrak: Kanibalisme merupakan salah satu penyebab mortalitas tinggi pada segmen pembenihan ikan lele yang dipicu oleh agresivitas benih. Penambahan hormon estradiol-17β pada pakan dapat membantu menekan kanibalisme dengan mengurangi potensi agresivitas ikan lele. Kunyit mengandung senyawa fitoestrogen yang memiliki kemiripan dengan senyawa estradiol-17β sehingga dapat meningkatkan kadar hormon estrogen dalam tubuh ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas penambahan hormon estradiol-17β dan tepung kunyit pada pakan untuk menekan tingkat kanibalisme benih ikan lele. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial. Perlakuan terdiri dari dosis hormon estradiol-17β 0, 30, 50 mg.kg-1 pakan, dikombinasikan dengan tepung kunyit dosis 0% dan 3% kg-1 pakan dengan masing-masing ulangan sebanyak tiga kali. Benih yang digunakan berukuran panjang 2,82±0,02 cm. Benih ikan dipelihara dalam akuarium dengan padat tebar 11 ekor L-1 dan diberi pakan dua kali sehari secara at satiation. Penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada parameter kanibalisme total, kanibalisme tipe I, dan potensi kanibalisme. Perlakuan dengan pemberian 50 mg Estradiol-17β.kg-1 dan 0% tepung kunyit pada pakan terbukti paling efektif dalam menekan tingkat kanibalisme pada pembenihan ikan lele., Cannibalism is one of the causes of high mortality in the hatchery of catfish, It can be triggered by aggressive behavior due to high testosterone hormone in the seeds transferred from its mother. The addition of 17β-estradiol to feed can suppress cannibalism by reducing the potential for aggressiveness. Turmeric is contain phytoestrogen compounds that have similarities to estradiol17β so that it can increase levels of the hormone estrogen in the body of fish. This study aims to test the effectiveness of adding the hormone estradiol-17β and turmeric powder to feed to suppress levels of cannibalism catfish seeds. The study used a complete factorial randomized design. The treatment consisted of doses 17β-estradiol (0, 30, and 50 mg.kg-1), combined with turmeric flour doses 0% and 3% kg-1 feed each with three replication. The seeds used are 2.82±0.02 cm. Fish are kept in aquarium with stocking density 11 L-1 fish and fed twice a day on ad satiation basis. Research shows the different result on the parameters of total cannibalism, type I cannibalism, and the potential for cannibalism. Treatment with addition of 50 mg estradiol-17β.kg-1 with 0% of turmeric powder in feed proved most effective in suppressing cannibalism levels in catfish hatchery.
Keyword: 17β-estradiol, cannibalism, catfish, turmeric powder

Judul: The Effectiveness of Estradiol-17β and Soy Flour for Controlling the Cannibalism in Catfish Fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus)
Abstrak: Ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) adalah salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar favorit. Produksinya selalu meningkat sejalan dengan meningkatnya permintaan konsumen setiap tahunnya. Beberapa hal masih menjadi kendala yang ditemukan pada kegiatan produksi benih lele, diantaranya adalah tingginya mortalitas akibat kebiasaan kanibal benih pada benih lele. Pengendalian kanibalisme dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan terapi hormon menggunakan hormon estradiol-17β dan tepung kedelai. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menguji efektivitas penambahan hormon estradiol-17β dan tepung kedelai dalam menekan serta mengendalikan tingkat kanibalisme pada benih ikan lele. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yang meliputi penambahan 30 mg estradiol-17β.kg-1, penambahan 50 g tepung kedelai.kg-1 dan perlakuan kontrol (tanpa penambahan hormon estradiol-17β dan tepung kedelai) pada pakan benih lele. Benih ikan lele berukuran panjang rata-rata 4.97±0.47 cm dan bobot rata-rata 0.87±0.05 g. Ikan lele dipelihara dengan kepadatan 1000 ekor.m-2 pada kolam terpal (2×1×0.5 m3) selama 30 hari masa pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kedelai dan hormon estradiol-17β ke dalam pakan mampu menekan kanibalisme tipe-I dibandingkan dengan kontrol, namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup benih lele, karena mungkin dipengaruhi oleh penyakit infeksi yang belum diidentifikasi., Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is one of the favourite freshwater aquaculture commodities. Its production continues to increase as the consumer demand raises, every year. One of the obstacles found in catfish fry production activity is the high mortality due to the cannibalism behaviour in the catfish fry. The cannibalism can be controlled with hormonal therapy approaches using the hormone estradiol-17β and soy flour. This study aimed to evaluate effectiveness of the addition of hormone estradiol-17β and soy flour in suppressing and controlling the level of cannibalism in catfish fry. The study consisted of three treatments, each with three replications which included the addition of 30 mg of estradiol-17β kg-1, addition of 50 g of soy flour kg-1 and control treatment (without addition of the hormone estradiol-17β and soy flour) in catfish fry feed. Average length of catfish fry used in this study was 4.97 ± 0.47 cm with average weight of 0.87 ± 0.05 g. Catfish were reared with a density of 1000 m-2 in a tarpaulin pond (2×1×0.5 m3) for 30 days. The results showed that the addition of soy flour and the hormone estradiol-17β in the feed was significantly suppressed type-I cannibalism compared to the control, but did not have a significant effect on the survival rate of catfish seeds probably was due to unknown infectious disease.
Keyword: cannibalism, Clarias gariepinus, estradiol-17β, soy flour

Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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