Judul: Kaji Ulang Drainase Perkotaan di Bojong Kulur Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Perubahan tata guna lahan yang diakibatkan oleh perubahan kota dan perkembangan sektor pembangunan menimbulkan dampak yang cukup signifikan terhadap luas tutupan lahan dan peningkatan debit limpasan (runoff) ketika hujan, salah satunya berupa semakin berkurangnya daerah peresapan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji ulang saluran drainase berdasarkan hasil analisis pola aliran, daerah tangkapan air (DTA), curah hujan rencana, debit limpasan, debit rencana saluran, dimensi saluran lapang dan dimensi saluran kolektor. Hasil analisis dengan metode rasional debit limpasan daerah penelitian untuk saluran lapang berkisar antara 0.01 m3/detik sampai 0.63 m3/detik sedangkan untuk saluran kolektor 2.40 m3/detik sampai 4.30 m3/detik. Debit rencana yang digunakan bernilai sama dengan debit limpasan dikarenakan tidak ada sumber aliran lainnya pada lokasi penelitian. Evaluasi dimensi saluran lapang terbangun, menghasilkan beberapa ruas saluran yang tidak memadai sehingga perlu dilakukan tindakan seperti pengerukan sedimen dan pembaharuan dimensi. Saluran kolektor di desain dengan penampang persegi empat dengan lapisan beton dimana (b) adalah lebar dasar saluran dan (h) adalah kedalaman saluran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dimensi saluran kolektor, didapatkan nilai lebar dasar saluran sebesar 1.55 – 2.07 m dan kedalaman saluran sebesar 1.75 – 2.27 m. Perbedaan tinggi muka air antara saluran lapang dengan saluran kolektor, berdampak pada dibutuhkannya bangunan terjun (drop chute) pada outlet saluran lateral., Changes in land use caused by urban changes and developments in the development sector have had a significant impact on the area of land cover and an increase in runoff when it rains, one of which is in the form of reduced water infiltration areas. This study aims to review drainage channels based on the analysis of flow patterns, water catchment areas, planned rainfall, runoff discharge, design discharge, field channel dimensions and collector channel dimensions. The results of runoff discharge analysis using the rational method in the study area for lateral channels ranged from 0.01 m3 / s to 0.63 m3 / s while for collector channels from 2.40 m3 / s to 4.30 m3 / s. The design discharge used is the same as the runoff discharge because there are no other flow sources at the research location. Evaluation of the dimensions of the lateral channel resulted in several inadequate channel segments so that actions such as dredging of sediment and renewal of dimensions are required. The collector channel is designed with a rectangular section with a layer of concrete where (b) is the base width of the channel and (h) is the inside of the channel. Based on the results of the analysis of the collector channel dimensions, the value of the basic channel width is 1.55 – 2.07 m and the channel depth is 1.75 - 2.27 m. The difference in water level between the lateral and collector channel has an impact on the need for a drop chute at the outlet of the lateral channel.
Keyword: runoff discharge, design discharge, lateral channel, collector channel

Judul: Review of Urban Settlement Area Drainage System
Abstrak: Perubahan tata guna lahan menjadi daerah permukiman berdampak terjadinya perubahan pola aliran suatu kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang sistem drainase di kawasan permukiman kota, serta untuk menyusun alternatif penanggulangan genangan dan banjir. Hasil analisis debit rencana untuk saluran lateral berkisar 0.06 - 0.32 m3/detik sedangkan untuk saluran kolektor berkisar 1.027 - 1.822 m3/detik. Kondisi fungsional saluran terbangun relatif baik dengan tidak adanya sumbatan pada saluran. Hasil analisis dimensi teoritis saluran lateral yaitu kedalaman saluran (H) berkisar 0.45 – 0.80 m dengan lebar dasar saluran (B) berkisar 0.25 – 0.60 m, sedangkan dimensi saluran kolektor yaitu kedalaman saluran (H) berkisar 1.25 – 1.55 m dengan lebar saluran (B) berkisar 1.05 – 1.35 m. Hasil evaluasi saluran lateral terbangun menunjukkan bahwa beberapa saluran kurang memadai dan tidak memadai, sehingga diperlukan pembersihan sedimen dan peningkatan dimensi saluran lateral. Dimensi saluran kolektor terbangun pada DTA4 dan DTA5 ditingkatkan, sedangkan pada DTA1, DTA2, dan DTA3 perlu dibangun saluran kolektor baru dengan meningkatkan dimensi saluran lateral terbangun. Hasil evaluasi terhadap dimensi gorong-gorong menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas gorong-gorong tidak memadai untuk menampung debit rencana sebesar 6.61 m3/detik. Diperlukan pembangunan satu unit gorong-gorong baru dengan kemiringan dasar gorong-gorong 2%., Changes in land use into residential areas have an impact on changes in flow pattern of an area. This study aims to review drainage system in urban residential areas, as well as to develop alternatives to inundation and flooding. Results of the design discharge analysis for lateral channel from 0.06 - 0.32 m3/s while for collector channel from 1.027 - 1.822 m3/s. Results of analysis theoretical dimensions of lateral channel are channel depth (H) from 0.45 to 0.80 m with channel width (B) from 0.25 to 0.60 m while collector channel dimensions, channel depth (H) from 1.25 to 1.55 m with channel width (B) from 1.05 – 1.35 m. Functional condition of built canal is relatively good with no blockage in canal. Results of evaluation of built lateral canals showed that some of channels were inadequate and inadequate so that sediment clearance and an increase in dimensions of lateral channels were required. Dimensions of built collector channel in DTA4 and DTA5 are increased, while in DTA1, DTA2, and DTA3 it’s necessary to build a new collector channel by increasing dimensions of the built lateral channel. Results of evaluation dimensions of culvert show that capacity culvert isn’t adequate to accommodate design discharge of 6.61 m3/s. It’s necessary to construct a new culvert unit with 2% slope of bottom culvert.
Keyword: Culvert, Discharge, Drainage, Flood

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity