Judul: Characteristics of Estrous and Folliculogenesis of  Boerja Goats with Rations Containing Protected Unsaturated Fatty Acids and  Antioxidant
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan dan mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian asam lemak tidak jenuh terproteksi dan antioksidan dalam ransum calon induk kambing Boerja terhadap karakteristik estrus dan jumlah folikel. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 perlakuan yaitu R0: Ransum PUFA + antioksidan 200 ppm; R1: Ransum PUFA Terproteksi + antioksidan 200 ppm dengan 5 ulangan dan dianalisis dengan Uji T. Peubah yang diukur yaitu konsumsi zat makanan, BCS, karakteristik estrus, karakteristik vulva, dan jumlah folikel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan PUFA terproteksi dan antioksidan nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan nilai BCS dan suhu saat estrus, menghasilkan jumlah folikel besar lebih banyak, jumlah folikel kecil rendah, memperpendek lama estrus, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi zat makanan, onset estrus, dan jumlah folikel sedang. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu penggunaan asam lemak tidak jenuh terproteksi dan antioksidan pada kambing Boerja menghasilkan onset estrus yang sama, memperpendek lama estrus, respon estrus 100%, jumlah folikel kecil lebih rendah, dan jumlah folikel besar lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan penggunaan asam lemak tidak jenuh yang tidak diproteksi., The aim of this study was to compare and evaluation the provision effect of protected PUFA and antioxidant addition in the ration of replacement Boerja nulliparaous on estorus characteristic and total follicles. This research used 2 treatments, namely R0: PUFA ration + 200 ppm antioxidant; R1: protected PUFA ration +200 ppm antioxidant with 5 replicates and analyzed by T test. The variables measured were nutrient intake, BCS, estrous characteristics, vulva characteristics, and total of follicles. The results showed that use protected PUFA and antioxidant significant (P<0.05) improve BCS value and temperate during estrous, produce a greater number of large follicle, a lower number of small follicles, shortened the estrous length, while it did not significantly (P>0.05) on nutrient intake, onset of estrous, and moderate total. In conclusion, protected PUFA ration and antioxidant in boerja goats resulted on the effect same onset estrous, short estrous duration, 100% estrous respons, lower number small follicles, and number of large follicles is more to compared the use unprotected PUFA.
Keyword: antioxidant, estrous characteristics, fatty acids,goat, ration

Judul: Estrus Characteristics and Follicle Number of  Boerja Goats with Rations Containing High PUFA and Antioxidants
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ransum tinggi PUFA dengan penambahan antioksidan asal ekstrak daun nangka terhadap karakteristik estrus dan jumlah folikel kambing Boerja. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor kambing Boerja betina umur 9-10 bulan yang dibagi menjadi 2 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari A0 = Ransum tinggi PUFA; A1 = Ransum tinggi PUFA + antioksidan. Peubah yang diamati yaitu konsumsi zat makanan, body condition score, karakteristik estrus, karakteristik vulva, serta jumlah folikel preovulasi. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan t-test independent sample menggunakan program IBM SPSS Statistic 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi zat makanan, body condition score, karakteristik vulva serta total folikel preovulasi. Perlakuan yang berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) ditunjukkan terhadap onset estrus, durasi estrus, serta jumlah folikel besar preovulasi. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan antioksidan dalam ransum tinggi PUFA dapat mempercepat onset estrus dan mempersingkat durasi estrus dalam rentang normal., This study aimed to analyze the effect of giving rations containing high PUFA with the addition of antioxidants from jackfruit leaf extract on the estrus characteristics and follicle number of Boerja goats. This study used ten Boerja goat does aged 9-10 months which were divided into 2 treatments with 5 replications. The treatment consisted of A0 = high PUFA; A1 = high PUFA + antioxidants. The observed variables were feed intake, BCS, estrus characteristics, vulvar characteristics, and number of preovulatory follicles. The data obtained were analyzed by independent sample t-test using the IBM SPSS Statistics 25 program. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, body condition score, vulvar characteristics, and total preovulatory follicles. Treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the onset of estrus, duration of estrus, and number of large preovulatory follicles. The conclusion of this study is the addition of antioxidants in high PUFA rations can shorten the onset and duration of estrus within the normal range.
Keyword: antioxidants, Boerja goat, estrus, jackfruit leaf, PUFA

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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