Judul: Formulation of Participatory Monitoring on Land and Water Quality for Land-use Planning Program in Laos
Abstrak: Land use planning (LUP) is believed to be able to increase biodiversity, agriculture production and livelihood in remote areas. But until recently, it is eminent that in many developing countries that apply the LUP, environmental degradation continues and much of people living in rural and forested areas remain the poorest of the poor. The impact of LUP is poorly evaluated and understood. The objective of this study is to formulate an effective and applicable participatory monitoring system in the context of LUP in Laos. Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to accommodate different stakeholders, i.e. communities, local government and researchers, in developing the monitoring system and integrating both scientific and local knowledge. The research was carried out from 2009 to the end of 2010 at seven villages and one sub-village in Khumban Muangmuay, Viengkham district, Laos. The results show that participatory monitoring could inform management decision in LUP by showing what trends are happening in the productivity of land for rice field agriculture and in the quality of drinking-water. Participatory monitoring provides alternatives for local government to cope their lack of human and financial resources by sharing the activities at village level to the communities and by reducing the cost. Integration of scientific and local knowledge brings more accurate, faster, cheaper and applicable system of monitoring to the impact of LUP on land productivity and drinking water quality. Participatory monitoring able to facilitate all stakeholders’ perceptions, knowledge and responsibilities in informing decisions of land management, in the context of LUP, that will conserve environment, alleviate poverty and reduce negative impacts on local livelihoods.
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Judul: Perencanaan Penggunaan Laban untuk Pembangunan Pertanian Berkelanjutan di DAS Lahumbuti Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: Land use which is not compatible with land capability and lack of awareness to apply soil conservation measures, are the causes of increasing erosion and decreasing soil productivity which ultimately lead to low income of the farmers. Therefore, there is a necessity for proper land use management plan, particularly in the Lahumbuti catchment for achieving sustainable agricultural development. The research that has been conducted in Lahumbuti catchment. has the objectives of evaluating land use and land capability, and also le::rrning the agrotechnolo-g-; applied in the Lahumbuti catchment. Beside that, the study was also aimed at designing alternative for land use management plan which is compatible with land capability to achieve sustainable watershed management at Lahumbuti catchment. Method used in this research was survey method that comprised collection of primary data and secondary data. Primary data includes (a) physical condition of the land (steep slope and length of slope, permeability, effective soil depth, drainage, texture, stucture and content of the soil organic matter) and (b) socio-economic condition (demography, production facility, cost, farmers income and agrotechnology applied in the study site), evaluation of suitability betwen land use and land capability using Klingebiel and Montgomery criteria, erosion estimate using USLE method, calculation of Etol using Hammer method (1981 and evaluation of living standard appropriateness using Sajogyo and P. Sajogyo ( 1990 ). Secondary data are in the form of daily rainfall data, facts in the district, topographic map and soil map. Research result showed that generally land use in Lahumbuti catchment are accordance with their land capability, although there were several farming activities that were conducted on steep slope. Planting pattern and agrotechnology adopted by farmer were still traditional. Result of erosion prediction at intensive obsevation site indicates that the occuring erosion (13,03-262,10 tonnes/ha/year) were greater than the soil loss tolerable (8,65-48,% tonnes/ha/year), resulting in decline of land productivity and farmers low income (Rp. 2.822.650,- - Rp. 8.033.100,- HH/ha/year). Therefore, there is need for change in cropping pattern and agrotechnology, accompanied with soil conservation measures so that erosion could be reduced to a minimum level which is smaller than the tolerable level. Pursuant to equality of land capability class and types of cultivated crop betwen the intensive observation sites and the land units at the whole of Lahumbuti catchment, land use recomendation in the catchment is that at land class I (21.870 ha) and land class II (1213,5 ha) the suitable land used are mixed garden and dry land, there would be inter cropping (tumpangsari, tampang si1>ip) and multiple cropping, accompanied by mulch and construction of bund terrace. Forest and shrubland could be converted to mixed garden and dry land or agroforestry system. Land class III (11.624,1 ha) and class IV(28.373,7 ha) are
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Judul: Metode penanggulangan fraktura tibialus pada anjing
Abstrak: Fraktura didefinisikan sebagai suatu disrupsi dari kontinuitas sebuah tulang (Denny, 1980). Secara umum dalam kehidupan sehari-hari fraktura diartikan sebagai patah tulang. Umumnya fraktura disebabkan oleh perlukaan langsung karena adanya trauma, misalnya karena tertabrak kendaraan atau terjatuh. Suatu kekerasan atau tekanan tidak langsung juga dapat bertindak sebagai penyebab terjadinya fraktura (Denny, 1980; Brinker, 1984). Penyakit- penyakit tulang yang diderita tubuh, misalnya neoplasma tulang, osteomalasia dan rickets merupakan faktor predisposisi terjadinya fraktura karena penyakit-penyakit tersebut dapat menyebabkan destruksi dan kelemahan tulang sehingga dengan trauma yang ringan saja sudah dapat menyebabkan terjadinya fraktura. Hewan yang mengalami fraktura selain merasa sakit juga dapat menderita cacat pada bagian atau anggota tubuh yang mengalami fraktura. Cacat ini dapat bersifat semen- tara atau permanen. Pada hewan yang mengutamakan penampilan, seperti anjing pacu dan anjing hias, cacat ini me- rupakan hal yang sangat merugikan. Banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya cat pada hewan yang mengalami fraktura, antara lain derajat fraktura, cepatnya penanggulangan dan metode penanggulangan. Cacat akibat fraktura dapat dihindari atau dikurangi bila fraktura ditangani dengan segera dan ditanggulangi dengan metode yang tepat dan baik. Secara klinis fraktura ditandai dengan adanya gejala deformitas, kebengkakan, kehilangan fungsi, mobilitas abnormal, rasa nyeri, krepitasi dan kelunakan (Frank, 1964; Alexander, 1985). Pemeriksaan radiografis sebagai lanjut- an pemeriksaan klinis sangat membantu dalam menentukan di- agnosa, memperjelas gambaran tulang yang fraktura dan me- nentukan metode pengobatan yang tepat (Alexander, 1985). Fraktura tibialis terjadi bersama dengan fibula, lebih kurang sebanyak 10,2% dari seluruh kejadian fraktura pada anjing (Alexander, 1985). Menurut data klinik FKH- IPB, prosentase kejadian fraktura tibialis lebih kurang sebanyak 18,82% dan menempatkan urutan kedua terbanyak dari seluruh kasus fraktura. Pada umumnya lokasi fraktura…dst
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