Judul: Efikasi Nematoda Entomopatogen Heterorhabditis sp. dan Steinernema sp. Isolat Bogor Sebagai Bioinsektisida Terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptothermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae)
Abstrak: The subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is the most important wood destroying termites in many regions in Indonesia. Their infestation on buildings, agricultural crops, and forest trees has caused significant economic loses. Meanwhile termite control technology still depend on termiticide application, which cause negative effect to environment. On the other hand, entomopathogenic nematodes is one of agents potential bio-control in controlling subterranean termites without negative effect to environment. A research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis sp and Steinernema sp as a biological control agents against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren in field test. Procedures of the research included the rearing of the entomopathogenic nematodes, both in-vivo and in-vitro, the evaluation of the nematodes toxicity against subterranean termites (LC50 and LT50) and field evaluation of entomopahogenic nematodes against subterranean termite at field. The mortality of termites was analysis with Completed Randomized Design and Tukey's Test. The effective deusity 600 IJ/ml of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis sp and Steinernema sp caused 100% mortality of subterranean termites C. curvignathus. The LC50 value for the population of subterranean termites C. curvignathus for Steinernema sp was 322 IJ/ml and Heterorhabditis sp was 355 IJ/ml. The LT50 value for the population of subterranean termites C. curvignathus was 33,94 hours for Steinernema sp and was 34,90 hours Heterorhabditis sp. For the efficacy test, the mortality value of subterranean termites C. curvignathus caused by Steinernema sp and Heterorhabditis sp were 90,23 % and 85,65 % respectively. In field testing the mortality value of subterranean termites C. curvignathus caused by Steinernema sp and Heterorhabditis sp were 79,51 % and 94,40 % respectively. It is conclued that Steinernema sp and Heterorhabditis sp can be used as biological control against C. curvignathus.
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Judul: Patogenisitas beberapa isolat cendawan entomopatogen terhadap rayap tanah coptotermes curvignathus holmgren dan schedorhinotermes javanicus kemmer (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae)
Abstrak: Pengendalian hayati rayap C. curvignathus dan S. javanicus dengan menggunakan beberapa isolat cendawan entomopatogen merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk pengendalian rayap tanah yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari patogenisitas cendawan entomopatogen isolat Indonesia Metarhizium anisopliae, M. brunneum, B. bassiana, dan Myrothecium roridum dan menguji keefektifannya terhadap rayap tanah C. curvignathus dan S. javanicus di lapangan. Uji patogenisitas beberapa isolat cendawan entomopatogen terhadap C. curvignathus dan S. javanicus dilakukan dengan pencelupan rayap ke dalam suspensi konidia, masing-masing dengan kerapatan (0, 105, 5x105, 106, 5x106, dan 107 konidia/ml), setiap perlakuan diulang lima kali. Sporulasi pada tubuh rayap dihitung dari rayap C. curvignathus yang telah mati pada uji patogenisitas. Kelimpahan populasi anggota koloni rayap yang telah diaplikasi dengan Metarhizium anisopliae dan M. brunneum diduga melalui teknik penangkapan dan penandaan tiga tahap (triple mark recapture technique) dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Data mortalitas C. curvignathus dan S. javanicus pada uji patogenisitas serta sporulasi dan daya kecambah dianalisis berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), data kelimpahan anggota koloni rayap dianalisis berdasarkan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan menggunakan program MINITAB dan diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) pada taraf nyata 5% dengan menggunakan program Statistical Analysis System (SAS) versi 6.12. Hubungan kerapatan konidia dengan mortalitas dan waktu aplikasi dengan mortalitas diolah dengan analisis probit (Finney 1971), menggunakan program SAS versi 6.12. Berdasarkan hasil analisis probit dapat diperoleh nilai LC dan LT.
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Judul: Penyelesaian Permainan Flow Colors dengan Meminimumkan Deviasi Panjang Tiap Jalur
Abstrak: Flow Colors is a puzzle game, where players must connect every pair of points of the same color with a pipe so that the pipes cover all the game areas with colors. Pipes with different colors should not be intersected/ overlapped. This problem can be modelled as a problem of making routes on a graph which is a modification of Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP). This study presents how to formulate puzzle of Flow Colors to minimize length deviation of the lines represented by the pipes by applying method of integer linear programming and solving it by using LINGO 11.0 computer software.
Keyword: Traveling Salesman Problem, puzzle Flow Colors, integer linear programming