Judul: Analisis ekspor-impor sektor kehutanan Indonesia dengan negara maju dan negara berkembang
Abstrak: Discrepedancy trade statistic is the inappropriate record keeping between the export data by exporter countries and the import data by importer countries. Theoretically, the record keeping of export data held by exporter countries must be same with the import data kept by importer countries. But, in fact, it is so difficult to make it come true. This research aims to analyze the comparison between export-import data in Indonesia with developed countries and other developing countries, to compare the export-import of forestry and plantation, and the last, to know whether the difference of export-import data. This research used secondary data, which is the export-import data of Indonesia with developed countries like: United State, Japan, Germany, Canada, China, Italy, French, and Australia and developing countries like: Bangladesh, Philippine, India, Malay, Pakistan, Srilanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The period data used was about 1989-2008. The collection of data was done by downloading from www.uncomtrade.org. The kind of export-import data used in this research is forestry export-import data which are plywood (plywood, veneer panel, and similar laminated wood), pulp (chemical wood pulp, soda/sulphate, non conifer, bleached), and plantantion sector like palm (palm oil and its fraction, not chemically modified). The results of analysis shows that there are discrepancy between Indonesia export data records with developed and developing countries import data records for plywood, veneer panel and similar laminated wood; chemical wood pulp, soda/sulphate non conifer, bleached and palm oil and its fraction, not chemically modified, where percentages of discrepancy trade statistics are different in each country. Indonesia export data to developed and developing countries export data to developed and developing countries export data don’t have particular trend.
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Judul: Analysis of Competitiveness and Factors Influencing Indonesian Sawn Timber Export
Abstrak: Indonesia dikenal sebagai negara produksi hasil hutan di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor kayu gergajian Indonesia. Metode penelitian untuk menganalisis daya saing adalah RCA, EPD, dan X-Model Potensial Export. Metode untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor kayu gergajian Indonesia adalah metode regresi data panel dengan time series 2013-2021 serta cross section enam negara tujuan ekspor. Hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki daya saing komparatif di negara tujuan ekspor. Hasil EPD menunjukkan posisi pasar falling star di Korea Selatan, India dan Jepang sedangkan posisi rising star China, Bangladesh, dan Vietnam. Hasil X-Model menunjukkan komoditas kayu gergagjian memiliki potensi ekspansi pasar yang potensial di China, dan Vietnam sedangkan kurang potensial Jepang, India dan Korea Selatan serta posisi optimis ditempati Bangladesh. Hasil analisis regresi data panel menunjukkan GDP riil negara tujuan berpengaruh positif terhadap volume ekspor kayu gergajian Indonesia. Sedangkan nilai tukar, harga ekspor, jarak ekonomi dan populasi berpengaruh negatif terhadap volume ekspor kayu gergajian Indonesia., Indonesia is know as the largest forest product producing country in the world. This study aims to analyze competitiveness and the factors that influence Indonesia exports of sawn timber. Research methods to analyze competitiveness are RCA, EPD, and X-Model Potential Export the method for analyzing the factors influencing Indonesian sawn timber export is the panel data regression method with the 2013-2021 time series and cross sections of six export destination countries. The result of the RCA analysis show that Indonesia has comparative competitiveness in export destination country. The EPD result show the market positions of falling stars in South Korea and Japan while the positions of rising stars are China, Bangladesh, Vietnam and India. The result of the X-Model show that the sawn timber commodity has potential for market expansion in China, Vietnam, and India, while Japan and South Korea have less potential and Bangladesh occupy an optimistic position. The result of the panel data regression analysis show that the real GDP of the destination country has a positive effect on the export volume of Indonesia sawn timber. Meanwhile the exchange rate, export price, economic distance and population have a negative effect on the export volume of Indonesia sawn timber.
Keyword: EPD, Regresi Data Panel, RCA, X-Model, Kayu Gergajian

Judul: Monte Carlo Simulation of Carbon Ion Therapy on Homogeneous and Inhomogeneous Phantoms
Abstrak: Radioterapi ion karbon merupakan salah satu bentuk terapi radiasi yang menggunakan partikel ion karbon sebagai sumbernya untuk mengobati kanker. Ion karbon memiliki massa yang lebih besar dari partikel lainnya dan menghasilkan puncak Bragg pada kurva distribusi dosisnya yang memungkinkan penargetan tumor yang lebih tepat dan meminimalkan kerusakan pada jaringan sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mensimulasikan dan menganalisis distribusi dosis terapi ion karbon dalam bentuk kurva percentage depth dose pada fantom homogen air, tulang, dan paru-paru, dan fantom inhomogen berisi lapisan air, tulang, dan paru-paru menggunakan perangkat lunak berbasis Monte Carlo yaitu PHITS. Besar energi ion karbon divariasikan 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, dan 200 MeV/u. Hasil analisis menunjukkan posisi puncak Bragg dipengaruhi oleh besar energi ion karbon dan densitas dari material fantom. Pada fantom homogen kurva meningkat sampai kedalaman tertentu dan mencapai dosis maksimum. Kedalaman puncak Bragg yang dihasilkan oleh energi 200 MeV/u pada fantom homogen air, tulang, dan paru-paru adalah 8,50 cm, 5,90 cm, dan 33,70 cm. Pada fantom inhomogen terjadi kenaikan dan penurunan kurva pada saat melalui material fantom dengan densitas yang berbeda. Kedalaman puncak Bragg yang dihasilkan oleh energi 200 MeV/u pada fantom inhomogen adalah 15,58 cm., Carbon ion radiotherapy is a radiation therapy that uses carbon ion particles as a source to treat cancer. Carbon ions are heavier than other particles and produce a Bragg peak on their dose distribution curve, which allows more precise targeting of tumors and minimizes damage to healthy tissue. This study aims to simulate and analyze the distribution of carbon ion therapy doses in the form of a percentage depth dose curve in homogeneous phantoms of water, bone, and lung and inhomogeneous phantoms containing layers of water, bone, and lung using Monte Carlo-based PHITS software. The energy of carbon ions is varied by 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175, and 200 MeV/u. The results show that Bragg Peak's position is influenced by carbon ions energy and the material density of the phantom. In homogeneous phantom, the curve increases to a depth with maximum dose. The depth of the Bragg peak with energy 200 MeV/u on homogeneous phantoms of water, bones, and lungs are 8,50, 5,90, and 33,70 cm. In inhomogeneous phantom, the curve increases and decreases when passing through the material with different densities. The depth of the Bragg peak with energy 200 MeV/u on the inhomogeneous phantom is 15.58 cm.
Keyword: Ion Karbon, Monte Carlo, Percentage Depth Dose, PHITS