Judul: Stakeholder Pengelolaan Wisata Alam SPTN Wilayah II Majalengka Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai.
Abstrak: Pengelolaan wisata alam yang ada di TNGC sepenuhnya telah dikelola oleh pihak ketiga baik oleh kelompok masyarakat, Badan Usaha Milik Negara, maupun pihak swasta. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi stakeholder, mengategorikan stakeholder berdasarkan kepentingan dan pengaruh, serta mengidentifikasi ruang dan menentukan tingkat partisipasi stakeholder dengan menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara, dan observasi langsung. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan matriks analisis stakeholder dan tingkat partisipasi stakeholder. Stakeholder yang terlibat dalam pengelolaan wisata alam SPTN Wilayah II Majalengka TNGC berdasarkan kepentingan dan pengaruh terdiri dari 14 stakeholder yang terdiri dari instansi pemerintah, badan usaha koperasi, lembaga swasta, dan kelompok masyarakat dengan dua klasifikasi yaitu key player dan crowd, dalam pengelolaan ini tidak ada subject dan context setter. Sebagian besar stakeholder berpartisipasi sampai pada tingkat kontrol dalam tingkat partisipasi.
Keyword: kepentingan dan pengaruh, stakeholder, tingkat partisipasi, wisata alam

Judul: The Role of Stakeholders in the Development of Nature Tourism in Mount Ciremai National Park
Abstrak: Pengembangan wisata alam di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC) membutuhkan adanya dukungan dari berbagai pihak pemangku kepentingan. Kepentingan dan pengaruh masing-masing stakeholders perlu diketahui untuk mengelompokkan menjadi key player, subject, crowd dan contextsetter dan hasil tersebut untuk merumuskan peranan stakeholders. Tujuan penelitian yaitu mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis stakeholder, menentukan dan menganalisis kategori stakeholder serta merumuskan peran stakeholder. Metode yang digunakan yaitu observasi lapang dan wawancara. Stakeholders yang terlibat dalam pengembangan wisata alam yaitu 16 stakeholder meliputi dua desa penyangga, yaitu Desa Pasawahan dan Desa Bantaragung dan dikelompokkan pada pemerintah pusat, pemerintah daerah, swasta, dan masyarakat. Stakeholder yang teridentifikasi masuk dalam tiga kategori antara lain key player, crowd, dan contextsetter. Stakeholders yang berperan sebagai mitra pelaksana wisata alam merupakan kelompok masyarakat. Balai TNGC merupakan stakeholders kunci yang memiliki peran paling penting dalam pengembangan wisata alam., The development of natural tourism in Mount Ciremai National Park (TNGC) requires the support of various stakeholders. The interests and influence of each stakeholder need to be known to group them into key players, subjects, crowds and contextsetters and the results are to formulate the roles of stakeholders. The research objectives are to identify and analyze stakeholders, determine and analyze stakeholder categories and formulate stakeholder roles. The method used is field observation and interviews. The stakeholders involved in the development of nature tourism are 16 stakeholders including two buffer villages, namely Pasawahan Village and Bantaragung Village and are grouped into the central government, local government, private sector, and community. The identified stakeholders fall into three categories, including key players, crowds, and contextsetters. Stakeholders who act as implementing partners for nature tourism are community groups. TNGC Hall is a key stakeholder who has the most important role in the development of nature tourism.
Keyword: Ciremai Mountain National Park, nature tourism, stakeholders

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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