Judul: Response of Growth and  Production of Corn  to The Combination of Various Types of Biological Fertilizer and NPK
Abstrak: Jagung (Zea mays L.) merupakan tanaman serealia penting ketiga di dunia. Namun, dalam proses budidayanya masih mengandalkan pupuk kimia sebagai sumber hara bagi tanaman. Penggunaan pupuk kimia yang terus menerus ini dapat berpotensi menurunkan produktivitas tanah. Pengaplikasian pupuk hayati dapat menjadi salah satu solusi untuk meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari efektivitas kombinasi pemberian berbagai jenis pupuk hayati dan NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Sawah Baru pada Desember 2023-Februari 2024. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan split-plot dengan faktor NPK sebagai petak utama yang terdiri dari dua taraf dan pupuk hayati sebagai anak petak yang terdiri dari 5 taraf. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian jenis pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan komponen hasil jagung yang ditandai dengan peningkatan tinggi, diameter batang, kehijauan daun, bobot brangkasan, panjang tongkol, diameter tongkol, dan kemanisan jagung., Corn (Zea mays L.) is the third important cereal crop in the world. However, in the cultivation process it still relies on chemical fertilizers as a source of nutrients for plants. The continuous use of chemical fertilizers can potentially reduce soil productivity. The application of biofertilizers can be one of solution to increase soil fertility. This research aims to study the effectiveness of the combination of applying various types of biofertilizers and NPK on the growth and production of corn plants. The research was conducted in Sawah Baru in Experimental Station December 2023-February 2024. The experimental design used was a split-plot design with NPK factors as the main plot consisting of two levels and biofertilizer factors as subplots consisting of 5 levels. The results showed that the application of this type of biofertilizer had a significant effect on the growth and yield components of corn, which were characterized by an increase in height, stem diameter, leaf greenness, strand weight, cob length, cob diameter, and corn sweetness.
Keyword: corn, effectiveness, biofertilizer, NPK, combination

Judul: Combination Effect of Biofertilizer, Organic Fertilizer, and NPK Fertilizer on Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) Yield
Abstrak: Jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) merupakan salah satu bahan pangan. Produktivitas jagung manis dapat ditingkatkan melalui teknologi pemupukan yang tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh kombinasi pupuk hayati, pupuk organik, dan pupuk NPK terhadap hasil jagung manis. Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal yaitu kombinasi pupuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan kombinasi pupuk berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan nilai brix dan diameter tongkol jagung manis. Pemupukan dengan pupuk hayati+organik+NPK 50% dosis memberikan nilai diameter tongkol tertinggi yaitu sebesar 5,1 cm, 10,9% lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol dan 6,25% lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan pupuk hayati+organik tanpa pupuk NPK. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk NPK masih diperlukan disamping aplikasi pupuk organik dan pupuk hayati. Pemupukan organik saja memberikan hasil tertinggi terhadap tingkat kemanisan jagung manis dengan nilai 16,8% brix, 15,9% lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan pupuk NPK 100% dosis., Sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) is one of food source. Sweet corn productivity can be improved through right fertilization technology. The aim of this research was to study the effect of combination of biofertilizer, organic fertilizer, and NPK fertilizer on sweet corn productivity. Research used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with single factor i.e. combination of fertilizer. The result showed that combination of fertilizer treatment had significant effect on the increase of ear diameter and sweetness level. Fertilization by biofertilizer+organic fertilizer+ NPK 50% doses improved ear diameter to 5.1 cm or 10.9% higher than the control treatment and 6.25% higher than fertilization by biofertilizer+organic no NPK fertilizer. It is shown that NPK fertilizer is needed beside organic fertilizer and biofertilizer. The organic fertilization only affect highest sweetness level with 16.8 % brix or 15.9% higher than NPK 100% doses treatment.
Keyword: brix, ear diameter, fertilization

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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