Judul: Inventarisasi Hama Pascapanen Pada Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di Sulawesi Selatan dan Pengendalian Araecerus fasciculatus (De Gerr) Menggunakan Kantung Hermetik
Abstrak: Globally, Indonesia is the second largest cocoa producer (849.875 metric ton in 2011) after Ivory Coast (1.6 million metric ton). Cocoa beans exported to the United States often get “automatic detention” due to insect infestation.The objectives of these research were (a) to inventory the diversity of postharvest pest of cocoa beans, (b) to develop recommendation for good storage practices using hermetic plastic bags for keeping dried cocoa beans in storage. Research was conducted in two steps: (1) field survey and (2) bioassay on the use of hermetic plastic bags to store dried cocoa beans. Field survey was conducted in the center of cocoa bean production in South Sulawesi, specifically in Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Bantaeng, Bulukumba and the City of Makassar. Hermetic plastic bags used were “Kantung Semar” and compared with polypropylene bags as control. Insect species found on cocoa bean samples from exporters warehouses were dominated Ephestia cautella, Araecerus fasciculatus, Liposcelis sp., In hermetic storage trials, 100% mortality was found on all storage time, 1, 2, and 3 months. This kind of storage system causes a decrease in oxygen content (up to 2% in 1 month, 0.9% in 2 months, and 0.5% in 3 months) and an increase in carbon dioxide (to 20% in 1 month and 22-23% in 2 and 3 months storage).
Keyword: hermetic storage, postharvest pests, cocoa, Inventory

Judul: Praktek Budidaya Kakao dan Prospek Pemanfaatan Semut Hitam dan Semut Rangrang untuk Pengendalian Hama Penggerek Buah Kakao di Kabupaten Kolaka, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: Sulawesi Tenggara is one of the center of cocoa plantation in Indonesia. One of the problems faced by farmers is the infestation of cocoa pod borer (CPB). Farmers usually use chemical insecticides to control the pest, although the results are not satisfactory. The aims of this research were to find a cultivation for controlling the CPB, and the effect of the black ants and weaver ant to the attack intensity and seed damage caused by the cocoa pod borer. This research was conducted in cocoa plantation in Desa Lambandia, Kecamatan Lambandia, Kabupaten Kolaka, Sulawesi Tenggara, from April to September 2009. The research included survey of cocoa cultivation practices and utilization of black ant and weaver ant to control the CPB. The results showed that farming practices have been done by farmers, such as pruning, harvesting oftenly, sanitation–but not maximum and not all farmer practice it. To control the pest, farmers rely on insecticides. Biological control using black ant and weaver ant was not used by farmers. Weaver ants could reduce the population of CPB’s eggs, pupae, and adult, the fruit damage and intensity of CPB infestation decreased in the presence of weaver ant.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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