Judul: Analisis dan Pemetaan Indeks Kekeringan Meteorologis Menggunakan Data Satelit TRMM dari 36 Titik Stasiun BMKG di Pulau Sumatera.
Abstrak: Drought index criteria in a region can be determined by using a method that calculates drought index value of the region. SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index) is a method that can be used to calculate the level of monthly meteorological drought in the region. Rainfall is the main factor affecting the meteorological drought. TRMM satellite provides estimated rainfall data that can be used to calculate the value of meteorological drought index in a region. Validation of estimated rainfall data with observation data showed a positive correlation at convidence interval 95%. Meteorological drought index value of Sumatra Island in 2001 to 2010 ranged from -2.51 to 2.67 indicating the criteria very dry to very wet. Mapping monthly drought index indicates the dominant drought occurred in June and July which happens almost every year except in 2006 on June and 2004 on July. The index also describes dry region in wet months such as November in 2001, 2004, 2006, and 2007 also December in 2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008 and 2010. Areas that often experience drought meteorology of the mapping are North Sumatera, Riau, South Sumatra, and Lampung. Very dry drought criteria in North Sumatra occurred in August 2004 and September 2005, with the region experiencing frequent droughts is part of the south and east of North Sumatra. Very dry conditions in Riau occurred in April 2005 and almost all regions of Riau showed drought especially in May, June, and July even drought also occurred in December, January, and March. Very dry drought criteria occurred in South Sumatra in March 2007 and December 2008. Drought in South Sumatra covers an area to the west, north, and south droughts often occur in May, June, and July. The whole area of Lampung experiencing extremely dry drought criteria in April 2005 and 2008, drought often occurs at the beginning of the year such as February, March, April and May.
Keyword: TRMM, SPI (Standardized Precipitation Index), Drought index

Judul: Comparison of Bias Correction Methods on ECMWF Precipitation Data as the Basis for Meteorological Drought Analysis
Abstrak: Kekeringan meteorologis disebabkan oleh curah hujan yang rendah dalam kurun waktu tertentu. Riau merupakan salah satu provinsi di Indonesia yang rawan mengalami kekeringan. Analisis kekeringan dapat dilakukan dengan menghitung indeks kekeringan salah satunya menggunakan metode Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). Menghitung SPI memerlukan data curah hujan sebagai input yang dapat diperoleh melalui data observasi ataupun data model satelit jika ketersediaan data observasi terbatas. Namun, luaran data model masih memiliki bias terhadap data observasi sehingga perlu dikoreksi sebelum digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan dua metode koreksi bias pada data curah hujan model European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) di Provinsi Riau tahun 2007-2016 dan mengidentifikasi metode yang menghasilkan luaran data terbaik, yaitu memiliki korelasi tertinggi dan nilai error (RMSE) terendah terhadap curah hujan observasi. Metode koreksi bias yang digunakan yaitu Quantile Mapping dan Rasio Rata-rata. Curah hujan hasil koreksi terbaik kemudian digunakan untuk menghitung SPI. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa curah hujan ECMWF yang dikoreksi menggunakan metode Rasio rata-rata memberikan hasil terbaik dibandingkan metode Quantile Mapping karena memiliki korelasi tertinggi dan RMSE terendah. Berdasarkan analisis temporal SPI di Provinsi Riau (rata-rata seluruh grid) tahun 2007-2016 menggunakan curah hujan ECMWF terkoreksi metode Rasio Rata-rata, telah terjadi kekeringan sebanyak 17 kali dengan rata-rata durasi kejadian selama 2 bulan dan durasi maksimum hingga 4 bulan. Pada bulan Oktober tahun 2015 Provinsi Riau (bagian selatan) mengalami kekeringan yang diikuti oleh kejadian IOD positif (menandakan kekeringan di Indonesia) dengan nilai SPI mencapai -1,77 dan masuk ke dalam kategori sangat kering., Meteorological drought caused by low precipitation within a certain period of time. Riau is one of the provinces in Indonesia which is prone to drought events. Drought analysis can be done by calculating the drought index named Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI). The drought index (SPI) requires precipitation data as an input that can be obtained through observation data or satellite data model if the observation data are limited. However, satellite data model has a bias against observation data and needs to be corrected before being used as an input. This study aims to compare two different bias data correction methods on European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecast (ECMWF) precipitation data in Riau Province on 2007-2016 which shows the best corrected data output (highest correlation and lowest RMSE). The bias correction method that used in this study are Quantile Mapping and Average Ratio. The best corrected output of ECMWF precipitation data then used to calculate SPI. The results of this analysis show that the Average Ratio method has the better results than Quantile Mapping method as it has a lower error value (RMSE) and higher correlation (r). Based on temporal SPI analysis in Riau Province (all grids average) on 2007-2016 using corrected ECMWF precipitation by Average Ratio method shows that there were 17 times of drought with 2 months average duration and a maximum duration is 4 months. In October 2015, Riau Province (southern area) suffered drought which was followed by positive IOD (indicating drought in Indonesia) with -1,77 SPI value and classified as the very dry category.
Keyword: average ratio, meteorological drought, quantile mapping, SPI

Judul: Desain Gerbang Logika Kuantum Fredkin Multi- Kontrol Berbasis Gerbang Toffoli Melalui Superposisi Gerbang Elementer
Abstrak: Gerbang Fredkin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sel pembangun rangkaian fulladder untuk proses komputasi. Karena sifatnya yang reversibel, gerbang tersebut dapat dibuat dari sususan gerbang-gerbang elementer dengan basis gerbang Toffoli. Pada penelitian ini, penulis mencari desain dari gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol berbasis gerbang Toffoli dengan mengkombinasikan tiga jenis gerbang elementer, yaitu CNOT, CV, dan CV†. Penelitian ini juga memperhitungkan jumlah gerbang elementer yang digunakan (quantum cost) dan jalur tambahan (ancillae input) dari desain-desain gerbang Fredkin yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol dapat dibentuk oleh susunan tiga gerbang Toffoli multi-kontrol. Kemudian, gerbang-gerbang tersebut dapat direkonstruksi menjadi susunan gerbang-gerbang elementernya. Jumlah quantum cost dan ancillae input akan semakin besar seiring bertambahnya jumlah kontrol yang digunakan.
Keyword: Gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol, gerbang Toffoli multi-kontrol, gerbang elementer