Judul: Konvergensi dan Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kesenjangan Pendapatan Daerah di Enam Koridor Indonesia
Abstrak: Areas development is a sub system of economic corridors and province development, also as part of national development that could not be separated. The implication of economic development at each district level has been gave different achievement. The Implication of fiscal decentralization policy on 2001, gave an important roles to the region government on areas growth. Aims of this research are to analyze dynamics of areas disparity and facilities development, to examine the income convergence by Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and household expenditures of district level areas and comparing between economic corridor in Indonesia, and to analyze the influence factors of areas disparity between economic corridor in Indonesia for five years period on 2006-2010. The conclusion of analysis result shows when used GRDP, there were no income convergence of district level in Indonesia, while when used household expenditures by FD-GMM estimation technique, there were a number of convergence process. Further, there were convergences in every economic corridor, both with GRDP or household expenditures. The fastest convergence exists at Java Economic Corridor by household expenditures.
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Judul: Convergence and the Factors that Influence Regional Inequality of District Level in Java
Abstrak: Pulau Jawa merupakan wilayah yang menjadi pusat pemerintahan sekaligus perekonomian di Indonesia dengan perkembangan yang pesat sehingga menyebabkan bias pembangunan Jawa – luar Jawa semakin besar. Pelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal menempatkan kebijakan fiskal pada level kabupaten/kota pada posisi penting dalam upaya pengembangan wilayah yang lebih luas dan konstelasi kota-kota sekitarnya. Kondisi ekonomi yang bersifat struktural di setiap daerah juga dikaitkan dengan beragamnya faktor endowment yang dimiliki setiap daerah, yang dapat memicu terjadinya ketimpangan antar wilayah. Dinamika pendapatan antar wilayah selama ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan data PDRB yang menunjukkan potensi daerah dalam proses produksi. Data ini kurang dapat merepresentasikan kemampuan masyarakatnya dalam mencapai kesejahteraan. Analisis konvergensi wilayah berdasarkan data tersebut perlu dibandingkan dengan melihat pendapatan masyarakat, yang diproksi dengan menggunakan pendekatan pengeluaran rumah tangga. Penelitian ini pada intinya bertujuan (1) menggambarkan ketimpangan wilayah di Pulau Jawa; (2) menguji konvergensi wilayah kabupaten/kota dan membandingkan fenomena konvergensi antar provinsi di Pulau Jawa dikaji dari pendekatan pendapatan regional dan pendekatan pengeluaran rumah tangga; dan (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketimpangan wilayah di Pulau Jawa. Ruang lingkup penelitian adalah seluruh kabupaten/kota di Pulau Jawa kecuali DKI Jakarta, dengan menggabungkan daerah-daerah pemekaran untuk menjamin konsistensi data sehingga analisis penelitian diagregasi menjadi 105 wilayah. Periode waktu penelitian adalah 9 tahun, mulai dari diimplementasikannya desentralisasi fiskal yaitu dari tahun 2001 – 2009., Java is the centre of governance and also economic activity, so then its growth is faster than other islands in Indonesia. Implementation of fiscal decentralization policy since 2001 placing the district government as the important position on regional growth. The purpose of this study is analyse the income convergency using Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and household expenditure. Those two proxy variable was used to compare convergency. The result finds that no income convergency when using GDRP, meanwhile there is convergency process when using household expenditure with FD-GMM estimation technique. The biggest speed of convergence for provinces in Java happened in West Java, that was influenced on manufacture sector. Applying static panels, we obtain that Java income inequality is affected by manufacture share, labour education rate, number of public health centre, electricity energy and water infrastructure. On the other hand, increasing household expenditure is only affected by a rise of labour education.
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Judul: Photosensor producing based on ferroelectric material of Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 doped by Ferrium Oxide (Fe2O3) on a P-Type Silicon Substate Si (100) applied as a digital camera with a single pixel image sensor
Abstrak: Thin film Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 (BST) doped with Fe2O3 was grown on p-type silicon substrate (100) using chemical solution deposition (CSD). It used the solvent 2-methoxyethanol with annealing temperature of 850°C and the doping treatment Fe2O3 of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % of the mass formed BST. Pure BST had the highest absorption of 600 nm of light wavelength. Additions Fe2O3 moves highest absorption in the range of 560 nm. Fe2O3 addition was strengthening thin film sensitivity to the effects of light. In general, doping Fe2O3 10% was result the best absorbance and current-voltage of BST thin film. Electrical properties of thin films BST include dielectric, photoconductivity, and dissipation energy. Based on the current-voltage (I-V) analysis, pure BST and doped BST showed photodiode properties. Dielectric values obtained in the range from 23.32 to 243. Based on electrical conductivity data and energy dissipation, BST thin films have shown photodiode characteristics and are therefore suitable as light sensors. The image sensor in a digital camera is also a light sensor. This BST thin film has been scientifically proven to be a light sensor and also it can be applied as an image sensor. This is a novelty image sensor based on thin film Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3.
Keyword: barium strontium titanate, thin film, photodiode, image sensor, digital camera