Judul: Analisis marka molekuler terpaut karakter fisiologi dari sifat toleransi aluminium pada padi
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara dengan jumlah penduduk yang cukup besar di dunia. Peningkatan jumlah penduduk akan berpengaruh pada peningkatan kebutuhan pangan. Padi (Oriza sativa L.) merupakan tanaman pangan yang sangat penting karena sampai saat ini masih digunakan sebagai sumber makanan pokok sebagian besar penduduk Indonesia. Lahan-lahan pertanian yang produktif beralih fungsi menjadi kawasan industri dan pemukiman terutama di pulau Jawa. Untuk peningkatan produksi pertanian, terjadi peralihan lahan pertanian ke lahan-lahan marginal yang meliputi lahan-lahan kering dan lahan pasang surut. Kendala yang dihadapi adalah keasaman tanah, kahat hara makro dan mikro, kandungan bahan organik rendah, tingkat kejenuhan Al yang tinggi. Pada pH < 4,0 bentuk Al3+ merupakan bentuk yang paling dominan dan sangat beracun bagi tanaman. Padi merupakan tanaman yang relatif toleran terhadap keracunan Al dibanding tanaman sereal lainnya. Akan tetapi tingginya kandungan Al di tanah menyebabkan pertumbuhan akar terhambat, pendek dan tebal, percabangan tidak normal, tudung akar rusak dan berwarna cokelat atau merah, dan pada akhirnya akan merusak sistem perakaran dan mengganggu penyerapan hara oleh tanaman. Untuk menghadapi masalah tersebut salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan adalah menggunakan varietas yang toleran terhadap cekaman Al melalui seleksi dan persilangan. Akan tetapi seleksi dan persilangan secara konvensional akan memerlukan waktu yang lama dan areal yang luas untuk memproduksi galur yang baru. Oleh karena itu, seleksi melalui analisis marka molekuler terpaut sifat fisiologi dari sifat toleransi Al dapat membantu proses seleksi dalam program perakitan galur harapan toleransi cekaman Al serta dapat dilakukan pada tahap pembibitan. Salah satu marka molekuler yang dapat dipergunakan adalah marka SSR (simple sequence repeats) atau mikrosatelit
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Judul: Eksplorasi Marka Mikrosatelit yang Terkait dengan Sifat Toleransi Keracunan Aluminium pada Padi
Abstrak: Acid soils limited agricultural productivity around the world because of the high solubility of aluminum (Al). The objective of this study was to find gene location of Al tolerant trait in rice chromosome from crossed between Cabacu and IR64. One way to found gene location of Al tolerant was by using phenotype analysis and molecular marker microsatellite or SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats). Markers with a specific character could be selected using Bulk Segregant Analysis (BSA). Total 187 strains of F6 rice population from crossed between Cabacu and IR64 were tested using solution of Yoshida. Root length at 45 ppm AlCl3 condition for 21 days was used as data for phenotype linkage analysis with molecular markers. The result of linkage analysis using 47 microsatellite primer shown that RM 104, RM 25, RM 72 and RM 201 were associated with Al stress tolerant trait. These markers shown the genes location which associated with aluminum toxicity tolerance at position 40.166.840 bp chromosome 1, 4.377.460 bp dan 6.762.710 bp chromosome 8 and 20.174.289 bp chromosome 9.
Keyword: tolerant, bulk segregant analysis, microsatellites marker, rice.

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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