Judul: Uji Kolom Tanah Latosol, Podsolik, Dan Regosol Sebagai Objek Simulasi Parit Infiltrasi (Infiltration Trench) Limbah Domestik
Abstrak: Nowadays, domestic waste water has seriously become a potential pollution source of water bodies. The lack of in situ domestic waste water treatment facilities lead to river pollution. One of the technics used to treat domestic waste water is infiltration trench. Infiltration trench filters out the domestic waste water by certain media and infiltrate them through soil body. The objective of the research is to identify the capability of soil in neutralizing some components of the domestic waste water in infiltration trench application. A set of laboratory scale research has been done using a series of soil columns of 30 cm length (top soil and subsoil) and 4 inch diameter. The columns were subjected to a periodic waste water application. Soil adsorption properties were indicated by the vertical flow velocity of the waste water flowing through the soil column and its quality after discharging off the column. Podzolic has a higher capability in adsorping waste water than Latosol or Regosol. It were indicated by the longer time needed by the waste water to pass through Podzolic column. The volume of waste water discharging off the soil column increased since the second week till the end of the research. Nitrogen and phosphate content of the waste water passing through soil column were affected significantly by the type of soil. However the filter media applied on the top of soil column have no effect on nitrogen and phosphate content of the waste water. Nitrogen content decreased respectively up to 63%, 87%, and 75%, after passing through Latosol, Podzolic, and Regosol. And phosphate content decrease up to 99% either after passing through Latosol, Podzolic, or Regosol. Although filter media have no effect on nutrient content of domestic waste water after passing through soil column they tend to have the ability to protect soil surface from being hit by waste water application and tend to make the waste water clearer after passing through soil column.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Sampah Organik terhadap Laju Infiltrasi Lubang Resapan Biopori di Areal Pemukiman
Abstrak: Currently, rain water and organic waste have not been utilized optimally. Biopore Infiltration Hole (Lubang Resapan Biopori (LRB)) was develoved to accelerate water absorption by using organic waste. Some people had known and use the LRB technology. Still, there are some mistakes, people didn’t use the organic waste in LRB’s technology. Therefore , it is necessary to study the effect of using organic waste to LRB infiltration rate, to convince the public and fix their mistakes. This study used a randomized block design within five treatments with 3 blocks as replicates. The treatments were : (1) LRB without a filled organic waste (S0), (2) LRB filled with kitchen organic waste in the early course (S1), (3) LRB filled with mango leaves in the early course (S2), (4) LRB filled with kitchen organic waste continuously (S3), (5) LRB filled with mango leaves continuously (S4). Observed variable is the rate of LRB infiltration, conducted over 14 weeks by time measuring once per week. The result showed that the infiltration rate in LRB S1 and S2 treatments significantly higher than the S0 treatment at the first measurement and tended to be higher in the next measurentments. Overall infiltration rate in LRB S3 and S4 treatments were highly significantly higher when compared to S0 treatment, even significantly higher than S1 and S2. The treatments filled with organic waste enhanced of infiltration rate in LRB. Kitchen organic wastes produces the infiltration rate higher than mango leaves
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Judul: The Anatomy of the skull of Kalimantan Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari anatomi tengkorak orangutan Kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus pygmaeus) jantan yang dikaitkan dengan fungsi unsur-unsur di kepala dan perilaku kesehariannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengkaji ciri-ciri anatomi tengkorak orangutan dan membandingkannya dengan literatur tengkorak manusia dan hewan yang memiliki kedekatan taksonomi dan anatomi dengannya, yaitu gorilla dan simpanse serta dengan tengkorak hewan lain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan beberapa karakteristik tengkorak orangutan yang diamati, diantaranya sutura yang tidak terlihat jelas dan diduga tengkorak ini berasal dari orangutan yang sudah berumur tua. Disamping itu, juga terdapat krista yang sangat berkembang pada daerah calvaria tengkorak, yaitu crista frontalis, crista sagittalis externa, dan crista nuchae. Crista frontalis diduga sebagai tempat pertautan cheek pad yang sangat berkembang pada orangutan jantan, crista sagittalis externa diduga sebagai tempat pertautan m. temporale dan crista nuchae diduga sebagai tempat pertautan otot-otot ekstensor leher dan kepala. Selain itu, arcus zygomaticus yang sangat kuat dan berkembang, dibentuk oleh processus zygomaticus dari os temporale dan processus temporale dari os zygomaticus. Bagian tengkorak yang paling berkembang pada orangutan adalah pars splanchnocranii yang terlihat pada daerah mulut yang menonjol dan panjang. Formula gigi dari hewan ini adalah 2 (I 2/2, C 1/1, P 2/2, M 3/3) dengan dentes canini yang terlihat sangat berkembang dan merupakan ciri sexual dimorphism-nya.
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