Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Paraquat, Difenoconazol, dan BPMC (Buthylphenylmethyl Carbamate) Terhadap CO2 yang Dilepaskan dari Bahan Gambut dengan Inkubasi Tertutup dan Terbuka
Abstrak: The use of pesticides in agriculture is considered practically to eradicate the pests and plant diseases. However there are woried about the impact of environmental pollution on soil and water. In addition, other important environmental issues from the peat soil is carbon emissions. Peat soils have high organic carbon, so that when the carbon is lost through oxidation process, it will be speed up the release of the carbon emitted into the atmosphere. However, the organic material from peat soil is able to absorb the active materials of pesticides. Therefore, the application of pesticides in peat soils can be expected reduce the carbon release. This study aimed to find out the effect of Paraquat, Difenoconazol, and BPMC (Buthylphenylmethyl Carbamate) on CO2 release from Peat in the form of concentrations and fluxes Materials with Opened and Closed Incubation. Incubation time consists of 1 day, 2 days, 4 days, 5 days, and 7 days. The time was selected according with the retention of pesticides is less than 2 weeks. CO2 concentration and flux measurements is used by IRGA (Infrared Gas Analysis) type LI-802. Gases from a closed chamber flowed into the IRGA by using a pump and CO2 concentration directly read by IRGA every second for approximately 2,5 minutes. The study consisted of closed and opened incubation. In a closed incubation measured of CO2 concentrations, while the open incubation measured of CO2 flux . The results showed in the first seven days of closed incubation, can be increased of the CO2 concentration. In a closed incubation treatment of paraquat, difenoconazol, and BPMC CO2 concentration measured at 6.282,98 ppm, ppm 5.043,72, and 5.112,69 ppm. While control of soil is equal to 4.716,70 ppm. In the opened incubation treatment of paraquat, difenoconazol, and BPMC CO2 flux measured is 0,009 mg/m2/sec, 0,005 mg/m2/sec, and 0,015 mg/m2/sec and control of soil has 0,001 mg/m2/sec. The low rate application of pesticide has not impacted significantly on reducing CO2 concentrations and the relatively short time of application.
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Judul: Uji Pemberian Paraquat, Difenoconazole DanButylphenylmethyl Carbamate (BPMC) Terhadap Emisi CO2 dan CH4, serta Perubahan Konsentrasi Asam-Asam Fenolat Di Tanah Gambut
Abstrak: Pesticides are widely used in agriculture land, including agricultural land with peat soil. The Study concerning pesticide and CO2 emission has not been done in Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of paraquat, difenoconazole, butylphenylmethyl carbamate (BPMC) on CO2 and CH4 emission and concentration of phenolic acids in peat soil. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Chemistry and Fertility, Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, IPB. Soil Sample was collected in District of Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan. Peat soil was treated with paraquat, difenoconazole dan butylphenylmethyl carbamate (BPMC) and incubated for 24, 48, 96, 120 and 168 hours. The results showed that the application of pesticides at the recommendation rates increased CO2 emission compared to that of control. Concentration of total phenolic acid of all treatments decreased sharply compared to that of initial data where the concentration of total phenolic acids of treated ones were lower than those of control except BPMC. The results suggested that CO2 emission were from Carbon of degraded phenolic acid and pesticides. The application of pesticides with recommendation rate decreased CH4 emission compared to that of control.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Tubuh Buaya Senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii)
Abstrak: Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan buaya besar yang rentan punah dan hanya dapat ditemukan di rawa dataran rendah, danau dan sungai di Sumatera bagian timur, Kalimantan dan Jawa Barat (Indonesia), Serawak, Semenanjung Malaysia (Malaysia) serta Brunei Darussalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong yang dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu set preparat skelet tubuh buaya senyulong. Parameter penelitian meliputi pengamatan bentuk bagian skelet yang khas, mengukur panjang dan lebar tulang, serta dibandingkan dengan skelet tubuh jenis buaya lain, biawak air (Varanus salvator) maupun literatur yang terkait dengan sistem skelet tubuh hewan. Karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong relatif mirip pada jenis buaya lain. Beberapa karakteristik yang ditemukan yaitu, proatlas pada os atlas, os axis hanya memiliki zygapophysis caudalis, bagian lateral dari ossa vertebrae cervicales yang dilengkapi dengan cervical ribs, memiliki jumlah costae sternalis yang banyak, rangkaian ossa gastralia pada abdomen, ossa vertebrae lumbales memiliki zygapophysis cranialis dengan sudut >90o dari sumbu tubuh. Selain itu, os vertebrae caudalis I memiliki caput cranial dan caudal, ossa vertebrae caudales memiliki processus transversus yang semakin memendek ke arah caudal. Di medioventral tulang ini ditemukan ossa chevron dengan hemal arch sampai menjelang akhir ossa vertebrae caudalis. Skelet tubuh buaya senyulong memiliki hubungan yang kokoh dan kompak untuk menunjang fleksibilitas tubuh untuk berjalan, berenang dan berburu mangsa
Keyword: anatomi, buaya senyulong, skelet tubuh