Judul: Analysis of bioactive compounds as wide Spectrum antimiccrobial from sponge associated bacteria from Haliclona sp.
Abstrak: Senyawa antimikrob berspektrum luas dari enam isolat yang berasosiasi dengan spons Haliclona sp. diekstrak menggunakan pelarut etil asetat. Keenam isolat tersebut adalah HAA-02, HAA-07, HAL-08, HAL-10, HAL-20, dan HAL-23. Ekstrak kasar bakteri tersebut kemudian diuji aktivitasnya terhadap beberapa mikrob patogen dan non patogen. Hasilnya sebagian ekstrak kasar isolat bakteri marin tersebut memiliki aktivitas hambatan terhadap S. aureus, EPEC, B. subtilis, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, dan C. albicans. Konsentrasi hambatan minimum (MIC) dari supernatan bakteri marin tersebut berkisar antara 12,5% hingga 100%. Hasil kromatografi lapis tipis dibawah sinar UV 365 nm menunjukkan bahwa masing-masing isolat bakteri marin memiliki fraksi yang aktif menghambat P. aeruginosa melalui uji bioautografi. Dua dari enam isolat membawa gen poliketida synthase (PKS) dan lima dari enam isolat membawa gen nonribosomal peptide syntethase (NRPS).
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Judul: Antimicrobial Activity of Sponge-Haliclona sp.-Associated Bacteria and Their Genetics Analysis
Abstrak: Three marine bacterial isolates isolated from sponge-Haliclona sp. coded as HAL-13, HAL-74, and HAA-01 produced broad spectrum of antimicrobial compounds. Extraction of antimicrobial compounds has been performed using n-butanol and ethyl acetate solvent. Bacterial crude extracts from all of these isolates showed broad spectrum activity against bacterial and fungal test strains, i.e. Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, enteropathogenic Escherichia coli K1-1, Candida albicans, and Candida tropicalis. Crude extract from HAL-13 showed the highest antimicrobial activity against bacterial and fungal test strain. Analysis of active spot from thin layer chromatography plate was conducted by bioautography technique. At least one spot from each bacterial crude extract has antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and enteropathogenic Escherichia coli K1-1. Purification of antimicrobial compounds from HAL-13 were performed using column chromatography with chloroform-methanol solvent system. Thirty-seven fractions were collected from column chromatography, five fractions of which have antimicrobial activity. DNA fragment of ketosynthase of polyketide synthase genes cluster from HAL-13, HAL-74, HAA-01 were amplified and successfully cloned into pGEMT-Easy. Sequences analysis showed that they had homology with PKS type of 1 B. subtilis BSN5 for HAL 13 and HAA-01, and PKS type 1 of B. amyloliquefaciens for HAL-74.
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Judul: Perubahan Penggunaan/Tutupan Lahan Tahun 1990-2005 dan Proyeksi Perubahan Tahun 2020-2035 di Kawasan Jabodetabek
Abstrak: Rapid population and economic activities growths in Jabodetabek cause more demand for urbanization. People tend to convert their land to land uses that provide higher land rent. This research aims to describe land use/cover change in the Jabodetabek region from 1990 to 2005, to analyze the spatial pattern of land use/cover changes in the Jabodetabek region from 1990 to 2005, and to forecast the land use/cover for 2020 and 2035. The results of this study show that the land use/cover in 1990, 1995, and 2005 was dominated by paddy field, which were respectively 256.757 Ha (37.7%), 258.638 ha (37.9%), and 254.670 ha (37.4%). In that period, the paddy field was also experiencing the largest land use/cover conversion into other uses. Meanwhile, the built-up area experiencing the largest increase, reached 92.604 ha in 2005. Jabodetabek area in 2020 is expected to be dominated by paddy fields as well as as built-up, whereas in the year 2035, built-up area to be the largest land use/cover areas in Jabodetabek region. Forest area, water bodies, paddy field as well as other agricultural uses will continue to decrease since 2005. On the other side, in the built up 2020 and 2035 the built up areas will continue to increase. The largest type of land use/cover change in Jabodetabek region is the conversion of paddy field in built-up area.
Keyword: Land use forecast, Land use/cover change, Jabodetabek region