Judul: Analysis of Lying and Standing Behavior of Dairy Cattle in Individual Tie Stall Using Automation System
Abstrak: Status kesehatan ternak dapat dinilai dari tingkah lakunya. Pengamatan tingkah laku ternak dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem otomasi/Closed Circuit Television (CCTV). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkah laku ternak berbaring dan berdiri pada kandang individu dengan menggunakan sistem otomasi/CCTV. Penelitian dilakukan pada Februari hingga Mei 2023 di peternakan sapi perah Jrami Farm yang berlokasi di Bogor, Jawa Barat. Durasi dan frekuensi tingkah laku berbaring dan berdiri direkam menggunakan CCTV dari pukul 00.00- 23.59 selama tujuh hari pengamatan. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif yang disajikan dalam bentuk tabel dan grafik. Selain itu, uji mastitis juga dilakukan menggunakan pereaksi IPB-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan durasi tingkah laku berbaring dan berdiri secara berurutan, yaitu 761,7 ± 51,3 menit/hari dan 381,7 ± 87,5 menit/hari. Ternak berbaring sebanyak 9,4 ± 2,1 kali/hari dengan durasi rata-rata satu kali berbaring selama 85,2 ± 21,8 menit/berbaring. Uji mastitis menunjukkan ternak menderita mastitis subklinis. Sistem otomasi/CCTV dapat menjadi alternatif dalam pengamatan tingkah laku ternak. Tingkah laku berbaring menjadi tingkah laku dengan durasi paling lama dilakukan dan mastitis subklinis tidak memengaruhi tingkah laku tersebut., The health status of the cattle can be assessed from their behaviors. The observations of livestock behaviors can be done using automatic/Closed Circuit Television (CCTV) systems. This study was done in February until May 2023 on Jrami Farm dairy cattle farm located at Bogor, West Java to analyze the lying and standing behavior of dairy cattle in individual tie stall using automatic/CCTV system. The duration of lying and standing behavior was recorded by using CCTV from 00.00-23.59 for seven days observation. The data was analyzed by using a descriptive analysis method presented in tables and graphs. Furthermore, the mastitis test was done using IPB-1 mastitis test. The results showed that the duration of lying down and standing behavior were 761,7 ± 51,3 minute/day dan 381,7 ± 87,5 minute/day. Cattles lay down 9,4 ± 2,1 bouts/day with a bout duration on average of 85,2 ± 21,8 minute/bout. The mastitis test showed that cattles had subclinical mastitis. Automation/CCTV systems can be an alternative in observing livestock behavior. Lying down is the behavior with the longest duration and subclinical mastitis doesn’t affect this behavior.
Keyword: animal behavior, CCTV, dairy cattle, lying down, mastitis

Judul: Assessment of Draminski Detector as a Subclinical Mastitis Screening Tool in Dairy Cows at Pondok Ranggon People’s Farms
Abstrak: Mastitis subklinis merupakan salah satu masalah utama dalam pengembangan peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia. Beberapa alat uji skrining telah dikembangkan untuk membantu upaya pengendalian masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kesesuaian (agreement) alat Draminski Mastitis Detector untuk menjadi alat skrining mastitis subklinis pada sapi perah. Sampel susu kuartir yang berasal dari 27 ekor sapi perah dalam masa laktasi normal di kawasan Pondok Ranggon Jakarta Timur dikumpulkan untuk diuji terhadap kemungkinan berasal dari kuartir yang menderita mastitis subklinis. Setiap sampel susu diuji dengan 3 jenis uji yaitu metode Breed (golden standard) yang berdasarkan jumlah sel somatis, alat Milkchecker yang berdasarkan konduktivitas listrik, dan alat Draminski Mastitis Detector yang berdasarkan hambatan listrik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Draminski Mastitis Detector memiliki tingkat kesesuaian yang kurang baik terhadap metode Breed sebagai metode baku (nilai Kappa 0,013) dan alat Milkchecker (nilai Kappa 0,036). Alat uji ini juga dinilai memiliki kinerja uji yang kurang baik dalam mendiagnosa kasus mastitis subklinis pada sapi perah dengan nilai sensitivitas 3,5%, spesifisitas 100%, nilai prediktif positif 100%, nilai prediktif negatif 18,8%, prevalensi dugaan 2,9%, dan prevalensi sebenarnya 81,7%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini Draminski Mastitis Detector tidak dapat digunakan untuk menggantikan metode Breed dan Milkchecker sebagai alat uji skrining deteksi mastitis subklinis pada sapi perah di Indonesia yang umumnya dipelihara dengan cara konvensional (peternakan rakyat)., Subclinical mastitis is one of the main problems in the development of dairy farming in Indonesia. Several screening test tools have been developed to support of control program for this problem. This study aims to assess the suitability (agreement) of the Draminski Mastitis Detector as a screening tool for subclinical mastitis in dairy cows. Quaternary milk samples from 27 dairy cows during normal lactation in the Pondok Ranggon area, East Jakarta were collected to be tested for the possibility of coming from quarters suffering from subclinical mastitis. Each milk sample was tested with 3 types of tests, namely the Breed method (golden standard) which is based on the number of somatic cells, the device Milkchecker which is based on electrical conductivity, and the Draminski Mastitis Detector which is based on electrical resistance. The results showed that the Draminski Mastitis Detector had a poor level of compatibility with the Breed method as the golden standard (Kappa value 0,013) and the Milkchecker tool (Kappa value 0,036). This test equipment is also considered to have poor test performance in diagnosing cases of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle with a sensitivity value of 3,5%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value 100%, negative predictive value 18,8%, estimated prevalence 2,9 %, and the true prevalence was 81,7%. The conclusion of this study is that the Draminski Mastitis Detector cannot be used to replace the Breed method and Milkchecker as a screening test for the detection of subclinical mastitis in dairy cattle in Indonesia which are generally reared in a conventional way (people’s farms).
Keyword: Draminski, mastitis subklinis, metode Breed, Milkchecker, sapi perah

Judul: Sintesis Krisin dari Floroglusinol
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, widely distributed in vascular plants. Flavones containing hydroxyl groups at 5 and 7 position are quite important regarding their biological activities and their abiquity in nature. Flavone having hydroxyl groups only at position 5 and 7 or 5,7-dihydroxyflavone is known as chrysin. In this study, crude chrysin had been successfully synthesized in 3 steps from phloroglucinol as starting material. Phloroglucinol was acetylated with acetonitrile and HCl gas, resulting phloroacetophenone amount to 74%. Phloroacetophenone benzoylation with 4.5 equivalents of benzoyl chloride produced tribenzoyl phloroacetophenone in 103–107% of yield and the subsequent Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester by using KOH in dried pyridine produced crude chrysin, with conversion percentage of 71.62%. All synthetic products had been characterized by melting point and spectroscopically.
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