Judul: Mempelajari Beberapa Metode Ekstraksi dan Pemurnian Protease Xanthomonas campestris pathovar glycines 1FL
Abstrak: Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines IFL merupakan salah satu bakteri penghasil protease asli Indonesia. Pemurnian protease ini merupakan salah satu cara untuk dapat melakukan studi-studi lanjutannya seperti mempelajari struktur, komposisi dan UTlltan asam amino, berat molekul protease tersebut. Pada penelitian ini, media fermentasi· yang digunakan untuk produksi protease adalah limbah cair tahu (LeT) yang diambil dari daerah Panaragan, Bogor. Metode pemumian dan ekstraksi yang dilakukan adalah metode dial isis, filtrasi gel dan pengendapan dengan beberapa jenis presipitan.· Presipitan yang digunakan adalah amonium suI fat mumi dan teknis, aseton teknis, PEG (polietilen glikol) dan potimer PEG-dekstran. Amonium sulfat yang digunakan adalah sebesar 40% (b/v), aseton sebesar 1:1,1:2, dan 1:3 (aseton:enzim), dan PEG sebesar 20% dan 30% (b/v). PEG-dekstran dengan konsentrasi dekstran 7.1I% (bib) dan PEG 28.44% (bib) diglinakan sebanyak 0.5 kali vollime filtrat kasar enzim.
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Judul: Pelacakan Gen Protease Serin Pada Beberapa Isolat Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines Asal Indonesia dengan Teknik Hibridasi Southhern
Abstrak: Penggunaan enzim protease dewasa ini di berbagai industri menyebabkan enzim protease memegang peranan penting. Peranannya dalam industri pangan semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan bioteknologi dan aplikasinya yang semakin luas. Dari semua penghasil protease, mikroba merupakan penghasil protease yang paling banyak dikembangkan karena alasan efisiensi dan kemudahan dalam rekayasa genetika. Xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines yang dikenal sebagai bakteri patogen pada tanaman kedelai dalam perkembangan selanjutnya ditemukan sifat-sifat menguntungkan terutama dalam industri pangan karena kemampuannya menghasilkan gum xanthan, xanthomonadin dan protease.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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