Judul: Technical Efficiency Analysis of Semi-Organic Rice Farming in Cigombong Sub-District Bogor District
Abstrak: The development of semi-organic rice in Cigombong Sub-district is quite prospected. Cigombong Sub-district has the largest land area of organic rice in Bogor District and semi-organic rice production has been conducted since 2002. However, semi-organic rice productivity in Cigombong Sub-district is still relatively low due to the inefficiencies in the use of inputs or production factors (such as: land, seed, compost, etc) in farming and inefficiencies that come from internal factors farmers (such as: age, education, experience and so on). The aims of this study are 1) to analyze the factors that influence the production of semi-organic rice farming in Cigombong Sub-district, Bogor District; 2) to analyze the technical efficiency of semi-organic rice farming in Cigombong Sub-district, Bogor District; and 3) to analyze the income of semiorganic rice farming in Cigombong Sub-district, Bogor District. Stochastic Frontier Production function with Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method was used to analyze the problems in this research. The research was done in Cigombong Sub-district Bogor District from January 2013 until December 2013. Respondents in this research were selected by purposive sampling method. This research used cross section data and it was gotten by direct interview to the sample farmers. The research findings showed that land (X1), seed (X2), compost (X3), urea (X4), and labour (X5) had positive significant effect on semi-organic rice production. Land, compost, and urea were significant at 95% level, seed was significant at 90% level, and labour was significant at 85% level. The result also showed that the semi-organic rice farming was technically efficient (mean efficiency was 0.78). Land ownership status was an important factor in technical inefficiency and it significantly increased technical efficiency. Besides, the research also showed that the semi-organic rice farming was profitable (the benefit was Rp3 233 498.09) and feasible to be developed (R/C ratio by cash cost was 1.42 and R/C ratio by total cost was 1.24).
Keyword: farmers income, production factors, stochastic frontier

Judul: Comparative Analysis of Techincal Efficiency of Semi Organic and Conventional Rice Farming in Bogor [Case in Situ Gede and Sindang Barang Villages].
Abstrak: Rice is a sub sector of agriculture and economic that very important and strategics. The needed for food is increasing from year to year. This is because increasing of population. An increasing number of needs caused the government to implement the green revolution program to increase rice productivity. However, the application of green revolution give impact to environmental pollution due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Impact of pollution caused by use of chemicals for agriculture cause people aware with environment and health. West Java is one of Indonesia's rice-producing areas. However, rice cultivation in West Java still use chemical fertilizers and pesticides and several new areas to develop organic farming. Areas that have started organic farming one of them in the city of Bogor, which is in Situ Gede Village, Sindang Barang Village, and Mulyaharja Village.Because there are still many problems to become the organic rice so that only Situ Gede village that is still developing semi organic rice until now. Nevertheless, Bogor city government is developing organic rice farming program again. However, because there are some provisions that must be fulfilled to be organic rice so few producers called the organic rice with semi organic or healthy rice. Production and income of semi organic rice farmers organic not fully in line with expectations. Semi organic rice production is still low (about 5-6 tonnes/ha) so that farmers incomes were low. Besides that, sometimes semi organic rice prices are still the same as conventional rice prices because of marketing uncertain. Indicated that a narrow planting area causing less efficient farmers in cultivation. Organic rice cultivation by semi-organic rice farmers indicated was not efficient due to the high cost of producing organic rice, farmers' income levels are still low, rice production is still below potential output and the price of organic rice that is not much different even with rice conventional. To reach organic rice farming takes time, long proces and sustainable process. This study aims: (1) to analyze the factors that influence semi organic and conventional rice farming, (2) to analyze technical efficiency semi organic and conventional rice farming and (3) to analyze rice farming income between semi organic and conventional rice farming. To answer these research purposes the data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with stochastic frontier Cobb Douglas production function. The estimation results of stochastic frontier production function semi organic rice farming, the production function models considered fit for fulfilling the assumption of Cobb-Douglas. Estimation results of the production function with the MLE method shows that there are three variables with a positive and significant coefficient on rice production is semi organic land area, elements of K and organic pesticides. Land use positively and significantly with the elasticity of 0.994 indicates that the addition of 1% land area will increase rice production amounted to 0.994% with other factors held constant. The elasticity of the element K to the production of 0.005 showed that the addition of elements of K by 1% would increase rice yield by 0.005% with other factors held constant. Botanical pesticides variable positive and significant
Keyword: stochastic frontier, organic farming, production, inefficiency

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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