Judul: Aplikasi Probiotik Komersial pada Budidaya Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.) dalam Sistem Budikdamber
Abstrak: Budidaya ikan lele Clarias sp. dengan sistem budidaya ikan dalam ember atau budikdamber dapat mengatasi keterbatasan lahan budidaya dan penggunaan air. Permasalahan kualitas air budidaya dapat diperbaiki dengan penambahan probiotik, salah satunya probiotik komersial yang memiliki komposisi bakteri Bacillus sp., Lactobacillus sp., Nitrosomonas sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penambahan probiotik komersial dengan dosis berbeda melalui pakan pada ikan lele (Clarias sp.) yang dipelihara dalam sistem budikdamber. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah kontrol (K), 5 mL/kg pakan (P5), 10 mL/kg pakan (P10) dan 15 mL/kg pakan (P15). Parameter yang diamati meliputi tingkat kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversi pakan dan bobot kangkung. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik komersial dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan panjang dan bobot mutlak ikan lele, laju pertumbuhan spesifik serta menurunkan rasio konversi pakan yang berbeda nyata (P<0.05) dengan perlakuan kontrol. Hasil terbaik terdapat pada perlakuan probiotik dengan dosis 15 mL/kg pakan (P15).
Keyword: budikdamber, Clarias sp., probiotics, water spinach

Judul: Penambahan Probiotik dan Prebiotik Komersial pada Sistem Bioflok terhadap Status Kesehatan dan Kinerja Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.)
Abstrak: Penambahan probiotik dan prebiotik pada sistem budidaya ikan diketahui dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan, respons imun, serta menurunkan FCR. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan probiotik komersial dan prebiotik MOS pada sistem bioflok dalam meningkatkan status kesehatan dan kinerja pertumbuhan benih ikan lele (Clarias sp.). Penelitian menggunakan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu BF (ikan dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok), BFPro (ikan dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok dengan penambahan probiotik komersial 0,6 mL m-2 (tiga hari sekali), BFPre (ikan dipelihara dalam sistem bioflok dengan penambahan prebiotik MOS dengan dosis 0,6%). Larva lele dengan panjang rata-rata 0,85±0,03 cm dan bobot rata-rata 0,007±0,00 g dipelihara dengan padat tebar 2.500 ekor m-2 selama 21 hari. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kelimpahan bakteri total, eritrosit total, leukosit total, kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, laju pertumbuhan panjang spesifik, laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, laju pertumbuhan bobot spesifik, rasio konversi pakan, koefisien keragaman, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup. Penambahan probiotik komersial dan prebiotik MOS dalam sistem bioflok dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan status kesehatan benih ikan lele. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan dengan penambahan probiotik komersial dengan nilai tingkat kelangsungan hidup mencapai 50%, serta gambaran darah yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya., The addition of probiotics and prebiotics to fish farming systems is known to increase growth, immune response, and reduce feed conversion ratio (FCR). This research aims to analyze the effect of adding commercial probiotics and MOS prebiotics to the biofloc system in improving the health status and growth performance of catfish (Clarias sp.) juveniles. The research used three treatments and three replications, namely BF (fish reared in a biofloc system), BFPro (fish reared in a biofloc system with the addition of commercial probiotics 0.6 mL m-2 every three days), BFPre (fish reared in a biofloc system with the addition of prebiotic MOS at a dose of 0.6%). Catfish larvae with an average length of 0.85±0.03 cm and an average weight of 0.007±0.00 g were reared at a stocking density of 2,500 m-2 for 21 days. The parameters observed were total bacterial abundance, total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, hemoglobin content, hematocrit content, absolute length growth rate, specific length growth rate, absolute weight growth rate,specific weight growth rate, feed conversion ratio, diversity coefficient, and survival rate. The addition of commercial probiotics and MOS prebiotics in the biofloc system can improve the growth performance and health status of catfish seeds. The best results were obtained in the treatment with the addition of commercial probiotics with a survival rate of up to 50%, as well as a better blood picture compared to other treatments.
Keyword: biofloc, Clarias sp., growth, prebiotic, probiotic

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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