Judul: Keragaman Mikroba di Contoh Limbah Bulu Ayam dan Hasil Samping Organ Jeroan dari Rumah Pemotongan Hewan Unggas.
Abstrak: Rumah pemotongan hewan unggas menghasilkan hasil samping seperti jeroan dan limbah bulu yang mudah tercemar oleh jasad renik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengenali populasi jasad renik seperti bakteri dan cendawan pada contoh limbah bulu ayam dan hasil samping jeroan yang diperoleh dari rumah pemotongan hewan unggas. Bakteri dan cendawan diisolasi dari contoh jeroan dan bulu ayam. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan secara acak sebanyak tiga kali pengambilan. Pemeriksaan bakteri dilakukan berupa pemeriksaan angka lempeng total, bakteri bentuk koli, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Salmonella sp., sedangkan pemeriksaan cendawan dilakukan dengan subkultur untuk mengenali kapang dan khamir. Bakteri yang terisolasi yaitu bakteri bentuk koli, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp., Staphylococcus sp., dan Staphylococcus aureus. Cendawan yang terisolasi yaitu Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus niger, Geotrichum sp., Penicillium sp., dan Candida albicans.
Keyword: jasad renik, jasad renik pencemar, jeroan ayam, bulu ayam, RPH-U

Judul: Isolasi dan Seleksi Bakteri Pencerna Serat Asal Rumen Kerbau Berdasarkan Pertumbuhannya pada Berbagai Pakan Sumber Serat
Abstrak: Pakan sumber serat merupakan komponen utama pakan ternak ruminansia. Pemberian pakan sumber serat pada ternak ruminansia muda dapat merangsang pertumbuhan mikroba dan perkembangan rumen. Kendala yang sering ditemui pada ternak ruminansia muda yaitu diare akibat ketidaksiapan rumen pedet terhadap pakan berserat dan infeksi virus, bakteri atau protozoa. Inokulasi mikroba pencerna serat pada ruminansia muda diharapkan dapat mempercepat masa adaptasi ternak terhadap pakan sumber serat sehingga dapat mencegah terjadinya diare dan menekan mikroorganisme patogen penyebab diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyeleksi mikroba pencerna serat asal kerbau karena kerbau merupakan ternak ruminansia yang dapat mencerna serat kasar lebih efisien dibandingkan sapi. Bakteri dari tiga cairan rumen kerbau (A, B dan C) yang berasal dari wilayah kering, Jonggol, telah diseleksi. Bakteri terseleksi ditumbuhkan pada media dan diinkubasi selama tiga hari pada suhu 39 oC. Alang-alang, serat sawit dan jerami padi telah digunakan sebagai media sumber serat. Koloni yang tumbuh dan mengandung bakteri yang seragam diseleksi dan dimurnikan sebagai suatu isolat. Peubah yang diamati adalah jumlah bakteri (OD 600 nm), aktivitas enzim selulase, pola pertumbuhan dan tingkat pertumbuhan konstan (μ) isolat tersebut. Perlakuan dialokasikan dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap berpola faktorial 17 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan bila berbeda nyata dilakukan uji jarak Duncan.
Keyword: ruminants, microbial growth, rumen development, virus infection, Inoculation fiber-digesting microbes, Complete Random Design, analysis of variance

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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