Judul: Expansion of  Mining Sector Type C, Social Stratification,  Farmer Household Livelihood Strategies (Case in the Stone Mining Industry in Batujajar Village, Cigudeg District, Bogor Regency)
Abstrak: Ekspansi perusahaan pertambangan di wilayah pedesaan telah menjadi penyebab pada perubahan kondisi ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan di desa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terkait dengan aktivitas pertambangan galian C dan dampaknya di Desa Batujajar, Kecamatan Cigudeg, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis pelapisan sosial komunitas petani dan strategi nafkah yang dilakukan oleh rumah tangga petani di Desa Batujajar sebagai respon atas dampak ekspansi perusahaan pertambangan. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan data yang dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 50 orang responden serta pendekatan kualitatif dengan data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas pertambangan batu telah berdampak pada perubahan kondisi ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan di Desa Batujajar. Selain itu, hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan antara pelapisan sosial dengan tingkat keragaman bentuk strategi nafkah yang dilakukan oleh rumah tangga petani responden. Kata kunci: pelapisan sosial, pertambangan dan penggalian, rumah tangga petani, strategi nafkah
Keyword: farmer household, livelihood strategy, mining and quarrying, social stratification

Judul: Dampak aktivitas pertambangan bahan galian golongan c terhadap kondisi kehidupan masyarakat desa (analisis sosio-ekonomi dan sosio-ekologi masyarakat Desa Cipinang, Kecamatan Rumpin, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Mining activities is a natural resource mining dredging activities of contained in the soil. This mining activities in its implementation will give positive and negative impact on sosio-economic and sosio-ecological aspect for the local community. The purpose of this study is 1) to explain the sosio-economic impacts of mining activities and 2) to explain the sosio-ecological impacts of mining activities. This research metode uses a quantitative approach supported by the use of qualitative approach. Primary data obtained from the interviews and questionnaires, while secondary data obtained from the documentation and study of literature. The data generated using of cross tabulation and frequency tables and descriptive analysis. The selection of respondents using of cluster sampling techniques to select two different village is Kampung Joglo and Kampung Gunung Cabe. The choice of location is based on mining the large number of industrial plants to see an impact on the agricultural sector. The result of this research showed that in general, in Kampung Joglo and Kampung Gunung Cabe, mining activities gives a negative impacts on socio-economic and sosio-ecological aspects. On sosio-economic aspect are seen in the declining level of the employment in agriculture due to the limited area of agricultural land owned by the local community. Meanwhile, the level of non-agricultural employment opportunities have increased in line with the opening of employment opportunities in the mining sector. The occurens conflicts between local communities with the company caused by the changes of environmental conditions. On sosio-ecological aspect is the occurens changes of the air, a disturbance on the condition of water resources, noise pollution is caused by blasting activities and mineral transport trucks. In addition, still many community members who suffers from respiratory tract such as shortness of breath, caugh, colds and diarrhea.
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Judul: Antibodi anti-idiotipe sebagai kandidat vaksin rabies, Anti-idiotype andibody as a rabies vaccine candidate
Abstrak: Anti rabies serum (ARS) called antibody 1 (Ab1) was used as the antigen to immunize laying chickens. Anti-Ab1 chicken immunoglobulins (IgY), the antiidiotype antibodies against rabies (Ab2) was isolated from chicken blood every week for ten weeks. The highest titer of Ab2 was found at the third week after the last immunization. Immunoglobulin Y was separated by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, then dialyzed using PBS pH 8.0 for 24 hours at 2 – 8 oC and purified using affinity chromatography column for IgY lead the proteins molecules with 185,000; 95,000 and 49,000 dalton in weigth. Purified IgY was used to immunize New Zealand White rabbit and the antibody response (Ab3) was detected using Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT). The Ab3 showed specific reaction with Ab2 as well as rabies virus. Interestingly, Ab2 and rabies virus express partial identity reaction. This lead the insight, that not all parts of Ab2 are internal image of rabies virus. The efficacy of Ab3 was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indicated that the level of Ab3 titer is protective according to WHO standard (more than 0.5 IU/ml). The conclusion of this study is the anti-idiotype antibody can induce protective immune response against rabies virus and can be used as an alternative for rabies anti-idiotype vaccine. Key words : anti-idiotype vaccine, antibody, rabies
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