Judul: Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Fragmen Gen LEAFY dari Bantalan Bunga Kakao
Abstrak: Cocoa plant productivity in Indonesia is still low. Information and knowledge at the molecular level about the process of development of regenerative organs of cocoa can be an effective solution to problems associated with the regenerative low productivity of cocoa plants.LEAFY gen is key gene in the shoot meristem transition to flower one. The purposes of the research were to isolate LEAFY gene from cacao’s flower cushion and analyse its expresion in several cacao’s tissues. Isolation of LEAFY gene using Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique showed that three spesific primer pairs designed based conserved area can amplify the target gene. Futhermore this fragment were inserted into pGEM-T Easy vector then transformed into competent cell E. Coli XL-1 Blue. The result of bioinformatic analysis showed that the fragment of target gene has a high homology to LEAFY gene of other plants in gene bank’s database. Characterization of target gene was initiated with RNA isolation phase from several cacao’s tissues then those were amplified with RT-PCR technique. Amplification at 62 ºC of annealing temperature for 33 cycles was successful to show the existence of LEAFY gene in several cacao’s tissues isolated.
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Judul: Isolasi Promotor Gen LFY pada Tanaman Theobroma cacao L. dengan Teknik Genome WalkingTM
Abstrak: Cacao is one of the main agricultural commodities in Indonesia. Unfortunately, there are many obstacles faced by Indonesian cacao farmers, which results in the low cacao productivity. A major obstacle is the cherelle wilt disease. This disease is affected by the central flowering gene (gene LFY), whose expression level is regulated by its promoter. The objective of this research is to isolate the promoter of gene LFY, to then be cloned into its cloning and expression vectors. The promoter isolation was done from a young cacao leaf. The DNA in the leaf was extracted first, and then the promoter was isolated using Genome WalkingTM technique. Subsequently, the sequencing method and Softberry software were utilized to determine the promoter’s nucleotides. The result, which was then confirmed by TATA box, proved the existence of gene LFY promoter fragment. A fragment of 1650 bp size was then cloned into cloning and expression vectors: pGEM-T Easy and pCambia 1303. Next, the plasmid of the recombinant DNA was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens using the AGLO strain. The conclusion of this research is that the gene LFY promoter of Theobroma cacao L. can be isolated using the Genome WalkingTM method, enabling more information on the occurence of cherelle wilt on cacao plants.
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik