Judul: Harvesting Management of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera
Abstrak: Panen merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang penting pada pengelolaan tanaman kelapa sawit. Keberhasilan panen dicapai dengan menghasilkan produktivitas tandan buah yang tinggi dengan kandungan rendemen minyak yang tinggi serta kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) yang rendah sehingga manajemen panen harus dilaksanakan secara optimal. Kegiatan magang mempelajari manajemen pemanenan kelapa sawit yaitu perencanaan panen, pengorganisasian panen, pelaksanaan panen, dan evaluasi panen. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Negeri Lama Selatan, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, Sumatera Utara mulai bulan Januari hingga Mei 2022. Kegiatan magang bekerja secara langsung sebagai pekerja harian lepas (PHL), pendamping mandor, dan pendamping asisten afdeling untuk mempelajari aspek teknis dan manajerial. Manajemen panen merupakan aspek khusus yang diamati dalam kegiatan magang. Rotasi panen terpanjang mencapai 13 hari, sedangkan standar perusahaan adalah 10 hari. Penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) tergolong cukup baik. Kapasitas panen terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan karena pekerja memperoleh basis harian yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata AKP sebesar 20,18% dan rata-rata varian sebesar 2,41%. Kebutuhan tenaga panen diperoleh taksasi sebesar 15,61 dan realisasi sebesar 14,20. Transportasi panen relatif singkat dengan rata-rata waktu yang ditempuh 12,13 menit, rata-rata jarak 2,16 km, dan rata-rata kecepatan 10,88 km jam-1. Persentase mutu buah sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dengan tidak ada buah mentah, buah matang 96,74%, buah terlalu matang 2,55%, dan buah busuk 1,71%. Kehilangan hasil di lapangan sebesar 1,88 butir pokok-1. Penerapan sistem evaluasi, denda, dan premi panen dilakukan untuk menjaga tercapainya basis dan kualitas panen., Harvesting is one of the most important activities in oil palm management. Successful harvesting is achieved by producing high fruit bunch productivity with high oil yield and low free fatty acid (FFE) content, so harvest management must be carried out optimally. The internship studies oil palm harvesting management, namely harvest planning, harvest organization, harvest implementation, and harvest evaluation. The internship was carried out at Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera from January to May 2022. Interns work directly as casual daily workers, accompanying field supervisor, and accompanying afdeling assistant to learn technical and managerial aspects. Harvest management is a specific aspect observed in the internship. The longest harvest rotation reached 13 days, while the company standard is 10 days. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is quite good. There is a significant difference in harvesting capacity because workers get a set daily basis. The average plant harvest density (AKP) is 20.18% and the average variance is 2.41%. The demand for harvesters was estimated at 15.61 and realized at 14.20. Harvest transportation is relatively short, with an average time taken of 12.13 minutes, an average distance of 2.16 km, and an average speed of 10.88 km h-1. The percentage of fruit quality is in accordance with company standards, with no unripe fruit, 96.74% ripe fruit, 2.55% overripe fruit, and 1.71% rotten fruit. The yield loss in the field was 1.88 loose fruit plant-1. A system of evaluation, penalty, and harvest reward was implemented to maintain the achievement of yield basis and quality.
Keyword: harvest labor, harvest maturity criteria, harvest rotation, yield loss

Judul: Harvest Management of Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) at Adolina Estate PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Serdang Bedagai, North Sumatera
Abstrak: Kelapa sawit merupakan komoditas peringkat pertama dalam menyumbang devisa negara yang ditunjang oleh luas areal budidaya tertinggi daripada komoditas yang lain. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Adolina, PTPN IV, Sumatera Utara. Magang ini bertujuan meningkatkan pengetahuan dan kemampuan teknis maupun manajerial dalam melaksanakan budidaya kelapa sawit khususnya pemanenan. Data dan informasi yang diperoleh diolah secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa angka kerapatan panen (AKP) maupun taksasi sesuai dengan rencana dan kapasitas panen pokok tahun tanam 2016 dan 1997 sesuai dengan standar (600 kg dan 1000 kg) dengan hasil tidak berbeda nyata pada taraf 95%, sedangkan kapasistas panen pokok tahun tanam 2005 berbeda nyata pada taraf 5% dengan ketercapaian kapasitas melebihi standar (1500 kg). Transportasi panen sudah memenuhi standar dengan menyelesaikan pengangkutan buah kurang dari sehari. Realisasi rotasi panen cenderung lebih cepat 1─3 hari dari rencana yang menyebabkan adanya 1% buah mentah yang terpanen pada pokok tahun tanam 2005. Mutu buah yang dihasilkan belum mencapai standar 100% matang, yang mana pokok tahun tanam 2016 dan 2005 menghasilkan 86,7% dan 95% matang. Efisiensi mutu hanca pokok tahun tanam 2016 yaitu 93,7% sehingga perlu ditingkatkan sampai 100%. Rata-rata realisasi kebutuhan tenaga kerja per hari yaitu 19,7 pemanen yang lebih rendah dari rencana yaitu 22,6 pemanen, sehingga membutuhkan penambahan 2─3 tenaga kerja. Kekurangan tenaga kerja tersebut masih dapat ditutupi oleh kapasitas pemanen yang tinggi dengan ketercapaian rata-rata 1413,3 kg sedangkan standar rata-rata 1033,3 kg. Penggunaan alat pelindung diri helm dan sepatu boot sudah baik dengan 100% pemanen menggunakannya, namun pada penggunaan kacamata mencapai 95,4% sehingga memerlukan peningkatan untuk menjamin keselamatan kerja., Oil palm is a leading commodity with highest contribution to the nation’s trade income and has the widest span of cultivation area compared to other commodities. Internship was conducted in Adolina estate, PTPN IV, North Sumatra. This internship aimed to improve knowledge, technical and managerial skills in oil palm cultivation operation, especially during harvest. The data and information obtained were processed qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the observations showed that the harvest density and taxation were compliance with the initially plan and harvest capacity for the 2016 and 1997 planting years were in accordance with the standards (600 kg and 1000 kg); the results not significantly different at the 95% level, while the harvest capacity for the 2005 planting year was significantly different at the 5% level with the achievement of capacity exceeding the standard (1500 kg). Harvest transportation has met the standard by completing the transport of fruit in less than a day. The realization of crop rotation tends to be 1─3 days faster than the plan which caused 1% of unripe fruit to be harvested in the 2005 planting year. The quality of the fruit produced has not reached the 100% standard of ripe, in which the 2016 and 2005 cropping years yielded 86.7%. and 95% ripe. Quality efficiency of hanca (harvest area) at trees with planting year of 2016 were only 93.7%, thus requiring an improvement in order to reach 100% efficiency. The average realization of the need for workers per day was 19.7 people, lower than the initially
Keyword: palm oil, harvesting, rotation, Workers

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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