Judul: Studi Perbandingan Pendapatan Peternak Sapi Perah Kredit Koperasi Dan Non Kredit Pada Koperasi Peternakan Bandung Selatan Di Pengalengan
Abstrak: Tujuan penlitian ini adalah membandingkan pendapatan hasil penjualan susu selama sebulan (Januari 1981) dari kelompok peternakan kredit koperasi dan peternak non kredit dan juga untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan hasil penjualan susu pada kedua kelompok peternak tersebut.
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Judul: Tinjauan umum keadaan koperasi dan analisa ratio pada koperasi peternakan Bandung Selatan di Pangalengan
Abstrak: Suatu penelitian untuk melihat keadaan kegiatan Koperasi dan menganalisa dari laporan keuangan pada Koperasi Peternakan Bandung Selatan di Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, telah dilaksanakan sejak tanggal 7 Februari sampai tanggal 3 Maret 1982. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan gambaran tentang usaha Koperasi ditinjau dari sudut Koperasi sebagai sebuah perusahaan, serta meninjau keadaan umum kegiatan Koperasi. Dari hasil pengamatan, kegiatan umum Koperasi Peternakan Bandung Selatan adalah menerima produksi susu dari anggota dan memasarkan ke pabrik-pabrik pengolahan susu ataupun ke konsumen melalui Milk Treatment, menyediakan kebutuhan ternak dan peternak anggota Koperasi serta menyalurkan kredit-kredit sapi perah baik kredit Koperasi maupun kredit PUSP. Hasil dari analisa Likwiditas, Current Ratio menun- jukkan nilai yang baik, dengan demikian Hutang Lancar atau Hutang Jangka Pendek dapat dilunasi dengan Aktiva Lancar. Sedangkan untuk Acid Test Ratio dan Cash Ratio menunjukkan nilai yang semakin menurun, hal ini disebabkan semakin banyaknya Hutang Lancar.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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