Judul: Impact of Growing Media and Watering Frequency to Improve Visual and Functional Quality of Golf Grass (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz.)
Abstrak: Golf merupakan olahraga yang telah berkembang dan mementingkan kualitas turfgrass. Media turfgrass umumnya didominasi oleh pasir yang memiliki permeabilitas tinggi sehingga menyebabkan penyiraman menjadi tidak efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan bentonit pada media tanam pasir dan perbedaan frekuensi penyiraman terhadap kualitas visual dan fungsional rumput paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz.) Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Faktorial Acak Kelompok dengan dua faktor perlakuan. Faktor pertama adalah media tanam dengan penambahan bentonit pada media pasir yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu 100% pasir (B0), 87,5% pasir + 12,5% bentonit (B1), 75% pasir + 25% bentonit (B2). Faktor kedua adalah frekuensi penyiraman yang terdiri dari 3 taraf yaitu setiap hari, dua hari sekali, dan tiga hari sekali, dengan volume air 400 ml/pot. Percobaan ini merupakan percobaan pot menggunakan tiga ulangan blok dengan 27 satuan percobaan. Penelitian ini dilaksakan dari bukan Januari hingga April 2022 yang berlokasi di rumah kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, IPB University. Perlakuan campuran media tanam dan frekuensi penyiraman memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap seluruh peubah pengamatan. Sementara itu pengaruh interaksi tidak nyata terhadap seluruh peubah pengamatan. Terdapat dua perlakuan terbaik yaitu media pasir 87,5% + bentonit 12,5% dengan penyiraman setiap hari (B1A1) dan perlakuan media pasir 87,5% + bentonit 12,5% dengan penyiraman setiap dua hari (B1A2). Pada perlakuan media pasir 87,5% + bentonit 12,5% dengan penyiraman setiap hari (B1A1) menghasilkan kualitas visual dan fungsional terbaik pada persentase penutupan tajuk, tinggi rumput, kepadatan pucuk dan bobot kering pangkasan. Sementara itu perlakuan media pasir 87,5% + bentonit 12,5% dengan penyiraman setiap dua hari (B1A2) menghasilkan kualitas visual dan fungsional terbaik pada warna daun, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, panjang akar, dan efisiensi penggunaan air (EPAI). Oleh karena itu perlakuan media pasir 87,5% + bentonit 12,5% dengan frekuensi penyiraman setiap dua hari (B1A2) direkomenasikan untuk digunakan di lapangan golf sehingga lebih efisien dalam penggunaan air penyiraman., Golf is a sport that has developed and emphasized with the quality of turfgrass. Turfgrass media are generally dominated by sand causing highpermeability of media that it caused watering becomes inefficient. This study examine the effect of addition of bentonit to sand growing media and different frequencies of watering to the visual and functional quality of paspalum grass (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz.). The experiment was arranged in Factorial Randomized Block Design with two treatments factor. The first factor was growing media with addition of bentonit which consists of three levels is 100% sand (B0), 87,5% sand + 12,5% bentonit (B1), and 75% sand + 25% bentonit (B2). Second factor was frequencies of watering which consisted of three levels namely every day (A1), every two days (A2), and every three days (A3) with water volume of 400 ml/pot. This experiment used three replications, so that there were 27 units experiment. This study was condicted from January to April 2022, located in the Cikabayan Experimental Garden greenhouse, IPB University. The treatment of growing media and frequencies of watering gave significant results to all variables observation. Best treatments was found in growing media sand 87.5% + bentonit 12.5% with a daily watering (B1A1) and treatment of growing media sand 87.5% + bentonit
Keyword: Bentonit, Golf, Paspalum Grass, Visual and Functional Quality, Watering Frequency

Judul: Penambahan Bentonit dan Frekuensi Penyiraman untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Visual dan Fungsional Rumput Bermuda (Cynodon dactylon var evergreen).
Abstrak: Golf courses are generally dominated by sand as growing media. As a result, high-permeability media so that watering becomes inefficient. This research was conducted to study the effect of the addition of bentonite and frequency of irrigation to improving visual and functional quality of bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon var evergreen). Experiments using factorial completely randomized design with two treatment factors. The first factor is the addition of bentonite which consists of three levels ie 100% sand, 87.5% + 12.5% sand bentonite 25 mesh, and 75% sand + 25% bentonite 25 mesh. The second factor is the frequency of irrigation which consists of three levels ie every day, every two days, every three dayswith a volume of 400 ml / basin. This experiment uses three replications, so that there are 27 units experiment. Treatment of growing media mix with the irrigation frequency give significantly different results against all variables observation. Combination treatment media mix bentonite sand 75% + 25% with irrigation frequency of once every two days produce the best visual quality at the variable crown cover, shoot density and color of the leaves. Combination treatment media mix sand bentonite 87.5% + 12.5% with irrigation frequency of once every two days produce the best visual quality and functional at high variable grass, clipping dry weight, shoot dry weight, as well as on the efficiency of irrigation water use (EPAI). Combination treatment of a mixture of sand 75% + 25% bentonite with irrigation frequency of once every three days produce the best functional quality at the variable root dry weight and root length.
Keyword: bentonite, irrigation, functional quality, visual quality, bermuda grass

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship