Judul: Mempelajari Penggunaan Kromatografi Kolom untuk Deklorofilasi Ekstrak Antioksidan Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle Linn.)
Abstrak: Daun sirih telah diketahui mempunyai potensi untuk dikembangkan menjadi sumber antioksidan alami. Hal ini didasarkan pada beberapa penelitian yang menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak antioksidan daun sirih rnempunyai aktivitas antioksidasi yang lebih tinggi dari BHA pada konsentrasi 200 ppm (Cahyono, 1995). Akan tetapi, ekstrak ini mempunyai warna yang hijau pekat. Warna ini diduga berasal dari klorofil yang ikut terekstrak. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini dilakukan deklorofilasi (penghilangan klorofil) dari ekstrak dengan menggunakan kromatografi kolom sehingga didapat ekstrak yang tidak berwarna dan tetap mempunyai aktivitas antioksidasi yang tinggi.
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Judul: Fraksinasi Antioksidan Daun Sirih (Piper betle Linn.) dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis
Abstrak: Penambahan antioksidan pada lemak dan minyak maupun baban pangan yang mengandung lemak dan minyak merupakan cara yang paling efektif untuk mencegah oksidasi lemak. Selama ini antioksidan yang digunakan secara luas dalam industri pangan adalah antioksidan sintetik yang banyak menimbulkan kekhawatiran akan efek toksiknya. Oleh karena itu, pencarian antioksidan dari sumber alami giat dilakukan karena dianggap lebih aman untuk dikonsumsi. Salah satu bahan alami yang telah diketahui mengandung antioksidan adalah daun sirih.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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