Judul: Teknik pencitraan ultrasonografi hati, ginjal, pankreas, dan kantung kemih pada babi (Sus scrofa domestica)
Abstrak: The purpose in this study was to determine the proper technique and location to examine liver, kidney, pancreas, and bladder in pig (Sus scrofa domestica). Pigs used were five males and three females. Ultrasound was performed using a 5.5 MHz convex transducer at the transversal and sagittal position. The transducer position for pancreas examination was between the third and fourth mamary gland, the right kidney between the third and fourth pair of mamary gland, the left kidney between the second and third pair of mamary gland, and the bladder between sixth and seventh pair of mamary gland. Liver examinations were divided into three parts: central, right, and left. The transducer position to examine the liver was between the first and second mammary gland pair, with a certain angle depending on the parts of the liver. The best angle for the imaging of the central part of the liver was 45° in transversal position and 60° to 75° in sagittal position, while the angle for best imaging of right part of the liver was 60° to 75° in transversal position and 45° to 60° in sagittal position. The left part of the liver was not visible due to the pig stomach. The proper technique and location in ultrasonography examination is important to get the best imaging.
Keyword: 

Judul: Morfometri Struktur Internal Organ Ginjal, Aorta Abdominalis, dan Kantung kemih pada Babi (Sus scrofa domestica)
Abstrak: This study aimed to know the internal structure morphometry of the kidney, abdominal aorta, and bladder on pig (Sus scrofa domestica), therefore the data can be used to be the reference of position, form, echogenicity, and size of the organ. An ultrasound performed on six pigs, three males and three females with body weight 25.0-31.0 kg. Physical examination and blood analysis were done to make sure the pig in a healthy condition. Ultrasound of the kidney and abdominal aorta observed in lateral recumbency position, whereas the bladder were observed on the dorsal recumbency position. Ultrasound was performed using a 5.5 MHz convex transducer at the transversal and sagittal position. Results of the right kidney was 7.02±0.40 cm in length, 2.74±0.08 cm in height, and 4.51±0.27 cm in width, for the left kidney was 6.64±0.72 cm in length, 2.59±0.09 cm in height, and 3.44±0.32 cm in width. Diameter results of the abdominal aorta was 1.00±0.14 cm. The maximum length of the kidneys and the diameter of the abdominal aorta were compared to get the ratio value. The ratio value results was 1:7.02 for the right kidney and 1:6.64 for the left kidney. Wall thickness results of bladder in sagittal view was 0.26±0.12 cm and in transversal view was 0.25±0.10 cm. The results of this research can be a normal data for the size of the kidneys, abdominal aorta, and bladder on a pig.
Keyword: 

Judul: Peranan Pemiimpin Formal dalam Menggerakkan Partisipasi Masyarakat terhadap Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM)
Abstrak: Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dewan lnternasional Pengembangan Pendidikan (me International Central of Educational Development) da n UNESCO mengungkapkan bahwa negam-negara berkembang umumnya mernpunyai masalah yang terkait dengan peningkatan dan pendapatan yang menjadi dasar penting bagi pendidikan masyarakat. Dengan dernikian perlu diadakannya program pernbangunan pendidikan baik melalui pendidikan fomal maupun pendidikan nonformal. Dalam hal ini lebih ditekankan kepada pendidikan non formal, sehingga memunculkan ide Community Learning centre (CLC).
Keyword: