Judul: Perubahan struktur dalam ekonomi dan hubungannya dengan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan: kasus Indonesia
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian: (a) mengukur dan menganalisis per- ubahan struktur ekonomi, dan (b) mengukur dan menganalisis pengaruh-pengaruh sektoral terhadap ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan dalam ekonomi keseluruhan. milik Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dan sekunder yang sudah tersedia di Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS). Jakar- ta sehingga cara pengambilan data dan populasi seluruhnya mengikuti apa yang sudah dikerjakan oleh BPS. Tujuan pertama dicapai dengan jalan membandingkan po- la perubahan struktur ekonomi Indonesia dengan variasi normal perubahan struktur dalam pembangunan ekonomi yang diprediksikan oleh Chenery dan Syrquin (1975). Tujuan ke- dua menggunakan teknik dekomposisi fungsi distribusi pen- dapatan dari Kuo (1975). Variasi normal dari Chenery dan Syrquin mempunyai 3 proses utama yang dibagi lagi atas 10 proses basis. Sepu- luh proses basis ini didefinisikan lagi atas 27 variabel analisis. Besaran dari masing-masing variabel bersifat u- nik untuk setiap level pendapatan per kapita dari <US$100 (mean: US$75) sampai dengan >US$1000 (mean: US$1500). Va- riasi besaran dari masing-masing variabel untuk setiap le- vel pendapatan per kapita itulah yang disebut sebagai riasi normal yang merupakan material pembanding untuk va- me- nilai pola perubahan struktur di Indonesia. Hasil peneli- tian menunjukkan bahwa, secara umum, arah dari perubahan variabel-variabel dalam struktur ekonomi Indonesia sudah normal: contoh, tabungan sudah pada arah yang meningkat, investasi juga demikian, angka kelahiran sudah menurun. dan ketimpangan distribusi pendapatan juga sudah berku- rang. Tetapi, kalau besaran dari masing-masing variabel struktural dibanding-bandingkan. ternyata ada perbedaan. taraf pertumbuhan di antara mereka yang sangat menyolok. dst ...
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Judul: The Impact of Changing Economic Structure on Distribution Income Inequality In Indonesia
Abstrak: Economic development does not solely pursuit the economic growth, but it must also create a more equitable distribution of income among the people. During 2002-2011, both at nationally and at the provincial level, the level of income distribution inequality in Indonesia remains high and continues to increase. Even in 2011 the Indonesian average gini index reached 0.41 which is the highest gini index that Indonesia has. Mean while, the Indonesian economy has been undergoing structural changes, which is marked by the declining of the primary sector’s contribution and the increasing contribution of other sectors. It can be seen from the data of Indonesian GDP during the 2002 to 2011 period. Most provinces in Indonesia experienced changes of contribution and some provinces had changes of the dominant sectors, although there are some provinces which had not experienced a change in their economic structure. Based on the problems mentioned above, this study’s aims are: 1) analyze the pattern of changes in the economic structure and the pattern of income distribution in Indonesia, and 2) to analyze the impact of changes in the economic structure on the income distribution in Indonesia. This study uses secondary data from Indonesian BPS and other relevant sources. The analyzed data were in the form of panel data which were derived from the period in 2002-2011 and from 33 provinces in Indonesia. The data used are the GDP, GRDP, Susenas, GRDP per capita, gini index, economic growth, and other supporting data. This study uses descriptive and static panel data regression analysis. Economic structure are grouped into three main sectors, namely: 1) the primary sector, which consists of subsector of agriculture, mining and quarrying; 2) the secondary sector, which consists of subsector of processing industry, electricity, natural gas, water and construction; 3) the tertiary sector, which consists of subsector of trade, hotels and restaurants, transport and communications, finance, business services, and other services. The provinces are grouped into developed and developing regions. Provinces with the per capita income above the national are categorized as developed, while some other provinces with per capita income below the national are categorized as developing. During the 10 years period from 2002 to 2011, there wasn’t any change in the economic structure based on the dominant sector in Indonesia. The tertiary sector was still dominating, followed by the secondary and primary sector. Hence there were economic structural changes based on their contribution in each sector with a tendency of increasing in tertiary sector and declining in primary sector. In contrast to what happened nationally, at the provincial level, there were economic structural changes both in terms of dominance and sectoral relative contribution during that period. All provinces in Indonesia experienced economic structural changes in terms of contribution, while based on dominant sector, there were some provinces that experienced changes in economic structure, both in the developed and developing regions. In developing areas, the economic structural change occurred all sectors from the primary sectors to the tertiary sectors, with a pattern of declining in primary sectors, increasing in tertiary sectors and relatively constant in the secondary sectors.
Keyword: Changes in economic structure, income distribution, inequality, gini index, the data panel, fixed effect model

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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