Judul: Identifikasi Genus Python menggunakan Gen Cyt β sebagai Marka Spesifik.
Abstrak: Pengembangan teknik identifikasi tingkat genus pada produk asal hewan dapat menjamin keaslian produk dan melindungi konsumen dari pemalsuan. Polymerase Chain Reaction adalah teknik genetika molekuler yang terjadi secara in vitro yang memungkinkan sintesis enzimatik dalam jumlah besar dari wilayah DNA yang ditargetkan secara eksponensial. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pembuktian spesies ular menggunakan marka spesifik berbasis gen cytochrome β (Cyt β). Sumber DNA yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa sampel darah dan daging yang berasal dari Python reticulatus, Ahaetulla prasina, Gallus gallus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Bos indicus, dan Bubalus bubalis. Perancangan primer menggunakan software MEGA 7 dan ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode fenol kloroform. Primer python hasil rancangan terbukti spesifik dengan teramplifikasinya DNA python sepanjang 195 pb dan tidak teramplifikasinya DNA Ahaetulla prasina, Gallus gallus, Ovis aries, Capra hircus, Bos indicus, dan Bubalus bubalis. Hierarki taksonomi python dan ahaetulla sudah dapat dibedakan sampai pada tingkat genus dengan menggunakan primer hasil rancangan berbasis gen cytochrome β.
Keyword: cytochrome β, primer, python

Judul: Using cytochrome β (Cyt β) gene for species identification of dog, cat, and tiger to ensure food authenticity and drugs
Abstrak: Adulteration food products from animal still happen until now. Species identification method development in food and medicine derived from animal was needed to prevent falsification information. Molecular genetic improvement allows the detection is carried out at the level of DNA, so the results more accurate, although processed. Research on several meat have been conducted by several researchers using DNA mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Using mtDNA because it has high copy number in a cell, compared with nuclear DNA. In this case where the amount of extracted DNA is very small or degraded. Gene used as marker specific species is cytochrome β (cyt β) because it has varied sequences. The objective of this research was to study species authentication (i.e. dog, cat, and tiger) to ensure animal origin in product using cyt β gene specific marker. Total DNA samples for each species which identified are three samples were consisting blood (cat), cooked meat (dog), feces (tiger), and as a comparison used blood sample from several animal (i.e. goat, chicken, cattle, sheep, horse, rat) and pork. Reverse primer specific for dog, cat, and tiger was designed using MEGA 5 software. DNA extraction and fragment amplification was conducted using phenol-chloroform and multiplex PCR method, respectively. Multiplex PCR is a variant of PCR which many primers were used together for amplification of multiple region. This research showed that different length of amplification for the species tested (dog, cat, and tiger) were 523, 331, 319 bp, respectively; and for the comparison species (goat, chicken, cattle, sheep, pig, horse, and rat) were 157, 227, 274, 331, 398, 439, and 603 bp, respectively. Species specificity also indicated by high reverse primer homology percentage. Specific fragment amplification on genome pool with closed fragment length should be separate to avoid band overlapped between species. Taxonomy hierarchy (i.e. dog, cat, and tiger) could be distinguished to the species level.
Keyword: cat, cytochrome β gene, dog, multiplex PCR, tiger

Judul: Numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring in front of impermeable breakwater with different steepnesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters. A two-dimensional hydrodynamics model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed and then combined with an empirical sediment transport model. Comparisons with an analytical solution and experimental data showed the present model is very accurate in predicting the near bottom velocity and capable of simulating the scour/deposition patterns consistent with experimental data. It was found that the additional terms of bottom shear stress in the momentum equations are necessary to produce a physical scouring pattern. Different breakwater steepnesses produce different characteristics of standing wave, the steady streaming system, and scouring pattern in front of the breakwaters, which also affects the correlations between them. An additional analysis of the turbulence field parameters and the sediment transport rate was also performed. All these important information will be presented in details in this paper and can be worthwhile for designing the breakwater in coastal areas.
Keyword: The RANS–VOF model Standingwave Steadystreamingsystem Scouring pattern Breakwatersteepness