Judul: Isolasi Fraksi Aktif Ekstrak Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) Berpotensi sebagai Antibakteri
Abstrak: Ethanol extract of dan dang gendis leaves have been known to be toxic toward Artemia salina brine shrimp. This toxicity property was likely due to the existences of some of its secondary metabolites that have antibacterial properties. Hence, this plant could be used as a substitute of the synthetic drugs usage. The purpose of this study was to find the most active fraction of ethanol extracts of dandang gendis leaves as a potential antibacterial and to determine the group of the active compound. The ethanol extract was fractionated using flash chromatography with silica gel as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate: n-hexane (8:2) as the 1110bile phase resulted in total of four fractions (fraction I to 4). Then the capability of those fractions, to inhibit the growth of two types of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aZlreliS was tested. Fractions I with concentration of 1000 ppm had the largest inhibitory zone with the area of 4.17 and 7 mm in diameter when it was tested on E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The formation of inhibitory zone showed that fraction I of the ethanol extract of danclang gendis to have a weak antibacterial effect toward E. coli and moderate effect (5-10 Illm) on S. aureus. Based on the phytochemical assay, fraction 1 showed positive result on steroid and flavonoid tests
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Judul: Optimisasi Ekstraksi Cair-Cair Fraksi Etanol Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans)
Abstrak: Dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) is a herb which contains antimalaria and larvacide bioactive compounds. In this study, the dried leaf powder was macerated with ethanol and then partitioned with n-hexane. The resulting ethanol extract was then partitioned again with ethyl acetate and this liquid-liquid extraction procedure was the subject of the optimization. Sample to solvent ratio (1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 (mL/mL), extraction temperature (30, 40, and 50 °C); and extraction repetition (1, 2, and 3 times) variations effect were studied. The bioactivity of the extracts were tested with brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) using Artemia salina. The BSLT result of the 11th extract showed the optimum LC50 value (59.15 mg/L). This extract was obtained from the extraction procedure using 1:4 (mL/mL) sample to solvent ratio, 40 °C temperature, and 3 times repetition. From the Minitab 15 computation results were predicted that the optimum condition is achieved at 1:3.88 – 1:4.00 (mL/mL) sample to solvent ratio, 4.61 – 49.99 °C extraction temperature, and 3 times extraction repetition with LC50 170.19 mg/L. The phytochemistry test results showed that the 11th extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids.
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Judul: Pola Pernikahan Masyarakat Batak Karo di Perantauan
Abstrak: Pernikahan adalah budaya yang tidak akan pernah berhenti, pernikahan akan terjadi secara berkelanjutan Dasarnya, karena pernikahan merupakan kebutuhan biologis manusia. Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya akan budaya dan etnis. Setiap suku di Indonesia mempunyai tata cara/adat istiadat dalam pelaksanaan pernikahan itu sendiri. Begitupun dengan suku Batak karo yang mempunyai sendiri tata cara pelaksanaan pernikahan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman Karo Banyak masyarakat yang merantau ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya Bogor berjalan-jalan. Masyarakat Karo yang merantau ke wilayah Bogor pada umumnya akan berusaha melakukan adaptasi ke negara tempat tinggal baru. Keadaan ini juga terjadi pada perkawinan Karo dalam pola adaptasi di Bogor. Namun adaptasi pernikahan masyarakat Karo di Bogor berupaya menjaga nilai-nilai budaya Karo dan sakralisme perkawinan. Mereka do Karo Dimodifikasi pada pola perkawinan, dengan tetap menjaga nilai budaya pernikahan.
Keyword: Weddings Karo, Adaptation marriage patterns, Attitudes