Judul: Analisis Keberlanjutan dan Keselamatan Kerja Perikanan Panah (Spearfishing) di Kepulauan Karimunjawa
Abstrak: Speargun is a productive fishing gear operated by Karimunjawa fishermen. Spearfishermen face potential conflict with other fishermen and also facing major health risk. Objectives of this research are to identify and describe spearfisheries, determine spearfisheries status based on CCRF perspective, define development strategy, and describe job safety analysis. This research was carried out using survey methods. Spearfishing is one night trip operations, spearfishermen undertake five to six trip a week. Spearfishing operations perform nearly throughout the year. Spearfisheries target fish mostly reef fishes. 65 species caught by spearfishermen, weighted 38,767.9 kg, by effort as many as 582 trips. Average CPUE is 63.27 kg / trip. Spearfisheries viewed from CCRF perspective, not fully support CCRF concept. Biological, technological, and social aspects need to improve. External factors affecting spearfisheries system are political, economic, social, cultural, and technological developments. Those external factors make enough impact on Karimunjawa spearfisheries development. Internal factors include management, human resources, and fish resources. Internal factors conditions are able to overcome various problems in spearfisheries. Spearfishing operations by diving is high risk activities. Spearfisheries operations work steps sequence analyzed its potential hazards / accidents and what prevention measures needs to take to minimize that potential hazards / accidents.
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Judul: Dinamika Perikanan Karang di Taman Nasional Karimunjawa, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Fisheries crisis has been occurred worldwide and become greater in several decades. There is an indication of declining fish stock in Karimunjawa according to the study conducted by The Wildlife Conservation Society Indonesia Program and Karimunjawa National Park Authority. Therefore, this study aimed to assess reef fisheries dynamic, fishing effort dynamic, fisher’s operation strategies, and fisher’s adaptation strategies in response to declining in catch rate. Data were collected from fish landing survey, underwater visual census, and focus group discussion from May to December 2011. Fish biomass was analyzed to obtain the value of maximum sustainable yield. Catch per unit effort and seasonal index were analyzed to obtain fishing effort dynamic. Mean of trophic level was analyzed to describe impact of fishing gear to fish community structure, diversity index was analyzed to describe fishing gear selectivity and descriptive analysis was used for fisher’s tactic and fisher’s adaptation strategies in respond to declining catch rate. The results showed that maximum sustainable yield (MSY) could be predicted from biomass data through equation MSY = 0,724*Biomass + 10,15 indicating heavy fishing pressure and equation MSY = 0,383*Biomass + 5,375 indicating light fishing pressure. All fishing gears used in Karimunjawa were concluded as gears with high diversity index or low selectivity of the catch. Speargun contributed to make the highest catch and catch per unit effort (CPUE) compared to others fishing gears, however handline catches fishes from the highest trophic level, and muroami catches with highest rate per person per trip. According to most fishers, fishing operations strategies were highly influenced by weather conditions. The proportion of fishers that choose to adapt and exit the fishery in concomitant to the decline in catch was increased. The most common adaptation strategies used were reducing fishing effort, changing gears, and move to other fishing grounds. Assessing natural and human system dynamic is essential factors in managing reef fisheries with high consideration to the balance between ecological and socioeconomic factors.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4