Judul: Dampak ekologi dan model pengelolaan Taman Wisata Alam Cimanggu, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Cimanggu Nature Recreation Park (Cimanggu NRP) is a nature conservation area which has a protective function as life support systems, preserving species diversity of plants and animals, and can be utilized for the benefit of tourism. Growth in tourist arrivals at Cimanggu NRP cause a threat to the preservation of conservation areas and tourist attraction. This can happens when the utilization of the region exceeds its carrying capacity. The aims of this study to identify tourist characteristic, impact of tourism activities at Cimanggu NRP and develop management model of Cimanggu NRP. The results showed that charateritic of tourist at Cimanggu NRP dominated by young tourist, and have low preception to enviroment. The Cimanggu NRP have a larger carbon stocks than the IPCC's recommendation. Based on phytoplankton diversity index, showed that the station 1 and 3 has lightly polluted while station 2 heavily polluted due to the explosion of phytoplankton population. Based on the makrobenthos diversity index, station 1 has water quality that is still clean/not contaminated, while at stations 2 and 3 lightly polluted. The result of model simulation for 35 years showed the value indicator of the success each scenario as follows: Status quo scenario showed ecological impact index > 1, start at 2015, the target of community participation 4.755 person, management accumulation income 5.644.000.000.000 rupiah, the accumulation of tax 4.419.000.000.000 rupiah and community accumulation incomes 916.000.000.000 rupiah. Conservative scenarios: ecological impact index > 1 start at 2015, the target of community participation is 4.498 person, management accumulated income of is 5.496.000.000.000 rupiah, the accumulation of tax 2.355.000.000.000 rupiah, and the accumulation community income 872.000.000.000 rupiah. Asimilation capacity scenarios: ecological impact index < 1 in 2032 (the end of the simulation) is not exceeded, the target of community participation 5.039 person, management accumulated income 5.754.000.000.000 rupiah, the accumulation of tax 2.466.000.000.000, and the accumulation community income 962.000.000.000 rupiah. (d) economy growth scenarios: ecological impact index < 1 in 2032 (the end of the simulation) is not exceeded,, the target of community participation 5.822 person, mangement accumulated income of 5.582.000.000.000 rupiah, the accumulation of tax 2.620.000.000.000, and the accumulation income Rp. 1.100.000.000.000
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Judul: Model ekowisata kawasan hutan mangrove berbasis daya dukung fisik kawasan dan resiliensi ekologi (kasus ekowisata mangrove Blanakan, Subang, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Increasing tourist arrivals at Blanakan mangrove triggers a threat to environment if the exploitation exceed its carrying capacity. The aims of this study are (1) to identify potential attraction and evaluate biophysical conditions, (2) to understand impact of tourism activities to Blanakan mangrove ecotourism, (3) to calculate the physical carrying capacity and identify the type of ecological resilience, and (4) to develop management model based on physical carrying capacity and ecological resilience. The results showed that Blanakan mangrove ecotourism has mangrove vegetation and crocodiles breeding as attractions. Characteristics of visitors Blanakan dominated by males (63.3%), age group at most 31-40 years (36.7%), educational background senior high school (46.67%), most jobs are private employees (30%), most visitors coming from West Java (60%). The biophysical and chemistry evaluation showed that Blanakan mangrove ecotourism has a capacity to support tourism activities. Biological biodiversity aspects has proven an ability to hold up tourism development. The plankton and makrobenthos diversity index showed that all station were slightly polluted. Effective physical carrying capacity of Blanakan mangrove ecotourism is 825 people per day. Ecological carrying capacity of outing activity is 530 people per ha, boating 106 people per ha and camping 174 people per ha. The water ecosystem resilience of the mangrove ecotourism Blanakan is resilient type which shows that the ecosystem has an ability to recover themselves. This resilient type assure that any disruption upon the ecosystem would automatically recovered if the carrying capacity was not exceedingly utilized. Management model were developed based on four scenarios, they are bussines as usual (BAU), pro environment, pro management, and pro community. Pro environmental scenarios is recommended to be the ideal model management for Blanakan mangrove ecotourism. Pro enviroment scenario showed the ecological sustainability indicators were not exceeded the physical carrying capacity. These scenario has positive impact on the tourism management longer than the other scenarios, the quality of the environment improved, the arising costs of environmental damage could be minimized. The sustainable management strategy of Blanakan mangrove ecotourism were to develop the tourism product and facilities, visitor management, pollution management and increasing assimilation capacity, and community participation.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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