Judul: Analisis Keragaman Nukleotida Ruas Ekson 4 Gen Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1-α Polypeptide (BCKDHA) pada Sapi
Abstrak: Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase (BCKD) is the enzyme complex that have a role in changing branched chain amino acid (leusin, isoleusin, and valin) into α-keto which can involve in Crebs cycle. Deficiency of enzyme complex BCKD will cause Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD). This research aimed to analyze the variability of exon 4 nucleotides of BCKDHA gene on cattle. Analysis of variants from BCKDHA gene was performed using 5 DNA samples from madura cattle, 3 DNA samples from sumba ongole (so) cattle, and 3 DNA samples from ongole descendant cattle and nucleotides sequencing was conducted on PCR product from amplification of DNA pooling sample method. The variant of the exon 4 was G36T on po cattle. This variant revealed transversion substitution which changed Glu (GAA) to stop codon (TAA). The other variant, G144C was found in intron 4 of madura and so cattle.
Keyword: BCKDHA, exon 4, variant, DNA pooling, MSUD

Judul: Keragaman Gen Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1-α Polypeptide (BCKDHA) Ekson 2 dan 3 pada Sapi Madura
Abstrak: Branched Chain α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzyme complex have a role in metabolism of Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA). BCKDHA gene encoding the first subunit of these enzyme complex within mithochondrion. Mutation in BCKDHA gene caused deficiency of BCKD complex that caused Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD). The aim of this research is to detect variability of BCKDHA gene in madura cattle using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method. According to migration pattern of single strand in PAGE 9%, there was four types found in exon 2 and 3 BCKDHA gene in madura cattle, that is A, B, C and D. There was two types of gene found in cattle that its origin from Bangkalan, which is A and C, whereas type that found in Sampang was four, which is A, B, C and D. The highest frequency in two locations is type A, in Bangkalan (83%) and in Sampang (50%).
Keyword: BCKDHA, exon 2, exon 3, gene, madura cattle, SSCP, gene type.

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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