Judul: Prediction Pest and Disease Attacks of Pepper Using the North American Multi-Model Ensemble Prediction Model of Precipitation.
Abstrak: Lada (Piper nigrum L.) merupakan jenis tanaman rempah yang memberikan kontribusi besar dalam kegiatan ekspor di Indonesia. Kontribusi lada sebagai komoditi ekspor tidak lepas dari berbagai ancaman yang memengaruhi proses produksinya seperti serangan hama dan penyakit. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk membangun model prediksi serangan hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang memanfaatkan data prediksi curah hujan luaran model North American Multi- Model Ensemble (NMME). Data curah hujan dan data serangan hama dan penyakit (HPT) lada hasil observasi dapat digunakan untuk membangun model prediksi serangan HPT lada melalui persamaan regresi untuk menentukan nilai ambang batas curah hujan. Hasil prediksi tingkat serangan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada menggunakan data training divalidasi dengan data serangan penyakit observasi menunjukkan hasil yang sesuai sebesar 45%, mendekati 25%, dan tidak sesuai 30%. Sedangkan, prediksi serangan hama penggerek batang menunjukkan hasil yang mendekati sebesar 40%, sesuai 40%, tidak sesuai 20% setelah divalidasi dengan data serangan hama observasi. Hasil prediksi untuk serangan penyakit yang terjadi tahun 2022 adalah rendah/sangat rendah pada triwulan pertama, rendah pada triwulan kedua, tinggi pada triwulan ketiga, dan sangat rendah pada triwulan keempat. Sedangkan untuk serangan hama pada tahun 2022 akan terjadi serangan rendah/tinggi pada triwulan pertama, rendah/tinggi pada triwulan kedua, dan tinggi untuk triwulan ketiga., Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is a type of spice plant that makes a major contribution to export activities in Indonesia. The contribution of pepper as an export commodity cannot be separated from various threats that affect production process such as pests and diseases. The purpose of this study was to develop pest (stem borer) and disease (stem base rot disease) prediction model using the precipitation data the North American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME). Precipitation data and pepper pest and disease attack (P&D) data from observations can be used to build a prediction model for pepper P&D attacks through a regression equation to determine the rainfall threshold value. Prediction results of pepper stem base rot disease using training data were validated with observational disease attack data showing the appropriate results of 45%, approach to 25%, and 30% inappropriate. Meanwhile, the prediction of stem borer attacks showed results that were approach to 40%, appropriate at 40%, and inappropriate at 20% after being validated with observation pest attack data. The prediction results show thatdisease attacksthat will occur in 2022 are low/very low for the first quarter, low for the second quarter, high for the third quarter, and verylow forthe fourth quarter. As for pest attacksin 2022, there will be low/high attacksin the first quarter, low/high in the second quarter, and high in the third quarter.
Keyword: ambang batas, hama dan penyakit lada, NMME, prediksi, tanaman lada

Judul: The Main Pest of Pepper (Piper nigrum L.) in East Belitung Regency, Bangka Belitung
Abstrak: Lada (Piper nigrum) merupakan salah satu jenis rempah-rempah yang tak asing bagi masyarakat Indonesia dan banyak ditanam di daerah Indonesia. Lada banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia sebagai salah satu komponen bumbu masakan tradisional. Kabupaten Belitung Timur merupakan salah satu sentra tanaman lada di Provinsi Bangka Belitung. Budi daya tanaman lada memiliki faktor pembatas yaitu permasalahan hama dan penyakit yang mengganggu produktivitas tanaman lada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis hama utama yang menyerang tanaman lada serta mengetahui tingkat serangan hama utama pada tanaman lada di Kabupaten Belitung Timur. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Januari 2020 hingga Maret 2020 di dua kecamatan, masing-masing kecamatan terdiri atas tiga kebun sehingga total kebun yang digunakan sebanyak enam kebun. Tanaman contoh yang digunakan untuk pengamatan sebanyak 10 tanaman contoh per kebun yang ditentukan dengan pola diagonal, sehingga total tanaman contoh sebanyak 60 tanaman. Hama utama yang menyerang tanaman lada yaitu hama pengisap buah (Dasynus piperis), hama pengisap bunga (Diconocoris hewetti), dan hama penggerek batang lada (Lophobaris piperis). Intensitas kerusakan biji per tandan tertinggi ditemukan di Kecamatan Gantung (24.9%), dan terendah di Kecamatan Kelapa Kampit (6.3%). Populasi D. piperis tertinggi terdapat di Kecamatan Kelapa Kampit (17.0 individu/10 tanaman), dan populasi terendah di Kecamatan Gantung (6.3 individu/10 tanaman). Populasi tertinggi D. hewetti sebesar 2.7 individu/10 tanaman terdapat di Kecamatan Kelapa Kampit dan populasi terendah di Kecamatan Gantung sebesar 0.3 individu/10 tanaman. Populasi tertinggi L. piperis sebesar 3.0 individu/10 tanaman terdapat di Kecamatan Gantung dan terendah (0 individu/10 tanaman) di Kecamatan Kelapa Kampit., Pepper (Piper nigrum) is a well-known spice that is widely grown various parts of Indonesia. East Belitung Regency is one of the pepper planting centers in Bangka Belitung Province. Pepper cultivation has limiting factors such as pest and disease problems that reduce the productivity of pepper plants. This study aims to determine the main pests that attack pepper plants and determine the level of damage and population in East Belitung Regency. The study was conducted from January to March 2020. Two districts that have the most pepper plants were selected, and in each district was selected one village with three pepper plantations. In each plantation, ten pepper plants were selected diagonally. Observations were made five times at two weeks intervals. The main pests found were Dasynus piperis (Hemiptera: Coreidae), Diconocoris hewetti (Hemiptera: Tingidae), and Lophobaris piperis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). The highest level of seed damage per bunch was in Gantung District (24.9%), and the lowest was in Kelapa Sampit (6.3%). The highest population of D. piperis was in Kelapa Kampit District (17.0 individuals/ 10 plants), and the lowest population was in Gantung District (6.3 individuals/ 10 plants). The highest population of D. hewetti was in Kelapa Kampit District (2.7 individuals/10 plants), and the lowest was in Gantung District (0.3 individual/ 10 plants). The highest population of L. piperis was in Gantung District (3.0 individuals/10 plants), and the lowest (0 individual/10 plants) was in Kelapa Kampit District.
Keyword: attack intensity, pest observation, pest population

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology