Judul: Analisis Hubungan Simultan antara Tingkat Upah dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja serta Variabel yang Mempengaruhinya
Abstrak: The economic crisis in 1997 in Indonesia led to complexities in labor issues, particularly those that relate to low wages and labor absorption. Since 2000, the economy has improved and has given hope to better labor conditions in Indonesia. However, increased economic growth has been followed by high unemployment. This study aimed to examine the simultaneous connection among wage rates and labor absorption as well as variables that influence it. Simultaneous equations model were used in this study and data sources were investigated from panel data. The simultaneous test has shown that there was simultaneous connection between the wage rates and labor absorption. The 2SLS (two stage least squares) method with fixed effects was chosen as the best parameter estimation method. The test also revealed that the gross regional domestic product variable influenced the wage rates and labor absorption significantly. The regional minimum wage and education levels significantly affect the wage rates. While the variables of physical investment and the consumer price index significantly affects labor absorption.
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Judul: The Influence of Monetary and Fiscal Policy on Labor Absorption in Indonesia: Provincial Panel Study 2011-2023
Abstrak: Tenaga kerja menjadi salah satu faktor kunci dalam pembangunan ekonomi suatu negara. Pemerintah telah menerapkan berbagai upaya untuk meningkatkan penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia, termasuk melalui kebijakan moneter dan fiskal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi serta pengaruh kebijakan moneter dan fiskal terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia. Analisis tersebut dilakukan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan regresi data panel pendekatan Fixed Effect Model dengan menggunakan data cross section 33 provinsi serta data time-series selama 13 tahun dari tahun 2011-2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyerapan tenaga kerja bervariasi antarwilayah, dengan Jawa Barat memiliki penyerapan tenaga kerja tertinggi dan Papua Barat terendah. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi data panel, kebijakan moneter ekspansif dengan peningkatan jumlah uang beredar dan penurunan suku bunga kredit serta kebijakan fiskal ekspansif dengan peningkatan pengeluaran pemerintah berpengaruh posittif terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Indonesia., Labor is one of the key factors in a country's economic development. The government has implemented various efforts to increase labour absorption in Indonesia, including through monetary and fiscal policies. This study aims to analyse the condition and influence of monetary and fiscal policies on labour absorption in Indonesia. The analysis is conducted using descriptive qualitative method and panel data regression of Fixed Effect Model approach using cross section data of 33 provinces and time-series data for 13 years from 2011-2023. The results show that labour absorption varies across regions, with West Java having the highest labour absorption and West Papua the lowest. Based on the results of panel data regression analysis, expansionary monetary policy with an increase in money supply and a decrease in lending rate and expansionary fiscal policy with an increase in government spending have a positive effect on labor absorption in Indonesia.
Keyword: panel data regression, fiscal policy, labor, monetary policy

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell