Judul: Optimizing the Quality of Sweet Premix Corn Dog Flour Through Storage and Packaging Design Considering Water Activity
Abstrak: PT LeGitt Boga Mandiri sebagai perusahaan makanan berbasis tepung terigu telah menciptakan varian produk terbaru dari tepung premix yaitu tepung sweet premix corn dog. Menjaga kestabilan mutu pada produk perlu dilakukan dengan berfokus pada kondisi lingkungan penyimpanan produk dan kemasan yang digunakan. Pengujian isotermi sorpsi air dilakukan untuk mengetahui kenaikan kadar air pada bahan yang digambarkan menggunakan kurva isotermi sorpsi air (ISA). Dari kurva ISA tersebut dilakukan pembagian fraksi daerah air terikat dengan masing-masing batas atas pada daerah primer, sekunder dan tersier dengan nilai aktivitas air 0,09, 0,69 dan 1. Berdasarkan SNI 01-4476-1998, batas kadar air pada tepung sweet premix corn dog sebesar 12% dilampaui pada lingkungan penyimpanan dengan kelembaban relatif (RH) > 0,69% pada suhu 28oC. Uji cemaran mikroba juga dilakukan dengan diketahui adanya nilai angka lempeng total (ALT), kapang dan khamir dengan taraf aman. Untuk melindungi produk dari kenaikan kadar air yang dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan penyimpanan, maka digunakan jenis material kemasan Polyethylene (PE) dan papersack sebagai material kemasan terbaik yang tersedia di pasaran. Berdasarkan penentuan material kemasan maka dirancang 3 desain mock up kemasan. Hasil penilaian oleh 32 panelis menunjukkan bahwa desain mock up kemasan kedua (#2) memiliki nilai kepuasan tertinggi., PT LeGitt Boga Mandiri, a flour-based food company, created a new product variant called sweet premix corn dog flour. The company ensured product quality stability by focusing on product storage conditions and the packaging used. Water sorption isotherm testing was conducted to determine the increase in water content in the material, described using the water sorption isotherm (WSI) curve. From the WSI curve, the fractions of bound water in the primary, secondary, and tertiary regions were determined with respective upper limits at 0.09, 0.69, and 1 water activity values. According to the SNI 01-4476-1998 standard, the water content limit for sweet premix corn dog flour is 12%, which was exceeded when stored in an environment with relative humidity (RH) > 0.69% at 28°C. Microbial contamination tests were also conducted by determining the total plate count (TPC), mold, and yeast with a safe threshold. To protect the product from water content increases influenced by storage conditions, Polyethylene (PE) and papersack packaging materials were used as the best available options in the market. Based on the determination of packaging materials, three mock-up packaging designs were created. The evaluation results by 32 panelists showed that the second mock-up packaging design (#2) had the highest satisfaction score.
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Judul: Development of Sweet Premix Flour at LeGitt Boga Mandiri Company
Abstrak: Tepung sweet premix adalah salah satu jenis tepung premix yang berasal dari campuran bahan-bahan yaitu gula, susu, tepung, bubuk essence, dan bahan lainnya dengan tujuan meningkatkan efisiensi dalam penggunaannya. Tepung sweet premix ini yang kemudian diaplikasikan menjadi corn dog. Corn dog merupakan produk yang berasal dari adonan atau batter yang diaplikasikan ke permukaan isian yaitu sosis dan melalui proses penggorengan dengan menambahkan tepung roti pada permukaan batter yang telah diaplikasikan. Desain proyek ini terdiri dari prototyping 0,1,2, dan 3. Pengujian pada setiap prototipe terdiri uji organoleptik, daya lekat, densitas, dimensi, kadar air tepung, dan kadar lemak produk kemudian dari seluruh pengujian tersebut dilakukan rankingan produk dengan metode indeks efektivitas dengan bobot parameter disesuaikan dengan target parameter pada prototipe 0-3. Prototipe 0-3 masing-masing dengan tiga iterasi dengan target parameter prototipe 0 produk terbaik dari tiga sumber yaitu dari competitor dan studi literatur diperoleh perlakuan terbaik yaitu prototipe A(UMKM) sampel kompetitor, prototipe 1 target parameter daya lekat diperoleh ranking produk yaitu prototipe 1A dengan nilai daya lekat sebesar 4,26, prototipe 2 target parameter tekstur diperoleh ranking produk terbaik yaitu prototipe 2C dengan nilai tekstur 4,43, dan prototipe 3 target parameter rasa diperoleh ranking produk terbaik yaitu prototipe 3C dengan nilai rasa berdasarkan uji organoleptik sebesar 4 dan berdasarkan uji beda nyata prototipe 3 dengan 3 iterasi dibandingkan dengan prototipe kontrol (2C) tidak berbeda nyata maka pengaruh komposisi susu tidak berpengaruh terhadap kesukaan konsumen terhadap rasa. Prototipe akhir yang terpilih dilakukan pengujian karakteristik gizi produk tepung sweet premix yaitu diperoleh hasil pengujian yaitu 8,6% kadar air, 0,73% kadar abu, 9,43% kadar lemak, 4% kadar protein, 13% kadar serat, dan 64,24% kadar karbohidrat., Sweet premix flour is a type of premix flour that comes from a mixture of ingredients, namely sugar, milk, flour, essence powder, and other ingredients with the aim of increasing efficiency in its use. This sweet premix flour is then applied to corn dogs. Corn dog is a product that comes from a dough or batter that is applied to the surface of the filling, namely sausages and goes through a frying process by adding bread flour to the surface of the batter that has been applied. The project design consists of prototyping 0,1,2, and 3. Tests on each prototype consisted of organoleptic tests, adhesion of bread to sausages, density, dimensions, flour moisture content, and product fat content. Then from all these tests, product ranking was carried out using the effectiveness index method with parameter weights adjusted to the target parameters on prototype 0-3. Prototype 0-3 each with three iterations with the target parameter prototype 0 the best product from three sources, namely from competitors and literature studies obtained the best treatment, namely prototype A (MSMEs) competitor sample, prototype 1 target parameter of adhesion obtained product ranking, namely prototype 1A with a stickiness value of 4.26, prototype 2 target texture parameter obtained the best product ranking, namely prototype 2C with a texture value of 4.43, and prototype 3 target parameter taste obtained the best product ranking, namely prototype 3C with a taste value based on an organoleptic test of 4 and based on
Keyword: Corn dog, Product development, Prototyping, Sweet premix flour

Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Kompleks Spesies Himantura uarnak (Batoidea: Dasyatidae) di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Stingrays are one of the cartilaginous fish, apart of sharks and skates, and one of Indonesia's fishery resources. Almost of elasmobranch fishes are economically important fish. The refined products and live specimens of this fish are a lot of traded. Himantura uarnak, H. undulata and H. leoparda are stingray species in Himantura and Dasyatidae family, which are the most popular stingrays in Indonesia waters. The stingrays are major target species were used as a consumable product and trading products. Levels of species diversity of cartilaginous fish in Indonesia are very high, and also Indonesia is listed as one of the countries that use elasmobranch resources the highest in the world. Generally, this study aims to identify each species of H. uarnak species complex through molecular approaches. While specifically, this study aims to estimate the evolutionary process of species divergence and to determine the relationship between species. The methods were used in this study included field sampling, sample collection, and specimen identification, collection of genetic samples, analysis of genetic samples and data analysis . Size polymorphism nuclear DNA markers (intron EPIC) were used. Polymorphism alleles translated into genotypes and alleles frequency of five introns loci. The results of Bayesian analysis and Correspondence Analysis (CA) produced informative diagram of the population structure showed 4 different clusters. Cluster 1 and 4 were H. leoparda, Cluster 2 indicated as H. undulata and the Cluster 3 was H. uarnak. Cluster 1 was a variant of Cluster 4, in this time called as H. leoparda var.1. Separation of four clusters according to nuclear DNA need to be proved by mitochondria DNA maker by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b). Molecular approaches were using mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b produced 4 main groups (Group I, II, III and IV). Both of these molecular approaches showed each individual of groups were in consistent clade and the main group. Hence the H. uarnak species complex in Indonesian waters were divided into 4 main groups, and each was a particular species. The Group I and IV were the two group species that have been released as H. leoparda and Group I was H. leoparda var. 1 identified as cryptic species. Group II was one individual who grouped as H. undulata. Group III was one of other group that identified as H. uarnak and in accordance with the morphological characteristic through spotting pettern. Morphological approach to identified the stingrays of Himantura uarnak species complex clearly less accurate than the molecular approaches. Morphological approach should not be used to identify a species complex in stingrays without helped by other approaches.
Keyword: Himantura uarnak species complex, intron EPIC, cyt b, COI, spotting pattern