Judul: Kelembagaan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Hutan (Kasus Masyarakat Nambluong di Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua)
Abstrak: The objective of this study was to describe the local institution 111 the management of forest resource and its implications for forest performance. This @ dy used a case study method. Data were collected through in-depht interviews, ~ctured interviews, observation and measurement. The result showed that the ~stitutional aspects in the forest management in the Nambluong community (") i-iiclude values, norms and lUles. The value of forest resources refers to the ~thropocentric orientation. The identified systems of knowledge and nOlms are ,rest categorization, cultivation system, descent groups, prohibition of cultivation ~ld cutting down trees at the riverside, prohibition of using certain types of wood, ~ohibition of stealing or destroying villages, farms and forests, as well as the ban ~ selling villages/farm land to outsiders. The lUles on the holding rights of forest ~sources refer to the rights to control and use as well traditional sanctions. These ~hts are based on the system of khinship and traditional leadership. Social & rms and lUle on the rights of the forest resources have implications to the :::::s iiistainable forest resource as the main sources of livelihood for the community. :::::s Qihese implications are demonstrated by the sustainable forest resource to o ~oduction of crops, dusun of sago and timber, which are have a ecologi function. k the secondary and primary forest areas, the measurement of perfOlmance found a good implication in performance. This performance is indicated by the sufficient number or density of plant species, which is of good category with the diversity of plant species at the moderate level. The institutional aspects that are tlUsted, obeyed and practiced in managing and utilizing forest have given the implications of a good management of forest resources. This is indicated by the clarity of tenure limits for the tang groups that have been recognized by the community, thus providing guaranteed security in utilizing forest. The regulation of the l!ilizing rights for the tang members can control the behavior of individuals who ~e forest resources excessively.
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Judul: Analisis Kebijakan Pemanfaatan Kayu oleh Masyarakat Adat (Kasus di Kabupaten Jayapura Provinsi Papua)
Abstrak: The decentralization policies in Indonesia have not yet specifically designed the decentralization of natural resources management. This condition can be seen from the timber utilization by the traditional community in the Regency of Jayapura in the Province of Papua. They prefer to utilize timber without legal aspects, whereas the local government is faced with difficulties because of different and inconsistent policies. The objective of this study was to examine the implemented policies, activities of traditional community in utilizing timber, the effectiveness of traditional institutions; and formulate alternative policies. Data were collected from observation, document tracing, and in-depth interviews with informants in the Districts of Kemtuk, Kaureh, and Unurumguay. The analyses involved these aspects: policy substance/content, marketing channel, income of people and local government, stakeholders, and effectiveness of traditional bodies/institutions. The study results indicate that the existing policies do have benefits and ignore the rights of traditional community; some marketing channels are without legal aspects; the traditional institutions are not yet effective; and coordination is necessary between the local government and forestry ministry in making policies.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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