Judul: Profil Kalsium, Magnesium, dan Fosfor Darah Sapi Perah serta Hubungannya dengan Jumlah Sel Somatik Susu
Abstrak: Kalsium, Magnesium, dan Fosfor memegang peranan penting dalam produksi ternak sapi perah. Kekurangan dan ketidakseimbangan mineral makro Ca, Mg, dan P dapat menghambat produktivitas sapi perah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur kadar mineral makro Ca, Mg, dan P darah sapi perah dan melihat hubungannya dengan jumlah sel somatik (JSS) dalam susu segar. Sampel darah dan susu diambil dari 20 ekor sapi perah yang berasal dari peternakan rakyat Pasir Jambu, Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung. Kadar mineral makro diperiksa di laboratorium komersial, sedangkan sampel susu diperiksa untuk dihitung JSS. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa 5 dari 20 ekor sapi (25%) menderita hipokalsemia subklinis dan 2 dari 5 ekor tersebut (40%) memiliki JSS di atas 400 000 sel/ml. Dua dari 20 ekor sapi (10%) menderita hipomagnesemia subklinis dan masing-masing memiliki JSS di atas dan di bawah 400 000 sel/ml. Seluruh sampel memiliki kadar P dalam darah normal. Simpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah kadar kalsium dan magnesium secara tidak langsung memiliki hubungan terhadap peningkatan jumlah sel somatik.
Keyword: kalsium, magnesium, fosfor, jumlah sel somatik

Judul: Kadar Kalsium Pada Sapi Perah Penderita Mastitis Subklinis Di Pasir Jambu, Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Abstrak: Kalsium merupakan makro mineral yang berperanan sangat penting dalam metabolisme ternak sapi perah. Kekurangan kalsium yaitu hipokalsemia dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab mastitis. Penelitian ini untuk mengukur kadar kalsium darah pada sapi perah penderita mastitis subklinis. Sampel susu dan darah diambil dari 20 ekor sapi perah yang berasal dari peternakan rakyat Pasir Jambu, Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Kadar kalsium diperiksa menggunakan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometer (AAS), sedangkan sampel susu diperiksa untuk menentukan status mastitis subklinis berdasarkan jumlah sel somatik, IPB-1 dan keberadaan patogen. Hasil pemeriksaan menunjukkan bahwa 11 dari 20 ekor sapi (55%) menderita mastitis subklinis dan 6 dari 11 ekor tersebut (54.5%) menderita hipokalsemia subklinis. Jumlah sel somatik dan kadar kalsium dari sapi sehat dan sapi penderita mastitis subklinis menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0.05). Kadar kalsium dan jumlah sel somatik mempengaruhi produksi susu sebesar 99% (R2= 0.99). Simpulan yang dapat diambil dari penelitian ini adalah sapi perah penderita mastitis subklinis memiliki kadar kalsium lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sapi sehat.
Keyword: hipokalsemia subklinis, jumlah sel somatik, kalsium, mastitis subklinis

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: