Judul: Potensi Senyawa Golongan Flavonoid Sebagai Antagonis Reseptor Estrogen Alfa (3ERT) In Silico
Abstrak: Regulasi pensinyalan reseptor estrogen-α menjadi kunci pengendalian kanker payudara dominan yang merupakan tipe positif hormon reseptor dengan menggunakan peran antagonis reseptor estrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi senyawa golongan flavonoid subkelas flavan-3-ol dan flavon yang diprediksi memiliki peran antagonis terhadap reseptor estrogen-α. Penambatan molekuler dilakukan menggunakan Yasara Structure dengan hasil docking yang divisualisasikan melalui Discovery Studio. Jenis interaksi molekuler ligan-reseptor ditentukan melalui analisis energi bebas ikatan, konstanta disosiasi dan ikatan kimia residu asam amino. Hasil penambatan molekuler ligan uji mendapatkan 3 ligan dari subkelas flavan-3-ol yaitu katekin, epikatekin, gallokatekin dan 3 ligan dari subkelas flavon yaitu apigenin,krisin, luteolin memiliki potensi antagonis terhadap reseptor estrogen α. Namun potensi yang didapatkan dari seluruh ligan uji tidak lebih baik dari ligan alaminya yaiu 4-hidroksitamoksifen (∆G -10.0620 Kkal/mol, Kd 42116.8828) dan ligan pembanding raloksifen (∆G -10.4480 Kkal/mol, Kd 21954.0410) yang juga memiliki interaksi asam amino residu penting (Arg394, Glu353, His524). Simpulan penelitian ini menyatakan ligan dengan potensi terbaik sebagai antagonis reseptor estrogen-α dimiliki oleh epikatekin (∆G -7.9120 Kkal/mol, Kd 1586452.62 pm) dari subkelas flavan-3-ol dengan interaksi kimianya terhadap residu penting Glu353 dan His524.
Keyword: Estrogen Receptors, Flavan-3-ols, Flavones, SERMs

Judul: Potential of Bioactive Compounds in Fig (Ficus carica L.) as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator (SERMs) In Silico
Abstrak: Kasus kanker payudara terbanyak didominasi jenis positif hormon reseptor, yang terkait pada keberadaan reseptor estrogen-α (ERα). Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) mampu mengikat ERα agar proliferasi terhambat. Tanaman tin memiliki aktivitas antikanker payudara positif estrogen, namun belum diketahui interaksi antagonisnya terhadap ERα. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan senyawa aktif yang berpotensi berperan sebagai antagonis terhadap reseptor ERα pada tanaman tin. Penambatan molekuler menggunakan AutoDock Vina. Jenis interaksi molekuler ligan-reseptor ditentukan melalui parameter energi afinitas (ΔG), konstanta inhibisi (Ki), dan binding site similarity (BSS). Hasil penambatan mendapatkan 13 ligan uji yang bersifat antagonis terhadap ERα. Potensi pengikatan antagonis terbaik terdapat pada ligan epikatekin (ΔG -8,4 kkal/mol dengan Ki 0,696 μM) dan apigenin (ΔG -8,1 kkal/mol dengan Ki 1,154 μM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa epikatekin merupakan ligan dengan potensi terbaik dalam berikatan antagonis terhadap ERα berdasarkan energi afinitas, konstanta inhibisi, serta interaksi residu asam amino., Most of breast cancer cases is hormone receptor positive type of breast cancer. Selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERMs) can binding an estrogen receptor α (ERα) and inhibit proliferation. Fig has anticancer breast activity, but their antagonist’s interaction with the ERα still unknown. This study aims to determine the bioactive compounds on figs that potentially block the ERα as an antagonist. Molecular docking using AutoDock Vina. The type of ligand-receptor molecular interaction is determined by the parameters such as affinity energy (ΔG), inhibition constant (Ki), and binding site similarity (BSS). The result of molecular docking is 13 ligands from leaves, fruit, and latex fig that can block the ERα. Epicatechin (ΔG -8,4 kcal/mol with Ki 0,696 μM) and apigenin (ΔG -8,1 kcal/mol with Ki 1,154 μM) are compounds that have the best potential antagonist activities to ERα. The results showed that epicatechin is the test ligands with the best potential antagonist compound to the ERα based on affinity energy, inhibitory constant, and amino acid residues’s interaction.
Keyword: Estrogen receptor α, Fig, Molecular docking, SERMs

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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