Judul: Analysis of the Sustainability of the Cattle Breeding Business in Situ Bolang, Cikedung Sub-District, Indramayu Regency, West Java
Abstrak: The increase in population growth has led to an increase in foods of animal origin, one of which is meat. The demand for beef is not matched by an increase in the national cattle population and productivity. Policies on cattle breeding in the future require basic information, potential resources, and supporting facilities that are actualized in indicators and aspects of sustainability. The aim of this study is to look at the potential, index, and sustainability status of a cattle breeding business with semi-intensive and intensive rearing patterns using multi-indicators to evaluate the basis for formulating sustainable livestock development policies. The analytical method uses multidimensional scaling (MDS) with the Rap-UPTS approach for analysis of index values and sustainability status. To detect sensitive indicators and misjudgments of sustainability values for each aspect, leverage and Monte Carlo analyses were carried out. The number of respondents was 24 people, divided into two groups: 12 semi-intensive breeders and 12 intensive breeders. The results of the sustainability index analysis showed that the semi intensive maintenance pattern obtained an index value of 52.32 and the intensive maintenance pattern 56.55 from an index of 0-100. The two maintenance patterns fall into the fairly sustainable status category and show similarity in the stress value of 0.13, where this gain is valid because it is
Keyword: Indramayu Regency, intensive, semi-intensive, sustainability cattle, Rap-UPTS

Judul: New Initiative to Build a Breeding Business of Bali Cattle Based on Community in Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SL-SPR)
Abstrak: The government has launched a meat self-sufficiency program to meet meat needs since 2005. The main target was to increase the population of cattle in smallholder farmers. The problem is that there are no records and data on smallholder farmers so that it is difficult to increase the population of cattle. The purpose of this study was to (1) produce baseline data on the productive and reproductive performance of Bali cattle and their supporting factors which are used as the basis for starting recording at SL-SPR Maju Bersama (2) to analyze the carrying capacity with feed production and the carrying capacity index of forage land (3) to analyze the projection of Bali cattle population in the next 10 years so that it can be used as basic data to start a breeding business. The research was conducted at SL-SPR Maju Bersama, Sungai Lilin District, Musi Banyuasin Regency in October-December 2019. The material used in this study was the all population of bali cattle, totaling 330 head of the dam belonging to 219 farmers in SL-SPR Maju Bersama, Sungai Lilin District. This study was used survey methods and direct observation of the research object. The parameters analyzed were the potential of bali cattle, reproductive performance, the potential of feed resources and carrying capacity as well as the projection of the bali cattle population for the next 10 years based on 3 simulations, constant, improvement through the SPR program, and intervention of SPR with the government. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis by presenting the test results in tabular form as well as the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test to analyze the influence of factors that affect the reproductive performance of the dam. The projection of bali cattle population was calculated by the Microsoft Excel program. The results showed that the population of bali cattle in SL-SPR Maju Bersama was 1 277 heads. The dam as much as 72.7% came from non-groups, while the others were born and came from in the SPR group; 87.9% owned by themselves, while the others were profit sharing; 70% maintained intensively while the others maintained by semi-intensively and extensively; 58% mated by AI, while the others by natural; 24.5% were in the age range of 3-4 years and 43.0% had a BCS value of 3. The reproductive performance was obtained, age first calving 1 098 ± 12 days; calving interval 455.4 ± 8.33 days; days open 169.4 ± 8.33 and service per conception 5.37 ± 0.42. The origin and age of the dam had a significant effect on calving interval, days open and service per conception (P <0.05). Ownership status had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the age first calving. The total production of feed obtained from forages and agricultural crop residues as much as 15 646.92 tonnes of DM per year with a capacity of 6 259 AU and a capacity to increase the population of ruminants by 5 063 AU. The projection of the bali cattle population for the next 10 years with constant projections, projections with the SPR program and projections of SPR intervention with
Keyword: Bali cattle, Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat, reproductive performance

Judul: Reduksi artemisin dengan NaBH4 daan metilasi produk dengan diazometana
Abstrak: Malaria, paludisme, demam intermitens, panas dingin, demam Roma, demam Chagres, demam rawa, demam tropik, demam pantai, dan "ague" adalah istilah untuk penyakit mematikan yang membayangi setiap manusia di bumi ini. Data WHO menunjukkan bahwa ± 270 juta manusia setiap tahunnya menderita penyakit ini dan diperkirakan 2 sampai 3 juta orang meninggal. Ada dua cara yang biasa ditempuh untuk menanggulangi penyakit malaria. Pertama dengan membunuh vektornya, misalnya penyemprotan DDT, dan kedua, membunuh parasitnya dengan obat-obat antimalaria, seperti artemisinin. Artemisinin mudah sekali terurai dalam darah dan memiliki aktivitas oral yang rendah. Aplikasi klinis artemisinin sangat sulit karena kelarutannya yang rendah dalam pelarut air dan minyak. Jika artemisinin direduksi dengan reduktor lembut NaBH4, gugus karbonil pada Cio berubah menjadi gugus hidroksil. Metilasi gugus hidroksil akan menghasilkan turunan eter (artemeter) yang memiliki aktivitas lebih tinggi dari artemisinin. Sintesis eter melalui metilasi hidroksil dengan boron trifluorida menghasilkan 32 derivat eter, yang didalamnya terdapat epimer artemeter sebagai produk minor. Metilasi yang lebih kuantitatif dan selektif dapat dicapai dengan diazometana. Metilasi dengan diazometana tidak menghasilkan produk samping yang banyak. Molekul target (artemeter) yang dihasilkan dapat merupakan produk mayor. Hidroborasi artemisinin menghasilkan kristal 2 yang diidentifikasi sebagai dihidroartemisinin (t.1. 151- 153°C). TLC-nya terdiri dari 1 noda bulat dengan Rf 0.24. Spektrum GC pada GC-MS menunjukkan dihidroartemisinin sintesis (tr 17.421 menit) masih terkotori oleh artemisinin sisa (tr 15.771 menit). Pola fragmentasi artemisinin sisa, mirip dengan pola fragmentasi artemisinin standar. Tingkat kemurnian kristal yang didapat ialah 90%. Diazotisasi dengan waktu kontak 1 jam, 8 jam, dan 18 jam tidak mengubah dihidroartemisinin menjadi molekul target. Sedangkan waktu kontak 36 jam akan mengubah dihidroartemisinin menjadi senyawa 8. Senyawa ini terdiri dari dihidroartemisinin sisa (Rf 0.26), senyawa target (Rf 0.78), dan senyawa dengan konsentrasi terbesar, hasil reaksi pesaing, artemisinin (Rf 0.85).
Keyword: reduction