Judul: Daya Saing dan Aliran Perdagangan Biji Pala Indonesia di Pasar Dunia
Abstrak: Indonesia is listed as an exporter of nutmeg seeds with the highest export value during 2012 to 2020. However, the growth in the value of exports to the main export destination countries tend to be negative. In addition, the growth in the value of exports was lower than the growth in the value of imports of nutmeg. This means that Indonesia has not been able to optimize its export potential. Export development can be done by knowing the competitiveness of the export destination country and knowing the determinants of the nutmeg trade. Countries that have strong commodity competitiveness in export destination countries will be able to dominate and survive in the midst of global competition. This study aims to 1) determine the competitiveness of Indonesian nutmeg on the world market and in ten export destination countries, 2) determine the export position of nutmeg in export destination countries, 3) determine the factors that influence the flow of Indonesian nutmeg trade to destination countries. exports, and 4) knowing the export potential of Indonesian nutmeg seeds. The study uses secondary data in the form of panel data of whole and powdered nutmeg for the period 2012 to 2019 with research variables namely Indonesia's PDB, PDB of export destination countries, economic distance, population, and sanitary and phytosanitary dummy (SPS). The data is processed using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) analysis to determine competitiveness, dynamic revealed comparative advantage (DRCA) to determine the position of competitiveness, gravity model approach to determine the determinants of nutmeg trade, and trade potential analysis to determine the potential trade in nutmeg in Indonesia. future. The results of the analysis using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) show that whole nutmeg seeds and powdered nutmeg from Indonesia are competitive in the international market. Indonesia's nutmeg seeds in ten export destination countries are also competitive, with the highest competitiveness of whole nutmeg seeds found in Italy and Germany, while the competitiveness of powdered nutmeg is highest in Germany and France. Based on the Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA) analysis, the results show that the competitiveness growth of the two products has always been positive in Japan, thus bringing the competitiveness position in Japan to a rising star in the fourth period (2018-2020). The results of the gravity model approach show that Indonesia's GDP, GDP of export destination countries, and the SPS dummy have a negative effect on trade in whole nutmeg seeds, while economic distance and population have a positive iii effect. Meanwhile, the effect on the trade of powdered nutmeg by Indonesia's GDP, export destination GDP, population, and the SPS dummy is positive, while the economic distance is negative. In the future, Indonesia's exports of whole nutmeg seeds still have the potential to expand to all export destination countries. Meanwhile, the expansion of Indonesia's nutmeg powder exports is still possible to expand it to India, the United States, and Japan.
Keyword: competitiveness, gravity model, nutmeg, trade potential

Judul: Analysis of Indonesia's Nutmeg Export Performance and Competitiveness.
Abstrak: Pala merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia. Indonesia menjadi eksportir terbesar di dunia pada komoditas pala dengan HS 090811. Meskipun demikian tetap diperlukan inovasi serta pengembangan sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai ekspor. Penelitian ini menganalisis Kinerja dan Daya Saing Ekspor Pala Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama dengan menggunakan data dari 9 negara, yaitu Vietnam, Amerika Serikat, Belanda, Jepang, Jerman, Italia, Singapura, India, dan Korea Selatan selama periode 2012-2018. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan regresi data panel. Hasil RCA menunjukkan bahwa ekspor pala Indonesia pada semua negara tujuan memiliki daya saing yang kuat serta keunggulan komparatif. Analisis EPD menunjukkan Amerika Serikat dan India berada pada posisi Rising Star, Falling Star pada Vietnam, Jepang, Jerman, Italia, dan Singapura. Kemudian Retreat pada negara Belanda dan Korea Selatan. Hasil Model-X menunjukkan potensi pengembangan pasar ekspor pala Indonesia optimis, potensial, dan kurang potensial. Regresi data panel menunjukkan harga ekspor, nilai tukar riil, dan TBT berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor pala Indonesia., Nutmeg is Indonesia's leading export commodity. Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of nutmeg with HS 090811. Nevertheless, innovation and development are still needed so that it can increase export value. This study analyzes the performance and competitiveness of Indonesia's nutmeg exports to major destination countries using data from 9 countries, namely Vietnam, the United States, the Netherlands, Japan, Germany, Italy, Singapore, India and South Korea during the 2012-2018 period. The analytical methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and panel data regression. The RCA results show that Indonesia's nutmeg exports to all destination countries have strong competitiveness and comparative advantages. EPD analysis shows the United States and India are in the Rising Star, Falling Star positions in Vietnam, Japan, Germany, Italy, and Singapore. Then Retreat to the Netherlands and South Korea. X-Model shows that the potential development of the Indonesian nutmeg export market is optimistic, potential, and less potential. Panel data regression shows that export prices, real exchange rates, and TBT have a significant effect on the export value of Indonesian nutmeg.
Keyword: EPD, main destination country, nutmeg, Panel data, RCA, X-Model

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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