Judul: Literature Review on Poultry Transportation: Impact of Various Stress and Efforts to Prevent Them
Abstrak: Transportasi unggas di negara berkembang umumnya belum memperoleh perhatian khusus di masyarakat, sedangkan proses transportasi unggas sebelum pemotongan menjadi salah satu faktor penentu yang berpengaruh terhadap kualitas dan kuantitas hasil akhir ternak. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan mengkaji berbagai dampak cekaman selama proses transportasi unggas dan upaya pencegahannya. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi pustaka dengan teknik penulisan narative review. Cekaman selama proses transportasi unggas dapat disebabkan oleh manajemen yang kurang tepat oleh peternak baik sebelum, sesaat, dan sesudah tranportasi, mikroklimat lingkungan di luar zona nyaman unggas dan sarana prasarana yang tidak mendukung. Dampak yang dapat terjadi akibatnya adalah penurunan kualitas berupa memar, patah tulang, PSE, dan DFD serta kuantitas hasil akhir unggas berupa penyusutan bobot juga kematian. Dampak lain yang dapat terjadi yaitu meningkatnya kadar MDA pada jaringan tubuh unggas. Senyawa MDA merupakan salah satu biomarker terjadinya stres oksidatif pada sel. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimalkan cekaman selama proses transportasi dapat melalui pendekatan secara genetika, manipulasi lingkungan, dan suplementasi., Poultry transportation in developing countries generally has not received special attention in the community, whereas the process of transportation of poultry before slaughter is one of the determining factors that affect the quality and quantity of the final livestock. This literature study aims to examine the various effects of stress during the poultry transportation process and efforts to prevent them. The method used is literature study with a narrative review writing technique. Stress during the poultry transportation process can be caused by improper management by farmers before, during and after transportation, the microclimate environment outside the poultry comfort zone and unsupportive infrastructure. The impact that can occur as a result is a decrease in quality in the form of bruises, fractures, PSE and DFD as well as the quantity of the final product of poultry in the form of weight loss and mortality. Another impact that can occur is the increase in MDA levels in poultry body tissue. MDA compound is one of the biomarkers of oxidative stress in cells. Efforts that can be made to minimize stress during the transportation process can be through genetic approaches, environmental manipulation, and supplementation.
Keyword: Malondialdehyde, Oxidative Stress, Poultry Transportation, Reactive Oxygen Species

Judul: impact of transportation to broiler chicken (Gallus domesticus) physiology responses
Abstrak: Kegiatan transportasi akan menimbulkan stres pada ayam yang akan menimbulkan dampak negatif dengan turunnya bobot badan dan mortalitas yang akan mempengaruhi pendapatan. Tingkat stres yang dirasakan ayam dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan mikro selama transportasi. Stres pada ayam dapat diidentifikasi dari suhu tubuh yang tinggi, peningkatan denyut jantung, dan frekuensi pernapasan yang disebut sebagai respon fisiologis pada ayam. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh transportasi terhadap respon fisiologis ayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola Faktorial A(2) × B(2). Faktor A perlakuan ditransportasikan dan tidak ditransportasikan. Faktor B waktu pengamatan sebelum dan sesudah Faktor A. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada interaksi antara perlakuan A dan B pada pengamatan frekuensi pernapasan dan suhu rektal. Pada pengamatan denyut jantung dan bobot badan tidak ada interaksi antara perlakuan A dan B. Adanya pengaruh suhu relatif yang rendah karena aliran udara saat dilakukan proses transportasi dimalam hari sehingga peningkatan respon fisiologis pada perlakuan ditransportasikan lebih rendah dibandingkan pada perlakuan tidak ditransportasikan., Transportation activities will cause stress on chickens and will harm decreased body weight and mortality that will affect income. The level of stress felt by chickens is influenced by microenvironmental conditions during transportation. Stress in chickens can be identified by high body temperature, increased heart rate, the respiratory rate which is called a physiological response in chickens. This study was conducted to determine the effect of transportation on the physiological response of chickens. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with factorial pattern A(2) × B(2). Factor A treatment was transported and not transported. Factor B was observed before and after Factor A. The results showed that there was an interaction between treatments A and B on the observation of respiratory frequency and rectal temperature. In the observation of heart rate and body weight, there was no interaction between treatments A and B. There was a relatively low effect of temperature due-airflow flow during the transportation process at night at the increase in physiological response in the transported treatment was lower than in the non-transported treatment.
Keyword: ayam broiler, transportasi, stres, respon fisiologis, broiler chicken, transportation, stress, physiology response

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology