Judul: Eksplorasi Bakteri Kitinolitik sebagai Agens Pengendali Larva Boktor Dorysthenes sp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) pada Tanaman Tebu
Abstrak: Kebutuhan gula nasional meningkat setiap tahun dengan laju konsumsi sekitar 3,3% per tahun. Produksi gula nasional dilaporkan belum mampu memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut sehingga diperlukan impor dengan laju sekitar 11,94% per tahun. Tanaman utama penghasil gula di Indonesia adalah tebu. Serangan hama merupakan salah satu penyebab produktivitas tebu menurun. Dorysthenes sp. (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) dikenal sebagai hama boktor merupakan hama baru pada perkebunan tebu yang berpotensi menurunkan produksi gula. Saat ini pengendalian boktor telah dilakukan secara terpadu (PHT), namun masih terdapat kendala dalam penerapan komponen-komponen PHT tersebut di lapangan. Oleh sebab itu, komponen PHT hama boktor masih perlu diperkaya dengan menggunakan teknik lain yang lebih sesuai agar lebih efektif dan efisien. Salah satu kiat pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan adalah memanfaatkan bakteri kitinolitik yang memiliki kemampuan proteolitik. Bakteri tersebut dilaporkan potensial untuk mengendalikan beberapa serangga hama.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Parasitoid Pada Perkebunan Tebu (Saccharum Officinarum L.) Di Pt Gmp (Gunung Madu Plantations) Lampung Dan Pt Lpi (Laju Perdana Indah) Sumatera Selatan
Abstrak: Tebu merupakan tanaman yang dapat hidup di iklim tropis dan subtropis. Hama banyak menyerang perkebunan tebu dan dapat menurunkan tingkat produksinya. Pengendalian hama dapat menggunakan musuh alami seperti predator, parasitoid, dan patogen. Parasitoid biasa digunakan dalam mengendalikan hama sebagai musuh alami di perkebunan tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui parasitoid pada pertanaman tebu di perkebunan PT GMP dan PT LPI. Pada masing-masing perkebunan diambil tiga varietas tebu sebagai sampel yaitu tahan, sedang, dan rentan. Parasitoid diambil menggunakan jaring serangga dan separator. Parasitoid juga dikoleksi melalui telur dan larva inang dari lapangan. Parasitoid yang ditemukan adalah Tachinidae (Diptera), Chalcididae, Diapriidae, Evaniidae, Mymaridae, Platygasteridae, Scelionidae, Tetracampidae, dan Trichogrammatidae (Hymenoptera). Telenomus sp. dan Trichogramma spp. merupakan parasitoid telur yang muncul dari telur inang yang dikoleksi. Apanteles flavipes dan Diatraeophaga sp. diperoleh dari larva Chilo spp., sedangkan Stenobracon nicevillei dan Elasmus zehntneri diperoleh dari larva Scirpophaga excerptalis. Indeks keanekaragaman dan sebaran serangga parasitoid tertinggi di PT GMP dan PT LPI didapat pada varietas tahan.
Keyword: Chilo spp., Elasmus zehntneri, indeks keanekaragaman, Scirpophaga excerptalis, Stenobracon nicevillei

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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