Judul: Analisis dampak kualitas institusi terhadap foreign direct investment (FDI) di ASEAN
Abstrak: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) merupakan elemen penting untuk menjawab tantangan struktural dan transformasi ekonomi. Kualitas institusi dapat menjadi suatu keunggulan bagi negara-negara di ASEAN. Kualitas institusi yang baik diyakini membawa pengaruh yang positif terhadap aliran FDI. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak kualitas institusi terhadap aliran FDI di ASEAN dengan menambahkan beberapa variabel makroekonomi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Panel Data. Peneltian ini menggunakan data FDI serta kualitas institusi negara-negara ASEAN dari tahun 2004 sampai 2013. Kualitas Institusi berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap aliran FDI di ASEAN. GDP, GDP per Kapita, Inflasi, serta Trade Openness juga berpengaruh signifikan terhadap FDI. Penemuan ini dapat menjadi masukan bagi pemerintah di ASEAN untuk memperbaiki kualitas institusi jika ingin meningkatkan aliran FDI ke negara ASEAN.
Keyword: FDI, Panel Data Method, Institutions, ASEAN

Judul: Pengaruh Pembangunan Infrastruktur terhadap Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) di Negara-Negara ASEAN Tahun 2007– 2015
Abstrak: Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) merupakan hal yang penting untuk meningkatkan perekonomian suatu negara. Persaingan diantara negara-negara untuk menarik FDI pun semakin meningkat. Iklim investasi yang kondusif merupakan suatu hal yang harus diperhatikan. Salah satunya adalah kondisi infrastruktur. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perkembangan dan pengaruh pembangunan infrastruktur terhadap FDI di ASEAN serta hasil dari analisis dapat dijadikan rekomendasi terhadap pengambilan kebijakan bagi pemerintah. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder untuk 9 negara ASEAN tahun 2007 hingga 2015. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan data panel. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang secara signifikan berpengaruh positif terhadap FDI adalah GDP per kapita, trade openness, Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), mobile cellular subscriptions, political stability, dan voice and accountability. Sedangkan variabel inflasi secara signifikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap FDI.
Keyword: ASEAN, data panel, FDI, Infrastruktur

Judul: Xylooligosaccharide production of corncobs as prebiotic candidate by high temperature heating and enzymatic hydrolysis.
Abstrak: Corncob waste is a rich xylan source that can be utilized as raw material for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. XOS is a potential prebiotic and has high economic value. Two corn varieties i.e. Bisi and Pioneer were first analyzed for its hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents and xylan yield to choose the corn variety to be studied. Process technology for XOS production was studied using available equipment such as oven. Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) from corncob was produced in two stages i.e. xylan extraction by heating at high temperatures in oven or autoclave as comparison, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Analysis of two corncob varieties showed that Pioneer variety contained higher hemicellulose content (34.98%) and xylan yield (18.32%) than Bisi variety (12.28% and 10.22%, respectively), therefore Pioneer variety was chosen as raw material for XOS production. Corncob particles were soaked in dilute acid (1 g/l H2SO4) for 12 h at 60 oC, filtered and washed with tap water and then heated in oven or autoclave. Before oven heating, The corncobs were added with water at various ratios (1:1 – 1:5) and then heated in oven at various temperature (130 oC, 140 oC, 150 oC for 0.5 h) and autoclave at 121oC for 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h with one and two heating cycles. During heating, the total sugar and reducing sugar were increase, while the degree of polymerization was decrease. The results showed that heating in oven to extract the xylan was affected by the ratios of corncobs and aquadest and heating temperatures. Oven heating (130-150 oC) with optimum ratio of corncobs and aquadest (1:3) successfully increased the xylan content from 3.98% up to 18.21 – 19.46% while repeated heating cycle (two cycles) did not affect the xylan content. Heating the corncobs with aquadest (at the ratio of 1:3) in oven at 130 oC for 0.5 h produced 18.98% xylan and enzymatic conversion of the xylan by xylanase significantly increased the XOS content from 19.60% up to 44.06%. Heating the corncobs in autoclave (121 oC, 0.5 h) followed by enzymatic conversion produced higher XOS content (65.67%). The corncob XOS could stimulate the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum kik and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 by 1.2 until 1.7 unit log, indicating the prebiotic properties. Cookies prebiotic produced by addition of 5% (based on wheat flour) had higher hardness texture (1256 gf) than control without XOS (1067 gf).
Keyword: