Judul: Pengoptimuman Rute Pengangkutan Sampah
Abstrak: Transportation of urban waste from temporary collection location to landfill in Indonesia is a complex problem. The number of regular stops, volume of waste in each regular stop, vehicle types, the number of vehicles, and vehicle capacity affect the decision in determining route of waste collection. Routing optimization is used to obtain an effective and efficient route. The Waste Collection Vehicle Routing Problem (WCVRP) which is a variant of the Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), can be applied to determine optimal route of waste collection. The WCVRP in this manuscript is added by split constraint, which is a constraint that allows the regular stop is visited by more than one vehicles. The objective of this manuscript is to formulate a model in determining route of waste collection which minimizes the travelling cost of vehicles. The model has been applied to determine the route of waste collection in Harapan Mulya and Kemayoran, Kemayoran Suddistrict, Central Jakarta.
Keyword: WCVRP, VRP, split, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Optimization of Waste Transportation Routes in Sampang  Regency Based on Geographic Information Systems
Abstrak: Lingkungan yang bersih merupakan syarat yang sangat diinginkan bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia. Aspek lingkungan yang selalu menjadi masalah di Kabupaten Sampang adalah sampah. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis jalur optimal pengangkutan sampah berdasarkan rute terdekat menuju TPA (Tempat Penampungan Akhir) di Kabupaten Sampang dengan syarat teknis dan standar pertimbangan perkotaan. Total daerah layanan sampah hingga saat ini yaitu mencakup 41 niaga, 15 kantor pemerintahan, dan 54 bangunan kesehatan. Rute tersebut terdapat arah, titik pertama pemberhentian dan titik terakhir pemberhentian untuk pengambilan sampah yang kemudian akan menuju TPA. Penentuan rute didasarkan atas lebar jalan yang mampu dilalui oleh truk sampah serta menghindari dari arus sibuk atau jalan raya yang dapat menghambat proses pengumpulan. Peta rute pengumpulan rencana memiliki simbol titik sebagai tempat pemberhentian kendaraan yang dilengkapi dengan nomor urut sebagai arah atau urutan pengumpulan sampah tiap sumber.
Keyword: Optimalisasi, Rute, TPS 3R

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity