Judul: Pemanfaatan Karang Hias Berkelanjutan di Perairan Teluk Lampung, Kabupaten Pesawaran, Provinsi Lampung.
Abstrak: Indonesia is the main supplier of ornamental coral reef in the world. The second biggest ornamental coral supplier in Indonesia is Lampung Bay, after South Sulawesi. According to the Convention on International in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), ornamental corals are classified in Appendix 2, which means they are species that are not necessarily threatened with extinction, but may become so unless trade in specimens of such species is subject to strict regulation in order to avoid utilization incompatible with the survival of the species in the wild. Therefore, in order to ensure that management of the coral ornamental is sustainable, its abundance based on group size, its biological nature, environmental factors and its utilization should be considered. Data and information were collected and analyzed based on those above aspects. Approximately 90% of ornamental coral species usually characterized as slow growing corals. The commercial types have very high quota in the market. However, during three years of observation, the fishers were only able to deliver approximately 50% of exporter’s orders. The result of the survey taken from 16 stations showed that only 4 species of 24 species that had abundance of ≥2000 ind/ha, the rests had a very low abundance. The evidence of over-exploitation was also found. The ideal management should be based on the potential of ornamental coral in each location, in order to set the Total Allowable Collect (TAC). Based on the calculation of TAC, five species were not recommended for use because they had not only low abundance but also they did not have mature colony for reproduction. Hence the utilization of the other nineteen species should be limited in the range of 2-15% of the existing population in the area. According to value of TAC expected in the future, these species still have the opportunity to increase their population.
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Judul: Keterkaitan Sedimentasi terhadap Kondisi Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Perairan Teluk Lampung Provinsi Lampung
Abstrak: Sedimentation is one of the limiting factor for coral distribution through both the suspended and deposited sediment causing the reduce of light penetration and smothering the polip of coral reefs that can lead to coral death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of sedimentation with conditions of coral reef ecosystem through observing of the sedimentation rate and analyze community of coral reef. The transects were deployed at the three line series perpendicular wuth an interval of 50 m between the line. Each transect was pleaced at every 10 m along the line. Date within the transect were observed using the underwater camera. The images were analyzed by using CPCe software (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). Sedimentation rate was measured by a sediment trap using PVC pipe with a diameter of 5 cm and 11.5 cm in height and partition (baffles) cover at the top. Sediment traps were mounted on a 12 mm diameter steel poles at a height of 20 cm from the bottom. Sediment traps were deployed for 20 days, then the recovered sediment was dried in an oven at 60 0C for 24 hours. Sedimentation rate varied between the stations with a range of values from 3.09 to 44.29 mg/cm2/day. The lowest rate of sedimentation was found in Station 7, while the highest was found at Station 1. Sedimentation rates are generally grouped into light untill moderate condition, whereas in some Stations (1, 3, and 6) showed heavy sedimentation rates. The high rate of sedimentation at Station 3 was probably due to close to the mouth of the river. Coral cover ranged from 8.75 to 60.85%, generally showing moderate categories. Severe damages were found in Station 1, 3, and 6 with a dominant form of massive coral, while good categories were found at Station 9 which located in a relatively remote area of influence of the river and dominated by foliose and brancing form. There was a strong indication of relationship sedimentation and coral reefs cover this research area.
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik