Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Tanaman obat telah digunakan untuk meningkatkan kesehatan dan kesejahteraan hewan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untukmenetapkan parameter standar ekstrak sebagai langkah awal menjamin mutu ekstrak, analisis kandungan zat aktif, mengevaluasi aktivitas antibakteri rimpang lempuyang dan buah mengkudu pada Mycoplasma gallisepticum dan Escherichia coli (in vitro dan in vivo). Hasil ekstraksi menunjukkan semua ekstrak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini memenuhi persyaratan dalam Farmakope Herbal Indonesia. Persyaratan tersebut antara lain nilai rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu total, dan kadar abu tak larut asam. Hasil penapisan fitokimia semua ekstrak mengandung flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, dan tanin. Ekstrak menunjukkan bahwa mengkudu juga mengandung antrakuinon. Uji in vitro dilaksanakan pada ekstrak etanol simplisia, sampel segar, dan jus rimpang lempuyang gajah, lempuyang pahit, lempuyang wangi, dan buah mengkudu. Pengujian aktivitas antibakteri semua sampel pada Mycoplasma gallisepticum dan Escherichia coli, menggunakan metode disc diffusion dan konsentrasi hambat minimum. Uji ini menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Mycoplasma gallisepticum, tetapi hanya kombinasi ekstrak simplisia rimpang lempuyang dan buah mengkudu yang mempunyai aktivitas terhadap Escherichia coli. Ekstrak simplisia lempuyang gajah dan buah mengkudu merupakan kombinasi terbaik sehingga dipilih sebagai kandidat ekstrak pada pengujian in vivo. Uji in vivo menggunakan ayam specific pathogen free yang diinfeksi Mycoplasma gallisepticum dan Escherichia coli. Ekstrak simplisia lempuyang gajah dan buah mengkudu diberikan pada ayam baik secara preventif maupun kuratif selama 14 hari. Hasil uji in vivo kedua ekstrak tanaman ini secara tunggal maupun kombinasi terbukti dapat menurunkan kejadian infeksi chronic respiratory disease pada ayam percobaan. Kombinasi kedua ekstrak dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan, memperbaiki kondisi ayam berdasarkan parameter hematologi dan patologi anatomi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai dasar penggunaan kombinasi ekstrak simplisia lempuyang gajah dan buah mengkudu sebagai alternatif terapi chronic respiratory disease pada ayam.
Keyword: Zingiber zerumbet (L.) Smith, Zingiber amaricans BL., Zingiber aromaticum Val, Morinda citrifolia L., chronic respiratory disease

Judul: Potention of Zingiber officinale, Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma xanthorriza and Andrographis paniculata as anti Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Eschericia coli Agents of Complex Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Abstrak: Zingiber officinale Rosc, Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb and Andrographis paniculata nees are medicinal plants that have been used widely for traditional treatment for human in Indonesia. The herbs have also been used for treatment in animals but they have not been proven scientifically. The advantages of using herbs for treatment compared to antibiotics are the herbs have less resistances, low toxicity and no residual component produce in the body organs. Complex chronic respiratory disease (CCRD) of chickens was known to be infectious and causes high economic losses against poultry industries. The main agent of the disease is Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) and complicated by Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the secondary infection. Antibiotics have been used widely for treatment the disease but the disease is still spread widely in the world up to now. The other disadvantages are bacterial resistance and drug residues have frequently been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potency of four medicinal plants against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) and Eschirichia coli (E. coli) infections. The potencies of those plants were examined using growth inhibition test according to Kirby bauer method. The study was treated as followed: the M. gallisepticum and E. coli were treated with traditional herbs (extract of Zingiber officinale Rosc, kaempferia galanga, Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb and Andrographis paniculata nees) in different concentrations from 0.4% to 50%. The study was provided by negative and positive controls. The negative control was used without treatment on the disc and positive control was using 5 ug enrofloxacin disc. The result of this study showed that the zingiber water extract and zingiber n hexan fraction had good inhibition zones for M. gallisepticum but not for E.coli. No inhibition zones were performed by other herbs against neither M. gallisepticum nor E.coli. Further compound inhibition effect of Zingiber officinale Rosc against M. gallisepticum was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. Gingerol and zingiberen compounds were obtained from this technique and these compounds were suspected to be the main compound causing inhibition. According to literature search, these two compounds are belonging to essential oil.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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