Judul: Effect of Chicken Manure Application Proportion on Production and Terpenoid Levels of Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia) Opal F1 Variety
Abstrak: Paria memiliki rasa pahit dan memiliki banyak metabolit sekunder. Paria mengandung salah satu terpenoid yang bermanfaat sebagai antibakteri, anti radang, antivirus, antifungi, dan insektisida nabati. Pupuk organik digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi buah dan kadar terpenoid pada budidaya organik. Pemenuhan kebutuhan hara pada fase vegetatif dan generatif tanaman, diperlukan proporsi pemberian pupuk dasar dan susulan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan proporsi terbaik pupuk kandang ayam dalam dua kali aplikasi terhadap produksi buah dan kadar terpenoid buah paria varietas Opal F1. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2023–Mei 2024 di Kebun Percobaan Cikarawang, Bogor, Indonesia (6°32'59.0"LS 106°43'42.9"BT). Analisis terpenoid dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika, IPB. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT), 3 ulangan dengan 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu tanpa penambahan pupuk kandang (kontrol), aplikasi pupuk kandang 100% sebelum tanam, aplikasi pupuk kandang 50 sebelum tanam dan 50% setelah tanam, aplikasi pupuk kandang 70% sebelum tanam dan 30% setelah tanam. Dosis pupuk kandang ayam yang diberikan ke lahan sebesar 30 ton ha-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pupuk organik dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, bobot basah dan bobot kering brangkasan dan luas daun. Pemberian pupuk kandang ayam meningkatkan bobot per buah, panjang buah, diameter tengah buah, ketebalan daging buah, edible portion, jumlah buah layak panen per tanaman, jumlah buah layak panen per plot, produktivitas per plot, serta produktivitas ha-1 dibandingkan tanpa pupuk organik. Nilai produktivitas ha-1 dan jumlah buah pertanaman tertinggi pada proporsi pemupukan 70%:30% dengan 24,26 ton ha-1 dan 3,9 buah layak panen per tanaman. Kadar terpenoid antar perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata dan berada pada kisaran 1,82–2,03 mg NE g-1 simplisia dengan nilai terendah pada kontrol, sedangkan produksi terpenoid pada kisaran 160,4–583,3 mg NE 2,25 m-2 dengan nilai terendah pada kontrol., Bitter melon has a bitter taste and has many secondary metabolites. Thefruit of bitter melon contains terpenoid compounds that are useful as anantibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-fungal and vegetable insecticide.Organic fertilizer is used to increase fruit production and terpenoid levels withorganic cultivation. To fulfill the nutrien demand during the vegetative andgenerative phases of plants, the correct proportion of basic and subsequentfertilizer applications is necessary. This research aims to determine the bestproportion of chicken manure in two applications on fruit production and theterpenoid content of bitter melon fruit Opal F1 variety. The experiment was carriedin December 2023–May 2024 at the Cikarawang experimental Field of IPBUniversity Bogor, Indonesia located at 6°32'59.0"S 106°43'42.9"E. The terpenoidanalysis was conducted at the Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center Laboratory,IPB. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD), 3replications with 4 treatments levels namely without adding manure (control),100% manure application before planting, 50% manure application beforeplanting and 50% after planting, 70% manure application before planting and 30%after planting. The dose of chicken manure 30 tons ha-1. The research resultsshowed that the addition of chicken manure could increase the leaf numbers, plantheight, branch numbers, fresh weight and dry weight of stover and leaf area. Theapplication of chicken manure increases fresh weight per fruit, fruit length, middleand tip diameter of fruit, thickness of fruit flesh, edible portion, number ofharvestable fruit per plant, number of harvestable fruit per plot, yield
Keyword: organic fertilizer, edible portion, organic cultivation, productivity

Judul: Growth and Production of Bitter Gourd 'Opal F1' and 'Oktan F1' with Various Doses of Single Anorganic Fertilizer N, P, and K
Abstrak: Paria (Momordica charantia L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas tanaman sayuran dari famili Curcubitaceae, merupakan tanaman herba semusim, merambat, dan memiliki rasa yang pahit. Tanaman paria mengandung senyawa fitokimia yang bermanfaat untuk kesehatan manusia, seperti triterpenoid, flavonoid, senyawa fenolik, alkaloid, dan saponin. Terdapat beberapa varietas paria yang sudah dibudidayakan di Indonesia antara lain dari PT. East West Seed Indonesia (Ewindo), misalnya varietas Opal F1 dan Oktan F1. Penentuan dosis optimum untuk kedua varietas perlu diuji untuk pencapaian pertumbuhan dan produksi yang optimal. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian ini di Kebun Percobaan IPB Cikarawang, Dramaga, Bogor yang dimulai bulan Januari hingga April 2023. Penelitian terdiri atas 2 set percobaan terpisah, yaitu untuk varietas Opal F1 dan Oktan F1. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam masing-masing percobaan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan sehingga terdapat 12 satuan percobaan. Adapun taraf perlakuan adalah dosis pupuk anorganik yang meliputi pupuk urea, SP-36, dan KCl, yaitu 0; 50; 100; dan 150% dari dosis rekomendasi untuk mengetahui dosis pupuk optimum N, P, dan K pada tanaman paria. Berdasarkan rekomendasi dari PT. East West Seed Indonesia, pemupukan untuk paria per tanaman adalah 25 g urea, 24 g SP-36 dan 14 g KCl. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk tunggal N, P, dan K meningkatkan karakter pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman paria varietas Opal F1 dan Oktan F1. Hubungan antara dosis pupuk dan bobot buah per tanaman masih linier. Produksi buah paria Opal F1 per tanaman tertinggi adalah 469,90 g dengan 100% dosis pupuk rekomendasi sedangkan produksi buah paria Oktan F1 per tanaman tertinggi adalah 473,82 dengan 150% dosis pupuk rekomendasi. Berdasarkan uji t, didapatkan perbedaan yang nyata pada peubah bobot dan panjang per buah paria Opal F1 dan Oktan F1., Bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.) is a member of Curcubitaceae family and classified as a herbaceous annual, vine, and is known to have a bitter taste. Bitter gourd contains phytochemical compounds that are beneficial for human’s health such as triterpenoids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, alkaloids, and saponins. There are several varieties of bitter gourd that have been cultivated in Indonesia, including varieties from PT. East West Seed Indonesia (Ewindo), for example Opal F1 and Oktan F1 varieties. The determination of the optimum dose for both varieties need to be tested for the achievement of optimal growth and production. Therefore, this research was carried out at the IPB Cikarawang Experimental Station, Dramaga, Bogor starting from January to April 2023. This study consisted of 2 separate sets of experiments, namely for Opal F1 and Oktan F1 varieties using a one-factor Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD), namely single fertilizer dose of N, P, and K with various doses 0, 50, 100, 150% of recommendation rate. The recommendation rate of fertilizer follows PT. East West Seed Indonesia 25 g urea, 24 g SP-36, and 14 g KCl. The results showed that the application of single fertilizers N, P, and K increased the growth and production character of bitter gourd plants of Opal F1 and Oktan F1 varieties. The relationship between fertilizer dose and fruit weight per plant is still linear. The highest
Keyword: Curcubitaceae, hara daun, Momordica charantia L., pigmen buah

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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