Judul: Model prediksi awal musim hujan di Pulau Jawa dengan menggunakan informasi suhu muka laut di kawasan Pasifik dan India
Abstrak: The rainfall variability is one of an important role to play onset of wet season. This research aims to analyze that SST (Sea Surface Temperature) exerting an influence on rainfall onset over Java. The significant scale (15°S – 15°N; 80°E- 100°W) of SST patterns are observed to derive a potential predictor rainfall onset over Java. The onset wet season is define as the first 10-day that receive at least 50 mm followed by 2 consecutive 10-days. In Java generally it starts from 1 September. In this study, The regression Multivariate method was offered to develop a rainfall onset model prediction based on SST circulation patern. The principal component and regression technique are improved to achieve a better models and cross validation technique were applied to validate models. Domain predictor of models were derived using spatial correlation analysis result between Rainfall onset data each ZOM over Java and SST anomaly from Indian Ocean to Pacific Ocean during 1978-2007 . There are 28 from 30 ZOM which have potential predictors that be trained to models. The high spatial coherence of the rainfall onset is SST pattern at Juni-Juli-August that represent SST on eastern equatorial Pacific as characteristic of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), SST on Western Sumatera Island as characteristic of Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IOD) and SST on around Java region as Characteristic of local condition. Three representative correlation patterns of Java Rainfall onset with SST Indian-Pacific area are investigated that clarify of ENSO, IOD and local condition. Verification result for those models showed promising skill prediction during test in year of 2008 with standart deviation 10 days. In Java generally, skill prediction when rainfall onset advanced exhibited better result than skill prediction when it delayed. The Indonesian ocean area that has local characteristic have influenced better rainfall onset over Java than others. It indicated that models which developed using predictor of Indonesian SST have better skill prediction than SST of Indian or pacific ocean area. However, predictor which has combination domain area of Indonesian SST and Pacific have main influenced rainfall onset over Java. It can be explained that 18 ZOM’s model have been using predictor from those domain.
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Judul: Prediksi Awal Musim Hujan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan Menggunakan Data Anomali Suhu Muka Laut
Abstrak: The Province of South Sulawesi is one of the centers for national paddy production with 7% contribution from total paddy production in national level. The increasing of paddy production depends on the water availability. Moreover, the water availability is always associated with the onset of rainy seasons, because if an area has the forward or backward of onset of rainy season, it will influence the water availability and crop calendar. In order to onset of rainy seasons, to reduce the farmer’s loss and to protect the food stability level in Indonesia, it needs to identified the areas which have the sensitivity for the onset of rainy season’s variability to climate control factors like ENSO and IOD. This research has been conducted to study the correlation between onset of rainy seasons (AMH) in South Sulawesi and sea surface temperature anomaly (AnoSML) in Pacific Ocean and Sulawesi Sea, to determine the domain of sea surface temperature predictor which has influence the onset of rainy seasons in South Sulawesi and to develop the onset of rainy season model prediction in South Sulawesi based on the sea surface temperature anomaly in Pacific Ocean and Sulawesi Sea. This research has been conducted using daily rainfall data during 30 years (1980-2010) from rainfall stations in South Sulawesi, sea surface temperature anomaly data for 4 domains i.e. Nino 3 region, Nino 3.4, Nino 4 and Sulawesi Sea on June, July, August and September (JJAS) during 30 years. The first analysis of data was conducted with the examination of observation daily rainfall data and selection of rainfall stations which are used for the development of the rainy season onset prediction model. Further analysis was conducted to determine the onset of rainy seasons using Moron’s method (five days of daily rainfall data/pentad analysis). The result of pentad analysis was used to calculate Principle Component Analysis (PCA) which was used to determine the cluster of rainfall stations. The correlation analysis was then calculated between the onset rainy seasons on each cluster and AnoSML data on JJAS. The last analysis was conducted for development of onset rainfall season model prediction and verification of the model. Based on the checking of observation daily rainfall data with the data availability >70%, there were 45 chosen stations for onset of the rainy season analysis. The result of AMH analysis showed that the average of AMH for whole stations was on the 348th Julian Date (JD) or on 14th December. The highest AMH was obtained at Stasiun BPP. Panincong (PNCG) in Soppeng District with 473th Julian Date or on 18th April. Otherwise, the lowest AMH was obtained at Stasiun BPP. Keera (KERA) in Wajo District with 278th Julian date or on 5th October. The result of PCA analysis showed that there were six PCs which were explained variability of data ± 80%. Based on the PC clustering, there were 3 clusters of rainfall stations. Cluster 1 has 13 rainfall stations which are spread in 9 districts i.e. Bantaeng District, Bulukumba, Enrekang, Gowa, Luwu, Maros, Pinrang, Soppeng and Wajo District. On Cluster 2, there are 10 rainfall stations
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Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Kompleks Fe(III)-Kuersetin
Abstrak: Quercetin belongs to flavonols which is able to chelate metal ions. Quercetin may chelate metal ions at 3’,4’-catechol, 3- or 5-hydroxycromone sites. In this study, quercetin was complexed with Fe(III). The complex with Fe(III) ions from FeCl3·6H2O was more stable than the complex derived from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. The quercetin was yellow in color and showed maximum wavelengths (λ􀭫􀭟􀭶) at 250 and 370 nm. The Fe(III)-quercetin complex from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O was yellowish green with 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 at 280 and 420 nm, whereas that from FeCl3·6H2O was dark green with 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 at 280 and 430 nm. The 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 shift indicated that the complex was formed at 3-hydroxychromone site. The Fe(III)- quercetin complex was formed with 1:1 metal-ligand mole ratio based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis and the X-ray diffractogram showed that the crystallinity of the complex was 37%.
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