Judul: Identification of Genetic Polymorphism at Exon 4 Growth Hormone Gene within Peranakan Etawah, Saanen and PESA Goat Using PCR-SSCP Metho
Abstrak: Ternak kambing di Indonesia memiliki potensi produktivitas yang cukup tinggi sebagai penghasil daging dan susu yang berperan sebagai sumber daya genetik ternak yang perlu dikembangkan. Gen growth hormone (GH) merupakan gen hormon anabolik yang disintesis dan disekresikan oleh kelenjar pituitary. Gen GH dengan fungsi dan posisinya yang potensial telah digunakan secara luas sebagai marker pada beberapa ternak, termasuk kambing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keragaman gen GH di exon 4 pada kambing PE (Peranakan Etawah), Saanen dan PESA (Persilangan PE-Saanen) dengan metode polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Genetika Molekuler Ternak, Bagian Pemuliaan dan Genetika Ternak, Departemen Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada Februari hingga Juli 2011. Sampel darah kambing yang digunakan berjumlah 240 sampel koleksi laboratorium. Sampel darah kambing PE berasal dari populasi Ciapus (20 sampel), Cariu (28 sampel) dan Sukajaya (50 sampel). Sampel kambing Saanen berasal dari populasi Cijeruk (20 sampel), Cariu (31 sampel) dan Sukabumi (40 sampel). Sampel kambing PESA berasal dari populasi Cijeruk (7 sampel), Cariu (25 sampel) dan Balitnak (19 sampel). Sampel DNA diamplifikasi menggunakan primer yang mengacu pada Malveiro et al. (2001) yaitu forward 5’-GGA AGG GAC CCA ACA ATG CCA-3’ dan reverse 5’-CTG CCA GCA GGA CTT GGA GC-3’. Produk amplifikasi polymerase chain reaction (PCR) digenotiping dengan metode single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) pada gel poliakrilamid 10% dan pewarnaan perak (silver stainning). Data dianalisis berdasarkan frekuensi genotipe dan alel, Keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg dan nilai heterozigositas pengamatan. Keragaman gen GH exon 4 pada kambing PE, Saanen dan PESA ditemukan empat alel, yaitu alel D, E, G dan H. Frekuensi alel tertinggi yaitu alel D (0,605) pada kambing PESA, alel E (0,800) pada kambing PE, alel G dan H (0,500) pada kambing Saanen dan PESA. Jumlah genotipe yang diperoleh empat macam, yaitu genotipe DD, DE, EE dan GH. Frekuensi genotipe tertinggi yaitu, DD (0,211) pada kambing PESA, DE (1,000) pada kambing PE dan PESA, EE (0,600) pada kambing PE dan GH (1,000) pada kambing Saanen dan PESA. Uji Chi-Kuadrat menunjukkan bahwa gen-gen ini secara umum tidak berada dalam Keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg (P<0,01). Nilai heterozigositas pengamatan (Ho) gen GH exon 4 pada bangsa kambing PE, Saanen dan PESA masing-masing 0,691, 0,950 dan 0,922, dengan demikian gen GH exon 4 pada ketiga bangsa kambing memiliki polimorfisme yang tinggi.
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Judul: Eksplorasi Gen Growth Hormone Exon 3 Pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE), Saanen Dan Pesa Melalui Teknik PCR-SSCP
Abstrak: This research was conducted to identify genetic polymorphism at the exon 3 growth hormone gene in three goat breeds. Polymorphisms at exon 3 growth hormone gene was identified by single strand conformational polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) method. The DNA of 234 goat used were Etawah Grade (98 samples), Saanen (92 samples) and their crossbred (44 samples) in Cariu, Ciapus, Sukajaya, Cijeruk, Balitnak and Sukabumi. The PCR-SSCP method was performed at 250 V for 8 hours using 12% of acrylamide concentration. The result showed that the annealing temperature is 60 0C. The PCR product was 157 bp (base pair). The result SSCP method found four conformational patterns. The genotype frequency in exon 3 are AA (0,205), AB (0,856), AC (0,163) and BC (0,045). Beside that it was found three allele (allele A, B, and C). The highest frequencies were allele A (0,602) and B (0,443) at Saanen, Etawah Grade and their crossbred goat. The highest genotype frequency was AB at three goat breeds. The highest heterozygosity was found in Etawah Grade, Saanen and their crossbred goat (0,938). Exon 3 GH gene on three breeds goat have high polymorphism in six population.
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Judul: Web based decision support system integrated with a time and  expense transaction system of a consulting firm
Abstrak: Each day companies are turning to Information Technology for the answers to questions concerning competitive advantage and perfonnance measurements. It is due to this reason that consulting companies in specific utilizes a decision support system to integrate directly to a transactional processing system of the respective company into its database to gain direct insights into the lowest level of the organization. With the advent of the Internet, consulting companies are even more aggressive in applying the above means through a thin client web solution. It is considered a ,;ost effective solution and are centralized in nature of its processing but distributed in its view and ease of use. Through this means, not only enabling the ease for a consultant to report his/her activity, it enables managers to make decision and pin point problems from anywhere he is accessing from, which is connected to the Internet. Furthennore, it also gives clients the ability to view necessary details without the hassle of generating them from scratch.
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