Judul: Genetic Analysis of Quantitative and Fruit Cracking Characters in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.).
Abstrak: Tomato fruit cracking had became one of the problems in lowland cultivation. Morphology characterization of twenty five tomato genotypes were carried out to evaluate the fruit cracking tolerance level and the genetic diversity. Ten genotypes were selected to estimate variance and heritabilities of crack index character, yield and component of yield, fruit and vegetative character and then six genotypes were selected to conduct a 6×6 full diallel cross set of tomato to estimate genetic parameter, combining ability and hybrid performance. The experiment was conducted from April until August 2012 and from April until August 2013 at Leuwikopo Field Station (6o56‟34‟‟S, 106o72‟56‟‟E), Bogor Agricultural University. Randomized complete block design was used with three replications. The genetic diversity was analyzed by clustering analysis. Marker character were selected based on heritabilities value and correlation between character. Genetic parameter was analized by Hayman method and combining ability was analyzed by Griffing Method. The difference between the hybrids and varieties comercial was analyzed by Dunnet‟s tested. Result of resistance evaluation showed that fruit crack index of 25 tomato genotypes range from 0.00 to 20.58. According to quantitative character some genotype can be selected as material breeding. Based on genetic diversity analysis, all genotypes could be divided into four groups. Tomato genotypes IPBT1, IPBT3, IPBT13, IPT33, IPBT60, IPBT64, IPBT73, IPBT 78, IPBT83 dan IPBT86 were recommended as parent of diallel cross to fruit cracking genetic analysis. The marker selection on tomato breeding program to develop tomato varieties that have high yield and fruit cracking resistant using characters with high heritabilities value, correlated significantly and directly influent to the fruit crack index. Fruit cracking character, yield and components of yield, fruit character and vegetative character include to the high category of heritability. According correlation and path analysis the three components very highly correlated with crack index were fruit crack weight percentage of plant, number of fruit crack percentage of plant and total soluble solids. The three components that very highly correlated with yield per plant were marketable fruit weight, individual fruit weight and plant height. Fruit cracking character is controlled by additive and dominant gene effect, but dominant effect more significant than additive effect. Based on genetic parameter and combining ability, the control of additive as well as v non-additive gene effects for all of the character were highly significant. The highest significant reciprocal effect occurs for yield per plant, number of fruit, individual fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of locule and fruit thickness. The analysis of variance for general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for all traits. Pure line varieties breeding programs could be developed if variance for GCA were highly significant and the genotype parent has a good estimated GCA value. Tomato genotype IPBT78 proved to be the best general combiner for yield and yield components. Hybrid varieties breeding programs developed if variance for SCA were highly significant and the genotype parent has a good estimated SCA value. The most recommended cross combinations are IPBT3×IPBT78, IPBT78×IPBT3, IPBT13×IPBT78 and IPBT64×IPBT78. Hybrids performance show that some character are better than commercial variety
Keyword: correlation, diallel, genetic diversity, Griffing method, Hayman method

Judul: Inheritance of quantitative characters of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) to lowland
Abstrak: The main problem of the cultivation of tomato plants in Indonesia is the limited varieties which have high yield potential, good fruit quality and well adapted at lowlands. The extensification in the highlands is quite difficult to do. Therefore low and medium land were subjected to the extensification for planting tomato in the future. The research involved three activities, i.e. (1) characterization of tomato germplasm and criteria selection for high tomato yield at lowlands, (2) estimation genetic parameters traits using diallel crosses and (3) performance of F1 tomato high yield at lowlands. The objective of the first activity was to obtain parental candidates for estimating genetic parameters with characterization using principal component analysis and clusters analysis. The germplasm of tomato was characterized into three groups, namely group I (IPBT1, IPBT4, IPBT8, IPBT13, IPBT58, IPBT83 and IPBT84), group II (IPBT3, IPBT23, IPBT30, IPBT33, IPBT34, IPBT53 and IPBT57) and group III (IPBT80). Good character used for the selection fruit of weight per plant at lowlands are weight per fruit and fruit size. The objective of second activity was to study of inheritance of both characters quality and quantity of tomatoes. The objective of third activity was to obtain a better hybrid of commercial hybrid varieties. The results showed there are no interaction between loci. Fruit length, fruit width, fruit size, weight per fruit, fruit flesh thickness, total soluble solid and weight of fruit per plant traits were influenced by additive and dominant factors. Number of locule and number of fruit per plant traits were influenced by additives factor. Broad and narrow sense heritability of all the characters were high. The parents which had a good general combining ability for fruit length, fruit width, fruit flesh thickness, fruit size, weight per fruit and fruit weight per plant were IPBT1, IPBT13 and IPBT84, whereas those for number of fruits per plant and number of locule were IPBT30 and IPBT33. Hybrid IPBT1 × IPBT13, IPBT84 × IPBT1, IPBT1 × IPBT84 were the best hybrids for high yield at lowlands, whereas IPBT33 × IPBT30 and IPBT30 × IPBT33 were the best hybrid for small tomatoes.
Keyword: combining ability, genetic parameters, genotypes, hybrids, tomatoes

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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