Judul: Rancang Bangun Alat Penanam Benih Kedelai Manual Terintegrasi dengan Sepatu Kerja Petani
Abstrak: Upaya peningkatan produktivitas kedelai dapat dilakukan dengan mekanisasi saat penanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk merancang penanam benih kedelai manual terintegrasi sepatu kerja petani. Prosedur penelitian dimulai dari perancangan, pabrikasi, sampai dengan pengujian prototipe. Tugal dirancang dengan memanfaatkan bobot tubuh manusia yang tertumpu pada tumit untuk membuat lubang tanam. Kedalaman penanaman benih kedelai 3-5 cm, menjadi salah satu kriteria utama dalam perancangan. Komponen utama penanam benih ini terdiri dari: hopper, metering device, dan penyalur benih. Penyalur benih diintegrasikan dengan sepatu petani sehingga dihasilkan dua alur tanam dalam sekali berjalan. Pengujian alat dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan dengan metode continous pattern. Rataan hasil pengujian benih tertanam tugal kanan adalah 53.26 % dan tugal kiri 49.27 %. Hasil tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kondisi tanah yang meliputi kadar air tanah (KA) pada lahan uji berkisar 26.96 - 28.99 %; densitas tanah (ρ) = 840–920 kg/m³; tahanan penetrasi tanah (TPT) pada kedalaman 0-5 cm 54 433.86–159 114.36 Pa. Adhesi tanah-alat tugal kiri berkisar 1.25–4.37 Pa dan tugal kanan berkisar 1.46–4.58 Pa. Rataan jarak tanam adalah 19.88 cm; kedalaman lubang 3.46 cm; diameter lubang 5.40 cm Rataan kapasitas lapang efektif (kle) hasil pengujian adalah 42.30 m²/jam; kapasitas lapang teoritis (klt) 45.12 m²/jam dan efisiensi lapang (ef) 93.74 %.
Keyword: Alat tanam, kedelai, sepatu petani

Judul: Desain Mesin Penanam Kedelai dengan Pengolahan Tanah Alur
Abstrak: Upaya peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas kedelai di Indonesia dapat dilakukan di antaranya melalui mekanisasi dalam pengolahan tanah dan penanaman kedelai. Efisiensi tenaga dalam kegiatan pengolahan tanah dan penanaman dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengintegrasikan pngolahan tanah dalam alur dan penanaman benih. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendesain mesin penanam kedelai terintegrasi dengan pengolahan tanah alur menggunakan tenaga gerak traktor beroda-2. Penelitian ini dimulai dari proses perancangan, pabrikasi prototipe, sampai dengan pengujian kinerja prototipe. Sebuah traktor tangan yang dilengkapi unit pengolah tanah rotari digunakan sebagai sumber tenaga dan pengolahan tanah dua alur, dengan mengatur posisi dan jumlah pisau rotari yang digunakan. Dua unit penanam benih kedelai dengan penjatah tipe piringan bercelah dan digerakkan oleh sebuah roda bantu didesain untuk menanamkan benih kedelai pada jarak tanam 20 cm dan jarak antar alur 40 cm. Hasil pengujian kinerja menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan tanah alur dan penanaman benih sudah cukup baik. Benih yang tertanam berjumlah satu atau dua benih per lubang, pada jarak tanam 18-23 cm, kedalaman tanam benih 3.5-5 cm, dan jarak antar alur 35-43 cm. Pada kecepatan maju 0.341 m/s, kapasitas lapangan efektif dari prototipe mesin penanam rata-rata 781.48 m2/jam, kapasitas lapangan teoritisnya 920.10 m2/jam, dan efisiensi lapangan 84.93%.
Keyword: mesin penanam, pengolahan tanah alur, kedelai, traktor beroda-2, desain.

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite