Judul: Identifikasi dan Pola Resistansi Escherichia coli dari Sampel Asal Sapi Perah di Desa Baba, Enrekang
Abstrak: Sapi perah merupakan komoditas unggulan peternakan di Kabupaten Enrekang. Namun, pemeliharaan ternak masih dilakukan secara sederhana, tradisional, di lahan sempit, dan limbah ternak dibiarkan tanpa pengelolaan dengan baik. Hal tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya kontaminasi bakteri di lingkungan. Contoh bakteri yang dapat mengontaminasi lingkungan peternakan adalah Escherichia coli. Kontaminasi dapat menyebabkan infeksi akibat bakteri pada sapi perah sehingga membutuhkan pengobatan dengan cara pemberian antibiotik yang tepat. Sejauh ini, data terkait kejadian resistansi antibiotik asal air minum dan air bilasan ambing sapi belum banyak dipublikasikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keberadaan bakteri Escherichia coli dan pola resistansi pada air minum dan air bilasan ambing sapi di Desa Baba, Enrekang. Hasil isolasi dan identifikasi menunjukkan sebanyak 15 dari 23 sampel positif terhadap Escherichia coli. Uji resistansi antibiotik dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test dengan 7 macam antibiotik dari golongan yang berbeda-beda. Hasil uji resistansi menunjukkan bahwa Escherichia coli 100% masih sensitif terhadap gentamisin, kloramfenikol, tetrasiklin, dan siprofloksasin. Sementara itu, sampel telah resistan terhadap ampisilin (26,6%), sefotaksim (26,6%), dan seftriakson (6,67 %). Terdapat 1 isolat mengalami multidrug resistance.
Keyword: antibiotics, dairy cattle, E. coli, E. coli antibiotic resistance

Judul: Gambaran Resistensi Escherichia coli Isolat Asal Feses Sapi dari Wilayah Bogor terhadap Antibiotik.
Abstrak: Penggunaan antibiotik pada ternak dengan takaran yang tidak sesuai dapat memicu terjadinya resistensi antibiotik. Salah satu bakteri yang telah mengalami resisten terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik adalah Escherichia coli. E. coli seringkali dikaitkan sebagai agen primer maupun sekunder yang menyebabkan penyakit kolibasilosis pada hewan muda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat resistensi E. coli yang diisolasi dari feses sapi perah terhadap antibiotik aztreonam, basitrasin, sefpodoksim, enrofloksasin, fosfomisin, gentamisin, dan kloramfenikol. Resistensi antibiotik diuji berdasarkan metode Kirby Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa E. coli telah mengalami resisten terhadap antibiotik basitrasin dengan presentase sebesar 100%, dan fosfomisin dengan presentase 20%. E. coli bersifat intermediet terhadap antibiotik fosfomisin sebesar 60%, gentamisin 40%, sefpodoksim 30% dan kloramfenikol 10%. Selain itu, E. coli juga bersifat sensitif terhadap antibiotik aztreonam dan enrofloksasin dengan presentase sebesar 100%, kloramfenikol 90%, sefpodoksim dan gentamisin dengan presentase sebesar 60%, dan fosfomisin 20%.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, sensitivitas, antibiotik

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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