Judul: Introduksi gen hordothionin pada tanaman kentang (solanum tuberosum) kultivar atlantik
Abstrak: Hordothionin adalah suatu protein anti bakteri yang terdapat pada endosperma tanaman barley. Untuk mendapatkan ketahanan terhadap penyakit akibat serangan bakteri pada tanaman kentang, dilakukan suatu seri percobaan yang dilaksanakan di laboratorium Biologi Molekuler dan Seluler Tanaman, Pusat Penelitian Bioteknologi IPB. Percobaan pertama adalah regenerasi dua kultivar kentang dalam berbagai kombinasimedia regenerasi untuk mendapatkan media regenerasi yang efektif dalam meregenerasikan eksplan. Hasil dari percobaan ini didapatkan media yang terbaik untuk pembentukan tunas pada kultivar Atlantik.
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Judul: Transformasi Genetik Kentang (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Kultivar Kennebec Dengan Gen Hd3a
Abstrak: Kentang merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang ditanam secara luas di dunia. Kentang mengandung karbohidrat yang tinggi dan asam amino esensial yang baik untuk nutrisi manusia sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu bahan diversifikasi pangan. Pembungaan sangat penting untuk perakitan varietas baru melalui persilangan seksual. Hd3a dapat menginduksi pembungaan pada beberapa spesies dan menginduksi pembentukan umbi pada kentang kultivar Andigena. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan transformasi genetik kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) kultivar Kennebec dengan gen Hd3a dibawah kendali promoter rolC. Transformasi genetik dilakukan melalui bantuan Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 yang mengandung plasmid p2KI-Hd3a dengan metode ko-kultivasi. Ruas tanaman digunakan sebagai eksplan. Seleksi terhadap kalus dan tunas transgenik putatif dilakukan dengan media MS 20 mg/L higromisin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa transformasi terhadap kentang kultivar Kennebec menghasilkan efisiensi transformasi sebesar 20%, sedangkan efisiensi regenerasi sebesar 100%. Penelitian ini menghasilkan dua tunas transgenik putatif.
Keyword: Hd3a, kultivar Kennebec, Solanum tuberosum L., transformasi genetik

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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