Judul: Sistem Pengelolaan dan Kontribusi Hutan Rakyat Sengon Terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Masyarakat Baduy Luar Di Desa kanekes Kabupaten Lebak Banten
Abstrak: Salah satu masyarakat tradisional yang menerapkan aturan adat dalam pengelolaan hutannya adalah masyarakat Baduy. Masyarakat Baduy terbagi menjadi dua, Baduy Dalam dan Baduy Luar. Baduy Dalam adalah masyarakat Baduy yang masih mempertahankan aturan adatnya dengan ketat, sedangkan Baduy Luar adalah masyarakat Baduy yang telah menerima kebudayaan dari luar. Saat ini masyarakat Baduy Luar mulai mengusahakan sengon (Albizia falcataria) sebagai tanaman eksotik padahal pengusahaan tanaman eksotik dilarang adat dikarenakan untuk menjaga spesies tanaman lokal dari tanaman asing. Penelitian ini menganalisis perkembangan pengusahaan hutan rakyat sengon pada masyarakat Baduy Luar dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk mendapatkan gambaran dan informasi mengenai pengusahaan hutan rakyat sengon pada masyarakat Baduy Luar. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diketahui bahwa latar belakang pengusahaan hutan rakyat adalah ekonomi, hal ini berkaitan dengan keinginan masyarakat Baduy Luar untuk meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangganya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian juga didapatkan bahwa secara umum sistem pengelolaan hutan rakyat pada masyarakat Baduy Luar sama dengan sistem pengelolaan di tempat lain namun ada beberapa perbedaan, perbedannya meliputi : asal bibit, alat pemanenan dan sistem pengangkutan. Kontribusi pendapatan hutan rakyat terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga masih tergolong kecil, dan besarnya masih dibawah 10% (7,73%). Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa hutan rakyat masih merupakan sumber pendapatan sampingan.
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Judul: Kelembagaan Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Hutan Masyarakat Adat Baduy Desa Kanekes, Kecamatan Leuwidamar, Kabupaten Lebak, Propinsi Banten
Abstrak: Baduy is a traditional society in Indonesia who still keep the custom and tradition of their anchestor. Baduy society have uniqueness of traditional knowledge in their forest resources management. Its related with their tradition and the effect of anchestors credentials. The Baduy society lifelihood cannot be released from pikukuh (a guide, tradition, life regulation and credentials) that they obedient, which used for control their life. Pikukuh is a hereditary legal heir from their anchestors and never changed. Yet, the outside cultures developed make pikukuh changed, especially in Baduy Luar. In some cases, the Baduy society starts to leave their obedient to pikukuh, include the way to make decision about conservation in their society. The research purpose are to analyze the traditional knowledge and the experience of Baduy society in managing their forest resources, involving the conservation decision making. This research is a quality qualitative research which use the participant observation method by associate with the society and observe their social life. Eventhough a lot of the introduce of culture come inside, Baduy society have a traditional knowledge for generation. Baduy experiences in manage the foest give an effect balances in ecology
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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