Judul: Strategi Pemberdayaan Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau dan Kabupaten Buleleng
Abstrak: Perhutanan Sosial (Social Forestry) merupakan sistem pengelolaan hutan yang dilakukan oleh individu, komunitas, atau kelompok, pada lahan negara, lahan komunal, lahan adat atau lahan milik (individual/ rumahtangga) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan individu/ rumahtangga dan masyarakat, serta diusahakan secara komersial ataupun sekedar untuk subsistensi. Program Kehutanan Masyarakat atau Perhutanan Sosial dimulai pada akhir 1970-an, ketika kekhawatiran atas peningkatan laju deforestasi yang menyebabkan pertanyaan tentang kontrol negara dan kapasitasnya dalam pengelolaan dan perlindungan sumber daya hutan secara lestari. Tujuan pemerintah melalui program Perhutanan Sosial adalah untuk: 1). dapat mengurangi angka kemiskinan masyarakat sekitar hutan; 2). dapat memberikan akses legal pengelolaan kawasan hutan; dan 3). memperbaiki kondisi hutan. Penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan belum memberikan perhatian pada faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan pemberdayaan pada Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial (KPS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara modal KPS dan modal fasilitator serta proses-proses pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh fasilitator terhadap keberdayaan KPS, sehingga dapat disusun model strategi pemberdayaan KPS. Penelitian dilakukan di 7 (tujuh) Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial di Kabupaten Buleleng Provinsi Bali dan 8 (delapan) KPS di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, 1 (satu) KPS di Kabupaten Palangkaraya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah yang dipilih secara purposive. Setiap KPS dipilih 30 orang anggota KPS sebagai responden. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Keberdayaan Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial (KPS) berhubungan kuat dengan Modal Fisik KPS, Modal Manusia KPS, Modal Fisik Fasilitator, Modal Manusia Fasilitator dan proses pemberdayaan. Peningkatan pada modal Manusia KPS, Modal Fisik Fasilitator, Modal Manusia Fasilitator dan proses pemberdayaan akan meningkatkan keberdayaan KPS. Disisi lain, intervensi terhadap modal fisik KPS yang dilakukan dengan proses yang tidak tepat akan menyebabkan penurunan pada keberdayaan KPS. Strategi efektif untuk meningkatkan keberdayaan KPS adalah dengan melakukan peningkatan Modal Manusia KPS melalui proses-proses pemberdayaan yang tepat., Social Forestry is a forest management system carried out by individuals, communities, or groups, on state land, communal land, customary land, or private land (individuals/households) to meet the needs of individuals/households and communities and is cultivated commercially or simply for subsistence. The Community Forestry or Social Forestry program began in the late 1970s when concerns over increasing deforestation rates raised questions about state control and its capacity to sustainably manage and protect forest resources. Poor communities around forests, overlapping forest areas, and deforestation are problems that will be resolved through Social Forestry as the government's goals through the Social Forestry program are: 1). can reduce the poverty rate of communities around the forest; 2). can provide legal access to forest area management; and 3). improve forest conditions. Previous studies have not paid attention to the factors that influence the success of empowerment in Social Forestry Groups (KPS). The research objective are to explain the relationship between KPS capital and facilitator capital and the empowerment processes carried out by the facilitator on KPS empowerment; and to develop a model of empowerment strategy for Social Forestry Groups The research was conducted on seven Social Forestry Groups in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province and eight KPS in Pulang Pisau Regency, one KPS in Palangkaraya Regency, Central Kalimantan Province which were selected purposively. For each KPS, 30 KPS members were selected as
Keyword: Social Forestry Group, Social Forestry Grop Capital, Facilitator Capital, Community Empowerment Strategy

Judul: The Effectiveness of the Social Forestry Acceleration Policy in Central Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: Perhutanan sosial merupakan program yang bertujuan untuk melakukan pemerataan ekonomi dan mengurangi ketimpangan ekonomi melalui tiga pilar yaitu: lahan, kesempatan usaha dan sumber daya manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan strategi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan efektivitas implementasi kebijakan Perhutanan Sosial di Sulawesi Tengah. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara mendalam (indepth interview) dengan menggunakan kusioner. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan teori analisis pemangku kepentingan (Reed et al. 2009), efektivitas kebijakan (Edward III 1980), dan analisis SWOT yang dikembangkan oleh Rangkuti (2016). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terhambatnya percepatan perhutanan sosial disebabkan oleh keterbatasan SDM, keterbatasan anggaran, kurangnya komunikasi antara pengelola, sikap pelaksana yang tidak sinergis dengan kebijakan yang telah dibuat serta birokrasi yang tidak memahami terhadap tujuan dari sebuah kebijakan perhutanan sosial. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka starategi yang dibutuhkan dalam percepatan perhutanan sosial adalah (1) membangun komunikasi antara stakeholder. (2) meningkatkan pengetahuan sumberdaya (3) menjalin kerjasama antara lembaga yang memiliki kewenagan yang sama dan (4) meningkatkan pemahaman stakeholder dan memberi solusi terhadap percepatan perhutanan sosial di Sulawesi tengah. . Kata kunci: efektivitas perhutanan sosial, kebijakan, sinergitas stakeholder, strategi, Social forestry is the program that aims to achieve economic equity and reduce economic inequality through 3 pillars, that's are : land provision, business opportunities, and human resources development. This research aims to formulate policy strategies to improve the effectiveness of social forestry in Central Sulawesi. Data collection was carried out by in-depth interviews using questionnaires which were analyzed descriptively based on the theory of stakeholder analysis (Reed et al. 2009), policy effectiveness (Edward III 1980), and analysis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threads (SWOT) developed by Rangkuti (2016). The result shows that the acceleration of social forestry program is hampered by the limitations of human resources and budget, lack of communication between management, the implementers attitude that do not synergy with policies that have been made as well as bureaucracy who do not understand the goals of a social forestry program. The strategy that needed to accelerate of social forestry programs are (1) intensify communication between stakeholders, (2) increases human resources knowledge, (3) collaborates between institutions that have the same authority, and (4) improves the understanding of stakeholders regarding to the acceleration of social forestry programs in Central Sulawesi. Keywords: social forestry, policy effectiveness, stakeholders, synergy,strategy
Keyword: social forestry, policy effectiveness, stakeholders, synergy, strategy

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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