Judul: Studi Pembungaan dan Perkembangan Buah Serta Viabilitas Polen Pohon Gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii)
Abstrak: Gyrinops versteegii is a potential agarwood tree which should be developed and cultivated. In purpose of widely cultivated, information of fruit and flower development is needed. The aim of this research was to study fruit and flower development and the viability of pollen of agarwood tree. Morphology of flower and fruit studies were carried out in the field, while the anatomical observation and viability of pollen were carried out in laboratory. The result showed that generative bud generally had 1-15 flowers. The flower belongs to a perfect flower, with a racemose inflorescense. Amount of stamen, petal and sepal are varied within 3-8. Sepal and petal arranged in radial form. The colour of flower is green-yellowish. Length of flower 10-18 mm. Flower bud grew to form full flower about 13-27 days. After 7-20 days after anthesis flower formed a fruit. Fruit became yellowish in the fifth week after anthesis. Percentage of fallen flower was about 88,8%. The shape of fruit is circular, green, and when ripening the colour of rind is orange. The fruits have started ripening at 8-11 week after anthesis. The seed is 2 generally in each fruit. Percentage of fallen fruit was about 61,9%. Pollen viability were tested by stainning technique with eithers stain. Pollen viability was determined by either anilin blue 1% or I2KI 1% staining technique. Viability was depended on the stainer used. Viability with I2KI 1% (96,4% - 98,9%) was higher than those with anilin blue 1% (88,3% - 97,7%).
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Judul: Kajian Penggunaan Hormon IBA, BAP dan kinetin terhadap Multiplikasi Tunas Tanaman Penghasil Gaharu (Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke) secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Agarwood is one of non timber products which has a high economic value. Nowadays, the demand of agarwood is still depending on natural forest. The high demand which is followed by high persecution of agarwood in natural forest make the population of agarwood highly decreased. In order to straighten up the agarwood production, the government with the President decision (Keppres No 43/1978) decide that to whom the exporter who has agarwood has to have a CITES license. The conservation to some variety of agarwood is increased; Aquilaria spp. and Gyrinops spp. Was included in Appendix II CITES on Oktober 2nd until 14th 2004 at Bangkok. This research was aimed to know the best combination of auxin (IBA) and cytokinin (BAP and kinetin) in basic medium of Murashige and Skoog towards the multiplications of Agarwood production plant explants by in vitro. The plant material that was used was the sterile explants sprout of G. versteegii. Explants was grew in MS medium with the addition of growth hormone IBA (concentration of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 mg/l), BAP (concentration of 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 mg/l) and kinetin (concentration of 0.00, 0.20, 0.40 mg/l). This research was arranged using the RAL Factorial with 17 of treatments in 6 times repetition. The observation was done in 8 weeks after planting to all of explants that had been planting include some parameters such as the height growth, , internodes total, buds total, total of leaves, the mortality percentage, callus production process, browning and contamination. The result of this research showed that the combination treatment of BAP+IBA that produced the most of total average leaves was in the treatment of BAP 0.10 mg/l (22.83 sheets), whereas in combination of BAP + kinetin that produced the most of total average leaves was in the treatment of BAP 0.10 mg/l + kinetin 0.20 mg/l (30.00 sheets). The buds multiplication in treatment with BAP + IBA worked optimally in 4 MST, with the total of 7.00 of buds in the end of observation which produced by the treatment of BAP 0.10 mg/l + IBA 0.05 mg/l. The highest bud multiplication was produced from the combination of BAP and kinetin in the treatment of BAP 0.10 mg/l + kinetin 0.40 mg/l and BAP 0.20 mg/l with the total of 9.17 of buds. The percentage of explants that produce callus was 88,24% (90 of 102 explants). The conclusion of this research was the effect of the addition of plant growt regulator combination of IBA (concentration of 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 mg/l) with BAP (concentration 0.00, 0.10, 0.20 mg/l) and IBA (concentration 0.00, 0.05, 0.10 mg/l) with kinetin (concentration 0.00, 0.20, 0.40 mg/l) give the real response in parameter number of buds and leaves. Whereas on parameter like the height growth and internodes total give real and not different response.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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