Judul: Pengembangan bionanokomposit film berbasisi pati tapioka dan nanopartikel ZnO dengan plasticizer gliserol
Abstrak: Cassava starch is able to form transparent coatings and flexible films without using any chemical additives. However, films made from cassava starch only is poor in functional packaging properties. The main objective of this study was to enhance functional packaging properties of casava starch films by using zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) as reinforcing agent, and glycerol as plasticizer. Cassava starch/ZnO nanocomposite films were prepared at 4 levels of ZnO-NPs (0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 3.0 % by weight of starch) and 15 % of glycerol by weight of solid (cassava starch + ZnO-NPs). In this study, plasticized starch-ZnO nano-composite filmss were prepared by nanodispersion technique followed by solution casting method, and were analysed to determine its mechanical properties by tensile tests, the glass-transition temperature (Tg) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and antimicrobial properties against three bacterial strains that commonly contaminate food products, e.g. Escerichia coli, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The improvement in mechanical properties could be achieved with plasticization and ZnO-NPs incorporation. The incorporation of ZnO-NPs 3 % significantly induced antibacterial activities of the cassava starch films against Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus. Moreover, the glass-transition temperature of cassava starch increased with the increasing ZnO-NPs concentrations. Our results suggest that cassava starch films containing ZnO-NPs could be used as antibacterial food packaging material
Keyword: antibacterial packaging, ZnO nanoparticles, nanocomposite films, cassava starch film, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Film Berbasis Pati Beras Diinkorporasi dengan Nanopartikel ZnO
Abstrak: This study aimed to develop rice starch-based antimicrobial film with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) incorporation. ZnO-NPs were synthesized by hydrothermal method and their formation was confirmed by using XRD analysis. The synthesized ZnO-NPs showed an average diameter size of 79.25 ± 0.69 nm with spherical shape under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nanoparticles were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at different concentrations (1, 3, and 5 %, w/v) and found effective against both microorganisms. The ZnO-NPs (3 %, w/w) was selected for the incorporation into rice starch-based (5 %) antimicrobial film with sorbitol as plasticizer via solution casting method. Physical, mechanical, chemical and antimicrobial properties of the films were examined. Presence and distribution of nanoparticles in the film were confirmed with SEM and FTIR. Incorporation of ZnO-NPs significantly decreased (p<0.05) the transparency (2.64 ± 0.01), solubility (19.24 ± 0.78 %), WVP (0.04 ± 0.00 x 10-10 g m/m2 Pa s), and elongation at break (37.18 ± 2.71 %), while increased the lightness (89.72 ± 0.04) and tensile strength (9.14 ± 0.75 MPa) of the film were observed (p<0.05). The rice starch/ZnO-NPs film showed antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. These results suggest that rice starch/ZnO-NPs film had the potential to be used as an active packaging material. Keywords: antimicrobial packaging, nanocomposite film, nanoparticles, rice starch, zinc oxide, Studi bertujuan untuk mengembangkan film anti mikroba berbasis pati beras diinkorporasi dengan nano partikel ZnO (ZnO-NPs). ZnO-NPs disintesis dengan metode hidrotermal dan pembentukannya dikonfirmasi dengan menggunakan analisis XRD. ZnO-NPs yang disintesis menunjukkan ukuran diameter rata-rata 79.25 ± 0.69 nm dengan bentuk bulat dengan analisis SEM. Aktivitas antimikroba ZnO-NPs diuji terhadap bakteri Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif; Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi yang berbeda (1, 3, dan 5%, b/v) dan efektif terhadap kedua mikroorganisme. ZnO-NPs (3%, b/b) dipilih untuk diinkorporasikan ke dalam film anti mikroba berbasis pati beras (5%) dengan sorbitol sebagai plasticizer dengan metode solution casting. Sifat fisik, mekanik, kimia dan anti mikroba dari film diuji. Keberadaan dan distribusi partikel nano padafilm dikonfirmasi dengan SEM dan FTIR. Inkorporasi ZnO-NPs pada film berbasis pati beras secara signifikan menurunkan (p<0.05) transparansi film (2.64 ± 0.01), kelarutan film (19.24 ± 0.78 %), WVP (0.04 ± 0.00 x 10-10 g m/m2 Pa), dan elongation at break (37.18 ± 2.71 %), sementara terjadi peningkatan kecerahan film (89.72 ± 0.04) dan kekuatan tarik film (9.14 ± 0.75 MPa) (p <0.05). Film berbasis pati beras dengan inkorporasi ZnO-NPs menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri yang diuji. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa film pati beras / ZnO-NPs memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan kemasan aktif. Kata kunci: film antimikroba, film nanokomposit, nanopartikel, pati beras, seng oksida
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Antimicrobial packaging, Nanocomposite film, Hidrotermal, Sorbitol, Inkorporasi

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular