Judul: Sintesis Oksida Grafena dari Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum verum) sebagai antibakteri. Dibimbing
Abstrak: Perkembangan penelitian material baru mengalami kemajuan hingga saat ini, salah satunya ialah oksida grafena. Oksida grafena merupakan material tipis yang berbentuk poliaromatik. Oksida grafena berpotensi besar dalam berbagai aplikasi, salah satunya adalah antibakteri. Kayu manis digunakan sebagai bahan dasar sintesis oksida grafena yang merupakan sumber karbon dari bahan alam. Oksida grafena disintesis menggunakan modifikasi metode Hummers. Penelitian ini menunjukkan spektrum ultraviolet adanya puncak serapan pada 227.9 nm. Spektrum inframerah memperlihatkan gugus O-H, C=C, C-OH, dan C-O. Hasil analisis difraksi sinar X menggambarkan puncak 2θ pada sudut 25.38o dengan nilai kristalinitas 26.57%. Berdasarkan analisis particle size analyzer, oksida grafena memiliki ukuran 95.41 nm. Bakteri yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu Staphylococcus aureus sebagai gram positif dan Escherichia coli sebagai gram negatif. Hasil pengujian antibakteri ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona bening sehingga oksida grafena memiliki aktivitas antibakteri.
Keyword: antibakteri, kayu manis, metode Hummers, oksida grafena

Judul: Sintesis Oksida Grafena dari Tempurung Kelapa untuk Aplikasi Antibakteri.
Abstrak: Penelitian material baru terus berkembang hingga saat ini, salah satunya ialah oksida grafena. Oksida grafena merupakan senyawa dengan lapisan tipis yang terdiri atas karbon berbentuk planar. Gugus-gugus fungsi yang terdapat pada oksida grafena antara lain gugus hidroksil, epoksida, karbonil, dan karboksil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis oksida grafena menggunakan metode Hummers yang dimodifikasi untuk diaplikasikan sebagai material antibakteri. Bahan baku yang digunakan adalah tempurung kelapa. Penelitian ini menggunakan Staphylococcus aureus yang mewakili bakteri Gram positif dan Escherichia coli yang mewakili bakteri Gram negatif. Hasil analisis spektrum ultraviolet menunjukkan puncak serapan pada 232 nm. Spektrum inframerah memperlihatkan gugus fungsi C-H, C-O, O-H, dan C=C. Hasil analisis difraksi sinar X menggambarkan puncak 2θ pada sudut 22,52º dengan nilai kristalinitas 6,85%. Berdasarkan analisis particle size analyzer, oksida grafena memiliki ukuran rata-rata 33,79 nm. Hasil pengujian antibakteri ditandai dengan terbentuknya zona bening sehingga oksida grafena memiliki aktivitas antibakteri.
Keyword: antibakteri, metode Hummers, oksida grafena, tempurung kelapa

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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