Judul: Enkapsulasi Insulin Menggunakan Kitosan- Kolagen sebagai Aplikasi Insulin Per Oral.
Abstrak: Insulin adalah hormon peptida yang diproduksi sel β pankreas dan berperan dalam mengendalikan kadar gula dalam darah. Fungsi kinerja pankreas pada penderita diabetes terganggu sehingga tidak dapat memproduksi insulin. Saat ini penyediaan insulin untuk penderita diabetes masih terbatas berupa injeksi harian. Oleh karena itu, enkapsulasi insulin menggunakan polimer alami untuk aplikasi insulin per oral diharapkan dapat menjadi solusinya. Kapsul kitosan-kolagen pada penelitian ini dibuat melalui metode gelasi ionik dengan bantuan natrium tripolifosfat dengan nisbah kitosan-kolagen 1:1, 1:3, dan 1:5. Interaksi yang terjadi antara kitosan dan kolagen merupakan interaksi secara fisik yang ditandai dengan pergeseran spektrum infra merah pada bilangan gelombang -OH dikisaran 3500 cm-1. Hasil efisiensi terbesar ditunjukkan pada nisbah kitosan:kolagen 1:5, yaitu 56%. Pelepasan insulin tertinggi pada kondisi simulasi usus terjadi pada menit ke-360 dengan persen pelepasan 93%.
Keyword: enkapsulasi, insulin, kitosan, kolagen, NaTPP

Judul: Enkapsulasi Metformin dengan Kitosan Nano Partikel sebagai Obat Antidiabetes Tipe II
Abstrak: Metformin sebagai obat antidiabetes tipe II merupakan obat yang terbukti ampuh. Metformin memiliki bioavailabilitas 50-60% dengan waktu paruh yang yaitu 1,5-3 jam. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan modifikasi metformin agar dapat mengurangi efek sampingnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkarakterisasi nanopartikel kitosan berupa morfologi, ukuran partikel, gugus fungsi, dan membandingkan waktu paruh kitosan-metformin dengan metformin terhadap tikus galur Sparague dawley. Proses enkapsulasi antara kitosan dan metformin berhasil dilakukan. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan ukuran kitosan membesar setelah proses enkapsulasi dengan meformin, peningkatan ukurannya sebesar 92,24 nm. Selain itu, hasil uji FTIR yang menunjukkan adanya penggabungan gugus fungsi kitosan dengan metformin dan terlihat pada foto SEM yang dihasilkan. Hasil uji in vivo menunjukkan bahwa kitosan-metformin dapat 4% lebih efektif menurunkan gula darah dibandingkan metfromin. Selain itu, dapat menurunkan gula darah hingga 4 jam.
Keyword: diabetes tipe II, metformin, nanokitosan, nanoenkapsulasi, nanokitosan-metformin

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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