Judul: A Design of Portable Smart Surveillance Device Based on IoT for Perishable Goods Logistics
Abstrak: During transportation, restricted surveillance processes have triggered discrepancies, especially for perishable goods highly vulnerable to environmental factors. Conventional fleets are unable to monitor real-time delivery and goods conditions. Late in capturing and informing abnormal circumstances, causing product spoilage is arduous to prevent. The establishment of technology 4.0, such as the emergence of the internet of things (IoT) and artificial intelligence, offers solutions. This study presented a design of a smart surveillance device for perishable goods logistics based on IoT. Firstly, a requirements analysis is the basis for developing a prototype of the IoT system to monitor the transportation process in real-time. Then, one machine learning technique, specifically artificial neural network (ANN) predicted the remaining shelf life and the engine state during the shipment process. Finally, a developed warning mechanism establish to deal with abnormal conditions, such as sudden coolant failure or fraud in refrigerator settings. The prototype development deployed DHT sensors, SW-420 sensors, a GPS module, and a microcontroller to display all smart surveillance features proposed in this study, specifically, temperature, humidity, current fleet location, shelf life, engine state, and early warning in real-time. ANN model predicted the quality of goods, represented by the remaining shelf life and engine state, on or off, well with an accuracy of 97,96% and 92,93%, respectively. It is necessary to add other relevant environmental parameters to the predictive modeling of the quality of goods. This work was helpful for logistics managers in ensuring the quality of goods to the customers., Proses pemantauan yang terbatas selama transportasi memicu beberapa ketidaksesuaian, terutama untuk barang yang mudah rusak dimana sangat rentan terhadap faktor lingkungan. Armada konvensional tidak mampu memantau pengiriman dan kondisi barang secara real-time. Keterlambatan dalam menangkap dan menginformasikan kondisi abnormal menyebabkan kerusakan produk sulit untuk dicegah. Kehadiran teknologi 4.0, seperti internet of things (IoT) dan kecerdasan buatan, menawarkan solusi untuk permasalahan ini. Penelitian ini menghadirkan rancangan perangkat pemantauan cerdas untuk logistik barang yang mudah rusak berbasis IoT. Pertama-tama, analisis kebutuhan dilakukan untuk mengembangkan prototipe berbasis sistem IoT yang mampu memantau proses transportasi secara real-time. Salah satu teknik pembelajaran mesin, khususnya jaringan saraf tiruan (JST), digunakan untuk memprediksi sisa umur simpan dan status mesin selama proses pengiriman. Untuk mengatasi kondisi abnormal, seperti kerusakan pendingin mendadak atau penipuan dalam pengaturan pendingin, mekanisme peringatan dikembangkan. Prototipe yang dikembangkan dengan menggunakan sensor DHT, sensor SW-420, modul GPS, dan mikrokontroler telah mampu menampilkan semua fitur pemantauan cerdas yang diusulkan dalam penelitian ini yaitu temperatur, kelembaban, lokasi armada saat ini, umur simpan, status mesin, dan peringatan dini secara real-time. Model JST memprediksi kualitas barang, yang direpresentasikan oleh sisa umur simpan, dan kondisi mesin, hidup atau mati, dengan akurasi masing-masing 97,96% dan 92,93%. Untuk memperkaya efikasi penelitian ini, perlu ditambahkan parameter lingkungan lain yang relevan dengan pemodelan prediktif kualitas barang. Penelitian ini bermanfaat bagi manajer logistik untuk memastikan kualitas barang kepada pelanggan.
Keyword: ANN, IoT, perishable goods, smart surveillance

Judul: Design of a Real-Time Temperature and Meat Quality Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things during Distribution at PT XYZ
Abstrak: Agroindustri memiliki peran penting dalam mengolah hasil produk pertanian, termasuk daging sapi yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi namun mudah rusak. Untuk menjaga kualitas daging sapi selama distribusi, PT XYZ menghadapi tantangan dalam pengawasan suhu dan kualitas produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem monitoring suhu dan kualitas daging secara real-time menggunakan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Metode penelitian mencakup eksplorasi masalah, pendefinisian masalah, ideasi solusi, pengembangan prototipe, serta uji dan validasi sistem. Pada tahap eksplorasi, ditemukan bahwa fluktuasi suhu selama distribusi menyebabkan kerusakan produk. Oleh karena itu, solusi yang diusulkan adalah implementasi IoT untuk pemantauan suhu dan kualitas secara real-time. Prototipe yang dirancang terdiri dari perangkat keras seperti mikrokontroler, sensor suhu, dan modul Wi-Fi, serta perangkat lunak berbasis web untuk menampilkan data. Pengujian perangkat keras menunjukkan bahwa sensor memiliki tingkat kesalahan yang dapat diterima, sementara perangkat lunak berhasil menampilkan data suhu dan kualitas (TVB) serta grafik selama distribusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem monitoring suhu dan kualitas daging berbasis IoT dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi rantai pasok dingin di PT XYZ. Sistem ini mampu mengurangi kerusakan produk dengan pemantauan real-time, meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan dan daya saing perusahaan., The agro-industrial sector plays an important role in processing agricultural products, including beef, which has high economic value but is highly perishable. To maintain beef quality during distribution, PT XYZ faces challenges in monitoring temperature and product quality. This study aims to design a real-time temperature and quality monitoring system for beef using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to address these challenges. The research methodology includes problem exploration, problem definition, solution ideation, prototype development, and system testing and validation. During the exploration phase, it was found that temperature fluctuations during distribution cause product damage. Therefore, the proposed solution is the implementation of IoT for real-time temperature and quality monitoring. The designed prototype consists of hardware such as a microcontroller, temperature sensor, and Wi-Fi module, as well as web-based software to display the data. Hardware testing showed that the sensors have an acceptable error rate, while the software successfully displayed temperature and quality (TVB) data and graphs during distribution. The research results indicate that the IoT-based temperature and quality monitoring system can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the cold supply chain at PT XYZ. This system can reduce product damage with real-time monitoring, increasing customer satisfaction and the company's competitiveness
Keyword: Internet of Things (IoT), sistem monitoring, Rantai Pasok Dingin, Distribusi Daging Beku

Judul: Codiaeum Malesia
Abstrak: The Malesian genus Codiaeum has been revised based on the morphological character using available herbarium collections in Herbarium Bogor iense and loan specimens from Rijksherbarium Leiden. The study is based on the observation of 350 specimens. Eleven species have been recognized, namely Codiaeum variegatum, C. luzonicum, C. palawanense, C. trichocalyx, C. megalanthum, C. cilliatum, C. affine, C. tenerifolium dan C. hirsutum, C. macgregorii, C. ludovicianum. number of species is found in the Philippines The highest (8 species), Two species (C. tenerifolium and C. ludovicianum) endemic in Lousiade Archipelago of the New Guinea and C. affine endemic in Banguey Island. C. variegatum is widespread by nature or in cultivation almost in all of Malesian region. C. cillia tum is a species in the earliest level among the other species according to 20 selected characters.
Keyword: Codiaeum, Malesia