Judul: Stand-alone GIS Application for Wildlife Distribution and Habitat Suitability (Case Study: Javan Gibbon, Gunung Salak, West Java)
Abstrak: The synthesis of wildlife-habitat studies, multivariate habitat analysis, and wildlife mapping techniques is very promising to provide a basis for impact assessment and mitigation, conservation and monitoring of wildlife (Morrison et al., 1992). In contrast, case studies of the synthesis still have been rarely done in Indonesia. The need of it is obvious considering that Indonesia has a lot of protected areas. In this context, developing such GIS application which carrying the synthesis could be useful to support designing management plan in spatial basis. The case study in order to test the system performance is javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Gunung Salak considering to its status as a critically endangered and keystone species for Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park. The GIS Application is developed by using iterative and incremental approach. The development has two phases, that is initial phase or requirement analysis and construction phase. In the initial phase, the intended system and its needed functionalities were determined, whereas in the construction phase the functionalities were further analyzed, designed, and finally implemented. The system was tested using the spatial data which represents habitat factor of javan gibbon and the performance of the system was examined. The concerned system, namely SUITSTAT, was succesfully built. It is equipped with data preparation and habitat suitability model functionalities. Including in data preparation is basic geoprocessing, ecogeographical variable generation, and species distribution mapping. The habitat suitability model follows decision rules based method, specifically Simple Additive Weighting, which comprises of weight calculation based on presence data, standardization, and score calculation. The suitability habitat information is available in spatial and chart format. Based on system assessment, most of processes were performed well. Some drawbacks are existed which addressed for future development, such as refinement of dissolve algorithm and data preparation functionalities. The suitability model was constructed by ten ecogeographical variables, which are the area of primary and secondary forest, the area that containing 0 – 15% slope, the area that containing 15-45% slope, the area that containing more than 45% slope, the area that containing lowland and submontane forest, the distance to river, road, and non-habitat area. These ecogeographical variables were extracted from landcover, elevation-based forest ecosystem, rivers and roads data, and slope data. The model outcome shows that Mt. Salak area consists of 13.20% (17.53 km2), 26.25% (34.86 km2), 19.40% (25.77 km2), 4.16% (5.53 km2), and 20.17% (26.78 km2) for high-suitable, suitable, moderate suitable, less and low suitable level subsequently, from total area of 13278.34 ha. It also consists of not suitable area for 12.69 km2 or 9.56% from the total area.
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Judul: Pemetaan Kesesuaian Habitat Owa Jawa (Hylobates Moloch Audebert, 1798) Di Cagar Alam Gunung Tilu Kabupaten Bandung Dengan Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis
Abstrak: Javan gibbon is an endemic species in West Java and it is categorized as endangered species now (IUCN, 2008). Javan gibbon habitat is sentralized in lowland forest and mountain forest, one of that are situated at Gunung Tilu Protected Area (GTPA). However the area has been facing many problems which resulted from human activites such as stealing the forest products, and the existence of tea plantation in this protected area. The research objectives is to develop the habitat suitability map of Javan gibbon in GTPA utilizing Geographic Information System (GIS). Javan gibbon habitat suitability mapping was initiated by collection the spatial and attribute data, such as digital map, data survey, and literature. This mapping was based on some habitat variable which determine the Javan gibbon habitat suitability, namely Leaf Area Index (LAI), accesibility (elevation and slope), and distance from road. Variables then were analyzed with GIS and produced thematic map for each variable. Javan gibbon distribution survey data in GTPA by KONUS (Konservasi Alam Nusantara) was used for determine the weight value of habitat variable using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Result of PCA were utilized as weight to determine Javan gibbon habitat suitability model. Furthermore, the model analyzed by using scoring and overlay methode. The habitat suitability map were reclassified into three suitability class. The result showed that there were 10263,125 hectaresof low suitability habitat (suitability value 2,088-7,1081), 6197,3125 hectares of medium suitability habitat (7,1081-14,2162), 8538,5625 hectares of high habitat suitability (>14,2162). The model validation achieve 87,5% for high siutability habitat.
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Judul: Transisi Fasa Materi Hadronik ke Materi Kuark pada Inti Bintang Neutron.
Abstrak: Bintang neutron terdiri dari beberapa lapisan yang disusun oleh materi nuklir yang berbeda dengan kerapatan yang semakin tinggi ketika mendekati pusat bintang. Inti luar bintang neutron disusun oleh materi hadronik (nukleon, lepton, dan hyperon), sedangkan inti dalam bintang neutron disusun oleh kuark-kuark bebas (up, down, strange) yang saling berinteraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari bagaimana transisi dari inti luar ke inti dalam bintang neutron dengan menggunakan pendekatan RMF (Relativistic Mean Field) untuk materi hadronik dan CIDDM (Confined Isospin Density Dependent Mass) untuk materi kuark. Tekanan transisi diperoleh ketika potensial kimia barion materi hadronik dan materi kuark bernilai sama. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-TM1 sekitar 87 MeV/fm3 dan diperoleh massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.92M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.62 km. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-G2 sekitar 53 MeV/fm3 dan massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.88M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.16 km. Jenis transisi fasa adalah orde satu ditandai dengan diskontinuitas dalam kerapatan energi (adanya mixed phase). Parameter-parameter pada model nuklir yang digunakan menyebabkan perbedaan kekakuan persamaan keadaan (EOS) dari materi hadronik dan materi kuark sehingga nilai tekanan transisi dari fasa hadronik ke fasa kuark juga berbeda.
Keyword: bintang neutron, persamaan keadaan, transisi fasa