Judul: Improvement of Green Grass (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) Jelly’s Production Process and Its Effects on Physical and Functional Properties
Abstrak: Green grass jelly known to have functional efficacies of good health. Unfortunately, production process of green grass jelly is still relatively simple and it can be easily damaged if stored longer because it shall have syneresis and contaminated by high amounts of microbes. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of steaming and addition of NaHCO3 and hydrocolloid on physical, organoleptic and health functional properties of green grass jelly. Steaming can reduce the amount of microbial contamination on green grass jelly. However, steaming also has negative effects, i.e. decrease gel strength, increase level of syneresis, and changing the color of green to be brownish. The addition of NaHCO3 was expected to prevent the formation of brownish color. Hydrocolloid was also expected to reduce the level of syneresis and improve gel strength after steaming. Productions of green grass jelly in the conventional way use the ratio of green grass jelly leaves with water at 1:15. NaHCO3 concentration was determined based on the pH need to reduce the degradation of chlorophyll, i.e. pH of 7 and pH of 8. NaHCO3 concentrations used in the formulation were 0% (as control), 0.125% (to reach pH about 7), and 0.583% (to reach pH about 8). Based on the analysis of taste, NaHCO3 concentration of 0.125% was chosen because it is tasteless. Based on the analysis of color, NaHCO3 concentration of 0.125% has the most negative a value, meaning that the gel has greenest color. Based on the rate of syneresis, NaHCO3 concentration of 0.125% has the lowest rate of syneresis. In addition, the change in pH that occurred is not too volatile. NaHCO3 concentration used was 0.125%. The optimum gelling time was 2.5 hours since it has the highest viscosity value. Alginate could not be used because it does not form a gel when mixed with the green grass extract, with or without CaCO3. LMP and mixture of alginate and LMP could not be used because it could not form a gel when mixed with green grass extract without the use of CaCO3. The addition of CaCO3 resulted in lighter green color. Hydrocolloid that can be used is the mixture of kappa and iota carrageenan in the ratio of 1:1. By determination the variance of 0.25%, the concentrations of carrageenan which could form a good gel structure were 1.25% to 3.00%. Based on the analysis of texture, the carrageenan concentration which gave insignificantly different texture from commercial green grass jelly was 2.00%. Moreover, it has not too volatile pH changes. On the syneresis parameter, addition of 2.50% carrageenan was able to produce the lowest syneresis rate compared to other concentrations. Based on the analysis of color, carrageenan concentrations that produced insignificantly different color with the color of commercial green grass jelly was 2.00%. In addition, the concentration of 2.25% was also considered to be close to the color of green grass jelly commercial. It is also supported with a good rupture strength value of green grass jelly with the addition of 2.25% carrageenan. Sensory analysis showed the best carrageenan concentration was 2.00%. Steaming could
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Judul: Gel Cincau Hijau (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) Manis yang Diperkaya dengan Antioksidan dan Flavor Ekstrak Pandan, Lemon, dan Suji
Abstrak: Green grass jelly is a functional food that has many beneficial healt effects, such as an anticancer. Traditional green grass jelly is susceptible to syneresis and of microbial contamination, resulting in a decrease in quality. Previous studies showed that the addition of carrageenan and NaHCO3 has resulted in pasteurized green grass jelly with exterded shelf life. The purpose of this study were to obtain the best formulation of green grass jelly with the addition of pandan, lemon, and suji extracts based on its physical and sensory properties, and to study its functional and microbiological characteristic. Jelly with 10% pandan extract and 5% lemon juice were known to have lower syneresis and was accepted by the panelist. Therefore, were selected as the best product. Lemon flavored jelly was better than pandan jelly in term of antioxidant and total phenol. The antioxidant capacity in green grass jelly with lemon juice was 0.5184 mg AEAC/g w.b and total phenol was 29.6407 mg GAE/g w.b. The antioxidant capacity of green grass jelly with pandan extract was 0.3375 mg AEAC/g w.b and total phenols was 21.9382 mg GAE/g w.b. However, pandan jelly contain a higher amount of chlorophyll (0.0230 mg/g w.b) than the lemon jelly (0.0185 mg/g w.b). Total plate count result showed the bacterial content was < 2,5 x 102 CFU/g, this value met the requirement of SNI that is < 1,0 x 104 CFU/g.
Keyword: antioxidants, pandan leave extract, lemon juice, green grass jelly

Judul: Biologi Troides helena helena dan Troides helena hephaestus (Papilionidae) di Penangkaran
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan beriklim tropik dengan berbagai tipe habitat dan ekosistem. Kondisi alam Indonesia merupakan habitat yang cocok bagi berbagai fauna termasuk kupu-kupu. Diperkirakan sekitar 4 000 – 5 000 jenis kupu-kupu terdapat di Indonesia. Troides helena merupakan salah satu kupu-kupu yang memiliki kombinasi warna sayap indah dan berukuran besar, sehingga menarik perhatian kolektor kupu-kupu. T. helena termasuk satwa yang diperdagangkan dan telah memasukkan devisa dari subsektor kehutanan Indonesia. Untuk mencegah dari kepunahan karena eksploitasi yang berlebihan, maka pemerintah melindungi T. helena melalui PP No. 7 Tahun 1999. Semua genus Troides masuk dalam daftar Appendix II CITES, sehingga perdagangan jenis ini harus merupakan hasil budi daya di penangkaran.
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