Judul: Application of Feed Supplement Nanocalcium-Vitamin D, or Protease Enzymes to Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Fattening Sheep
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fermentasi rumen pada domba penggemukan dengan suplementasi nanokalsium-vitamin D, enzim bromelin atau enzim papain. Ternak yang digunakan adalah 12 ekor domba ekor tipis dengan bobot badan awal 13,8 ± 1,36 kg. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas empat perlakuan yaitu P0 (rumput pakchong 30% + konsentrat 70%) sebagai kontrol, P1 (P0 + nanokalsium-vitamin D 5,06 g kgBB-1 hari-1), P2 (P0 + enzim bromelin 108 mg kgBB-1 hari-1), dan P3 (P0 + enzim papain 108 mg kgBB-1 hari-1). Peubah yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, populasi protozoa, populasi total bakteri, NH3, VFA total, VFA parsial, produksi CH4, kadar kalsium, dan kadar allantoin rumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan nanokalsium-vitamin D, enzim bromelin, dan enzim papain tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai pH, populasi protozoa, populasi total bakteri, konsentrasi NH3, VFA total, VFA parsial, produksi CH4, kadar allantoin, namun berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap peningkatan kadar kalsium dalam rumen. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplementasi nanokalsium-vitamin D, enzim bromelin, atau enzim papain pada domba tidak mengganggu aktivitas fermentasi di dalam rumen., This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of rumen fermentation in fattening sheep with supplementation of nanocalcium-vitamin D, bromelain enzyme, and papain enzyme. A total of 12 thin-tailed sheep with an initial body weight of 13.8 ± 1.36 kg was used in this study. This study used a Completely Randomized Block (CRBD) consisting of four treatments, namely P0 (pakchong grass 30% + consentrate 70%) as control, P1 (P0 + nanocalcium-vitamin D 5.06 g kgBW-1 day-1), P2 (P0 + bromelain enzyme 108 mg kgBW-1 day-1), and P3 (P0 + papain enzyme 108 mg kgBW-1 day-1). Parameters measured included pH value, protozoa population, total bacteria population, NH3, total VFA, partial VFA, CH4 production, calcium level, and allantoin level in the rumen. The results showed that the treatment of nanocalcium-vitamin D, bromelain enzyme, or papain enzyme had no significant effect (P>0.05) on pH value, protozoa population, total bacteria population, NH3 concentration, total VFA, partial VFA, CH4 production, and allantoin levels. Still, they significantly increased (P<0.05) the rumen calcium levels. Supplementation of nanocalcium-vitamin D, bromelain enzyme, or papain enzyme in sheep does not interfere with fermentation activity in the rumen.
Keyword: bromelin, fermentasi rumen, nanokalsium, papain

Judul: Pemberian Suplemen Katalitik .dan Probiotik pada Domba.
Abstrak: Ketersediaan pakan yang cukup jumlah maupun mutunya secara berkesinambungan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan pengembangan ternak. Pakan merupakan sarana produksi yang sangat penting untuk pertumbuhan ternak. Suplemen adalah campuran bahan pakan yang akan digunakan bersama dengan bahan makanan lain guna memperbaiki keseimbangan zat-zat makanan atau penampilan hewan secara keseluruhan. Suplementasi bertujuan meningkatkan kecernaan maksimal dengan mengoptimalkan mikroorganisme pencema serat. Suplemen katalitik adalah campur:::n bahan pakan sebagai makanan tambahan untuk pertumbuhan badan domba. Demikian halnya dengan suplemen mikroba yang umumnya disebut probiotik yang berfungsi memperbaiki komposisi mikroflora usus sehingga mengarah kepada dominasi bakteri-bakteri yang menguntungkan kesehatan dan mengatur keseimbangan mikroba di dalam saluran pencernaan ternak untuk memacu pertumbuhan ternak dalam memperbaiki produksi ruminansia. Dalam upaya meningkatkan bobot badan dan memaksimalkan produksi ternak yang berkualitas, pemberian suplemen pada pakan ternak sangat penting diperhatikan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk membandingkan efektifitas penambahan suplemen katalitik dan probiotik pada pertambahan bobot badan domba. Penelitian ini menggunakan domba 24 ekor. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial 2x3, dengan 4 kelompok ulangan. Faktor A adalah jenis kelamin (jantan dan betina) dan faktor B adalah 3 perlakuan pakan. Pakan basal adalah hijauan kualitas rendah. Suplemen katalitik yang digunakan (gelatin sagu, amonium sulfat, kobalt 0.2 ppm dan Zn 35 ppm) Perlakuan RS1 (hijauan berkualitas rendah + bungkil kedelai), RS2 (hijauan kualitas rendah + suplemen katalitik), RS3 (hijauan kualitas rendah + suplemen probiotik). Parameter yang diamati yaitu konsumsi dan kecernaan (bahan kering, bahan organik, protein, NDF dan ADF), efisiensi penggunaan pakan, konsentrasi NH3, konsentrasi VFA total, pH cairan rumen, alantoin urin, pertambahan bobot badan harian, populasi mikroba (bakteri dan protozoa ) dan income over feed cost (IOFC) pada masing-masing perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pertambahan bobot harian yang tertinggi pada pemberian suplemen katalitik (RS2) yakni 75.9 g. Nilai ini lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan bungkil kedelai (RS1 :70.2 g) dan suplemen probiotik (RS3: 66.0g). Perlakuan RS2 menghasilkan nilai kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, protein, NDF dan ADF yang baik, sehingga memberikan dampak yang nyata terhadap konsentrasi VFA, konsentrasi NH,. kenormalan pH rumen, alantoin dan peningkatan populasi mikroba. Perlakuan RS2 terbaik dengan nilai Income Over Feed Cost sebesar Rp 838,-/ekor/hari.
Keyword: Sheeps, Mineral, Seng (ZN), IOFC, Income Over Feed Cost;

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite