Judul: Chemosystematics of Genus Alpinia Subsection Cenolophon through Metabolomics Appoarch
Abstrak: Alpinia merupakan salah satu genus dari Zingiberaceae yang banyak ditemukan di kawasan tropis termasuk Indonesia. Beberapa anggota Alpinia telah mengalami pengelompokan ke dalam subseksi, salah satunya adalah subseksi Cenolophon. Pendekatan morfologi telah dilakukan untuk mengelompokkan anggota subseksi tetapi perlu ada pendekatan lain untuk mempertegas pengelompokan tersebut, salah satunya adalah kemosistematik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis senyawa metabolit tak tertarget pada genus Alpinia subseksi Cenolophon sebagai dasar perbedaan antar spesies dengan penanda kimia. Metode yang dilakukan berupa identifikasi morfologi, ekstraksi rimpang, analisis metabolomik dan analisis data. Identifikasi morfologi menunjukkan spesies Alpinia pusilla memiliki pangkal daun berbeda dengan spesies subseksi lainnya. Senyawa Valganciclovir, 2-hydroxyisobutyric, 8-Chlro-1-tetrahydronorharmanone, 3-FUROIC ACID, 4-Vinylphenol merupakan kandidat penanda kimia pada spesies subseksi Cenolophon. Spesies A. pusilla memiliki jarak perbedaan paling besar terhadap spesies lainnya., Alpinia is one of the genera of Zingiberaceae that is commonly found in tropical areas including Indonesia. Several members of Alpinia are grouped into subsection categories, one of which is the Cenololphon subsection. Clustering the member of the subsection based on morphological characters has been carried out but another appoarch is needed to emphasize the grouping, one of them is chemosystematics. The study aimed to analyze untargeted metabolites of the genera Alpinia subsection Cenolophon as the chemical marker basis for differentiation among species. The methods used are morphology identification, rhizome extraction, metabolomics analysis and data analysis. Morphological identification shows that Alpinia pusilla has a different leaf base from other subsection species. Valganciclovir, 2-hydroxyisobutyric, 8-Chlro-1-tetrahydronorharmanone, 3-FUROIC ACID, 4-Vinylphenol compound are candidate chemical markers in subsection Cenolophon species. Species A. pusilla has the greatest distance different from other species.
Keyword: Untargeted metabolite, Chemical markers, Morphology, Rhizome

Judul: Biosystematics of Alpinia zerumbet Clade in West Malesia.
Abstrak: Alpinia Roxb. is a genus of the family Zingiberaceae and tribe Alpinieae. Alpinia classification based on morphological characteristics is not congruent with molecular classification. Incongruence in this genus (including the Alpinia zerumbet clade) is thought to occur because the rate of evolution at the molecular level is not accompanied by morphological changes or changes that do not occur simultaneously. The evolutionary process also causes many morphological variations in one member of this clade, namely Alpinia malaccensis, a species that has two varieties. The taxonomic status of the two varieties is debated as to whether they should be treated as the same or different species. Another problem is harvesting the essential oil of A. malaccensis rhizomes from the forest directly, without cultivation. It is a concern that the existence of this species will decrease. Therefore, several approach studies need to be carried out to create reference data for A. malaccensis conservation and clarify the status of the two varieties and support the classification of the genus Alpinia for the better. The purpose of this study was to analyze the diversity and distribution of members of Alpinia zerumbet clade in West Malesia, analyze genetic variation, predict habitat suitability and essential oil content of A. malaccensis, and phylogenetic analysis of Alpinia based on the plastid genome. The research method for analyzing the diversity and distribution of members of the Alpinia zerumbet clade consisted of sample collection, observation of morphological characteristics, and recording of environmental data. The description of each species and the key to determining the species are constructed. The method for analyzing genetic diversity consisted of DNA isolation from A. malaccensis leaves, DNA amplification using Inter Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) marker, electrophoresed, and visualization. DNA band data was used to determine genetic diversity, population structure, and genetic relationships. In the predictions of habitat suitability, the coordinate points of each A. malaccensis accession were determined based on herbarium data and field observations, the environmental variables were taken from Bioclim2. Both data types were analyzed using the MaxEnt software to determine the most influential environmental variables and model the prediction of habitat suitability. The content of volatile compounds in the two varieties of A. malaccensis was taken from rhizomes and prepared for GC-MS analysis. The GC-MS results data were used for profiling the types of compounds produced and their concentrations as well as for grouping volatile compounds. Alpinia phylogenetic analysis was carried out based on the plastid genome. The phylogeny analysis procedure consists of several steps, DNA isolation and purification, DNA sequencing, plastid genome rearrangement, and construction of an Alpinia phylogenetic tree using the Maximum Parsimony method. The Alpinia zerumbet clade in West Malesia consists of 17 species. They share several characteristics: i.e. absent or caducous secondary bracts, small or reduced lateral staminodes, and often having a petaloid and showy labellum. The highest diversity of this clade is the Borneo regions (8 species), while the lowest diversity is Java (2 species). The members are distributed at an elevation of 2 to 1600 m above sea level (m asl). Most species of Alpinia zerumbet clade are found
Keyword: Alpinia zerumbet, essential oil, genetic diversity, plastome, suitability habitat prediction, West Malesia, Zingiberaceae

Judul: 1995
Abstrak: Pesatnya pembangunan di atas segala bidang dan semakin meningkatnya pula tingkat populasiitu di daerah ibukota ini. Pembuangan limbah-limbah ke sungai oleh industri maupun oleh rumah tangga semakin tidak terkendali.
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