Judul: Feasibility Study of Universal Pension Program in Indonesia Based on Japan Experience in Developing Universal Pension Program
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki program pensiun negara tetapi hanya untuk pekerja formal, pegawai negeri sipil, dan angkatan bersenjata. Keadaan ini perlu mendapat perhatian karena saat ini 55,2% angkatan kerja yang bekerja merupakan pekerja informal dan diproyeksikan pada tahun 2045 penduduk berusia 65 tahun ke atas akan mencapai 35% dari jumlah penduduk. Ini akan menyebabkan risiko ekonomi dan sosial. Sebagai perbandingan, Jepang telah menyiapkan program pensiun universal berlapis-lapis sejak tahun 1960-an dan dilaksanakan pada pertengahan 1980-an. Saat ini Jepang sedang mengalami penuaan dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang negatif. Jepang memiliki pengalaman yang komprehensif dalam mengelola pensiun universal. Indonesia perlu memulai studi awal untuk pensiun universal, dan Jepang adalah tolok ukur yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu nominal produk domestik bruto, komposisi usia penduduk, upah rata-rata pekerja formal dan informal dan rasio ketergantungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif komparatif. Alat analisis didasarkan pada Pedoman Pensiun Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional untuk memberikan perkiraan biaya. Empat kemungkinan skenario program pensiun universal di Indonesia diusulkan berdasarkan konsep pensiun multi-pilar. Dilihat dari perkiraan kebutuhan dana dan kemampuan administrasi yang terintegrasi, skenario melalui pilar non-kontributif memiliki kemungkinan terbesar untuk dilaksanakan oleh Indonesia.
Keyword: dependency ratio, multi pillar pension, old age, social security

Judul: Dampak Faktor Ekonomi Makro Terhadap Sustainabilitas Jaminan Pensiun di Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesian government through BPJS Employment has implemented pension social insurance starting from 2015 with a financial management system using the Pay As You Go (PAYG) technique. Due to demographic aging and macroeconomic factors, many countries in the world have started implementing pension reforms to maintain the sustainability of pension system. This paper will focus on these two factors which are life expectancy at birth as demographic aging factor, then GDP per capita, unemployment rate and emigration as macroeconomic factors. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of Indonesian pension benefit provided by using descriptive analysis and to analyze the impact of macroeconomic and demographic aging factors on pension sustainability in Indonesia by using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) panel data regression. It is found that the amount of pension benefit provided (adequacy) does not meet the adequacy standard recommended by the ILO Convention 102 minimum standard. GDP per capita has a positive impact on sustainability of Indonesia pension system where if it increases constantly, it will maintain the pension sustainability. The unemployment rate has a negative impact on pension sustainability, so that if the unemployment rate increases, the sustainability of the pension system will decrease. Therefore, in order to maintain the sustainability of pension system, it is necessary to constantly increase GDP per capita and decrease the percentage of unemployment rate.
Keyword: Adequacy, Demographic Ageing, Macroeconomic Factors, PAYG pension, Sustainability

Judul: Optimasi Konsentrasi Xilosa dan Glukosa untuk Produksi Xilitol oleh Candida tropicalis
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to determine the optimum time of incubation to harvest cell of Candida tropicalis and xylitol production, and optimum environtment condition to produce xylitol as well, including substrate and co-substrate concentration. In this research, were done optimization of xylose concentration 50-110 g/L and ratio of xylose and glucose between 6:1-6:4 (%). Fermentation was carried out at 300 C in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask at 120 rpm for 48 hours. Xylitol concentration was measured by spectrophotometre method (D-sorbytol/D-xylitol kit). The research result showed that good xylose concentration to produce xylitol be in 30-70 g/L with highest product yield of xylose concentration be 30 g/L (Y product/substrate = 0.25 g/g) and the optimum ratio of xylose and glucose be 6:1 (%) which produces 4.81 g/L of xylitol, with addition of glucose was 12 g/L. The adding of glucose as co-substrate 12 – 48 g/L in the fermentation media could not increase xylitol production, but it has role to increase the cell biomass.
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