Judul: Export Competitiveness of Indonesian Frozen Shrimp and Major Competitor Countries in Three Export Destination Countries
Abstrak: Permintaan global udang beku diperkirakan akan terus meningkat di tahun-tahun mendatang. Indonesia, eksportir udang beku terbesar keempat di dunia, memiliki potensi untuk mendominasi pangsa pasar dunia, meskipun persaingan dengan negara-negara lain semakin ketat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat potensi udang beku Indonesia dalam merebut pasar dan daya saing ekspor udang beku Indonesia serta negara kompetitor di tiga negara tujuan ekspor (Amerika Serikat, Jepang dan China). Analisis ini mencakup satu dekade dari tahun 2013 hingga 2022. Dengan menggunakan metode Acceleration Ratio (AR) udang beku Indonesia menunjukkan nilai yang lebih dari satu di tiga negara tujuan ekspor. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa udang beku Indonesia memiliki potensi untuk merebut pasar di tiga negara tujuan ekspor. Selain itu, metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA), studi ini menemukan bahwa udang beku Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang kuat di pasar Amerika Serikat dan Jepang, dengan posisi pada periode 1 (2013-2017) sebagai rising star dan periode 2 (2018-2022) sebagai leading retreat. Di pasar Cina, udang beku Indonesia memiliki daya saing sedang dan pada periode 1 dan periode 2 menempati posisi lagging opportunity., Global demand for frozen shrimp is anticipated to continue rising in the coming years. Indonesia, the fourth largest exporter of frozen shrimp globally, has the potential to dominate the world market share, though competition with countries is becoming increasingly fierce. This study aims to examine the potential to capture markets and competitiveness of Indonesian frozen shrimp and competitors in three export destinations (USA, Japan and China). The analysis covers a decade from 2013 to 2022. Utilizing Acceleration Ratio (AR) methods, the study finds that Indonesian frozen shrimp has a value of more than one in three export destination countries, indicating that Indonesian frozen shrimp has the potential to capture the market in the three export destination countries. Additionally, the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA) shows that Indonesian frozen shrimp exhibits strong competitiveness in the United States and Japanese markets, with positions in period 1 (2013-2017) holding rising star and in period 2 (2018-2022) leading retreat positions, respectively. In the Chinese market, it shows medium competitiveness and occupies in period 1 and period 2 a lagging opportunity position.
Keyword: daya saing, rca, ACCELERATION RATIO, drca, udang beku

Judul: Competitiveness and Factors Affecting Indonesian Frozen Shrimp Exports in Main Destination Countries and Potential Countries
Abstrak: Komoditas udang berkontribusi besar terhadap total nilai ekspor subsektor perikanan di Indonesia. Tahun 2020 Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-4 sebagai negara eksportir udang beku terbesar di dunia namun nilai ekspor komoditas tersebut masih berfluktuasi setiap tahunnya. Share volume ekspor udang beku Indonesia di pasar dunia masih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara pesaingnya yaitu Ekuador, India, dan Vietnam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor udang beku Indonesia di enam negara tujuan utama. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan RCA menunjukkan bahwa ekspor udang beku Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di enam negara tujuan utama. Analisis EPD menjelaskan bahwa udang beku Indonesia hanya memiliki keunggulan kompetitif atau Rising Star di Kanada, sementara di pasar Amerika Serikat dan Belanda berada pada kondisi Falling Star, di pasar China pada kondisi Lost Opportunity, dan hasil yang lebih buruk di pasar Jepang dan Perancis berada pada kondisi Retreat. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor udang beku Indonesia secara signifikan dengan taraf nyata lima persen yaitu nilai harga udang beku Indonesia ke negara tujuan berpengaruh secara negatif dan jarak ekonomi yang berpengaruh secara negatif. Dua variabel lainnya tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan yaitu variabel GDP negara tujuan dan nilai tukar negara tujuan., Shrimp commodity contributes greatly to the total export value of the fisheries sub-sector in Indonesia. In 2020, Indonesia was ranked 4th as the largest frozen shrimp exporter in the world, but the export value of this commodity still fluctuates every year. Indonesia's frozen shrimp export volume in the world market is still low compared to its competitors, namely Ekuador, India, and Vietnam. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and factors that influence Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports in six main destination countries. The results of the research using RCA show that Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports have a comparative advantage in the six main destination countries. EPD analysis explains that Indonesian frozen shrimp only has a competitive advantage or Rising Star in Kanada, while in the United States and the Netherlands markets are in Falling Star conditions, in the Chinese market in Lost Opportunity conditions, and worse results in the Japanese and French markets in retreat condition. The factors that significantly affect the volume of Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports with a significant level of five percent, namely the price value of Indonesian frozen shrimp to the destination country has a negative effect and economic distance has a negative effect. Two other variables have no significant effect, namely the destination country variable and the country's exchange rate.
Keyword: Distance, Export Product Dynamic, Gravity Model, Price, Revealed Comparative Advantage

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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