Judul: Efektifitas Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan (TNBBS): Kasus Model Desa Konservasi (MDK) di Pekon Sukaraja dan Pekon Kubu Perahu, Lampung
Abstrak: Deforestation and degradation caused by encroachment area are the greatest threats to conservation of Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP) as the third-largest protected area in Sumatera. Meanwhile, many aspects related to those threats with social phenomena such as what drives people to fullfil their need and its impact to their conservation behavior cannot be separated from its management. Community has an important role in conservation, they are not only being a threat but also a potential resource. Community empowerment then become a key point. Empowering community is not just to stop the damage but directed as an effort to provide opportunities, convenience and facilitation of the people living surrounding conservation areas. In accordance with those purpose, the empowerment considered to be effective by the increase of community involvement and self-reliance. This term of effectiveness then refers to sense of willingness to be able to develop their knowledge, awareness and skills, in order to utilize the natural resources for the welfare and conservation in the fields of ecological, economic, social and cultural. Model Desa Konservasi (MDK) is a form of community empowerment-based-economy and conservation conducted in BBSNP. MDK is an effort to improve community access, mutual roles and functions of the national park toward its preservation and community welfare. Understanding its process and impact are the most important step relating to BBSNP conservation and its management especially for designing the most appropriate approach to apply. This study has three main objectives that include the following: (1) to analyze the effectiveness of community empowerment through MDK; (2) to analyze the factors correlated with effectiveness of community empowerment; and (3) to analyze enhancement of community empowerment approach that could ensure its effectiveness. This study was conducted at Sukaraja and Kubu Perahu, Lampung, as a buffer zone and enclave of BBSNP from February to October 2012. The study was design using survey method. The analysis used in this study were: (1) descriptive statistic by using distribution frequency and Mann Whitney non parametric test; (2) inferencial statistic by using Rank Spearman correlation. Analysis helped by SPSS 20.0 software. The result showed that community participations are in low level and community self-reliance was categoryzed in good level. Socio-demogaphic characteristic (formal education, training, income, land ownership, membership in community group, etnic, and information reveal) and another factors like community interaction and acess to BBNSP (community involvement and their acces, dependence toward BBSNP, and perceived direct benefit to BBSNP) have very significant positif correlation on the effectiveness of community empowerment due to community participation and self-reliance. Meanwhile, another factors such as age, livelihoods and household size doesn’t show any correlation with. Empowerment approach (understanding, organizational, facilitators, assistance, form of empowerment activity, and monitoring and evaluation) have a very significant positive correlation with the effectivenees of community empowerment. Understanding of community characteristics and their correlation with BBNSP and applying the most appropriate approach have relevancy to be priority and the most important point at once to improve the effectiveness of MDK empowerment program in BBSNP. The effectiveness can be increased by improving training, strengthening group, community understanding toward empowerment, facilitator’s
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Judul: Partisipasi Masyarakat pada Kegiatan Konservasi Lahan: Kasus Peran Pendampingan Penyuluh Kehutanan Swadaya Masyarakat (PKSM) di Kabupaten Bima, NTB
Abstrak: Forests as capital development needs to be protected and utilized as much as possible for the benefit and welfare of the community. The fact that damage forests is increasing from year to year, which resulted in land degradation thus forming a critical, therefore there is need for land conservation efforts through various program activities. This land conservation efforts will work well to engage the community around the forest as the main actors in implementing land conservation, especially conservation land outside the forest area is arable land owned by the farmers themselves through Community Forests (HR) and agroforestry. Law number 41 year of 1999 concerning Forestry stated that the implementation of forest and land rehabilitation preferred implementation through participatory approach in the context of community development and community empowerment. Law Nummber 16 Year 2006 on the Extension System for Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry, also mandates that the public be placed as the main actors in extension activities. Generally the people who are around the forest, have limited access to the knowledge, skills and willingness to implement conservation land, therefore need to be given guidance and increased knowledge through extension activities and continuous approach. Implementation of forestry extension, according to Law No. 16/2006, conducted by the extension of Civil Servants (PNS), private instructor and / or Extension Forestry Governmental (PKSM). The existence and role of PKSM is expected to be one of the encoureg factors for increased community participation in planning, implementation, use and evaluation of conservation land. PKSM mentoring role is as analyzers, stimulator, facilitator and encoureger. Other factors that also affected the level of community participation are the characteristics of individual farmers such as age, formal and non-formal education, income, dependents, land area, land status, motivation and kekosmopolitan and the role and function of the peasantry as a class learning, collaboration and production unit vehicle . PKSM mentoring role than a role in increasing participation, is also expected to affect the characteristics of the individual and the role and function of the farmer groups. This study aimed to: 1) measure the level of community participation in implementing land conservation activities, 2) analyze the individual characteristics factors that most affect the level of community participation in land conservation, 3) analyze the role of mentoring PKSM forms that affect the level of community participation in activities land conservation, and 4) analyze the role and function of farmer groups that can affect the level of community participation in land conservation. This research using survey method, conducted in 5 sub districts (Ambalawi, Belo, Wawo, Wera, Woha) in Bima districts, West Nusa Tenggara, samples taken by random and proportional (proportional random sampling). The analysis used is descriptive and inferential statistics. Frequency distribution is used to determine the characteristics of individual farmers, role of PKSM, the role and functions of the farmers group and the level of community participation. Analysis correlation of variables using Spearman rank correlation with SPSS 20.0 software. The results showed that the level of community participation in implementing land conservation activities were high. Factors related to the individual characteristics of the real with the
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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