Judul: Pengaruh Perlakuan Bahan Pengisi Kemasan terhadap Mutu Fisik Buah Pepaya Varietas IPB 9 (Callina) Selama Transportasi
Abstrak: Packaging is the most important method to keep horticultural comodity still maintained in the best quality. Filler material that will be used to package the horticultural comodity. Papaya is one of the horticultural comodity that has a great potential to be developed commercially. The objectives of this research was to asses the endurance of physical quality parameters of its fruits, such as mechanical damage on papaya, hardness, total solid soluble and weight losses. The first treatment is used sliced filler paper, sliced and sheet of spons, partition of cardboard for the filler material in the pack and control pack without filler. The second treatment is arranged the papaya position in packaging by using two different methods, such as horizontal and vertikal methods. The result has sown the papaya which arranged horizontal and packaged with the sliced filler paper is the suitable treatment for packaging. After transportation simulation, the treatment showed 16.67 % of mechanical damaged, 3.6 Kgf of hardness, 0.02 % of weight loss and 7.42 0Brix of total solid soluble. At the 8th days, showed 75 % of mechanical damaged, 0.405 Kgf of hardness, 10.26 % of weight loss and 8.39 0Brix of total solid soluble. The papaya which arranged horizontal and packaged with the sliced filler paper can reduce the vibration better than other.
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Judul: Pengaruh Perlakuan Pengemasan Belimbing (Averrhoa carambola L) dengan Penggunaan Bahan Pengisi terhadap Mutu Fisik Belimbing Selama Transportasi
Abstrak: Packaging starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L) becomes a critical factor in maintaining the physical quality of fruit due to vibration during transportation. The objective of this research was to asses the endurance of physical quality parameters of its fruit, such as mechanical damage, hardness, weight losses, and total solid soluble. The first treatment is used sliced filler paper, wood shavings, and sawdust for the filler material in the packs. The second treatment is arranged the starfruit position in packaging by using 2 different methods, namely, vertical and horizontal methods. The result has shown the starfruit which arranged horizontally and packaged with the sliced filler paper is the suitable treatment for packaging. After transportation simulation, the treatment showed 2% of mechanical damage, 0.555 Kgf of hardness and 7% obrix of total solid soluble. At the 8th day, showed 86% of mechanical damage, 0.426 Kgf of hardness, 3.76% of weight lose and 8.3% obrix of total solid soluble. The horizontal position of packaging can reduce the vibration better than the vertical one.
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik