Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler berdasarkan Marka Gen COI pada Lobster (Panulirus spp.) di Perairan Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah.
Abstrak: Lobster genus Panulirus menempati urutan keempat sebagai komoditas ekspor dari jenis udang-udangan. Larva lobster bersifat meroplankton yang pergerakannya dipengaruhi oleh pergerakan air. Saat juvenil hingga dewasa, lobster sudah dapat bergerak dengan bebas dan mulai bermigrasi dari satu perairan ke perairan lain untuk mencari makan dan cenderung menjauhi cahaya. Pergerakan lobster untuk berpindah tersebut menimbulkan adanya penyebaran lobster. Fenomena cryptic spesies yang sering terjadi pada larva biota akuatik menyebabkan sering terjadi kesalahan identifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi molekuler berdasarkan marka gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) pada lobster yang diperoleh dari perairan Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah. Bagian yang digunakan untuk identifikasi molekuler adalah otot dan darah lobster. Berdasarkan identifikasi molekuler, spesies lobster yang diperoleh dari perairan Donggala, Sulawesi Tengah adalah lobster bambu (Panulirus versicolor) dan lobster batik (Panulirus femoristriga).
Keyword: Gen COI, identifikasi molekuler, lobster

Judul: Karakteristik Gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Lobster Panulirus Spp. di Perairan Malang, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Lobster atau udang karang merupakan salah satu anggota kelompok Crustacea yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting. Lobster merupakan komoditas perikanan yang memberikan konstribusi ekonomi lebih tinggi (88,3%) jika dibandingkan dengan ikan (11,7%). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan validasi terhadap lobster Panulirus dan menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan antar spesies berdasarkan teknik DNA barcoding. Sebanyak 7 sampel lobster Panulirus berasal dari Malang yang digunakan adalah spesimen koleksi yang telah diawetkan dalam alkohol. Analisis perbedaan runutan basa nukleotida pada ruas gen COI dibandingkan dengan database pada situs NCBI. Ketiga spesies contoh P. homarus, P. penicillatus, dan P. versicolor dari Malang memiliki nilai persentase kemiripan lebih dari 96% dengan P. homarus, P. penicillatus, dan P. versicolor dari GenBank. Hasil rekonstruksi pohon filogeni menunjukkan bahwa ketiga spesies lobster tersebut memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan nilai keragaman nukleotida sebesar 0,1860 (18,6%).
Keyword: Panulirus spp., DNA barcode, gen COI dan validasi

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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