Judul: Pendekatan Metode Hidroakustik Untuk Analisis Keterkaitan Antara Tipe Substrat Dasar Perairan Dengan Komunitas Demersal
Abstrak: Substrat dasar perairan berperan penting bagi kehidupan biota yang hidup di daerah dasar perairan. Dasar perairan adalah habitat bagi bentos, ikan demersal dan juga biota laut lainnya. Oleh karena itu, akurasi dan kecermatan yang tinggi untuk mengklasifikasikan substrat dasar menjadi penting. Namun data mengenai tipe dasar perairan dan hubungannya dengan biota, khususnya ikan demersal masih sangat kurang. Hal ini disebabkan metode yang dipergunakan secara umum terbatas pada metode grab yang hanya mampu memetakan areal yang sempit berdasarkan stasiun sampling di dasar perairan.
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Judul: Pengukuran dan analisis nilai hambur balik akustik untuk klasifikasi dasar perairan dan hubungannya dengan makrozoobentos di Delta Mahakam
Abstrak: Riverbed substrate is a one of potential abiotic resources. It is useful as habitat, foraging area, and spawning area for most aquatic organisms (Susanto 2000). Riverbed has a very complex substrate composition from small sized substrate into rocky substrate. Over exploitation makes the quality and composition of bottom waters changed. Research on aquatic habitats are usually based on a sampling basis using a corer or a van veen grabber (Romimohtarto and Juwana 2009). But it is not time efficient, covering only narrow area and can be applied only in limited location. One of method that can help to overcome this deficiency is using hydroacoustic technology. Hydroacoustic technology is a technology which used to detect underwater objects by using sound propagation. Acoustic classification system of bottom substrate can predict the substrate type and its geotechnical properties. Hydroacoustic also has been widely used in various applications including marine geology, civil engineering, military science, and fisheries (Lambert et al. 2002; Richardson et al. 2002). This technology is able to provide information regarding the relief of the bottom, fish density, direction and movement of fish, as well as the type of bottom substrate in a relatively rapid and extensive reach. Sea bottom has characteristic in reflecting and scattering sound waves as well as the waters of the sea surface. The resulting effect is more complex due to the nature of the sea floor that is composed of diverse elements ranging from hard rock to soft clay and layers that have different compositions (Urick 1983). Some initial researches on aquatic habitats in Indonesia have been conducted by Manik et al. (2006) using the measurement of surface backscattering strength (SS) of Quantitative Echo Sounder (QES) and the SS value for identification of fish habitat, Pujiyati (2008) which using hydroacoustic method for relationship analysis between bottom substrate types with fish demersal community, Harahap (2010) in quantification of the value of bottom acoustic backscatter using multibeam echosounder, and Allo (2011) which applying the method of Manik et al. (2006) for the quantification and characterization of acoustic backscattering of bottom habitat in the Seribu island. This study was conducted in two phases. The first phase is collection of field data and the second is data processing and analyzing phase. Acoustic data collected were using hydroacoustics instrument SIMRAD EY60 120 kHz frequency and recorded by ER60 software. Sampling substrate was conducted at 9 stations acoustic data recording. Analysis of acoustic data include the value of SV E1, SV E2, and SS. Analysis of the substrate data include the percentage of the fraction (sand, silt, clay), and macrozoobenthos (density, diversity, dominance). Analysis of the relationship between acoustic values, the fraction of the substrate, and macrozoobenthos are using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results showed that the type of substrates that are found on sites are sand, muddy sand, sandy mud, and mud. Based on the value of SS for sand (- 12.97 dB), muddy sand (-13.96 dB), sandy mud (-17.14 dB and -15.64 dB), and mud (-30.87 dB to -19.25 dB). It shows also that sand has a high substrate roughness, hardness, and
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Judul: Characterization and Expression of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus Coat Protein Gene in Escherichia coli
Abstrak: Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) is a member of Crinivirus genus. TICV infects tomato crop in Garut and Cipanas, West Java Indonesia. Tomato initially showed bright interveinal yellowing symptoms. The coat protein gene (CP-TICV) was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA extracted from infected tomato leaves and the amplified fragment was cloned and completely sequenced. The fragment was subsequently subcloned into the pET-21b expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed to Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS to express the coat protein. The coat protein fused to a 6xhistag, was purified by affinity chromatography using a NiNTA spin column. The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. In this experiment, 792 bp of CP-TICV gene of TICV virus has been successfully cloned, sequenced, and expressed in E. coli. Based on nucleotide sequences alignment analysis, TICV-Indonesia strain showed 100% identity to TICV –Spain strain and 99% identity to North America, France, and California strains and based on amino acid sequences alignment analysis, TICV-Indonesia strain showed 100% identity to TICV –Spain, North America, France strains and 99.2% identity to California strain. CP-TICV showed over expressed in E. coli when it is induced with 1 mM IPTG and incubated at 37oC. Purified CP-TICV-Histag recombinants protein sized 29 kDa based on SDSPAGE analysis.
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