Judul: Kajian Penggunaan Mikroorganisme Lokal dalam Pembuatan Biourn dan Aplikasinya
Abstrak: Biourine is one way of processing livestock waste to increase its economic value. Bio urine is beneficial for plants as organic fertilizer. Processing waste derived from the urine into bio urine is an effort to avoid environmental pollution, mainly due to garbage originating from livestock. This study aims to determine the use of animal and vegetable indigenous microorganisms (IMO) for the manufacture of bio urine as a liquid organic fertilizer in terms of microbiological elements, pH, and micronutrients, namely C, N, P, and K. Animal Biourine was made from rumen contents, molasses, and water, then fermented aerobically for 14 days. IMO from the vegetable is made from tomato pulp, brown sugar, rice washing water, coconut water, and fermented with the same aerobic system for 14 days. The research method used a randomized block design with five treatments and four replication, namely A-: Cow urine without addition, A+: Cow urine + EM4, B: Cow urine + 100% animal IMO, C: Cow urine + 100% vegetable IMO, D: Cow urine + 50% animal IMO + 50% vegetable IMO. Parameters observed were total microbial, pH, micronutrient levels of C, P, N, and K, and micronutrients Fe and Cu. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on total microbes, pH, C, N, P, K, Fe, and Cu, with the results of the study that cow urine added with Animal and Vegetable IMO can be used as Bio-urine and can be used as liquid organic fertilizer and better treatment is the vegetable IMO. Keywords: Biourine, Indigenous microorganisms, Liquid organic fertilizer
Keyword: Cow urine, indigenous microorganism (IMO), biourine, kale plant

Judul: Kualitas Biourin Kelinci Menggunakan Mikroorganisme Lokal serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Fodder Hidroponik Jagung
Abstrak: Kualitas urin kelinci dapat ditingkatkan melalui penambahan larutan mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) karena dapat berperan dalam perombak bahan organik sehingga dapat meningkatkan penyerapan unsur hara oleh tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kualitas biourin kelinci terbaik dari beberapa formula MOL serta pengaruhnya terhadap fodder hidroponik jagung. MOL yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah bonggol pisang, rebung, serta isi rumen kambing. Biourin dibuat dengan cara menginkubasi urin kelinci dengan 10% larutan MOL selama 14 hari secara anaerob. Uji tanam dilakukan dengan mengukur tinggi tanaman dan produksi biomassa pada fodder jagung yang diberikan perlakuan penambahan sampel biourin (B1, B2, B3, B4 dan B5) serta kontrol negatif (air/B0) dan positif (AB Mix/B6) dengan 4 kali pengulangan. Kandungan kimia yang diuji adalah nilai pH, C-Organik, N, P dan K. Hasil yang didapat adalah sebagian besar biourin mengandung makronutrien yang memenuhi standar serta mampu menghasilkan tinggi tanaman dan produksi biomassa yang lebih besar dibandingkan kontrol negatif., Rabbit urine quality can be enhanced by adding local microorganisms (LMO) solution because this solution able to breakdown organic materials so the plantation can adsorb the nutrient easily. This research aims to understand the best rabbit bio urine quality formulated from different LMO formulation and its effect on corn hydroponic fodder. LMO that are used in this research are sheep rumen digests, bamboo shoots, and banana hump that are formulated into some different LMO solution formulations. Bio urines are made by mixing rabbit urine with 10% LMO solution and then incubated for 14 days. The treatment that is done is addition of LOM on different formulations. The chemical content tests are done to identify pH value, C-Organic, N, P and K. The plantation tests are done to observe the effect of bio urine to the height and biomass production of maize hydroponic fodder. The results are chemical content of bio urines meet the standards and also able to enhance the height and biomass production of maize hydroponic fodder but not as good as positive control (AB Mix/B6).
Keyword: biourin, fodder jagung, mikroorganisme lokal

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular