Judul: Traveling Salesman Problem dengan Kendala Time Windows
Abstrak: Distribution of products using a vehicle from a depot to several places that has a time limit of services requires an efficient route. This distribution problem can be modeled as a Traveling Salesman Problem with Time Windows by using Integer Linear Programming. The model is then implemented by using LINGO 11.0 for the case of delivery products from depot to ten customers. We consider the following constraints: (1) a salesman visited and left each customer exactly once, (2) each customer has limited time of service given in an interval of time. Implementation of the model provides a total minimum distance traveling from the depot to all customers and return to the depot.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), traveling salesman problem, time windows, integer linear programming

Judul: Multi-Product Vehicle  Routing Problem dengan Time Windows dan Penerapannya pada Penentuan Rute  Distribusi Buku
Abstrak: Vehicle routing problem (VRP) merupakan suatu permasalahan penentuan rute kendaraan yang bertujuan meminimumkan jarak tempuh atau biaya distribusi. Dalam penerapannya, permasalahan VRP ditemukan pada berbagai perusahaan dengan berbagai kendala, seperti kapasitas kendaraan, jenis dan ukuran barang yang berbeda-beda, serta pelayanan tiap pelanggan sesuai dengan time windows (selang waktu). Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas masalah penentuan rute distribusi buku pada Percetakan Gema Insani yang terletak di wilayah Jabodetabek. Kendala yang dimiliki perusahaan terkait dengan jenis dan ukuran buku untuk permasalahan time windows pada setiap pelanggan. Permasalahan ini dapat dimodelkan sebagai Multi-Product Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MPVRPTW). Ukuran masalah yang ada membutuhkan waktu komputasi yang lama. Oleh karenanya, solusi optimal tidak dapat diperoleh. Kondisi ini dapat diatasi dengan menyelesaikan masalah ini melalui dua tahap. Tahap pertama dilakukan pengelompokan node pelanggan ke dalam empat klaster. Klaster dibentuk berdasarkan jarak antar node pelanggan menggunakan metode k-Means dengan bantuan perangkat lunak RStudio 2022. Tahap kedua ditentukan rute distribusi pada masing-masing klaster dengan model MPVRPTW menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak LINGO 19.0., The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is the problem of determining the vehicle route in order to minimize the distance traveled or distribution costs. In its application, VRP problems are found in various companies with various constraints, such as vehicle capacity, different types and sizes of goods, and service for each customer according to time windows. In this study, we will discuss the problem of determining vehicle routes to distribute books at Gema Insani Printing in the Jabodetabek area. The company's constraints include the types and sizes of books for each customer’s time windows. This problem can be modeled as the Multi Product Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MPVRPTW). The size of the problem requires a long computation time. Because of that, the optimal solution cannot be obtained. This situation can be overcome by solving this problem in two stages. The first stage is grouping customer points into four clusters. The clusters are formed based on the distance between customer points using the k-Means method with RStudio 2022 software. The second stage is determining the distribution route for each cluster using the MPVRPTW model with LINGO 19.0 software.
Keyword: klaster, cluster, multi product, vehicle routing problem, time windows

Judul: Embriogenesis ikan buta (Astyanax fasciatus)
Abstrak: Ikan buta Astyanax fasciatus adalah spesies ikan unik dari famili Characidae yang menempati perairan dalam gua di Wilayah La Cueva Chica-San Luis Potasi-Mexico. Ikan ini memiliki mata yang tereduksi (Blind Cavefish) dan warna kulit merah muda, pucat serta mengkilap.
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