Judul: Species Composition, Vegetation Structure, and Carbon Absorption in Revegetation Post-Mining Areal PT Berau Coal
Abstrak: Reklamasi lahan pasca tambang wajib dilakukan oleh perusahaan tambang, salah satu perusahaan tambang yang melakukan kegiatan reklamasi pasca tambang yaitu PT Berau Coal. Kegiatan reklamasi dan revegetasi menggunakan pola tanam agroforestri diharapkan dapat memulihkan kerusakan ekologi. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui komposisi jenis, struktur vegetasi, dan menghitung potensi serapan karbon di areal revegetasi site BMO-1 PT Berau Coal. Pengambilan data dengan metode non destructive sampling menggunakan persamaan allometric pada tegakan revegetasi Blok 1-2, dan Blok 1-4, sebanyak 5 plot pada tiap petak ukur 20 m × 20 m. Hasil indeks nilai penting (INP) tingkat pohon tertinggi yaitu Paraserianthes falcataria, tingkat tiang yaitu Senna siamea, dan tingkat pancang dan semai yaitu Nephelium lappaceum. Indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H’), kekayaan jenis (R), dan kemerataan jenis (E) terbesar pada tingkat pancang. Stratifikasi tajuk pada pola tanam agroforestri termasuk dalam strata B, C, dan D, sedangkan pola tanam monokultur termasuk dalam strata B dan C. Nilai biomassa dan serapan karbon tertinggi pada pola tanam agroforestri yaitu P. falcataria.
Keyword: agroforestry, carbon absorption, revegetation, species composition, vegetation structure

Judul: Vegetation and Environmental Characteristics in Land Ecosystems Results from Revegetation on Post-Coal Mining Lands PT. Pesona Khatulistiwa Nusantara
Abstrak: Pertambangan batu bara mengakibatkan hilangnya vegetasi yang berada di atas permukaan tanah, mengubah struktur, dan tekstur tanah. Kegiatan revegetasi dilakukan untuk memulihkan kembali kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik vegetasi dan lingkungan pada areal revegetasi lahan pascatambang batu bara. Metode penelitian menggunakan analisis vegetasi dan analisis biofisik lingkungan (edafis dan klimatis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutan alam (ekosistem referensi) memiliki jenis vegetasi yang lebih banyak. Lahan revegetasi yang diamati hanya didominasi oleh satu jenis saja, yaitu sengon laut (Falcataria moluccana), sehingga nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis, indeks kekayaan jenis, dan indeks kemerataan jenis hutan alam lebih tinggi daripada lahan revegetasi. Nilai indeks kesamaan tergolong tinggi hanya ditemukan pada lokasi lahan revegetasi umur 10 tahun dan 2 tahun pada tingkat pancang dan tiang. Lahan revegetasi umur 10 tahun memiliki total biomassa dan simpanan karbon lebih tinggi dibandingkan lahan revegetasi umur 2 tahun. Karakteristik kesuburan tanah lahan revegetasi umur 2 tahun memiliki nilai rendah daripada kedua lokasi lainnya, karena memiliki pH masam, C-organik sangat rendah, kapasitas tukar kation (KTK) rendah, dan kejenuhan basa (KB) yang sedang., Coal mining results in the loss of aboveground vegetation, changing the structure and texture of the soil. Revegetation activities are carried out to restore environmental conditions. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of vegetation and the environment in the revegetation area of post-coal mining land. The research method used vegetation analysis and biophysical analysis of the environment (edaphic and climatic). The results showed that natural forest (reference ecosystem) has more vegetation types. The revegetated land is only dominated by sengon laut (Falcataria moluccana), so the value of the species diversity index, species richness, and species evenness of natural forest is higher than the revegetated land. High similarity index values were only found in the second location of revegetated land at the sapling and pole levels. The 10-year-old revegetated land had higher total biomass and carbon storage than the 2-year-old revegetated land. Soil fertility characteristics of 2-year-old revegetated land have low values than the two locations, because they have acidic pH, very low C-organic, low cation exchange capacity (CEC), and medium base saturation.
Keyword: coal, post-mining, revegetation, soil, vegetation

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity