Judul: Minyak Atsiri Temu Kunci (Kaempheria pandurata Ridl) dari Berbagai Ketinggian Daerah: Metabolomik dan Sifat Antibakteri terhadap Patogen Bawaan Pangan
Abstrak: Komponen volatil minyak atsiri dari tanaman temu kunci (Kaempheria pandurata Ridl) dilaporkan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan berbagai bakteri. Namun, komposisi minyak atsiri dari temu kunci yang tumbuh di daerah dengan perbedaan ketinggian tempat mungkin berbeda, sehingga sifat antibakteri dari minyak atsiri temu kunci tersebut juga mungkin berbeda. Penelitian ini menguji komponen volatil minyak atsiri temu kunci dengan pendekatan metabolomik, aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella Typhimurium, dan mekanisme penghambatannya terhadap bakteri tersebut. Penelitian ini terdiri dari analisis komponen volatil minyak atsiri temu kunci dengan metode GC-MS dan analisis data multivariat, pengamatan penghambatan bakteri menggunakan metode difusi agar, dan pengamatan mekanisme penghambatan antibakteri. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa komponen volatil dari minyak atsiri temu kunci dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian tempat tumbuh tanaman dan signifikan menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri patogen secara statistik. Hasil analisis model Principal Component Analysis menghasilkan nilai Q2 sebesar 0,568 dan nilai R2X sebesar 0,829, yang menunjukkan bahwa model diprediksikan dengan baik. Sementara itu, pada analisis data menggunakan model Partial Least Square, komponen volatil yang dimungkinkan menghambat pertumbuhan Bacillus cereus adalah β-bisabolene, Staphylococcus aureus adalah myrtenol, dan Salmonella Typhimurium adalah cis-β-ocimene. Paparan minyak atsiri temu kunci menyebabkan terjadinya kerusakan pada membran sel seperti yang ditunjukkan dengan kenaikan yang signifikan pada kebocoran sel secara statistik seiring dengan naiknya konsentrasi minyak atsiri temu kunci yang diberikan.
Keyword: Kaempheria pandurata Ridl essential oil, metabolomik, sifat antibakteri, volatil

Judul: Isolasi, Identifikasi, dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Asiri  Daun dan Rimpang Temu Mangga (Curcuma mangga)
Abstrak: Minyak asiri temu mangga yang berasal dari Kebun BALITTRO Cibinong belum pernah diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi, mengidentifikasi kandungan senyawa kimia, dan menganalisis aktivitas antibakteri minyak asiri daun dan rimpang temu mangga. Minyak asiri diisolasi menggunakan metode distilasi uap. Kandungan senyawa kimia dalam minyak asiri diidentifikasi menggunakan kromatografi gas–spektrometri massa. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap Escherichia coli dan Salmonella typhi. Rendemen minyak asiri daun temu mangga adalah 0,051% berdasarkan bobot kering sampel, sedangkan pada minyak asiri rimpang diperoleh 0,17% berdasarkan bobot basah sampel. Kesamaan senyawa kimia dalam kedua minyak asiri tersebut ialah humulena, 3,7,11-trimetil-2,6,10-dodekatriena-1-ol, isoaromadendrena epoksida, dan (E,E)-3,7-dimetil-10-(1-metiletiliden)-3,7- siklodekadiena-1-on. Minyak asiri daun dan rimpang temu mangga tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri pada konsentrasi (500.000; 10.000; 5000; 2500) µg/mL terhadap E. coli dan S. typhi. Kata kunci: antibakteri, GC-MS, minyak asiri, temu mangga, Mango turmeric essential oils from BALITTRO Garden Cibinong have never been studied. This study aims to isolate and identify chemical compounds and analyze the antibacterial activity of mango turmeric leaves and rhizomes essential oils. Essential oils are isolated using the steam distillation method. The chemical compounds in essential oils were identified using gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. The disc diffusion method determined the antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhi. The yield of mango turmeric leaves essential oils was 0,051% based on the dry weight of the sample, while the rhizomes essential oil was 0,17% based on the wet weight of the sample. The chemical compounds that are the same in both essential oils are humulene, 3,7,11-trimethyl-2,6,10-dodecatriene-1-ol, isoaromadendrene epoxide, and (E,E)- 3,7-dimethyl-10-(1-methylethylidene)-3,7-cyclodecadiene-1-one. Mango turmeric leaves and rhizomes essential oils did not show antibacterial activity at concentrations (500.000; 10.000; 5000; 2500) µg/mL against E. coli and S. typhi. Keywords: antibacterial, essential oils, GC-MS, mango turmeric
Keyword: Antibakteri, GC-MS, Minyak Asiri, Temu Mangga

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm