Judul: Management design of madidihang (Thunnus albacares) fisheries in Indonesia Economic Exclusive Zone (IEEZ) of Indian Ocean at Southern Coast of East Java
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki wilayah Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI) di Samudera Hindia yang menjadi alur ruaya Madidihang, dengan wilayah pengelolaan kode 71 (FAO 2007). Madidihang di perairan Samudera Hindia habitatnya terdapat di lapisan campuran (mixed layer) dan termoklin, yaitu pada kedalaman 200-250 m (Bertrand et al. 2002). Berdasarkan alur wilayah pengelolaan perikanan (WPP) Indonesia, wilayah tersebut, diantaranya berada di WPP 573. Namun demikian, status potensinya (stock) pada saat ini diperkirakan telah mengalami overfishing atau mendekati overfishing (IOTC 2011). Perkiraan ini didasarkan kepada hasil tangkapan dunia di wilayah tersebut, selama periode tahun 2003‐2006, yaitu dengan rataan 464 000 ton sementara Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) diestimasi sekitar 300 000 ton, sehingga di masa akan datang keberlanjutannya sangat mengkhawatirkan (ISSF 2011). Guna kepentingan konservasi dan keberlanjutan, dalam konteks global pengelolaannya di atur oleh suatu organisasi perikanan regional, yaitu Indian Organization Tuna Commision (IOTC). IOTC, pada tahun 2012 akan mengatur dan membagi kuota jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan (Total Allowable Catch, TAC) untuk masing-masing negara anggota, termasuk Indonesia (IOTC 2011). Ketentuan lain yang harus dipatuhi oleh Indonesia adalah ketetapan, pemberlakuan langkah dan tindakan yang berkaitan dengan penggunaan alat tangkap, metode penangkapan, jumlah upaya tangkap, musim penangkapan, musim tidak menangkap, moratorium, serta pembatasan ukuran ikan yang di tangkap. Apabila aturan ini tidak dipatuhi maka dianggap melakukan kegiatan penangkapan yang illegal, yang akan berdampak dalam pemasaran hasil (ekspor).
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Judul: Keberlanjutan sumberdaya perikanan cakalang (Katsuwonus pelamis) di Perairan Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif Indonesia (ZEEI) Samudera Hindia Selatan
Abstrak: Indonesian exclusive economic zone of Indian Ocean at southern coast of East Java includes in WPP-RI 573 which has potential biological resources to be utilized for economic development. Specific oceanographic condition has caused the regions relatively more fertile than other regions. An abundance fishery resources in the region is skipjack which has a sufficiently high economic value. Utilization rate of the species is assumed of being moderate thus enabling further increasing in its utilization. One type of fleet used to exploit skipjack resources in WPPRI 573 is sekoci boat based in PPP Pondokdadap, Malang Regency. The fleet number has showed a significant increase during 2001-2010. Size of the vessel includes in medium category and still uses traditional fishing gears (hand-line). Sekoci boat has been reliably used to catch fish at a distance of 50-200 miles, with catching period 8 to 12 months every year in areas fitted with a fish aggregating device. Research objectives were to analyze the conditions of oceanographic factors, skipjack stock biomass, linkages between oceanographic aspects and stock biomass, fisheries sustainability status on ecological, economic, technological, social and institutional dimensions, as well as management strategy of the fisheries through priorities setting based on multidimensional sustainability status. Research results showed that wind monsoon affected vertical and horizontal distribution of sea surface temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration. Distribution of those parameters during eastern monsoon favored the abundance of skipjack population compared to that in western monsoon. CPUE fluctuations trailed monsoon patterns, with higher values in the eastern monsoon than in the western monsoon. Fishing season peak occurred in July to October annually. During the eastern monsoon SST decreased while concentration of chlorophyll-a and CPUE values tended to increase. Contrary, during the western monsoon SST increased and chlorophyll-a concentration as well as and CPUE tended to decrease. Furthermore, sustainability index for each dimension indicated that ecological dimension included in sustainable category, followed by technological dimension in moderate category. Sustainability index of institutional, economic, and social dimensions included in less sustainable category with the lowest index on social dimension. Multidimensional index indicated that overall status of skipjack sustainability in IEEZ at southern coast of East Java was moderate which required arrangement of various sensitive attributes. Smart analysis result showed policy priorities for social dimension followed by institutional and economic dimensions. The highest score attributes of the dimensions were consecutively business ownership, enforcement of rules, and environmental awareness. Application of policy priorities would result in increases in sustainability index with higher values after application of the policy.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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