Judul: Efficacy of ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) Infusion as an Antidiarrhea in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Daun kenanga merupakan satu diantara tanaman herbal yang memiliki kandungan metabolit sekunder yang bermanfaat bagi manusia. Metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam daun kenanga adalah flavonoid, tanin dan saponin yang berpotensi sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antidiare daun kenanga serta dosis yang efektif pada mencit. Pengujian efek antidiare dilakukan dengan menggunakan dua metode yaitu proteksi intestinal dan transit intestinal. Mencit yang digunakan pada kedua metode penelitian adalah mencit yang sama. Mencit jantan sebanyak 30 ekor dikelompokkan menjadi enam kelompok yang terdiri atas dua kelompok kontrol yaitu kontrol positif berupa suspensi loperamide HCl dan kontrol negatif menggunakan oleum ricini. Empat kelompok perlakuan lainnya menggunakan infusa dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (12,5%, 25%, 50%, 100%). Data hasil penelitian antidiare diolah menggunakan aplikasi minitab-18 dengan metode uji one way ANOVA dan uji tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan infusa daun kenanga dengan konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% memiliki aktivitas antidiare. Hasil perlakuan pada konsentrasi 50% menunjukkan aktivitas antidiare terbaik., Ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata) is a herbal plant with various secondary metabolites in its leaves that benefit humans. The secondary metabolites in ylang-ylang leaves are flavonoids, saponins, and tannins, which have potential antidiarrheal properties. Scientific research on the efficacy of ylang-ylang leaves as an antidiarrheal has yet to be done. This study aimed to determine the antidiarrheal activity of ylang-ylang leaves and the effective dose in mice. Testing of the antidiarrheal effect was carried out using two methods, namely, the intestinal protection method and the intestinal transit method. Thirty male mice were grouped into six groups consisting of two control groups positive control using loperamide HCl, negative control using oleum ricini, and four other groups using ylang-ylang leaves infusion with various concentrations (12,5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%). Data from the antidiarrheal study was analyzed using the Minitab-18 application with the one way ANOVA test and Tukey test. The results showed that ylang-ylang leaf infusion of 12,5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% concentration had antidiarrheal activity. The 50% concentration of ylang-ylang leaves infusion showed the best antidiarrheal result.
Keyword: Antidiarrheal, Ylang-ylang, Infusion, Intestinal Protection, Intestinal Transits

Judul: Effectiveness of Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) Infusion As Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Diare adalah penyakit gastrointestinal yang umum terjadi pada berbagai spesies hewan, dengan implikasi yang signifikan terhadap kesehatan dan produktivitas hewan. Penelitian ini menyelidiki khasiat infusa daun cengkeh sebagai agen antidiare pada mencit (Mus musculus). Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 100%, 50%, dan 25%. Tahapan penelitian meliputi skrining fitokimia dan uji antidiare dengan methode proteksi intestinal. Mencit diberikan berbagai perlakuan secara oral berdasarkan pembagian kelompok pada metode proteksi usus dan dipantau selama 9 jam. Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode proteksi intestinal yakni frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, awal mula dan durasi diare. Analisis fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin pada ekstrak daun cengkeh. Uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji Tukey digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 25% dan 50% tidak efektif, sedangkan konsentrasi infusa daun cengkih 100% efektif sebagai antidiare pada mencit. Konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 100% terbukti efektif sebagai antidiare., Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal ailment affecting various animal species, with significant implications for animal health and productivity. This study investigates the efficacy of Clove leaves infusion as an antidiarrheal agent in mice (Mus musculus). A total of 30 mice were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, 100%, 50%, and 25% concentration of Clove leaves infusion. Intestinal protection methods and phytochemical screening test are used. Mice were orally administered various treatments based on group divisions in the intestinal protection method and monitored for 9 hours. The parameters used in the intestinal protection method are defecation frequency, stool consistency, and the onset and duration of diarrhea. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the Clove leaves extract. ANOVA one-way test and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. The result showed that 25% and 50% concentration of Clove leaves infusion are not effective while 100% concentration of Clove leaves infusion is effective as antidiarrheal in the mice. 100% concentration of Clove leaves infusion has show the effectiveness as an antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, mencit, antidiarrheal, infusion, mice, daun cengkeh, Clove leaves

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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