Judul: Analisis Aliran Energi pada Produksi Gula Tebu di Pabrik Gula Jatiroto, Lumajang, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Perencanaan terhadap kebutuhan energi dan pemanfaatannpa secara lebih efisien dan efektif perlu dilakukan. Usaha analisis input-output; energi dan aliran energi yang terjadi dalam proses produksi gula akan membantu memberi- Ban informasi tentang efisiensi dan efektifitas produksi dnn pengbunaan Sahan input. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenei jurcl~h energi yang dibutuhkan per kilogram gula, mendapntkan aodel simulasi rang dapat digunakan rrntuk mengevaluasi input-output energi di dalam pabrik gula, selanjutnya dapat mengetahui sejauh mana terjadi pemborosaa energj dalam tahapan produksi d m sejauh mana usaha konservasi energi dapat dilakukan.
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Judul: Audit Energi pada Proses Produksi Gula Tebu di PT Pabrik Gula Krebet Baru I, Malang, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Konservasi energi merupakan salah satu cara yang penting untuk menanggulangi masalah energi karena hasilnya dapat dirasakan dalam waktu yang lelatif singkat Audit energi merupakan langkah awal dalam pelaksanaan program konselvasi energi Gula merupakan produk hasil industri pertanian yang penting, karena gula termasuk salah satu di antara sembilan bahan pokok kebutuhan sehari-hari Bertambahnya jumlah penduduk, peningkatan konsumsi perkapita dan peningkatan mutu gizi masyarakat, mengakibatkan perlnintaan gula tebu mengalami peningkatan. Ketersediaan energi dalam proses produksi gula mutlak dibutuhkan.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua