Judul: Spatial Regression Analysis to Evaluate Indonesian Presidential General Election
Abstrak: Indonesia has held two presidential elections in 2004 and 2009. The result of these elections shows that number of voter abstention is very high. On the first term of 2004 presidential election, about 21.77% of official voters were abstain. On the second term, it increased to 23.37%. Five years later, the number of voter abstention was still high which increased to 27.19%. This research aims to identify spatial pattern and spatial relationship of 33 provinces that produce voter abstention number in the 2009 presidential elections and to identify voter characteristics. The data used are secondary data from General Election Commision of Indonesia (KPU) for an official result of 2009 presidential election and Central Bureau Statistics of Indonesia (BPS) for characteristics of provinces. The results of this research show that there is positive spatial autocorrelation for voter abstention data, which means that there are similiar proportion of provinces to their neighbors in Indonesia. Provinces that are significant to spatial autocorrelation are Riau, Riau Islands, West Sumatera, Central Kalimantan, and Gorontalo. According to significant provinces, there are not province identified as hotspot or coldspot observation. Determining factors that are significantly affected to voter abstention using Spatial Error Model (SEM) is better than Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) and Multiple Linier Regression. There are six significant explanatory variables, i.e. percentage of poor people, monthly average of wage/salary/income of employee, mean years of schooling population 15 years of age and over, human development index, school enrollment ratio 16-18 years of age, and life expectancy at birth.
Keyword: voter abstention, spatial error model, spatial autocorrelation, k-nearest neighbor, election

Judul: Factors Affecting the Decision to Chose the President using Theory of Planned Behavior
Abstrak: Rakyat Indonesia merupakan pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi di Indonesia karena Indonesia menganut sistem demokrasi, dimana rakyat Indonesia merupakan pemegang kekuasaan tertinggi di Indonesia yang memiliki hak memperoleh kesempatan dan hak bersuara dalam mengatur kebijakan pemerintahan. Demokrasi di Indonesia mencakup banyak aspek, salah satunya adalah politik. Walaupun distribusi penduduk Indonesia sampai saat ini masih terkonsentrasi di Pulau Jawa, namun tidak menjadikan fokus pemasaran politik hanya berpusat pada Pulau Jawa saja. Adanya batasan usia, pendidikan, wilayah geografis, atau kondisi sosial ekonomi dalam pemasaran politik, maka dibutuhkan strategi pemasaran yang tepat. Pelaku politik yang akan terlibat dalam pemilihan presiden perlu mengetahui karakteristik dan perilaku pemilih agar dapat menentukan strategi berkomunikasi secara efektif. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik responden, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengambilan keputusan dengan menggunakan theory of planned behavior dan membandingkan antara hasil penelitian dengan hasil rekapitulasi KPU. Data diolah menggunakan analisis SEM dengan perangkat lunak AMOS 23.0. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah WNI dari luar Pulai Jawa yang sudah berusia minimal 17 tahun dan telah terdaftar dalam daftar pemilih tetap. Kuisioner yang disebarkan secara online menjadi salah satu faktor karakteristik responden didominasi oleh Generasi Z dan Y. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor yang memengaruhi niat memilih di luar Pulau Jawa yaitu sikap dan norma subjektif, sedangkan niat memilih tidak berpengaruh terhadap keputusan memilih. Perbandingan hasil rekapitulasi dan hasil penelitian yang berbeda kemungkinan disebabkan adanya swing voters yaitu pemilih yang menjadi penentu suara pada detik-detik terakhir pemilu., Indonesian people are the highest authority in Indonesia because Indonesia has adopted a democratic system, the Indonesian people are the highest power holders in Indonesia who have the right to get opportunities and voice rights in regulating government policy. Democracy in Indonesia covers many aspects, one of them is politics. Although the distribution of Indonesia's population is still concentrated in Java, the focus of political marketing is not only on the island of Java. There are restrictions on age, education, geographical or socio-economic conditions in political marketing, then the right marketing strategy is needed. Political actors who will be involved in the presidential election need to know the characteristics and behavior of voters to determine an effective communication strategy. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of respondents, analyze the factors that influence decisions using the theory of planned behavior and compare between the results from the research and the KPU recapitulation. Data were processed using SEM analysis with AMOS 23.0 software. Respondents in this study were Indonesian citizens from outside Java who were at least 17 years old and already registered in the final voter list. The questionnaire distributed online is one of the characteristic factors of respondents who are dominated by Generation Z and Y. The results showed that the factors that influence the intention to vote outside of Java are attitudes and subjective norms, while the intention to vote does not affect the decision to choose. The comparison of the results of the recapitulation with the results of different research is probably due to the swing of voters, namely voters who determine the vote in the last seconds of the election.
Keyword: Voting intention, Voting decision, Structural Equation Model, Theory of Planned Behavior, Presidential Election

Judul: Penapisan Awal Senywa Bioaktif Antibakteri Dari Melati Laut (Clerodendrum inerme)
Abstrak: Bakteri tertentu rnerupakan mikroba penyebab penyakit (patogen) bagi manusia dan makhluk hidup lainnya. Oleh karenanya banyak usaha untuk melawan bakteri-bakteri patogen antara lain dengan upaya penemuan senyawa antibakteri. Su~nber alami yang banyak dimanfaatkan senyawa antibakterinya adalah beberapa jenis tumbuhan. Salah satu jenis tumbuhan yang diduga mengandung senyawa antibakteri yaitu daun melati laut (Clerodendrum in erlne). Melati laut merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh di daerah pesisir yang digunakan dibidang kesehatan (medicine), diantaranya untuk pengobatan reumatik, bisul dan penyakit kulit serta mengatasi gangguan perut (Bunyapraphatsara dan van Valkenburg, 2001).
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