Judul: In Vitro Micropropagation and Induction of Alkaloid Accumulation in Jeruju (Hydrolea spinosa L.).
Abstrak: Hydrolea spinosa is one of the potential plant for antimalarial drugs. Alkaloid compound in this plant has antiplasmodial activity. Conventional vegetative propagation through auxilarry branching was inhibited cause required its habitation, i.e. wetland. Tissue culture as an alternative propagation technique of this plant was required a protocol of its micropropagation. This method was also used in the effort of the improvement of alkaloid content through various of manipulation methods. The objectives of these research were to find out the effect of plant regulators and explants types on shoot induction, proliferation and elongation, calli induction of H. spinosa tissue culture, and to improved alkaloid content with several methods in vitro. Shoot induction and proliferation was studied using shoot tip and node segments within various concentration of BAP, whereas calli induction from young leaf and stem explants used various concentration of auxins (2.4-D and NAA) with high level of cytokinin (BAP). Shoot elongation was carried using different strength of MS salts (full-, a half-, one-quarter strength) and with or without addition of gibberellin (GA3). Precursor amino acids (tryptophan), elicitor (salicylic acids) and high sucrose feeding (6%) used to improve alkaloid content in calli and shoot cultures. Cytokinin level produced a significant response on the numbers of shoot formed per explants and also showed effect on node number. Both of shoot tip and node segments had an equal potential as explants in shoot induction and proliferation. The presence of plant growth regulator was important to induce calli but the level was no significant effect on calli initiation. The young leaf explants was rather than stem in calli induction. The half strength of MS salts produced rooting of the shoot with vigorous performance. Planlets produced from elongation phase were acclimatized and had viability as 75%. All of the treatments were not improve the alkaloid content qualitatively.
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Judul: Penggunaan Beberapa Jenis Sitokinin Terhadap Multiplikasi Tunas dan Pertumbuhan Binahong (Anredera cordifolia [Ten.] Steenis) secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Biological diversity in Indonesia occupied third place in the world that using to fulfill needs of basic necessities and supply of medicines. Utilization of medicinal plant in domestic region become larger in a row with improvement of people awareness to consumed natural medicines. Binahong (Anredera cordifolia [Ten.] Steenis) is one of medicinal plant that have a potention to expand as medicine basic commodity. It also useful to treat any diseases and motivated some researchers to examine their bioactive substances. This examination also need research about multiplication using tissue culture technique. Application various of single cytokinin in different concentration is expected able to influenced shoot multiplication and growth of binahong to keep this plant preservation. The research consist of two experiments that first experiment is monitoring effect of sterilization treatment to contamination level, browning and death. Whereas second experiment is monitoring about the effect media treatment in various of cytokinin (AdSO4, BAP, kinetin and thidiazuron) with different concentration (0,50; 1,00; 1,50; and 2,00) mg/l to shoot multiplication and growth of binahong. In second experiment compiled using RAL statistic method with 10 repetations. Parameters are shoot amount (adventif and lateral shoot), height increment, leaf amount, root amount and callus process. In sterilization treatment shows addition of 70 % alcohol during 3 minutes gived highest success percentage (92,76 %). Lowest success percentage happend in control sterilization treatment (46,99 %). Shoot multiplication and growth of binahong shows in 1 MST. This research produced two various of shoots which is adventif shoot ang lateral shoot. Average great amount of shoots produced by 1,50 mg/l kinetin treatment (2,10 adventif shoot) and 1,50 mg/l BAP (3,90 lateral shoot). Control media not produced both of shoots. MS media with addition 0,50 mg/l kinetin showed average height increment and the best amount of leaves are 4,33 cm and 4,70 sheet. In every treatment shows root formation with greatest number produced by control media (8,80 roots). Callus formed in great part of explants that planted in treatment media except in AdSO4 (0,50; 1,00; and 2,00) mg/l and control media. Conclusion of this research is addition various of cytokinin with different concentration in MS media have obvious influental to the parameters.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf