Judul: Analisis Beban Kerja dan Korelasinya terhadap Produktivitas Kerja pada Proses Produksi CPO di PMS Semuntai PTPN XIII Pasir, Kaltim.
Abstrak: The processing of fresh fruit bunch (FFB) into crude palm oil (CPO) is basically an oil extraction process which takes place in 8 processing stations,which are loading ramp, sterilizer, thresher, screw press, clarifying, kernel plant, boiler, and engine room. FFB processing activities in a palm oil mill with a capacity of 50 tones FFB hour-1go on 24 hours daily. The palm oil mill still uses men power as tool and engine operators which are arranged into night work and day work shifts. This mill has a dynamic working system so that there is a close relationship between technology as a machine and human as a labor. A relatively heavy work, noisy work environment, and hot temperature could result in a risk of exhaustion, work accident, and lowering work productivity. Analysis of workload through direct heart rate measurement of the operator when performing work on the station can provide the actual workload condition that occured. This study aims to analyze the level of workload and its correlation to work productivity in palm oil processing plant with a capacity of 50 tonnes FFB hour-1, as well as analyzing the number and distribution of optimal labor based on workload level, energy consumption and labor duration. This research was conducted at Semuntai Palm Oil Mill, which belongs to PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIII. The research activities carried out at 8 processing stations involving 18 operators. Heart rate analysis was conducted to determine operator’s workload level qualitatively and quantitatively using a Heart Rate Monitor. Heart rate measurement began with the step test calibration to determine the characteristics of the heart rate of each operator and was followed by measuring subject’s heart rate when performing work on each processing station. Workload level indicator (qualitative) was presented in the terminology of Increase Ratio of Heart Rate - IRHR (Syuaib 2002), while the rate of energy consumption (quantitative workload) was presented in the terminology of Total Energy Cost (TEC) in the unit of kcal per time. In addition to energy consumption we also measured labor productivity of operator for each day work and night work shift. Value of labor productivity could be seen from the TBS capacity that could be processed by each operator on his station and the effective time that needed to accomplish the job. Measurement of ambient condition of work environment on processing stations included noise levels, temperature, and humidity. The ambient condition of work environment showed that noise level at processing stations varied between 77.73 and 108.40 dB, with the highest level occuring at engine room. Work environment temperature at processing stations varied between 27.50 and 36.43 C, where the highest temperature also occured at engine room. Relative humidity at processing stations varied between 21.19 and 71.1 % where the highest level occured at clarifying station. The result showed that the level of workload in general was “light” to “moderate” with the Increase Ratio of Heart Rate (IRHR) value of 1.15 to 1.74. The highest workload level occured at boiler station with IRHR value of 1.74. The effective work time needed to accomplish the whole work target
Keyword: Palm oil mill, workload, FFB processing

Judul: Analisis Beban dan Kapasitas Kerja pada Aktivitas Pemanenan Kelapa Sawit Secara Manual di PT. Astra Agro Lestari
Abstrak: Oil palm is one of the main plantation commodities in Indonesia. The important factors that must be considered to produce palm oil (CPO and PKO) with a maximum quality is the manual harvesting method. The aims of this research is to identify the labour work load and energy cost in the harvesting activities, and based on that to find out the ideal working capacity of the harvesting worker. The work load and work energy cost analysis were conducted based on heart rate measurement. Eight workers of under 30 years of age and eight workers of over 30 years of age were observed as the subjects. The tree height and relief of the land were the main working variables which took a place in the experimental design. In the case of subjects aged > 30 years old, it can be seen that the harvesting energy consumption rate using egrek in R2 land (6.23 kcal /stem) has a lower value than the R3 land (7.71 kcal/stem) as well as in the case of subjects aged < 30 years old with a value of R2 (6.47 kcal/stem) and R3 (7.99 kcal/stem). Moreover, the energy consumption rate of harvest activity using dodos is also lower for the subjects aged > 30 years old (5.33 kcal/stem) compared to subjects aged < 30 years old (5.70 kcal/stem). Based on this value, it noteworthly shows that the subject aged < 30 years old has the greater energy consumption rate (work load). The amount of energy consumption rate is highly influenced by the skill level of workers which then resulted a greater fatigue level. Briefly, the greater energy consumption rate, the lower ideal capacity most likely to be generated
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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