Judul: Konstruksi promotor gen leafy kakao pada vektor ekspresi dengan sistem gateway dan transformasi ke Agrobacterium sp.
Abstrak: Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the plantations with a good prospect because the world demand of cocoa is expected to be growing. The increased demand of cacao is contributed with a major problems related to the cultivation is cherelle wilt. Cherelle wilt in cocoa is a physiological disease that cause by the abnormalities of the genes who is responsible to the flowering process. One of the genes that play a major role in the flower formation is the LEAFY gene and LEAFY gene promoter is expected to activate LEAFY genes. The objective of this research is to construct three size of LEAFY gene promoter (1041 bp, 702 bp, and 349 bp) into the expression vector with gateway system by knowing the size of an effective related to the gene expressed. LEAFY gene promoter in size 1041 bp, 702 bp, and 349 bp to be inserted into a donor vector (pDONRTM221) and then into the specific destination vector for promoter. The recombinant plasmid has been analyzed after transformation into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL-O give a result in a DNA band about 8002 bp, 7663 bp, and 7310 bp. The conclusion of this research by the three measures of LEAFY gene promoter, which is 1041 bp, 702 bp, and 349 bp have been successfully inserted into the expression vector with the gateway system and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL-O then ready to be transferred into the plant.
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Judul: Penyisipan Gen LEAFY Lengkap Tanaman Kakao pada Vektor Ekspresi dan Transformasi ke dalam Agrobacterium sp.
Abstrak: Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) is one of the plantations that has important role for the national economy. However, one of the problems faced in the cocoa plantations is cherelle wilt. Cherelle wilt reduces the level of productivity of cocoa. Flowering genes regulate the normal flower formation in cacao. One of the genes that play a major role in the flower formation is the LEAFY gene. Studying the flowering genes are expected to elucidate the effect of these genes to cherelle wilt. The objective of this research is to construct expression vector harbouring fulllength of LEAFY gene. The fulllength of LEAFY gene that has been inserted into the expression vector was then transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL-0. Cloning of LEAFY gene into expression vector was carried out using the Gateway technology. The full size LEAFY gene of 1200 bp was first inserted into a donor vector and then inserted into the expression vector. Characterization of expression vector inserted with LEAFY gene was carried out using the PCR plasmid technique which resulted in a DNA band of 500 bp. Expression vector inserted with LEAFY gene was transformed into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL-0. Analysis of recombinant plasmid after transformation into the Agrobacterium tumefaciens AGL-0 using PCR plasmid technique result in a DNA band of 500 bp. The conclusion of this research is that the fulllength of LEAFY gene had successfully been inserted into the expression vector with Gateway technology.
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Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg