Judul: Pemanfaatan Tepung Meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) sebagai Imunostimulan Herbal pada Budidaya Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) di Tambak
Abstrak: This research was conducted to test the efficacy meniran on various doses as immunostimulant herbs in the pond of shrimp. Treatment that is given in this study i.e. the addition of flour meniran 10 mg/kg (A), the addition of flour meniran 20 mg/kg (B), and the addition of flour meniran 30 mg/kg (C) and the control (without the addition of flour meniran). White shrimp are stocked in the net hapa size 150 cm x 100 cm x 100 cm with an average weight of 2,52 + 0,29 g/tail and age 42 days at a density of 300 tail/hapa nets. The results showed a dose flour meniran 20 mg/kg of feed to give the best results against white shrimp immune response with the highest total value of 4,46 + 0,05 log 10 cells/ml3.
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Judul: Aplikasi Meniran dan Kombinasinya dengan Jahe dan  Madu Melalui Pakan terhadap Imunitas dan Resistansi serta Pertumbuhan Tokolan Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Abstrak: Imunostimulan merupakan bahan yang dapat merangsang sistem imun pada tubuh udang melalui mekanisme pertahanan non-spesifik. Bahan-bahan fitobiotik yang berpotensi mengandung imunostimulan yaitu meniran, jahe dan madu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis aplikasi meniran dan kombinasinya dengan jahe dan madu melalui pakan terhadap imunitas dan resistansi serta pertumbuhan pada tokolan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Bobot rata-rata tokolan udang yang digunakan yaitu 0,29 ± 0,02 g/ekor dengan padat tebar 100 ekor per akuarium 60 × 40 × 40 cm3, dengan tinggi air 25 cm. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan yang meliputi perlakuan K (kontrol tanpa herbal), Me (meniran), MeJa (meniran-jahe), MeMa (meniran-madu) dan MeJaMa (meniran-jahe-madu). Pemberian pakan dilakukan secara restricted sebanyak 8% dari biomassa sesuai hasil sampling setiap minggunya. Pemberian pakan dilakukan sebanyak empat kali sehari yaitu pada pukul 07.00, 11.00, 15.00 dan 19.00 WIB. Pasca pemeliharaan dilakukan uji tantang dengan bakteri V. harveyi serta uji ketahanan dengan bahan kimia formalin. Hasil terbaik uji tantang dengan V.harveyi yaitu pada perlakuan MeJaMa dengan tingkat kematian terendah yaitu 54,54 ± 9,09% (K+ 87,88 ± 13,88% ). Hasil uji formalin terbaik juga terdapat pada perlakuan MeJaMa dengan tingkat kematian sebesar 25% (K+ 53,33%) dan tingkat ketahanan sebesar 2,60 (K+ 1,50) (skala 1-4). Hasil uji pada kinerja pertumbuhan menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) dengan kontrol. Pakan yang dikombinasi dengan ekstrak meniran, jahe dan madu dengan dosis total 1% mampu meningkatkan imunitas dan resistansi tokolan udang vaname yang diinfeksi bakteri Vibrio harveyi dan uji formalin. namun tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada kinerja pertumbuhan., Immunostimulants are substances that can stimulate the immune system in shrimp through non-specific defense mechanisms. Phytobiotic ingredients that have the potential to contain immunostimulants are meniran, ginger and honey. The purpose of this study was to analyze the application of meniran combined with ginger and honey through feed against immunity and resistance and also growth in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei).. The average weight of the prawns used was 0,29 ± 0,02 g / fish with a stocking density of 100 fish per aquarium 60 × 40 × 40 cm3, with a water height of 25 cm. This study consisted of five treatments with three replications which included treatment K (control without herbs), Me (meniran), MeJa (meniran-ginger), MeMa (meniran-honey) and MeJaMa (meniran-ginger-honey). Feeding was restricted to 8% of the biomass according to the sampling results each week. Feeding is carried out four times a day, namely at 07.00, 11.00, 15.00 and 19.00 WIB. After maintenance, a challenge test was carried out with V. harveyi and a chemical resistance test with formalin. The best result of the challenge test with V.harveyi was the MeJaMa treatment with the lowest mortality rate of 54,54 ± 9,09% (K + 87,88 ± 13,88%). The best formalin test results were also found in the MeJaMa treatment with a mortality rate of 25% (K + 53,33%) and a resistance level of 2,60 (K + 1,50) (scale 1-4). The test results on growth performance showed results that were not significantly different (P> 0,05) with the control. The feed combined with extracts of meniran, ginger and honey with
Keyword: ginger, honey, immun, meniran, white shrimp juvenils

Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
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