Judul: Pemanfaatan gas karbon tungku sekam untuk pengembangan kompor dengan bahan bakar campuran air dan bahan bakar nabati/bahan bakar fosil dengan metode kavitasi
Abstrak: The world's population continuously grows at a quarter million people per day. This fast growing population has raised the world energy consumption up to 474x1018 J per year with 80 to 90 percent derived from the combustion of fossil fuels. It is estimated that the fossil energy will be lasted in 42 years. Rice husk is an alternative of non-fossil energy that may be utilized in traditional way of cooking (burning it in a traditional stove). One of the renewable energy has great potential to overcome the energy crisis was utilization of rice husk to husk stove. However, the utilization of rice husks to generate carbon gas stove that quite a lot. Excessive concentration of carbon in the air is not a good for the environment, because the excees carbon released into the air can make climate change will complicate things even further. So, we need a new alternative to utilize carbon gases from burning the husk. The purpose of the utilization of carbon gases from burning rice husk is to create alternative energy that can reduce the release of carbon into the air as part of efforts to reduce global warming impact method used in the manufacture of alternative energy is the method by cavitation. In order to reduce the gas pollution the gas may be mixed with kerosene and water using sonochemical technique to produce dry steam, so the dry steam from cavitation process can be used as fuel. The process result can be done to boil 1 liter water with energy efficiency between 11.44% - 18.16%. The stove with fuel of waterbio ethanol using cavitation method can be used to boil 1 liter water with energy efficiency between 13.25% - 17.50%. Carbon flown on stove interfered toward energy efficiency and can accelerate boiling time of 1 liter water.
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Judul: Optimization of Oxygen Flow Valve Hole in Small Industrial Scale  Husk Furnaces
Abstrak: Penggunaan bahan bakar berbasis fosil seperti minyak bumi dan gas bumi yang semakin tinggi menyebabkan adanya ketidakseimbangan kebutuhan energi dengan ketersediaan energi tersebut. Oleh karena itu dilakukan pemanfaatan biomassa sekam padi sebagai energi alternatif yang diaplikasikan pada kompor biomassa berupa tungku sekam. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengoptimasi efisiensi tungku sekam skala industri kecil dengan menvariasikan lubang katup aliran oksigen dan massa air yang dipanaskan. Pengujian pada tungku sekam dilakukan dengan metode Water Boiling Test (WBT) dengan parameter uji: waktu pembakaran, FCR, daya masuk, daya keluar, daya yang hilang, energi radiasi, dan konduktivitas termal bagian wajan dan cerobong tungku sekam. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap 4 variasi lubang katup aliran oksigen (horizontal: 18 x 36 cm2 dan 27 x 36 cm2, vertikal: 27 x 24 cm2 dan 27 x 12 cm2) dan 3 variasi massa air yang dipanaskan (6 kg, 12 kg, 18 kg). Diperoleh efisiensi tungku sekam paling tinggi pada pemanasan 18 kg air, dan berdasarkan tiap parameter uji, kinerja tungku sekam paling optimum pada lubang katup horizontal 27 x 36 cm2 dengan rata-rata efisiensi 17,32%., The increasing use of fossil-based fuels such as oil and natural gas causes an imbalance between energy demand and the availability of that energy. Therefore, the use of rice husk biomass as an alternative energy is applied to a biomass stove in the form of a husk stove. The aim of this research is to optimize the efficiency of a small industrial scale husk furnace by varying the oxygen flow valve holes and the mass of the heated water. The test on the husk furnace was carried out using the Water Boiling Test (WBT) method with test parameters: combustion time, FCR, input power, output power, power loss, radiant energy, and thermal conductivity of the pan and chimney of the husk furnace. Tests were carried out on 4 variations of the oxygen flow valve holes (horizontal: 18 x 36 cm2 and 27 x 36 cm2, vertical: 27 x 24 cm2 and 27 x 12 cm2) and 3 variations in the mass of heated water (6 kg, 12 kg, 18 kg). The highest efficiency of the husk furnace was obtained at heating 18 kg of water, and based on each test parameter, the performance of the husk furnace was most optimum at the horizontal valve hole 27 x 36 cm2 with an average efficiency of 17.32%.
Keyword: efficiency, husk furnace, optimization, oxygen flow valve hole, rice husk, WBT

Judul: Profil Antibodi IgM dan IgG pada Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) setelah Diinfeksi Virus Dengue Serotipe-3 (DEN-3) melalui Rute Intravena
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to detect IgM and IgG in pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) primarily innoculated by Dengue virus serotype-3 (DEN-3) by intravenous route. A total of 84 plasma samples were examined in the study. Plasma samples were taken on day 0 before infection, followed by plasma collections on day 1 through day 13 post infection. The obtained plasma samples were analyzed using indirect ELISA test. The results showed the increasing titer of IgM started on day-3 post infection with its peak occurred on day 11 post infection and started to decline afterward; while the IgG titer started to increase on day 6 or day 7 post infection and continue to increase until the day 13 post infection. These results showed that in a primary infection of DEN-3 byintravenous route, the tendency of IgM titer increase was higher than the IgG titer increase; also shown that the IgM titer increase was occured earlier than IgG. The profile of IgM and IgG antibodies is outlined in this study.
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