Judul: Pemodelan Spasial Resiko Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Abstrak: Kebakaran hutan di Indonesia pada tahun 1997/1998 telah mendapatkan perhatian luas baik nasional maupun internasional. Peristiwa tersebut menghanguskan 11,7 juta Ha hutan dengan kerugian ekonomi sebesar 1,62 – 2,7 milyar dollar dan menghasilkan emisi karbon berkisar 206,6 juta ton karbon serta dampak asapnya mempengaruhi kehidupan 75 juta jiwa (Tacconi 2003). Untuk sektor transportasi udara, kerugian total berkisar antara Rp 100,78 – Rp 122,69 milyar. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan belum termasuk dampak terhadap kerusakan ekologis, hilangnya keanekaragaman hayati, menurunnya produktivitas tanah, timbulnya dampak sosial di masyarakat dan lain sebagainya.
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Judul: Pendugaan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca CO2 Akibat Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan pada Berbagai Tipe Tutupan Lahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Tahun 2000-2009
Abstrak: Forest fire is one of forest disturbance that may reduce forest area in Indonesia. West Kalimantan is one of Indonesian provinces that are vulnerable to forest fire. It is caused by land use changes that occurred in West Kalimantan Province. Forest fire has a huge impact, it has related with carbondioxide (CO2) emissions are produced. This research was conducted between April and June 2012 at Forest Fires Laboratory, Departement of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The data used is hotspot data from Fire Information Resources Management System (FIRMS), precipitation data from Center for Meteorology Climatology and Geophysic (BMKG), and land cover map of West Kalimantan from Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). Hotspot data were processed to estimate burned area in each land covers, thus carbondioxide emissions could be obtained. The purpose of this research is to analyze forest and land fire occurrences on different land covers in West Kalimantan in 2000-2009 and to estimate their carbon dioxide emissions., Kebakaran hutan merupakan salah satu gangguan yang semakin menurunkan luas hutan di Indonesia. Kalimantan Barat merupakan salah satu provinsi dengan tingkat kebakaran hutan dan lahan yang tinggi di Indonesia. Hal tersebut didorong oleh perubahan penggunaan lahan yang terjadi di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan memiliki dampak yang sangat besar, salah satunya terkait emisi karbondioksida yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kejadian kebakaran hutan dan lahan pada berbagai tipe tutupan lahan di Kalimantan Barat dan menduga luas area terbakar dari titik panas yang terdeteksi di Kalimantan Barat pada tahun 2000-2009 serta menduga emisi karbondioksida yang dihasilkannya. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April sampai dengan Juni 2012 di Laboratorium Kebakaran Hutan, Departemen Silvikultur, Fakultas Kehutanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dengan menggunakan data hotspot (titik panas) harian, data curah hujan, dan peta tutupan lahan Provinsi Kalimantan Barat. Data sebaran hotspot tersebut diolah untuk memperoleh pendugaan potensi luas area terbakar. Luas area terbakar pada masing-masing penutupan lahan digunakan untuk menduga emisi karbondioksida akibat kebakaran hutan dan lahan.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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