Judul: The effect of Climate Change and Other Determinants on Coffee Prices in Indonesia
Abstrak: Climate change is a severe problem that will be faced by all people in the world. One of the climate changes that often occur and have a significant impact on Indonesia is the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ENSO phenomenon causes fluctuations in rainfall that affect the production of the agricultural sector, especially plantation crops. This study uses the spatial panel analysis method to examine the effect of climate change using rainfall indicators on coffee prices. The data used are from the ten largest coffee-producing provinces with a time span from 2010 to 2020. The results show that rainfall has a significant effect on the increase in coffee prices, followed by other factors, substitution prices, productivity, population, and wages of farm labor in the plantation sub-sector. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an effect on coffee prices.
Keyword: coffee, climate change, ENSO, rainfall, spatial panel

Judul: Kaitan Perubahan Iklim terhadap Harga Pangan serta Hortikultura di Daerah Terdampak Fenomena El Nino dan La Nina
Abstrak: Perubahan iklim menjadi suatu isu global karena berdampak luas pada kondisi sosial ekonomi suatu negara. Faktor utama yang memengaruhi perubahan iklim di Indonesia adalah El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) yang terdiri dari tiga fase yaitu fase El Nino, Normal, dan La Nina. ENSO memainkan peran penting terhadap variasi iklim dan intensitas curah hujan, sehingga dapat berdampak pada sektor pertanian khususnya subsektor tanaman pangan dan hortikultura yang sangat rentan terhadap perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak perubahan iklim terhadap harga pangan dan hortikultura yaitu harga beras, jagung, kedelai dan cabai merah menggunakan metode panel statis. Data cross section memfokuskan pada 10 provinsi yang paling terdampak fenomena ENSO, sedangkan data time series digunakan dari tahun 2011Q1 sampai 2016Q4. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa El Nino berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan harga beras dan kedelai serta penurunan harga jagung. Sedangkan La Nina berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan harga beras dan penurunan harga cabai merah. Secara umum El Nino memberikan dampak lebih besar terhadap harga pangan daripada La Nina.
Keyword: el nino, harga pangan, la nina, panel data, perubahan iklim

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography