Judul: Degradasi in vitro asam fitat rumput dan legum oleh konsorsium bakteri rumen pencerna serat asal kerbau
Abstrak: Phytic acid is the major storage of phosphorus in the seeds of legume and cereal. It is degraded by ruminal bacteria. However the ability of bacteria isolates in degrading nutrients and phytic acid is not clear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of sellulolytic bacteria consortium isolated from rumen buffalo to degrade phytic acid and digest dry matter, as well as organic matter. The first trial evaluated the ability of sellulolytic bacteria consortiom in degrading phytic acid. The consortium of 6 rumen bacteria isolates was incubated anaerobically in media containing pollard, legume and grass for 3, 6 and 12 hours. Phytic acid content contained in the media was determined before and after fermentation. Data were analyzed according to simple statistic. The second trial was designed to evaluate the in vitro fermentability of legumes and grasses. The results suggested that phytic acid was partly degraded by the consortium of rumen bacteria. Degradation of phytic acid was influenced by type of plant and fermentation period. There was no correlation between phytic acid degradation and concentration of VFA, NH3, dry matter and organic matter digestibility. It was concluded that consortium of rumen bacteria was capable in degrading phytic acid contained in grasses and concentrates, but its degradation was not affected by the protein degradation and fermentation of carbohyd
Keyword: 

Judul: Degradasi Asam Fitat pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah Laktasi yang Mendapat Ransum Bersuplemen Kedelai Sangrai, Vitamin dan Mineral
Abstrak: Phytic acid is a chelating agent which has been known as an anti nutrition that binds minerals and reduces their biological availability. The purpose of the research was to observe phytic acid degradation and its relation with mineral absorption and dry matter digestibility, and to evaluate the relation of dry matter digestibility determining by total collection method with that of AIA (acid insoluble ash) method. Eight Etawah Grade lactating goats were allocated to two groups and to dietary treatments of suplemented ration. Lactating goats in treatment 1 and treatment 2 groups were offered a complete feed without or with additional roasted soybean, vitamin A, D, E, and mineral cromium (Cr) organic, and selenium (Se). Phytic acid degradation in treatment 1 goats did not differ from that of treatment 2 goats. Roasted soybean, vitamin and mineral supplementation had no effect on phytic acid degradation. Relationship between phytic acid degradation and nutrient digestibility indicated that degradation of phytic acid had positive corelation with dry matter and crude fiber digestibility, but had not significant corelation with neither crude protein nor crude fat digestibility. Phytic acid was highly degraded in ruminant digestive tract (86,32±3,49%). The degradation phytic acid and mineral absorption indicated that phytic acid degradation had no effect on mineral absorption. Total collection methode had no effect corelation with AIA methode.
Keyword: 

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite