Judul: Kajian Teknik Penyulingan Ulang (Redistilasi) Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu asap Cair
Abstrak: Purification of liquid smoke as a purpose to separate tar and some carsinogenic substances from liquid smoke, so that be get pure liquid smoke that can be used into food as preservative. Redistillation process is efforts to increase liquid smoke quality besides with sedimentation and screening methods. This research was done using redistillation process, with two factor treatment including distillation temperature and coolings water streaming runaway speed. Distillation temperature arrangement in kettle by manages big its gas burner flame to evaporate liquid smoke. Gas burner flame is managed as three conducts, which is little, medium and big. in little flame stage is got distillation temperature acquired 111.5°C, medium flame was 112.5°C, and big flame was 114°C. Coolings water streaming runaway speed which be utilized which is 60 litres/clocks and 120 litres/clocks. performansi's examination distiller tool amongst those temperature data, distillation time, distilat's runaway speed, distillate volume and fuel consumption. That performansi's data is utilized to account temperature difference graphs logarithm on condensor, distillation efficiency and rendeman distillate. process redistillation can upgrade liquid smoke, it visually of colour distilat liquid smoke that acquired more clear and tar's content decreases. The difference quality as rate of chemical, color and resulting aroma really been regarded by crude liquid smoke quality that is used.
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Judul: Manufacture and Characterization of Liquid Smoke from the Torrefacted Palm Oil Solid Waste
Abstrak: Peningkatan luas areal perkebunan serta jumlah industri minyak kelapa sawit akan menyebabkan meningkatnya jumlah limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan memanfaatkan limbah padat kelapa sawit berupa cangkang, pelepah, dan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) untuk dijadikan asap cair melalui proses torefaksi. Rendemen asap cair yang dihasilkan dari limbah cangkang, pelepah, dan TKKS berturut-turut 37,3%, 42,6%, dan 50,8%. Setelah distilasi, asap cair berwarna kuning transparan, tidak ada bahan terapung, keasaman 4,34−5,04%, kadar fenol 0,4−2,5%, pH 2,42−2,49, dan bobot jenis 0,995−1,021. Mutu asap cair cangkang dan pelepah telah memenuhi mutu 2 SNI 8985-2021, untuk kriteria warna, keasaman, fenol, pH, dan bobot jenis. Asap cair TKKS telah memenuhi beberapa standar, yaitu untuk kriteria warna, keasaman, bahan terapung, dan pH. Bobot jenis asap cair TKKS belum memenuhi standar karena <1,005, demikian pula dengan kadar fenol karena > 2,0%. Hasil analisis kromatografi gas-spektrum massa menunjukkian keberadaan senyawa asam, fenol, dan karbonil. Dengan demikian, asap cair yang diperoleh berpotensi sebagai pengawet makanan dan pestisida
Keyword: food preservative, liquid smoke, palm oil waste, pesticide, torrefaction

Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
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