Judul: The Application of Watermarking and Digital Signature Techniques for Data Authentication Service of Digital Image
Abstrak: In this research the process of watermarking and digital signatures are used in the same system. There are three steps to make digital signatures. First step is generating a 128-bit hash value of a digital image using MD5 hashing techniques from a cover image. Second step is modifying the 128-bit hash value using Gray code encoding so that adjacent numbers have a single digit differing by one. Third step is encrypting the modified 128-bit hash value to get a digital signature value using techniques of public key cryptography (asymmetric encryption). The digital signature is used for making a watermark image by transforming every single value of digital signature into binary numbers (two-bit color image). In the process of watermarking, watermark image is inserted into cover image using Cox method and it generates a watermarked image in a grayscale. The reversal process is used for getting back the value of digital signature from a watermarked image. There are two steps in reversal process. First step is watermark extraction. The watermark image is extracted from watermarked image using Cox method and filtered using one of two filtering methods to get the filtered watermark that free from distortion. Second step is verifying digital signatures. The filtered watermark image (two-bit color image) is transformed back into digital signatures value and decrypted using techniques of public key cryptography (asymmetric encryption) to get the modified 128-bit hash value. Gray code decoder is used for changing the modified 128-bit hash value into its original value of 128-bit hash. After that, verify the 128-bit hash value that is generated from reversal process with the 128-bit hash value that is generated from cover image. If the value is similar then the image is valid. This research successfully applied the techniques of digital signature generation, watermark insertion, watermark extraction, and digital signature verification, with note the experiments were performed under normal circumstances (without giving attacks). This application of digital signature and watermarking techniques with additional security service has resistance against JPEG compression attack, but it has no resistance against rotation, cropping, and resizing attacks.
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Judul: Sistem Pemberian Proteksi Hak Cipta Pada Berkas Ijazah Digital (Subsistem Watermarking Pada Ijazah Digital)
Abstrak: A diploma is an evidence for someone who has completed his/her study. Nowaday, a diploma is still in a physical form, printed paper. The development of the Internet has made system that used to be using physical data switch to using digital data. The goal is to apply the provision of copyright protection using watermarking techniques in the digital diploma file. Watermark is a proof of the validity of diploma. Watermark is expected to withstand the attacks from outside parties. The application is developed to apply a watermarking technique. Noise attack was well tolerated with applied technique. Compression attack was well tolerated till 80%. An attack that can’t be detained by applied technique is rescaling attack. Rescaling attack makes the retrieved watermark could not visually recognizable. Cropping attacks generate a watermark which has a similar display same like the cropping on the diploma.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan