Judul: Pengoptimuman Masalah Penjadwalan Empat Hari Kerja Dalam Seminggu Secara Siklis Berbasis Dual
Abstrak: Setiap perusahaan memiliki permasalahan penjadwalan yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi perusahaannya. Pola penjadwalan empat hari kerja dan tiga hari libur berturut-turut dalam seminggu dapat menjadi penjadwalan alternatif untuk beberapa perusahaan. Karya ilmiah ini akan menyelesaikan masalah penjadwalan tersebut dengan menggunakan algoritme yang disusun berdasarkan solusi masalah dual dari suatu pemrograman linear. Algoritme tersebut menghasilkan penjadwalan dengan total pekerja dan biaya yang minimum.
Keyword: dual, empat hari kerja, pengoptimuman, penjadwalan

Judul: Pengoptimuman berbasis dual masalah penjadwalan tiga hari kerja dalam seminggu secara siklis
Abstrak: Solusi dual dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan masalah optimasi penjadwalan tiga hari kerja dengan empat hari libur secara turut-turut dalam seminggu. Pertama masalah dual diselesaikan untuk meminimumkan banyaknya total pekerja. Setelah itu solusi dual digunakan untuk menetapkan pola kerja yang meminimumkan biaya total pekerja. Dari kedua tahap itu dirumuskan algoritme solusi dual untuk menyelesaikan masalah optimasi penjadwalan tersebut
Keyword: dual, integer programming, optimasi, penjadwalan tenaga kerja

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua