Judul: Relasi Kuasa dalam Pengelolaan Sampah di TPA Cipayung Kota Depok
Abstrak: Waste problems faced by the city of Depok such as the accumulation of garbage in some areas of the city Depok due to illegal waste disposal, yet garbage management in landfills and waste disposal in waterbodies across the Depok city. This would be a serious problem because of the production of waste increase every day. Objectives of this study were (1) to analyzethe role of the actors in the way of power in the field of waste management, Depok city, (2) Mapping of actors and interests in waste management, and (3) analyze the relationship and power based actors involved in waste management in Depok area. The results showed that many of the parties involved in waste management, ranging from household or individual persons. The actors interact with each other, intertwined among actors with each other. Each actor can be in the form of individuals or institutions or organizations. Activities of these actors, as well as the relationships between each other, influenced conditions of handling waste. Interests of the parties/actors involved in waste management, as well as the reason why away of handling garbage chosen by individuals/actors, thus affecting the physical appearance of the city of waste side. People cannot wait because the garbage produced everyday, so that using the powers that be in access; the people throw trash on the roadside, unused land and on the river bank/riparian times. There is no one system that can integrate waste management practices, ranging from the source of the waste to landfills. Segmentalisation of handling the waste created as the creativity of the actors in order to exercise power to ensure continuity of interests. Power relations at the level of waste management policy, has shown that the main tasks and functions, as a product of government policy has led to be some waste handled by the agency. But thelinkage/relationship between institutions that are connected by trash, opening opportunities such agencies competing for power imbalances in the control infrastructure, are also strained relations between institutions because of the border and levies.
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Judul: Relasi Kuasa dalam Pengelolaan Sampah di TPA Cipayung Kota Depok
Abstrak: Waste problems faced by the city of Depok such as the accumulation of garbage in some areas of the city Depok due to illegal waste disposal, yet garbage management in landfills and waste disposal in waterbodies across the Depok city. This would be a serious problem because of the production of waste increase every day. Objectives of this study were (1) to analyzethe role of the actors in the way of power in the field of waste management, Depok city, (2) Mapping of actors and interests in waste management, and (3) analyze the relationship and power based actors involved in waste management in Depok area. The results showed that many of the parties involved in waste management, ranging from household or individual persons. The actors interact with each other, intertwined among actors with each other. Each actor can be in the form of individuals or institutions or organizations. Activities of these actors, as well as the relationships between each other, influenced conditions of handling waste. Interests of the parties/actors involved in waste management, as well as the reason why away of handling garbage chosen by individuals/actors, thus affecting the physical appearance of the city of waste side. People cannot wait because the garbage produced everyday, so that using the powers that be in access; the people throw trash on the roadside, unused land and on the river bank/riparian times. There is no one system that can integrate waste management practices, ranging from the source of the waste to landfills. Segmentalisation of handling the waste created as the creativity of the actors in order to exercise power to ensure continuity of interests. Power relations at the level of waste management policy, has shown that the main tasks and functions, as a product of government policy has led to be some waste handled by the agency. But thelinkage/relationship between institutions that are connected by trash, opening opportunities such agencies competing for power imbalances in the control infrastructure, are also strained relations between institutions because of the border and levies.
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Judul: The Concentration of Immunoglobulin G in The Serum of Goat Kids After Giving of Colostrum
Abstrak: Lingkungan yang dihadapi anak hewan yang baru lahir penuh dengan agen penyakit yang sewaktu- waktu dapat menginfeksi dan menyebabkan penyakit. Anak hewan tersebut peka terhadap terjadinya infeksi yang disebabkan tubuhnya belum mempunyai daya tahan tubuh yang sempurna. Untuk meningkatkan kekebalan hidup hewan perlu diberi kolostrum setelah anak hewan lahir. Kolostrum mengandung sumber antibodi awal bagi anak ternak. Anak hewan yang sudah diberi kolostrum akan mengandung antibodi dalam serumnya. Dengan demikian penelitian banyaknya antibodi dalam serum darah akan sangat berguna dalam penentuan daya tahan hewan terhadap berbagai penyakit. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari kadar imunoglobulin G pada serum anak kambing setelah diberi kolostrum induk. Antibodi (imunoglobulin) dalam serum darah dimurnikan dengan metode salting out menggunakan larutan (NH4)2SO4 jenuh. Kemudian imunoglobulin dimurnikan dengan proses dialisis menggunakan membran dialisis dan larutan PBS pada suhu 4°C. Konsentrasi imunoglobulin (IgG) dari sampel dilanjutkan dengan metode spektroskopi UV-VIS pada panjang gelombang 280 nm. Kadar IgG dalam serum tersebut, ditentukan terhadap umur, jenis kelamin, bobot badan dan kelahiran tunggal atau kembar. Kadar IgG dalam serum dari berbagai waktu pengambilan menunjukkan semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya umur dari anak kambing. Mulai dari umur 3 minggu, 6 minggu, 9 minggu dan 12 minggu kadar IgG meningkat untuk semua jenis anak kambing. Kadar yang tertinggi pada minggu ke-12 sebesar 992,6 µg/ml untuk jenis kelahiran tunggal jantan dan yang terendah pada minggu ke-3 sebesar 203,9 µg/ml untuk jenis kelahiran kembar betina. Kadar IgG minggu ke-12 sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01) dibandingkan dengan minggu ke-3, minggu ke-6 dan minggu ke-9. Kadar IgG pada kelahiran kembar jantan sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01) pada minggu ke-6, minggu ke-9 dan minggu ke-12 dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada minggu ke-3, sedangkan pada kelahiran tunggal jantan sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01) dibandingkan dengan tunggal betina pada minggu ke-9 dan minggu ke-12 sedangkan pada minggu ke-3 dan minggu ke-6 berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Kadar IgG anak dengan jenis kelamin jantan dan kelamin betina semakin meningkat dengan menurunnya bobot badan induk. Kadar IgG anak semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya bobot badan anak untuk kelahiran tunggal betina, tunggal jantan, kembar jantan dan kembar betina. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar imunoglobulin G pada serum anak kambing yang diberi kolostrum meningkat sesuai dengan bertambahnya umur. Imunoglobulin G anak kambing jenis kelahiran tunggal jantan paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan anak kambing yang lainnya.
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