Judul: Isolation and Identification of Oligosaccharides from Forest Honey of Mount Tambora Sumbawa.
Abstrak: Isolat oligosakarida madu hutan Gunung Tambora Sumbawa telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas prebiotik. Aktivitas prebiotik tersebut diyakini berasal dari oligosakarida dengan DP 3-4. Namun, kandungan oligosakarida madu hutan Gunung Tambora Sumbawa belum pernah diteliti sebelumnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi oligosakarida madu dengan DP 3-4 serta mendapatkan optimasi metode dalam prosesnya. Preparasi sampel dilakukan dengan adsorpsi arang aktif dan pengadukan dalam etanol 10% untuk menghilangkan monosakarida serta etanol 50% untuk pemulihan oligosakarida. Deteksi dan isolasi oligosakarida dilakukan dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT) menggunakan campuran eluen butanol: asam asetat: air (3:1:1 v/v) dengan glukosa (DP 1) serta maltosa (DP 2) sebagai standar. Identifikasi dilakukan menggunakan Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) dengan glukosa, maltotriosa (DP 3), dan maltotetraosa (DP 4) sebagai standar. Preparasi oligoskarida menghasilkan 2.09% rendemen. Isolasi oligosakarida menghasilkan 3 spot dengan Rf berturut-turut: 0.38 (DP 1), 0.31 (DP 2), dan 0.22 (DP>2). Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa madu murni mengandung karbohidrat DP 1, DP 3, dan DP 4 berturut-turut 2182.96, 246.94, dan 118.71 (μg/mL) sedangkan isolat oligosakarida mengandung karbohidrat DP 1, DP 3, dan DP 4 berturut-turut 278.34, 95.03, dan 118.71 (μg/mL).
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Judul: Isolasi Oligosakarida Madu Lokal dan Analisis Aktivitas Prebiotiknya
Abstrak: Oligosaccharides are the most prebiotic studied, and are natural component of honey. Sumbawa and Kalimantan forest are local honey producers in Indonesia but its oligosaccharide content and prebiotic had never been investigated yet. Oligosaccharide isolated with activated charcoal adsorption and ethanol treatment. Effectiveness of this method is evaluated by Thin Layer Chromatography and colorimetry. The isolates then subject to prebiotic examination. Honey from Sumbawa forest has higher oligosaccharides content than honey from Kalimantan. Qualitative and quantitative assays showed oligosaccharide isolation method were effective to concentrate the oligosaccharide with high degree of polymerization but ineffective for mono- and disaccharides removal. Percentages of hydrolysis of oligosaccharide from Sumbawa and Kalimantan by mimic gastric juice were 1.78% and 0.59 %. Whereas, the hydrolysis was higher with amylase, 11.87% for Sumbawa and 21.03% for Kalimantan honey oligosaccharides. Prebiotic activity was 0.32, and 0.09 for honey oligosaccharide from Sumbawa and Kalimantan respectively. Honey oligosaccharide from Sumbawa presented higher prebiotic activity than inulin as prebiotic reference (0.11). GC-MS chromatogram showed L. acidophilus cultured in media added with Sumbawa honey oligosaccharide produced lactic acid as the highest metabolite (48.01%).
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Judul: Truncated Stop Loss as a Optimal Solution of Reinsurance Agreement in One-Period Model
Abstrak: Reinsurance is one of risk management efforts of an insurance company, which is called the cedent. Similar with insurance, reinsurance constitutes the cedent to pay the premium. We consider one-period reinsurance model and derive a rule which minimizes the ruin probability of the cedent for a fixed reinsurance premium. Therefore, it is needed to construct an optimal reinsurance agreement for the cedent. The premium is calculated according to four different principles, i.e. economic, generalized zero-utility, Esscher, and mean-variance principles. Stop loss is a reinsurance contract which protect the insurance company for losses that exceed a certain amount. The result of this research shows that a truncated stop loss is an optimal agreement in the class of all reinsurance contracts with various premiums calculated using above mentioned principles.
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