Judul: Determinants of Velocity of Money : Access, Depth, Efficiency, and Stability of Banking Institutions
Abstrak: Sektor keuangan berperan dalam perekonomian yang produktif dengan penyedia layanan keuangan dan fasilitas permodalan. Salah satu bagian dari sektor keuangan adalah lembaga perbankan yang memiliki fungsi intermediasi keuangan dan menyediakan layanan pembayaran. Peran lembaga perbankan terhadap produktivitas sektor rill dapat dilihat dari kecepatan perputaran uang (velocity of money). Kecepatan perputaran uang yang tinggi mengindikasikan penggunaan uang yang optimal dalam perekonomian. Kecepatan perputaran uang dipengaruhi oleh keputusan keuangan, seperti konsumsi, menabung, dan pengeluaran. Perkembangan lembaga perbankan adalah faktor yang dapat meningkatkan fungsi intermediasi keuangan dan sistem pembayaran perbankan melalui empat aspek, yaitu akses, kedalaman, efisiensi, dan stabilitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan dalam menganalisis perkembangan lembaga perbankan melalui aspek akses, kedalaman, efisiensi, dan stabilitas, serta pengaruh aspek-aspek tersebut kepada kecepatan perputaran uang. Melalui analisis deskriptif, hasil studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa perkembangan lembaga perbankan di Indonesia yang terus berubah sepanjang waktu dengan akses perbankan digital dan elektronik yang semakin besar, kedalaman dan efisiensi yang meningkat seiring waktu, dan stabilitas lembaga perbankan yang baik dan sehat. Sedangkan melalui analisa kuantitatif melalui regresi error correction model (ECM), studi menunjukan bahwa aspek perkembangan lembaga perbankan, seperti akses, kedalaman, efisiensi, dan stabilitas berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan perputaran uang di Indonesia., Financial sector plays important role in a productive economy by providing financial services and capital sources. One part of the financial sector is banking institutions that have a financial intermediation function and facilitate the payment system. The role of banking institutions on real sector productivity can be seen from the velocity of money. High velocity of money indicates an optimal use of money in the economy. The velocity of money is influenced by financial decisions, such as consumption, saving, and spending. The development of banking institutions is a factor that can improve the function of financial intermediation and the banking payment system through four aspects, such as access, depth, efficiency, and stability. This research aims to analyze the development of banking institutions through the aspects of access, depth, efficiency, and stability, as well as their influence on the velocity of money. Using descriptive analysis, it is concluded that the development of banking institutions in Indonesia continues to change over time with greater access to digital and electronic banking, increasing depth and efficiency over time, and good and healthy stability of banking institutions. The result of quantitative analysis using error correction model (ECM) regression, it is concluded that aspects of the development of banking institutions, such as access, depth, efficiency, and stability affect the velocity of money in Indonesia.
Keyword: development of banking institutions, ECM regression, Indonesia, velocity of money

Judul: Analisis Strategi Efisiensi Perbankan Indonesia dalam Menghadapi Era Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN
Abstrak: The study is motivated by the need for more efficient Indonesian banks when the ASEAN economic cooperation scheme in the banking sector is carried out in 2020. Both quantitative and qualitative methods were deployed to answer the research questions. The quantitative analyses are stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) and panel data regression with Indonesian banking population data for 2007–2016. Analysis at the ASEAN level uses a sample of the 20 largest banks in 2014-2016. A desk study, surveys, focus group discussions (FGD), and analytic network process (ANP) were used for qualitative analysis. Both types of analysis are complementary to each other so that the results can answer questions and research objectives comprehensively. Some conclusions related to banking management and regulatory policies have been made and are expected to support Indonesia's banking industry to be more competitive in the future. Throughout the last ten years up to 2016, the efficiency of Indonesian banking has not experienced an increase. Indonesian banking efficiency is normally distributed with an average value of 67.7%, with a minimum value of 41.1% and a maximum of 93.3%. The stochastic frontier model shows that all input and output factors, as well as price variables, are significant. The magnitude of variables, from the biggest to the lowest, is operating costs (0.30), labor costs (0.26), and fixed assets (0.05) . Bank size does not affect efficiency, while differences in ownership and type of Islamic or conventional bank significantly affect efficiency. The average value of bank efficiency per country is as follows: Singapore (93.1%), Malaysia (75.2%), Philippines (75.2%), Thailand (75.0%), Indonesia (65.7%), and Vietnam (64.2%). Indonesia's banking condition is characterized by high profit and low efficiency, which is a feature of the "Quiet-Life Hypothesis." This condition makes Indonesian banks less likely to be more efficient because their profitability is high enough even in an unefficient condition. A separate study is needed to develop an effective incentive system. At the national level, determinants analysis of banking efficiency at the national level shows that BOPO, ROE, and NIM are significant at 1% level, affecting efficiency. Banks with greater NIM conditions tend to be less efficient due to "quiet-life" conditions, where in a wider margin position there is less incentive for banks to be more efficient. The determinants model of banking efficiency at the ASEAN level shows that the variable 3-month deposit rate (3MRATE) is significant in all models with a greater magnitude than many other macroeconomic variables. Another significant determinant is NPL for TOBIT and PLS models, with a negative relationship. It is certainly very logical that the banking industry, which has many loan problems, will be increasingly inefficient. This research supports previous studies that show higher deposit rates tend to make a banking system less efficient. The strategy map has a weight of 30.0% for the financial perspective, 24.4% for the customer perspective, 19.4% for the internal perspective, and for the learning and growth perspective, 26.2%. The financial perspective has a short time dimension; the results are expected in the near future. The overall strategy map model is a management tool to identify various strategic
Keyword: Banking Efficiency, Efficiency Strategy, Stochastics Frontier Analysis, Strategy Map

Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
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