Judul: Karakteristik Kolagen Kulit Ikan Kakap Merah (Lutjanus spp.) sebagai Bahan Fortifikasi Minuman Karbonasi
Abstrak: Kolagen merupakan protein yang paling berlimpah dalam tubuh makhluk hidup dengan proporsi 30% dari total protein tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan karakteristik kolagen kulit ikan kakap merah (Lutjanus spp.) serta aplikasinya pada minuman karbonasi. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu tahap ekstraksi kolagen kulit ikan kakap merah dengan larutan NaOH 0.1 M, hidrolisis dengan larutan CH3COOH 0.1 M, dan tahap formulasi minuman karbonasi dengan fortifikasi kolagen. Kulit kakap merah menghasilkan nilai rendemen kolagen sebesar 3 (%bb); pH dari kolagen 7.34; asam amino kolagen didominasi oleh glisin, prolin, asam glutamat, alanin, arginin dan memiliki gugus fungsi amida A, amida B, amida I, amida II dan amida III. Karakteristik organoleptik minuman karbonasi dengan penambahan kolagen 0.1% memiliki nilai terbaik pada parameter aroma, warna, rasa dan efek sparkle. Nilai pH terendah terdapat pada konsentrasi penambahan kolagen 0.5%. Hasil angka lempeng total terendah pada produk dengan konsentrasi kolagen 0.3 % dan 0.5%.
Keyword: kolagen, kulit ikan kakap merah, minuman karbonasi

Judul: Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Sifat Fisis Kolagen dari Limbah Sisik Ikan Kakap Merah
Abstrak: Kolagen merupakan jaringan ikat matriks ekstraseluler yang keberadaannya berlimpah yaitu sekitar 30% dari total protein. Pemanfaatan limbah sisik ikan menjadi bahan baku kolagen mampu meningkatkan nilai tambah limbah sisik ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh kolagen kasar menggunakan metode ekstraksi asam dari limbah sisik ikan laut, yaitu ikan kakap merah dan campuran serta menganalisa karakteristik fisis meliputi rendemen, vibrasi molekul, viskositas, dan analisis termal yang diuji menggunakan FTIR, viskometer, dan DSC. Ekstraksi kolagen pada kedua jenis sisik ikan tersebut dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai rendemen kolagen yang dihasilkan dari sisik ikan kakap merah sebesar 6.43±0.35% dengan karakteristik viskositas 15.97±0.3 cP sedangkan nilai rendemen kolagen yang dihasilkan dari sisik ikan campuran sebesar 7.08±0.49% dengan karakteristik viskositas 15.60±0.1 cP. Hasil FTIR kolagen menunjukkan kelompok Amida yaitu Amida A, Amida B, Amida I, Amida II dan Amida III. Kolagen sisik ikan kakap merah memiliki karakteristik termal yaitu suhu denaturasi pada 84.48 °C.
Keyword: DSC, ekstraksi, FTIR, kakap merah, kolagen, sisik ikan, viskositas

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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