Judul: Kinerja Rangkaian Seri pada Sistem Microbial Fuel Cell sebagai Penghasil Biolistrik dari Limbah Cair Perikanan
Abstrak: Electricity is generally sourced from fossil energy that is natural resources and can nott be renewed. The use of non-renewable energy make us to find a new alternative energy. One of technologi which can make a new energy resource is Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC). MFC is a system which uses the bacterium to oxidize inorganic and organic matters. The technology can apply on wastewater, for example the wastewater of fisheries. The purpose of this research is to identify electrical results from performance which use against series circuits on the fisheries wastewater with MFC system. Electrical potential results during 120 hours observation are 0,115 V was for two vessels, 0,259 V was for three vessels and 0,534 V was for four vessels which all of vessels arranged into series circuits. The results test of fisheries wastewater show reduced in COD, BOD, TAN and total nitrogen, while MLSS and MLVSS increased in five days observations
Keyword: series circuits., wastewater analysis, microbial fuel cell, fisheries wastewater

Judul: Pemanfaatan Cairan Inokulan Bakteri Pengurai Limbah Cair Perikanan pada Microbial Fuel Cell Satu Bejana Sebagai Penghasil Biolistrik
Abstrak: Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) is a type of bioelectrochemical system (BESs) that converts biomass into electrical energy through the metabolic activity of microorganisms. This technology can be applied for wastewater treatment such as fishery wastewater containing much nutrient. The objectives of this research were to determined the effectiveness of the use of bacterial inoculant in wastewater to produce bioelectricity and to reduce the wastewater load. The treatment of this study was addition of the bacterial inoculant decomposing wastewater at concentration 0.05% (P1), 0.1% (P2), 0.2% (P3), and 0.4% (P4) with density 1x109 CFU/mL. The average electricity results for 120 hours observation from P1 to P4 were 461.48 mV, 417.99 mV, 411.13 mV and 429.05 mV respectively. The highest ability to reduce BOD parameter was 37.1% (P1), COD 70.42% (P3), total N 38.34% (P3), and TAN parameter 47.35% (P4). The largest biomass increasing occured at P3, MLSS and MLVSS values has changed from 2,800±141 mg/L and 2,100 mg/L to 6,500 mg/L and 5,100 mg/L.
Keyword: wastewater analysis., Microbial Fuel Cell, fishery wastewater, bacterial inoculants

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite