Judul: Komponen Non Karkas Sapi Brahman Cross Hasil Penggemukan.
Abstrak: Komponen non karkas merupakan hasil ikutan dari pemotongan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan komponen non karkas pada sapi brahman cross tipe penggemukan. Ternak yang digunakan adalah sapi brahman cross sebanyak 100 ekor yang terdiri atas 50 ekor sapi brahman cross jantan kastrasi (steer) dan 50 ekor sapi brahman cross dara (heifer). Peubah yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah rataan bobot hidup, komponen non karkas organ eksternal yaitu kepala, kaki dan kulit, serta komponen non karkas organ internal yaitu lemak, jeroan (offal) merah, dan jeroan (offal) hijau. Analisis data menggunakan uji T tidak berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sapi brahman cross steer memiliki bobot hidup lebih tinggi dibandingkan sapi brahman cross heifer (P<0.05). Sapi brahman cross steer memiliki bobot organ eksternal lebih tinggi dibandingkan sapi brahman cross heifer (P<0.05). Bobot organ internal non karkas dan proporsi komponen non karkas baik organ eksternal maupun internal sapi brahman cross steer dan heifer tidak berbeda. Komponen non karkas sapi brahman cross dapat menghasilkan nilai ekonomis dan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pangan.
Keyword: heifer, non karkas, steer

Judul: Percentage of Carcasses, Non Carcasses and Offal Brahman Cross Cattle For Any Size of Body Weight.
Abstrak: Persentase karkas adalah perbandingan antara bobot hidup dan bobot karkas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan persentase karkas, non karkas, jeroan, dan tingkat kehilangan sapi Brahman Cross pada berbagai ukuran berat hidup. Sapi Brahman Cross dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok berdasarkan kelas bobot hidup. Setiap kelompok terdiri atas dua sapi Brahman Cross. Kelas pertama memiliki bobot hidup 450-500 kg, kelas kedua memiliki bobot hidup 501-550 kg, dan kelas ketiga memiliki bobot hidup 551-600 kg. Seluruh sapi disembelih di rumah potong hewan yang telah tersertifikasi oleh pemerintah. Hasil pemotongan terdiri atas bobot karkas, non karkas, dan jeroan. Hasil potong diukur menggunakan timbangan digital yang telah disediakan oleh rumah potong hewan PT. Elders Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan hewan yang memiliki bobot hidup 501-550 kg adalah paling optimal berdasarkan bobot karkas, jeroan, dan tingkat kehilangan.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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