Judul: Keefektifan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular dan Gliocladium fimbriatum dalam Mencegah Busuk Pangkal Batang (Botryodiplodia theobromae) pada Jeruk
Abstrak: Nowaday, in Indonesia, stem rot (Botryodiplodia theobromae) is the most important disease on citrus which may cause 200 555 tonnes yield loss of its production. The high disease severity may cause the death of citrus plant. Some studies have reported the succesfull of biocontrol agents in controlling several diseases especially soilborne disease. Therefore, the aimed of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of Fungi Mycorrhiza Arbuscular (FMA), Gliocladium fimbriatum, and their combinations to prevent stem rot disease on citrus seedlings (Citrus nobilis). Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular (FMA), as well as G. fimbriatum mass culture has infested in the rizosphere of citrus seedlings. Artificial inoculation of B.theobromae has done by wounding technics of the basal stem citrus seedlings 15 cm of soil surface. The observations of experiments were latent period, disease incidence, severity incidence, infection rate, and FMA association (%). Fungi Mycorrhiza Arbuscular, Gliocladium fimbriatum, and their combinations are effective and efficient in reduced the disease severity and improved plant vigor.
Keyword: stem rot., Fungi Mycorrhiza Arbuscular (FMA, Gliocladium fimbriatum, citrus, Botryodiplodia theobromae

Judul: Peran Mikoriza Arbuskular, Kitosan, Dan Trichoderma Harzianum Dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang (Botryodiplodia Theobromae Pat.) Pada Tanaman Jeruk
Abstrak: Saat ini, penyakit busuk batang yang disebabkan oleh Botryodiplodia theobromae Pat. telah dilaporkan sebagai penyakit penting pada tanaman jeruk. Beberapa penelitian telah melaporkan keberhasilan agens hayati dalam mengendalikan beberapa penyakit terutama penyakit tular tanah. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan kajian yang bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi keefektifan mikoriza arbuskular, kitosan, Trichoderma harzianum, dan kombinasinya untuk mengendalikan penyakit busuk batang pada bibit jeruk. Hasil uji in vitro dalam cawan petri menunjukkan bahwa T.harzianum dapat menghambat pertumbuhan B. theobromae hingga 96.35% dalam 5 hari. Hasil uji in planta menunjukkan perlakuan tunggal mikoriza arbuskular, kitosan, T. harzianum dan kombinasinya dapat menekan keparahan penyakit (16% - 27%) serta meningkatkan kekuatan pada bibit jeruk. Tingkat keparahan penyakit yang tinggi (38.89%) terjadi pada perlakuan kontrol tanpa menggunakan agens hayati maupun kitosan pada 63 hari setelah inokulasi (hsi), dengan periode laten 19.8 hsi. Perlakuan mikoriza arbuskular pada 63 hsi memperlihatkan tingkat asosiasi mikoriza pada akar mencapai 37.12%. Perlakuan tunggal mikoriza arbuskular dan T.harzianum, kombinasi mikoriza arbuskular dengan kitosan, serta kombinasi T.harzianum dengan kitosan merupakan perlakuan yang efektif dan efisien dalam mengendalikan penyakit busuk pangkal batang pada bibit jeruk.
Keyword: Botryodiplodia theobromae, busuk pangkal batang, jeruk, mikoriza arbuskular, Trichoderma harzianum.

Judul: Pengaruh Pairing pada Isotop Sn dengan Menggunakan Pemodelan Sembilan Tingkat Energi
Abstrak: Formation of the neutron-rich tin isotopes (Sn isotopes) is the one of the interesting topics in the field of nuclear reaction, especially regarding the stability of the heavy nuclei. Calculations of total energy using the BCS approach using five energy levels can only calculate the total energy up to Sn50132. On the other hand, the experiment continues and has exceeded the formation of isotopes. Therefore, there is need for a new model to accomadate more neutrons. In this research, Sn isotopes is modelled using nine energy levels and constant interaction potential to explain the pairing phenomenon up to Sn50154. However, to obtain more accurate results, other methods to minimize the differences with the experimental results are clearly needed here.
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