Judul: Pengaruh Pengelolaan Hutan berbasis Kearifan Lokal terhadap Kelestarian Keanekaragaman Hayati
Abstrak: Hutan Adat Kasepuhan Karang merupakan salah satu hutan adat yang telah diakui keberadaannya oleh negara. Masyarakat Adat Kasepuhan Karang merupakan masyarakat yang tinggal di wilayah hutan adat tersebut karena memiliki ikatan pada lingkungan alam. Berdasarkan sejarah hidupnya, mereka meyakini kearifan lokal dalam mengelola hutan yang telah diwariskan oleh leluhur. Kearifan lokal tersebut berbentuk anjuran dan larangan yang diyakini dapat memberikan dampak pada kondisi hutan termasuk kelestarian keanekaragaman hayatinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kepatuhan masyarakat adat pada anjuran dan larangan terhadap kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati di Hutan Adat Kasepuhan Karang. Metode penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif menggunakan kuisioner yang didukung dengan data kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepatuhan masyarakat menjalankan anjuran berpengaruh terhadap kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati. Sementara itu kepatuhan menjauhi larangan tidak berpengaruh terhadap kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati. Hal ini disebabkan karena masyarakat memandang larangan tidak berdampak langsung pada kondisi hutan.
Keyword: kearifan lokal, hutan adat, kelestarian keanekaragaman hayati

Judul: Pengaruh Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Adat Kampung Naga Terhadap Pengelolaan Hutan
Abstrak: Kearifan lokal, nilai, norma, dan aturan-aturan masyarakat adat yang bermukim di sekitar hutan mempunyai relasi yang kuat dengan kelestarian hutan di sekitarnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan, pertama, menganalisis sejauh mana kearifan lokal masyarakat Kampung Naga berperan terhadap perlindungan dan pengelolaan hutan. Kedua, menganalisis strategi nafkah komunitas Kampung Naga. Penelitian menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pertama, proses ajar kearifan lokal di Kampung Naga, berlangsung melalui dua saluran. Saluran pertama melalui ruang keluarga atau rumah tangga. Saluran kedua berlangsung melalui ruang kampung. Dalam ruang keluarga/rumah tangga berlangsung proses ajar tentang perilaku sehari-hari, cara berpakaian, cara memasak, hingga cara budidaya padi. Pemimpin adat, sesepuh, dan ustadz tidak banyak berperan di ruang ini. Di dalam ruang kampung berlangsung proses ajar tentang upacara adat, cara pemanfaatan hutan, cara budidaya di kawasan hutan, hingga pembangunan rumah. Mereka yang berperan besar dalam proses ajar ini adalah pemimpin adat, sesepuh, menyusul terakhir adalah warga komunitas Kampung Naga. Hasil yang kedua, dengan berbagai luas penguasaan lahan, sektor pertanian (on farm) masih memberikan sumbangan terbesar terhadap pendapatan total rumah tangga (>65 persen). Mata pencaharian warga umumnya merupakan perpaduan dari usaha tani (on farm), usaha anyaman bambu (off farm), dan jasa secara terbatas (pedagang, atau buruh).
Keyword: pengelolaan hutan, kearifan lokal, strategi nafkah

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable