Judul: Formulasi Nugget Ikan Tongkol dengan Penambahan Jamur Tiram dan Tepung Sukun
Abstrak: Anak usia sekolah (6 – 12 tahun) berada pada masa perkembangan sehingga membutuhkan zat gizi yang juga meningkat. Pedoman gizi seimbang untuk kelompok anak usia sekolah menyebutkan bahwa anak perlu dibiasakan mengonsumsi ikan. Anak usia sekolah juga membutuhkan asupan kalsium yang cukup untuk pertumbuhannya. Nugget banyak diminati oleh berbagai kalangan masyarakat dan mudah dikembangkan dengan berbagai isian, seperti ikan tongkol dan tepung sukun yang mengandung kalsium. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan formula terbaik nugget ikan tongkol dengan penambahan jamur tiram dan tepung sukun sebagai pangan alternatif untuk anak usia sekolah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signfikan pada tekstur, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar karbohidrat, dan kadar kalsium. Formula terpilih yaitu nugget ikan tongkol tanpa penambahan jamur tiram (F1). F1 memiliki kadar air 44.63%, abu 1.84%, protein 14.91%, lemak 8.34%, karbohidrat 29.84%, dan kalsium 83.35%. Kandungan gizi tersebut memenuhi kebutuhan protein 21.20%, lemak 13.54%, karbohidrat 8.97%, dan kalsium 8.25% berdasarkan ALG kelompok umum. F1 memenuhi klaim sumber protein.
Keyword: Ikan tongkol, jamur tiram, kalsium, nugget, tepung sukun

Judul: Development of Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Nugget Products Substituted with Mackerel Fish Bone for Adolescence Girls
Abstrak: Nugget merupakan makanan olahan yang cukup digemari terutama pada remaja. Nugget berbahan ikan kembung dapat dijadikan alternatif makanan selingan yang dapat membantu menambah asupan zat gizi pada remaja putri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan produk nugget ikan kembung dengan substitusi tulang ikan kembung sebagai pangan alternatif bagi remaja putri. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga formula dengan persentase daging ikan kembung dan tulang ikan kembung yang berbeda yaitu F1 (100:0), F2 (90:10), dan F3 (80:20). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik dan analisis zat gizi, formula nugget yang dipilih adalah formula nugget ikan dengan substitusi tulang ikan kembung sebesar 10%. Formula terpilih nugget ikan memiliki kadar air sebesar 50,05%; kadar abu sebesar 3,34%; lemak sebesar 2,41%; protein sebesar 12,03%; karbohidrat sebesar 32,16%; zat besi sebesar 5,46 mg/100 g; serta kalsium sebesar 211,25 mg/100 g. Nugget ikan kembung memiliki takaran saji sebesar 100 gram yang menyumbang energi sebesar 198 kkal. Produk nugget formula terpilih dapat menjadi makanan sumber protein, kalsium, dan zat besi berdasarkan ALG bagi kelompok umum.
Keyword: adolescence girls, calcium, nugget, protein, Rastrelliger kanagurta

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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