Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4

Judul: Katalis Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol Berbasis Kalsium Ferit dan Kalsium Ferit Didoping Cu.
Abstrak: Oksidasi selektif dari hibridisasi karbon sp3 menjadi senyawa karbonil merupakan salah satu transformasi yang penting dalam kimia, seperti oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida. Penelitian ini, menggunakan katalis oksidasi benzil alkohol berbasis kalsium ferit (CFO) dan kalsium ferit didoping Cu (CFOCuχ). Katalis disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi dengan prekursor CaCl2•2H2O dan FeCl3•6H2O, serta konsentrasi doping (Cu(NO3)2•3H2O) 10, 30, dan 40% mol terhadap Fe. Sampel dikalsinasi pada suhu 750 oC selama 4 jam. Pencirian material menggunakan spektroskopi difraksi sinar-X pada kalsium ferit (CFO) menghasilkan fase Ca2Fe2O5 dan Fe2O3, sedangkan kalsium ferit didoping Cu 40% (CFO-Cu40%) menghasilkan fase CuFe2O4, Fe3O4, dan CaCO3. Kinerja material dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol dengan H2O2 sebagai oksidator pada suhu 60 dan 75 oC selama 4 jam dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi gas. Katalis terbaik untuk oksidasi ialah CFO-Cu40% dengan persen konversi benzil alkohol 98.47% dan untuk oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida ialah CFO-Cu10% dengan kadar benzaldehida 6.91%.
Keyword: Kalsium ferit, oksidasi, benzil alkohol, benzaldehida, oksidator

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates