Judul: Analisis Efektifitas Tata Kelola Program Pemberdayaan Kampung (PPK) Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Pengembangan Wilayah Perdesaan di Kabupaten Jayapura Provinsi Papua
Abstrak: Model pembangunan yang berpusat pada pertumbuhan dengan filosofi bila terjadi akumulasi kapital dikalangan kelas atas atau pusat, maka kapital tersebut akan menetes kebawah (tricle down effect). Namun sejarah menunjukkan bahwa "trickle down effect" tidak mampu mengangkat kesejahteraan penduduk. Suatu studi komprehensif antar bangsa yang meliputi 74 negara yang dilakukan oleh Adelman dan Morris (1978), menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan GNP cenderung diikuti oleh suatu penurunan dalam proporsi relatif pendapatan nasional yang diterima penduduk termiskin. Dengan demikian efek tetesan ke bawah tidak terjadi. Sebaliknya, yang terjadi justru penyedotan ke atas (trickle-up effect) atau malahan akan terjadi penyedotan produksi (production squeeze). Hal ini terjadi karena program-program pembangunan direncanakan secara terpusat (top down), yang seringkali tidak sesuai dengan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi dan kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat bawah yang menjadi tujuan pembangunan. Pemberdayaan diyakini sebagai sebuah "model pembangunan alternatif" atas model pembangunan yang berpusat pada pertumbuhan. Pemberdayaan merupakan sebuah konsep pembangunan ekonomi yang merangkum nilai-nilai sosial. Konsep ini mencerminkan paradigma baru pembangunan, yakni yang bersifat "people centred, participatory, empowering, and sustainable" (Chambers, 1995). Konsep ini lebih luas dari hanya semata-mata memenuhi kebutuhan dasar (basic needs) atau menyediakan mekanisme untuk mencegah proses pemiskinan lebih lanjut (safety net), yang pemikirannya belakangan ini banyak dikembangkan sebagai upaya mencari alternatif terhadap konsep-konsep pertumbuhan di masa yang lalu. Konsep ini berkembang dari upaya banyak ahli dan praktisi untuk mencari apa disebut sebagai alternative development, yang menghendaki 'inclusive democracy, appropriate economic growth, gender equality and intergenerational equaty" (Kartasasmita, 1997)...dst
Keyword: Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Dampaknya Terhadap Pengembangan Wilayah Perdesaan

Judul: Effectiveness of village empowerement program and its impact on the development of rural areas in Jayapura Distric
Abstrak: A development model which is based on community empowerement is believed to be an alternative to replace the growth based development model. The emergence of the community empowerement concept is caused by the failure of economic development models in dealing with the problem of poverty and sustainable environment, and the alternative concept is expected to include the values of democracy, gender equality, and adequate economic growth. Jayapura is the only district in the Papua Province which applies the development model based on community empowerement called Village Empowerment Program . This program allocates funds from the distric government to village/sub district governments. It operated from 2005 to 2009. Results of data analysis using statistical descriptive methods showed that (1) the management of Village Empowerement Program in each region varied, in which the village of Simporo had the best management of the other three villages, (2) the Village Empowerement Program had a positive impapct on regional development, which is indicated by the increases in the level cocoa production, land size and income after the implementation of Village Development Program in Jayapura.
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Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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