Judul: Spatial dynamic model of fishery system: case of small pelagic fisheries area development at Central Mollucas Regency
Abstrak: Disparities of fisheries development in Central Mollucas regency were indicated by differences in fishery system dynamics. High potency and good access to the utilization of small pelagic fishes in the WPP-RI 714 and 715 do not guarantee the welfare of fishers in the region. This condition requires the touch of a fisheries development strategy based on the dynamics of fishery systems. The purpose of this research is to develop the model of spatial dynamics of the fishery system in the area development of small pelagic fisheries. Specially, to analyze spatial dynamics of fisheries system includes natural, human and management subsystems to determine fishing ground accessibilities as an instrument to develop the small pelagic fisheries area, to defining primary commodities, main fishing units and its optimal allocation to support small pelagic fisheries area development, and to determine effects of fishery management policies on small pelagic fisheries area development. The study produced Model of TipoSan, InSist and MoDiS that accommodate the dynamics of the fisheries system components to develop small pelagic fisheries area. Spatial dynamics of natural subsystems which configuration the dynamics of fishing ground accessibility, implications to determine the base of small pelagic fisheries area through nearest access, (2) primary commodities of pelagic fishes are Decapterus spp. Selaroides leptolepis, Elagastis bipinnulatus, Rastrelliger spp. and Stolephorus indicus; seleted fishing technologies are purse seine, boat/raft lift net, vertical hand line, and drift gill net with optimum allocation are 175 units of purse seine and 1,643 units of vertical hand line; and 31.263 fishers; (3) the spatial dynamics of management subsystems based on goverment policies is still weak to supporting the development of small pelagic fisheries area in Central Mollucas regency.
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Judul: Development of Pelagic Fishing Unit in South Bangka Regency
Abstrak: The fishery condition in South Bangka Regency still has some limitation, among others are the capacity and unattainability of fishing ships, low fishermen knowledge in the modern fishing technology, and capability of local fishermen to fish in a long period is limited, so that they tend to use fishing gear that only sufficient to use a long the shore.Another fact proved that in general fish resource utilization is still carried out using stationary fishing net i.e. bottom gillnet and hand line so that the fishery potency especially pelagic fish is not optimized. The objectives of the research are first to carried out a selection on fishing unit based on, biology, economy, and social aspects, secondly to look for optimum pelagic fishing allocation in the South Bangka Regency and third to determine the strategy for the development of pelagic fishery in South Bangka Regency. The methodology being used were survey and observation on the pelagic fishery condition at the research location. Data was obtained through direct interview with the pelagic fishery fishermen based on the fishings gears they used. Interviews were also carried out with the fishery stakeholders and collectors i.e. PPI Sadai and local fishery ageny officers. The dominant fishing gears used by the fishermen were line fishing, stationary life net, and gillnet. A new fishing gear that was the millenium net that was introduced by Andon fishermen from Indramayu Regency. Based on the financial criteria analysis the stationary life net has the bighest R/C value compared to other fishing gears. Therefore, it is expected that stationary life net will develop rapidly. However, looking into the investment criteria the stationary life net has low B/C value compared to boat life net. In this regard, both fishing gears could be considered to be developed in South Bangka Regency. The analysis of the four (4) aspects i.e. biology, technical, economy, social presented that in sequence the unit that has good prospect to be developed are millennium net boatlife net, line fishing, stationary life net, and gillnet. To have optimum utilization of existing pelagic fish resource a strategy was prepared based on the resource characteristic and local community. The first strategy is fish resource utilization using environment friendly fishing gear and second improved productivity and value added of pelagic fish. The formulated strategy could be taken as a reference by the South Bangka Regency Local Government to decide the policy and program in the development of the pelagic fish in this area using the fishing principle that are accountable and environment friendly, beside that the program should be able to overcome the problem arouse in the community to reach higher fishermen productivity and welfare.
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Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4