Judul: Pengontrolan Suhu dalam Ruang Pengeringan dengan Sistem Kontrol Fuzzy
Abstrak: Suhu dan kelembaban udara (RH) merupakan salah satu karakter fisik yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas bahan-bahan hasil pertanian selama proses pasca panen. Pengeringan merupakan proses pasca panen yang dapat dilakukan di dalam rumah kaca, untuk menanggulangi perubahan suhu dan RH yang tidak diharapkan di dalam ruang pengering rumah kaca maka dilakukan pengendalian suhu dengan menggunakan kontrollogika fuzzy. Untuk membuat sistem pengendalian suhu dengan kontrol logika fuzzy ini menggunakan komputer, interface PCL-812PG, rangkaian aktuator, elemen pemanas, rangkaian sensor dengan sensor suhu dari diode IN4148 dan catu daya yang merupakan perangkat keras, sedangkan perangkat lunaknya berupa program pengontrolan dengan bahasa Turbo Pascal.
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Judul: Pengaturan suhu dengan pengontrol fuzzy
Abstrak: Suhu memiliki peranan penting dalam berbagai proses. Perubahan suhu mempengaruhi kualitas bahan-bahan hasil pertanian selama penyimpanan. Kontrol suhu diperlukan untuk menanggulangi masalah ini. Sistem kontrol digital telah banyak dibuat dengan bantuan komputer mikro. Metoda pengontrolan dengan mempergunakan persamaan proporsional, integral dan derivatif memungkinkan pencapaian kondisi yang diinginkan mengikuti persamaan tersebut. Metode lain yang masih relatif baru adalah dengan menggunakan logika fuzzy. Dengan menggunakan logika fuzzy tidak lagi diperlukan persamaan matematik yang presisi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari teori fuzzy dan penerapannya pada sistem kontrol serta menerapkan kontrol logika fuzzy dalam pengontrolan suhu ruangan. Manusia pada dasarnya menilai suatu obyek secara kualitatif, misalnya rumah mahal atau langit cerah. Pernyataan "mahal" dan "cerah" mengandung ketidakpastian tentang pada kuantitas berapa sesuatu itu dikatakan mahal atau cerah. Ketidakpastian inilah yang mendasari dicetuskannya teori fuzzy oleh L.A. Zadeh tahun 1976. Himpunan fuzzy pada dasarnya merupakan perluasan himpunan crisp, yaitu himpunan seperti yang telah umum dikenal, yang membagi keanggotaan menjadi anggota dan bukan anggota. Himpunan fuzzy merupakan fungsi keanggotaan u yang memetakan anggota-anggota himpunan tersebut pada selang [0,1]. Bila x adalah anggota himpunan maka u(x) adalah derajat kecocokannya dengan konsep yang direpresentasikan oleh himpunan tersebut. ...
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Judul: Morphology of the gastrointestinal tract of Bandicoot Echymipera kalubu (Marsupialia: Peroryctidae).
Abstrak: Bandicoot (Echymipera kalubu) is one of marsupial which belonging to peroryctidae as well classified as endemic in Papua Island. In Papua, that species has been commonly utilized for dishes as source of protein, and traditional medicine purposed. Therefore, it requires a conservation effort in order to provide sustainability. Biological information of E. kalubu as a baseline data was quite limited. Aim of this study was to assess morphological characteristics of the digestive tract of E. kalubu’s (Marsupialia: Peroryctidae) macroscopically, microscopically and histochemically. The study was used five of adult E. kalubu with the average of body weight was 1.16 ± 0.29 kg and length of head and body was 38.2 ± 4.76 cm. Macroscopic observation were consist of morphological characteristic and morfometric of the body and the digestive track including situs viscerum. Firstly the animals was anaesthetized by combination of 50mg/kg BB Ketamine® and 10mg/kg BB Xylazine® by IM injection. The microscopic observation was used of HE, AB pH 2.5 and PAS staining methods. The result was documented with Cannon EOS 400D and microscope facilitated with Nikon Eclipse E600 for macro- and microphotography respectively. The results were then analyzed descriptively and presenting on tables and figures. Esophagus of E. kalubu was quite long with 10.92 ± 1.97 cm in length and 0.28 cm in diameter, and located along dorsamedial tracheal tube. The stomach was located in the cranial part of the left abdominal cavity. The anterior part was adjacent to diaphragm muscle, the ventro medial was covered by liver and the lateral part by spleen. The stomach of E. kalubu was simple type with short lesser curvature. The length of greater curvature was 9.1 ± 2.2 cm dan lesser curvature was 2.1 ± 0,6 cm. The intestine was relatively short that were 77.5 ± 14.4 cm in length or about two times of the body length. About ± 1.8 cm of cranial part of small intestine was piercing of both bile duct and pancreatic duct to the duodenal mucosa. However, the small and large intestines could be distinguished by the presence of caecum that was 3.4 ± 0.68 cm in length. The mucosae of esophagus E. kalubu was consist of stratified squamous epithelium with no keratinization. At the border of esophagus and stomach, the epithelium was change abruptly to a simple columnar epithelium. The muscularis mucosae was composed of smooth muscle which tends to be thicker to the caudal. The mucus type of esophageal glands were examined in the submucosal layer. The glands were found in large number in the cranial and decreased gradually toward the caudal. The number of esophageal gland was allegedly to be related to the long size of esophagus which was necessary for lubricating of food. The muscularis externa as long as the esophagus of E. kalubu were consisted of skeletal muscle. Existence of the skeletal muscle in the whole parts of esophagus presumed that mechanical function of esophagus was dominant. The glandular stomach of E. kalubu’s was differentiated as cardiac, proper gastric (fundic) and pyloric glands region. The cardiac gland was quite narrow and found in the
Keyword: Bandicoot, Echymipera kalubu, marsupials, gastrointestinal tract