Judul: Status Resistensi Aedes Aegypti Terhadap Insektisida Golongan Organokarmabat Dan Pola Kejadian Demam Berdarah Dengue Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan salah satu penyakit penting di Indonesia yang ditularkan melalui vektor nyamuk. Pengendalian vektor dengan insektisida banyak digunakan dan dapat menimbulkan terjadinya masalah resistensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan status resistensi Ae. aegypti terhadap bendiokarb dan menganalisis pola kejadian DBD di Kota Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara standar WHO (1975) menggunakan susceptibility test kit dengan impregnated paper berbahan aktif bendiokarb 0,1%. Telur nyamuk Ae. aegypti diperoleh dengan menggunakan ovitrap dari 12 kelurahan di Kota Bogor. Telur-telur dipelihara sampai nyamuk generasi F2 kemudian diujikan terhadap insektisida bendiokarb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase kematian nyamuk pada 3 isolat Ae. aegypti (Sindang Rasa, Pamoyanan, Panaragan) telah resisten terhadap bendiokarb dan 9 isolat nyamuk Ae. aegypti (Sukadamai, Harjasari, Situgede, Semplak, Sindang Sari, Ciwaringin, Kayu Manis, Ciluar, dan Kedung Halang) berstatus toleran. Hubungan antara kasus DBD dengan indeks curah hujan dari tahun 2010 sampai 2013 menunjukkan nilai r = 0.264 dan nilai P = 0.07 > 0.05. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya peningkatan indeks curah hujan diikuti oleh peningkatan kasus DBD tetapi hubungan ini tidak signifikan karena hanya berpengaruh sebanyak 26,4% pada peningkatan kasus DBD di Kota Bogor.
Keyword: Aedes aegypti, bendiokarb, demam dengue, resisten, toleran

Judul: Status Kerentanan Vektor Aedes aegypti terhadap Insektisida dan Kaitannya dengan Kejadian Kasus Demam Berdarah di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Nowadays, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is still one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially in Bogor City. Spraying insecticides with malathion are the most common activity to control Aedes aegypti as a Dengue vector. The objective of this study was to obtain data on susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti to malathion (organophosphate), bendiocarb (carbamate) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid) in Bogor City. The research was carried out by using the method of susceptibility test (WHO 1975) which contained malathion 0,8%, bendiocarb 0,1% and deltamethrin 0,025% impragnated paper. Ae. aegypti was collected by ovitrap from 12 endemic regions in Bogor City. The eggs were hached and reared in laboratory until F2 generations, then treated by those insecticides. The result showed that based on percentage of mortality, five isolates of Ae. aegypti (i.e. Lawang Gintung, Kebon Kelapa, Kebon Pedes, Kedung Waringin, and Tegal Gundil) were resistant against malathion (organophosphate); five isolates (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng, and Bantarjati) were tolerant; and two isolates (i.e. Baranangsiang and Cilendek Barat) were still susceptible. Otherwise, all strains of Ae. aegypti from 12 regions in Bogor City were resistant against bendiocarb (carbamate) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid). Meanwhile the result of RR50 value showed that eight isolates (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng, Bantarjati, Baranangsiang dan Cilendek Barat, Kebon Kelapa) were resistant against malathion; four isolates of Ae. aegypti (i.e. Lawang Gintung, Kebon Pedes, Kedung Waringin, and Tegal Gundil) ware not resistant (RR<10). Otherwise, all strains of Ae. aegypti from 12 regions in Bogor City were resistant against bendiocarb and deltamethrin (RR>10). The susceptibility status of 12 Ae. aegypti isolates in Bogor City were also performed in distribution by map. The study on dengue cases in Bogor City showed that the high insidence of dengue was related to the high frequency of using insecticides as one of the vector control method. Beside that the dengue cases in Bogor City during the years of 2008- 2012 were also related to the climate factors such as precipitation, temperature and humidity. The result analysis of correlation between dengue cases and precipitation for 5 years showed significant values (P<0,05) on seven areas (i.e. Baranangsiang, Kebon Kelapa, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, Bantarjati, Tegal Gundil, and Kedung Waringin). However, five areas showed no significant values (P>0,05) (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng and Lawang Gintung). Meanwhile, the relationship of dengue cases with average temperatures for five years showed no significant values in all area of Bogor City. Futhermore, the relationship of dengue cases with average humidity during the years of 2008-2012 showed significant values (P<0,05) in five areas (i.e. Baranangsiang, Kebon Kelapa, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, and Bantarjati), while the seven areas (i.e Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, Lawang Gintung and Menteng) showed no significant values (P>0,05).
Keyword: Aedes aegypti Linn, Insecticide resistance, organophosphate, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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