Judul: . The Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Leukocytes Differential after Immunized using AntiH5N1 IgG Microcapsules and Infected by Indonesian Isolate AI H5N1 Virus.
Abstrak: Avian Influenza caused by Avian Influenza virus H5N1 is a zoonotic disease for which there is no drug or vaccine available yet. The immunotherapy using IgG anti AI H5 can be an alternative therapy. The microcapsule contain IgG anti AI H5N1 have been designed for in ovo test, the result showed that the microcapsule has high potential to neutralized AI H5N1. Furthermore this study was a in vivo examination that design for efficacy test was conducted in Rat. The hematological profile of animal model was evaluated to understand the microcapsule IgG anti AI H5N1 capability in vivo which has never been reported. This research aimed to study the profile of leukocytes differential of rats (Rattus novergicus) that was infected by the H5N1 Avian influenza virus after treated by using anti-H5N1 IgG microcapsules. As much as 54 male rats, with aged 3 months were divided into three groups. The first group was a control group (K (-)) which only given PBS as placebo., second group infected by AI H5N1 virus (K (+)), and thelast group were administered by IgG anti H5N1 microcapsules and infected with the AI H5N1 virus (KP). The leucocyte were count under microscope to determine the leukocyte differential. Blood smear samples were taken at 0, 36, and 72 hours. The data were analyzed by ANOVA method and Duncan's analysis test in 95% confidence level. The results of the observations showed a tendency to decrease the percentage of lymphocytes ofrat that were given microcapsules and infected (KP) at 72 hours compared to other groups. Rat that were infected with the H5N1 virus only (K+) there was a tendency to decrease the percentage of monocytes and increase the percentage of neutrophils compared to the other two groups. However, the decrease and increase in the percentage of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in each group were not statistically significant. The number of basophils and eosinophils was not significantly different between the three groups because the percentages were normal. The conclusion of this study was the other leukocyte percentage change which found in H5N1 viral infection were well corrected by giving anti H5N1 microcapsule prior infection. Keywords: mice, microcapsules, H5N1 virus, leukocyte differential., Avian Influenza caused by Avian Influenza virus H5N1 is a zoonotic disease for which there is no drug or vaccine available yet. The immunotherapy using IgG anti AI H5 can be an alternative therapy. The microcapsule contain IgG anti AI H5N1 have been designed for in ovo test, the result showed that the microcapsule has high potential to neutralized AI H5N1. Furthermore this study was a in vivo examination that design for efficacy test was conducted in Rat. The hematological profile of animal model was evaluated to understand the microcapsule IgG anti AI H5N1 capability in vivo which has never been reported. This research aimed to study the profile of leukocytes differential of rats (Rattus novergicus) that was infected by the H5N1 Avian influenza virus after treated by using anti-H5N1 IgG microcapsules. As much as 54 male rats, with aged 3 months were divided into three groups. The first group was a
Keyword: rat, microcapsules, H5N1 virus, leukocyte differential., rat, microcapsules, H5N1 virus, leukocyte differential

Judul: Serum Protein Fraction of White Rats (Rattus norvegicus) as an Animal Model for Efficacy Test of Anti H5N1 IgG Microcapsules
Abstrak: Fraksi protein tikus model pada uji efikasi mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 perlu diamati untuk mengetahui pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah pemberian mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 dan infeksi virus AI H5N1 terhadap profil kimia klinik. Sebanyak 180 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan, Sprague Dawley, umur 3 bulan, bobot 200-250 gr, digunakan pada penelitian ini. Tikus dibagi dalam empat kelompok (n= 45 ekor) terdiri dari KP1 (kontrol negatif; tidak diinfeksi virus AI H5N1; tidak diberi mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1; diberi larutan Phosphate Buffered Saline intranasal dosis 0.5 mL/ekor pada jam ke-0), KP2 (kontrol positif, diinfeksi virus AI H5N1 intranasal dosis 104 EID50 pada jam ke-0), KP3 (diinfeksi virus AI H5N1 intranasal dosis 104 EID50 /ekor pada jam ke-0; diberi mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 sebanyak 150 butir/ekor yang setara dengan 1 mg IgG anti AI H5N1 pada jam ke-12), KP4 (diberi mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 sebanyak 150 butir/ekor yang setara dengan 1 mg IgG anti AI H5N1 pada jam ke-0; diinfeksi virus AI H5N1 intranasal dosis 104 EID50 /ekor pada jam ke-36). Tikus dinekropsi pada jam ke-0, 12, 24, 36, 48, 60, 72 dan 84 untuk diambil sampel darah dan dihitung jumlah sisa mikrokapsul di dalam saluran pencernaan. Sampel darah dianalisis terhadap kadar total protein, albumin, globulin dan rasio A/G. Hasil menunjukkan, kadar total protein pada kelompok diberikan mikrokapsul baik sebelum maupun setelah infeksi virus AI H5N1(KP3 dan KP4) memiliki dinamika yang sama seperti kelompok tanpa perlakuan, sedangkan kelompok yang hanya diinfeksi virus AI H5N1 cenderung meningkat pada 36 jam setelah infeksi. Kadar globulin dari masing-masing kelompok, menunjukkan hasil tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05) dan memiliki pola yang hampir sama dengan kadar total protein. Namun demikian, kadar globulin kelompok KP3 dan KP4 pada pengamatan jam ke 48 cenderung mengalami peningkatan dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang tidak diinfeksi (KP1) dan kelompok KP2. Kadar albumin pada semua kelompok tikus pada penelitian ini cenderung fluktuatif sepanjang pengamatan berlangsung, namun demikian masih berada dalam kisaran normal (2.47-3.22 mg/dL). Kadar albumin pada kelompok tikus yang diinfeksi virus AI H5N1 (KP2) cenderung lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kelompok KP1 pada pengamatan jam ke-24 dan 36. Rasio A/G pada semua kelompok tikus pada penelitian ini cenderung stabil (sedikit berfluktuasi) sepanjang pengamatan berlangsung, dalam kisaran nilai 0.43-0.64. Pemberian sebanyak 1 mg mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) sebelum dan sesudah infeksi virus AI H5N1 cenderung meningkatkan kadar total protein dan globulin serum. Peningkatan yang terjadi, mengindikasikan IgG mikrokapsul berhasil diserap.
Keyword: Keywords: anti-AI H5N1, bovine colostrum, microcapsules, total protein

Judul: Peranan Pesantren dalam Pembangunan Pedesaan
Abstrak: Pesantren (pondok atau pondok pesantren) adalah suatu lembaga pendidikan keagamaan Islam yang pada umumnya tumbuh di kalangan masyarakat pedesaan. Pertumbuhannya merupakan hasil refleksi pimpinan pesantren dan masyarakat terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat sekitar. Disamping sebagai lembaga pendidikan keagamaan, diharapkan pesantren dapat berperan sebagai lembaga sosial kemasyarakatan yang dapat membantu pemerintah dalam menyebar luaskan inovasi pembangunan kepada masyarakat, dan menggerakkan masyarakat agar berperan serta dalam pembangunan.
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