Judul: Teknik Minimasi Logam Pada Produksi Gula Semut Koperasi W Purworejo
Abstrak: Gula semut adalah gula kelapa yang berbentuk bubuk dan berbahan baku dari nira kelapa yang telah dilakukan penyadapan dan dipanaskan pada suhu tertentu hingga proses kristalisasi kemudian dicetak dan digerus. Dalam produksinya terdapat kontaminan yang mencemari gula semut diantaranya kontaminasi oleh logam berat. Kontaminasi oleh logam pada gula semut dapat terjadi melalui proses produksi yang berlangsung mencakup peralatan dan mesin yang kotor serta berkarat, serta keadaan lingkungan produksi yang tidak higenis. Sebagai upaya untuk menurangi kadar logam dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan menggunakan opsi perbaikan pada tingkat petani dan tingkat pabrik. Perbaikan yang ditawarkan di tingkat petani adalah dengan melakukan sanitasi peralatan produksi serta menghindari terjadinya kontaminasi silang dari logam pada peralatan yang digunakan. Perbaikan yang ditawarkan di tingkat pabrik adalah dengan melakukan pengulangan proses metal trap sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan, serta rancangan penambahan komponen pada metal trap dan pengadaan metal detector, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan perhitungan analisis finansial sebelum serta sesudah pengadaan mesin mencakup Harga Penjualan Produk (HPP), Break Even Point (BEP), R/C ratio, dan Payback Period (PBP). Hasil pengujian kandungan logam setelah perbaikan adalah pada tingkat petani didapati penurunan tertinggi pada Pb yaitu 99% dengan penerapan metode menghindari kontaminasi silang oleh logam dan penurunan tertinggi pada Zn yaitu 98% dengan penerapan metode sanitasi peralatan. Opsi perbaikan tingkat pabrik didapati penurunan tertinggi pada Fe dan Cu yaitu 22% dan 20% dengan penerapan metode pengulangan metal trap sebanyak 3 kali dan dengan penerapan menghindari kontaminasi silang oleh logam. Analisis finansial dengan rancangan penambahan komponen metal trap dan mengadaan metal detector pada pabrik didapati bahwa nilai HPP yaitu Rp 24.064, R/C ratio> 1 sehingga layak untuk dilanjutkan, BEP unit 6.206, serta Payback period dengan nilai 0,520 tahun., Palm sugar is coconut sugar in the form of powder and is made from coconut juice which has been tapped and heated at a certain temperature until the crystallization process is then molded and grinded. In its production, there are contaminants that pollute palm sugar, including contamination by heavy metals. Contamination by metals in palm sugar can occur through a production process that takes place including dirty and rusty equipment and machinery, as well as an unhygenic state of the production environment. As an effort to reduce metal levels in this study, namely by using improvement options at the farmer level and factory level. The improvements offered at the farmer level are to sanitize production equipment and avoid cross-contamination of metals in the equipment used. The improvements offered at the factory level are by repeating the metal trap process by 3 repetitions, as well as the design of adding components to the metal trap and the procurement of metal detectors, then continuing with financial analysis calculations before and after machine procurement including Product Cost of Goods Sold (HPP), Break Even Point (BEP), R/C ratio, and Payback Period (PBP). The results of testing the metal content after repairs were at the level of farmers found the highest decrease in lead, namely 99% with the application of the method of avoiding cross- contamination by metals and the highest decrease in zinc, which was 98% with the application of equipment
Keyword: palm sugar, coconut juice, metals minimization

Judul: Studi on Cleaner Production Oppurtunities in the Coconut Palm Sugar Processing (Case Study at Koperasi Wanita Srikandi, Purworejo)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji penerapan produksi bersih pada industri gula semut kelapa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi identifikasi limbah, identifikasi alternatif produksi bersih, analisis kelayakan (teknis, finansial, dan lingkungan) pada penerapan produksi bersih, dan penentuan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih dengan metode MPE. Rantai proses produksi gula semut terdiri dari : (1) petani membuat gula semut dan gula cetak dari nira kelapa; (2) pengepul menerima gula semut dari petani dan membuat gula semut dari gula cetak; (3) pabrik pusat mengolah lebih lanjut gula semut dari pengepul. Hasil identifikasi limbah berupa kotoran dalam nira, abu sisa pembakaran, terbentuknya inti kristal, loss energy, kadar air gula semut tinggi, ampas parutan kelapa, dan ceceran gula. Alternatif produksi bersih yang direkomendasikan adalah pemanfaatan abu menjadi pupuk (PBP 0.0102 tahun dan B/C 98.11), mengganti bahan tungku (PBP 0.042 tahun dan B/C 240), modifikasi peralatan pengeringan (PBP 0.32 tahun dan B/C 21.73), mengganti bahan proses di petani gula cetak (PBP 0.026 tahun dan B/C 38.48), menyediakan mesin penepung gula semut (PBP 0.094 tahun dan B/C 36), dan perbaikan/modifikasi peralatan pengayakan, pengeringan, dan pengemasan (PBP 0.072 tahun dan B/C 66.4). Prioritas penerapan produksi bersih adalah perbaikan dan modifikasi peralatan pengayakan, pengeringan, dan pengemasan., This study aims to observe the application of cleaner production in coconut palm sugar industry. Stages of the research include waste identification, cleaner production alternative identification, feasibility analysis (technical, financial, and environmental) toward the application of cleaner production, and priority of cleaner production determined by Exponential Comparison Method (ECM). The cycles of coconut palm sugar production process are including: (1) farmers make coconut palm sugar and coconut sugar of nira water; (2) collector received coconut palm sugar from farmers and make it of coconut sugar; (3) main factory further process it from collector. Results of waste identification show debris in the sap, ash from combustion residue, formation of crystal core, loss energy, high coconut palm sugar water content, grated coconut pulp, and scattered sugar. The suggested alternatives are ash utilization into fertilizer (PBP 0.0102 years and B/C 98.11), replacing furnace materials (PBP 0.042 years and B/C 240), drying equipment modification (PBP 0.32 years and B/C 21.73), replacing materials in coconut sugar process (PBP 0.026 years and B/C 38.48), providing a pulverization machine (PBP 0.094 years and B/C 36), and repair/modification of filtering, drying, and packaging equipment (PBP 0.072 years and B/C 66.4). The priorities of cleaner production application are improvement and modification of filtering, drying, and packaging equipment.
Keyword: coconut palm sugar, cleaner production, ECM, financial feasibility, quick scan

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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