Judul: Modifikasi Selulosa Ampas Sagu Dengan Polimerisasi Pencangkokan Dan Penautan-Silangan
Abstrak: Sago palm cake has high cellulose content. Prior to modification, cellulose of the sago palm cake was isolated in 4 stages: washed with distilled water, freed from starch, removed from hemicellulose, and removed from lignin. Modification of the sample was done by grafting and crosslinking using acrylamide as monomer, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker, and ammonium peroksidisulfat as initiator. Fourier tranformation infrared (FTIR) spectra of cellulose results showed the success of grafting and crosslinking modification. This can be evidenced by the emergence of bond stretching absorption of C=O at 1654.92 cm-1 wave number and intense -NH2 functional group appeared at wave number of 3182.64 cm-1, indicated the presence of polymer and crosslinker on the modified cellulose. The polymer formed had an average grafting ratio of 300.7 and an average grafting efficiency of 59.1% in order to obtain an average degree of crosslinking treatment in 24 hours of 31.5 g water/g polymer and in 48 hours treatment of 35.4 g water/g polymer.
Keyword: 

Judul: Modifikasi selulosa dengan teknik pencangkokan dan penautan silang menggunakan akrilamida
Abstrak: Modification of cellulose was carried out by grafting and crosslinking copolymerization using acrylamide as monomer, N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker, and ammonium peroxydisulfate as initiator. The chemical structure of monomer will affect the properties of modified cellulose such as hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters, elasticity, ion exchange capability, absorptivity, and heat resistance. Infrared spectra showed that cellulose has been modified. It could be seen from C=O streching absorption at 1650 cm-1 and –NH2 streching at 3182.55 cm-1. Both absorption peaks indicated that grafting and crosslinking had been carried out. Modified product had been 31–50% grafted. The final product also weighed 69 times higher than its initial weight with percentage of absorbed water to initial sample weight of 6755% after for 24 hours and became 93 times and 9187%, respectively, after 48 hours.
Keyword: 

Judul: Ragam jenis ektoparasit burung tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis) dan burung puter (Streptopelia bitorquata) di penangkaran
Abstrak: Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove are the bird species that are easily raised in captivity. Nevertheless, good management is required to successfully breed and raise the birds in captivity; otherwise, the condition may endanger the sustainability of the two bird species. Information on ectoparasites on the bodies of this bird as well as their captivity breeding has not been available, although admittedly taking ectoparasites from these bird families has much been done so that a research is obviously needed. This study aimed to find out various kinds of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove ectoparasites and to learn various kinds of parasitic insects around the Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages. The study was conducted from April to June 2010. The methods of data collection included the general condition of the location, collection of ectoparasites specimens, processing and specimens identification. The data analysis was done descriptively and tabulated with the degree of infestation. The kinds of ectoparasites from the class of insects found in the body of Spotted dove were Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae of phthiraptera order and Pseudolynchia canariensis of diptera order, and arachnida class, that is, tungau from the pterolichidae family. In terms of ectoparasites, Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove were similar, except that Javan turtle dove had no Pseudolynchia canariensis. Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae were mallopaga order (biting lice) and were obligate. The kinds of parasitic insects in the vicinity of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages were from the Ordo Diptera. The diptera classified as parasites included Anopheles, Culex, Psychodidae, Culicoides and Simulium, most of them vectors of disease. The presence of ectoparasites was closely related to how a breeding place is managed.
Keyword: