Judul: Kajian Sifat Fisik, Sifat Kimia dan Sifat Biologi Tanah Paska Tambang Galian C pada Tiga Penutupan Lahan (Studi Kasus Pertambangan Pasir (Galian C) di Desa Gumulung Tonggoh, Kecamatan Astanajapura, Kabupaten Cirebon, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Introduction: Indonesia is a country that has abundance natural resources like dig substance, mineral, petroleum, gas, flora and fauna residing in the land. Sand is one of dig substance which is quite abundant on this country. This dig substance is usually exploited by open mining. Open mining has benefits for building materials, local’s occupations and increasing the local income. However, Open mining has negative impacts for wildlife, land cover loss, and land quality degradation. Because of these negative impacts, it needs to conduct a research about the effect of sand mining toward physical, chemistry, and biology soil characteristics. Methodology: Research was conducted on sands open mining at Gumulung Tonggoh village, Astanajapura district, Cirebon regency, West Java province. Instrument that used for this research are hoe, plastic poke, camera, calculator, SPSS 13.0 software. The data are primary data for land structure and secondary data for soil’s physical, chemistry, and biology characteristic. The method of this research was survey with purposive sampling which has done by ministry of state environment year 2006 and statistical data on site. Then conducted some statistical F test on soil characteristic to know whether there is significant or not from sand mining activity and after continued by Duncan’s test, locations that has significant difference can be showed. Result and Discussion: Sand Mining activities have altered soil’s physical, chemical, biology characteristics on after-mining sites in Gumulung Tonggoh village. It has been proved by significant change of bulk density value, low porosity, and rapid decrease of drainage pore. Soil’s chemical characteristic has significant change as well. There is some soil characteristic that is influenced by mining activities like change cation capability (KTK), calcium and magnesium decreasing and the increasing of phosphor inside the soil. For soil biology characteristic, only amount of soil’s microorganism that influenced by sand mining activities. It has been analyzed by significant value and have significant value < 0,05 actual rate as a result. Permeability, pH, BO, nitrogen, kalium, natrium, amount of soil’s fungi, phosphate-dissolved bacteria and soil respiration have change but not really significant as a results of statistic test. The changes of soil characteristic on this research happens because soil’s condensation as a result of using of heavy instruments. Conclusion: Sand Mining activity ( Dig C) in Gumulung Tonggoh village have altered some characteristic changes of soil’s physical, chemical and biology characteristic because of land condensation by heavy equipment use on mining activity. Based on statistical test, character that significant is bulk density value, land porosity, drainage pore very quickly, KTK, phosphor, calcium, magnesium and amount of soil microorganism. Characteristic changes on soil characteristics affect one and each other.
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Judul: Kajian Sifat Fisik, Sifat Kimia dan Sifat Biologi Tanah Paska Tambang Galian C pada Tiga Penutupan Lahan (Studi Kasus Pertambangan Pasir (Galian C) di Desa Gumulung Tonggoh, Kecamatan Astanajapura, Kabupaten Cirebon, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Introduction: Indonesia is a country that has abundance natural resources like dig substance, mineral, petroleum, gas, flora and fauna residing in the land. Sand is one of dig substance which is quite abundant on this country. This dig substance is usually exploited by open mining. Open mining has benefits for building materials, local’s occupations and increasing the local income. However, Open mining has negative impacts for wildlife, land cover loss, and land quality degradation. Because of these negative impacts, it needs to conduct a research about the effect of sand mining toward physical, chemistry, and biology soil characteristics. Methodology: Research was conducted on sands open mining at Gumulung Tonggoh village, Astanajapura district, Cirebon regency, West Java province. Instrument that used for this research are hoe, plastic poke, camera, calculator, SPSS 13.0 software. The data are primary data for land structure and secondary data for soil’s physical, chemistry, and biology characteristic. The method of this research was survey with purposive sampling which has done by ministry of state environment year 2006 and statistical data on site. Then conducted some statistical F test on soil characteristic to know whether there is significant or not from sand mining activity and after continued by Duncan’s test, locations that has significant difference can be showed. Result and Discussion: Sand Mining activities have altered soil’s physical, chemical, biology characteristics on after-mining sites in Gumulung Tonggoh village. It has been proved by significant change of bulk density value, low porosity, and rapid decrease of drainage pore. Soil’s chemical characteristic has significant change as well. There is some soil characteristic that is influenced by mining activities like change cation capability (KTK), calcium and magnesium decreasing and the increasing of phosphor inside the soil. For soil biology characteristic, only amount of soil’s microorganism that influenced by sand mining activities. It has been analyzed by significant value and have significant value < 0,05 actual rate as a result. Permeability, pH, BO, nitrogen, kalium, natrium, amount of soil’s fungi, phosphate-dissolved bacteria and soil respiration have change but not really significant as a results of statistic test. The changes of soil characteristic on this research happens because soil’s condensation as a result of using of heavy instruments. Conclusion: Sand Mining activity ( Dig C) in Gumulung Tonggoh village have altered some characteristic changes of soil’s physical, chemical and biology characteristic because of land condensation by heavy equipment use on mining activity. Based on statistical test, character that significant is bulk density value, land porosity, drainage pore very quickly, KTK, phosphor, calcium, magnesium and amount of soil microorganism. Characteristic changes on soil characteristics affect one and each other.
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Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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