Judul: Factors Affecting Production and Profit of Tempe Business in Pejaten Village, Kramatwatu District, Serang Regency
Abstrak: Konsumsi olahan kedelai seperti tempe cukup tinggi di Indonesia, dimana salah satu sentra produksi tempe berada di Desa Pejaten, Kecamatan Kramatwatu. Kedelai yang digunakan dalam pembuatan tempe adalah kedelai impor yang sering mengalami kenaikan harga. Maka menjadi penting apakah dengan harga bahan baku kedelai yang semakin naik, usaha tempe masih menguntungkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi, menganalisis struktur biaya usaha, dan menganalisis keuntungan usaha tempe di Desa Pejaten. Responden yang digunakan adalah keseluruhan perajin tempe di Desa Pejaten yakni sebanyak 25 orang. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis fungsi produksi, perhitungan keuntungan usaha, dan rasio R/C. Pengolahan data dibantu dengan program SPSS 26 dan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara parsial, hanya variabel kedelai (X_1) yang berpengaruh nyata dan poisitif terhadap produksi tempe. Adapun komponen biaya terbesar dalam usaha tempe adalah biaya pembelian kedelai (80,53%), upah tenaga kerja (9,06%), dan biaya pembelian kemasan plastik (3,53%). Sedangkan rata-rata keuntungan usaha tempe yang diperoleh dalam sebulan adalah sebesar Rp. 4,308,824.71 dengan R/C rasio sebesar 1.14, maka usaha tempe sudah menguntungkan., Consumption of processed soybeans such as tempeh is quite high in Indonesia, where one of the centers for tempeh production is in Pejaten Village, Kramatwatu District. Soybeans that used in making tempeh are imported soybeans, which often had price increases. So it becomes important whether the price of soybean is increasing, the tempe business is still profitable. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence production, analyze the cost structure of the business, and analyze the profits of the tempeh business in Pejaten Village. Respondents used were all tempe craftsmen in Pejaten Village, as many as 25 people. The method of analysis uses the analysis of the production function, the calculation of operating profits, and the R/C ratio. Data processing is assisted by SPSS 26 and Microsoft Excel programs. The results showed that partially, only soybean variable (X_1) had a significant and positive effect on tempe production. The largest cost components in the tempe business are the cost of purchasing soybeans (80.53%), labor wages (9.06%), and the cost of purchasing plastic packaging (3.53%). Meanwhile, the average profit of tempeh business in a month is Rp. 4,308,824.71 with an R/C ratio of 1.14, then the tempe business is already profitable.
Keyword: cost structure, production function, R/C ratio

Judul: Factors Affecting Business Performance of Tempe  Businesses Kampung Rawa Central Jakarta
Abstrak: Kewirausahaan berkaitan erat dengan pengembangan Usaha Kecil Menengah (UKM), termasuk UKM pengolahan kedelai menjadi tempe. Tempe menjadi salah satu sumber protein yang digemari masyarakat karena harganya murah. Akan tetapi, tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa fluktuasi harga kedelai impor, keterbatasan modal, dan teknologi sederhana masih menjadi permasalahan pelaku usaha tempe. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja usaha pelaku usaha tempe Kampung Rawa Jakarta Pusat. Penelitian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analisis SEM-PLS dengan teknik pengambilan sampel purposive sampling dan responden sebanyak 40. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor individu dan faktor lingkungan secara langsung memengaruhi perilaku kewirausahaan. Kemudian, kinerja usaha dipengaruhi langsung oleh perilaku kewirausahaan dan faktor lingkungan, serta dipengaruhi tidak langsung oleh faktor individu dan faktor lingkungan melalui perilaku kewirausahaan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pelaku usaha tempe dapat meningkatkan motivasi berproduksi tempe, melakukan inovasi merek sebagai bentuk branding dan berinovasi sebagai tempe sehat agar menjadi keunggulan dibanding produk tempe lainnya., Entrepreneurship is closely related to the development of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), including SMEs processing soybeans into tempeh. Tempeh is a source of protein that is popular with people because it is cheap. However, it cannot be denied that fluctuations in the price of imported soybeans, limited capital and simple technology are still problems for tempe business players. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence the business performance of tempe entrepreneurs in Kampung Rawa, Central Jakarta. This research was analyzed descriptively and using SEM-PLS analysis using a purposive sampling technique and 40 respondents. The results of the analysis show that individual factors and environmental factors directly influence entrepreneurial behavior. Then, business performance is directly influenced by entrepreneurial behavior and environmental factors, and indirectly influenced by individual factors and environmental factors through entrepreneurial behavior. Based on the results of the study, tempe business actors can increase their motivation to produce tempeh, carry out brand innovation as a form of branding and innovate as healthy tempeh so that it becomes an advantage compared to other tempe products.
Keyword: enterpreneurship, SEM-PLS, soybean, tempe UMK

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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