Judul: The study of fiscal policy to overcome regional inequalty in Indonesia
Abstrak: In the past decade Indonesia has witnessed an increase in regional income inequality. The inequality causes government capital expenditure in poor regions has an effect that is far from optimal to regional GDP. To maximize this, we argue the need to increase the capital expenditure by regional government in poor regions. An increase in income inequality induces an income gap between rich and poor regions. The installment of hold harmless rule adds to an increase in regional inequality. In decentralization era, General Allocation Fund (also known as Dana Alokasi Umum (DAU)), has primary function to minimize the gap between rich and poor regions. The general objective of this study is to analyze regional inequality and find some fiscal policy that could be used to address the inequality issue. In specific, this study analyzes the determinants of regional government capital goods, regional GDP and regional inequality. In addition to that, this study also aims to find an alternative formula for the DAU to strengthen its function as equalization grants. We use panel data regression at the provincial level that spans between 2001-2010 to find the determinants of regional government capital goods, regional GDP and regional inequality. In addition to panel data regression, we also use correlation analysis between actual DAU, revision DAU and Shah’s DAU (2012) with regional GDP per capita to infer which of the formula could serve DAU true purpose. For the horizontal inequality, this study calculates Williamson Index. We find that in the last decade Indonesia has witnessed a worsening regional inequality despite the improvement made by the removal of the hold harmless rule. Based on the panel estimation, the determinants for regional government capital expenditure are increase in PAD, DAU, DAK and the removal of the hold harmless rule. While in the other model, we find that increased in regional government’s capital expenditure, investment, the removal of hold harmless rule, and population has positive effect to regional GDP per capita. Finding that the effect of capital expenditure to regional GDP in rich regions reiterates the need to increase poor regions government expenditure capacity by allocating more DAU and DAK. The determinants for decreasing inequality are increased in DAU, DAK, the removal of hold harmless, infrastructure and population control. Lastly, this study finds that the removal of hold harmless rule could reinforce DAU primary purpose to reduce regional income inequality. On the alternative formula, this study advocates the use of the revisional DAU formula based UU. No. 33/2004 and Shah’s (2012) DAU formula.
Keyword: DAU, inequality, local capital expenditure

Judul: The Effect of Fiscal Policy on Income Inequality in Indonesia
Abstrak: Ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat yang direpresentasikan oleh rasio gini merupakan hal penting dalam mengukur pembangunan ekonomi. Ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat di Indonesia cenderung berfluktuasi dari tahun 2010-2019. Namun disisi lain, kebijakan fiskal dari penerimaan daerah maupun pengeluaran daerah selalu meningkat di tahun yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan fiskal dapat memengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat di Indonesia dari tahun 2010-2019. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder 33 provinsi Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis data panel dinamis. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran daerah yang dapat menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat adalah belanja kesehatan serta penerimaan daerah yang dapat menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat adalah Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Selain itu, pengeluaran daerah yang tidak dapat menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat adalah belanja pendidikan. Sedangkan penerimaan daerah yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat adalah Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH)., Income inequality represented by the Gini ratio is an important factor in measuring economic development. Income inequality in Indonesia, measured by the Gini Ratio, from year 2010 – 2019 tend to fluctuate. In the other hand, fiscal policy from regional revenue and regional expenditure has increased in the same period. This study aims to find how fiscal policy can affect the income inequality in Indonesia from 2010-2019. The data used are secondary data from 33 provinces of Indonesia. The analysis used in this study is descriptive analysis and dynamic panel data analysis. The result of study showed that regional expenditure that can reduce income inequality is health expenditure and regional revenue that can reduce income inequality is Local Government Revenue (PAD). Moreover, the regional expenditure that can’t reduce income inequality is education expenditure. Meanwhile, regional revenue income that can’t affect income inequality is Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH).
Keyword: dynamic panel data, income inequality, Indonesia, regional expenditure, regional revenue

Judul: Pembuatan dan Karakterisasi Prototipe Sel Surya Nanokristal n-TiO2/Dye/p-CuSCN
Abstrak: Dengan metode casting dan perlakuan annealing, dapat dibuat lapisan nanokristal semikonduktor TiO, pada substrat Transparant Conductive Oxide (TCO). Penambahan dye Methylviolet Thiocianate (MVSCN) dan lapisan CuSCN pada TiO, tersebut menghasilkan sel surya n-TiO,ldye/p-CuSCN yang dapat menyerap foton dan mengubahnya menjadi energi listrik.
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