Judul: Analisis pendapatan rumah tangga petani hutan rakyat: studi kasus di Desa Padasari, Kecamatan Cimalaka, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Forest could give valuable tangible and intangible benefits. But now, there are many unproductive and critical land as the result of land management without considering conservation aspect and the increase of population that pressure the forest. On the other hand, timber supply from natural forests is not enough to fulfill human demands. One of the alternative for solving those problem is community forest development. Objective of this study was to identify the technique of management that has been implemented in community forest and to analyse the influence of community forest to the income of forest farmer households. The selection of respondents was carried out using purposive sampling method, consisted of community forest farmers. Furthermore, selected samples were stratified based on the extent of land area, therefore it was found area of land ownership of strata I < 0,21 hectare, strata II 0,21 – 0,58 hectare and strata III > 0,58 hectare. Total respondents for strata I, strata II, and strata III were 8 respondents, 12 respondents, and 4 respondents respectively. Results of the study showed that total income of agriculture activities of strata I, strata II, and strata III were Rp 15.509.840/year, Rp 15.928.611/ year, and Rp 30.394.792/ year. For income from community forest of agroforestry system, for strata I, strata II, and strata III were Rp 9.588.194/year (61,82%), Rp 9.206.944/ year (57,80%), and Rp 17.966.667/ year (59,11%). Meanwhile from wood product only, the income was Rp 1.477.778/year (9,53%), Rp 2.266.667/ year (14,23%), and 2.216.667/ year (7,29%). Average total expenditure of strata I, strata II, and strata III each was Rp 15.456.000/ year, Rp 11.683.429/ year, and Rp 12.745.000/ year. Based on criteria of poverty level according to Sajogyo (expenditure > 320 kg value of rice or equal with Rp 2.880.000/year with assumption of rice price of Rp 8.900/kg), BPS (expenditure < Rp 2.191.632/capita/year), and The World Bank (income > $2/day equal with Rp 6.408.000/year with assumption of US dollar rate of Rp 8.900), community forest which has been well developed will be above this criteria of poverty. Therefore, management of community forest using agroforestry system could contribute to poverty alleviation.
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Judul: Kontribusi Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani dan Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Hutan Rakyat. (Studi di Desa Babakanreuma, Kecamatan Sindangagung, Kabupaten Kuningan, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: According to Hardjanto (2000), income of community forest farmers in Java are still positioned as a by product and incidental. Range of income is not more than 10 % of total revenue and sought simply. It shows that the contribution of community forest have not become the foundation of households subsistence, so it is necessary to conduct a study about how is the contribution of community forests management to total household income and it’s feasibility, especially in the Village Babakanreuma, District Sindangagung, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province. The purpose of this study was to identify the system of community forests management and marketing, knowing the contributions community forests management to households total income as well as examine the linkage of effectiveness of community forests area to the households total income and to determine the feasibility of it’s businesses. Determination of the respondents conducted using stratified random sampling method in which the respondents were 36 people obtained from the slovin formula. This study uses a qualitative approach that conducted by survey method using questionnaire and supported by quantitative techniques. The results shows that the contribution of community forests management to the households income has been very visible, reinforced by the magnitude of the contribution value that become higher and increasing in strata. So that the farmers land area of community forest significantly affected their household income. From the data obtained, in 1st strata , the resulting contribution is Rp. 2,208,333.00 per year (7.79%), 2nd strata is Rp 3.800.000,00 per year (11.98%), and 3rd strata is Rp 5.500.000,00 per year (13.00%). Management of community forests is feasible to run on all three strata. These statements are based on the amount of NPV (Net Present Value) that is not negative, BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) is greater than one and the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is greater than the prevailing rates. NPV values in strata I, II and III is Rp 6.378.880,00; Rp 14.134.803,00 and Rp 3.985.918.00. Community forests management systems at the sites are still modest. The harvesting is still based on needs and not according to the Sengon plant cycle which is the staple in this village. The timber marketing is only done by a contract system or the middleman (tengkulak) / buyer and furthermore become the responsibility of the middleman / buyer it self.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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