Judul: Keragaman serangga yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman caisim (Brassica rapa var. chinensis L.: Cruciferae) pada area pertanian tepi hutan
Abstrak: The aim of the research was to study insect diversity associated with chinese cabbage (Srassica rcpipa var. chi~remis}i n forest edge agicr;!t;re. &ese cabbzge were p!mied h 9.x Iocations with different distance, they were 0 m and 400 m frm the forest margin. Insect ebs=r:&ccs -xeze &nt eveiy two hoaxs, ficm 08 am =ti! 02 pm. Qbm11n-n~w ere s81?ed hfii 2 until 45 day after planted PAP). Sample of insects were caught by sweep net fbr identification. Idc~tXedin sect were classified based on their role as phytophagous, pollinator, and predator. Environment condition, include: temperature, humidity, and Iight intensity were measured Data were analysed by Shetnnon's diversity index @'j and evennes Q and s&J sidW~in-d ex (Cj). Total number of phytophagous, polhator, and predator insect were tested by t-fmt. Insect diversity associated with chinese cabbage were phytophagous (67%), pollinator (14%), and predator (19%). Insect diversity in 0 m was higher @'=2.498, E= 0.304) than 400 m &om the forest edge (IT-Z.344, E4298). Abundance of phytophagous and pollinator insect in 400 m was lower than in 0 m fiom the edge, whiIe predatory insect was higher in 400 m. Based on the observation time, the number of individual and species of insect were highest at 08 am, lower at 10 am d l12 pm and lowest at 02 pm. Based on plant age, the number of individual aad insect species were fluctuation Simillarity of insect associated with chinese cabbage in two bcations was higher (Cj=0.9).
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Judul: Komunitas Serangga Penyerbuk pada Habitat dan Jarak Berbeda dari Tepi Hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak
Abstrak: Pollination service is one of many services that forest can provide for farming near to the forest which definitely harbors a high biodiversity of pollinator insects. Yet, forest degradation by farming activities is a threat for pollinator insect diversity, so there must some awareness to be given especially for the villagers about how important their forest is for their farms. The objectives of this research are: (1) to identify caisin’s (Brassica rapa L.) flower-visitor insects and to determine its function in its community, (2) to count abundance and species of pollinator insects and also to measure diversity index in distances from the forest, (3) to analyze spatial distribution of pollinator insects and its composition in every plot base on its similarity index, (4) to show the correlation of forest distance with the abundance and its diversity. Observation on caisin’s flower-visitor insects were carried out over 20 days period from 28 December 2006 – 16 January 2007, in margin forest of Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, Sirnarasa Village, District of Sukabumi, Province of West Java. All insect visiting the flowers were counted by using fixed sampling method within 30 minutes observation period in each site that consisted of 20 flowering caisin plants. The forest distance factor giving the best fit was shown in a simple linear regression model on scatter plot graphic. This study showed that 1312 insects are found in caisin’s flower but only 747 insects or 56,94% of them are real pollinator insects which are representative of 32 pollinator species within 15 sites observation along the margin forest. Higher densities of pollinator insects are found near to forest’s margin than at greater distances from forest. The abundances of pollinator insects are usually high in open areas that provide fewer shade trees. Species diversity and abundance of pollinator insects were decreasing within distance from the forest despite there are many factors which may influence the abundance. The most influencing factor is the blossom cover of caisin in site observation that significantly has a positive correlation with flower visitation by insects. The other factors such as temperature and humidity did not significantly influence the flower visitation by insects
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Judul: Perumusan Strategi Bisnis Pt.Karana Line
Abstrak: PT. Karana Line adalah sebuah perusahaan pelayaran yang memberikan layanan jasa transportasi laut. Perusahaan ini didirikan pada tanggal 25 April 1967 di Jakarta. Pada bulan Mei 1999 jumlah tenaga kerja mencapai 329 orang. PT.Karana Line merupakan salah satu anggota Indonesian National Shipowner Association (INSA) dan Indonesian National Line (INL) yang cukup dikenal di Indonesia. Pada tanggal 21 November 1988 pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan yang dikenal dengan Paket Kebijaksanaan November (PAKNOV) 21/1988 dimana dengan adanya kebijakan ini banyak bermunculan perusahaan pelayaran yang tidak memiliki kapal sendiri. Padahal kepemilikan kapal merupakan salah satu persyaratan pendirian perusahaan pelayaran yang cukup berat sebelum adanya PAKNOV 21/1988. Meskipun perusahaan- perusahaan pelayaran tersebut tidak memiliki kapal sendiri, namun dapat mengoperasikan dan mengageni kapal nasional maupun asing, sehingga terjadi persaingan ketat dalam bidang angkutan laut di Indonesia. Krisis ekonomi dan politik yang melanda Indonesia menjelang era pasar bebas telah mendorong PT Karana Line untuk menerapkan strategi yang sesuai dengan kondisi internal maupun eksternal perusahaan. Untuk itu perlu ditelaah 1). Faktor faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi perkembangan - usaha PT.Karana Line, 2). Strategi apa yang akan digunakan untuk keberhasilan pengembangan usaha PT. Karana Line, 3). Program apa yang perlu dilakukan untuk mewujudkan strategi dalam mengembangkan usaha PT.Karana line, 4). Sistem pelayanan mana yang perlu dioptimalkan, sehingga memberikan keuntungan maksimal....dst
Keyword: strategi bisnis