Judul: Analisis pengaruh perubahan fungsi ruang hidrologi terhadap keseimbangan air: studi kasus kawasan Kotamadya Ambon, Propinsi Maluku
Abstrak: Pesatnya pembangunan yang disatu sisi serta terbatasnya ketersediaan lahan disisi lain telah menyebakan konversi penggunaan lahan dikawasan Kotamadya Ambon. Permasalahan ini perlu diteliti untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruhnya terhadap keseimbangan air. Untuk itu dilakukan analisis pola kecenderungan dan keterhubungan antara debit air (Q), curah hujan (P), koefisien limpasan (C), dan analisis keterkaitan penggunaan lahan terhadap keseimbangan air. Metode yang dipergunakan untuk melihat pola kecenderungan dan keterhubungan Q, P, dan C adalah metode regresi linier dan korelasi, sedangkan untuk melihat keterkaitan setiap unit penggunaan lahan terhadap keseimbangan air dipergunakan metode unit hydrograph dengan pendekatan cell based modeling yang menunjukkan respon dari satuan unit karakter DAS (kemiringan, jenis tanah, penggunaan lahan) terhadap curah hujan. Hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa ada kecenderungan semakin menurunnya debit minimum harian, semakin meningkatnya debit maksimum harian, curah hujan yang bersifat acak, dan koefisian limpasan yang cenderung terus meningkat dengan koefisien regresi sebesar 0,0165 dari tahun ke tahun. Sedangkan hasil analisis lanjutan menunjukkan bahwa konversi lahan telah menyebabkan meningkatnya indeks limpasan (CAQ dari setiap DAS, demikian juga dengan bertambah cepatnya waktu konsentrasi aliran (Tc) setiap DAS untuk setiap tahun pengamatan. Berdasarkan pola kecenderungan perubahan nilai C, CN, dan Tc dari tahun 1980 - 1995. maka dapat diprediksikan pada tahun-tahun mendatang besar debit maksimum cenderung akan terus meningkat sehingga perlu diambil suatu kebijakan penanganan untuk mengantisipasi dampak yang ditimbulkannya. Subjek: Hydrology, dst.
Keyword: Water balance, Rainfall, Run off

Judul: Model dinamik pengelolaan daerah aliran sungai (watershed) dalam upaya penyediaan air yang berkelanjutan di Semenanjung Leitimor Pulau Ambon,
Abstrak: Landcover changes from forest to other uses will impact the hydrological sistem, and result in the availability of water in the watershed Semenajung Leitimor Ambon Island. Population growth in the city of Ambon will be proportional to the demand for land and water requirements. The purpose of this study was (i). Analyzing changes in land cover in the watershed Leitimor Peninsula, (ii) to analyze the discharge mainstay at Peninsula Watershed Leitimor, (iii) to analyze the need for water in the peninsula Leitimor and (iv) Designing watershed management model for supporting sustainable water resources ecologically, economically and sosial Leitimor Peninsula. Analysis using digital image analysis, SWAT analysis, Multidimensional Scale (MDS) dynamic models (Stella) and descriptive analysis. The results showed that there have been changes in watershed landcover in Ambon; SWAT models can describe the characteristics of the watershed with an average water availability at the fifth annual tie at 395.6 million m3; catchment water demand in the fifth over of the production of water services company; multidimensional sustainability status of 50.97% is quite sustainable management model is best RHL activities and expansion of agriculture with agroforestry sistems, and stakeholders a role in watershed management is the Forum DAS and forest farmer groups.
Keyword: 

Judul: Heterologous Expression Of Endo-Β-Xylanase From Bacillus Pumilus Strain Bcrs-01 In Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolase family 11 which depolymerise xylan in the plant cell wall, the most excessive form of hemicellulose. Endo-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are most important to breakdown β-1,4-glicoside bond of xylan to produce disaccaride xyloolygosaccaride (XOs) and xylose (monomer). Bovine rumen fluids have potential to obtain endo-β-xylanase produced of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to obtain xylanase producing bacteria and to express xynA gene encoding endo-β-xylanase from bacterium in Escherichia coli. Twenty nine isolate bacteria have been succesfully isolated from bovine rumen fluid in agar medium containing birchwood xylan. Isolate BCRS-01 bacterium was previously screened for the high production of xylanase. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BCRS-01 showed high similarity (99%) to Bacillus pumilus (accession number NR043241). The crude xylanase had optimal activity at 55oC, pH 7.0. Furthermore, the crude xylanase exhibited broad pH stability from 4.0 to 10.0 and remained more than 60% and 40% of its activity after incubation at pH 4.0 until 10.0, respectively for 60 min. It also showed a stability at temperature 25-50oC since it retained 80% and 50% of its activity when incubated at 50oC or 30 and 60 min, respectively. The xylanase activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Cu2+ at concentration 10 mM, and as little as 1 mM for Mn2+. Therefore, this xylanase has potentially used as additive feeds in animal feed industry. The DNA sequence xynA gene encoded endo-β-xylanase was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET-15by under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant protein had succesfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A protein recombinant of approximately, 26.7 kDa was observed on the SDS-PAGE analysis. Crude extract of recombinant endo-β-xylanase demonstrated activity of enzyme at 56 U mL-1 using birchwood xylan as a substrate at 55oC for 10 min.
Keyword: Bacillus pumilus, bovine rumen fluid, endo-β-xylanase, heterologous expression.