Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Ada empat hal yang menjadi tujuan penelitian, pertama, menganalisis secara spasial kemungkinan penyebaran bahan radionuklida bila terjadi kecelakaan suatu Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Nuklir (PLTN) di Ujung Lemahabang; kedua, menganalisis dampak radiologi secara individu dan kolektif dan dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkannya, ketiga, menganalisis pertumbuhan penduduk dan pengaruhnya terhadap dampak radiologi dan ke empat menganalisis pemanfaatan ruang sekitar PLTN dalam kaitannya dengan penyiapan tanggap darurat. Hipotesis dari penelitian ini adalah: melalui pengendalian pemanfaatan ruang sekitar PLTN dan perencanaan sistem tanggap darurat penduduk dapat terhindar dari dampak radiologi lebih besar bila terjadi kecelakaan. Studi dilakukan dengan observasi ke lapangan, mengumpulkan data dari berbagai sumber dan menganalisisnya berdasarkan distribusi pelepasan radionuklida pada kondisi kecelakaan parah. Pelepasan radionuklida dihitung mengikuti fasa lolosnya radionuklida melalui berbagai lapis (barrier) sampai ke pengungkung. Sumber radionuklida yang keluar dari pengungkung didispersi ke atmosfir dengan menggunakan model distribusi Gauss untuk mengestimasi sebaran konsentrasi dan dosis individu. Berdasarkan perkiraan dosis ini dan dengan bantuan sistem informasi geografis (SIG) disusun zone kedaruratan yang meliputi zone PAZ, 0-2 km, UPZ, 2-10 km, LPZ, > 10 km. Selanjutnya diperkirakan besar dampak radiologi dan biaya kerusakan yang ditimbulkannya. Hasil penting dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) teridentifikasinya sebaran dosis dominan pelepasan bahan radionuklida yaitu ke arah Selatan, lokasi critical group pada radius 500 m ke arah Barat, dan zone ekslusi pada jarak < 1 km dari Ujung Lemahabang, (2) terbukti bahwa tidak terdapat dampak radiologi segera oleh pelepasan bahan radionuklida pada kondisi normal maupun kecelakaan, namun untuk jangka panjang dampak tersebut menunjukkan konsekuensi namun masih dibawah batas yang diijinkan, (3) terindikasi bahwa pola pertumbuhan penduduk di sekitar PLTN berpusat pada kota berpenduduk rapat dengan jarak di atas 10 km dari PLTN, hal ini sesuai dengan persyaratan penentuan lokasi PLTN dimana PLTN harus dibangun jauh dari pusat kerapatan penduduk untuk menghindari dampak radiologi yang lebih besar dan biaya kerusakannya, 4) kondisi pemanfaatan ruang saat ini masih berpenduduk rendah karena wilayah didominasi oleh perkebunan karet dan tidak ada aktivitas yang dapat mengancam beroperasinya PLTN. Kondisi ini harus dipertahankan dengan memasukkan rencana lokasi PLTN ini ke dalam kebijakan tata ruang Kabupaten Jepara, demikian pula hasil ini dijadikan landasan untuk mempersiapkan rencana tanggap darurat.
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Judul: GIS approach to determine the earthquake hazard areas in feasibility site for nuclear power plant in Bangka Island
Abstrak: The Indonesian government is planning to build four nuclear power plants (PLTNs) until 2025 to meet domestic demand for electricity based on Presidential Decree No. 5/2006 on national energy policy. In accordance with Act No. 10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy and the latest Presidential Decree No. 64 Year 2005, BATAN has been stipulated as a Non Departmental Government Institution which is under and responsible to the President. Indonesia is located in triple junction of tree mega plates, the site of a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, has heighted risks and popular concerns about nuclear power. The most important seismic activity which could affect the area is Sumatra Fault. Therefore, earthquake hazard analysis is very important for evaluating the safety of existing critical structures and for estimating the possible risk to critical structures in planning stages of Nuclear Power Plant. The main objective of this research is to identify the earthquake hazardous areas in feasibility site for Nuclear Power Plant in Bangka Island. This research was conducted from January to June 2013 including the data preparation, data processing, and developing Method. The processing of this data was being conducted in the Tsunami and Earthquake Centre BMKG, Jakarta. The study area is located at the Bangka Island between the latitudes of -1.30° and -3.30° and longitudes of 105° and 107°. The study area includes four regencies totally and partially. Weighted overlay analysis is the methodology of choice in this study. Weighted overlay is a well known for combining multiple criteria for identifying a earthquake hazard areas. The simple additive weighting (SAW) method was chosen based on incorporation of GIS and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis. While weighted overlay procedure helps including criteria together with certain ranking or rating factors can be utilized for determine earthquake hazard areas for the construction of Nuclear Power Plant. The methodology used in the study consists of: (a) Data collection, (b) Data preparation and (c) Simple Additive Weighting Method. In this study, important factors closely related to earthquake hazards such as seismicity, geology, slope, earthquake intensity, soil distribution and amplification factors data were compiled for spatial database using GIS, and ranked by relative susceptibility of earthquake hazards. According to the results of factor analysis, fault distance is the most importance factor followed by earthquake intensity as the second most important parameter. Furthermore, predominant period, amplification factor, lithology and slope are the third, fourth, fifth and sixth important parameters. The earthquake hazard areas map of the study area was categorized in three resultant classes as: High, moderate and low damage areas. The areas to the south and west are generally either low or of medium hazardous to earthquakes. According to the earthquake hazard areas map it can be seen clearly that moderate level of earthquake hazard is dominantly found on Bangka Island with 809.735 Ha or 69.35 % totally of study area. Earthquake prone area distributed at the east part of Bangka islands. Exactly earthquake prone area is located in several districts such as Bangka Barat, Bangka Selatan and Bangka with totally 221.692 Ha. The areas belong to
Keyword: GIS, SAW, earthquake, hazard, areas, damage

Judul: Karakteristik Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH
Abstrak: Carboxymethyl chitosan is chitosan derivative product obtained from chemical modification. CMCh were made by alkalization process and carboxymethylation process. Factors that affect CMCh characteristics were excess sodium hydroxide in alkalization process, ratio between chitosan and monochloroacetic acid, and carboxymethylation temperature. The objectives of this research were to study the NaOH effect to CMCh characteristics, to learn process of making CMCh, to set the proper concentration of NaOH, and to analyze CMCh characteristics. CMCh yields were 110.72%-114.22%. CMCh pH value were 3.74-4.31. The optimum NaOH concentration to obtain the best CHCh was 10 M. Percentage of CMCh moisture content was 10.70%-11.42%. Ash content and nitrogen content of CMCh were 0.49%-0.50% and 4.52%-4.81%. CMCh viscousity was 8.25 cps. Percentage of CMCh solubility was 61.61%-91.50%. The different functional groups from chitosan which observed in CMCh were C=O group, CH group from alkene functional group, C−O group, and C−O−C group.
Keyword: solubility., functional group, CMCh characteristics, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan