Judul: The Analysis of Livelihood Resilience of Leather Craftsmen During The COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study: Leather Craftsmen in Sukaregang Leather Industry Center, Garut Regency, West Java)
Abstrak: Penyebaran pandemi COVID-19 menimbulkan dampak yang serius kepada Usaha, Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) seperti penurunan jumlah penjualan. UMKM sektor industri kulit khususnya di Kabupaten Garut merupakan salah satu UMKM yang merasakan dampak serius akibat pandemi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis struktur nafkah, mekanisme adaptasi, dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap resiliensi nafkah rumah tangga pengrajin kulit pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung dengan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur nafkah rumah tangga yang terdiri dari beragam sumber nafkah dapat mempercepat waktu pulih dari keadaan krisis (strong resilient) karena tidak bergantung pada satu sumber nafkah saja. Selanjutnya, besarnya modal fisik rumah tangga yang banyak dapat mempercepat waktu pulih dari keadaan krisis (strong resilient) karena modal fisik tersebut dapat dijual sewaktu mengalami krisis. Berbeda dengan hal itu, semakin besar jumlah tenaga kerja yang telah mempelajari kerajinan kulit dalam suatu rumah tangga dapat memperlambat waktu pulih dari keadaan krisis (less resilient) karena sumber nafkah dalam rumah tangga tersebut hanya bergantung pada satu sumber nafkah saja yaitu sektor industri kulit. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap resiliensi nafkah rumah tangga pengrajin kulit adalah (1) struktur nafkah, (2) besarnya modal fisik, dan (3) jumlah tenaga kerja yang telah mempelajari kerajinan kulit., The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on Micro, Small Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) such as a decrease in the number of sales. MSMEs in leather industry sector, especially in Garut Regency, are one of the MSMEs that have felt a serious impact due to pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the livelihood structure, adaptation mechanisms, and factors that significantly influence the household livelihood resilience of leather craftsmen during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative research supported by qualitative. The results of this study indicate that structure of household livelihood which consists of various sources of livelihood can accelerate recovery from a crisis because it does not depend on a single source of livelihood. Next, the large amount of household physical capital can accelerate recovery from a crisis because physical capital can be sold in times of crisis. Different from that, greater number of workers who have studied leather craft in a household can slow down time to recover from a crisis because source of livelihood in household only depends on one source of livelihood, namely leather industry sector. Thus, it can be concluded that factors that significantly influence household livelihood resilience of leather craftsmen are (1) structure of livelihood, (2) amount of physical capital, and (3) number of workers who have studied leather craft.
Keyword: pandemi, pengrajin kulit, resiliensi nafkah, pandemic, leather craftsman, livelihood resilience

Judul: Analysis of Resilience and Livelihood Strategies for Emping Craftsnen Household during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 yang terjadi pada awal tahun 2020 memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap perekonomian masyarakat di Indonesia. Pandemi COVID-19 menjadi salah satu guncangan bagi kelangsungan sistem nafkah rumah tangga pengrajin emping di Desa Banyubiru, Kecamatan Labuan, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Provinsi Banten. Modal nafkah yang dimiliki dan strategi nafkah yang digunakan menjadi salah satu upaya rumah tangga dalam menghadapi guncangan yang terjadi untuk mencapai kelentingan (resiliensi) nafkah. Tujuan dari penelitian skripsi ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur nafkah rumah tangga pengrajin emping, mekanisme adaptasi nafkah yang dilakukan oleh rumah tangga pengrajin emping, dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi resiliensi nafkah rumah tangga pengrajin emping. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif serta didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif yang menghasilkan data kuantitatif dan data kualitatif. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui kuisioner dan data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara mendalam. Kata kunci : kelentingan nafkah, mekanisme adaptasi nafkah, rumah tangga, struktur nafkah ABSTRACT NIRMALA QOTRUN NIDA. Analysis of Resilience and Livelihood Strategies for Emping Craftsmen Household during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study: Banyubiru Village, Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten Province). Supervised by ARYA HADI DHARMAWAN. The COVID-19 pandemic that occurred in early 2020 had a significant impact on the economy of people in Indonesia. The COVID-19 pandemic has become one of the shocks for the continuity of the chip craftsman's household livelihood system in Banyubiru Village, Labuan District, Pandeglang Regency, Banten. The livelihood capital they have and the livelihood strategies used are one of the household efforts in dealing with shocks that occur to achieve livelihood resilience. The purpose of this research is to analyze the structure of the household livelihood of the emping craftsmen, the livelihood adaptive mechanism carried out by the emping craftsmen household, and the factors that affect the resilience of household livelihood of the emping craftsmen. This research uses a quantitative approach and supported by qualitative approach that produces quantitative data and qualitative data. Quantitative data were obtained through questionnaires and qualitative data were obtained through in-depth interviews. Keywords: livelihood resilience, livelihood adaptive mechanism, household, income structure
Keyword: kelentingan nafkah, mekanisme adaptasi nafkah, rumah tangga, struktur nafkah

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: