Judul: Analisis Willingness to Pay Pendaki terhadap Pelestarian Jalur Pendakian Cemoro Kandang di Wana Wisata Puncak Lawu, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Lawu forest tourism is a mountaineering tourism object located in Karanganyar, Central Java which has hiking path named Cemoro Kandang. The negative impact of hiking activities such as littering, cutting of trees/branches, and ignorance of hikers to extinguish the campfire may threaten the preservation of Cemoro Kandang hiking path. The effort of preservation should be made to preserve the environment Cemoro Kandang hiking path. The value of Willingness to Pay (WTP) could be made as recommendation to the managers for the preservation fund. The objective of this research is to assess the perception of the hikers about the environment quality of Cemoro Kandang hiking path, to estimate the value of maximum WTP towards the preservation of Cemoro Kandang hiking path and to identify the factors that influence it. The result of research is respondents strongly agree that hiking path are cause by dirty garbages. Respondents agree that the vegetations around hiking path were damaged, but the respondents disagree that the air and water condition around the hiking path has been polluted. The average value of maximum WTP for the preservation of cemoro Kandang hiking path are Rp 9 354.29 using regression logistic and Rp 9 125 using Turnbull methods. The value of WTP is also the non-use value such as existence value of Lawu Forest Tourism, bequest value of Lawu Forest Tourism, and enjoyment value of hikers. The factors affecting the value of maximum WTP for the preservation of Cemoro Kandang hiking path are the value of the bid, revenue, cost of the visit and the perception of environmental quality.
Keyword: Willingness to Pay, preservation, Lawu Forest Tourism, hiking path

Judul: Willingness to Pay for Hutan Hujan Sentul Ecotourism, Bogor Entry Ticket Based on Visitors' Characteristics and Perceptions
Abstrak: Kabupaten Bogor merupakan wilayah di Jawa Barat yang memiliki berbagai macam wana wisata yang indah, salah satunya adalah Wana Wisata Hutan Hujan Sentul. Wana Wisata tersebut menempati area hutan pinus seluas 26,7 Hektar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur besarnya nilai Willingness to Pay (WTP) pengunjung terhadap penetapan tarif tiket masuk sehingga pengelola dapat memaksimalkan pelayanan serta meningkatkan sarana dan prasarana Wana Wisata Hutan Hujan Sentul. Uji hipotesis dilakukan dengan uji statistik T dengan bantuan program SPSS untuk mengetahui pengaruh karakteristik dan persepsi pengunjung terhadap WTP. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa besaran nilai WTP yang mampu dibayarkan oleh wisatawan Wana Wisata Hutan Hujan Sentul berada pada nilai rata-rata sebesar Rp11.818 per orang. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi besarnya WTP adalah variabel asal wisatawan (X1), dan biaya untuk mengunjungi lokasi wisata (X4). Sedangkan variabel pendidikan (X2) dan pendapatan (X3) tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap besarnya nilai Willingness to Pay, The Bogor Regency is an area in West Java that has various beautiful nature attractions, one of which is the Hutan Hujan Sentul Tourism. This nature tourism area covers a 26.7 hectares pine forest. The purpose of this study is to measure Willingness to Pay (WTP) for the entrance ticket for enhancing and improving services and infrastructure facilities of the Hutan Hujan Sentul Tourism. Hypothesis testing was carried out using the T statistical test using the SPSS program to determine the influence of visitor characteristics and perceptions on WTP. Data collection was carried out using questionnaires. The research results indicate that the average WTP that tourists are willing to pay for the Hutan Hujan Sentul Tourism is IDR 11,818 per person. The factors that influence the amount of WTP are the tourist origin variable (X1) and the travel costs variable (X4), while the education (X2) and income (X3) variables have no effect on the value of Willingness to Pay.
Keyword: karakteristik pengunjung, persepsi pengunjung, tiket masuk, wana wisata, willingness to pay

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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