Judul: Flume Tank Sebagai Sarana Penelitian Tingkah Laku Ikan
Abstrak: Flume tank adalah sebuah alat penelitian yang dibuat untuk mempermudah pengamatan tingkah laku ikan dengan menggunakan instrumentasi yang sederhana. Diharapkan alat ini nantinya akan sangat bermanfaat bagi kegiatan penelitian laboratorium khususnya observasi tingkah laku renang ikan. konstruksi flume tank ini berbentuk melingkar tanpa sudut siku, karena dapat mengurangi turbulensi yang terjadi ketika arus air mulai digerakkan. Dilengkapi dengan penghomogen arus yang dapat meratakan sebaran kecepatan arus yang berputar sehingga kecepatan arus pada setiap bagian merata, terutama di titik pengamatan. Flume tank dilengkapi dengan dua kamera yang dapat merekam dari dua arah yang berbeda yaitu vertikal dan horizontal. Dari dua kamera tersebut nantinya dihasilkan data pengamatan yang akan dianalisis menggunakan software atau program-program pengolahan dan pengeditan film. Data tersebut dapat dianalisis dengan membaca tiap frame yang dihasilkan pada masing-masing software, biasanya dalam 1 detik akan menghasilkan 25 frame. Flume tank ini telah diuji coba untuk mengamati pola dan kecepatan renang ikan bawal. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa pola renang ikan bawal dengan tipe body and or caudal fin locomotion undulatory dengan tipe subcarangiform. Sedangkan untuk kecepatan renang ikan bawal telah diperoleh hubungan antara frekeunsi kibasan untuk kecepatan renangnya. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan frekuensi kibasan ekor berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan renang yaitu semakin besar frekuensi kibasan ekor maka kecepatan renang yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar pula.
Keyword: 

Judul: Design and construction of mini flume tank for fish swimming behaviour experiment
Abstrak: This research is carried out to design and construct mini flume tank that is reliable and ideal used for fish swimming behavior experiment through a series testing the flume tank for its technical performance. The mini flume tank has a maximum water velocity 85 cm/s (1.7 knots), with dimensions of 250 x 135 x 55 cm, and water capacity 155 litres. Based on the operation test, field observation on the tanks was clearly visible due to minimal air bubbles in the water flow. The observations for fish swimming behaviour experiment could be conducted from the two view fields (top and side) that allow observation of swimming endurance and fish tail flick easily. The water velocity visually was in laminar category at each level of the tested flow speeds. The rpm of motor was relatively stable for more than 200 minutes. The motor temperature was below 60 oC at frequency of 10 to 40 Hz. At frequency of 50 Hz the temperature reached 60 °C in 25 minutes and stable at 73oC after an hour. Water temperature changes during the test for more than 200 minutes at different speeds which have differences of 0.2 to 1.8 oC. The test result showed that the mini flume tank performance was reliable and ideal used for fish swimming behavior experiment.
Keyword: 

Judul: Waxes, policosanols and aldehydes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and okinawan brown sugar (kokuto)
Abstrak: Waxes, long chain alcohols and aldehydes were found in several variants of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and Kokuto, a non-centrifuged Okinawan cane brown sugar. Long chain alcohols, policosanols, have been reported to have beneficial effect to human health. The composition of wax in sugarcane was analyzed using HPLC with an evaporative light scattering detector. Sugarcane wax composed of 55–60% aldehydes, sterol esters and wax esters, 32–40% alcohols, and small amounts of triacylglycerols, acids and sterols. Extraction of policosanols performed effectively with hexane and methanol (20:1 v/v), while that of long chain aldehydes was with chloroform and methanol (2:1 v/v). Their composition was determined using GC with a flame ionization detector, whereas their compounds were identified using GC-MS. Sugarcane rinds contained up to 500 mg policosanols and 600 mg aldehydes per 100 g sample of Ni 22 cultivar. The content of policosanol and long chain aldehyde in Kokuto was influenced by its production systems. Compositional analysis of the end product confirmed the presence of policosanols and aldehydes up to 85 mg and 8 mg respectively per 100 g sample of Kokuto A, a product of brown sugar manufacture with open pan heating system. Octacosanol and octacosanal were found to be the major wax components in both sugarcane and Kokuto samples. This study revealed significant difference in content and composition of waxes, policosanols and long chain aldehydes between sugarcane parts, cultivars and harvesting times; also between Kokuto types and production methods.
Keyword: