Judul: The Use of Cheese Whey to Make Nata de whey with Addition of Ammonium Sulfate and Glucose.
Abstrak: Cheese is one of milk product which has high nutrition value and a specific flavor. Cheese can be consumed directly or mixed with other food. Adults and children like cheese because of its specific flavor and also important for their growth as a protein and calcium source. The growth of cheese industry in Indonesia is promising because of the consumer's needs to fulfill the food consumption that has high nutrition value with a reasonable price. Imported cheese surely has a higher price com(Dre to cheese that can be made locally with a competing quality. The problem with the cheese industry in Indonesia is the existence of a side product called liquid whey, which is still considered as liquid waste and has not yet been exploited. This problem causes water pollution and unpleasant odor for the environment.
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Judul: Karakteristik keju lunak hasil fermentasi dengan bakteri asam laktat indigenus
Abstrak: Milk with a high fat and protein content can be used in cheese production. Initially, cheese products in Indonesia are imported for supply the specific consumer. However, the cheese has become a kind of common food for Indonesian people. Cheese is usually consumed as a supplement and a flavor enhancer of food. This growing triggers some dairy-based food industry in Indonesia to produce cheese and its diversification. The diversifications are ranging from fresh to processed cheese. One of innovation product is the probiotic cheese products. This study used three different types of lactic acid bacteria: 1) Lactobacillus acidophilus RRM-01 (LA-RRM01), 2) Bifidobacterium longum RRM-01 (BL-RRM01) and 3) Lactococcus lactis DSB 42 (LL-DSB42) to produce a functional cheese product by fermentation of lactic acid bacteria. Analysis was performed on the quality of fresh milk using a pH meter and milko tester, bacterial culture are prepared by refreshment and propagation, soft cheese production by the addition lactic acid bacteria cultures. The analysis of the products includes physical (yield), chemical (pH, moisture content, protein rude, crude fat and ash) and microbiological (lactic acid bacteria). The research used the factorial completely randomized design in three replication. The parameters are pH value, carbohydrate, LAB population. Analysis of crude protein, crude fat, moisture content were performed by randomized block design (RBD). The data were collected from seven treatments of lactic acid bacteria culture (LA-RRM-01/LA, BL-RRM-01/BL, LL-DSB 42/LL, BL-LA, BL-LL, LA-LL and BL-LA-LL). The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Duncan test for multiplication comparison test. The Sensory analysis was tested by non-parametric analysis. Fresh milk quality of FH cows with a fat content (4.9%), protein (3.8%), lactose (4.0%) and pH (6.7) is accordance with the SNI 314.1:2011 standard. The cheese was produced contain the yield ranging from 17.9% -22.5%, pH values from 5.10 to 5.79, and classified as soft cheese. The treatment did not effect in moisture content, crude protein and ash, but there were significant differences (P <0.05) in the carbohydrate and crude fat either in single culture or culture of the three bacteria. The use of single culture bacteria or in a mixture did not inhibit the other cultures. The population of lactic acid bacteria in the products is approximately 9 log10 cfu g-1. The hardness product cultured by mixed two bacterial cultures were significantly different (P <0.05) with that of three bacterial cultures. Fifty panelists gave neutral and like slightly assessment for the color, flavor, aroma and general preferences of soft cheese (value 3.6 to 5.3), dislike slightly for the appearance of texture (value 2.5 to 3.6). Panelists assessment of the hedonic quality were white-yellow (value 5.0 to 6.1), bitter-sour taste typical cheese-(value 4.4 to 5.0), the typical cheese-sour aroma (value 5.3 -5.6), texture (value 5.2 to 6.4) and consistency (value 5.3 to 7.1). Because of high water content in all the soft cheese products (> 55%) and looks watery consistency, the texture of the products is less preferred by the panelists. Panelists felt bitter and sour after taste. It was concluded that the milk used for cheese production meets
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Judul: Kecepatan Terbang Burung Merpati Balap Lokal (Tipe Tinggian)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah Jakarta, tepatnya Rawamangun Selatan, Gg. Kana Tanah Merah Lama, Jakarta Timur. Ternak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 46 ekor burung merpati lokal terdiri dari 23 pasang burung merpati jantan dan betina yang berumur 9 bulan samapi 12 bulan. Jarak melepaskan burung merpati pada penelitian ini sekitar 4 km. Waktu terbang diukur dengan cara sewaktu burung merpati dilepas dari tempat diterbangkan, joki yang melepas memberi aba-aba melalui handphone kepada joki yang berada di kandang bahwa burung merpati siap dilepas. Peubah yang diamati adalah karakteristik kualitatif, kecepatan terbang, pola terbang dan ukuran tubuh burung merpati balap tipe tinggian. Data disajikan secara deskriptif tentang karakteristik kualitatif, kecepatan terbang, pola terbang dan ukuran tubuh burung merpati balap tipe tinggian. Rataan, simpangan baku dan koefisien keragamannya dihitung untuk mengetahui keragaman dan keseragaman pada ukuran tubuh burung merpati balap tipe tinggian dengan menggunakan rumus koefisien keragaman (Walpole, 1992). Kecepatan terbang burung merpati balap tipe tinggian dilakukan selama tiga kali giring. Kecepatan antar periode giring diuji dengan uji t dengan menggunakan rumus (Walpole, 1992). Nilai koefisien keragaman (KK) dari yang paling besar sampai paling kecil adalah lebar pangkal ekor (12,37%), panjang bulu ekor (10,27%), panjang punggung (9,43%), lebar bulu ekor (9,27%), bobot badan (8,15%), dalam dada (7,41%), panjang bulu sayap (7,17%), lingkar dada (3,62%) dan lebar dada (3,48%). Berdasarkan urutan tersebut, maka ukuran tubuh yang paling beragam adalah lebar pangkal ekordan yang paling seragam adalah lebar dada. Lebar pangkal ekor dapat dijadikan penentu seleksi burung merpati balap tipe tinggian karena berpengaruh nyata negatif (P<0,05) terhadap kecepatan terbang burung merpati balap tipe tinggian. Kecepatan terbang merpati tidak berbeda nyata antara periode giring satu dengan periode giring yang lain, hal ini menunjukan bahwa setelah burung merpati dilatih maka kemampuan terbangnya cenderung stabil. Hasil analisis korelasi untuk lingkar dada, lebar dada, panjang punggung, panjang bulu sayap dan panjang bulu ekor tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang nyata dengan kecepatan terbang. Bobot badan, dalam dada, lebar bulu ekor dan lebar pangkal ekor menunjukkan hubungan yang nyata dengan kecepatan terbang. Pada pengamatan di lapang diperoleh beberapa pola terbang burung merpati balap tinggian yaitu 1). Pola berputar lalu terbang lurus (burung merpati warna kelabu dan tritis) dengan kecepatan rata-rata masing-masing 18,69 dan 18,65 m/detik, 2). Pola langsung terbang lurus (burung merpati warna megan, hitam, gambir dan megan 2). Dengan kecepatan rata-rata masing-masing 23,62; 25,39; 28,88 dan 29,18 m/detik, 3). Terbang lalu ditengah perjalanan dahulu setelah itu terbang lurus (burung merpati warna blorok, tritis megan, blantong dan kelabu selap) dengan kecepatan rata-rata masing-masing 20,18; 20,21; 21,94 dan 21,94 m/detik. Burung merpati balap tinggian yang memiliki kecepatan terbang tertinggi (29,18 m/detik) mempunyai pola terbang langsung terbang lurus, bobot badan (330 g), lingkar dada (22 cm), dalam dada (5,4 cm), lebar dada (8 cm), panjang punggung (12 cm), panjang bulu sayap (18 cm), lebar bulu ekor (4,4 cm), lebar pangkal ekor (3,5 cm) dan panjang bulu ekor (11 cm).
Keyword: high racing pigeon, flight pattern, flight speed, quantitative characterstics