Judul: Pengaruh Lokasi Lahan Garapan Terhadap Moda Produksi Petani Tembakau di Kabupaten Temanggung
Abstrak: This research aims to determine the effect of the arable land locations in the highlands and lowlands to the mode of production that develops on tobacco farming communities. This research was conducted using quantitative research approach, namely the use of instruments such as questionnaires, and qualitative research approach using case study method. These results explained that there are dominations of the capitalist mode of production in the lowlands, while in the highlands, the dominations occurred in the use of commercial mode of production. In the highlands, the capitalist mode of production has also been used by some farmers. Information obtained from the results of the case study states that the use of the capitalist mode of production in highlands is being increasingly used. This fact concludes that tobacco farming communities in the highlands using commercial mode of production with capitalist tendencies or can be referred to pre-capitalist mode of production. The differences between the mode of productions that develops in the two locations is caused by several factors, including the cultivation pattern and orientation of production, education level, labor requirements, and market accessibility.
Keyword: tobacco., mode of production, location of land

Judul: The effect of farmer’s risk production behaviour on the input allocation of tobacco farming: a stochastic frontier production function approach
Abstrak: Tembakau (Nicotiana spp.L.) Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Pamekasan karena daerah ini merupakan salah satu sentra produksi tembakau Madura yang dikenal sebagai tembakau aromatis. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua petani tembakau yang berusahatani di daerah Pegunungan, tegalan, dan sawah baik yang menggunakan sistem kemitraan maupun sistem swadaya. Sampel penelitian sebanyak 450 responden. Model Kumbhakar (2002) diadopsi untuk menganalisis merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang masih memiliki peranan cukup penting dalam pembangunan sub sektor perkebunan. Di Kabupaten Pamekasan komoditas tembakau merupakan komoditas unggulan daerah yang sangat mendominasi sektor perkebunan sehingga pemerintah daerah sangat konsen dalam membantu mengatasi permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh petani-petani tembakau. Dinas Perkebunan Pamekasan menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2009 tenaga kerja yang terserap di sektor ini mencapai 337 000 orang. Dari jumlah tersebut, 304 000 orang adalah petani yang membudidayakan komoditas tembakau baik didataran rendah maupun di pegunungan. Pada saat kegiatan pascapanen dapat melibatkan sekitar 30 000 orang, 1 600 pedagang, 400 perajin tikar dan tali untuk pembungkus tembakau yang sudah diolah, serta 500 orang perajin tembakau krosok. Salah satu permasalahan dalam usahatani tembakau adalah penurunan produktivitas tembakau dirasakan oleh hampir keseluruhan petani tembakau di Kabupaten Pamekasan. Rata-rata Produktivitas tembakau Pamekasan berada dibawah rata-rata produktivitas tembakau di daerah lain di Jawa Timur (1.78 ton/hektar), namun bagi petani tembakau di Kabupaten Pamekasan keadaan ini tidak menyurutkan mereka untuk tetap menanam tembakau. Bahkan dari tahun ke tahun ada kecenderungan terjadi peningkatan luas areal tanam. Ini terjadi karena menurut persepsi para petani menanam komoditas tembakau lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan menanam komoditas lain. Tingkat produktivitas usahatani yang dihasilkan oleh petani, tidak terlepas dari perilaku petani dalam menghadapi risiko, karena pilihan perilaku tersebut dapat mempengaruhi alokasi input yang digunakan dan pada akhirnya akan mempengaruhi tingkat produktivitas dan efisiensi yang dicapai. Berkenaaan dengan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis : (1) perilaku risiko produksi petani, (2) karakteristik petani berdasarkan perilaku risiko petani dan pengaruh perilaku tersebut terhadap alokasi input, efisiensi, produktivitas serta keuntungan, dan (3) tingkat efisiensi dan sumber-sumber
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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