Judul: Daily Behavior of Axolotl (Ambystoma mexicanum) in Aquarium Maintenance
Abstrak: Ambystoma mexicanum atau axolotl adalah salamander yang termasuk jenis eksotis dari Meksiko. Salamander ini potensial dipelihara sebagai hewan eksotis didukung insang eksternal dan warna kulit yang bervariasi. Pemeliharaan axolotl masih menjadi masalah utama, karena dapat menurunkan kesejahteraan hidup axolotl apabila informasi terbatas bagi pemelihara. Kesejahteraan hidup dipengaruhi oleh kondisi hewan dan kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari perilaku harian axolotl berdasarkan warna kulit, jumlah individu di akuarium, dan periode waktu. Pemeliharaan axolotl dilakukan di akuarium dengan suhu 22,3–23,0 °C serta pencahayaan (12/12 jam). Objek penelitian terdiri dari axolotl dengan warna kulit merah muda (leucistic), kuning (golden), dan kecoklatan berbintik hitam (marble). Observasi perilaku harian axolotl menggunakan metode focal animal sampling dengan total 264 jam pengamatan. Perilaku harian yang diamati meliputi sosial, agonistik, dan lokomosi. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi antara warna kulit, jumlah individu, dan periode waktu tidak memengaruhi perilaku harian axolotl. Masingmasing faktor periode waktu dan jumlah individu mempengaruhi perilaku harian axolotl. Faktor warna kulit hanya memengaruhi perilaku sosial. Axolotl golden paling banyak melakukan aktivitas sosial. Axolotl lebih banyak beraktivitas pada siang hari daripada malam hari. Populasi tiga individu di akuarium meningkatkan perilaku sosial dan agonistik, namun menurunkan lokomosi, Ambystoma mexicanum or axolotl is an exotic type of salamander from Mexico. Axolotl has the potential as an exotic animal because of its external gills and varied skin color. Axolotl maintenance is still a major problem, which could reduce the welfare if the information is limited for keepers. The animal and environmental conditions influence welfare. The research aims to study the daily behaviour of axolotls based on skin color, number of individuals, and time period. Axolotl was maintained in an aquarium with temperature (22.3–23.0 °C) and lighting (12/12 hours). The objects consisted of axolotls in pink (leucistic), yellow (golden) and brownish skin with black spots (marble). Daily behaviour were observed by focal animal sampling (total of 264 hours). Daily behaviours included social, agonistic, and locomotion. Data were analyzed with an ANOVA test. The results showed that interaction between skin color, number of individuals and time period didn’t affect the daily behaviour of axolotls. The time period and the number of individuals influenced daily behaviour. The skin color only influenced social behaviour. Golden axolotl carried the most social activities. Axolotls were more active during the day than at night. Populations of three individuals in an aquarium increased social and agonistic, but decreased locomotion.
Keyword: aggressiveness, external gills, leucistic, solitary

Judul: Manajemen Penangkaran, Morfologi dan Aktivitas Harian Biawak Ekor Biru (Varanus doreanus AB Meyer 1874) di PT Mega Citrindo
Abstrak: PT Mega Citrindo is one corporate engaged in the trade (export) species of reptiles. The high demand of society to increasingly threaten the existence of reptiles wildlife animals in the wild. This corporate has been doing business a captive reptile is one of the blue tail monitor. This research aims to study the technical aspects of breeding management blue tailed monitor (Varanus doreanus), know the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of a blue tail monitor morphology as a determinant of sex and age classes and observe the daily activity of the blue tailed monitor in the cage. This study was conducted in April to May 2010 at PT Mega Citrindo. The method used is direct observation, interview and literature study. Data collected include the technical aspects of breeding, morphological characteristics of lizards both quantitatively and qualitatively the basis of sex and age classes and the daily activity of lizards in the cage. Data were analyzed by descriptive equipped with pictures, tables and graphs that are relevant. Captive breeding of a blue tail monitor in this corporate include the type of captivity been intensified with the economic objectives. This corporate has two types of cages for the blue tail monitor, which is a permanent enclosure as a place for adolescents and adults living lizard cage boxes and then container as a place to accommodate the young lizard before exported. Total length (from head-tail) of adult male lizards body average is 127.33 cm, while the adult female measuring 127 cm on average. This suggests that lizard body size of adult male and adult female relative is almost the same but age is not known for certain lizards. But if at the same age male lizards have a larger body size than females. Based on test results of chi-kuadarat on observations obtained X2 lizard activity count (205.66) > X2 table (15.507), so it can be proven that the daily activity time allocation for each lizard at times is a different age class. Captive breeding of this still needs more attention because the lizard has not been successfully bred. Blue-tailed monitor, including species that are morphologically monomorphic difficult to distinguish gender. Male lizards have a brighter color hue as compared to females. When grown in blue fade on the tail and body color will change from black to grayish black. More adult lizards sunbathing activity and rest, do more teens lizard feeding activity and resting while the lizard more tillers moving activity.
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Judul: Prenilasi Senyawa β-Diketon sebagai Prekursor 3-Prenilflavon
Abstrak: One group of flavonoids that has not been commonly synthesized is 3- prenylflavone. The main objective of this experiment was to synthesize precursor of 3-prenylflavone. Firstly, β-diketone was synthesized via 4 steps from phenol as starting compound with total yield of 24%. Prenylation of β-diketone with prenyl bromide and K2CO3 base produced 4 fractions which were separated by using preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) with n-hexane:EtOAc (8:2) as the eluent. Fraction with Rf = 0.80 was further separated by using preparative PTLC with n-hexane:EtOAc (99:1) as the eluent. Two fractions were obtained with Rf = 0.38 and 0.42. The first fraction has been characterized as diprenylated β-diketone with 49% yield. Application of protecting group on the phenolic OH group in β- diketone are needed to obtain monoprenylated β-diketone which can be further cyclized into 3-prenylflavone
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