Judul: Perubahan Sifat Fisik-Mekanik Tanah pada Perlakuan Bahan Organik dan Lintasan Traktor dengan lndikator Tanaman Kangkung Darat (Ipomea reptans poir)
Abstrak: Salah satu tujuan penggunaan alat dan mesin di dalam budidaya pertanian adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pertanian. Namun penggunaan mesin terutama traktor besar dapat menyebabkan pemadatan tanah akibat lalu-lintasnya. Pemadatan tanah akan merubah sifat fisik dan mekanik tanah yang mengakibatkan pemampatan volume padatan, cair dan gas sehingga berkurangnya ruang pori. Usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah pemadatan tanah dengan pemberian bahan organik dan atau pengolahan tanah.
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Judul: Pengaruh pemberian serutan kayu dan lintasan roda traktor terhadap pemadatan tanah
Abstrak: Pengolahan tanah adalah tindakan mekanis dalam menyiapkan tanah yang bertujuan untuk menciptakan keadaaan fisik tanah yang sesuai untuk pertumbuhan tanaman. Penggunaan alat-alat mekanik dalam rangka mempermudah pengolahan tanah, sangat membantu. Penggunaan peralatan ini, akan memperbaiki produktifitas yang tinggi terhadap tanaman pertanian, sebab sifat-sifat fisik dan dinamik tanah sesuai dengan pertumbuhan tanaman. Akan tetapi penggunaan alat mekanis sering memberi efek yang tidak diinginkan, apalagi pengolahan tanah yang dilakukan berulangkali. Pemadatan tanah merupakan salah satu masalah yang ditimbulkan dari pengolahan tanah. Pemadatan ini terjadi akibat pengaruh beban dari peralatan mekanis, kontak antara peralatan dengan tanah dan intensitas penggunaan peralatan olah yang berulangkali. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian serutan kayu terhadap perubahan kandungan bahan organik dalam tanah dan terjadinya pemadatan tanah akibat intensitas lintasan roda traktor. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Alat dan Mesin Budidaya Pertanian (lahan percobaan Leuwikopo) dan laboratorium Fisika dan Mekanika Tanah, Jurusan Teknik Pertanian, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Oktober sampai dengan bulan Desember 2000. Perlakuan penelitian yang dilakukan terdiri perlakuan pemberian serutan kayu (SK) yang terdiri dari pelakuan tanpa pemberian serutan kayu, perlakuan pemberian serutan kayu dosis 10 ton/ha dan perlakuan pemberian serutan kayu dosis 20 ton/ha, serta perlakuan lintasan (L) yang terdiri dari perlakuan tanpa lintasan, 1, 3, dan 5 kali lintasan.
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Judul: Seroprevalence of Chikungunya and The Risk of Transmission Transmitted Among Blood Donors In Sulawesi-Indonesia
Abstrak: Chikungunya (CHIK) is an arthritogenic alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of arboviruses with an enveloped RNA containing a positive single-stranded 11.8 kb genome. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which are commonly found in tropical and temperate regions. Primary vertebrate hosts include monkeys and humans, in whom this virus replicates efficiently (Diallo et al. 1999). Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known for causing acute illness, manifesting with fever, rash, and arthralgia known as Chikungunya fever (Horwood dan Buchy 2015). Despite the high number of Chikungunya cases in Indonesia, comprehensive data are lacking in CHIKV seroprevalence. Previous studies reported the median seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV antibodies in all situations 18.5%, ranging from 0.0 – 73.% (Harapan et al., 2019). However, the gap in epidemiological data of CHIKV in many regions of Indonesia including Sulawesi, is noteworthy. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection among healthy individuals from North and South Sulawesi using archive samples. Additionally, an asymptomatic course of CHIKV infection and the high pre-symptomatic viral load as 108pfu/mL (Appassakij et al. 2013) suggest that the infection can threaten blood transfusion safety. Evidence of CHIKV infection among blood donors (Simmons et al. 2016) indicates transfusion-transmitted is probable, although it has not been documented (Petersen dan Epstein 2014). Our study also aimed to test the archive blood donor specimens from North Sulawesi for CHIKV IgM and viremia to determine blood safety in endemic areas. Samples were screened for anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies to determine exposure to CHIKV using an in-house IgG ELISA as previously described (Kosasih et al. 2013) with minor modifications. CHIKV IgM, a marker for recent infection and endemicity, was tested in 303 samples randomly selected from IgG-positive samples using a Euroimmun anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA kit (Luebeck, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. CHIKV RNA detection was carried out using one-step-qRT-PCR. The data generated were analyzed with IBM-SPSS v20 (IBM Corporation, USA). Chi-square (χ2) test to determine significant differences between categorical variables, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As many as 1092 serum and plasma samples were analyzed, with CHIK IgG seropositivity at 53.48% (584/1092). The results also show a statistically significant difference in the seropositive rates based on gender (58.8% male and 48.5% female) and region (53.9% South Sulawesi versus 48.7% North Sulawesi). Seropositivity increased with age; approximately half of adults between their 40s and 60s had seroconverted. Most of the participants, 304 (27.8%), were between 21-30 years. The age groups with the least participants were those >60 years and <20 years, with 93 participants each (8.5%), followed by the 51–60-years age group with 142 (13.0%) participants. In addition to IgG, the overall anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity comprised 12.9% (39/303). A Chi-square analysis shows a statistical significance of anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity based on gender and region with p-values (p=0.047 and p=0.038, respectively). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in anti-CHIK IgM based on age. The age group with the most participants was the 21-30 years with 19.3% (16/83), while those with the least participants were those >60 years. The current study
Keyword: Chikungunya, Serosurvey, Sulawesi, Blood donors, ELISA, qRT-PCR.