Judul: Mempelajari pengaruh penambahan protamin sebagai antioksidan pada minyak ikan lemuru
Abstrak: Minyak ikan merupakan salah satu komoditi hasil perikanan yang mudah mengalami kerusakan, jika dibandingkan dengan bahan minyak atau lemak lainnya. Ini disebabkan karena kandungan asam lemaknya yang kaya dengan asam lemak berantai karbon panjang dan memiliki ikatan rangkap yang banyak (Poly Unsaturated Fatty Acids). Kerusakannya yang utama adalah timbulnya bau dan rasa tengik yang terutama disebabkan oleh adanya oksidasi oleh oksigen udara terhadap asam lemak tidak jenuh dalam asam lemaknya. Antioksidan merupakan zat aditif yang berfungsi menghambat dan mencegah kerusakan minyak, lemak dan bahan pangan berlemak akibat proses oksidasi. Penambahan antioksidan dalam lemak akan mengurangi kecepatan proses oksidasi. Beberapa bahan antioksidan sintetis seperti BНА (Butylated Hydroxy Anisole), BHT (Butylated Hydroxy Toluene) dan TBHQ (Tertiary Butyl Hydro Quinon) dapat menjadi komponen toksik atau karsinogenik di dalam tubuh manusia. Beberapa penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menggali potensi antioksidan dari sumber-sumber alami, seperti pada rempah-rempah, biji-bijian, kacang-kacangan, sayuran, buah-buahan, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari adanya pengaruh antioksidan dari protamin, suatu protein yang berasal dari telur ikan, yang tidak banyak dimanfaatkan dan bahkan cenderung hanya menjadi limbah. ...
Keyword: 

Judul: The Study of Adding Antioxidant During Oil Refining Process of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Flouring Industry By Product.
Abstrak: Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari penambahan antioksidan pada proses pemurnian minyak hasil samping penepungan ikan lele dumbo. Tujuan khususnya adalah 1) Mempelajari proses pemurnian minyak ikan lele, 2) Mempelajari pengaruh penambahan antioksidan terhadap sifat fisik (titik cair, viskositas, kejernihan, warna, dan aroma) dan sifat kimia (persentase asam lemak bebas, bilangan asam, bilangan peroksida, bilangan TBA, asam lemak, dan vitamin E) minyak ikan lele hasil pemurnian, 3) Mengkaji daya terima minyak ikan lele hasil pemurnian, 4) Mempelajari proses mikroenkapsulasi minyak ikan lele terbaik, 5) Menganalisis retensi asam lemak esensial setelah proses mikroenkapsulasi. Tahap penelitian meliputi penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rendemen minyak kasar serta karakterisasinya (sifat fisik dan kimia minyak ikan lele sebelum pemurnian). Berdasarkan penelitian pendahuluan dapat diketahui bahwa minyak ikan lele sebelum pemurnian memiliki sifat fisik sebagai berikut: titik cair sebesar 30.230C, viskositas 63.5 cP, kejernihan 211 NTU, berwarna kuning, aroma sangat amis. Selain itu, sifat kimianya adalah: asam lemak bebas 0.05%, bilangan asam 0.06 mgKOH/100 gram, bilangan peroksida 0.21 mgO2/100 gram, bilangan TBA 0.68 mg/kg, asam lemak palmitat (16:0) 16.4%, asam lemak oleat (18:1) 22.65%, asam lemak linoleat (18:2) 17.79%, asam lemak linolenat (18:3) 1.21%, EPA 0.57%, DHA 3.51%, vitamin E 9.15 IU.
Keyword: 

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: