Judul: Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions caused by Forest and Land Fires in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan
Abstrak: Kabupaten Pulang Pisau terletak di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah yang merupakan salah satu daerah yang sering mengalami kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Dampak yang diakibatkan kebakaran hutan dan lahan dapat mengganggu serta mempengaruhi keseimbangan iklim global. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hotspot yang terdeteksi dan melakukan pendugaan emisi gas karbondioksida pada tahun 2015 dan 2019 di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau. Data sebaran hotspot berupa hotspot MODIS dengan selang kepercayaan > 80%. Buffering dilakukan untuk melakukan pendugaan luas area terbakar yang kemudian hasil tersebut akan digunakan untuk pendugaan emisi karbondiokisda menggunakan rumus Seiler dan Crutzen. Sebaran hotspot paling banyak pada tanah gambut tahun 2019 sebanyak 225 dan tanah mineral pada tahun 2015 sebanyak 19. Luas area terbakar didominasi oleh tanah gambut tahun 2015 dengan luas area terbakar sebesar 8.178,11 ha. Emisi karbondioksida pada tahun 2015 dengan total 55.498,52 ton CO2, sedangkan pada tahun 2019 memiliki total emisi sebesar 36.922,48 ton CO2. Besarnya emisi karbondioksida dipengaruhi oleh kandungan biomassa dan luas area kebakaran hutan dan lahan., The province of Central Kalimantan, which Pulang Pisau Regency is located, is one that commonly suffers forest and land fires. The impacts of forest and land fires can disrupt and damage the equilibrium of the earth's climate. This study aimed to analyze the hotspots identified and calculate Pulang Pisau Regency's carbondioxide gas emissions during 2015 and 2019. MODIS hotspots that have hotspot distribution data and a confidence level of at least 80%. Buffering is used to calculate the burned area, which is then utilized with the Seiler and Crutzen methods to calculate carbondioxide emissions. In 2019 there were up to 225 peat soil hotspots, and in 2015 there were up to 19 mineral soil hotspots. With a burned area of 8,178.11 ha, peat soil predominated the region in 2015. In 2015, there were 55,498.52 tons CO2, in 2019 there were 36,922.48 tons CO2 emissions. The biomass content and the extent of forest and land fires have an impact on the amount of carbondioxide emissions.
Keyword: carbondioxide emission, hotspot, land and forest fire, Pulang Pisau

Judul: Pendugaan Emisi CO2 sebagai Gas Rumah Kaca Akibat Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan pada Berbagai Tipe Penutupan Lahan di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah Tahun 2000-2009
Abstrak: Forest fires became yearly severe problems in Indonesia. Central Kalimantan is one of Indonesia’s provinces that experienced severe forest fires in the last decade. Land conversion may be objected as one of trigger of forest fires that will produce carbon dioxide emissions. The purpose of this research is to calculate green house gas emission especially CO2 using hotspot data based on land use conversion at Central Kalimantan in the period 2000-2009. This research conducted between April and June 2012 at Forest Fires Laboratory, Silviculture Department, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The data used are MODIS hotspot data from Fire Information Resources Management System (FIRMS), precipitation data from Indonesian Meteorological, Climatological and Geophysical Agency (BMKG), and land cover map of Central Kalimantan from Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO). The research results showed that primary forest decreased by 10% in 2009 while palm oil plantation increased more than 190% in 2009 compared to 2005. The numbers of hotspots are increasing from 2000 to 2009. The highest number of hotspots occurred in 2006 as 22,505 hotspot. The number of hotspots occurred on peat land (7,180) is found more than on mineral land (6,391). The increasing burned area from 2000 to 2009 correlates with the increasing of hotspots number on each land covers. Swamp shrubs have the highest burnt area of 113,609 ha, while the highest carbon emission is found from the land cover conversion of swamp shrubs into palm oil plantations as 801,764 tons. The highest carbon dioxide emission on mineral land in Central Kalimantan is found from shrubs in 2005 (459,427 ton). The highest carbon dioxide emission on peat land is found at disturbed swamp forest in 2005 (80,851 ton) and undisturbed swamp forest in 2009 (180,531 ton).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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