Judul: Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Sengon (Falcataria falcata) Accessions Tolerant and Intolerant To Boktor Pepts
Abstrak: Sengon memiliki nilai lebih dari segi ekonomi maupun ekologi. Namun, sengon mudah terserang hama seperti larva boktor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pertumbuhan sengon di Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Kediri, menganalisis dan menguji hubungan marka SNPs dengan aksesi sengon toleran dan intoleran terhadap hama boktor. Sampel yang diuji berjumlah 40 aksesi, aksesi toleran (R28, R29, 230, R33, R47) dan intoleran (S13, S21, S22, S24, S25) dengan ulangan 4 aksesi tiap aksesi. Setiap sampel diuji menggunakan 4 primer SNPs dengan metode High-resolution Melting (HRM). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-whitney, uji khi-kuadrat, Manhattan plot, dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Nilai keparahan serangan pada aksesi toleran dan intoleran tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil analisis SNPs menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara primer yang digunakan dengan sifat toleran sengon. Hasil visualisasi menunjukkan 4 primer tersebut mampu memisahkan aksesi sengon toleran dan intoleran, sehingga marka SNPs ini dapat digunakan untuk seleksi pohon toleran terhadap hama boktor., Sengon has more value from an economic and ecological perspective. However, sengon is easily attacked by pests such as boktor larvae. The aim of this research was to evaluate the growth of sengon in Forest Management Unit (KPH) Kediri, analyze and test the relationship between SNPs markers and tolerant and intolerant sengon accessions to boktor pests. The samples tested consisted of 40 accessions, tolerant (R28, R29, 230, R33, R47) and intolerant (S13, S21, S22, S24, S25) with 4 replications for each accession. Each sample was tested using 4 SNPs primers using the High-resolution Melting (HRM) method. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test, Manhattan plot, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The attack severity values for tolerant and intolerant accessions were not significantly different. The results of the SNPs analysis showed there was a relationship between the primers used and the tolerant nature of sengon. The visualization results show that the 4 primers are able to separate tolerant and intolerant sengon accessions, so that these SNP markers can be used to select trees tolerant to boktor pests.
Keyword: mutasi, primer, toleransi, sengon, Xystrocera festiva

Judul: Analisis Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Aksesi Sengon (Falcataria moluccana) Resistan dan Rentan Terhadap Penyakit Karat Puru
Abstrak: Sengon banyak ditanam dan dimanfaatkan karena memiliki banyak keunggulan, yaitu bernilai ekonomi tinggi, cepat panen, mudah tumbuh dan dipelihara. Namun, sengon yang ditanam monokultur rentan terkena penyakit karat puru yang disebabkan oleh jamur Uromycladium falcatariae. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pertumbuhan uji keturunan sengon di Kediri serta aplikasi markah SNPs pada aksesi progeni sengon yang resistan dan rentan terhadap karat puru. Informasi ini diperlukan sebagai dasar pemuliaan pohon sengon yang resistan. Sampel yang diuji berjumlah total 40 progeni dari masing-masing famili resistan (R02, R08, R09, R12, dan R13) serta rentan (S26, S27, S28, S29, dan S30) dengan ulangan 4 progeni tiap famili. Setiap sampel diuji menggunakan 6 primer SNPs dengan metode High-resolution Melting (HRM) dan data dianalisis menggunakan Khi-Kuadrat dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Nilai intensitas dan keparahan serangan pada famili resistan dan rentan tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil analisis SNPs menunjukkan bahwa gen berasosiasi dengan sifat resistansi sengon. Analisis PCA menunjukkan 6 primer mampu memisahkan aksesi resistan dan rentan, sehingga markah SNP dapat digunakan untuk seleksi pohon resistan karat puru.
Keyword: gen, high resolution melting, mutasi, Uromycladium falcatariae

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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