Judul: The principles of animal welfare on the use of Southern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) at Macaca nemestrina Training Place, Pariaman Town
Abstrak: Beruk merupakan jenis monyet yang mempunyai ekor pendek seperti ekor babi, sehingga sering disebut pigtail monkey. Beruk termasuk ke dalam kategori Endangered oleh International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Salah satu pemanfaatan beruk dilakukan di tempat pelatihan beruk, Kota Pariaman. Beruk dilatih untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi rekan kerja di perkebunan kelapa. Pemanfaatan beruk sebaiknya tetap mengacu pada prinsip kesejahteraan hewan dimana satwa liar harus dipelihara pada lingkungan yang dapat memberikan pilihan bagi satwa untuk dapat berperilaku seperti di habitanya. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan mengetahui prinsip-prinsip kesejahteraan hewan dan dampaknya terhadap pemanfaatan beruk di tempat pelatihan beruk. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dan dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian lainnya secara naratif deskriptif. Prinsip lima kebebasan menjadi parameter kesejahteraan beruk yaitu bebas dari rasa lapar dan haus, bebas dari rasa tidak nyaman, bebas dari rasa sakit, luka dan penyakit, bebas dari rasa takut dan stress, dan bebas untuk mengekspresikan tingkah laku alamiah. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pemenuhan prinsip kesejahteraan hewan pada pemanfaatan beruk di tempat pelatihan beruk masih belum memadai. Kesejahteraan hewan yang buruk dapat berdampak pada kesehatan dan pemeliharaan hewan tersebut, Macaca nemestrina (beruk) is a type of monkey that has a short tail like a pig-tailed. Therefore, it is often called by pigtail monkey. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) listed Southern pigtailed macaques into endangered category. One of the uses of Southern pig-tailed macaque was carried out at Beruk training place, Pariaman City. Southern pigtailed macaques were trained to be used as working partners in the coconut plantations. The use of Southern pig-tailed macaques should be appropriate where the wild animals must be kept in an environment that could provide choices for animals to behave the same as in their own habitat. This study aims to determine the principles of animal welfare and the use of Southern pig-tailed macaques at Beruk training place. The collected data will be analyzed and compared to the result of other studies by a descriptive narrative. The five freedoms of animal welfare will be a parameter of Southern pig-tailed macaques’ welfare, namely freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury and disease, freedom from fear and distress, and freedom to express normal behavior. The results of analysis showed that the principles of animal welfares in the use of macaques at beruk training place is not fulfilled. The lack of animal welfare could affect to the animals health and well being
Keyword: animal welfare, Macaca nemestrina, beruk training place

Judul: Perbandingan Preferensi Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) Usia Muda terhadap Perangkat Pengayaan Lingkungan di Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB
Abstrak: Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) adalah satwa primata endemis Indonesia dan digunakan sebagai salah satu hewan model dalam penelitian. Pemanfaatan beruk dalam dunia biomedis harus mengacu pada prinsip kesejahteraan hewan. Pemeliharaan beruk pada penangkaran ex situ atau fasilitas buatan berpotensi memengaruhi perilakunya menjadi abnormal, sehingga pengayaan lingkungan penting untuk mempertahankan perilaku alaminya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respon beruk terhadap pemberian objek baru yang dapat dijadikan sarana pengayaan lingkungan yang memperkaya aktivitas satwa sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan tujuh ekor beruk berkoloni usia 1 – 2 tahun. Pengamatan perilaku dilakukan saat pemberian perangkat pengayaan lingkungan berupa puzzle ball dan rumput sintetis sebagai sarana pemberian sayuran. Perilaku yang diamati adalah eating, exploring, foraging, socializing, aggressiveness, fighting, playing, dan inactive. Berdasarkan studi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengamatan perilaku Macaca nemestrina di Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB yang diberikan perangkat pengayaan lingkungan berupa puzzle ball dan rumput sintetis menunjukkan perilaku yang didominasi perilaku eating, exploring, dan foraging. Pemberian perangkat pengayaan akan mendorong sifat alamiahnya pada beruk, khususnya perilaku foraging dan exploring. Sementara, perilaku yang teramati tanpa pemberian perangkat pengayaan didominasi perilaku inactive dan playing., Pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) is an endemic primate of Indonesia and is used as one of the model animals in research. The use of macaques in the biomedical world must refer to the principles of animal welfare. The maintenance of macaques in ex situ captivity or artificial facilities has the potential to influence their behavior to become abnormal, so environmental enrichment is important to maintain their natural behavior. The purpose of this research is to determine the ape's response to giving new objects that can be used as a means of enriching the environment that enriches the daily activities of animals. This study used seven macaques in colonies aged 1 – 2 years. Behavioral observations were made when giving environmental enrichment in the form of puzzle balls and synthetic grass as a means of giving vegetables. The observed behaviors were eating, exploring, foraging, socializing, aggressiveness, fighting, playing and silent. Based on this study, it can be concluded that observations of the behavior of Macaca nemestrina at the Primate Research Center of IPB University, which were given environmental enrichment, showed behavior that was dominated by eating, exploring, and foraging behavior. The provision of enrichment will encourage their natural properties in macaques, especially foraging and exploring behavior. Meanwhile, the observed behavior without the provision of enrichment was dominated by silent and playing behavior.
Keyword: perilaku, kesejahteraan hewan, foraging, exploring

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition