Judul: Potensi Trichoderma harzianum dan Mikoriza untuk Pengendalian Penyakit Jamur Akar Putih (Rigidoporus lignosus (Kloztch) Imazeki) pada Karet.
Abstrak: Indonesia is the largest producer of rubber after Thailand. The development of the rubber industry is still on going. However, the presence of rubber diseases become a problem in the rubber industry development. White root fungus disease caused by the fungus Rigidoporus lignosus is a major disease in rubber plantations. The experiment aims to determine the potential of the fungus Trichoderma harzianum and mycorrhizae fungi for controlling white root disease on rubber seedlings in the greenhouse. The experiment has been done in complete randomizeddesign, 8 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were, applications of T. harzianum, mycorrhizae, and their combinations, with and without R. lignosus. The result have shown that T. harzianum, mycorrhizae, and their combinations have supressed JAP diseases incidence and severity. At the time of seedlings, the treatment of T. harzianum singly has found as the most effective and efficient in supressing diseases severity and in increasing plant vegetative growth.
Keyword: mycorrhiza, Rigidoporus lignosus, rubber, Trichoderma harzianum

Judul: Eksplorasi dan Identifikasi Cendawan Antagonis terhadap Rigidoporus lignosus Penyebab Jamur Akar Putih pada Karet
Abstrak: Industri karet berperan dalam peningkatan pendapatan petani, masyarakat, dan negara, juga dalam pembuatan produk, serta peranan terhadap pelestarian lingkungan. Salah satu hambatan dalam pengembangan budidaya karet adalah adanya penyakit jamur akar putih yang disebabkan oleh Rigidoporus lignosus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi dan mengidentifikasi cendawan antagonis terhadap R. lignosus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengambil contoh tanah dari tanaman karet dan kelapa sawit untuk dibuat suspensi. Suspensi dibuat seri pengenceran hingga tingkat pengenceran 10-5, masing-masing seri pengenceran tersebut diambil sebanyak 1 ml suspensi dan dibiakkan pada media potato dextrose agar (PDA). Uji antagonisme in vitro antara agens antagonis dengan R. lignosus dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode dual culture. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengukur jari-jari koloni patogen yang menjauhi isolat cendawan kandidat dan jari-jari koloni patogen yang mendekati isolat cendawan kandidat, serta menghitung penghambatan kandidat agens antagonis. Identifikasi menggunakan compound microscope. Dari hasil isolasi cendawan rhizosfer diperoleh 26 isolat kandidat antagonis, 10 isolat diantaranya memiliki kemampuan antagonisme terhadap patogen R. lignosus. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan sebanyak tiga isolat adalah Trichoderma harzianum, enam isolat adalah Gliocladium virens, dan satu isolat adalah Penicillium resticulosum. Mekanisme antagonis yang dilakukan oleh T. harzianum dan G. virens adalah hiperparasit, antibiosis, lisis, dan kompetisi ruang. Sedangkan untuk P. resticulosum adalah kompetisi ruang.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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