Judul: Penentuan Estrus Melalui Gambaran Sitologi Ulas Vagina dan Hubungannya dengan Gejala Klinis Estrus pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah
Abstrak: The aims of this study was to determine estrous time of Etawah cross breed (ECB) goats through vaginal cytology profile and its correlation with clinical signs of estrous following prostaglandin administration and during the natural estrous cycle. Fifteen does were each administered with 7.5 mg prostaglandin to get a synchronized estrous response and onset of estrous. The does showing estrous response were also observed during the next estrous cycle (natural estrous cycle). Vaginal cytology profile and the correlation with clinical signs of estrous were observed when standing heat sign were visible. The result showed that the average estrous cycle was 19.7 days (18-23 days) with the duration of estrus period was 54 hours (24-72 hours). The response of estrous after prostaglandin administration was 60% of ECB with the onset of estrus was 78.6 hours (72-84 hours) and the duration of estrus was 44 hours (12-60 hours). Clinical signs of estrous were standing when ridden and vulva sign (swollen and redden vulva, vaginal discharge) generally showed moderate intensity (++). The presence of large number of superficial cells (45-53%) and small number of parabasal cells (5-8%) could be used to determine of estrous, however, it couldn’t be used alone to determine of optimal mating time. Determination of optimal mating time should be based on a combination observation of standing heat sign, clinical signs of estrus, and vaginal cytologic profile.
Keyword: Prostaglandin, Etawah cross breed, Vaginal cytology, Estrous signs, Estrous cycle

Judul: Perbandingan Kualitas Hasil Sinkronisasi Estrus Menggunakan Prostaglandin dengan Penyuntikan Intramuskular dan Intravulva pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah
Abstrak: Study of Comparation Quality of Estrous Syncronization was done on 20 female peranakan etawah goats. This study was conducted to find out comparation of respons estrous, onset of estrous, and duration of estrous after two different methods. Animals were divided into two groups namely 10 goats were synchronized using double dose injection of PGF2α with 11 days appart. The first group was injected by intravulva’s method and the second group by intramuscular’s method. The estrous characteristic were observed for 5 days after second injection by introduced male goat in to the female. The estrous observation was done for 3 times a day at 09.00-10.00; 12.00-13.00 and 16.00-17.00. Respon of estrous in the intravulva’s method group was higher than intramuscular’s method (50% vs. 30%). Onset of estrous in the intravulva’s method group was faster than intramuscular’s method (42.91±25.27 hours vs. 56.48±29.81 hours). Duration of estrous in the intravulva’s method group was longer than intramuscular’s method (55.33±28.47 hours vs. 28.41±3.71 hours). It can be concluded that quality of estrous by intravulva’s method was better than intramuscular’s method.
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Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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