Judul: Pengaruh anestesi xylazin-ketamin jangka panjang terhadap suhu tubuh dan elektrokardiogram kelinci
Abstrak: Kombinasi xylazin-ketamin merupakan anestetikum yang sering digunakan dalam medis kedokteran hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek anestesi xylazin-ketamin jangka panjang terhadap suhu tubuh dan aktivitas listrik jantung kelinci. Anestesi diberikan secara intramuskular sebagai induksi dan secara intravena sebagai maintenance dengan menggunakan metode drip. Suhu tubuh dan profil listrik jantung direkam pada saat induksi dan maintenance (4 jam) dengan menggunakan termometer dan elektrokardiografi (EKG). Parameter EKG yang dibaca antara lain denyut jantung dan gelombang EKG pada Lead II yang meliputi ukuran R-R interval, gelombang P, P-R interval, kompleks QRS, Q-T interval, dan gelombang T. Durasi anestesi berpengaruh secara nyata (P<0.05) terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh, denyut jantung, pemanjangan R-R interval, pemanjangan durasi gelombang P, pemanjangan P-R interval, dan pemanjangan Q-T interval. Durasi anestesi tidak berpengaruh secara nyata (P>0.05) terhadap peninggian amplitudo gelombang P, perubahan durasi dan amplitudo kompleks QRS, serta perubahan amplitudo gelombang T. Anestesi xylazin-ketamin jangka panjang menyebabkan terjadinya hipotermia, bradikardia, pembesaran atrium, first degree AV block, pembesaran ventrikel, dan penghambatan potensial aksi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan anestesi xylazin-ketamin menyebabkan penurunan suhu tubuh dan perubahan aktivitas listrik jantung.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Electrocardiography, Heart, Long-term, Rabbit, Xylazine-ketamine

Judul: Gambaran Fungsi Jantung Kelinci Domestik pada Pembiusan Jangka Panjang Xylazin-Ketamin dengan Pencitraan Ekhokardiografi
Abstrak: Combination of xylazine-ketamine are commonly used anesthesia in veterinary medicine either in the minor or mayor surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term anesthesia xylazine-ketamine combination on heart dynamics or performace of domestic rabbit’s assessed using Motion-mode echocardiography imaging. Xylazine-ketamine was administered to the male adult rabbit intra muscular for induction and through intra vena drip method for 7 hours maintenance. Evaluation of heart performance was assessed by Motion-mode echocardiography imaging. The results showed that administration of long-term anesthesia causes effect on the rabbit heart such as decrease of LVW (left ventricular wall), HR (heart rate), SV (stroke volume), CO (cardiac output), FS (fractional shortening), and EF (ejection fraction) value and increase of LVID (left ventricular internal dimention), EDV (end diastolic volume) dan ESV (end systolic volume) value. These results clearly showed the decrease of cardiac performance due to administration of long-term anesthesia that will inhibit the release of norepinephrine through the pressure of the sympathetic nervous system. The conclusion of this study is the long-term anesthesia xylazine-ketamine will result in a decrease of cardiac performance.
Keyword: xylazine-ketamine., long-term, heart, echocardiography, esthetica

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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