Judul: Mechanism of antitumor activity of green gel leaf (premna oblongifolia merr.) Powder on breast tumor cells transplanted c3h mice
Abstrak: This research aims to study the effects of antitumor activity of green gel leaf (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) powder on breast tumor cells transplanted C3H mice. Chemical analysis of the powder and histopathological analysis of the breast tumor tissue of C3H mice were performed. The chemical analysis consist of phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity by free radical scavenger DPPH method. The positive phytochemical compound detection on the powder consists of alkaloids, saponins, phenol hydroquinones, molisch, benedict and tanins. The antioxidant activity by free radical scavenger DPPH method showed that the IC50 Keywords:C3H mice, green gelatin leaves powder dose, HE, CD31, caspase-3 of the powder methanolic extract was 16,90 ppm on the highest inhibition percentage (90,52%) on the 200 ppm concentration of the powder methanolic extract. The histopathological methods consist of haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The result showed that the best dose of the powder on the feed was the 2,64%. It was supported by the HE and IHC scores. The HE staining showed that the tumor tissues of the mice groups with 2,64% powder on the feed has the least average differentiation scores. It means that the tumor tissues has least change morphologically by the cell mutation that potentially make it became cancer. The scores were 3,00+0,00 for the lowest tumor weight and volume and 4,00+0,00 for the highest one. The IHC staining showed the tumor tissues has equal average scores for the vascularization (CD31) and apoptotic (caspase-3) scores. The CD31 IHC scores was 3,83+0,98 for non-localized brown color of DAB on the lowest tumor weight and volume. The CD31 IHC scores was 4,17+0,75 for non-localized brown color of DAB on the highest one. The caspase-3 IHC scores were 0,44+0,73 for localized and 3,33+1,58 for non-localized brown color of DAB on the lowest tumor weight and volume. The kaspase-3 IHC scores were 0,38+0,74 for localized and 3,38+0,92 for non-localized brown color of DAB on the highest one. These mean that the dose may decrease relatively the breast tumor weight and volume of the C3H mice.
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Judul: Pengaruh Bubuk Daun Cincau Hijau (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Serta Ekspresi Protein Proapotosis dan Antiapoptosis pada Adenocarsinoma Mammae Mencit C3H.
Abstrak: Cancer is very closely associated with food consumption. Natural foods such as fruits and vegetables have been proven to have many benefit effects to body health. Bioactive compound from plants have antitumor activity. Green leaf of P.oblongifolia Merr. had been proven to have activity on tumor growth resistance in C3H mice. The purposes of this study were to know the influence of green P.oblongifolia Merr. leaf powder as anti cancer activity on C3H mice by analyzing tumor tissue histopatology, expression of JNK 1/2 and caspase-7 as proapoptosis protein and expression of ERK 1/2 and COX-2 as antiapoptosis protein. C3H mice (n=25) were devided into 5 groups. The first is a standard negatif group (A) and the second group was a positif control group (B), both were treated with standard diet containing 0% green leaf powder. Group C, D and E were given standart diet containing green leaf powder 0,88%, 1,76%, and 2,64%. The diets were given for 30 days. At 31st day the mice in groups B,C, D and E were transplanted with MMTV cancer cells. The diet was continued to 52nd day and at 53rd day all mice were terminated to obtain the cancer tissue. Parameters observed covering consumption of diet, body weight, tumor growth latent period, volume and weight of cancer tissue. Histopatology analysis was comprised of hematoxilin eosin (HE) and imunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The IHC were done using four antibodies which are anti-phospho-JNK 1/2, anti-COX-2, anticaspase-7, and anti-phospho-ERK 1/2. Delta of mice body weight before and after transplantation was not significantly different (p>0,05). Cancer latency period was not significanly different (p>0,05). Cancer volume increased significantly in positif control group (p<0,05). Cancer tissue weight of groups D and E were significantly lower compared to the other groups (p<0,05). The results showed that the mice that given green leaf powder (P. oblongifolia Merr.) exhibited less development of cancer growth mainly in groups D and E, which was supported by HE score. The HE staining showed that the cancer tissues of groups D and E have the least average differentiation and mitotic scores. In this study IHC staining for proapoptotic markers as JNK 1/2 and caspase-7 and for antiapoptotic markers as ERK 1/2 and COX-2 have not yet indicated positive expression.
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Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
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