Judul: Growth of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus in the rearing phase after feeding with added alanyl-glutamine in the hatchery phase
Abstrak: Ikan nila (Oreochomis niloticus) adalah komoditas ikan air tawar yang umum dibudidaya di Indonesia. Performa benih dapat ditingkatkan melalui penambahan alanil-glutamin (Aln-Gln) pada pakan untuk memperbaiki struktur usus, sehingga ikan tumbuh lebih cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan morfologi usus ikan pada fase pembesaran dengan menggunakan benih yang sebelumnya diberi perlakuan Aln-Gln 2%. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua perlakuan dan empat ulangan melalui dua tahap. Pra-penelitian adalah tahap pemberian Aln-Gln pada fase pembenihan yang terdiri dari Aln-Gln 0% dan Aln-Gln 2%. Penelitian adalah tahap pembesaran ikan hasil tahap pra-penelitian, masing-masing perlakuan diberikan pakan yang sama dengan kandungan protein sebesar 30,2% tanpa Aln-Gln. Benih yang digunakan adalah hasil dari pemeliharaan pra-penelitian dengan penebaran pada setiap akuarium sebanyak 15 ekor. Pengukuran kualitas air meliputi suhu dan oksigen terlarut diukur pagi dan sore. Pemberian Aln-Gln 2% pada fase pembenihan menunjukkan hasil kinerja pertumbuhan dan struktur usus ikan pada fase pembesaran yang lebih baik daripada tanpa pemberian Aln-Gln., Tilapia (Oreochomis niloticus) is a freshwater fish commodity that commonly cultivated in Indonesia. Fry performance can be improved adding alanyl-glutamine (Aln-Gln) to feed to improve gut structure, so fish grow faster. This study aims to compare the growth performance and gut morphology of fish in grow-out phase using seeds previously treated with 2% Aln-Gln. This study consisted two treatments and four replications through two stages. The pre-study was the stage of giving Aln-Gln in the seeding phase which consisted of 0% Aln-Gln and 2% Aln-Gln. The research was fish enlargement stage resulting from the pre-research stage, each treatment was given the same feed with a protein content of 30.2% without Aln-Gln. The seeds used the result of pre-research maintenance by stocking 15 fish in each aquarium. Water quality measurements include temperature and dissolved oxygen measured in the morning and evening. Administration of 2% Aln-Gln in the hatchery phase showed better growth performance and gut structure of fish in the rearing phase than without Aln-Gln administration.
Keyword: alanyl-glutamine, oreochromis niloticus, growth, intestine

Judul: The Evaluation of Dietary Glutamine Supplementations on The Growth Performance, Intestinal Structure, and Intestinal Function of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Larvae
Abstrak: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of free glutamine (Gln) and alanyl-glutamine (Aln-Gln) dietary supplementation on the intestinal structure and growth performance of red Nile tilapia larvae. The 7 days old of tilapia fish larvae were fed with different Gln and Aln-Gln supplementation doses, namely, 0% (without Gln or Aln-Gln supplementation), 0.7% Gln 1.4% Gln, 2.1% Gln, 1% Aln-Gln, 2% Aln-Gln, and 3% Aln-Gln. Diets were fed for 40 days until apparent satiation. The results showed that the 2% and 3% Aln-Gln supplementation obtained larger intestine diameter, villi height, and villi surface area than the 0% supplementation. These diets also increased the protease enzyme, followed by the protein retention, weight, length, survival rate, liver glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase enzyme. This study concludes that 2% Aln-Gln dietary supplementation is more effective to improve the intestine structure and function along with growth performance of red Nile tilapia larvae.
Keyword: alanyl-glutamine, glutamine, growth, intestine, red nile tilapia

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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