Judul: Manajemen Kredit Pengadaan Pangan Oleh Koperasi Unit Desa : Studi Kasus Pada KUD Karya Bhakti, Sri Madu Dan Bumi Karya Kabupaten DT II Cirebon Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Kegiatan Pengadaan Pangan oleh KUD, di satu pihak me rupakan program pemerintah untuk mencapai swasembada pangan dan di lain pihak untuk meningkatkan fungsionalisasi KUD dalam mengatasi permasalahan pasca panen. Untuk menunjang kegiatan tersebut pemerintah menyalurkan kredit pengadaan pangan kepada KUD melalui BRI, yang bertujuan untuk (a) Menyediakan dana bagi KUD dalam rangka pembe- lian gabah atau beras dari petani dan selanjutnya dijual ke Dolog dan sub Dolog, (b) Membeli gabah atau beras kepada petani produsen berdasarkan harga dasar yang ditetapkan pemerintah, (c) Menyediakan cadangan pangan nasional, (d) Stabilisasi harga dalam negeri, dan (e) Mengurangi impor beras. Keberhasilan KUD dalam mengelola kredit pengadaan pangan tersebut sangat ditentukan oleh sistem manajemen KUD, khususnya kemampuan dan kapasitas manajer KUD. Tetapi sampai saat ini, KUD masih sulit mendapatkan manajer yang trampil dan berdedikasi. Kegiatan pengadaan pangan di Kabupaten Cirebon dilakukan oleh KUD, non KUD dan Satuan Tugas. Sebagian besar pengadaan di Kabupaten Cirebon terpenuhi karena ak- tivitas KUD. Di satu pihak dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara kuantitatif aktivitas KUD dikategorikan baik. Tetapi di lain pihak bila ditinjau secara kualitatif, kemampuan KUD untuk memenuhi stok pangan belum mencapai sasaran yang di- harapkan, karena kegiatan pengadaan pangan tidak dilakukan sepenuhnya oleh KUD, melainkan oleh lembaga swasta lain dengan cara nota timbang...
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Judul: Pengelolaan Kredit Program Tebu Rakyat Intensifikasi oleh Koperasi Unit Desa Studi Kasus di KUD GAndasari dan KUD Bumi Karya Kabupaten Cirebon, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Masalah yang paling menonjol dalam pengembangan suatu KUD adalah di bidang pengelolaan. Masalah tersebut antara lain peran serta anggota terhadap KUD yang relatif masih rendah, hubungan antara pengurus dan manajer yang relatif kurang serasi, modal sendiri KUD yang relatif masih kecil dan pengetahuan serta ketrampilan pengurus dalam mengelola KUD yang relatif masih kurang. Untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan manajemen suatu KUD, dapat digunakan analisis S.W.O.T, yaitu identifikasi, analisis dan perumusan terhadap kekuatan, kelemahan, kesempatan dan hamoatan yang dihadapi dalam mencapai suatu tujuan atau sasaran. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut dapat disusun perencanaan strategik untuk kegiatan usaha KUD selanjutnya.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua