Judul: Analisis kemiskinan di tingkat rumah tangga di kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Kemiskinan merupakan suatu permasalahan yang dihadapi oleh negaranegara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Kemiskinan menyangkut suatu kondisi kekurangan dari sebuah tuntutan kehidupan yang paling minimum, khususnya dari aspek konsumsi, pendapatan, dan kebutuhan sosial. Jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia berfluktuasi dari tahun ke tahun. Fluktuasi tersebut juga terjadi di Jawa Barat. Jumlah penduduk miskin di Jawa Barat relatif menurun dari tahun 2003 hingga 2004, kemudian meningkat kembali hingga tahun 2006. Sementara itu, berdasarkan data Susenas 2005-2006, jumlah penduduk miskin di Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2005 sebesar 0,48 juta jiwa dan meningkat menjadi 0,54 juta jiwa pada tahun 2006. Jumlah tersebut merupakan yang paling besar di antara kabupaten lain di Jawa Barat.
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Judul: Household Poverty in Urban Area (Study in Taru Urban Village, North Bogor Subdistrict, Bogor City, West Java)
Abstrak: Kemiskinan masih menjadi masalah serius yang belum terselesaikan. Dua hal yang mendorong perhatian peneliti untuk menyelidiki kondisi dan faktor kemiskinan di perkotaan adalah adanya peningkatan angka kemiskinan di perkotaan dan peraturan percepatan pengentasan kemiskinan ekstrem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi kondisi dan faktor kemiskinan serta menganalisis hubungan antara faktor kemiskinan yang terdiri dari struktur rumah tangga, kerawanan bencana alam lokasi tempat tinggal, dan tingkat pemanfaatan pekarangan oleh rumah tangga dengan tingkat kemiskinan. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif melalui metode sensus. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga miskin (61 rumah tangga) yang diakui masyarakat secara emik. Penelitian ini menemukan dua temuan utama, yaitu: (1) sepertiga dari populasi merupakan rumah tangga miskin ekstrem, dan (2) faktor yang berkorelasi signifikan dengan tingkat kemiskinan adalah rasio beban tanggungan rumah tangga., Poverty is still a serious problem that has not been resolved. Two things that encourage researchers to investigate the conditions and factors of poverty in urban areas are the increase in poverty rates in urban areas and regulations to accelerate the eradication of extreme poverty. The purpose of this study is to identify the conditions and factors of poverty and analyze the relationship between poverty factors consisting of household structure, natural disaster vulnerability of residential location, and the level of yard utilization by households with poverty levels. The research approach used is quantitative approach supported by qualitative data through the census method. The population of this study was all poor households (61 households) recognized by the community emically. This research found two main findings, namely: (1) one-third of the population are extreme poor households, and (2) the factor that is significantly correlated with poverty level is the household dependency ratio.
Keyword: Poverty factors, Poverty levels, Urban households

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell