Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Border area of Bengkayang Regency is a great potency for agropolitan development region in terms of rural-urban developmental equity in the border area. The purposes of this research were (1) to identify the potency, development level, and sustainability of the border areas at Bengkayang Regency; (2) to develop a model of sustainable agropolitan region; and (3) to formulate policy direction and strategy of agropolitan development. Types of data analysis applied in this study incuding Analysis of Area Tipology, Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Cluster Analysis, Spatial Analysis, Analisis of Land Suitability, Analysis of Agricultural Business, Scalogram Analysis, Centralistic Analisis, Analitical Hierarkhy Process (AHP), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), Prospective Analysis, and dynamic system analysis. Research findings showed that the border areas at Bengkayang Regency were the basis for agricultural commodities, namely corn, rainfed paddy field, oil palm, rubber, beef cattle, goat, and chicken. The actual land suitability belonged to S2 and S3 class having constraint factors of water availability, nutrient retention, and erosion threat. The border areas of Bengkayang Regency was in the stratum of Pre-Agropolitan Region II, consisting of two more advance developed village, 11 moderate village, and 16 less developed village (relatively left behind). The alternative model for agropolitan region was an integration of plantation, crop plant, and animal husbandry agropolitan region. Dimension of ecology status were low sustainable; economy, social, culture, law, and institution dimension were moderate sustainable; while infrastructure was unsustainable. Among the 47 attributes analyzed, 22 were sensitive to have an effect on the value of regional sustainability index. To increase the sustainability status in the future, a scenario that could be chosen was an up grading to all sensitive attributes. It was found out through a dynamic system analysis that up to the year of 2035 population tended to grow positively and exponentially. It was also similar to land use needed, agropolitan production, and farming profit, although at one moment it would move to an equilibrium point (stable equilibrium) because of the “Limit to Growth” process. It means, the model developed follows the basic pattern (archetype) of “Limit to Growth.” The direction of regional development policy of the border areas of Bengkayang Regency was a development of agropolitan region. To improve the model performance, optimistic scenario is required to be taken through bigger intervention to the influenced key variables in the model
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Paradigma masa lalu yang menempatkan wilayah perbatasan sebagai halaman belakang (hinterland) dalam pembangunana membawa impikasi terhadap kondisi Kabupaten BEngkayang saat ini yang terisolir dan tertinggal. Hal ini terutama dilihat dari sisi sosial ekonomi karena kurang tersentuh pembangunan dan lebih mengutamakan pembangunan wilayah perkotaan untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakat., Wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Bengkayang memiliki potensi yang besar untuk dijadikan sebagai kawasan pengembangan agropolitan dalam rangka pembangunan desa-kota berimbang di wilayah perbatasan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk (1) mengidentifikasi potensi, tingkat perkembangan, dan keberlanjutan wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Bengkayang; (2) membangun model pengembangan kawasan agropolitan secara berkelanjutan; dan (3) merumuskan arahan kebijakan dan strategi pengembangan kawasan agropolitan. Metode analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis tipologi wilayah, Principle Component Analysis (PCA), Cluste Analysis, Analisis spasial, analisis kesesuaian lahan, analisis usahatani, analisis skalogram, analisis sentralitas, Analitical hierarkhy Process (AHP), Interpretatif Structural Modeling (ISM), Multidimensional Scaling (MDS), analisis prospektif, dan analisis sistem dinamik. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Bengkayang merupakan basis beberapa komoditas pertanian dengan komoditas unggulan jagung, padi ladang, kelapa sawit, karet, lada, sapi potong, kambing, dan ayam. Kesesuaian lahan aktual termasuk kelas S2 dan S3 dengan faktor pembatas ketersediaan air, retensi hara, dan bahaya erosi. Wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Bengkayang termasuk kategori strata Pra Kawasan Agropolitan II dengan 2 desa termasuk dalam tingkat perkembangan maju, 11 desa dengan tingkat perkembangan sedang, dan 16 desa dengan tingkat perkembangan rendah (relatif tertinggal). Alternatif pengembangan kawasan agropolitan yang dapat dikembangkan adalah agropolitan terpadu perkebunan, tanaman pangan, dan peternakan. Status keberlanjutan dimensi ekologi termasuk dalam status kurang berkelanjutan; dimensi ekonomi, sosial dan budaya, dan hukum dan kelembagaan cukup berkelanjutan; sedangkan dimensi infrastruktur tidak berkelanjutan. Dari 47 atribut yang dianalisis, 22 atribut yang sensitif berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan nilai indeks keberlanjutan wilayah.. Hasil analisis sistem dinamik, menunjukkan pertumbuhan penduduk memperlihatkan kecenderungan pertumbuhan positif (positive growth) naik mengikuti kurva eksponensial sampai pada tahun 2035. Demikian pula dengan kebutuhan penggunaan lahan, produksi agropolitan, dan keuntungan usahatani, namun pada suatu saat akan menuju titik keseimbangan tertentu (stable equilibrium) karena proses Limit to Growth. Ini berarti, model yang dibangun mengikuti pola dasar (archetype) “Limit to Success”. Arah kebijakan pengembangan wilayah perbatasan Kabupaten Bengkayang adalah pengembangan kawasan agropolitan terpadu yaitu perkebunan-tanaman pangan-peternakan. Untuk meningkatkan perubahan kinerja model maka skenario yang perlu dilakukan adalah skenario optimis yaitu dengan melakukan intervensi yang lebih besar terhadap variabel kunci yang berpengaruh dalam model.
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Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition