Judul: Biodiversity of Superfamily Papilionoidea Butterflies (Lepidoptera) at Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park, Maros Regency, South Sulawesi
Abstrak: Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park is one of national parks in Indonesia which has high diversity of butterflies. Increasing number of tourists and local butterfly collectors have caused changes of the butterfly habitat and may decrease butterfly population in the park. Aim of the research was to study the diversity of the papilionoid butterflies in Bantimurung-Bulusaraung National Park based on different habitats. The observations were done by scan sampling method in the morning and afternoon at three locations i.e., Pattunuang Nature Reserve, Leang-leang Nature Reserve, and Bantimurung National Park. Results showed that 144 spesies and 6.802 individual of butterflies were found at the areas within 7 weeks of observation. At Leang-leang Nature Reserve, Pattunuang Nature Reserve and Bantimurung National Park were found 113 spesies (2.024 individu), 101 spesies (1.828 individu) and 98 spesies (2.950 individu) of butterflies, respectively. The diversity of butterflies was higher in the national parks (H’ > 3). Pattunuang Nature Reserve has higher value (H’ = 4,06) than Bantimurung National Park (H’ = 3,97) and Leang-leang Nature Reserve (H’ = 3,87). Sorensen similarity index (CN) showed that three research locations were different community structures because there were several different dominant species at each location. Statistically, wind speed gave more significant effect on the number of individuals butterfly than other climate parameters.
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Judul: Community of Superfamily Papilionoidea Butterflies at Nature Educational Conservation Centre Bodogol, Sukabumi, West Java
Abstrak: Changes of habitats which functioned as butterfly habitat have implicated to butterfly abundance. Aim of this research was to study Papilionoidea butterfly diversity based on habitat types i.e heterogenous, coniferous forest, and agricultural land. Observations of butterflies were conducted from July to December 2010 by scan sampling method. `Data were analyzed by using Shannon diversity index, equitability, Sorensen similarity, relative density, and frequency of occurance. Data were also shown in biplot using Principle Component Analysis and Correspondence Analysis. Result showed that as many as 132 species from 3864 individuals of butterflies the species were recorded into 4 families i.e Lycaenidae (21 species), Nymphalidae (80 species), Papilionidae (15 species), and Pieridae (17 species) were recorded. Diversity of butterflies at heterogeneous forest was highest, followed by agricultural land and coniferous forest. Similarity of butterflies between heterogenous and coniferous forest was 74%, between heterogenous forest and the agricultural land was 64%, and between coniferous forest and agricultural land was 70%. Family Nymphalidae has a higher density in heterogenous and coniferous forest. Whereas Papilionidae, Lycaenidae, and Pieridae were dominant in agricultural land. Heterogenous and coniferous forest were characterized by high humidity and lower temperature, light intensity and wind speed. Agricultural land was characterized by lower humidity and higher temperature, light intensity, and wind speed.
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Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4