Judul: Genetic Linkage Maps sf W D Markers and QTL Analysis of Oil Palm Using Population of First Generation of Backcross Toward Oil Quality Improvement., Peta pautan genetik marka RAPD dan analisis QTL kelapa sawit menggunakan populasi silang balik generasi pertama menuju perbaikan kualitas minyak
Abstrak: The main indicator that oil palm highly quality is highly oleic acid content. There are increasing world people number, increasing of consumer attention to essential nutrition of food product (specific oil food), and more 90% product of oil palm used for food; as factor which determining for improvement palm oil quality. Objectives this research: (1) to get the characteristic data of yield and quality components of oil palm from the BC, (ex Brazil) population; specific for selected donor parent BC,, (2) to get the linkage map of donor and recurrent parent; for mapping linked molecular marker and as requirement of QTL analysis, (3) to get the QTL mapping of oil quality component for knowing location and effect locus which controlling oil quality components. Effort of improvement oil palm quality can conducted via long term program via backcrossing (conventional breeding technique) that continuing and short term program via marker-assisted selection. Combination of the both technique, conventional breeding with marker-assisted selection as important key for acceleration effort to get palm oil that have oil quality and production highly. Based on path analysis and stepwise regression, performance of BC, population on bunch weight and percentage of oil per bunch variable that have bigger direct effect for determining yield of oil per bunch content (yield component). Otherwise, miristic (C- 14), palmitic (C- 16), stearic (C-18), linoleic (C-18:2), and linolenic (C- 18:3) variable that have bigger effect for determining oleic acid content (oil quality component). For breeding program development to yielding oil palm that have oleic content highly, selected tree 93-107-33 T as donor parent to generate BC, population. From 165 random primers 10-mer was screened to both parent BC,, yielded 108 polymorphic (total 600 locus): 314 polymorphic (donor parent= 195, recurrent parent= 119) and 286 monornorphic. With chi square test (P>0.05), segregating locus that have 1 : 1, for donor parent= 141, recurrent parent=53. Linkage map were constructed using MAPMAKERIEXP 3.0b software: donor parent map (LOD 3.0,8=0.25)= 7 linkage groups (LG), consist of 51 loci (336.2 cM), recurrent parent map=4 KP (LOD 1.69,8=0.25), consist of 14 loci (282.9 cM). Using composite interval mapping (CIM) method and permutation 2000 (P<0.05), of three variable yield component (weight fruit=brb, percentage of oil per mesocarp=mym, yield of oil per bunch=hmy) were identified existence six QTLs, there are brb-2-1, brb-2-2, brb-2-3 (LOD 5.3 1); mym-10-1, mym-12-1 (LOD 5.46); and hmy-12-1 (LOD 2.76). From five variable of oil quality component (percentage of fatty acid from miristic=mrs, palmitic=plm, stearic=str, oleic=ole, linolenic=lnt) were identified existence eight QTLs, there are mrs-2-1, mrs-5-1 (LOD 5.02); plm-2-1 (LOD 5.23); str-2-1 (LOD 3.74); ole-2-1, ole-5-1, ole-12-1 (LOD 5.17); and lnt-2-1 (LOD 4.23). QTL ole-5-1 known that have the bigger effect to determining highly oleic content (phenotypic variance=40.45%; total phenotypic variance=96.45%)., Indikator utama minyak kelapa sawit bermutu baik adalah tingginya kandungan asam oleat. Adanya peningkatan jumlah penduduk dunia, peningkatan perhatian konsumen terhadap nutrisi esensial produk pangan; merupakan faktor pendorong perlu dilakukannya perbaikan kualitas minyak kelapa sawit.
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Judul: Development of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) Marker based on SAD Gene in Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Abstrak: Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important economic crop species due to the versatile applications of its crude and kernel oils. The necessity to improve oil palm, which is the world’s most productive oil producing plant under cultivation currently for high yield and oil quality to meet the growing global demand especially in term of its healthy component, oleochemical industrial needs and biodiesel utilization has become a major area of focus for oil palm breeders. Marker assisted selection have played a crucial role in oil palm breeding programs and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) maker is one of those technology that has recently attracted breeders. High content of oleic acid (18:1) has proven to be that needed component of oil palm and other vegetable oils that can greatly contribute to oil quality improvement. Stearoyl Acyl-carrier-protein Desaturase (SAD) is a key enzyme for oleic acid biosynthesis which plays an important role in determining the composition of unsaturated fatty acids in oil palm. In oil palm, SAD gene is located in chromosome 7, 8, and 9. This research focused on chromosome 7 and 9. There are 3 exon region in each of these two chromosomes. Specific primers were designed base on the 6 exon and neighboring intron region. Genomic DNA from three oil palm sources were amplified using these specific primers. We identified 9 SNP loci (4 in the exon and 5 in the intron) in SAD gene fragment and developed 9 allele-specific single nucleotide amplified polymorphism (SNAP) marker for oleic acid prediction. Four out of the nine SNAP marker developed and tested on 25 oil palm accessions were polymorphic and reasonably informative. The average expected and observed heterozygosities were 0.391 and 0.404, respectively. The mean polymorphism information content (PIC) was 0.312. Our results showed that these SNAP markers will be useful if validated in larger oil palm population in predicting oleic acid composition and genetic variation in oil palm breeding programs based on SAD gene fragment. This research account for the first specific study of SNAP marker development based on SNPs loci in both intron and exon region of SAD gene sequence in chromosomes 7 and 9 of oil palm. The result of our research will allow direct MAS specifically for oleic acid content and generally for unsaturated fatty acid prediction in oil palm at an early growth stage with less resources and time and also carried on genetic diversity analysis based on SAD gene. In addition, this research result will have set the pitch for further genetic diversity studies on the progeny of cross between the species of oil palm (E.guineensis and E.oleifera). Initial evaluation of the SNAP markers developed in this study is significantly beneficiary for oil palm breeders.
Keyword: Allele-specific, expected heterozygosities, observed heterozygosities, oil quality, SAD, SNP

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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