Judul: Culture of Poverty in Urban Area (Study on Taru  Community, North Bogor District, Bogor City, West Java)
Abstrak: Kompleksitas wujud kemiskinan dari waktu ke waktu turut memperluas ukuran kemiskinan, tidak hanya dari segi ekonomi semata, namun diperlukan pendekatan budaya untuk memahami realitas sosial masyarakat. Budaya kemiskinan merupakan salah satu bentuk dimensi kemiskinan yang dicirikan dengan seperangkat nilai, keyakinan, dan sikap negatif yang diwariskan antar generasi dalam menjalankan praktik sosial yang mengakibatkan langgengnya kemiskinan yang dihadapi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode sensus terhadap rumah tangga miskin sebagai unit analisis, dan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa budaya kemiskinan yang tercermin dalam sikap pesimis, preferensi kerja untuk sekedar hidup, berorientasi kuat ke masa lampau, serta sikap boros pada rumah tangga miskin di Komunitas Taru nyatanya tidak memiliki hubungan signifikan dengan tingkat kemiskinan rumah tangga. Sebaliknya, budaya kemiskinan muncul sebagai suatu respons alami terhadap kondisi miskin yang dihadapi oleh rumah tangga, sekaligus berfungsi sebagai mekanisme adaptif yang membantunya menghadapi tantangan-tantangan ekonomi., The complexity of the poverty form in over time has also expanded the size of poverty, not only from an economic perspective, but a cultural approach is needed to understand the social reality of society. The culture of poverty is a form of poverty dimension which is characterized by a set of negative values, beliefs and attitudes that are passed down between generations in carrying out social practices which result in the persistence of the poverty faced. The research was conducted using a census method with impoverished households as the unit of analysis, employing a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The research findings indicate that the culture of poverty, as reflected in a pessimistic attitude, a preference for working merely to subsist, a strong orientation towards the past, and profligate behavior in Taru Community’s impoverished households, does not exhibit a significant relationship with household poverty levels. Instead, the culture of poverty emerges as a natural response to the impoverished conditions faced by households, simultaneously functioning as an adaptive mechanism to help them confront economic challenges.
Keyword: culture of poverty, househoulds, level of poverty

Judul: Household Poverty in Urban Area (Study in Taru Urban Village, North Bogor Subdistrict, Bogor City, West Java)
Abstrak: Kemiskinan masih menjadi masalah serius yang belum terselesaikan. Dua hal yang mendorong perhatian peneliti untuk menyelidiki kondisi dan faktor kemiskinan di perkotaan adalah adanya peningkatan angka kemiskinan di perkotaan dan peraturan percepatan pengentasan kemiskinan ekstrem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi kondisi dan faktor kemiskinan serta menganalisis hubungan antara faktor kemiskinan yang terdiri dari struktur rumah tangga, kerawanan bencana alam lokasi tempat tinggal, dan tingkat pemanfaatan pekarangan oleh rumah tangga dengan tingkat kemiskinan. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif melalui metode sensus. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga miskin (61 rumah tangga) yang diakui masyarakat secara emik. Penelitian ini menemukan dua temuan utama, yaitu: (1) sepertiga dari populasi merupakan rumah tangga miskin ekstrem, dan (2) faktor yang berkorelasi signifikan dengan tingkat kemiskinan adalah rasio beban tanggungan rumah tangga., Poverty is still a serious problem that has not been resolved. Two things that encourage researchers to investigate the conditions and factors of poverty in urban areas are the increase in poverty rates in urban areas and regulations to accelerate the eradication of extreme poverty. The purpose of this study is to identify the conditions and factors of poverty and analyze the relationship between poverty factors consisting of household structure, natural disaster vulnerability of residential location, and the level of yard utilization by households with poverty levels. The research approach used is quantitative approach supported by qualitative data through the census method. The population of this study was all poor households (61 households) recognized by the community emically. This research found two main findings, namely: (1) one-third of the population are extreme poor households, and (2) the factor that is significantly correlated with poverty level is the household dependency ratio.
Keyword: Poverty factors, Poverty levels, Urban households

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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