Judul: Identification of Pelagic Fish Schools in Bungus Waters, West Sumatra
Abstrak: Pelagic fish resources are one of the important marine fisheries resources in Indonesia which require the availability of information for sustainable use. One method that can be used to provide this information is the hydroacoustic method. This research aims to identify schools of fish by analyzing the relationship between acoustic independent variables of fish schools using a statistical analysis approach. Statistical analysis was carried out through multivariate analysis and correlation analysis of acoustic independent variables. The results obtained were 24 schools of fish with 2 data not used because they were extreme outliers and the largest type of fish caught was anchovies (Stolephorus sp.). The variables with the dominant influence on determining groups of fish schools are the variables height, area, Sa, and TS which divide 22 schools of fish into 2 groups, namely group 1 with 12 schools (54.6%) and group 2 with 10 schools (45.4%). Furthermore, the variables Sv and TS have a correlation with other variables even though TS has a relationship that tends to be more positive and stronger than Sv. This can be caused by variations in the values of the Sv variable which tend to be homogeneous.
Keyword: Identification, Bungus Waters, Fish Schooling, Hydroacoustics

Judul: Pendekatan metode hidroakustik untuk analisis keterkaitan antara tipe substrat dasar perairan dengan komunitas ikan demersal, The hydroacoustic method approach for interrelatedness analysis of sea bottom substrate type with demersal fish community
Abstrak: The sea bottom substrate has an important role for biota life in sea bottom area. Sea bottom is habitat for benthic, demersal fishes and other marine biota. Therefore, the accuracy and precision to classify the sea bottom substrate become essential. However, data and information on sea bottom substrate type and its relation to biota, particularly demersal fishes, are scanty. This condition is caused by the used method, in general, is limited to grab method which is only covered and mapped a very limited area based on sea bottom sampling station. Nowadays, the new method to obtain sea bottom substrate information has been developed very well, that is hydroacoustic method. Sea bottom substrate, sediments, benthic and vegetations can be accessed by using echosounder and processed digitally. The difference of sea bottom substrate types can be distinguished through the coarseness of topography and hardness of sea bottom substrate which consisted of coral, stone, sand, mud, and clay. The research objective is to analyze the interrelatedness of sea bottom substrate type with demersal fish community by hydroacoustic method approach. Therefore, the obtained data consisted of sea bottom substrate, demersal fish, oceanographic data, and other related data. Those data were obtained from several locations, i.e. Belitung Island in the years of 2002 and 2005, Java Sea (2002 and 2005), East Borneo (2004), and around Pari Island of Seribu Islands (2007). Data processing was done by using several echo data post processing programs, namely Simrad EP-500, Echoview version 3.5 and Simrad BI-60. The hydroacoustic data of sea bottom substrates and grab sampling results were classified based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Cluster Analysis. The relation between the abiotic factors and demersal fish community was overlaid descriptively over horizontal distribution map of sea bottom substrate and demersal fish species by using surfer program. The result of bottom sounding shows that the harder the sea bottom substrate, the stronger the backscattering value. On the opposite, the softer the sea bottom substrate, the weaker the backscattering value. Based on PCA and cluster analysis, it is known that strongest backscattering strength value of sea bottom substrate is from coral substrate, followed by backscattering values from sand, muddy sand, sandy mud, and mud, which is weaker respectively. The obtained sea bottom substrate backscattering values can be applied to assess and distinguish sea bottom substrate type in other sea bottom area. The hydroacoustic detection of demersal fishes and swept area by trawl give information of fish density higher at shallow water (<36,5 m) and have small value of fish target strength. These small fish was identified as Leiognathus splenden (“ikan pepetek”). The relation between abiotic factors and demersal fish community in Java Sea shows that: 1) Fish species of Leiognathus splenden does not live in all sea bottom with muddy substrate. This fish was found in the muddy area in a shallow water near coastal zone. 2) Fish species of Upeneus sulphureus has high appearance frequency at all trawl swept area stations. This fish was encountered in a muddy substrate and the total weight of fish (swept by trawl) is gradually higher
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Judul: Sintesis 1-Kloro-2-metoksi-6-propilnaftalena-1,3-dioksolana (1:1) sebagai Prekursor Asam (S)-(+)-(6-Metoksi-2-naftil)propanoat
Abstrak: Senyawa 1-kloro-2-metoksi-6-propilnaftalena-1,3-dioksolana (1:1) sebagai prekursor asam (S)-(+)-(6-metoksi-2-naftil)propanoat disintesis dari bahan awal 2-metoksinaftalena. Tahapan sintesis diawali dengan klorinasi menggunakan 2 jenis pereaksi klorinasi, yakni isosianurat terklorinasi dan NaOCl. Klorinasi dengan isosianurat terklorinasi berhasil menyintesis 1-kloro-2-metoksinaftalena sebagai produk monoklorinasi melalui pencirian dengan kromatograf gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS). Nisbah konversi produk paling efisien diperoleh pada laju penambahan 2.5 mmol/jam. Sebaliknya, klorinasi dengan NaOCl menghasilkan produk triklorinasi. 1-Kloro-2-metoksinaftalena selanjutnya diasilasi dengan propanoil klorida, tetapi analisis dengan GC menunjukkan bahwa produk asilasi tidak terbentuk. Sistem bebas-air diperlukan untuk keberhasilan proses asilasi tersebut.
Keyword: isosianurat terklorinasi, NaOCl, nisbah konversi