Judul: Molecular Phylogenetic Tree using Three Different Methods based on p-distance Model
Abstrak: Phylogenetic inference is needed in describing the relationship between proteins, genes or species. In phylogeny, the object is assumed to be evolutionary related. The evolutionary tree is used to show the evolutionary relationship among the organisms. However, to build reliable evolutionary tree, reliable set of data is needed to find the best model. In this paper, the data is obtained from D-loop region in mitochondrion DNA (mtDNA) that is available in Gen Bank. Five different species of animals were used, those were: Bison bison, Bos taurus, Bos indicus, Bubalus bubalis, and Capra hircus. The objective was to obtain the most reliable method, measured by its stability among UPGMA, Minimum Evolution, and Neighbor-Joining. To build the cases, five species were grouped into seven classes that have different characters. P-distance model was used to build the distance matrices. The reliability of each method was measured using the Felsentein’s bootstrap method. The whole bootstrap process for each method will be repeated 100, 1000, and 10000 times to detect its reliability. Almost all methods do not have the misclassified problems in reconstructing the evolutionary tree. However, Minimum Evolution failed to reconstruct a reliable evolutionary tree compared to UPGMA and Neighbor-Joining.
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Judul: Visualisasi Pohon Filogenetik Berbasis Web menggunakan Metode Circular Tree Drawing Algorithm
Abstrak: Pohon filogenetik merupakan model dari sejarah evolusi dan hubungan evolusi dari berbagai organisme berdasarkan persamaan atau perbedaan karakteristik. Visualisasi pohon filogenetik merupakan aspek penting dalam analisis filogeni. Visualisasi yang baik akan memberikan analisis dan interpretasi data yang baik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membangun aplikasi berbasis web untuk memvisualisasikan pohon filogenetik. Data yang digunakan berformat Newick. Penelitian ini fokus pada visualisasi dengan menggunakan metode circular tree drawing algorithm. Algoritme diimplementasi dalam bahasa JavaScript. Diawali dengan inisialisasi, postorder traversal, dan preorder traversal untuk menghitung koordinat. Koordinat hasil algoritme berada pada rentang -1–1. Perlu dilakukan perbesar dan translasi agar visualisasi dapat terlihat. Pohon di-render dalam fitur Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) dengan bantuan library Raphaёl. Label untuk setiap leaf ditempatkan di sekeliling lingkaran dan dirotasi agar mudah dibaca. Pengujian telah berhasil dilakukan untuk melihat hasil render untuk data terbesar dengan 163 nodes, 82 leaves, serta data terkecil dengan 5 nodes dan 3 leaves.
Keyword: pohon filogenetik, visualisasi pohon filogenetik, circular tree drawing

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4