Judul: Peranan Perkebunan Rakyat dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan.
Abstrak: Walaupun sektor perkebunan sangat dominan, namun kesejahteraan rumahtangga petani di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan sangat rendah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) menganalisis peran perkebunan rakyat dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan, 2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pendapatan dan kemiskinan rumahtangga petaniperkebunan rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan. Analisis data meliputi: Loc ation Quetient (LQ), Shift Share Analysis- (SSA), Regresi Linier berrganda, Indeks Gini, Regresi Logistik Binari dan Analisis Deskriptif. Hasil pen elitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan perkebunan rakyat sangat berperan terhadap penanggulangan kerniskinan di Kabupaten Halmahera selatan. Dengan berkernbangnya perkebunan rakyat, jumlah penduduk miskin simakin berkurang walaupun tingkat kerniskinan relatif tinggi (70%). Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan petani pekebun adalah pekerjaan sampingan, jurnlah anggota keluarga, luas lahan, sistem penanaman, akses pasar dan pengeluaran. Sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan adalah umur petani, pengalaman berkebun, luas lahan, umur tanaman dan akses pasar. Kebijakan penanggulangan kemiskinan harus berfokus pada pemberdayaan petani dalam meningkatkan produktivitas dan pendapatan riit sub sektor perkebunan seperti peremajaan tanaman,penyuluhan dan pernbinanan pengadaan pupuk, obat-obatan danmempermudah petani ke akses sumberdaya produktif dan informasi pasar.
Keyword: Development of people plantation income, Poverty, Pembangunan wilayah, Analisis perekonomian wilayah, Analisis peran perkebunan dalam rumahtangga petani, Analisis deskriptif dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat, Strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat

Judul: Kajian pemanfaatan dan pengembangan sumberdaya pulau kecil di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan
Abstrak: his research is executed from Februari until April 2004 in South Halmahera arch Regency, Research Target is to ; (I) Studying Exploiting Resources Isle pass through Determination Condition and Potency of According To the Exploiting Resources Isle Allotment, (2) Striving Subdistrict and countryside Development in South Halmahera arch Regency region, (3) Determining Regional Development policy direction of Coastal area in South Halmahera arch Regency. According To exploiting Allotment Resources of Coastal area in South Halmahera arch Regency analysed with Analysis Spasial with method Overlay. Analyse centers Bases activity (pre-eminent.) conducted by using method Location Quotient Analisys (LQ), Analyse Excellence Kompetitif conducted by using method Shift Share Analisys, Analyse countryside development conducted by using method Principle Component Analisys and also Analyse Group (Cluster Analisys). Result obtained is; according to Farm KJA Allotment in Bacan East, B. West, and Kayoa, allotment cultivation Pearl in]Subdistrict Bacan East, Coastal Tourism Allotment in 6 subdistrict in Regency region Halmahera of South arch of except Bacan and Bacan West East, while Fisherman Settlement Allotment in meeting Subdistrict Bacan, Concentration Sekot Bases in Agricultural Sector met at Subdistrict Bacan and Gane East from type tubers, while for subdistrict Kayoa met by type Jambu mete, and nutmeg in Paling Island subdistrict, whereas fishery sector met in subdistrict Gane West namely the fish laying type. excellence Kompetitif of each dross look seen by where at subdistrict Bacan West, Bacan East, and Bacan show good economics growth at the same time with farm exploiting competition height of tubers. Where high competition enough at arrest activity in subdistrict Kayoa, Gane East, Gane West Paling Island and happened by degradation haul. At appliance exploiting catch good enough at subdistrict Kayoa of whereas 8 subdistrict in region Halmahera of South arch of showed of the happening of very drastic degradation. Dati of Result of Analisistiponomi countryside is fisherman of where sill tendency to the sea being based on society. Result of group Analysis in discovering 2 countryside group that is; there is and also the countryside group which is relative left behind and insulated. Conclusion obtained by that is countryside in region Halmahera ofSouth arch enable for the coastal allotment, and settlement fisherment; Small Exploiting Pulai not yet optimal so that development of fishery sector relative minimize, discovered by the optimal group so that development of fishery sector relative minimize, discovered by the new countryside group expand and the countryside which isrelative left behind and insulated.
Keyword: kesesuaian lahan, potensi wolayah, tingkat kecamatan, tingkat desa

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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