Judul: Regional Rural Transformation in Indonesia Base on Low Value Agriculture Commodities
Abstrak: Transformasi perdesaan menggambarkan pergeseran fokus produksi dari komoditas pertanian bernilai rendah menuju bernilai tinggi. Berdasarkan data share PDRB komoditas pertanian bernilai rendah di Indonesia mengalami penurunan dibandingkan komoditas pertanian bernilai tinggi, sehingga mengindikasikan terjadinya proses transformasi perdesaan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi komoditas pertanian bernilai rendah di Indonesia dengan periode waktu multi tahunan dari tahun 2000 sampai 2018 dan mengetahui pengaruh institusi, kebijakan, dan investasi terhadap transformasi perdesaan di Indonesia berdasarkan komoditas pertanian bernilai rendah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi data panel dengan menggunakan data 25 provinsi di Indonesia dengan periode waktu multi tahunan dari tahun 2000 sampai 2018. Hasil estimasi data panel pada penelitian ini menunjukan variabel fasilitas keuangan (koperasi), fasilitas pasar, PMA sektor pertanian, PMDN sektor pertanian, dan fasilitas kesehatan (rumah sakit) diketahui berpengaruh secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap share PDRB pertanian subsektor tanaman pangan. Variabel luas lahan, dana desa, dan tenaga kerja subsektor pangan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap share PDRB pertanian subsektor tanaman pangan. Kata kunci : komoditas pertanian bernilai rendah, subsektor pangan, transformasi perdesaan, Rural transformation illustrates the transition of low value agricultural commodities to high value comodities. Based on data, low value agricultural comodities in Indonesia had decreased compared to high value commodities, indicates of rural transformation in Indonesia. This studied aims to determine the condition of low value commodities in Indonesia with a multi-year period from 2000 to 2018 and to determine the influence of institutions, policies, and investments on rural transformation in Indonesia based on low value commodities. This study used descriptive analysis and panel data regression analysis method using data from 25 provinces in Indonesia with a multi-year period from 2000 to 2018. The estimation results of panel data in this studied showed the variables of financial facilities, market facilities, PMA in the agricultural sector, PMDN in the agricultural sector, and health facilities were known to have a negative and significant effect on the share of PDRB of the food crop agriculture sub-sector. The variables of land area, dana desa, and labor in the food sub-sector had a positive and significant impact on the share of PDRB of the food crop agriculture sub-sector Keywords: food crop agriculture sub-sector, low value agricultural comodities, rural transformation
Keyword: komoditas pertanian bernilai rendah, subsektor pangan, transformasi perdesaan

Judul: Rural Transformation and Income in Indonesia
Abstrak: Transformasi perdesaan merupakan suatu proses perubahan sosial yang komprehensif dimana masyarakat perdesaan melakukan diversifikasi ekonomi dan mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap sektor pertanian. Proses transformasi perdesaan yang sedang terjadi di Indonesia ditandai dengan meningkatnya share PDRB high-value agriculture dan share tenaga kerja nonpertanian. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui gambaran tipologi dan pengaruh transformasi perdesaan terhadap pendapatan perdesaan. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder multitahunan dari 2000 hingga 2018 dengan observasi individu 25 provinsi dan diestimasi menggunakan metode data panel statis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan transformasi perdesaan tidak terjadi pada kecepatan yang sama antarprovinsi. Transformasi perdesaan diketahui berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan perdesaan di Indonesia., Rural transformation is a process of comprehensive social change where rural people diversify their economy and reduce their dependency on agricultural sector. Rural transformation process is happening in Indonesia shown by increasing of share of high-value agricultural GDPR and share of non-farm employment. This research aims to illustrate the typology and impact of rural transformation to rural income. This research uses multiyear secondary data from 2000 to 2018 with individual observation of 25 provinces and estimated by using static panel data method. This research showed that rural transformation growth not happened at the same speed across provinces. Rural transformation also has a positive and significant impact to rural income in Indonesia.
Keyword: data panel statis, transformasi perdesaan, pendapatan perdesaan, static panel data, rural transformation, rural income

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology