Judul: The Quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from a Combination of Dairy Cow Manure and Laying Hen on Production of Kangkong
Abstrak: Kotoran sapi perah dan ayam petelur merupakan bahan organik yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi pupuk organik cair (POC). Pupuk organik cair mengandung unsur hara yaitu nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium yang dapat menunjang pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan kesehatan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar hara makro yang dihasilkan dari POC berbahan dasar kotoran sapi perah dan ayam petelur, serta menguji efektivitasnya terhadap produktivitas tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomea reptans Poir.). Tahapan yang pertama yaitu pembuatan POC dengan 3 perlakuan meliputi 100% kotoran sapi perah (S100A0), 80% kotoran sapi perah dan 20% kotoran ayam petelur (S80A20), 60% kotoran sapi perah dan 40% kotoran ayam petelur (S60A40) data di olah secara deskriptif. Tahap kedua pengujian pada tanaman kangkung dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu kontrol, NPK, POC NPK, analisis data menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan S60A40 memiliki kandungan NPK tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, namun belum memenuhi standar. Uji tanam menunjukkan bahwa peran POC belum dapat memberikan hasil yang optimal dalam meningkatkan produktivitas kangkung darat., Cow and layer chicken manure are organic materials that can be utilized to produce liquid organic fertilizer (POC). Liquid organic fertilizer contains essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which support plant growth, development, and health. This study aims to analyze the macro nutrient content produced from POC based on cow and layer chicken manure and to test its effectiveness on the productivity of kangkong (Ipomea reptans Poir.). The first stage involves the production of POC with three treatments: 100% cow manure (S100A0), 80% cow manure and 20% chicken manure (S80A20), and 60% cow manure and 40% chicken manure (S60A40). The data are processed descriptively. The second stage is the testing of kangkong using a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments: control, NPK, and POC NPK, and data analysis using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate that the S60A40 treatment has the highest NPK content compared to other treatments, although it does not yet meet the standard. The planting test indicated that the POC treatment did not provide optimal result in increasing the productivity of kangkong.
Keyword: Ipomea reptans Poir, kotoran ayam petelur, kotoran sapi perah, pupuk organik cair

Judul: The Quality of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from a Combination of Dairy Cow Manure and Laying Hen on Production of Kangkong
Abstrak: Kotoran sapi perah dan ayam petelur merupakan bahan organik yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi pupuk organik cair (POC). Pupuk organik cair mengandung unsur hara yaitu nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium yang dapat menunjang pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan kesehatan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kadar hara makro yang dihasilkan dari POC berbahan dasar kotoran sapi perah dan ayam petelur, serta menguji efektivitasnya terhadap produktivitas tanaman kangkung darat (Ipomea reptans Poir.). Tahapan yang pertama yaitu pembuatan POC dengan 3 perlakuan meliputi 100% kotoran sapi perah (S100A0), 80% kotoran sapi perah dan 20% kotoran ayam petelur (S80A20), 60% kotoran sapi perah dan 40% kotoran ayam petelur (S60A40) data di olah secara deskriptif. Tahap kedua pengujian pada tanaman kangkung dengan 3 perlakuan yaitu kontrol, NPK, POC NPK, analisis data menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan S60A40 memiliki kandungan NPK tertinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya, namun belum memenuhi standar. Uji tanam menunjukkan bahwa peran POC belum dapat memberikan hasil yang optimal dalam meningkatkan produktivitas kangkung darat., Cow and layer chicken manure are organic materials that can be utilized to produce liquid organic fertilizer (POC). Liquid organic fertilizer contains essential nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, which support plant growth, development, and health. This study aims to analyze the macro nutrient content produced from POC based on cow and layer chicken manure and to test its effectiveness on the productivity of kangkong (Ipomea reptans Poir.). The first stage involves the production of POC with three treatments: 100% cow manure (S100A0), 80% cow manure and 20% chicken manure (S80A20), and 60% cow manure and 40% chicken manure (S60A40). The data are processed descriptively. The second stage is the testing of kangkong using a Completely Randomized Design with three treatments: control, NPK, and POC NPK, and data analysis using a completely randomized design (CRD). The results indicate that the S60A40 treatment has the highest NPK content compared to other treatments, although it does not yet meet the standard. The planting test indicated that the POC treatment did not provide optimal result in increasing the productivity of kangkong.
Keyword: Ipomea reptans Poir, kotoran ayam petelur, kotoran sapi perah, pupuk organik cair

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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