Judul: Diversity Analysis of Banana (Musa spp.) Based on RAPD and ISSR Molecular Markers
Abstrak: Persilangan kedua tetua pisang, Musa acuminata (AA) dan Musa balbisiana (BB), menghasilkan keragaman tingkat ploidi yang menghasilkan variasi sifat pada setiap kultivar pisang. Analisis keragaman pisang dengan pendekatan morfologi cenderung lebih mudah untuk dilakukan tetapi dapat karakter tersebut dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini perlu dilakukan analisis keragaman pisang menggunakan marka molekular RAPD dan ISSR untuk mendeteksi perbedaan pada tingkat DNA. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu pengamatan morfologi, isolasi DNA kultivar pisang, amplifikasi DNA menggunakan primer RAPD dan ISSR, dan pengolahan data hasil PCR dengan scoring dan software PAST 4. Analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan marka RAPD dan ISSR pada delapan kultivar pisang menghasilkan 164 pita DNA dengan rata-rata persentase pita polimorfik 78.9%. Jarak kekerabatan terjauh dari seluruh kultivar pisang yang dipelajari terdapat pada pisang Lampung yang merupakan satu-satunya sampel bergenom diploid., Crossing the two parental bananas, Musa acuminata (AA) and Musa balbisiana (BB), results in a diversity of ploidy levels that produce variations in traits in each banana cultivar. Analysis of banana diversity with a morphological approach tends to be easier to do, but the environment can influence the character. Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to analyze banana diversity using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers to detect differences at the DNA level. The methods used were Morphological observation, Isolation of banana cultivar DNA, DNA amplification using RAPD and ISSR primers, and data processing of PCR results with scoring and PAST 4 software. Analysis of genetic diversity using RAPD and ISSR markers on eight banana cultivars produced 164 DNA bands with an average percentage of polymorphic bands of 78.9%. The farthest relationship distance of all studied banana cultivars was found in the Lampung banana, the only diploid genome sample.
Keyword: morfologi, PCR, kekerabatan, marka molekuler, polimorfisme

Judul: The study of genetic diversity and relationship on Musa spp. by mean random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
Abstrak: Banana (Musa spp.) is belonging to the family Musaceae, a genus Musa. The cultivated bananas are developed from natural hybridization of two wild species of bananas, Musa acuminata Cola. (A) and Musa balbisiana Cola. (B). Banana is originated from South East Asia include indonesia. The biggest gemplasm collection in indonesia is belong to agricultural section of Yogyakarta province, that comprise 379 accesion of banana. In this study 17 accesions of Musa spp. obtained from the Jogyakarta collection, was subjected for there genetic variability base on morphological performance and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Base on six morphological analyses it was revealed that the genotypes separated into dendogram of 36.63% level of similarity. At 60.09% level of similarity the accesion separated into five main groups. Difficulties on DNA extraction of the banana was observed in this study to overcame the problem secondary products, all of sample preparation treatment was conducted. The results showed that sample taken without aluminum wrapping, stored at extraction buffer without mercaptoethanol, and finally extracted with 65°C preheated buffer extract was successfully use to extract DNA at level at sufficient for RAPD analysis. RAPD analysis was successfully amplified a total 26 fragments (100%) polymorphic from these DNA genom by using eight primer. The number of fragments of each primer ranged from 1-9 on average was 3.25 fragments per primer. Subsequently, a dendogram based on UPGMA-link method using Nei and Li similarity and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot analysis revealed that the genotypes separate at 27% level of similarity, and when separated at 75% level of similarity the genotypes were clustered into three groups. This study also revealed, that RAPD analysis was able to elucidate genetic variety at higher level than morphological characteristic, confirm the potential of RAPD analysis as a tool for genetic variability analysis.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4