Judul: Alternatif Indeks Gizi Seimbang untuk Menilai Kualitas Konsumsi Pangan Anak Usia 2-12 Tahun di Indonesia
Abstrak: Currently, there are many Indonesian children who experience nutritional problems. 19.6 % of children under five years are underweight, more than 30% are stunted. On the other hand ,11.9% of children are overweight in 2013. The Ministry of Health developed Guidelines for Balanced Diet in 2014 as healthy eating guidelines for all age groups, including children to control these nutritional problems. Although the balanced dietary guideline is available, Indonesia has yet developed a practical and comprehensive instrument to assess children’s food consumption quality. Other countries, e.g. United States of America, Australia and Thailand had developed such instrument called Healthy Eating Index (balanced diet index) for all age groups. Indonesia’s Healthy Eating Index or Balanced Diet Index was only developed for adult group. Therefore, this study was aimed generally to develop the balanced diet index (BDI) for Indonesian children aged 2-12 years. The specific purposes of this study were to analyze food consumption of Indonesian children aged 2-12 years, to develop several alternatives of BDIs for Indonesian children aged 2-12 years, and to select the most appropriate BDI for Indonesian children. The study was conducted from September 2014 to May 2015. Subjects were healthy children aged 2-12 years from the Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) in 2010. 38890 children were selected as final subjects after data cleaning based on exclusion criteria. The development of balanced diet index (BDI) was performed in three steps, namely 1) the classification of food, 2) the development of BDI alternatives and assessment systems, and 3) validation of the BDI using correlation test between BDI alternatives with the nutritional quality (NQ) of the diet of the subject. Mean adequacy level of 15 nutrients was included in the calculation of NQ of the subjects’ diet, i.e. energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, water, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B9 (folate), vitamin B12, vitamin C, sodium, calcium, iron, phosphorus, and zinc. The nutrient intake data were obtained from conversion of food consumption data of Riskesdas 2010 using Indonesian food composition tables, nutrition fact of labeled foods, the USDA nutrient database, and nutrisurvey software. 12 alternatives of BDI were developed in this study. The difference of each BDI was on the scoring systems and the components that were included in the assessment. The study results showed that all of BDI developed positively correlated with the NQ value of the subjects (r = 0.27 – 0.60). BDIC-60, BDI with continuous scoring system, consisting of six components of the assessment and 0 food aspects related to noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) was the most valid BDI (r = 0.6). BDI3-60, BDI with 3-level discrete scoring systems, consisting of six components of the assessment and 0 food aspects related to NCDs was the most practical and valid BDI (r = 0.58). BDIC-104, BDI with continuous scoring system, consisting of 10 components of the assessment and 4 food aspects related to NCDs was the most complete BDI to assess the quality of the diet of the subjects (r = 0.42). BDI3-60 was a valid index that can be used practically to assess the quality of children’s food consumption. The BDI modification
Keyword: balanced diet index, child, food consumption

Judul: Development of Balanced Diet Index for Indonesian Adult Males
Abstrak: Indonesia’s having double burden of malnutrition. At 2011, it is stated Indonesia was at the 5th position of country with the largest number of stunted toddler. Meanwhile the overnutrition problem growed, at 2013 there were 19,7% obese Indonesian adult males. The increasing number of overnutrition was proved to be related with the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases. To combat the double burden of malnutrtion, Indonesia has developed a food guideline. Although the food guideline has been developed, the instrument to asses the whole eating quality based on the food guideline has not been developed yet in Indonesia. Other countries such as America, Australia and Thailand had developed such instrument called Healthy Eating Index (balanced diet index). The study was aimed to develop the balanced diet index (BDI) for Indonesian adult males. The spesific purposes of this study were to asses food consumption pattern of Indonesian adult males, to develop several alternatives of BDIs and to select the most appropriate BDI for Indonesian adult males, and to analyse factors affecting the BDI. The design of the study was analytical study to develop an index. This study developed several alternatives of BDI through systematic review of literature. The food consumption data from Basic Health Research in 2010 were used to validate the index. This study were conducted on June-November 2013. The data of Basic Health Research 2010 covered 64448 male subjects, and 61129 of them were analyzed in this study. Subjects were excluded if they didn’t have any consumption or anthropometic data, if their BMI less than 13 or more than 40, if their energy intake less than 30% or more than 300% of their BMR and if their nutrient adequacy more than 400%. There were ten alternatives of BDIs developed based on the food group and their intake, and also their scoring systems. The gold standard used to validate the BDI is the mean adequacy ratio (MAR) measured by mean nutrient adequacy of 16 nutrients. The 16 nutrients consist of Energy, Protein, Fat, Carbohydrate, Fiber, Water, Sodium, Calcium, Iron, Phosphorus,Potassium, Zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2 and vitamin C. The binary logistic test and the assesment of Sensitivity and Spesifity score were done to see which alternative of BDI was the most appropriate for adult males of Indonesia. The result showed the pearson correlation coefficient of the BDI and MAR range from 0.46 to 0.64; while the sensitivity and spesifisity score ranged from 120.3 to 147.0. The most appropriate and practical BDI to asses MAR is BDI3-60 (r=0.64; Se & Sp= 145.1). BDI3-60 consists of six food groups (cereal, legume, animal food, vegetable, fruit and milk) and implementing 3-level of scoring system. Determinant factors for BDI3-60 are place of living, economic status, marital status, education and occupation of subject. Subjects aged 20-49 years old and lived in rural area were more likely to vii have better diet quality. Subjects with better economic level, had higher education level and worked as civil servant or private businessman were more likely to have better diet quality.
Keyword: adult males, balanced diet index, mean adequacy ratio (MAR)

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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