Judul: Kajian Pengaruh Interverensi Makanan Kudapan Terhadap Peningkatan Kadar Glukosa Darah dan Daya Ingat Anak Sekolah
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelurnnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kudapan di sekolah melalui program PMI-AS, yang mengandung energi dan protein rata-rata 124 kkal dan 1,5 gram, berpengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan kadar glukosa darah anak sekolah dasar meskipun belum menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap daya ingatnya. Hal ini diduga karena terlalu rendah kandungan energi dan protein dari kudapan yang diberikan dan kurang sesuai rnetode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran daya ingat. Salah satu indikator biokimia dari kekurangan konsumsi energi adalah rendahnya kadar glukosa darah, sedangkan indikator dari prestasi belajar anak antara lain dapat ditentukan melalui pengukuran daya ingatnya. Secara urnurn. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi makanan kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan daya ingat anak sekolah dasar (SD). Adapun tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsumsi energi, karbohidrat, protein dan lemak anak SD, menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi makanan terhadap kadar hemoglobin anak SO, menganalisis pengaruh intervensi kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah anak SD, menganalisis perubahan daya ingat anak SD akibat pemberian kudapan, dan menganalisis pengaruh kadar glukosa darah terhadap daya ingat anak SD.
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Judul: The Effect of Snack Intervention on Blood Glucose Level and Memory Improvement of Primary School's Students
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kudapan di sekolah melalui program PMT-AS, yang mengandung energi dan protein rata-rata 124 kkal dan 1,5 gram, berpengaruh "yata terhadap peningkatan kadar glukosa darah anak sekolah dasar meskipun belum menunjukkan pengaruh yang "yata terhadap daya ingatnya. Hal ini diduga karena terlalu rendah kandungan energi dan protein dan kudapan yang diberikan dan kurang sesuai metode yang digunakan dalam pengukuran daya ingat Salah satu indikator biokimia dari kekurangan konsumsi energi adalah rendahnya kadar glukosa darah, sedangkan indikator dari prestasi belajar anak antara lain dapat ditentukan melalui pengukuran daya ingatnya. Secara umum. tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh intervensi makanan kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah dan daya ingat anak sekolah dasar (SO). Adapun tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah menganalisis konsumsi energi. karbohidrat. protein dan lemak anak SO. menganalisis pengaruh konsumsi makanan terhadap kadar hemoglobin anak SO. menganalisis pengaruh intervensi kudapan terhadap kadar glukosa darah anak SO. menganalisis perubahan daya ingat anak SO akibat pemberian kudapan. dan menganalisis pengaruh kadar glukosa darah terhadap daya ingat anakSO., The objective of this study is to analyze the effect of snack intervention on blood glucose level and memory improvement of primary school's students. Subjects of this study were 184 students of four (4) primary schools (grade 6,5 and 4) at Bogar District, West Java. The study employed a quasi-experimental desig n and followed experimental procedures to control the subject's intake and motor activity during the study period. At the day of intervention, both control and intervention's subjects were ordered not to have breakfast at home. Intervention's subjects were provided with snack (buras, at 10.ho AM) which contain 381.7 kcal energy and 5 g protein, but control's subjects were not. Two types of psychological test (word and figure) were applied twice (at 09.00 and 11.00 AM). Then, at the same time, subject's blood was taken to determine blood glucose, haemoglobin, and hematocrite levels. Interviews with subjects and their mothers were done to collect socia-economic data and dietary intake. Result of the study indicate that snack intervention has increased significantly (p<0.01) blood glucose level (20.8 mg/dl) for about 1 hour after snack given. Blood glucose level significantly (p<0.01) effect on the word's and figure's memory performance.
Keyword: Snack intervention, Blood Glucose, Memory improvement, Primary school, Memory performance

Judul: Studi sistematika  Oreophryne Boettger, 1895Sulawesi (Anura: Microhylidae)
Abstrak: The cross frogs, genus Oreophryne Boettger, 1895 are most diverse in the mainland of New Guinea and adjacent islands, to the Wallacea region in the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and the Lesser Sunda Islands, even marginally to the Oriental region in Bali and to the southern Philippine Islands. In Sulawesi, this taxon consists of three species but has rarely been reported since their original descriptions and remained unstudied in both taxonomical work and molecular study. This research aims to evaluate the taxonomic status of the cross frogs in Sulawesi based on morphology and estimate the phylogenetic using the 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed under Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses. We used the specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne which were stored at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). A total of about 19 morphological characters were measured by a digital caliper and ocular micrometer to the nearest 0.01 mm. The phylogenetic tree shows that the three nominal species of Oreophryne from Sulawesi are clearly clustered. Correspondingly, the phylogenetic analysis supports the recognition of a new taxon, Oreophryne sp. However, the phylogenetic relationships between Oreophryne within Wallacea remain unresolved. Consequently, further systematic analysis along with additional sequences from the type locality is necessary to clarify the interspecific relationship among this region. We examined the morphology of 50 voucher specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne. The validity of O. celebensis, O. variabilis, and O. zimmeri was confirmed in this study, but still the latter remains to be established. The three nominal species examined here were not collected from the type locality, so additional specimens, either in the type locality, new locations, or in other areas on this island are needed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these species deeply. Moreover, the unnamed species from the highland of the Mekongga mountains differ morphologically and genetically from all previously described Sulawesian Oreophryne. This distinct species will increase the number of cross frogs in Sulawesi to four species, all of which are endemic.
Keyword: frog, morphology, Oreophryne, phylogenetic, Sulawesi, systematics