Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian infus batang brotowali (Tinospora tuberculata L.) terhadap organ testis tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) yang mendertta diabetes mellitus. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar dibagi dalam 6 kelompok. Lima kelompok dirusak pankreasnya dengan menggunakan aloksan dengan dosis 125 mg/kg BB secara intra vena. Setelah terjadi keadaan hiperglikemia, 3 kelompok diberi infus batang brotowali dengan dosis 25 ml/kg BB masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, satu kelompok sebagai kontrol negatif diberi aquadest dengan dosis 25 mllkg BB dan satu kelompok sebagai kontrol positif diinjeksi insulin (Humulin"') dengan dosis 3,78 unit/kg BB secara subkutan. Satu kelompok lain sebagai kontrol normal, tanpa pertakuan apapun. Pertakuan dilakukan selama 15 han, setelah itu tikus dibunuh dan diambil organnya (testis) untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologi dengan menggunakan pewamaan Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE).
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Judul: Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Hati dan Ginjal Tikus Diabetes Mellitus yang Diberi lnfus Batang Brotowali (Tillospora tuberculata L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek pemberian infus batang brotowali (Tinospora tuberculata L.) terhadap organ hati dan ginjal tikus putih (Rail us norvegicus) yang menderita diabetes mellitus. Sebanyak 30 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) galur Wistar dibagi dalam 6 kelompok. Lima kelompok dirusak pankreasnya menggunakan aloksan dengan dosis 125 mg/Kg BB secat'a intravena. Setelah terjadi keadaan hiperglikemia, 3 kelompok diberi infus batang brotowali dengan dosis 25 mllKg BB masing-masing dengan konsentrasi 10%, 20%, 40%, 1 kelompok sebagai kontrol negatif diberi aquadest dengan dosis 25 mllKg BB dan 1 kelompok sebagai kontrol positif diinjeksi insulin dengan dosis 3, 78 unit/Kg BB secara subkutan. Satu kelompok lain sebagai kontrol normal, tanpa perlakuan apapun. Perlakuan dilakukan selama 15 hari, setelah itu tikus dibunuh dan diambil organnya (hati dan ginjal) untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologi dengan menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoxilyn-Eosin (HE). Hasil pengamatan ll1enunjukkan kerusakan teljadi pada organ hati dan ginjal. Hati mengalami degenerasi terlihat pada sell1ua kelompok perlakuan. Kerusakan berupa degenerasi sampai nekrosa pada ginjal teljadi pada tubuli dan glomerulus, Kerusakan ginjal berupa nekrosa terlihat pada keloll1pok perlakuan dengan pemberian infus batang brotowali 40 %, sedangkan pada kelompok perlakuan dengan pell1berian infus batang brotowali 10% dan 20% hanya mengalami degenerasi. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of brotowali (Tinospora tuberculata L.) infusion to the liver and kidney on diabetic model rats. Thirty rats (Rattus norvegicus) Wistar strain devided into six groups. Five groups were treated with aloksan (125 mg/Kg BW) intravein to produce pancreas alteration and hiperglicaemia effect. Afterword three groups were treated for recovel)! by brotowali il?fusion dose 25 ml/Kg BW intragastrically with the concenlralion j 0%, 20%, 40%, a group injected by insulin(Hul11ulin<!f) dose 3, 78 unit/Kg BW as positive control, another group given aquadest dose 25 nd/Kg BW as negative conlrol. A group as normal control, without treatment. The treatment were done for15 days. Then rats were killed, the liver and kidney were taken for histology preparation and stained with HE (Hematoxylin Eosin). The result showed that the lesion occurred in liver and kidney. Degeneration were seen on all of treatment groups. Degeneration and necrosis occurred in glomerolus and tubulus of kidney. The rate of kidney alteration were found in the tretment group which given brotowali 40 % infusion. Degeneration occurred on other treatment groups which given brotowali infusion 10% and 20%.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm