Judul: Analysis of Food Price Stability For Livestock Commodities Before and During The Covid-19 Pandemic (Year Period 2019-2020)
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 telah memyebabkan harga pangan sangat berfluktuasi. Fluktuasi harga yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan ketidakpsatian konsumsi pangan masyarakat dan dapat memengaruhi kualitas sumberdaya manusia pada jangka panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis fluktuasi dan pengaruh regulasi pangan komoditas hasil peternakan sebelum dan saat pandemic Covid-19 . Fluktuasi harga pangan dianalisis dengan menggunakan Coefficient of Variation, sedangkan konvergensi dan pengaruh regulasi dianalisis dengan metode data panel dinamis dan statis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa harga daging ayam sangat berfluktuasi dibandingkan dengan telur ayam dan daging sapi baik sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19. Harga daging ayam dan telur ayam akan mengalami proses konvergensi dengan kecepatan yang lambat. Pemberlakuan regulasi harga acuan terbaru akan menyebabkan harga telur ayam akan naik dan semakin berfluktuasi, namun fluktuasi harga daging ayam akan menurun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian perlu pengkajian ulang terkait regulasi harga acuan selama pandemi Covid-19., The Covid-19 pandemic has caused food price to fluctuate greatly. High price fluctuation could effect uncertainty of public food consumption and could affect the quality of human resources in the future. This study aims to analyze the fluctuations and impact of food regulation on livestock commodities before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The analysis method used to measure food price fluctuation is the coefficient of variation, while convergence and the impact of regulatory used dynamic and static panel data. The result showed that food price fluctuation for chicken is higher than beef and eggs both before and during the Covid-19 pandemic. The price of chicken and eggs will be converge at a slow pace. The implementation of the latest price regulation will cause the price of eggs to rise and more fluctuate, but the price of chicken will decrease. Based on the research results, there is still required to do re-assessment of reference price during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Keyword: dynamic panel data, harga acuan, konvergensi, protein hewani

Judul: The Effect of Rice Prices on Other Food Prices Before During and After Covid 19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Beras di Indonesia merupakan komoditas yang sangat strategis dari segi ekonomi, sosial, lingkungan dan politik. Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perubahan dan fluktuasi harga pada komoditas pangan. Terjadinya fluktuasi harga pangan menandakan bahwa negara tersebut tidak stabil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola perubahan harga beras sebelum, saat, dan setelah pandemi Covid -19 dan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan harga beras terhadap harga dari komoditas pangan lainnya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu statistik deskriptif dengan analisis koefisien variasi dan analisis korelasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa harga beras mengalami penurunan selama pandemi Covid-19 dan meningkat setelah pandemi berakhir dan harga beras cenderung stabil di tingkat pedagang besar serta pasar tradisional. Harga beras cenderung berkorelasi positif terhadap harga pangan lain sehingga ketika harga beras mengalami peningkatan maka harga pangan lain akan meningkat., Rice in Indonesia is a highly strategic commodity in terms of economics, social, environmental, and political aspects. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes and fluctuations in the prices of food commodities. The occurrence of food price fluctuations indicates instability in the country. The purpose of this research is to analyze the patterns of rice price changes before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic and to examine the influence of rice price changes on the prices of other food commodities. The method used is descriptive statistics with coefficient of variation analysis and correlation analysis. The results of this study indicate that rice prices decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic and increased after the pandemic ended, and rice prices tend to be stable at the level of wholesalers and traditional markets. Rice prices tend to have a positive correlation with the prices of other food items, so when rice prices increase, the prices of other food items will also rise.
Keyword: Covid-19 Pandemic, Coefficient of Variance, Correlation Analysis, Food Commodities, Rice Prices

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology