Judul: Kondisi terumbu karang di daerah sekitar pelabuhan dan non pelabuhan di perairan Pulau Kelapa  dan Pulau Harapan, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan kondisi terumbu karang yang berada pada daerah pelabuhan dan non pelabuhan. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 23 hingga 28 April 2007 bertempat di perairan Pulau Kelapa dan Pulau Harapan, Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta. Pengamatan terumbu karang dan ikan karang menggunakan metode LIT (Line Intercept Transect) dan metode visual sensus. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis berdasarkan persentase penutupan karang keras (HC), indeks mortalitas karang (IMK), serta indeks keanekaragaman (H'), keseragaman (E) dan dominasi (C) ikan karang. Parameter kualitas air yang diukur diantaranya suhu, kedalaman, kecepatan arus, kecerahan, salinitas, derajat keasaman (pH), oksigen terlarut (DO), fosfat dan nitrat perairan
Keyword: 

Judul: Kondisi terumbu karang tahun 1998 disekitar P. Kelapa Kep. Seribu Jakarta Utara
Abstrak: Salah satu biota laut didaerah khatulistiwa adalah terumbu karang yang merupakan ekosistem khas laut tropis yang telah banyak memberikan manfaat bagi kelangsungan hidup manusia antara lain dibidang perikanan, wisata bahari, sebagai pelindung pantai, sebagai sumber obat-obatan dan sebagai indikator ekologi. Terumbu karang sebagai tempat hidup dari berbagai biota laut tropis lainnya memiliki keanekaragaman jenis biota yang sangat tinggi dan sangat produktif. Keanekaragaman biota di terumbu karang dengan bentuk dan warna yang beranekaragam menjadikan terumbu karang merupakan panorama di dasar laut yang sangat indah. Sesuai dengan berkembangnya kebutuhan manusia seperti bahan pangan, tempat rekreasi, pelabuhan dan aktivitas lain yang berhubungan dengan laut dan pantai memberikan kontribusi yang cukup besar terhadap kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang. Hal inilah yang melatar belakangi penelitian penulis yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui keadaan/kondisi terumbu karang untuk penentuan status terumbu karang saat itu sehingga dapat memberikan masukan dalam pengelolan terumbu karang secara tepat dan benar dapat dilaksanakan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan tanggal 22 Oktober 1998 hingga 29 Oktober 1998 di Pulau Pamegaran, Pulau Panjang Kecil, Pulau Karang Bongkok, Pulau Kotok Kecil dan Karang Pasangan Tuan Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta Utara.
Keyword: 

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
Keyword: