Judul: Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Batang Sipatah-patah (Cissus quadrangula Salisb.) terhadap Proliferasi dan Diferensiasi Sel Tulang Tikus secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Research has been conducted on in vitro culture of four weeks old rat (Sprague Dawley) bone cells in DMEM (Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium) containing 10% NBCS (Newborne Calf Serum), 10% NEAA (Non Essential Amino Acid), NaHCO3, 1 μl/mL ITS (Insulin Transferrin Selenium), and 50 μg/mL gentamycin (mDMEM), with and without Cissus quadrangula Salisb. extracts (CQ). There are five groups of treatment, consisted of positive control (mDMEM+dexamethasone 10-8 M), negative control (mDMEM), dose 1 (mDMEM+CQ 0.3 mg/mL), dose 2 (mDMEM+CQ 0.6 mg/mL), and dose 3 (mDMEM+CQ 1.2 mg/mL). Culture was done in 5% CO2 incubator at 37 0 C for 7 days. The parameters observed were Population Doubling Time (PDT) done based on calculation using hemocytometer. Osteoblast and osteocyte were stained with Hematoxylin Eosin (HE), and the compotition and diameter of the cell were counted and measured using micrometer. Data were analyzed using statistical ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed that Cissus quadrangula Salisb. extract at doses 0.3 mg/mL, 0.6 mg/mL, and 1.2 mg/mL increased the bone cells proliferation (P<0.05) and at dose 0.6 mg/mL induced differentiation osteoblast to osteocyte (P<0.05). Differentiation showed by the decreasing diameter of osteoblast thus by increased percentage of osteocyte. In conclusion, the optimal dose of Cissus quadrangula Salisb. extract for in vitro bone cells proliferation and differentiation is 0.6 mg/mL.
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Judul: The Potency of Cissus quadrangula Salisb. Stem Extract on Proliferation and Differentiation of Rats Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cell into Osteocytes.
Abstrak: Cissus quadrangula Salisb. (CQ) was traditionally used in certain bone diseases treatment, in Aceh. Cissus quadrangula Salisb. contained biochemical compounds such as phytoestrogen, calcium and phosphorous, that were reported can trigered osteogenesis. Mesenchymal stem cells from bone marrow can be differentiated to be several cell types such as osteoblast, osteocyte and adipocyte. This study was conducted to observed potency and optimal dose of CQ in proliferation and differentiation of rats bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were isolated from os femur and os tibia of rats. There were five treatment groups in this study. All treatment groups used modified Dulbecco’s modified eagles’s medium (mDMEM) medium. In the control group was not added CQ extract, while in the other groups were added 0.1 mg/mL (CQ 0.1 mg/mL), 0.3 mg/mL (CQ 0.3 mg/mL), 0.6 mg/mL (CQ 0.6 mg/mL) and 0.9 mg/mL (CQ 0.9 mg/mL) of CQ extract. The level of cell proliferation was analyzed by using population doubling time (PDT) technique. Identification of cell differentiation was done by morphological observation after staining with Alizarin red. Cell differentiation was indicated by the number and diameter of osteoblast and osteocyte. The result showed CQ extract treatments decreased PDT significantly (P<0.01), than that of control. It showed that CQ stem extract increased proliferation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell. The number of osteoblast of control treatment group was lowest significantly (P<0.01) than others CQ stem extract treatment groups. The treatment of 0.3 mg/mL CQ stem extract showed the highest number of osteocyte significantly (P<0.01) than others treatment groups. It showed that CQ stem extract increased cell differentiation. The diameter of osteoblast and osteocyte of all treatments groups were not different significantly (P>0.05). It showed that CQ stem extract did not influence on cell diameter. The study concluded that CQ stem extract increased proliferation and differentiation of rats’ bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell into osteoblast and osteocyte. The optimal dose of CQ stem extract was 0.3 mg/mL.
Keyword: Cissus quadrangula Salisb, Mesechymal Stem Cell, Proliferation, Differentiation

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite