Judul: Posisi dan Daya Saing Ekspor Rumput Laut Indonesia di Pasar Internasional
Abstrak: Rumput laut merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor di bidang perikanan karena produksi nasional dan permintaan global yang melimpah, serta banyak dikembangkan masyarakat pesisir untuk meningkatkan perekonomian, karena teknik produksi budidaya rumput laut mudah dan murah dengan risiko gagal panen rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing ekspor rumput laut Indonesia di pasar internasional. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder time series yang dikeluarkan oleh United Nation Comtrade, Badan Pusat Statistik dan International Trade Center dari tahun 2012 hingga 2020. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah dengan metode Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA) dan Korelasi Pearson. Hasil penghitungan RCA dinamis menunjukkan bahwa posisi daya saing rumput laut dengan kategori rising star berpotensi untuk ditingkatkan ekspornya kepasar internasional. Produk rumput laut kering yang perlu ditingkatkan ekspornya adalah HS 121221 dan HS 130239, dan rumput laut yang memiliki prospek untuk dijadikan komoditas ekspor unggulan adalah HS 130239, sedangkan untuk HS 121229 dan HS 130231 juga memiliki potensi untuk menjadi komoditas unggulan karena peningkatan nilai DRCA nya yang cenderung meningkat. Selain itu, terdapat hubungan antara daya saing ekspor Indonesia dengan China pada rumput laut kode HS 121221 dan 121229. Peningkatan ekspor rumput laut dapat dilakukan dengan cara: 1) Mengembangkan budidaya dan penataan industri pengolahan berbasis rumput laut baik rumput laut bahan baku ataupun rumput laut olahan, dan 2) Mengembangkan kegiatan produksi rumput laut untuk industri wewangian dan pencelupan., Seaweed is a leading export commodity in fisheries due to national production and abundant global demand, as well as many coastal communities developed to improve the economy, because seaweed cultivation production techniques are easy and cheap with the risk of low crop failure. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed exports in the international market. The data used is time series secondary data issued by United Nation Comtrade, the Central Bureau of Statistics and the International Trade Center from 2012 to 2020. The analysis method used is by Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA) and Pearson Correlation method. The results of dynamic RCA calculations show that the position of seaweed competitiveness with the rising star category has the potential to increase its exports to the international market. Dry seaweed products that need to be increased exports are HS 121221 and HS 130239, and seaweed that has the prospect to be a leading export commodity is HS 130239, while for HS 121229 and HS 130231 also has the potential to become a leading commodity due to the increase in the value of its DRCA which tends to increase. In addition, there is a relationship between the competitiveness of Indonesia's exports with China in seaweed hs codes 121221 and 121229. Increasing seaweed exports can be done by: 1) Developing the cultivation and structuring of seaweed-based processing industries both raw material seaweed and processed seaweed, and 2) Developing seaweed production activities for the fragrance and dyeing industry.
Keyword: competitiveness, DRCA, exports, seaweed

Judul: Analisis Daya Saing Ekspor Rumput Laut Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan pemasok utama rumput laut (raw material) di dunia, namun dalam mengembangkan ekspornya masih menghadapi berbagai masalah sehingga menuntut Indonesia untuk dapat meningkatkan daya saing rumput laut supaya dapat bertahan dan bersaing di pasar internasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi nilai ekspor rumput laut (raw material) Indonesia ke negara tujuan dan 2) Menganalisis daya saing komoditas rumput laut (raw material) Indonesia melalui pendekatan keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Gravity Model, RCA, EPD, dan Porter’s Diamond. Hasil estimasi gravity model menunjukkan bahwa variabel harga ekspor rumput laut Indonesia ke negara tujuan dan populasi negara tujuan memengaruhi nilai ekspor rumput laut Indonesia ke negara tujuan. Hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki daya saing kuat di negara tujuan Cina, Chili, Korea Selatan, Vietnam, Filipina, Hongkong, Perancis, Spanyol, dan Denmark. Hasil analisis EPD menunjukkan bahwa ekspor rumput laut Indonesia berada di posisi rising star, lost opportunity, falling star dan retreat. Hasil Porter’s Diamond menunjukkan bahwa komponen faktor, kondisi permintaan, peran pemerintah, dan peran kesempatan merupakan kekuatan yang di butuhkan untuk ekspor rumput laut Indonesia, sedangkan industri terkait dan pendukung, dan struktur, strategi, dan persaingan perusahaan merupakan kelemahan dalam hal penunjang ekspor., Indonesia is the main supplier of seaweed (raw material) in the world, but in developing its exports it still faces various problems, thus demanding Indonesia to increase the competitiveness of seaweed so that it can survive and compete in the international market. This study aims to 1) analyze the factors that affect the export value of Indonesian seaweed to the destination country, and 2) analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian seaweed commodities (raw material) through a comparative and competitive advantage approach. The method used in this research is Gravity Model, RCA, EPD, and Porter’s Diamond. The estimation results of the gravity model show that the variable price of Indonesian seaweed exports to the destination country and the population of the destination country affect the export value of Indonesian seaweed to the destination country. The results of the RCA analysis show that Indonesia has strong competitiveness in the destination countries of China, Chile, South Korea, Vietnam, the Philippines, Hong Kong, France, Spain, and Denmark. The results of the EPD analysis show that Indonesia's seaweed exports are in the position of the rising star, lost opportunity, falling star, and retreat. Porter's Diamond results show that the component factors, demand conditions, the role of government, and the role of opportunity are the strengths needed for Indonesian seaweed exports, while the related and supporting industries, and the structure, strategy, and company competition are weaknesses in terms of supporting exports.
Keyword: EPD, export value, gravity model, porter's diamond, RCA

Judul: Penyelesaian model infeksi HIV pada sel darah Putih (T CD4+) dengan menggunakan metode perturbasi homotopi
Abstrak: Acquired immunodefficiency syndrome (AIDS) is defined as symptoms of human immune system deterioration caused by human immunodefficiency virus (HIV). The virus damages the leucocytes; therefore, once a person is infected by the HIV, his/her immune system will be paralyzed and eventually he/she will not be able to survive from any disease. HIV is transmitted in many ways, such as having unsafe sex, using unsterilized syringe and blood transfusion. Homotopy perturbation method is implemented to give approximate and analytical solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equation systems as a model for HIV infection of CD4+ T cells. A modification of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), based on the use of numerical solution, is proposed. Some plots are presented to show the reliability and simplycity of the homotopy perturbation method. The results obtained in this study indicate that the homotopy perturbation method is highly efficient to solve models of HIV infection of cells (T CD4+). Errors resulting from this method is so small that the solution obtained by is very close to the exact solution.
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