Judul: Aplikasi Bakteri Pengurai pada Frekuensi Berbedauntuk Mereduksi Limbah Organik dan Perbaikan Kualitas Air pada MediaPemeliharaan Udang
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efektivitas bakteri dengan frekuensi pemberian bakteri yang berbeda dalam mendekomposisi limbah organik dan perbaikan kualitas air pada media pemeliharaan udang. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2015 dalam skala laboratorium. Analisis dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) in time. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian bakteri dengan frekuensi 2, 3, dan 4 hari memberikan hasil yang baik untuk perbaikan kualitas air. Akan tetapi, tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil diantara ketiganya secara uji statistik. Oleh karena itu, dipilih frekuensi pemberian bakteri 4 hari untuk menghemat biaya pembelian bakteri.
Keyword: Bacteria, decomposition, water quality, nitrification, Bacteria, Organic waste, Shrimp culture, Bacilus sp, Rancangan acak lengkap

Judul: Pengaruh Salinitas Berbeda Terhadap Efektivitas Bakteri Pengurai Untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Air Media Pemeliharaan Udang
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh salinitas yang berbeda terhadap efektivitas bakteri pengurai dalam mendekomposisi limbah organik untuk meningkatkan kualitas air media pemeliharaan udang. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dalam skala laboratorium menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap in time dengan lima perlakuan, tiga ulangan dengan waktu pengamatan setiap tujuh hari selama 42 hari. Parameter yang diukur meliputi DO (Dissolved Oxygen), pH, suhu, salinitas, COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), amonia, nitrit, nitrat, dan jumlah koloni bakteri. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah koloni bakteri pada setiap pengamatan cenderung mengalami peningkatan. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa bakteri dapat tumbuh pada media salinitas yang berbeda. Pemberian bakteri pengurai pada media pemeliharaan salinitas 5, 10, 15, dan 20 ppt menunjukkan nilai COD, dan nitrat yang tidak berbeda. Meskipun demikian salinitas 20 ppt efektif dalam menekan peningkatan konsentrasi TAN. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan nilai pH pada salinitas 20 ppt berada pada kisaran yang sesuai bagi bakteri untuk proses nitrifikasi.
Keyword: bahan organik, bakteri pengurai, kualitas air, salinitas

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite