Judul: Potensi dan Tingkat Keragaman Hijauan Pakan Domestik Berdasarkan Ketinggian Kawasan dalam Mendukung Usaha Peternakan Sapi di Kabupaten Malang
Abstrak: Malang Regency has an area from the coast up to the mountains and became one of centers the cattle farm in East Java with the patterns of forage availability depending on natural grass. The aim of this experiment were to analyze the potential diversity, habitat vegetation and the characteristics of availability on different altitude of areas. This experiment used survey method and observation with descriptive analysis, composition of botany, and diversity analysis. The results showed that altitude of areas increased the capacity of grass cutting, granting of forage, land productivity, and forage species. The composition of forage in Bandungrejo village was predominantly Paspalum conjugatum Berg. 16.92%, in Ngembal village was Digitaria nuda Schuamcher. with 20.08%, and Gubug Klakah village was Ageratum conyzoides L. 20.43%. The similarity index between Bandungrejo and Ngembal villages was 31.58%, Ngembal and Gubug Klakah village as 27.91%, while Bandungrejo and Gubug Klakah village as 25.64%.
Keyword: forage diversity, composition of botany, cattle, altitude

Judul: Produktivitas Tenaga Pengarit dan Komposisi Hijauan Pakan Domestik di Peternakan Sapi Perah Pondok Ranggon, Kecamatan Cipayung, Jakarta Timur
Abstrak: Pondok Ranggon farm is one of the dairy farms in Jakarta where the pattern of availability forage depending on natural pastures. The aim of this experiment were to analyze labor productivity of grass seekers and to identify the composition of domestic forage in the dairy farm of Pondok Ranggon. This experiment used descriptive analysis, composition of botany and Nell and Rollinson method. The result showed that the capacity of grass seekers influenced by body weight, age and experience of cutting. The result showed, the highest capacity of cutting obtained by grass seekers in the age of 40 years old. Composition of forage consist of 52.63% grasses, 15.79% legumes and 31.58% rumbah. The most frequent type of grass that used were Imperata cylindrica (LINN.) P.Beauv., Pennisetum polystachyon (L.) Schult., and Panicum maximum Jacq. Type of legumes that often used was Calopogonium mucunoides Desv. and the types of rumbah that most commonly used were Asystasia coromodeliana Ness., Biden pilosa L. and Lantana camara L.
Keyword: legume, leaves, grass, cutting, composition of forage

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition