Judul: Kebutuhan protein itik lokal berdasarkan efisiensi penggunaan protein pada periode pertumbuhan
Abstrak: Perhitungan kebutuhan protein yang tepat dan efisien diupayakan untuk mencapai performans yang maksimal pada periode pertumbuhan. Dua penelitian telah dicobakan Pertama untuk menentukan nilai efisiensi penggunaan protein (EPP), kedua untuk menguji ransum berdasarkan nilai EPP yang diperoleh dari penelitian pertama dengan imbangan energi metabolis 2800 kilokalori/kg. Pada penelitian pertama digunakan rumus Scott (1982) untuk memperoleh efisiensi penggunaan protein. Sedangkan penelitian Lengkap, sembilan kedua yang dirancang dengan Rancangan Acak menggunakan empat macam perlakuan ransum, ulangan dengan masing-masing ulangan tiga ekor anak itik, pertama. Peubah bertujuan untuk menguji hasil penelitian yang diamati adalah, konsumsi ransum, pertambahan berat badan, konversi penggunaan ransum dan persentase karkas. ...
Keyword: 

Judul: Kebutuhan protein untuk hidup pokok dan pertumbuhan ayam petelur tipe medium : suatu studi kasus
Abstrak: Suatu studi kasus telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Unggas, Fakultas Pe ternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Dimulai dari tanggal 29 November 1983 sampai tanggal 15 Februari 1984. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati kebu- tuhan protein hidup pokok dan pertumbuhan ternak ayam petelur tipe medium yang sedang tumbuh untuk daerah yang beriklim tropis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 102 ekor anak ayam petelur tipe medium strain "Hisex Brown" umur sehari yang dibagi kedalam 8 petak kandang yang berukuran masing-masing 100x100x60 cm. Enam petak kandang masing-masing diisi 13 ekor ayam dan dua petak lainnya terdiri dari 12 ekor. Ransum percobaan mengandung 20.83% protein kasar dan 2914.94 kkal energi metabolis, yang penyusunan ransumnya berdasarkan tabel bahan makanan dari Scott et al. (1976). Kandungan protein dari bungkil kelapa dihitung berdasarkan tabel bahan makanan dari Lubis (1963). Ransum dan air minum setiap harinya diberikan secara ad libitum. Metoda perhitungan kebutuhan protein dipergunakan model Hurwitz et al. (1978). Peubah yang diukur selama penelitian meliputi bobot badan, konsumsi ransum, analisa kandungan protein tubuh dan protein metabolis. Ransum yang dianalisa ternyata mengandung 18.11 protein. Konsumsi ransum penelitian mendekati angka yang dike- mukakan oleh Scott et al. (1969), sedangkan bobot badan dan pertambahan bobot badan hasil penelitian lebih rendah. Konsumsi protein kasar rata-rata 7.30 ± 4.03 gram per ekor per hari dan protein metabolisnya 4.44 2.43 gram per ekor per hari dengan efisiensi penggunaan protein 60.33%. Kebutuhan protein menurut metoda Hurwitz et al. (1978) sebesar 3.47 1.47 gram per ekor per hari, menurut standar Scott et al. (1969) adalah 5.88 2.30 gram per ekor per hari dan hasil perhitungan berdasarkan protein tubuh adalah 4.44 gram per ekor per hari. Terbukti bahwa ransum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini kelebihan protein, sehingga terjadi proses glukoneo- genesis. Jadi penyusunan ransum di daeran tropis kadar protein minimal 16% dengan energi metabolis 2900 kkal per kg cukup bagi ayam petelur tipe medium periode pertumbuhan....
Keyword: 

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis