Judul: Estimating the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Stems Based on Acoustic-Based Nondestructive Testing in the Field
Abstrak: Bambu merupakan bahan biomassa yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pengganti kayu. Pengujian sifat mekanis bambu menjadi penting untuk mengetahui kekuatan bambu sebagai bahan baku konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik gelombang bunyi pada batang tanaman bambu dan batang bambu tebangan serta menduga sifat kekakuan lentur batang bambu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode nondestruktif berbasis akustik menggunakan alat Fakopp Microsecond Timer. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 15 batang bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) dan 15 batang bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik gelombang bunyi dapat dipengaruhi oleh jenis bambu, kondisi batang bambu, posisi transduser, posisi titik pengujian dan posisi aksial dengan signifikansi p<0,05. Nilai rata-rata velocity bambu tali > bambu betung, nilai rata-rata velocity pada kondisi batang bambu tebangan > batang tanaman bambu, nilai rata-rata velocity posisi transduser sejajar > berlawanan, nilai rata-rata velocity Buku-Buku > Ruas-Ruas > Ruas-Buku dan nilai rata-rata velocity posisi aksial ujung > tengah > pangkal. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai kecepatan gelombang bunyi dapat menduga nilai kekakuan lentur dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar R2 = 81,41%., Bamboo is a biomass material that can be used as a substitute for wood. Testing the mechanical properties of bamboo is important to determine the strength of bamboo as a construction raw material. This study aims to analyze the sound wave characteristics of bamboo plant culms and felled bamboo culms and to estimate the flexural stiffness properties of bamboo culms. The method used is an acoustic-based nondestructive method using the Fakopp Microsecond Timer tool. Research was conducted on 15 betung bamboo culms (Dendrocalamus asper) and 15 tali bamboo culms (Gigantochloa apus). The results showed that the sound wave characteristics can be influenced by the type of bamboo, the condition of the bamboo culm, the position of the transducer, the position of the testing point and the axial position with a significance of p<0,05. The average velocity value of bamboo tali > bamboo betung, the average velocity value in the condition of felled bamboo stems > bamboo plant stems, the average velocity value of transducer positions parallel > opposite, the average velocity value of Node-Node > Internode-Internode > Internode-Node and the average velocity value of axial positions tip > center > base. The statistical analysis shows that the sound wave velocity value can predict the bending stiffness value with a coefficient determination R2 = 81,41%.
Keyword: batang bambu, kecepatan gelombang bunyi, MOEd, nondestruktif

Judul: The Strength of Betung Bamboo to Withstand Normal Force Compression and Tension
Abstrak: Bambu merupakan hasil hutan yang multiguna yaitu bahan baku mebel, kerajinan, alat musik, dan konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur sifat mekanis bambu betung yaitu kekuatan tekan sejajar serat, tarik sejajar serat, dan tarik tegak lurus serat serta menganalisis nilai 5% batas bawahnya. Ukuran contoh uji dan pengujian sifat mekanis mengacu pada BS ISO 22157:2019. Pengujian tekan sejajar dan tarik tegak lurus serat menggunakan UTM SATEC/Baldwin sedangkan pengujian tarik sejajar serat menggunakan UTM Chun Yen. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi Easyfit 5.5 untuk mendapatkan nilai 5% batas bawah tiap pengujian. Rata-rata kuat tekan sejajar serat yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 53,0 N/mm², sedangkan nilai rata-rata kuat tarik sejajar sebesar 109 N/mm². Rata-rata kuat tarik tegak lurus dengan ukuran lubang uji 25 dan 40 mm sebesar 2,53 dan 1,19 N/mm², sedangkan nilai rata-rata MOE tekan dan MOE tarik sejajar serat yaitu sebesar 2674 dan 9542 N/mm². Nilai 5% batas bawah untuk kuat tekan sejajar serat sebesar 38,1 N/mm², tarik sejajar serat sebesar 61,8 N/mm², sedangkan untuk kuat tarik tegak lurus sebesar 0,60 N/mm². Nilai 5% batas bawah kuat tarik tegak lurus yang lemah, membuat bambu tidak disarankan untuk dimanfaatkan ke arah tegak lurus seratnya. Nilai 5% batas bawah MOE tekan dan MOE sejajar serat yang diperoleh sebesar 1105 dan 6076 N/mm². Kata kunci: betung, kekuatan, tarik, tekan, nilai estimasi, Bamboo is multifunctional forest products such as furnitures, crafts, music instruments, and construction material. This research aims to determine the mechanical properties of betung bamboo, specifically, compression strength parallel to fiber, tension strength parallel and perpendicular to fiber, and its 5% exclusion limit value. The sample size and mechanical properties testing refers to BS ISO 22157:2019. Compression and tension strength parallel to fiber tested using UTM SATEC/Baldwin while tension strength perpendicular to fiber tested using UTM Chun Yen. Data analysis used Easyfit 5.5 to obtain 5% exclusion limit value of each test. The average value of compression strength and tension strength parallel to fiber were 53,0 N/mm² and 109 N/mm², respectively. The average value of tension strength perpendicular to fiber for 25 and 40 mm testing hole were 2,53 and 1,19 N/mm², while average MOE value of compression and tension strength parallel to fiber were 2674 and 9542 N/mm², respectively. The 5% exclusion limit value of compression strength parallel to fiber was 38,1 N/mm², tension strength parallel to fiber 61,8 N/mm², and 0,60 N/mm² for tension strength in perpendicular grain. The 5% exclusion limit value of tension strength in perpendicular grain was too weak, and it makes bamboo is not recommended to use at this property. The 5% exclusion limit MOE value of compression and tension strength in parallel grain were 1105 and 6076 N/mm², respectively. Keyword: betung, compression, estimate value, strength, tension
Keyword: betung, compression, estimate value, strength, tension

Judul: Sarcosporidiasis in slaughter animals
Abstrak: Sarcocystis which belong to the generally occuring parasites for they are found almost all over the countries of the world. Infection of Sarcocystis usually throught inges- tion of feces or flesh of infected animals. The pathogenesis of Sarcosporidiasis is considered as benign but when the Sarcocystis die in a host, sarcocystin or sarcosporidin is liberated thereby which lead to condemnation of meat in the abattoir. Besides condemnation of meat, Sarcocystis also causes: loss of appetite, anemia, lameness, weakness in the lion, diarrhea, fever, pyrexia, paralysis, emaciation, neuro logical disturbances, etc. " Amprolium "at the rate of 100 mg/Kg body weight per day has been practiced for prevention or to minimize Sarco- sporidiasis. Treatment must be started during incubation period. Shedding of Sarcocystis sporocysts in the feces of carnivores is the key factor in the spread of Sarcocystis infection. Therefore, control efforts must be based primarily on measures designed to break the cycle of Sarcocystis.
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