Judul: Simulation of Biosensor Multienzyme Based Model
Abstrak: Pengukuran zat oleh biosensor multi enzim didasarkan pada reaksi kimia antara zat dengan enzim sehingga menghasilkan produk dan elektron yang ditangkap oleh elektroda pada biosensor. Laju reaksi kimia tersebut dipandang sebagai persamaan diferensial parsial. Persamaan tersebut diubah menjadi persamaan tak berdimensi untuk mengurangi kemungkinan kesalahan pada dimensi yang digunakan. Persamaan tak berdimensi tersebut diselesaikan menggunakan metode finite difference dengan bantuan perangkat lunak Matlab. Hasil dari solusi tersebut menggambarkan perubahan nilai konsentrasi dari setiap reagen pada reaksi kimia tersebut. Adapun untuk melihat pengaruh dari variabel yang ada terhadap perubahan nilai konsentrasi dari setiap reagen dilakukan analisis variasi variabel terhadap perubahan nilai konsentrasi dari setiap reagen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap reagen yang diukur dipengaruhi oleh konstanta reaksi yang merupakan sifat dari setiap reagen. Hasil tersebut juga memberikan gambaran perlu adanya penyesuaian ketebalan membran agar mendapatkan hasil pengukuran yang akurat dan efisien. Model simulasi biosensor multi enzim ini diharapkan dapat dikembangkan kembali dengan menambahkan hasil pengukuran berupa arus listrik yang dihasilkan oleh biosensor. Pengembangan tersebut diharapkan dapat menghasilkan biosensor yang lebih akurat dan efisien., Measurement of substances by multi-enzyme biosensors is based on chemical reactions between substances and enzymes so that products and electrons are captured by the electrodes on the biosensor. The rate of the chemical reaction is viewed as a partial differential equation. The equation is converted into a dimensionless equation to reduce the possibility of errors in the dimensions used. The dimensionless equation is solved using the finite difference method with the help of Matlab software. The result of the solution describes the change in the concentration value of each reagent in the chemical reaction. Meanwhile, to see the effect of the existing variables on changes in the concentration value of each reagent, an analysis of the variation of variables was carried out on changes in the concentration value of each reagent. The results showed that each measured reagent is influenced by the reaction constant which is the nature of each reagent. These results also illustrate the need for membrane thickness adjustments in order to obtain accurate and efficient measurement results. This multi-enzyme biosensor simulation model is expected to be redeveloped by adding measurement results in the form of electric current generated by the biosensor. This development is expected to produce more accurate and efficient biosensors.
Keyword: biosensor multi enzim, metode finite difference, persamaan diferensial parsial, reaksi kimia, multi-enzyme biosensor, finite difference method, partial differential equation, chemical reaction

Judul: One Enzyme Based Biosensor Model Simulation
Abstrak: Model matematika pada biosensor berbasis satu enzim didasarkan pada sistem dua persamaan difusi dan reaksi bergantung waktu yang menggambarkan mekanisme laju reaksi substrat dan produk yang sesuai dengan reaksi katalis Michaelis-Menten. Model tersebut digambarkan melalui bentuk persamaan diferensial parsial kemudian persamaan tersebut diubah dalam bentuk tak berdimensi dengan cara mereduksi parameter-parameter dari persamaan. Persamaan tersebut diselesaikan menggunakan metode beda hingga secara eksplisit dengan bantuan perangkat lunak MATLAB. Validasi hasil simulasi ditunjukkan oleh terjadinya proses kekekalan massa pada reaksi substrat dan produk. Hal ini juga membuktikan bahwa simulasi model biosensor ini sesuai dengan solusi analitik. Solusi numerik dari penelitian ini dapat menggambarkan konsentrasi substrat dan produk serta respons fluks arus di dalam lapisan enzimatik. Adapun perubahan nilai parameter-parameter dalam model tersebut dapat menyebabkan perubahan dalam proses laju difusi dan reaksi tersebut. Model biosensor berbasis satu enzim ini diharapkan dapat dikembangkan kembali dengan fokus pada jenis enzim dan analit tertentu. Nilai parameter-parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini dapat disempurnakan melalui eksperimen untuk lebih mengoptimalkan model ini., The mathematical model of the one-enzyme-based biosensor is based on a system of two diffusion equations and a time-dependent reaction that describes the reaction rate mechanism of the substrate and product according to the Michaelis- Menten catalyst reaction. The model is described in the form of a partial differential equation and then the equation is converted into a dimensionless form by reducing the parameters of the equation. The equation is solved using the finite difference method explicitly with the help of MATLAB software. The validation of the simulation results is shown by the occurrence of a mass conservation process in the reaction of the substrate and product. It also proves that the simulation of this biosensor model fits the analytical solution. The numerical solution of this research can describe the concentration of substrate and product as well as the current flux response in the enzymatic layer. The changes in the values of the parameters in the model can cause changes in the rate of diffusion and reaction processes. It is hoped that this one-enzyme-based biosensor model can be developed again with a focus on certain types of enzymes and analytes. The values of the parameters used in this study can be refined through experiments to further optimize this model.
Keyword: biosensor, enzim, metode beda hingga, biosensor, enzyme, finite difference method

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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