Judul: Determining the type of Solid-Waste Treatment Facility by Residential Typology Approach In Tangerang City
Abstrak: As long as waste management paradigm is still collect-transpot-dump patterned, the increase in the volume of waste will continue burdening the city due to the capacity limitation on final disposal area. This limitation makes the reduction in and waste management from the household, both at the individual and community level, becomes a necessity that needs to be expedited. One of the components that affect waste reduction efforts through an integrated waste management 3R is the availability of community-based waste management and community participation as a waste generator. The most important indicators of successful the 3Rs implementation is how to encourage a change in attitude and mindset of the people towards environmentally and sustainability of waste management. This study aims to formulate the provision of domestic waste treatment facility in accordance with the physical characteristics and the character of the people in the residential through: (1) identification of the residential typology in the city of Tangerang based on its waste management, (2) identify the dominant factors that influence the choice of waste management facilities, and (3) to formulate the priority of different types of solid-waste treatment facility based on residential typology. Analysis tools used include (1) spatial analysis through visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, (2) descriptive analysis of the community character in waste management, (3) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and (4) Multi-Criteria Decision Making ( MCDM) by Technique for Order Performance by Similiarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. In order to identify the residential typology used a combination of spatial analysis and descriptive analysis of the interviews and questionnaires were distributed to the residents. The result of this combination is 12 residential typology that describes the physical characteristics of the environment and character of the people that influential in waste management. Based on the results of AHP by stakeholders perception of the factors required under the general guidelines for community-based 3R waste management in residential areas, it was found that none of the factors very determinant for the waste management facilities choice, with a weight range between 8-17%. The priority type of solid-waste management facilities based on residential typology obtained with the aid of the MCDM-TOPSIS analysis. Based on the analysis we found that there are 6 groups of residentials were grouped according to the type of waste treatment facility priority.
Keyword: AHP, MCDM-TOPSIS, 3R waste management, waste treatment facilities, residential typology

Judul: Formulasi kebijakan sistem pengolahan sampah perkotaan berkelanjutan
Abstrak: Solid waste is still considered as worthless goods, so that it is still causing many problems. The purpose of this study is to formulate a sustainable urban waste management policy. The study was conducted in DKI Jakarta. The research is devided into four stages of analyses which include the availability and needed of land for a solid waste treatment, waste treatment technology optimization analysis of environmentally friendly, multi-criteria evaluation and policy analysis. Indonesia has many waste management policy, but not synergize together and not yet operational. Solid Waste management in DKI Jakarta has led to efforts to minimize waste, and waste reduction programs integrated between recycling, composting, combustion (incineration) and waste disposal system with a system of sanitary landfills, and will be pursued to zero waste program. DKI Jakarta needs to improve management efficiency and improved quality of service to the community, one with separation of regulator and operator functions, but managed by one institution to improve its performance and to cover the financing gap, ideally to cooperate with the private sector. The result of regression analysis shows a significant effect of economic growth in waste generation and characteristics. Increased in prosperity will increase the amount of inorganic waste, and lower amount of organic waste. Increased inorganic waste will increase the calorie content which is more beneficial if done with incinerator waste to energy (WTE), while providing the understanding that the waste is a resource that can be utilized as an energy alternative to electricity. Production of electricity from WTE incinerator is influenced by the calorie content, and type of waste. WTE incinerators have the advantage in processing speed and the required land area, but WTE incinerator required high initial investment. The result of CBA analysis shows that WTE incinerator is more expensive, but it is the most cost effective in the long term (25 years). The variables have a very strong influence on the cost of processing waste is waste transportation costs. In the context of environmental, sanitary landfill waste treatment system, which is placed far away from services area, can lead to a much larger greenhouse gases and generate leachate. The existence of designated land use and changes that are uncontrolled by DKI Jakarta complicate the placement of garbage processing unit. WTE technology or HRC which indoor system is more acceptable to local communities, compared to the open SLF. Incinerator technology is more efficient for processing large scale with a capacity of more than 500 tons / day, with the optimal point on the capacity of 3000 tons / day, which is supported by segregation. Organic waste treatment system is most optimal at high-rate composting system (HRC). WTE processing unit and HRC, should be placed in administrative of DKI. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the government would buy in a good price the electricity production and energy from solid waste, will raise the level of feasibility WTE incinerator system. Implementation of WTE incinerator technology, need to involve the private sector.
Keyword: High-Rate Composting (HRC), Sanitary Landfill

Judul: Peranan unsur kalsium serta hubungannya dengan " demam susu" pada sapi perah
Abstrak: Demam susu atau "parturient paresis" adalah penyakit yang secara primer sering menyerang sapi perah yang tengah atau baru saja melahirkan anaknya. Penyakit ini merupakan suatu bentuk kekacauan metabolisme kalsium. Dalam hal ini hewan-hewan penderita adalah sapi-sapi perah yang tak mampu memenuhi tuntutan tubuhnya ter hadap kebutuhan akan kalsium yang begitu memuncak pada awal masa laktasi. Sapi-sapi perah yang rentan umumnya sudah mengalami masa laktasi 3 4 kali. Ditambah dengan adanya faktor predisposisi, yaitu metabolisme tulang yang makin melambat karena hewan bertambah tua dan penyerapan kalsium dari makanan yang terganggu. Kadar kalsium plasma hewan pada saat itu jauh dibawah kadar normalnya, dan hal itu akan mengakibatkan serangkaian gejala klinis penyakit yang khas. Karena kalsium berperan antara lain pada kontraksi urat daging/otot dan pada pemindahan impuls saraf, maka menurunnya kadar mineral ini dalam darah (hipokalsemia) akan menimbulkan gangguan saraf dan Hipokalsemia yang disertai dengan hipomagnesemia akan menimbulkan gejala tetani. Sedang pada hewan dengan kadar magnesium dalam darah normal atau sedikit lebih tinggi (hipermagnesemia relatif) gejala tetani akibat hipokalsemia akan segera diikuti dengan adanya kelemahan otot (relaksasi otot). Hipokalsemia yang dibiarkan berlarut-larut akan menimbulkan kematian hewan ternak karena peranan unsur kalsium yang demikian penting dalam tubuh. Pencegahan demam susu ditempuh dengan cara pengaturan pakan yang baik, yaitu dengan menghindari masukan kalsium berlebihan terutama pada masa kering kandang dan kadar fosfor(P) yang cukup sesuai kebutuhan.
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