Judul: The Growth Performance of Rhizophora apiculata Blume Seedlings Using Cut-Propagule Method
Abstrak: Penurunan luas hutan mangrove Indonesia yang tinggi membutuhkan upaya rehabilitasi yang efektif dan efisien. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan adalah pemanfaatan Rhizophora apiculata sebagai jenis mangrove yang adaptif dan cepat tumbuh serta metode pembibitan stek propagul untuk mempercepat perbanyakan tanaman. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kinerja pertumbuhan propagul R. apiculata dengan berbagai perlakuan stek propagul, media semai, dan pemberian zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT), serta menentukan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik untuk pertumbuhan R. apiculata. Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan di rumah kaca dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Interaksi semua faktor perlakuan (AxBxC) hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertambahan jumlah daun R. apiculata. Propagul lengkap dan propagul stek bagian bawah dengan kombinasi media semai lumpur+pasir dan ZPT 10.000 ppm (a0b1c1 dan a2b1c1) menghasilkan nilai terbaik pada pertumbuhan R.apiculata. Metode semai stek propagul R.apiculata dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif perbanyakan vegetatif massal dalam kegiatan rehabilitasi mangrove., A high decrease in the size of Indonesia's mangrove forests requires effective and efficient rehabilitation efforts. One of the efforts is the use of Rhizophora apiculata as the adaptive and fast-growing mangrove species and its cut-propagule seedling method for accelerating plant propagation. The objectives of this study were to analyze the growth performance of R. apiculata propagules with various treatments of propagule cutting, seedling media, and giving growth regulators (PGR), as well as to determine the best combination of treatment for the growth of R. apiculata. An experimental study was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized design with 3 factors and 3 replications. Interaction of all treatment factors (AxBxC) only had a significant effect on the increase in the number of leaves of R. apiculata. Complete propagules and the lower part of cutting propagules with a combination of mud+sand seedling media and 10 000 ppm PGR (a0b1c1 and a2b1c1) resulted in the best value on the growth of R.apiculata. Cut-propagule seedling method of R.apiculata can be used as an alternative to mass vegetative reproduction in mangrove rehabilitation activity.
Keyword: Mangrove, cutting propagule, Rhizophora apiculata, vegetative reproduction

Judul: Pengaruh media simpan, ruang simpan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap viabilitas Propagul Rhizophora mucronata
Abstrak: The potention of mangrove forests in Indonesia has been decreasing. Therefore, rehabilitation is necessary in order to maintain sustainability of forest ecosystems. One of the efforts is the replanting of mangrove forest. The success of planting depends on the availability of seed. Seeds can not be obtained any time if needed so that storage seed is necessary for seed viability can be maintained within a certain time period until the time of planting arrives. The problem has been arise because of Rhizophora mucronata is a recalcitrant seed, which is at certain moisture content that relatively high, the propagule tend to be easy to germinate and if the moisture content is low, the propagule will be die or loss of their viability. This study aims to investigate the influence of storage media, storage room and time of storage on propagules viability of Rhizophora mucronata and to compare the germination from the rapid test (cutting test) with the germination from the direct test. This study used a factorial experiment with completely randomized design (CRD) factorial 5x2x2 with 3 replicates. The details of the factors are: factor A (time of storage) consists of A0 (0 weeks), A1 (1 week), A2 (2 weeks), A3 (3 weeks), and A4 (4 weeks); factor B (storage room) consists of B1 (AC room) and B2 (living room); and factor C (storage media) consists of C1 (sawdust) and C2 (coconut husk). Working procedures of this study consist of the preparation phase (the container store, room storage, storage media and germination media), collecting of propagule, propagule selection, storage of propagule, propagule cutting test, seeding propagule, maintenance and retrieval of data. The data collected is the result of cutting test from propagule, the percentage of rooted propagule (PB), moisture content (MC), germination (DB), germination value (NP), the growth rates (KT), shoot and root ratio (NPA). Based on these results, the influence of interaction between storage time, storage room and storage media caused significant differences on germination propagule R. mucronata. The influence of interaction between storage time and storage room caused significant differences to the percent of rooted from propagule R. mucronata. The influence of storage time and storage media caused significant differences in seedling roots to shoot ratio of R. mucronata. In this study, coconut husk media storage that is placed in the air conditioner room capable to maintaining the viability of propagule R. mucronata until the time of storage for 4 weeks. The result of estimation methods viability propagule R. mucronata with cutting test is relatively similar with the directly propagul germination test results.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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