Judul: Imobilisasi Pb Menggunakan Desulfotomaculum orientis ICBB 1220 dan 1204 dalaln Media Kompos
Abstrak: Bakteri Pereduksi Sulfat (BPS) dapat dimanfaatkan untuk mengendalikan pencemaran logam melalui pembentukan endapan sulfida-logam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kemampuan BPS spesies Desulfotomaculum orientis.Yang diisolasi dari Ekosistem Air Hitam, Kalimantan Tengah dalam mereduksi sulht, mengendapkan timbal (Pb) dan meningkatkan pH limbah cair industri serta menetapkan dosis optimum penggunaan kompos sebagai pengganti media standar Na-laktat.
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Judul: Imobilisasi logam berat kromium pada berbagai konsentrasi sulfat dengan Desulfotomaculum orientis ICBB 1204
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kemampuan BPS dalam meningkatkan pH serta mengendapkan logam berat kromium pada limbah pelapisan logam. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar sulfat maksimum yang dapat ditoleransi oleh BPS urtuk menjalankan aktivitasnya dalam mengendapkan logam berat kromium pada limbah pelapisan logam. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Bioteknologi Lingkungan, Pusat Penelitian Lingkungan Hidup (PPLH) IPB Darmaga pada bulan Maret 2003 hingga bulan November 2003. Untuk mengetahui kemampuan BPS ICBB 1204 dalam meningkatkan pH, mengendapkan logam berat dan mentoleransi kadar sulfat maksimum untuk menjalankan aktivitasnya, dilakukan pengujian dalam kondisi anaerob. BPS ICBB 1204 ditumbuhkan dalam botol 500 ml yang telah berisi media Posgate B, limbah kromium dan sulfat pada berbagai tingkat konsentrasi (8000, 10000, 12000, 16000, 22000 ppm), kemudian ditutup rapat agar tercipta suasana anaerob. Penetapan pH, kadar kromium dan sulfat serta kerapatan optik dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 7, 14, 21, 28 dan 35 inkubasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi BPS Desulfotomaculu orientis ICBB 1204 dapat meningkatkan pH limbah hingga mencapai nilai 5 dan mereduksi konsentrasi logam berat kromium hingga 99%. Kadar sulfat maksimum yang dapat ditoleransi oleh BPS adalah 12000 ppm. Pada konsentrasi sulfat yang lebih tinggi bakteri membutuhkan waktu adaptasi yang lebih lama. Waktu efisien bakteri dalam melakukan aktivitasnya adalah 21 hari.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite