Judul: The Effect of Cayenne Pepper Prices and Other Determinants on the Spillover Effect of Regional Inflation Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan adanya guncangan pada indikator makroekonomi yaitu inflasi. Di sisi lain pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan trade shock tinggi pada tanaman hortikultura sebesar 8,16 persen. Cabai rawit sebagai komoditas hortikultura sekaligus pangan terdampak yang memiliki fluktuasi harga tinggi dibuktikan dengan koefisien keragaman sebesar 66,91 persen. Fluktuasi harga cabai rawit memengaruhi indikator makroekonomi yaitu inflasi. Pengendalian inflasi dibutuhkan untuk menjaga stabilitas perekonomian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan inflasi regional dari sisi moneter yaitu suku bunga kredit dan kredit UMKM serta non moneter yaitu harga cabai rawit, upah minimum provinsi, infrastuktur dan pandemi Covid-19 terhadap inflasi regional. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh interaksi spasial terhadap spillover effect inflasi regional. Penelitian menggunakan data bulanan dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia dengan periode 2018-2021 serta dianalisis menggunakan metode panel spasial dengan model terbaik Spatial Autoregressive (SAR). Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa variabel harga cabai rawit dan upah minimum provinsi berpengaruh positif terhadap inflasi regional. Variabel suku bunga kredit, kredit UMKM, dan pandemi Covid-19 berpengaruh negatif terhadap inflasi regional. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya interaksi spasial antar provinsi yang bertetangga mempengaruhi tingkat inflasi regional suatu wilayah yang menyebabkan spillover effect inflasi regional., The Covid-19 pandemic has caused shocks to macroeconomic indicators, namely inflation. The Covid-19 pandemic caused a high trade shock in horticultural crops, 8.16 percent. Cayenne pepper as a horticultural commodity with high price fluctuations is evidenced by the coefficient of variance, 66.91 percent. Fluctuations in the price of cayenne pepper affect inflation. Inflation control is needed to maintain economic stability. This study aims to determine the determinants of regional inflation from the monetary side, namely credit rate and MSME loans. Non-monetary side, cayenne pepper price, the provincial minimum wage, infrastructure and the Covid-19 pandemic on regional inflation. This study also aims to analyze the effect of spatial interaction on the spillover effect of regional inflation. This study uses data from 34 provinces in Indonesia for 2018-2021 and is analyzed using the spatial panel method with the best model Spatial Autoregressive. The results showed that cayenne pepper price and the provincial minimum wage positively affected regional inflation. Credit rates, MSME loans, and the Covid-19 pandemic negatively affected regional inflation. The results also show that spatial interaction between neighbouring provinces affects a region's regional inflation rate which causes a spillover effect of regional inflation.
Keyword: Cayenne Pepper Prices, Covid-19, Inflation, Spatial Panel, Spillover Effect

Judul: The Effect of Rice Prices and Other Determinants on the Spillover Effect of Inflation Between Provincial Capitals in Indonesia
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak pada perubahan keseimbangan permintaan dan penawaran agregat pada komoditas pangan strategis sehingga menyebabkan fluktuasi harga sehingga mempengaruhi tingkat inflasi yang merupakan indakator kestabilan perekonomian negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh interaksi spasial harga beras dan determinan lain seperti upah minimum provinsi, suku bunga kredit, kredit UMKM dan pandemi Covid-19 terhadap inflasi di 34 ibu kota provinsi di Indonesia. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menganalisis keterkaitan spillover effect inflasi antar 34 ibu kota provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis panel spasial dengan tahun penelitian yaitu 2018-2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi spasial yang positif dan keterkaitan spillover effect inflasi yang signifikan. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi harga beras (positif signifikan), upah minimum provinsi (negatif signifikan), suku bunga kredit (negatif signifikan), kredit UMKM (negatif signifikan) dan faktor eksternal pandemi Covid-19 (negatif signifikan), terhadap interaksi spasial dan keterkaitan spillover effect inflasi di 34 ibu kota provinsi di Indonesia., The Covid-19 pandemic has an impact on changes in the balance of aggregate demand and supply for strategic food commodities, causing price fluctuations that affect the inflation rate which is the stability of the country's economy. This study aims to see the effect of the spatial interaction of rice prices and other determinations such as the provincial minimum wage, loan interest rates, MSME loans and the Covid-19 pandemic on inflation in 34 provincial capital cities in Indonesia. In addition, this study also analyzes the correlation between the spillover effects of inflation among 34 provincial capital cities in Indonesia. This study uses spatial panel analysis with the research year 2018-2021. The results showed that there was a positive spatial interaction and a significant correlation between the spillover effect of inflation. Based on the estimated rice price (significantly positive), the provincial minimum wage (significantly negative), loan interest rates (significantly negative), MSME credit (significantly negative) and the external factors of the Covid-19 pandemic (significantly negative), on spatial interactions and spillover linkages of influence inflation in 34 provincial capital cities in Indonesia.
Keyword: Inflation, Rice Prices, SAR, Spatial Panels, Spillover Effect

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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