Judul: Hubungan Pola Interaksi dengan Motif Penyalahgunaan Narkotika, Psikotropika, dan Zat Adiktif (Napza) Di Kalangan Remaja
Abstrak: Indonesia has a fairly long history on the issue of child and adolescent delinquency that has now entered the critical points. One of the worrying problem is the case of drug abuse (narcotics, psychotropic and addictive substances). This study aimed to describe the individual characteristics and family characteristics, patterns of interaction adolescent drug abusers, analyze motives drug abuse, as well as analyzing the interaction patterns of relationship with drug abuse patterns. This study examines two patterns of adolescent drug abusers, there are the family interaction patterns and friendship interaction pattern. The results showed that both family interaction patterns and interaction patterns of friendship has a relationship with drug abuse patterns.
Keyword: motifs of drug abuse, patterns of interaction, drug

Judul: Pengaruh pengasuhan orangtua dan teman sebaya terhadap perilaku konsumsi Napza pada remaja
Abstrak: Perilaku konsumsi narkotika, alkohol, psikotropika, dan zat adiktif atau biasa di sebut dengan napza sudah sangat mengkhawatirkan di Indonesia, khususnya pada kalangan remaja. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh gaya pengasuhan orang tua dan teman sebaya terhadap perilaku konsumsi napza pada remaja. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas sepuluh dan sebelas SMK X di Kota Bogor, dan melibatkan 61 contoh menggunakan purposive sampling dengan karakteristik yang pernah mengkonsumsi napza. Hasil penelitian frekuensi pengkonsumsian napza remaja berada pada kategori kurang dari satu kali dalam satu minggu, dengan proporsi terbesar jenis napza yang sering dikonsumsi adalah alkohol dan ganja. Hasil penelitian menunjukan lebih dari separuh (52.46%) ayah menerapkan gaya pengasuhan permisif, sedangkan lebih dari separuh ibu (63.93%) menerapkan gaya pengasuhan otoritatif. Hasil uji regresi menunjukan gaya pengasuhan otoritatif ayah berpengaruh positif terhadap perilaku konsumsi napza pada contoh. Pengaruh positif lain pada pengkonsumsian napza juga datang dari kedekatan teman sebaya. Sementara itu, gaya pengasuhan otoriter ibu berpengaruh negatif pada perilaku itu., Consumption behavior of narcotics, alcohol, psychotropic and addictive substance or commonly called drugs is very worrying in Indonesia, especially on adolescent. This study aimed to analyze the influence of parenting styles and peer groups on drugs consumption of adolescent behavior. The population of this study were students of class ten and eleven of SMK X in Bogor City, and involved 61 sample’s taken purposively with characteris tic have ever consumed drugs. Result showed drugs consumption frequency was on less than once in a week category, with highest proportion of most frequent drugs were alcohol and marijuana. Result showed that more than half of sample’s fathers applied permissive parenting, whereas more than half of sample’s mothers applied authoritative parenting style. Regression analysis discovered father’s authoritative parenting style positively effected on sample’s drugs consumption. Another positive influence on drugs consumption also came from peers. Meanwhile, mother’s authoritarian parenting style negatively influenced on that behavior.
Keyword: Gaya Pengasuhan, Napza, Teman Sebaya

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable