Judul: Aspek tehnis dan ekonomis dari pemilikan traktor di Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Introduksi tenaga mekanis traktor di daerah padat penduduk seperti di Java Brat, sampai saat ini masih merupakan bahan perdebatan yang kontraversil. Beberapa peneliti mengatakan bahwa traktorisasi akan mengakibatkan pengangguran karena tenaga traktor akan menggeser dan menggantikan tenaga kerja buruh, oleh karena itu traktorisasi hendaknya jangan dikembangkan di daerah-daerah padat tenaga kerja. Sebagian peneliti lain berpendapat bahwa mekanisasi tidak akan mengakibatkan pengangguran tapi sebaliknya akan menambah kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan melalui adanya peningkatan dalam intensitas dan pola tanam. Penelitian ini menelaah aspek tehnis dan ekonomis dari pemilikan dan pengoperasian traktor, terutama mengenai tingkat keuntungan yang diperoleh dari pemilikan traktor, serta hambatan tehnis yang dihadapi yang dapat mempenga- ruhi tingkat keuntungan pemilikan dan pengoperasian traktor. dst ...
Keyword: Tractor economics;, Land use;, Tractor management;, Bogor Agricultural University;

Judul: Optimisasi Kebutuhan Traktor Tangan di Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Penggunaan tenaga traktor merupakan teknologi yang kontroversial . Eeberapa peneliti mengatakan bahwa mekanisasi pertanian menimbulkan pengangguran di daerah berpenduduk padat. Tetapi bila tenaga kerja yang ada tidak mencukupi untuk mengoptimumkan penggunaan lahan, maka benggunaan traktor diharapkan akan dapat meningkatkan intensitas tanam. Dengan peningkatan intensitas tanam maka penggunaan tenaga kerja per satuan vsaktu akan meningkat. Agar tidak menimbulkan pengangguran, maka penggunaan traktor harus selektif baik daerahnya maupun macam kegiatannya.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell