Judul: Correlation of Water Level with Hotspots as Indicator of Peatland Fires in Kubu Raya Regency, West Kalimantan
Abstrak: Kubu Raya merupakan salah satu Kabupaten di Kalimantan Barat yang sering terjadi kebakaran hutan dan lahan setiap musim kemarau karena didominasi lahan gambut yang rentan terbakar. Parameter kunci dalam pengelolaan gambut yaitu tinggi muka air (TMA). Penurunan TMA menyebabkan kelembaban gambut menurun sehingga menjadi kering dan mudah terbakar saat bulan kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi hotspot dengan curah hujan, hotspot dengan TMA, dan curah hujan dengan TMA. Penelitian ini menggunakan data curah hujan harian dari BMKG, data hotspot dari MODIS LAPAN, serta data TMA dari Badan Restorasi Gambut. Analisis data melalui uji korelasi bivariate menggunakan SPSS. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 564 hotspot di Kabupaten Kubu Raya periode Februari 2019 hingga Februari 2020. Uji menunjukkan curah hujan dengan hotspot tidak memiliki korelasi namun memiliki arah korelasi negatif, bahwa penurunan curah hujan diikuti kenaikan hotspot. Uji korelasi curah hujan dengan TMA memiliki korelasi rendah dengan arah positif, bahwa kenaikan curah hujan diikuti kenaikan TMA. Sementara itu tidak ditemukan korelasi antara TMA dengan hotspot Kecamatan Sungai Ambawang dan Sungai Raya., Kubu Raya is one of the regencies in West Kalimantan that often occurs forest and land fires every dry season because it is dominated by peatlands that are vulnerable to burning. A key parameter in peat management is water level (TMA). The decrease in TMA causes peat moisture to decrease so that it becomes dry and flammable during the dry month. This study aims to analyze the correlation of hotspots with rainfall, hotspots with TMA, and precipitation with TMA. This study used daily rainfall data from BMKG, hotspot data from MODIS LAPAN, as well as TMA data from peat restoration agency. Data analysis through bivariate correlation test using SPSS. The results of the study found 564 hotspots in Kubu Raya Regency in the period February 2019 to February 2020. Tests showed rainfall with hotspots had no correlation but had a negative correlation direction, that decreased rainfall followed by a rise in hotspots. The rainfall correlation test with TMA has a low correlation with the positive direction, that the increase in rainfall followed by the increase in TMA. Meanwhile, there was no correlation between TMA and hotspots in Sungai Ambawang and Sungai Raya subdistricts.
Keyword: curah hujan, Sungai Ambawang, Sungai Raya, TMA

Judul: Distribution of Hotspots as an Indicator of Forest and Land Fires in Various Land Covers in Kutai Kartanegara Regency, East Kalimantan
Abstrak: Kalimantan Timur selama lima tahun terakhir yaitu tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2020 mengalami kebakaran hutan dan lahan, khususnya di beberapa Kabupaten. Salah satu kabupaten yang memiliki titik panas (hotspot) terbanyak yaitu Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi sebaran spasial titik panas dan menganalisis hubungan curah hujan dengan titik panas sebagai indikator terjadinya kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara tahun 2019–2020. Data titik panas yang digunakan diperoleh dari FIRMS, Data tutupan lahan dari KLHK, data adminitrasi Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara dan data curah hujan dari Badan Pusat Statistika. Data yang diperoleh diolah dengan aplikasi Arcgis 10.3, Microsoft excel dan MINITAB 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan titik panas yang terdeteksi pada tahun 2019 hingga tahun 2020 di Kabupaten Kutai Kartanegara mencapai 5.323 titik panas. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan paling banyak terjadi pada tutupan lahan belukar dan belukar rawa. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan tahun 2019 diduga karena terjadi anomali iklim yang menyebabkan curah hujan lebih rendah. Hasil uji korelasi curah hujan dan titik panas memiliki korelasi negatif, yaitu penurunan curah hujan diikuti dengan kenaikan titik panas., East Kalimantan for the last five years, from 2016 to 2020, experienced forest and land fires, especially in several districts. One of the regencies that has the most hotspots is Kutai Kartanegara Regency. This study aims to identify the spatial distribution of hotspots and analyze the relationship between rainfall and hotspots as an indicator of forest and land fires in the Kutai Kartanegara Regency in 2019–2020. The hotspot data used was obtained from FIRMS, land cover data from the Ministry of Environment and Forestry, administrative data from Kutai Kartanegara Regency, and rainfall data from the Central Statistics Agency. The data obtained were processed using the Arcgis 10.3 application, Microsoft excel, and MINITAB 18. The results showed that the hotspots detected in 2019 to 2020 in Kutai Kartanegara Regency reached 5,323 hotspots. Most forest and land fires occur in scrub and swamp cover. The forest and land fires in 2019 were thought to be due to a climate anomaly that caused lower rainfall. The results of the correlation test between rainfall and hotspots have a negative correlation, namely a decrease in rainfall followed by an increase in hotspots.
Keyword: fire, hotspot, Kutai Kartanegara, landcover, rainfall

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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