Judul: Penggabungan Dimensi Fraktal dan Kode Fraktal untuk Identifikasi Tumbuhan Obat Indonesia Menggunakan Probabilistic Neural Network
Abstrak: This research proposed a new method to identify Indonesia medicinal plants using fractal dimension (FD) and fractal code (FC) using Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). This research investigates the effectiveness of fusion of FD and FC in order to identify Indonesia medicinal plants. FD is measured by Box Counting method. FD has non-integer value that represents the self-similarity of fractal. FC is based on the self-similarity in a picture. It means that small pieces of the picture can be approximated by transformed versions of some other (larger) pieces of the picture. The fusion of FD and FC is done by using vector fusion and Product Decision Rule (PDR). The total medicinal plants used in this research are 20 species taken from Biofarmaka Farm, Cikabayan and Green House Center Ex-Situ Conservation of Medicinal Plants Indonesia Tropical Forest. Each species consists of 30 images, thus the total images used in this research are 600 images. The PNN is trained using 450 images to classify 20 kinds of plants. The experimental results shows that fractal dimension has an accuracy rate of 57%, fractal code 21%, vector fusion 58%, and PDR 58%. The experimental result also shows that fractal fusion is not necessary because the fractal dimension has significant information compared to the fractal code.
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Judul: Ekstraksi Daun Menggunakan Dimensi Fraktal untuk Identifikasi Tumbuhan Obat di Indonesia
Abstrak: Identification medicinal plant species automatically still be a problem for recognizing various kind of medicinal plants in Indonesia. This research proposes a method for identifying a medicinal plant using Fractal Dimension and Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN). Fractal geometry offers an approach for the extraction of image which has the advantages in describing natural objects like leaves of medicinal plants. This is different from Euclidean geometry approaches that have been used to measure regular and symmetrical objects while the objects around us have an irregular shape. In this research, fractal dimension measured by Box Counting method. Fractal dimension has non-integer value that represent the self similarity of fractal. Identification results using Probabilistic Neural Network produces an accuracy of 67% and the results with showing the three classes that have the highest probability has the accuracy of 86.19%. Hence, the propose system is promising for medicinal plants identification in Indonesia.
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Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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