Judul: Aplikasi Kalium Permanganat sebagai Oksidan Etilen dalam Penyimpanan Buah Pepaya IPB Callina.
Abstrak: Papaya is a climacteric fruit that have good nutrient content. The main problem in papaya fruit postharvest is short shelf life so it needs postharvest handling to increase fruit shelf life. Pottasium permanganate (KMnO4) can extend shelf life by oxidize ethylene that released by fruit. Ethylene oxidant treatment was assumed can extend fruit shelf life. The research aims to obtain right dosage of ethylene oxidant in storage of IPB Callina papaya fruit and to study inhibition of respiration by ethylene oxidant treatment. The fruits were harvested at green ripe stage. The experiment was conducted in one factor completely randomized block design that blocked depend on harvest date. The treatment that given was dosage of ethylene oxidant: 0 g (control), 15 g, 30 g and 45 g for one papaya fruit. The results of this research indicated that 15 g and 30 g of ethylene oxidant could delay climacteric respiration of IPB Callina papaya. Fruits with 0 g, 15 g, and 30 g of ethylene oxidant treatment reached peak of respiration rate at 8 days of storage. The peak of respiration rate in the fruit with ethylene oxidant treatment lasted for 2 days, while the fruits without ethylene oxidant straight decreased. Ethylene oxidant treatment had not been able to extend shelf life and did not affect the physical and chemical character of papaya fruit at same postharvest maturity stages.
Keyword: shelf life, ripening, respiration rate, postharvest, climacteric

Judul: Penggunaan Kalium Permanganat sebagai Oksidan Etilen untuk Memperpanjang Daya Simpan Pisang Raja Bulu
Abstrak: Banana is a climacteric fruit which has an advance rate of respiration. The increasing of respiration rate in the ripening process is triggered by emission of ethylene in autocatalytic. The respiration rate of the banana can be inhibited by deactivated the ethylene using chemical treatments, such as KMnO4. The aim of this study are to study the inhibition of Raja Bulu banana respiration rate during storage using KMnO4 and have KMnO4 concentration to extend the shelf-life of Raja Bulu banana. This study was conducted during a month since from February until March 2013 at Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. The experimental design was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 treatments and 5 replications, which were KMnO4 7.5%, 15%, 22.5%, and control (without KMnO4). Collected data was analyzed using F test method and if the treatments result showed a significantly affect was analyzed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) test method. Parameters measured was the respiration rate, peel color index, shelf-life, weight reduction, edible part, rind firmness, total soluble solids, total titratable acids, and vitamin C. The results showed that the use KMnO4 of 7.5%, 15%, and 22.5% can inhibited the respiration rate of banana during storage so that suspend the peak of the climacteric Raja Bulu banana 1-2 days compared to control. The use KMnO4 of 7.5%, 15%, and 22.5% was not affect the quality of the physical and chemical of Raja Bulu banana
Keyword: ripening, respiration rate, postharvest, climacteric

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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