Judul: Morphological and physiological responses of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L) to intercropping with cassava (Manihot esculanta Crantz)
Abstrak: Cassava is one of the most important commodities in the world, as a source of food needed by the community because it contains many nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium and magnesium. Cassava is a long-lived crop with slow growth, so the selection of intercrops in the form of legumes with short harvest days is needed. Cowpea is a type of legume that is widely developed because it contains high protein. Planting two crops with intercropping system can be done by adjusting the planting distance. The purpose of this research was to study the morphological and physiological responses of growth and yield of cassava variety "Mangu" in intercropping system of several cowpea varieties "Albina and Uno", and to study the growth and production of 2 cowpea varieties in intercropping system. The research was conducted from January to June 2023 at IPB Experimental Farm, Sawahbaru, Dramaga, Bogor. The research used a randomized complete block design with a single factor, namely the intercropping system pattern 1:2 is 1 row of cassava with 2 rows of cowpea, and 1:3 is 1 row of cassava with 3 rows of cowpea, consisting of Mangu and Uno 1:2, Mangu and Uno 1:3, Mangu and Albina 1:2, Mangu and Albina 1:3. Mangu monoculture. Uno monoculture. Albina monoculture with 4 replications and there were 28 experimental units. The results showed that P3 planting system gave the highest yield in crown height at 1,5,6 MAP, the highest canopy diameter at 4 MAP, tuber production, and 100-seed weight of cowpea. P4 gave the highest results in stem diameter, number of leaves, starch content, number of pods, pod dry weight, and seed dry weight at 9 MAP. The highest LER in this intercropping was found in 1:3 ubi kayu (Mangu) + Kacang tunggak (Uno), dan 1:2 ubi kayu (Mangu) + Kacang tunggak (Uno). The intercropping system suppressed weed growth at 2 BST along with the development of a wide canopy of cassava and cowpea plants that covered the soil surface., Cassava is one of the most important commodities in the world, as a source of food needed by the community because it contains many nutrients such as carbohydrates, protein, fat, calcium and magnesium. Cassava is a long-lived crop with slow growth, so the selection of intercrops in the form of legumes with short harvest days is needed. Cowpea is a type of legume that is widely developed because it contains high protein. Planting two crops with intercropping system can be done by adjusting the planting distance. The purpose of this research was to study the morphological and physiological responses of growth and yield of cassava variety "Mangu" in intercropping system of several cowpea varieties "Albina and Uno", and to study the growth and production of 2 cowpea varieties in intercropping system. The research was conducted from January to June 2023 at IPB Experimental Farm, Sawahbaru, Dramaga, Bogor. The research used a randomized complete block design with a single factor, namely the intercropping system pattern 1:2 is 1 row of cassava with 2 rows of cowpea, and 1:3 is 1 row of cassava
Keyword: mangu, albina, uno, sistem tanam, pati

Judul: Response two varieties of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) to different irrigation level on growth and yield
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan tingkat kebutuhan air terbaik pada pertumbuhan dan produksi dua varietas kacang tunggak. Rancangan penelitian tersusun secara acak kelompok dengan dua faktor dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis varietas yang terdiri dari 2 taraf yaitu varietas Albina dan varietas Uno. Faktor kedua adalah tingkat volume irigasi berdasarkan evaporasi panci (Eo) yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu 0.75 Eo, 1.50 Eo, 2.25 Eo, dan 3,0 Eo. Interaksi antara volume irigasi dan jenis mulsa meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, Volume irigasi dan jenis varietas mempengaruhi tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot kering, bobot basah, jumlah polong per tanaman, bobot polong per tanaman, bobot kering biji per tanaman, umur berbunga, bobot 100 butir, jumlah bintil, panjang akar, ILD, jumlah bunga dan jumlah bunga yang jadi polong. Varietas tidak mempengaruhi Indeks luas daun (ILD). Volume irigasi 2.25 Eo menghasilkan panjang akar lebih tinggi pada 8 MST dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan pemberian volume irigasi yang lebih rendah yaitu 0.75 Eo, 1.50 Eo. Jenis varietas dan volume irigasi mempengaruhi jumlah bunga pada 5 MST, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata pada jumlah bunga pada 7 MST. Efisiensi pemakaian air irigasi tanaman kacang tunggak dipengaruhi oleh interaksi jenis varietas dan volume irigasi. Jenis varietas dan volume irigasi tanaman yang tinggi meningkatkan efisiensi pemakaian air, sebaliknya volume irigasi yang rendah menurunkan efisiensi pemakaian air. Kombinasi volume irigasi 2.25 Eo dengan varietas Uno menghasilkan jumlah polong per tanaman terbanyak dan berbeda nyata dengan volume irigasi lainnya. Kombinasi volume irigasi 2.25 Eo dengan varietas Uno dipilih sebagai perlakuan terbaik karena alasan efisiensi pemakaian air atau penggunaan air yang lebih sedikit., Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L.) has great potential as a nutritious food substitute for soybeans. Efforts to obtain high growth and production of cowpea by improving cultivation. one of which is to pay attention to water availability so that water use can be carried out effectively and efficiently. The research aims to get the best level of water required for the growth and production of cowpea. The experiment was conducted at the Cikabayan Experimental Garden, IPB from January–April 2023. This experiment used a completely randomized block design (RCBD) factorial split plot; the main plot was varieties (Albina and Uno) and subplots were irrigation volume (0.75 Eo,1.50 Eo, 2.25 Eo and 3.0 Eo). The experimental results showed that the water requirement during the vegetative phase for 5 consecutive weeks for the Albina variety was 2.91 Eo. 3.0 Eo. 3.0 Eo. 3.0 Eo. and 2.11 Eo. and for the Uno variety. 3.0 Eo, 3 .0 Eo, 3.0 Eo, 2.94 Eo and 2.10 Eo. While the generative phase of the Albina variety was 1.66 Eo and the Uno variety was 1.79 Eo. Variety does not affect the leaf area index (ILD). An irrigation volume of 2.25 Eo resulted in higher root length at 8 WAP and was not significantly different from providing a lower irrigation volume, namely 0.75 Eo, 1.50 Eo. The type of variety and irrigation volume influenced the number of flowers and the number of flowers that became pods at 5 WAP, but had no significant effect on the number of flowers
Keyword: irrigation volume, water efficiency, water requirement, water use

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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