Judul: Identifikasi Faktor Penyebab Deforestasi dan Reforestasi Ditinjau dari Aspek Sosial Ekonomi (Kasus di KPH Kuningan, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten)
Abstrak: Deforestation is conversion of forest into other land use/land cover due to forest exploitation, agricultural expansion, settlement development or other activities. Deforestation resulted in wildlife habitat loss and forest cover decline. Meanwhile reforestation is recovery of forest area resulted from natural regeneration or planted. Deforestation and reforestation merely is not happening in the forest or protected forest conservation, but also occur in production forests. Production forests located in Java Island is managed by Perum Perhutani. According Ichsan (2006), in general, the existence of forest is surrounded by villages with social conditions, economic classified as poor. Ownership of land by the community is very narrow, having low technological capabilities, scarcity of capital as well as limited access to public services. These conditions have made the villagers who are living around the forest are difficult to rise from poverty. Moreover revenue contribution of forest land is not optimal for for the community This study aims to determine level of deforestation and reforestation (of natural forests and forest plantations) in KPH Kuningan and identify its socioeconomic factors associated with deforestation and reforestation. The results of this research may be contributed to formulation of programs to reduce deforestation and increase reforestation of Perum Perhutani. This research was conducted in KPH Kuningan start of the month from June to December 2009. The tools used in this study is a set of computers equipped with software Arc View GIS 3.2, ERDAS Imagine 9.1, SPSS 15.0, and Microsoft Office Excel 2007; Global Positioning System (GPS), voice recorder, digital camera; questionnaire (Forest Village Community Forest Village Community Institution); and stationery. The materials used are Landsat 7 ETM (March 2002) and 5 TM (March 2009) path/row 121/65, RBI Indonesia map scale 1: 25.000, the potential of the village in 2006, statistics of Registration Forest Village Community Institution to KPH Kuningan In May 2009, and Recapitulation Results Vulnerability Identification Zone (Red/Green Area Zone) during July- December 2008 KPH Kuningan. In the period 2002-2009, deforestation occurred in Kuningan District of about 16.305,93 ha from total forest area of 29.618,19 ha. There were two villages taken as sample area namely, Sukarapih village with deforestation of - 4.20 ha/year, and Segong Village with reforestation of about 6.77 ha/year. Based on statistical analysis using logistic regression models, it was found that socioeconomic factors have gave significantly affect to deforestation were revenues, forest disturbance, and knowledge about the existence of state forestry logging. While socioeconomic factors significantly affect reforestation was participation in the reforestation of state forestry activities.
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Judul: Hubungan Perubahan Penutupan Hutan dengan Faktor Sosial Ekonomi di KPH Ciamis, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Kondisi hutan negara yang dikelola oleh Perhutani mengalami masa kritis pada era reformasi tahun 1998, yaitu terjadinya banyak penjarahan sehingga mengakibatkan terjadinya deforestasi. Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Ciamis merupakan wilayah hutan Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten yang turut mengalami kasus penjarahan di era reformasi. Faktor sosial ekonomi sering dijadikan alasan oleh masyarakat untuk melakukan berbagai bentuk kegiatan pemanfaatan sumberdaya hutan yang tidak sesuai dengan prinsip pemanfaatan secara lestari. Perubahan penutupan lahan yang terjadi pada KPH Ciamis dapat dianalisis melalui Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Selanjutnya faktor sosial ekonomi dikaitkan dengan terjadinya perubahan penutupan lahan di kawasan KPH Ciamis menggunakan analisis regresi. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah penutupan lahan tahun 2001 dan 2010 yang berasal dari citra Landsat dan data Potensi Desa (Podes). Analisis hubungan perubahan penutupan hutan dengan faktor-faktor sosial ekonomi menggunakan regresi logistik. Hasil analisis menunjukkan desa yang mengalami deforestasi sebanyak 22 desa, dimana Desa Tenggerharja mengalami deforestasi terbesar seluas 236,25 ha. Desa yang mengalami reforestasi sebanyak 45 desa, dimana Desa Kersaratu mengalami reforestasi terbesar seluas 839,52 ha. Hubungan antara perubahan penutupan hutan (Y) dengan variabel-variabel sosial ekonomi ditunjukkan pada model regresi logistik sebagai berikut: LnY = 4,895 – 0,007X1 + 0.008X2 + 0,002X3 – 0,028X4 – 0,003X5 – 0,005X7 – 0,402X8. Delapan variabel penduga dalam model tersebut adalah: (1) jumlah penduduk laki-laki, (2) jumlah penduduk perempuan, (3) jumlah kepala keluarga, (4) persentase keluarga pertanian, (5) jumlah keluarga prasejahtera dan KS I, (6) jumlah buruh petani, (7) kepadatan penduduk, dan (8) beban kepala keluarga. Variabel yang paling berpengaruh terhadap perubahan penutupan hutan berdasarkan hasil analisis statistik regresi logistik yaitu kepadatan penduduk.
Keyword: Land cover, Forest, Deforestation, Reforestation, Socio-economic factors, KPH Ciamis

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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