Judul: Kemandirian Usaha Pembudidaya Ikan dalam Proyek Pembinaan Peningkatan Pendapatan Petani-Nelayan Kecil (P4K) di Desa Muktisari, Kecamatan Cipaku, Kabupaten Ciamis
Abstrak: Kemandirian adalah kemampuan memilih berbagai alternatif yang tersedia agar dapat digunakan untuk melangsungkan kehidupan yang serasi dan berkelanjutan. Kemandirian dapat ditumbuhkan melalui penyuluhan, yaitu proses pendidikan untuk merubah perilaku masyarakat menjadi lebih baik. Salah satu program pemerintah yang melakukan kegiatan penyuluhan dalam pencapaian tujuannya adalah proyek P4K yang berupaya memberdayakan petani dan nelayan kecil (PNK), termasuk pembudidaya ikan, agar mampu membebaskan diri dari kemiskinan, membangun kemandirian dan partisipasinya dalam pengambilan keputusan serta melakukan pengelolaan usaha secara rasional
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Judul: Analisis pendapatan nelayan menurut jenis usaha di desa Pangandaran Kebupaten Ciamis
Abstrak: Pembangunan pertanian dalam Program Pemerintah bertujuan untuk membangun pertanian yang maju, efisien dan tangguh dengan meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya manusia, penerapan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi maju secara dinamis serta memanfaatkan sumberdaya secara optimal dan berkelanjutan sehingga mampu untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani/nelayan, meningkatkan nilai gizi masyarakat, meningkatkan dan mendorong penerimaan devisa negara dan mendorong serta menarik pertumbuhan kesempatan kerja dan berusaha di pedesaan (Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan, 1993). Lebih khusus lagi, yaitu dalam pembangunan pertanian sub sektor perikanan, Pemerintah telah berusaha menetapkan tujuannya supaya pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan dapat lebih ditingkatkan yang pada dasarnya adalah: 1. Meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya manusia perikanan dan pendapatan petani nelayan melalui upaya optimalisasi pemanfaatan sumberdaya perikanan dengan penerapan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi berwawasan lingkungan serta peningkatan nilai tambah hasil-hasil perikanan. 2. Meningkatkan penyediaan dan distribusi bahan pangan komoditas perikanan dalam rangka meningkatkan kualitas sumberdaya manusia melalui peningkatan konsumsi gizi masyarakat. 3. Mendorong dan meningkatkan kesempatan kerja dan kesempatan berusaha yang produktif. 4. Mendorong peningkatan pertumbuhan industri di dalam negeri melalui penyediaan bahan baku dan meningkatkan penerimaan devisa (Direktorat Jenderal Perikanan, 1993)...
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Judul: Enhancement of photon absorbtion on BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films semiconductor using photonic crystals.
Abstrak: In this research, has been conducted BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films manufacturing for mole fraction x = 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55; and concentration of 1 molar using chemical solution depositon (CSD) method. The materials, which are used in this research, are barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%], titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28), 97.999%], gallium trioxide [Ga2O3], 2-methoxyethanol [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] and 1 x 1 cm of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass as substrate. Two BST thin films are made that for BST thin films which are doped by 10% galium (BGST) as p-type layer and pure BST solution as n-type. BST solution is made by reacting barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%] and titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28)] into 2-methoxyethanol solvent [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] in accordance with mass gram for each x value. While, BGST solution is made in the same way as BST solution, plus adding gallium at 10% of the mass of BST. Once all materials are reacted, then vibrated using ultrasonic for 90 minutes, and followed by coating BGST / BST on the TCO substrate. Once the layer is formed, then annealed for 15 hours at temperature of 500 °C with increasing rate of 1.67 oC/minute. Characterizations of BST thin films with or without photonic crystals include the absorbance and transmittance in the visible light spectrum, as well as the electrical photoconductivity characterizations. From BST thin films without photonic crystals indicate that our thin films have light absorption area on almost the entire range of the visible light spectrum even to the infrared range with absorption value over than 67.6%, in addition, it can be seen that the maximum absorbance of BST thin films for all mole fractions lie in blue to green light spectrum region, 457 nm ≤ λ ≤ 570 nm and the minimum in yellow to red light spectrum region, 570 nm ≤ λ ≤ 678 nm. The largest absorbance is found at x = 0.25 with average absorbance value of 92.04% and maximum and minimum absorbance peaks at wavelength of 500.89 and 657.72 nm, respectively. At x = 0.35, average absorbance value decreased to 83.55% with maximum and minimum peaks at 505.73 and 613.68 nm, respectively. Then increased to 91.16% at x = 0.45 with maximum and minimum peaks at 506.04 and 618.56 nm, respectively. At x = 0.55, average absorbance value decreased to 80.12% with maximum and minimum peaks at 507.85 and 608.79 nm, respectively. Moreover, it can be seen that the addition of barium mole fraction leads to wider maximum absorbance or minimum transmittance peaks and narrower minimum absorbance or maximum transmittance peaks in the same range of the green and blue & red light spectrums, respectively. BST thin films with photonic crystals show increasing in absorption for all x values in the range of 3.04 into 13.33%. At x = 0.25, average absorbance percentage increased 3.96% from 92.4 into 95.68%, for x = 0.35 average percentage increased 7.07% into 89.45 from 83.55%. Furthermore, average absorbance of BST thin films at x = 0.45 increased 3.04% from 91.16 into 93.93% and x = 0.55 has
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