Judul: Peranan kredit mikro dan kecil terhadap kinerja usaha kecil dan ekonomi wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Development of the Indonesian economy can not be separated from the role of micro and small enterprises. This strategic role can be seen from the number of enterprise units, providing employment opportunities, as well as the contribution of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Hence efforts to develop and strengthen the potential of small enterprises at the local level should be able to form strong and independent local economic entity by improving the role of micro and small credits. The objectives of the research were, (1) to analyze the influence of micro and small credits on small enterprises performance, (2) to analyze the influence of micro and small credits from microfinance institutions on the regional economy, and (3) to formulate the policies for development of micro and small credits that can promote the performance of small enterprises. This research used an econometric analysis in the form of simultaneous equation towards two models, (1) the model of small enterprises economic consists of eight behavioral equations and three identity relationships, and (2) the model of credit and regional economy linkage consists of eleven behavioral equations and two identity relationships. Estimation for structural equation parameters used the method of Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The research conclusions are as follows: (1) the micro and small credits have an influence on the enterprise revenue, which is the main performance indicator of small enterprises, (2) the micro and small credits taken by these small enterprises will increases with the reduced interest rates, which in turn will increase the enterprise capital, the use of raw materials, fuel and labor, and finally increase the enterprise revenue, (3) the micro and small credits from cooperatives and commercial banks as well as from rural banks have only a little influence each on the GRDP in the manufacturing and trade sector as well as the services sector as a proxy of regional economy. Nevertheless the micro and small credits from rural banks and cooperatives can not be showed significantly influence in GRDP of agriculture sector, and (4) the simultaneous combination of policies with an increased credits taken by small enterprises, increased selling price of product, and expansion of product marketing areas will bring about the greatest increase in a row on: enterprise capital, enterprise revenue, enterprise income, and the use of raw materials.
Keyword: micro credits, small credits, small enterprise, enterprise performance, gross regional domestic product, econometric model

Judul: Peranan Kredit Produktif UMKM dalam Perekonomian Indonesia: Pendekatan Makro dan Mikro.
Abstrak: The productive credit for micro, small and medium enterprise (MSME/UMKM) channelled through public credit program namely Kredit Usaha Rakyat (KUR) looks forward as a solution of capital shortage. The shortage is the main threat for UMKM and cooperation enterprise to run and expand their businesses. This study is aimed to identify the imapct of productive credit KUR the economic performance as shown by output increase in GDP or national economic growth, capitalization, people’s income, labor absorption, and impact optimality. Moreover, the study provides suggestions and or recommendations for the program improvement in the future. The study accompplishes the macroeconomy and microeconomy analysis. The macro analysis exercise uses the Indonesian Financial SAM (F-SAM) of 2005 base year model and secondary data of the program KUR. On the other hand, the micro analysis utilizes primary data in a cross section econometric model and cross tab analysis. The primary data is obtained from field survey to the businessmen in six districts, Jakarta Selatan Municipality, Tangerang Selatan Municipality, Bogor Regency, Kudus Regency, Sidoarjo Regency, and Sleman Regency. The macroeconomic analysis shows that credit allocation by KUR can increase economic growth by 0.59 percent, provide more capital by 2,93 percent, raise employment opportunities by 0.55 percent, and rise income by 0.5 percent. The simulation results on the most optimal KUR program when major of credit allocation is for the non financial enterprise. The microeconomic analysis, in addition, shows two advantages of the program in comparison with the non KUR program. The advantages are faster credit disbursement and reduction in urban bias of credit channeling. The productive credit also provides evidence of positive impact on the business revenue, profits, capitalization, and labor. Thus, the most significant impact on increase of labor absorption by productive credit UMKM is an evidence of its efficiency to reduce unempoyment and poverty alleviation in the long term.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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