Judul: Village study of traditional landscape settlement saibatin lampungnese at Kenali Village, West Lampung
Abstrak: Kenali village is the provenance of Lampungnese inhabitants, included in traditional/historical area in West Lampung Regency. The development and growth community process shifted the cultural landscape characteristic in Pekon Kenali. Study of traditional landscape settlement character need to do because the information and knowledge about it is still definite. This study purpose to (1) identified the character of traditional landscape settlement in Kenali Village, (2) analyzing the factors that influence the landscape, (3) identified the main cause of the settlement’s character change, and formulate the development plan. The method use descriptive and spatial analysis through observation, interview, and study of literature. This village located in 104°10’-105°20’ Longitude East and 5°10’-4°55’ South Latitude. The slope in settlement area is relative flat and scarp in forest area. The elevation is 800-1020 m upon the sea, temperature is 26-28 °C, rain fall 2500-3000 mm/year, and humidity 75%-95%. Total area 1211 Ha by land uses: settlement, rice field, plantation, forest, mix-garden, fish pond, rivers, and roads. Almost surrounding area are hilly and mountaineous with scarps. Plants in settlement area are ornamentals, herbal, cooking spices, fruits, vegetables, and pulses. Forest crop dominated by resin and main plantation crop is coffe. Animal pets villagers are: cow, buffalo, goat, chicken, duck, cat, and dog. Indigeneous people are Lampung Saibatin tribe lineage Buay Tumi and Belunguh. Total population 1319 inhabitans in 467 family. This village counted development village with total prosperous family 24.9%; the others upper class 16.3%, middle class 29.2%, unprosperous 17%, and lower class 12.5%. Education grade dominated by high school graduate 37.3%, occupation mostly farmer 35.4%, and Islam faith dominated 98.6%. The village orgware are: Peratin (headman), secretary, head offices (public, govermental, and development), and hamlet’s head. The characteristic of settlement are assemble longitudinal follow the road form, farmland in the back and close to the river. The socio-cultural’s characteristic that influence the settlement form is the life system of pi’il pesenggiri that someone’s valued well if has a good behaviour, this principle occur toward human peer, animal, and vegetation. Peratin’s and pemangku adat’s houses are located in the center of village that purpose to make the coordination of village orgware easier. Besides that, community self-help in every aspect of life, such as: cultivation and traditional ceremony, also strong kinship are make the space between houses very closed each other. In relationship with nature there is a motto Bumi Tuah Bepadan, that human and nature can’t separated. The main cause of displacement in village’s pattern is the attack of colonizer. The others, because of nature like earthquake, human growth, and asphalt road built. The village’s land use has change 42%. Landscape elements that is the settlement center are: square (public space that surrounding by offices), school, and mosque, with the main street that cut the area so that called linear-concentric pattern (longitudinal follow the road form but still have settlement center). The structure, function, and elements building are adapted to add the room (almost scaffolding house’s basements has been covered or built by wall). The built road (1 Ha) just in the village’s center so that the
Keyword: Traditional Settlement, Kenali Village, Saibatin Lampungnese

Judul: Kajian Pola Lanskap Permukiman Masyarakat Tradisional Lampung Pepadun Berbasis Budaya Lokal
Abstrak: Masyarakat Lampung merupakan salah satu dari beragam kelompok masyarakat tradisional di Indonesia yang memiliki budaya yang khas. Secara umum masyarakat Lampung terbagi menjadi dua kelompok adat yaitu masyarakat adat Lampung Saibatin dan masyarakat adat Lampung Pepadun. Dalam dua kelompok tersebut, masih terdapat pembagian kelompok berdasarkan wilayah adat yang didiami oleh masing-masing kelompok. Pengelompokan tersebut membentuk karakter yang berbeda pada masing-masing lanskap permukiman tradisional. Penelitian terdahulu mengenai taman rumah tinggal tradisional Lampung telah menghasilkan suatu konsep desain taman rumah tinggal yang sarat dengan nilai-nilai budaya dan menjadi pembuka bagi penelitian ini. Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa tujuan, antara lain: (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan elemen-elemen pembentuk lanskap permukiman tradisional masyarakat Lampung Pepadun; (2) menganalisis pola permukiman tradisional Lampung Pepadun ditinjau dari sudut pandang budaya masyarakat setempat serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pembentukannya; dan (3) mengidentifikasi tata ruang permukiman dan memformulasikannya ke dalam konsep pola permukiman masyarakat tradisional Lampung Pepadun berbasis budaya lokal. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Tiyuh Gedung Batin, Kecamatan Blambangan Umpu, Kabupaten Way Kanan, Lampung. Data/informasi digali dari tiga sumber utama yang penting, yaitu (1) naskah adat, (2) wawancara tokoh adat, dan (3) artefak permukiman yang ada. Analisis terhadap elemen penyusun permukiman tradisional masyarakat Lampung Pepadun beserta filosofinya dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan analisis isi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tiyuh Gedung Batin dibentuk oleh rumah-rumah tua dan rumah baru di sekitarnya, sebagian kebun warga di sekitar rumah, jalan utama yang memanjang membelah tiyuh, serta sungai Way Besai. Elemen permukiman tradisional Lampung Pepadun terdiri dari bangunan tradisional yang meliputi rumah tinggal, bangunan komunal (sesat), serta tempat ibadah, lahan garapan, sungai, jalan permukiman, serta tanah pemakaman. Faktor dominan yang mempengaruhi pembentukan lanskap permukiman tradisional Lampung adalah faktor strata sosial, kekerabatan, dan lingkungan. Tiyuh Gedung Batin tersusun dalam pola yang memanjang mengikuti aliran sungai dengan rumah-rumah yang saling berhadapan. Rumah-rumah berbaris dan umumnya antar rumah tidak memiliki batas yang jelas karena hubungan kekeluargaan yang erat. Pola ini merupakan bentuk adaptasi terhadap lingkungan, yang menurut sejarah masyarakat Lampung Pepadun umumnya bermukim di pedalaman dan berpindah mengikuti aliran sungai. Sebelum adanya jalan raya dan jembatan, semua aktivitas perpindahan dilakukan melalui sungai.
Keyword: analisis isi, budaya lokal, Lampung Pepadun, permukiman tradisional, pola permukiman

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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