Judul: Identifikasi Parasitoid dan Predator Kutu Kebul pada Tanaman Murbei (Morus sp)
Abstrak: Study on The Identification of Parasitoids and Predators of White Fly on Mulberry Plant was conducted at Bogor, Sukabumi and Tasikmalaya as well as Pati and Candiroto on sericulture developing centers of West Java and Central Java, respectively. The main objectives of the study were to confirm the species of white fly and also to confirm whether there is any parasitoid as well as predator attacking the pest in all the study sites. To achieve the targeted output of the study the following methods were conducted. The collected whiteflies from all study sites were send to entomological laboratory of Bogor Agriculture University, while the collected parasitoids and predator were send to National Entomological Museum at Bogor. To proof an insect to be parasitoid of the whitefly, in captive method was practiced. While to proof an insect to be predator of the fly, the bait method was practiced. The result of the study showed that white attacking mulberry plant at study sites is Trialeurodes vaporarium Martin. There are four species parasitoids namely Ceraphronid, Scelionid, Eucoilid and Eulophid and four species of predacious Coccinelid namely Serangium spp and Micraspis sp.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman spesies dan kunci identifikasi kutukebul (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) pada tanaman pertanian di Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Whiteflies are one of the most important insect group of pests in agricultural crops which can cause direct and indirect damages to plants, i.e. disturb photosynthesis and plant aesthetics, and transmit plant viruses. Whiteflies have been reported in Indonesia since 1900’s. There are 37 whiteflies species that have been recorded in Indonesia, but it is believed that many more are unidentified. The aims of this research was to identify the whiteflies species in agricultural crops and study their diversity at different altitudes. Whiteflies were collected at five areas in West Java: Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi, Bandung, and Garut. The identification of whiteflies were using fourth instar nymph or known as pupa. Slide preparation followed Watson’s protocol that has been modified. Morphological characters for such species were recorded for identification. Identification key was constructed in the dichotomous and digital forms using Lucid Phoenix Key program. Diversity of whiteflies was analysed using Shannons’s (H’), Simpson’s (D) and Sorenson’s (C) diversity index. Whitefly natural enemies that were found in the field or parasitized whiteflies were identified. There were 38 whiteflies species found and 10 were still unidentified. About 89.5% whiteflies found were the member of subfamily Aleyrodinae. Whiteflies were more commonly found in the plants with complex architecture (fruit trees) than the plants with simple architecture (vegetables, ornamental plants, etc). Plant with complex architecture can provide more space and food for organism to live. Aleurodicus dispersus and Aleurodicus dugesii are cosmopolitan species that can be found in various types of plants and altitudes. Bemisia tabaci was commonly found in lower altitude, whereas Trialeurodes vaporariorum was mainly found in higher altitude. Both species are become important pests in vegetable crops and transmit plant diseases. The highest whitefly species richness and diversity was found in lowland (0-500 m above sea level (asl)) (H’=2.14; 1- D=5.53). Similarity analysis (C) showed that number of whitefly species found at lowland was 64% similar to midland (501-1000 m asl). The natural enemies that commonly found were coccinellid beetle, aphelinid, and encyrtid wasp.
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Judul: Transformasi fasa pada pembuatan keramik alpha-alumina dengan proses sol-gel
Abstrak: Proses sol-gel merupakan proses terbaru yang dikcmbangkan untuk membuat keramik, termasuk alumina (Al2O3). Proses ini dapat mengontrol struktur mikro dan sifat keramik dengan jalan mengontrol parameter proses pcmbuatan, suhu pemanasan yang dibcrikan rclatif rendah, kcmurnian produk yang dihasilkan relatif tinggi, plastisitas gel dapat mcmbcrikan produk dalam bcntuk scrbuk, serat, lapisan tipis dan bentuk padat Hal yang menarik untuk diamati pada proses pembuatan kcramik alumina dengan proses sol-gel adalah te1jadinya transformasi fasa. Menurut bebcrapa pcnclili, fasa-fasa yang tc1jadi adalah alumina hidrat (dapat berupa diaspore atau boehmile), gamma-, delta-, theta-dan alpha-alumina. Masing-masing fasa tcrsebul mempw1yai sifat fisis yang berbcda. Satu mol serbuk aluminum /rifer/ butoxidc [(C21-15Cl-l(CI-13)O),Al] dicampur dengan 100 11101 air (H20). Campuran tersebut diaduk dengan magnetic stirer sampai homogcn. Setelah homogcn, pada suhu 90°C campuran tcrsebut dipeptisasi dengan katalis asam, 0,2 mol 1-JCI. Proses polimerisasi ini membentuk gel. Gel yang diperoleh dikeringkan pada suhu 90°C, kcmudian dibagi-bagi untuk dipanaskan pada beberapa suhu, yaitu 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, l000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C dan 1300°C, selama satu jam dalam ruang pemanas (furnace). Setelah itu, sampel segera dikeluarkan dari ruang pemanas dan didinginkan di udara. Evolusi termal diamati dengan analisis termal dari suhu kamar sampai suhu 1300°C, yaitu dijferential thermal analysis (DTA) dan lhermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Fasa-fasa yang te1jadi pada sctiap sampel ditentukan dcngan X-ray d/fji-actomelly (XRD). Idcntifikasi fasa dilakukan dengan menggunakan meta de Hanawalt secara manual dan analisis kuantitatif clilakukan pada pola difraksi sampel 1000°C, puncak 012 (fasa alpha) dan 004 (fasa theta) dengan menggunakan metode pcrbandingan langsung. Morfologi pennukaan sampel diamati dengan mikroskop optik (MO) dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sedangkan kerapatan sampel diukur dengan piknometcr. Dari basil penelitian diperoleh bahwa fasa-fasa yang terbentuk adalah fasa boehmite (antara suhu 90°C-300°C), fasa gamma-(antara suhu 400°C-800°C), fasa delta-(sekitar suhu 900°C), fasa theta­(sekitar suhu l000°C) dan fasa alpha-alumina (antara l 100°C-1300°C). Masing-masing fasa tersebut mempunyai sistem kristal, morfologi permukaan clan kerapatan yang bcrbcda. Pad a suhu 1000°C, secara kuantitatif, terbentuk fasa theta sebesar 50,18% dan alpha 49,82%. Transformasi tennal dari gamma-kc delta-, de/la-ke theta-tidak tcrdeteksi, baik dcngan DTA maupun TOA. Morfologi pcrmukaan gel alumina yang telah dipanaskan pada suhu 1300°C mcnunjukkan fonnasi kristalin. Kcrapatan fasa alpha­alumina adalah (400 ± 3) IO kg m-3•
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