Judul: Gambaran Fungsi Hati Anjing yang Diberi Afoksolaner & Milbemisin Oksim Per-Oral 3 Kali Dosis Anjuran
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari gambaran fungsi hati anjing setelah 24 jam pemberian sediaan berbahan aktif afoksolaner dan milbemisin oksim sebanyak tiga kali dosis yang dianjurkan. Sebanyak tiga ekor anjing jantan ras Beagle yang sehat secara klinis dengan umur 2 tahun dan bobot badan berkisar antara 8.5-10 kg digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Anjing diberikan dosis 3 kali (150 mg Afoksolaner dan 30 mg Milbemisin oksim). Masing–masing perlakuan diberikan sediaan afoksolaner dan milbemisin oksim dengan frekuensi 1 kali. Sampel darah anjing diambil melalui vena cephalica antebrachii pada H-1 (24 jam pre treatment) dan H+1 (24 jam post treatment) untuk dianalisis kadar enzim alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dan enzim alanine transaminase (ALT), kadar bilirubin total, total protein, albumin, dan globulin. Analisis dilakukan menggunakan Chemistry analyzer. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata (P>0.05) antarwaktu pemberian treatment pada kadar enzim alkaline phosphatase (ALP) dan enzim alanine transaminase (ALT), kadar bilirubin total, total protein, albumin, dan globulin. Pemberian obat berbahan aktif afoksolaner dan milbemisin oksim per oral pada anjing dengan tiga kali dosis tidak mempengaruhi enzim ALP, ALT, kadar bilirubin total, total protein, albumin, dan globulin.
Keyword: afoksolaner, anjing, gambaran fungsi hati, milbemisin oksim

Judul: Gambaran Fungsi Ginjal Anjing Beagle yang Diberi Preparat Afoxolaner dan Milbemycin Oxime Tiga Kali Dosis
Abstrak: Anjing (Canis familiaris) menjadi salah satu hewan peliharaan yang banyak diminati manusia, sehingga menjaga kesehatan anjing menjadi hal yang penting agar anjing terhindar dari berbagai penyakit. Belakangan ini telah diperkenalkan obat antiparasit berbahan aktif afoxolaner dan milbemycin oxime (NexGard Spectra® ). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian obat berbahan aktif afoxolaner dan milbemycin oxime sebanyak tiga kali dosis anjuran pada gambaran fungsi ginjal secara akut. Sebanyak tiga ekor anjing ras beagle yang sehat secara klinis masing-masing diberi sediaan berbahan aktif afoxolaner dan milbemycin oxime sebanyak tiga kali dosis anjuran secara oral. Setelah 24 jam pascapemberian obat antiparasit, sampel darah diambil melalui vena cephalica antebrachii untuk dianalisis kadar BUN dan kreatinin. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata kadar BUN dan kreatinin tiap individu anjing (P>0.05). Rata-rata kadar BUN dan kreatinin pada semua anjing berada dalam rentang nilai normal. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian obat antiparasit berbahan aktif afoxolaner dan milbemycin oxime sebanyak tiga kali dosis anjuran tidak mempengaruhi parameter fungsi ginjal.
Keyword: afoxolaner, BUN, kreatinin, milbemycin oxime

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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