Judul: Aplikasi Urin Kambing Peranakan Etawa dan NASA® sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair untuk Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Pakan Legum Indigofera sp.
Abstrak: Tanaman pakan merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan produktivitas ternak ruminansia. Peningkatan populasi ternak khususnya ruminansia harus diimbangi dengan penyediaan hijauan yang berkualitas. Penggunaan tanaman pakan berkualitas tinggi diharapkan dapat mengurangi penggunan konsentrat dalam ransum tanpa mengurangi kualitas nutrisi ransum bagi ternak itu sendiri. Kendala yang sering dihadapi dalam pemenuhan tanaman pakan adalah rendahnya kualitas, kuantitas, dan kontinuitas tanaman pakan ternak tropis. Indigofera memberikan peluang yang menjanjikan dalam hal memenuhi kebutuhan ternak ruminansia akan tanaman pakan. Indigofera sp. memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi, toleran terhadap musim kering, genangan air dan tahan terhadap salinitas. Produktivitas tanaman pakan sangat dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan nutrien dalam tanah. Pemupukan merupakan upaya meningkatkan ketersediaan nutrien dalam tanah. Pemupukan yang biasa diberikan adalah melalui tanah pada akar tanaman, tetapi dapat diberikan melalui daun, yaitu dengan pemberian pupuk organik cair (POC). Penelitian ini menggunakan dua jenis POC, yaitu alami dan buatan. Pupuk organik cair alami yang digunakan adalah urin kambing peranakan etawa (PE). Pemupukan melalui daun lebih efisien bagi tanaman tertentu, karena pupuk tersebut masuk kedalam tubuh tanaman melalui mulut daun (stomata) yang ada di permukaan daun sebelah bawah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian POC berupa urin kambing PE dibandingkan dengan pupuk komersial NASA® pada daun untuk pemacu pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman pakan legum Indigofera sp. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk memperoleh dosis campuran larutan pupuk yang memberikan pertumbuhan dan produksi hijauan terbaik.
Keyword: ruminants, ration quality, ration nutrition, Best forage production, fertilizer mixture

Judul: Peningkatan Produktivitas Indigofera sp. Sebagai Pakan Berkualitas Tinggi Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Industri Penyedap Masakan:
Abstrak: The food flavor manufacture waste (called sipramin) have a great potential to used as liquid organic fertilizer due to the nutrition contents that needed by plants. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of sipramin as liquid organic fertilizer on soil fertility, re-growth, and herbage productivity of Indigofera sp. for ruminants. This experiment used factorial completely randomized design, the first factor was fertilizer dosages (0, 10, 20 and 40%) and the second factor was fertilization times (30 and 15 days before harvested [dbh]). The observed variables were soil chemical and biological characteristic, re-growth and forage production, and nutritive value of Indigofera sp. for ruminants. An in vitro experiment was carried out to examine the dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), solubility of calcium and phosphorus of Indigofera sp. in rumen liquor. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that the soil nitrogen, number of phosphate resolvability bacteria and Rhizobium sp. were significantly different (P<0.05) on 40% fertilizer dosage than the other treatment. The phosphate resolvability bacteria and available phosphate (P available) of 15 dbh were higher than 30 dbh. Sipramin fertilizer of 40% dosage improved Corganic content and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio value of soil and significantly (P<0,01) increased forage production (leaf and stem). The number of stem and stem weight of 40% sipramin and 15 dbh were higher than the others. The leaf and stem ratio of 15 dbh were higher than 30 dbh. There were no significantly different (P>0.05) on stem diameter, chlorophyll content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, however dry crude protein content (CP) and root nodule were significantly different (P<0.01) on 40% fertilizer dosage than the others. There were interaction between dosage and fertilization time on crude protein and phosphorus content. Crude protein and phosphorus content of 40% sipramin at 15 dbh were higher than the others. IVDMD, IVOMD and IVCPD of 40% were significantly (P<0.05) higher than 0% fertilizer dosage. The quantity of soluble calcium and phosphorus were significantly different (P<0.01) on 40% than 0% fertilizer dosage. The addition of 40% sipramin at 15 dbh fertilization time showed the best result to chemical and biological soil characteristic, re-growth and productivity of Indigofera sp.
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Judul: Tinjauan Matematis pada Model Makroskopik dan Mikroskopik Arus Lalu-lintas
Abstrak: Traffic flow phenomenon can be described through mathematical model such as continuous dynamic model with an ordinary differential equation so that it can be solved with integral factors. In this paper three simple models of traffic flow are discussed, i.e, two macroscopic and one microscopic models. Macroscopic model formulates dynamics of the traffic flow that occurs on a large number of vehicles on a road. While the microscopic model explains drivers’ behavior in their interaction with other vehicles ahead, i.e, car-following model. This paper shows the existence of ordinary differential equation found in the traffic flow model and indicates some different representations in the context of the same model. It also reviews a simple model of traffic flow along a single link, which leads to some unexpected results, i.e, it can express the solution model in term of link outflows as well as trip time. In the microscopic model, simulation is done to illustrate the behavior of the drivers with a sensitivity coefficient as a benchmark parameter.
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