Judul: Potensi Ekstrak Air dan Etanol Kumis Kucing, Pegagan, Tempuyung, dan Sambiloto sebagai Antihipertensi serta Profil Senyawa Pencirinya.
Abstrak: Kumis kucing, pegagan, tempuyung, and sambiloto are widely used as medicinal plants to treat a variety of diseases, such as hypertension. The objective of this researchs was to determine inhibitory activity of water extracts and 30% ethanol extract of these plants against ACE through in vitro assay. Three extracts with the highest inhibitory activity were formulated by using mixture design and its inhibitory activity against ACE was investigated. The result showed that 30% ethanol extract of pegagan, 30% ethanol extract of kumis kucing, and water extract of kumis kucing showed three of the highest inhibitory activity. Formulation of these extracts in composition of 1/6:1/6:2/3 and concentration of 100 ppm showed inhibition against ACE that slightly lower than inhibition of captopril at 100 ppm. Analysis of marker compounds by using thin layer chromatography showed that sinensetin band detected under UV light at 254 nm and 366 nm. Meanwhile high performance liquid chromatographic analysis showed that the formula contain asiaticoside more than sinensetin.
Keyword: ACE inhibition, antihypertensive, asiaticoside, sinensetin

Judul: Inhibisi Ekstrak Etanol Kumis Kucing, Pegagan, Sambiloto, dan Tempuyung terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Pengubah Angiotensin I secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Kumis kucing, pegagan, sambiloto, and tempuyung are medicinal plants potential as antihypertension. Thirty percent ethanol extracts of these plants were investigated towards angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity in vitro. The research was conducted at the optimum condition (32 °C of incubation temperature, pH 8.3, and 25 mU/mL of ACE concentration) by using 14, 25, 50, and 100 ppm of single extract concentration, and combined extract with specific compositions. The results were compared with captopril as positive control. Inhibition test of ACE with single extracts showed that 50 ppm of kumis kucing, 100 ppm of pegagan, 100 ppm of sambiloto, and 14 ppm of tempuyung have the highest inhibition of 76.98, 58.69, 53.74, and 62.89%, respectively. Combined extract of kumis kucing, pegagan, and tempuyung of 25:50:7 ratio showed 76.87% inhibition, higher than captopril.
Keyword: 

Judul: Massa Graviton Berdasarkan Teori De Rham- Gabadadze-Tolley Dalam Model Alam Semesta Datar Friedmann-Lemaitre- Roberson-Walker
Abstrak: Teori Relativitas Umum memprediksi ekspansi alam semesta diperlambat, sedangkan hasil observasi supernova tipe Ia mendapati ekspansi alam semesta dipercepat. Teori Relativitas Umum dimodifikasi melalui pendekatan teori gravitasi bermassa nonlinier oleh de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT). Massa graviton dimunculkan untuk dinamika skala sangat besar. Persamaan medan Einstein teori dRGT dapat dirumuskan dari prinsip variasi. Selanjutnya dengan memilih metrik datar Friedmann-Lemaitre-Roberson-Walker dapat diformulasikan bentuk persamaan Friedmann yang relevan dengan model ekspansi dipercepat. Hasil akhirnya, dengan membandingkan massa graviton dari metode Extremely Low Energy (ELE) dapat dihitung massa kritis graviton yaitu sekitar - . .
Keyword: massa graviton, teori dRGT, persamaan medan Einstein, persamaan Friedmann, ekspansi alam semesta dipercepat