Judul: Study on the use corrugated fiber board and wood crates packaging for cantaloupe melons (Cucumis melo L.) transportation
Abstrak: Quality of horticultural post-harvest products can not be increase but it can only be maintained. Post harvest handling that appropriate is necessary to maintain product quality,one of them is to make the packaging that can keep the fruit quality to be in a good condition and also to simplify on transportation process. Product quality loss during transportation process create a significant losses into the horticulture business. The main objective of this research is to determine the affect between filler packaging and mechanical damage. The material that being used in this study, which are: melon crates, corrugated fiber board, and newspaper. The equipment used consists of vibrating table with a compressor, the scales mettler, rheometer, and refractometer. The smallest mechanical damage occurred in melons when it packaged in corrugated fiber board and wrapped newspaper, while the worst damage experienced melons are packed with wood crate without filler material. Possessed the lowest hardness melon packing crates with the treatment without filler material. Weight losses occurred in melon with packing crates without filler material. The highest total soluble solids on the last day of observation occured for the melon that packed using corrugated fiber board and melon wrapped in newspaper. Package using corrugated fiber board with melon wrapped newspaper is the best packaging for transportation. It is because mechanical damage that occurs lowest, hardness and total soluble solids are highest, and loss of weight are relatively little during storage of 15 days.
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Judul: Study on the effect of inner layer and filler materials to quality of tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in wooden box package during transportation
Abstrak: The purpose of this study were to examine the amount of mechanical damage of tomatoes in each package after transportation simulation, the effect of inner layer and filler materials to the damage of those tomatoes during transportation, and determine to the best among used inner layer and filler materials for tomatoes transportation. The study was carried out on February to April 2011 in TPPHP Laboratory of IPB. There were five packages used in this study which consist of four packages for treatment and one package for control. The four treatment packages were package with shredded newspaper filler only, package with dried banana leaves filler only, package with inner layer and shredded newspaper filler, and package with inner layer and dried banana leaves filler. The material of inner layer was a paper that usually used for packing of cement. All of the packaged were simulated on the road in the Sub’urb condition (frequency 3.23 Hz, amplitude 4.75 cm for vertical vibration, during 80 minutes) so the path length (distance) equality was 106.16 km. The package with inner layer and dried banana leaves filler material have the highest mechanical damage there is 44.96%. Then followed by the package with dried banana leaves only, the package with inner layer and shredded newspaper filler material, and the package with shredded newspaper only, those are 32.97%, 27.53%, and 25.20% respectively. On the other hand, the package for control (no treatment) have the mechanical damage in amount of 53.79%. It can be concluded that the tomatoes packaged by shredded newspaper filler only has a lowest mechanical damage, so this package should be a good package for the distribution transportation of tomatoes in wooden box.
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Judul: Eksistensi Nikah Siri di Masyarakat dan Posisi Perempuan
Abstrak: Nikah siri bukanlah merupakan fenomena baru di Indonesia, namun sudah ada sejak puluhan tahun silam, sebelum ada pencatatan pernikahan maka nikah siri adalah pernikahan yang sah menurut agama dan masyarakat, karena moda sosial ekonomi dan strategi nafkah berubah maka hak civil juga berubah dengan berbagai dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh nikah siri terutama bagi perempuan dan anak. Secara umum penelitian ini untuk mengungkap : (1) Tipologi nikah siri yang ada di Desa Warurejo dan aktor-aktor yang terlibat, fungsi manifes dan laten nikah siri pada masyarakat dan aktor-aktor yang menikmati fungsi manifes dan laten nikah siri. (2) Sistem nilai dan norma yang berlaku pada masyarakat, mengungkap pengaruh struktur terhadap posisi perempuan yang menikah siri, mendiskripsikan pemahaman agama Islam oleh masyarakat dan individu terhadap nikah siri. Pandangan individu, tokoh agama Islam, budaya, sosial dan masyarakat secara umum terhadap nikah siri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat empat tipologi nikah siri pada masyarakat Warurejo, yaitu: perjodohan antar kerabat, perjodohan oleh orangtua dan broker, menikah siri dengan batuan broker dan menikah siri atas kemauan sendiri. Nikah siri tidak hanya berdampak negatif tetapi memiliki fungsi positif yaitu mampu meningkatkan kehidupan ekonomi individu, jaringan nikah siri, Kyai dan infra struktur masyarakat. Pernikahan siri merupakan mekanisme untuk meringankan beban ekonomi orangtua. Mengawinkan anak dibawah umur walaupun dengan cara siri berarti pula meringankan beban ekonomi keluarga. Anak perempuan yang sudah menikah bukan lagi tanggungjawab orangtua, namun tanggungjawab seorang suami. Struktur berpengaruh terhadap posisi perempuan nikah siri, perempuan yang menikah walaupun siri, lebih dihormati dan dihargai dalam masyarakat daripada perempuan janda atau perawan yang belum menikah walaupun cukup umur. Selain itu, Kyai memiliki kekuasaan untuk menginterpretasikan hukum Islam untuk merasionalisasikan dan melegitimasi nikah siri, daripada melakukan perbuatan yang dilarang agama yaitu berzina dan berdosa. Interpretasi hukum agama disosialisasikan oleh Kyai bahwa sahnya suatu pernikahan dalam hukum Islam ditandai oleh adanya ijab qobul, sedangkan perayaannya merupakan sunnah yang boleh saja tidak dilaksanakan. Karena hukum agama Islam, memperbolehkan seorang laki-laki memiliki isteri lebih dari satu, sehingga terbentuk pola berupa aturan-aturan dan norma-norma untuk melegalkan nikah siri.
Keyword: Nikah siri actors, nikah siri network, economy, religious norms