Judul: Rancang Bangun dan Pengujian Mesin Pembeku Tipe Lempeng Sentuh dengan Suhu Media Pembeku Bertahap
Abstrak: Commercial freezer generally use fixed medium temperature during thefreezing process, which caused considerable destruction of exergy and is believedto be the source of energy inefficiency. Previous research has tried to design and analyse a contact plate freezer freezing process with stepping medium temperature. However, thermal losses was occured as caused by friction between the bottom of the produce with the freezing plate, and exerts 4-5 °C temperature is increased to the products. Therefore, it is necessary to design a freezer with stepping medium temperature without thermal losses. This study is devoted to the design of a contact plate freezer with variable medium temperature. The freezer is designed using one evaporator with three expansion valve, so that the temperature can be changed during the freezing process by changing the expansion valve to be used. The freezer was designed in laboratory scale using a compressor with refrigeration capacity of 718 watts. The freezing chamber has dimension of 25.1 cm × 24.7 cm × 14.8 cm with freezing plate made of copper material with a thickness of 3 mm. The results show that medium temperature of the freezer can be varied by the average temperature every stage is -4.88, -8.30, and -14.26 °C. The test results indicated that the COP of the freezer was 4.10. Pressure decrease along the evaporator ranges from 33.1 unti 100.5 kPa. Stepping medium temperature can increase the efficiency of exergy amounted 8.3 % by decreasing exergy loss amount 0.868 kJ.
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Judul: Perancangan Sistem Kendali Otomatis Untuk Penahapan Suhu Media Pembeku
Abstrak: Mesin pembeku eksergetik dengan suhu media bertahap terbukti dapat meningkatkan efisiensi eksergi. Penggunaan tiga katup ekspansi (expansion valve/EV) untuk mengatur suhu setiap tahapan proses pembekuan, yaitu precooling (penurunan suhu menuju titik beku air), freezing (proses pelepasan panas laten di titik beku), dan sub-freezing (penurunan suhu di bawah titik beku air) ternyata kurang efektif karena pengguna harus mengatur putaran baut EV setiap kali akan digunakan. Pada penelitian ini dikembangkan sistem kendali otomatis untuk mengendalikan suhu evaporator sesuai tahapan. Sistem kendali yang dirancang adalah sistem kendali dengan logika PID dengan mengatur waktu bukatutup solenoid valve (SV) untuk mengatur aliran refrigeran yang menuju EV. Sistem kendali yang dirancang menggunakan dua katup ekspansi. Katup ekspansi pertama (EV1) diatur pada suhu di bawah -20oC, sedangkan EV2 diatur pada suhu diatas 0oC. Pengaturan ini bertujuan untuk menurunkan dan menaikan suhu di antara -20oC – 0oC. Berdasarkan hasil penentuan parameter Kp, Ki, dan Kd secara trial and error didapatkan nilai 200, 50, 5 secara berturut-turut dengan error ratarata di atas setpoint sebesar 2.41oC dan error di bawah setpoint sebesar -0.98oC dan rata-rata peroide osilasi 2.5 menit.
Keyword: pembeku eksergetik, PID, katup ekspansi, solenoid valve

Judul: The Fern of West Timor  East Nusa Tenggara
Abstrak: Based on this study there are 58 species belonging to 36 genera. They are Achrosticum (1 species), Adiantum (5 species), Amphineuron (3 species), Asplenium (4 species), Athyrium (1 species), Belvisia (1 species), Botrycium (1 species), Ceratopteris (1 species), Christella (4 species), Ctenitis (1 species), Ctenopteris (1 species), Cyathea (1 species), Davallia (2 species), Dennstaedtia (1 species), Diplazium (2 species), Doryopteris (1 species), Drynaria (2 species), Dryopteris (1 species), Gleichenia (1 species), Heterogoniurn (1 species), Humata (1 species), Lycopodium (1 species), Microlepia (1 species), Microsorium (1 species), Nehprolepis (2 species), Oleandra (1 species), Platycerium (1 species), Pleocnemia (1 species), Pteris (5 species), Pyrrosia (1 species), Sellaginela (1 species), Selliguea (1 species), Sphaerostephanos (2 species), Tectaria (1 species), Trichomanes (1 species), and Vittaria (1 species).
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