Judul: Literature Study Bioactive Component in Beef: Types and Benefits
Abstrak: Salah satu produk pangan hasil ternak yang dapat memberikan efek kesehatan adalah daging sapi. Selain kandungan nutrisi yang lengkap, daging sapi juga mengandung beberapa senyawa bioaktif yang sangat bermanfaat bagi tubuh. Studi literatur ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mempelajari komponen bioaktif pada daging sapi serta peranannya terhadap kesehatan manusia. Kajian pustaka dilakukan dengan penelusuran karya tulis ilmiah pada media online. Hasil yang didapatkan berupa data sekunder mengenai senyawa bioaktif pada daging sapi dan peran senyawa bioaktif daging terhadap kesehatan. Data kemudian disintesis menggunakan metode naratif (narrative review). Senyawa bioaktif pada daging sapi, yaitu: taurin, L-karnitin, asam linoleat terkonjugasi, karnosin, koenzim Q10, anserin, glutation, kreatin dan asam lipoat. Berbagai senyawa bioaktif tersebut memiliki kadar yang berbeda dalam daging. Beberapa senyawa bioaktif pada daging sapi memiliki manfaat penting terhasap kesehatan. Senyawa bioaktif telah banyak dikaji dan diuji sifat fungsionalnya diantaranya sebagai antiinflamasi, antikanker dan antioksidan sehingga terbukti dapat mencegah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas seperti penuaan dini dan kardiovaskuler.
Keyword: beef, bioactive components, human health

Judul: A Comparison of Natural and Synthetic Antioxidants in Beef Products: A Meta-Analysis
Abstrak: Produk daging sapi sangat mudah mengalami kerusakan oleh reaksi oksidasi. Permasalahan tersebut menarik para peneliti untuk melakukan studi mengenai penambahan antioksidan alami pada produk daging sapi sebagai alternatif dari antioksidan sintetis. Berbagai penelitian yang telah dilakukan tersebut menjadi dasar untuk melakukan studi meta-analisis terhadap perbandingan antara antioksidan alami dengan antioksidan sintetis pada parameter fisikokimia dan perubahan warna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas antioksidan alami dan antioksidan sintetis dalam produk daging. Metode ini meliputi tahapan identifikasi, seleksi, pemeriksaan kesesuaian, dan penentuan artikel yang terpilih. Proses seleksi menghasilkan 12 artikel yang didapat dari basis data elektronik perangkat lunak Harzing’s Publish and Perish 8.2.3944.8118. Model meta-analisis yang digunakan pada studi ini adalah random-effect model yang melibatkan grup kontrol positif dan grup eksperimental. Nilai effect size dan standard error didapatkan dengan software OpenMEE sedangkan summary size dan Uji Egger didapat dengan menggunakan software JASP 0.14.1. Penambahan antioksidan alami menunjukkan kualitas yang sebanding dengan antioksidan sintetis (p>0,05) ditunjukkan oleh parameter bilangan peroksida, kadar asam lemak bebas, kadar karbonil, kadar metmioglobin, kapasitas mengikat air, susut masak, pH, dan hue angle. Penambahan antioksidan alami lebih tinggi (p<0,05) pada parameter b (yellowness) dan chroma. Parameter yang menunjukkan kualitas lebih rendah (p<0,05) hanya terjadi pada TBARS, a (redness) dan L (lightness). Penambahan antioksidan alami pada penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil sebanding dan dapat menjadi alternatif pengganti antioksidan sintetis., Beef products are easily damaged by oxidation reactions. These problems have attracted researchers to conduct studies on the addition of natural antioxidants to beef products as an alternative to synthetic antioxidants. The various studies that have been carried out have become the basis for conducting a comparative study between the addition of natural antioxidants and synthetic antioxidants using a meta-analysis method on several parameters. This study aimed to compare the effectiveness of natural antioxidants and synthetic antioxidants in beef products. This method included the stages of identification, selection, conformity check, and the final result was in selected articles. The selection process resulted in 12 articles obtained from the electronic database of Harzing's Publish and Perish software 8.2.3944.8118. The meta-analysis model used in this study was random-effect model involving a positive control group and an experimental group. The effect size and standard error values were obtained using OpenMEE software, while the summary size and Egger test were obtained using JASP 0.14.1 software. The addition of natural antioxidants showed comparable quality to synthetic antioxidants (p>0.05), indicated by the parameters of peroxide value, free fatty acid content, carbonyl content, metmyoglobin content, water holding capacity, cooking loss, pH, and hue angle. Natural antioxidants showed a better result (p<0,05) on parameters b (yellowness) and chroma. Parameters indicating lower quality (p<0,05) only occurred in TBARS, a (redness), and L (lightness). The addition of natural antioxidants in this study showed comparable results and could be an alternative to synthetic antioxidants.
Keyword: antioksidan alami, antioksidan sintetis, fisikokimia, oksidasi, produk daging sapi

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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