Judul: Deteksi Nilai Hambur Balik Berbagai Objek (Bola sphere, Keramba dan Dasar watertank) Menggunakan Instrumen Single Beam Transducer
Abstrak: Nilai hambur balik dari setiap target memiliki nilai hambur balik yang berbeda-beda hal tersebut di karenakan setiap target memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda-beda. Alat hidroakustik akan mengirimkan sinyal suara berupa echo ketika mengenai obyek, kemudian sinyal tersebut di tampilkan dalam bentuk echogram. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis nilai hambur balik dari objek bola sphere, karamba dan dasar watertank. Hasil yang di peroleh yaitu nilai Target Strength dari bola Sphere sebesar -40.56 ± 5.5dB untuk nilai Volume backscattering Strenght keramba sebesar -40.76 ± 3.42 dB sedangkan untuk nilai Surface Scattering Strenght dari dasar watertank adalah -1.23 ± 2.56 dB. Penelitian ini membuktikan adanya perbedaan nilai hambur balik dari setiap objek yang berbeda-beda.
Keyword: hidroakustik, hambur balik, bola sphere, karamba, watertank

Judul: Deteksi Objek Dasar di Perairan Punggur Batam berdasarkan Nilai Hamburbalik Akustik
Abstrak: Deteksi objek dasar perairan merupakan proses analisa objek yang menggunakan kemampuan teknologi sonar. Side scan sonar (SSS) adalah alat yang menggunakan komponen satu beam (Single beam) yang dapat menampilkan citra dalam bentuk dua dimensi (2D). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisa dan mendeteksi objek dasar perairan. Data side scan sonar dengan format Xtf diproses dengan menggunakan koreksi radiometrik dan geometrik melalui perangkat lunak SonarWiz 7 untuk mendapatkan klasifikasi citra. Proses ekstraksi data menggunakan perangkat lunak SeiSee 2.2 untuk menampilkan nilai amplitudo dan waktu. Trace diambil sesuai nomor ping target. Trace data dikonversi ke dalam format txt atau xls kemudian data trace diinput ke dalam perangkat lunak Matlab r2017a untuk menampilkan grafik amplitudo (mV). Analisis hamburbalik menggunakan perhitungan logaritma yaitu 20Log10 (Vt/V0) dengan Vt merupakan dominan dan V0 amplitudo maksimum. Berdasarkan hamburbalik SSS di perairan Punggur Batam diperoleh 6 target yang memiliki nilai hamburbalik -3,32 dB, -5,71 dB, -1,13 dB, -6,81 dB, -4,86 dB, dan -3,74 dB. Besar kecilnya nilai hamburbalik yang didapatkan dipengaruhi oleh amplitudo target., Detection of underwater objects is an object analysis process that uses the capabilities of sonar technology. Side scan sonar is a tool that uses Single beam which can display images in two dimensions (2D). The purpose of this study is to analyze and detect objects on the bottom of the waters. Side scan sonar (SSS) data in Xtf format was processed using radiometric and geometric corrections with SonarWiz 7 software to obtain image classifications. The data extraction process used SeiSee 2.2 software to show the amplitude and time values. Traces were taken based on the target ping number. The trace data were converted into txt or xls format then the trace data was inputted into the Matlab r2017a software to show an amplitude (mV) graph. The backscatter analysis used a logarithmic calculation, 20Log10 (Vt/V0) with Vt being the dominant and V0 being the maximum amplitude. Based on the SSS backscattering in the waters of Punggur Batam we got 6 targets which had backscatter values about -3.32 dB, -5.71 dB, -1.13 dB, -6.81 dB, -4.86 dB, and -3.74 dB. The size of the backscatter value was influenced by the target amplitude.
Keyword: Backscatter, Punggur Waters, Side Scan Sonar

Judul: Gene Editing  of Two Cyanide Synthesis-related Genes in Cassava using CRISPR/Cas9
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) contain toxic quantities of cyanogenic glucoside. Reducing the potentially toxic cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava could be achieved by gene editing through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats – CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a high- precision genome editing technique in plants. Two cassava UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGT) paralogs, UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, are the genes catalyzing the synthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in plants. The study aimed to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant vector carrying single guide RNA (sgRNA) to edit UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 genes, and transform sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct into KU50 cassava calli. Five sgRNAs were designed, considering the on/off target efficiency score and GC content. Those sgRNAs were ligated into pRGEB32 plasmid and introduced to competent Escherichia coli DH5a. The PCR colony and DNA sequencing were performed to verify the sgRNA insert. The amplicons showed the expected band size of recombinant vector (180 bp). Based on sequencing results, only one sgRNA was successfully ligated into the plasmid that will be used to edit the UGT85K5 gene. The sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct in pRGEB32 plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into KU50 cassava calli through co-cultivation. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium occurred after the co-cultivation phase.
Keyword: CRISPR/Cas9, Cyanogenic glucoside, Gene editing, sgRNA