Judul: Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Etil Asetat Imago Attacus Atlas.
Abstrak: Attacus atlas adalah salah satu jenis ngengat sutera liar yang belum banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui potensi aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak etil asetat imago Attacus atlas terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Ekstraksi sampel dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan alat incubator shaker selama 72 jam pada suhu 37 dengan kecepatan 125 rpm. Kemudian filtrat dievaporasi menggunakan alat rotary evaporator pada suhu 60 dan tekanan 0.045 mPa. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran dan dibandingkan terhadap kontrol positif (antibiotik ciprofloxacin) dan kontrol negatif (etil asetat). Hasil uji antibakteri ekstrak menunjukkan median diameter zona hambat sebesar 12.38 mm pada isolat Staphylococcus aureus dan 6.00 mm pada isolat Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Berdasarkan hasil uji tersebut diketahui bahwa ekstrak etil asetat imago Attacus atlas memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dengan kekuatan sedang (diameter zona hambat 12-16 mm) serta bersifat bakteriostatik pada Staphylococcus aureus namun tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Keyword: antibakteri, Attacus atlas, ekstrak, etil asetat, imago

Judul: Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak N-heksan Imago Attacus atlas terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Abstrak: Antibakteri merupakan suatu bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri ataupun membunuh bakteri. Antibakteri dapat bersumber langsung dari alam dan dapat dibuat secara semisintetis ataupun modifikasi molekul biosintetis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui potensi aktivitas antibakteri dari ekstrak n-heksan imago Attacus atlas terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Ekstraksi sampel dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan alat incubator shaker selama 72 jam pada suhu 37 dengan kecepatan 125 rpm. Kemudian filtrat dievaporasi menggunakan alat rotary evaporator pada suhu 60 dan tekanan 0.045 mPa selama 27 menit. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi sumuran dan dibandingkan terhadap kontrol positif (antibiotik ciprofloxacin) dan kontrol negatif (n-heksan). Hasil uji antibakteri ekstrak menunjukkan median diameter zona hambat sebesar 6.00 mm pada isolat Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Berdasarkan hasil uji tersebut diketahui bahwa ekstrak etil asetat imago Attacus atlas tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli.
Keyword: antibakteri, Attacus atlas, ekstrak, imago, n-heksan

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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