Judul: Gambaran Histologis Bursa Fabricius dan Limpa Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Ekstrak Temulawak Plus (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)
Abstrak: This research was conducted to determine the histomorphological changes of bursa of fabricius and spleen after giving curcuma extract plus. Thirty six of broiler chicken were divided into 4 treatment groups, namely P0 (control), P1 (1 ppm extract of curcuma plus), P2 (3 ppm extract of curcuma plus), and P3 (5 ppm extract of curcuma plus). The observation of the evaluated tissues were done for 3 consecutive weeks. Each treatment group was taken randomly to get its bursa of fabricius and spleen. Both of organ samples then were processed for the histological and observation using a light microscope. The parameters of observation were number of bursa of fabricius follicle, diameter of bursa of fabricius follicle and number of white pulp in spleen. The results indicated that the all of parameters decrease in 3 weeks after giving 3 treatments. The three doses indicate the best result than control. It was concluded that the morphological appearance of bursa of fabricius and spleen could be influenced by using curcuma extract plus at a various dose at the period of 3 week
Keyword: broiler chicken, bursa fabricius, Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, spleen

Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Formula Ekstrak 4 Tanaman Obat (Temulawak, Sambiloto, Meniran, Temu Ireng) terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Bursa Fabricius Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: The objective of this research is to elaborate the effects of four medicinal plants extract formulas on histopatological lesions of chicken bursa of Fabricius by examine the general lesions and measuring the area of plicae and the area of lymphoid follicles. Twenty five heads of day old chick’s were divided into five groups treatments, there were combination of (1) F1: Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., Andrographis paniculata Nees., Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract; (2) F2: Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., Phyllanthus niruri Linn., and Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. extract; (3) F3: Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb. and Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb extract; (4) F4: Phyllanthus niruri Linn. and Andrographis paniculata Nees. extract; and (5) untreated as control. The chikens were treated for 4 weeks. Result showed that there were general lesions in all treatment groups. Mild formation of cysts and deplesion of follicles were detected. Total area of follicles was increased in F3 and F4 group compared to the control groups, while the F4 group was the highest (P<0.05) in total area of follicles compared to other treated groups. We concluded that all formulas of the medicinal plants were not make histopatological lesions to chicken bursa of fabricius and the F4 group is the best formulation to increased the total area of follicles.
Keyword: 

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: