Judul: Penawaran dan permintaan susu segar di Jakarta, Bogor, Tanggerang dan Bekasi Jawa-Barat
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah: (1) mempelajari karakteris- tik peternakan sapi perah di daerah Jabotabek; (2) mempelajari penawaran susu segar oleh peternak dan koperasi primer/KUD serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya; (3) mempelajari permintaan susu segar oleh IPS serta mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhinya; dan (4) menelaah peranan koperasi dalam pemasaran susu segar."
Keyword: Animal products, Milk products, susu segar

Judul: Marketing Analysis of Milk in Cijeruk Area Bogor Regency and Pondok Rangon East Jakarta
Abstrak: Pengembangan subsektor peternakan khususnya ternak perah sangat potensial, salah satu ternak perah yang potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah sapi perah. Pengembangan suatu usaha dipengaruhi salah satunya oleh efisiensi tata niaga produknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem tata niaga susu sapi di Cijeruk dan Pondok Rangon yang meliputi saluran tata niaga, fungsi tata niaga, dan struktur pasar . Penentuan sampel peternak dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan melibatkan jumlah masing masing 20 peternak sapi perah yang berada di kawasan Cijeruk dan Pondok Rangon. Lembaga-lembaga tata niaga yang terlibat dan berperan dalam saluran pemasaran susu sapi segar yaitu konsumen, loper dan kelompok pengumpulan susu ditentukan berdasarkan informasi dari peternak sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 4 saluran tata niaga di Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera, dan terdapat 3 saluran tata niaga di Kelompok Tani Swadaya Pondok Rangon. Peternak yang ada di Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera dominan memasarkan susu melalui kelompok, sedangkan peternak yang ada di Kelompok Tani Ternak Swadaya Pondok Rangon dominan memasarkan susu melalui loper. Saluran tata niaga paling efesien adalah saluran yang memiliki biaya pemasaran sebesar Rp.0 dengan hasil farmer,’s share 100% yaitu peternak menjual susu segar langsung ke konsumen (jalur tata niaga terpendek)., The development of the livestock sub-sector, especially dairy cattle, is very potential, one of the dairy cattle that has the potential to be developed is dairy cattle. The development of a business is influenced by the efficiency of its product trading system. This study aims to analyze the trading system of cow's milk in Cijeruk and Pondok Rangon which includes the trading system, the function of the trade system, and the market structure. The determination of the farmer sample was carried out by purposive sampling technique involving the number of each of 20 dairy farmers in the Cijeruk and Pondok Rangon areas. The trading institutions that are involved and play a role in the marketing channel of fresh cow's milk, namely consumers, deliverymen and milk collection groups are determined based on information from sample farmers. Based on the results of the study, there are 4 channels of trade in the Independent Prosperous Livestock Group, and there are 3 channels of trade in the Independent Farmer Group of Pondok Rangon. Farmers in the Independent Sejahtera Livestock Group dominantly market milk through groups, while farmers in the Pondok Rangon Self-Help Cattle Farmers Group market milk through deliverymen. The most efficient trading channel is a channel that has a marketing cost of Rp. 0 with a farmer's share of 100%, that is, farmers sell fresh milk directly to consumers (shortest trade route).
Keyword: peternak rakyat, sapi perah, susu segar, tata niaga, commerce, dairy cows, fresh milk, smallholder farmers

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell