Judul: Kandungan Nutrisi serta Asam Amino pada Sosis Fermentasi Probiotik dengan Kultur Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 atau Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4
Abstrak: Sosis fermentasi adalah campuran dari daging, lemak, bumbu dan kultur starter yang dimasukkan ke dalam selongsong sosis dan mengalami pematangan. Penambahan probiotik dimaksudkan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dari produk sosis fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan nutrisi dan kandungan asam amino yang terdapat pada sosis fermentasi yang diberi penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 atau Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Ruminansia Besar dan Laboratorium Terpadu Fakultas Peternakan, Pusat Antar Universitas (PAU), dan Laboratorium Terpadu Pascasarjana, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian berlangsung dari bulan November 2011 hingga bulan Maret 2012. Penelitian diawali dengan persiapan dan pembiakan kultur Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 dan Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 kemudian dilanjutkan dengan pembuatan sosis fermentasi serta analisis nutrisi (kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat) serta kandungan asam amino. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan pada analisis nutrisi adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) sedangkan analisis data untuk kandungan asam amino adalah analisis deskriptif.
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Judul: Kualitas Fisik dan Organoleptik pada Sosis Fermentasi Daging Sapi yang diberi Kultur L. plantarum 2C12 atau L. acidophilus 2B4
Abstrak: Daging merupakan bahan pangan asal ternak yang mengandung zat-zat makanan yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh. Kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap produk olahan daging semakin meningkat. Hal ini mendorong berkembangnya teknologi dan diversifikasi pengolahan daging. Pengolahan dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai guna, daya simpan produk, dan nilai jual. Sosis fermentasi merupakan produk fermentasi olahan daging dengan menggunakan kultur bakteri asam laktat yang mengubah karbohidrat menjadi asam laktat. Sosis fermentasi mampu meningkatkan kesehatan dengan menambah jumlah bakteri baik dalam saluran pencernaan. Menurut Badan Standarisasi Nasional (1995) sosis merupakan makanan sumber protein karena mengandung lebih dari 13% protein. Bakteri asam laktat sebagai probiotik berfungsi untuk mengatur keseimbangan mikroflora dalam sistem pencernaan dan menghambat pertumbuhan mikroorganisme yang tidak diinginkan. Lactobacillus plantarum dan Lactobacillus acidophilus adalah bakteri gram positif, berbentuk batang, bersifat non motil, non spora, dan anaerob. L. plantarum 2C12 atau L. acidophilus 2B4 merupakan kandidat probiotik yang ditambahkan pada pembuatan sosis fermentasi, diharapkan menghasilkan sosis fermentasi dengan kualitas fisik yang baik.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite