Judul: Pengaruh kadmium terhadap gangguan patologik pada hati dan ginjal tikus percobaan
Abstrak: Kadmium merupakan salah satu dari berbagai jenis logam berat yang berbahaya tidak hanya untuk pertumbuhan tanaman, tetap juga bagi hewan dan manusia. Kerugian akibat cemaran kadmium tidak hanya terjadi pada tanaman yang tercemar, tetapi juga terhadap manusia dan hewan yang mengkonsumsi tanaman tersebut (Soemarwoto, O., 1998). Unsur kadmium masuk kedalam tubuh manusia melalui saluran pencernaan dan pernafasan. Kelebihan unsur kadmium pada tubuh akan terakumulasi dalam jaringan hati dan ginjal, serta mengganggu fungsi hati dan ginjal (Lajis, R., 1995). Selain itu juga keracunan kadmium pada manusia baik secara akut maupun kronis dapat mengakibatkan gangguan pada sistem pernafasan, perdarahan, gangguan terhadap pertumbuhan tulang yang menyebabkan kerapuhan tulang. Seperti yang telah terjadi di Jepang pada tahun 1947, timbul penyakit yang disebut penyakit "itai-itai" sebagai akibat dari mengkonsumsi beras yang mengandung kadar kadmium yang tinggi (Kobayashi, J., 1978). Penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Suzuki dkk. (1980) dan Roechan dkk. (1993) menunjukkan bahwa beras di Indonesia mengandung kadmium dengan kadar antara 0.03 - 0.24 µg/g dan bila dikonversikan kedalam intake harian (300 g), maka kadar kadmium tersebut sudah melampaui batas ambang yang telah ditetapkan oleh FAO-WHO yaitu 0.06 µg/g, dst
Keyword: Liver, Kidney, Experimental mouse

Judul: Keracunan Kadmium Pada Hewan Percobaan Tikus Putih (Rats), Studi Literatur Dan Percobaan Pendahuluan
Abstrak: Cadmium is considered to be a hazardous heavy metal. In industry cadmium is need as material whereas in the environment it is regards as' pollutant. Cadmium affects body's organs such as kidney, liver and the haematopoitic system. Sources of cadmium related to health is the environment. It is mainly found in volcanic emmisions, extraction from soils by plants, rocks, diffusals from mines, metal productions, metal usages, combustion of coals and other form of combustion.
Keyword: 

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory