Judul: Women Farmer Participation to Rice Farming Activity in Situgede Village West Bogor
Abstrak: Partisipasi wanita usia produktif pada sektor pertanian kian meningkat khususnya pada kegiatan usahatani padi. Wanita tani mengerjakan hampir seluruh kegiatan usahatani dimulai dari penanaman hingga pemasaran. Beberapa pekerjaan di sektor pertanian lebih cocok dikerjakan oleh wanita, seperti menanam bibit atau benih, menyiangi gulma, memupuk, menyiram dan memanen hasil pertanian. Pekerjaan tersebut membutuhkan ketelitian dan kesabaran yang cocok dikerjakan oleh wanita tani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengidentifikasi partisipasi wanita tani dalam kegiatan usahatani padi, (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan partisipasi wanita tani, dan (3) Menganalisis kontribusi pendapatan wanita tani terhadap pendapatan rumah tangganya. Penelitian ini melibatkan satu kelompok wanita tani yang dikenal dengan nama KWT Dalima. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini ialah analisis deskriptif untuk melihat tingkat partisipasi wanita tani dan analisis korelasi pearsons product moment untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor sosial ekonomi terhadap partisipasi wanita tani. Tujuan ketiga dianalisis dengan membandingkan pendapatan yang diterima wanita tani terhadap pendapatan total rumah tangganya, sehingga akan terlihat besar kontribusi wanita tani terhadap pendapatan rumah tangganya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, partisipasi wanita tani dalam usahatani padi berada pada kategori sedang, kemudian unfaktor internal yang berhubungan dengan partisipasi wanita tani di antaranya umur, pengalaman usahatani dan pengambilan keputusan, sedangkan faktor eksternal yang berhubungan dengan partisipasi wanita tani ialah akses penyuluhan. Artinya, beberapa hal tersebut perlu mendapat perhatian pemerintah terutama dalam hal akses penyuluhan yang berkaitan dengan intensitas penyuluhan, metode penyuluhan dan substansi penyuluhan. Kontribusi wanita tani terhadap pendapatan rumah tangganya ialah sebesar 24%. Jumlah ini masih termasuk dalam kategori rendah, namun masih lebih besar dibandingkan kontribusi wanita tani di negara berkembang lainnya seperti India. Hal ini mengindikasikan, peran kelompok wanita tani cukup berperan penting dalam peningkatan pendapatan wanita tani., Participation of women in the agricultural sector has increased in the last two years. This is caused by the population growth and household economy. Women's participation in the agricultural sector involved in almost all farming activities from planting to marketing. Some activities in agricultural sector such as seeding, weeding, fertilizing, watering and harvesting are more suitable to be done by women. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the participation of women farmer, the factors relate to the participation of women farmer and to analyze the contribution of women farmer to household income. The study included one group of women farmers. Data used in this research were primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by interviewing respondents using a questionnaire while secondary data was conducted using a literature review and from various related institutional sources. Data were processed using the pearson product moment correlation analysis to analyze the internal and external factors affecting women farmers' participation. The contribution of women farmers to household income measured by comparing the income received by women farmers with the income that their husbands and children received. The result showed that internal factors related to women's farmer participation were age, farm experience, and decision making, and the external factor related to the participation of women farmers were access to counseling. It means some of these things
Keyword: household, participation, women farmers contribution

Judul: The Role of Women in Increasing Household Income of Rice Farmers in Dry Land (Case Study: Mekarjaya Village, Ciemas Subdistrict, Sukabumi Regency)
Abstrak: Kondisi ekonomi keluarga petani pedesaan yang serba kekurangan menyebabkan perempuan memiliki peran ganda yaitu sebagai ibu rumahtangga sekaligus pencari nafkah baik dari kegiatan usahatani maupun non-usahatani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menganalisis peranan perempuan dalam kegiatan usahatani, 2) menganalisis peranan perempuan dalam pengambilan keputusan rumahtangga pada usahatani, 3) menganalisis kontribusi pendapatan perempuan terhadap pendapatan rumahtangga, dan 4) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi curahan waktu kerja dan pendapatan perempuan dalam usahatani dan non-usahatani. Metode analisis data dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis peran gender (analisis Harvard dan skala Likert), analisis kontribusi pendapatan, dan analisis regresi linear berganda dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kegiatan yang umumnya dilakukan oleh perempuan pada kegiatan usahatani meliputi kegiatan penanaman, penyiangan, panen, dan pascapanen. Keputusan rumahtangga yang hanya ditentukan oleh perempuan dalam kegiatan usahatani dominan adalah kegiatan manajemen keuangan usahatani. Rata-rata kontribusi pendapatan perempuan pada rumahtangga yang hanya melakukan kegiatan usahatani di ladang/kebun sebesar 2.394.098 rupiah per tahun, sedangkan pada rumahtangga yang melakukan kegiatan usahatani di ladang/kebun sekaligus sawah sebesar 1.967.954 rupiah per tahun. Faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap curahan waktu kerja perempuan dalam usahatani adalah curahan waktu kerja perempuan dalam non-usahatani, luas lahan, dan jumlah anak balita. Faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap curahan waktu kerja perempuan dalam non-usahatani adalah pendapatan perempuan dalam non-usahatani. Faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan perempuan dalam usahatani adalah luas lahan dan curahan waktu kerja perempuan dalam usahatani. Faktor yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan perempuan dalam non-usahatani adalah curahan waktu kerja perempuan dalam non-usahatani dan jumlah anak balita., The economic condition of rural farming families that are underprivilage causes women to have a dual role as housewives as well as breadwinners both from farming and non-farming activities. This study aims to 1) analyze the role of women in farming activities, 2) analyze the role of women in making household decisions on farming, 3) analyze the contribution of women's income to household income, and 4) analyze the factors that affect women's work time and income. in farming and non-farming. The data analysis method in this research is gender role analysis (Harvard analysis and Likert scale), income contribution analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method. The results of this study indicate that the activities generally carried out by women in farming activities include planting, weeding, harvesting and post-harvest activities. Household decisions that are only determined by women in dominant farming activities are farm financial management activities. The average contribution of women's income to households that only carry out farming activities in the fields/gardens is 2,394,098 rupiah per year, while in households that carry out farming activities in fields/gardens as well as rice fields are 1,967,954 rupiah per year. Factors that significantly influence women's work time in farming are women's working time spent in non-farming activities, land area, and the number of children under five. The factor that significantly influences women's work time in non-farming is women's income in non-farming. Factors that significantly influence women's income in farming are the area of land and the time spent working for women in farming. Factors that significantly influence women's income
Keyword: decision making, Harvard analysis, income contribution, multiple roles, time spent working

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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