Judul: Hubungan antara modifikasi penman dengan panci kelas a untuk menduga evapotranspirasi potensial (ETO) sebagai komponen kebutuhan air irigasi
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memodifikasikan rumus Penman untuk menduga ETo yang disesuaikan dengan kondisi iklim di Indonesia, mudah dihitung dari mencari hubungan antara ETo dari modifikasi Penman dengan yang dari metode panci kelas A. Data yang dipergunakan khususnya dari setasiun yang radiasi gelombang pendek (Rs) didapat dengan pengukuran. Oleh karena itu setasiun klimatologi, yang dipergunakan adalah Muara (Jabar), Mojosari (Jatim), Ngurah Rai (Bali), Lanrang (Sulsel) dah Kayuwatu (Sulut), masing-masing untuk data tiga tahun yaitu tahun 1978, 1979 dan 1 80. Untuk bulan-bulan basah, hubungan linier antara ETo yang didapatkan dengan kedua metode tersebut adalah baik, sedang untuk bulan kering mempunyai hubungan yang kurang baik. Analisa regresi linier data ETo dari seluruh setasiun sepanjang tahun untuk rata-rata harian dalam periode 15 hari dan satu bulan yang didapatkan dengan kedua metode tersebut, mempunyai koefisien korelasi masing-masing sebesar 0.713 den 0.757. Perlu diteliti lebih lanjut hubungan antara modifikasi Penman dan Epan untuk menduga ETo dengan data lisimeter.
Keyword: Penman modification;, Evapotranspiration;

Judul: Modifikasi Parameter Metode Pendugaan Evapotranspirasi untuk Wilayah Tropis pada 2 Elevasi Berbeda (Studi Kasus: Sukamandi dan Ngablak)
Abstrak: Evapotranspiration can be assessed by empirical models. The models of evapotranspiration developed in many subtropical regions. The objective of this research is to modify different reference evapotranspiration (ET0) models i.e. Hargreaves, Makkink and Priestley-Taylor in the tropics. The model of FAO-56 Penman-Monteith (FAO-56 PM) is used as a reference to estimates ET0. Models tested in Sukamandi and Ngablak with different elevations. Optimization methods was performed to obtain a new constant with a minimum error. The results showed that Hargreaves has a good estimation performance with a low error in Sukamandi and Ngablak. However, after the parameters optimization process, Makkink and Priestley-Taylor has a good performance in both study area. The results also showed that the performance of the models after modification are increased.
Keyword: 

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography