Judul: Aktivitas antihiperglikemik dari biomassa dan polisakarida ekstraseluler Porphyridium cruentum sebagai inhibitor alfa glukosidase
Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit yang tidak dapat disembuhkan, tetapi dapat dikontrol dengan upaya perencanaan diet, mempertahankan bobot badan normal dan melakukan cukup olah raga. Obat hanya diberikan jika setelah melakukan berbagai upaya tersebut secara maksimal tidak berhasil mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah. Salah satu jenis obat antidiabetik oral adalah golongan inhibitor α-glukosidase. Porphyridium cruentum merupakan mikroalga merah penghasil polisakarida ekstraseluler yang diduga mempunyai aktivitas inhibitor α-glukosidase yang menghambat pemecahan karbohidrat menjadi glukosa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan kurva pertumbuhan Porphyridium cruentum, mendapatkan dan mengukur polisakarida ekstraseluler dan biomassa kering dari Porphyridium cruentum, dan menganalisis aktivitas antihiperglikemik pada polisakarida ekstraseluler dan biomassa kering dari Porphyridium cruentum Fase pertumbuhan pada kultur Porphyridium cruentum meliputi fase lag, fase log, fase stasioner dan fase kematian. Fase lag terjadi sampai hari pertama, fase log terjadi pada umur 1 sampai 5 hari, fase stasioner pada umur 5 sampai 9 hari, dan setelah hari ke-9 telah memasuki masa kematian. Pemanenan dilakukan pada umur 12 hari dengan jumlah polisakarida ekstraseluler 0,215 gram/10 ml. Biomassa kering mempunyai kadar air 11,67%, kadar abu 38,34%, kadar protein 5,54%, kadar lemak 0,33%, dan kadar karbohidrat 44,12%. Selain itu juga diukur komponen aktif secara fitokimia. Biomassa kering mengandung komponen alkaloid, fenol hidrokuinon dan flavonoid, sedangkan polisakarida ekstraseluler mengandung komponen fenol hidrokuinon. Nilai inhibisi α-glukosidase pada ekstrak air biomassa kering Porphyridium cruentum didapatkan nilai rata-rata 33,82%, sedangkan nilai inhibisi α-glukosidase pada polisakarida Porphyridium cruentum didapatkan nilai rata-rata 71,57% dengan kontrol positif (acarbose) mempunyai nilai inhibisi sebesar 91%.
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Judul: Biomassa Dan Polisakarida Mikroalga Porphyridium Cruentum Yang Dipanen Dengan Metode Berbeda Serta Inhibisi Α-Glukosidase
Abstrak: Polisakarida dan biomassa Porphyridium cruentum diketahui memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat α-glukosidase. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan P. cruentum ialah proses pemanenan. Proses pemanenan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode sentrifugasi, gabungan mikrofiltrasi dan sentrifugasi serta gabungan sedimentasi dan sentrifugasi. Jumlah biomassa kering dari metode sentrifugasi, gabungan mikrofiltrasi dan sentrifugasi serta gabungan sedimentasi dan sentrifugasi berturut-turut 0,37 ± 0,01 g/L, 0,58 ± 0,12 g/L, dan 2,53 ± 0,32 g/L dengan nilai IC50 inhibisi α-glukosidase dari masing-masing ekstrak 209,67 ppm, 98,35 ppm dan 39,52 ppm. Jumlah polisakarida kering dari metode sentrifugasi, mikrofiltrasi (permeat), gabungan mikrofiltrasi dan sentrifugasi, serta gabungan sedimentasi dan sentrifugasi berturut-turut 3,44 ± 0,11 g/L, 1,36 ± 0,08 g/L, 1,72 ± 0,12 g/L, dan 2,38 ± 0,85 g/L dengan nilai IC50 inhibisi α-glukosidase dari masing-masing metode 432,17 ppm, 404,58 ppm, 267,68 ppm dan 246,39 ppm.
Keyword: biomassa, inhibisi α-glukosidase, pemanenan, polisakarida, Porphyridium cruentum

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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