Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Daily activities of hospital are continuously delivering sewage on the receiving water environment. Part of the sewage is believed to be pathogenic and potentially damaging. The hospital's liquid waste is mostly containing microorganism, poisonous chemicals, radioactive matters, and other substances endangering the water environment. Hence. the hospital could ct as a source of illness, if not having a proper treatment on its sewage. This research a aimed to: (1) Analyzing the organic sewage from the hospital to the receiving water, (2) Analyzing the community perception on the sewage and its effect on their socio-economic condition, (3) Analyzing the behavior of the organic wastes in the water environment. Comparing the result of laboratory analysis to the Minister of Environment"s Decree No identified the pollution level. Kep-58/MENLH112J1995. Oneway ANOV A test on random group design was used for determining the different contents of organic sewage of the water environment The community perception and the effect of the hospital waste on the socio-economic condition were analyzed by using Chisquare method, while the behavior of the organic waste was analyzed using the Powersim 2.Sc. The result of the analysis shows that: (1) The receiving waters around the hospitals are having a high value in TSS, turbidity, BOD, COD, DO, Ammo~ Nitrate, Coliform, and E. coli. These IPgh parameter values indicate that the water environment has been polluted by the organic sewage from the hospitals. (2) The community has a negative perception on the hospital sewage problem, however this has no effect on their socioeconomic condition. (3) The increasing value of the parameters before sewage treatment consistent according to the increment of the total number of patients. (4) When the sewage treatment program is implemented such as the sewage processing installation, there will be a decreasing trend in the parameters value, except for the BOD, Coliform and E. coli which area estimated to remain above the standard. It is recommended that: (1) a sewage treatment should be carried out on the hospital wastes, before disposed to the receiving water environment. (2) A proper sewage treatment plant should be installed according to the regulation enforcement and socialization of the awareness on the needs of clean environment.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The problem resulting from rain percolating through urban waste is transport of harmful bacteria and hazardous chemicals from dumps into groundwater and nearby lakes or streams. Another issue of the urban waste is exptosion of landfill gas and bum may cause death and property damage. This research is intended to find out: (1) the composition of polutant produced by leachate of urban waste (2) the composition of landfill gas (3) frequency of diseases around the landfill waste and (4) peroeption of the people who lived around landfill waste regarding the effect of the landfill waste. The research was conducted in TPA Bantar Gebang Sub District, Bekasi City. The research of the environmental pollution aspect was done by chembJl anatysis of sample leacheate by gas chromatography for landfill gas from Bantar Gebang landfill. Data was collected since year 1999 to 2002. The aspect of the environmental health was done by (1) survey of three residential locations with 60 respondents and (2) survey of Bantar Gebang Puskesmas. Similarly, the research of the economy aspect was carried out by survey of three residential locations and Samar Gebang site office.
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix