Judul: Efektifitas dan efisiensi kegiatan penyaradan di IUPHHK-HA (Studi Kasus di PT. Austral Byna, Kalimantan Tengah)
Abstrak: Forest harvesting activities is stages of forest management that impact negatively on the specific environment but on the other hand have a positive impact on socio-economic life. Among the stages of forest harvesting the most negative impact on the environment is skidding activities. In generaly IUPHHK-HA in Indonesia using a tractor as a skid that impact on the decline in soil quality and the residual stand damages after harvesting. That negative impact can be minimized by environmentally friendly logging, known as RIL (Reduced Impact Logging). This research aims to determine effectiveness and efficiency of skidding activities conducted by PT. Austral Byna and partners as well as knowing the implementation of the rules of RIL (Reduced Impact Logging) in skidding activities at PT Austral Byna. Field observation carried out on 8 plots consisted of 4 plot worked out by the company and 4 plot worked out by partners. The size of opened areas obtained from the openness of the area due to skid trails and the openness of the area due to landings. The effectiveness of skid trails making plan obtained by comparing length of skid trails and the number of trees to be skidded to the realization in the activities of skidding. The efficiency of activities skidding is identified by comparing the skidding of timber volume and length of skid trails in a single plot. The observation of implementation rules of RIL made by measuring several parameters of the harvesting planning maps, completeness squad skid trails, construction of skid trails and activities after skidding. The result shows that the openness of the area due to skidding by the company more than done by partners (4,74 % > 4,08 %). The effectiveness of skid trail making plan on the plot by the company is more effective than the plot worked out by partners (83,29% > 62,73%). The efficiency of skid trails on the plot by the company is bigger than plot worked out by partners (39,88 m3/hm > 31,74 m3/hm). Observation of the implementation rules of RIL indicates that there are some parameters that do not fit with RIL skidding activities such as harvesting plan map that there are no contour lines and the direction of fallen trees, not carrying a map of harvesting by the skidding team, an average width of skid trails that are still more than 4 m, skiding distances there is still greater than 400 m, construction of crossdrain still have not fit in terms of number and shape, there is no replanted in the area of the former landings, and the opening of the temporary bridge is not lifting all the wood in rivers.
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Judul: Kinerja izin usaha pemanfaatan hasil hutan kayu-hutan alam dalam pelaksanaan pemanenan hutan ramah lingkungan: studi kasus di PT. Austral Byna, Kalimantan Tengah
Abstrak: To achieve sustainability, forest harvesting using conventional techniques is changed with the implementation of forest harvesting using RIL techniques (Reduce Impact Logging). The success of sustainable forest harvesting using RIL techniques can be seen by knowing how far the management and its implementation is in accordance with a predetermined plan. To find out required achievement target measuring the implementation performance is needed. This research aims to measure the performance of friendly environmental forest harvesting and achievement of RIL implementation goal which will be measured by using the Balanced Scorecard. Performance measurement based on this method are classified into five perspectives : financial perspective, internal business process perspective, customer perspective, growth and learning perspective, and environmental perspective. The execution of RIL techniques application is considered to be quite successfully applied by PT. Austral Byna from all aspects of harvesting. However, level of supervision and socialization development of RIL in every aspect of forest harvesting so that the disccurse of the implementation of RIL is understood by the company. Achievement of PT Austral Byna at the implementation of forest harvesting and forest open area planning obtained 15.12%, this achievement past company target, at stage of logging obtained a reduction of 16.36% from company target, while on stage timber measurement, skidding, loading and unloading do not get any achievements. In the transport phase acquired 23.33% achievement from the targets that have been planned by the company. Performance of environmental forest harvesting showed a good level of achievement in four perspectives, that is financial perspective, internal business process perspective, customer perspective, and growth and learning perspective except the environmental perspective which having a poor achievement.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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