Judul: Imobilisasi Lipase dari Kapang Mucor inaequisporus dengan Matriks Penyangga Nilon dan Aplikasinya dalam Proses Interesterifikasi Enzimatik untuk Menghasilkan Komponen Cocoa Butter Equivalent (CBE)
Abstrak: Teknik Imobilisasi enzirn telah digunakan secara luas dalam rangka mengusahakan aktivitas enzim yang stabil: penggunaan berulang dan kemudahan pemisahan antara enzim dan produk. Terdapat dua faktor yang penting dalam kaitannya dengan imobilisasi enzim adalah metode dan pemilihan ~natriksp enyangga. Diharapkan dengan perbaikan pada metode dan matriks penyangga tersebut teknik i~uobilisasie nzim ini dapat me~nperbaikpi roses reaksi yang.melibatkan enzim seperti interesterifikasi enzimatik pada lemak dalam rangka menghasilkan komponen Cocou Htr/lcr I<quivalei~(/C BE) yang aslinya ~nemilikih arga yang mahal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari imobilisasi lipase mikrobial dari Mucor iizuequi.sporu.s dengan mempergunakan matriks penyangga nilon dan aplikasinya untuk proses interesterifikasi enzimatik untuk menghasilkan komponen Cocou Huiier I~quivalen/ (CBE).
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Judul: Pengembangan Proses InteresterifIkasi enzimatik dengan Lipozyme IM dan Enzim Lipase Dedak Padi untuk menghasilkan komponen Cocoa Butter Equivalent (CBE)
Abstrak: Cocoa Butter Equivalent (CBE) merupakan produk non hidrogenated yang mengandung SOS (l,3-stearoyl-2-oleoyl-glyserol), POS (l-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-3- stearoyl-glyserol) dan POP (l,3-dipalmitoyl-2-oleoyl-gliserol). Komponen triasilgliserol ini dihasilkan melalui reaksi interesterifIkasi enzimatik yang menggunakan enzim lipase spesifik 1,3 untuk memodifIkasi komponen lemak yang diinginkan. Peranan enzim lipase pada reaksi tersebut diharapkan seeara signifikan menghasilkan produk CBE dengan indeks yang mendekati, oleh karena itu dilakukan uji coba pada berbagai kondisi dan perlakuan.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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