Judul: Effect Combination of Inorganic and Liquid Organic Fertilizers on Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) with Hydroponic System
Abstrak: Tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran daun dengan gizi yang cukup tinggi. Kandungan gizi yang terdapat dalam selada dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, namun produksi sayuran di Indonesia belum memenuhi target karena lahan yang semakin berkurang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh pemberian kombinasi pupuk anorganik dengan organik cair yang berasal dari padatan kotoran sapi perah sebagai nutrisi hidroponik terhadap peetumbuhan dan produksi tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.). Penelitian dilakukan dengan 5 perlakuan yaitu kontrol sebanyak 100% AB Mix (A100P0), 75% AB Mix + 25% POC (A75P25), 50% AB Mix + 50% POC (A50P50), 25% AB Mix + 75% POC (A25P75), serta 100% POC (A0P100) dan masing-masing 3 kali ulangan dengan analisis data menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian substitusi nutrisi 50% pupuk anorganik dan 50% organik cair menghasilkan efisiensi biaya yang terjangkau dan hasil parameter pada tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, lebar daun, panjang akar, berat segar, serta berat layak konsumsi lebih baik dibandingkan nutrisi 100% pupuk organik cair.
Keyword: cow manure, inorganic, lettuce, liquid organic, nutrition

Judul: Optimization of Liquid Organic Fertilizer from Animal Manure with Indigofera for Hydroponic Lettuce Productivity
Abstrak: Tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.) adalah sayuran hijau yang memiliki kandungan gizi cukup tinggi. Usaha peningkatan produksi selada dilakukan dengan sistem hidroponik. Harga yang tinggi pada pupuk anorganik dapat diatasi dengan penggunaan alternatif nutrisi pupuk organik. Peningkatan pupuk organik cair yang terbuat dari kotoran ayam petelur, kotoran sapi perah, dan Indigofera zollingeriana dalam penelitian ini merupakan salah satu penentu kualitas pupuk organik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis respon pertumbuhan tanaman selada (Lactuca sativa L.) terhadap pemberian kombinasi pupuk organik cair dan mengkaji beberapa kandungan kombinasi pupuk organik cair. Analisis penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari 5 percobaan dan 3 ulangan, AB Mix 100% (A100C0), AB Mix 75% + 25% POC (A75C25), AB Mix 50% + 50% POC (A50C50), AB Mix 25% + 75% POC (A25C75), dan 100% POC (A0C100). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang diberi nutrisi AB Mix dengan konsentrasi yang lebih tinggi atau sama dengan pupuk organik cair dapat mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman selada secara optimal. Kandungan unsur hara pupuk organik cair yang telah memenuhi standar yaitu nitrogen (N) dan fosfor (P). Pemberian kombinasi nutrisi A75C25 dan A50C50 rata-rata memberikan hasil yang terbaik pada seluruh parameter pertumbuhan tanaman selada. Kombinasi nutrisi pupuk organik cair memiliki unsur hara makro dan hara mikro yang lengkap, namun tergolong rendah sehingga diperlukan penambahan AB Mix sebagai pelengkap nutrisi., Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) Lettuce is a green vegetable with high nutritional content. Despite its low production growth, efforts to increase lettuce production are being made through hydroponic systems. The high cost of inorganic fertilizers can be mitigated by using alternative organic fertilizer nutrients. Enhancing the quality of liquid organic fertilizers made from layer chicken manure, dairy cow manure, and Indigofera zollingeriana is crucial for formulating effective organic fertilizers. This study aims to analyze the growth response of lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) to the application of various combinations of liquid organic fertilizers and to evaluate the nutrient content of these combinations. The research design employed was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and three replications: 100% AB Mix (A100C0), 75% AB Mix + 25% POC (A75C25), 50% AB Mix + 50% POC (A50C50), 25% AB Mix + 75% POC (A25C75), and 100% POC (A0C100). The results showed that treatments with higher or equal concentrations of AB Mix compared to liquid organic fertilizers could optimally support lettuce growth. The nutrient content of the liquid organic fertilizers met the standards for nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). The combination of liquid organic fertilizers provided complete macro and micro nutrients, though generally in lower amounts, necessitating the addition of AB Mix to supplement the nutrients. The combinations of A75C25 (75% AB Mix + 25% POC) and A50C50 (50% AB Mix + 50% POC) yielded the best results on average across all growth parameters of lettuce.
Keyword: indigofera zollingeriana, liquid organic fertilizer, chicken manure, dairy cow manure, lettuce growth

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: