Judul: Molecular Docking and Virtual Screening of Natural Ingredients as Potential Anti-Glioblastoma Drugs
Abstrak: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) adalah tumor otak ganas primer yang paling umum dan agresif. Faktor pertumbuhan fibroblast growth factor 2 (FGF2) sangat penting dalam perkembangan saraf normal dan mendorong pertumbuhan glioma dan vaskularisasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan binding site antara protein FGF2 dengan FGFR 1-4 serta memperoleh senyawa aktif pada tanaman herbal Indonesia yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor FGF2 sehingga berpotensi sebagai obat kanker otak glioblastoma multiforme. Penelitian ini meliputi screening virtual dan docking molekuler menggunakan Vina pada 1496 senyawa herbal Indonesia, docking menggunakan Autodock 4.2.6, dan analisis hasil docking Autodock 4.2.6 menggunakan Ligplot+. Asam amino yang diperoleh dari protein FGF2 berikatan dengan baik pada setiap reseptor FGFR 1-4. Asam amino FGF2 yang berikatan dengan FGFR1 adalah Arg97, Arg109, Lys110, Thr112, Trp114, Gln134. Pada FGFR2 mereka adalah Tyr24, Phe31, Lys46, Ser100, Gly133, Leu140. Pada FGFR3 yaitu Pro14, Tyr24, Glu59, Gly61 , Leu98, Asr102. Di FGFR4 mereka adalah Lys26, Phe31, Arg42, Glu45, Pro49, Arg120, Lys135, Met142. Senyawa piranoamentoflavon yang terdapat pada tanaman nyamplung (Calophyllum Inophyllum), 5,3',5'-Trihydroxy- 6,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone pada tanaman kemuning (Murraya Paniculata), dan Sotetsuflavon pada obat penawar jambe (Cycas Revoluta) memiliki potensi yang baik sebagai inhibitor FGF2 sebagai obat anti kanker Glioblastoma.
Keyword: binding site, fibroblast growth factor 2, molecular docking, virtual screening

Judul: Docking of Anticancer medicinal plants as Murine Double Minute 2 Protein Inhibitor for Glioblastoma Therapy
Abstrak: Glioblastoma merupakan tumor ganas yang menyerang otak manusia dan bersifat mematikan. Malfungsi p53 merupakan salah satu penyebab ganasnya pertumbuhan tumor yang paling sering terjadi pada glioblastoma. Malfungsi p53 ini disebabkan oleh banyaknya onkoprotein murine double minute 2 (MDM2) yang mengikat p53 pada sel tumor. Oleh karena itu dilakukan inhibisi pada MDM2 untuk menghambat pertumbuhan sel tumor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan potensi senyawa bahan alam sebagai inhibitor protein MDM2 berdasarkan energi bebas Gibbs (∆G), interaksi intermolekul, dan uji Lipinski senyawa tanaman obat berpotensi antikanker secara in silico. Senyawa friedelin dan ginkgetin berpotensi paling tinggi sebagai inhibitor MDM2 dengan energi bebas Gibbs masing-masing adalah -8,70 kkal mol-1 dan -8,40 kkal mol-1., Glioblastoma is a deadly disease and a malignant tumor that attacks the human brain. The malfunction of p53 is one of the most common causes of malignant tumor growth in glioblastoma. This malfunction is caused by the accumulates of MDM2 oncoprotein that bind to p53 in tumor cells. Therefore, MDM2 was inhibited to suppress the growth of glioblastoma. This study is aimed to determine the potential of natural products as a MDM2 inhibitor based on the Gibbs free energy (∆G), intermolecular interaction, and Lipinski’s test. The friedelin and ginkgetin compound has the greatest potential as a MDM2 inhibitor with Gibbs free energy respectively -8,70 kcal mol-1 and -8,40 kcal mol-1.
Keyword: Glioblastoma, MDM2, Molecular Docking, p53

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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