Judul: Pengembangan Hutan Rakyat pada Program Tropical Forest Conservation Action Sumatra (TFCA-Sumatra) di Bengkulu
Abstrak: The United States Government and the Indonesian Government have agreed on a treaty to reduce deforestation called Tropical Forest Conservation Action Sumatra (TFCA-Sumatra) program. The development of community forests is one of the activities in the TFCA Sumatra in Bengkulu. Development of community forests is expected to reduce the rate of deforestation. However, the pattern of effective community forest management to be applied in reducing the rate of deforestation in Sumatra was unknown, especially in the TFCA program in Bengkulu. The absence of research or studies focused on the development of community forests in a forest conservation program. Therefore, the aims were to identify development patterns of community forest management in the TFCA Sumatra program in Bengkulu, analyze the revenue contribution, analyze the influential factors of community forest development ini TFCA-Sumatra, and identify community forest institution in the TFCA-Sumatra program in Bengkulu. The study was conducted in the village to implement community forest management and engage the TFCA-Sumatra program in Bengkulu Province. Additionally, implemented in the village built South Bengkulu District Forestry Office. The village, which is Air Sulau Village and Kayu Ajaran Village, South Bengkulu Regency. The respondents selection was conducted by purposive sampling, and the data was collected using observations, interviews, and literature study. The analysis was performed using descriptive-qualitative and quantitative methods for the development patterns of community forest management in the TFCA Sumatra program and the revenue contribution of development pattern of community forest. The analysis of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) used Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) for the factors that influenced development patterns of community forest in TFCA-Sumatra program. Meanwhile, the stakeholder analysis used for the community forest institution analysis. The research results showed that the development pattern in the community forest in the TFCA program in Bengkulu is a combined cropping pattern with full subsidy. In addition to combined cropping, agroforestry cropping patterns are also being developed by farmers. Developed combined cropping pattern is dominated by types of plants such as rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). Perennials in addition to the rubber, which was developed in farmers' lands are dominated by Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). By source of funds, community forest development pattern can be divided into community forest with full subsidies, subsidized loans and self-help. The revenue contribution to the efforts to develop community forest is the largest contribution to total income received by farmers in the TFCA-Sumatra program. The largest contribution received by farmers in the management of community forest in three strata with an area less than one hectare. While revenue from trading businesses was the largest net income in non-farm obtained. Sources of community forest farmers' income comes from three sources, namely community forest, non community forest/farming and non farming. The factors that affected significantly the development of community forests in the TFCA-Sumatra program in Bengkulu is factors internal characteristics (level of education, the mastery of rice, dry land tenure and non-farm income) and factors external characteristics (price and policy). Factors internal and external characteristics affect the motivation of farmers in the community forest management in Bengkulu. The motivation of farmers is greatly affects of community
Keyword: Community forests, institution, revenue contribution, development pattern, TFCA-Sumatra

Judul: Community based protection forest management program in kesatuan pemangkuan hutan perhutani bandung selatan : analysis of economic household behaviors
Abstrak: The Island of Java is inhabited by more than 60 % of Indonesian population. Imbalanced redistribution of population and land control has caused pressure to the environment, particularly the natural resources. A breakthrough to overcome the degradation of environment resulted from the population desperate need for land is a Community Based Forest Management Program (CBFMP) which provides the community with opportunity to develop agroforestry activities in the forest. The objectives of this research consist of : (1) to analyze the factors that influence the economic decision by households in time allocation for work, production, income, and expenditure, (2) to make a simulation of the effect of changes in the external and internal factors on households’ economic behaviors, and (4) to analyze the institutional aspects related to partnership contract in CBFMP. The analysis consisted of two household economic models, namely, CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle. Alternative policies were simulated in econometric models in the form of simultaneous equations consisting of 13 structural equations and 15 identity equations for the model of Coffee CBFMP, and 14 structural equations and 20 identity equations for the model of Grass and Cattle CBFMP. The method of Two-stage Least Squares (2 SLS) was used to estimate the parameters of structural equations. The research analyzed 12 simulation scenarios consisting of 12 external factors change (policy factors) impact. In general, Scenario 9 (the combined scenarios of the decreased debt rate with the increased price of input and labor wages) and Scenario 5 (the combined scenarios of the increased price of output with the increased price of input and labor wages) can be recommended as the best policy to empower the community around the forest (CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle) for the reason that it can accommodate the interests of various parties, namely: (1) the interest of community by increasing income and welfare, (2) government’s interest by improving agricultural productivity and securing vital projects in the upstream downstream of watershed area, (3) the interest of Perum Perhutani by preserving its protection forest, and (4) the importance of environment by the reduction of natural resource degradation. In addition, from the results of institutional analysis, it is recommended that the institution of CBFMP require improvement at the micro level, i.e. building a more mutually beneficial partnership contract between farmers taking part in CBFMP and Perum Perhutani.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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