Judul: Green Open Spaces Planning to Reduce the Urban Heat Island Phenomenon In Makassar City
Abstrak: Peningkatan jumlah penduduk di wilayah perkotaan berpengaruh pada pembangunan di perkotaan, mengakibatkan perubahan pada penggunaan lahan dan perubahan fungsi lahan. Akibatnya ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) di Kota Makassar mengalami penurunan dan tidak sebanding dengan pembangunan yang terjadi. Salah satu isu lingkungan yang sering terjadi di wilayah perkotaan adalah Urban Heat Island (UHI) yaitu peningkatan suhu udara wilayah perkotaan dibandingkan dengan wilayah perdesaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan perubahan suhu permukaan dan distribusi suhu permukaan di Kota Makassar pada tahun 1999, 2009, dan 2019, melakukan analisis intensitas UHI di Kota Makassar dan membandingkan secara spasial dan menyusun rencana ruang terbuka hijau untuk mengurangi fenomena UHI. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kota Makassar dan Kabupaten Gowa, Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan September 2019 hingga September 2020. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode perencanaan Simonds yang terdiri dari tahap persiapan, research/pengumpulan data, analisis, sintesis, dan perencanaan. Pada tahap pengumpulan data, digunakan analisis spasial sebagai metode dalam pengumpulan data dengan menggunakan Citra Landsat ETM+ 7 dan Landsat 8 OLI path 114-row 64 dari United States Geological Survey (USGS). Berdasarkan hasil analisis perubahan tutupan lahan di Kota Makassar dalam 20 tahun, terjadi penurunan pada beberapa tutupan lahan yaitu badan air sebesar 0.9%, lahan terbuka sebesar 5.9% dan lahan bervegetasi sebesar 8.6%, sedangkan lahan terbangun mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 13.1%. Terjadi peningkatan nilai rerata land surface temperature (LST) di Kota Makassar sebesar 0.39°C, dengan distribusi suhu pada kelas 30-32°C dan 32-34°C mengalami peningkatan dalam luas, sedangkan untuk rentang 24-26°C, 26-28°C dan 28-30°C mengalami penurunan luasan distribusi LST. Hasil analisis regresi antara luas RTH dan suhu udara di Kota Makassar diperoleh hasil regresi Y=35.17 – 0.30X dengan R2 = 0.27, hubungan luas RTH dengan kelembaban udara yaitu Y = 33.41 + 0.52x dengan nilai R2 = 0.06 dan hubungan antara RTH dengan nilai LST adalah Y = 31.87 - 0.37x dengan R2 sebesar 0.28. Intensitas UHI di Kota Makassar sebesar ±7.46°C dan jika dilakukan pelebaran wilayah sebesar 5 km ke Kabupaten Gowa, diperoleh intensitas urban heat island sebesar ±7.67°C. Perbedaan nilai intensitas UHI sebesar 0.21°C menggambarkan adanya perbedaan suhu antara wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan. Area prioritas perencanaan di Kota Makassar yaitu di Kecamatan Makassar dan Kecamatan Mariso dengan hasil skoring 16. Adapun rekomendasi perencanaan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Makassar untuk mengurangi fenomena UHI yaitu pengembangan jalur hijau jalan, sempadan kanal, vertical greenery system, taman lingkungan dan memanfaatkan pekarangan masyarakat., The increase in population in urban areas affects development in urban areas, resulting in changes in land use and changes in land functions. As a result, the availability of green open space (GOS) in Makassar City has decreased and is not commensurate with the development that is taking place. One of the environmental issues in urban areas is Urban Heat Island (UHI), namely the increase in air temperature in urban areas compared to rural areas. This study compares changes and distribution of land surface temperature in Makassar City in 1999, 2009, and 2019, Analyses the intensity of Urban Heat Island in Makassar City, compares spatially, and Develops plans for green open spaces to reduce the Urban Heat Island phenomenon. This research was
Keyword: green open space, land surface temperature, landscape planning, urban heat island

Judul: Study of Green Open Space's Development as a Mitigation of Urban Heat Island in Depok Cityscape, West Java
Abstrak: Depok City is a one of Satelit’s Jakarta which had its own problematique that related to green open space’s transisitions to built up area as a consequency of population’s increasingly throughout urbanization. Therefore, study about development of green open space (GOS) at any landscape typologi should be held holistically that implicate citizens, local government, and stakeholders, so the enhancement of UHI intensity could be prevented as soon as possible. GOS developments at private and public area are also should be appropriate to Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) on between 2012 and 2032. The symptom of UHI intensity could be detected by using Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS mechanism on path 122 and row 64 which showed us the degradation of vegetation area since 2016 till 2021. On 2011, vegetation’s commodious of the city is 44,86%; 33,98% on 2016; and then decrease to 29,20% on 2021. In otherwise, the extended of built up area increase significantly on the same time. The result report that built up area’s commodious on 2016 is 17,80%; 29,59% on 2016; and then 37,03% on 2021. This transition is also making vegetation area which had high density to very high density decrease revelatory on between 2011 and 2021. The high density vegetation on 2011 is 1549,64 ha; but unfortunately it was decrease to 917,34 ha on 2016; and redecrease to 698,25 ha on 2021. On the same moment, very high density vegetation had also decreasing continously from 2.184,71 ha on 2011; 2.086;92 ha on 2016; and 1.199,42 ha on 2021. The diminish of vegetations had caused by the escalation of Land Surface Temperature (LST), and city temperature revelatory. Every alleviation of 1,76 ha GOS can improve LST till 0,11ºC, and city temperature till 0,17ºC. As we know, the percentage of LST which had range 27ºC until more than 33ºC is 5,59% on 2011; then rising revelatory till 15,04% on 2016; and 27,97% on 2021. The highest priority of GOS’s development would be applied at any sub-districts that gain highest class of UHI intensity (4th class), such as Beji, Cimanggis, Cipayung, Pancoran Mas, and Sukmajaya which had high density of built up area. The application of GOS’s development through inculcation of plants which having high density canopy in many stratification should be applied, so the surface temperature of the city could be decreased 1,04ºC and the average temperature of whole city would be repaired to 1,61ºC.
Keyword: green open space, Landsat 8, land surface temperature, urban heat island, Landsat 7

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
Keyword: