Judul: Kajian probiotik, prebiotik dan sinbiotik untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstrak: Penambahan probiotik pada pakan telah banyak diaplikasikan pada kegiatan akuakultur dan terbukti telah memberikan efek yang menguntungkan bagi ikan (Kesarcodi-Watson et al. 2008). Namun, aplikasi probiotik memiliki kelemahan, yaitu kemampuan survival, kolonisasi, dan kompetisi nutrien dari bakteri probiotik ini cukup bervariasi. Dalam hal ini, dibutuhkan pendekatan lain yang dapat mengatasi keterbatasan tersebut, salah satunya adalah melalui aplikasi prebiotik.
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Judul: Application of Probiotics from Different Genera to Improve Growth Performance and Health Status of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Fry
Abstrak: Sejalan dengan perkembangan usaha budidaya ikan nila, terdapat beberapa masalah yang dihadapi pembudidaya salah satunya penyakit infeksius. Penyakit infeksius dapat mengganggu sistem metabolisme, memengaruhi pertumbuhan bahkan kematian massal. Penggunaan probiotik dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mencegah penyakit infeksius. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis aplikasi probiotik dengan genus berbeda, yaitu S. lentus L1k dan B. cereus BR2 melalui pakan dalam meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan status kesehatan benih ikan nila. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan nila dengan panjang 5,22±0,33 cm dan bobot 2,23±0,10 g. Ikan dipelihara selama 42 hari dan diberi pakan suplementasi dengan pemberian pakan tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan yang terdiri dari K (kontrol), S (S. lentus 106 CFU mL-1 ), B (B. cereus BR2 106 CFU mL-1 ), SB (S. lentus L1k 106 CFU mL-1 + B. cereus BR2 106 CFU mL-1 ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan nila yang diberi probiotik monospesies S. lentus L1k dan B. cereus BR2, serta kombinasi keduanya mampu meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan status kesehatan benih ikan nila. Hasil penambahan probiotik monospesies S. lentus L1k dan B. cereus BR2 tidak memberikan efek berbeda dengan penambahan probiotik dual-spesies S. lentus L1k dan B. cereus BR2.
Keyword: Bacillus cereus BR2, blood, enzyme, enzyme, Oreochromis niloticus, Staphylococcus lentus L1k

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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