Judul: Studi Keragaman dan Kelimpahan Jenis Burung dan Mamalia pada Beberapa Areal Bekas Tebangan dan Hutan Primer di Areal HPH PT. Narkata Rimba, Kalimantan Timur
Abstrak: The subject of the study is to know the birds and mammals biodiversity on several locations on logged-over area, primary forest, relationship to habitat characteristic and microclimate. Study was conducted on 7, 5 year and 1 month logged-over area and primary forest. IPA method was used on bird inventory and transects for mammals in each location, line-plot was used on vegetation analysis and plot used for microclimate measurements which representative to 3-class canopy cover (75%, 50-75%, and GO%). A total of 146 identified species of birds and 27 species mammals was recorded all over location. A total of 359 of birds from 98 species (H'=4.155), and 106 of mammals from 6 species (H'=2.13) were recorded at Virgin Forest (HF). A total of 527 birds from 87 species (H1=4.087), and 99 of mammals from 22 species (H1=2.68) were recorded at 7 years logged-over area (H7). A total of 89 birds from 89 species (H'z4.074) and 139 of mammals that belongs to 20 species (H'=2.36) were recorded at 5 years logged-over area (H5). A total of 372 birds that belongs to 80 species (H'=3.796) and 100 of mammals from 14 species (H1=1.77) were recorded at 1 month logged-over area (Hl). The relationship between total of species, individual and index of diversity with the habitat characteristic using multiple regression indicated by coefficient of determination are 0.75, 0.82 and 0.72. Beside that, the index of diversity have a high relationship with microclimate that indicated by 0.97 of coefficient determination.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman jenis burung pada beberapa tipe habitat di Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan Lampung
Abstrak: Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) is part of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The area called Tambling (Tampang-Belimbing) is a conservation area that conserve high biodiversity. TWNC is managed by PT Adhiniaga Kreasinusa (AKN). The purposes of this research are 1). to compare the diversity of bird species at several types of habitat in TWNC, those are coastal forest, lowland forest, plantation and grassland. 2). to identify the difference of bird species composition among types of habitat. 3). to know the local birds distribution related to the types of habitat in TWNC. This research was conducted from August to November 2009. Data of birds was collected using MacKinnon species list and point count method or IPA (Ponctuel Indices d'Abondance). Data of habitat was collected using vegetation analysis and habitat used approach. Data of vegetation was collected by sampling plot 20 x 100 m. T-test was used to determine differences in bird species diversity among the coastal forest, lowland forest, plantation, and grassland habitats at the 95% confidence level. The vegetation in the coastal forest habitat was dominated by beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) with Important Value Index (IVI) 114.49%. In the lowland forest habitat was dominated by meranti (Shorea sp) with IVI 66.71%. Vegetation in plantation habitat consisted of coffee (Coffea robusta) and cacao (Thebroma cacao). Grassland habitat is dominated by species kerawatan (Cyonodon dactylon) and rumput jarum (Andropoghon aciculatus). The total bird species found in four types of habitat were 116 species, comprising 38 families. Twenty-eight species are categorized as protected by Indonesian government regulation No. 7 of 1999, 12 species are listed in the IUCN (Critically Endangered and Near Threatened), and 19 species are listed in CITES (Appendix I and II). The highest bird Diversity Index was found in plantation habitat (H’=2.93). The Evenness Index in four habitat types are distributed evenly. The habitats that have the highest similarity are between lowland forest and plantation habitats (ISJ=0.54). T-test results shows that there is no significant differences among four habitats in terms of birds diversity, it was predicted because of small sample size and a narrow area of research. Bird species in each habitat type has a different level of dominance. Regarding vertical distribution, birds in coastal forest lived in C to E strata. Vertical distribution of birds in lowland forest was found in A to E strata. Vertical distribution of birds in plantation habitat was found from C to E strata. While in grassland habitat birds were only found in E strata. The common bird activities were perching, singing, flying, and walking. Bird activity that was mostly found at coastal forest, lowland forest, and plantation was perching. At grassland habitat, common bird activity was walking.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4