Judul: Formulasi Chocolate Filling dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Perubahan Mutu Roti Manis
Abstrak: Sweetbread filled with chocolate is the most popular but this bread’s crumb generally becomes hard (staling) faster. Lower water activity of filling than crumb could drive water movement from the crumb into the filling caused crumb become dry and hard. The purpose of this research are to study the effects of the type and the percentation of emulsifiers (SSL and GMS; 0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, 1.4%) and margarines (Blueband and Simas Palmia; 25.5%, 27.5%, 29.5%, 31.5%) to the characteristic of chocolate filling and study the chocolate filling effect on quality changes of sweetbread. The selected formulas from those formulations were applied in sweetbread and sensorically evaluated with hedonic’s rating test. Texture profile, water content, and water activity of sweetbreads filled with chocolate were analyzed for 5 days of storage in room temperature. The type and the percentation of emulsifiers had significant effects on the viscosity, water activity, and emulsion stability of chocolate filling (p<0.05). The selected formulas were 1.2% SSL and 1.2% GMS. The following step showed that the combination of margarine-emulsifier and margarine percentation had significant effects on the emulsion stability and viscosity of chocolate filling (p<0.05). The selected formulas that filled into sweetbread were BB SSL 25.5%, SP SSL 27.5%, BB GMS 29.5%, dan SP GMS 27.5%. Organoleptic test showed that panelist preference on the aroma, color, and texture attributes of sweetbreads filled with different chocolate filling formulas are not significantly different including with the commercial product (p>0.05). Chocolate filling formulas and storage’s time significantly affected the value of hardness, chewiness, and water content of the crumb also the water content and water activity of chocolate filling in the sweetbread (p<0,05). The lowest rate of crumb hardness during storage was the sweetbread filled with chocolate GB3 (GMS 1.2%: BB 29.5%).
Keyword: water activity, viscosity, texture profile, sweetbread, formulation, emulsion stability, chocolate filling

Judul: Optimization of the Use of Inulin and Spread Fat in Chocolate Spread No Added Sugar
Abstrak: Cokelat merupakan salah satu produk yang banyak disukai oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Salah satu produk cokelat adalah cokelat pasta (chocolate spread). Cokelat pasta adalah cokelat yang bertekstur pasta dimakan bersama roti dengan cara dioles namun juga digunakan sebagai isian roti dan biskuit. Produk harus memiliki karakter tidak mengeras selama penyimpanan pada suhu kamar. Cokelat pasta adalah dispersi padatan halus dalam fraksi lipid. Produk ini dapat diproduksi melalui emulsi air-dalam-minyak. Emulsi cokelat pasta biasanya terbuat dari lemak nabati, bubuk kakao, gula, susu bubuk, pengemulsi dan perisa. Kandungan lemak dari cokelat pasta bervariasi, umumnya terdiri dari 40% - 44% kandungan lemak sedangkan untuk cokelat pasta rendah lemak memiliki kisaran kandungan lemak 28% - 35%. Dewasa ini masyarakat semakin menginginkan cokelat sebagai pangan fungsional yang lebih bervariasi, seperti cokelat rendah kalori, rendah gula bahkan tanpa gula sama sekali. Salah satu cara yang bisa dilakukan adalah dengan mensubstitusi gula dengan pemanis dan serat. Serat merupakan golongan oligosakarida tetapi sangat berkontribusi dalam pengurangan kalori secara signifikan. Salah satu serat yang dapat digunakan dalah inulin. Inulin sebagai bahan pangan fungsional, berkontribusi terhadap kesehatan dan mengurangi risiko banyak penyakit. Kandungan energi inulin hanya 40-50% dari karbohidrat yang bisa dicerna, dan memiliki kalori 1.0-2.0 kcal / g. Pengembangan produk cokelat pasta tanpa penambahan gula ini bisa menjadi alternatif pangan fungsional sehingga memerlukan proses optimasi formulasi agar produk dapat diterima dengan baik oleh konsumen berdasarkan sifat fisikokimia maupun sensorinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formulasi optimal dengan menggunakan inulin dan spread fat yang tepat serta karakterisasi fisikokimia dan sensori formula optimal produk cokelat pasta tanpa penambahan gula. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan eksperimen data Response Surface Methodology (RSM) metode D-Optimal dengan variabel inulin dan spread fat dengan responnya adalah spreadability, kadar lemak total, kadar gula total, dan kesukaan keseluruhan. Karakteristik fisikokimia dan sensori dari formulasi optimal yang dihasilkan spreadability, viskositas, analisa proksimat, gula total, serat pangan total dan asam lemak trans. Analisa sensori melalui uji kesukaan hedonik dan uji deskriptif dengan metode Quantitative Descriptive Analysis (QDA). Hasil penelitian menghasilkan formula optimal cokelat pasta tanpa penambahan gula dengan menggunakan inulin 38,40% dan spread fat 41,60%. Karakter fisikokimia dan sensori formula optimal yang diperoleh yaitu spreadability 17,35 mm, viskositas 862600 cPs, kadar air 0,74%, kadar abu 1,27%, kadar lemak 45,11%, kadar protein 4,10%, kadar karbohidrat 48,79%, kadar gula total 7,07%, kadar serat pangan total 37,38%, dan asam lemak trans tidak terdeteksi. Berdasarkan uji hedonik skala 1 – 7, produk memiliki skor warna 5,78, tekstur 5,96, aroma 5,46, rasa 5,81, dan kesukaan keseluruhan 5,88. Perbandingan karakteristik fisikokimia dan sensori formula optimal dengan kontrol dapat disimpulkan bahwa sifat fisik spreadability dan viskositas tidak terdapat perbedaan hasil yang signifikan. Hasil analisis proksimat (kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, karbohidrat) dan kandungan asam lemak trans juga tidak berbeda signifikan. Kadar gula total dan serat pangan total berbeda sangat signifikan yang disebabkan oleh penggunaan inulin sebagai pengganti sukrosa. Hasil uji penerimaan hedonik terhadap parameter warna, tekstur, aroma, rasa dan kesukaan keseluruhan juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara formula optimal dengan formula kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil analisis QDA, sampel formula optimal tidak berbeda signifikan dengan kontrol dalam parameter rasa
Keyword: chocolate spread, functional food, inulin, response surface methodology, spread fat, chocolate spread, functional food, inulin, response surface methodology, spread fat

Judul: Manajemen Pemeliharaan Kuda (Equus caballus) Untuk Upacara Kenegaraan Dan Sarana Kesenjataan Di Detasemen Kavaleri Berkuda (DenKavkud) TNI-AD Parongpong
Abstrak: Cavalry Horse Detachement (Denkavkud) Indonesian National Army-Cavalary Parongpong is one of the Indonesian military units that utilize the horse and train it as a means of purpose of formal state ceremony and armed forces. Skills possessed by the horse cavalry was the result of care management and specialized training provided by the trainer. Aspects of care management are breeding, feeding, and management. Horses that are kept in the Denkavkud, Parongpong are stallions, mares, foals, and military horses. Total populations of horses at Denkavkud are 183 horses. Besides commited horse training (remonte), Denkavkud also did breeding program to produce horses that can be trained and used as a military horse. There are some issues contained in Denkavkud, such as some of the nutrients needed by the horses not being met from feed given. One of these is crude protein and lysine. Lactation mares was crude protein and lysine deficiency. The number of death in 2010 is higher than previous years. Based on the number of horses that died from January until June 2010 is 11 horses. The average mortality was caused by colic. Colic is caused by excessive eating, excessive drinking during hot, moldy food, and even by investment roundworms. Animal welfare in Denkavkud can be enhanced by improvement of feed given and improving the health of livestock through improved sanitation.
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