Judul: Penyelesaian Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Menggunakan Algoritme Clarke-Wright dan Algoritme Genetika
Abstrak: Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) merupakan salah satu variasi dari Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) dengan kapasitas angkut kendaraan sebagai kendala yang dihadapi. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini. Pada karya ilmiah ini, digunakan algoritme Clarke-Wright dan algoritme genetika untuk menyelesaikan CVRP. Pada tahap pertama algoritme Clarke-Wright digunakan untuk pembentukan grup dari sejumlah pelanggan berdasarkan konsep penghematan jarak. Tahap kedua digunakan algoritme genetika untuk penentuan rute pendistribusian di setiap grup yang sudah terbentuk. Model diimplementasikan pada pendistribusian roti. Hasil implementasi model memperlihatkan algoritme yang diusulkan lebih baik dibandingkan dengan algoritme greedy., Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP) is a variation of Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP) with the vehicle carrying capacity as an obstacle. There are several methods that can be used to solve this problem. In this scientific work, the Clarke-Wright algorithm and genetic algorithm are used to solve CVRP. In the first step, the Clarke-Wright algorithm is used to form groups of a number of customers based on the concept of distance saving. In the second step, genetic algorithms are used to determine the distribution route in each group that has been formed. The model is implemented in bread product delivery. The result of model implementation shows that the proposed algorithm is better than the greedy algorithm.
Keyword: Clarke-Wright algorithm, CVRP, genetic algorithm

Judul: Solving the Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem Using the Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm
Abstrak: Capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) merupakan salah satu permasalahan pendistribusian yang memperhatikan kendala kapasitas kendaraan. Ada beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan ini. Pada karya ilmiah ini, digunakan metode meta-heuristic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) dengan bantuan algoritme Sweep. Pada tahap pertama algoritme sweep digunakan untuk pembentukan grup dari sejumlah pelanggan berdasarkan urutan sudut polar setiap posisi pelanggan terhadap depot. Selanjutnya algoritme PSO digunakan dalam penentuan rute pendistribusian di setiap grup. Diawali dengan inisialisasi parameter yang digunakan. Kemudian membangkitkan kecepatan dan posisi awal secara acak. Tahap selanjutnya menghitung nilai fungsi tujuan serta yang terakhir menentukan P_best (posisi terbaik dari suatu partikel) dan G_best (posisi terbaik dari seluruh partikel). Aplikasi permasalahan CVRP pada karya ilmiah ialah penentuan rute pendistribusian roti dengan meminimumkan jarak tempuh., Capacitated vehicle routing problem (CVRP) is one of the distribution problem that takes into account vehicle capacity constraints. There are several methods that can be used to solve this problem. In this research, the meta-heuristic Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) method is used with Sweep algorithm. In the first step, the sweep algorithm is used to form a group from a number of customers based on the polar angle order of each customer position towards the depot. Furthermore, the PSO algorithm is used in determining of distribution routes in each other. Starting with the initialization of the parameter used. Then increase the speed and starting position randomly. Next stage is to calculate the objective function value and the last is measuring P_best (best position of a particle) and G_best (best position of all particles). The application of CVRP problems in this research is determining of route distribution of the bread by minimizing the mileage.
Keyword: CVRP, meta-heuristic, particle swarm optimization, sweep algorithm

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity