Judul: Senyawa Golongan Alkaloid Ekstrak Buah Mahkota Dewa sebagai Inhibitor α-Glukosidase
Abstrak: The crown of God Fruit is believed to cure diabetes mellitus. The objective of this study is to investigate the highest inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase from alkaloid extract of the fruit by in vitro method. Three levels of ripeness used in this study i.e. dark red, red-greenish, and green-reddish. The result showed that alkaloid from red-greenish crown of god fruit extract had the highest inhibition activity of 36.80%, but was lower than acarbose which has 97.73%. Fractionation of alkaloid extract obtained 5 fractions from red-greenish crown of god fruit was done by column cromatography with the eluent of chloroform:ethanol (17:3). Inhibiton activity of each fractions to α-glucosidase was examined and it was obtained that the most active fraction was fraction 5 with inhibition activity value of 87.29%. Further identification of fraction 5 with infrared spectrophotometrer showed the presence of possible functional groups; there were –OH stretching at 3408.87 cm-1 of wave-number, C=C aromatic stretching at 1616.91 cm-1 and C-N amine aromatic stetching at 1279.88 cm-1, which was strengthened by overtone band at 617.21 cm-1. Based on those result, it could be predicted that the alkaloid compound was alkaloid with nitrogen atom in the aromatic ring.
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Judul: Isolasi Fraksi Flavonoid sebagai Inhibitor Enzim α-Glukosidase dari Buah Mahkota Dewa
Abstrak: Mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa) empirically recognized as anti-diabetic. This claim requires further analysis, one of it by enzymatic inhibition assay using α-glucosidase enzyme. This intestinal enzyme produce in the jejunum catalyzed the breakdown of glycogen to glucose which increased blood sugar level therefore, elevating the risk of diabetes. Efforts to inhibit this enzyme could decrease postprandial blood sugar level. The aim of experiment was to determine the most active flavonoid subgroup which inhibited α-glucosidase enzyme of fruit etanol extract from mahkota dewa initiated with liquid partition and was continued with flash chromatography partition. Fruit pericarp is macerated using 3 different solvents (water, ethanol 96%, and n-hexane). Dry extract was analyzed for its water content, ash content, phytochemical content, and inhibition activity of α-glucosidase enzyme using modified Kawaniski method. The most active isolate is analyzed further using flash chromatography. Fruit pericarp water concentration was 9,42%. Phytochemical compound of the extracts were alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins. saponins, steroids, but do not contain triterpenoids. Amyl alcohol fraction has the highest inhibition to α-glucosidase of 40,04%, for the ethyl acetate fraction only 25,26%, and glucobay as positive control was 97,45%. Further analysis with flash chromatography using solvent of the best resolution was chlorofom:methanol with ratio of 9:1 which showed that amyl alcohol fraction contain flavonoid from several classes of isoflavon, flavon, flavonol, and flavanon. This result showed that the flash chromatography partition has not succeeded to separate the subgroup of flavonoid which was active to inhibit α-glucosidase enzyme.
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Judul: Rekonstruksi Persamaan Pauli dan Representasi Kuantum Entanglement Berdasarkan Interpretasi Kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich.
Abstrak: Mekanika kuantum merupakan teori fundamental yang telah memberikan kontribusi besar dalam perkembangan sains dan teknologi hingga saat ini. Namun masih banyak masalah fundamental terkait realita fisis postulat-postulat dan perumusan mekanika kuantum yang menimbulkan pertanyaan. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan banyak perdebatan dan interpretasi yang berbeda mengenai fundamental teori mekanika kuantum. Salah satu interpretasi mekanika kuantum yang menggunakan dasar mekanika statistik klasik adalah interpretasi Budiyono-Rohrlich (BR). Interpretasi kuantum BR merupakan interpretasi mekanika statistik klasik yang menggunakan aksioma ontic extension dan epistemic restriction serta memuat tiga teorema untuk menjelaskan kuantum entanglement, prinsip ketidakpastian Heisenberg dan merekonstruksi persamaan Schrodinger. Namun, interpretasi kuantum BR belum melibatkan spin dalam perumusannya. Persamaan Schrodinger yang melibatkan interaksi elektromagnetik dan keadaan spin disebut sebagai persamaan Schrodinger-Pauli atau persamaan Pauli. Asumsi pemisahan distribusi probabilitas untuk keadaan spin-up dan spin-down dapat digunakan untuk merekonstruksi persamaan Pauli. Proses formulasi persamaan menggunakan aksioma ontic extension dan epistemic restriction dalam interpretasi kuantum BR serta menggunakan prinsip konservasi, yaitu konservasi energi rata-rata dan kontinuitas probabilitas. Formulasi ini juga dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan persamaan dinamika dan representasi kuantum entanglement dua partikel, namun menggunakan asumsi pemisahan distribusi probabilitas yang berbeda, yaitu untuk masing-masing keadaan yang mungkin dari dua partikel tersebut. Dalam formulasi ini, spin sebagai intrinsik momentum sudut tidak dapat dinyatakan dalam epistemic restriction, melainkan menggunakan definisi operator.
Keyword: Budiyono-Rohrlich, entanglement, epistemic, ontic, Pauli, spin