Judul: Perubahan Proporsi Jumlah Streptococcus mutans terhadap Total Bakteri Mahasiswa setelah Mengkonsumsi Cajuputs Candy
Abstrak: The formation of plaque which causes caries process is substantialy influenced by the presence of Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) and its proportion to the total amount of bacteria in dental plaque. One of methods for caries preventing is by controlling the potential of these bacteria to form colonies and grow as part of the mass of biofilm on the surface of the tooth (dental plaque). This effort can be done by consuming Cajuputs Candy, a functional food in the form of candy which has antibacterial bioactive compounds. This reserch was aimed to analayze the potential of two type of Cajuputs Candy ,i.e. Cajuputs Candy Sucrose (CCS) and Cajuputs Candy Non Sucrose (CCNS) in decreasing the amount of S. mutans and its proportion upon the total amount of bacteria in dental plaque by Quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) technique. The treatments studied were one grain of CCS and CCNS consumption respectively once and twice a day. The results showed that both CCS and CCNS potentially reduced the quantity of S. mutans, its proportion to the total amount of bacteria, and the number of non- cariogenic bacteria in dental plaque. Non sucrose ingredient usage in Cajuputs Candy could increase the effectiveness in reducing the quantity of S. mutans in dental plaque. Consuming a CCNS twice per day has the optimum effect in reducing the quantity of S. mutans and its proportion to the total amount bacteria.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), qPCR, CCNS, CCS, dental plaque, total bacteria, S. mutans

Judul: Pengaruh Paparan Flavor Pada Cajuputs Chewy Candy Non-Sukrosa Terhadap Kuantitas Streptococcus Mutans Secara In-Vivo.
Abstrak: Karies gigi merupakan masalah kesehatan gigi dan mulut yang mayoritas diderita oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu pangan fungsional yang sudah dikembangkan saat ini untuk pencegahan karies gigi adalah cajuputs candy. Cajuputs candy merupakan jenis permen keras yang dikonsumsi dengan cara dikulam, sehingga diduga memiliki waktu kontak flavor yang terbatas. Untuk mengoptimalkan potensi cajuput candy sebagai produk kesehatan mulut, dilakukan pengembangan produk cajuput candy (permen keras) menjadi cajuputs chewy candy (permen lunak) dan optimasi flavor. Optimasi flavor dilakukan untuk merangsang sekresi aliran saliva yang lebih banyak melalui gerakan mastikasi dan rangsangan flavor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi lama dan intensitas paparan flavor pada cajuputs chewy candy non-sukrosa dalam menekan kuantitas Streptococcus mutans. Konsentrasi cajuputs chewy candy non-sukrosa diperoleh berdasarkan kesukaan konsumen, yaitu konsentrasi cajuputs oil flavor x % (formula 1) dan x+0.36 % (formula 2). Potensi cajuputs chewy candy non-sukrosa diukur secara in-vivo dengan cara menggunakan saliva manusia. Flow rate saliva, pH, dan kuantitas Streptococcus mutans telah dilakukan pengukuran. Pengujian lama dan intensitas paparan flavor dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode time intensity, guna mengetahui komposisi flavor yang memiliki kontribusi paling besar dalam merangsang saliva manusia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama dan intensitas paparan flavor berpengaruh pada peningkatan flow rate, pH, dan jumlah Streptococcus mutans pada saliva. Stimulasi dengan pengunyahan dan paparan flavor dari cajuputs chewy candy non-sukrosa formula 1 dan formula 2 memberikan peningkatan flow rate saliva yang signifikan (p < 0.05). Flavor yang memiliki lama dan intensitas paparan flavor terbesar adalah flavor peppermint pada formula 2. Paparan flavor yang besar pada formula 2 menghasilkan flow rate saliva yang lebih besar pula dibandingkan formula 1. Meningkatnya flow rate saliva menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan pH saliva yang signifikan (p < 0.05). Peningkatan nilai pH mendekati pH netral menyebabkan penurunan kuantitas Streptococcus mutans. Pada saliva yang distimulasi dengan permen formula 2 menunjukkan kontribusi yang lebih baik dalam menekan kuantitas Streptococcus mutans hingga tidak berbeda nyata dari sampel saliva yang diambil setelah menyikat gigi (kontrol) (p > 0.05).
Keyword: Cajuputs chewy candy non-sukrosa, flow rate saliva, paparan flavor, pH saliva, Streptococcus mutans

Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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