Judul: Increase of Aluminium Tolerant and Low pH in Rice through Somaclonal Variation and Gamma Ray Irradiation.
Abstrak: The main problem faces the expansion of rice plants in acid soils are A1 toxicity and low pH. The best approach to solve it is to produce tolerance varieties through genetic improvement. It is stable and enviroment friendly. One of the method was conducted through somaclonal variation and gamma ray irradiation. The aims of the recearch is to get rice plant genotypes which is tolerant to Al and low pH through somaclonal variation and gamma ray irradiation. Three stages of experiments were conducted : 1) in vitro culture experiment consists of callus induction, gamma ray irradiation, in vitro selection and regeneration, 2) plant selection grown on nutrient culture, and 3) plant selection in acid soils in green house. The first experiment proved that : 1) the best media composition for embryogenic callus induction is : MS + 2.4-D2 + CH3 for Jatiluhur dan Gajah mungkur genotype, LS + 2.4-D2 + Kin 1 for Cirata and MS + 2,4-D0.5 mg/l + NAAl mg/l + BA1.5 mg/l for T309, 2) the LD 50 from Jatiluhur dan Gajah mungkur genotype 1.5 krad, for as Cirata and T309 respectively 1 and 2 krad, and 3) the highest variation are from Jatiluhur genotype 838.68 (LD 47.92), Gajah mungkur 874.98 (LD SO), Cirata 713.42 (LD 52.08) and T309 1062.76 (LD 50). The second experiment proved that : 1) somaclonal plantlet from callus induction, treated with gamma ray irradiation and followed with in vitro selection are more tolerant then their parents, 2) test in nutient solution (Al 45 ppm) produced 28 tolerant genotype. The third experiment proved that test of plantlet in acid soil in green house with saturation of Al 74.98 %, pH 4.28 and Aldd 11.56 me1100 g soils resulted : 1) plants tolerant to Al and low pH grown in acid soil are also tolerant (78.57) if grown in nutient solution, 2) planlets from in vitro culture are more varied then their parents (controls), 3) the result are 18 genotypes tolerant and 4 rather tolerant : 8 Jatiluhur genotypes are tolerant 53, 517, J15, 521, 522, 526, 533, 536 and 1 genotype is rather tolerant J5; 6 Gajah mungkur genotype are tolerant G2, G4, G10, G19, G22, G28 and 2 genotypes are rather tolerant G14, G31; 4 Cirata genotypes are tolerant C5, Cl, C23, C29 and 1 genotype is rather tolerant C16, and 4) the tolerant genotype are productive seedling, more seed number per panicle, and low persentage of seedless.
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Judul: Analysis of Morpho-physiology and Yield Components of Rice Variety Hawara Bunar and Its Mutants on Acidic Soil
Abstrak: Optimalisasi pertanian lahan masam perlu ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan utama Indonesia. Namun, lahan masam memiliki tingkat kesuburan yang rendah dan kelarutan aluminium (Al) yang tinggi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan di antaranya dengan mengembangkan tanaman padi toleran Al. Sifat toleransi padi terhadap sekaman Al dapat diketahui melalui respon morfofisiologi dan produktivitasnya pada kondisi cekaman Al. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan respon morfo-fisiologi dan komponen hasil dari padi varietas Hawara Bunar (HB), HB Mutan, dan HB Transgenik yang ditanam pada dua jenis tanah masam yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor, yaitu faktor genotipe padi dan jenis tanah masam. Peubah yang diamati yaitu karakter pertumbuhan, analisis fisiologi, dan komponen hasil tanaman padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan semua genotipe padi di tanah podsolik merah-kuning lebih baik dan memiliki komponen hasil yang lebih tinggi dibanding tanaman padi yang ditanam di tanah latosol untuk semua genotipe. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pertumbuhan, fisiologi dan komponen hasil, padi Hawara Bunar bersifat toleran Al, sedangkan HB Mutan dan HB Transgenik bersifat sensitif Al. Padi Hawara Bunar memiliki habitus lebih tinggi dan jumlah daun serta anakan yang lebih banyak dibanding genotipe Mutan dan Transgenik. Analisis fisiologi menunjukkan bahwa padi Hawara Bunar memiliki kandungan klorofil yang tinggi dan tingkat peroksidasi lipid yang rendah. Karakter komponen hasil juga menunjukkan padi Hawara Bunar memiliki jumlah dan panjang malai, serta jumlah dan bobot gabah yang lebih tinggi dibanding HB Mutan dan HB Transgenik. Kata kunci: Cekaman Aluminium, Hawara Bunar, Mutan, Transgenik Silencing OsGERLP., Optimization of acid soil agriculture needs to be increased to meet rice selfsufficiency in Indonesia. However, acid soils have low fertility and high aluminum (Al) solubility. The development of Al-tolerant rice could be an effort to overcome the rice cultivation constrains in acid soil. The best characteristics for acid and Al tolerance rice are the morpho-physiological response and productivity under acid soil and Al stress conditions. The study aimed to compare the morpho-physiological responses and yield components of Hawara Bunar (HB) cultivar, HB Mutant, and HB Transgenic rice lines that were grown on two different types of acid soil. The study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RAKF) with two factors, namely three rice genotypes and two acid soil types. The observed variables were plant growth, physiological characters, and rice yield components. The result showed that the growth of all rice genotypes in yellow-red podzolic soils was better and had a higher yield component than that of rice plants grown on latosol soils. Rice c.v Hawara Bunar was Al-tolerant, while Mutant HB and Transgenic HB were Al-sensitive based on the analysis of growth, physiology and yield components data. Hawara Bunar has a higher habitus, more leaves and tillers, higher chlorophyll content, and lower lipid peroxidation than the mutant and transgenic genotypes. The yield component character also showed that Hawara Bunar had a higher number and length of panicles, and the number and weight of grain compared to Mutant HB and Transgenic HB. Keywords: aluminum, gene silencing, mutant, tolerance, transgenic.
Keyword: aluminum, gene silencing, mutant, tolerance, transgenic

Judul: Analisis peranan sektor parawisata terhadap perekonomian  Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah krisis ekonomi
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang mempunyai berbagai macam keindahan alam, kebudayaan dan sejarah bangsa, festival serta upacara-upacara yang unik. Berbagai macam seni lukis dan kerajinan tangan serta banyaknya tenipat yang menarik bagi para wisatawan sepanjang tahun. Hal tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa indonesia memang memiliki potensi yang besar dibidang pariwisata. Perkembangan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara (wisman) merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan pembangunan pariwisata, namun krisis ekonomi yang melanda Indonesia telah menyebabkan sektor-sektor perekonomian yang lainnya mengalami keterpurukan termasuk sektor pariwisata. Dimana pada tahun- tahun sebelum krisis, kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara ke Indonesia bisa mencapai 5.2 juta orang dengan perolehan jumlah devisa pernah mencapai ..dst
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