Judul: Perencanaan Sistim Irigasi Curah Berdasarkan Kapasitas Alat dan Kebutuhan Tambahan Air di Kebun Bangelan PT Perkebunaan XXIII
Abstrak: Tujuan perencanaan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan suatu kapasitas sistim irigasi curah yang mempunyai efisiensi pemakaian air relatif tinggi dengan tolok ukur keseragaman pemakaian air, sifat fisik tanah dan kondisi iklim setempat serta menentukan kebutuhan tambahan air untuk setiap daerah irigasi. Pelaksanaan irigasi curah dilakukan pada periode defisit air yaitu sebagai tambahan air aldbat suplai air dari curah hu jan tidak mencukupi bagi kebutuhan air tanaman (crop water requirement). Berdasarkan evapotranspirasi tanaman puncak dan curah hujan efektif bulanan, periode bulan Juni sampai Oktober terjadi kekurangan suplai air hujan. Pada bulan Juni 70.66 mm, Juli 95.73 Rata-rata kekurangan air mm, Agustus 106.79 mm, September 75.80 mm dan Oktober 28.17 mm.
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Judul: Rancangan kapasitas dan dimensi saluran di petak tersier LH. I kiri daerah irigasi Ciujung Kabupaten Serang Propinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Kebutuhan air tanaman diperoleh berdasarkan penjumlahan nilai evapotranspirasi, perkolasi, dan kehilangan air di saluran. Evapotranspirasi potensial diduga dengan metoda Penman, menggunakan data iklim yang tersedia. Nilai koefisien tanaman padi untuk menghitung evapotranspirasi aktual, berdasarkan pada interpolasi nilai hasil penelitian Hadisanjoto. Perkolasi ditentukan dengan metoda 'silinder'. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan bahwa nilai rata-rata laju perkolasi di lokasi penelitian sebesar 1,2 mm/hari. Kehilangan air di saluran dihitung berdasarkan laju perembesan. Hasil pengukuran di lapang menunjukkan nilai laju perembesan sebesar 12,0 cm/hari. Irigasi dilaksanakan secara rotasi. Air diberikan setiap 7 hari sekali selama 22 jam untuk tiap-tiap petak kwarter. Rancangan kapasitas berdasarkan debit maksimum selama 22 jam untuk mencukupi kebutuhan air selama selang waktu rotasi.
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Judul: Using cytochrome β (Cyt β) gene for species identification of dog, cat, and tiger to ensure food authenticity and drugs
Abstrak: Adulteration food products from animal still happen until now. Species identification method development in food and medicine derived from animal was needed to prevent falsification information. Molecular genetic improvement allows the detection is carried out at the level of DNA, so the results more accurate, although processed. Research on several meat have been conducted by several researchers using DNA mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Using mtDNA because it has high copy number in a cell, compared with nuclear DNA. In this case where the amount of extracted DNA is very small or degraded. Gene used as marker specific species is cytochrome β (cyt β) because it has varied sequences. The objective of this research was to study species authentication (i.e. dog, cat, and tiger) to ensure animal origin in product using cyt β gene specific marker. Total DNA samples for each species which identified are three samples were consisting blood (cat), cooked meat (dog), feces (tiger), and as a comparison used blood sample from several animal (i.e. goat, chicken, cattle, sheep, horse, rat) and pork. Reverse primer specific for dog, cat, and tiger was designed using MEGA 5 software. DNA extraction and fragment amplification was conducted using phenol-chloroform and multiplex PCR method, respectively. Multiplex PCR is a variant of PCR which many primers were used together for amplification of multiple region. This research showed that different length of amplification for the species tested (dog, cat, and tiger) were 523, 331, 319 bp, respectively; and for the comparison species (goat, chicken, cattle, sheep, pig, horse, and rat) were 157, 227, 274, 331, 398, 439, and 603 bp, respectively. Species specificity also indicated by high reverse primer homology percentage. Specific fragment amplification on genome pool with closed fragment length should be separate to avoid band overlapped between species. Taxonomy hierarchy (i.e. dog, cat, and tiger) could be distinguished to the species level.
Keyword: cat, cytochrome β gene, dog, multiplex PCR, tiger