Judul: Kajian pemberian tepung daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) dalam ransum sebagai bahan anti bakteri Escherichia coli terhadap organ dalam ayam broiler
Abstrak: The objectives of this experiment were to evaluate the utilization of Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp. in the diets as antibacteria on the visceral organ of broilers. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design with six treatments and three replications. Thirty six chickens of one hundred and eighty broilers of five weeks old were used in this experiment to measure the visceral organ.
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Judul: Persentase karkas, potongan komersial serta kandungan kolesterol karkas ayam broiler yang diberi tepung daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight) dalam ransum
Abstrak: Diarrhea is one of diseases in broiler chicken and a antibiotics are usually needed to cure the disease. However. there are many risks caused by the use of antibiotic in poultry industries for human health. The risks are teratogenic effect, carcinogenic effect, mutagenic effect and resistence to the antibiotics. Therefore the use of antibiotics need to be substituted by natural antimicrobes. One of the natural antimicrobes is bay leaves, which contains volatile oil, tannin, flavonoid, eugenol. This research \\.as conducted to study the effect of bay leaves powder addition in the diets on carcass percentage, carcass commercial cut and carcass cholesterol of the broiler using completely randomized design ulth six treatments and three replications. The research used 180 DOC (Day Old Chicken). The treatment diets were : RO (negative control): R1 (positif control), R2 (1 % bay leaves powder), R3 (2 % bay leaves powder), R4 (3% bay leaves leaves powder), R5 (antibiotic). The data were analyzed using analyses of variance and any significant difference were fixher tested by Duncan test. The result showed that the treatment diets did not significantly increase carcass percentage, carcass .commercial cut percentage, the treatment significantly decreased carcass cholesterol level, also decreased colony of E. coli in the broiler excreta on age 13 days and 35 days.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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