Judul: Estimation of Gain and Loss of Bird Diversity Due to Land Fires (Case Study: PT Rambang Agro Jaya)
Abstrak: Kebakaran lahan pada area perkebunan sawit terus menimbulkan anggapan dampak negatif terutama terhadap keanekaragaman hayati. Penelitian mengenai keanekaragaman hayati, termasuk burung, di lahan bekas terbakar pada lahan perkebunan belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengetahui dampak dari kebakaran lahan pada keanekaragaman jenis burung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2020 di perkebunan sawit PT Rambang Agro Jaya, Sumatera Selatan, menggunakan metode titik hitung dan metode transek jalur pada 3 tutupan lahan berbeda (sawit tidak terbakar dan bekas terbakar, semak belukar tidak terbakar dan bekas terbakar, dan area nilai konservasi tinggi) sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan secara paralel. Hasil menunjukan bahwa terbakarnya lahan semak belukar menyebabkan hilangnya 19 jenis burung (65,52%) dan perolehan jenis sebanyak 2 jenis burung (6,90%). Sementara terbakarnya lahan pada areal sawit menyebabkan hilangnya 3 jenis burung 9,68% dengan perolehan jenis sebanyak 11 jenis burung (35,48%)., Land fires in oil palm plantation areas continue to raise public perceptions of negative impacts, especially on biodiversity. Research on biodiversity, including birds, on burnt land on plantations has not been widely carried out. This research aimed to determine the impact of land fires on bird species diversity. This research was conducted in August 2020 at the oil palm plantation of PT Rambang Agro Jaya, South Sumatra, using the point count method and the line transect method on three different land covers (unburned and burnt palm oil, unburned and burnt shrubs, and high conservation value area) for three repetitions in parallel. The results showed that the burning of bushland caused the loss of 19 bird species (65.52%) and the gain of 2 bird species (6.90%). Meanwhile, the burning of land in the oil palm area caused the loss of 3 bird species (9.68%) with the acquisition of 11 bird species (35.48%).
Keyword: burung, kelapa sawit, keanekaragaman, perolehan dan kehilangan, bird, loss and gain, palm oil, variation

Judul: Comparison of the Impact of Oil Palm Plantation Fires on Butterfly Diversity Between PT RAJ with PT TPR, South Sumatra
Abstrak: Kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Indonesia merupakan permasalahan yang terjadi setiap tahun dengan luas kebakaran terbesar di pulau Sumatera dan Kalimantan. PT RAJ dan PT TPR di Kabupaten Oki, Provinsi Sumatera Selatan merupakan perkebunan kelapa sawit yang mengalami kebakaran lahan pada tahun 2015 dan 2019. Luas kebakaran diperkirakan mencapai ±500 ha. Kebakaran lahan di perkebunan kelapa sawit diduga menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Salah satu yang menjadi perhatian banyak peneliti adalah anggapan terjadi kepunahan keanekaragaman hayati termasuk jenis kupu-kupu. Pengumpulan data kupu-kupu menggunakan metode transek jalur dan metode perangkap yang dilakukan pada lahan tidak terbakar dan lahan terbakar secara simultan sebagai pembanding dampak kebakaran. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa dampak kebakaran lahan terhadap keanekaragaman jenis kupu-kupu dan kekayaan jenis kupu-kupu terhadap tutupan lahan sawit lebih besar terjadi di PT RAJ (H’ = 0,5595, Dmg = 1,0564). Namun, dampak kebakaran terhadap jumlah jenis kupu-kupu dan kemerataan jenis kupu-kupu lebih besar di PT TPR (S = 5, E = 0,0473). Berbeda dengan dampak kebakaran terhadap tutupan lahan semak belukar yang lebih besar terjadi di PT TPR (S = 4, H’ = 0,08473, Dmg = 1,2629), kecuali untuk kemerataan jenis. Selanjutnya, dampak kebakaran terhadap dugaan kehilangan dan perolehan jenis kupu-kupu pada tutupan lahan sawit lebih besar terjadi di PT RAJ. Perolehan 3 jenis kupu-kupu dan kehilangan 9 jenis kupu-kupu. Sementara itu untuk tutupan lahan semak belukar dampak kebakaran lebih besar terjadi di PT TPR dengan perolehan 2 jenis kupu-kupu dan kehilangan 6 jenis kupu-kupu. Dampak signifikan ditunjukkan pada tutupan lahan NKT PT TPR karena tidak ditemukan jenis kupu-kupu yang bertahan. Secara keseluruhan, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setelah satu tahun kebakaran tidak menunjukkan terjadinya kepunahan kupu-kupu, namun dampak yang ditimbulkan bervariasi. Variasi dari dampak kebakaran dikarenakan faktor suhu, jenis tumbuhan penyusun, sumber air, predator, dan aktivitas manusia., Forest and land fires in Indonesia are problems that occurs every year with the largest fire area on the islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan. PT RAJ and PT TPR in Oki, South Sumatra are oil palm plantations that experienced land fires in 2015 and 2019. The fire area is estimated to be ± 500 ha. Land fires in oil palm plantations are thought to have a negative impact on the environment. One of the concerns of many researchers is the assumption that there is an extinction of biodiversity, including butterfly species. Butterfly data was collected using the path transect and baited trap methods carried out on unburned land and burned land simultaneously as a comparison of the impact of fires. This study found that the impact of land fires on butterfly species diversity and butterfly species richness on oil palm land cover was greater in PT RAJ (H’ = 0.5595, Dmg = 1.0564). However, the impact on the number of butterfly species and the evenness of butterfly species was greater in PT TPR (S = 5, E = 0.0473). In contrast to the impact of fires on bushland cover was greater in PT TPR (S = 4, H’ = 0.08473, Dmg = 1.2629), except for the evenness of species. Furthermore, the impact of land fires on the loss and gain
Keyword: dampak kebakaran, keanekaragaman jenis, kelapa sawit, kupu-kupu, perbandingan

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: