Judul: GIS approach to determine the earthquake hazard areas in feasibility site for nuclear power plant in Bangka Island
Abstrak: The Indonesian government is planning to build four nuclear power plants (PLTNs) until 2025 to meet domestic demand for electricity based on Presidential Decree No. 5/2006 on national energy policy. In accordance with Act No. 10 Year 1997 on Nuclear Energy and the latest Presidential Decree No. 64 Year 2005, BATAN has been stipulated as a Non Departmental Government Institution which is under and responsible to the President. Indonesia is located in triple junction of tree mega plates, the site of a large number of earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, has heighted risks and popular concerns about nuclear power. The most important seismic activity which could affect the area is Sumatra Fault. Therefore, earthquake hazard analysis is very important for evaluating the safety of existing critical structures and for estimating the possible risk to critical structures in planning stages of Nuclear Power Plant. The main objective of this research is to identify the earthquake hazardous areas in feasibility site for Nuclear Power Plant in Bangka Island. This research was conducted from January to June 2013 including the data preparation, data processing, and developing Method. The processing of this data was being conducted in the Tsunami and Earthquake Centre BMKG, Jakarta. The study area is located at the Bangka Island between the latitudes of -1.30° and -3.30° and longitudes of 105° and 107°. The study area includes four regencies totally and partially. Weighted overlay analysis is the methodology of choice in this study. Weighted overlay is a well known for combining multiple criteria for identifying a earthquake hazard areas. The simple additive weighting (SAW) method was chosen based on incorporation of GIS and Multi Criteria Decision Analysis. While weighted overlay procedure helps including criteria together with certain ranking or rating factors can be utilized for determine earthquake hazard areas for the construction of Nuclear Power Plant. The methodology used in the study consists of: (a) Data collection, (b) Data preparation and (c) Simple Additive Weighting Method. In this study, important factors closely related to earthquake hazards such as seismicity, geology, slope, earthquake intensity, soil distribution and amplification factors data were compiled for spatial database using GIS, and ranked by relative susceptibility of earthquake hazards. According to the results of factor analysis, fault distance is the most importance factor followed by earthquake intensity as the second most important parameter. Furthermore, predominant period, amplification factor, lithology and slope are the third, fourth, fifth and sixth important parameters. The earthquake hazard areas map of the study area was categorized in three resultant classes as: High, moderate and low damage areas. The areas to the south and west are generally either low or of medium hazardous to earthquakes. According to the earthquake hazard areas map it can be seen clearly that moderate level of earthquake hazard is dominantly found on Bangka Island with 809.735 Ha or 69.35 % totally of study area. Earthquake prone area distributed at the east part of Bangka islands. Exactly earthquake prone area is located in several districts such as Bangka Barat, Bangka Selatan and Bangka with totally 221.692 Ha. The areas belong to
Keyword: GIS, SAW, earthquake, hazard, areas, damage

Judul: GIS Approach To Determine The Earthquake Hazard Areas in Feasibility Site for Nuclear Power Plant in Bangka Island
Abstrak: Bangka Island is an area that had been assessed to be a feasibility site for nuclear power plant in Indonesia. Although the area is located far from the ring of fire’s the impact of an earthquake is still felt, however needed to be examined. There were not many earthquake epicenters that occurred in this island. The purpose of this study is to determine earthquake hazard areas using Geographical Information System model. The methodology used to determine earthquake hazard areas is based on Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) analysis model which requires different input variables that were implied. The model inputs include slope, earthquake intensity, predominant period, amplification factors, lithology and fault distance. The weight and rank values are assigned to the layers and to the classes of each layer respectively. Based on the final earthquake hazard areas map, hazardous areas in Bangka Island are located in north and south parts of the study area. The areas belong to the feasibility site for nuclear power plant is categorized moderate earthquake damage areas. The results cannot be expected to be completely accurate but can provide a good representation of the process. Validation of results will inevitably be difficult and should be measured in the field. The information resulting from this study could be useful for raising awareness about hazard and possible mitigation measure, a key component of disaster risk reduction planning.
Keyword: GIS, SAW, earthquake, hazard, mitigation

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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