Judul: Utilization of Plant-Animal Based Food and Medicine by Local Communities in Besowo Forest Area, Kediri
Abstrak: Desa Besowo memiliki potensi sumberdaya alam yang dapat dimanfaaatkan sebagai pangan dan obat. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya alam merupakan bentuk interaksi yang harmonis antara manusia dengan alam sebagai modal sosial dalam mewujudkan ketahanan pangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis pangan nabati, hewani, serta obat tradisional yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal Desa Besowo di Kawasan Hutan Besowo. Metode yang digunakan meliputi wawancara, observasi lapang, studi literatur, dan identifikasi spesies yang melibatkan 25 respsonden yang dipilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 59 spesies pangan nabati yang dimanfaatkan berasal dari 25 famili. Pangan hewani yang dimanfaatkan berjumlah 10 spesies yang berasal dari 10 famili. Spesies yang dimanfaatkan masyarakat lokal Desa Besowo sebagai obat berjumlah 99 spesies tumbuhan yang berasal dari 45 famili dan tiga spesies hewan yang berasal dari 3 famili. Spesies yang memiliki peran paling penting bagi masyarakat Desa Besowo yaitu jahe (Zingiber officinale). Jahe juga sangat dipercaya dalam menyembuhkan penyakit. Masyarakat Desa Besowo memanfaatkan kearifan lokal dalam acara ritual akan disajikan makanan yaitu iwel-iwel, jenang merah, ayam bumbu, sambal goreng, eseng mie., Besowo village has potential natural resource that can be utilized as food and medicine. Utilization of natural resources is a form of harmonious interaction between humans and nature as social capital in realizing food security. This research was conducted to identify and analyze utilization of food plant, animal based food, and traditional medicine practice by the local communities of Besowo village in Besowo Forest Area. The methods were used include interviews, field observations, literature studies, and species identification which involving 25 respondents who were selected purposively. The results showed that there were 59 species of food plant that were used from 25 families. There were 10 species of animal based food used from 10 families. The species which used by the local communities of Besowo village as medicine were 99 species of plants from 45 families and three species of animal from three families. The species that has most important role for the Besowo community is ginger (Zingiber officinale). Ginger is also the highly trusted medicinal species in curing disease. The Besowo community practice their local wisdom through ritual event will served traditional food such as iwel-iwel, jenang merah, ayam bumbu, sambal goreng, tumis mie.
Keyword: local wisdom, cultural significance index, fidelity level, ginger

Judul: Utilization of Food Plants, Animals, and Spices of Tengger Ethnic at Ngadas Village, Probolinggo
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan pangan oleh masyarakat di pedesaan baik pangan nabati maupun hewani sebagai pendukung dalam masakan, diduga kuat terkait dengan kearifan tradisional masyarakat. Suku Tengger merupakan salah satu suku yang berada di Indonesia yang memanfaatkan pangan secara tradisional, namun data dan informasi mengenai pemanfaatan pangan nabati, hewani, dan rempah oleh masyarakat Suku Tengger ini belum terdokumentasikan dengan baik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keanekaragaman hayati lokal, menganalisis kearifan lokal dan manfaat pangan, potensi pangan, dan nilai ekonomi serta prospek pengembangannya. Penelitian dilakukan dengan wawancara, studi literatur, survei lapang, dan eksplorasi. Hasil penelitian teridentifikasi sebanyak 49 spesies tumbuhan pangan, 14 spesies tumbuhan rempah, 10 spesies tumbuhan obat, 7 spesies pangan hewani yang digunakan oleh masyarakat, dan 5 spesies tumbuhan obat. Spesies tumbuhan pangan budidaya memiliki nilai ekonomi Rp40.000.000,00 setiap tahun. Prospek pengembangan pemanfaatan spesies berada pada tahap perencanaan., Utilization of foods by people in rural areas, both vegetables and animals food as a support in cooking, is strongly suspected to be related to the traditional wisdom of the community. The Tengger Ethnic is one of the Ethnic in Indonesia that uses food traditionally, but the data and information on the use of plant, animal, and spice foods by the Tenggerese people haven’t been well documented. The research aims to identify local biodiversity, analyze local wisdom and food benefits, foods potential, and economic value and development prospects. The research was conducted by interview, literature study, field survey, and exploration. The results of the study identified 49 food plants species, 14 spices plant species, 10 medicinals plant species, 7 animals food species used by the community, and 5 medicinal plants species. Cultivated foods plant species have an economic value of IDR 40,000,000.00 per year. The prospect of developing species utilization is at the planning stage
Keyword: Fidelity Level

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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