Judul: Pendugaan Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Untuk Optimalisasi Penggunaan Lahan Studi Kasus Di Desa Lamajang, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Das Citarum Hulu
Abstrak: Erosion is a major cause of land degradation that lead to critical land formation. Erosion is influenced by several factor, such as : climate, soil erodibility, topograhy, land use, and conservation techniques. Among those five factors the first three factors are factors difficult to change. Therefore, erosion prevention efforts to reduce land degradation generaly focused on the regulation of land use and conservation techniques (land use optimization). Land use optimization was done by allocating any land use for a proper land use in such a way that land degradation can be prevented, i.e land use that produce erosion less than tolerable erosion. Therefore, prediction of actual and potential soil erosion as well as tolerable soil erosion level to determine erosion hazard is necessary. The method used is Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) which is a common method used to calculate the erosion rate. The advantages of this method are easy to apply and compatible in areas which have a rainfall and surface runoff as the main factors that causing erosion. The aim of this research is to produce a new scheme of land use based on the level of erosion hazard in order to obtain a sustainable agriculture (optimal allocation of land use) in the Lamajang Village, Sub-district Pangalengan, District of Bandung, West Java. This research includes: field observations, determination of rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, land use, land conservation techniques, and erosion hazard index. Based on data evaluation and interpretation, 7 land units are found in studied area with erosion rates ranging from low to very high. Land units with erosion hazard greater than tolerance level require land optimization. Optimization of land use activities should include the aspects of erosion, social, cultural, and economic, so make it easy to be accepted and applied for local communities The results of this study showed that erosion hazard in the studied area is very high due to high rainfall and steep slopes. Since actual soil erosion higher than tolerable level it is necessary to optimize the land use. The method of land use optimization suggested for the study area is “Good Terrace”. On areas with slope steepness higher than 60% Agroforestry system is proposed. This Agroforestry system compose of pine as high canopy, coffe or quinine as medium canopy, and chili or tomato as lower canopy (basal cover), that are planted follow contour.
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Judul: Studi Perencanaan Pengelolaan DAS dengan Model Optimasi Penggunaan Lahan di Bagian Hulu DAS Mahakam
Abstrak: Land use which is not in accordance with the land capability, will cause land degradation. In Indonesia, there is progressive increase of critical land area size, every year, and this exerts an impact toward watershed damage. Objectives which are sought in the planning of watershed management often negate each other because from one point of view, there is a desire to maintain natural resources sustainability, and from other (economic) point of view, there is a desire to increase farmer's income. In order to obtain a model for planning sustainable watershed management, land use optiminazation was conducted and designed using the analysis of Linear Goals Programming (L GP) The study area had the size of 29 686 ha, comprising 3 subdistricts (namely Damai, Barong Tongkok and Melak) that were situated in the district of Kutai Barat, the province of East Kalimantan. The formulation of model for land use optimization was designed to achieve four targets, namely peak discharge. reduced rate of erosion (so that it is equal with or smaller than the targeted discharge and tolerable soil loss), ability of each farmer family to fulfill the need for food and rice, and ability of on farm income to create appropriate level of welfare. Research unit was homogeneous land unit. Data source for model input came from improvement of cropping pattern and alternative agrotechnology which was conducted by using simulation of CP factor. Data processing and analysis used the method of SCS, USLE and farm analysis. On the other hand, the completion of model used software General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and Arcview 3,2. Land use with existing cropping pattern gave peak discharge of 116.39 m3/seconcj, erosion between 157-876 tonlha, production of upland rice 1.52 ton GKPlhalyear, and income Rp 3 268 636,-halyear. On the other hand, optimum land use pattern from the six scenarios model, showed better results as compared with the existing condition because ecologically, the land use could maintain the stability of peak discharge, and reduce erosion to the level below the targeted value. Although scenario model la and llla (with land use composition in the form of non irrigated rice field and dry land crop field) gave better result than those of existing conditions, but the occurring erosion were still higher than those in scenario model I, 11, Ill, and IV (with land use composition in the form of non irrigated rice field, dry land crop field, and estate field). This was because the priority for achieving erosion target in scenario la and llla was only up to the tolerable rate of soil erosion. Testing of scenario model I, 11, Ill, and IV showed that there was a tendency for increasing proportion of dry land crop field area size, but on the other hand, decreasing proportion of non irrigated rice field and estate field area size, if the target of achieving living standard is continuously increased. Spatially, recommendation that could be given for /and units of non irrigated rice field, dry land crop field and estate field is in the form of cropping pattern and agrotechnology LI *, L3b* ,
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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