Judul: Lama pemberian ekstrak bawang putih Allium sativum yang optimum pada pakan untuk mencegah penyakit koi herpes virus pada ikan mas cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: This experiment purposed to observe the optimum duration of the application of feed with garlic Allium sativum extract towards immunity of carp fish Cyprinus capio body that infected with Koi Herpes Virus. Experimental design was Complete Random Design that consist of 3 treatments and 3 replications that were : (K-) feed without garlic extract addition and injected with PBS 0,1 ml; (K+) feed with garlic extract addition and infected with KHV 0,1 ml; (A) feed with garlic extract addition (50 gram/kg feed) during 21 days and infected with 0,1 ml KHV; (B) feed with garlic extract addition (50 gram/kg feed) during 14 days and infected with 0,1 ml KHV; (C) feed with garlic extract addition (50 gram/kg feed) during 7 days and infected with 0,1 ml KHV. The result of this experiment showed the high value of survival rate that consist in negative control treatment, each of A and B treatment with value of 91,7% and 83,8% that significantly different with positive control treatment each with value 0%. It showed that time of garlic extract given on feed could affect the immunity of carp fish body toward KHV infection. The optimum result based on survival rate was obtained in garlic extract given during 21 days.
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Judul: Efektivitas Frekuensi Pemberian Vaksin DNA melalui Pakan terhadap Kelangsungan Hidup Relatif Ikan Mas yang Diinfeksi Koi Herpesvirus
Abstrak: Cultured of common carp is currently constrained by a koi herpesvirus (KHV) disease. KHV disease is highly malignant, infectious, and can kill common carp and koi over 80% of the population. It is therefore necessary to provide a prevention method that are safe and can be mass applied. In this study, it carried out anti-KHV DNA vaccination 1 mL/fish through artificial feed to determine the effective frequency of vaccination that produces a high survival on KHV infected fish. There are five treatments with three replicates, namely treatment A: vaccination once a week, treatment B: two times a week of vaccination, treatment C: vaccination three times a week, positive control: the fish were not vaccinated and challenged with KHV, and negative controls: fish were not vaccinated and injected with phosphate buffer saline solution. Feeding was performed 2 times a day at satiation. The results showed that vaccination three times a week offered 4 the highest relative percent survival (84.6%) and showed the best phagocytic activity compared with other treatments. Hence, vaccination via the feed can effectively increase the survival of fish, and this can be as an alternative method to control KHV infection in carp and koi culture.
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Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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