Judul: Pendugaan potensi simpanan karbon pada tegakan Pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) di KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten
Abstrak: Global warming is one of the major environmental issues that currently concern to the various parties. Because of global warming, increasing in average temperature of earth's sea and land caused by industrial activity and reduction of forest cover due to deforestation, especially lately. Based on these evolving issues and considering the importance of the role of forests in absorbing carbon from the air and store it in forest biomass, it is necessary a lot of research that could encourage the continued development of carbon in biomass. One important aspect of research is to know the potential of carbon stored in the stands of pine. The experiment was conducted in KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III West Java and Banten in April 2010 to May 2010. Materials used in this research were planting stands of pine in 1994 on square 27A RPH West Hanjawar BKPH South Sukanagara and planted stands of Pine year 1995 on square 48I RPH East Hanjawar BKPH North Sukanagara in KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III West Java and Banten. The tools used in this study include scales, digital scales, ovens, machete, newsprint, chalk, plastic bags, plastic rope, stationery, tally sheets, calculator, tape measure, camera, and software SAS. In the area of stands are made each 5 plots with a size of 20 m x 20 m to measure the trees and also made small plots measuring 2 m x 2 m by 4 pieces located at each corner for analysis and retrieval of vegetation and litter. Results obtained from these data are processed through the approach of biomass which is then converted to carbon savings in ton/ha. To know the factors that influence the use of carbon deposits by using ANOVA analysis and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). The results showed that the potential of carbon storage on plots planted in 1995 is 77,1580 ton/ha greater than the potential carbon storage on plots planted in 1994 which only amounted to 64,6372 ton/ha. The test results using ANOVA statistical analysis showed the value of R-Sq = 96,01% and significant level 5%, there is a difference between the carbon potential on one of the object variabel (tree, manure, below plant) which is found on the stands of pine planted in 1994 and stands pine planting in 1995, where the variable is a tree. There needs to be further research on the estimation of carbon stock potential using a different method of harvesting method with the same kind of pine stands.
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Judul: Pendugaan potensi serapan karbon pada tegakan pinus di KPH Cianjur Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten
Abstrak: Peranan hutan sebagai penyerap karbon mulai menjadi sorotan pada saat bumi dihadapkan pada persoalan efek rumah kaca, berupa kecenderungan peningkatan suhu udara atau biasa disebut sebagai pemanasan global. Penyebab terjadinya pemanasan global ini adalah adanya peningkatan konsentrasi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) di atmosfer dimana peningkatan ini menyebabkan keseimbangan radiasi berubah sehingga suhu bumi meningkat. GRK yang penting diperhitungkan dalam pemanasan global adalah karbon dioksida (CO2) karena memiliki kontribusi lebih dari 55% terhadap kandungan GRK. Peningkatan konsentrasi GRK saat ini berada pada laju yang mengkhawatirkan sehingga GRK harus segera dikendalikan. Upaya mengatasi pemanasan global dapat dilakukan dengan cara mengurangi emisi karbon di atmosfer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendugaan potensi simpanan karbon pada tegakan hutan Pinus pada umur tertentu di KPH Cianjur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode destruktif yang dilakukan terhadap pohon contoh dari populasi tegakan pada umur tertentu. Pohon contoh diukur dan ditimbang biomassanya, setelah itu dibuat suatu persamaan untuk menduga potensi karbon yang terdapat pada wilayah penelitian berdasarkan dari besar diameter pohon. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa serapan karbon pohon pada masing-masing umur berbeda-beda, yaitu pada umur 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 9 tahun berturut-turut sebesar 98,58 kg/ha; 533,80 kg/ha; 3.200 kg/ha; 4.704,73 kg/ha; 13.643,08 kg/ha; dan 11.947,52 kg/ha. Terdapat penurunan pada umur 9 tahun karena adanya penjarangan pada umur tersebut. Serapan karbon pada serasah pada tegakan umur 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 9 tahun berturut-turut sebesar 66,48 kg/ha, 145,08 kg/ha, 301,99 kg/ha, 166,67 kg/ha, 313,95 kg/ha, 420,06 kg/ha. Potensi serapan karbon serasah cenderung stabil pada setiap umur. Peningkatan dugaan potensi serapan karbon terlihat seiring dengan meningkatnya umur tegakan pinus di BKPH Cianjur.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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