Judul: Optimalisasi Pembuatan Poli(asamlaktat) tanpa Katalis
Abstrak: Poly(lacticacid) (PLA) is an aliphatic polyester that can be used for raw material of biodegradable plastic and coating material of medicines. PLA was made with direct polycondensation without catalyst in 24 and 32 hours at 150 and 160 °C. The product of PLA was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR) and the molecular weight was measured with viscometer. The analysis showed that time and temperature addition were affected the result of PLA molecular weight. The highest molecular weight was 12375.99 g/mol. It was obtained by lactic acid heating in temperature of 160 °C during 24 hours. On the other hand, the lowest molecul weight was 519.82 g/mol which was found at 160 ⁰C during 32 hours. FTIR spectrum showed the existence of C-H stretching vibration at 2998.81 cm-1 dan 2946.60 cm1, carbonyl group (C=O) at 1763.73 cm-1, C-C bending vibration at 1458.28 cm-1, and C-O bending vibration at 1184.80 cm-1.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Polylactic Acid Secara Polikondensasi Langsung L-Asam Laktat dan N,N-Disikloheksilkarbodiimida
Abstrak: Polylactic Acid (PLA) merupakan polimer biodegradabel yang termasuk ke dalam jenis poliester alifatik. Saat ini PLA telah dapat digunakan sebagai bahan polimer pada aplikasi medis dan berpotensi untuk digunakan pada aplikasi kemasan ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi PLA bebas dari katalis dengan bobot molekul medium. PLA disintesis melalui polikondensasi langsung L-asam laktat tanpa penggunaan katalis dan dilanjutkan dengan perpanjangan rantai (polimerisasi) menggunakan N,N-disikloheksilkarbodiimida. Reaksi Polikondensasi langsung dilakukan pada suhu (150, 180, dan 210°C) dan waktu polimerisasi (6, 14, dan 22 jam) pada keadaan vakum (160 mmHg). Karakterisasi PLA didasarkan pada analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan FTIR, sifat termal menggunakan DSC, analisis viskositas untuk menentukan bobot molekul, dan kekuatan tekan untuk analisis mekanis. Proses polikondensasi langsung dioptimasi dengan menggunakan Metode Permukaan Respon. Dari hasil analisis sintesis PLA dapat dilakukan melalui reaksi polimerisasi kondensasi langsung asam laktat pada suhu 150-210°C dengan lama polimerisasi 6-22 jam, dengan kisaran bobot molekul 257,59 3972,01 Da. Hasil analisis spektrum FTIR dari produk polimerisasi memperlihatkan adanya gugus serapan khas yang dimiliki oleh PLA dan hasil analisis sifat fisik juga menunjukkan reaksi polikondensasi langsung asam laktat telah terjadi dan membentuk PLA. Karakteristik polimer yang dihasilkan khususnya bobot molekul rata-rata PLA dipengaruhi oleh suhu, lama polimerisasi dan interaksi keduanya. Kondisi optimum reaksi polikondensasi langsung asam laktat diperoleh pada suhu polimerisasi 192°C dan waktu polimerisasi 17 jam menggunakan metode respon permukaan dengan bobot molekul teoritis PLA 2307 Da (log Mn 3,36). Validasi yang dilakukan pada kondisi optimum reaksi polikondensasi langsung asam laktat diperoleh PLA dengan bobot molekul 2471 Da (log Mn=3,39). Karakteristik PLA pada kondisi kombinasi perlakuan terbaik yang dicobakan yaitu pada suhu polimerisasi 180°C dan lama polimerisasi 22 jam dengan rendemen 48,27% memiliki karakteristik produk: bobot molekul 3972,01 Da, Tg 47,07°C, Tm 134,85°C dan kekuatan tekan PLA 7857,1 kgf/m2. N,N-disikloheksilkarbodiimida yang digunakan sebagai agen perpanjangan rantai mampu meningkatkan bobot molekul PLA. Karakteristik PLA hasil perpanjangan rantai adalah: bobot molekul 7575,98 Da, Tg 51,85°C, Tm 138,72°C dan kekuatan tekan PLA 10666,7 kgf/m².
Keyword: Polimer, Polylactic acid, Asam laktat, Karakteristik polimer, Reaktor polimerisasi

Judul: Ragam jenis ektoparasit burung tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis) dan burung puter (Streptopelia bitorquata) di penangkaran
Abstrak: Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove are the bird species that are easily raised in captivity. Nevertheless, good management is required to successfully breed and raise the birds in captivity; otherwise, the condition may endanger the sustainability of the two bird species. Information on ectoparasites on the bodies of this bird as well as their captivity breeding has not been available, although admittedly taking ectoparasites from these bird families has much been done so that a research is obviously needed. This study aimed to find out various kinds of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove ectoparasites and to learn various kinds of parasitic insects around the Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages. The study was conducted from April to June 2010. The methods of data collection included the general condition of the location, collection of ectoparasites specimens, processing and specimens identification. The data analysis was done descriptively and tabulated with the degree of infestation. The kinds of ectoparasites from the class of insects found in the body of Spotted dove were Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae of phthiraptera order and Pseudolynchia canariensis of diptera order, and arachnida class, that is, tungau from the pterolichidae family. In terms of ectoparasites, Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove were similar, except that Javan turtle dove had no Pseudolynchia canariensis. Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae were mallopaga order (biting lice) and were obligate. The kinds of parasitic insects in the vicinity of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages were from the Ordo Diptera. The diptera classified as parasites included Anopheles, Culex, Psychodidae, Culicoides and Simulium, most of them vectors of disease. The presence of ectoparasites was closely related to how a breeding place is managed.
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