Judul: Desain Konseptual Mesin Penangkap dan Pengangkut Tandan Buah Sawit di dalam Kebun
Abstrak: In oil palm harvesting, falling fruit bunches have a considerable potential energy, which can be captured and used to power the wheelbarrow in evacuating the fruit bunches. This study was conducted to measure the coefficient of rolling resistance of a wheel barrow, analyze the potential energy of falling fresh fruit bunch, design a conceptual design of the catchment platform and evacuation machine. Measurement of wheel rolling resistance and soil penetration resistance were conducted at the evacuation track in the field. The energy potential of the falling fruit bunches was measured during harvesting, with variations of the fruit height of approximately 3 m, 8 m, 9 m and 15 m. The results showed that machine mobility in the field was very good. Soil penetration resistance was in the range of 16.44-22.10 kgf/cm2. Average coefficient of rolling resistance of the wheels was 0.159. Potential energy of falling fruit bunches were in the range of 0.44-4.44 kJ. Theoretical traveling distance of the wheel barrow using the captured potential energy was in the range of 2.27 m - 22.98 m. A conceptual design of catchment flatform and evacuation machine was designed.
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Judul: Karakteristik Teknik Pemanenan Buah Sawit dan Analisis Energi Potensial Tandan Buah Sawit
Abstrak: When harvested, falling palm fruit bunches have a considerable potential energy. But until now there is no technology to capture and utilize the potential energy. The purpose of this research were to study the engineering characteristics of oil palm fruit harvesting, to choose the best fruit bunches catchment platform material, and to analyze the potential energy of the falling fruit bunch when harvested. Observations and measurements were taken on manual palm harvesting in an oil palm plantation with four levels of fruit height of about 3 m, 8 m, 9 m and 15 m. There are four types of catchment platform material were tested, namely: steel plate, wood board, expanded steel plate and rubber sheet. Based on the measurement results, when harvesting, harvesters took a distance of about 1.5 to 3 m to the tree. Bunches fell at a distance between 0.6 m to 1.4 m from the tree. The rubber catchment platform was superior to the other materials in reducing the scattered loose fruits and bruised fruits. The weight of the fruit bunches were in ii the range of 16 kg to 32 kg. The average potential energy at the height of the fruit of 3 m,8 m, 9 m, and 15 m were 0.6 kJ, 1.7 kJ, 2.0 kJ, and 3.6 kJ, respectively.
Keyword: harvesting, engineering characteristic, potential energy, oil palm fruit, catchment platform material

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity