Judul: Effect of Exchange Rate on Natural Rubber Exports to United States and Japan.
Abstrak: Natural rubber is one of prospective tropical plants for industry commodity product. This study examines the effect of the exchange rate on natural rubber exports to the United States and Japan quarterly over the period of 1996- 2010. This study then presents how the exchange rate effects the natural rubber exports in the short and long term. All variables used in this study are stationary at first difference and there is cointegration among variables, therefore we used VECM method. Using the VECM, we find that export volume and export price affects the natural rubber exports to the United States in the short term. Export volume affect the natural rubber exports to Japan, but export price, real exchange rate, international price, competitor price, and real GDP does not. In the long term, real exchange rate, international price and competitor price significantly affects natural rubber exports to the United States. The main conclusion is that the exchange rate has no significant effect on natural rubber exports to the United States and Japan in the short term, but has significant effect on natural rubber exports to United States in the long term.
Keyword: 

Judul: Indonesian Natural Rubber Export to Japan and Its Determinants
Abstrak: Karet alam merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan unggulan Indonesia yang sebagian besar ditujukan untuk kegiatan ekspor. Kinerja ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke beberapa negara tujuan utama mengalami tren penurunan selama periode 2011-2019. Jepang merupakan salah satu negara tujuan utama ekspor karet alam Indonesia yang mengalami tren penurunan nilai ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke Jepang dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhinya selama periode 2011-2019 dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan Error Correction Model (ECM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan harga karet alam dunia dan penerapan kebijakan AETS berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke Jepang dalam jangka panjang. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dollar Amerika Serikat berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke Jepang dalam jangka pendek. Indonesia perlu meningkatkan kualitas produksi dan produktivitas lahan karet alam serta memperbaiki kinerja industri hilir karet agar dapat meningkatkan kinerja ekspor karet alam Indonesia ke Jepang., Natural rubber is one of Indonesia's leading plantation commodities, which is mainly intended for export activities. The export performance of Indonesian natural rubber to several destination countries experienced a downward trend during the 2011-2019 period. Japan is one of the leading export destinations for Indonesian natural rubber, which experienced a downward trend in export value. This study aims to analyze Indonesian natural rubber exports to Japan and its determinant factors during the 2011-2019 period using descriptive qualitative and the Error Correction Model (ECM) method. The results show that the natural rubber price and the implementation of AETS policy had significant effect on the export value of Indonesian natural rubber to Japan, in the long term. The results also show that the rupiah exchange rate against the US dollar had significant effect in the short term. Indonesia needs to improve the quality of natural rubber production and productivity as well as improve the rubber industry performance to increase the performance of Indonesian natural rubber export to Japan.
Keyword: ECM, Export Value, Natural Rubber

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
Keyword: