Judul: Semen quality of garut rams fed by different protein sources and their implementation potential assessment in small farms of West Java.
Abstrak: Excellent protein quality is absolutely required and plays an important role in the reproduction process, particularly in improving the quality of sperm for supporting the prolific nature of Garut rams. Maggot Hermetia illucens (Maggot Black Soldier Fly, MBSF) is an alternative protein source besides soybean meal (SBM) which have used as a feed. The aims of this study were to analyzed and compare the impact of different protein sources in feed on semen quality of Garut rams, and to assess the potential integration of these feeds into the small-scale breeders of West Java, Indonesia. These experiments consist of two phases; laboratory phase and breeding farms survey phase. The first phase of this study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. Treatment on this study was Brachiaria humidicola (BH) grass and T1 (concentrate contains 20% of SBM), T2 (concentrate contains 10% of SBM and 10% of MBSF), and T3 (concentrate contains 20% of MBSF). The parameters were feed consumption, semen quality (macroscopic and microscopic characteristics), also a potential ability of rams to serve females. The second phase was conducted in Garut, West Java, Indonesia as the concentration region of Garut rams, and assessing smallscale breeders who were potentially able to extend the feeding practical with MBSF, using a questionnaire as guidance. The first results showed there was no significant effect of the feeds (P>0.05) on protein nutrient consumption, semen volume, semen pH, semen color and consistency, sperm mass movement, sperm motility, sperm concentration, total number sperm per ejaculate, sperm morphology, sperm viability, sperm plasma membrane integrity and potential ability to serve females. However, the result showed a significant effect (P<0.05) on sperm viability and sperm membrane integrity. Sperm plasma membrane integrity of ram feed with T3 was better than T1 and T2. The potential ability rams to serve ewes on MBSF treatment was 38 heads, while in T1 and T2 were 43 and 57 heads respectively. The second results of the breeding farms survey explained there are two types of groups that are able to develop maggot BSF as feed based on indicators, i.e. income per month, experience, educational level, and numbers of animals. There are five categories of breeders who can apply MBSF on their farms but only four farmers from two categories were expected to be able to intergrate MBSF into their systems. The conclusion of our overall study is MBSF can be an alternative source of protein, besides soybean meal to improve the semen quality thus supporting the prolific properties of Garut rams.
Keyword: Garut rams, semen quality, maggot BSF, protein

Judul: Evaluation Sperm Quality of Garut Ram on Individual and Various Egg Yolk.
Abstrak: The purpose of this research was to know the effect of Gamt ram individual on quantity and quality of fresh and liquid semen. The research was also to study the effect of various egg yolk on quality of liquid semen which stored at 5 °c for five days. Another purpose was to study the economic aspect of various egg yolk as semen extender. This research was conducted at the Animal Husbandary and Cultivation Laboratory, Agency for the Assessment and Aplication of Technology (BPPl) and Lesan Putra Sheep Farm, Ciomas Bogor on June to July 2003. Semen was collected from three Garut rams. They are Rangga (BW~83 kg), Warok and Boris (BW~86,3 kg). Tris-citrate extender containing 20% various egg yolk as treatment i.e. quail, hen, native chicken aod duck eggs. Quality of chilledsemen including: motility, live sperm and intact plasma membrane (MPU) were evaluated every day for five days. Completely random design was used in this research. The first treatment were consist of three treatment of Garut sheep with three replication. Second treatment were consist of four treatment of egg yolk with nine replication. The result was analized with ANOVA and Tuckey's test were used for different result between the treatment. Result indicated that there was no significantly difference between rams on quality of fresh semen and chilled-semen. There was no significantly between egg yolk for mean percentages of motility, live spenn and intact plasma membrane. Triscitrate extender containing hen egg yolk is the lower cost than others. Key word: Gamt rams, semen extender, Tris-citrate, egg yolk, hen egg yolk, duck egg yolk, quail egg yolk, native chicken egg yolk
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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