Judul: Physical and Mechanical Properties of Oriented Strand Board from Three Types of Gigantochloa Bamboo
Abstrak: Bambu merupakan material yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai Oriented Strand Board (OSB). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh rasio kompresi terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis Bamboo OSB (BOSB) andong, tali, dan hitam. Strand ketiga jenis bambu diberi perlakuan pendahuluan berupa steam bilas NaOH 1%, lalu diberi perekat Phenol Formaldehyde (PF). Bamboo Oriented Strand Board andong, tali, dan hitam dengan kerapatan target 0.7 g.cm-3 dikempa dengan tekanan 2,45 MPa dan suhu 135 oC selama 9 menit. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis BOSB mengacu pada standar JIS A 5908-2003 dan dibandingkan dengan standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa BOSB ketiga jenis bambu berhasil mencapai kerapatan target. Rasio kompresi yang meningkat menghasilkan BOSB dengan stabilitas dimensi yang lebih baik. Sifat mekanis BOSB tali juga lebih baik dari BOSB andong. Namun, BOSB hitam memiliki kualitas mekanis yang lebih rendah pada beberapa parameter. Secara keseluruhan, setiap BOSB yang dihasilkan memenuhi standar CSA 0437.0 Grade O-1., Bamboo is the materials that can be used as Oriented Strand Board (OSB). The objectives of this study was to evaluate the effect of compression ratio on the physical and mechanical properties of Bamboo OSB (BOSB) andong, tali, and hitam. Andong, tali, and hitam strands were steam pre-treated with 1% NaOH rinse, then Phenol Formaldehyde (PF) adhesive was applied. The three species of BOSB with a target density of 0.7 g.cm-3 were compressed with pressure of 2.45 MPa and a temperature of 135 ºC for 9 minutes. The physical and mechanical properties BOSB were tested refers to JIS A 5908-2003 standard and compared with CSA 0437.0 standard (Grade O-1). The results of this study indicate that BOSBs of three bamboo species achieve the target density. The increased compression ratio results in a BOSB with better dimensional stability. The mechanical properties of tali BOSB are also better than those of andong BOSB. However, hitam BOSB has lower mechanical quality on several parameters. Overall, every BOSB produced meets CSA 0437.0 Grade O-1 standards.
Keyword: Bamboo OSB, Compression Ratio, Gigantochloa, Phenol Formaldehyde, Steam

Judul: Properties of oriented strand boards made from some species of bamboo
Abstrak: Bamboo is one of lignocellulotic material from non-timber forest product that have great potential as a wood substitution for OSB's raw material. In order to improve physical and mechanical properties of the OSB boards, the bamboo's strands pre-treated by steaming. Steaming pre-treatment was reported could improve dimensional stability and mechanical properties of the boards (Haryadi 2011; Iswanto et al. 2010; Rowell et al. 2002). Adhesive is important element in the manufacture of OSB due to its role as a binder constituent elements of wood. Isocyanate has a lot of advantages, i.e. high reactivity, good bonding strength and high durability, therefore could produce product with high physical and mechanical performance (Kawai et al. 1998). However, its cost that relatively higher than other adhesive based on formaldehyde may limits its utilization in industry. Utilization a mixture of formaldehyde and non formaldehyde adhesive (PF and ISO) with pre-treatment on the strands by steaming was expected contribute on the properties of the boards. In order to determine mechanical properties of the boards, destructive and non-destructive evaluation were taken in this study. The purpose of this study is to develop high quality of OSB that can fulfill the standard in its physical and mechanical properties. The plan of experiments was done by using completely randomized design with two independent variable (Factor A and B). There is also one confounding variable that have no interaction with other variables. Pre-treatment variation (Factor A) is the first factor that consist of 2 levels: steam (a1) and non steam (a2), while the second factor was composition of adhesive on the face, core, and back which consist of 4 levels: 3 layers of strands were bonded by using isocyanate (b1), 3 layers of strands were bonded by using phenol-formaldehyde (b2), face and back layer were bonded by using isocyanate while core layer was bonded by using phenol-formaldehyde (b3), and face and back layer were bonded by using phenol-formaldehyde while core layer was bonded by using isocyanate (b4). Group (C) consist of three different bamboo species, which are bamboo betung (c1), bamboo andong (c2) and bamboo tali (c3). Based on physical evaluation of OSB, the obtained values as follows: density 0.73 – 0.79 gr cm-3; MC 7.19 - 9.53%; TS 24 hours 3.54 – 11.57%; WA 24 hours 21.72 - 39.62%. Whereas from mechanical evaluation was obtained the values as follows: IB 3.52 - 13.82 kgf cm-2, MOR dry // 444 - 925 kgf cm-2, MOR dry ┴ 132 - 256 kgf cm-2, MOR wet // 264 - 612 kgf cm-2, MOR wet ┴ 85 - 187 kgf cm-2 , MOE dry // 50503 - 116044 kgf cm-2, MOE dry ┴ 9436 – 18126 kgf cm-2, MOE wet // 33536 – 9041 kgf cm-2, MOE wet ┴ 6550 – 12839 kgf cm-2. The results of non destructive evaluation (NDE) towards stiffness (MOEd) by using simple regression analysis showed that NDE could not used to estimate Modulus of Elasticity static (MOEs) and Modulus of Rupture (MOR). All parameters evaluated for physical properties of OSB, and almost all parameters for mechanical properties fulfill the standards
Keyword: bamboo, isocyanate, OSB, phenol formaldehyde, steam and non steam.

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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