Judul: Evaluasi Efektivitas Sanitasi pada Area Pendinginan dan Pengemasan Pada Produksi Mi Instan di PT. X Ciawi –Bogor
Abstrak: The research objectives were to evaluate the sources of recontamination product on cooling and packaging areas, the effectiveness of sanitation programs and personnel hygiene implemented in the cooling and packaging areas. The study was conducted at PT. X Ciawi, Bogor, from August through October 2011. The results of application of the basic requirements or CPMB indicated 5 deviations, ie, 4 minor nonconformances and 1 major nonconformance in the category rating of A (excellent). Employee understanding of hygiene and sanitation was good, showed by the questioners distributed to all employees. Microbiological recontamination sources of cooling area were found in the equipments such as conveyors, fans, and chains of cooling chamber unit. However the average number of TPC and mold were still under the internal standard (1.0 X 102 CFU/ml/cm2) established by the company. Contamination of yeast, E.coli and coliform were not found. On packaging area at the part of a tool such as conveyors, seasoning buckets and seal machine, the microbial contamination (TPC) was also found under the internal standard (1.0 X 102 CFU/ml/cm2). However other microbial contaminants such as mold, yeast, E.coli and coliform were negatives. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that the application of sanitation programs on the equipments of cooling and packaging areas were quite effective. Observation of air microbiological quality in the areas of cooling and packaging showed that contamination of TPC, molds and yeasts were under the internal standard (1.0 X 102 CFU/ml/cm2). Similar results were obtained from the cooling and packaging areas where the density of TPC, molds and yeasts were found, the values were under the internal standard (1.0 X 102 CFU / 15 minutes / 100cm2). The implementation of personnel hygine around cooling and packaging areas were effective shown by the data of equalize staphylococcus aureus and coliform were all negatives. The average amount of TPC contamination on the hands of employees were under the internal standard (1.0 CFU/ml/cm2 X 102), which indicated that personnel hygiene programs that had been implemented by the company were effective. In general it can be concluded that the implementation of GMP on particular areas of cooling and packaging at least as a basic requirements of the food industry had been met by PT. X
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Judul: Evaluation of GMP Implementation and  Opportunities for Cross Contamination Packing Area in Chicken Sausage  Production at PT XYZ
Abstrak: Sistem keamanan pangan menjadi hal yang harus diperhatikan untuk menghasilkan produk yang aman dan bermutu. PT XYZ merupakan salah satu industri sosis ayam yang telah mengimplementasikan GMP namun perlu dilakukan evaluasi. Proses packing memiliki peluang cemaran mikroba yang lebih tinggi sehingga perlu kaji ulang berupa evaluasi sanitasi alat maupun mesin, higiene karyawan, dan juga lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penerapan GMP di PT XYZ dan peluang cross contamination sehingga didapatkan saran perbaikan sesuai standar aturan. Evaluasi penerapan GMP dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu pengumpulan data, analisis data, dan saran perbaikan. Evaluasi peluang cross contamination area packing dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap yaitu evaluasi sumber-sumber cross contamination, evaluasi efektivitas sanitasi, dan saran perbaikan. Hasil evaluasi penerapan GMP di PT XYZ menunjukkan tingkat penerapan GMP sebesar 81,76% dan termasuk dalam kategori penerapan GMP level III. Temuan teridentifikasi terdiri dari 2 temuan minor, 23 temuan mayor dan 6 temuan kritis berdasarkan checklist perdirjen. Perlu perbaikan lebih lanjut agar meningkatkan level penerapan dan keamanan serta standar kualitas produk. Evaluasi peluang cross contamination area packing menunjukkan salah satu sumber kontaminasi yaitu sanitasi dan higiene yang yang masih kurang baik dan tidak konsisten sehingga perlu perbaikan dan pengendalian dengan ketat proses sanitasi untuk menurunkan peluang cross contamination di area packing., The food safety system is something that must be considered to produce the safe and quality products. PT XYZ is one of the chicken sausage industries that has implemented GMP but needs to be evaluated. The packing process has a higher chance of microbial contamination, so it needs to be reviewed in the form of an evaluation of the sanitation of tools and machines, employee hygiene, and the environment. This study aims to evaluate the application of GMP at PT XYZ and the opportunities of cross contamination so that suggestions for improvement are obtained according to regulatory standards. Evaluation of the implementation of GMP is carried out in several stages, that is data collection, data analysis, and suggestions for improvement. Evaluation of cross contamination in the area packing opportunities is carried out in several stages, that is evaluation of sources of cross contamination, evaluation of sanitation effectiveness, and suggestions for improvement. The results of the evaluation of the implementation of GMP in PT XYZ showed that GMP implementation level of 81,76% and belonged to the category of level III implementation. The identified findings consisted of 2 minor findings, 23 major findings, and 6 critis findings with perdirjen checklist. Further improvements are needed to improve the level of application and safety as well as product quality standards. Evaluation of cross contamination opportunities in the packing area showed that one source of contamination, sanitation and hygiene, is still not good and not consistent, so it is necessary to improve and strictly control the sanitation process to reduce cross contamination opportunities in the packing area.
Keyword: GMP, food safety, sanitation, chicken sausage

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Tubuh Buaya Senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii)
Abstrak: Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan buaya besar yang rentan punah dan hanya dapat ditemukan di rawa dataran rendah, danau dan sungai di Sumatera bagian timur, Kalimantan dan Jawa Barat (Indonesia), Serawak, Semenanjung Malaysia (Malaysia) serta Brunei Darussalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong yang dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu set preparat skelet tubuh buaya senyulong. Parameter penelitian meliputi pengamatan bentuk bagian skelet yang khas, mengukur panjang dan lebar tulang, serta dibandingkan dengan skelet tubuh jenis buaya lain, biawak air (Varanus salvator) maupun literatur yang terkait dengan sistem skelet tubuh hewan. Karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong relatif mirip pada jenis buaya lain. Beberapa karakteristik yang ditemukan yaitu, proatlas pada os atlas, os axis hanya memiliki zygapophysis caudalis, bagian lateral dari ossa vertebrae cervicales yang dilengkapi dengan cervical ribs, memiliki jumlah costae sternalis yang banyak, rangkaian ossa gastralia pada abdomen, ossa vertebrae lumbales memiliki zygapophysis cranialis dengan sudut >90o dari sumbu tubuh. Selain itu, os vertebrae caudalis I memiliki caput cranial dan caudal, ossa vertebrae caudales memiliki processus transversus yang semakin memendek ke arah caudal. Di medioventral tulang ini ditemukan ossa chevron dengan hemal arch sampai menjelang akhir ossa vertebrae caudalis. Skelet tubuh buaya senyulong memiliki hubungan yang kokoh dan kompak untuk menunjang fleksibilitas tubuh untuk berjalan, berenang dan berburu mangsa
Keyword: anatomi, buaya senyulong, skelet tubuh