Judul: Perhitungan Nilai Finansial Usaha Nelayan Kecil dan Subsisten  di Desa Muara, Kecamatan Wanasalam, Kabupaten Lebak,  Banten
Abstrak: Nelayan kecil saat ini didefinisikan sebagai “orang yang mata pencahariannya melakukan penangkapan ikan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari, baik yang menggunakan Kapal Penangkap Ikan maupun yang tidak menggunakan Kapal Penangkap Ikan”. Sebagai bentuk usaha, nelayan kecil termasuk skala usaha mikro yang dibatasi dengan kriteria modal dan hasil penjualan. Kalimat “memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari” pada istilah nelayan kecil tidak memiliki penjelasan lebih terukur dalam batasan finansial, padahal dalam konteks ekonomi dikenal sebagai istilah subsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis kegiatan usaha penangkapan ikan, mengidentifikasi pola kerja dan pola kepemilikan usaha penangkapan ikan, menghitung nilai finansial usaha penangkapan ikan, menghitung penghasilan pelaku usaha penangkapan ikan, serta menentukan kondisi finansial pelaku usaha penangkapan ikan dibandingkan dengan ambang batas garis kemiskinan oleh BPS dan World Bank. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Unit Penangkapan Ikan (UPI) skala kecil di Binuangeun terbagi menjadi UPI berkapal dan UPI tanpa kapal. Suatu UPI yang dimiliki oleh nelayan pemilik dioperasikan oleh nahkoda yang bisa merupakan pemilik kapal tersebut maupun memperkerjakan nelayan buruh. Unit penangkapan tanpa kapal umumnya hanya terdiri dari pemilik sekaligus mengoperasikan alat penangkapan ikan. Nilai pendapatan nelayan cenderung fluktuatif, selama 12 bulan nilainya bisa di bawah dan bisa di atas tolok ukur garis kemiskinan menurut BPS dan World Bank.
Keyword: Small fishers, subsistence, finance, micro business scale, poverty line

Judul: Financial Calculation of Small Scale Fishers and The Poverty Line in Kali Adem North Jakarta
Abstrak: Istilah "nelayan kecil" mengacu pada semua nelayan yang melakukan penangkapan ikan dengan atau tanpa menggunakan kapal untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup sehari-hari. Definisi "nelayan kecil" yang tidak terkuantifikasi ini menyulitkan dalam membedakan nelayan mana yang benar-benar membutuhkan bantuan atau keistimewaan tertentu dari pemerintah yang berpotensi menyebabkan bantuan pemerintah tidak tepat sasaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aspek finansial nelayan kecil terutama modal dan pendapatan kotor tahunan mereka yang dibandingkan dengan kategori skala usaha dari Peraturan Pemerintah No. 7/2021, serta untuk menilai pendapatan individu nelayan kecil dan pengeluaran pangan mereka yang dibandingkan dengan Garis Kemiskinan Makanan yang ditetapkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik DKI Jakarta. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat jenis satuan usaha penangkapan ikan skala kecil di Kali Adem, yaitu jaring rampus, payang, pukat cincin, dan jaring rajungan dengan kapal kayu bermesin tempel kurang dari lima Gross Tonnage (<5 GT) yang beroperasi dengan trip harian. Semua jenis alat tangkap tersebut masuk dalam kategori usaha mikro dengan tingkat modal dan pendapatan maksimal hanya dua puluh lima persen dari batas atas usaha mikro. Sebagian besar nelayan di Kali Adem mengeluarkan biaya pangan di atas Garis Kemiskinan Makanan yang ditetapkan oleh BPS. Namun, studi ini tidak menganalisis biaya pangan rumah tangga nelayan untuk dibandingkan dengan Garis Kemiskinan Makanan Rumah Tangga., The term "small fishers" refers to all fishers who are fishing with or without a fishing boat to fulfill their daily needs. This unquantified definition of "small fishers" makes it difficult to discern whose fishers really need certain assistance or privilege from the government and has the potential to cause government assistance to be mistargeted. The objectives of this study were to determine the financial aspect of small fishers, mainly their capital and yearly gross revenue, to be compared with the business scale category from the Government Regulation No. 7/2021 and to assess small fishers individual income and food expenditure compared to the food poverty line established by National Bureau of Statistic DKI Jakarta. The results of this study show that there are four types of small-scale fishing units in Kali Adem: rampus nets, payang, purse seine, and crab nets with wood vessel single outboard motor less than five Gross Tonnage (<5 GT) operates as a one-day fishing trip. All types of fishing gear fall into the micro business category with a maximum level of capital and income of only twenty-five percent of the micro business upper limit. Most fishermen in Kali Adem spend food costs above the Food Poverty Line set by BPS. However, this study did not analyze fishers household food costs to compare with the Household Food Poverty Line.
Keyword: financial, micro business scale, small fishers, the food poverty line

Judul: Enhancement of photon absorbtion on BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films semiconductor using photonic crystals.
Abstrak: In this research, has been conducted BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films manufacturing for mole fraction x = 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55; and concentration of 1 molar using chemical solution depositon (CSD) method. The materials, which are used in this research, are barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%], titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28), 97.999%], gallium trioxide [Ga2O3], 2-methoxyethanol [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] and 1 x 1 cm of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass as substrate. Two BST thin films are made that for BST thin films which are doped by 10% galium (BGST) as p-type layer and pure BST solution as n-type. BST solution is made by reacting barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%] and titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28)] into 2-methoxyethanol solvent [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] in accordance with mass gram for each x value. While, BGST solution is made in the same way as BST solution, plus adding gallium at 10% of the mass of BST. Once all materials are reacted, then vibrated using ultrasonic for 90 minutes, and followed by coating BGST / BST on the TCO substrate. Once the layer is formed, then annealed for 15 hours at temperature of 500 °C with increasing rate of 1.67 oC/minute. Characterizations of BST thin films with or without photonic crystals include the absorbance and transmittance in the visible light spectrum, as well as the electrical photoconductivity characterizations. From BST thin films without photonic crystals indicate that our thin films have light absorption area on almost the entire range of the visible light spectrum even to the infrared range with absorption value over than 67.6%, in addition, it can be seen that the maximum absorbance of BST thin films for all mole fractions lie in blue to green light spectrum region, 457 nm ≤ λ ≤ 570 nm and the minimum in yellow to red light spectrum region, 570 nm ≤ λ ≤ 678 nm. The largest absorbance is found at x = 0.25 with average absorbance value of 92.04% and maximum and minimum absorbance peaks at wavelength of 500.89 and 657.72 nm, respectively. At x = 0.35, average absorbance value decreased to 83.55% with maximum and minimum peaks at 505.73 and 613.68 nm, respectively. Then increased to 91.16% at x = 0.45 with maximum and minimum peaks at 506.04 and 618.56 nm, respectively. At x = 0.55, average absorbance value decreased to 80.12% with maximum and minimum peaks at 507.85 and 608.79 nm, respectively. Moreover, it can be seen that the addition of barium mole fraction leads to wider maximum absorbance or minimum transmittance peaks and narrower minimum absorbance or maximum transmittance peaks in the same range of the green and blue & red light spectrums, respectively. BST thin films with photonic crystals show increasing in absorption for all x values in the range of 3.04 into 13.33%. At x = 0.25, average absorbance percentage increased 3.96% from 92.4 into 95.68%, for x = 0.35 average percentage increased 7.07% into 89.45 from 83.55%. Furthermore, average absorbance of BST thin films at x = 0.45 increased 3.04% from 91.16 into 93.93% and x = 0.55 has
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