Judul: Evaluasi Penambatan Molekuler dan Analisis Sifat Fisikokimia Senyawa Aktif Tanaman Herbal Untuk Agen Antiepileptik
Abstrak: Epilepsi merupakan salah satu penyakit kronis yang menyerang otak manusia. Terdapat beragam cara untuk mengobati epilepsi, salah satunya dengan mengonsumsi obat antiepileptik. Akan tetapi, obat-obat antiepileptik ini memiliki efek samping yang berisiko tinggi sehingga penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mencari alternatif lain yang dapat berpotensi sebagai agen antiepileptik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode in silico berupa penambatan molekuler dan analisis sifat fisikokimia pada senyawa aktif yang terkandung dalam beberapa herbal yang terdapat di Indonesia dan dianalisis berdasarkan sudut pandang fisika molekuler. Xylopine lebih berpotensi karena secara fisikokimia xylopine memiliki sifat yang mirip dengan obat, mudah berikatan dengan sisi aktif reseptor, dan ikatannya dengan sisi aktif reseptor tidak mudah lepas. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman herbal cukup bersaing dengan obat dalam hal menginhibisi reseptornya., Epilepsy is one of the chronic diseases which attacked human brain. There are various ways to treat epilepsy, one of them is by taking antiepileptic drugs. But, these antiepileptic drugs have high-risk side effect so that this research has been done to find another alternatives that can be potential as antiepileptic agent. This research was conducted using the in silico method in the form of molecular docking and physicochemical properties analysis of active compounds which is contained in several Indonesian herbs and analyzed based on molecular physics. Xylopine is more potential because physicochemically it has drug-like properties, easier to bind with the active sites of receptor, and it bonds with the active sites are strong. It indicates that herbs are quite competitive with the medicines in terms of inhibiting the receptor.
Keyword: Antiepileptic agent, epilepsy, herbal active compounds, molecular docking, physicochemical properties

Judul: Uji Permutasi Efek Sinergis Bahan Aktif Tanaman Obat Berbasiskan Jejaring Dengan Protein Target.
Abstrak: Tanaman obat merupakan tanaman yang mengandung berbagai bahan aktif yang bermanfaat untuk mencegah dan menyembuhkan penyakit serta melakukan fungsi biologis tertentu. Berbeda dengan obat-obatan sintesis yang melibatkan satu senyawa kimia tunggal (one drug-one target), tanaman obat mengerahkan efek yang menguntungkan dengan tindakan aditif atau sinergis dari beberapa senyawa kimia yang bekerja pada satu atau beberapa target (multicomponent-network target) yang terkait dengan proses fisiologis. Suatu kombinasi bahan aktif menunjukkan efek sinergis ketika efek bahan aktif secara bersama-sama lebih besar daripada efek masing-masing bahan aktif secara terpisah. Efek sinergis bahan aktif tanaman obat dapat diidentifikasi dengan pendekatan jejaring dengan protein target. Metode NIMS (Network target-based Identification of Multicomponent Synergy) adalah metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat potensi efek sinergis dan menilai kekuatan sinergis antar kombinasi bahan aktif pada tingkatan molekular dengan mengkuantifikasi kekuatan sinergis bahan aktif yang disebut dengan skor sinergi. Kajian efek sinergis diterapkan pada ramuan jamu yang sedang dikembangkan di Pusat Studi Biofarmaka untuk pengobatan diabetes mellitus tipe 2 yang terdiri atas 55 bahan aktif pada empat tanaman (Bratawali, Pare, Jahe, dan Sembung). Skor sinergi yang relatif tinggi ditunjukkan oleh pasangan bahan aktif antar tanaman Jahe. Efek sinergi antar tanaman yang berbeda namun mempunyai skor sinergi yang juga relatif tinggi adalah pasangan beberapa bahan aktif tanaman Jahe dan Pare, serta pasangan beberapa bahan aktif tanaman Bratawali dan Jahe. Berdasarkan hasil uji permutasi, skor sinergi tersebut signifikan.
Keyword: drugCIPHER-CS, jamu, NIMS, network target

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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