Judul: Peranan Total Factor Productivity (TFP) dan hubungan Ekspor-Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) di sektor pertanian indonesia
Abstrak: The agricultural sector has an important role in developing economy as a contribution for the national Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Thus, it is also important to see the usage of agricultural TFP and agricultural export related to agricultural GDP. Structural challenge caused by economic crisis is also important to be observed in terms of its influence toward variables in the agricultural sector. This research functions to: (1) Aanalyze Total Factor Productivity (TFP) in Indonesia’s agricultural sector; (2) Analyze short term and long term relations between agricultural export and GDP of the agricultural sector and other variables in Indonesia’s agricultural sector; (3) Analyze structural in Indonesia’s agricultural sector. The method used is ECM model and Chow Test. The research result shows that agricultural TFP gives the largest contribution towards the growth of agricultural output. If seen from the phases of economic growth, it is evident that during the phase before economic crisis, agricultural TFP gives the largest contribution towards agricultural GDP. During the phase of economic crisis, the negative growth of agricultural output origins from the negative agricultural TFP. But after the economic crisis, the growth of agricultural output became larger than PMA investment compared to agricultural TFP. Agricultural GDP has a different relation towards agricultural export in short term and long term. In short term, agricultural GDP one year previously (+), Agricultural TFP (-), agricultural domestic price (+) and agricultural export price (-); in long term, agricultural GDP (+), Agricultural TFP (-), and agricultural domestic price (-) have significant effects toward agricultural export. While the variables of agricultural export price and exchange rate do not have significant influence toward agricultural export. There was a structural change caused by economic crisis in 1997 which changed the short term relation parameter of agricultural export with agricultural GDP and other variables. Estimation result after added by monetary crisis dummy in 1997 shows that in short term, agricultural GDP one year previously (+), agricultural TFP (-), agricultural domestic price (+), agricultural export price (-), agricultural domestic price one year previously (+), and economic crisis dummy of 1997 (+) have significant influences toward agricultural export. Analysis of the new ECM result (short term) showst that the parameter coefficient signs of the following variables: agricultural GDP, agricultural TFP, agricultural domestic price, agricultural export price, in accordance with the hypothesis are variables with a one year lag. Meaning, that there is a lag of agricultural export in response to the influencing variables.
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Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Total Factor Productivity Industri Pertanian Indonesia Periode 1981-2010
Abstrak: Industry has a big role in Indonesia’s economy as the main driver of development, which it gives the largest contribution to the Gross National Product (GNP). Indonesia is an agrarian country which has a big potency in developing agriculture products because of the abundant resources it has, supporting climate, and fertile soil. This study aims to analyze Total Factor Productivity (TFP) of Indonesia’s agriculture industry through a Cobb-Douglas production function approach and analyze factors influencing it using Error Correction Model (ECM), along with a descriptive method to explain an overview of agriculture industry in Indonesia. Time series data are used for period 1980-2010. The estimation result shows that variables significantly influencing TFP are Gross National Product, domestic investment, export of industry output (X), and investment import (M).
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Judul: Morfologi Organ Reproduksi Betina Walet Linchi (Collocalia linchi)
Abstrak: This research is aimed to describe the morphology of the female reproductive organs of the cave swiftlets (C. linchi ) macroscopic and microscopically. Four female reproduction organs were used in this study. Microscopic observation was done using Hematoxilin – eosin (HE), alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) staining methods. The reproductive organs were consisted of ovarium and oviduct. The oviduct has five parts: infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, uterus and vagina. The mucosa of oviduct has mucosal folds and lined with columnar ciliated epithelial cells. Glandular glands were found in the lamina propria of oviduct, except in the vagina. The thick muscle of sphincter uterovagina was found in the border between uterus and vagina. Using AB-PAS staining methods, it was detected that oviduct contained neutral and acid carbohydrate, especially in the secrete glands of oviduct.
Keyword: oviduct., ovarium, Collocalia linchi