Judul: Efektivitas Minyak Kemiri (Aleurites moluccana L.) sebagai Penumbuh Rambut pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus).
Abstrak: Rambut rontok merupakan masalah yang banyak dijumpai dan mengakibatkan kebotakan. Kebotakan dapat dicegah dengan produk sintetis maupun herbal, namun produk sintetis dapat menimbulkan efek samping. Minyak kemiri mampu menjadi alternatif pengobatan karena terbuat dari bahan alam dan aman digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas minyak kemiri sebagai penumbuh rambut. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kelompok kontrol tanpa pengolesan (A), kelompok dengan pengolesan sekali sehari (B), kelompok dengan pengolesan dua kali sehari (C), dan kelompok dengan pengolesan tiga kali sehari (D). Panjang rambut diukur dan uji iritasi dilakukan pada hari ke-6, 9, 12, dan 15 dengan perlakuan diberikan setiap hari secara topikal pada punggung tikus yang telah dicukur. Hasil penelitian menujukkan bahwa minyak kemiri memiliki efektivitas sebagai penumbuh rambut. Uji efektivitas minyak kemiri sebagai penumbuh rambut menunjukkan pertumbuhan rambut yang lebih cepat secara statistik dibandingkan kontrol pada frekuensi pengolesan tiga kali sehari dan tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan pengolesan satu kali dan dua kali sehari. Uji iritasi yang dilakukan tidak menunjukkan adanya iritasi pada punggung tikus., Hair loss is a common problem and it can cause baldness. Baldness may be prevented with synthetic or herbal product, however synthetic products may have side effects. Candlenut oil can be used as an alternative treatment because it is made from natural ingredients and also safe to use. This study aims to test the effectiveness of pure candlenut oil as hair growth promoters. The treatment groups consisted of control rats without smearing of candlenut oil (A), rats receiving smearing of candlenut oil once a day (B), rats receiving smearing of candlenut oil twice a day (C), and rats receiving smearing of candlenut oil three times a day (D). Hair length was measured and irritation tests were carried out on day 6th, 9th, 12th, and 15th with the topical treatment daily on the shaved areas at the back of the rats. The results of the study show that pure candlenut oil has effectiveness as hair growth promoter. The fastest hair growth was found in rats receiving smearing of candlenut oil three times a day. There was no significant difference in hair growth in rats receiving smearing of candlenut oil once and twice a day compare to control. The irritation test did not show any sign of irritation on the rat's back.
Keyword: baldness, candlenut oil, hair, hair growth promoters, herbal products

Judul: Potential Effect of Apple Juice (Malus domestica) as Hair Growth Promoter in Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Abstrak: Rambut berfungsi untuk memberikan kehangatan, perlindungan, keindahan serta penunjang penampilan. Kerontokan rambut yang dapat mengakibatkan kebotakan merupakan salah satu problema yang paling dikhawatirkan setiap orang. Kebotakan biasanya di obati dengan mengonsumsi obat tertentu namun keamanan dari obat-obatan tersebut belum tentu terjamin. Bahan alami menjadi salah satu alternatif yang dapat dipilih, diantaranya adalah sari buah apel (Malus domestica). Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji dan mempelajari efektivitas sari buah apel sebagai penumbuh rambut serta menganalisis frekuensi pengolesan terbaik dengan parameter pertumbuhan rambut dan reaksi iritasi pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak 6 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 4 perlakuan pada masing-masing tikus yaitu kontrol (tidak diberi olesan), 1 kali oles sehari, 2 kali oles sehari, dan 3 kali oles sehari. Pengukuran panjang rambut tikus dilakukan pada hari ke-6, 9, 12, dan 15 serta menganalisis skor eritema dan edema atau Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sari buah apel memiliki efek yang signifikan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan rambut. Pemberian olesan sebanyak 3 kali sehari menjadi kelompok dengan frekuensi pemberian olesan terbaik karena memiliki perbedaan nyata terhadap kelompok kontrol. Tidak ada reaksi iritasi yang ditimbulkan dari sari buah apel saat dilakukan uji iritasi pada tikus., Hair serves to provide warmth, protection, beauty, and for better appearance. Hair loss which can lead to baldness is one of the major concerns for everyone. Baldness is usually treated by taking certain drugs, but the safety of these drugs is not guaranteed. Natural ingredients are an alternative option as treatment, including apple cider (Malus domestica). This study aims to test and study the effectiveness of apple cider as hair growth promoter and to analyze the best application frequency with parameters of hair growth and irritation reactions in rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 6 rats were divided into 4 treatment areas in each individual, namely control (not given a spread), 1 smear a day, 2 smears a day, and 3 smears a day. The hair length measurements of the rats were carried out on the 6th, 9th, 12th, and 15th days and analyzed the erythema and edema scores or the Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII). The results showed that apple cider has a significant effect as a hair growth promoter. Applying 3 smears a day is the group with the best smearing frequency because it has a significant difference from the control group. There was no irritation reaction caused by apple cider when the irritation test was carried out on rats.
Keyword: kebotakan, penumbuh rambut, reaksi iritasi, sari buah apel

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory