Judul: Evaluation of the Landscape Characteristics of the Alun-alun Lor of Keraton Surakarta, Central Java
Abstrak: Sejarah Keraton Surakarta, yang merupakan perpecahan Kerajaan Mataram, melekat erat dalam penempatan dan penggunaan Alun-alun Lor Surakarta. Tetapi unsur budaya dan penggunaan tapak mulai berubah seiring perkembangan zaman. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya evaluasi karakteristik yang ada saat ini. Evaluasi dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu mengidentifikasi karakter dan fungsi pengelolaan tapak, signifikansi budaya, serta persepsi dan preferensi masyarakat. Alun-alun Lor Surakarta dinilai tidak nyaman karena memiliki nilai Temperature Humidity Index (THI) tertinggi sebesar 29,45 pada perkerasan tanpa naungan. Nilai-nilai kepercayaan dan kebudayaan yang telah ditanam sejak dahulu, masih mengelilingi Keraton Surakarta hingga kini. Pengunjung biasanya mengunjungi Alun-alun Utara Surakarta untuk berjalan-jalan. Meskipun kebanyakan vegetasi yang berada di Alun-alun Lor Surakarta berjenis pohon, sebanyak 23% pengunjung mengeluhkan tapak yang panas. Rekomendasi akan memperhatikan identitas orisinal alun-alun yang harus dipertahankan dan berdampingan dengan penyesuaian identitas baru, The history of Keraton Surakarta, once was a part of Mataram Kingdom, is closely tied to the placement and utilization of Alun-alun Lor Surakarta. However, the cultural aspect and the site utilization is starting to shift along with the evolution of time. Therefore, there needs to be an evaluation for the current characteristics. The evaluation is done in several steps, namely identificating character and site management's function, cultural significance, also public's perception and preference. Alun-alun Lor Surakarta is considered uncomfortable because its highest (Temperature Humidity Index) THI score is 29,45 on pavements without any shade. The belief and cultural values that have been implanted since the past, still surrounding Keraton Surakarta's until now. Visitors usually visits the AlunAlun Lor Surakarta to stroll. Even though the majority of vegetation in Alun-alun Lor Surakarta is categorized as trees, 23% of visitor complains about the hot temperature on the site. The recommendation will be made in regards of the original identity of the Alun-alun that has to be preserved, alongside with the new identity adjustment.
Keyword: alun-alun cultural significance, landscape characteristics, user perception

Judul: Greenery Planning to Strengthen the Character of Cultural Landscape in the Alun-alun of Keraton Surakarta
Abstrak: Kota Surakarta merupakan kota yang masih kental dengan nilai sejarah dan budaya, salah satunya ditandai dengan masih berdirinya Keraton Surakarta Hardiningrat yang memiliki alun-alun sebagai ruang terbukanya. Namun vegetasi sebagai salah satu elemen lanskap yang memiliki nilai filosofis sejarah dan budaya penting juga tidak dimaksimalkan dalam penataannya sehingga fungsi vegetasi yang diharapkan belum tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan tata hijau pada kedua alun-alun ini untuk memperkuat karakter alun-alun sebagai bagian dari lanskap budaya Keraton Surakarta sekaligus meningkatkan fungsinya baik secara ekologis maupun estetika sebagai bagian dari ruang terbuka hijau kota. Metode analisis dilakukan secara kuantitatif melalui skoring dan kualitatif yang kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif dan spasial. Hasil analisis signifikansi lanskap budaya terhadap tapak menunjukkan bahwa kedua alun-alun ini berada pada kategori sedang. Konsep perencanaan tata hijau ini adalah menjadikan Alun-alun sebagai ruang terbuka yang memiliki karakter lanskap budaya yang selaras dengan Kawasan Keraton Surakarta, sebagai salah satu bentuk upaya pelestarian cagar budaya. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini berupa site plan dan planting plan yang telah disusun berdasar rencana ruang, sirkulasi dan tata hijau., Surakarta is a city that is closely related to its historical and cultural values, which is marked by the still-standing Keraton Surakarta Hardiningrat which has alun-alun as its open space. Although often used by the citizen, spatial planning and vegetation on the Alun-Alun is not yet managed optimally. Therefore, greenery planning is needed in both alun-alun to strengthen the character of the Alun-alun as part of the cultural landscape of the Keraton Surakarta while enhancing its function both ecologically and aesthetically as part of the city's green open spaces. The method of analysis was carried out quantitatively through scoring and qualitative which was then presented in descriptive and spatial forms. The results of the analysis of the significance of the cultural landscape on the site show that these two alun-alun are in the medium category. The concept of this green planning is to strengthen the cultural landscape character of Alun-alun to be in harmony with the Keraton Surakarta Area, as a form of cultural heritage preservation effort. The final result of this research are site plan and planting plan prepared based on spatial, circulation, and greenery planning.
Keyword: alun-alun, cultural landscape, greenery planning, Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat, Surakarta city

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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