Judul: Modifikasi Selulosa Ampas Tebu dengan Asetilasi
Abstrak: Bagasse has high cellulose content (52.7%), that can be modified into cellulose acetate by acetylation. Cellulose was isolated from bagasse by treatment with water, delignification with NaOH and NaClO2, and activation with H2SO4. Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis showed that cellulose fibers have coated fibers after delignification and cellulose microfiber has not coated fibers after acid treatment. Infrared spectra showed the acetylation succeeded as proved by absorption of C=O at 1751–1749 cm-1 and absorption of –C–O– at 1244–1267 cm-1. The degree of substitution for delignified products were 0.07 (NaOH delignification) and 1.01 (NaClO2 delignification). Acetylated product had the highest degree of substitution (2.37). The degree of substitution and the molecular weight increased, meanwhile the degree of polymerization decreased. Molecular weight was 58,577–72,516 g mol-1 and degree of polymerization was 289–509. To evaluate the modified bagasse performance, it was used as a stationary phase in column chromatography and toluene was used as mobile phase. The extract of Curcuma xanthorrhiza was not eluted in the modified bagasse column.
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Judul: Modifikasi Selulosa Ampas Sagu Dengan Polimerisasi Pencangkokan Dan Penautan-Silangan
Abstrak: Sago palm cake has high cellulose content. Prior to modification, cellulose of the sago palm cake was isolated in 4 stages: washed with distilled water, freed from starch, removed from hemicellulose, and removed from lignin. Modification of the sample was done by grafting and crosslinking using acrylamide as monomer, N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker, and ammonium peroksidisulfat as initiator. Fourier tranformation infrared (FTIR) spectra of cellulose results showed the success of grafting and crosslinking modification. This can be evidenced by the emergence of bond stretching absorption of C=O at 1654.92 cm-1 wave number and intense -NH2 functional group appeared at wave number of 3182.64 cm-1, indicated the presence of polymer and crosslinker on the modified cellulose. The polymer formed had an average grafting ratio of 300.7 and an average grafting efficiency of 59.1% in order to obtain an average degree of crosslinking treatment in 24 hours of 31.5 g water/g polymer and in 48 hours treatment of 35.4 g water/g polymer.
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Judul: Penyebaran virus Newcastle-Disease (ND) pada burung liar
Abstrak: Banyak usaha yang telah dilakukan untuk mencegah dan mengendalikan terjadinya serangan wabah ND, seperti misalnya peningkatan sanitasi dan vaksinasi ND. Akan tetapi sam pai saat ini pengendaliannya belum dapat dilakukan secara tuntas. Banyak masalah yang menyebabkan kegagalan dari usaha untuk mengendalikan wabah ND, salah satu masalah yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penanggulangan wabah ND adalah sumber dan penyebaran virus ND oleh burung liar (Ronohardjo, 1980). Walaupun telah diketahui bahwa burung liar mempunyai peranan dalam penyebaran penyakit unggas, tetapi harus diakui bahwa sedikit sekali informasi mengenai jenis burung yang mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber dan penyebar virus ND. Selain menyebarkan penyakit unggas, burung liar juga dapat menyebarkan penyakit mammalia (Ottis and Bachmann, 1983). ...
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