Judul: Langgan Bagi Nelayan Muara-Binuangeun (Studi Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Nelayan Muara-Binuangeun, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten)
Abstrak: Local wisdom that developed in fisherman society at Muara-Binuangeun village have characteristic which adjusted by environmentally society at that place and really be related with society livelihood that is as fisherman. One of developed local wisdom on fisherman society Muara-Binuangeun is Langgan. Langgan is one of local wisdom that gets to form rules or Norms, moral values in which managed mechanism that is carried on at in its to reach prosperous as economic that decided by side one engage in that system. Beside that, Langgan also can be definited as individual who gived capital to fishermen communityfor sailing at Muara-Binuangeun. Langgan were born from society initiative to solve them economy social problem. Upon happening poverty on society and its implication is society have no capital to go out to sea, at that moment evoked initiative to look for alternative in look for capital loan. Afterwards formed Langgan as initiations from that society. In its developing, as part of society culture, Langgan growing and develope becomes to outgrow as well as culture. Based on it also, therefore Langgan also experiences probability to changed as well as society social life and society culture. Base studi's result at the field, available three factor that regard change on Langgan. The third Factor that among those are: first, Intervensi Ulama passes through Islam, already prohibits practice Langgan. Second, Intervensi government policy via TPI (Auction place Fishes Out), where is TPI'S existence have revamped policy that at applies by Langgan. Third, Proverty and transfer profession that happening on society, where upon their livelihood as fisherman no longer keeps faith, therefore a lot of society changes over their profession and leave their work as fisherman.
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Judul: Social Security System Masyarakat Nelayan (Kasus Masyarakat Nelayan Ujung Kulon, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten).
Abstrak: Historically, the transformation of fishing community at Ujung Kulon was started with the opening of isolated coastal area at Ujung Kulon in 1970s and increasingly developed since 1980s. Better transportation and access to and from the area had encouraged the penetration of capitalism and market influence to the society. The penetration of capitalism and market influence had caused significant change in the dimension of culture, institution and economic action. Those changes were related to the change on social security system mechanism in the livelihood of local. In economic cultural dimension, fishing community at Ujung Kulon had undergone change as a result of area opening and the introduction of market economic system. The market brought new goods, lifestyle, information and satisfaction where wealth and consumption were new needs to be fulfilled by the society. Market culture norms include being selfish, maximizing profit and satisfaction, individualism and market complexity had influenced and changed the economic culture of local fishing community. The development of market economic culture was supported by the development of transportation facilities and infrastructures such as television, mobile phone, and internet and so on. Some aspects in economic culture of fishermen were closely related to economic mechanism of the society that undergone change such as orientation for hard work, opinion on and decision making of investment and saving, reciprocity, trust system among economic actors, economic collectivity and solidarity. In the context of change on economic culture of fishing community, it seems that certain aspects in the culture that changed could become the economic motivation needed for the growth of market economic. One of the origin cultural aspects of fishermen which was tendency to work hard was one of economic motivations needed for market economic growth. Fishermen at Ujung Kulon had undergone change on value orientation. The value of hard work that initially was aimed for subsistence fulfillment had changed to pursue wealth and consumption. This change on orientation apparently functioned as the driver of economic wheel in fishery sector. Orientation of hard work was getting stronger when the aim is to pursue wealth and consumption which means to gain glory among the society. The situation would give more motivation to work to gain maximum economic profit. This motivation supported by the increase in self-confidence in investment and saving based on optimism and loss risk could be a driver for economic growth of fishermen. On the other hand, the introduction of market economic culture norm had diluted the mechanism of traditional social security system of local fishing community due to the change in norm system of reciprocity, trust, collectivity and solidarity which was the base of main value of traditional social security system that give social economic security to fishing community. Regarding the institutional change, the penetration of market economic system had brought significant change to patronage institution which was the social security institution and it existence was very significant in fishermen activity. Transformation was occurred in patronage institution of Ujung Kulon fishing community from traditional norm-based patronage (original morality) to market economic norm-based patronage. The implication of change in norm base occurred
Keyword: social security system, cultural, institution, economic action, fishing community

Judul: 3D-CRT Technique Simulation Using the Monte Carlo EGSnrc Method on CT Fantom
Abstrak: 3D-CRT merupakan salah satu teknik radioterapi yang digunakan untuk meminimalisir efek samping dari radioterapi dengan cara melakukan penyinaran radiasi dari berbagai sudut. Simulasi teknik penyinaran 3D-CRT dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi dosis yang akan diterima oleh target sebelum diaplikasikan kepada pasien. Simulasi yang dilakukan menggunakan program EGSnrc berbasis monte carlo pada fantom homogen virtual dengan material PMMA yang bersumber dari data CT fantom ArcCheck. Berbagai sudut yang digunakan yaitu sudut 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180° dan 270° untuk mensimulasikan teknik penyinaran 3D-CRT. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan karakteristik distribusi dosis pada fantom bernilai maksimum di daerah sekitar permukaan. Penjumlahan distribusi dosis pada semua sudut menghasilkan dosis maksimum pada daerah isocenter. Hal ini sudah sesuai dengan tujuan dari teknik 3D-CRT. Perbandingan distribusi dosis antara hasil simulasi dan hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa distribusi dosis keduanya sama secara kualitatif., 3D-CRT is one of the radiotherapy techniques used to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy by delivering radiation from various angles. Simulation of the 3D-CRT technique was performed to determine the distribution dose received by the target before it was applied to the patient. Simulations were carried out using the Monte Carlo-based EGSnrc program on a virtual homogeneous phantom with PMMA material from ArcCheck phantom CT data. Simulation of the 3D-CRT technique using various angles, such as 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, and 270°. The simulation results show the proper distribution of the dose on the phantom in the area around the surface. The accumulation of distribution dose from all angles produces a maximum dose at the isocenter. This corresponds to the 3D-CRT technique. The comparison of simulation and experimental results shows that the distribution doses are qualitatively the same.
Keyword: 3D-CRT, CT phantom, Dose distribution, EGSnrc, Monte carlo method