Judul: Analisis Keragaman Genetik Bakteri Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dengan Teknik Amplified rDNA Restriction Analysis (ARDRA) Gen 16S-rRNA
Abstrak: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB) of rice. Fifteen Xoo from several regions in Indonesia were analyzed their genetic diversity by using amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) technique of 16S-rRNA gene. The aim of this analysis is to identify the genetic diversity of Xoo and can be used as a reference for HDB-resistance plant research. An amplified 16S-rRNA gene from Xoo was cut by using RsaI restriction enzyme and formed ARDRA pattern. ARDRA pattern was further used as the binary data for the construction of phylogenetics tree. Phylogenetics tree showed that the genetic relationship of the isolates was quite close. Isolate of 1/96 and 61 are close enough to 29D, 59, and 60 isolates although they are from different regions. Other isolates showed close relation are isolate 5 to 23D, 28D, 10, 8, and isolate 6 to 3 and 2 isolates. The genetic cluster quantity showed the genetic diversity of Xoo analyzed is quite high.
Keyword: ARDRA, 16S-rRNA, Xanthomonas oryzae, genetic diversity

Judul: Identifikasi Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dengan Teknik Biomolekuler dan Karakter Patogenitas terhadap Padi Galur Isogenik.
Abstrak: Increased production of paddy can face obstacle because the biotic stresses like bacterial leaf blight (BLB). The aim of this research to identification BLB caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae (Xoo) by biomolecular technique using three primers specific Xoo through PCR colony, and to know virulence of Xoo isolates from West Java, West Sumatera, West Borneo by clip method for character of pathogenicity analysis using near-Isogenic lines and popular varieties. The purifying result were obtained 72 isolates namely 20 isolates from West Java, 30 isolates from West Sumatera, 22 isolates from West Borneo. Most of isolates were identified Xoo positive, except isolate Xoo11-023 from West Sumatera were identified Xoo negative. The character of pathogenicity showed that Code which contain resistant gene Xa4-Xa7 and IRBB5 which contain resistant gene xa5 were resistant to Xoo from all three areas. The average disease intensity on Code and IRBB5 of isolates from West Java was 1.62 % and 3.55%, West Sumatera was 2.10 % and 2.97 %, West Borneo was 2.17 % and 4.45 %. Isolate Xoo11-042 from West Sumatera was the one having highest virulence with average disease intensity on Code 3.29 % and IRBB5 6.90 % which classified as moderate resistant.
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Judul: Penetapan Harga Jaminan Polis Asuransi Jiwa dengan Premi  Tahunan dan Opsi Surrender
Abstrak: Asuransi jiwa memberikan perlindungan pada tertanggung (pemegang polis) jika mengalami risiko finansial, dengan suatu perjanjian tertanggung harus membayar premi. Premi yang sudah terkumpul pada perusahaan asuransi dapat diinvestasikan, yang salah satu tempatnya adalah di pasar bursa. Perusahaan asuransi menawarkan suatu kontrak kepada pemegang polis yang disebut dengan kontrak partisipasi. Pada kontrak partisipasi risiko finansial dan keuntungan dibagi dengan pemegang polis dan biasanya keuntungan tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam cadangan polis pada tiap akhir tahun kontrak. Hal ini berarti secara tidak langsung perusahaan asuransi menyatakan penambahan pertanggungan, sehingga mengakibatkan perubahan benefit yang diterima oleh pemegang polis. Pada kontrak partisipasi ini, pemegang polis diberikan hak untuk mengakhiri kontrak (opsi surrender). Pada kontrak partisipasi asuransi jiwa endowmen terdapat opsi bonus (bonus option) yang penghitungan besar preminya dengan pendekatan tipe Eropa dan opsi surrender (surrender option) dengan tipe Amerika.
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