Judul: Respon Anakan Pohon Jenis Mahoni Swietenia macrophylla King.), Meranti Merah (Shorea selanica Bl.), Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) dan Mangium (Acacia mangium Willd.) terhadap Perubahan Intensitas Radiasi Surya
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respon anakan pohon mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla), meranti merah (Shorea selanica), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) dan mangium (Acacia mangium) terhadap perbedaan intensitas radiasi surya, sehingga akan diketahui perkiraan intensitas radiasi surya optimum untuk pertum buhan anakan tersebut.
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Judul: Respon Pertumbuhan Anakan Shorea leprosula Miq, Shorea mecistopteryx Ridley, Shorea ovalis (Korth) Blume, dan Shorea selanica (Dc) Blume terhadap Tingkat Intensitas Cahaya Matahari
Abstrak: Meranti is one of the commercial wood that has been recognized by many countries of Southeast Asia with a variety of trade names, especially the kind of red meranti (Shorea spp.). Red Meranti, including endemic species in Indonesian including threatened extinct namely Shorea leprosula (Kalimantan), Shorea ovalis (Kalimantan) and Shorea selanica (Maluku) are entered into the IUCN Red List (Ashton 2011). The giving of shade on meranti saplings is very important in both the field and in the nursery. The giving of shade plants performed as meranti is the kind of gap opportunist in where light is a limiting factor for early growth. This research observe the growth response of red meranti saplings of Shorea leprosula, Shorea mecistopteryx, Shorea ovalis and Shorea selanica with treatment shade 0% (light intensity 100%), 20% shade (light intensity 80%), 40% shade (light intensity 60 %), 60% shade (light intensity 40%). The experiments did with two factorial completely randomized design. The results of research treatment shade showed that red meranti saplings of Shorea leprosula, Shorea mecistopteryx, Shorea ovalis, and Shorea selanica real influential. The treatment shade 60% (light intensity 40%) give the best response to the growth of Shorea leprosula, Shorea mecistopteryx, Shorea ovalis, and Shorea selanica.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable