Judul: Dampak Kebijakan Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Kinerja Keuangan dan Perekonomian Daerah di Provinsi Bengkulu : Suatu Pendekatan Ekonometrika
Abstrak: Pembangunan yang sentralistis selama 25 tahun yang lalu ternyata belum menghasilkan pembangunan yang merata antar daerah sehingga mendorong dilaksanakannya Otonomi Daerah yang didasarkan pada Undang-Undang nomor 22 dan 25 tahun 1999. Dan disempurnakan dengan Undang-Undang nomor 32 tahun 2004 tentang Pemerintahan Daerah dan Undang-Undang nomor 33 tahun 2004 tentang Perimbangan Keuangan antara Pemerintahan Pusat dan Pemerintahan Daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengkaji sumber-sumber penerimaan dan alokasi pengeluaran daerah, kemampuan fiskal dan distribusi pendapatan antar Kabupaten dan Kota, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kinerja fiskal dan perekonomian daerah, dan (3) mengevaluasi serta meramalkan dampak kebijakan desentralisasi fiskal terhadap kinerja fiskal dan perekonomian daerah. Penelitian ini menggunakan pool data (data time series tahun 1993 – 2003 dan cross section 3 Kabupaten dan 1 Kota) dengan analisis deskriptif, IndeksWilliamson, ekonometrika, simulasi historis dan peramalan dengan berbagai skenario kebijakan. Model Perekonomian Daerah Provinsi Bengkulu dibangun dalam bentuk persamaan simultan terdiri dari 26 persamaan struktural, 17 persamaan identitas, diestimasi dengan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS).
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Judul: Impact of fiscal decentralization policy on regional economic and fiscal performances in bengkulu province: an econometric approach
Abstrak: The centralized development process during the last period of 25 years, in fact did not lead to equally distributed development results among regions. It has becru@great consideration to implement regional autonomy in Indonesia based on Law No. 22 and 25 of 1999 after that complemented by Law No.32 of 2004 conce&llng Regional Government, and Law No.33 of 2004 concerning balanced budg~etween the central and regional government. S"The objectives of this research are : (1) to assess sources of regional incom~s, expenditure allocation, fiscal capacity, and income distribution among Distri~ and Cities in the region, (2) to analyze factors influencing regional econotjic and fiscal perfonnance, and (3) to evaluate and to forecast impacts of fiscal ~entralization policy on regional economic and fiscal perfonnances. IDbis study is using pool data (time series data of 1993-2003 and cross sectio&data of three Districts and one City). The descriptive analysis, Williamson Index,~ econometric model, and historical simulation using various policy scenari>s and forecast were used to analyze the data. The Bengkulu Province RegioIjU Economic model was developed into a simultaneous equations consis§ng of 26 structural equations, 17 identity equations, and estimated by using l wo Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method. • QThe result shows that : (1) after implementation of the fiscal decentralization policy, the main sources of regional revenue is derived from the General Allocation Fund (DAU) whereas the Regional Own Income (PAD) were very less, the fiscal capacity were low, dependency on the central government were high, and improper income distribution among Districts and Cities; (2) the economic activities (PDRBS) will increase investment, however, if the interest rate, tax, and retribution increase on the contrary, investment will decrease; (3) after :fiscal decentralization, the regional economic and fiscal perfonnances in all Districts is most affected by reallocation of routine expenditure to agricultural sector expenditure, whereas in City an expansion of the DAU and infrastructure expenODure; and (4) the reallocation of routine expenditure into development expe~e on agriculture and infrastructure until 2010 will have much greate.r imp n regional economic and :fiscal perfonnances. • o increase the fiscal capacity, regional tax and retribution, and develo)ment expenditure expansion should be implementing. Whereas to increase the ~nal economic perfonnances are efficiency of routine expenditure in order to ~cp;ase the development expenditure especially aimed for infrastructure and agncuffi,lre sectors.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell