Judul: Sifat Fisis dan Kimia Briket Arang Dari Campuran Limbah Arang Gergajian Kayu
Abstrak: Potensi limbah kayu di Indonesia sillgat besar, karema Indonesia nlerupakan negara penghasil 7 kayu dan memiliki industri perkayuan yang sangat banyak. Diperkirakan terdapat 1.954 industri ' I I perkayuan yang terdaftar dan belum ter~nasukin dustri-industri kecil lai~niyay ang tidak terdaftar yang i, ju~nlahnya mencapai ribuan. Limbah.pengolahan kayu pada industri-industri kecil di pedesaan belut~i ': dimanfaatkan secara optimal, sedangkan potensi limbah gergajian kayu tersebut sangat besar dan 1 diperkirakan akan terus meningkat setkp tahunnya. ,/ Limbah gergajian kayu dapat di~nanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku r~ntuk pembuatan brikep arang. Briket arang yaitu arang yang diubah bentuk, ukuran dan kerapatannya ~nenjadi produk yang/ lebih praktis dalam penggunaanya sebagai baha.n. q.a~ka r. Banyak faktor yang inenipengaruhi kualitas_) briket arang yang dihasilkan. Untuk mendapatkan briket arang yang berkualitas baik, maka perlu dilakukan serangkaian penelitain terhadap sifat fisis dan kimia briket arang yang dihasilkan.
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Judul: Mempelajari pengaruh limbah industri kayu lapis dan industri penggergajian serta ukuran serbuk arang dari empat jenis kayu, dalam pembuatan arang briket
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh limbah Industri Kayu Lapis dan Industri Penggergajian serta ukuran Serbuk arang dari Empat jenis kayu, dalam pembuatan arang briket. Limbah Industri Kayu lapis dan Industri Penggergajian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah potongan vinir, sisa core, sisa sebetan, dan serbuk gergaji. Keempat macam limbah ini diperoleh dari hasil pengolanan empat jenis kayu, yaitu kayu Mentibu (Dactylocladus stenostachys Oliv), kayu Meranti merah (Shorea pachyphylla), kayu Bintangur (Calophyllum soulattri Burm f), dan kayu Durian Burung (Durio carinatus Fast). Ukuran serbuk arang yang digunakan adalah lolos 80 mseh, lolos 40 mesh tidak lolos 80 mesh, dan lolos 20 mesh tidak lolos 40 mesh. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan Acak Kelompok Fak torial. Jenis kayu digunakan sebagai kelompok, limbah industri kayu dan ukuran serbuk arang sebagai faktor. Pengamatan dan pengukuran dilakukan terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia arang briket yang dihasilkan, yaitu kerapatan, keteguhan tekan, nilai kalor, kadar air, kadar zat menguap (volatile matter), kadar abu, dan kadar karbon terikat (fixed carbon).
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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