Judul: Performance improvement of forest farmer in agroforestry system applied in critical land of pegunungan kendeng in Pati
Abstrak: Critical area of land is increasing from year to year, this occurs because of inappropriate management of the land area. One effort which may overcome this problem is applying agroforestry systems. However, the agroforestry system still have problems on how far the farmers performance and the determiners of the performance which will affect to the sustainability of the agroforestry systems on critical lands. Research objectives are: (1) to analyze the farmers performance and the determiners of the performance that will affect to the sustainability of the agro-forestry systems on degraded lands, (2) to analyze the forestry extension support to the determiners of the farmer performance, and (3) to develop appropriate strategy for extension activities in order to improve the farmer performance. Data are analyzed through three methode: (1) biplot, (2) descriptive statistics, (3) and SEM (Structural Equation Modeling). The result of the study could be summarized as follows: (1) The farmer performance of Pegunungan Kendeng are still low. This condition are reflected on the: (a) low level income, (b) limited types of food diversity, and (c) absence of business network in agroforestry system. Nevertheless, the farmer performance has significant and positive impact to the sustainability of agroforestry systems. The condition of the performance determinants is in a relatively strong level; this condition is reflected on (a) the farmer motivation is relatively strong, (b) enough availability of farmer’s opportunities (c) the acceptable farmer’s skills. This reflects that the farmer determinants positively and significantly affect to the farmer performance. (2) The support of forestry extension is still considered low; this condition is reflected on their low level on basic competence and on technical mastery. Nonetheless, the forestry extension supports are significantly and positively affect to the farmer motivation and opportunities. (3) In designing the strategy of forestry extension to improve the farmer performance and the sustainability of the agroforestry system, it needs to consider: the farmer motivation, the farmer work opportunities and the farmer capabilities.
Keyword: The farmer motivation, Central Java

Judul: Forest areas through group approach (case study of forest management involving local people in the forest production areas of state forestry corporation (perum perhutani) unit I in the Province of Central Java)
Abstrak: Forest villagers’ empowerment in a social forestry approach, especially collaborative forest management, is very crucial issue. The objectives of this study are: (1) to explore group dynamic of forest farmers’ group and to identify several factors influence the group dynamic; (2) to explore the level of empowerment of farmers around state forest area and to identify several factors influence the level of empowerment; (3) to explore the level of participation of farmers around state forest area and to find out the relationship of participation with the level of empowerment; and (4) to formulate a model and strategies to empower the farmers around state forest areas through group approach. The study had been carried out in three forest districts of East Pekalongan, South Kedu and Gundih in 2008. Survey using questionnaire with multistage cluster sampling was employed to collect main data from 408 farmers as respondents. The research data were processed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) of LISREL 8.73. The conclusions of the study are: (1) Level of group dynamic of forest farmers’ group is low. Factors influence significantly on the low of group dynamic are the low effectiveness of forest farmers’ group leadership, unfavorable environmental supports and low role of facilitators; (2) Level of empowerment of farmers is low. Factors influence directly and significantly on the low level of empowerment are unfavorable environmental supports, low level of group dynamic, low individual farmers’ potency, and ineffective process of empowerment. Whereas the ineffectiveness of forest farmers’ group leadership has indirect effect on the low level of empowerment; (3) Level of farmers’ participation is low. The low level of farmers’ participation is influenced directly by the low level of their empowerment; (4) Strategies to empower forest farmers are to strengthen six aspects such as environmental supports, forest farmers’ leadership, group dynamic, roles of facilitators, forest farmers’ potency and effectiveness of the process of empowerment.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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