Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen DGAT1|EaeI pada Sapi Friesian Holstein dengan Metode PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) gene is one of major genes having an important role in milk fat synthesis. This research was aimed to identify DGAT1 gene polymorphism using EaeI enzyme by PCR-RFLP method. Identification was done in Holstein Friesian cattle from Balitnak (86 cows and 12 calves) and BIB Lembang (21 bulls). The length of PCR product was 411 bp. Genotyping resulted two types of alleles, namely K (411 bp) and A (203 and 208 bp); and three genotypes, namely KK (411 bp), KA (203, 208 and 411 bp) and AA (203 and 208 bp). For both locations, genotype frequency of KA (0.62) was higher than KK (0.35), while genotype frequency of the AA was very low (0.03). The allele frequency of K (0.66) was higher than A (0.34). Gene frequency of HF bulls at BIB Lembang was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (x2 obs<x2 exp), but that of HF cows at Balitnak was disequilibrium. Heterozygosity of HF cattle at both locations was relatively high (Ho>He). DGAT1 gene of the observed HF cattle was polymorphic.
Keyword: PCR-RFLP, Holstein Friesian, gene polymorphism, DGAT1 gene

Judul: The relationship of Diacylglicerol acyltransferas (DGAT1) Gene Diversity to Friesian Holstein Dairy Cattle‘s Milk Production and Fatty Acid Profile.
Abstrak: Milk fatty acid composition is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Milk fat composition can be changed by nutrition and genetic improvement. Genetic improvement can be done through selection to genes which have associated strongly with milk production and milk fat percentage. A study of quantitative trait locus mapping (QTL) in cattle has been resulted that from the identification of polymorphism (K232A) in the gene coding for acyl CoA is diacylgliserol acyltransferase1 (DGAT1). DGAT1 is a key enzyme in the synthesis of triglycerides and has a strong effect on milk fat percentage and milk production. The effect of DGAT1 mutations in milk fat composition of dairy cattle in Indonesia has not been done. This study aims to, firstly, to identify the genetic diversity of DGAT1 gene in cattle Friesian Holstein (FH), secondly, to test the relationship between genotype diversity DGAT1 gene with milk production and milk fatty acid profile. The study consisted of two steps. The first was identification of DGAT1 gene diversity in FH dairy cows. The second was testing relationship of DGAT1 gene diversity to milk production and milk fatty acid profile. The identification of DGAT1 gene diversity used blood samples which collected from 7 populations in Central Java and West Java. There were 300 heads dairy cattles used in this research which taken from BBPTU Baturraden SP (123), BET Cipelang (32), BPPT Cikole (36), Cilumber farm (34) Pasir Kemis Farm (34). Genetic flow from the male to the lactation female viewed by using samples which derived from BIB Lembang (16) and BBIB Singosari (28). The identification of the relationship of DGAT1 gene diversity to milk production and milk fatty acid profile used milk samples which collected from BBPTU Baturaden’s Dairy Cattle (40). Milk samples were collected by a single test day in which milk production in the morning and in the afternoon is calculated. Such milk samples were collected from dairy cattle which has 1-6 lactation periods and 1-12 month lactation. The data of milk fatty acid obtained through a laboratorium test results which using Gas Chromatography method. DNA extraction has been done by using modified (Sambrook et al. 1989). Determination of the genotype of each individual was conducted with Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) approach. Gene diversity has been seen by counting the frequency of allele, genotype frequencies and heterozygosity values. The relationship between DGAT1 gene genotype variants with milk production and milk fatty acid profile was calculated based on the General Linear Model (GLM) method using SAS 9.1 software. DGAT1 gene fragment amplification was carried out by using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method which resulted products throughout 411 bp. Genotyping DGAT1 gene fragment were resulted two genotypes KK and KA. KK genotype is shown with 411 bp fragment length and AK genotype is shown with 203, 208 and 411 bp fragment length. Frequiency of AK genotype (73%) at seven FH dairy cows population was higher than the KK genotype (27%) and AA genotype (0%). The phenomenon of the lack of AA genotype of FH cows, either at the farm or at the seeds center
Keyword: Diacylglycerol acyl Transferase, 1Genes, Friesian Holstein, milk production, fatty acid

Judul: Perencanan Lanskap Sunda Kalapa, Jakarta Utara Sebagai Kawasan W isata Sejarah
Abstrak: Perkembangan kota Jakarta dari waktu ke waktu sangatlah cepat, sehingga menyebabkan kota-kota tua banyak yang tergusur untuk dijadikan daerah baru yang lebih modern. Apabila hal tersebut tidak ditanggulangi secara dini maka keberadaan Kota Lama Jakarta akan hilang. Hal inilah yang melatar belakang untuk dilakukan tindakan perlindungan dan revitalisasi kawasan bersejarah Sunda Kalapa.
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