Judul: Response Growth, Development, and Water Use Efficiency of Marigold Flowers to Variations in Soil Water Content
Abstrak: Budidaya bunga marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) umumnya dilakukan dengan media pot yang mengakibatkan tanaman rentan terhadap kehilangan air. Oleh karena itu, menentukan volume irigasi yang tepat penting untuk meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan air tiap fase pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tanaman. Kadar air tanah (KAT) yang diberikan pada penelitian ini, adalah 33,5%, 53,5%, 73,5%, dan 93,5% dari air tersedia dengan tiga kali ulangan. KAT dijaga dengan memberikan irigasi sesuai kehilangan air tanaman tiap harinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan KAT yang tepat untuk bunga marigold berbeda tiap fasenya. Pada fase awal, KAT 93,5% meningkatkan perkembangan akar, sehingga perkembangan morfologi bunga marigold optimal. Namun, memasuki pertengahan musim, media tanam tidak dapat menjaga aerasi tanah sehingga kadar air rendah menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan yang lebih baik. KAT 33,5% dari air tersedia menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan lebih baik dibandingkan tanaman dengan KAT lainnya. Tanaman dengan KAT 33,5% juga memiliki nilai Water Use Efficiency (WUE) rata-rata 1,9 g/l. Sedangkan nilai WUE rata-rata untuk KAT 53,5%, 73,5%, dan 93,5% dalam urutan adalah 1,6 g/l, 1,5 g/l, dan 0,3g/l. Selanjutnya rata-rata jumlah bunga tiap perlakuan berturut-turut adalah 6, 3, 2, dan 1 pada 56 HST. Hal ini menggambarkan adanya pengaruh nyata antara KAT terhadap morfologi tanaman., Cultivation of marigold flowers (Tagetes erecta L.) is commonly done in pots, making the crop prone to water loss. Therefore, determining the appropriate irrigation volume is crucial to enhance water use efficiency during each growth stage. Soil water content (SWC) provided in this study included 33,5%, 53,5%, 73,5%, and 93,5% of available water in three repetitions. SWC is maintained by providing irrigation based on the daily water loss of the crops. Research results indicate that the optimal soil water content varies for marigold flowers across different stage. During the initial stage, soil water content 93,5% increases root development, resulting in optimal marigold flower morphology development. However, entering mid-season, the growing medium is unable to maintain soil aeration, so low water content give better growth and development. Crops with a soil water content of 33.5% also demonstrate a high Water Use Efficiency (WUE) value, averaging at 1,9 g/l. Meanwhile, the average WUE value for soil water content for 53,5%, 73,5%, and 93,5 are 1,6 g/l, 1,5 g/l, and 0,3 g/l, respectively. The average flowers at 56 DAP for each treatment was 6, 3, 2, and 1, respectively. These results illustrate the significant influence between soil water content on marigold morphology.
Keyword: biomass, evapotranspiration, soil water content, marigold, and WUE

Judul: Vegetative Characteristic Evaluation of Tip Cuttings on Various Genotypes of Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.)
Abstrak: Tanaman hias marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) merupakan salah satu tanaman hias yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia karena memiliki beragam manfaat. Pada tanaman marigold diketahui terdapat mutan steril jantan yang memiliki bunga dominan ray flower sehingga sulit untuk didapatkan biji yang fertil. Penelitian oleh tim peneliti IPB telah menghasilkan beberapa genotipe yang memiliki bunga dominan ray flower sehingga perbanyakan secara vegetatif perlu dipelajari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakter vegetatif beberapa genotipe tanaman marigold hasil rakitan peneliti IPB untuk mendapatkan genotipe yang potensial untuk diperbanyak melalui stek pucuk. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Green House Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo IPB pada bulan April – Agustus 2021. Rancangan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal dengan 38 genotipe uji serta uji lanjut Tukey pada taraf a 5%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, beberapa genotipe menujukkan respon yang baik terhadap perlakuan induksi akar menggunakan NAA dan Vitamin B1 (thiamin). Analisis ragam yang dilakukan pada karakter pengamatan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang dan jumlah cabang memberikan nilai F value yang lebih besar dibanding F tabel sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh nyata pada ketiga karakter vegetatif yang diamati. Pada pengamatan tinggi tanaman, genotipe PM MV3 0.5 C 21.2.11, 8 S2, dan X MV3 40.36.37.1 memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata. Pada pengamatan diameter batang, terdapat 16 genotipe yang memberikan hasil berbeda nyata yaitu genotipe PM MV3 0.5 C 21.1.12, PM MV3 0.5 C 21.2.11, PM MV3 20.23.2.21, 5 S2, V MV3 30, 13 S2, PM S MV3 0.5 C, MR MV2 50.13.4, 12 S2, V MV3 30.3.37, 10 S2, PM MV3 40.5.2.2, MR MV3 30.6.2.8, 9 S2, 8 S2, dan X MV3 40.36.37.1. Pada karakter jumlah cabang, genotipe PM MV3 0.5 C 21.1.12 dan X MV3 40.36.37.1 memberikan hasil yang berbeda nyata., The ornamental plant, marigold (Tagetes erecta L.), is one of the widely cultivated ornamental plants in Indonesia due to its various benefits. In marigold plants, it is known that there are male sterile mutants with dominant ray flowers, making it difficult to obtain fertile seeds. Research conducted by the IPB research team has produced several genotypes with dominant ray flowers, thus vegetative propagation needs to be studied. This study aims to evaluate the vegetative characteristics of several genotypes of marigold plants resulting from IPB researchers' breeding to identify genotypes with potential for propagation through stem cuttings. The research was conducted at the Green House of Kebun Percobaan IPB Leuwikopo from April to August 2021. The design used in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a single factor with 38 test genotypes and Tukey's advanced test at a 5% level. Based on the research results, several genotypes showed good responses to root induction treatments using NAA and Vitamin B1 (thiamine). Analysis of variance performed on plant height, stem diameter, and number of branches provided F values greater than the F table, indicating that genotypes significantly influenced the three observed vegetative characters. In plant height observation, genotypes PM MV3 0.5 C 21.2.11, 8 S2, and X MV3 40.36.37.1 showed significantly different results. In stem diameter observation, there were 16 genotypes that showed significantly different
Keyword: marigold, karakter vegetatif, induksi akar, ray flower

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
Keyword: