Judul: Hierarki Jantan Dewasa pada Dua Kelompok Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Situs Ciung Wanara Karangkamulyan, Ciamis
Abstrak: Dominance defines as the ability in having greater priority to get more access to all sources. Arrangement of dominant and subordinate are defined as hierarchy. Long-tailed macaques live in a group of multi-males and multi-females, therefore interaction such as social behavior are depended on their hierarchy. This study aimed to determine hierarchy of adult males in two troops of long-tailed macaques (M. fascicularis), Pangcalikan and Sabung Ayam troops on Ciung Wanara sites Karangkamulyan, Ciamis. Present study used focal animal sampling and ad libitum sampling methods. The hierarchical structure determination used a three methods, namely sociometric matrix, feed stocking analysis and some activities that may have a role to determine hierarchy. The hierarchy of Pangcalikan troops were: Ba, Co, Tr, X, X2, and Me on a descending order, and the hierarchy of Sabung ayam troops were: Ku and Ma on a descending order as well which arranged linearly for both troops.
Keyword: Macaca fascicularis, long-tailed macaques, hierarchy, Ciung Wanara, adult male

Judul: Perilaku Afiliasi dan Perilaku Agonistik Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) Dewasa di Telaga Warna, Bogor Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Macaca fascicularis lives in social groups consist of multi males and multi females with a hierarchical social structure. M. fascicularis engages social interaction in the group. Social interaction could be an afiliation, agonistic, and sexual behaviour. This research aims to study afiliation and agonistic behaviour of a group of M. fascicularis in Telaga Warna Nature Recreational Park, Bogor West Java. This study was held from February to May 2013. M. fascicularis interactions was observed using scan sampling and ad libitum sampling. This research showed that social hierarchy is related to the frequency of afiliation and agonistic behaviour of the M. fascicularis. High rank males and high rank females showed proximity to individuals with similiar rank. Proximity occured higher within males-females than males-males and females-females. High rank individuals groomed more often than low rank individuals. High rank individuals intimidates more often than the mid or low rank individuals. High rank individuals attacks more often than the mid or low rank individuals.
Keyword: Telaga Warna, long-tailed macaques, agonistic, afiliation

Judul: Perbaikan Proses Pemurnian Gliserol Hasil Samping Industri Biodiesel Menggunakan Distilasi Vakum
Abstrak: Gliserol dari hasil samping industri biodiesel minyak sawit setiap tahun jumlahnya kian meningkat. Gliserol tersebut umumnya hanya memiliki kadar gliserol 40-50% karena masih banyak mengandung pengotor berupa sisa metanol, sisa katalis, asam lemak, air, maupun bahan pengotor lainnya sehingga perlu ditingkatkan kemurniannya agar dapat digunakan di berbagai industri dan meningkatkan nilai jualnya. Salah satu cara yang digunakan untuk memurnikannya adalah dengan penambahan asam fosfat yang dapat meningkatkan kadar gliserol dari 47% menjadi 83%. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses pemurnian gliserol (±80%) menggunakan metode distilasi vakum untuk menghasilkan gliserol dengan kadar lebih tinggi (±90%). Kondisi terbaik proses pemurnian gliserol melalui metode distilasi vakum adalah pada suhu 90-95°C dan tekanan 15 InHg (0,51 Bar) dengan kecepatan pengadukan 300 rpm selama 2 jam. Kondisi tersebut menghasilkan gliserol dengan kadar gliserol 94,19%, kadar air 0,01%, kadar abu 2,96%, kadar MONG 2,84%, densitas 1,261 gr/cm3, specific gravity 1,264, viskositas 214 cP, viskositas kinematis (40°C) 106 cSt, warna kuning kecoklatan, pH 6,2, bilangan asam 3,88 mg KOH/g sampel, titik didih 110°C, titik nyala >140°C, titik tuang -30°C, dan titik awan -21°C. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa suhu yang digunakan pada proses distilasi vakum telah memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap karakteristik gliserol murni yang dihasilkan.
Keyword: gliserol, biodiesel, minyak sawit