Judul: Pengaruh Ekstraksi dan Ukuran Benih terhadap Viabilitas Benih Kopsia (Kopsia arborea Blume).
Abstrak: Buah kopsia mempunyai benih yang termasuk jenis poliembrioni dengan jumlah dan ukuran benih yang bervariasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) memerinci ukuran buah dan benih kopsia, dan (2) mengaitkan pengaruh ekstraksi dan ukuran benih dengan viabilitas benih kopsia. Pengujian viabilitas benih kopsia dilakukan dengan (1) mengecambahan benih pada media pasir, dan (2) uji tetrazolium. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar ukuran buah kopsia, maka semakin banyak jumlah benih di dalamnya. Dalam 1 buah kopsia terdapat 1− 6 benih. Buah kopsia apabila disemai pada media pasir akan berkecambah dalam waktu ±25 hari, dengan perkecambahan sebesar 58%. Perlakuan ekstraksi dapat meningkatkan persentase perkecambahan benih. Benih kopsia ukuran besar mempunyai perkecambahan sebesar 95%, sedangkan benih kopsia kecil sebesar 75% dengan waktu berkecambah benih ±15 hari. Pengujian tetrazolium menunjukkan distribusi pola pewarnaan yang baik (dominan viabel) untuk benih kopsia ukuran besar dan kecil. Uji viabilitas benih kopsia berdasarkan perkecambahan pada media pasir dan uji tetrazolium memberikan hasil yang sama, sehingga uji tetrazolium dapat digunakan sebagai uji cepat untuk mengetahui viabilitas benih kopsia.
Keyword: ekstraksi benih, Kopsia arborea, perkecambahan, poliembrioni, uji tetrazolium

Judul: Respons Pertumbuhan Tanaman Kopsia (Kopsia arborea Blume) yang Diberi Perlakuan Cendawan Endofit
Abstrak: Setiap tanaman dalam kehidupannya selalu berasosiasi dengan mikrob termasuk endofit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh pemberian perlakuan cendawan endofit terhadap perkecambahan benih dan pertumbuhan bibit kopsia (Kopsia arborea). Cendawan endofit yang digunakan yaitu CEKMB 3.4, KMB 3.2, dan KMBT II 4.2. Pada percobaan pertumbuhan bibit kopsia, ketiga cendawan endofit dikombinasikan dengan pupuk cair. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai kecambah benih kopsia yang diberi perlakuan cendawan endofit lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Pada percobaan pertumbuhan bibit kopsia, cendawan endofit CEKMB 3.4 dan KMBT II 4.2 dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun tanpa penambahan pupuk cair, sedangkan cendawan endofit KMB 3.2 membutuhkan pupuk cair untuk meningkatkan jumlah daun kopsia. Nilai nisbah pucuk akar (NPA) bibit kopsia berada pada kisaran 0.71−0.82 dan indeks mutu bibit (IMB) berada pada kisaran 0.18−0.33, hal ini menunjukkan bibit kopsia hasil penelitian memenuhi kriteria untuk siap dipindahkan ke lapangan.
Keyword: cendawan endofit, Kopsia arborea, perkecambahan benih, pertumbuhan bibit, pupuk cair

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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