Judul: Studi Keragaman Genetik pada Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dan Upaya Mendapatkan Tanaman Toleran Herbisida Glifosat dengan Metode Mutasi Kimia
Abstrak: Using hybrid rice is one of methods to increase rice yield. The effort to get superior hybrid rice could be created by some breeding methods and one of them is mutation breeding. The first step in mutation breeding is mutation induction to get genetic variability. Mutation induction could use chemical alkylating agents or azide in term of condition. Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Sodium Azide (SA) are mutagens that effective and efficient to improve rice plant variability. The desirable character are high yield, high filled grain per panicle, early-ripening and tolerance to herbicide with glyphosate as active ingredients. This research was done on October 2011 – December 2012. Mutation process was done in plant physiology laboratory of PT. BISI International, Tbk. Evaluation of M1 and M2 generations were done at Kambingan Farm PT. BISI International, Tbk. Kediri. This research used 4 rice genotypes consist of one maintainer line (BI2B) and three restorer lines (PD10, PD3362, BR1001). The six treatments that used in this research were EMS (40, 60 and 80 mM) and SA (0.5, 1, 5 mM). M1 seeds were soaked in EMS for 6 hours whereas 8 hours in SA. M1 generation was planted in green house and examined for number of germinated seed and grain sterility per hill. M2 generation was planted at open field and examined for chlorophyl mutation frequency, days of 50% flowering, number of productive tillering, panicle length, plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, grain sterility, 1000 grain weight and yield per hill. The mutagen effectivity was analyzed based on mutant frequency to mutagen doses and the mutagen efficiency was analyzed based on M1 seeds lethality and M1 sterility at each genotype. The variability analysis of quantitative characters were done at M2 generation. M2 generation showed higher variability than wild type for days of 50% flowering, number of productive tillering, panicle length, plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, grain sterility, and yield per hill. The character 1000 grain weight showed lower variability than wild type at EMS 40 mM and SA 0.5 mM. The effective mutagen for BI2B was SA 0.5 mM. The efficient mutagen for BI2B based on M1 seeds lethality was EMS 80 mM and based on M1 sterility was EMS 60 mM. The effective mutagen for BR1001 was SA 0.5 mM. Based on M1 seed lethality, the efficient mutagen was SA 5 mM and based on M1 sterility was EMS 80 mM. The effective and efficient mutagen to get putative mutant that tolerance to glyphosate herbicide were SA 0.5 mM and EMS 80 mM. The putative herbicide tolerant plants were BI2B from EMS 80 mM and BR1001 from SA 0.5 mM. The mutant frequency that tolerance to glyphosate herbicide was 1.7x10-5.
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Judul: Morphological and Agronomic Characterization of Dihaploid Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Mutants Derived from Batutegi and Inpari 42 Agritan GSR Varieties
Abstrak: Upaya peningkatan produktivitas dan kualitas padi di Indonesia harus terus dilakukan karena kebutuhan yang meningkat. Bertambahnya jumlah penduduk Indonesia sebanding dengan peningkatan kebutuhan beras di dalam negeri. Peningkatan produktivitas melalui perbaikan varietas padi dapat dilakukan dengan mutasi dan teknik kultur antera untuk mempercepat perolehan galur murni. Galur murni yang telah diperoleh perlu dikarakterisasi melalui penelitian uji daya hasil pendahuluan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh galur-galur padi yang lebih baik dari varietas Batutegi dengan tinggi tanaman yang lebih pendek dan umur lebih genjah, serta memperoleh galur yang lebih baik dari varietas Inpari 42 Agritan GSR dengan karakter bobot 1000 butir yang tinggi dan mengidentifikasi galur padi mutan yang mempunyai potensi hasil tinggi untuk diseleksi lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2022 sampai Maret 2023 di Teaching Farm Sawah Baru, Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian terdiri atas 1 faktor, yaitu 54 genotipe galur hasil dari induksi mutasi dan teknik kultur antera padi varietas Batutegi dan Inpari 42 Agritan GSR yang telah dilakukan pada penelitian sebelumnya. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dengan tiga ulangan. Terdapat variasi karakter kuantitatif galur-galur yang diamati. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa genotipe berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap semua karakter kuantitatif. Galur-galur dihaploid dalam penelitian uji daya hasil pendahuluan menunjukkan adanya keragaman yang tinggi berdasarkan karakter yang diamati. Diperoleh 4 galur (SB2-20-1-1, SB2-20-1-4, SB2-43-1-2,dan SB3-3-3-2) turunan Batutegi yang secara nyata lebih pendek dibanding varietas Batutegi dan terdapat 14 galur yang tergolong genjah. Diperoleh 18 galur turunan Inpari 42 Agritan GSR yang bobot 1000 butir gabah bernas kurang dari 24 g. Berdasarkan seleksi indeks, terdapat 19 galur dihaploid turunan Inpari 42 Agritan GSR yang berhasil mencapai nilai indeks seleksi yang positif dengan karakter produktivitas (>3,3 ton ha-1), jumlah anakan produktif (>9,6 batang per rumpun), bobot 1000 butir gabah bernas (>21,0 g), dan persentase gabah bernas (>50%). Sembilan belas galur mutan yang terpilih merupakan turunan Inpari 42 Agritan GSR dan tidak ada yang berasal dari turunan Batutegi., Efforts to improve productivity and quality of rice in Indonesia must be done as the demand increase. The increase in Indonesia's population is proportional to the increase in domestic demand for rice. Increased productivity of a variety can be done through induced mutations and anther culture techniques to accelerate the obtainment of pure lines. The pure lines need to be characterized through preliminary yield trial. This study aims to obtain better rice lines than the Batutegi variety, as well as to obtain better lines from the Inpari 42 Agritan GSR variety and to identify mutant rice lines which have high yield potential for further selection. This research was conducted from September 2022 to March 2023 at the IPB Teaching Farm, Dramaga, Bogor Regency. The study consisted of 1 factor, namely 54 genotypes of lines from induced mutation and anther culture technique of rice varieties Batutegi and Inpari 42 Agritan GSR obtained from previous studies. The experiment used a completely randomized block design (RCBD) with three replications. There were variations in the quantitative characters of the lines observed. The results of this study indicated that the genotype has a very significant effect on all quantitative
Keyword: Batutegi, Inpari 42 Agritan GSR, galur, kuantitatif, kualitatif, seleksi

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology