Judul: Antidiabetic Activity In Vitro and Organoleptic Test from Combination Black Tea, Turmeric, and Ginger Extract
Abstrak: Teh hitam (Camellia sinensis L), kunyit (Curcuma longa L.), dan jahe (Zingiber officinale) merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi menjaga kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus. Namun, dasar ilmiah mengenai kombinasi teh hitam, kunyit, dan jahe dalam inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kombinasi ekstrak teh hitam, kunyit, dan jahe yang paling optimum terhadap inhibisi α-glukosidase serta uji organoleptik pada kombinasi aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase paling optimum. Metode penelitian meliputi analisis fitokimia, aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase, dan uji organoleptik. Ekstrak etanol kunyit sebagai ekstrak terbaik dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 9,48±0,05 μg/mL. Aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase tertinggi pada kombinasi F7 yang terdiri dari ekstrak teh hitam, kunyit, dan jahe sebesar 67,86±0,93 %. Uji organoleptik kombinasi F7 menunjukkan tingkat kesukaan tertinggi oleh P3 dan P2 pada warna, aroma, konsistensi, dan aftertaste, sedangkan rasa pada P3. Simpulan penelitian ini adanya kemampuan kombinasi ekstrak teh hitam, kunyit, dan jahe dalam inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase yang menunjukkan interkasi sinergis., Black tea (Camellia sinensis L), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and ginger (Zingiber officinale) are plants that have the potential to maintain blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers. However, the scientific basis regarding the combination of black tea, turmeric, and ginger in α-glucosidase inhibition is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum combination of black tea extract, turmeric, and ginger for inhibition of the α-glucosidase and an organoleptic test on the optimum combination of α-glucosidase inhibition activity. The method of the research included phytochemical analysis, inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase, and organoleptic tests. Turmeric ethanol extract was the best extract with an IC50 value of 9.48±0,05 μg/mL. The highest inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in combination F7 consisting of black tea extract, turmeric, and ginger was 67.86±0.93 %. The organoleptic test of the combination F7 showed the highest level of preference by the P3 and P2 on the of color, aroma, consistency, and aftertaste, while the taste was in the P3. The conclusion of this study is the ability of the combination of black tea extract, turmeric, and ginger to inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase which shows a synergistic interaction.
Keyword: black tea, ginger, α-glucosidase, organoleptic, turmeric

Judul: In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of α-Glucosidase Inhibition by Ethanol Extract of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var.  Rubrum) from Sukabumi
Abstrak: Indonesia menempati peringkat kelima penderita diabetes melitus terbanyak di dunia sehingga perlu adanya pengobatan antidiabetes yang efektif salah satunya dengan mekanisme penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase. Obat antidiabetes sintetik dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat memberikan efek samping. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan obat herbal perlu dilakukan karena dinilai lebih aman. Jahe merah telah banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang medis dan diharapkan berpotensi menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur aktivitas inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase oleh ekstrak etanol jahe merah asal Sukabumi dan menentukan ligan terbaik melalui studi in silico. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan maserasi dalam etanol 70% dan dilakukan pembacaan absorbansi inhibisi enzim, sedangkan studi in silico dilakukan dengan molecular docking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IC50 penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase sebesar 50.139,719 ± 0,481 μg/mL dan didapatkan dua ligan terbaik yaitu 6- shogaol dan 6-gingerol yang memiliki nilai ΔG dan Ki mendekati akarbosa (ligan pembanding terbaik), lolos uji toksisitas, serta berinteraksi dengan banyak situs pengikatan dan situs katalitik yang terletak di dalam poket situs aktif, Indonesia is in the fifth position with the most diabetes mellitus sufferers globally, so effective antidiabetic treatment is needed, such as the mechanism of inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme. Synthetic antidiabetic drugs, in the long term, can have side effects. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines is necessary because they are considered safer. Red ginger has been widely used in the medical field, and it has expected to have the potential to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. This study aimed to measure the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase enzyme by the ethanol extract of red ginger from Sukabumi and determine the best ligand through in silico study. This research was carried out by maceration in 70% ethanol and reading the absorbance of enzyme inhibition, while in silico studies were carried out by molecular docking. The results showed that the IC50 value for inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme was 50.139,719 ± 0.481 μg/mL. Two best ligands were obtained, namely 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol, which had ΔG and Ki values close to acarbose (the best comparison ligand), passed toxicity testing and interacted with many binding sites and catalytic sites that were located in active site pocket
Keyword: α-Glucosidase, Diabetes mellitus, Red Ginger

Judul: Struktur Populasi, Pertumbuhan, dan Reproduksi Lobster Air Tawar, Cherax quadricarinatus di Danau Maninjau
Abstrak: One of the non native species in Lake Maninjau, redclaw crayfish (Cherax quadricarinatus) was studied. This population was sampled biweekly between May and September in six sampling sites (Bayur, Sungai Batang, Batu Nanggai, Sigiran, Sungai Tampang, and Utara). This research was aimed to study the population structure, growth, and reproduction of the redclaw crayfish. As a non native species, the redclaw crayfish had distributed in all sampling sites in varied density and sex ratio 1:1. Growth pattern of male was positive allometric and female was isometric. The moult increment (MI) of male and female was 2.7 mm and 3.59±0.90 mm, respectively. The percentage of premoult carapace length (PCMI) of male and female was 5.1% and 7.9±1.95%, respectively. Growth function of the red claw crayfish was CLt=82 􀵤1-e􁉀-1.2(t+0.09)􁉁􀵨. Based on the temporal pattern of gonadal development, Cherax quadricarinatus spawned along May and September with a peak was on August. Average of ovarian and pleopodal fecundity was relatively high which were 626±255 and 383±173, respectively. The ovarian fecundity was related with total wet body weight and pleopodal fecundity was related with endopod width
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