Judul: Potensi Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp dan Lebah Madu Apis mellifera Sebagai Antioksidan
Abstrak: Propolis is a resin produced by honey bees. Propolis is a natural antioxidant. Antioxidants are substances that serve to protect the body from free radical attack. Nanopropolis is propolis processed using nano technology. The research aims was to determine the potential of propolis and nanopropolis as an antioxidant. Propolis extracted by using microwave assisted extraction or commonly called MAE method with a ratio of material 1: 9. Nanopropolis was made by using the method of manufacture nanopropolis Aimi modified, with hopes of more effectively than propolis as antioxidants. The results showed that Malang propolis extracts inactive as antioxidants, whereas Bogor propolis extract as active antioxidant. Propolis commercial I and commercial II is very active as an antioxidant, while nanopropolis commercial I, commercial II, Malang, Pandeglang, and Bogor inactive as an antioxidant.
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Judul: Potensi nanopropolis lebah madu trigona spp asal pandeglang sebagai antibakteri
Abstrak: Propolis is one of the natural produced by honey bee which have many benefits, due to its properties as antibacterial, antivirus, and anticancer. Use the form nanopropolis expected to provide a better antibacterial activity compared to the usual form of propolis. The aim of this study is to determine potency of nanopropolis honey bee from Pandeglang as antibacterial agent. Encapsulated nanopropolis was prepared by high speed homogenization technique and solvent evaporation. The size of nanopropolis was measured with SEM. The antibacterial activity test was performed by agar well diffusion. The result of SEM show that size of nanopropolis is 175-873 nm. Nanopropolis have activity as antibacterial agent for Gram positive dan Gram negative bacteria. The nanopropolis showed higher bacterial activity than extract propolis were 208.86% for B. subtilis, 211.83% for S. aureus, 227.01% for E. coli, and 230.29% for Salmonella sp. While compared to amphicillin 10 mg/ml equel to 43.87%, 49.12%, 42.35%, and 37.58%. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrartion (MIC) of nanopropolis were 0.15%, 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.313% for B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella sp.
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik