Judul: THE EFFECT OF HEATING LENGTH OF FEED WAFERS CONTAINING HABBATUSAUDA BYPRODUCT ON THE PHYSICAL QUALITY AND ACCEPTABILITY OF SHEEP
Abstrak: Limbah habbatussauda diperoleh dari hasil pengolahan biji habbatussauda dengan metode cold pressing dengan potensi limbahnya yang belum dimanfaatkan dengan baik, sehingga perlu dilakukan pengolahan menjadi pakan yang awet dan tahan lama, salah satunya dengan pengolahan pakan menjadi wafer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh lama pemanasan wafer pakan mengandung limbah habbatussauda terhadap kualitas fisik, akseptabilitas pada domba, serta efisiensi dan biaya produksi wafer. Penelitian ini menggunakan RAL dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan untuk peubah kadar air, aktivitas air, berat jenis, wafer durability index, dan efisiensi produksi, serta RAK dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan untuk parameter akseptabilitas wafer. Perlakuan lama pemanasan dengan 4 taraf, yaitu 3, 5, 7, dan 9 menit. Kualitas fisik menunjukkan hasil berbeda nyata (P, Habbatussauda byproduct is obtained from the processing of habbatussauda seeds using the cold pressing method and the potential of the waste has not been utilized properly, so it needs to be processed into durable and long-lasting feed, one of which is processing the feed into wafers. This research aimed to analyze the effect of heating time for feed wafers containing habbatussauda byproduct on physical quality, acceptability in sheep, as well as efficiency and costs of wafer production. This research used RAL with 4 treatments and 3 replications for variables of water content, water activity, specific gravity, wafer durability index, and production efficiency, as well as RAK with 4 treatments and 3 replications for wafer acceptability parameters. Long heating treatment with 4 levels, namely 3, 5, 7, and 9 minutes. Physical quality showed significantly different results (P
Keyword: kualitas fisik, wafer pakan, akseptabilitas, domba, limbah habbatussauda

Judul: Physical Quality and Production Efficiency of Black Cumin Waste Wafer at Different Heating Time and Thickness
Abstrak: Limbah Habbatusauda merupakan salah satu limbah industri hasil olahan pertanian yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan alternatif untuk hewan ternak. Pembuatan pakan dalam bentuk wafer merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan yang dapat dilakukan. Pencetakan wafer biasanya dilakukan mengunakan suhu 95-130℃ selama 10 hingga 15 menit. Rancangan percobaan untuk lama pemanasan dan ketebalan wafer menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yaitu faktor A dan faktor B. Faktor A adalah lama pemanasan dengan 6 taraf (4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14) menit dan faktor B adalah ketebalan wafer dengan 2 taraf (2 dan 4) cm. Peubah yang diamati adalah kualitas fisik, efisiensi mesin, dan biaya produksi. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan taraf lama pemanasan dan ketebalan wafer tidak berbeda nyata(P<0,05) terhadap kadar air, aktivitas air, berat jenis, dandurabilitas wafer. Lama pemanasan mempengaruhi sifat fisik wafer pada kadar airdan wafer durability indeks, sedangkan ketebalan tidak mempengaruhi sifat fisikwafer. Wafer dengan lama pemanasan 6 menit memberikan kondisi yang terbaik pada kualitas sifat fisik wafer serta wafer dengan ketebalan 4 cm memerlukan biaya produksi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ketebalan wafer 2 cm., Black cumin seed waste has a very good potential to be used as alternative feed for livestock. Wafer production was conducted by heating and forming with temperature of 120-130 ℃ for 10 to 15 minutes. This heating process had a good impact to increase palatability. The aim of research was to examine the effect of heating time and wafer thickness in the production of black cumin waste wafer on its physical quality and the efficiency. The Experimental design used was a completely randomized factorial design of two factors. Factor A was heating time with 6 levels (4, 6, 8, 10, 12,14) minutes, and factor B was wafer thickness (2 and 4) cm. The variables observed were physical quality, machine efficiency, and production costs. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). results showed the heating time and wafer thickness had no significant different (P<0,05) on physical quality. Heating time had an affect on moisture content and waferr durability indeks, while wafer thickness had no impact on physica quality of wafer. The 6 minutes wafer heating time provide the best condition for the physical quality and 4 cm wafer thickness required low production compared to 2 cm wafer thickness.
Keyword: Black cumin waste, Feed wafer, Heating time, physical quality, production efficiency

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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