Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Pengolahan Tanah terhadap Tahanan Penetrasi Tanah di Kebun Percobaan Darmaga IV IPB, Bogor
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajai pengaruh pengelolaan tanah khususunya metoda pengolahan tanah terhadap tahanan penetrasi tanah, serta mengetahui hubungan antara kadar air tanah dan bulk density tanah dengan tahanan penetrasi tanah.
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Judul: Pengaruh pengelolaan tanah dan sisa tanaman terhadap beberapa sifat fisik tanah
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pengelolaan tanah dan pemanfaatan sisa tanaman terhadap beberapa sifat fisik tanah seperti bobot isi, ruang pori total, pori drainase cepat, pori drainase lambat, air tersedia, permeabilitas, indeks stabilitas agregat dan ketahanan penetrasi tanah. Petak percobaan yang digunakan terdapat di kebun percobaan Jurusan Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian Institut Pertanian Bogor di Darmaga, Kabupaten Bogor, pada tanah Latosol, Ukuran tiap petak percobaan adalah 22 x 2 m². Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Pengelompokan dibuat berdasarkan kemiringan lereng yakni lereng 7, 9 dan 14 persen. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah pengolahan tanah dan sisa tanaman yaitu (1) Pengelolaan tanah pada musim tanam sebelumnya tanpa diberi sisa tanaman dan tanpa tanaman (K); (2) Pemanfaatan sisa tanaman sebagai mulsa disertai pengolahan tanah pada baris tanaman (M₁Po) dan (3) Pemanfaatan sisa tanaman yang diinkorporasi dengan pencangkulan tanah satu kali (MoP1). Dosis sisa tanaman (Jerami padi) yang diberikan adalah 3.36 ton/ha. Beberapa sifat fisik pada lokasi penelitian sudah cu- kup baik, yaitu: (1) bobot isi tanah mempunyai nilai ra- ta-rata 0.95 g/cm³ pada K, 0.99 g/cm³ pada M₁Po dan 0.93 g/cm³ pada MoP1; (2) porositas tanah mempunyai nilai 63.99 persen pada K, 62.77 persen pada M₁Po dan 65.00 persen pa- da MoP1 (3) air tersedia termasuk kelas sedang sampai tinggi yaitu mempuyai nilai rata-rata 15.08 persen pada K, 14.38 persen pada M₁Po dan 13.66 persen pada MoP1; (4) permeabilitas tanah termasuk kelas sedang yaitu mempunyai nilai 3.15 cm/jam pada K, 6.01 cm/jam pada M₁Po dan 5.38 cm/jam pada MoP₁; dan (5) ketahanan penetrasi tanah yang cukup rendah mempunyai nilai kurang dari 15 kg F/cm² pada setiap kedalaman 0 - 5 cm, 5 10 cm, 10 15 cm dan 15 20 cm. ...
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis