Judul: Perbaikan dan Evaluasi Kinerja Algoritma  Pixel- Value Differencing (PVD)
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi sekarang ini membuat komunikasi menjadi semakin mudah dan luas. Penyampaian pesan melalui internet merupakan sarana komunikasi yang sangat mudah dan efisien. Sejalan dengan hal itu kemunculan dari file-file multimedia yang beraneka ragam memberi pengaruh yang cukup besar dalam kemajuan teknologi informasi ini sehingga memungkinkan seseorang untuk dapat menyampaikan pesan menggunakan filefile multimedia tersebut. Faktor keamanan menjadi penting dalam proses pengiriman data melalui saluran internet. Apabila hal ini diabaikan , maka orang yang tidak berhak akan dengan mudah memanfaatkan data tersebut untuk tujuan tertentu. Jika hal ini terjadi ada dua pihak yang dirugikan yaitu pengirim data dan penerima data. Bertolak dari hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode steganografi, yang mengkaji dari kapasitas pesan dan distorsi yang terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan perbaikan algoritma steganografi pixel value differencing (PVD) untuk meningkatkan kapasitas pesan dan meminimumkan distorsi.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pemanfaatan filterisasi untuk meningkatkan daya tampung pesan pada steganografi Pixel Value Differences (PVD)
Abstrak: On technique Pixel Value Differences (PVD) steganography before the secret message is inserted, the cover image of the first divided into blocks that do not overlap each other (non-overlapping pixel blocks). The excess value of the pixel is used to determine the amount of message bits that can be inserted. If the difference is large, then the message can be inserted in large numbers and vice versa. Image processing operations may affect the difference in value of adjacent pixels in an image. Therefore, by applying the filter in the PVD steganography is expected to increase the capacity of the message which is owned by a cover. Filtering done to the cover before the message is inserted. Type of filtration used is blur, emboss, and sharp. Research shows sharp have greatest increase their capacity without degrading performance value of Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR). Steganography application which developed is used in the process of inserting message, extracting messages, measuring the capacity of the message and PSNR value.
Keyword: 

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
Keyword: