Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR|Eco72I) pada Ayam Lokal Indonesia dan Persilangannya.
Abstrak: Gen growth hormone receptor (GHR) merupakan salah satu gen pengontrol sifat pertumbuhan. GHR sebagai reseptor growth hormone (GH) yang terlibat dalam regulator laju pertumbuhan dan deposisi lemak. Mutasi pada intron 5 mempengaruhi laju pertumbuhan pada ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keragaman gen GHR pada ayam lokal Indonesia dan persilangannya. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 178 ekor ayam yang terdiri atas ayam kampung Ciawi, kampung Sukabumi, ras pedaging, ras petelur, merawang, dan kampung x ras petelur. Amplifikasi gen GHR|Eco72I intron 5 dilakukan dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Hasil produk amplifikasi adalah 326 bp. Genotipe yang ditemukan pada gen GHR|Eco72I adalah AA, GG, dan AG dengan 2 macam alel yaitu alel A dan alel G. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi genotipe AA lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan genotipe lainnya. Frekuensi alel tertinggi adalah alel A sebesar 0.99 dan terendah adalah alel G sebesar 0.01. Populasi ayam kampung Sukabumi dan persilangan kampung x ras petelur berada pada keadaan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Nilai heterozigositas pengamatan (Ho) pada ayam ras pedaging lebih rendah dari nilai heterozigositas harapan (He), sedangkan nilai heterozigositas pengamatan (Ho) pada ayam kampung Sukabumi dan kampung x petelur lebih tinggi dari nilai heterozigositas harapannya (He). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah gen GHR|Eco72I pada ayam kampung Sukabumi, ras pedaging, dan kampung x ras petelur bersifat polimorfik.
Keyword: ayam lokal, gen GHR, keragaman, PCR RFLP

Judul: Keragaman Gen Hormon Pertumbuhan pada Ayam Lokal Indonesia dan Persilangannya
Abstrak: Indonesia local chickens have genetic potency with high ecomonic value such as meat and egg production, adapted in tropic and strong immunity. The chicken growth hormone (cGH) gene has a crucial role in controlling growth and metabolism, leading to potential correlations between cGH gene polymorphism and economic traits. This study aimed to identify the cGH gene polymorphism and find out the variation of gene at several local chickens, the crossbred, commercial meat type and layer. Polymorphism in intron 4 of cGH gene was studied in 229 chicken blood samples consisted of kampung, pelung, sentul, commercial meat type, layer, merawang, commercial meat type x kampung, kampung x commercial meat type, sentul x kampung and pelung x sentul chickens. A specific primer set was used to amplify a fragment of growth hormone locus using PCR. PCR products were digested with MspI restriction endonucleases. The amplified fragment digested with MspI enzyme revealed 2 alleles A and B with the frequency of 0.88-0.96 and 0.04-0.12, except in layer chickens only had 1 allele A with the frequency of 1.00. The results showed that cGH gene in MspI locus at kampung, pelung, sentul, commercial meat type, merawang, commercial meat type x kampung, kampung x commercial meat type, sentul x kampung and pelung x sentul chickens were polymorphics, except the layer chickens was monomorphics. The population of Indonesia local chicken and the crossbred that was studied in this research had low heterozygosity value but it was still in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Keyword: polymorphism, PCR-RFLP, local chicken, MspI, cGH

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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