Judul: Aplikasi Enzim dalam Meningkatkan Rendemen Pati Sagu
Abstrak: Sago plants are potential to be developed as an alternative food for people other than rice because Indonesia has a high productivity. Dried sago starch to produce a carbohydrate food source. Sago starch extraction process is done by physical or mechanical means. However, these methods can not produce the optimal yield of starch, the resulting yield of about 15-25%. Therefore required an alternative method using enzymes that can facilitate the release of the starch grains of sago plant tissue that is surrounded by a vacuole cell wall that restrict it so that the resulting starch yield is higher. The purpose of this research is to increase the yield of sago starch using the enzyme cellulase, an enzyme pektinase and mixtures of the two enzymes, enzyme concentration and know best. Experiment design used in this study is Complete Random Design (RAL) with two factors of type enzyme (cellulase, pektinase, and a mixture of both) and the concentration of enzyme (0.5 ml/1000 g; 1.0 ml/1000 g; and 1,5 ml/1000 g). Research conducted in two stages, including preliminary research stage and the primary research phase. Conducted preliminary stage to determine the incubation time to obtain the highest yield of all three types of enzyme activity used the enzymes cellulase, pektinase, and a mixture of both. Specified incubation time was 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. The result at the 6 hour incubation time gave the highest yield of the three types of enzymes that are used so that the incubation time that would be used for the main study is 6 hours. Overall treatment and pektinase cellulase enzymes and mixtures of both types of enzymes are capable of giving good results for increasing the yield of sago starch at 6-hour incubation time. Sago starch yield a very high 39.10% of achieving treatment resulted in a mixture of cellulase enzymes and enzyme concentration pektinase at 1.5 ml/1000 g. Compared with the control (without treatment) which produces only a yield of 17.04% is an increase in yield by 22%.
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Judul: Sakarifikasi Empulur Sagu (Metroxylon sagu) dengan Konsorsium Enzim Amilolitik dan Holoselulolitik untuk Produksi Bioetanol
Abstrak: Starchy materials such as sago in bioethanol production is one effort in finding solutions to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves but leaving a large amount of wastes. In this research, native sago pith was used directly for bioethanol production. Sago pith is heterogeneous substrates that need pretreatment to reduce the level of crystallinity of fibers and dissolve the starch; also required a number of enzymes to hydrolyze. This research aim is to determine the effects of microwave treatment and consortia of enzymes (α-amylase, amyloglucosidase and pullulanase, cellulase and xylanase) in fermentable sugar production process from the pith of sago palm and its utilization for bioethanol production. This study included the preparation of raw materials sago pith, pith composition analysis including proximate components, starch, amylose and the composition of fiber (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), characterization and preparation of enzymes for determining the optimum temperature, the process of hydrolysis and characterization of syrup. Furthermore, the results of hydrolysis are used in the production of bioethanol in batch and closed systems. The results showed that, microwave treatment made starch easy to swell and break the crystalline structure of fiber. Enzymes consortia in saccharification increased the fermentable sugar production but S. elippsoides used tend to convert glucose into organic acids in spite ethanol.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.