Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Streptococcus equi Penyebab Strangles pada Kuda
Abstrak: This research aims to prove the presence of the bacterium Streptococcus equi causes strangles in horses. Examination conducted on 20 samples of horses clinically suspected strangles disease. Isolation and identification of activities performed by the method of bacterial culture, Gram stain, catalase test, and sugar test. Results obtained from a series of tests to identify the bacteria Streptococcus equi of 20 horses there is one horse who infected Streptococcus equi.
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Judul: Identification and Susceptibility Test of Escherichia coli Bacteria from Horses to Several Antibiotics
Abstrak: Escherichia coli merupakan mikroflora normal yang terdapat pada saluran cerna. E. coli seiring perkembangan waktu memiliki kemampuan resistan terhadap antibiotik tertentu dan dapat menyebarkan gen resistan ke bakteri lain. Permasalahan resistensi antibiotika merupakan masalah global. Informasi mengenai resistansi terhadap antibiotik pada kuda di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bakteri yang ditemukan di saluran cerna pada kuda dan uji resistansi untuk mengetahui pola resistansi bakteri E. coli terhadap antibiotik yang dapat menunjang pengobatan pada kuda. Tahapan penelitian diawali dengan mengisolasi bakteri pada feses kuda menggunakan media agar EMBA dan MCA, lalu diidentifikasi dengan uji pewarnaan Gram serta beberapa uji biokimia. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri didapatkan 18 isolat bakteri E. coli, kemudian uji terhadap 6 antibiotik menunjukkan hasil masih peka atau sensitif terhadap antibiotik kloramfenikol (94%), amoksisilin (89%), gentamisin (83%), asam nalidiksat (78%), dan oksitetrasiklin (50%). Isolat resistan terhadap antibiotik sefotaksim (100%)., Escherichia coli is a normal microflora found in the digestive tract. Over time, E. coli can be resistant to certain antibiotics and can spread resistance genes to other bacteria. Overcoming antibiotic resistance is a global problem. Information regarding resistance to antibiotics in horses in Indonesia has not been widely carried out. This study aims to identify the bacteria found in the digestive tract of horses and test the resistance to determine the pattern of resistance of E. coli bacteria to antibiotics that can support treatment in horses. The research phase began with the isolation of bacteria from horse feces using EMBA and MCA agar media, then identified by Gram staining tests and several biochemical tests. Bacterial isolation and assistance obtained 18 isolates of E. coli bacteria, then tests on 6 antibiotics showed the results were still sensitive to the antibiotics chloramphenicol (94%), amoxicillin (89%), gentamicin (83%), nalidixic acid (78%), and oxytetracycline (50%). The isolates were resistant to cefotaxime (100%).
Keyword: antibiotic, Escherichia coli, horse, resistance

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite