Judul: Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Intensi Berwirausaha Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Dan Kinerja Pedagang Kaki Lima Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Street Vendors are a form of informal sector in people economy. The rapid growth of street vendors gives a contribution to the region economy such as labour opportunity. The objectives of this study takes are: to identify the street vendors’ characteristics, to analyze relation between street vendors’ characteristics and entrepreneurial intention, to identify and to analyze factors that establishing the entrepreneurial intention, to analyze the relation between entrepreneurial intention and street vendors’ performance, and to analyze the relation between entrepreneurial intention and street vendors’ entrepreneurial behavior. The data were obtained from the questionnaire distributed to 122 respondents. The data were analyzed using partial least square with SmartPLS Software. In the analysis of the initial model, it was obtained eleven indicators which less than 0,50. The repairs of the model carried out by executing the eleven indicators. The result of the analysis are (1) the majority of the Street Vendors are male, aged under 40 years, junior high school graduated, came from Bogor, member of family less than 4 peoples, never worked, untrained, capital less than IDR 3 milion, experienced more than 10 years, operating for 6.5-9 hours per day, his own business, and brutto’s income between IDR 250,000 to IDR 500,000; (2) the Street Vendors’ Characteristics unrelated with the Entrepreneurial Intention; (3) Demography factor and External Environmental are have insignificant positive effect to Entrepreneurial Intention, but Personality factor is have significant positive effect to entrepreneurial intention; (4) the Entrepreneurial Intention is have insignificant positive effect to entrepreneurial performance but significant positive to entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model, further research both productivity and market share using the model should be conducted.
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Judul: Analisis karakteristik dan perilaku wirausaha pedagang martabak manis kaki lima di kota Bogor
Abstrak: Kota Bogor merupakan salah satu kota penyangga ibu kota Negara, letaknya yang strategis menjadikan Kota Bogor sebagai wilayah transit dan tujuan wisata, sehingga dari aspek inilah Kota Bogor memiliki peluang untuk menumbuh kembangkan beberapa sektor, diantaranya sektor perdagangan. Sektor Usaha Kecil dan Menengah (UKM) Kota Bogor memiliki potensi yang baik sesuai dengan perkembangan jumlah UKM yang ada di Kota Bogor. Kewirausahaan mempunyai dampak yang positif dalam menyerap tenaga kerja serta membuka lapangan kerja baru mengurangi angka pangangguran. Salah satu bisnis kecil atau usaha yang sudah lama ada dan tumbuh serta berkembang pesat dengan perkembangan Kota Bogor, yaitu pedagang kaki lima. Salah satu makanan yang berkembang di Kota Bogor adalah martabak manis. Martabak manis merupakan makanan cemilan yang mengenyangkan dan juga sebagai oleh-oleh praktis. Pedagang martabak manis tentunya memiliki perilaku tertentu dalam berwirausaha yang menarik untuk dikaji. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah : (1) Mendeskripsikan karakteristik individu dan usaha pedagang martabak manis kaki lima di Kota Bogor (2) Menganalisis perilaku wirausaha pedagang martabak manis kaki lima di Kota Bogor (3) Menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik pedagang martabak manis dengan perilaku wirausaha pedagang martabak manis kaki lima di Kota Bogor. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer merupakan data yang diperoleh dari pengamatan langsung di lapangan dan data yang diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dan pengisian kuesioner kepada pedagang martabak manis kaki lima. Data sekunder merupakan data pendukung dari data primer yang diperoleh dari studi literatur yang terkait seperti Dinas Perdagangan, penelitian terdahulu, LSI Bogor, dan bahan pustaka lain yang relevan. Responden penelitian berjumlah 106 oarang dengan metode sensus. Alat analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistika deskriptif untuk mendiskripsikan karakteristik individu dan usaha, serta analisis korelasi Rank Spearman dan Chi Square untuk menganalisis hubungan antara karakteristik pedagang dengan perilaku wirausahanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan alat bantu berupa software Microsoft Exsel 2007 dan SPSS 16.00 for Windows.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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