Judul: Manipulasi alat untuk mendapatkan ganjaran makanan di lar gibbons (Hylobates lar)
Abstrak: Tool manipulation in Hylobates lar has not been well documented in Malaysia. The main aim of this study is to assess whether lar gibbons are capable of manipulating objects to obtain a food reward. We assessed whether lar gibbons can learn to pull on a rake-like object to gain a food reward without specific training. The main task that is to be observed is the pulling of a rake-like rod to obtain a food reward with a time limit of 60 minutes. All the gibbons managed to obtain the reward at least once throughout the five trials. The gibbons are seen using a trial-error approach which proved to be successful in obtaining the reward. Female gibbons were also observed to be more cautious in attending to a new task or object compared to male gibbons. This can be seen when female gibbons made more interactions with tools prior successful trial compared to the male gibbons., Manipulasi alat di Hylobates lar belum didokumentasikan dengan baik di Malaysia. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai apakah owa lar mampu memanipulasi objek untuk mendapatkan ganjaran makanan. Kami menilai apakah owa lar dapat belajar menarik benda seperti penggaruk untuk mendapatkan ganjaran makanan tanpa pelatihan khusus. Tugas utama yang harus diamati adalah menarik garu seperti garu untuk mendapatkan ganjaran makanan dengan batas waktu 60 menit. Semua owa berhasil mendapatkan ganjaran setidaknya sekali selama lima percobaan. Owa terlihat menggunakan pendekatan trial-error yang terbukti berhasil mendapatkan ganjaran. Owa betina juga diamati lebih berhati-hati dalam mengerjakan tugas atau objek baru dibandingkan dengan owa jantan. Hal ini terlihat ketika owa betina lebih banyak berinteraksi dengan alat sebelum percobaan berhasil dibandingkan dengan owa jantan.
Keyword: food reward, gibbon, Hylobates lar, tool manipulation, ganjaran makanan, Hylobates lar, manipulasi alat, owa

Judul: The Effect of Different Types of Enrichment on Stereotypic Behaviour of Captive Hylobates lar at Gibbon Rehabilitation Project in Raub, Pahang, Malaysia
Abstrak: Owa serudung, juga dikenal sebagai Hylobates lar, sangat terancam punah. Rehabilitasi merupakan salah satu solusi untuk mencegah owa dari kepunahan. Untuk mengembalikan owa ke alam liar, owa harus siap secara fisik dan mental untuk kembali ke alam liar serta memenuhi tujuh kriteria pelepasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami penyebab, akibat, dan solusi perilaku stereotipik dan menyelidiki pengaruh empat perangkat pengayaan yang berbeda (pengayaan taktil, penciuman, makanan dan kognitif serta sosial) terhadap pengurangan perilaku stereotipik. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan metode observasi. Penataan dan analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS) dan Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kehadiran manusia memicu terjadinya masturbasi dan demonstrasi posterior. Pemberian pengayaan membantu pengurangan perilaku stereotip. Dari empat perangkat pengayaan yang berbeda, owa serudung paling banyak berinteraksi dengan kain dan pisang (pengayaan taktil); namun, kotak penggali gantung lebih efektif dalam mengurangi perilaku stereotip meskipun owa paling sedikit tertarik padanya., White-handed gibbon, also known as Hylobates lar, are highly endangered and threatened with extinction. Rehabilitation is one of the solutions to prevent the gibbon from extinction. To reintroduce the gibbons into the wild, gibbons must be both physically and mentally ready to return to the wild as well as achieve seven criteria of release. This research aimed to understand the causes, effects and solutions to the stereotypic behaviour and investigate the effect of four different enrichment devices (tactile, olfactory, food and cognitive as well as social enrichment) on the reduction of stereotypic behaviour in one captive gibbon. The data were collected using the observation method. Data arrangement and analysis were done by using The Statistical Package for Social Sciences for Windows (SPSS) and Microsoft Excel. The result showed that the presence of humans triggers masturbation and posterior demonstration. The giving of enrichment helped the reduction of stereotypic behaviour . Of the four different enrichment devices, the gibbon interacted the most with the cloth and banana leaves (tactile enrichment); however, the hanging digging box was more effective in reducing the stereotypic behaviour even though the gibbon had the least interest on it.
Keyword: gibbon, stereotypic behaviour, enrichment, reduce, rehabilitation

Judul: Persamaan Korteweg-de Vries Orde Tinggi untuk Menggambarkan Gerak Gelombang Internal
Abstrak: The ocean can be considered of layers of fluid that each layer has a constant density. Internal waves are waves occur in the interface of every'two layers with different density. Because it occures underneath the surface of the ocean, it is invisible. One of internal waves is internal solitary waves. One of formulation that can describe intemal waves movement is KdV equation. KdV equation is derived from governing equations of ideal fluid in Lagrange formulation using asymptotic method. On this thesis, KdV equation is derived in higher order and then its solution is derived by using internal solitary waves assumption. An example of a two-layer fluid is a case will be used. By using Mathematica6 software, for this case will be obtained the coefficients in lower and higher order explicitly and the corresponding between coefficients and relative lower layer depths and fluid depths, the corresponding between coefficients and relative densities, and also observed the different between solitary waves in lower and higher order.
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