Judul: Energy Balance and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Analysis for Biodiesel Production Reutealis trisperma-Based
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki target peningkatan campuran biodiesel ke dalam solar menjadi 35% atau B35 dalam rencana bauran energi nasional. Salah satu biomassa yang berpeluang untuk diproses menjadi biodiesel adalah kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma). Hal ini sejalan dengan adanya peraturan menteri tentang Program Penilaian Peringkat Kinerja Perusahaan (PROPER) yang bertujuan mendorong ketaatan industri dan menerapkan prinsip ekonomi hijau yang dievaluasi dengan metode Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis LCA dan neraca energi, serta analisis sensitivitas pada daur hidup biodiesel kemiri sunan di Indonesia. Tahapan LCA mengacu pada SNI ISO 14040:2016 dan SNI ISO 14044:2017 dengan metode penilaian dampak Recipe 2016 Midpoint (H). Berdasarkan analisis neraca energi, diperoleh Net Energy Gain (NEG) 0,39 MJ dan Net Energy Ratio (NER) 1,01. Hasil karakterisasi LCA per liter biodiesel yakni nilai Global Warming Potential (GWP) 3,99 kg CO2 eq, Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (SOD) 1,32 x 10-6 kg CFC11 eq, Terrestrial Acidification (TAC) 0,01 kg SO2 eq, Freshwater Eutrophication (FEU) 2,72 x 10-3 kg P eq, Terrestrial Ecotoxicity (TEC) 10,08 kg 1,4-DCB, dan Human Carcinogenic Toxicity (HCT) 0,59 kg 1,4-DCB. Hotspot terdapat pada proses budidaya. Analisis sensitivitas dan rekomendasi perbaikan menunjukkan dampak lingkungan yang lebih baik., Indonesia's energy mix target is to increase mixing biodiesel in diesel to 35% (B35). Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma) is one biomass that can be used to make biodiesel. This complies with the ministry's regulation on the program for company performance rating assessment (PROPER), which uses the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach to analyze concepts of the green economy and promote industry compliance. This study intends to undertake LCA and energy balance, and sensitivity analyses, on the life cycle of kemiri sunan biodiesel in Indonesia. The LCA stages use the Recipe 2016 Midpoint (H) impact assessment method with SNI ISO 14040:2016 and SNI ISO 14044:2017. According to the energy balance calculation, Net Energy Gain (NEG) is 0,39 MJ and Net Energy Ratio (NER) is 1,01. The LCA characterization values per liter of biodiesel are Global Warming Potential (GWP) 3,99 kg CO2 eq, Stratospheric Ozone Depletion (SOD) 1,32 x 10-6 kg CFC11 eq, Terrestrial Acidification (TAC) 0,01 kg SO2 eq, Freshwater Eutrophication (FEU) 2,72 x 10-3 kg P eq, Terrestrial Ecotoxicity (TEC) 10,08 kg 1,4-DCB, dan Human Carcinogenic Toxicity (HCT) 0,59 kg 1,4-DCB. Hotspots are found during the cultivation process. The environmental effects are better, based on sensitivity analysis and improvement suggestions.
Keyword: biodiesel, life cycle assessment, Reutealis trisperma, energy balance

Judul: Perbandingan Emisi Dan Energi Produksi Biodiesel Dari Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis) Dan Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.) Berdasarkan Kajian Siklus Hidup (Lca) Di Indonesia)
Abstrak: Energy sector plays an important role for Indonesia in achieving its economic development goal. Indonesia is still heavily dependent on fossil based energy, which is accounted for more than 90% of its energy mix (including oil, gas and coal). Biodiesel is one of the biofuel being developed and used intensively in Indonesia. Biodiesel can be produced from various oil borne plants, such as palm oil, jatropha curcas, rapeseed, soybean, etc. The USA produced their biodiesel from soybean, Euoropean countries from rapeseed, while Indonesia mainly from palm oil. Currently, environmental consideration becomes the most important issue in biodiesel production. Even though the source of the energy is considered as carbon neutral, the production path can emit various environmentally hazardous gasses. European and American countries claim that production of biodiesel from palm oil contributes carbon emission to atmosphere along its production path. Furthermore, US EPA-NODA and EU RED stated that palm oil based biodiesel can only reduce emission of GWP by 17% and 19% compared to fossil-fuel based. Considering that the minimum requirement is 20% for US and 35% for EU, CPO from Indonesia experiences difficulties to enter the global market. Scientific approach should be undertaken by Indonesia to address this issue. However nowadays we only still have few numbers of international scientific publications regarding the environmental aspect of biodiesel production. Appropriate method to analyze aforementioned problems is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) which complies with the International Organization for Standardization (ISO). This study is aimed to compare life cycle assessment of biodiesel production from oil palm and jatropha produced in Indonesia. The LCA system boundary for this study was from cradle to gate, which consists of eight sub-processes, with functional unit (FU) of 1 ton biodiesel fuel (BDF). Life cycle inventory (LCI) analysis was performed using the data collected from oil palm plantation and Jatropha curcas centre, both located in western part of Jawa island in Indonesia, become primary data. The analysis was also grouped into unstable production stage and stable production stage in order to accommodate the natural growth characteristics of both crops. The LCI results were utilized to perform impact assessment using software MiLCA-JEMAI version 1.1.2.5 for data processing.
Keyword: Biodiesel, crude palm oil, crude Jatropha curcas oil, life cycle assessment

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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