Judul: Prime Commodity Determination of Papua Barat Agribusiness Development.
Abstrak: Agriculture resources of Papua Barat should be exerted effectively to boost the regional economy. Prime commodity based agribusiness development is one of many approaches that can be used to improve the Papua Barat competitiveness. The aim of this study were to determine the Papua Barat prime commodity and its production area, and establish a recommendation on Papua Barat agribusiness development. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to prioritizing the commodity from each of four sectors that were planned to be developed: crops, horticulture, estate and livestock. The criteria used were agro-ecosystem suitability (sub-criteria: productivity, production and its tren), economic factors (income, feasibility, trade and processing industry avaibility) and regional carrying capacity (capital, market, technology, human resources, institution, facilities and government policy). The AHP showed that for the crop sector, the prime commodities are paddy (0,219), sweet potato (0,184) and peanut (0,165) respectively. Though in term of agro-ecosystem suitability paddy has the lowest weight (0,105), but paddy become the prime commodity since it has the highest weight of economic factor 0,333 and regional carrying capacity weight 0,218. Considering the agro-acosystem, then Manokwari and Sorong can be recommended as main paddy production area in Papua Barat. The same area can be projected as a main production area for sweet potato as well, which become the second prime commodity as its economic weight 0,256 and agro-ecosystem suitability weight is 0.184. Meanwhile, the third prime commodity, peanut, should be produced in Manokwari and Teluk Bintuni. The prime commodity for horticulture sector are legume (0,165), tomato (0,146), and chili (0,138). Legume become the prime commodity since it has the highest weight of agro-ecosystem suitability 0,289 and economic factor weight 0,175. Tomato become the second prime commodity as its economic weight 0,264 and regional carrying capacity weight 0,114. The third prime commodity are chili has the highest weight of economic factor 0,175 and regional carrying capacity weight 0,124. Teluk Bintuni Regency can be recommended as main horticulture production area in Papua Barat. The prime commodities for estate are nutmeg (0,306), palm oil (0,293), and cocoa (0,275). Nutmeg become the prime commodity since it has the highest weight of economic factor 0,376, agro-ecosystem factor 0,371 and regional carrying capacity with lowest weight 0,184. Considering the agro-acosystem, then Fak-fak can be recommended as main nutmeg production area in Papua Barat. Palm oil become the second prime commodity as its agro-ecosystem weight 0,264, regional carrying capacity weight 0,252 and economic factor 0,192. The main production area for palm oil in Sorong. Meanwhile, the third prime commodity, cocoa, should be produced in Raja Ampat. The prime commodities for livestock are pig (0,309), cattle (0,191) and chicken (0,184). Pig and cattle become the prime commodity since it has the highest weight of agro-ecosystem, economic factor and regional carrying capacity with lowest weight. Differently with two categories above, chicken has the highest weight of economic factor (0,260) and regional carrying capacity (0,251) and agro-ecosystem (0,110). Considering the agro-acosystem, then Kaimana can be recommended as main pig and chicken production area and Fak-Fak for cattle production area in Papua Barat. Agribusiness development in West Papua
Keyword: Prime commodity, main production area, agribusiness, Papua Barat

Judul: Analisis komoditas unggulan dan tingkat partisipasi petani dalam pengembangan pertanian Kabupaten Bulukumba
Abstrak: Agriculture is an important sector in the economic system and also a basic sector mainly in South Sulawesi province and Bulukumba regency. As one of the provinces in the eastern Indonesia that acts as a national food barn, therefore since 1988, the provincial government had been implemented the commodity region concepts in order to optimaze the resources utilization based on the characteristics of each region. Bulukumba regency is one of the regions that possess not only various geographic area such as highlands and lowlands but also act as the basic capital in developing many kinds of agricultural commodities. Therefore, the determination of prime commodities was importantly needed in developing this region to be more targeted and more focused so that it would be increased the local communities and region incomes. Participation level of farmers was also extremely expected in developing our prime commodities because farmers become one of the main actors in determining the yield of agricultural production. In the future, agricultural sector will be redirected into agro-industrial sector as an integration form with industrial sector. This research was generally aimed to develop the strategies for developing the sector and prime commodities and also other derivative sectors whereas on the other hand. This research was also specifically aimed to (1) identify the prime agricultural subsectors of Bulukumba regency mainly in South Sulawesi province, (2) identify the prime commodities in Bulukumba regency based on the comparative and competitive advantage and opinion from government apparatus and (3) analyze the participation level of farmers in the development of prime commodities. The analysis methods employed in this study were prime subsector and prime commodities analysis, analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and participation level of farmers analysis. Prime subsector and prime commodities analysis were conducted using location quotient (LQ) analysis that acts as a comparative advantage and differential shift (DS) that acts as a competitive advantage. In this research, LQ analysis was performed using the data in the year of 2010 while DS analysis was performed using the data in the year of 2006 and 2010. AHP is a method for decision-making in order to determine the prime commodities based on the view of official government. The AHP’s criteria used in this study are: (1) natural resources, (2) farmers' preferences, (3) public policy, (4) economic contribution, (5) institutional and (6) market. Participation level of farmer analysis was performed using cross-tabulation in order to observe the relationship between inter-variables such as willingness, ability and farmers’ opportunity in participating for the development of prime commodities. Prime subsectors in Bulukumba regency are food crops, plantation crops and livestock subsectors while fisheries and forestry subsectors were only strategic in term of competitive advantage but not comparative advantage. The results showed that our agriculture sector in Bulukumba regency was a basic sector and dominant prime subsector both in term of comparative and competitive advantage so that this sector was very potential to be developed. The prime vii agricultural commodities both in term of comparative and competitive advantage in Bulukumba regency were consist of 20 commodities from all three subsectors of eminent and always
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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