Judul: Gambaran Fungsi Jantung Kelinci Domestik pada Pembiusan Jangka Panjang Xylazin-Ketamin dengan Pencitraan Ekhokardiografi
Abstrak: Combination of xylazine-ketamine are commonly used anesthesia in veterinary medicine either in the minor or mayor surgery. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of long-term anesthesia xylazine-ketamine combination on heart dynamics or performace of domestic rabbit’s assessed using Motion-mode echocardiography imaging. Xylazine-ketamine was administered to the male adult rabbit intra muscular for induction and through intra vena drip method for 7 hours maintenance. Evaluation of heart performance was assessed by Motion-mode echocardiography imaging. The results showed that administration of long-term anesthesia causes effect on the rabbit heart such as decrease of LVW (left ventricular wall), HR (heart rate), SV (stroke volume), CO (cardiac output), FS (fractional shortening), and EF (ejection fraction) value and increase of LVID (left ventricular internal dimention), EDV (end diastolic volume) dan ESV (end systolic volume) value. These results clearly showed the decrease of cardiac performance due to administration of long-term anesthesia that will inhibit the release of norepinephrine through the pressure of the sympathetic nervous system. The conclusion of this study is the long-term anesthesia xylazine-ketamine will result in a decrease of cardiac performance.
Keyword: xylazine-ketamine., long-term, heart, echocardiography, esthetica

Judul: Evaluasi Radiografi Jantung dan Paru-paru Kelinci pada Pemberian Xylazin-Ketamin sebagai Anestesi Jangka Panjang
Abstrak: Xylazine-ketamine (XK) is an anesthetic combination which often used in the surgical procedure, but the negative effects arising from the anesthesia should be considered, especially if used in a long-term. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of XK as a long-term anesthesia on the heart and lungs of rabbits observed using radiography. Rabbits were given XK anesthesia (xylazine dose 0.04 mg/kg/min and ketamine 0.4 mg/kg/min) using intravenous drip for 12 hours(h). Radiographic interpretation in term of Vertebral Heart Size (VHS) measurements on right lateral (RL) and dorsoventral (DV) view, as well as width ratio of heart to the thoracic cavity showed the same pattern, namely an increase in size ranging from 4 to 12h. It indicated enlargement of the heart. Increasement of VHS on DV view and width ratio of heart to the thoracic cavity occurred significantly (P<0.05). Lung density measurements indicate there has been an increase in density ranging from 0 to 8h and dropped back at the 12h. The density changes did not occur significantly (P>0.05). As conclusion XK administration as a long-term anesthesia causes enlargement of the heart and density changes of the lungs.
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Judul: Karakteristik curah hujan Waingapu, Nusa Tenggara Timur
Abstrak: Waingapu merupakan daerah dengan curah hujan sangat rendah, namun wilayah ini dapat menghasilkan tanaman pertanian dan pohon Cendana. Informasi iklim terutama karakteristik curah hujan diperlukan karena pengaruhnya terhadap pertanian di Waingapu cukup besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik curah hujan Waingapu periode bulanan, musim basah dan musim kering serta kaitannya dengan suhu permukaan laut (SPL) Nino 3.4 dan laut Sumba. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menentukan klasifikasi iklim menggunakan klasifikasi Schmidth-Ferguson dan Koppen, penghitungan jumlah hari hujan dan deret hari basah, analisis rataan bergerak curah hujan 10 harian pada musim basah, peluang kejadian deret hari kering melampaui atau sama dengan 15 hari pada musim basah, dan uji korelasi Pearson antara karakteristik curah hujan dengan SPL Nino 3.4 dan di laut Sumba. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Waingapu memiliki tipe iklim kering (tipe F dan transisi Aw-BS) serta pola curah hujan monsunal dengan penerimaan curah hujan rata-rata tahunan lebih rendah dari evapotranspirasi potensial rata-rata tahunan (898 mm CH; 1604 mm ETp). Hari hujan lebih pendek dibandingkan hari tidak hujan. Meski demikian, kebutuhan air tanaman palawija dapat terpenuhi pada musim basah, terutama pada periode Desember-Februari (502 mm) atau Januari-Maret (515 mm). Peluang deret hari kering melampaui atau sama dengan 15 hari pada musim basah mencapai 70%. Karakteristik curah hujan bulanan Waingapu berkorelasi tinggi dengan SPL Nino 3.4 pada jeda waktu dua bulan, sedangkan SPL di laut Sumba berkorelasi tinggi pada jeda waktu satu bulan. SPL Nino 3.4 memiliki korelasi yang lebih tinggi dengan karakteristik curah hujan Waingapu pada musim basah dibandingkan musim kering.
Keyword: Rainfall, Rainy days, SST Nino 3.4, SST at Sumba sea, Waingapu