Judul: Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Trade Balance Indonesia dengan ASEAN dan Tiga Mitra Dagang Utama
Abstrak: Trade balance is a variable which forms the national income. During 2008 crisis, trade balance contributes the highestvalue, which is 40 percent. But during periods 2003 until 2012, Indonesia’s trade balance with ASEAN and three main trade partners remains a decreasing trend line. This study aims to analyze the development of Indonesia’s trade balance and analyze factors influencing Indonesia’s trade balance with ASEAN and three main trade partners for period 2003 until 2012, the analysis method used in this study is panel data method, with an annual time series data from 2003 until 2012 and cross section data (Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philiphina, Thailand, China, Jepang, dan Amerika). Variables used are GDP per capita of Indonesia, GDP per capita of trade partners, rill exchange rate, Indonesia’s money supply, and crisis as a dummy variable. The estimation shows that all variables significantly influence Indonesia’s trade balance and have an impact which is consistent with the studies hypothesis.
Keyword: exchange rate., panel data, trade balance

Judul: Analysis of the Effect of the 1997-1998 Asian Crisis on  the Efficiency of Indonesia's Exports to ASEAN
Abstrak: Selama terjadi krisis di tahun 1997-1998, perekonomian Indonesia menurun cukup drastis, tidak terkecuali dari sisi perdagangan internasional. Sebagai komponen dalam perdagangan internasional, ekspor perlu menjadi fokus perhatian saat itu. Ketika kinerja ekspor efisien maka akan berpengaruh positif bagi perbaikan ekonomi nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efisiensi ekspor dan faktor faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor Indonesia ke ASEAN. Dengan menggunakan metode Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model terhadap negara mitra ASEAN selama periode 1994-2020 diperoleh nilai efisiensi adalah 72,6 persen, dimana negara Singapura adalah yang tertinggi sebesar 95,8 persen dan terendah adalah Brunei Darussalam sebesar 57,7 persen. Penelitian ini menemukan selama tahun 1997-1998, ekspor Indonesia ke ASEAN terbilang positif namun mengalami penurunan efisiensi. Selain itu, ada hubungan yang signifikan antara GDP riil negara mitra, GDP riil negara Indonesia, trade openness, populasi, dan dummy krisis 1997-1998 terhadap kenaikan ekspor, serta jarak ekonomi dan dummy landlocked terhadap penurunan ekspor Indonesia ke ASEAN., During the 1997-1998 crisis, the Indonesian economy declined quite dramatically, including in terms of international trade. As a component in international trade, exports need to be the focus of attention at that time. When export performance is efficient, it will have a positive effect on the improvement of the national economy. This study aims to analyze export efficiency and the factors that influence Indonesia's exports to ASEAN. By using the Stochastic Frontier Gravity Model for ASEAN partner countries during the period 1994-2020, the efficiency value is 72.6 percent, of which Singapore is the highest at 95.8 percent and Brunei Darussalam is the lowest at 57.7 percent. This study found that during 1997-1998, Indonesia's exports to ASEAN were positive but experienced a decline in efficiency. In addition, there is a significant relationship between the real GDP of partner countries, the real GDP of Indonesia, trade openness, population, and the 1997-1998 crisis dummy to the increase in exports, as well as the economic distance and the landlocked dummy to the decline in Indonesia's exports to ASEAN.
Keyword: ASEAN, efficiency, exports, 1997-1998 crisis, SFGM

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell