Judul: Elimination of Cymbidium mosaic virus on Dendrobium Plbs Orchid by Using Ribavirin as Antiviral Agent
Abstrak: Orchid is an ornamental plant that has a fairly high level of demand and ranked first compared to other ornamental plants. The beauty of orchid plants can be reduced if infected by pathogenic virus like Cymbidium mosaic virus (CyMV). CyMV is the one of the dominant pathogen infecting orchid plant in the world. Detection of CyMV infection can be performed by DAS-ELISA (Double Antibody Sandwich - Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay) method. To further confirm, it can be distinguished the pattern of CyMV protein bands by using composite gel electrophoresis method. The aims of this study to determine the optimum concentration of Ribavirin antiviral agent on CyMV elimination in Dendrobium Jayakarta protocorm-like bodies (plbs) and to distinguish the patterns of protein bands of healthy Dendrobium plants or CyMV free plbs and the infected ones. Stages of this study included to detect CyMV in Dendrobium plbs, infected plbs propagation in Vacin and Went liquid media, to eliminate CyMV by Ribavirin antiviral treatments in six concentrations (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 ppm) arranged in Randomized Completely Design with three replications and to distinguish the CyMV protein banding pattern by using composite gel electrophoresis method. The results of this study showed that CyMV was eliminated by Ribavirin in D. Jayakarta plbs. The optimum concentration of Ribavirin to eliminate 100% CyMV without growth inhibition of the plbs was 30 ppm. The result of CyMV protein banding pattern analysis by composite gel electrophoresis method showed that CyMV infected plant and plbs had one band with molecular weight approximately 28 kDa. There was no band on healthy or CyMV free Dendrobium plant and D. Jayakarta plbs.
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Judul: Deteksi dan karakterisasi Cymbidium Mosaic Virus (CymMV) isolat anggrek
Abstrak: Observation during field survey has proved that CymMV has infected orchid in West Java. The disease on orchid plants in Gunungsindur, Segunung, and Kebun Raya Bogor Districts was characterized by mosaic or chlorotic and necrotic sunken patches on the leaves. The objective of the research is to detect and characterize the virus causing mosaic or chlorotic and necrotic on orchids in West Java. Double antibody sandwich-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) using antibody specific to CymMV successfully detected the virus in leaf tissues from symptomatic orchids plants. A reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assays using oligonucleotide primen specific to CymMV were also successfully amplified the regions of the coat protein (CP) gene of the virus. Analysis by using sodium dodecyl sulphatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) revealed that the virus have a major structural protein with an estimated molecdar weight of 28 kDa. Flexuous filamentous particles were also observed in electron microscopy preparations from infected plants and middle layer of purified virus preparation. Aliments of partial nucleotide sequences of the CP gene displayed 86 to 92% homology to CymMV isolates fiom other countries. The CymMV has an intermediate host range including plants belong to family of Orchidaceae, Solanaceae, Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae, and Graminae.
Keyword: Orchids, Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), Western blotting, Elektron mikroskopi

Judul: Massa Graviton Berdasarkan Teori De Rham- Gabadadze-Tolley Dalam Model Alam Semesta Datar Friedmann-Lemaitre- Roberson-Walker
Abstrak: Teori Relativitas Umum memprediksi ekspansi alam semesta diperlambat, sedangkan hasil observasi supernova tipe Ia mendapati ekspansi alam semesta dipercepat. Teori Relativitas Umum dimodifikasi melalui pendekatan teori gravitasi bermassa nonlinier oleh de Rham-Gabadadze-Tolley (dRGT). Massa graviton dimunculkan untuk dinamika skala sangat besar. Persamaan medan Einstein teori dRGT dapat dirumuskan dari prinsip variasi. Selanjutnya dengan memilih metrik datar Friedmann-Lemaitre-Roberson-Walker dapat diformulasikan bentuk persamaan Friedmann yang relevan dengan model ekspansi dipercepat. Hasil akhirnya, dengan membandingkan massa graviton dari metode Extremely Low Energy (ELE) dapat dihitung massa kritis graviton yaitu sekitar - . .
Keyword: massa graviton, teori dRGT, persamaan medan Einstein, persamaan Friedmann, ekspansi alam semesta dipercepat