Judul: Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Terbang (Hirundichthys axycephalus) di Laut Flores
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laut Flores pad bulan Oktober sampai desember 2005. Ikan contoh merupakan hasil tangkapan nelayan yang ditangkap dengan menggunakan drift gillnet. Analisis laboratorium meliputi identifikasi, pengukuran panjang dan penimbangan berat ikan contoh, pengamatan tingkat kematangan gonad (TKG), fekunditas dan pengukuran diameter telur. Analisis data meliputi perhitungan kelas ukuran, rasio kelamin, hubungan panjang dan berat, faktor kodisi, ukuran ikan pertama kali matang gonad, indeks kematangan gonad dan fekunditas. Ikan terbang (H. oxycephalus) yang diamati berjumlah 221 ekor terdiri dari 133 ekor (55,66%)ikan jantan dan 98 ekor (44,34%) ikan betina. Berdasarkan analisa hubungan panjang dan berat, diperoleh pola pertumbuhan ikan terbang (H. oxycephalus)jantan dan betina adalah allometriknegatif. Berdasarkan pengamatan tingkat kematangan gonad diperolehhasil bahwa kematangan gonad ikan terbang terjadi secara serentak pada selang panjang total 172-182 mm. Tidak ditemukannya gonad dalam fase salin (TKG V) ditambah dengan perkembangan nilai IKG yang positif pada setiap bulannya, menimbulkan degaan bahwa ikan terbang (H. oxycephalus) sedang berada dalam masa memasuki pemijahan. Jumlah telur ikan terbang (H. oxycephalus) yang ditemukan berkisar antara 3224-9309 butir telur. distribusi diameter telur memperlihatkan lebih dari satu modus yang menggambarkan bahwa ikan terbang (H. oxycephalus) memiliki pemijahan yang bersifat parsial (pemijahan dilakukan lebih dari satu kali selama satu musim pemijahan)
Keyword: 

Judul: biologi Reproduksi Ikan Terbang (Hrundichthys oxycephalus) Pada Bulan April-Juni 2006 di Laut Flores
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek biologi reproduksi ikan terbang melalui penelaahan rasio kelamin, faktor kondis, TKG, IKG, fekunditas dan diameter telur serta mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi pada populasi ikan terbang yang dapat dilihat dari waktu pemijahan dan strategi reproduksi. Pengambilan ikan contoh dilakukan di Laut Flores dengan menggunakan drift gill net yang diopersikan dengan mngunakan kapal pattorani pada waktu malam hari
Keyword: 

Judul: Efforts to Control and Prevent Pathogenic Infection of Multi-Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clone Using Alcohol-Base Hand Rub.
Abstrak: The pandemic that is occurring caused both by COVID-19 (currently occurring) as well as the clone of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the previous period has really threatened human life. This condition requires materials that can break the chain of transmission from human to human and from the environment to human. An alcohol-based antiseptic (hand rub/hand sanitizer) often contains ethanol, isopropanol or n-propanol, or a combination of two of these types. Alcohol has an excellent germicidal activity in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative vegetative bacteria (including multidrug-resistant pathogens such as MRSA and VRE) as well as viruses. Hand rub/hand sanitizer products are declared good if they have formulation stability, no irritation effect when they are used and are able to kill pathogens more than 90%. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of alcohol-based hand rub with WHO-based-standard formulation based on the stability of the formulation, the risk of irritation and the ability to kill bacteria. Hand rub/hand sanitizer was made by modifying the levels of the WHO formula with a hygiene procedure for 500 ml/bottle with the composition: Ethanol 96%; H2O2 3%; Glycerol 98%; and Aqua Sterile ad 500ml. Assessment on the presence of rancidity, clarity, discoloration, final alcohol content and skin irritation risk was done to know the quality of product formulation. A bacterial Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used to assess the percentage of bacterial killing power. The selected bacteria were bacteria commonly found in the hospital environment. The results of formulation stability from four variants of level modification showed that MD.4 has good stability compared to other formulation modifications. The results of the percentage kill test against MRSA showed that the percentage kill is 99.90% at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The selected manufacturer's product also showed the same percentage kill value at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The results of percentage kill test showed that the effective value for each contact time is ≥ 90%. The SEM observations showed that MD.4 hand rub effect in the form of MRSA cell lysis. The LC50 test, it is known that MD.4 hand rub value is 620 ppm while softaman (control) is 114 ppm. In terms of irritation risk, twenty-three selected subjects were generally well tolerated in use.
Keyword: hand rub, hand sanitizer, ahmad Subhan, percentage kill bacteria, MRSA, WHO