Judul: Studi Analisis Biaya Penyadaran dengan Menggunakan Forwarder Timberjack 610 di HPH TI PT. Musi Hutan Persada
Abstrak: Kegiatan penyadaran di areal Hutan Tanaman industri (HTI) PT. Musi Hutan Persada (MHP) dilakukan dengan menggunakan forwarder yang memang diperuntukan bagi kegiatanpenyadaran di areal HTI yang menghasilkan kayu dengan diameter relatif kecil. Pcnclitian mengenai prestasi kerja dan biaya penyadaran dengan forwarder di areal HTI diperlukan untuk mengetahui pada kondisi yang bagaimana alat dapat bekerja secara optimal.
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Judul: Analisis biaya forwarder timberjack 1210 dalam kegiatan ekstraksi kayu pada hutan tanaman industri : Studi kasus di PT. Arara Abadi, Riau
Abstrak: Informasi mengenai biaya dan prestasi kerja penggunaan forwarder perlu diketahui sebagai bahan untuk menyusun perencanaan penggunaan alat tersebut pada suatu perusahaan sehingga dalam pengoperasian alat tersebut didapat hasil yang optimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : (a) Mempelajari proses-proses pemanenan pada HTI khususnya di petak tebangan; (b) Mengidentifikasi jenis pekerjaan dan unjuk kerja (kinerja) yang dilakukan Forwarder Timberjack 1210; (c) Mengukur Prestasi kerja dan menghitung Biaya usaha dari penggunaan Forwarder Timberjack 1210. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan jalan mengumpulkan data primer berupa data pengukuran volume muatan per trip dan pengukuran waktu kerja. Data sekunder didapat dengan mengutip arsip kantor maupun melalui wawancara. Data lain berupa deskripsi proses pemanenan dilakukan dengan cara mengamati langsung semua kegiatan dalam proses pemanenan. Pengambilan data primer dilakukan dengan cara Purposive sampling, dengan jumlah pengukuran sebanyak 75 ulangan. Pengolahan data sekunder dengan cara menganalisis unsur- unsur biaya dari Forwarder Timberjack 1210, untuk mendapatkan biaya usaha penggunaan forwarder....
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Judul: DNA Extraction and Characterization of Salmonella‟s Lytic Bacteriophage Genome
Abstrak: Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and are known to proliferate wherever their bacterial hosts exist. Their virion particles can exist independently outside the host, however all phages are need their host to propagate. Several phages are highly specific to host cell surface receptors and any slight changes in structure results in little or no interaction between the phage and its host. Salmonella‟s phage isolated from sewage water where their bacteria exist. Three isolated of phages (phages 15, 19 and 38) were used in this research that concentrated using three types of methods. PEG/ NaCl method was firstly used to concentrate the phages based on their molecular weight to precipitate the phage particles during centrifugation. The second method was Scraping Plaque method. In this method, overlay plaques were scraped and collected in SM buffer to get phage concentrates. Enrichment method was the last method used to concentrate the phages. Phage genome isolation was done using two methods i.e. EDTA/SDS and Proteinase K methods. The first method was done using DNase I to eliminate bacterial DNA followed by SDS/EDTA treatment to release phages DNA and phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol to extract the DNA. DNA was collected by isopropanol extraction. While in Proteinase K method, bacterial DNA was eliminated by DNase I and Proteinase K/SDS was used to degrade phages capsids and ethanol for DNA precipitation. The result showed that PEG/NaCl method resulted the highest phage concentration for phage 15 and phage 19, while scrapping method was the highest for phage 38. The quantity and purity of extracted DNA were low for PEG/NaCl and Scraping methods, while Enrichment method was higher indicated higher purity. Run on agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted DNA confirmed that Enrichment method results were the best while scraping and PEG/NaCl method was appeared smear background. Based on DNA genome size determination, the bacteriphages of Salmonella sp were comparable with other study of Salmonella phages. Phage P15 with genome size of 39,5 kb was close to phage epsilon15. Phage P19 with genome size of 41 kb was close to phage ST160. And phage P38 with genome size of 48,5 kb was close to phage Gifsy-1.
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