Judul: Modelling geospatial connectivity of reef fish ontogenetic habitat in Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Reef fish communities exist at spatially distributed populations that correspond to various reefscape elements, for example landscape connectedness, the amount of habitat, and configuration of habitat patches. One type of connection exists between reef fish population is related with ontogenetic shift, in where juveniles use different types of habitat compare to adults. Supported by appropriate accuracy setting, integrated remote sensing technology can provide functional tools for informing complex landscape of reef habitats as well as reef geomorphology, one aspect still lacking of comprehensive studies in the Indonesian seascape. A total of 17 reef sites and 14 seagrass sites were assessed to gather basic information on reef fish community structure and potential structural connectivity facilitating ontogenetic shifts between different reef habitats in Kepulauan Seribu. Quickbird imagery analysis resulted in 13 thematic habitat classes and 8 geomorphological classes, with fine to excellent accuracy. Coupled with acoustic dataset, complex details of reef geomorphology at deeper depth (>18 meter) with 13 thematic classes were obtained from Benthic Terrain Modeler revealing structures which may facilitate reef fish spawning process (i.e.: Rock outcrop highs, narrow ridges/Ronr; Scarp, cliff; or small local depression on slope/Scos; Local ridges, boulders, pinnacles on broad flats/Lopb; Local ridges, boulders, pinnacles in depression/Lopd; Local ridges, boulders, pinnacles on slopes/Lops; and Crevices, narrow gullies over elevated terrain/Cret). Ontogenetic connectivity was analyzed structurally by reviewing spatial characteristics of the physical structure of the coastal environment as resulted from remote sensing imagery, and potentially by several scenarios of reef fish larval dispersal. Using spatial and statistic analysis, the results indicated that benthic habitat configuration metrics at several spatial scales (Perimeter:Area of habitat patch-P:A*, habitat extent-A*, and nearest distance between two ontogenetic habitats-JO*) may serve as proxies for examining ontogenetic connectivity and reef fish community structure. Juvenile fish species richness exhibit marginal association with P:A of seagrass patch at 250 m spatial extent (PAL250); while association between showing-spawn-cues adult reef fish is moderately strong at every spatial scale with reef area (AT*). Despite the seasonal variability of potential ontogenic connectivity, larval dispersal simulation revealed that several sites around Panggang Island provide the highest potential to be linked with seagrass patches, thus facilitating ontogenetic connectivity between spawning habitats at outer reefs to nursery habitats at inner reefs.
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Judul: Studi Konektivitas Sistem Sosial-Ekologi Lamun dan Perikanan Skala Kecil (Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Bintan, Kepulauan Riau).
Abstrak: Seagrass ecosystem is one of important parts as a constituent of the coastal ecosystem along with mangroves and coral reefs. Seagrass ecosystem services are very various, for exampel as provisioning services, supporting services, regulating services, and cultural services. The utilization of the seagrass in small-scale fisheries is the interaction between the two systems, namely social systems and ecological systems, or it is commonly referred to as social-ecological systems (SES). Understanding the behavior of small-scale fishermen and connectivity patterns of seagrass in the form of direct use as provisioning services of many fisheries resources contributes to the comply the needs of fishermen. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the study on social-ecological system connectivities of seagrass in small-scale fisheries for integrated seagrass management particularly in Bintan regency, Riau Islands. The purpose of this research was to map the social-ecological system connectivities seagrass with small-scale fisheries in a networks perspective the study site, identify social-ecological connectivities of seagrass approach avability of fisheries resources on small-scale fisheries un the study site, and estimate the great benefits of fisheries resources relation to seagrass services in the study site. This study was conducted from 22 September to 22 November 2014 in Malang Rapat and Berakit Villages, Bintan regency, Riau Islands. This research was conducted with qualitative and quantitative approaches. Respondents selected were appointed permanently as much as 15 respondents of fishermen of each village. The data needed were primary and secondary data. The analysis of the network map and distribution of the fishing was done with the program of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) from the results of delineation and interviews. The data of fish caught by fishermen were obtained from the interviews with quisioner instrument and the recorded of catches and sales by the seller, then analyzed fish spesies composition, community structure and descriptive statistics, while ensure type of fisheries resources exploited used the approach of installing Trammel Net and Gill Net. Fishermen income data were obtained from the results of in-depth interviews with questionnaire instrument. The data were then analyzed with an approach of production value, whereas the public perception was analyzed by the frequency distribution. The collection of secondary data was obtained from the study of literature and sources of structural village, district, county, and institutions associated with the research. The results of studies indicated that some fishermen in the village of Berakit and Malang Rapat had taken the advantage of the presence of seagrass in the fulfillment of their needs. The used fishing gear for seagrass in the village included nets, fishing rods, crab traps, and the tidal trap (kelong karang). The connectivity of social-ecological systems of seagrass was very strong with the spatial distribution of fishing areas, network map market, and dynamic of smallscale fishery catches in the study area of the fishery resources in the presence of seagrass ecosystem services. The network map market of the fishery catches was that they were sold to the traders in the village collectors, and then distributed to the merchant collectors in the city. There were a few fishermen from the Berakit village distributing the catches
Keyword: Seagrass ecosystem, connectivity, network map, small-scale fisheries, social-ecological system (SES)

Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4