Judul: Uji Toksisitas Akut Sari Buah Jeruk (Citrus sinensis) pada Tikus (Rattus norvegicus) Pediatri
Abstrak: Sementara ini, belum ada standar pengujian keamanan sediaan untuk pediatri manusia menggunakan hewan pediatri. Penelitian ini mengadopsi standar uji toksisitas akut (dengan tikus dewasa) di tikus pediatri menggunakan sari buah jeruk. Sari buah jeruk merupakan produk turunan jeruk yang umum dikonsumsi oleh anak-anak karena rasanya yang enak serta kandungannya yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada bobot badan, fisiologi, serta makropatologi organ 20 ekor tikus berumur 3 minggu. Penelitian ini diharapkan mampu menggambarkan keamanan sari jeruk pada pediatri dan menjadi standar pengujian toksisitas akut untuk pediatri. Sari jeruk diperas secara manual dari buah jeruk manis. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok kontrol dan 4 perlakuan dosis sari buah jeruk (5, 10, 15, 20 g/kg BB). Tikus diberi perlakuan melalui rute oral pada hari pertama, diamati selama 14 hari, dan dinekropsi pada hari ke-14. Pemberian sari jeruk hingga dosis 20 g/kg BB tidak menyebabkan kematian tikus pediatri. Selain itu, tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada bobot badan, frekuensi nafas, denyut jantung, suhu rektal, dan tampilan makroanatomi lima organ penting tikus pediatri. Hasil yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini serupa dengan temuan National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (O’Neil et al. 2003) yang menyatakan bahwa konsumsi 750 mL sari jeruk (±21 g/kg BB) menunjukkan efek positif pada remaja. Metode pada penelitian ini dapat membuktikan bahwa sari buah jeruk bersifat aman untuk pediatri sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk uji toksisitas akut dengan hewan pediatri., Currently, there is no available standard for testing the safety of preparations for human pediatrics using pediatric animals. This study adopts a standard acute toxicity test (using adult rats) on pediatric rats using orange juice. Orange juice is an orange derivative product that is commonly consumed by children because it tastes good and contains health benefits. Body weight, physiology, and organ macropathology of 20 rats (3 weeks old) were observed. It is hoped that this research will be able to describe the safety of orange juice in pediatrics and become a standard for acute toxicity testing using pediatric animals. The orange juice is squeezed manually from sweet oranges. Rats were divided into 5 treatment groups, namely the control group and 4 treatments with doses of orange juice (5, 10, 15, 20 g/kg BW). Rats were treated via the oral route on the first day, observed for 14 days, and necropsied in the 14th day. Administration of orange juice up to a dose of 20 g/kg BW did not cause any death on pediatric rats. There were also no significant differences found in body weight, respiratory frequency, heart rate, rectal temperature, and macro-anatomical appearance of five important organs in pediatric rats. The results obtained in this study are similar to the findings of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (O’Neil et al. 2003) which stated that consumption of 750 mL of orange juice (±21 g/kg BW) showed positive effects in young adults. The method in this research can prove that orange juice is safe for pediatrics so that it can be used as a reference for acute toxicity tests using pediatric animals.
Keyword: pediatri, sari buah jeruk, uji toksisitas akut

Judul: Acute Toxicity test of Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia) in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan jeruk nipis di masyarakat didukung oleh kandungan bahan aktif jeruk nipis sebagai antiseptik, antelmintik, antijamur, antibakteri, antivirus, antikanker, antioksidan, dan antidiare. Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan untuk menilai tingkat keamanan sari buah jeruk nipis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit betina yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok; 1 kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok kontrol diberi aquades dan kelompok perlakuan diberi sari buah jeruk nipis dengan dosis 2, 4, 8, dan 16 g/kg bobot badan. Pemberian sari buah jeruk nipis dan aquades menggunakan sonde lambung dan diberikan dalam dosis tunggal. Kematian diamati 14 hari setelah perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tidak ditemukan perubahan perilaku dan didapatkan nilai LD50, yaitu 16 g/kg bobot badan yang termasuk dalam kategori praktis tidak toksik. Perubahan bobot badan dan bobot organ tidak berbeda nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (p <0,05), dan tidak ditemukan kelainan secara makroskopis pada organ., The use of lime in the community is supported by the activity coumpound of lime as an antiseptic, anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antidiarrheal. Acute toxicity testing was carried out to assess the safety level oflime juice. This study used 20 female mice which were divided into 5 groups; 1 control group and 4 treatment groups. The control group was fed with distilled water and the treatment groups were fed with lime juice with 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight doses. Lime juice and distilled water were administered using a gastric tube and given in a single dose. Mortality was observed 14 days after treatment. Based on research results, there was no change in behavior and obtained LD50 value was 16 g/kg body weight which was included in the category of practical non-toxic. Changes in body weight and organ weight were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level (p <0.05), and there was no abnormality found in macroscopic organs.
Keyword: body weight, LD50, lime

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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