Judul: Animal Welfare Implementation in the Live Bird Markets (LBMs) in Bogor
Abstrak: The aim of this research is to describe the animal welfare implementation in the live bird markets (LBMs) in Bogor. This research was conducted through direct observation in the field using structured questionnaire. This study involved 5 live bird markets in 3 sub-districts and 15 vendors. The evaluation of animal welfare implementation included three important aspects, i.e. 1. Transportation aspects (vehicle and crates), 2. Collecting aspects (caging, maintaining, cleaning, poultry health and wastes disposal) and 3. Slaughtering aspects (personnel, equipment, slaughter process). The result showed that the animal welfare implemented in the transportation included time of poultry delivery in the morning and night, regular cleaning of vehicle, using of plastic crates, poultry density in a crate, number of crate stack, and regular cleaning of crates. The good implementation of animal welfare due to the collecting aspects comprised using of postal cages, density in the cages, feeding and water availability, ventilation, lighting, regular cleaning of cages, replacing of litter, and poultry health inspection. The animal welfare which were implemented well due to slaughtering aspects consisted of maintaining of knives sharpness, sufficient number of knives, regular cleaning of knives, bleeding, blood collecting, and bleeding time. This study suggested that some aspects related to LBMs in Bogor should be improved through communication information and education (CIE) on vendors and consumers which are managed by Municipal Office for Agribusiness Bogor City and related stakeholders. Keywords: animal welfare, live bird markets.
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Judul: Evaluation of Animal Welfare Implementation at Jatinegara Bird Market, Special Capital Region of Jakarta
Abstrak: Kesejahteraan hewan adalah segala urusan yang berhubungan dengan keadaan fisik dan mental hewan menurut ukuran perilaku alami hewan yang perlu diterapkan dan ditegakkan untuk melindungi hewan dari perlakuan setiap orang yang tidak layak terhadap hewan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai penerapan kesejahtraan hewan terutama pada burung di Pasar Jatinegara dan untuk mengetahui korelasi antara karakteristik, pengetahuan, serta praktik pedagang burung mengenai aspek kesejahteraan hewan di Pasar Jatinegara. Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan kajian lapang lintas seksional (crosssectional study). Data diperoleh dari wawancara kepada 30 responden menggunakan kuesioner yang disusun secara terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan praktik pedagang burung tergolong sedang. Dalam peneitian ini didapatkan hubungan yang nyata antara pendidikan dan pengetahuan (p=0.009; r=0.469).
Keyword: Animal welfare, Bird, Knowledge, Practice, Natural behavior, Education, Knowledge, Animal welfare, Ukuran perilaku, Bird condition

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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