Judul: Performance and Biokinetic Modeling of Modified Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Unit in Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Abstrak: Tingginya kadar kontaminan pada Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit perlu diolah dengan reaktor digester anaerobik tingkat tinggi, seperti Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB). Pengukuran kinerja unit UASB secara manual dapat menghabiskan banyak sumber daya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja unit UASB dengan mengimplementasikan variasi Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), membandingkan estimasi efluen menggunakan Model Monod dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST), dan memperkirakan parameter biokinetik unit UASB dalam kondisi unsteady-state. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor skala laboratorium dari November 2022 hingga Juni 2023. Dihasilkan bahwa HRT selama 2 hari di unit UASB terbukti merupakan HRT operasional yang optimal, mencapai 68% penyisihan Chemical Oxygen Demand dan 93% penyisihan Total Suspended Solids. Berdasarkan perbandingan model estimasi efluen, ANN memberikan estimasi yang paling sesuai dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 17%. ..., The high levels of contaminants in Palm Mill Oil Effluent need to be processed with a high-rate anaerobic digestion reactor, such as the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB). Manual performance measurement of the UASB unit can be laborious and resource-intensive. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the performance of the UASB unit by implementing variations in Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), comparing the effluent estimation using the Monod Model and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and estimating the biokinetic parameters of the UASB unit under unsteady-state conditions. The research used a laboratory-scale reactor from November 2022 to June 2023. It was determined that an HRT of 2 days in the UASB unit proved to be the optimal operational HRT, achieving 68% removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand and 93% removal of Total Suspended Solids. Comparing the effluent estimation models, the ANN provided the most suitable estimation with a MAPE value of 17%. ...
Keyword: ACSt, ANN, Monod, POME, UASB

Judul: Performance of Modification Hybrid Attached Growth Biofilm on Suspended Media on Anaerobic-Aerobic Unit in Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Abstrak: Produksi minyak sawit mentah (CPO) di Indonesia hingga tahun 2022 telah mencapai 48,3 juta ton dari total produksi dunia sebanyak 75,45 juta ton dan tingginya produksi CPO menyebabkan peningkatan Limbah Cair Kelapa Sawit (LCKS) atau Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk efektifitas pengolahan LCKS dengan variasi waktu detensi (HRT) yang berbeda pada Reaktor Anaerobic Contact-Stabilization (ACSt). Penelitian ini juga berfokus pada kajian mengenai parameter biokinetika pada unit Integrated Fixed-Film Contact Stabikization (IFCS) untuk estimasi nilai substrat di efluen. Penelitian terdiri atas tahap persiapan reaktor, aklimasasi, konfigurasi reaktor, dan pengoperasian reaktor, dan analisis data. Berdasarkan penelitian diketahui bahwa perubahan variabel operasional HRT berpengaruh terhadap persen penyisihan substrat sCOD pada pegolahan menggunakan Reaktor ACSt (Variasi 1 = 99,41%, Variasi 2 = 99,17%, Variasi 3 = 99,65%, Variasi 4 = 98,633% dan Variasi 5 = 96,47%). Selain itu, perhitungan parameter biokinetika untuk pengolahan LCKS menggunakan Reaktor ACSt pada unit IFCS memperoleh hasil nilai Kec, Kea, Yc, Ya, μmax-c, μmax-a, Ks-c, Ks-a dengan nilai berturut-turut sebesar 0,04 hari-1, 0,0018 hari-1, 3,51 mgMLVSS/mgCOD, 1,95 mgMLVSS/mgCOD, 2,33 hari-1, 2,09 hari-1, 75,55 mg/L, dan 49,57 mg/L, Production of crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia until 2022 has reached 48.3 million tons of the world's total production of 75.45 million tons and the high production of CPO can increase Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME). This study aims to determine the effectiveness of POME processing with various detention time (HRT) in Anaerobic Contact-Stabilization (ACSt) Reactor. This research also focuses on the study of biokinetic parameters in the Integrated Fixed-Film Contact Stabikization (IFCS) unit to predict the value of the substrate concentration in the effluent. This research starts with reactor preparation, acclimation, reactor configuration, reactor operation, and data analysis. Based on the research, it is known that changes in HRT operational variables affect the percentage of sCOD substrate removal in processing using the ACSt Reactor (Variation 1 = 99.41%, Variation 2 = 99.17%, Variation 3 = 99.65%, Variation 4 = 98.633% and Variation 5 = 96.47%). In addition, the calculation of biokinetic parameters for LCKS processing using the ACSt Reactor in the IFCS unit yielded the values of Kec, Kea, Yc, Ya, μmax-c, μmax-a, K_s-c, K_s-a with consecutive values of 0.04 day-1, 0.0018 day-1, 3.51 mgMLVSS/mgCOD, 1.95 mgMLVSS/mgCOD, 2,33 day-1, 2.09 day-1, 75.55 mg/L, and 49.57 mg/L.
Keyword: Anaerobic Contact Stabilization, bioball, biokinetic, Hydraulic Retention Time, Palm Oil Mill Effluent

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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