Judul: Daya saing dan strategi peningkatan ekspor udang Indonesia di pasar internasional
Abstrak: This research attempts to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian shrimp export to Japan, the US (United States), and the EU-27 (European Union) in the three categories of products namely fresh, frozen, and prepared shrimp, compared to Thailand. Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) Index and Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA) are used as indicators to provide insights into export performance. Using state data for 1989 to 2008 from Comtrade, this study has developed a simultaneous equations model that links between shrimp production and trade. The results show that Indonesia has a comparative advantage in exporting frozen and prepared shrimp products relative to fresh shrimp products. Moreover, the comparative advantage in exporting shrimp to Japan in the three categories of products has fallen after changing cultivation from Penaeus monodon (udang windu) to Penaeus vaname (udang vaname). Using CMSA model indicates that distribution effect and composition effect are still weak and Indonesian shrimp competitiveness is mainly because of specific competitiveness effect in exporting frozen shrimp to Japan and the US. Disease outbreaks, feed cost, and difficulties in fulfilling shrimp quality requirement especially from the EU-27 are the factors that affecting Indonesian shrimp competitiveness. To increase shrimp export competitiveness, the Indonesian government should revitalize Penaeus monodon, do more research on diseases, feed, seed, and broodstock, invest more on human development and irrigation, and differentiate its product to more value added products.
Keyword: International Market, Total Factor Productivity, Penaeus monodon

Judul: Analisis daya saing komoditi udang Indonesia di Pasar Internasional
Abstrak: Indonesia is the country which has a large of ocean territorial in 5,8 million km2 and has a wealthy sea resources which full of nutrients and minerals to supply all the foods of its citizen and also as the national economic power in the future. Shrimp is one of sea resources which not only has a big nutrients for body but also has a high value even in domestic or international market. Based on Depdag (2009) that export value of Indonesia shrimp in 2006 was US$ 943.998.000, US$ 791.854.000 in 2007 and raised to 1.055.805.000 until August, 2008. Although Indonesia shrimp potency was so big, but it has so many export problems until now such as the conquered of Indonesia shrimp market share in USA by Thailand and China, fall out of Indonesia shrimp export price in Japan because of high competition, transhipment accused for Indonesia shrimp export, Europe standardization which aggravated Indonesia shrimp export, and also the quality declining of Indonesia shrimp export in USA because of global crisis. Actually Indonesia shrimp export had filled demand of world market such as USA, Europe and Japan, but for the competitiveness still questioned because so many problems from them. So this research was purposed to analyze the competitiveness of Indonesia shrimp commodity. The research had used quantitative and qualitative analysis. Quantitative analysis used to explain the grade of Indonesia shrimp commodity competitiveness by RCA (Revealed Comparative Analysis). Analysis for the influences factors of the competitiveness Indonesia shrimp export (for giant tiger and vanname shrimp) used OLS (Ordinary Least Square). Qualitative analysis used Porter’s Diamond Theory to analyze potency, problems, and chance which analyzed influence factors of competitiveness Indonesia shrimp commodity (the research objection was giant tiger and vanname shrimp). Indonesia shrimp commodity was produced from dyke (70%) and water sea haul (30%). In its production, for 95% to export and 5% was traded domestically especially in supermarket. At this time Indonesia shrimp which produced from dyke is doing by small trader (the masses) or industry, and less from sea water haul. The region of shrimp production in Indonesia are Java and Sumatra, Papua, a half Maluku, Kalimantan, and South Sulawesi waterseas. From them, Lampung was the major area of Indonesia shrimp production which had produced 40% from the total of national shrimp production. It also became the first area of shrimp production in world scale such as PT Dipasena and PT Centralproteinaprima activity. The market of Indonesia shrimp export was Japan (about 60%), USA (16.5%) and Europe (12.5%). The result of the research showed that Indonesia shrimp commodity has a high grade competitiveness or Indonesia had competitive advantage for its shrimp because the RCA mark was so high in tens. Including the analyzed of Porter’s Diamond Theory showed that Indonesia shrimp commodity had potency in factor condition such as the wealthy of shrimp resources, human resources, capital and superior infrastructure. But in knowledge and technology of Indonesia shrimp commodity still weak because of the less intensive technology system in shrimp production and export technology which not superior if compared with the competitor country
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Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3) Menggunakan Metode Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) dengan Variasi Kecepatan Putar (Rpm).
Abstrak: Film tipis merupakan salah satu aspek yang mendapat perhatian sangat besar dalam bidang material, karena film tipis merupakan material menarik yang memiliki sifat optik yang sangat tergantung pada konstanta dielektrik, indeks bias, dan energi gap. Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3 ) dapat digunakan sebagai pelapis pada film tipis karena memiliki sifat piezoelektrik, electrooptical, pyroelectrical dan photorefractive yang sangat baik. Film tipis Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3 ) ditumbuhkan menggunakan metode Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) dengan variasi kecepatan 3500 rpm, 5000 rpm, 6500 rpm, dan 8000 rpm. Metode ini memiliki keunggulan dapat mengontrol stokiometri film tipis dengan kualitas yang baik, prosedur yang mudah dan membutukan biaya yang relatif murah. Energi band gap yang dihasilkan dari film tipis Lithium Niobat (LiNbO3) berkisar antara rentang 2.1 eV – 2.8 eV dengan indeks bias berada pada rentang 2.18-3.2. Film tipis LiNbO3 memiliki parameter kisi a=b=5.54Ǻ dan c = 16.35 Ǻ. Struktur morfologi film tipis adalah permukaan yang homogen dan ukuran kristal berada pada rentang 0.417 μm – 0.680 μm.
Keyword: sifat optik, litium niobat, chemical solution deposition, kecepatan putar