Judul: Kriopreservasi Semen Kerbau Lumpur (Bubalus bubalis) dalam Pengencer Tris atau Skim Kuning Telur Menggunakan Krioprotektan Gliserol atau Dimetilformamida
Abstrak: Inseminasi buatan (IB) adalah salah satu teknologi reproduksi yang efektif dan dapat diterapkan secara luas di lapangan untuk meningkatkan populasi ternak kerbau. Kualitas semen beku merupakan salah satu faktor yang menentukan keberhasilan program IB. Kualitas semen beku kerbau di Indonesia saat ini masih terbilang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan gliserol dan dimetilformamida (DMF) sebagai krioprotektan dalam pengecer Tris dan Skim kuning telur untuk pembekuan semen kerbau lumpur. Semen ditampung dari dua ekor kerbau lumpur berumur 7 dan 10 tahun menggunakan vagina buatan. Semen segar dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis dengan rata-rata volume sebanyak 2.34 ml, berwarna krem, memiliki konsistensi encer hingga sedang, gerakan massa ++, motilitas spermatozoa 70.35%, viabilitas spermatozoa 83.21%, keutuhan membran plasma 83.78%, abnormalitas spermatozoa 15.34%, dan konsentrasi sebanyak 1 154 × 10⁶ spermatozoa mlˉ¹. Semen kerbau dibekukan dalam pengencer Tris dan Skim kuning telur dengan tambahan krioprotektan gliserol atau DMF masing-masing 4%, 5%, 6% dan 7%. Konsentrasi optimal penggunaan DMF adalah 5% baik dalam pengencer Tris maupun Skim kuning telur dengan motilitas setelah pembekuan masing-masing sebesar 46.41±1.21% dan 40.44±1.01%, viabilitas 67.65±1.32% dan 55.95±1.04%, keutuhan membran plasma 69.35±1.05% dan 57.41±1.09%, serta recovery rate 65.95±1.70% dan 57.50±1.24%. Penggunaan 7% gliserol dalam pengencer Tris maupun Skim kuning telur menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan motilitas setelah pembekuan masing-masing sebesar 45.25±1.37% dan 42.33±1.36%, viabilitas 68.41±1.02% dan 61.52±1.42%, keutuhan membran plasma 69.58±1.16% dan 62.41±1.47%, serta recovery rate 64.27±1.91% dan 60.19±1.67%. Gliserol 7% dan DMF 5% memiliki kemampuan yang baik dalam melindungi spermatozoa selama pembekuan. Penggunaan DMF lebih dari 5% berdampak negatif terhadap spermatozoa. Selain dapat mencegah pembentukan kristal es, DMF juga dapat mengikat glutation. Kerusakan sel pada penggunaan DMF cukup banyak disebabkan oleh stres oksidatif kerena menurunnya kadar glutation seluler. Penggunaan gliserol dengan konsentrasi kurang dari 7% menunjukkan daya krioprotektif yang kurang optimal untuk pembekuan semen kerbau. Penggunaan pengencer Tris kuning telur menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan pengencer Skim kuning telur. Hal ini diduga akibat kurangnnya kemampuan protein susu dan kuning telur (5%) dalam pengencer skim untuk menekan aktivitas protein PDC-109 dari plasma semen sehingga banyak fosfolipid dan kolesterol yang terlepas dari membran plasma. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan gliserol 7% dan DMF 5% menunjukkan kualitas semen beku kerbau terbaik.
Keyword: dimetilformamida, gliserol, kerbau lumpur, krioprotektan, spermatozoa

Judul: Kriopreservasi Semen Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) Menggunakan Pengencer Tris-kuning telur dan Tris-soya dengan Modifikasi Karbohidrat dan Krioprotektan Berbeda
Abstrak: Artificial Insemination (AI) is known as a technology to improve the genetic quality of goats in Indonesia. AI in goat is still limited in its practical use; this is related to a variety of constraints, which one of those would be the guarded quality of frozen semen. The quality of frozen semen is determined by various factors, including the freezing techniques, the diluents and cryoprotectants. Buck frozen semen produced by AI centers usually use Tris-egg yolk (TEY) diluent. Egg yolk of animal origin has been recognized as a highly potential media allowing transfer microorganism to female tract through AI. Therefore, some research studies have been focusing to find another diluents using soy extract as an alternative of diluent. Preservation of buck semen using soy extract contains plant phospolipid has not been well studied. Dissacharide (trehalose) or trissacharide (raffinose) acts as an energy source as well as an extracellular cryoprotectants in diluents of frozen semen; these would aid in protecting the sperm during freezing process. Dimethylformamide (DMF) has smaller molecules than glycerol may act as a beneficial cryoprotectant when it is added into the diluents, showing a better effect in protecting the sperm membrane during freezing. This study was conducted in two steps: 1) Preserved liquid semen using tris-egg yolk (TEY) and tris-soya (TS) diluents with either trehalose and raffinose supplementation; 2) Produced frozen semen using TEY and TS with supplementation of the combination showing the best results in step 1. Both diluents used DMF and glycerol as the cryoprotectants. Semen were collected from three sexually mature bucks using artificial vagina, evaluated and divided into six aliquot treatment groups. Each of aliquot diluted with TEY and TS supplemented with 50 mM trehalose or raffinose, which contain 50x106 sperm concentration per 0.2 mL volume. All of them kept in refrigerator in 5°C. The progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane intact (PMI) were evaluated every 12 hours up to the time when only 50% of sperm display motility. The combination of trehalose or raffinose based showing the best results in analysis during the step 1 was added with TEY and TS diluents, supplemented with glycerol and DMF cryoprotectants in frozen semen process. Extended semen were kept in minitub straw, containing 100x106 sperm/0.25 mL. Equilibration time was 4 hours in 5°C, then freeze in N2 vaporated for 10 minutes in styrofoam box. The result showed that semen quality from three bucks were good, such as the average of volume was 1.29±0.21 mL, creamy and thick in consistency. The concentration was 3608.33±657.70x106/mL, motility was 77.78±2.56%, viability was 85.13±4.38%, PMI was 77.72±3.52% and abnormality was 7.51±2.88%. The motility of sperm kept in liquid semen diluents, TEY supplemented with trehalose or raffinose gave better result, it can be maintained sperm motility up to 50% for 72-84 hours, compared to TS diluent (48-60 hours) (P<0.05). TEY diluent supplemented with trehalose can maintained sperm motility longer (52.82±3.21%) for 84 hours, compared to raffinose supplementation (51.78±4.41%) and control (51.11±4.86%) for 72 hours. The viability of sperm evaluation showed 6-9% higher than sperm motility percentage, while the percentage of PMI gave similar percentage
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Judul: Solusi Problem Gaussian Pairing Dalam Basis Osilator Harmonik Menggunakan Teori Perturbasi Dan Metode Numerik
Abstrak: This study aims to determine the profile of the energy and the wave function of a harmonic oscillator system under the effect of a Gaussian potential. This function can be used to model such fermions. The solution of this problem can be described by more efficiently using a perturbation theory based on the harmonic oscillator. The first four levels of energy and the wave function has been described using the analytical method and Numerical Methods . These results are displayed in graphical form . Wave function is shown in graphic form relation between the wave function and atomic distance, whereas energy shown in the form of relation between energy and the pairing constant g. From the graph shows that the ground state and the first excitation energy of the system will decrease with increasing pairing constant g, whereas for the higher excitation energy of the system increases with increasing pairing constant g. This is because when the system is in the ground state and the first excitation, the system tends to be localized in one place, whereas at higher excitation , the system will often be not only in one place, but some places are indicated by the peaks of density of system . Energy system obtained from the analytical and numerical methods haven’t significant. This is mean that to analize a higher excitation state can use numerical methods such as Numerov Method and Shooting Method to be more efficient
Keyword: Shooting Method, Harmonic Oscillator, Numerov Method, Gaussian Pairing