Judul: Pengklonan Gen Kitinase Bakterial Menggunakan Teknik Mutagenesis Transposon Dan DNA Pelacak Heterologus
Abstrak: Enzim kitinase bakteri banyak dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai aspek, antara lain untuk mengkonversi kitin menjadi produk turunannya yang berguna dan bernilai ekonomi tinggi. Selain itu biodegradasi kitin ini juga penting untuk mengendalikan cendawan patogen dan serangga hama tertentu yang sensitif terhadap kitinase. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua rangkaian percobaan yaitu (1) pengklonan gen kitinase bakteri isolat CS, (2) penapisan dan pengklonan gen kitinase isolat bakteri asal tanah. Sedangkan tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengisolasi gen kitinase dari bakteri isolat CS dengan memanfaatkan transposon Tn5-mini, (2) mengisolasi dan mengklon gen kitinase bakteri asal tanah dengan memanfaatkan DNA pelacak heterologus, dan (3) mempelajari ekspresi gen kitinase pada E. coli DH5α. Analisis sekuen 16S-rDNA pada isolat CS memperlihatkan bahwa isolat CS paling sekerabat dengan Aeromonas sobria. Mutagenesis transposon menggunakan pUT mini-Tn5 Km1 pada A .sobria CS menghasilkan tiga mutan yang tidak mampu lagi membentuk halo pada medium Agar Kitin dengan frekuensi transkonjugasi sebesar 7.59 x 107. Ketiga jenis mutan ini telah diverifikasi dengan PFGE (Pulsed - Field Gel Electrophoresis ) dan diberi nama chil, chi4 dan chi6. Dari hasil analisis hibridisasi Southern pada masing-masing genom mutan dengan menggunakan gen Km' dari plasmid PUC4K sebagai pelacak, diperoleh fragmen DNA yang membawa transposon hasil potongan Enzim….dst
Keyword: Etknik mutagenesis transposon, DNA pelacak heterologus, Kitin dan Kitinase, Elemen Loncat, Genetika Bakteri

Judul: Konstruksi Fusi Transkripsi Gen Kitinase dari Aeromonas caviae dan Ekspresinya pada Pseudomonas fluorescens
Abstrak: Penelitian tentang gen kitinase dan pemanfaatannya telah banyak dilakukan. Gen kitinase berpotensi antara lain untuk mengkonstruksi agens biokontrol terhadap Pendawan patogen tanaman, selain untuk dimanfaatkan dalam studi regulasi dan ekspresi gen, serta proses degradasi kitin. Gen kitinase yang diisolasi dari Aeromollas caviae rnasih belurn banyak dilaporkan jika dibandingkan dengan laporan tentang gen kitinase dari Serratia marcescens. Studi tentang kloning gen kitinase secara fisi transkripsi telah dilaporkan, namun sumber gen kitinase yang digunakan adalah gen kitinase dari S. marcescens. Di dalam penelitian ini gen kitinase (chi) dari A. cavzae isolat WS7b yang diklon pada vektor berbasis pUC (pWS506) oleh peneliti sebelumnya, telah disekuens, dan sekuens nukleotida yang diperoleh diialisis dengan mernbandingkan dengan kitinase yang telah ada di database.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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