Judul: The Potential of Bacteriophage as Biocontrol Agents againts Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales: Literature Review
Abstrak: Enterobacterales resisten carbapenem atau yang dikenal dengan Carbapenem Resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) merupakan resistensi antibiotik yang memiliki tingkat mortalitas tinggi. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah ketersediaan pengobataan alternatif yang terbatas. Bakteriofag telah banyak diteliti bahwa memiliki potensi sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap bakteri patogen. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi dan efikasi bakteriofag sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap CRE serta mengulas berbagai kajian bakteriofag sebagai alternatif pengendali CRE, efikasi, dan potensi pengembangannya di masa depan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelusuran literatur pada tiga database yaitu PubMed, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Penelusuran dilakukan dengan menggunakan istilah pencarian bacteriophage atau phage, carbapenem resistant, dan therapy. Judul dan abstrak diseleksi kemudian dilakukan duplikasi dan karakter inklusi disertakan sebagai studi dasar. Hasil ulasan menunjukkan bakteriofag mampu menghambat pertumbuhan CRE secara in-vitro dengan kisaran inang yang sempit hingga luas. Pengujian bakteriofag terhadap CRE juga dilakukan dengan menggunakan hewan uji dan seluruh studi menunjukkan bakteriofag mampu menghambat pertumbuhan CRE secara in-vivo. Berdasarkan hasil ulasan, meskipun terdapat berbagai keterbatasan, bakteriofag memiliki potensi sebagai agen biokontrol terhadap Enterobacterales resisten carbapenem di masa depan., Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales or CRE is an antibiotic resistance that has a high mortality rate. One of the causes is the limited alternative treatment. Bacteriophages have been widely used as biocontrol agents for antibiotic resistance because of their specific activity in infecting bacteria. Many studies of bacteriophages as potential agents in inhibiting the growth of CRE have been published. Synthesis of various literatures can allow for the evaluation of the potential of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents against CRE . Therefore, this overview aimed to evaluate the potential and efficacy of bacteriophages as potential therapy against CRE and review various studies of bacteriophages as alternative CRE controllers, their efficacy, and the potential for future. The method used in this study is literature search on three databases which are PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. The search was carried out using the terms bacteriophage or phage, carbapenem resistant, and therapy. Titles and abstracts were selected and duplication is conducted. Selection based on the entire text is then carried out and literature that meets the inclusion character is included as the basic study of the study. The results of the review showed that bacteriophages was able to inhibit the growth of CRE in vitro with a narrow to wide host range. Bacteriophage testing for CRE was also carried out using test animals and all studies showed that bacteriophages were able to inhibit the growth of CRE in-vivo.. Based on the results of the review, despite various limitations, bacteriophages have potential as biocontrol agents against carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales in the future.
Keyword: antibiotic, CRE, overview, phage, resistance

Judul: Potency of Plantaricin from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as Control of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria: Literature Review
Abstrak: Resistensi bakteri patogen bawaan makanan terhadap antibiotik merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan di dunia. Eksplorasi berbagai strategi telah dilakukan termasuk pengembangan potensi plantarisin sebagai alternatif pengganti antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengulas perkembangan penelitian dan aplikasi plantarisin sebagai agen antibakteri patogen bawaan makanan. Koleksi data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka dan diolah menggunakan metode literature review. Literatur ditelusuri melalui ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, dan ResearchGate. Mekanisme penghambatan dilakukan dengan menyerang membran sel target baik bersifat bakteriolitik maupun bakteriostatik. Berbagai uji in vivo dan in vitro telah dilaporkan dan menunjukkan potensi plantarisin dalam bidang biopreservasi hingga kandidat alternasi antibiotik untuk menyerang bakteri patogen., The resistance of foodborne pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics is one of the major health problems in the world. Various strategies have been explored, including the potential development of plantaricin as an alternative to antibiotics. This study aimed to review the development ofresearch and application of plantaricin as an antibacterial agent for foodborne pathogens. Data collection was carried out by literature studyand processed using a literature review method. Literature wassearched through ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, and ResearchGate. The mechanism of inhibition is carried out by attacking the target cell membrane, both bacteriolytic and bacteriostatic. Various in vivo and in vitro assays have been reported and demonstrated the potential of plantaricin in the field of biopreservation and a candidate for alternative antibiotics to attack pathogenic bacteria.
Keyword: bacteriocin, plantaricin, resistance of bacteria, literature review

Judul: Formulasi Hamiltonian untuk Menggambarkan Gerak Gelombang Soliter Dimensi Tiga di Permukaan Laut
Abstrak: Gelombang permukaan adalah gelombang yang terjadi perbedaan rapat massa antara air dan udara. Salah satu gelombang permukaan yang ditinjau adalah gelombang soliter. Formulasi gelombang soliter dilakukan dengan menggunakan formulasi Hamiltonian.
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