Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The focus of this study is the devetopment of a sustainable water resource utilization model through proper water priCing regime in the DKI Jakarta region, in accordance With cost of treatment at the firm (pAM Jaya) and conservation of water resources at the up-stream catchment areas. The objectives of this study are: (1) to buill and test the behavior of water supply and demand over time, (2) to conduct the optimizatiOn model the time variable, and (3) to formulate alternative of scenarios water resource management policy v.flich will give an optimum benefit and win con5efVe the water resource. Two methods are used in this research: First, the econometric analysis was applied to construct the water suppty and demand dynamicalfy. Second, the dynamic optimization was carried out to analysis the total benefi1s accrued to stakehokiers given the constraints on water supply and water pricing mechanism. Results of the study show that demand for water in urban area is greater than its supply and water supply has experienced a decreasing retum to scale. The water price is specified by ftat price which does not capture the nature of water scardty, because it is not related to economic consideration, especially, related to adjustment between investment. operation, and maintenance cost.. to contrast, marginal price has shown the scarcity of water resource and by intemaIizing the cost of externality in .the up-stream and water fee in the fonn of provision value of water (NPA). Another resuH suggests that the benefit of an optimum utilization of ground and surface water resource at baseline modeJ. reached about Rp. 141.128 billion for the last period, with demand growth at 4.7 percent The gromdwater stock. Of aquifefS inDKI Jakarta witl decrease by half in 2008, afterwards the treatment of surface water will become Vert intensive, and very costly, so that the price of potable water witl be expensjve, Finally. the study shows that the market based scenarios generates more benefit and a longer time path of planning to meet the growth of demand and the available stock d water resources will be decreased in 2039.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Selama ini, strategi pertumbuhan ekonomi regional Indonesia dan kebijakan sektoral terkait masih belum mempertimbangkan aspek keberlanjutan pengelolaan lingkungan hidup. Konsekuensi empiriknya dari kondisi demikian adalah banyak dijumpai dampak negatif yang tidak diharapkan baik dalam bentuk kerusakan lingkungan maupun semakin terbatasnya sumber daya alam yang dapat dimanfaatkan. Hal ini terlihat dari beberapa kasus penebangan hutan yang tidak terkendali menyebabkan kerusakan kawasan hutan, erosi tanah, dan degradasi daerah tangkapan air yang dapat menimbulkan keterbatasan ketersediaan air sepanjang tahun. Fenomena kerusakan kawasan hutan menimbulkan semakin terbatasnya ketersediaan air sepanjang tahun dalam memenuhi berbagai kebutuhan baik untuk domestik, pertanian beririgasi, industri maupun kebutuhan umum lainnya. Terdapat kecenderungan bahwa menurunnya ketersediaan air irigasi menyebabkan produktivitas pertanian beririgasi, khususnya padi sawah menjadi menurun dari tahun ke tahun.
Keyword: Soft system methodology, Irrigation Commision, Community participation, West Java

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship