Judul: Identifikasi dan Biologi Kutudaun [Homoptera : Aphididae] Pada Brassicaceae Liar Nasturium heterophyllum BL, Nasturtium indicum (L.) DC dan Cardamine hirsuta L.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kutudaun (Homoptera : Aphididae) yang hidup pada tumbuhan liar yaitu N. heterophyllum, N. indicum dan C. hirsuta, mengamati morfologi, siklus hidup, keperidian, lama hidup imago, preferensi dan pertumbuhan populasi kutudaun tersebut pada ketiga spesies tumbuhan di atas.
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Judul: Biologi kutu daun (Homoptera: Aphididae) pada wortel (Daucus carota L.)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi kembali spesies kutudaun itu, mengetahui siklus hidup dan keperidian serta pertumbuhan populasinya. Pada penelitian siklus hidup dan keperidian, tanaman wortel varietas Lokal Cipanas yang berumur kurang lebih satu bulan diinokulasi dengan satu ekor nimfa instar pertama. Pengamatan siklus hidup dilakukan setiap hari sejak inokulasi sampai kutudaun beranak untuk pertama kali. Setiap hari dilakukan pengamatan terhadap eksuvia yang dilepaskan oleh nimfa kutudaun. Setelah pengamatan eksuvia tersebut dibuang. Pengamatan keperidian dilakukan setiap hari sejak kutudaun yang berasal dari percobaan siklus hidup melahirkan untuk pertama kali sampai kutudaun tersebut mati. Setiap hari nimfa yang ada dihitung dan kemudian dibuang. Pada penelitian populasi, tanaman wortel yang berumur kurang lebih satu bulan diinokulasi dengan tiga ekor nimfa instar pertama. Penghitungan banyaknya kutudaun dilakukan setiap tiga hari, sampai penghitungan yang kesepuluh kalinya.
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Judul: Production and formulation of methyl ester sulfonate-based surfactant from palm olein for enhanced oil recovery application
Abstrak: The remaining oil in a reservoir that cannot be produced using the natural driving force (primary recovery) is about 50 to 80% of the initial oil volumes (IOIP). A secondary recovery technique such as waterflooding can only increase the recovery as much as 5 to 20% of the IOIP. Therefore, a method known as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) has to be implemented in the reservoir in the effort to recover much more oil. One of the EOR methods is surfactant injection. The injection of surfactant solution is aimed to significantly reduce the capillary forces in the reservoir by lowering the oil-water interfacial tension within the pore spaces. Once the capillary force is diminished, the reservoir oil is much easier to be displaced and moved toward the production wells. This is an excellent opportunity to develop a type of vegetable oil-based surfactants. One of potential surfactant types to develop is methyl ester sulphonate surfactant (MES). This study was aimed at producing MES surfactant and formula-based methyl ester sulfonate surfactant from palm olein to be applied for in the process of improving oil recovery using carbonate formation fluids. Results of the study showed that the best condition was achieved in a sulphonation process done in 3-4 hours with the flowrate of dry air of 1.8 kg/hour and a purification performed without the addition of methanol in a pH of 8. The best MES surfactant-based formula for EOR applications on the formation of carbonate was the one with the composition of 0.3% MES surfactant, 0.3% Na2CO3, and 15,000 ppm salinity. MES surfactant produced from this formula had more heat resistance, higher salinity, and higher hardness than the commercial surfactants did. Results of the performance test of surfactant-based formula showed that the MES surfactant formula was compatible with formation water and injection water. The formed phase was a lower phase which was relatively stable on a heating up to day 77 (reservoir temperature of 70 and 112 °C) with a range of interfacial tension of 10-2 dynes/cm. The adsorption reached 152.86 μg active matter/g core and the incremental oil recovery using synthetic core of 8-19% and using native core of 9.1%. Surfactant solution coreflooding test with bottom-up flow direction resulted in a greater oil recovery (16%) than that with top-down flow direction. This was caused by the influence of gravity.
Keyword: Palm Olein