Judul: Effect of Compression Ratio on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Oriented Strand Board Made from Sengon Wood (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen)
Abstrak: Kayu berat jenis (BJ) rendah secara umum memiliki banyak kekurangan dibandingkan BJ sedang dan tinggi. Pembuatan Oriented Strand Board (OSB) menjadi salah satu solusi pemanfaatan kayu BJ rendah. Oriented Strand Board merupakan papan komposit dari susunan strand yang diorientasi tegak lurus antar lapisan dan direkatkan menggunakan perekat thermosetting eksterior. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku kayu sengon. Rasio kompresi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas OSB, sehingga perlu diketahui nilai rasio kompresi optimum OSB kayu sengon. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi karakteristik OSB kayu sengon pada berbagai rasio kompresi. Strand diberi perlakuan steam diberi tekanan 0,14 MPa selama satu jam. Oriented Strand Board dibuat dengan ukuran papan (30×30×0,9) cm3 dengan rasio kompresi 1,05; 1,18; 1,32; 1,45; dan 1,58 menggunakan perekat phenol formaldehyde 10%. Pengujian OSB mengacu pada standar JIS A 5908: 2003 tentang papan partikel dan nilainya dibandingkan dengan standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). Hasil menunjukkan rasio kompresi 1,58 memiliki karakteristik sifat fisis dan mekanis OSB kayu sengon paling baik diantara yang lain., Low specific gravity wood has many disadvantages compared to medium and high specific gravity wood. The manufacture Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is the solution to the utilization of low specific gravity wood. Oriented Strand Board is a composite board consisting of strands oriented perpendicularly between layers and glued with exterior thermosetting adhesive. This research uses sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcatria L. Nielsen) as raw material. Compression ratio is one of the factors that affect the OSB quality, so it is necessary to know the optimum value of compression ratio on OSB sengon wood. The objective of this study was to evaluate OSB characteristics of sengon wood at various compression ratios. Strands were treated with steam with 0,14 MPa pressure for one hour. Oriented Strand Board is made with a board size (30×30×0,9) cm3 with 1.05; 1.18; 1.32; 1.45; and 1.58 compression ratio using 10% phenol formaldehyde adhesive. The OSB test refers to the JIS A 5908: 2003 standard and its value is compared to the CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1) standard. The results show that the compression ratio of 1.58 has the best physical and mechanical characteristics of OSB among others.
Keyword: Kayu Sengon, Rasio Kompresi, Sengon Wood, Compression Ratio, Oriented Strand Board, OSB

Judul: Effect of Compression Ratio on Physical and Mechanical  Properties of Oriented Strand Board Wood Mangium  (Acacia mangium Wild.) with Preliminary Treatment  Steamed
Abstrak: Oriented Strand Board merupakan sebuah produk alternatif pemanfaatan jenis kayu cepat tumbuh. Pada umumnya jenis kayu cepat tumbuh memiliki nilai berat jenis yang rendah. Kayu yang digunakan adalah kayu mangium (Acacia mangium Wild.) dengan berat jenis 0,315. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh rasio kompresi berbagai tingkat terhadap karakteristik OSB kayu mangium. Taraf rasio kompresi yang digunakan yaitu 1,32;1,45 dan 1,58. Strand kayu mangium diberi perlakuan dikukus pada suhu 126℃ dengan tekanan 0,14 MPa selama 1 jam. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis mengacu pada standar JIS A 5908 (2003) yang hasilnya dibandingkan dengan standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rasio kompresi memberikan pengaruh terhadap kualitas OSB. Rasio kompresi 1,58 menghasilkan OSB dengan sifat fisis yang lebih baik dari rasio kompresi 1,38 dan 1,45. Peningkatan rasio kompresi menyebabkan peningkatan sifat fisis dan mekanis OSB. Secara keseluruhan, karakeristik OSB pada rasio kompresi 1,58 memenuhi standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1), terkecuali pada beberapa parameter sifat mekanis yaitu pada nilai MOE sejajar serat, MOE tegak lurus serat dan Internal Bonding., Oriented Strand Board is an alternative product using fast growing wood species. In general, fast-growing wood species have low specific gravity values. The wood used is mangium wood (Acacia mangium Wild.) with a specific gravity of 0,315. This study aims to analyze the effect of various levels of compression ratio on the OSB characteristics of mangium wood. The level of compression ratio used is 1,32; 1,45 and 1,58. Strands of mangium wood were treated by steaming at a temperature of 126 with a pressure of 0,14 MPa for 1 hour. Testing of physical and mechanical properties refers to the standard JIS A 5908 (2003) which results are compared with the standard CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). The results showed that the compression ratio had an effect on the quality of OSB. The compression ratio of 1,58 produces OSB with better physical properties than the compression ratio of 1,38 and 1,45. An increase in the compression ratio leads to an increase in the physical and mechanical properties of OSB. Overall, the OSB characteristics at a compression ratio of 1,58 meet the CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1) standard, except for some mechanical properties parameters, namely the MOE parallel to the fiber, MOE perpendicular to the fiber and Internal Bonding.
Keyword: Mangium wood, Compression ratio, OSB, Steamed

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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