Judul: Karakterisasi Peptida Bioaktif Hasil Hidrolisis Susu Kambing dengan Protease Lactobacillus plantarum S31.
Abstrak: Susu kambing merupakan salah satu bahan pangan yang kandungan proteinnya cukup tinggi, sehingga berpotensi menghasilkan peptida susu yang bersifat bioaktif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan bobot molekul, aktivitas antibakteri serta antioksidan peptida bioaktif hasil hidrolisis susu kambing dengan protease L. plantarum S31. Hidrolisat susu kambing ditentukan bobot molekulnya dengan SDS-PAGE dan ditentukan aktivitas antiokidan dengan metode DPPH serta aktivitas antibakteri dengan metode difusi. Hidrolisat susu kambing menghasilkan peptida bioaktif baru dengan berat molekul 61 kDa, 35 kDa, 8 kDa, 6 kDa, dan 5 kDa. Hasil pengujian antioksidan terhadap hidrolisat susu kambing menunjukkan bahwa fraksi 11 mempunyai aktivitas tertinggi, dengan persen penghambatan sebesar 29% ± 0.005. Hasil pengujian terhadap antibakteri menunjukkan fraksi 11 lebih efektif dalam menghambat EPEC K11 (2.25 mm) dan L. monocytogenes (2.5 mm), sedangkan fraksi 7 lebih efektif dalam menghambat S. aureus (2 mm).
Keyword: antibakteri, DPPH, L. plantarum S31, peptida bioaktif, protease, susu kambing

Judul: α-Glucosidase and α-Amylase Enzyme Inhibitors from Protein Hydrolysis of Etawa Goat’s Milk
Abstrak: Susu kambing memiliki sifat yang lebih mudah dicerna oleh tubuh daripada susu sapi karena partikel lemaknya lebih kecil. Produksi susu kambing rata-rata telah mengalami peningkatan dari tahun ke tahun dan mencapai 18,7 juta ton pada tahun 2017, menunjukkan potensi besar untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut. Namun, penelitian mengenai peptida bioaktif dalam susu kambing masih sangat terbatas. Susu kambing memiliki kadar protein sebesar 4,17-4,56% yang dapat menjadi sumber peptida bioaktif ketika dihidrolisis secara enzimatik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase dan α-amilase peptida bioaktif dari susu kambing Etawa yang dihidrolisis menggunakan enzim papain dan menganalisis profil protein. Susu kambing dihidrolisis menggunakan enzim papain yang dilarutkan dalam buffer fosfat pH 7 dengan aktivitas 1,48 ± 0,04 U/mg pada suhu 55°C dengan variasi waktu hidrolisis 1 jam, 4 jam dan 24 jam. Hidrolisat dianalisis kadar protein, profil protein, aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase dan α-amilase. Hidrolisat dengan waktu hidrolisis 24 jam memiliki aktivitas inhibitor α-glukosidase dan α-amilase terbaik, yaitu sebesar 65,63% dan 59,75%. Hasil ini naik sebesar 105% dan 113% dari susu non-hidrolisis. Profil protein yang diamati dengan SDS-PAGE menunjukkan penambahan enzim akan menghidrolisis pita protein 87 dan 31 kDa, menyisakan protein dengan berat 16 dan 11 kDa.
Keyword: antidiabetes, papain, peptida bioaktif, SDS-PAGE, susu kambing

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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