Judul: Inokulasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu benih cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) serta efisiensi penggunaan pupuk P
Abstrak: Pepper production has not been achieving optimal results although demands are increasing. The low production of pepper is partly because the use of seed that has not qualified in quantity and quality. Besides that, pepper is cultivated on the marginal soil such as Ultisol. Nutrient availability, such as P, within the marginal soil is very limited whereas there is high fixations of P. Phosporus provide the important role to increase the quality and production of the seeds. One of the efforts to boost the availability and to make the using of P efficient is inoculating Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF). This research is aimed to isolate indigenous AMF from hot pepper plant rhizosphere, effective AMF selection, and to examine AMF effectiveness in enhancing production and quality of pepper seeds while the use of fertilizer whether or not efficient was then observed. Research conducted contains of four experiments which each experiment links to another. Those are: [1] Isolation, characterization and purification of AMF for three places of hot pepper plantation; [2] Selection of AMF effective in increasing the growth of hot pepper; [3] Examination of AMF effectiveness in boosting up the production and quality of pepper seeds and using efficiency of P fertilizer, [4] Plant response to inoculation inoculum of indigenous mixed AMF and AMF Mycofer. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry IPB, Forests and Environmental Biotech Laboratory, Research Centre for Biological Resources and Biotechnology IPB, and the PPPPTK Pertanian greenhouse. The soil samples were observed coming from the three planting sites rhizosphere hot pepper. Selections are made to the effective AMF isolates from single spore culture results and AMF Mycofer from laboratory Biotech Forest and Environment, Research Centre for Biological Resources and Biotechnology IPB. Testing the effectiveness of using the design plots are divided (split-split plot) in a Randomized design pattern, with three factors and three replications. The main plot is hot pepper cultivar: Laris type from Panah Merah and Tegar from Surabumi. The sub plot is the inoculant arbuscular mycorrhizae which are uninoculated and inoculated of Mycofer AMF 100 spores per seedling. The sub-sub plot are some level of P205 dose: without fertilizer P and with 100 kg/ha of P2O5, 125 kg/ha P2O5, 150 kg P2O5. Experiment of plant response to inoculation of indigenous mixed AMF and Mycfer AMF was arranged in split plot design, the main plot: hot pepper cultivar. The sub plot is the inoculant arbuscular mycorrhiza: uninoculated, inoculated of Mycofer AMF 100 spores per seedling, and inoculated of indigenous mixed AMF. The results showed that the pepper rhizosphere is found in three genus nine species spores i.e. two species of Glomus, three species of Gigaspora and four species of Acaulospora. Based on a single spore culture, it was found that only three species that can grow and develop properly; one species of Glomus spores (Glomus sp-1), one species of Gigaspora (Gigaspora sp-1) and one species of Acaulospora (Acaulospora sp-3). The three species of these spores are propagated for experimental material II. In AMF effective selection, spores of Mycofer showed better results than
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Judul: Efforts to Increase Productivity of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea) Against Acid Stress through Inoculation of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas pemberian fungi mikoriza arbuskula terhadap peningkatan produktivitas pada tanaman kembang telang (Clitoria ternatea) dengan level cekaman masam yang berbeda. Penelitian ini didesain menjadi 2 penelitian. Penelitian I: Efektivitas fungi mikoriza arbuskula terhadap pertumbuhan benih tanaman kembang telang (Clitoria ternatea), II: Efektivitas fungi mikoriza arbuskula. Penelitian I didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4 x 4 dengan 20 ulangan. Faktor A adalah perlakuan pemberian FMA terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu tanpa pemberian FMA, FMA Gigaspora margaritha, FMA Acaulospora tuberculata, dan FMA Glomus manihotis. Faktor B adalah perlakuan level pH terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, dan pH 6. Penelitian II didesain menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4 x 3 dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor A adalah perlakuan pemberian FMA terdiri dari 4 perlakuan yaitu tanpa pemberian FMA, FMA Gigaspora margaritha, FMA Acaulospora tuberculata, dan FMA Glomus manihotis. Faktor B adalah perlakuan level pH terdiri dari 3 perlakuan yaitu pH 4, pH 5, dan pH 6. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan analisis varian (ANOVA), jika ada signifikansi akan diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Duncan. Penelitian I terdiri dari parameter daya tumbuh, tinggi vertikal tanaman, berat kering tajuk, dan berat kering akar. Penelitian II terdiri dari parameter perubahan derajat kemasaman, kolonisasi akar, tinggi vertikal, klorofil daun, jumlah daun, berat kering tajuk, berat kering akar, dan warna bunga. Hasil penelitian I menunjukkan bahwa inokulasi FMA belum mampu meningkatkan adaptasi dan produksi kembang telang pada pH 3 dan pH 4 pada fase persemaian. FM Acaulospora efektif mempertahakan peningkatan parameter tinggi vertikal dan berang kering tajuk tanaman kembang telang fase persemaian hingga level pH 4. Hasil penelitian II menunjukkan bahwa Pemberian FMA pada level pH berbeda dengan pemberian dosis pupuk 50% memberikan kondisi produktivitas yang sama terhadap pemberian kontrol dengan dosis pupuk 100%. Pemberian FMA seiring penurunan level pH tidak menunjukkan efektivitasnya terhadap produktivitas tanaman kembang telang. Inokulasi FM acaulospora level pH 6 memberikan hasil yang terbaik terhadap produktivitas tanaman kembang telang., This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of giving arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to increase productivity in butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) with different levels of acid stress. This research was designed into 2 studies. Research I: Effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on the growth of butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) seeds, II: Effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Research I was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) 4 x 4 factorial pattern with 20 replications. Factor A was the treatment of FMA consisting of 4 treatments: without FMA, FMA Gigaspora margaritha, FMA Acaulospora tuberculata, and FMA Glomus manihotis. Factor B was the pH level treatment consisting of 4 treatments: pH 3, pH 4, pH 5, and pH 6. Research II was designed using a completely randomized design (CRD) 4 x 3 factorial pattern with 5 replications. Factor A was the treatment of FMA consisting of 4 treatments: without FMA, FMA Gigaspora margaritha, FMA Acaulospora tuberculata, and FMA Glomus manihotis. Factor B is the pH level treatment consisting of 3 treatments, namely pH 4, pH 5, and pH 6. Data were analyzed using
Keyword: acid stress, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, butterfly pea

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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