Judul: Projection of Bogor City Green Open Space Area and Spatial Distribution Pattern Requirement
Abstrak: A growing number of inhabitant of the Bogor City increase urban space requirements, this broad impact on the reduction of green open spaces (greenery) yearly. Proportion of greenery in accordance with National Act No. 26 of 2007 on spatial planning in urban areas, representing 30% of the city area. Bogor occupies 11.850 ha, and need as consisting of 20% of city areas (± 2.370 ha) public green open space and 10% private green open space (±1.185 ha). In the next year, to avoid land-use change with green open space becomes more awake, it is needed to find the method to justify the priority of green open space to be conserved. This study calculated the appropriate green space to meet the needs of the urban population and total oxygen demand of the city. Calculation of the projected need for green space based on population was conducted by using population data and timeseries population projection in the year to be calculated. Calculation the need for green open space based on oxygen requirement was conducted by employing population data, number of livestock, the number of motor vehicles and the number of industries located in Bogor City, where the unit of analysis was per sub district. Estimated population of Bogor City in 2030 will be 1.428.488 inhabitants, and need greenery as much as 361,4 ha. Details of projected population and the need for green spaces as follows: (1) South Bogor Sub District, 269.070 inhabitants and 68,07 ha; (2) East Bogor, 151.362 inhabitants and 38,29 ha; (3) North Bogor, 238.372 inhabitants and 60,31 ha; (4) Central Bogor, 115.449 inhabitants and 29,21 ha; (5) West Bogor, 371.615 inhabitants and 94,02 ha; and (6) Tanah Sareal, 282.620 inhabitants and 71,50 ha. The projected requirements for greenery in accordance with the requirements of oxygen is 943,73 ha. It is distributed to South Bogor district 188,65 ha, East Bogor Areas 94,38 ha, North Bogor area 169,85 ha, Central Bogor area 103,71 ha, West Bogor 207,76 ha, Tanah Sareal area 179,39 ha. The final result of this research is a map of the direction and the distribution of green space in each district in Bogor City, where distribution is based on existing land use, with emphasis on the use of land with a low value of land rent, namely vacant land, shrubs and trees.
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Judul: Perubahan Penggunaan/Penutupan Lahan dan Keterkaitannya dengan Luas Ruang Terbuka Hijau ( Studi Kasus Kota Bogor )
Abstrak: The presence of a city has a goal to meet the needs of the population in order to survive and continue living and improve quality of life. However, with the development of a city, there are some fairly complicated urban problems to overcome. Rapid increase in population accompanied by an increase in income per capita has resulted in the need for land to meet the needs of food, clothing, and shelter. Urban developments lead to negative consequences for the environment. Urban environment tends to develop economically and decline ecologically where the city tends to lead to physical development such as infrastructure development. This research was conducted to analyze the change of land use/land cover of Bogor City period 2000-2011, analyzed the level consistent/inconsistent RTH development based on RTRW Bogor City allotment, and analyzed the level of development of Bogor City based on the RTH condition. Land use/land cover in Bogor City in 2000 and 2011 divided into land use/land cover of land classified as RTH and Non-RTH. Land use/land cover which is classified as RTH such as paddy, upland fields, botanical garden, sport fields, public cemeteries, trees, and bushes. While land use/land cover which is classified as non RTH such as bare soil, pools, situ, rivers, settlement, build non settlement (industry, state palace, health area, educations area, station and terminal, commerce area, offices roads, railway stations, and road). Distribution of land use/land cover in the City of Bogor both in 2000 and 2011, dominated by settlements, paddy, and trees. The size of settlements hectares increased from 4.469,9 Ha to 5.289,8 Ha, the large of paddy decreased from 2.904 Ha to 2.452 Ha, and the area of trees decreased from 2.341,2 Ha to 2.108,1 Ha. Settlements experiencing the largest increase due to 360,3 Ha consequence paddy conversion. Appropriateness criteria based RTRW divided into consistent, undeveloped consistent, and inconsistent. The large of land use/land cover which is consistent with the designation is 6.352,2 Ha, undeveloped consistent is in the amount of 5.300 Ha, while the inconsistent is in the amount of 41,6 Ha. The 5 greatest inconsistency occurred in the area should be designated as an agricultural area, but has been 11,3 Ha settlement. Bogor City has 7 villages which belong to the hierarchy I, 22 villages belonging to the hierarchy II, and 39 villages belonging to the hierarchy III. Based on the calculations of data, the large percentage of Bogor City green open space is 46,6% where the area with the hierarchy I has the RTH by 3,4%, 11.4% hierarchy II, and 31,8% hierarchy III. While connected to the level of inconsistency, the region of hierarchy I, there are inconsistencies in large of land use/land cover of 0,2%, 0,3% hierarchy II, and hierarchy III by 0,4%.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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