Judul: Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Tersubstitusi Silikon Menggunakan Metode Presipitasi Berbantukan Iradiasi Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Hidroksiapatit merupakan material yang banyak digunakan sebagai implan tulang. Sifat bioaktif hidroksiapatit terhadap pertumbuhan tulang dapat ditingkatkan dengan substitusi ion silikon pada struktur hidroksiapatit. Sintesis hidroksiapatit tersubstitusi silikon dilakukan dengan metode presipitasi berbantukan iradiasi gelombang mikro. Sumber kalsium diperoleh dari hasil kalsinasi cangkang telur bebek, sumber fosfor diperoleh dari asam fosfat dan sumber silikon diperoleh dari tetraethyl orthosilicate. Hidroksiapatit tersubstitusi silikon yang telah disintesis, dikarakterisasi menggunakan XRD dan SEM EDAX. Hasil XRD menunjukkan bahwa hidroksiapatit dan hidroksiapatit tersubstitusi silikon mempunyai ketepatan parameter kisi lebih dari 99%. Hidroksiapatit yang disintesis mempunyai rasio Ca/P 1.68 sedangkan hidroksiapatit tersubstitusi silikon yang disintesis mempunyai rasio molaritas Ca/(P+Si) sebesar 1.33. Substitusi ion silikon pada struktur hidroksiapatit dapat memperkecil ukuran hidroksiapatit. Hasil karakterisasi EDAX menunjukkan bahwa ukuran partikel dari hidroksiapatit yang tersubstitusi silikon sebesar 103 nm sedangkan ukuran partikel hidroksiapatit tanpa substitusi silikon sebesar 209 nm.
Keyword: Hidroksiapatit, iradiasi gelombang mikro, hidroksiapatit tersubstitusi silikon, SEM EDAX, XRD

Judul: Sintesis Hidroksiapatit Berbasis Cangkang Kerang Kepah (Polymesoda Erosa) Dengan Metode Presipitasi
Abstrak: Hidroksiapatit (HAp) adalah material sintetik yang dapat dijadikan implan ke dalam tubuh manusia. Sintesis HAp dilakukan dengan cara mereaksikan CaO dari cangkang kerang kepah dengan sumber fosfat (NH4)2HPO4 menggunakan metode presipitasi pada suhu sintering 900 oC selama 5 jam dan waktu kalsinasi selama 12 jam. Karakterisasi EDX menghasilkan output berupa grafik dan daftar unsur penyusun HAp. Setelah pengujian menggunakan AAS diketahui kadar kalsium cangkang kerang kepah sebesar 5% dari massa total. Berdasarkan hasil analisis XRD menunjukkan kemurnian dari sampel HAp sebesar 73%. Ketelitian parameter kisi a = b yaitu sebesar 99% dan parameter kisi c yaitu 99% serta persentase derajat kristalinitas sebesar 88%. Karakterisasi FTIR menghasilkan spektra serapan gugus PO4 3-, OH- dan CO3 2- yang merupakan penyusun dari HAp. Sementara uji SEM memperlihatkan morfologi dari sampel HAp.
Keyword: AAS, cangkang kerang kepah, hidroksiapatit, presipitasi, XRD

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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