Judul: Pengembangan Model Pemanfaaatan Hutan Untuk Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Wilayah dan Peningkatan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Secara Berkelanjutan
Abstrak: Fundamental law of forest notifies that deforestation was done by the forest concessionaires will influence to the traditional community around the forest, that is their activities, their living condition, and also to the regional (Jayapura) economic growth. Forest rehabilitation, guidance, and counseling activities in the community that was done by the forest concessionaires was not match to their objectives, thus the report documentatio~l was not fulfill to the target of this activities. Forest protection rules for the comm~~niwtye lfare have not shown significantly changes to the community and forest sustainability. Analysis with Social Accounting Matrix Model (SAM) was shown that the forest management in Jayapura had negative impact to the income of rural community, and indirectly to the economic growth of Jayapura regency. By micro approach shown the correlation between educa-t ion, informal institution, with community income and welfare. Thus, forest management needs participation from traditional community, goverment and forest concessionaires in term of economic growth and community welfare.
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Judul: Community based protection forest management program in kesatuan pemangkuan hutan perhutani bandung selatan : analysis of economic household behaviors
Abstrak: The Island of Java is inhabited by more than 60 % of Indonesian population. Imbalanced redistribution of population and land control has caused pressure to the environment, particularly the natural resources. A breakthrough to overcome the degradation of environment resulted from the population desperate need for land is a Community Based Forest Management Program (CBFMP) which provides the community with opportunity to develop agroforestry activities in the forest. The objectives of this research consist of : (1) to analyze the factors that influence the economic decision by households in time allocation for work, production, income, and expenditure, (2) to make a simulation of the effect of changes in the external and internal factors on households’ economic behaviors, and (4) to analyze the institutional aspects related to partnership contract in CBFMP. The analysis consisted of two household economic models, namely, CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle. Alternative policies were simulated in econometric models in the form of simultaneous equations consisting of 13 structural equations and 15 identity equations for the model of Coffee CBFMP, and 14 structural equations and 20 identity equations for the model of Grass and Cattle CBFMP. The method of Two-stage Least Squares (2 SLS) was used to estimate the parameters of structural equations. The research analyzed 12 simulation scenarios consisting of 12 external factors change (policy factors) impact. In general, Scenario 9 (the combined scenarios of the decreased debt rate with the increased price of input and labor wages) and Scenario 5 (the combined scenarios of the increased price of output with the increased price of input and labor wages) can be recommended as the best policy to empower the community around the forest (CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle) for the reason that it can accommodate the interests of various parties, namely: (1) the interest of community by increasing income and welfare, (2) government’s interest by improving agricultural productivity and securing vital projects in the upstream downstream of watershed area, (3) the interest of Perum Perhutani by preserving its protection forest, and (4) the importance of environment by the reduction of natural resource degradation. In addition, from the results of institutional analysis, it is recommended that the institution of CBFMP require improvement at the micro level, i.e. building a more mutually beneficial partnership contract between farmers taking part in CBFMP and Perum Perhutani.
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Judul: Influenza Specific Immunoglobulin Y Purification from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Precipitation Method
Abstrak: Imunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) yang terdapat dalam kuning telur telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk imunoterapi dan imunodiagnostik. Salah satu kendala dalam pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur adalah pemisahan Ig dengan lemak, sehingga teknik pemurnian Ig selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan menggunakan sodium chloride (NaCl) serta melakukan karakterisasi IgY spesifik influenza. Sodium chloride dipilih karena bahan kimia ini relatif murah, ramah lingkungan, dan tidak merusak imunoaktivitas IgY. Kuning telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Flubio® yang berisi virus Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 dan B/Washington. Pemurnian IgY hanya dilakukan pada kuning telur yang mengandung antibodi spesifik influenza. Deteksi keberadaan antibodi spesifik influenza ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP) dan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Konsentrasi IgY hasil pemurnian dihitung dengan spektrofotometer dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Konsentrasi protein dari hasil pemurnian IgY memiliki nilai rata – rata 50,403 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan enam pita protein, yaitu struktur IgY utuh (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), rantai berat IgY (66,54 kDa), Fab ( 47,65 kDa), rantai ringan IgY (21,85 kDa), dan β-livetin (36,74 kDa). IgY hasil pemurnian masih dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza berdasarkan uji ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian IgY menggunakan metode pengendapan NaCl dapat memurnikan IgY dengan struktur utuh, meskipun masih ada dua protein tidak spesifik hasil pemurnian. IgY yang dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza mengindikasikan prospek pemanfaatannya untuk pencegahan influenza dan imunodiagnostik., Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) contained in egg yolk has been widely used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. One of the obstacles in IgY purification from egg yolk is separating Ig from fat, so that IgY purification techniques are always developing. This study aimed to purify IgY from egg yolk using sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method and to characterize influenza-specific IgY. Sodium chloride was chosen because this chemical is relatively unexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not impair IgY immunoactivity. The egg yolks used in this study were collected from layer eggs vaccinated with the Flubio® influenza vaccine, which contains the Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B/Washington viruses. IgY purification was only carried out on egg yolks containing influenza specific antibodies. The presence of influenza-specific antibodies was determined by the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The purified IgY concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, and protein characterization was performed using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Protein concentration from purification has a mean value of 50,403 mg/mL . SDS-PAGE result showed six protein bands, namely intact IgY structure (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), IgY heavy chain (66,54 kDa), Fab (47,65 kDa), IgY light chain (21,85 kDa), and β-livetin (36,74 kDa). The purified IgY still able to bind with influenza antigen based on the ELISA test. The results of this study indicate that purification of IgY using the NaCl precipitation method can purify IgY with intact structure, although there are still two unspecific proteins in the purification results. The resulting IgY can bind to influenza antigens indicating the
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, influenza, egg yolk, purification, sodium chloride