Judul: Pengeringan Lada Putih (Piper nigrum Linn.) Menggunakan Oven Gelombang Mikro (Microwave Oven)
Abstrak: Peranan lada dalarn perekonomian Indonesia terbilang penting, yaitu sebagai komoditas ekspor non migas penghasil devisa. BPEN (2001) mencatat pada tahun 2000 porsi Indonesia dalarn nitai ekspor lada dunia sebesar 32.21 %. Masalah yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara pengekspor lada adalah pencemaran mikroba serta menurunnya minyak atsiri akibat pengolahan. Pengeringan merupakan metode yang efektif untuk pengolahan produk pertanian. Peranan pengeringan dielektrik, dengan menggunakan gelombang elektromagnetik langsung ke posisi molekul air dapat mengurangi kerusakan produk.
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Judul: Pengeringan biji lada(Piper nigrum Linn) secara absorsi dengan kapur api(CaO)
Abstrak: Lada merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah terpenting yang memberikan devisa bagi Indonesia sebagai salah satu produsen utama Lada, khususnya lada putih dan lada hitam (Wahid et. al, 1989). Perkembangan pemasaran lada ekspor Indonesia pada beberapa tahun belakangan ini banyak mengalami "claim" atau penahanan dari FDA. Alasan penahanan antara lain adalah karena terdapatnya cemaran mikroorganisme, jamur, kotoran serangga dan kotoran tikus, tingginya kadar air dan penurunan kadar minyak atsiri yang dikandungnya. Pengeringan dengan sinar matahari seringkali mengha- silkan lada dengan mutu kadar air yang belum memenuhi syarat, sedangkan pengeringan dengan menggunakan mesin pengering dapat menurunkan mutu kandungan minyak atsirinya bila suhu pengeringan kurang terkontrol dengan baik. Upaya pengeringan secara absorpsi dengan kapur api diterapkan untuk memperbaiki kualitas lada kering yang dihasilkan terutama dalam memenuhi standar mutu kadar air dan mempertahankan mutu minyak atsiri yang dikandung biji lada. Manfaat penelitian ini ditujukan kepada petani lada dan para eksportir agar dapat memanfaatkan batu kapur sebagai salah satu alternatif bahan pengering lada dalam menghasilkan produk lada yang baik dan memenuhi kriteria ekspor. Laju pengeringan lada segar lebih besar daripada lada kering petani jika dikeringkan dengan metode absorpsi dan dengan metode oven. Penurunan kandungan minyak atsiri lada segar dan lada kering petani yang dikeringkan dengan metode absorpsi lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan metode oven dan perbedaan ini berbeda nyata. Laju pengeringan lada segar menggunakan metode ab- sorpsi dengan 2 rak pengering lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan 1 rak pengering. Penurunan kandungan minyak atsiri lada selama pengeringan berlangsung untuk kedua perlakuan ini tidak berbeda nyata.
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Judul: Influence of parent-child attachment and teacher-student attachment to build self esteem in progressive and conventional school advisor
Abstrak: Self esteem is one’s ability to evaluate him/herself with the award for him/herself and indicates the extent to which a person believes that he/she is capable, meaningful, successful, and worthwhile. High self esteem is characterized by self-confidence and liveliness of children in socializing with the environment. A factor that affects the process of building self esteem is the relationship between parents and children. The relationship is described by mother's sensitivity to respond to signals that the child gives. The immediate or delay respond and, right or wrong respond will affect the relationship in the long term, it is referred to as attachment. The attachment between teacher and student was also expected to influence child’s self esteem. In general, this study was aimed to analyze the influence of the parentchild attachment and teacher-student attachment in building school-age students’ self esteem. This was cross-sectional study, consisting of 5 elementary schools selected purposively recommended by Head of Department of Education in Depok City. The criteria of selected school were homogeneous and characterized as progressive and conventional schools. Thirty students’ families were selected randomly from the fourth and the fifth grade. Total sample were 150 families. Data was collected using questionnaires which is filled by student. The questionnaires are were Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI) to measure parentchild attachment, The Student – Instructor Relationship (SIRS) to measure teacher-student attachment and Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) to measure child selfesteem. Data was edited, coded, entried into the computer, cleaning the data, and then analyzed. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical analysis. Inferential statistical analysis used Spearman and Pearson correlation test, Chi Square, t-test, and linear regression. The result showed that most of the students had high self esteem both in conventional and progressive school’s students. In term of parent-child attachment, showed that care attachment was higher than overprotection attachment on both types of schools, but maternal overprotection attachment from conventional schools was higher than progressive schools. The result also showed that connectedness of teacher-student attachment was higher than anxiety. Spearman correlation test revealed that there were correlation between maternal care attachment and high self-esteem, also between maternal overprotection attachment and low self esteem on both type of schools. There were correlations between connectedness teacher-student attachment and high students’ self esteem, also between anxiety teacher-student attachment and low students’ self esteem on both types of schools. Overall, students’ self esteem was influenced by the attachment between teacher and student. The more anxiety between student and teacher it is likely, the lower student’s self esteem. Maternal care attachment influenced to higher self esteem of child, meanwhile the more overprotection the maternal attachment, the lower self esteem of child. Type of schools had no influence in building child’s self esteem.
Keyword: parent-child attachment, teacher-student attachment, self esteem, progressive school, and conventional school