Judul: Isolation, characterization and medium optimization for production of active compound produce by endophytic fungi inhibiting breast cancer cell MCF-7 proliferation
Abstrak: An endophytic fungus is the fungus that lives in close association with living plant tissues. Medicinal endophytic fungi are one group of prospecting endophytic fungi. These fungi reported producing secondary metabolite which has structure and activity similar with the host plant. In this study; isolation, characterization and medium optimization for the production of active compound produced by endophytic fungi from medicinal plant originated from East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara has been conducted. Seventy five endophytic fungi have been isolated from 34 medicinal plants that consist of 57 isolate from leave sample and 18 isolate from stem. The result showed that colonization endopyhitic fungi in leave (70%) was higher compared to stem (32%) from total samples. Thirty six isolates from total 75 isolates were screened for citotoxicity against Artemia salina using brine shrimp lethality test method. First screening using 1000 mg/L concentration of crude extract showed that 9 extracts were active out of 108 extracts assayed. Further screening for the 9 active extracts using LC50 showed that ethyl acetate extract from fungus ENLT 74.3d.2 was the most active compared to the others with LC50 of 30,21 mg/L. Fungus ENLT 74.3d.2 was isolated from Cibotium barometz and morphological descript as Curvularia lunata. This active fungus was deposited and labelled as BioMCC FE-00283. Active compound purification of endophytic fungi C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283 was conducted by bioassay guided. Preliminary bioassay of the extract and fractions was conducted by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, while citotoxicity of the pure active compound was conducted by MTT assay against human carcinoma breast MCF-7 cell. First purification of active compound was done by coloumn cromatography using silica gel 60 as stationary phase and eluted by step gradient method using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol subsequently. Further purification was done by HPLC using C18 column and eluted by gradient system of acetonitril water from 15% up to 100% for 25 minutes. Bioassay showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active (LC50 = 4.69 mg/L), while the pure compound from HPLC on concentration 5 mg/L could inhibit 28 % proliferation of MCF-7. Elucidation of formula and structure using spectroscopy IR, LC-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS-MS resulted that active compound of endophytic fungi C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283 is 8-hydroxy 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8-HODE) which molecule formula is C18H32O3. Glucose, monosodium glutamate and corn oil were media components which showed significant effect toward 8-HODE production by C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283. Composition optimization of these three medium components was performed by RSM and full factorial CCD was used design the experiment. Maximum 8-HODE production predicted by the quadratic model was 11.78 mg/L; which was verified experimentally to be 10.78 ± 0.872 mg/L and had rendement (YP/S) 0.001. This maximum 8-HODE production reached in media composition that consist of 5.87 g/L glucose, 11.05 g/L monosodium glutamate and 1.00 ml/L corn oil. Eventhough experimentally verification showed lower result compared to model prediction, however it was higher compare to 8-HODE production using basal media which only reach concentration 0.491 ± 0.072 mg/L and rendemen 4.879 x 10-5. This verification showed that optimization increased 8- HODE production
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Judul: Identification of Active Compounds in Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Soursop Leaf and Its Potential as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Abstrak: Kapang endofit daun sirsak memiliki aktivitas antikanker payudara dengan menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker MCF-7. Sel ini mengekspresikan reseptor estrogen khususnya reseptor estrogen α. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa aktif kapang endofit daun sirsak dan menentukan potensinya sebagai antikanker payudara melalui penghambatan reseptor estrogen α. Metode penelitian meliputi ekstraksi kapang endofit, identifikasi senyawa aktif dengan LC-MS/MS, dan studi in silico menggunakan reseptor estrogen α. Terdapat 44 senyawa yang berhasil teridentifikasi dengan waktu retensi yang beragam dan sebanyak 15 senyawa berpotensi sebagai antikanker payudara karena kemampuannya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan memicu terjadinya apoptosis pada sel kanker. Studi in silico menunjukkan senyawa 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione memiliki efek inhibisi terbaik dengan nilai ∆G sebesar -8.3 kkal/mol. Simpulan penelitian ini adanya kemampuan dari ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak dalam menghambat reseptor estrogen α, Endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaves has anticancer activity due to its ability to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells. This cell express estrogen receptor, especially estrogen receptor α. This study aimed to identify the active compound in endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaf and determine the potential as an anticancer of breast cancer through estrogen receptor α inhibition. The method of the research included endophytic fungi extraction, identification of active compound using LC-MS/MS, and in silico study used estrogen receptor α. There are 44 active compounds that are successfully identified with various retention times and 15 compounds has potential as anticancer due to their ability to inhibit the growth and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. In silico study showed that 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione has the best inhibition with ∆G values is -8.3 kcal/mol . The conclusion of this study is the ability of the extract of endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaf to inhibit estrogen receptors α.
Keyword: breast cancer, endophytic fungi, estrogen receptor, soursop leaves

Judul: Identifikasi Kejadian Banjir Rob (Pasang) di DAS Sunter pada 9-13 Januari 2008.
Abstrak: Banjir Rob merupakan fenomena meluapnya air laut ke daratan, istilah tersebut pertama kali dikenal di daerah Semarang. Fenomena banjir Rob dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut. Pasang surut sendiri dipengaruhi gravitasi bulan dan matahari, serta dipengaruhi pula posisi bulan dan matahari terhadap bumi. Banjir ini biasa terjadi pada saat pasang air laut yaitu bertepatan dengan kejadian bulan baru dan bulan purnama. Pada bulan Januari 2008, di wilayah utara Jakarta yang berbatasan dengan laut, fenomena banjir Rob (pasang) melanda kawasan tersebut. Fenomena ini mengakibatkan sejumlah kawasan di wilayah utara Jakarta terendam air laut, hal ini diperburuk dengan penurunan muka tanah Jakarta. Selain dilanda banjir pasang air laut, kawasan utara Jakarta sering dilanda banjir akibat luapan sungai-sungai yang bermuara di Jakarta, salah satu sungai yang menyumbang banjir Jakarta adalah sungai Sunter. Tutupan lahan di DAS Sunter yang sebagian besar berupa pemukiman makin meningkatkan limpasan permukaan ketika terjadi hujan. Tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 di perairan Teluk Jakarta sedang terjadi pasang air laut karena bertepatan dengan bulan baru yang mengakibatkan terjadinya banjir Rob di beberapa wilayah di Jakarta Utara, termasuk DAS Sunter. Berdasarkan pemetaan banjir Rob di DAS Sunter pada tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 diketahui bahwa daerah yang tergenang air laut yaitu Kalibaru dan Marunda dengan tinggi genangan 48-72 cm. Luas genangan maksimum terjadi pada tanggal 11 Januari 2008 yaitu sebesar 66.000 m2. Pada tanggal 9-13 Januari, DAS Sunter tidak ikut menyumbangkan limpasan permukaan yang dapat menyebabkan banjir karena nilai limpasan permukaan berkisar 0-3,03 mm. Sehingga kejadian banjir pada tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 di DAS Sunter hanya berasal dari pasang air laut. Kata Kunci : Banjir Rob, Pasang-Surut, Limpasan Permukaan, DAS Sunter.
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