Judul: Physicochemical Characteristics of Lanolin Lip Balm with Beetroot Extract (Beta vulgaris L.)
Abstrak: Lip balm merupakan lilin substansi yang dioles atau diaplikasikan pada bibir. Pengunaan lip balm yaitu memberikan efek melembapkan pada bibir dan melindungi pengaruh buruk lingkungan pada bibir, agar bibir sehat dan menarik tidak pecah-pecah atau tidak mudah kering. Komponen atau basis utama dari lip balm adalah lilin lebah, lanolin, dan minyak jarak. Komponen lain dalam formula sediaan yaitu buah bit. Buah bit merupakan buah yang mampu memberikan efek yang dapat mencegah bibir pecah- pecah, karena buah bit memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fisik dan kimia lip balm lanolin yang mengandung ekstrak buah bit (Beta vulgaris L.) dengan konsentrasi berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan konsentrasi 0%, 15%, 20%, dan 25% ekstrak buah bit (Beta vulgaris L.). Uji yang dilakukan adalah uji fisik nilai pH, daya oles, titik leleh, dan analisis tingkat kelembapan yang dilakukan kepada dua orang panelis. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lip balm dengan penambahan konsentrasi ekstrak buah bit yang berbeda, berpengaruh terhadap pH dan titik leleh yang menurunkan nilai pH dan menaikkan titik leleh, namun tidak mempengaruhi homogenitas dan daya oles, serta kelembapan., Lip balm is a waxy substance that is smeared or applied to the lips. The use of lip balm is to provide a moisturizing effect on the lips and protect the bad influence of the environment on the lips, so that the lips are healthy and attractive not chapped or dry easily. The main components or bases of lip balms are beeswax, lanolin, and castor oil. Another component in the dosage formula is beetroot. Beetroot is a fruit that is able to provide an effect that can prevent chapped lips, because beets have antioxidant activity. This research was conducted to analyze the physical and chemical characteristics of lanolin lip balm containing beetroot extract (Beta vulgaris L.) with different concentrations. The study was conducted using concentrations of 0%, 15%, 20%, and 25% of beetroot extract (Beta vulgaris L.). The tests carried out were phy sical tests, pH values, greasing power, melting points, then analysis of the humidity level which was carried out on 2 panelists. The results showed that lip balm with the addition of different concentrations of beetroot extract, affect the pH and melting point which lowers the pH value and increases the melting point, but does not affect the homogeneity and greasiness, and humidity.
Keyword: buah bit, lanolin, lip balm

Judul: Physicochemical and Organoleptic Characteristics of Lip balm with Different Percentages of Ginger Torch Flower (Etlingera elatior) Extract
Abstrak: Lip balm biasanya digunakan pada bibir yang membutuhkan perlindungan, seperti saat kelembapan rendah atau suhu dingin untuk mencegah penguapan air dari sel-sel epitel mukosa bibir. Bahan utama lip balm adalah minyak, lemak atau lanolin, dan lilin. Bahan lainnya adalah ekstrak bunga kecombrang yang bersifat antioksidan dan antibakteri untuk mencegah bibir kering dan iritasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik fisikokimia dan organoleptik lip balm dengan persentase ekstrak bunga kecombrang yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan persentase 0%, 1,5%, 2,5%, dan 3,5% ekstrak bunga kecombrang. Uji yang dilakukan adalah homogenitas, titik leleh, daya oles, kelembapan, nilai pH, dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan persentase ekstrak bunga kecombrang menurunkan nilai pH dan titik leleh serta berpengaruh nyata terhadap mutu organoleptik pada warna dan tekstur. Kesimpulannya adalah persentase ekstrak bunga kecombrang 0% dan 1,5% merupakan sediaan paling aman dan efektif digunakan untuk memperbaiki kelembapan., Lip balm is commonly used on lips that require protection, such as during periods of low humidity or cold temperatures, to prevent the evaporation of water from the epithelial cells of the lip mucosa. The main ingredients of lip balm are oils, fats or lanolin, and wax. Another ingredient is ginger torch flower extract, which possesses antioxidant and antibacterial properties to prevent dryness and irritation of the lips. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical and organoleptic characteristics of lip balm with varying percentages of ginger torch flower extract. The research was conducted using percentages of 0%, 1,5%, 2,5%, and 3,5% ginger torch flower extract. Tests conducted included homogeneity, melting point, spreadability, moisture content, pH value, and organoleptic evaluation. The research results indicate that the differing percentages of ginger torch flower extracts reduces the pH value and melting point, and significantly impact the organoleptic quality in terms of color and texture. In conclusion, ginger torch flower extract percentages of 0% and 1,5% represents the safest and most effective formulation for improving moisture.
Keyword: ginger torch flower extract, lanolin, lip balm

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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