Judul: Pembangunan Protokol Secret Sharing pada Metode Watermarking untuk Audio Digital
Abstrak: Digital watermarking is a technique to insert information, usually called a watermark, into digital data. The inserted information in general shows the ownership of digital data in order to copyright protection. Existing methods of digital watermarking can only deal with the copyright protection from only one owner. Joint ownership of a digital audio is proposed by adopting a secret sharing scheme in audio watermarking. This study discusses the implementation of Shamir's secret sharing scheme in the joint ownership for digital audio watermarking, including protocols for the insertion (embedding) watermark and protocols for detection ownership process (detection) watermark that meets one of the goals of cryptography is confidentiality. Furthermore, the owner of a digital audio referred to as the participants and the outcome of the process of secret sharing scheme is called shares. Performance of the method of Shamir's secret sharing scheme in the joint ownership watermarking for digital audio was tested by analyzing the properties of Shamir's secret sharing scheme and influence of the level of Lifting Wevelet Transform (LWT), which serves to form a region of the audio file to be inserted watermark, to the process of watermark insertion and watermark detection. This is because performing watermark detection requires the information of the level LWT that used to watermark insertion and LWT length where both of this informations may be known if we know the secret which is formed of shares owned by participants. The results show that joint ownership watermarking protocol that implements Shamir's secret sharing scheme provides confidentiality service where the process of insertion and detection requires a secret that formed by shares that are distributed to the participants confidentially. Thus Shamir's secret sharing scheme in the joint ownership for digital audio watermarking is one good solution to the problem of joint ownership of a digital audio because of the insertion and detection process involving all participants who are the owners of digital audio.
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Judul: Digital Audio Watermarking Implementasion using Mixed Region of Interest Audio and Binary Image as Watermark.
Abstrak: The growth of networking technology and the growth of digital multimedia have made copyright protection as an important issue. Digital audio watermarking is proposed to overcome this issue. The use of mixed ROI audio and binary image as watermark is a method for copyright protection and tampering localization. ROI audio is generated from host audio in certain length and binary image is encrypted using chaos logistic map. Both ROI audio and encrypted binary image are mixed to be hidden in host audio. Before they are hidden, the host audio has to be decomposed in several levels using LWT. The value of mixed ROI audio and encrypted binary image will replace the value which is generated by LWT to reconstruct the watermarked audio. The watermarks can be extracted from watermarked audio using independent component analysis and some inversed steps. The watermarked audio which is tampered can be localized after some stages of watermark extraction. The quality of watermarked audio is measured using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the values of SNR from some experiments are above 20 dB. It means that the quality of watermarked audio is good. The quality of extracted binary image is measured using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and the result shows that there is not any difference between the original binary image and the extracted binary image. Signal processings on watermarked audio is implemented to analyze how robust this method is. They are resampling, requantizing, low-pass filter, and white noising. The experiments show good results. Keywords: audio watermarking, tampering localization, independent component analysis (ICA), lifting wavelet transform (LWT), region of interest (ROI), signal to noise ratio (SNR), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR)
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Judul: Biologi penggerek batang jagung
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dan rumah kaса. Pengamatan di rumah kaca hanya dilakukan terhadap stadium larva dan perilaku larva. Untuk pengamatan siklus hidup dan longevity dilakukan di laboratorium dengan waktu pengamatan setiap hari. 0. furnacalis mempunyai siklus hidup 31 hari, dengan mengalami empat kali pergantian kulit pada stadium larva. Masing-masing instar mempunyai umur dan perilaku makan yang berbeda. Instar pertama merusak daun dengan memakan jaringan daun dan lama stadium instar pertama adalah 2.6 hari. Perilaku instar kedua sama dengan instar pertama, sedangkan lama stadium instar kedua adalah 3.2 hari. Instar ketiga mulai menggerek bagian batang yang lunak ataupun tulang daun lama stadium instar tiga yaitu 3.5 hari. Pada instar empat dan lima, larva menggerek batang jagung maupun tongkol jagung. Berturut-turut masing-masing instar mempunyai umur 4.5 dan 4.9 hari . Perubahan instar ditandai dengan pergantian kulit. Instar pertama mempunyai panjang tubuh 1.5 mm, lebar tubuh 0.3 mm dan diameter kepala 0.3 x 0.1 mm. Pada instar kedua panjang tubuh larva adalah 2.4 mm, lebar tubuh 0.3 mm dan diameter kepala 0.3 x 0.2 mm. Pada instar tiga, panjang tubuh larva yaitu 4.9 mm, lebar tubuh 0.5 mm dan diameter kepala 0.5 x 0.3 mm. Sedangkan panjang tubuh larva instar empat adalah 11.5 mm, lebar tubuh 1.6 mm dan diameter kepa- la 1.7 x 1.5 mm. Instar lima mempunyai panjang tubuh 15.9 mm, lebar tubuh 2.3 mm dan diameter kepala 2.1 x 2.0 mm. Ukuran maksimum larva dewasa adalah 25 mm. Stadium pra pupa Ostrinia adalah 2.6 hari sedang stadium pupa 7.8 hari. Panjang tubuh pupa 12.8 mm, lebar tubuh pupa 3.1 mm. Imago betina lebih besar daripada imago jantan. Lama hidup imago betina adalah 10.3 hari sedang lama hidup imago jantan adalah 11.8 hari. Mortalitas telur terlihat tinggi, jumlah telur yang dihasilkan satu ekor imago betina adalah 82 butir. Stadium telur berkisar antara 3-4 hari. Gejala serangan yang berat terlihat pada bagian tangkai malai, sehingga Ostrinia lebih merugikan secara kuantitas daripada kualitas.
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