Judul: Analisa fungsi produksi dan efisien usaha pada peternakan itik di kecamatan juntinyuat kabupaten indramayu
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di kecamatan Juntinyuat, kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat. Waktu penelitian berlangsung dari bulan Maret sampai dengan April 1984. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan fungsi produksi dugaan dari usaha ternak itik rakyat dan menentukan tingkat efisiensinya. Selain itu juga untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai tingkat penerimaan, pengeluaran dan pendapatan peternak. Untuk itu dilakukan pengambilan contoh sebanyak 45 responden dengan metode acak sederhana. Peubah bebas dalam proses produksi yang dipilih yaitu X Jumlah ternak itik yang dipelihara (ST), X2: Total luas tanah yang dikuasai (Ha), Xz: Total biaya makanan (R), X : Luas kandang yang digunakan (m ), Χ: Jumlah tenaga kerja yang digunakan dalam satu tahun (HRP). Sedangkan peubah tergantung Y, yaitu Nilai penerimaan dari hasil penjualan telur selama setahun (p). Analisa terhadap hubungan peubah bebas dengan peubah tergantung menggunakan analisa fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas.
Keyword: 

Judul: Status Ketatalaksanaan serta Hubungan Beberapa Faktor Produksi Peternakan Itik di Kecamatan Jatibarang Kabupaten Indramayu
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan d i Desa Pawidean, Desa Kalimati, Desa Lobener dan Desa Malang Sumirang, Kecamatan Jatibarang, Kabupaten Indramayu; pelaksanaannya mulai tangg a l 1 Maret 1984 sampai tanggal 1 April 1984. Tujuan penelitian i n i adalah untuk mendapatkan gambaran mengenai keadaan ketatalaksanaan peternakan itik , mengetahui kemungkinan pengembangan peternakan itik di kecamatan Jatibarang dan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengruhi produktivitas peternakan itik di Kecamatan Jatibarang. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi kasus. Data primer dikumpulkan dari 45 petani peternak yang pemilikan itiknya lebih atau sama dengan 50 ekor. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan secara acak. Data sekunder dikumpulkan dari instansi dan Kantor Dinas yang ada kaitannya dengan penelitian ini .
Keyword: 

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis