Judul: Lalat Penghisap darah (Haematobia exigua de Meijere, 1903) pada  Sapi Sumba Ongole dan Musuh Alaminya.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jenis lalat yang dominan penghisap darah pada peternakan sapi Sumba Ongole dm mencari solusi dalam pengendaliannya, terutama pengendalian yang berhubungan dengan musuh alami lalat tersebut.
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Judul: Infestasi Lalat Penghisap Darah pada Kerbau di Musim Penghujan di Pusat Konservasi dan Pembibitan Kerbau Ciapus Bogor.
Abstrak: UPIK KESUMAWATI HADI dan SUPRIYONO. Lalat penghisap darah dapat menurunkan produktivitas ternak. Kehadiran lalat tersebut pada kerbau menimbulkan stres, menurunkan bobot badan dan berperan sebagai vektor penyakit pada ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui infestasi lalat penghisap darah pada kerbau dan korelasi antara kepadatan lalat dengan suhu, kelembaban, dan curah hujan. Jumlah kerbau yang diamati dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 5 ekor. Koleksi lalat penghisap darah di sekitar tubuh kerbau dilakukan dengan menggunakan sweeping net, sedangkan jumlah lalat yang menempel di tubuh kerbau dihitung dengan menggunakan counter. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis lalat penghisap darah yang banyak ditemukan adalah Stomoxys calcitrans dan Haematobia exigua. Lalat S. calcitrans lebih mendominasi dibandingkan dengan H. exigua baik di sekitar kerbau maupun yang menempel pada tubuh kerbau. Lalat S. calcitrans banyak menghisap darah pada regio kaki dengan rata-rata 25 lalat/regio/kerbau/jam pada kisaran 14 - 45 lalat, sedangkan H. exigua banyak menghisap darah pada regio kepala dan leher dengan rata-rata 24 lalat/regio/kerbau/jam pada kisaran 7 - 42 lalat. Korelasi antara kepadatan lalat dengan suhu diperoleh (r = - 0.448), kelembaban (r = - 0.095), dan curah hujan (r = 0.590). Kondisi ini terjadi karena penelitian dilakukan pada periode waktu yang singkat (musim penghujan).
Keyword: Haematobia exigua, infestasi, kerbau, korelasi, Stomoxys calcitrans

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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