Judul: Tropical Cyclone Activity during El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its Impact to Rainfall
Abstrak: El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sebagai faktor pengendali iklim yang memengaruhi kondisi cuaca dan iklim secara global, turut memengaruhi kejadian Siklon Tropis (TC). TC sebagai salah satu fenomena alam yang berbahaya juga memberi dampak terhadap kondisi cuaca di wilayah Indonesia yang lokasinya berdekatan dengan pusat pembentukan TC. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ENSO terhadap aktivitas TC di Western North Pacific (WNP) dan South Pacific (SP) serta menganalisis dampak TC terhadap curah hujan (CH) di Indonesia menggunakan analisis statistik. Parameter TC ditunjukkan dengan indeks ACE yang diuji dengan nilai ENSO dan CH. Pengaruh ENSO terhadap ACE signifikan di WNP dengan nilai r sebesar 0,62 sedangkan di wilayah SP tidak signifikan dengan nilai r 0,03. Korelasi yang kuat antara ENSO-ACE diakibatkan pergeseran pusat pembentukan TC ke arah Pasifik Tenggara yang meningkatkan akumulasi nilai ACE. TC berdampak pada penurunan CH di wilayah Indonesia bagian utara dan selatan. Terdapat korelasi signifikan antara ACE-CH di wilayah utara dengan r cukup kuat -0,47 sampai -0,5, sementara di wilayah selatan, pengaruhnya tidak signifikan dengan r sangat lemah yaitu -0,13 sampai 0,09. TC menyebabkan anomali arah angin yang membawa uap air menuju ke arah timur sehingga lebih sedikit uap air yang tersedia untuk presipitasi lokal di wilayah Indonesia., El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the main climate drivers affecting weather and climate conditions around the world, including Tropical Cyclone (TC). TC as one of the most dangerous natural phenomenon also affected the Indonesian region, especially in the area located near TC‟s basins. This study aims to analyze the effect of ENSO on TC‟s activities in Western North Pacific (WNP) and Southern Pacific (SP) and analyze the effect of TC on rainfall in Indonesia using statistical analysis. TC‟s parameter presented by TC‟s index, Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE). ACE value was tested with another parameters (ENSO index and rainfall) using correlation and significancy test. ENSO-ACE has strong correlation (r 0,62) in WNP region and very low correlation (r 0,03) in SP. The strong correlation of ENSO-ACE indices was due to shift eastward movement of the TC‟s genesis that increased the accumulation of ACE. WNP‟s ACE indices has moderate correlation (r -0,47 to -0,5) with rainfall in Northern Region, while SP‟s ACE index has very low correlation (r -0,13 to 0,09) with rainfall in Southern Region. When TC happened in El Nino years, the eastward TC genesis brought moisture air in Indonesia and reduced the local precipitation.
Keyword: Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE), rainfall, Southern Pacific      (SP), Tropical Cyclone (TC), Western North Pacific (WNP)

Judul: Analisis Variabilitas Curah Hujan Indonesia pada Kejadian ENSO
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the countries which experiences El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on rainfall variability. The purpose of this study included to investigate the Indonesian climate variations related to ENSO events and to understand the effect of ENSO on rainfall temporal distributions at Indramayu (6.35°LS, 108.32°BT) and Tabing (0.88°LS, 100.35°BT). Composite analysis method was used to reveal the trend of sea surface temperature anomaly, wind at 850 hPa, OLR and TRMM 3B43 rainfall data, whereas temporal and correlation analysis was used to observe rainfall and nino-3.4 index. When El Niño sea surface temperature anomaly (ASPL) maximum in October-December, 850 hPa wind backwards from west to east along with increased speed and deviation of OLR below the average values in central and eastern equatorial Pacific which indicates the accumulation of rain cloud. La Niña occurrence is indicated by the deviations of sea surface temperature below average. Low pressure center in Asia reached 850 hPa winds and strengthened Walker circulation, the movement of the air mass brought moisture to Indonesia. Based on the composite of TRMM rainfall, it appeared that the El Niño events gave more significant impact at the end of the year (October to December) on East Indonesia, Java and parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan, while La Niña (December to February) in south and eastern part of Indonesia. Monsoonal pattern (Indramayu) showed ENSO impacts more strongly than equatorial (Tabing). The shift of dry season and low rainfall were affected by ASPL fluctuations on nino-3.4 region.
Keyword: TRMM, SPL, Rainfall, OLR, ENSO

Judul: Synthesis and Characterization of Hydroxy-apatite with Controlled Pore
Abstrak: implant materials. Porosity hydroxyapatite can be formed using porogen hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ethylene glycol (EG), or polyethylene glycol (PEG). The pore size can be controlled by setting the concentration of porogen. The results of the characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the addition of porogen phase does not change the structure of hydroxyapatite, but changing the crystallite size and crystal strain. Increasing the concentration of porogen to 25% can increase the strain, crystallite size, and pore size. The degree of crystallinity of hydroxyapatite formation 0.75-0.83. Hydroxyapatite formed from 0.3 to 1.2 μm pore size, the largest pore is formed on the addition of polyethylene glycol porogen. Hydroxyapatite synthesized by addition and without addition of porogen does not contain heavy metals lead, cadmium, mercury, and arsenic
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