Judul: Pembukaan Lahan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Batang Toru, PTPN III (Persero) Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: The internship was conducted at Batang Toru Plantation PTPN III (Persero), South Tapanuli, North Sumatera from November 2011 until February 2012. The purposes of the internship is improve knowledge, gain work experience and studying the management aspects land clearing of oil palm, both technical and managerial aspects. The primary data were obtained directly from the field by doing discussions or interviews with the foreman and assistant division as well as through direct observation in the field. The secondary data were obtained from the company data or company records. Based on observation during the internship can be conclude that the main issues in land clearing oil palm is conducting enterpasing basically been done at wetlands, this is due to stage process and work capacity of land clearing. Field observations focused on the land clearing activities which includes several parameters : the stages of land clearing process and land clearing techniques are used, it relates to land condition, the condition of vegetation, land clearing techniques, equipment requirements and time sheet working that is obtained by comparing a standard operation of PTPN III (Persero) Plantation. PT Nusantara Plantation III (Persero) as plantation companies state-owned enterprises (BUMN), which seeks to expand oil palm plantations owned. Total land area of the concession rights of exploitation (HGU) plantation development area Batang Toru PT PTPN III (Persero) Tapanuli District is an area of 1 500 hectares by Regents consent decree South Tapanuli. Status of the land is the location permits a secondary forest and other land uses (APL). Entirely divided into 2 locations and 5 work packages groups of land with an area of each location I is 548.43 ha and 775.98 ha II locations. Land clearing palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) at Batang Toru Plantation, PTPN III (Persero), South Tapanuli, North Sumatra with the general condition of the area is the 67% of them in the form of coastal peatland with a depth of 1 – 2 m, while 33% of them are in dry area the form of land with the structure of clay soil, sand and dust. Land clearing technique used is fully mechanical engineering, non-burning and land clearing rules apply wet application of water management and road construction with the installation technique and overall gambangan in the management of most of peaty land in Batang Toru, South Tapanuli District, using standard procedures operation for peatland that has been poured in the No. Permentan. 14 of 2009. PTPN III (Persero) to cooperate with 3rd party (three) conduct land clearing by mechanical means to obtain efficient results. Occupation is conducted using a mechanical excavator with an average achievement 1 HK = 0.83 ha/HKT (8 BU/day), resulting in the complete work area 1 block area (30 ha) on average takes 37 HKT normal conditions without a hitch (weather, appliance repair).
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Judul: Manajemen Pemupukan Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pelantaran Agro Estate, PT. Windu Nabatindo Lestari, Bumitama Gunajaya Agro Grup, Kotawaringin Timur, Kalimantan Tengah
Abstrak: The apprenticeship in general aim to gain experience and skills of the author's work in the management of oil palm gardens both technical and managerial, as well as to study and improve the knowledge of the cultivation of oil palm plantations. Specific purpose studying and understanding the fertilizing management of plant oil palm. The internship is carried out in Pelantaran Agro Estate, Kotawaringin Timur, Central Kalimantan, for four months starting February 14 until June 14, 2011. The internship is carried out using the methods directly, namely by working directly on the field as a daily companion employee, a companion foreman, and escort the assistant division. Specific observation was done by taking the primary and secondary data is then analyzed, either descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis. Pelantaran Agro Estate (PAGE) is located in the village Pelantaran, district Cempaga, county Kotawaringin Timur, province of Central Kalimantan. The broad area that organised of the PAGE is 2 698 hectares. Geographical layout of the PAGE at coordinates between 112,95-113.01 0BT and 2.02-2.11 0LS. The average rainfall is 3 100 mm per year and average rainy days is 112 days per year. Fresh fruit bunch (TBS) production in 2009 is the 18 855 tonnes and increased production in 2010 of 26 952 tonnes with a total area of garden 2 698 hectares. The average productivity of TBS started TM (1-4) sequentially is 4.14, 13.13, 8.31 and 17.10 tons/ha/year. In general the management of the gardens on the PAGE have been implemented correctly in accordance with standard operating procedures (SOP). PAGE had implemented a programme of BMS (Manuring Block System), BSS (Block Spraying System), and BHS (Block Harvesting System) in oil palm cultivation techniques. The fresh fruit bunch on the PAGE have increased every year and the average productivity is not much different than standard productivity on land class S3. Fertilization management in Pelantaran Agro Estate (PAGE) has generally been implemented in accordance with the standards of the fertilizing. The garden has been paying attention to the provisions and recommendations that have been recommended fertilizing and has been referred to the principle of 4 T (right time, right type, right dose, and right methods) in terms of achieving the effectiveness and efficiency of fertilization. However, in the use of labor yet efficient which certainly have an impact on the efficiency of the time and cost. Realization of fertilization has not been fully implemented in accordance with the recommendation. Constraints in the implementation of the fertilizing still found in the marshy and corrugated area.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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