Judul: Deteksi Rintangan Mengggunakan Kamera CCD untuk Aplikasi pada Traktor Tanpa Awak
Abstrak: Obstacle detection is designed as a guidance for unmanned tractor to knowing the distance of obstacle in front of the tractor. The purpose of this research is to develop vision system that will be used as the guidance for unmanned tractor. CCD camera to acquire image of scene in front of tractor was placed at a tripod with height 1 meter. The position of camera is bow with 50. The image of track for tractor is captured and image was recorded in 640 x 480 pixel resolution. Six red laser pointer were added surrounding CCD camera to get obstacle image. The images were captured from 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 meter until CCD camera cannot capture the reflection of red laser. There are some factors that effected this research: solar intensity, red laser pointer and CCD camera lens focus. The captured image were processed by image processing program for obstacle detection. The result of image processing program for obstacle detection is a prediction of an obstacle distance in front of the tractor with success rate of 100 % for 1 meter, 80 % for 2 meter, 40 % for 3 meter, 0 % for 4 meter and 5 meter, and the accuracy rate of 68 %. When the solar intensity is high, image processing of obstacle detection could not detect the obstacle from more than 3 meter.
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Judul: Design of wireless controller system on four wheels drive tractor equipped with image guiding techology of wireless camera
Abstrak: Traktor roda empat pengendali jarak jauh merupakan traktor konvensional yang telah dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan sistem remote pengendali jarak jauh berupa modul antarmuka SPC wireless gamepad serta kamera nirkabel sebagai pemandu citra bagi operator yang mengendalikannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah melakukan modifikasi sistem pengendalian serta menambahkan kamera nirkabel pada traktor roda empat mini Kubota B6100. Pada penelitian ini, daya minimum untuk steering ialah sebesar 22.87 Watt, tuas akselerasi ialah 0.31 Watt, sedangkan untuk tuas kopling ialah sebesar 17.54 Watt. Pengendali kopling pada penelitian bertujuan untuk menghentikan laju traktor di lahan dan memudahkan untuk pengendalian transmisi. Modul remote control digunakan untuk mengendalikan traktor dan menerima transmisi data video dari kamera nirkabel pada traktor. Kotak controller pada traktor digunakan untuk menerima perintah dari remote control pada operator dan terdiri dari komponen-komponen pendukung. Fungsi kamera nirkabel pada penelitian ini ialah untuk membantu operator dalam memantau kondisi di depan traktor dan menghindari halangan.
Keyword: wireless camera., SPC wireless gamepad interface module, Four wheels drive tractor

Judul: Pengaruh Lama Periode Start Up pada Proses Pembuatan Surfaktan Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) dari Metil Ester Stearin
Abstrak: Methyl ester sulfonates (MES) is product that synthesized by continuous sulfonation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using SO3 as reactant in a single tube falling-film reactor. MES is an anionic surfactant that has been widely used in detergent and other cleaning and washing products. MES has several outstanding surfactant properties: excellent resistance to water hardness and excellent detergency for carbon chains C14 to C18. Palm stearin methyl ester is a potential material as MES feedstock in Indonesia as the country with the largest palm oil producer in the world. Palm stearin is renewable, biodegradable and rich of C16 and C18 fatty acids which have good detergency and tolerant to Ca ion. The study was aimed to obtain information on the effect of start up period during sulfonation of palm stearin ME and aging process to the physicochemical properties of MESA produced and to determine steady state condition during continous sulfonation of palm stearin ME on the best start up period. The results of this study indicated that MESA and MES produced in 5 hours period of start up without aging has a better physicochemical properties compared with other treatments. MESA resulted from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has an average pH of 1, 13.58 mg NaOH/g acid number, viscosity of 29.63 cP, density of 0.9621 g/cm3, iodine number of 9.81 mg I/g, 12.02 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.15 dyne/cm. MES produced from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has average pH of 7, acid number of 1.75 mg NaOH /g, density of 0.9652 g/cm3, iodine number of 12.38 mg I/g, 12.36 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.53 dyne/cm.
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