Judul: articipatory Communication In Empowerment Program of Women Headed Household (A Case Study of Desa Dayah Tanoh, Kecamatan Mutiara Timur, Kabupaten Pidie, Aceh Province)
Abstrak: The emerging paradigm of participatory development communication emphasizes participation and involvement from planning to decision-making process. PEKKA promotes the concept trough bottom-up initiative including planning, implementation and project evaluation. This study aims to investigate process of participatory development communication by PEKKA and economic empowerment of women household. This thesis investigates the participatory communication process in terms of communication patterns of women headed households, determinant factors, including observing the program achievement from empowerment point of view through the development communication perspective. The study employs constructivist paradigm in the analysis. The major finding of the study is the different communication pattern of women headed household in different stage of program activities. At the initial stage, the socialization was dominantly monologue, thus only well-educated participants whoconfident and had ability to response andexpress theirs commentsduring the meeting while others almost silence. In the other stages, meanwhile, the pattern gradually changed to monologue-dialogue and dialogic through interpersonal approach done by the field assistant, and participating the trainings especially self-development training done by PEKKA Center. However, the change was not arise to the aged women headed household because low motivation to the program. The study also finds that personal characteristics of members, role of field assistant, and socio cultural factors determine the efficacy of participatory communication of women headed households. The aged member seldom and almost never delivered voice, expressed opinion, and asked questions during the meeting. Though they attended the meeting, they tended to quiet and listen to the other comments. The younger women headed household was more active and be trusted as group administrators and leader by the members. Low educated women headed households were less ability to show their voice and express their opinions at the initial stage of the program because they impressed themselvesless confident and ability to speak out in front of other. The women headed household with many dependents stressed that the difficulty to time management between working, caring family, and attending the group meetings. Furthermore, the reason to be women headed household, occupation, and self-motivation also determine participatory communication. The women with sickly husband said that difficult to attend the meeting because not allowed by husband. Working as cookies seller that located relatively far from home at kecamatan market stated that often late to come to the meetings. The motif of the aged women headed household to join the program was to spare time, to gather with other women, and to obtain information and knowledge while other women said to improve welfare, to gain information and knowledge to change their socio economic condition. The role of field assistant as facilitator and educator significantly contribute to effectiveness of participatory communication to women headed household. At the beginning of the programthe assistant was a man, however, that was not a barrier for him to build effective communication with the women headed household. He is a native coming from that village, and experiencing and having well knowledge on local socio cultural. After the field assistant changed, coming from outsider but a woman, the members said they are more freely and confidently communicate with the
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Judul: Participative Communication On Center For Family Empowerment Program (Case Study In Rw 05 Situgede Village, West Bogor, Bogor)
Abstrak: Empowerment occurred if individuals or communities were assigned to discuss their daily need, especially in education and health matter. And also the topics are focused in political and economic issues. Empowerment program in alleviating poverty and improving the quality of human resources, promoted by Center for Human Resources Development (P2SDM), LPPM IPB, cooperated with Damandiri Post Family Empowerment (POSDAYA) program. This particular cooperation leading to develop Posdaya poverty community at different level, such are village, hamlet and RW. The objectives of study were: to analyze the role of companion, community leader in Posdaya activities, the participatory communication, its impact to community as well and respons communities. The research was a constructivist paradigm, located in RW 05 Situgede village, West Bogor, Bogor. The research was conducted in April 18 to May 25, 2011. The study result was the P2SDM-IPB companion as well as consultant task always coodinated by Posdaya Kenanga. The Situgede village, especially RW 05 had several ultimate tasks, included: cadres supervising, training and motivating. Internal involvement Posdaya Kenanga leaders were: providing insight, advice, criticism and building ideas for sustainability activities. The participatory communication occurred in Posdaya Kenanga were: access, heteroglasia, poliponi, dialogue and carnival. Benefit of cadres were: information and knowledge sharing, problem solving and familiarity relationship. Refers to participatory communication among cadres, they could work optimally as well as equaly right to submit opinions, suggestions, and criticism. As a result, their responsibility increased.
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik