Judul: Analisis Efek Mutasi Q348 dan S349 pada Penambatan Glukosamin-6-Fosfat Sintase dengan Senyawa Turunan Katekin sebagai Potensi Antibakteri.
Abstrak: Senyawa golongan katekin dan turunannya (katekin, epikatekin, epigalokatekin dan galokatekin) pada minuman teh hijau mempunyai sifat antibakteri salah satunya telah dibuktikan pada penelitian sebelumnya dengan penambatan molekuler dengan reseptor glukosamin-6-fosfat sintase (GlmS) untuk menghambat sintesis peptidoglikan. Penelitian tersebut mengindikasikan pentingnya residu Q348 dan S349 dari reseptor GlmS dalam penambatan dengan ligannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan mutasi pada residu tersebut dan menganalisis perubahan interaksi sehingga diketahui pentingnya residu yang dimutasi. Mutasi dilakukan secara in silico sebanyak enam kali, menghasilkan mutan Q348E, Q348W, S349T, S349A, Q348E/S349T dan Q348W/S349A. Mutasi menyebabkan perubahan daerah penambatan dan afinitas penambatan sehingga dapat dikatakan bahwa residu Q348 dan S349 pada enzim GlmS memiliki peran penting dalam penambatan dengan ligan uji epikatekin, epigalokatekin, dan galokatekin yang diharapkan sebagai antibakteri. Antara Q348 dan S349, S349 memiliki peran yang paling penting pada fungsi GlmS.
Keyword: GlmS, mutasi, penambatan, katekin, epikatekin

Judul: Potensi Senyawa Turunan Katekin sebagai Antibakteri dalam Menghambat Glukosamin-6-fosfat Sintase secara In Silico
Abstrak: Camellia sinensis atau teh merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang sangat populer. Teh ini diolah menjadi produk olahan minuman, salah satunya adalah teh hijau yang biasa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Teh sudah banyak diteliti berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan, antidiabetik, antiinflamasi, antibakteri, antivirus, dan antikanker. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji potensi senyawa flavonoid pada teh hijau, yaitu katekin, epikatekin, galokatekin, dan epigalokatekin sebagai antibakteri melalui penambatan molekul dengan reseptor enzim glukosamin-6- fosfat sintase (GlmS). Reseptor GlmS dihambat oleh senyawa turunan katekin agar glukosamin-6-fosfat yang merupakan senyawa antara sintesis peptidoglikan tidak terbentuk. Penambatan molekul menunjukkan bahwa semua senyawa, kecuali katekin, memiliki residu asam amino yang sama dengan ligan standar. Fruktosa-6-fosfat dipilih menjadi ligan standar berdasarkan reaksi enzimatis yang terjadi. Galokatekin memiliki afinitas yang tinggi dengan GlmS karena memiliki energi afinitas (ΔG) dan konstanta inhibisi yang rendah. Oleh karena itu, galokatekin merupakan inhibitor paling potensial sebagai penghambat sintesis dinding sel bakteri.
Keyword: Catechin, Epicatechin, Epigalocatechin, Galocatechin, GlmS, Camellia sinensis, Antim flamation, Green tea, Antidiabetic, Anti bacterial

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite