Judul: Assaying Anticancer Activity of Myristicin through Migration and Invasion Capacity Test in Melanoma Cell Culture
Abstrak: Studi tentang migrasi dan invasi sel dalam penelitian kanker menjadi perhatian khusus terkait dengan perkembangan metastatis. Salah satu jenis kanker dengan potensi migrasi dan invasinya yang tinggi adalah melanoma. Kanker ini bersifat sangat agresif dengan kecenderungan untuk bermetastasis sehingga menyebabkan angka kematian yang tinggi. Contoh senyawa alam yang terindikasi memiliki potensi dalam menghambat migrasi serta invasi sel kanker adalah miristisin. Sejauh ini belum ada penelitian yang memuat informasi tentang aktivitas miristisin terhadap kapasitas migrasi dan invasi sel melanoma. Penelitian ini menguji potensi antikanker dari miristisin melalui kapasitas uji migrasi dan invasi, serta efeknya terhadap ekspresi gen MMP-2 dan MMP-9 pada sel melanoma. Pengujian dengan uji MTT pada penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa miristisin memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik aktif terhadap sel melanoma. Senyawa ini dapat menghambat invasi dan migrasi sel melanoma secara dose-dependent manner. Uji invasi dilakukan melalui metode transwell assay, sedangkan uji migrasi dengan metode wound healing assay. Hasil uji invasi menunjukkan pola yang sebanding dengan hasil analisis ekspresi gen MMP-2 dan MMP-9. Kedua gen tersebut dianalisis melalui metode RT-qPCR. Ekspresi gen yang rendah pada sel melanoma dapat menurunkan jumlah sel-sel melanoma yang bersifat invasif. Perolehan hasil ini ditemukan pada pengujian dengan konsentrasi miristisin 0,1 dan 0,2 mM. Sementara itu, pada pengujian dengan konsentrasi uji 0,4 mM, ekspresi gen MMP-2 dan MMP-9 lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Peningkatan ekspresi dari kedua gen tersebut juga diikuti dengan peningkatan jumlah sel yang invasif. Berbeda halnya dengan hasil uji migrasi, ekspresi gen yang berlebihan ini justru menghambat kemampuan sel melanoma dalam menutupi celah luka. Laju migrasi dan nilai persentase wound closure pada uji migrasi mengalami penurunan dengan pemberian miristisin konsentrasi 0,4 mM., The study of cell migration and invasion in cancer research is particularly interesting in terms of metastatic development. Melanoma is a cancer with a high risk of migration and invasion. This cancer is highly aggressive and likely to metastasize, resulting in a high mortality rate. Myristicin is a natural compound that has been indicated to inhibit cancer cell migration and invasion. So far, no research has been conducted to determine the activity of myristicin on melanoma cell migration and invasion. This study's tests will assess myristicin's anticancer potential through its migration and invasion capacity, as well as its effect on MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression in melanoma cells. The MTT assay in this study demonstrated that myristicin has active cytotoxic activity against melanoma cells. This compound inhibits melanoma cell invasion and migration in a dose-dependent manner. The invasion test was performed using the transwell assay technique, whereas the migration test was performed using the wound healing assay technique. The results of the invasion assay followed a pattern similar to those of the MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression analyses. These two genes were analyzed using the RT-qPCR technique. Low gene expression in melanoma cells can decrease the number of invasive melanoma cells. These results were obtained in tests using myristicin concentrations of 0.1 and 0.2 mM. Meanwhile, at a test concentration of 0.4 mM, MMP-2 and MMP-9 gene expression was higher than the control. Increased expression of these two genes was associated with an increase in the
Keyword: invasi, melanoma, migrasi, MMP-2 dan MMP-9, miristisin, invasion, melanoma, migration, MMP-2 and MMP-9, myristicin

Judul: Metabolite Potential of Hermetia illucens Maggot Extract in Inhibiting Tyrosine Kinase Activity in Human Epidermal Growth Factor  Receptor-2
Abstrak: Kanker merupakan pembunuh nomor dua setelah penyakit kardiovaskular. Terdapat jenis kanker dengan nilai prevalensi tinggi yaitu kanker payudara. Kanker tersebut disebabkan oleh ekspresi berlebih pada Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2 (HER-2). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan potensi metabolit ekstrak maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) sebagai kandidat obat antikanker payudara melalui interaksi antarmolekul dan karakteristik farmakokinetik ligan. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan secara in silico menggunakan YASARA Structure. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, senyawa alkaloid etana;(3Z,6Z)-5-imino-N,N,3- trimetil-8-[5-[(4-metil-1-bisiklo[4.1.1]oktanil)metill]-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-heksahidropir olo[2,3-c]pirol-1-yl]nona-1,3,6,8-tetraen-4-amina yang merupakan ligan uji pelarut air memiliki pengikatan yang paling baik dengan nilai ΔG -9,7300 kkal/mol dan konstanta disosiasi (Kd) 0,0738 µM. Nilai tersebut lebih besar dari nilai ΔG pada ligan pembanding komersial yaitu neratinib sebesar -9,2610 kkal/mol dan nilai Kd sebesar 0,1628 µM, sehingga senyawa alkaloid tersebut memiliki aktivitas inhibisi terhadap tirosin kinase pada HER-2. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metabolit ekstrak maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) berpotensi sebagai kandidat obat antikanker payudara., Cancer is the second killer after cardiovascular disease. There is a type of cancer with high prevalence value, namely breast cancer. The cancer is caused by overexpression in HER-2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-2). This study aims to determine the potential metabolites of Black Soldier Fly maggot ex tract (Hermetia illucens) as a breast cancer drug candidate through intermolecular interactions and pharmacokinetic characteristics of ligands. This study used the YASARA Structure for the in silico method. Based on the results of the study, the alkaloid compound ethane;(3Z,6Z)-5-imino-N,N,3-trimethyl-8-[5-[(4-methyl-1-bi cyclo[4.1.1]octanyl)methyl]-2,3,3a,4,6,6a-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-c]pyrrol-1- yl]nona-1,3,6,8-tetraen-4-amine of the water extract was the best ligand for binding HER-2 with a value of ΔG -9,7300 kcal/mol and dissociation constant (Kd) 0,0738 µM. This value was greater than commercial ligand, neratinib (ΔG -9,2610 kcal/mol, Kd value of 0,1628 µM). Therefore this alkaloid compound has inhibitory activity against tyrosine kinase on HER-2. The conclusion is that metabolite of Black Soldier Fly maggot extract (Hermetia illucens) has the potential as a breast cancer drug candidate.
Keyword: breast cancer, Hermetia illucens, HER-2, maggot extract, molecular  docking

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm