Judul: Development of the Tomato Seed  Vigor Test (Solanum lycopersicum) with the Radicle Emergence Method Using  Digital Image Processing
Abstrak: Analisis citra digital adalah teknik pengolahan gambar menggunakan komputer. Metode RE adalah salah satu metode uji vigor dengan mengamati kemunculan radikula sepanjang 2 mm pada awal perkecambahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan uji cepat vigor benih dengan metode pemunculan radikula pada benih tomat (Solanum lycopersicum) menggunakan pengolahan citra digital. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan di laboratorium dan greenhouse yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Pengamatan pertumbuhan radikula dilakukan setiap 4 jam sekali pada periode perkecambahan 43 jam hingga 75 jam. Panjang radikula yang diamati pada penilitian ini terdiri atas 4 kategori yaitu ≥ 1 mm, ≥ 2 mm, ≥ 50% panjang benih, dan ≥ panjang benih. Data panjang radikula dianalisis dengan analisis korelasi dan regresi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada suhu rata-rata 27,8 ± 0,5 ˚C tolok ukur indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh, dan daya tumbuh berkaitan erat dengan uji pemunculan radikula pada kategori panjang radikula serta periode perkecambahan berturut-turut yaitu ≥ 1 mm (63 jam), ≥ 2 mm (67 jam), ≥ 50% panjang benih (55 jam), dan ≥ panjang benih (63 jam). Hal ini menunjukkan pengembangan uji vigor benih tomat dengan metode pemunculan radikula menggunakan pengolahan citra digital bisa dijadikan metode alternatif uji vigor benih yang lebih cepat dan akurat., Digital image analysis is an image processing technique using a computer. The RE method is one of the vigor test methods by observing the emergence of a 2 mm long radicle at the beginning of germination. This study aims to develop a rapid seed vigor test by radicle emergence method on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seeds using digital image processing. The experimental design used in the laboratory and greenhouse was a completely randomized design (CRD). Observation of radicle growth was conducted every 4 hours during the germination period of 43 hours to 75 hours. Radicle length observed in this study consisted of 4 categories, namely ≥ 1 mm, ≥ 2 mm, ≥ 50% of seed length, and ≥ seed length. Radicle length data were analyzed by correlation and regression analysis. Based on the results of the study at an average temperature of 27.8 ± 0.5 ˚C, the benchmarks of vigor index, growth speed, and germination power were closely related to the radicle emergence test in the radicle length category as well as the germination period, namely ≥ 1 mm (63 hours), ≥ 2 mm (67 hours), ≥ 50% seed length (55 hours), and ≥ seed length (63 hours), respectively. This shows that the development of the tomato seed vigor test with the radicle emergence method using digital image processing can be used as an alternative method of seed vigor test that is faster and more accurate
Keyword: analisis citra digital, indeks vigor, panjang radikula, periode perkecambahan, uji cepat vigor, digital image anaysis, germination period, radicle length, vigour index, vigour rapid test

Judul: Development of Radicle Emergence Test on  Soybean Seeds (Glycine max L.) using Digital Image Processing
Abstrak: Pengolahan citra digital merupakan suatu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi mutu benih dalam waktu singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode pengujian cepat vigor pada benih kedelai (Glycine maxL.) menggunakan metode pemunculan radikula atau radicle emergence (RE) dengan pengolahan citra digital. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan empat ulangan dan dikecambahkan pada suhu 25 ± 2 ºC. Pengambilan citra dilakukan setiap dua jam sekali dalam rentang waktu 36-54 jam setelah benih dikecambahkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengamati jumlah benih yang memiliki panjang radikula = 2 mm. Data panjang radikula tersebut kemudian dianalisis korelasi dan regresi terhadap tolok ukur mutu fisiologis benih, antara lain daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, potensi tumbuh maksimum, kecepatan tumbuh, dan mean radicle emergence time (MRET). Penelitian yang dilakukan memperoleh hubungan korelasi kuat antara panjang radikula = 2 mm dengan tolok ukur indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh, dan MRET pada benih kontrol serta korelasi kuat pada tolok ukur daya berkecambah dan indeks vigor pada cekaman salinitas NaCl konsentrasi 0,35% dan 0,7%. Korelasi kuat antara panjang radikula = 2 mm dengan tolok ukur vigor benih lainnya pada waktu pengecambahan 44 jam., Digital image processing is a technique that can be used to identify seed quality in a short time. This research aims to develop a rapid vigor testing method for soybean (Glycine max L.) seeds using the radicle emergence (RE) method with digital image processing. This research used a randomized complete group design with one factor with four replications and germinated at 25 ± 2 ºC. Images were taken every two hours within 36-54 hours after the seeds were germinated. This research was conducted by observing the number of seeds that had radicle length = 2 mm. The radicle length data was then analyzed for correlation and regression against the benchmarks of seed physiological quality, including germination, vigor index, maximum growth potential, growth speed, and mean radicle emergence time (MRET). The research conducted obtained a strong correlation on the benchmarks of vigor index, growth speed, and MRET in control seeds and a strong correlation on the benchmarks of germination and vigor index under NaCl salinity stress concentrations of 0.35% and 0.7%. Strong correlation between radicle length = 2 mm and other seed vigor benchmarks at germination time of 44 hours.
Keyword: ImageJ, percentage of radicula growth amount, germination period, seed viability, seed vigor

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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