Judul: Labor Household Poverty in Rural Area (Study in Toga Village, Buayan Subdistrict, Kebumen Regency)
Abstrak: Kemiskinan merupakan permasalahan multidimensi yang menjerat berbagai negara di dunia, termasuk Indonesia. Kehadiran fenomena disebabkan faktor-faktor memicu munculnya hal tersebut. Kemiskinan memiliki faktor-faktor penyebab yang bahkan memperparah kondisi tersebut. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana kondisi kemiskinan dan faktor-faktornya pada rumah tangga buruh yang memiliki hubungan terhadap tingkat kemiskinan di Desa Toga. Metode penelitian kuantitatif didukung data kualitatif, menggunakan metode survei dan kuesioner sebagai instrumennya. Jumlah sampel pada penelitian ini yaitu 35 rumah tangga buruh di RW 3 Desa Toga. Hasil penelitian ini yaitu rumah tangga buruh didominasi tergolong miskin ekstrem, faktor-faktor kemiskinan yaitu struktur rumah tangga, ragam ikatan buruh dan majikan, tingkat kerawanan lokasi tempat tinggal, dan tingkat pekarangan yang dikuasai rumah tangga memiliki hubungan tidak signifikan dengan tingkat kemiskinan. Faktor-faktor yang diduga berdampak bagi kondisi kemiskinan rumah tangga buruh RW 3 Desa Toga antara lain pekerjaan tidak tetap, tingkat pendidikan rendah, lansia tinggal sendirian, dan beban ganda kepala rumah tangga perempuan., Poverty is a multidimensional problem that affects many countries around the world, including Indonesia. The existence of a phenomenon is caused by factors that trigger its emergence. Poverty has factors that cause or even worsen the condition. This research aims to analyze how the conditions of poverty and its factors in labor households that have a correlation with the poverty level in Desa Toga. The research method used in this research is a quantitative method supported by qualitative data, survey method, and a questionnaire as its instrument. Samples in this research is 35 labor households in RW 3 Desa Toga. The results of this study are that laborer households are dominated by households classified as extreme poor, poverty factors namely household structure, the variety of laborer and employer ties, the vulnerability level of residential locations, and the level of yard controlled by households have insignificant relationship with poverty levels. Factors that are suspected to the poverty condition of laborer households in RW 3 Toga Village include irregular employment, low education level, elderly living alone, and the double burden of female household heads.
Keyword: poverty level, poverty factors, labor households

Judul: Household Poverty in Urban Area (Study in Taru Urban Village, North Bogor Subdistrict, Bogor City, West Java)
Abstrak: Kemiskinan masih menjadi masalah serius yang belum terselesaikan. Dua hal yang mendorong perhatian peneliti untuk menyelidiki kondisi dan faktor kemiskinan di perkotaan adalah adanya peningkatan angka kemiskinan di perkotaan dan peraturan percepatan pengentasan kemiskinan ekstrem. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi kondisi dan faktor kemiskinan serta menganalisis hubungan antara faktor kemiskinan yang terdiri dari struktur rumah tangga, kerawanan bencana alam lokasi tempat tinggal, dan tingkat pemanfaatan pekarangan oleh rumah tangga dengan tingkat kemiskinan. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif melalui metode sensus. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh rumah tangga miskin (61 rumah tangga) yang diakui masyarakat secara emik. Penelitian ini menemukan dua temuan utama, yaitu: (1) sepertiga dari populasi merupakan rumah tangga miskin ekstrem, dan (2) faktor yang berkorelasi signifikan dengan tingkat kemiskinan adalah rasio beban tanggungan rumah tangga., Poverty is still a serious problem that has not been resolved. Two things that encourage researchers to investigate the conditions and factors of poverty in urban areas are the increase in poverty rates in urban areas and regulations to accelerate the eradication of extreme poverty. The purpose of this study is to identify the conditions and factors of poverty and analyze the relationship between poverty factors consisting of household structure, natural disaster vulnerability of residential location, and the level of yard utilization by households with poverty levels. The research approach used is quantitative approach supported by qualitative data through the census method. The population of this study was all poor households (61 households) recognized by the community emically. This research found two main findings, namely: (1) one-third of the population are extreme poor households, and (2) the factor that is significantly correlated with poverty level is the household dependency ratio.
Keyword: Poverty factors, Poverty levels, Urban households

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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