Judul: Fermentabilitas dan kecernaan in vitro daun tanaman Indigofera sp. yang mendapat perlakuan pupuk cair untuk daun
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer application on total volatile fatty acid (VFA), ruminal ammonia (NH3), in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) organic matter digestibility (OMD) of Indigofera leaves in goat’s rumen liquor, available digestable dry matter (ADDM), and available digestable organic matter (ADOM). The foliar fertilizer consisted of element nutrient N as (NH4NO3), P as (H2PO4), K as (K2SO4). The level of foliar application as treatments consisted of P0 (25% cow urin : 75% water), P1 (P0 + element nutrient 1%), P2 (P0 + element nutrient 2%), P3 (P0 + element nutrient 3%), P4 (P0 + element nutrient 4%), P5 (P0 + element nutrient 5%). Value of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% representative of 10 ml/liter, 20 ml/liter, 30 ml/liter, 40 ml/liter, and 50 ml/liter respectively. Completely randomized block design with three replications and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied in this experiment. The results showed that the total VFA production, NH3 production, DMD, OMD were not influenced by the foliar application fertilizer at first defoliation Indigofera sp., but for ADDM were influenced and ADOM were also inclined influenced by the foliar application fertilizer. The further study needs to be done to determine the effect of foliar application at second defoliation.
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Judul: Karakteristik Fermentasi dan Sintesis Protein Mikroba dengan Pemberian Daun Sumber Protein Berbeda
Abstrak: Produksi ternak dan populasi mikroba dalam rumen dapat dipengaruhi oleh nutrien pakan diantaranya yaitu karbohidrat, protein, vitamin dan mineral. Protein pakan akan didegradasi menjadi peptida dan asam amino kemudian difermentasi menjadi amonia yang dapat digunakan untuk mendukung sintesis protein mikroba, sedangkan beberapa asam amino akan diubah menjadi asam lemak rantai cabang yang akan digunakan sebagai kerangka karbon dalam sintesis protein mikroba. Di Indonesia terdapat beberapa tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai pakan ternak diantaranya yaitu daun singkong (Manihot esculanta), daun lamtoro (Leucaena leuccocephala cv Tarramba) dan daun Indigofera zollingeriana. Ketiga tanaman tersebut memiliki kandungan protein dan asam amino yang bervariasi serta dikenal sebagai tanaman yang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas protein yang terdapat pada ketiga jenis daun sumber protein terhadap karakteristik fermentasi dan sintesis protein mikroba. Kemudian menentukan tanaman terbaik yang dapat mendukung pertumbuhan bakteri rumen. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan (kelompok). Perlakuan terdiri dari daun singkong (P1, PK 23%), daun lamtoro (P2, PK 25,86%), daun indigofera (P3, 27,76%) dan konsentrat (P4, PK 16,42%). Pengelompokkan dilakukan berdasarkan waktu pengambilan cairan rumen yang berbeda. Peubah yang diamati meliputi produksi gas total, kinetika produksi gas, fermentabilitas rumen (pH rumen, konsentrasi NH3, VFA total dan VFA parsial), sintesis protein mikroba (SPM), kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO), kecernaan protein kasar (KcPK), populasi protozoa dan populasi bakteri. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan dan jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Berdasarkan analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan sumber protein yang berbeda berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi gas total, kinetika produksi gas, konsentrasi NH3, VFA total, VFA parsial, proporsi asetat propionat, gas metan (CH4), KcBK, KcBO dan KcPK. Tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pH rumen, sintesis protein mikroba (SPM), populasi protozoa dan populasi bakteri. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan daun singkong, daun lamtoro dan daun indigofera memberikan profil fermentasi yang baik, dan daun indigofera adalah daun yang terbaik dari ketiga daun yang diuji. Hal ini ditunjukkan pada nilai NH3 dan VFA yang tinggi sehingga meningkatkan kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik, Livestock production and microbial populations in the rumen can be affected by feed nutrients including carbohydrates, proteins, vitamins and minerals. Feed protein will be degraded into peptides and amino acids and then fermented into ammonia which can be used to support microbial protein synthesis, while some amino acids will be converted into branched chain fatty acids which will be used as a carbon framework in microbial protein synthesis. In Indonesia, there are several plants that have the potential to be used as animal feed, including cassava leaves (Manihot esculanta), lamtoro leaves (Leucaena leuccocephala) and Indigofera zollingeriana leaves. These three plants have varied protein and amino acid content and are known as drought tolerant plants. This study aims to evaluate the quality of the protein found in the three types of leaves as a source of protein on the characteristics of fermentation and protein synthesis of microbes. Then determine the best plants that can support the growth of rumen bacteria. This study used
Keyword: microbial protein synthesis, protein source leaves, rumen fermentation

Judul: Truncated Stop Loss as a Optimal Solution of Reinsurance Agreement in One-Period Model
Abstrak: Reinsurance is one of risk management efforts of an insurance company, which is called the cedent. Similar with insurance, reinsurance constitutes the cedent to pay the premium. We consider one-period reinsurance model and derive a rule which minimizes the ruin probability of the cedent for a fixed reinsurance premium. Therefore, it is needed to construct an optimal reinsurance agreement for the cedent. The premium is calculated according to four different principles, i.e. economic, generalized zero-utility, Esscher, and mean-variance principles. Stop loss is a reinsurance contract which protect the insurance company for losses that exceed a certain amount. The result of this research shows that a truncated stop loss is an optimal agreement in the class of all reinsurance contracts with various premiums calculated using above mentioned principles.
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