Judul: Mempelajari Pemanfaatan Germ Gandum Dalam Pembuatan Cookies
Abstrak: Tujuan umum penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan germ gandum dalam pembuatan cookies. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah : menentukan fonnula cookies yang disubstitusi tepung germ gandum; mempelajari peugaruh substitusi tepung germ terhadap tingkat kesukaan cookies; menganalisis sifat fisik (rendemen) dan sifat kimia (kadar air, protein, daya cerna protein, lemak, abu, dan serat pangan) dari tepung germ; mempelajari pengaruh substitusi tepung germ terhadap kekerasan, kadar air, protein, daya cerna protein, lemak, abu, dan serat pangan cookies terpilih
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Judul: Mempelajari pemanfaatan germ gandum dalam pembuatan cookies
Abstrak: Tujuan umum penelitian ini untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan germ gandurn dalam pembuatan cookies. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah menentukan formula cookies yang disubstitusi tepung germ gandum; mempelajari pengaruh substitusi tepung germ terhadap tingkat kesukaan cookies; menganalisis sifat fisik (rendemen) dan sifat kimia (kadar air, protein, daya cerna protein, lemak, abu, dan serat pangan) dari tepung germ; mempelajari pengaruh substitusi tepung germ terhadap kekerasan, kadar air, protein, daya cerna protein, lemak, abu, dan serat pangan cookies terpilih. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengolahan Pangan, Laboratorium Kimia Gizi I dan II, Laboratorium Organoleptik Jurusan Gizi Masyarakat dan Sumberdaya Keluarga, IPB. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan April sampai dengan bulan September 2002. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Pada penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan penepungan germ gandum, pembuatan cookies, uji organoleptik untuk memilih cookies yang akan dianalisis. Pada penelitian utama dilakukan kembali uji organoleptik dari produk yang terpilih kemudian dilakukan analisis sifat fisik dan kimia. Data yang diperoleh dari uji organoleptik dianalisis secara deskriptif dengan menggunakan skor modus masing-masing taraf perlakuan dan persentase penerimaan panelis. Persentase penerimaan panelis dihitung dengan cara menghitung persentase panelis yang dapat menerima produk, yaitu biasa (3), suka (4) dan sangat suka (5) dibandingkan dengan total panelis, selanjutnya data organoleptik dianalisis dengan Uji Friedman untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap tingkat kesukaan panelis berdasarkan parameter warna, rasa, aroma dan tekstur. Apabila hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya pengaruh di antara perlakuan, maka dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Multiple Comparison Test. Sedangkan data yang diperoleh dari hasil analisis fisik dan kimia cookies terpilih dianalisis dengan uji sidik ragam (Sudjana, 1995). Apabila hasil analisis data menunjukkan adanya pengaruh di antara perlakuan, maka dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan (Walpole, 1987). Data hasil analisis kandungan gizi cookies terpilih selanjutnya dibandingkan dengan SNI No. 01-2973-1992 cookies. Pengolahan dan analisis data hasil penelitian menggunakan program SPSS 10.0 for Windows.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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