Judul: Perencanaan Embung di Desa Sekaran, Kabupaten Bojonegoro, Jawa Timur.
Abstrak: Usaha pengelolaan lahan dan air yang tidak efektif dapat menyebabkan terjadinya erosi dan banjir pada musim hujan, serta kekeringan dan kesulitan mendapatkan sumber air baku pada musim kemarau. Hujan yang terjadi saat musim hujan di Desa Sekaran belum dimanfaatkan secara optimal sedangkan ketersediaan air bakunya terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan lokasi embung di Dusun Jar Kulon, Desa Sekaran, Kabupaten Bojonegoro, serta menghitung besarnya biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk pembuatannya. Embung direncanakan berdasarkan peraturan yang berlaku untuk perencanaan embung. Lokasi embung dipilih pada lahan kosong yang memiliki topografi yang sesuai dan berada pada koordinat 7°6'33,102" LS dan 111°38'46,122" BT. Berdasarkan kondisi topografi, bentuk embung direncanakan persegi dengan sisi 41 x 41 m pada elevasi 48,5 mdpl dan kedalaman 2 m. Volume tampungan embung sebesar 2894 m3 dan curah hujan rencana sebesar 155,4 mm dengan debit limpasan sebesar 0,531 m3/detik. Embung akan dilapisi dengan geomembrane setebal 2 mm dan rencana anggaran biaya yang dibutuhkan sebesar Rp1,1 milyar.
Keyword: desain, embung, lokasi, rencana anggaran biaya

Judul: Small Dam Design Planning In Songbledeg Village, Paranggupito District, Wonogiri Regency
Abstrak: Desa Songbledeg merupakan wilayah yang sering mengalami kekurangan air saat musim kemarau dan harus membeli air dari perusahaan swasta. Penduduk menggunakan air hujan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air mereka saat musim hujan. Oleh karena itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang embung sebagai penyimpanan air hujan serta menghitung anggaran biaya.Tahap perencanaan embung meliputi analisa topografi calon lokasi embung, selanjutnya dilakukan perhitungan kebutuhan air penduduk. Langkah selanjutnya adalah melakukan analisis debit andalan untuk menentukan jumlah air permukaan yang masuk ke embung dan diharapkan selalu tersedia sepanjang tahun. Volume total tampungan embung dihitung dengan menjumlahkan volume penguapan, volume kebutuhan tampung, dan volume sedimen. Langkah selanjutnya adalah menentukan desain teknis dan menghitung anggaran biaya. Embung yang direncanakan berjumlah 4 unit. Setiap unit embung memiliki kapasitas tampungan efektif sebesar 1000 m3 . Embung memiliki bentuk persegi dengan dimensi sisi atas sepanjang 23.5 m sedangkan sisi bawah 17.5 m. Embung memiliki kedalaman 3 m.Pembangunan satu unit embung membutuhkan biaya sebesar Rp396 juta dantotal biaya pembangunan 4 unit embung sebesar Rp1,58 milyar., Songbledeg Village is an area that often have a lack of water during the dry season and has to buy water from other parties. Resident use rainwater to meet their water needs during the rainy season. Therefore this research aimed to design a small dam to store water rainfall during rainy season and calculating the construction cost. The planning stage of constructing Small Dam includes a topographical analysis of location small dam design, then calculates resident’s water needs. The next step is to carry out a dependable flow analysis to determine the amount of surface water that enters the small dam and is expected to be available throughout the year. The total capasity of small dam is calculated by adding up the amount of evaporation, the volume of storage requirements, and the amount of sediment. The next step is to determine the technical design and calculate the cost. The planned small dam are 4 units. Each reservoir unit has an effective storage capacity of 1000 m3. The small dam has a square shape with dimension of 23.5 m on the top and 17.5 on the bottom. The small dam has a depth 3 m. The construction of one small dam unit requires a cost IDR 396 million and the cost of construction four unit of small dam is IDR 1,58 billion.
Keyword: Biaya, desain, embung, geomembran, wonogiri, Cost, design, geomembrane, small dam, wonogiri

Judul: Categorization in Macaca fascicularis.
Abstrak: Categorization is an ability to group individuals or events into different classes mediated by conceptualized mental images. There are several levels of categorization and within a taxonomy the levels are nested. At the most concrete level of categorization, all or most members of the category shared common physical attributes that differ from other categories. The higher the level of category, the fewer common attributes between members of the group. In addition to humans, the ability to categorize has also been proposed in animals. One example of categorization in animal is species discrimination. Using matching-tosample task, present experiment tested ability of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in discriminating dichotomous-stimuli of different animals. The species has been shown to be able to see photos as representations of real object so I used facial photos of humans and animals for the stimuli. First, I tested their ability to classify humans and macaques into separate group. Second, I tested their ability to discriminate their conspecific from other macaques. And the last, I tested whether the subjects were able to discriminate non-human animals from humans. In all of these experiments I found that the subjects showed high performance in categorizing objects, even when I discarded details of visual informations, such as color and local shapes. The ability to identify objects with reduced representation of physical properties means the subjects were able to generalize attributes of members of the group. This would indicate that the subjects created a higher level abstraction. On the other hand, in discriminating intrageneric macaque species I found that they were able to extract uniqueness of each species. More over, I also found that the subjects were able to put photos of non-human animals that shared very few similarities in physical percepts into one group. I suggested that the subjects could create a more abstract concept based on non-percepts relations as a basis to put the objects into one category. Thus, I concluded that M. fascicularis were able to perform multiple levels of categorizations.
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