Judul: Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Inhibisi HMG-KoA Reduktase dari Ekstrak Kombinasi Berbasis Daun Salam
Abstrak: Daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antikolesterol, namun belum ada kajian terhadap kombinasi ekstrak kasar maupun fraksi polifenol berbasis daun salam terkait kedua aktivitas tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan kombinasi ekstrak kasar dengan kombinasi fraksi polifenol berbasis daun salam yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dalam menginhibisi aktivitas HMG-KoA reduktase. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur dengan metode DPPH dan efek inhibisi aktivitas HMG-KoA reduktase diukur secara in vitro dengan metode spektrofotometri pada λ 335 nm. Hasil menunjukkan nilai IC50 terhadap DPPH dari kombinasi ekstrak kasar A, B, dan C berturut-turut sebesar 43.01 μg/mL, 44.03 μg/mL, dan 42.10 μg/mL, sedangkan kombinasi fraksi polifenol D, E, dan F berturut-turut sebesar 47.14 μg/mL, 63.79 μg/mL, dan 41.09 μg/mL. Kombinasi C memiliki efek inhibisi tertinggi terhadap aktivitas HMG-KoA reduktase dibandingkan kombinasi lainnya yaitu sebesar 82.81%. Efek tersebut sama baiknya dengan atorvastatin (96.18%). Adapun kombinasi D, E, dan F memiliki efek yang lebih rendah, tetapi sama baiknya dengan lovastatin komersial (67.53%) dengan efek inhibisi sebesar 64.80-68.51%.
Keyword: Antikolesterol, antioksidan, daun salam, HMG-KoA reduktase, IC50

Judul: Penghambatan Aktivitas Enzim HMG-KoA Reduktase dalam Biosintesis Kolesterol oleh Fraksi Polifenol Daun Salam (Syzygizium polyanthum [Wight.] Walp.).
Abstrak: Tanaman salam (Syzygizium polyanthum) dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antikolesterol. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji kemampuan komponen senyawa bioaktif pada fraksi polifenol dan subfraksi teraktif daun salam dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim HMG-KoA reduktase in vitro. Enzim HMG-KoA reduktase (EC 1.1.1.34) merupakan enzim kunci yang meregulasi tahap awal biosintesis kolesterol. Hasil menunjukkan nilai IC50 terhadap aktivitas antioksidan pada fraksi polifenol, subfraksi teraktif F9 dan F11 berturut-turut sebesar 12.51 μg/mL, 13.31 μg/mL dan 39.05 μg/mL. Fraksi polifenol menghambat aktivitas enzim HMG-KoA Reduktase sebesar 90.18%, sedangkan 2 subfraksi dari fraksi polifenol menghambat sebesar 85.91% (F9) dan 78.33% (F11). Pravastatin kit sebagai kontrol obat penurun kolesterol darah menghambat aktivitas enzim HMGKoA reduktase sebesar 84.26%, dan kuersetin sebesar 84.25% sebagai standar flavonoid. Fraksi polifenol memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terbesar dan memiliki efek penghambatan sama baiknya dengan pravastatin kit dan kuersetin.
Keyword: Antikolesterol, HMG-KoA Reduktase, IC50, polifenol, salam

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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