Judul: Application of Humic Subtance with Zeolite as Carrier for Increasing Paddy Field Production at Bogor Latosol Soil.
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara beriklim tropika basah yang memiliki temperatur dan curah hujan tinggi sehingga mengakibatkan proses pelapukan tanah, mineral, dan batuan sangat intensif. Dalam proses tersebut, unsur-unsur hara yang terlepas ke dalam tanah mudah hilang tercuci bersama air hujan sehingga tanah menjadi kekurangan unsur-unsur hara. Pemberian pupuk kimia tanpa diimbangi dengan pemberian pupuk organik menyebabkan pemadatan tanah, kemasaman tanah, penurunan kandungan bahan organik, dan tanaman tidak responsif terhadap pemupukan. Pada kondisi seperti itu, produksi padi sawah mengalami pelandaian (levelling off) yang diakibatkan dari penurunan kualitas tanah. Pemberian bahan organik mutlak diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas tanah karena bahan organik dapat meningkatkan jumlah dan aktivitas mikroba. Akhir-akhir ini banyak dibicarakan bahan aktif yang dapat meningkatkan produksi pertanian. Bahan tersebut adalah bahan humat yang diekstrak dari bahan organik. Bahan humat ialah fraksi utama dari bahan organik tanah untuk memperbaiki kesuburan tanah. Bahan humat dapat merangsang pertumbuhan tanaman melalui pengaruhnya terhadap metabolisme dan proses fisiologi. Bahan humat mudah hilang tercuci dari tanah sehingga dibutuhkan bahan pembawa untuk mempertahankan ketersediaanya dalam waktu yang lebih lama. Zeolit memiliki KTK yang tinggi, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai adsorben dan penyaring molekul, katalisator dan penukar ion. Selain itu, zeolit merupakan mineral berongga yang diharapkan dapat mengikat bahan humat dan kemudian melepaskannya secara perlahan sehingga memungkinkannya berperan sebagai carrier. Penggunaan zeolit dalam penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memudahkan aplikasi bahan humat di lapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian bahan humat dengan carrier zeolit terhadap sifat-sifat kimia tanah, pertumbuhan, dan produksi padi. Perlakuan ini terdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jumlah bahan humat yang memiliki 4 taraf dosis yaitu A0 (0 liter/ha), A5 (5 liter/ha), A10 (10 liter/ha), dan A15 (15 liter/ha). Faktor kedua adalah jumlah zeolit dengan 3 taraf Z0 (0 kg zeolit/ liter bahan humat), Z10 (10 kg zeolit/ liter bahan humat), dan Z20 (20 kg zeolit/ liter bahan humat). Aplikasi bahan humat dengan carrier zeolit tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap sifat-sifat kimia tanah kecuali pada kadar kalium, tetapi aplikasi bahan humat cenderung meningkatkan C-organik, N-total, dan KTK tanah. Interaksi bahan humat dengan carrier zeolit tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman, tetapi bahan humat dan zeolit cenderung meningkatkan tinggi tanaman dan jumlah anakan. Bahan humat dengan carrier zeolit dapat meningkatkan produksi melalui bobot gabah kering giling. Pemberian bahan humat 15 liter/ Ha dengan carrier zeolit 10 kg/liter bahan humat meningkatkan produksi sebesar 13%.
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Judul: Aplikasi Bahan Humat dengan Carrier Zeolit untuk Meningkatkan Produksi Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) pada Latosol Bogor.
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of wet-tropical countries having high temperature and rainfall so that leaching in soil is very intensive. This condition makes nutritions in the soil decrease significantly and declining crop production. Many efforts have been done for increasing food crop production without damaging soil characteristics and causing environmental pollution such as application of chemical fertilizer with accurate dossage accompanied by addition of organic fertilizer. However, soil need organic fertilizer in large amount for improving soil characteristics and increase food crop production. Humic substance which is extracted from organic matter can substitute organic fertilizer. Generally, humic substance is applied in liquid form with a small amount, therefore it need a carrier to make the application easy and the humic substance is not easily leached. Zeolite that has porous structure is material potential to be used as carrier of humic substance. Application of humic substance with zeolite as carrier is expected to increase production of food crop such as corn. This experiment consists of field experiment that was conducted in agricultural land at Sindangbarang District, Bogor City, green house experiment that was conducted in University Farm IPB, and soil and plant analysis in chemist and soil fertility, Laboratory of the Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University. Field experiment is arranged in a randomized block design 2 factorial with 2 replications. Treatment is consist of 1 control, 3 humic substance treatment (A5, A10, and A15), 2 zeolite treatment (Z10, and Z20), and 6 combination humic substance and zeolite treatment (A5Z10, A10Z10, A15Z10, A5Z20, A10Z20, and A15Z20). The results showed that application of humic substance with zeolite as carrier gave a better effect for increasing corn production than application of humic substance or zeolite itself. Humic substance with zeolite as carrier can increase P-available and CEC of soil. Moreover, humic substance with zeolite as carrier increased nitrogen level in corn leaf. The growth of corn increased with the increase of root weight and plant height. The optimum and profitable dosage of humic substance with zeolite as carrier was 10 liters humic substance/ha with 20 kg zeolite as carrier/liter humic substance because it showed the biggest increase corn production or 19% increase than plants without application of humic substance with zeolite as carrier and gave profit up to Rp 1.212.000,00/ha per planting season. This dosage can be recommend by farmer.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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