Judul: The Use of Vertical Bait to the Catch of The Lift Net in Palabuhanratu Bay
Abstrak: Penggunaan umpan secara vertikal dilakukan karena adanya dugaan sifat ikan yang menyukai besaran iluminasi cahaya tertentu sehingga ikan tersebar pada kedalaman yang berbeda. Umpan vertikal berfungsi untuk memikat dan mengumpulkan ikan pada area penangkapan bagan apung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan komposisi hasil tangkapan bagan apung perlakuan dan kontrol, menentukan pengaruh penggunaan umpan vertikal terhadap jumlah total hasil tangkapan dan frekuensi hauling. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode experimental fishing dengan analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa total hasil tangkapan bagan apung memperoleh 19 jenis ikan dengan 5 jenis ikan dominan yaitu ikan tembang (Sardinella gibbosa), lisong (Euthynnus affinis), pepetek (Leiognathus equulus), semar (Mene maculate), dan cumi-cumi (Loligo sp). Penggunaan umpan vertikal berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil tangkapan bagan apung dan frekuensi hauling bagan apung perlakuan berjumlah 82 kali, frekuensi tersebut lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan bagan apung kontrol yang hanya berjumlah 50 kali., The initial indication of using vertical baits is that some fish are attracted by a certain amount of luminance so that the fish are depth-stratified. Vertical baits can help luring a large amount of fish at the nearby fishing ground. The purpose of this study is to compare results between the catch of the controlled variable (commercial floating liftnets) and liftnet with vertical baits, to determine the impacts of using vertical baits to the total catch and hauling frequency of the liftnet. The method used to conduct this study is experimental fishing with descriptive and statistics data analysis. Results showed that the catch could make as 19 species caught, with 5 most dominant species. Those are; goldstripe gardinella (Sardinella gibbosa), mackerel tuna (Euthynnus affinis), common ponyfish (Leiognathus equllus), moonfish (Mene maculata), and squids (Loligo sp). The results concluded that by using vertical baits had indeed a significant impact to the total catch and the hauling frequency with the number of 82. It was indeed improved plenty more than the controlled variable which is only 50 times.
Keyword: Attractor, bait, hauling, lift net, vertical

Judul: Penggunaan Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus  rubellus) pada Umpan Vertikal terhadap Hasil Tangkapan Bagan Apung di  Perairan Teluk Palabuhanratu
Abstrak: Umpan vertikal digunakan sebagai alat bantu penangkapan ikan pada alat tangkap bagan apung. Umpan yang berasal dari laut tidak selalu tersedia selama musim penangkapan sehingga digunakan atraktor berupa cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) yang berasal dari darat dan tersedia sepanjang tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan komposisi hasil tangkapan bagan apung perlakuan dengan bagan apung kontrol, mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan umpan vertikal dan menentukan frekuensi hauling bagan apung perlakuan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah experimental fishing dengan pengulangan sebanyak 20 kali. Analisis data yang dilakukan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik yaitu uji mann-whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 10 jenis ikan hasil tangkapan pada bagan apung perlakuan dan 8 jenis ikan pada bagan apung kontrol. Penggunaan atraktor cacing tanah sebagai umpan alternatif berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat total hasil tangkapan bagan apung dengan nilai signifikansi uji mann-whitney sebesar 0,014. Berat total hasil tangkapan pada bagan apung perlakuan adalah 944,2 kg dan pada bagan apung kontrol seberat 435.2 kg. Frekuensi hauling bagan apung perlakuan selama 20 trip penangkapan sebanyak 118 kali dan bagan apung kontrol sebanyak 101 kali., Vertical baits are used as auxiliary gear in floating lift nets. The bait that comes from the sea is not always available during the fishing season, so an attractor called earthworms (Lumbricus rubellus) is used, which comes from land and is available throughout the year. The purposes of this study are to compare the caught fish of the lift net with vertical bait and the controllable lift net (without vertical bait), to determine the effect of using vertical bait and determine the hauling frequency of the lift net with vertical bait. The method used in this research was experimental fishing with 20 repetitions. The data analysis used was descriptive and statistical, namely the Mann-Whitney test. The results show that the lift net with bait caught ten fish species, and the lift net without bait only caught eight species of fish. The use of an earthworm attractor as an alternative bait had a significant effect on the total weight of the floating lift net catch, with the significance value of the Mann-Whitney test of 0.014. The total weight of the catch on the floating lift net with vertical bait was 944.2 kg, and on the controlled floating lift net was 435.2 kg. The total number of hauling on the floating lift net with vertical bait for 20 trips was 118 times, and the controlled floating lift net was 101 times.
Keyword: liftnet, earthworm, bait, vertical, palabuhanratu

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
Keyword: