Judul: Dampak Konversi Lahan Sawah di Jawa dan Luar Jawa terhadap Ketersediaan dan Akses Pangan Nasional
Abstrak: To ensure sustainable food availability and accessibility in Indonesia, it is needed the policy that could reduce the persistent wetland conversion in Java that tends to incerase, since Java has been contribution of 60 percent of national rice. This study disaggregated into Jawa and outside Java. The purposes of this study are at: (1) analyzing the factors affecting wetland conversion in Java and outside Java, (2) analyzing the impacts of wetland conversion in Java and outside Java on national food availability and accessibility, (3) analyzing the impact of economic policies implementation in agricultural sector on national food availability and accessibility, as well as on changing of welfare indicators. The model specification was done that included dynamic simultaneous equations which consisted of 19 behavioral equations and 22 identities, model identification performed by using the order condition criteria, while model estimation conducted by employing 2-SLS method. The results of study indicated that wetland conversion has had been compensated by import. Therefore, decreased food availability and accessibility per capita were under-estimated. Price policy became ineffective if at the same time the government also ran import rice policy. The mix policies implementation through instruments: increased the real price of unhusked rice of by 15 percent, decreased the real price of Urea fertilizer of by 10 percent and decreased import quotas of by 37.5 percent were considered as the best policy when wetland conversion increased by 1 percent. This mix policy has positive impact both on producers (farmers) and government; except for consumer. Development of economic region that still focused in Java should be directed to the outside Java in order to reduce the persistent wetland conversion by implementing locally specific policies.
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Judul: Dampak Konversi Lahan Sawah dan Industrialisasi terhadap Transformasi Tenaga Kerja di Pulau Jawa
Abstrak: Java is the biggest rice supplier with the largest wetland compared to other islands in Indonesia. However as the most of non-agricultural activities occur in Java, Java suffered from largest wetland conversion. The aims of the reseach were analyzing the wetland conversion in Java spatially, comparing the wetland conversion rate and rice productivity, economic and population growth as well as viewing the influence of wetland conversion rate, industrialization and other factors to the rate of labor transformation from agricultural to industrial sector. Result of spatial analizing using Arc View showed largest wetland conversion from 1986 to 2010 occured in biggest cities and composing economic regions. From the linear trends of wetland availability and rice production, the rice production still increased annually although the availability of wetland decreased. In every region there is disparity of relative productivity between industry and agricultural sector. From 2000 to 2010, some disparities are convergent and some other are divergent due to fluctuation of share of GDP and amount of labor. The econometric result using Eviews 7 in estimating panel data from 2001 to 2010 to predict the effect of GDP and population showed that GDP and population significantly effect on wetland availability. In predicting some factor that influence the labor transformation, the multiple regression model showed only education index that significantly effect the labor transformation from agricultural to industry sector. Other factors such as rate of wetland conversion, disparity of relative productivity between agricultural and industry sector do not significantly cause the shift of labor from agricultural to industrial sector. Tipology of labor based industry presented the biggest addition to transformation rate compare to capital based and natural resources based industries.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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