Judul: Struktur dan Karakteristik Optik Lapisan Semikonduktos Cu2O (Cuprous oxide) Hasil Deposisi Elektrokimia
Abstrak: Ballan semikonduktor Cu2O (Ctiprotis oxide) dipilih karena lnemiliki banyak keuntungan antara lain ; relatif murah, bahan dasar (Cu) mudah didapat, dan tidak beracun. Banyak metode deposisi telah digunakan untuk menghasilkan lapisan semikonduktor Cu,O, dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode deposisi elektrokimia. Deposisi elektrokimia dilakukan scbanyak dua salnpel dengan variasi tegangan -500 mV (sampel I ) dan 4 0 0 mV (sampel 2) terhadap SCE. Lapisan selnikonduktor Cu20 diatas kaca TCO yang dihasilkan dikal-akterisasi kristalografi (XRD), morfologi (SEM), dan optiknya (Spektrofotometer UV-VIS). Melalui karakterisasi XRD diketahui semikonduktor Cu20 yang terbentuk adalah polikristal.
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Judul: Karakterisasi optik lapisan semikonduktor Cu2O yang dibuat dengan metode deposisi kimia
Abstrak: Semikonduktor Cu2O telah dipertimbangkan sebagai material yang digunakan untuk membuat sel surya dengan biaya rendah dan mudah dibuat dengan metoda deposisi kimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan sifat optik pada sampel dengan ketebalan yang berbeda dan pada sampel yang diberi perlakuan pemanasan (annealing). Ketebalan lapisan memberikan pengaruh terhadap beberapa sifat optik material antara lain absorbansi, transmitansi, reflektansi dan indeks bias. Semakin tebal lapisan akan menyebabkan nilai absorbansi, reflektansi dan indeks bias semakin besar, dan nilai transmitansi semakin kecil. Perlakuan panas juga merubah beberapa sifat optik yang dipelajari. Semakin panas suhu annealing yang diterapkan, menyebabkan nilai absorbansi, reflektansi dan indeks bias semakin kecil, sedangkan nilai transmitansi semakin besar. Pendugaan band gap menggunakan kurva (αhυ)2 vs. hυ menunjukkan bahwa sampel semikonduktor Cu2O berada di antara 2,35 – 2,42 eV.
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates