Judul: Study of Banana (Cv. Mas Kirana) Storage in Active Modified Atmosphere Packaging using Potassium Permanganate
Abstrak: Cv. Mas Kirana is one of popular banana variety commonly grown in Indonesia and the mainstay of banana industry for both domestic and export trades. Major constraints and problem associated with postharvest handling of fresh banana are short shelf life and lack of postharvest handling. There is a need to find appropriate storage method in order to extend the storage life to mantain the fruit quality for retail packaging for domestic market. Modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) is an ideal preservation technique and is known to have great potential to extending the postharvest life of banana with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) sachets as ethylene absorbent were used in MAP to absorb endogenously produced ethylene. The purpose of this study was to evaluated for fruit quality and shelf life under MAP packaging, with or without an (KMnO4). The data obtained from physico chemical analysis and sensory evaluation were analyzed statically for analysis of variance with Duncan test (p<0.05) was used to detect significant differences for the treatment means. The results indicate that the shelf life of fruits packed under White Stretch Film (WSF) with KMnO4 (active MAP) at 28 °C could be extended up to 10 days compared to 6 days for banana control packed under WSF without KMnO4 (passive MAP), and the shelf life of fruits packed under active MAP at 15 °C could be extended up to 24 days compared to 16 days for passive MAP. Active MAP treatments delayed weight loss, colour, texture, starch content, total soluble solids (TSS), ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) and pulp of water content as compared to control banana (passive MAP). Sensory quality (colour, texture, aroma, and taste) of fully ripe fruits of both WSF without KMnO4 and WSF with KMnO4 was very good.
Keyword: Active modified atmosfir packaging, potassium permanganate, ethylene absorbent, banana

Judul: Application of KMnO4-Based Ethylene Adsorber
Active Packaging in Cavendish Banana Distribution Packaging (Case Study of PT
XYZ)
Abstrak: Pisang merupakan salah satu produk holtikultura dengan potensi besar untuk dikembangkan dan memilki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Namun, pisang termasuk dalam buah klimakterik yang memiliki tingkat respirasi dan produksi etilen tinggi setelah masa panen sehingga berdampak pada umur simpan yang singkat. Hal ini menjadi tantangan signifikan bagi distributor, karena dapat menghambat jangkauan distribusi dan meningkatkan resiko kerusakan buah sebelum mencapai konsumen akhir. Upaya untuk mempertahankan kesegaran produk selama proses distribusi dan transportasi adalah dengan penggunaan teknologi kemasan aktif penjerap etilen. Bahan penjerap berbasis KMnO4 dengan media arang aktif bekerja dengan menjerap etilen yang diproduksi oleh buah dan mengoksidasi etilen sehingga menghambat proses kematangan. Bahan aktif perlu dikemas agar tidak terjadi kontak langsung dengan produk pangan karena bersifat toksik sehingga dapat merusak mutu buah. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi karakteristik material kemasan dengan pengujian sifat fisik dan mekanis meliputi gramatur, densitas, indeks tarik dan regangan putus, dan ketahanan gesek. Serta analisis fisik mutu buah untuk mengetahui pengaruh kemasan aktif selama penyimpanan yaitu dengan uji warna dan umur simpan berdasarkan tingkat kematangan. Hasil pengujian diperoleh bahwa material litho paper lebih baik sebagai wadah pembungkus untuk bahan penjerap etilen dibandingkan meltblown nonwoven karena memilki nilai kekuatan yang lebih tinggi, resiko kebocoran rendah, dan nilai estetika yang terjaga. Perlakuan terbaik dalam mempertahankan kualitas mutu buah yaitu diperoleh pada pengemasan litho paper dengan penyimpanan suhu optimal mampu memperlambat proses degreening dan meningkatkan umur simpan buah pisang Cavendish menjadi 6 hari penyimpanan dibandingkan kontrol hanya bertahan 3 hari., Bananas are one of the horticultural products with significant potential for development and high economic value. However, bananas are classified as climacteric fruits, which have high respiration rates and ethylene production after harvest, resulting in a short shelf life. This poses a significant challenge for distributors as it can hinder distribution reach and increase the risk of fruit damage before reaching the end consumer. Efforts to maintain product freshness during distribution and transportation involve the use of active packaging technology to absorb ethylene. KMnO4-based absorbents with activated carbon media work by adsorbing the ethylene produced by the fruit and oxidizing it, thereby inhibiting the ripening process. The active material needs to be packaged to prevent direct contact with food products due to its toxic nature, which could degrade fruit quality. The research aims to identify the characteristics of packaging materials by testing their physical and mechanical properties, including grammage, density, tensile strength and elongation at break, and friction resistance. Additionally, the physical quality of the fruit is analyzed to determine the impact of active packaging during storage through color testing and shelf life based on ripening stages. Test results indicate that litho paper is superior as a wrapping container for ethylene absorbents compared to meltblown nonwoven, due to its higher strength, lower risk of leakage, and maintained aesthetic value. The best treatment for preserving fruit quality is achieved with litho paper packaging under optimal storage conditions, which can delay the degreening process and extend the shelf life of Cavendish bananas to 6 days compared to the control, which only lasts 3 days.
Keyword: Kemasan aktif, Pisang Cavendish, umur simpan, penjerap etilen

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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