Judul: Frugivor Flies on Chili Fruit in Various Regions of Java Island
Abstrak: Cabai merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian hortikultura utama di Indonesia. Produktivitas cabai mengalami penurunan oleh adanya serangan serangga pemakan buah (Frugivor). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi lalat frugivor pada cabai di berbagai lokasi di Jawa. Terdapat 302 lalat frugivor yang keluar dari buah cabai, dengan komposisi Silba capsicarum (60.9%), Atherigona orientalis (22.9%), lalat Drosophilidae (10.2%), dan Bactrocera dorsalis (5.9%). Lalat S. capsicarum ditemukan di Banten dan Jawa Barat, tetapi tidak ditemukan di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Parasitoid yang ditemukan dari buah terserang adalah Fopius arisanus dan Aganaspis daci., Chili is a major horticultural crop in Indonesia. Chili production is hampered by various insects attacking fruits. This study aimed to make an inventory of frugivorous flies of chilies in certain locations in Java. There were 302 frugivorous flies emerged from the infested chili fruit, with a composition of Silba capsicarum (60.9%), Atherigona orientalis (22.9%), a drosophilid (10.2%), and Bactrocera dorsalis (5.9%). S. capsicarum were found in Banten and West Java, but absent in Central Java and East Java. The parasitoids that emerged from infested fruits were Fopius arisanus and Aganaspis daci.
Keyword: Chili, flies, parasitoid

Judul: Frugivorous Flies and Other Insects Associated with Various Fruits in Several Districts of East Java
Abstrak: Buah-buahan adalah komoditas hortikultura yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi di Indonesia. Salah satu hambatan dalam budi daya buah-buahan adalah keberadaan lalat frugivor yang dapat menurunkan kualitas dan kuantitas buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi lalat frugivor dan serangga lainnya yang berasosiasi dengan berbagai buah-buahan di Jawa Timur. Pengambilan sampel buah di lapangan dilakukan secara purposive, lalu dipelihara di laboratorium hingga muncul imago dan diidentifikasi. Lalat frugivor yang ditemukan meliputi tiga spesies dari famili Tephritidae, yaitu Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock yang menginfestasi jambu biji, jambu air, belimbing, mangga; Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel yang mengisfestasi jambu biji, jambu air, jeruk manis, mangga, apel; Bactrocera albistrigata de Meijere yang menginfestasi jambu air, jambu biji; serta tiga spesies dari famili Drosophilidae yaitu, Drosophila melanogaster Meigen yang merupakan saprofag, muncul dari buah terserang oleh lalat buah atau serangga lainnya; Zaprionus bogoriensis Mainx menginfestasi jambu air, belimbing, jeruk manis; sedangkan Scaptodrosophila lurida Walker ditemukan pada jeruk manis. Parasitoid Aganaspis daci Weld (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) muncul dari jambu biji yang terserang lalat buah. Terdapat serangga polinator yang muncul dari loa yaitu Ceratosolen fusciceps Mayr (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), serta serangga nonpolinator yaitu Platineura agraensis Joseph (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), Platyneura mayri Rasplus (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), dan Apocrypta westwoodi Grandi (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae), Fruits are horticultural commodities having a high economic value in Indonesia. One of the obstacles in fruit cultivation is the infestation of frugivorous flies which decreases the quality and quantity of fruits. This research aimed to make an inventory of frugivorous flies and other insects associated with various fruits in East Java. Fruits were collected from the fields, brought to laboratory, and maintained individually in the plastic cup until flies emergence. The frugivorous flies of the family Tephritidae emerged were Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock which infested guava, water apple, starfruit, mango; Bactrocera dorsalis Hendel from guava, water apple, sweet orange, mango, apple; Bactrocera albistrigata de Meijere from water apple, guava; flies of the family Drosophilidae were a saprophagous Drosophila melanogaster Meigen that emerged from various fruits; Zaprionus bogoriensis Mainx emerged from water apple, starfruit, sweet orange; and Scaptodrosophila lurida Walker emerged from sweet orange. Parasitoid Aganaspis daci Weld (Hymenoptera: Figitidae) emerged from fruit flyinfested guavas. Insects associated with fig included a pollinator Ceratosolen fusciceps Mayr (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), and non-pollinator insects consisted of Platineura agraensis Joseph (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), Platyneura mayri Rasplus (Hymenoptera: Agaonidae), and Apocrypta westwoodi Grandi (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae)
Keyword: Fruit Flies, Parasitoid, Pollinator

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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