Judul: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE AND WAGE SCALE BASED ON THE TWO-POINT METHOD AT SMALL ENTERPRISES CULINARY SECTOR IN CIBINONG DISTRICT
Abstrak: Wabah pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia sejak awal 2020 – 2023 mengakibatkan perekonomian tidak stabil. Namun, perekonomian di Indonesia mampu ditopang oleh UMKM. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas UMKM tidak hanya dalam aspek penjualan namun sistem manajerial salah satunya melalui kompensasi. Permenaker No.1 Tahun 2017 mewajibkan setiap Usaha memiliki Struktur dan Skala Upah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Struktur dan Skala Upah Usaha Kecil Kuliner menggunakan metode dua titik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Agustus 2023 di Kecamatan Cibinong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive samping dengan jumlah sampel 10 Usaha Kecil (104 karyawan).Struktur dan Skala Upah dianalisis melalui metode 2 titik menggunakan micesoft excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap Usaha Kecil sudah menggaji karyawan sesuai Struktur dan Skala Upah Rekomendasi karena sudah dalam keadaan inpaid sehingga Struktur dan Skala Upah dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan tanpa perlu adanya penambahan biaya operasional gaji
Keyword: Culinary, Financial Compensation, Small Enterprises, Structure and Wage Scale, Two-Point Method

Judul: Analysis and Design of Pay Structures and Scales for Medium Enterprises in the Culinary Sector in Bogor City
Abstrak: Peraturan Menteri Ketenagakerjaan No. 1 Tahun 2017 mewajibkan pengusaha untuk menyusun struktur dan skala upah (SSU) tetapi masih banyak usaha yang belum menerapkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi sistem kompensasi yang diterima karyawan usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor, menganalisis perbandingan kompensasi pada usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor secara internal dan eksternal, dan menyusun struktur dan skala upah bagi usaha kecil sektor kuliner di Kota Bogor berdasarkan metode dua titik. Pengumpulan dan pengolahan data dilakukan pada Januari 2024 hingga Juni 2024. Jenis data meliputi data primer (wawancara, kuesioner) dan data sekunder dari website Pemerintahan dan literatur yang relevan. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, salary survey, salary mapping, dan metode dua titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata upah internal masih berada di bawah upah eksternal. Selain itu pada penelitian ini terdapat rekomendasi struktur dan skala upah yang dapat dijadikan acuan guna pengembangan UMKM.
Keyword: Compensation, Two-Point Method, Salary Survey, Wage Structure and Scale

Judul: Application of phycocyanin from microalgae Spirulina platensis as light harvesting in anatase TiO2 nanoparticle solar cell.
Abstrak: The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been assemblied used hybrid titanium oxide (TiO2) film/phycocyanin. The TiO2 film was synthesized by sol gel method with titanium chlorida (TiCl4) as precursor by hydrolysis used sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Furthermore, it calcinated for 2,5 hours in variation of annealing temperature (400oC, 600oC, 800oC, dan 1000oC). In XRD patterns exhibited which annealing temperature at 400oC to 800oC were anatase phase all. When annealed at temperature 1000oC, it caused phase transformation from anatase to rutile. The crystals size according to XRD patterns were 13,75 nm, 20,79 nm, 25,25 nm, 48,88 nm and particle size from SEM images were 43,06 nm, 44,91 nm dan 64,99 nm, 80,40 nm, respectively. The crystals and particle size increased with annealing temperature. The film thickness influenced material absorption. The optical measurement of TiO2 film and TiO2/phycocyanin hybrid film used UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Additional phycocyanin caused peak width of absorbed region from ultraviolet to visible region. The band gap energy of TiO2 can be calculated using the cut off wavelength obtained from the absorbance spectrum of a nanoparticles TiO2 films. Based on intersection between linear and energy (hv) axis. In this study just limited for anatase phase. It was caused anatase band gap is wider than rutile phase. That’s meaningful for solar cell application such as dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The absorption coefficient average at difference annealing temperature such as at 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 8,1600x102, 1,7535x103 and 4,0154x102, where α < 104 include to direct transition. Band gap energy 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 3,79 eV, 3,59 eV, and 3,35 eV, respectively. Based on this result, exhibition that band gap energy of TiO2 semiconductor film decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Spirulina platensis was cultivated in technical modification (Hastuti) with aeration under light intensity about 3000 lux. The cell density (stationer phase) for eighth day which OD value was more than 0,5. It means, the culture can be harvested. In 80 liters Spirulina platensis culture have been produced biomass dry about 10,46 gram and extracted phycocyanin in dry powders was 5,50 gram. The phycocyanin absorption spectrum at the wavelength of 619,36 nm (visible region) which had relaxation energy was 2,945 eV. The emission peak at the wavelength of 708,55 nm with relaxation energy about 2,793 eV. The Stokes shift based on difference energy absorption and emission calculated about 0,152 eV. Both of this showed phycocyanin can absorbed and radiated the sun light which received. This choice characteristic pigment was a good one related to sensitizer in solar cell application. Integration between light harvesting protein and TiO2 semiconductor surface had important role in improving of output as solar cell materials. The presence of carboxylate group (-COOH) made pigment be more efficient was due to anchored to the surface of TiO2 ampoter. The phycocyanin pigment had carboxylate group which reacted with TiO2 surface formed ester. The carboxylate group increased of dye electronics couple from excited state (p anti bonding orbital) to semiconductor acceptor state (TiO2 conduction band). The samples which made based on annealing temperature variation formed be solar cell respectively. Furthermore, cells be assembled for
Keyword: anatase, dye sensitized solar cell, efficiency, gap energy, phycocyanin