Judul: Interaksi Tritrofik dan Keanekaragaman Parasitoid pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Jambi
Abstrak: Interaksi trofik antara tanaman, hama dan musuh alami khususnya parasitoid memegang kunci utama dalam pengendalian hayati pada budi daya kelapa sawit. Kestabilan interaksi trofik dapat menekan tingkat serangan dan kerapatan hama pada perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari interaksi trofik antara kelapa sawit, hama dan parasitoid serta mengidentifikasi faktor yang memengaruhi keberadaan parasitoid dan menganalisis peran penting parasitoid pada perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada kebun kelapa sawit milik rakyat dan perkebunan kelapa sawit milik PT. Humusindo dari bulan April hingga Juni 2016. Pengambilan serangga dilakukan dengan metode pengambilan langsung, perangkap kuning (yellow sticky trap) yang diletakkan pada pangkal batang dan kanopi, serta menggunakan jaring serangga dalam plot yang berukuran 100 m x 100 m (100 tanaman kelapa sawit). Sampel berupa telur, larva dan pupa serangga hama diamati untuk mengetahui jenis parasitoid dan laju parasitisasinya. Sampel serangga hama dan parasitoid diidentifikasi sampai tingkat morfospesies. Jumlah hama yang ditemukan adalah sebanyak 15 morfospesies sedangkan jumlah parasitoid yang didapat adalah sebanyak 129 morfospesies. Limacodidae merupakan inang yang paling banyak berinteraksi dengan parasitoid, salah satu parasitoidnya adalah dari famili Braconidae. Keberadaan parasitoid di lahan kelapa sawit dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan inang dan vegetasi tanaman berbunga.
Keyword: hama, kelapa sawit, parasitoid, pengendalian hayati

Judul: Keanekaragaman Hama dan Parasitoid pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Jambi
Abstrak: One of the most important ecosystem service is biological control since it provide natural control and prevents pest population build up. Biological control is quite widely practiced in various types of ecosystems, including in the oil palm plantations. One aspect that is important in the practice of biological control is parasitoid abundance and wealth, as natural enemies of pests of oil palm. The objective of this research was to study the diversity of pests and its parasitoids at various age levels in oil palm plantation. Field observations were conducted 4, 6, 8, and 10- years old of oil palm plantation in Jambi from February to April 2014. Insects were collected using direct observation and yellow pan trap (YPT). Traps were placed on the canopy and stem on 50x50 m plots (consisting of 36 palm trees). Pests that were collected from direct observation were reared and identified in the laboratory. Parasitoids which emerge from pests as well as from traps were all identified until morpho-species or species level. Overall, 525 individuals were collected. The most dominant pests found in the field was Lymantriidae. There was no correlation between pest abundance and age of oil palm. Nineteen species of parasitoids were found be associated with pests from the oil palm. The dominant parasitoids from the family Eulophidae and Braconidae. These parasitoids parasitized the dominant pest from Lymantriidae, Psychidae, and Limacodidae families with parasitization rate that varies from 1.61-14.29%. Pest populations affected by phenology and plant architecture cause movement and increased pest attack while parasitoid populations affected by the presence of flowering plants as food source of adult parasitoids.
Keyword: direct observation, habitat transformation, parasitoid, yellow pan trap

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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