Judul: Effectiveness of Combination Arabic  Gum and Keji Beling Leaf Infusion as Antidiarrheal in Mice
Abstrak: Gum arab dan daun keji beling merupakan dua herbal yang telah banyak dimanfaatkan dalam pengobatan tradisional dan diketahui memiliki kandungan fitonutrien yang berpotensi sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas kombinasi infusa gum arab dan daun keji beling (Strobilanthes crispa Bl.) sebagai antidiare, menentukan konsentrasi yang paling efektif dalam memberikan efek antidiare, serta menguji aktivitas antidiarenya pada mencit. Pengujian efektivitas antidiare dilakukan dengan metode proteksi intestinal dan transit intestinal untuk mengetahui kemampuan sediaan dalam menghambat frekuensi defekasi, memperbaiki konsistensi feses, dan mengurangi motilitas usus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kombinasi infusa gum arab dan infusa daun keji beling dengan konsentrasi 50% efektif dalam menghambat diare pada mencit. Namun, konsentrasi 100%, 25%, dan 12,5% tidak menunjukkan adanya efek antidiare. Aktivitas antidiare kombinasi infusa gum arab dan daun keji beling ditunjukan oleh penurunan frekuensi defekasi, perbaikan konsistensi feses, dan penghambatan motilitas usus., Arabic gum and keji beling leaves are two herbs widely used in traditional medicine and are known to contain phytonutrients that have the potential as an antidiarrheal. The purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of a combination of gum arabic and keji beling (Strobilanthes crispa Bl.) leaf infusion as an antidiarrheal, to find the most effective concentration for giving antidiarrheal effects and to test its antidiarrheal activity on mice. The effectiveness of the antidiarrheal was evaluated using the intestinal protection and intestinal transit methods to determine the preparation's capacity to reduce defecation frequency, improve stool consistency, and reduce intestinal motility. Based on the results of this study, it was concluded that a mixture of 50% gum arabic infusion and keji beling leaf infusion could effectively prevent diarrhea in mice. However, 100%, 25%, and 12.5% concentrations had no such effect. The antidiarrheal activity of the combination of gum arabic and keji beling leaf infusion was indicated by a decrease in the frequency of defecation, improvement in stool consistency, and inhibition of intestinal motility.
Keyword: antidiarrheal, arabic gum, keji beling

Judul: Efficacy of Gum Arabic Infusion as an Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Gum arab digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia untuk mengobati beberapa penyakit. Beberapa senyawa aktif antidiare seperti saponin, tanin, dan flavonoid terkandung dalam gum arab. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi antidiare infusa gum arab menggunakan metode proteksi intestinal dan transit intestinal serta menentukan konsentrasi yang paling efektif pada mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga puluh ekor mencit jantan yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok yang terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif (tween 80 [1%]), kontrol positif (loperamide HCI), dan empat kelompok perlakuan infusa gum arab dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (12,5 %, 25%, 50%, dan 100%). Hasil metode proteksi intestinal menunjukkan bahwa semua kelompok konsentrasi infusa gum arab memiliki efek antidiare. Hasil metode transit intestinal menunjukkan hanya 12,5% kelompok konsentrasi yang memiliki aktivitas antidiare, sehingga disimpulkan konsentrasi 12,5% memiliki efek antidiare terbaik, Gum arabic is used by Indonesians to treat several diseases. Several active antidiarrheal compounds such as saponins, tannins, and flavonoids are present in gum arabic. This study aimed to determine the antidiarrheal efficacy of gum arabic infusion using intestinal protection and intestinal transit methods and determine the most effective concentrations in mice. This study used thirty male mice, which were divided into six groups consisting of a negative control (tween 80 [1%]), a positive control (loperamide HCI), and four treatment groups of gum arabic infusion with graded concentrations (12,5%, 25%, 50%, 100%). The intestinal protection methods result showed that all gum arabic infusion concentration groups had antidiarrheal effects. The intestinal transit methods showed that only 12,5% concentration group had antidiarrheal activity, it was concluded that concentration of 12,5% had the best antidiarrheal effect.
Keyword: antidiarrheal, gum arabic, infusion, intestinal protection, intestinal transit

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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