Judul: Study On Loose Fruit Losses Of Oil Palm Harvesting At Region Ii Of Ptp Nusantara Iv North Sumatera
Abstrak: CPO industry grows well for the time being since the word demand keeps increasing. In the spectrum of industries, CPO is classified as upstream industry. In this regard, low cost plays a very important role for competition. Many ways can be made for minimizing the cost, few of those are increasing efficiencies and decreasing the production losses. LFL (loose fruit losses) was still a significant problem in Region II of PTP Nusantara IV. The direct and indirect losses which was generated could amount to more than Rp 30 billion per year. Considering the worth and the future effect, LFL was a strategic problem, therefore the better solution was very urgent. The objectives of this study were to estimate the magnitude of LFL on the basis of both interview and field checking, to identify factors affecting LFL and to formulate strategies for minimizing LFL. A survey on LFL was carried out by interviewing 68 respondents comprised three estate managers, three senior assistants, 14 field assistants, seven first foremen, six harvesting foremen and 35 harvesters. Based on the interview, it was found that the average magnitude of LFL was 6.25. On the other hand, the field checking in five representative locations found that the number of LFL was 17.46. Since the later was more reliable, it was used as a factor of correction for the interview-based LFL distributions. Technically, the maximum tolerable limit of LFL per tree was 1.25 and economically the limit was 1.7. The existing LFL was beyond these limits. Quantitatively, a regression between LFL and interrow weeding cost (Ca), pruning cost (Pr) and individual area size of harvesting (Az) was made. An equation of LFL61.5+0.00275 Ca-0.00348 Pr+ 1.21 Az was found. As illustrated by its R-sq, the three variables explained 55.7% the variation of LFL. The rest was descriptively explained by qualitative factors namely method of harvesting, tool being used, harvesting rotation, height of tree, topography, harvesting criteria, harvesting quality, rainfall, harvesting period, supervision and infrastructure. The samples who agreed that the mentioned factors affected the number of LFL were 76, 28, 75, 87, 84, 100, etc..
Keyword: CPO, TOWS Analysis, Palm Oil, Harvesting, Fruit

Judul: Harvesting Management of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera
Abstrak: Panen merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang penting pada pengelolaan tanaman kelapa sawit. Keberhasilan panen dicapai dengan menghasilkan produktivitas tandan buah yang tinggi dengan kandungan rendemen minyak yang tinggi serta kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) yang rendah sehingga manajemen panen harus dilaksanakan secara optimal. Kegiatan magang mempelajari manajemen pemanenan kelapa sawit yaitu perencanaan panen, pengorganisasian panen, pelaksanaan panen, dan evaluasi panen. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Negeri Lama Selatan, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, Sumatera Utara mulai bulan Januari hingga Mei 2022. Kegiatan magang bekerja secara langsung sebagai pekerja harian lepas (PHL), pendamping mandor, dan pendamping asisten afdeling untuk mempelajari aspek teknis dan manajerial. Manajemen panen merupakan aspek khusus yang diamati dalam kegiatan magang. Rotasi panen terpanjang mencapai 13 hari, sedangkan standar perusahaan adalah 10 hari. Penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) tergolong cukup baik. Kapasitas panen terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan karena pekerja memperoleh basis harian yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata AKP sebesar 20,18% dan rata-rata varian sebesar 2,41%. Kebutuhan tenaga panen diperoleh taksasi sebesar 15,61 dan realisasi sebesar 14,20. Transportasi panen relatif singkat dengan rata-rata waktu yang ditempuh 12,13 menit, rata-rata jarak 2,16 km, dan rata-rata kecepatan 10,88 km jam-1. Persentase mutu buah sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dengan tidak ada buah mentah, buah matang 96,74%, buah terlalu matang 2,55%, dan buah busuk 1,71%. Kehilangan hasil di lapangan sebesar 1,88 butir pokok-1. Penerapan sistem evaluasi, denda, dan premi panen dilakukan untuk menjaga tercapainya basis dan kualitas panen., Harvesting is one of the most important activities in oil palm management. Successful harvesting is achieved by producing high fruit bunch productivity with high oil yield and low free fatty acid (FFE) content, so harvest management must be carried out optimally. The internship studies oil palm harvesting management, namely harvest planning, harvest organization, harvest implementation, and harvest evaluation. The internship was carried out at Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera from January to May 2022. Interns work directly as casual daily workers, accompanying field supervisor, and accompanying afdeling assistant to learn technical and managerial aspects. Harvest management is a specific aspect observed in the internship. The longest harvest rotation reached 13 days, while the company standard is 10 days. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is quite good. There is a significant difference in harvesting capacity because workers get a set daily basis. The average plant harvest density (AKP) is 20.18% and the average variance is 2.41%. The demand for harvesters was estimated at 15.61 and realized at 14.20. Harvest transportation is relatively short, with an average time taken of 12.13 minutes, an average distance of 2.16 km, and an average speed of 10.88 km h-1. The percentage of fruit quality is in accordance with company standards, with no unripe fruit, 96.74% ripe fruit, 2.55% overripe fruit, and 1.71% rotten fruit. The yield loss in the field was 1.88 loose fruit plant-1. A system of evaluation, penalty, and harvest reward was implemented to maintain the achievement of yield basis and quality.
Keyword: harvest labor, harvest maturity criteria, harvest rotation, yield loss

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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