Judul: Arang Aktif Berbahan Baku sebagai Penyerap Polutan Gas dalam Media Kertas
Abstrak: Bamboo as a lignocellulosic material has a good prospects to be processed as an activated carbon due to its availability and low cost. The purpose of this study was to provide activated carbon from bamboo. The activation was done through 2 methods, i.e. chemical activation (KOH immersion) and physical activation (steamed). The quality indikator of the product was characterized by Indonesian National Standard (SNI 06-3730-1995) to be used as paper filler. In this experiment, the best activated carbon was the KOH treatment and steam as the activator at a temperature of 800 °C for 120 minutes. The characteristics include moisture content of 8.14%, volatile matter 9.08%, ash 16.45%, bound carbon 86.29%, benzene adsorption 14.36%, methylene blue adsorption 154.53 mg/g, and iodine adsorption of 240.213 mg/g. The best paper prepared by mixing the activated carbon was resulted from the ratio pulp of activated carbon, 2:1. The paper absorbed gaseous pollutans in a refrigerator namely 0.01%/cm2 para–hidroksibenzaldehida.
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Judul: Arang Aktif Berbahan Dasar Tongkol Jagung, Kulit Singkong, dan Ampas Tebu sebagai Adsorben dalam Proses Pengolahan Air Limbah
Abstrak: Tongkol jagung (Zea Mays L.), kulit singkong (Manihot esculenta C.), dan ampas tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan limbah pertanian yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai arang aktif untuk menurunkan kadar BOD, COD, dan logam berat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi pembuatan arang aktif terbaik dari ke tiga bahan tersebut dalam menurunkan kadar BOD, COD, Pb, Fe, dan Cu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dari berbagai sumber pustaka terverifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi dehidrasi terbaik adalah dengan penjemuran di bawah sinar matahari selama 7 hari dan pengeringan di dalam oven dengan suhu 105 – 110 ̊C selama 24 jam. Kondisi karbonisasi terbaik didapatkan dengan suhu karbonisasi berkisar antara 320 – 900˚C dan kondisi aktivasi terbaik didapatkan dengan aktivasi secara kimia menggunakan aktivator asam. Persen penurunan yang didapat berkisar antara 29,00 – 70,62% untuk BOD, 40,00 – 92,90% untuk COD, dan 92,70 – 100% untuk logam Pb, Fe, dan Cu, Corn cobs (Zea Mays L.), cassava peel (Manihot esculenta C.), and sugarcane bagasse (Saccharum officinarum L.) are agricultural wastes that can be used as activated carbon to reduce levels of BOD, COD, and heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to determine the best conditions for making activated carbon from the three materials in reducing the levels of BOD, COD, Pb, Fe, and Cu. The research method used is a literature review by collecting secondary data from various verified literature sources. The results showed that the best dehydration conditions were drying in the sun for 7 days and drying in an oven at a temperature of 105 – 110 ̊C for 24 h. The best carbonization conditions were obtained with carbonization temperature ranging from 320 – 900˚C and the best activation conditions were obtained by chemical activation using acid. The percentage reductions obtained ranged from 29,00 – 70,62% for BOD, 40,00 – 92,90% for COD, and 97,20 – 100% for Pb, Fe, and Cu metals.
Keyword: Arang aktif, Aktivasi, Biomassa limbah pertanian, dehidrasi, karbonisasi

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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