Judul: Simulation Model for Tuna and  Shrimp Production in Indonesia
Abstrak: This research was conducted from April 2004 – January 2005 in bogor, West Java – Indonesia. The area of study is the Sea Waters at Indonesia especially on the Region Management of Fisheries of Indonesia. The General objective of the research area : 1. To recommendation a strategy of Indonesia to release commerce issue of marine fish product in facing up the international forum, 2. To estimation of Indonesian position in related to free trade issue in the sector of marine fisheries. The input data are collected from various source among other 1. the Ministry of Marine affairs and Fisheries of Indonesia. 2. Statistics Indonesia of The Republic of Indonesia (BPS), 3. Center for Oceanography Research of The Indonesian Institute of Science ( P2O LIPI) and others. The analysis method used the simulation model by Dynamic modeling where we focusing on sub model such as Buffer Stock, Production, Exploitation, demand and Supply. Also the Method for the research of Simulation model for Tuna and Shrimp production in Indonesia are several aspects that is from research of natural growth of fish population ( Tuna and Shrimp) natural added from illegal fishing influencing with growth of fish resources (Tuna). Later; Then from fish resource population ( Stock of Fish resource) existing this hence seen ability of Tuna and Shrimp production and related ability of effort capturing of fish resources ( Catch Per Effort Unit) in tuna production and Shrimp. As for the Fish Resource concern of ability of fish production is very influence by capacities of Maximum Sustainable Yield in each of Fish resources (Tuna and Shrimp) making this Maximum Sustainable Yield is limitation of Exploitation of Fish resources. Henceforth model will be tried validation model to see how accurate of itself model in simulation. And in the end will be seen how big and make everlasting him exploit fish resources related to Maximum Sustainable Yield between Exporting and Import. To see the mention of Simulation model than some scenario alternative those are scenario by 1.) Condition of existing where each the variable of relating with the data existing data of this matter was we assume as scenario which still moderate; 2.) Condition where the output is productivity become the target of maximally assigned value for Maximum Sustainable Yield most optimum tolerance range; 3.) Related with the conservation concept where expected for the fisheries resource remain to make Sustainable but the production output of seen did not maximum. From third scenario expected for the exploitation of fisheries resource (Tuna and Shrimp), projection supported policy of exploitation of fisheries resources which with vision of development of have continuance, where exploited fish resources still sustainable to the continuity of and existence of fisheries resources itself.
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Judul: Shrimp And Tuna Industry In Indonesia Strategy To Increase Indonesian Fisheries Competitiveness For Shrimp And Tuna
Abstrak: The APEC Economic Leaders Meeting (AELM) on November 25, 1997, in Vancouver has decided to speed up trade and liberalization of fisheries products as one of seven recommended sectors. Several tough questions arouse on Indonesian fisheries industry such as how government provide a conducive business climate for fisheries entrepreneurs, and how fisheries producers set out clear strategies towards free trade eга. Those questions are very important because fisheries industry competitiveness is rely on the support of government and the role of fisheries entrepreneurs. In Indonesian fisheries industry, two major commodities that play an important role are shrimp and tuna. Both of them contributed around 70% of Indonesian fisheries export value and more than 30% of export volume in 1996. However, most of Indonesian exports are in fresh and semi-processed condition. In other word, endowment factors such as natural resources and low labor cost are dominantly determine the export. Meanwhile, detention from importing countries, still become a constrain for Indonesian exports. Limited products quality is the reason to embargo Indonesian products. The objectives of this study were to identify the general structure and performance of shrimp and tuna industries and to conduct business environmental assessment, including field research to evaluate strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of Indonesian shrimp and tuna industries. The result was then used to examine the strategies and business implications for the Indonesia shrimp and tuna industries in order to develop the industry, to improve competitiveness, and to maintain its sustainability. The study was conducted through the analysis of primary data and supported by secondary data. Primary data were obtained by the survey conducted at Indonesian Fisheries Federation (GAPPINDO), Indonesian Tuna Association (ASTUIN), PT. Usaha Mina (Persero), PT. Samudera Besar (Persero), PT. Harini Asribahari, PT. Sinar Mangkudijaya, PT. Triasta Citarate, and PT. Indramas Sempurna. For completing reliable data, actual information was also collected from interviews with experts, magazines, journals, and news papers. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique was also applied to simplify the expert judgement before the SWOT matrix analysis was used to conduct the environmental assessment. The global supply of shrimp from 1991 to 1996 decreased by 5% affected by the declining volume of sea shrimp caught, while shrimp pond production fluctuated with the tendency to increase. The future shrimp trade is estimated to be more dependent on the shrimp pond production due to the decreasing sea shrimp carrying capacity in nearly all waters in the world. On the other hand, the global supply of tuna
Keyword: supply of shrimp, fisheries products, shrimp, tuna

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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