Judul: Introgression of agronomic characters from wild species of rice and inheritance study of alumunium tolerance and resistance to leaf blast disease on the progenies of backcross to Oryza glumaepatulla.
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1). Memperoleh sifat-sifat agronomi yang bermanfaat melalui introgresi gen dari spesies padi liar ke padi budidaya; (2). Memperoleh informasi tenlang pengaruh rekombinasi genom antar padi budidaya dan padi liar 0. glumaepetula terhadap karakter komponen asli Dada keturunan silangbaliknya: (3)Memperoleh informasi tentang sifat ketenggangan aluminium dan ketahanan bias daun ras 033 dan 041 dari 0. glumaepatula yana terintrogresi ke padi budidaya: dan (4). Memperoleh Informasi pola pewarisan sifat ketenggangan alumunium dan ketahanan penyakit bias daun ras 033 dan 041 dari O. glumaspatula yang terintrogresi ke padi budidaya.
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Judul: Transformasi Genetik Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dengan Kandidat Gen Toleran Aluminium.
Abstrak: Kebutuhan pangan akan semakin bertambah seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk dan konversi lahan untuk pemukiman. Hal ini mendorong untuk dilakukannya ekstensifikasi pertanian pada lahan marginal, salah satunya lahan masam. Kelarutan Aluminium (Al) yang tinggi pada lahan masam menyebabkan masalah tersendiri karena Al dalam bentuk kation trivalen bersifat toksik pada tanaman, salah satunya padi. Penggunaan varietas-varietas toleran Al sebenarnya dapat menjadi solusi dalam ekstensifikasi pertanian. Namun, karakter agronomis varietas toleran umumnya tidak sebaik varietas-varietas populer yang banyak digunakan oleh petani. Perbaikan sifat tanaman padi perlu dilakukan untuk menghasilkan tanaman dengan karakter agronomis yang baik dan toleran Al. Salah satu cara perbaikan sifat tanaman dapat dilakukan dengan rekayasa genetika melalui peningkatan ekspresi gen yang berperan dalam toleransi Al. Salah satu kandidat gen yang diduga berperan dalam toleransi Al adalah gen B11 yang berhasil diisolasi dari genotipe padi toleran Al, Hawara Bunar. Transformasi gen ini pada tanaman tembakau menunjukkan peningkatan toleransi terhadap cekaman Al dibandingkan pada tanaman kontrol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkonstruksi plasmid ekspresi pBIN yang membawa gen B11 lalu mengintroduksikannya pada tanaman padi melalui beberapa pendekatan. Melalui penelitian ini diharapkan diperoleh konstruk plasmid rekombinan pBIN-B11 dan diperoleh pula metode transformasi yang paling efektif untuk menghasilkan tanaman padi transgenik.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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