Judul: Pembuatan Starter Kering Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Karakteristik Dadih Susu Sapi yang Dihasilkan.
Abstrak: Dadih is a traditional food from West Sumatera resulted from natural fermentation of buffalo milk. This natural fermentation process involves a number of microorganisms, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The presence of gram negative bacteria that are pathogenic can become an obstacle to get safe and healthy food product to consume and easy in the marketing of products, due to the security aspect is less reliable. The processing through a more controlled fermentation process using lactic acid bacteria starter without involving the bacterial pathogens are expected to improve the quality of the resulting dadih. The provision of culture with the preservation in the dry form will facilitate the handling of starter cultures, so that the fermentation is more controlled and the product quality is more assured. Besides that, the availability of dry starter cultures will facilitate the distribution and transportation of starter cultures because dry starter cultures can be sent for long distances without losing the activity of Lactic acid bacteria and have a long storage. Raw materials used in the manufacture of dadih in West Sumatera derived from buffalo milk. The availability of buffalo milk is very limited, that, the alternative used is cow modified with skim milk and jelly therefore it is expected produce Dadih which has the characteristic similar with dadih from buffalo’s milk. This study aimed to verify the making of dry starter of lactic acid bacteria (the combination Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei also Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus casei) and its effect towards the characteristic of resulting cow’s milk dadih. Various analytical results indicate that the interaction of combinations of lactic acid bacteria starter and concentration of dried starter powder of lactic acid bacteria significantly affect to the pH value and moisture content of dadih. interaction of a combination of lactic acid bacteria starter and dried starter powder concentration of lactic acid bacteria did not influence significantly to the value of titrable acid total, viscosity, ash content, and the total amount of lactic acid bacteria in dadih. Friedman test results showed that the assessment of panelists for color, aroma, taste, texture, and general acceptance of dadih was not significantly different. Based on weighting method for the determination of the best dadih products, showed that dadih fermented by a combination of starter S. thermophilus: L. casei (1 : 2) as much as three grams of powder has the highest weight value. Thus, the recommendation of the best dadih product is dadih product fermented by a combination of starter S. thermophilus : L. casei (1: 2) as much as three grams of dried starter powder. Microbiological test results showed that the lowest total lactic acid bacteria contained in dadih products, that is 8.4 x 109 CFU/ml. Thus, the dadih is eligible as fermented milk for the minimum amount of total lactic acid bacteria ranged 106-109 CFU/ml (Sari, 2007).
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Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Bahan Tambahan Pangan (BTP) yang Dikombinasikan dengan Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) terhadap Karakteristik Dadih Susu Sapi
Abstrak: A decrease in productivity of buffalo milk leads us to seek the other solutions to change it as raw material of dadih. Productivity of cow's milk which abundant makes it potential as an alternative to buffalo milk. The different characteristics, both physically and chemically between them causes the characteristic of dadih is also different. Fortification the food additives that combined with lactic acid bacteria in cow's milk, is expected to improve the characteristics of dadih. The purpose of this study was to determine the best combination of the use of food additives and lactic acid bacteria ,which can produce dadih with good characteristics. Based on the results of test determining the best concentration of cow's milk as raw material for dadih so cow’s milk need be evaporated until 50% (v / v). The best concentration of food additives is 100 ppm for enzyme papain, the enzyme renin 2 ppm, and crude enzyme extract of Mucor sp. 0.5 ppm. Analysis of physical, chemical, and microbiological showed that the best treatment is the enzyme renin 2 ppm in combination with 3% Lactobacillus casei. Dadih from this treatments has a viscosity 2278 cP; pH 5,63; total acid value 0,56%; water content 75,03%; protein content 6,80%; fat content 3,35%; carbohydrate content of 13,21%;and total BAL 6,90 x 1010 cfu / gram. The results also showed that all treatments produced dadih with total BAL > 1010 cfu/gram, so that these dadih can classified as a probiotic food. Hedonic test showed that the addition of the enzyme renin 2 ppm and 3% Lactobacillus casei has advantages in terms of taste (3,24), aroma (3,20), texture (3,60), and public acceptance (3,32). As for the color parameters, the treatment was scored still quite high (3,48).
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular