Judul: Sustainable Harvest Quota Estimation of Asiatic Softshell Turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) in Natural Habitat Case Study of West Java
Abstrak: Labi-labi (Amyda cartilaginea) merupakan reptil yang populasinya di alam cukup banyak sehingga dilakukan pemanenan untuk diperdagangkan baik dalam skala nasional maupun internasional. Kuota pada prinsipnya merupakan pemanfaatan sejumlah populasi yang dapat dipanen dengan mempertimbangkan ukuran populasi aktual yang tersedia di alam dengan tetap menjaga kelestariannya agar tidak punah dan tidak terjadi pemanenan yang berlebihan (overharvesting). Hingga kini, penentuan jumlah labi-labi yang boleh dipanen masih belum ada, khususnya di Jawa Barat, padahal potensi labi-labi di Jawa Barat cukup besar. Populasi akan lestari bila jumlah kematian sama dengan jumlah kelahiran, untuk itu digunakan pendekatan Minimum Viable Population (MVP) sebagai dasar penentuan kuota panen lestari. Nilai MVP didapatkan dari perhitungan parameter demografi (natalitas, mortalitas, struktur umur, ukuran populasi nisbah kelamin dan fekunditas). Selain dengan pendekatan MVP, kuota panen lestari juga dapat diduga dengan pendekatan morfometri (panjang lingkar karapas, lebar lingkar karapas panjang plastron dan lebar plastron). Pengukuran parameter lingkungan juga dilakukan untuk mengetahui kualitas parameter lingkungan yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan labi-labi. Pengambilan data untuk kepadatan populasi labi-labi menggunakan metode Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE). Selanjutnya, sample labi-labi dibagi berdasarkan kelas umur dan jenis kelamin. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran populasi yang tertangkap di sungai Mandapraja berjumlah 41 individu (11 tukik, 17 dewasa muda dan 13 dewasa), sedangkan di Sungai Cisaat adalah 65 individu (16 tukik, 28 dewasa muda dan 21 dewasa). Nisbah kelamin di masing-masing kelompok baik di Sungai Mandapraja dan Sungai Cisaat tidak terlalu berbeda jauh yaitu 1:3 (1 jantan dengan 3 betina). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, parameter demografi di kedua lokasi penelitian berbeda, dimana secara morfometri labi-labi di sungai Cisaat lebih besar dibandingkan dengan di sungai Mandapraja. Sungai Cisaat dan Mandapraja berpotensi untuk dilakukan pemanenan, dimana pemanenan dapat dilakukan sejak tahun ketiga karena laju pertumbuhan intrinsik yang tinggi dengan rincian kuota panen untuk tukik jantan 14 individu, tukik betina 30 individu, dewasa muda jantan 28 individu, dewasa muda betina 59 individu, dewasa jantan 17 individu dan dewasa betina 36 individu. PLK dapat digunakan untuk menduga tingkat reproduktif labi-labi dimana kelas umur yang paling banyak menghasilkan telur dengan kualitas baik adalah dari dewasa (PLK 20-40 cm) dengan rentang usia 9-12 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian parameter lingkungan, tingkat adaptif labi-labi tinggi sehingga dapat hidup dalam rentang yang luas (cosmopolitan). Tekanan terhadap populasi labi-labi akibat adanya panen komersial dapat ditahan dengan membatasi panen beberapa waktu dalam delapan tahun, sehingga dapat mengalihkan dampak panen dari kelompok kritis seperti betina dewasa yang produktif., Asiatic softshell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea) is a reptile that has large populations in nature, therefore they are often harvested for sale on national and international scales. Quotas are principally the use of several harvestable populations by considering the actual population size available in nature and still maintaining sustainability to keep it from extinction and make sure there is no overharvesting. Until today, the determination of the amount of Asiatic softshell turtle that could be harvested is not available, especially in West Java, Whereas Asiatic softshell turtle potential in West Java is appreciable. The population could be maintained if the death rate is balanced with the birth rate, therefore we use the Minimum Viable Population (MVP) approach as
Keyword: Habitat alami, kuota panen, Jawa Barat, trionychidae

Judul: Tata Niaga, Parameter Demografi Populasi Panenan dan Karakteristik Habitat Labi-labi Amyda cartilaginea (Boddaert 1770) di Provinsi Jambi.
Abstrak: Asian soft-shell turtle (Amyda cartilaginea Boddaert, 1770) has been recorded as the most harvested turtle species in Indonesia, mainly for consumption purpose in oriental countries. In order to prevent over-exploitation and the declining of the population, harvesting has been limited by quota. In practice, the harvesting still showed an enormous number and the determination of the quota itself was not yet based on the data of Amyda population. This research was aimed to identify mortality rate through identification of the trading system since for highly-valued species harvesting was the major cause of mortality. The demographyc and morphometric parameters were measured to characterize the harvested population by its size, sex ratio, age-class and range of bodymass and carapace length. Twenty dissected speciments were observed to study the reproduction condition of different size of Amyda, thus used to estimate potential lost caused by harvesting. Amyda’s habitat was characterized by measuring 9 biophysical variables of each of 90 fishing plots in 16 rivers and 3 lakes. The result showed that the size of harvested population of Amyda at the trader level was different from one to another, but showed similar trends of domination in sex and age class which were adult females and reaching the number of 58.28%. The people dealing with the harvesting activities of Amyda had no preference for size and sex of the harvested animal. Reproduction condition of the observed Amyda showed that at the size of five kilograms, the females were at the age of maturity. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test on the habitat biophysical variable on stream showed that Amyda had no habitat preference.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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