Judul: Mangrove Vegetation Structure and Its Relation  to Environmental Characteristics of Coastal Waters of Tanjung Widoro Village,  Gresik, East Java
Abstrak: Perairan Tanjung Widoro memiliki keanekaragaman jenis mangrove yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi mangrove di Perairan Tanjung Widoro. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode purposive sampling melalui pengamatan langsung terhadap empat stasiun pengamatan mengenai kondisi vegetasi mangrove dan parameter perairan (suhu, salinitas, pH, oksigen terlarut, dan fraksi sedimen). Analisis data meliputi INP, RDi, RFi, dan RCi, serta Correspondence Analysis (CA) dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Pada lokasi pengamatan ditemukan sepuluh spesies mangrove, di antaranya Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia alba, Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia officinalis, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, dan Rhizophora mangle. Spesies R. mucronata dan A. alba dicirikan substrat berpasir yang selalu tergenang dan dipengaruhi pasang-surut, spesies A. officinalis dicirikan substrat pasir dan tumbuh di dekat muara sungai, spesies R. apiculata dan A. marina dicirikan substrat pasir kasar dengan salinitas yang cukup tinggi., Tanjung Widoro has a fairly high diversity of mangrove species. This research was conducted to determine the condition of the mangrove on Tanjung Widoro. Data collection used a purposive sampling method through of four stations regarding the condition of mangrove vegetation and water parameters (temperature, salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, and sediment fraction). Data analysis included IVI, RDi, RFi, dan RCi, Correspondence Analysis, and Principal Component Analysis. At the site, ten species of mangrove were found, including Rhizophora mucronata, Avicennia alba, Sonneratia alba, Rhizophora stylosa, Avicennia officinalis, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia marina, Ceriops tagal, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, and Rhizophora mangle. Mangrove R. mucronata and A. alba can grow on sandy substrate that are always flooded and influenced by tides, while A. officinalis on sand substrate and grow near river, R. apiculata and A. marina on coarse sand substrate with fairly high salinity.
Keyword: density, environmental conditions, mangrove, vegetation

Judul: Ecosystem characteristics of mangrove at small islands of wakatobi national park, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: The study was aimed to elaborate structure and composition of mangrove vegetation and to examine relationship between mangrove vegetation pattern and abiotic factors in Kaledupa, Derawa and Hoga Islands in Wakatobi National Park. Sampling of vegetation was done continuously across mangrove community, starting from front (seaward) vegetation formation to the inner formation (landward) by line transect and plot methods. Structure and composition of were determined through vegetation analysis with parameter including frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density, dominance, relative dominance, importance value, zonation determination, natural regeneration, distribution of stem diameter (diameter et breast high) and status of mangrove community. Species diversity was analyzed using Shannon Wiener Index. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to see difference of abiotic factors among islands and Duncan-test to examine abiotic factors having significantly different responses (p = 0,05). 20 species of true mangrove were found and the largest species was found in Kaledupa Island. Distribution of mangrove vegetation species in the study areas was supposed to be related to wave protection, siltation, and freshwater input. The highest total individual density was found in Kaledupa Island and the lowest one was found in Derawa Island. Species of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk., and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk with the highest density was found in Derawa Island. Diversity Index of mangrove vegetation species was chategorized as low. Species having a good natural regeneration was found at Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob., and Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Kaledupa Island, and Osbornia octodonta F.v.M Hoga Island. For genus of Rhizophora besides reproduce through seed/propagule, it is also reproduce vegetatively through branches. Environmental factors of soil having significant relationship with the community pattern in this study were: pH, Kalium (available), and Salinity. Content of soil organic material, Nitrogen (total), Phosphate (available) and soil texture (silt, clay and sand) did not show a significant relationship with the community pattern of mangrove vegetation community. Zonation pattern of mangrove vegetation was only found in Kaledupa Island. Mangrove zonation Kaledupa Island consisted of four zones. Successively, from the seaward to the landward were Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., Rhizophora apiculata Bl., Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob., Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou zone. Height of seawater inundation was factor having significant relationship with zonation pattern. Distribution of diameter classes was chategorized as J-shaped graph model. Status of mangrove community in this national park was classified as damaged class due to human activities.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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