Judul: Evaluasi Pemberian Palmofeed dan Palmofeed Enzim dalam Ransum terhadap Performa dan Kualitas Telur Ayam Lohmann
Abstrak: Ransum komersial dipilih sebagai pakan karena telah disusun untuk dapat memenuhi standar kebutuhan nutrien yang telah ditetapkan, namun ransum komersial untuk ayam petelur di pasaran memiliki harga yang mahal. Alternatif bahan pakan yang dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi penggunaan ransum komersial adalah bungkil inti sawit terhidrolisis (Palmofeed). Pada penelitian sebelumnya, pemberian 10% Palmofeed dan Palmofeed enzim tidak mempengaruhi performa dan kualitas fisik telur. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan 12,5% Palmofeed dan Palmofeed yang diberi enzim mannanase serta protease dalam ransum terhadap performa dan kualitas telur ayam petelur strain Lohmann. Penelitian ini menggunakan 450 ekor ayam petelur strain Lohmann Brown yang berumur 63 minggu serta dibagi dalam 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan P0 = ransum komersial (kontrol), P1 = 87,5% ransum komersial + 12,5% Palmofeed, P2 = 87,5% ransum komersial + 12,5% Palmofeed enzim. Data penelitian dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan 12,5% Palmofeed dan Palmofeed enzim tidak mempengaruhi semua peubah performa ayam petelur, bobot telur, persentase putih telur, persentase kuning telur, haugh unit, dan warna kuning telur. Penggunaan 12,5% Palmofeed nyata (P<0,05) memperbaiki kualitas telur dengan meningkatkan persentase kerabang, tebal kerabang, dan indeks telur. Disimpulkan bahwa Palmofeed atau Palmofeed enzim dapat digunakan sebanyak 12,5% dalam ransum komersial ayam petelur., Commercial rations were chosen as feed because they have been prepared to comply the nutritional requirements that have been set, but commercial rations for laying hens on the market are expensive. An alternative feed ingredient that can be used to reduce the use of commercial rations is hydrolyzed palm kernel cake (Palmofeed). In a previous research, giving 10% Palmofeed and Palmofeed enzymes did not affect the performance and physical quality of eggs. Therefore, this research aimed to evaluate the use of 12.5% Palmofeed and Palmofeed which were given mannanase and protease enzymes in the diet on the performance and egg quality of laying hens of the Lohmann strain. This research used 450 laying hens of the Lohmann Brown strain, aged 63 weeks and divided into 3 treatments and 6 replications. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD), and the treatments were P0 = commercial ration (control), P1 = 87.5% commercial ration + 12.5% Palmofeed, P2 = 87.5% commercial ration + 12.5% Palmofeed enzyme. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Tukey’s test. The results showed that the use of 12.5% Palmofeed and Palmofeed enzymes did not affect all performance variables, egg weight, egg white percentage, egg yolk percentage, haugh unit, and egg yolk color. The use of 12.5% significantly (P<0.05) improved egg quality by increasing the percentage of shell weight, shell thickness, and egg index. The conclusion of this research was Palmofeed or Palmofeed enzymes could be used as much as 12.5% in commercial rations of laying hens.
Keyword: Egg quality, Enzymes, Laying hens, Palmofeed, Performance

Judul: Addition of Hydrolyzed Palm Kernel Meal (Palmofeed) Ration on  Lohmann Layer Productivity
Abstrak: Palmofeed merupakan hasil olahan dari bungkil inti sawit (BIS) yang terhidrolisis dimana berfokus dalam peningkatan kandungan protein dengan proses menurunkan kandungan serat yang terdapat didalam cangkang pada bungkil inti sawit lokal. Peningkatkan kualitas BIS dapat dilakukan tiga metode yaitu pengolahan fisik dengan penyaringan, pengolahan kimia dengan hot water extraction dan larutan asam, selanjutnya di reconditioning selama 24 jam, dan terakhir perlakuan biologi dengan menggunakan enzim mananase. Penggunaan BIS sebagai sumber protein untuk unggas masih terbatas yang disebabkan oleh sistem pencernaan unggas yang tak mampu mencerna pakan dengan serat yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bermaksud mengkaji kadar penambahan BIS dibandingkan palmofeed, dalam ransum ayam petelur strain Lohmann terhadap performa produksinya. Data diambil selama 6 minggu dengan rancangan percobaan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari: P0 = 100% Ransum komersial (Kontrol), P1: 87,5% + 12,5% BIS, P2: 87,5% + 12,5% Palmofeed. Analisis data menggunakan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian 12,5% Palmofeed memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (P<0.05) terhadap peningkatan dari bobot telur dibandingkan pemberian bungkil inti sawit (BIS) atau ransum kontrol. Pemberian Palmofeed pada taraf 12,5% terbukti lebih baik pada feed convertion ration dan income over feed cost, dan tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pakan, dan hen day production., Palmofed is a processed product from hydrolyzed palm kernel cake (BIS) which focuses on increasing protein content by reducing the fiber content contained in the shell of local palm kernel cake. There are three methods to improve the quality of BIS, namely physical processing by filtering, chemical processing with hot water extraction and acid solution, then reconditioning for 24 hours, and finally biological treatment using the enzyme mananase. The use of BIS as a source of protein for poultry is still limited due to the digestive system of poultry that is unable to digest feed with high fiber. This study intends to examine the level of addition of BIS compared to palmofed, in the ration of laying hens of the Lohmann strain on its production performance. Data were taken for 6 weeks with a completely randomized trial design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 6 replications. The treatment consisted of: P0 = 100% commercial ration (Control), P1: 87.5% + 12.5% BIS, P2: 87.5% + 12.5% Palmofeed. Data analysis used analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's test. The results showed that the administration of 12.5% Palmofeed had a significant effect (P<0.05) on the increase in egg weight compared to the administration of palm kernel meal (BIS) or control rations. Palmofeed at the level of 12.5% is proven to be better in feed conversion ratio and income over feed cost, and has no effect on feed consumption and hen day production
Keyword: Bungkil inti sawit, henday production, manannase, palmofeed, performa ayam petelur

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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