Judul: Systematic Study and Bioprospecting of Wild Mushrooms in Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam yang melimpah, termasuk jamur, tetapi sampai saat ini data mengenai jamur liar serta pemanfaatannya belum terdokumentasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengkarakterisasi jamur-jamur liar yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal, menganalisis senyawanya, menganalisis gizinya, serta melihat kemampuan ekstrak dalam aktivitas terhadap bakteri. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan opportunistic sampling. Sampel dianalisis taksonominya dengan identifikasi morfologi dan analisis molekuler. Analisis senyawa menggunakan GC-MS, dan kandungan gizinya berdasarkan analisis proksimat. Aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan metode disc diffusion pada bakteri EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) dan Propionibacterium acne. Sembilan spesies jamur telah teridentifikasi: Pleurotus giganteus, Hohenbuehelia sp., Lentinula sp., Crepidotus sp., Pluteus sp., Trametes sp., Auricularia delicata, Scleroderma capeverdeanum, dan Trichaleurina javanica, Sebagian besar merupakan laporan terbaru untuk Indonesia. Sebanyak 200 senyawa teridentifikasi dari ekstrak empat spesies jamur, termasuk asam lemak, sterol, terpenoid, asam karboksil, cycloparaffins, dan asam benzoate. Hohenbuehelia sp. memiliki kadar air dan karbohidrat tertinggi, Lentinula sp. memiliki kadar serat kasar tertinggi, Pleurotus giganteus memiliki kadar abu dan kadar lemak tertinggi, dan Scleroderma capeverdeanum memiliki kadar protein tertinggi. Ekstrak jamur memiliki kemampuan menghambat bakteri EPEC dan Propionibacterium acne. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi dasar tentang keanekaragaman jamur dan potensi senyawanya., Indonesia has abundant natural resources, including mushrooms yet their data about utilization remain scarce. This study aims to identify and characterize wild mushrooms utilized by locals, analyze their compounds, evaluate their nutritional contents, and assess the antibacterial activity of their extracts. Specimens taken from opportunistic sampling were identified based on morphological and molecular approaches. Their compounds were analyzed using GC-MS method. The nutritional value is assessed based on proximate analysis. Antibacterial activity was proven by disk diffusion test against Propionibacterium acne and EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli). Nine species were identified: Pleurotus giganteus, Hohenbuehelia sp., Lentinula sp., Crepidotus sp., Pluteus sp., Trametes sp., Auricularia delicata, Scleroderma capeverdeanum, and Trichaleurina javanica. Most of these are new records for Indonesia. A total of 200 compounds were identified from the extracts of four mushroom species, including fatty acids, sterols, terpenoids, carboxylic acids, cycloparaffins, and benzoate acids. Hohenbuehelia sp. had the highest water and carbohydrate content, Lentinula sp. had the highest crude fiber content, Pleurotus giganteus had the highest ash and fat content, and Scleroderma capeverdeanum had the highest protein content. The mushroom extracts have the ability to inhibit selected bacteria. The results of this study provide information on mushroom diversity and their bioprospect.
Keyword: antibakteri, Biodiversitas, Jamur Liar, Proksimat, Taksonomi

Judul: Identification Wild Ear Mushroom and Its Cultivation Trial with the Addition Crystal Guava Leaf Litter
Abstrak: Keragaman jamur liar edible (JLE) dan kultivasinya belum banyak diketahui dan dimanfaatkan dengan baik di Indonesia. Salah satu JLE dengan informasi yang minim adalah jamur kuping liar Auricularia spp., padahal JLE tersebut berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan konsumsi bergizi. Disisi lain, produksi jamur kuping komersial (JKK) di Indonesia tiap tahunnya meningkat, sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan permintaan bibit jamur dan serbuk kayu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi spesies jamur kuping liar dan membudidayakannya dengan substrat tambahan serasah daun jambu kristal. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode oportunistik. Sampel diisolasi dan dianalisis secara morfologi serta molekuler untuk diketahui posisi taksonominya. Hasil identifikasi mengkonfirmasi beberapa spesies jamur kuping liar diantaranya Auricularia cf. auricula-judae, Auricularia cornea, Auricularia cf. fuscosuccinea, dan Auricularia cf. nigricans. Jamur kuping liar yang berhasil diisolasi dan dibuat bibit adalah A. cornea, namun belum mampu tumbuh pada baglog, sehingga serasah diujikan pada budidaya JKK. Penambahan substrat serasah daun jambu kristal pada konsentrasi 0, 5, 10 dan 100%. Keberhasilan budidaya jamur dilihat dari nilai efisiensi biologis setiap perlakuannya. Substrat dengan penambahan daun jambu kristal 10% memiliki efisiensi biologis tertinggi. Hasil budidaya JKK menunjukkan adanya potensi dari serasah daun jambu kristal sebagai campuran substrat baglog., The diversity and cultivation of edible wild mushroom in Indonesia hasn't been widely known in Indonesia. One of them is Auricularia spp. Edible wild mushrooms are potentially used as nutritious food. The production of mushroom in Indonesia developed each year causing increase in demand of mushroom seeds and wood powder. This research was carried out to identify and cultivate the wild mushroom with crystal guava leaf litter as substrate additive. The sampling was done by opportunistic method. The samples were isolated and analyzed morphologically and also at molecular level for their taxonomy identification. The identification resulted in four different species: Auricularia cf. auricula-judae, Auricularia cornea, Auricularia cf. fuscosuccinea, Auricularia cf. nigricans. Wild mushroom that successfully isolated and seeded was A. cornea, but it failed to grow in baglog. Based on that reason, crystal guava leaf litter was tested to cultivate commercial mushroom. The concentrations of crystal guava leaf litter used were 5, 10, and 10%. The success indicator of mushroom cultivation is their biological efficiency in every treatment. Substrate with 10% addition of crystal guava leaf litter demonstrated the highest biological efficiency rate. The cultivation result of mushroom indicated that crystal guava leaf litter is potential as a substrate mixture in baglog.
Keyword: Auricularia, commercial, substrate, wild mushroom

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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