Judul: Dukungan Sosial, Gaya Pengasuhan, dan Dampak Negatif Perceraian pada Anak Usia 7 – 15 Tahun
Abstrak: Divorce is one of child development risk factor that means positive parenting style are important roles to support child to addapt with the changes that were happened between before and after divorce. The aim of this research of was to analyze correlations of social support, parenting style, and the negative effects of divorce on 7-15 years old child of divorced families in Cianjur. The sample of this study were 7-15 years old child who had single parent and has been divorced at least one year and has not married again taken with nonprobability sampling techniques convenience as much as 60 people based at the research. The difference results show that is a significant higher of rejection parenting child after a divorce and feel a reduction in the negative impact of divorce on psychological and economy stats along with the distance to the present. The result of correlation test showed that there is a higher education of the mother, higher social support from parents, and higher of affective parenting were correlated with lower negative impact of divorce on economical, physical, and social stats of child.
Keyword: Children aged 7-15 years, divorce effects, parenting style, and social support.

Judul: Dampak Perceraian dan Hubungan Sosial terhadap Kesejahteraan Psikologis Ibu sebagai Orang Tua Tunggal
Abstrak: Family with a single mothers who came from divorced, often bring the impact such as problem or change on a single mothers well-being. The aim of this research to indentify characteristics of single mother and relations with psychological well-being and social relations, and also analyze impact divorce on psychological well-being and social relations. Descriptive analysis, regression, and Pearson correlation was used in this study. The respondents were sixty single mother who come from the length divorced more than six month. The result showed that compare with present condition, psychological well-being, impact of divorce and social relation respondent are more significant lower than the first six month after divorce. There was relationship between age of present and divorce, family’s income, and size of family with level of depression, social support, and economic impact. Based on regression analysis we found there was negative effect of impact of divorce to psychological well-being at the first six month after divorce and the present. Other wise, we found there was not significant effect of divorce to social relationship.
Keyword: economic impact, level of depression, social support

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable