Judul: Anatomical Study on Forage Plants of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus) in Way Kambas National Park
Abstrak: Tumbuhan pakan merupakan salah satu aspek yang menjadi perhatian dalam manajemen konservasi gajah sumatera. Studi anatomi tumbuhan pakan gajah dapat menyediakan data untuk identifikasi keanekaragaman tumbuhan pakan gajah, khususnya pada penelitian dengan sampel feses. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyediakan data anatomi tumbuhan pakan gajah sumatera sebagai acuan identifikasi dalam penelitian menggunakan sampel feses. Sampel yang diamati terdiri atas sampel daun dari 24 spesies tumbuhan dan sampel kulit batang dari empat spesies tumbuhan. Sampel dibuat sediaan mikroskopis sayatan paradermal menggunakan metode wholemount. Data anatomi yang diperoleh meliputi ciri kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Sel epidermis persegi panjang membedakan sampel Poaceae, Cyperaceae, Arecaceae, dan Selaginellaceae dari sampel lainnya. Stomata memiliki sel penjaga berbentuk halter hanya dijumpai pada sampel Poaceae dan Cyperaceae, adanya sel silika dan sel gabus membedakan sampel Poaceae dari Cyperaceae. Ciri kualitatif lain untuk identifikasi sampel adalah dinding antiklinal sel epidermis, tipe stomata, dan trikoma. Ciri kuantitatif ukuran sel epidermis; ukuran, kerapatan, dan indeks stomata; serta kerapatan trikoma digunakan untuk melengkapi deskripsi spesies dan membedakan spesies yang memiliki ciri kualitatif sama. Sampel daun dari 4 spesies yang diamati tidak dapat dibedakan ketika tidak ditemukan stomata atau trikoma. Sampel batang Accacia sp. dan Peronema canescens juga tidak dapat dibedakan secara anatomi.
Keyword: epidermis, paradermal leaf section, stomata, trichome, wholemount method

Judul: Desain Pengelolaan Pakan Gajah Sumatera (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck 1847) di Arboretum PT Arara Abadi Propinsi Riau
Abstrak: Sumatran elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck 1847) is one of the sub-species of asian elephant. This species was listed in IUCN red book of endangered status, while CITES categorizes the status of sumatran elephants in groups of Appendix I. Losing a place to live and disconnection of elephants roaming point lead also to the limited food resources. Management activities on a good feed elephants needed in order to overcome problems of lack of feed elephants, which feed on the Arboretum PT Arara Abadi can be fulfilled and ensure the welfare of elephants. Research was conducted at the Arboretum owned by PT Arara Abadi, Riau Province. Research carried out for two months in October to December 2009. Object of the research are eight sumatran elephants. The material used in research is sumatran elephant’s feed natural vegetation in the form of the arboretum. Equipment used, including: map work, scales, the tally sheet, peg, label specimens, machetes or knives, compass, camera, tape recorder, tape meter, rope, paper, large plastic bags, glove, field book, stationery and plant identification books lowland grass species and guide of ferns. Primary data including: the structure and composition of vegetation, species, and plant parts are edible, palatability of feed, biomass feed, the characteristics of the location of food resources and availability of forage elephants and elephant habitat carrying capacity. Secondary data including: bio-ecology, habitat, general condition of study sites, and other information as supporting data. Under plant vegetation data obtained by analysis of vegetation, with a sample plot of 1x1m2, a total of 20 plots. Carrying capacity of the habitat (K) for an elephant is calculated using the equation K= P.pu/C. Plant species which are used as feed by sumatran elephants in the location of observation Arboretum PT Arara Abadi are 12 species. Feed plants in the form of grasses and ferns, which belonging to the family Poaceae, Polypodiaceae, Vitaceae, and Pandanaceae. Parts of plants such as elephant feed is consumed whole part of the plant, the trunk + leaves, and trunk + leaves + flowers. The most preferred plant species (palatable) by sumatran elephants, were sianik/chantel (Sorghum halepense), jampang pait (Paspalum conjugatum), jukut pait (Axonopus compressus) and jukut jampang (Eleusina indica). Based on the results of biomass, the availability of feed, forage in the arboretum wet ton/day/80ha obtained at 10,08. With an elephant needs ton/day/8tail 2,24. Arboretum feed bearing capacity is 21 individuals. Resources of elephant’s feed located in the form of swamp residing along the border river. Things can do for feed management design are management of elephant binding sites, increased protection and security of the feed location of the elephant, and elephant binding rotation system of the good and the preservation of elephant forage in the rainy season.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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