Judul: Aktivitas antihiperglikemia fraksi air buah makasar (Brucea javanica (L.) Merr) pada tikus yang diinduksi aloksan
Abstrak: Brucea fruit (Brucea javanica (L.) Merr) was known to have a potential antidiabetic activity. This research was aimed to determine antihyperglycemic activity of aqueous fraction from ethanolic extract of brucea fruit in alloxan induced rats. Aqueous fraction of ethanolic extract brucea fruit obtained by maseration using ethanol 95%, which then separated using funnel separator with mixed solution of hexane, methanol, and water (5:9:1) and chloroform:water (1:1). Twenty four rats divided into 6 groups. In the process of raising the blood glucose concentration, one of normal group induced by NaCl 0.9% and the other five treatment groups induced by alloxan (150 mg/kg BW). Afterwards, in the treatment process, normal group and negative control administered by aquadest, positive control administered by glibenclamid (0.25 mg/kg BW), and three other groups administered by aqueous fraction of ethanolic extract brucea fruit in dosage 0.25, 25, and 50 mg/kg BW. Blood glucose concentration of the fasting rats measured at day 0, 3,7,11, and 15. Aqueous fraction from ethanolic extract of brucea fruit contained 3.71% in yield. The result showed that aqueous fraction from ethanolic extract of brucea fruit in dosage 0.25, 25, dan 50 mg/kg BW decreased the blood glucose concentration as many 37.64%, 37.43%, and 60.82% respectively. Aqueous fraction of brucea fruit wich is extracted by ethanol in dosage 50 mg/kg BW has higher activity than glibenclamid in dosage 0.25 mg/kg BW (45.53%).
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Judul: Potensi fraksi air buah makasar (Brucea javanica (L.) Merr) terhadap gambaran histopatologi pankreas tikus yang diinduksi aloksan
Abstrak: Brucea fruit (Brucea javanica (L.) Merr) is one of Indonesian medicine plants which rich in advantages. Empirically, brucea fruit can decrease blood glucose concentration for patient of diabetes mellitus. This research was aimed to determine the effect of aqueous fraction from ethanolic extract of brucea fruit on histopathological in rat pancreas which induced alloxsan. On this research Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 6 groups, each group were 4 rats, group A (Normal), B (alloxan + Glibenclamide 0.25 mg/kg BB), C (alloxan + aquades), D (alloxan + Brucea fruit water fraction 0.25 mg/kg BB), E (alloxan + Brucea fruit water fraction 25 mg/kg BB), dan F (alloxan + Brucea fruit water fraction 50 mg/kg BB). Pancreas histopathological analysis was carried out with Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and observed under light microscope. Reserch showed that aqueous fraction from ethanolic extract of brucea fruit dosage 0.25 mg/kg BB, 25 mg/kg BB, and 50 mg/kg BB can repair the damage of rat pancreas which induced alloxan 150 mg/kg BB. Aqueous fraction from ethanolic extract of brucea fruit dosage 50 mg/kg BB given better restoration effect on the islets of Langerhans than Glibenclamide.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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