Judul: Study of the Temperature and Food Source Effect on Development and Reproduction Model of the Cyclopoid Copepod Apocyclops sp. That Individual Cultured in the Laboratory at Different Temperature and Food Source
Abstrak: Research on copepods Apocyclops sp. have been conducted since 1996 by the UNSRAT’s Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science. The research focused more on the bioecology and reproduction characteristics. Former researchs reports a high quantity of eggs produced by the copepods Apocyclops sp. Its lifespan can reach a total number of 70 to 448 with three to four times of copulations. The research is aimed at finding out the difference effect of temperature and feed source on structure and some reproduction charactheristic of Apocyclops sp.. The copepod is individually cultured in the laboratory. Observation is focussed on the biological reproduction aspect. Variables measured include : total fecundity, intercluth, hatching ratio, copulation rate, reproduction intervals, sex ratio. The research uses experimental design to measure the effect of temperature, and food conditioned and the obtained data are analized by the ANOVA and continued by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The result showed that the interaction of temperature and microalgal food give no significantly different to fecundity, hatching, and growth stadia; and significantly different to intercluth, copulation, generation time, sex ratio, and age, the temperature give high significantly different effect to total fecundity, hatching, hatching ratio, intercluth, generation time, copulation, sex ratio, age, and growth stadia. Giving of microalgal Chlorella sp., Tetraselmis sp., and Nannochloropsis oculata give high significantly different effect to whole of variables measured.
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Judul: Effects of Temperature Change on Activity and Survival of Selected Tropical Ophiuroidea (Ophiomastix annulosa, Ophiarachna incrassata, Ophiocoma cf. dentata) and Asteroidea (Fromia milleporella)
Abstrak: It is widely accepted that global warming and climate change are have occured over the past 30 years and it changed the temperature in the air and in marine waters. Organisms in all areas, in this case in marine, are quite sensitive to temperature changes. They have a certain capacity to cope with the changing environment. If these organisms cannot adapt to environmental changes, they could die. The main stress factor that was being used in this research is temperature, and salinity as another stressor for comparison. Using selected tropical Echinoderms, the thermal and salinity capacity of these organisms was tested through simulation of environmental changes in lab. The objectives of this study are to identify the temperature limit (in comparison to lower salinity limit), activity, and assess the impact of temperature and salinity stress for selected tropical Ophiuroidea (Ophiomastix annulosa, Ophiarachna incrassata, Ophiocoma cf. dentata) and Asteroidea (Fromia milleporella). The velocity of changes (increase or decrease) in temperature might also affect the survival of the organisms. Different velocities (hourly and daily)of temperature change were investigated to see if there was any difference in temperature limit (the organisms’ capacity and adaptation) and the effects to these organisms (Ophiuroidea and Asteroidea). This experiment was conducted in Marine Habitat Lab, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB); from December 2010-November 2011. The upper thermal limit (hourly increase) for Ophiomastix annulosa, Ophiarachna incrassata, Ophiocoma cf. dentata, and Fromia milleporella was 36.5 0C and 37 0C, 37.2 0C, 40.5 0C, and 35.8 0C and 35.0 0C (respectively). The upper thermal limit (daily increase) for Ophiomastix annulosa, Ophiarachna incrassata, and Fromia milleporella was 35.0 0C, 34.0 0C, and 33.0 0C (respectively). The lower thermal limit (hourly decrease) for Ophiomastix annulosa was 12.8 0C. Lower salinity limit (hourly decrease) for Ophiomastix annulosa and Ophiocoma cf. dentata was 20.5 and 13 (respectively). The thermal window for Ophiomastix annulosa (hourly experiment) was between 12.8-37.0 0C. From the result, it can be assumed that these ophiuroids and asteroids species can acclimatize and survive to more rapid changing environment than slow changing environment; as long as the oxygen is available in sufficient amount.
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Judul: berjudul Pelabelan Prima pada Graf Gurita (On) dengan Penambahan Simpul Duplikasi.
Abstrak: Setiap graf gurita adalah graf prima sedemikian sehingga pelabelan simpul pada graf gurita merupakan pelabelan simpul pada graf prima. Suatu Graf ( ( ) ( )) dapat dikatakan memiliki pelabelan simpul pada graf prima jika graf tersebut memenuhi fungsi bijektif ( ) { } dan untuk setiap sisi ( ( ) ( )) . Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan ditunjukkan bahwa graf gurita memiliki pelabelan prima dan merumuskan graf gurita duplikasi dengan penambahan simpul dari simpul graf kipas ( ) graf gurita ( ), graf bintang ( ) graf gurita ( ), dan simpul utama pada graf gurita ( ) adalah graf prima dengan
Keyword: graf gurita, graf prima, pelabelan prima, penambahan simpul