Judul: Utilization of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke in Quail Performance Grower Period
Abstrak: Pemberian antioksidan dari asap cair tempurung kelapa dapat mengatasi stres oksidatif pada puyuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan asap cair tempurung kelapa (ACTK) terhadap performa puyuh (Coturnix coturnix japonica) periode grower. Metode penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 5 taraf perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (0,25 mL/L ACTK), P2 (0,50 mL/L ACTK), P3 (0,75 mL/L ACTK) dan P4 (1 mL/L ACTK). Variabel yang diukur meliputi bobot badan awal, bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, konsumsi minum, feed conversion ratio (FCR), morbiditas, mortalitas dan income over feed quail cost (IOFQC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian ACTK tidak nyata berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum dan pertambahan bobot badan. Tingkat morbiditas dan mortalitas pada penelitian ini 0%. Nilai FCR terbaik diperoleh P4 (4,28). Nilai IOFQC tertinggi pada P4 (Rp 1.578,92). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian asap cair tempurung kelapa pada puyuh betina periode grower melalui air minum dengan taraf yang berbeda tidak nyata berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum dan pertambahan bobot badan. Dosis 1 mL/L air minum (P4) asap cair tempurung kelapa menghasilkan nilai FCR dan IOFQC terbaik., Giving antioxidants from coconut shell liquid smoke can overcome oxidative stress in quail. This study aims to analyze the effect of coconut shell liquid smoke (ACTK) on the performance of quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in the grower period. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment levels with 3 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (0.25 mL/L ACTK), P2 (0.50 mL/L ACTK), P3 (0.75 mL/L ACTK) and P4 (1 mL/L ACTK). Variables measured included initial body weight, final body weight, body weight gain, feed intake, water intake, feed conversion ratio (FCR), morbidity, mortality and income over feed quail cost (IOFQC). The results showed that giving ACTK had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed intake, water intake and body weight gain. The morbidity and mortality rates in this study were 0%. The best FCR value was obtained at P4 (4.28). The highest IOFQC value was at P4 (Rp 1,578.92). The conclusion of this study is that giving coconut shell liquid smoke to female quails in the grower period through drinking water at different levels had no significant effect on feed intake, water intake and body weight gain. A dose of 1 mL/L of drinking water (P4) of coconut shell liquid smoke produced the best FCR and IOFQC values.
Keyword: antioxidants, coconut shell, liquid smoke, quail

Judul: Giving of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke to Quail on Performance and Physical Quality of the Eggs Produced
Abstrak: Suhu Indonesia berada di atas zona nyaman puyuh sehingga puyuh akan mengalami stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan melalui asap cair tempurung kelapa untuk menangkap radikal bebas karena mengandung senyawa fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pemberian asap cair tempurung kelapa pada puyuh terhadap performa dan kualitas fisik telur yang dihasilkan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, produksi telur, bobot telur, konversi pakan, mortalitas, tebal kerabang dan nilai haugh unit (HU). Taraf perlakuan diberikan (P0, P1, P2, P3, dan P4) melalui air minum berturut-turut 0,00; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; dan 1,00 mL asap cair per satu liter air minum. Puyuh yang diberikan asap cair menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik dari yang tidak diberikan asap cair. Pemberian asap cair level 0,25 mL menghasilkan puyuh dengan konversi pakan dan tebal kerabang paling baik., Indonesia's temperature is above the quail's comfort zone, which can cause heat stress. Heat stress can be treated by giving antioxidants from coconut shell liquid smoke to capture free radicals because it contains phenolic compounds. This study aims to analyze the impact of giving coconut shell liquid smoke to quail on the performance and physical quality of the eggs produced. Variables observed include feed consumption, drinking water consumption, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion, mortality, shell thickness, and haugh unit (HU) values. Treatments were given (P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4) through drinking water with 0,00, 0,25, 0,50, 0,75, and 1,00 mL of liquid smoke per liter of drinking water. Quail given liquid smoke performed better than those not given liquid smoke. Giving liquid smoke at a level of 0,25 mL produced quail with the best feed conversion and shell thickness.
Keyword: Egg Quality, Liquid Smoke, Production Performance

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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