Judul: Modify in the Paddy Field Algorithm for Predicting  Water Results in the Maros Watershed Using Soil and Water Assessment Tools  (SWAT)
Abstrak: Soil and water assessment tools (SWAT) merupakan model yang dikembangkan di Amerika dan bersifat komprehensif untuk skala DAS. Model ini dirancang untuk memprediksi dampak manajemen lahan terhadap debit, sedimentasi, dan kualitas air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi tinggi genangan maksimum pada algoritma sawah dan periode tanam untuk memprediksi hasil air DAS Maros menggunakan program SWAT. Evaluasi modul dilakukan dengan melihat nilai determinasi (R2) dan Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) berdasarkan perbandingan hasil debit observasi dengan debit simulasi. Hasil SWAT modifikasi lalu dibandingkan dengan SWAT original, SWAT pothole, dan SWAT modifikasi Stiyanto. Algoritma sawah untuk prediksi hasil air DAS Maros menggunakan program SWAT berhasil dimodifikasi dengan mengubah algoritma tinggi genangan maksimum menjadi 150 mm dan periode tanam menjadi 3 kali dalam setahun, sesuai dengan kondisi sawah di DAS Maros. SWAT original menghasilkan nilai R² sebesar 0,605 dan NSE sebesar 0,586. SWAT pothole menghasilkan nilai R² sebesar 0,689 dan NSE sebesar 0,679. SWAT modifikasi Stiyanto menghasilkan nilai R² sebesar 0,733 dan NSE sebesar 0,729. Hasil air dengan menggunakan SWAT modifikasi ini menghasilkan nilai debit yang lebih baik serta diperoleh nilai R² dan NSE sebesar 0,781 dan 0,777. Hasil air analisis SWAT modifikasi sebesar 0,33 - 290,06 m3/detik sedangkan hasil air di lapangan sebesar 0,35 - 293,09 m3/detik. Hasil analisis SWAT modifikasi memberikan hasil air yang mendekati kondisi di lapangan., The soil and water assessment tool (SWAT) is a model developed in America and is comprehensive for the watershed scale. The model is designed to predict the impact of land management on discharge, sedimentation, and water quality. The purpose of this study was to modify the maximum inundation height of the paddy field algorithm and planting period to predict the water yield of the Maros watershed using the SWAT. Evaluation of the simulation results was carried out by looking at the value of R2 and NSE based on the comparison of the results of the observation discharge with simulated discharge. Modified SWAT will be compared with SWAT original, SWAT pothole, and SWAT modification Stiyanto. SWAT has been successfully modified the algorithm for maximum inundation height of 150 mm and a planting period of 3 times a year. The SWAT original resulted an R² and NSE value of 0,605 and 0,586, respectively. The SWAT pothole resulted an R² and NSE value of 0,689 and 0,679, respectively. SWAT modification Stiyanto resulted an R² and NSE value of 0,733 and 0,729, respectively. This results showed that water yield of the SWAT modification produced a better discharge analysis value with R² and NSE 0.781 and 0.777, respectively. The results of the modified SWAT analysis water yield are 0,33 - 290,06 m3/s while the water yield of the observation are 0,35 - 293,09 m3/s. The results of the modified SWAT analysis provide water results that are close to conditions in the observation.
Keyword: hasil air, modifikasi algortima, periode tanam, SWAT, tinggi genangan

Judul: Maros River Discharge Analysis Using Modified Soil and  Water Assessment Tools (SWAT) Program
Abstrak: SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) is one of the hydrological models developed in America and is used to analyze the effect of land management on discharge, sedimentation, and water quality in a river basin area. The value of parameters for hydrological conditions in the Americas is different from the conditions in Indonesia so that a SWAT modification is done. The purpose of this research is to implement a SWAT modifications application to predict the results of the better hydrological analysis in the sub-Watershed area, which has a paddy field of about 13,90%. The evaluation of the module has done by looking at the value of determination (R²) and Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency (NS) based on the comparison of simulated discharge results with an observation discharge. Research begins with the process of delineation DEM map, HRU formation, simulation, calibration, and validation. The research shows that the rice paddy modules are structured to provide good debit prediction results, which are indicated by relatively high R² and NS values. The R² value for daily data on SWAT modification is 0,725. This value is better than the original SWAT value and with Pothole, which is 0,706 and 0,708. Likewise, for NS values, the NS value for daily data on SWAT modifications is 0,721, for the original SWAT and with Pothole is 0,668 nand 0,685.
Keyword: Discharge, Maros River, SWAT, SWAT modification

Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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