Judul: Detoksifikasi Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dan Evaluasinya Secara in vitro dan in vivo terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas L. seed cake is a byproduct of the extraction process jatropha seeds to obtain oil from Jatropha (Jatropha oil). Production of jatropha oil from jatropha seeds, produces cake about 65-70% of the treated seeds. Jatropha curcas L. seed cake has very high proteins that are 56.4-63.8%. The very high protein content causes Jatropha curcas L. seed cake has the potential to be used as animal feed. However, some toxic compounds, especially phorbol ester can disrupt the digestive process and cause of death for cattle in a short time. This research aimed to obtain the best detoxification method and to determine the effects of its use in mice (Mus musculus). This research was initiated by proximate analysis on Jatropha curcas seed cake before detoxified. Detoxification consist of two methods of transesterification which includes of three treatment (transesterification followed by washing with water, transesterification followed by washing with hexane, and transesterification followed by washing with methanol) and solvent extraction includes four treatments (extraction of hexane- extraction of methanol-heating at temperature 60-80°C, extraction of hexane- extraction of methanol-autoclave at 121°C for 30 min, soaking NaOH- autoclave at 121°C for 30 min, and control autoclaved at 121°C for 30 min). Jatropha curcas seed cake which had been detoxified, then analyzed the content of phorbol ester and in vitro in rumen fluid. Jatropha curcas seed cake which contains the lowest phorbol ester then be tested in mice. Before detoxification, the phorbol ester of jatropha seed cake was about 795.78 mg / g meal. The results showed that detoxification could reduce the phorbol ester. Transesterification with methanol produced the lowest phorbol ester until 0.00 mg / g meal. Jatropha curcas seed cake result of transesterification with methanol washing was added to the diets of mice at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 10% containing 2.5% zeolite. The measured parameters was weight gain, mortality, food intake and digestibility, Protein Eficiency Ratio (PER) and Food Transformation Index (FTI). The results showed that the substitution of results of Jatropha curcas seed cake detoxification throughed the process of transesterification with methanol leaching into the diets of mice significantly affected the level of consumption of food substances. The best treatment was indicated by the ration with R3 treatment (15%)
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Judul: Bio-assay bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) terdetoksifikasi menggunakan mencit (Mus musculus) sebagai hewan coba
Abstrak: A research to examine the effect of detoxified Jatropha curcas meal from several origins in mice diets (Mus musculus) had been conducted. The amounts of 144 mice were kept in 48 pens and completely randomized to a 3 x 6 factorial treatments. As factor A was Jatropha meal origins (A1 = Kebumen; A2 = Lampung and A3 = Lombok), while factor B was substitution of 10% soybean oil meal with Jatropha meal after detoxified with various methods (B0 = control diets without Jatropha; B1 = heat treatment of Jatropha + 1% turmeric meal; B2, B3 and B4 = addition of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% turmeric meal respectively and then followed by heat treatments, B5 = addition 4% NaOH + 10% NaOCl followed by heat treatment. The treatments were repeated three times. Diet and nutrients intake, body weight changed and mortality had been measured. Jatropha of Lampung’s origin was less toxic in compare to Kebumen’s and Lombok’s origin. Jatropha origins and detoxification methods influenced diets intake, mice growth and mortality significantly (p < 0.05). Detoxified of Jatropha’s Lampung-origin with B5 method gave the highest survival rate (100%) of the mice after 28 d of feeding trial. The B5 was the best Jatropha detoxification methods in lowering phorbolester content but the meal still could not be categorized as a safe feed to consume.
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Judul: Identifikasi Westerly Wind Bursts Dan Hubungannya Dengan Kejadian El Niño
Abstrak: Westerly Wind Burst (WWBs) didefiniskan sebagai gangguan atmosfer berskala sinoptik yang ditandai dengan angin baratan kuat dengan kecepatan lebih dari 5 m/s disekitar ekuator yang terjadi selama lebih dari 2 hari. WWBs diyakini sebagai salah satu gangguan yang berperan dalam proses fisis kejadian El Niño, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk melihat bagaimana karakteristik WWBs dan hubungannya dengan kejadian El Niño. Data yang digunakan adalah angin zonal & meridional, suhu permukaan laut (SPL), dan data Oceanic Nino Index (ONI) selama tahun 1981-2015. Selama periode 1981-2015, terdeteksi WWBs sebanyak 173 kejadian dengan kecepatan angin berkisar antara 5-10 m/s yang tersebar dari Samudra Hindia hingga Samudra Pasifik. Kejadian WWBs terbanyak terdeteksi di Samudra Pasifik timur dan tengah (wilayah Nino 3.4) masing-masing sebanyak 102 dan 64 kejadian, sedangkan WWBs di Samudra Pasifik barat dan Samudra Hindia masing-masing hanya 4 dan 3 kejadian. WWBs yang terdeteksi pada umumnya diikuti oleh kejadian El Niño, frekuensi kejadian WWBs akan meningkat ketika El Niño menguat. Hasil analisis komposit angin zonal dan SPL pada kejadian El Niño (1982-1983, 1991-1992, dan 1997-1998) menunjukkan bahwa WWBs mulai terdeteksi 3-4 bulan sebelum kejadian El Niño dan mencapai puncaknya pada Bulan November-Januari di tahun berikutnya seiring dengan fase puncak kejadian El Niño. Hasil analisis korelasi antara frekuensi kejadian WWBs dan ONI adalah 0.51 yang signifikan pada selang kepercayaan 99%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa kejadian WWBs dan El Niño memiliki hubungan yang searah. Ketika frekuensi WWBs meningkat, kejadian El Niño juga akan mengalami penguatan.
Keyword: Westerly Wind Burst, Angin Zonal, SPL, El Niño, GrADS