Judul: Optimasi Beberapa Metode Eliminasi Virus pada Apeks dan Meristem Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.)
Abstrak: Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the main sugar-producing plant, vegetatively propagated by using its cutting node and potentially spreading viral diseases. Mosaic disease may reduce 20-30% sugar yield. These research, performed optimization methods that can be applied for virus elimination. In this study, several methods have been optimized to support virus elimination efforts through application of hot water treatment (HWT), antiviral, and freezing on apex and meristem tissues. The objectives of this study were to know the effect of temperature and antiviral agent on the survival and regeneration rate of apexes and meristems of sugarcane PS864, to know the effect of pre-culture, loading treatment and duration of dehydration in PVS2 to the survival and regeneration rate of sugarcane apexes of PS864 after freezing in liquid nitrogen. This study consisted of five experiments: 1) the optimization of HWT (direct thermotherapy, indirect thermotherapy with and without using metal sieve filter), 2) the optimization of HWT (25, 30, 40, 50, and 60 oC) and antiviral agent ribavirin (0, 15, 20, 25 μg l-1) on apexes, 3) the optimization of HWT (25 and 50 oC) and antiviral agent ribavirin (0, 15, 20, 25 μg l-1) on meristems, 4) the optimization of dehydration treatment (0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 minute), and 5) the optimization of freezing method by vitrification technique with preculture treatment (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 M sucrose for 5 days) and loading treatment with LS solution (0, 10, 20, dan 30 minutes). The result showed that indirect HWT by using metal sieve filter was the best method. This method could decrease heat shock effect so that the apexes could grow after 50 oC treatment (25%) with regeneration rate of 4 shoots/explant. There was no interaction betwen HWT and antiviral agent. It showed that apexes could survive and grow after 50 oC (5%) or ribavirin treatment of 25 μg l-1 (57.97%) and could normally multiply on ribavirin containing media as well as their regeneration medium. However, combined treatment of HWT and antiviral agent showed no different response and interaction for survival, growth, and shoot number of meristem. Injury during isolation and high content of phenolic compound was assumed as the cause of low rate regeneration of meristem after treatment. Necrosis symptom of apexes was relatively low (< 3%) found in the ribavirin treatment of 20 and 25 μg l-1. Similar symptom did not appear on the meristem. On dehydration experiment, duration for 30 minutes was the best treatment. It was the longest periode that provide high level survival rate (74%). Post-freezing, the survival of apexes were affected by sucrose concentration on pre-culture medium. Pre-culture treatment with 0.3 M sucrose for 5 days and loading treatment for 10 minutes in LS and dehydration with PVS2 for 30 minutes was the optimal freezing method and resulted 40% survival rate.
Keyword: S. officinarum L, apex, meristem, HWT, antiviral, and freezing

Judul: enetic Stability Analysis of Micropropagated and Dehydrated Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) for Cryopreservation
Abstrak: Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) merupakan tanaman utama penghasil gula, pada umumnya diperbanyak secara vegetatif. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang diakui sebagai center of origin dan center of biodiversity tebu. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya konservasi plasma nutfah tebu untuk menjaga kekayaan sumber daya genetik. Kekayaan sumber daya genetik adalah modal utama dalam kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman. Metode konservasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah kriopreservasi secara vitrifikasi. Sebelum dikriopreservasi, tebu diperbanyak melalui teknik kultur jaringan. Teknik kultur jaringan diyakini dapat menghasilkan tunas yang seragam dalam jumlah besar dan identik dengan induknya (true-to-type). Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui respon genotipe dan pengaruh tipe eksplan terhadap multiplikasi tunas in vitro pada tiga frekuensi subkultur (subkultur ketiga, keenam, dan kesembilan), mengetahui pengaruh proses multiplikasi tunas in vitro terhadap kestabilan genetik, mengetahui respon genotipe terhadap proses kriopreservasi tunas apikal secara vitrifikasi, dan mengetahui pengaruh proses kriopreservasi terhadap kestabilan genetik. Percobaan pertama ialah multiplikasi tunas in vitro enam genotipe tebu berdasarkan tipe eksplan dan analisis kestabilan genetik menggunakan penanda SSR. Tunas aksilar enam genotipe tebu (PS 881, PS 865, GMP 3, PSJK 922, TK 386, dan PS 862) ditumbuhkan pada media MS + 0.3 mg l-1 BAP + 0.5 mg l-1 IBA + 100 mg l-1 PVP kemudian disubkultur ke media yang sama setiap tiga minggu. subkultur dilakukan hingga subkultur kesembilan. Daya hidup eksplan, daya regenerasi tunas, rata-rata pertambahan tunas per satu tunas eksplan, dan tinggi tunas diamati pada subkultur ketiga, keenam, dan kesembilan. Analisis kestabilan genetik terhadap populasi biakan tebu subkultur ketiga, keenam, dan kesembilan menggunakan 12 pasang primer SSR yang merupakan hasil skrining dari 20 pasang primer SSR. Dua belas pasang primer tersebut adalah SKM 01, SKM 02, SKM 03, SKM 04, SKM 05, SKM 06, SKM 08, SKM 09, SKM 10, SMs 12, SMs 47, dan SMs 48. Hasil percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa respon enam genotipe tebu bervariasi dalam multiplikasi tunas in vitro hingga subkultur kesembilan. Satu tunas per eksplan merupakan tipe eksplan yang paling optimal untuk multiplikasi tunas tebu in vitro. Terdapat pengaruh interaksi antara genotipe dan tipe eksplan terhadap daya regenerasi tunas pada subkultur keenam. Populasi biakan tebu masing-masing genotipe, kecuali PS 862, menunjukkan tingkat kestabilan genetik yang tinggi (koefisien kemiripan >94%) pada subkultur ketiga, keenam, dan kesembilan berdasarkan 12 penanda SSR yang digunakan., Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) is the main crop producing sugar in Indonesia, generally propagated vegetatively. Indonesia is one of the countries recognized as a sugarcane center of origin and center of biodiversity. Therefore it is necessary to conserve germplasm of sugarcane to maintain the wealth of genetic resources. The wealth of genetic resources is the main capital for plant breeding activities. The conservation method used in this research is cryopreservation vitrification. Sugarcane was propagated through tissue culture techniques before applying cryopreservation. Tissue culture techniques are believed to produce uniform shoots in large numbers and identical to the mother plant (true-to-type). The aim of this research was to know the genotype response and the influence of the type of eksplan to the multiplication of in vitro shoots at three subculture frequencies (third, sixth and ninth), to know the effect of
Keyword: multiplication, genotype, subculture frequency, Tunas in vitro, Genotype tebu, Kriopreservasi tunas

Judul: Peranan Pemiimpin Formal dalam Menggerakkan Partisipasi Masyarakat terhadap Pusat Kegiatan Belajar Masyarakat (PKBM)
Abstrak: Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Dewan lnternasional Pengembangan Pendidikan (me International Central of Educational Development) da n UNESCO mengungkapkan bahwa negam-negara berkembang umumnya mernpunyai masalah yang terkait dengan peningkatan dan pendapatan yang menjadi dasar penting bagi pendidikan masyarakat. Dengan dernikian perlu diadakannya program pernbangunan pendidikan baik melalui pendidikan fomal maupun pendidikan nonformal. Dalam hal ini lebih ditekankan kepada pendidikan non formal, sehingga memunculkan ide Community Learning centre (CLC).
Keyword: