Judul: Increasing Yolk Color Index by Using Calliandra Leaves Meals (Calliandra calothyrsus) and Shrimp Head Meals in Duck Diets
Abstrak: The yolk from intensive duck system mostly has pale color, so it is not interested to consumers. This is caused by the changing of raising pattern from scavenging in to intensive duck system. In intensive duck system, the duck is fed by a mixture of concentrate and rice brand, meanwhile under scavenging, the ducks get its feed from forage and small animal from backyard, wetland, and dry land farming systems. The yellow pigment of yolk come from forage such as Sauropus androgynus Merr, Leucaena Leucocephala, Calliandra calothyrsus and Ipomoea aquatica and also from animal like shrimp waste (shrimp head). This experiment is consisted of 2 ( two) phases; 1) preliminary experiment; aimed to determine the optimum level of Calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals in diets, 2) continued experiment; aimed to get the best yolk color index from combination levels of using Calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals in diets. Forty two duck started to produce egg (6 month old) were raised in the preliminary experiment and divided in to 6 treatments with 7 replicates; each replication is consisted of 1 duck. The treatments were 1) 100% of basal diet (BD); 2) BD + 3% of Calliandra leaves meals (K); 3) BD + 6% of K; 4) BD + 3% of shrimp head meals (SH); 5) BD + 6% of SH; and 6) BD + 9% of SH. Based on the preliminary experiment is found the optimum level of calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals for applying in the continued experiment. In continued experiment was used 30 duck (6 month old) and divided in to 3 treatments and 10 replicates, with 1 duck in each replication. The treatment were R1) 100% 0f BD; R2) BD + 6% of K + 3% of SH; 3) BD + 6% of K + 6% of SH. This experiment used random analysis approach. The difference among the treatment was tested by Multiple Duncan s Test (Steel and Torrie, 1991). Descriptive approach was used to explain egg production, histopathology changes, the result of identification, and clinical symptom. Parameters observed were consumption, ration efficiency, egg production, yolk color index, retinol content in serum by using HPLC, percentage of the weight of lever, kidney, pancreas and reproductive (ovary and oviduct) organ. The result of the experiment showed that R1 treatment can increase yolk color index with the score, 11 and R2 got 10. There was no significant effect of Calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals on consumption and ration efficiency, while for egg production showed the variability among individual duck in each treatment, only 40% in R0 produced egg, 60 % in R1, and 80% in R2. The highest egg production in each treatment was found in R0 treatment 75%, in R1 treatment was 66.7%, and in R2 treatment was 50%. Using Calliandra leaves meals and shrimp head meals in diets did not affect the inner organ. From histopathology assessment showed that morphological of lever, kidney, pancreas, and reproductive (ovary and oviduct) organ still in normal category. ©
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Judul: Telur Itik Fungsionai Kaya Asam Lemak Omega-3 dan Omega-6 Berimbang, Vitamin A dan Rendah Kolesteroi
Abstrak: Duck eggs contain high cholesterol and high saturated fatty acids. These high fatty acids and high cholesterol are very dangerous because if it were consumed in excess will lead to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Several facts suggest that omega-3 (ω-3) and omega-6 (ω-6) have an important role for brain function, integrity, formation and growth of the brain, preventing cardiovascular disease (atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease), cancer, and improve the body immunity. The other hand if the balance of ω-3 and ω-6 distracted can decrease LDL and HDL cholesterol. The best ratio between ω-3 and ω-6 in the food is 1:5. The aims of this study was to determine the feeding effect of diets containing different balance of omega 3 (ω-3) and omega 6 (ω -6) fatty acid and organic Zn on duck productive performances, egg quality, egg cholesterol content, vitamin A content and proportion of ω-3: ω-6 in the yolk. A total of 90 birds of 21 weeks old ducks were randomly divided into 18 experimental units of 1mx1mx1m of cages. This study used a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment diets were : diet without using palm oil, fish oil or organic Zn with proportion of ω -3 : ω -6 = 1: 5.1; R1 = diet contain proportion of ω-3 : ω-6= 1: 1.5 + 200 ppm organic Zn; R2 = diet contain proportion of ω-3 : ω -6= 1: 2.9 + 200 ppm organic Zn; R3 = diet contain proportion of ω-3 : ω-6= 1: 4.6 + 200 ppm organic Zn; R4 = diet contain proportion of ω-3 : ω-6= 1: 5.9 + 200 ppm organic Zn; R5 = diet contain proportion of ω-3 : ω-6= 1 : 7.7 + 200 ppm organic Zn. The parameters observed were: feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, egg production, egg weight, yolk weight, albumen weight, yolk color score, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, haugh unit, egg index, fatty acid, Vitamin A, and egg cholesterol content. The results showed using ω-3 and ω-6 fatty acids with proportion of 1: 2.9 + 200 ppm organic Zn (R1) highly significantly (P<0.01) increased egg production, and highly significant (P <0.01) reduced feed conversion ratio (FCR). The average of feed consumption ranged at 143.81-160.53 g / duck / day, egg production was 35.08% - 58.47% and the feed conversion was 5.12 - 7.61.. The treatments did not decrease physical duck eggs quality. The treatment of R1 higly significantly (P<0.01) decreased the yolk cholesterol about 24.45%. The egg of R5 contained the highest vitamin A which was 1675 IU/100g. The balances of ω-6 and ω-3 contained in the yolk due to the treatments of R0, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 were 7, 1.1, 3.4, 5.3, 9.3, 11.5 respectively. The deposit efficiency of ω-3 fatty acids in egg yolk were 39.29% (R0), 55.30% (R1), 32.00% (R2), 28.57% (R3), 27.50% (R4) and 32.26% (R5), while the deposit efficiency of ω-6 fatty acids in egg yolk were 53.84% (R0), 41.75% (R1), 37.75% (R2), 32.74% (R3), 43.04% (R4), and 48.12% (R5). The treatment of R3 resulted the
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Judul: Perencanaan lanskap permukiman untuk mitigasi Bencana gempa bumi Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan yang terletak diantara beberapa patahan lempeng benua yaitu lempeng Eurasia dan lempeng Filipina di sebelah utara, lempeng Australia di bagian selatan, dan lempeng Pasifik di bagian timur kepulauan. Hal ini mengakibatkan Indonesia menjadi salah satu kawasan dengan zona seismic tertinggi di dunia. Pada tanggal 2 September 2009 terjadi gempa bumi berkekuatan 7,3 Skala Richter dengan episentrum yang berada di Samudera Indonesia di sebelah selatan Tasikmalaya. Gelombang gempa merambat hingga Bandung, Cianjur dan Sukabumi. Salah satu kawasan yang terkena dampak paling parah akibat gelombang gempa ini adalah Kecamatan Pangalengan di Kabupaten Bandung. Berdasarkan data statistik Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Kecamatan Pangalengan mengalami kerusakan paling parah dari total 29 kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Bandung. Selanjutnya dari 13 desa yang ada di Kecamatan Pangalengan, hampir semua bangunan di desa-desa tersebut mengalami kerusakan akibat gempa termasuk sarana infrastruktur penting seperti Puskesmas dan sekolah.
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