Judul: Pola Garis dan Warna pada Ikan Green Tiger (Puntius tetrazona) dan Keturunannya
Abstrak: Ikan green tiger (Puntius tetrasona Blkr) atau the moss green tiger barb adalah salah satu ikan hias air tawar yang sudah cukup lama dikenal di kalangan penggemar ikan hias karena keunikan corah tubuhnya. Menurut Friese (1990) dan Petrovicky (1988), ikan green tiger adalah hasil mutasi dari ikan sumatra attau ikan tiger barb yang normal.
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Judul: Pola garis dan warna pada generasi ketiga ikan Green Tiger (Puntius tetrazona Blkr.)
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengembangbiakan Ikan, Fakultas Perikanan, IPB, pada bulan Januari sampai dengan bulan Mei 1993. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui pola garis dan warna yang tampak pada generasi ketiga ikan green tiger (Puntius tetrazona Blkr.) serta menduga geno- tip yang berperan dalam menentukan pola garis dan warna pada tubuh ikan tersebut. Penelitian ini merupakan kelanjutan terhadap penelitian pola garis dan warna pada ikan green tiger generasi kedua. Induk-induk ikan green tiger yang merupakan keturunan kedua (F2) dipijahkan dengan perlakuan: 1. Ikan green tiger hitam >< ikan green tiger hitam, 2. Ikan green tiger hitam >< ikan green tiger hijau, 3. Ikan green tiger hijau >< ikan green tiger hijau. Setelah memijah induk-induk diangkat dan telur-telur dibiarkan menetas dalam akuarium pemijahan. Larva dipeli- hara sampai berumur 15 hari dalam akuarium pemijahan dan kemudian dipindahkan kedalam akuarium yang lebih besar. Pengamatan dilakukan setelah ikan berumur 2 bulan dimana pola garis dan warna sudah dapat diamati. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah ikan berdasarkan pola garis dan warna yang tampak pada tubuh ikan tersebut. Dari data yang didapat, kemungkinan notasi genotip dengan perbandingan antar genotip dan fenotip dianalisa dengan diagram Punnet. Perbandingan fenotip yang diperoleh diuji dengan menggunakan rumus Chi-squere atau x² untuk mengetahui apakah perbandingan fenotip yang didapat mendekati suatu sebaran teoritis tertentu, yang mana sebaran teori- tis tersebut adalah rasio fenotip harapan berdasarkan diagram Punnet (Yatim, 1983)…dst
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Judul: Effectiveness of Microwave Oven against B. cereus to Reach Food Safety Objective in Cook-chill Foods
Abstrak: Cook-chill foods are meal that being cooked and then chilled quickly until further consumption. Usually before being consumed, the foods are reheated by the consumers to improve the organoleptic property and also to destroy bacteria. One of the things that need to be considered is that cook-chill foods that are originated from grains like rice or wheat are vulnerable to be contaminated by pathogen, especially Bacillus cereus. Another problem is that on the packaging of specific cook-chill food that being investigated, there is only instruction manual on how to reheat the food with 1800 W microwave oven. Microwave oven that is being used in household level is usually lower than 1000 W, so there is a possibility under-cooking may happen because there is no standardization on how to heat food with microwave on household level. The research was conducted in five steps, which were; (1) investigation of standard plate count and B. cereus count on two cook-chill foods (spaghetti bolognaise and black pepper chicken rice), (2) challenge test on those cook-chill foods to evaluate the growth of B. cereus on cook-chill food on 15oC, (3) challenge test to evaluate inactivation of vegetative cells and spores of B. cereus by microwave oven (850 watt and 410 watt), (4) to evaluate if FSO of those cook-chill foods could be achieved based on data gathered in the previous results, and (5) to study the effect of microwave oven and moist heat against leakages of nucleic acids and proteins of B. cereus. The results of this research were that microwave oven with 850 watt power could still reach food safety objective (FSO) when cook-chill foods were being reheated for the recommended time on the packagings (45 seconds for spaghetti bolognaise and 2 minutes for black pepper chicken rice), however when using 410 watt microwave oven, FSO could not be achieved. The mechanism of which why microwave oven could destroy vegetative cell and spores of B. cereus was also investigated. The result was that heat treatment using microwave oven differed when compared to moist heat since heat treatment using microwave oven caused leakages of nucleic acid and protein content of the vegetative cells and spores of B. cereusin much larger effect than moist heat.
Keyword: cook-chill foods, Bacillus cereus, microwave, rice, spaghetti, food safety objective