Judul: Histopathological changes of Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei infection in the Penaeus vannamei Shrimp
Abstrak: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei (EHP) is a type of parasite that can be categorized as a microsporidia, which is a diverse group of obligate intracellular eukaryotic parasites. EHP infection is often associated with white feces syndrome. The most of the aquaculture shrimp contribution has come from Penaeus vannamei which accounts 80% of the whole shrimp production. The aim of this research is to analyze and determine the structures and intensity of these organisms through microscopic observation of the Penaeus vannamei shrimp that were confirmed to be infected by Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei through polymerase chain reaction (PCR). This research is done in the form of histopathological observations through diagrams, and the understanding of the pathogenesis using Hematoxylin Eosin (HE), Alcian Blue-Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) and Masson’s Trichrome staining. Histopathological representation is done through the use of a light microscope. Results of this study indicates that, the testing of three types of dyes which are the Hematoxylin Eosin (HE) stain, Alcian-Blue Periodic Acid Schiff (AB-PAS) and the Masson’s Trichrome stain show that the usage of AB-PAS stain is the best out of the three stains. Further tests show that granulocytes are the type of hemocytes most dominant in response to EHP infection with the highest susceptibility in shrimp 1 out of three shrimp. Intestinal microscopic observation also showed that there was no apparent occurrence of white feces syndrome (WFS). In conclusion, from this research it can be found microscopically an abnormality which is the presence of one of the life cycles of the parasite EHP in the hapatopancreas tubules of the shrimp.
Keyword: Enterocytozoon hepatopenaei, hepatopancreas, microsporidia, Penaeus vannamei, penyakit udang

Judul: The Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on Histopathological View of Hepatopankreas of Vaname Shrimp Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Vibrio parahaemolyticus dapat menginfeksi udang vaname, menyebabkan kelainan acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). Selenium dan vitamin E mempunyai peran penting sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati perbedaan gambaran histopatologi hepatopankreas udang vaname yang diinfeksi VPAHPND yang diberi pakan komersial tanpa dan dengan penambahan selenium, vitamin E, dan kombinasi keduanya, serta kelompok yang menunjukkan hasil terbaik. Sebanyak 600 ekor udang post-larvae (PL) dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yakni kelompok K sebagai kontrol negatif, kelompok A sebagai kontrol positif, kelompok B diberi penambahan selenium dosis 20 mg/kg, kelompok C diberi penambahan vitamin E dengan dosis 1000 mg/kg, dan kelompok D diberi penambahan kombinasi selenium dosis 20 mg/kg dan vitamin E dosis 1000 mg/kg. Gambaran histopatologis hepatopankreas udang PL pada tiap kelompok perlakuan dibandingkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian kombinasi selenium dan vitamin E memberikan hasil yang terbaik dalam menjaga integritas serta fungsi hepatopankreas udang dari toksin yang dihasilkan bakteri VPAHPND., Vibrio parahaemolyticus can infect vanamei shrimp, causing acute hepatopancreatic necrotic disease (AHPND). Both selenium and vitamin E have important roles as antioxidants. This study aims to observe the differences in the histopathological view of the hepatopancreas of vaname shrimp infected with VPAHPND and fed with commercial feed with and without the addition of selenium, vitamin E, and a combination of both, as well as the group that shows the best results. A total of 600 post-larvae (PL) shrimp were divided into 5 groups, namely group K as negative control, group A as positive control, group B which was given selenium at a dose of 20 mg/kg, group C which was given vitamin E at a dose of 1000 mg/kg, and group D which was given a combination of selenium at a dose of 20 mg/kg and vitamin E at a dose of 1000 mg/kg. The histopathological views of PL shrimp hepatopancreas in each group were compared. The results showed that the combination of selenium and vitamin E produced the optimal result in maintaining the integrity and function of shrimp hepatopancreas against toxins produced by VPAHPND bacteria.
Keyword: hepatopancreas, histopathology, selenium, vitamin E, VPAHPND

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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