Judul: Audit Energi pada Proses Produksi CPO (Crude Palm Oil) di PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Unit Usaha Adolina, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: The requirement of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) is more increasing and causing the energy needed to produce CPO is more increasing too. The aim of this research were to calculate the energy needed to produce per unit CPO in Adolina, to determine the kinds and sources of energy needed in the processing, and to determine how to do providence in processing. The stages that have been done in this research are consist of system boundary determination, audit method determination, pre audit, detailed energy audit, comparison to the other location with the same commodity, and recommendation. Without calculate the embodied energy of machines and pesticide, total of primary energy consumption needed is 13.4106 MJ to produce per kg CPO with capacity of 30 ton Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) per hour and the yield is 23.527%. The energy input in production process is derived from diesel fuel, biomass, human (biology), and fertilizer. Energy providence done through increasing factory processing efficiency and repairing the production machines.
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Judul: Energy audit on CPO (Crude Palm Oil) production in PMKS PT. Condong Garut, West Java
Abstrak: Increasing of CPO (Crude Palm Oil) demand in the world market will be increasing energy consumption for CPO production. The purpose of this research was to conduct energy auditing on CPO production in PT. Condong Garut, West Java. Result of the study shows that the total primary energy consumption is 17.56 MJ/kg CPO at production capacity of the factory about 20 ton Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB)/hour with 20.08 % yield. The total energy consumption was not included embodied energy of tools & machines and pesticide. The energy input was supplied by biomass (shell and fiber), diesel oil, fertilizer and human (biology). 64.16 % of Total energy was consumed in processing plant, while cultivation activities included harvesting consume 34.11 % and FFB transportation consume 1.73 %. Energy savings could be done by increasing FFB production, repairing the production machines and using CPO as a diesel oil blends.
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Judul: Model SI-SIRS pada penyakit flu burung
Abstrak: Penyakit flu burung adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus influenza tipe A yang memiliki beberapa subtipe yang ditandai adanya Hemagglutinin (H) dan Neuramidase (N), salah satunya adalah H5N1. Penyebaran flu burung dari burung ke manusia dapat diformulasikan dalam model SIRS (Suspectible Infected Recovered Suspectible) dan model SI (Suspectible Infected). Analisis kestabilan terhadap model SI-SIRS ini menghasilkan dua titik tetap, yaitu titik tetap tanpa penyakit dan titik tetap endemik di mana kestabilannya dipengaruhi oleh bilangan reproduksi dasar virus (Ro). Ketika R < 1 titik tetap tanpa penyakit bersifat simpul stabil, dan titik tetap endemik bersifat spiral takstabil sehingga virus akan hilang dari populasi. Ketika Ro > 1 titik tetap tanpa penyakit bersifat sadel, dan titik tetap endemik akan bersifat spiral stabil sehingga virus akan bertahan dalam populasi. Dalam karya tulis ini, dinamika populasi manusia dan burung digambarkan dalam beberapa contoh ilustratif dengan banyaknya burung yang terinfeksi sebesar 10% dan 50%. Diperoleh hasil bahwa untuk Ro <1, populasi burung yang dengan 10% terinfeksi mencapai kestabilan lebih cepat daripada populasi burung dengan 50% terinfeksi. Untuk Ro > 1, terjadi situasi yang berkebalikan. Secara umum dapat dikatakan dinamika penyakit flu burung dipengaruhi intensitas interaksi antara manusia yang rentan dan burung yang terinfeksi.
Keyword: Stability, Avian Influenza, Hemagglutinin