Judul: Jurnlah Leukosit pada Ayarn broiler yang Diinfeksi Salmonella rypkimurium setelah Pemberian Probiotik Bacillus upiurius dan BaciIlus coagtiluns pada Air Minum:
Abstrak: Berawal dari semakin tingginya kewaspadaan konsumen terhadap makanan yang dikonsumsi, terutama makanan yang berasal dari produk hewani sehingga dibutuhkan makanan ternak yang tidak hanya mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi hagi ternak tetapi juga bagi keamanan konsumen terhadap makanan yang dikonsumsi. Sej ak ditemukannya Penicillin of eh Alexander Fleming tahun 1928, penggunaan antibiotika tidak hanya untuk tujuan terapi pada kasus penyakit infeksi tetapi juga digunakan untuk pemacu pertumbuhan hewan ternak dan mencegah proses pembusukan oleh mikrwrganisme pembusuk pada produk hewani . Narnun, akhir-akhir ini penggunaan antibiotika mengalami penurunan dan bahkan penggunaannya dilarang di beberapa negara karena adanya residu dan resistensi mikroba. Sebagai pengganti antibiotika, peternak menggunakan probiotik sebagai bahan aditif. Probiotik mengandung komponen-komponen yang dapat meningkatkan kesehatan ternak dan tidak menimbulkan residu maupun resistensi mikroba dalam tubuh manusia ataupun hewan.
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Judul: Gambaran Sel Darah Putih dan Total Mikroba Ileum pada Broiler yang Diberi Air Minum Mengandung Probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp.
Abstrak: Penggunaan AGP (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) untuk memacu pertumbuhan dalam bidang peternakan sudah tidak diperbolehkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dan mengevaluasi probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. sebagai pengganti AGP (Antibiotic Growth Promoter) pada status kesehatan yang meliputi jumlah leukosit, diferensiasi leukosit, dan total mikroba di usus ileum ayam broiler. Probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. adalah bakteri hidup yang dimasukkan ke saluran pencernaan ayam agar dapat menjaga ayam broiler tetap sehat dengan menjaga keseimbangan mikroflora dalam usus. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 300 ayam broiler yang dibagi menjadi 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan yakni P0 (kontrol), P1 (P0 + AGP (Zinc Bacitracin 0.04%), dan P2 (P0 + probiotik). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Data dianalisis menggunakan Analisis Varians (ANOVA) oleh program perangkat lunak SPSS versi 20.0. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan probiotik Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. larut air minum (P2) sangat signifikan (P <0.01) dapat meningkatkan populasi bakteri asam laktat dan total bakteri tetapi tidak mempengaruhi populasi bakteri Coliform dan Salmoneform di dalam usus ileum ayam broiler. Penggunaan probiotik larut air minum Lactobacillus sp. dan Bacillus sp. tidak memiliki efek signifikan (P> 0.05) pada jumlah leukosit dan diferensiasi leukosit tetapi masih dalam kisaran normal., The use of AGP (Antibiotics Growth Promoter) in animal husbandry the use of AGP in poultry farming has been banned since 2018. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of probiotics. as a subtitute of AGP on health status of broiler chicken which indicated by the number of leukocytes, differentiation of leukocytes, and total microbes in the ileal intestinal of birds. Probiotics that containing of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. are live bacteria that are entered into the digestive tract to keep chikens healthy by maintaining the balance of intestinal microflora. In this research a total number of 300 chikens were randomly divided into 3 treatments and 5 replications. The treatments were P0 (control), P1 (P0 + AGP (Zinc Bacitracin 0.04%), and P2 (P0 + probiotics). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD). The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) by SPSS software program version 20.0. The results showed that the use of water soluble probiotics that contain Lactobacillus v sp. and Bacillus sp. (P2) very significantly (P<0.01) increased the population of lactic acid bacteria and total bacteria but it did not have an affect the population of Coliform and Salmoneform bacteria in the ileal intestinal of broiler chinkens. Then, the use of drinking water soluble probiotics had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the number of leukocytes and differentiation of leukocytes but still in the normal range.
Keyword: Broiler, probiotic, leukocytes, total microbes

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite