Judul: Desentralisasi Fiskal, Tax Effort, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Daerah: Studi Empirik Kabupaten/Kota Se-Indonesia 2001-2008
Abstrak: Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 32/2004 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 33/2004 telah menyebabkan perubahan yang mendasar mengenai pengaturan hubungan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah, khususnya dalam bidang administrasi pemerintahan maupun dalam hubungan keuangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, yang dikenal dengan era otonomi daerah. Salah satu konsekuensi dari pelaksanaan otonomi daerah ini adalah adanya desentralisasi fiskal, dimana pemerintah daerah mendapat keleluasaan yang lebih besar dalam mengelola keuangan daerah yang dituangkan dalam anggaran belanja, baik dari sisi penerimaan maupun pengeluaran. Kewenangan daerah yang semakin luas diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemandirian fiskal daerah serta kinerja pemerintah untuk mendorong terciptanya pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih baik, yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah (peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat).
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Judul: Dampak desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pembangunan sosial ekonomi daerah di Indonesia
Abstrak: Fundamental change in the Indonesian governance mechanisms from centralized into decentralized system has been occured since 1st January 2001. The successes of the government during the period of decentralization can be seen from several indicaators such as economic growth, the number of poor people as well as human development index. However, many parties felt that the implementation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia only in terms of its political success through the implementation of direct election of regional heads, while from an economic standpoint is still not satisfactory. Based on the background above, the purpose of this research are: 1) to analyze the factors that affect revenue, expenditure of local government and regional socio-economic development in Indonesia, 2) analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on the revenue and expenditure of local government in Indonesia, 3) Analyzing the impact of changes in revenues and expenditures of local governments towards local socio-economic development in Indonesia. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and analysis of simultaneous equations. The results of simulation models from the revenue side generally indicates that the increase in general allocation funds more influential and effective in improving the performance of socio-economic development compared with the increase in taxes and tax-sharing and non-tax. From the expenditure side, the agricultural sector development spending significantly more effective increasing the GRDP and poverty reduction in Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. As for education and health sector spending provides a larger impact on the increase GRDP and poverty reduction in Java-Bali and Papua.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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