Judul: Effectiveness of Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) Leaf Infusion as Anti-diarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Nilam (Pogostemon cablin) merupakan suatu tanaman herbal yang dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional mengatasi diare. Efektivitas daun nilam sebagai antidiare belum dievaluasi secara ilmiah hingga saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi secara ilmiah efek infusa daun nilam sebagai antidiare dan mengetahui konsentrasi infusa daun nilam yang efektif sebagai antidiare. Selain itu, bertujuan mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder daun nilam. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dikelompokkan menjadi 5 di antaranya kelompok kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%]), kontrol positif (suspensi loperamide HCl), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan infusa daun nilam dengan konsentrasi 25, 50, dan 100% yang diberikan secara oral. Parameter yang diamati dengan metode proteksi intestinal yaitu frekuensi defekasi dan konsistensi feses. Uji efektivitas dengan metode proteksi intestinal menunjukkan infusa daun nilam mampu mengatasi diare. Konsentrasi infusa daun nilam 25, 50, dan 100% memiliki efektivitas antidiare yang sama baik dengan loperamide HCl sebagai kontrol positif. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa daun nilam mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yang memiliki efek antidiare, yaitu alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin., Patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) is an herbal plant used as a traditional medicine to treat diarrhea. The effectiveness of patchouli leaves as anti-diarrheal has not been scientifically evaluated. This study aimed to scientifically evaluate the effect of patchouli leaf infusion as antidiarrheal and determine the concentration of patchouli leaf infusion that is effective as antidiarrheal. In addition, it aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content of patchouli leaves. This study used 30 mice grouped into 5 groups, including a negative control group (Tween 80 [1%]), a positive control (loperamide HCl suspension), and three treatment groups of patchouli leaf infusion with concentrations of 25, 50, and 100% given orally. Parameters observed with the intestinal protection method were frequency of defecation and consistency of feces. The effectiveness test with intestinal protection method indicated that patchouli leaf infusion was able to overcome diarrhea. Concentrations of 25, 50, and 100% patchouli leaf infusion had the same antidiarrheal effectiveness as loperamide HCl as a positive control. Phytochemical test showed that patchouli leaves contain secondary metabolite compounds that have antidiarrheal effects, namely alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins.
Keyword: anti-diarrheal, infusion, intestinal protection, patchouli leaf

Judul: Effectiveness of Nutmeg Infusion (Myristica fragrans) as an Antidhiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Buah pala dikenal sebagai rempah-rempah yang memiliki nilai ekonomis dan multiguna yang dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai industri makanan, minuman, obat-obatan, parfum dan kosmestik. Belum ada riset farmakologi dari aktivitas antidiare buah pala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder melalui uji fitokimia dan mengetahui efektivitas sediaan infusa buah pala sebagai antidiare melalui metode proteksi intestinal. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi efektif yang memberikan efek antidiare terbaik pada mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kelompok kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%] ), kelompok kontrol positif (Loperamid HCl), dan 3 kelompok perlakuan infusa buah pala dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (25%, 50% dan 100%). Perlakuan metode uji proteksi intestinal diberikan melalui rute peroral. Parameter yang digunakan pada metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi defekasi dan konsistensi feses. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan buah pala mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid dan saponin. Hasil uji in vivo proteksi intestinal menunjukkan infusa buah pala dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50% dan 100% efektif sebagai antidiare. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu infusa buah pala terbukti mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid yang efektif sebagai antidiare. Studi ini menunjukkan infusa buah pala pada konsentrasi 25%, 50% dan 100% memiliki efek antidiare., Nutmeg is known as a spice that has economic value and is multipurpose and is used in various food, beverage, medicine, perfume and cosmetic industries. There has been no pharmacological research on the antidiarrheal activity of nutmeg. This research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds through phytochemical tests and determine the effectiveness of nutmeg infusion preparations as anti-diarrhea through intestinal protection methods. Apart from that, this research also aims to determine the effective concentration that provides the best antidiarrheal effect in mice. This study used 25 mice divided into 5 groups. The treatment groups consisted of a negative control group (Tween 80 [1%]), a positive control group (Loperamide HCl), and 3 nutmeg infusion treatment groups with graded concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%). The intestinal protection test method treatment is given via the oral route. The parameters used in the intestinal protection method are defecation frequency and stool consistency. Phytochemical test results show that nutmeg contains alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. The results of the in vivo intestinal protection test showed that nutmeg infusion with concentrations of 25%, 50% and 100% was effective as an antidiarrheal. The conculission of this research is that nutmeg infussion in proven to contain secondary metabolite compounds, namely alkaloids, saponin and flavonoid which are effective as antidhiarrheals. This study shows that nutmeg infussion at concentrations of 25%, 50% and 100% has antidhiarrheal effects.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, proteksi intestinal, buah pala, uji fitokimia

Judul: 3D model reconstruction using aerial photo to measure object height
Abstrak: 3D reconstruction, especially for height extraction, using digital aerial photos taken from a non-metric camera and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is a challenging study. The purposes of the study are to determine the factors affect the accuracy of an object’s height reveal from a 3D model and establish procedures to deliver the optimal result. Two or more overlapping aerial photos can be constructed into the 3D model by applying the principles of collinearity and epipolar geometry using 3D reconstruction algorithm. Due to the instability of non-metric digital camera, the camera must be calibrated before 3D reconstruction is processed, in that way the quality of spatial extraction can be then measured. The study is conducted using 24 megapixels resolution Sony NEX7 digital camera and Hexacopter UAV. UAV was flown to a height of 50 m, 60 m and 70 m and placed at a certain position in order to get some height variations of camera. Camera Calibration Toolbox is utilized to calculate intrinsik parameters of the camera and a specific program is developed using MATLAB in order to build the 3D model and to obtain the object’s height. The result validation is done by comparing the height from 3D model with that one measured using Electronic Total Station. The accuracy of the object’s height up to 1 mm successfully achieved, with the largest height prediction error reaches 15.2 cm at 70 m flying height above ground level and average percentage error 4.07 for 20 objects.
Keyword: 3D reconstruction, collinearity, epipolar geometry, UAV