Judul: Salmonella species occurrence related to coliform counts, and the  hygiene and sanitation conditions in ready-to-eat food outlets.
Abstrak: The presence of enteric bacteria like Salmonella and certain coliform groups can be very harmful. Salmonella is responsible for serious and sometimes fatal food poisoning. Coliforms are an indication of whether there has been fecal contamination or the determine the general hygiene and sanitation status of an area; mostly employed to indicate food safety and sanitation conditions of the work areas in general including environment, equipments, utensils, food handlers, and raw materials and the distribution network. Both groups of organisms are of major concern in the food sector. Ready-to-eat (RTE) foods provide a source of possible cause for some of the most dangerous foodborne illnesses. Examples of ready-to-eat foods sold in the RTE food outlets around Bogor Agricultural University area are Fat cakes, doughnuts; corn-on-the-cob, crisp extruded products (Kurupuk), beef, goat meat, fish and chicken, apples, bananas, pears, oranges, grapes and mangoes, soft drinks, juices, and ice pop, Rice is mainly served with the meaty products or vegetarian choices like gado-gado. The number of customers to have one of the outlets serve when filled ranges (outlet I) from 6 􀂱 8 people; (outlet II) 14 􀂱 16 people; (outlet III) more than 20 people.
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Judul: Prevalence and Contamination Risk Profile of  Salmonella spp. on Chicken Carcasses in Retail in the West Java Region
Abstrak: Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu daerah utama penyedia ayam di Indonesia Bakteri Salmonella spp. merupakan bakteri patogen penyebab penyakit bawaan pangan yang dapat mengkontaminasi karkas ayam salah satunya karena penangangan yang salah di tahap ritel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung prevalensi dan jumlah kontaminasi serta menentukan faktor kritis kontaminasi Salmonella spp. di tahap ritel. Sampel penelitian berasal dari 12 kota/kabupaten di wilayah Jawa Barat. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui penghimpunan data sekunder, pengambilan data survei, analisis kuantitatif Salmonella spp. menggunakan metode spread plate count dengan media selektif agar XLT4, serta profil risiko dengan analisis sensitivitas melalui simulasi Monte Carlo 10.000 iterasi menggunakan software Oracle Crystall Ball. Hasil penghimpunan data sekunder diperoleh prevalensi kontaminasi Salmonella spp. sebesar 78% (n=363). Hasil analisis kuantitatif Salmonella spp. pada karkas ayam yang berasal dari pasar OKtradisional menunjukkan prevalensi 65% (n=40) dengan konsentrasi 3.25± 0.71 Log CFU/g, dan dari ritel modern menunjukkan prevalensi sebesar 40% (n=30) dengan konsentrasi 0.24±0.79 Log CFU/g. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan nilai kontribusi pada aspek yang paling penting yaitu pengemasan saat displai (33.5%), kebersihan fasilitas displai (26.5%) dan suhu displai (10.9%). Korelasi peringkat tertinggi menunjukkan bahwa aspek-aspek tersebut mempunyai kontribusi yang tinggi terhadap tingkat risiko kontaminasi dan dapat menjadi faktor prioritas untuk dikendalikan., West Java was one of the main regions supplying chickens in Indonesia. Salmonella spp. Bacteria were pathogenic bacteria that caused foodborne illnesses and could contaminate chicken carcasses, partly due to mishandling at the retail stage. This study aimed to calculate the prevalence and level of contamination, as well as identify critical factors of Salmonella spp. contamination at the retail stage. The study samples were taken from 12 cities/regencies in the West Java region. The research methods included collecting secondary data, conducting surveys, and performing a quantitative analysis of Salmonella spp. using the spread plate count method with XLT4 selective agar media, and developing a risk profile with sensitivity analysis through 10,000 iterations of Monte Carlo simulation using Oracle Crystal Ball software. The secondary data collection results showed a prevalence of Salmonella spp. contamination of 78% (n=363). The quantitative analysis results for Salmonella spp. on chicken carcasses from traditional markets showed a prevalence of 65% (n=40) with a concentration of 3.25±0.71 Log CFU/g, while those from modern retail showed a prevalence of 40% (n=30) with a concentration of 0.24±0.79 Log CFU/g. Sensitivity analysis indicated the most critical factors were packaging during display (33.5%), display facility cleanliness (26.5%), and display temperature (10.9%). The highest rank correlation showed that these factors significantly contributed to the contamination risk level and could be the priority factors to control.
Keyword: contamination, chicken carcass, risk, Salmonella spp, ritel

Judul: Invers dari Matriks Tridiagonal Jacobi
Abstrak: Suatu matriks berukuran n×n dinamakan matriks tridiagonal jika untuk . Karya ilmiah ini memberikan algoritma yang mudah untuk menemukan invers ( dari matriks tridiagonal Jacobi yang simetrik dan nonsimetrik. Setiap elemen pada matriks tridiagonal ini adalah bilangan real. Terdapat 3 lema dan 2 teorema untuk menentukan . Lema pertama menunjukkan persamaan utama dalam membuktikan lema-lema dan teorema-teorema selanjutnya. Invers dari matriks yang simetrik dibuktikan oleh lema kedua yang menunjukkan elemen-elemen baris ke- dari . Selanjutnya, lema kedua dilengkapi dengan teorema pertama yang menunjukkan elemen-elemen dengan . Invers dari matriks yang nonsimetrik dibuktikan oleh lema ketiga yang menunjukkan elemen-elemen dengan dan elemen-elemen dengan dibuktikankan oleh teorema kedua.
Keyword: symmetric, nonsymmetric, matrix