Judul: Rice Flour Process Design from Rice Raw Materials Declines in Quality on an Industrial Scale
Abstrak: Beras turun mutu merupakan beras yang telah mengalami penyusutan akibat jangka waktu simpan yang cukup lama sehingga menimbulkan kerusakan atau penurunan kualitas dan mengandung beras pecah atau patah tinggi. Rata-rata jumlah beras turun mutu di Perum BULOG (Perusahaan Umum Badan Usaha Logistik) sebesar 83.358 ton per tahun. Salah satu alternatif lain dalam upaya peningkatan nilai tambah beras turun mutu yaitu melalui pengolahan menjadi tepung beras. Proses pengembangan produksi tepung beras dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode perendaman alkali yang kemudian ditransformasi ke skala industri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui desain proses produksi tepung beras berupa pemilihan mesin dan peralatan, perhitungan neraca massa, dan penjadwalan produksi. Industri ini berjalan secara semi kontinyu dengan target produksi 35 ton per hari. Tahapan proses dimulai dari sortasi bahan baku, pencucian dan perendaman, penggilingan, pengenceran atau pencucian bubur atau pasta tepung, pemurnian atau pemisahan pertama dari cairan limbah alkali, netralisasi, pemurnian atau pemisahan kedua dari limbah alkali, pemisahan lapisan tailing (residu protein), pengeringan, penghalusan untuk menyeragamkan ukuran, dan pengemasan. Total kebutuhan energi listrik dari industri ini yaitu 6033,3 kWh dan waktu produksi yaitu 21 jam per hari dalam satu kali proses produksi., Degraded rice has experienced shrinkage due to a long enough storage period to cause damage or decrease in quality and contains high broken rice. The average amount of rice decreased at Perum BULOG (General Logistics Business Entity) by 83,358 tons per year. Another alternative to increase the added value of declining quality rice is processing it into rice flour. Developing rice flour production is carried out using the alkaline steeping method, which is then transformed to an industrial scale. This study aims to determine the design of the rice flour production process in the form of machine and equipment selection, mass balance calculations, and production scheduling. This industry runs semi-continuously with a daily production target of 35 tons. The process steps start from the sorting of raw materials, washing, and soaking, milling, dilution or washing of starch, the first purification or separation of the alkaline waste liquid, neutralization, the second purification or separation of alkaline waste, separation of the tailings layer (protein residue), drying, milling final for uniformity size and packaging. This industry's total electrical energy requirement is 6033,3 kWh, and the production time is 21 hours per day in one production process.
Keyword: alkaline steeping methode, degraded rice, industrial process design

Judul: Business Model and Financial Feasibility Analysis Establishment of Rice Flour Industry from Degraded Rice
Abstrak: Beras turun mutu merupakan beras yang memiliki mutu rendah sehingga harga beras tersebut menjadi murah. Ketersediaan beras turun mutu cukup banyak di Indonesia. Salah satu peningkatan nilai tambah dari beras turun mutu adalah mengolahnya menjadi tepung beras. Industri pembuatan tepung beras memiliki peluang yang besar di pasaran. Hal ini dilihat dari tingkat konsumsi tepung beras yang mengalami peningkatan karena pemanfaatan/aplikasinya yang semakin banyak, khususnya pembuatan produk makanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menyusun model bisnis dengan pendekatan Business Model Canvas dan menganalisis kelayakan finansial pendirian industri tepung beras. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa prototype Business Model Canvas yang berisikan strategi bisnis pendirian industri tepung beras. Hasil analisis kelayakan finansial diperoleh bahwa Profit Margin dari industri tepung beras sebesar 50,00%, Break Even Point sebesar 30,70%, Internal Rate of Return sebesar 66,01% dan Return on Investment sebesar 76,06% dengan Pay out Time 1,31 tahun. Berdasarkan hasil analisis tersebut disimpulkan bahwa industri tepung beras dari bahan baku beras turun mutu layak didirikan., Degraded rice is low-quality rice, so the price of rice becomes cheap. The availability of low-quality rice is quite a lot in Indonesia. One added value of low-quality rice is processing it into rice flour. The rice flour manufacturing industry has great opportunities in the market. This can be seen from the level of rice flour consumption, which has increased due to its increasing use/application, especially in the manufacture of food products. The purpose of this research is to develop a business model with a Business Model Canvas approach and to analyze the financial feasibility of establishing a rice flour industry. The results obtained are in the form of a prototype Business Model Canvas which contains the business strategy for the establishment of the rice flour industry. The results of the financial feasibility analysis show that the Profit Margin of the rice flour industry is 50,00%, Break even point of 30,70%, Internal Rate of Return of 66,01% and Return on Investment of 76,06% with a Payout Time of 1,31 years. Based on the results of the analysis, it is concluded that the rice flour industry from rice raw materials has decreased in quality and is feasible to be established.
Keyword: analisis kelayakan finansial, beras turun mutu, business model canvas, tepung beras, degraded rice, rice flour, financial feasibility analysis

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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