Judul: Aktivitas fisik dan konsumsi energi minuman berkalori pada laki-laki dan perempuan gemuk dan tidak gemuk
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to study physical activity level (PAL) and energy intake from calorie beverages (EICB) of overweight (OW) and nonoverweight (NOW) males and females. The research was carried out throught analyzing a data set of THIRST (The Indonesian Regional Hydration Study) collected in 2008 and 2009 by applying a cross sectional study design among 606 adolescents (male and female aged 15-18 years) and 594 adults (male and female aged 25-55 years) in North Jakarta, West Bandung, Surabaya, Malang, Makasar, and Malino. Data processing and analysis were conducted in Bogor in Maret-July 2011. Since the prevalence of OW in adolescent is small (13.5%), the analysis was combined for both adolescent and adults, regardless the age goups. The results showed that the prevalence of OW was 31.8%, which is higher among female (35.5%) than male (27.9%). The mean BMI for overall subjects was 23.0 ± 4.9 (kg/m2), among female and male was 23.5 ± 5.2 (kg/m2) and 22.5 ± 4.6 (kg/m2) respectively, and among OW and NOW was 29.1 ± 3.9 (kg/m2) and 20.6 ± 2.7 (kg/m2) respectively. The mean PAL for overall subjects was 1.65 ± 0.19, among female and male was 1.62 ± 0.16 and 1.69 ± 0.21 respectively; and among OW and NOW was 1.60 ± 0.16 and 1.67 ± 0.19 respectively. The mean intake of EICB was 439 ± 394 kcal/day, among female and male was 409 ± 367 kcal/day and 471 ± 420 kcal/day respectively, and among OW and NOW was 395 ± 360 kcal/day and 477 ± 408 kcal/day respectively. The five types of calorie beverages most consumed by OW and NOW were the same, namely unpacked tea, unpacked coffee, unpacked juice, packed milk and unpacked yoghurt. There was significant correlation between PAL and BMI, but not for EICB and BMI, which more likely explained by the low energy adequacy level (84.3%) among subjects and the weaknesses of the cross sectional study design. This implies that increasing physical activity and limiting energy adequacy level is important to prevent overweight. Further studies with better design are required in this field in Indonesia.
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Judul: The Relationship Between Sweetened Beverages,  Physical Activity and The Incident of Central Obesity in Adult
Abstrak: Obesitas sentral merupakan penumpukan lemak pada daerah bagian rongga perut dan pinggang. Prevalensi obesitas sentral di Jawa Barat sebesar 31,99% (Balitbang RI 2019). Faktor risiko obesitas sentral diantaranya adalah seringnya konsumsi minuman manis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan hubungan antara kebiasaan konsumsi minuman manis dengan kejadian obesitas sentral di Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional study dengan jumlah sebesar 120 orang yang dipilih secara purposive dan convenience sampling. Data diperoleh berdasarkan pengukuran dan wawancara. Status gizi sebagian besar subjek berdasarkan IMT adalah normal (32,5%) sedangkan menurut RLPP proporsi antara kelompok obesitas sentral dan tidak adalah sama (50%). Rata-rata total konsumsi gula dari minuman manis didapatkan sebesar 70,1 g/hari senilai dengan energi sebesar 276,6 kkal/hari sehingga sebesar 12,3% dari kecukupan energi harian. Hasil analisis uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan antara tingkat kecukupan energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, kebiasaan konsumsi minuman manis, dan aktivitas sedentary dengan kejadian obesitas sentral (p>0,05). Tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebiasaan konsumsi minuman manis dengan tingkat kecukupan energi dan karbohidrat (p>0,05). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara aktivitas fisik dengan kejadian obesitas sentral (p<0,05)., Central obesity is the accumulation of fat in the abdominal and waist areas. The prevalence of central obesity in West Java is 31.99% (Research and Development of the Republic of Indonesia 2019). Risk factors for central obesity include frequent consumption of sweetened beverages. This study aims to determine the relationship between sweetened beverages and central obesity in West Java. This research used a cross-sectional study design with a total of 120 people selected using purposive and convenience sampling. Data was obtained based on measurements and interviews. The nutritional status of most subjects based on BMI was normal (32.5%) while according to RLPP the proportion between the centrally obese and non-obese groups was the same (50%). The average total sugar consumption from sweetened beverages was found to be 70.1 g/day equivalent to the energy of 276.6 kcal/day which was 12.3% of the daily energy requirements. The results showed that there was no relationship between the level of energy adequacy, protein, fat, carbohydrates, sweetened beverages, and sedentary activity with central obesity (p>0.05). There is no significant relationship sweetened beverages and the level of energy and carbohydrate adequacy (p>0.05). There is a significant relationship between physical activity and central obesity (p<0.05).
Keyword: adequacy level, adult age, central obesity, physical activity, sweetened  beverages

Judul: Sintesis nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 menggunakan teknik hidrotermal
Abstrak: Nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) merupakan semikonduktor yang berpotensi sebagai fotokatalis untuk reaksi fotodegradasi zat pewarna. Semikonduktor ini memiliki sela pita yang jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan semikonduktor TiO2, sehingga memungkinkan dapat berkerja hanya dengan paparan sinar matahari. Nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan teknik hidrotermal dengan suhu 200 oC selama 24 jam. Larutan Cu2ZnSnS4 dinetralkan menggunakan amonium hidroksida dan dialiri gas N2 sebelum proses hidrotermal. Hasil analisis mikroskop elektron pemayaran menunjukkan nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 mengalami aglomerasi karena memiliki ukuran partikel yang besar. Hasil analisis difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa Cu2ZnSnS4 yang dihasilkan memiliki struktur kesterit dengan senyawa fase sekunder yang terbentuk adalah CuS, ZnS, dan Cu2SnS3. Hasil uji fotodegradasi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hasil sintesis memiliki kemampuan degradasi dibawah sinar matahari lebih baik dibandingkan dengan TiO2. Namun, pada paparan sinar UV, TiO2 mendegradasi biru metilena lebih baik daripada senyawa hasil sintesis. Kapasitas adsorbsi terhadap biru metilena sebesar 2.6780 mg/g menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hasil sintesis tidak mampu mengadsorpsi dengan baik, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa hilangnya biru metilena dari larutan disebabkan oleh fotodegradasi, bukan oleh adsorpsi
Keyword: band gap, Cu2ZnSnS4, kesterite, photocatalyst, semiconductor