Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The existence of PT. SDK as one of the peripatetic Company in oil and gas sector which work with PT. Pertamina hold important role in ready to supply gas and improvement of earning of area in home affairs. Research aim to develop model of utilization of associated gas activity of petroleum exploitation in supporting clean development mechanism in Tugu Barat oil field. Big potential of gas production in Indonesia and decreasing the production of oil as fuel production in Indonesia, make Indonesian government to change policy from utilized oil fuel to gas fuel as alternative energy a cheap and environmentally friendly. On the other hand, production of oil and gas be produced flaring gas. Based on that, need to find utilization of flaring gas modeling on oil and gas company to support clean development mechanism, such as on Tugu Barat Oil and Gas Exploitation Field, Indramayu, West Java. This research use descriptive analysis method with triangulation method, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Pay Back Period (PBP), and profitability Index Analysis with software Powersim Constructor version 2.5, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The analysis result indicated that flaring gas produced from Tugu Barat Field potential to processed, because profitable and could decrease global warming so that it can support clean development mechanism (CDM). Alternative policy that could develop on Tugu Barat Oil Field is process flaring gas to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), beside profitable, it can protect environment quality to clean development mechanism (CDM). To achieve this, most influential factor is government policy and other influential factors are human resources, natural resources (flaring gas availability), funding, technology, facilities and infrastructure. Therefore to manage flaring gas on Tugu Barat Field needs government policy and high quality human resources. Flare gas industry on Tugu Barat Oil Production Field, economically good to develop. The result of West Java and Jakarta society sub model ecology , sub model simulation and economic sub model indicated the preference of positive growth curve establishment which follow exponential curve, same result indicate on migrants. But because of resource limitedness, at one time the curve go to stable equilibrium through balancing process which at dynamic system said for following archetype “limit to growth”. Alternative policy management of associated gas which need to be developed in Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG).
Keyword: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Greenhouse gasses, West Java, Global Warming

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Peranan energi fosil tetap dominan dalam memenuhi kebutuhan energi manusia yang berakibat pada percepatan kelangkaan energi dan sekaligus meningkatkan jumlah bahan pencemar dari penambangan, pengangkutan dan pemakaian energi fosil. Keadan tersebut perlu ditanggulangi dengan memanfaatkan sumberdaya energi lain yang dapat mengganti peran energi fosil dan yang rendah kadar bahan pencemar. Salah satu pilihannya adalah biomassa yang dengan proses biokonversi menghasilkan sisntesis energi komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan : 1) mendapatkan model penduga produksi bio gas dan kadar metana hasil proses fermentasi anaerobik campuran biomassa, 2) merancang sistem produksi metana yang menggunakan proses fermentasi anaerobik, 3) mengevaluasi kelayakan sistem produksi metana, dan 4) menyusun model simulasi sistem produksi metana. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan empat bagian yang saling berkaitan. Penelitian gas bio menggunakan proses fermentasi anaerobik dengan data yang diperoleh dari percobaan tiga jenis biomassa dan empat macam komposisi campuran biomassa. Data kandungan unsur hara dan kandungan logam berat bahan organik sisa proses fermentasi diperoleh dari analisis laboratorium (N dengan metode Kjedahl; metode AAS untuk mendapatkan data P, K, Cd, Pb, dan Hg). Kajian kelayakan sistem produksi metana menggunakan data histroris dan model penduga gas bio terhadap kontinyuitas penyediaan biomassa, kelayakan finansial dengan parameter NPV, produksi metana, dan pengurangan kuantitas limbah padat. Model simulasi disusun dengan metode matematis menggunakan perangkat lunak Qbasic, dan validitas model menggunakan metode output.
Keyword: West Java, Model penduga produksi biogas, Kadar metana, Proses fermentasi anaerobik, Sistem produksi metana, Proses konversi biomassa, Energi fosil, Konservasi energi, substitusi energi komersial

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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