Judul: Bioethanol agro-industry development strategy in Lampung province
Abstrak: Agro-industry development is an important part of the industrialization process. Agro-industrial development based on potential agricultural areas in Indonesia plays an important role in driving the economy of Indonesia. Based on the potential areas of Lampung province, there are some superior agricultural commodities such as sugar cane, maize, cassava, sweet sorghum, sweet potatoes, and palm juice that can be utilized as raw materials for bio-ethanol industries. The objectives of this study aimed to: a) Get the superior commodity that can be used as feedstock for bio-ethanol industry in Lampung Province, b) determine the key elements of the bio-ethanol agro-industry development in Lampung Province, and c) determine the bio-ethanol agro-industry development strategy in Lampung province. Analyses were performed by utilizing the Exponential Comparative Method (ECM), Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM), and analysis of Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT). The results of the Exponential Comparative Method (MPE) analysis showed that cassava is the most superior raw materials. The analysis of ISM-VAXO found that the key elements of bio-ethanol development of agro-industry in Lampung Province is as followed: a) supporting the development of key elements: 1) the suitability and availability of land for raw materials, 2) Infrastructures production, 3) Support local governments in developing agro-bio-ethanol. b) Inhibiting the development of key elements: 1) limited funding for the development of small-scale agro-industries, 2) low productivity of raw materials, 3) Continuity of raw materials that are not guaranteed. Based on the analysis of IE / EF-SWOT, the strategy for agro-industry development of bio-ethanol in Lampung province are: (1) Intensification and extensification of agricultural land to meet the needs of raw materials, (2) Making the Lampung province as a source of national bio-fuel, (3) Promote technological innovation and institutional innovation to accelerate the delivery and adoption of bio-ethanol technology, and (4) Develop agro-industry cluster bio-ethanol which is supported by facilities and infrastructure cluster.
Keyword: bio-ethanol industries, sugar cane maize

Judul: The roles of agroindustry in the regional economy of Lampung Province: analysis of intersectoral linkages and agglomeration of industries
Abstrak: The objectives of this study are to analyze intersectoral linkages among agroindustry in the regional economy of Lampung Province, to identify the existence of spatial concentration and agglomeration of agroindustry, to analyze agglomeration economies in the agroindustrial sectors, and to analyze some policies that are potentially improve the roles of agroindustry in the regional economy. This study used data of provincial Input-Output Table of 2000 and 2005 aggregated into 26 sectors (12 agroindustrial sectors and 14 non agroindustrial sectors) and results of Medium and Large Industrial Survey 1998-2005. In addition, it used indices to measure the size of agglomeration. It utilized also Cobb-Douglas production function to measure the agglomeration economies. Some policy simulations were analyzed to identify the effects of changes of final demand on sectoral outputs, income, and labor. The results show that in terms of linkages and multipliers of sectoral output, income, and labor, agroindustrial sectors have the biggest roles in the regional economy. The sectors also boost the other sectors’ growth. They have strong backward as well as forward linkages that are greater than those of other sectors. Most agroindustrial sectors are concentrated in one or few districts/municipalities. These concentrations significantly effect the production outputs. Most economies of localization and urbanization exist in the agroindustrial sectors. The combined policies of increasing government expenditure, investment, and export that are proportionally allocated to all of the agglomerated agroindustrial sectors result in the greatest positive change of sectoral output, households’ income, and labors absorption. The impact of economic policy on the agglomerated agroindustrial sectors are greater than that of similar policy that are applied to non agglomerated agroindustrial sectors.
Keyword: the combined policies, government expenditure, input-output policy, agglomerated agroindustrial sector

Judul: Persamaan Geodesik Black Hole dengan Metrik Kerr 4+1 Dimensi dalam Koordinat Waktu Kosmik
Abstrak: Persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi dalam koordinat waktu kosmik merupakan interpretasi lain dari persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi, dimana acuan waktu yang digunakan diubah dari koordinat waktu wajar (proper time) ke dalam koordinat waktu kosmik (cosmic time). Waktu kosmik merupakan koordinat waktu yang dimana pengamat bergerak mengikuti ekspansi dari alam semesta. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi yang telah ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya menjadi persamaan geodesik yang memiliki fungsi terhadap dimensi waktu (t). Hasil akhir dari transformasi persamaan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan studi pustaka untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai persamaan geodesik black hole dalam koordinat waktu kosmik.
Keyword: Dimensi ekstra, Metrik Kerr, Persamaan geodesik, Waktu kosmik