Judul: Mempelajari pengaruh lama perendaman dan perebusan terhadap mutu tepung biji saga-pohon
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh lama perendaman dan perebusan terhadap komposisi zat gizi dan kandungan senyawa anti tripsin dari tepung saga-pohon. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan perlakuan lama perendaman biji saga terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu 0, 12 dan 24 jam, serta lama perebusan biji saga yang juga terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu 1.5, 2.0 dan 2.5 jam. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tepung saga yang dihasilkan meliputi kadar air, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar abu, uji aktivitas anti tripsin dan warna/derajat keputihan secara obyektif. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa lama perendaman berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap derajat keputihan tepung saga. Makin lama biji saga direndam, Бетаkin tinggi derajat keputihan tepung saga yang dihasilkan. Perlakuan lama perebusan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap kadar abu dan kandungan anti tripsin tepung saga. Makin lama biji saga direbus, semakin rendah kadar abu dan kandungan anti tripsin tepung saga yang dihasilkan. Kadar protein dan lemak tepung saga tidak dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan lama perendaman dan perebusan biji saga serta interaksi antara kedua perlakuan tersebut. Perlakuan terbaik dari penelitian ini adalah perlakuan perebusan biji saga selama 2.5 jam tanpa perendaman lebih dulu, dimana kadar protein dan lemaknya paling tinggi serta kandungan anti tripsinnya cukup rendah.
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Judul: Pengaruh Perajangan dan Lama Pengukusan Biji Saga Pohon (Adenanthera pavonina L.) terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Minyak yang Dihasilkan pada Proses Ekstraksi
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari perlakuan pendahuluan yang baik pada ekstraksi minyak biji saga-pohon agar supaya dihasilkan minyak dengan rendemen dan mutu yang baik. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan perlakuan ukuran hasil rajangan yang terdiri dari empat taraf, yaitu 8, 12, 16 dan 20 Mesh, dan lama pengukusan bahan yang terdiri dari tiga taraf, yaitu 60, 90 dan 120 menit. Pengamatan yang dilakukan terhadap minyak. yang dihasilkan meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan peroksida dan nilai "Volatile Reducing Substance".
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Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Kompleks Spesies Himantura uarnak (Batoidea: Dasyatidae) di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Stingrays are one of the cartilaginous fish, apart of sharks and skates, and one of Indonesia's fishery resources. Almost of elasmobranch fishes are economically important fish. The refined products and live specimens of this fish are a lot of traded. Himantura uarnak, H. undulata and H. leoparda are stingray species in Himantura and Dasyatidae family, which are the most popular stingrays in Indonesia waters. The stingrays are major target species were used as a consumable product and trading products. Levels of species diversity of cartilaginous fish in Indonesia are very high, and also Indonesia is listed as one of the countries that use elasmobranch resources the highest in the world. Generally, this study aims to identify each species of H. uarnak species complex through molecular approaches. While specifically, this study aims to estimate the evolutionary process of species divergence and to determine the relationship between species. The methods were used in this study included field sampling, sample collection, and specimen identification, collection of genetic samples, analysis of genetic samples and data analysis . Size polymorphism nuclear DNA markers (intron EPIC) were used. Polymorphism alleles translated into genotypes and alleles frequency of five introns loci. The results of Bayesian analysis and Correspondence Analysis (CA) produced informative diagram of the population structure showed 4 different clusters. Cluster 1 and 4 were H. leoparda, Cluster 2 indicated as H. undulata and the Cluster 3 was H. uarnak. Cluster 1 was a variant of Cluster 4, in this time called as H. leoparda var.1. Separation of four clusters according to nuclear DNA need to be proved by mitochondria DNA maker by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b). Molecular approaches were using mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b produced 4 main groups (Group I, II, III and IV). Both of these molecular approaches showed each individual of groups were in consistent clade and the main group. Hence the H. uarnak species complex in Indonesian waters were divided into 4 main groups, and each was a particular species. The Group I and IV were the two group species that have been released as H. leoparda and Group I was H. leoparda var. 1 identified as cryptic species. Group II was one individual who grouped as H. undulata. Group III was one of other group that identified as H. uarnak and in accordance with the morphological characteristic through spotting pettern. Morphological approach to identified the stingrays of Himantura uarnak species complex clearly less accurate than the molecular approaches. Morphological approach should not be used to identify a species complex in stingrays without helped by other approaches.
Keyword: Himantura uarnak species complex, intron EPIC, cyt b, COI, spotting pattern