Judul: ANALYSIS OF HOUSEHOLD WELFARE OF RICE FARMERS  IN SALE VILLAGE, SALE SUB-DISTRICT, SALE DISTRICT  REMBANG
Abstrak: Usahatani padi sawah di Desa Sale merupakan pekerjaan utama penduduk dalam memperoleh pendapatan. Keterbatasan lahan membuat usahatani padi sawah di Desa Sale sulit mendapatkan keuntungan secara ekonomis ekonomis sehingga petani harus mencari tambahan pendapatan baik di bidang pertanian maupun di luar pertanian untuk mencapai kesejahteraan yang dianggap sudah cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis (1) pendapatan rumah tangga, (2) kesejahteraan petani (3) faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengeluaran rumah tangga petani padi sawah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis pendapatan, pengeluaran, kesejahteraan rumah tangga dengan kriteria Sajogyo (1997) dan garis kemiskinan BPS, serta regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi terbesar pendapatan rumah tangga petani lahan sempit, sedang, dan luas berasal dari usahatani. Nilai pengeluaran rumah tangga petani padi sawah sudah diatas kriteria kesejahteraan dan tergolong dalam kategori rumah tangga cukup dan tidak miskin. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pengeluaran rumah tangga petani padi sawah adalah pendapatan rumah tangga dan jumlah anak yang masih sekolah., Rice paddy farming in Sale Village is the main occupation of the population in obtaining income. The limited land area makes it difficult for rice paddy farming in Sale Village to be economically profitable, so farmers must look for additional income both in agriculture and outside agriculture to achieve welfare that is considered sufficient to meet the needs of their households. The purpose of this study was to analyze (1) household income, (2) farmer welfare (3) factors affecting household expenditure of wet-rice farmers. The method used in this research is the analysis of income, expenditure, household welfare with the criteria of Sajogyo (1997) and BPS poverty line, as well as multiple linear regression. The results showed that the largest contribution of household income of narrow, medium, and large land farmers came from farming. The value of household expenditure of wet rice farmers is above the welfare criteria and is classified in the category of sufficient and non-poor households. Factors affecting household expenditure of wet-rice farmers are household income and the number of children still in school.
Keyword: pengaruh, pendapatan, pengeluaran, regresi linear berganda, rumah  tangga

Judul: The Livelihood Strategies of Rice Field Farmer Household in Rural Areas
Abstrak: Strategi penghidupan rumah tangga petani adalah upaya atau cara yang dilakukan rumah tangga petani untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup dan keluar dari masalah kemiskinan. Strategi penghidupan berkaitan dengan bagaimana masyarakat mengelola atau mengombinasikan aset penghidupan yang tersedia atau dimiliki. Lapisan sosial ekonomi rumah tangga dapat membedakan strategi penghidupan rumah tangga petani. Tujuan penelitian: (1) mendeskripsikan strategi penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi sawah, (2) mendeskripsikan dimensi dan kondisi lapisan sosial ekonomi rumah tangga petani padi sawah, (3) mendeskripsikan aset penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi sawah, (4) menganalisis hubungan lapisan sosial ekonomi dengan strategi penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi sawah, (5) menganalisis hubungan lapisan sosial ekonomi dengan aset penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi sawah, dan (6) menganalisis hubungan aset penghidupan dengan strategi penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi sawah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survai dengan pengambilan contoh (sampel) sebanyak 60 rumah tangga petani di Desa Tapos I, Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten bogor. Contoh dipilih dengan cara proportionate stratified random sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara terstruktur, wawancara mendalam, dan pengamatan. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis dengan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) terdapat hubungan yang tidak signifikan antara lapisan sosial ekonomi dengan strategi penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi sawah. Lapisan atas dan menengah menerapkan strategi konsolidasi, (2) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan cukup antara lapisan sosial ekonomi dengan aset penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi sawah. Lapisan menengah dan bawah memiliki tingkat kepemilikan aset sedang, dan (3) terdapat hubungan yang signifikan sangat kuat antara aset penghidupan rumah tangga petani dengan strategi penghidupan rumah tangga petani padi sawah. Rumah tangga dengan tingkat kepemilikan aset sedang dan tinggi menerapkan strategi konsolidasi., The livelihood of a farmer’s household is an effort or a method carried out by farmer’s households to make ends meet and end poverty. The strategy is linked with how society manages and combines existing and owned livelihood assets. The social stratification of the household can distinguish the livelihood strategies of farmer households. The purpose of this research: (1) To describe rice field farmers’ livelihood strategy, (2) To describe the condition of the social layer of rice field farmers’ household, (3) To describe rice field farmers’ livelihood asset, (4) To analyze the connection between the social layer with the rice field farmer livelihood strategy, (5) To analyze the connection between the social layer and the rice field farmers’ livelihood asset, and (6) to analyze the connection between livelihood asset and rice field farmers’ livelihood strategy. The research method used was a survey with sampling (sample) of 60 farmer households in Tapos I Village, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency. Samples were selected by proportionate stratified random sampling. Data were collected through structured interviews, in-depth interviews, and observations. The result of the research shows: (1) there is an insignificant connection between the social strata and the livelihood strategies of rice field farmers’ household. The upper and middle layers apply a consolidation strategy, (2) there is a significan sufficient connection between the social strata and the livelihood asset of rice field farmers household. The middle and lower layers have a moderate level of asset ownership, and (3) there is a significant
Keyword: livelihood strategy, asset, poverty

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
Keyword: