Judul: The Effect of BAP Hormones on Shoot Multiplication of Kantung Semar (Nephentes alata Blanco) Planted on Murashige & Skoog Media with In Vitro Techniques
Abstrak: Nepenthes atau Kantung Semar merupakan tumbuhan yang unik yang saat ini keberadaannya semakin terancam. Saat ini nepenthes termasuk ke dalam tanaman langka berdasarkan kategori IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) dan WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). Di Indonesia tumbuhan ini dilindungi menurut PP No. 7 tahun 1999 dan termasuk dalam daftar CITES Appendix I (N. rajah dan N. khasiana) dan Appendix II (selain kedua jenis tersebut). Teknik budidaya tumbuhan dengan metode konvensional (menggunakan medium tanah atau pasir) sering dihadapkan kepada kendala teknis, baik dalam segi waktu maupun lingkungan. Oleh karena itu saat ini telah berkembang teknik budidaya kultur jaringan, dan untuk mengoptimalkan multiplikasi tunas N. alata dapat dirangsang dengan menggunakan hormon BAP (6-benzylaminopurine)., Nepenthes or pitcher plant is unique plant which existence is increasingly threatened. Currently nepenthes is belong to the category of rare plants on the basis of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). In Indonesia, this plant is protected by PP No.7 / 1999 and included in Appendix I (N. rajah and N. khasiana) and Appendix II (in addition to the two types of these) of CITES. Plant cultivation techniques with conventional methods (using soil or sand media) are often encounter technical challenges, both in terms of time and environment. Nowaday, tissue culture technique had been developed to overcome the challenges, and BAP hormones (6-benzylaminopurine) could be used in stimulating nepenthes shoot multiplication. The research was conducted in November 2010 to March 2011 in Plant Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BAP hormones (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 ml/l), the use of Murashige & Skoog media (0, 1/5, 1/3, and 1 MS), and the interaction of both hormone and media effect on the growth nepenthes invitro. Quantitative data collected included the number of shoots, books, and leaves, and the height of shoot, while the qualitative data included description of the condition of the plant (root, callus, and death). The result showed that the interaction between BAP hormone and Murashige & Skoog medium did not indicate a statistically significantly different effect on the shoot multiplication of N. alata. The highest number of shoot was shown in the treatment of 0.5 ml/l BAP, 1/3 MS (A3B2) with the average number 5.50 units. The use of MS medium indicated a statistically significantly different effect on the shoot multiplication of N. alata, with the highest number of shoot was shown in the use of 1/3 MS (B2) mediawith the average number 4,20 units; while the giving of BAP hormone did not indicate a statistically significantly different effect on the shoot multiplication of N. alata, with the highest number of shoot was shown in the use of BAP 0.1 ml/l (A1) with the average number 4.20 units. The conclusion of this research was the best shoot multiplication of N. alata happens in the treatment 0.5 ml/l BAP, 1/3 MS (A3B2); while if it just usedthe MS media the best shoot multiplication was shown in the use of
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Judul: In vitro Shoot Proliferation Induction and Pitcher Formation of Nepenthes mirabilis in Three Basal Medium Compositions and Benzyl Adenine (BA) Concentration
Abstrak: Nepenthes mirabilis merupakan tumbuhan langka yang termasuk kedalam kelompok Appendix II pada CITES. Perbanyakan Nepenthes dengan biji sulit dilakukan karena daya kecambah yang rendah, sehingga perlu dilakukan perbanyakan secara in vitro untuk mempersingkat waktu, meningkatkan persentase keberhasilan perbanyakan, dan memperoleh bibit kualitas terbaik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari daya proliferasi tunas, pembentukan kantong, dan planlet N. mirabilis pada tiga komposisi media dasar dan empat taraf konsentrasi BA secara in vitro. Percobaan ini disusun menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) faktorial 2 faktor dengan bahan tanam berupa buku tunas aksilar N. mirabilis in vitro. Faktor pertama adalah komposisi media: Murashige and Skong (MS), Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH), dan Knudson C (KC) dengan setengah konsentrasi hara makro dan mikro. Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi BA (Benzyl Adenin): 0, 1, 2, 3 mgL-1. Seluruh media perlakuan ditambahkan 0,2 mgL-1 NAA dan 2,0 mgL-1 CaP. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa interaksi komposisi media dengan konsentrasi BA tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya regenerasi dan proliferasi tunas, pembentukan kantong, serta pembentukan planlet N. mirabilis selama 8 MSK. Perlakuan tunggal komposisi media juga tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap ketiga variabel tersebut. Perlakuan tunggal konsentrasi BA berpengaruh nyata terhadap rata-rata jumlah planlet pada minggu ke 8 yaitu pada sitokinin BA 1 mgL-1. Komposisi media yang optimum untuk menginduksi pembentukan planlet N. mirabilis adalah media ½ MS + 1 mgL-1 BA dengan total jumlah 22 planlet selama 8 MSK., Nepenthes mirabilis is a rare plants that include in the Appendix II lists species from CITES. Propagation of Nepenthes by seed is difficult to do because of the low percentage of germination, so in vitro propagation is carry out to shortened the propagation time, increase the percentage of successful propagation, and produce Nepenthes planlets with good quality. The aims of this research was to study the shoot proliferation ability of N. mirabilis in three basal medium compositions and four levels of BA concentration in vitro. This experiment was designed using a Factorial Randomized Complete Blok Design with two factors. The first factor is the medium composition: Murashige and Skoong (MS), Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH), and Knudson C (KC) with a half of macro and micronutrients concentration. The second factor is the concentration of BA: 0, 1, 2, 3 mgL-1. All of the treatment media were added by 0,2 mgL-1 NAA and 2,0 mgL-1 CaP. The experimental result showed that the interaction of medium composition and BA concentration doesn’t give a significantly effect in shoot proliferation, pitcher, and plantlets formation until 8 weeks after cultivation. The single treatment of medium composition also doesn’t give the significantly effect on that three variables. The single factor of BA concentration give the significantly effect on average number of plantlets in week 8 using BA 1 mgL-1. The optimum media composition to induce the in vitro planlet formation of Nepenthes mirabilis is ½ MS + 1 mgL-1 BA media that produced 22 planlets in 8 weeks.
Keyword: pitcher plant, Murashige and Skoog, Schenk and Hildebrandt, Knudson C, cytokinin

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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