Judul: Reproductive Pattern and Determinant Factor of Productivity White-Rumped Shamas (Copsychus malabaricus) at Bowo Bird Farm Bogor
Abstrak: Murai batu (Copsychus malabaricus) merupakan salah satu burung kicau yang digemari oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi manajemen indukan, pola reproduksi, tingkat produktivitas, dan faktor penentu produktivitas murai batu di Bowo Bird Farm. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapang, wawancara, dan penelusuran dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata umur dewasa kelamin murai batu betina 8 ± 0 bulan, sedangkan jantan 12 ± 0 bulan; jumlah telur per sarang 2,80 ± 0,41 butir; lama masa pengeraman telur 14 ± 0 hari; umur sapih anakan pada tahun 2014-2019 berumur 7 ± 0 hari (1 minggu), sedangkan tahun 2020 berumur 21,67 ± 0,57 (3 minggu); jarak bertelur kembali pada umur sapih anakan 1 minggu 31,17 ± 2,60 hari, sedangkan pada umur sapih anakan 3 minggu 40,34 ± 1,53 hari; lama umur produktif murai batu betina 4 tahun, sedangkan jantan 20 tahun. Tingkat produktivitas murai batu tergolong sedang dengan persentase induk produktif 65,77%, daya tetas telur 63,50%, dan persentase kematian anak 31,87%. Faktor penentu produktivitas berdasarkan regresi stepwise yaitu frekuensi bertelur induk, jumlah telur per sarang, dan jarak waktu bertelur kembali, sedangkan berdasarkan metode PCA yaitu PC I (jarak waktu bertelur kembali, frekuensi bertelur induk, dan umur induk betina) dan PC II (jumlah telur per sarang dan jumlah konsumsi pakan)., White-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) is one of the chirping birds that are widely favored. This research aims to identify broodstock management, reproductive pattern, productivity levels, and determinant factor of productivity white-rumped shamas at Bowo Bird Farm. Data is collected through field observations, interviews, and relevant document analysis. The result of the research showed that average age of puberty female is 8 ± 0 months, while male 12 ± 0 months; clutch size is 2,80 ± 0,41 eggs; hatching period is 14 ± 0 days; age of weaned juveniles in 2014-2019 is 7 ± 0 days (1 week old), while in 2020 is 21,67 ± 0,57 days (3 weeks old); egg production cycle for 1 week weaned juveniles is 31,17 ± 2,60 days, while for 3 weeks weaned juveniles is 40,34 ± 1,53 days; productive lifespan of female is 4 years, while male is 20 years. The productivity level is classified as moderate with percentage of productive broodstock 65,77%, egg hatchability 63,50%, and juvenile mortality 31,87%. The determinant factors of productivity based on the stepwise regression were broodstock laying egg frequency, clutch size, and egg production cycle, while based on the PCA method were PC I (egg production cycle, broodstock egg laying frequency, and age of female broodstock) and PC II (clutch size and amount of feed consumed).
Keyword: murai batu, penangkaran, pola reproduksi, produktivitas, captivity, productivity, reproductive pattern, white-rumped shamas

Judul: Teknik Pengelolaan dan Penilaian Kesejahteraan Murai Batu (Copsychus malabaricus, Scopoli 1788) di Mega Bird and Orchid Farm, Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Population of white-rumped shama (Copsychus malabaricus) in their natural habitat tends to decrease due to hunting activity, and forest conversion and degradation. One of efforts to conserve this species is ex-situ conservation by means of birds-keeping. This research aims to analyze management technique and to assess the success of bird-keeping of white-rumped shama at Mega Bird and Orchid Farm (MBOF). This study was conducted from May to July 2014. Types of hutches at MBOF are development, reproduction and incubation buildings. Feedstocks used in this research were powder and crickets. The percentage of reproduction level in 2013 and 2014 were respectively 70% and 23.80% while the hatchability were 66% and 82.35% and mortality were 33.33% and 21.43%. Welfare assessment conducted by breeder is 69.35 while it is based on the research result is 64.25. The conclusion is that management of white-rumped shama by MBOF complies with animal welfare criteria.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), white-rumped shama, reproduction, mortality, hatchability, animal welfares

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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