Judul: Ecotourism based tourism management (studies of small islands in teh Bunaken Nasional Park)
Abstrak: The Bunaken National Parkis aprotected areathathas the beautyandunderwatertourist attraction, and is amainstay ofthe NorthSulawesitourism. The beautyandits appealto attracttourists tovisitthe region, by the domesticand foreign tourists.Economically,havea positive impact oneconomic developmentandwelfare to the local community, howeveronthe other handhave an impacton thedecline inthe quality ofthe environment. It is characterized bythewidespreaddecline in the coral cover, caused bytourismactivityitself. Utilization ofnatural resourcesas anobjectand attractionneeds to be donecarefully, taking into account thebalanceofecological,socio-economic andsocio-cultural. Theconcept ofecotourismis a conceptthat a balance ofthese three aspects, forthemanagement ofthe parktourneeds to be donebased on the conceptof ecotourism. In general, the condition of coral reefs in Bunaken National Park is a good. But some of dive spot conditions are "bad" to "very bad". At the dive spots, diving and snorkeling activities cannot be done. The Bunaken NationalPark touristmanagement modelsimulated by thedynamic systemwiththePowersimConstructor software.The results of simulation showthe number of touristsin 2035reached27152.98, extensivecoral cover447.87ha, the local community incomesRp15,834,861,419.63andgovernmentrevenues Rp. 1,751,770,691.04. Furthermore ISM method is used to look at the institutional and strategic management of Bunaken National Park. The sub-elements are developed are the goals, the institutions involved and the strategic program required.
Keyword: Ecotourism, management, sustainable, model, powersim, ISM

Judul: Model Dinamik Pengelolaan Eksosistem Terumbu Karang di Pulau Pramuka, Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: The increasing number of tourists since 2003 and the development of community-based tourism in protected areas of Pramuka Island in the Thousand Islands Marine National Park caused the pressure on the quality of resources, especially coral reefs ecosystem and also the pressure on the environment. Therefore required a strategy of sustainable management of coral reef resources for tourism activities and coral reefs resources to be sustainable. This study aim is to build a dynamic model of management strategies that can be relied upon in doing the management of coral reef resources in Pramuka Island. Simulations was carried out on 5 scenarios that are scenario A, with no management; scenario B, destructive fishing management (biology sub-system); scenario C, management of entry fee to marine conservation park of Pramuka island (socio-ecomic subsystem); scenario D, waste management (marine environment sub-system) and scenario E, integrated management of coral reefs. Based on multicreria analysis of all scenarios using trade-off analysis that scenario E is the best mangement for sustainability of coral resources at Pramuka island. Management of biology subsystem, marine environments sub-system and socio-economic sub-system are closely related to one another and should be implemented in an integrated manner to ensure the sustainability of coral reef resources. Integrated management of coral reef ecosystem at Pramuka island include the management of the factors that threaten coral reefs; minimum fee into conservation areas of Pramuka Island of Rp 36 000,00 for the tourist; minimum wastewater treatment by 30% before being discharged directly into waters. Integrated management not only ensure the sustainability of coral reef resources, but also to ensure social and economic sustainability at Pramuka Island.
Keyword: 

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
Keyword: