Judul: Exploration of Partial Intron 1 and Exon 2 Diversity of the KIT Gene in Bali Cattle Using the Direct Sequencing Method
Abstrak: Bali cattle (Bos Javanicus) are native Indonesian cattle. There are hair color abnormalities in bali cattle such as white spotted and albino hair color patterns. This study aims to identify the diversity of the KIT gene in the partial intron 1 and exon 2 regions and to analyze its relationship with hair color in bali cattle. The research was conducted at the Molecular Genetics Laboratory, Faculty of Animal Science, IPB. The number of samples used were 48 blood samples of bali cattle including: 15 blood samples of bali cattle with white spotted hair, 14 albino and 20 samples of normal hair color. Research samples were obtained from BPTU-HPT Serdang, Denpasar, Bali and Lombok. Analysis of diversity used the direct sequencing method and the sequence results were analyzed using the MEGA7.0.26 and BioEdit72.50 programs. The target sequence of the KIT gene is 234 bp. Based on the results of the analysis, the KIT gene in bali cattle is monomorphic so that this fragment cannot be used as a differentiator for normal hair color, white spotted and albino in bali cattle. Thus, it was concluded that the diversity of partial intron 1 and exon 2 regions of the KIT gene in bali cattle is not diverse or monomorphic.
Keyword: bali cattle, hair color, KIT gene, SNP

Judul: Identification of SNPs in Exon 17 of the Receptor Tyrosine  Kinase (KIT) Gene in Bali Cattle
Abstrak: Menurut Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI), sapi bali jantan umumnya memiliki rambut berwarna merah atau hitam, sedangkan betina memiliki warna rambut merah. Setiap penyimpangan dari warna tersebut menunjukkan adanya kelainan pada warna rambut sapi bali. Gen KIT diketahui memengaruhi warna rambut sapi bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi apakah terdapat SNP pada gen KIT yang dapat menyebabkan warna rambut albino pada sapi bali menggunakan metode direct sequencing. Analisis PCR dilakukan pada suhu annealing 61 °C dan hasil produk PCR dikirim ke laboratorium 1st Base di Selangor, Malaysia untuk analisis sekuensing, data sekuensing dianalisis menggunakan MEGA10 2.6, FichTV, dan BioEdit 7.2. Hasil sekuensing pada gen KIT ekson 17 menunjukkan tidak ada SNP pada sapi bali normal dan albino. Kesimpulannya, gen KIT ekson 17 bersifat monomorfik sehingga tidak dapat dijadikan sebagai penanda yang membedakan warna rambut normal dan albino pada sapi bali., According to the Indonesia National Standard (SNI), male bali cattle typically have dark reddish or blackish hair, while females exhibit a reddish hair color. Any deviation from these colors indicates an abnormality in the bali cattle’s hair color. The KIT gene is known to influence the hair color of bali cattle. This research aims to identify whether there are SNPs in the KIT gene that can result in albino hair coloration in Bali cattle using direct sequencing methods. PCR analysis was conducted at an annealing temperature of 61 °C, and the PCR product outcomes were sent to the 1st Base laboratory in Selangor, Malaysia for sequencing analysis, the sequencing data were analyzed using the MEGA10 2.6, FinchTV, and BioEdit 7.2. The sequencing result of the KIT gene exon 17 shows no SNPs in normal and albino bali cattle. In conclusion, the study found that the KIT gene exon 17 is monomorphic and therefore cannot be used as a distinguishing marker for normal and albino hair coloration in bali cattle.
Keyword: albino, bali cattle, exon 17, KIT gene, SNPs

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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