Judul: Pengelompokan Wilayah-Wilayah Di Provinsi Lampung Berdasarkan kemiripan Curah Hujan Dengan Metode Hibrid
Abstrak: Curah hujan merupakan salah satu faktor iklim yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kehidupan makhluk hidup, khususnya di bidang pertanian terhadap ketersediaan air untuk tanaman. Tindakan yang paling tepat adalah menyesuaikan setiap kegiatan pertanian dengan kondisi iklim (curah hujan) pada wilayah yang bersangkutan.
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Judul: Pendugaan curah hujan berdasarkan data keawanan citra satelit lingkungan-cuaca
Abstrak: Presipitasi sebagai salah satu unsur iklim artinya dalam daur hidrologi. Salah satu bentuk penting presipitasi yaitu curah hujan sering diamati karena pengaruhnya yang besar terhadap segala aspek kehidupan. Di bidang pertanian khususnya, hujan merupakan sumber air utama. Pertanian dapat diadakan di daerah-daerah yang mendapat curah hujan tahunan > 400 m (kacang tanah), > 700 mm (kentang, ubi kayu, jagung), > 1500 mm (padi-padian, tanaman tahunan) (FAO, 1978 dalam Las, 1989). Jika kurang dari 300 mm maka pertanian hanya mungkin diadakan di bagian daerah yang dapat dibantu dengan irigasi atau air sungai (Sosrodarsono dan Takeda, 1987). Di Indonesia umumnya masih banyak terdapat pertanian yang tergantung pada curah hujan atau pertanian tadah hujan sehingga jumlah hujan dan penyebarannya berpengaruh terhadap hasil panen. Kejadian hujan merupakan akibat dari interaksi bermacam-macam proses dan keadaan di permukaan bumi serta atmosfer. Kandungan uap air udara, tersedianya inti kondensasi, ketinggian lapisan inversi, pemanasan bumi oleh matahari, stabilitas, atmosfer, serta angin merupakan keadaan yang menentukan terjadinya hujan. ...
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Judul: Synthesis of Chicken Eggshells-Based β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics and Their Biocompatibility Test as A Tooth Filler
Abstrak: Preservation of alveolar bone following tooth extraction is an important step in dental practices before dental implant placement. This study reported synthesis of β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics and its biocompatibility test as a tooth filler to maintain the desired alveolar ridge dimension and stimulate the bone healing processes in the area of tooth loss. β-TCP bioceramics was resulted directly from precipitation of calcinated chicken eggshells as calcium source and phosphoric acid. The corresponding β-TCP was mixed with chitosan 2% to get β-TCP pellet for biocompatibility testing. Biocompatibility testing of β-TCP on lower incisor was performed in rabbits and sheep as animal model. In this study, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles showed that 1000 oC calcinated chicken eggshells correspond to calcium oxide (CaO). There was also transformation phase of CaO into Ca(OH)2 observed after more than three months stored. The XRD profiles proved that obtained β-TCP bioceramics by precipitation has the same pattern with that of reference data base and commercial β-TCP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were completely consistent with the result of crystallization processes observed by XRD measurements. Moreover, the purity of the product shown by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) resulted in Ca/P ratio of 1.48 which was closed to that of standard β-TCP ceramics. The repeatable XRD peaks patterns and FTIR spectra obviously showed the sample reproducibility. Sheep’s alveolar socket that is filled with the corresponding β-TCP demonstrated the expected results. The x-ray radiograph of sheep’s jaw indicated no change on mesio-distal of the edentulous area. Moreover, the histological results were completely consistent with the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic result which is proved by the formation of new bone. In the contrary with sheep’s result, histological results showed no tooth growth on rabbit proved by the presence of lipid and collagen on the extraction site. This result did not correspond to the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic results that demonstrated the tooth growth and erupted tooth. It is clear that the corresponding β-TCP could minimize the bone loss and maintain the dimension of alveolar ridge.
Keyword: β-tricalcium phosphate, chicken eggshells, rabbit, sheep, tooth filler