Judul: Pengaruh Konsep Lanskap Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadinigrat terhadap Lanskap Kota Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Kota Yogyakarta merupakan kota yang menjadi pusat kebudayaan Jawa dengan adanya Keraton Yogyakarta dan bekas Kerajaan Mataram Islam. Sebagai sebuah kota dengan latar historis kerajaan yang kuat dan legilimasi keraton yang sampai saat ini masih cukup kuat, maka kehidupan keraton mempengaruhi pula kehidupan rakyat Kota Yogyakarta. Keraton dan kawasan kerajaan dibangun berdasarkan konsep-konsep filosofis yang menghasilkan wujud fisik penuh makna dan merupakan cikaI bakaI Kota Yogyakarta. Namun dalam perkembangannya, dengan adanya pengaruh pendatang dan globalisasi, malta banyak terjadi pergeseran nilai dan kebudayaan serta filosofi yang melingkupinya Hal. ini dikhawatirkan akan semakin mengaburkan identitas Kota Yogyakarta.
Keyword: 

Judul: Konsep tata ruang lansekap kolonial belanda : Studi kasus di kota lama Jakarta
Abstrak: Kota adalah lansekap buatan manusia yang terjadi akibat aktivitas manusia dalam mengelola lingkungan untuk keperluan hidupnya. Hasil interaksi manusia dengan masyarakat membentuk sosiobudaya yang khas dan berkaitan erat dengan lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. Tata ruang lansekap kota merupakan contoh hasil sosiobudaya suatu masyarakat dalam satu daerah. Kona kuno di Indonesia mempunyai pola perencanaan umum yang tertentu berdasarkan konsep yang berlaku masa itu. Ciri utama dari konsep tersebut adalah pola pusat kota dan penempatan bagian-bagian kota berdasarkan tingkatan (kasta) sesuai prinsip Hindu. Masyarakat Jayakarta merupakan bagian masyarakat besar yang feodal, walaupun dalam perkembangannya mengalami gradasi nilai dari Hindu ke Islam. Pengaruh tersebut terlihat jelas pada zonasi dan orientasi kota ke kompleks keraton, masjid dan alun-alun. Ciri khas kota kuno di Indonesia adalah bentuk jalan bersiku-siku yang keluar dari dalam kota, pada Jayakarta dipengaruhi oleh keadaan fisik tanah yang berlumpur. Pola yang tampak memberi kesan tidak beraturan. Hal ini disebabkan pula oleh pandangan masyarakat Jayakarta terhadap lingkungan hidupnya adalah berusaha menjaga keselarasan hidup dengan alam...
Keyword: 

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable