Judul: Head Capsule width of the Larvae, Pupae, Adult and Body Characters of Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) Larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Ulat grayak frugiperda atau Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) merupakan serangga invasif yang dapat menyerang banyak famili tanaman, salah satunya adalah famili gramineae seperti jagung, padi, gandum, sorgum, dan tebu. Larva S. frugiperda dapat menyebabkan kerusakan parah dan dapat mengakibatkan kematian tanaman. Larva ini memiliki variasi morfologi tubuh sehingga dapat menyulitkan identifikasi instar larva dalam kegiatan monitoring dan pengendalian hama ini di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengelompokkan ukuran lebar kapsul kepala larva, melakukan pengukuran panjang dan lebar pupa, serta rentang sayap imago. Penelitian ini juga mengamati variasi warna tubuh, warna dan corak kepala, warna garis huruf Y, warna garis dorsal dan warna garis lateral dari larva S. frugiperda yang diperoleh dari Kabupaten Bogor. Sampel larva yang diambil secara purposive sampling diperoleh dari 3 kecamatan di Kabupaten Bogor, yaitu Ciomas, Cikarawang, dan Cibeureum. Pengamatan terhadap morfologi dan pengukuran lebar kapsul kepala larva dilakukan menggunakan mikroskop stereo. Data lebar kapsul kepala larva dianalisis dengan boxplot. Untuk data warna tubuh, corak dan warna kepala, warna huruf Y, warna garis dorsal, serta warna garis lateral dianalisis secara deskriptif. Lebar kepala kapsul larva instar 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, dan 6 berturut-turut berkisar pada 0.32- 0.46 mm, 0.55-0.70 mm, 0.72-0.99 mm, 1.01-1.66 mm, 1.71-2.29 mm, dan 2.30- 3.25 mm. Warna tubuh, warna dan corak kepala, warna huruf Y, warna garis dorsal, dan warna garis lateral berturut-turut sebanyak 3 variasi, 6 variasi, 4 variasi, 6 variasi, dan 4 variasi. Panjang pupa, lebar pupa, panjang sayap depan, panjang sayap belakang, dan rentang sayap imago jantan tidak berbeda nyata dengan imago betina., The fall armyworm or Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is an invasive insect that can attack many plant families, one of which is the Gramineae family such as corn, rice, wheat, sorghum, and sugar cane. S. frugiperda larvae can cause severe damage and can result in plant death. These larvae have variations in body morphology so that it can be difficult to identify larval instars in monitoring and controlling these pests in the field. This study was aimed to classify the width of the larval head capsule, to measure the length and width of the pupa, and the wingspan of the adult. This study also observed variations in body colour, head colour and pattern, letter Y line colour, dorsal line colour and lateral line colour of S. frugiperda obtained from Bogor Regency. The sample of larvae taken by purposive sampling was obtained from 3 subdistricts namely from Ciomas, Cikarawang, and Cibeureum. Observations of the morphology and measurement of the larval head capsule width were carried out using a stereomicroscope. The data on the width of the larval head capsule was analyzed by a boxplot. Data for the body colour, head pattern and colour, letter Y colour, dorsal line colour, and lateral line colour were analyzed descriptively. The head width of instar larvae capsules 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 ranged from 0.32-0.46 mm, 0.55-0.70 mm, 0.72-0.99 mm, 1.01-1.66 mm, 1.71-2.29 mm, and 2.30-3.25 mm, respectively. The body colour, head colour and pattern, letter Y colour, dorsal line colour, and lateral line colour had
Keyword: fall armyworm, instar variations, maize, monitoring

Judul: Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Attacks and Its Parasitoids on Corn Cultivation in Situ Gede Village, West Bogor District, Bogor, West Java
Abstrak: Jagung merupakan tanaman pangan dan bahan baku industri yang penting di Indonesia. Produksi jagung sangat terpengaruh dengan adanya serangan hama invasif baru di Indonesia yaitu ulat grayak jagung (UGJ) atau fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Pemanfaatan musuh alami merupakan salah satu metode pengendalian yang dapat digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat serangan dan parasitoid S. frugiperda yang ditemukan pada pertanaman jagung di Kelurahan Situ Gede, Kecamatan Bogor Barat, Bogor, Jawa Barat. Pengamatan dilakukan sejak tanaman berumur dua minggu setelah tanam (MST) hingga 10 MST dengan interval dua minggu pada 100 tanaman sampel. Larva S. frugiperda dikumpulkan dari plot sampel lalu dipelihara dan diamati, kemudian parasitoid yang muncul dihitung tingkat parasitisasi dan diidentifikasi. Tingkat serangan UGJ meningkat sejak tanaman jagung berumur dua MST hingga delapan MST dan serangannya konstan hingga 10 MST. Intensitas serangan S. frugiperda tertinggi sebesar 64,40% yang termasuk kategori sangat berat. Parasitoid yang ditemukan yaitu Cotesia sp., Microplitis sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Charops sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), dan Phoridae (Diptera). Tingkat parasitisasi tertinggi oleh Microplitis sp. sebesar 6,72%., Corn is an important food crop and industrial raw material in Indonesia. Corn productivity is greatly affected by the attack of a new invasive pest in Indonesia, fall armyworm (FAW), Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Using natural enemies is one of the methods to control this pest. This study aimed to determine the plant damages caused by FAW and its natural enemies on corn cultivation at Situ Gede Village, West Bogor District, Bogor, West Java. Observations have been done from two weeks after planting (WAP) to ten WAP with two-week intervals. The plant damage of S. frugiperda was observed on 100 plant samples. The larvae of S. frugiperda were collected from other plant samples and reared in the laboratory until the parasitoids emerged. The parasitoids were then identified. The plant damages increased until the corn cultivation was eight WAP, and the plant damages were constant until harvest. The most severe plant damage of S. frugiperda reached 64.40% and was included in the very heavy category. The parasitoids found during the study were Cotesia sp., Microplitis sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Charops sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Phoridae (Diptera). The highest level of parasitization was Microplitis sp., with 6.72%.
Keyword: fall armyworm, natural enemies, plant damages

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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