Judul: Karakteristik Apikultur dan Meliponikultur di Provinsi Banten: Profil Peternak, Keragaman Spesies Lebah, dan Identifikasi Polen
Abstrak: Bee farming has been a part of Indonesian society, especially for people who live in rural areas and around forests. In Indonesia, apiculture and meliponiculture activities can be found in many areas, one of them is in the Banten Province. Bees produce honey derived from flower nectar which is very useful in both the pharmaceutical, food and beverage industries. Apart from producing honey, bees also play a role as plant pollinators. Pollination is carried out by bees with the help of hairs on the abdomen and legs, especially the hind tibia, so the pollen can be carried away and will be scattered indirectly when the bees move. The issue of pollinator decline which is influenced by many factors can affect the population of bees which results a decrease in pollination services provided by bees. This study aims to determine the profile of breeders, identify the diversity of bees and food source of bee based on pollen identification. Interviews were conducted with respondent breeders in Pandeglang and Lebak Districts, samples of bees were taken from the farmer's bee box. The bee samples were identified and then carried out the acetolysis process to determine the type of pollen carried by the bees. Based on the results of interviews, beekeeping activities in Pandeglang and Lebak districts are carried out by men whom most of in their productive age and the experience is still under 5 years. Based on the identification, the bees raised were Tetragonula laeviceps, Tetragonula sapiens, Heterotrigona itama, Geniotrigona thoracica, and Apis cerana. The results of pollen identification showed that there were 11 plant families that are the source of food for bees, namely Arecaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Verbenaceae, Anacardiaceae, Solanaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Lamiaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Flagellariaceae.
Keyword: honey bees, stingless bees, pollen, pollinator, pollination

Judul: The Species Diversity, Nesting Biology, and Preference of Foraged Plants Based on Pollen Load Analysis of Stingless  Bees (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Aceh Province
Abstrak: Sebagai bagian integral dari serangga berguna dalam penyerbukan, studi tentang keanekaragaman dan biologi persarangan lebah tanpa sengat sangat diperlukan. Informasi mengenai lebah tanpa sengat di Provinsi Aceh belum tersedia sampai saat ini. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keanekaragaman spesies dan biologi persarangan lebah tanpa sengat Indo-Malaya di Provinsi Aceh. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk mendokumentasikan tanaman pakan lebah dan muatan polen melalui analisis polen pada korbikula tubuh. Melalui survei eksploratif, data dikumpulkan dari dua lokasi observasi, yaitu Kabupaten Aceh Besar dan Bener Meriah di Provinsi Aceh antara bulan Juli dan Agustus 2023. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sepuluh spesies lebah tanpa sengat telah tercatat. Panjang tubuh lebah tanpa sengat berkisar antara 4,6 hingga 11,7 mm dan panjang sayap depan antara 3 hingga 8,8 mm. Lokasi bersarang lebah tanpa sengat ditemukan pada material alami dan material yang terkait dengan pemukiman. Pintu masuk sarang bervariasi dengan panjang 1,75-13,54 cm, diameter horizontal 0,65-7,57 cm, diameter vertikal 0,45-7,46 cm, bentuk rongga berupa lingkaran dan tidak beraturan dengan tekstur lembut dengan resin dan pori-pori. Warna pintu masuk dominan dim gray. Sarang ini terletak 1-300 m dari sumber air dengan ketinggian 0-600 cm di atas permukaan tanah. Variasi pada corong pintu masuk sarang terkait dengan biologi dan adaptabilitas koloni terhadap lingkungan. Selama periode penelitian di Provinsi Aceh teridentifikasi polen dari 163 jenis tumbuhan pakan. Selain itu, 4 polen teridentifikasi hingga tingkat famili, dan 10 polen tumbuhan tidak dapat teridentifikasi. Geniotrigona thoracica dan Tetragonula fuscobalteata dari seluruh lebah yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini memiliki kemampuan mengangkut polen terbanyak (37.650 butir polen) dan terendah (2.350 butir polen). Kemampuan mengangkut polen tertinggi hingga terendah yaitu Geniotrigona thoracica (37. 650 butir), Heterotrigona itama (28.050 butir), Tetragonilla collina (27.450 butir), Lepidotrigona terminata (23.800 butir), Tetragonula minangkabau (17.950 butir), Lepidotrigona ventralis (17.500 butir), Tetragonula laeviceps (10.150 butir), Sundatrigona moorei (4.150 butir), Tetragonula geissleri (3.100 butir), dan Tetragonula fuscobalteata (2.350 butir)., As an integral part of beneficial insects in pollination, studying the diversity and nesting biology of stingless bees is essential. Information on stingless bees in Aceh Province has not been available until now. This study aims to analyze the species diversity and nesting biology of Indo-Malayan stingless bees in Aceh Province. The study also aims to document preference of foraged plants in stingless bees. Through an exploratory survey, data were collected from two observation sites, Aceh Besar and Bener Meriah Regencies in Aceh Province, between July and August 2023. The results show that ten species of stingless bees have been recorded. The body length of stingless bees ranges from 4.6 to 11.7 mm and the forewing length ranges from 3 to 8.8 mm. Nesting locations were found in both natural materials and materials associated with human settlements. The entrance tube lengths varied from 1.75 to 13.54 cm, with horizontal diameters ranging from 0.65 to 7.57 cm and vertical diameters ranging from 0.45 to 7.46 cm. The entrance cavity shapes were either circular or irregular, with a soft texture featuring resin and pores. The entrance color was predominantly dim gray. The nests were located 1-300 meters from water sources and at heights of 0-600 cm above
Keyword: adaptabilitas lingkungan, distribusi geologi, ekoregion Indo-Malaya, muatan polen

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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