Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Baku di Kabupaten Tangerang.
Abstrak: Water is one of the basic necessities of human beings to make life and increase their welfare. Indonesia is located in the tropics and have raw water availability. Drought-prone was one problem in the raw water supply as a result of the uneven distribution of water in the region of Indonesia. Tangerang Regency is one of the areas of Indonesia's Banten Province has its challenges in the future to meet the needs of the raw water, due to the increasing population and decreasing ability of the environment both in quality and quantity in the raw water supply. This research aims to know the needs and availability of raw water in the near future. Water demand was analyzed by exponential approximation is a method, and water availability was analyzed based on linear equations obtained from linear regression using Microsoft Excel 2007. Water requirements were analyzed based on demand, such as the water needs for domestic, non-domestic, industrial, fisheries, livestock and irrigation. From the results obtained that level of water needs from 2010 to 2030 as a whole has increased, which for 2010 of 71,61 m3/sec, 2015 amounting to 72,86 m3/sec, by 2020 of 76,24 m3/sec, 2025 of 82,75 m3/sec, and 2030 of 95,35 m3/sec. While the total availability of water from 2010 to 2030 from water source river and groundwater degradation, which in 2010 of 143,17 m3/sec, 2015 amounting to 127,28 m3/sec, by 2020 of 114,02 m3/sec, 2025 of 100,75 m3/sec, and 2030 of 87,50 m3/sec. By 2030 water availability can’t meet water demand, with a water deficit -7,85 m3/sec.
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Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Untuk Industri Besar di Kota Tangerang,
Abstrak: Water is one of the main requirements for production process and other activities in the industry. Actually, industries required water supply with certain qualities as well as its quantity and continuity to support production process. Utilization of water resources must be done wisely, to keep environmental equilibre. This study was conducted in March-May 2014 in Tangerang City, Banten Province. This research identified the use of water in industry and analysis of industry supply and the demand of water in the city of Tangerang using regression methods. This research needed data of industrial water usage, amount of worker and production total. Water availability data were obtained from the "Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane". Based on Batu Beulah Station, the average discharge of Cisadane river was 68.47 m3/s, and groundwater potential was 3.21 m3/s. According to regulation 21% of surface water and 20% of groundwater can be used for industrial activities, so total availability of water in Tangerang City was 481,308,739 m3/year. It meaned that water availability in Tangerang could support 487 big industries. Result analysis showed that based on industrial growth rate Tangerang City will have 487 industries in 2073.
Keyword: groundwater, surface water, water supply, water demand, big industry

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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