Judul: Composting of organic rice straw towards “Zero Waste Production Management”
Abstrak: Budidaya padi sawah merupakan kegiatan yang lazim dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, terutama daerah pedesaan. Konsep yang diterapkan petani saat ini adalah dengan memberikan kebutuhan unsur hara tanaman menggunakan pupuk kimia sintetik menurut dosis yang telah ditentukan. Pemberian pupuk kimia sintetik secara tidak langsung telah menyebabkan degradasi lahan pertanian dan dalam proses produksi pupuk tersebut juga dikeluarkan emisi gas langsung ke udara. Budidaya padi selain menghasilkan beras, juga menghasilkan limbah berupa jerami, sekam, dan gas metana serta non metana. Jerami merupakan limbah potensial yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan budidaya padi dengan potensi 12-15 ton/ha jerami segar. Pada umumnya Jerami dibakar oleh petani untuk mereduksi volume limbah dan kegiatan ini menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang akan meningkatkan pemanasan global sebagai gas rumah kaca dan menimbulkan limbah baru berupa abu (ash) sisa dari pembakaran.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Jerami Padi sebagai Pupuk Organik untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi (Oryza sativa)
Abstrak: The leveling off of rice production in Indonesia is mainly caused by degradation of wetlands, which could be characterized by low organic matter content. The factors that cause this issue such as the utilization inorganic fertilizer only, the habit of farmers by carrying out rice straw off from wetland or burning of rice straw. The objectives of this research were (1) to test the ability of decomposers in speeded up the decomposition process of rice straw,( 2) examined the effect of organic fertilizer on the growth and yield of rice. The experiment used completely randomized block design. The treatment was tested of decomposers namely control/no decomposers (D0), decomposers collection of Prof Iswandi Anas, and commercial decomposers. The treatments in field experiment namely NPK 100%, NPK 50%, NPK 50% + PO1, and NPK 50% + PO2 + PB. PO1 and PO2 was an organic fertilizer that each decomposed by D1 and D2, while PB was a bioorganic fertilizer. Application of decomposers in this experiment did not speed up the decomposition of rice straw, because the rice straw had been decomposed. It was indicated by the low C/N. There was a possibility of the presence of decomposers microbes in control because of the straw was saved for 10 days in humid conditions. Application of 50% NPK with organik fertilizer to 100% NPK was not significantly meant application of NPK fertilizer on field research was sufficient at 50% dose, so that the role of organic fertilizer could not be evaluated. However, there was a tendency of enhancing growth and yield of rice in addition of decomposed organic fertilizer by decomposers.
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Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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