Judul: Pengukuran akurasi tematik citra alos pada pemetaan terumbu karang dan padang lamun di Perairan Pulau Pari dan Pulau Bokor
Abstrak: Perhitungan akurasi penting untuk dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa baik kualitas peta yang dihasilkan, mengetahui tingkat dan sumber kesalahan sebuah teknik klasifikasi sehingga perbaikan dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas peta dan membandingkan beberapa teknik. Selain itu nilai akurasi juga memberi informasi bagi pengguna tentang seberapa jauh peta yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan sehingga tidak salah dalam mengambil keputusan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan nilai akurasi tematik citra Advance Land Observing Satellite (ALOS) untuk pemetaan terumbu karang dan padang lamun di Pulau Pari dan Pulau Bokor dengan pengelasan berdasarkan penelitian Kobayashi dan Ogawa (2008) dan klasifikasi tidak terbimbing (unsupervised). Pengelasan berdasarkan Kobayashi dan Ogawa (2008) dibatasi hanya pada kelas terumbu karang. Klasifikasi tidak terbimbing dilakukan dengan mengkelaskan nilai digital hasil transformasi dengan nilai standar deviasi 2 dan pengulangan hitungan sebanyak 500 kali. Berikutnya dilakukan survei lapang untuk perhitungan nilai akurasi dengan teknik nonprobability sampling jenis quota sampling. Jumlah titik sampling sebanyak 77 titik di perairan Pulau Pari dan 55 titik di Pulau Bokor. Perhitungan nilai akurasi selanjutnya dilakukan dengan matriks kontingensi. Komponen perhitungan mencakup nilai overall accuracy (OA), user accuracy (UA), producer accuracy (PA), koefisien kappa (κ) dan koefisien tau. Hasil perhitungan akurasi di perairan Pulau Pari menunjukkan nilai OA sebesar 79,22% untuk pengelasan berdasarkan Kobayashi dan Ogawa (2008) dan 66,24% untuk klasifikasi tidak terbimbing, sedangkan di perairan Pulau Bokor menunjukkan OA pengelasan berdasarkan Kobayashi dan Ogawa (2008) sebesar 51,85% dan klasifikasi tidak terbimbing sebesar 53,70%. Kualitas peta pengelasan berdasarkan Kobayashi dan Ogawa (2008) di perairan Pulau Pari memiliki kategori buruk (κ = 0,34) dan kategori sedang untuk klasifikasi tidak terbimbing (κ = 0,46). Sementara di perairan Pulau Bokor menunjukkan pengelasan berdasarkan Kobayashi dan Ogawa (2008) (κ = 0,08) dan klasifikasi tidak terbimbing (κ = 0,11) berkategori buruk. Perbandingan dua metode melalui uji Z terhadap nilai koefisien tau menunjukkan bahwa klasifikasi tidak terbimbing lebih baik dibanding pengelasan berdasarkan Kobayashi dan Ogawa (2008) pada pemetaan karang dan padang lamun di Pulau Pari (Z =1,72). Sementara uji Z koefisien tau di perairan Pulau Bokor menunjukkan kedua metode yang berbeda tidak memiliki perbedaan yang nyata (Z = 0,20). Ketidaktepatan pemetaan bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa hal yaitu gangguan kolom air dan atmosfer yang belum sepenuhnya dapat dihilangkan, ketidakhomogenan kualitas air yang menyebabkan sifat optik objek yang sama terekam berbeda dan batas ekologi (daerah sebuah habitat) bukan sebuah garis, melainkan degradasi yang bisa memunculkan kesalahan.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Advanced land observing satellite

Judul: Evaluasi Akurasi Klasifikasi Penutupan Lahan Menggunakan Citra Alos Palsar Resolusi Rendah Studi Kasus Di Pulau Kalimantan
Abstrak: A wide variety of data and information on forest cover in Indonesia may be due to the variety of source of data, date of acquisition, and methods applied. For a wide area, terrestrial inventory methods are usually costly and time consuming. One alternative that may be used to minimize the cost and time is satellite based remote sensing technology. In the tropical country such Indonesia, cloud, fog, and smoke mainly limit the use of optical remote sensing during identification process and object monitoring on earth surface. Objects under the cloud, fog, and smoke could be identified using using Radar images. ALOS is remote sensing satellite which launched by Japan in 2006. One of its censor is PALSAR (Phased-Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar). PALSAR is an advanced development from SAR which carried by the former satellite JERS-1. This is the microactive wave censor which can observe day and night without weather influence. Through one observation mode that is Scan SAR, this censor can observe earth surface in wide area than the conventional SAR. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of low resolution ALOS PALSAR image to classify regional scale land cover in Kalimantan Island. ALOS PALSAR image have 200 x 200 m resolution acquired in 2007. Other supporting data used are Land Cover Map year 2003, Administration Border Map, Forest Area Map, and the Base Thematic Forestry Map. The data were analyzed using GIS 3.2 and Erdas Imagine 9.1. The method are consisted of image preprocessing, image processing, separability accuracy evaluation and spatial analysis The study shows that low resolution ALOS PALSAR image could classify land cover into six classes. There are water body, rice field, shrub/bush, estate crop, and forest. Separability analysis for these classes show that there are 2 unseparable class pairs. These classes were then reclassified into four classes. The new classes are water body, sparse vegetation, medium density vegetation, and high density vegetation. The result of separability analysis shows that the these class separabilities are good (well separated). The accuracy of the classification are 88,21% for Overall Accuracy and 85,26% for Kappa Accuracy. Based on ALOS low resolution images (200 m x 200 m spatial resolution, the acreages of each land cover are 11.459.400 hectares (21,33%) for sparse vegetation, 5.070.008 hectares (9,44%) for medium density vegetation, and 36.806.058 hectares (68,52%) for high density vegetation. While the acreages of each land cover based on Land Cover Map year 2003 are 802.233 hectares (1,51%) for sparse vegetation, 20.841.843 hectares (39,32%) for medium density vegetation, 27.583.553 hectares (52,04%) for high density vegetation and 2.457.825 hectares (4,64%) for smoke. Key words : ALOS PALSAR Image, Land cover, Separability, Radar images
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Judul: Inducible and constitutive synthesis of penicillinase by staphylococcus aureus
Abstrak: When tested quantitatively for the production of penicillinase, eighteen of one hundred and twenty-two naturally occurring penicillin-resistant staphylococci were classified as constitutive or microconstitutive. Fourteen of the constitutive strains were not typable, the other four were lysed by group III phage. The inducible and constitutive strains of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to concentrations of mercuric chloride that inhibited strains sensitive to penicillin. Transfer of the penicillinase determinant by transduction from a microconstitutive strain to a sensitive strain resulted in recombinants that produced inducible penicillinase.
Keyword: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcal penicillinase, Bacteriophage