Judul: Analisis kinerja kelembagaan kemitraan dalam upaya peningkatan mutu kopi : studi kasus di desa Ngarip kecamatan Ulu Belu Provinsi Lampung
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis mekanisme koordinasi PT. Nestle dengan petani dalam meningkatkan mutu dan mengidentifikasi biaya transaksi yang muncul dari kelembagaan kemitraan antara PT. Nestle dengan petani vis-a-vis dengan lembaga pemasaran kopi.
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Judul: Analisis kinerja kelembagaan kemitraan dalam upaya peningkatan mutu kopi
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis mekanisme koordinasi antara PT. Nestle dengan petani dalam meningkatan mutu dan mengidentifikasi biaya transaksi yang muncul dari kelembagaan kemitraan antara PT. Nestle dengan petani vis-a-vis dengan lembaga pemasaran kopi, (2) menganalisis apakah terjadi keterpaduan antara pasar di tingkat petani, pasar eksportir Bandar Lampwig dan pasar kopi dunia, clan (3) menganalisis apakab tingkat pendapatan petani KUB lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan petani kopi non- KUB Hasil analisis menwijukkan bahwa kemitraan berbentuk koordinasi vertikal dimana mekanisme pembinaan tidak dilakukan dengan sistem kontrak melainkan melalui suatu paket program pembinaan yng berkesinambungan. Biaya transaksi dari kemitraan lebih rendah bila dibandingkan dengan biaya transaksi dari kelembagaan tataniaga kopi tradisional. KeterpadUBn pasar dalam jangka panjang terjadi antara pasar dunia dengan pasar di tingkat eksportir Bandar Lampung dan antara pasar di tingkat eksportir Bandar Lampung dengan pasar di tingkat petani kopi. Sedangkan .keterpaduan dalam jang.ka pendek hanya terjadi antara pasar dunia dengan pasar di tingkat petani. Incremental B/C Ratio menunjukkan secara nyata, pembinaan yang dilakukan oleh PT. Nestle telah meningkatan pendapatan pe1ani. Menyangkut tingginya ketergantungan KUB terhadap PT. Nestle, disarankan kepada pemerintah daerah dapat memprioritaskan pembangunan infrastruktur dan ketersediaan modal bagi petani di desa Ngarip. Kedua hat tersebut akan sangat menunjang kelancaran transaksi sehingga petani dapat lebih mudah mengakses pasar kopi yang lebih luas dan tidak hanya menggantungkan penjualannya hanya pada PT. Nestle.
Keyword: Mutu, Pembinaan, petani, PT. Nestle.

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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