Judul: Pemurnian dan Karakterisasi Protein Inhibitor RNA Helikase Virus Hepatitis C dari Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095
Abstrak: Virus hepatitis C merupakan virus berenvelop yang termasuk ke dalam genus hepacivirus, famili flaviviridae. Infeksi HCV menyebabkan penyakit hepatitis C kronis dan sirosis hati yang dapat berkembang menjadi kanker hati (hepatocellular carcinoma, HCC). Berdasarkan data WHO, hepatitis C telah diderita oleh sekitar 3% populasi dunia (180 juta jiwa) dan 2-4% penduduk Indonesia (7-8 juta jiwa). Saat ini belum tersedia vaksin dan obat yang efektif untuk menanggulangi HCV. Pengembangan vaksin masih sulit dilakukan karena tingginya heterogenisitas dari genom RNA HCV dan partikel yang berasosiasi dengan lipoprotein inang dan imunoglobulin. Terapi yang tersedia adalah kombinasi interferon-α terpegilasi dengan ribavirin. Respon terhadap terapi ini masih belum optimal karena sangat bergantung pada genotipe HCV. Selain itu, terapi ini memberikan efek samping dan mahal.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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Judul: Desain Taman Sekolah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Gema Imani Bogor
Abstrak: Early childhood education is the lowest level education for children of 0-6 years. In this phase, education influence child development. Therefore, educational facilities must support child development. Outdoor facilities are facilities that can made children to learn about nature. Outdoor facilities include a garden designed according to national and international standards to fulfill early childhood education curriculum. Garden design is divided into two main area, front garden and rear garden. Rear garden focused on children's games that use equipment such as swings, slides, balance beam, arch climbers, rope climbing, etc. The lawn in front garden accommodate free activity such as running, walking, jumping, etc
Keyword: Children growth, Curicculum, Design early-childhood school yard