Judul: Dimensi Sosial dan Ekologi Masyarakat Terhadap Potensi Transmisi Penyakit pada Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Javan rhinoceros is a one horned rhino that can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park. Java rhino population is 47 individuals right now made this animal was categorizing as critically endangered. In the last three years, the mortality of javan rhino in UKNP reached 3 individuals. The deceased of javan rhinoceros need serious intention because of the mystery of causa mortem. Almost all carcasses still have horn and minor sign of poaching indicate that these carcasses are diseased. It was believed that might be it’s because of the regular herding of domestic ungulates in the rhinos habitat. This open sharing of habitat between rhinos and buffalo has the potential to disseminate infectious disease agents from domestic animals to Javan rhinoceroses The main aims of this study were to understand the potential of disease transmission happening in the park to propose possible solution to the problem. This study has two objectives that include the following: (1) to analysis the mechanism of disease transmission between buffalo and sympatric javan rhino through ectoparasites vector inventory in the Ujung Kulon National Park; (2) to analysis social and economic value of buffalo in the village surrounding national park. This study showed that, there were four mechanisms of disease transmission could be happen between buffalo and javan rhinos in the park. The role of buffalo as main source of economic income has been change at this moment. The analysis of social and economic value with discriminant analysis showed that education and ages (experience) have influence to change the villager vision to saw the role of social and economic and herd’s management of buffalo in the village. The conflicts of natural resources in conservation area should be solving with integrated management between national park and the villages surrounding it. Education could be good factor to change herd behavior from free to close ranging management. Finally, to resolve natural resources conflict need to change paradigm thought problem out of the box, law approach occasionally ineffective without social and ecology approach.
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Judul: Sebaran spasial dan model kesesuaian habitat badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) is the most critically endangered species (IUCN 2008). Currently, javan rhino distribution is limited to Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Indonesia. Natural disasters, disease, poaching, encroachment and competition are threats to javan rhino population, hence it is necessary to establish pockets of habitats outside the UKNP which should be based on a study of the spatial distribution and habitat selection by the javan rhino in UKNP as actual habitat. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop a habitat suitability models based on the utilization distribution by javan rhino in UKNP. The specific objectives are: 1) to determine the utilization distribution and habitat selection index by javan rhino in UKNP, 2) to identify dominant habitat components that determine the presence of javan rhinoceros in UKNP, and 3) to build a habitat suitability model for javan rhino. The study was carried out in Management Section II area of UKNP, Pandeglang District, Banten Province. The results showed that javan rhinos were mostly occupied areas comprised of swampy shrub (w = 2.197) and shrub (w = 2.012), relatively open habitat (w = 4.233), flat slope (w = 1.313) and sloping areas (w = 1.007), lowland (w = 1.346), close to river (w = 1.087), close to road network (w = 1.395), close to coastal beaches (w = 1.862), close to wallowing areas (w = 3.709) and close to rumpang (open area) (w = 3.783). These indicated that javan rhino selected and had preferences for its habitat. The other results found that there were eight components identified to be the crucial for javan rhino habitat and appropriate for spatial modeling of habitat suitability, i.e. distance from the road, distance from the wallow, distance from the river, distance from the beach, distance from the rumpang (open area), slope, elevation and leaf area index. Dominant factor influencing the frequency of the javan rhino are slope, distance from the rumpang, distance from the wallow and distance from the beach (P<0,005; R2 81,4%). Spatial model of habitat suitability result 11% patches of low suitability, 23,7% patches of moderate suitability and 65,2% patches of high suitability. The validity of the model was 88,6%.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4