Judul: Teknik Ekstraksi Terbaik untuk Isolasi Kaempferol dan Kuersetin dari Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava)
Abstrak: Guava leaves contain various compounds that have biological activity such as kaempferol and quercetin as anticancer. Twelve extraction techniques were performed to obtain the best extraction technique to isolate kaempferol and quercetin from the guava leaves. Toxicity of extracts was tested against Artemia salina larvae. All extracts were toxic (LC50 value less than 1000 ppm) except extract of direct soxhletation on guava leaves, and extract of sonication and soxhletation using n-hexane. The extract with high content of total phenols and total flavonoids, low content of tannins, intense color of spot on thin layer chromatogram was selected for high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Direct sonication of guava leaves was chosen as the best extraction technique with kampferol and quercetin content of 0.02% and 2.15%, respectively. In addition to high content of kaempferol and quercetin, direct sonication was chosen due to the shortest extraction time, lesser impurities and high toxicity.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), quercetin, kaempferol, high performance liquid chromatography, guava leaves

Judul: The best extraction technique for kaempferol isolation from the soursop leaves (Annona muricata)
Abstrak: Daun sirsak mengandung beragam senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas hayati, salah satunya kaemferol sebagai antikanker. Dalam upaya mengisolasi kaemferol, dilakukan 12 macam ekstraksi guna mencari teknik ekstraksi terbaik untuk isolasi kaemferol dari daun sirsak. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan diuji toksisitasnya terhadap larva Artemia salina. Semua ekstrak bersifat toksik, karena memiliki nilai LC50 kurang dari 1000 ppm. Ekstrak dengan kandungan total fenolik dan total flavonoid yang tinggi, kandungan tanin yang rendah, dan warna spot kromatografi lapis tipis kaempferol yang pekat dipilih untuk analisis kromatorafi cair kinerja tinggi guna mengetahui kadar kaemferolnya. Ekstrak sonikasi daun sirsak residu n-heksana dipilih sebagai teknik ekstraksi terbaik untuk isolasi kaemferol dari daun sirsak dengan kandungan kaemferol dan kuersetin masing-masing 1.22% dan 0.50%. Selain kandungan kaemferol dan kuersetin yang tinggi dibandingkan dengan teknik ekstraksi yang lain, teknik ekstraksi sonikasi daun sirsak residu nheksana dipilih karena waktu ekstraksinya yang singkat dan jumlah senyawa pengotornya yang lebih sedikit., Soursop leaves contain various compounds that have biological activity such as kaempferol as anticancer. Twelve extraction techniques were performed to obtain the best extraction technique for kaempferol isolation from the soursop leaves. Toxicity of extracts was tested against Artemia salina larvae. All extracts were toxic because they showed LC50 value less than 1000 ppm. The extract with high content of total phenols and total flavonoids, low content of tannin, and intense color of spot on thin layer chromatograph was selected for high performance liquid chromatography analysis. Sonication extraction of n-hexane residues was chosen as the best extraction technique for kaempferol isolation from the soursop leaves with kampferol and quercetin content of 1.22% and 0.50%, respectively. In addition to high content of kaempferol and quercetin, sonication was chosen due to the shortest extraction time and the least impuriteies. Key words: kaempferol, extraction, soursop leaves, HPLC.
Keyword: kaemferol, ekstraksi, daun sirsak, KCKT

Judul: Rantai Markov Pada Bilangan Biner
Abstrak: Ranlai Markov {Xn} yang didefinisikan pada ruang peluang (n, P, P) dilllana n = (O,I],dan 'Fadalah cr-lapangan Borel, lllelllpunyai ekspansi biner X n = 0, dl(n) din).. n = I, 2, ... Mengkonstruksi rantai Markov ini diawali dengan memilih sembarang bilangan ..Y o di (0,1], nyatakan bilangan Xo dalam ekspansi biner Xo =0, diD) diD) ... d~O) ... dimana { d~O) ,n = 1,2, ... } adalah barisan nol dan satu. Peubah acak XI ditentukan oleh .Xo dan asumsi berikut.
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