Judul: Estimasi Kerugian Banjir Sungai Pesanggrahan Terhadap Bisnis di Pasar Cipulir Jakarta Selatan.
Abstrak: An Assessment to estimate the economic losses from flooding of the commercial business sector is needed to determine the benefits of flood mitigation which is expected to reduce the economic losses in that sectore. The general objective of this study was to estimate the economic losses due to flooding. The specific objective of this research were to to know the perception of flood risk businesses, to estimate the direct economic loss of perceived business, and to identify adaptation strategies which conducted by business and market managers. This study applied a stage damage function which is the independent in a model of total economic loss were the sum of the loss of structural damage, loss of building contents damage, losses due to lost earnings, and labor expenses for repairs. Data analysis techniques was used a correlation analysis with spearman correlation, multiple linear regression analysis, and descriptive analysis. An Assessment to estimate the economic losses from flooding of the commercial business sector is needed to determine the benefits of flood mitigation which is expected to reduce the economic losses in that sectore. The general objective of this study was to estimate the economic losses due to flooding . Houses on business in PD Pasar Jaya Cipulir. The specific objective of this research were to to know the perception of flood risk businesses, to estimate the direct economic loss of perceived Results showed that perceptions of business people towards flood mitigation efforts were very low, business people really hope for response of a flood control efforts from the the government Estimation result from the the allegation of total direct economic losses at Cipulir market in the period 17-19 January 2013 reached up to Rp 3 290 779 793 318. Pesanggrahan river normalization program which is being implemented by the city government is expected to reduce the economic losses in the flood Cipulir market. Flood loss reduction scenario, if normalization can reduce the duration of flooding in the ground floor up to one day the total loss, total loss of the ground floor would be reduced by 16%. While, if normalization can reduce the height of the flood up to 50%, the total expected loss is reduced 6% from the total initial loss. The adaptation strategies that have made by business people were conducted with raising the ground floor stalls and making dike.
Keyword: stage function damage., river floods, perception, economic loss

Judul: Estimasi Kerugian Usaha Mikro dan Kecil Akibat Banjir Sungai Pesanggrahan (Studi Kasus Kelurahan Kedoya Selatan dan Rawa Buaya Jakarta Barat)
Abstrak: Flood is a routine thing that happens in Jakarta and it is still difficult to overcome by government. Government has conducted various programs to reduce losses due to flooding, such as Pesanggrahan river normalization. Flooding that occured on 17-19 January 2013 caused much damage to the various groups, both of them were micro scale business and small scale business. This research is expected to be useful for policy recomendation basic in flood mitigation program. The specific purpose of this research were to identify businessman’s perceptions about flood risk, to estimate direct damages and losses valueof businesses unit due to flooding, to predicted the lower losses due to flooding after Pesangrahan normalization program, and to analyze the flood vulnerability in businesses unit. Sampling method used is multistage random sampling and analyzes methode used is Spearman correlation, stage damage function and stage damage curve. Results showed the businessmans generally realize that their business location prone to flooding, however not all have the high desire to do something to mitigate flood risk. Respondent tend to expectfrom government program. Estimation results of total structural damages assessment is Rp 258 908 010 and total losses value is Rp 545 848 100. If normalization program goes well and with the assumption can reduce the average height of flood inundation until 72.72% of previous, then total losses value will decrease to 42%. If it can reduce the average flood duration until 96.84% of previous, then total losses value will decrease to 61%. Results of flood vunerability analysis showed that small scale bussiness units are more vulnerable to flooding, and bussines units located in Rawa Buaya are more vulnerable to flooding if related to the flood duration, whereas bussines units located in Kedoya Selatan are more vulnerable to flooding if related to inudation.
Keyword: stage damage function, flood vulnerablity anlysis, estimation flood losses

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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