Judul: Jumlah Escherichia coli dalam Kulit Ayam Pedaging Asal Tempat Pemotongan dan Tempat Penjualan di Wilayah Bogor
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menghitung jumlah Escherichia coli dalam kulit ayam pedaging di tempat pemotongan dan tempat penjualan di wilayah Bogor. Jumlah kulit ayam yang dijadikan sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 48. Jumlah Escherichia coli dihitung menggunakan metode Most Probable Number (MPN). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah Escherichia coli dalam kulit ayam pedaging di tempat potong ayam adalah 749.0±16.4 MPN/g, rumah potong ayam 928.0±198.7 MPN/g, pasar swalayan 643.0±170.3 MPN/g, pasar tradisional 940.0±204.3 MPN/g. Rata-rata jumlah Escherichia coli berdasarkan bagian kulit ayam di dada atas adalah 873.3±163.9 MPN/g, dada bawah adalah 770.0±255.2 MPN/g, punggung atas adalah 677.8±115.5 MPN/g, punggung bawah adalah 938.9±188.2 MPN/g. Jumlah Escherichia coli tertinggi berasal dari pasar tradisional dan bagian kulit area punggung bawah. Jumlah Escherichia coli di atas ambang batas cemaran maksimum yang telah ditetapkan.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, jumlah MPN, kulit ayam pedaging

Judul: Identifikasi cemaran escherichia coli pada daging ayam yang dijual di pasar tradisional dan pasar modern daerah Bogor Barat
Abstrak: The aim of this research was acknowledge about contaminated chicken meat from Eschericia coli which sold in traditional market and modern market. About two traditional markets and two modern markets where the samples were takenly for thirteen times, frequently once for a week. The research used Gram colouring test and biochemical test (IMViC test). Result of Gram colouring test shown that all the samples from both of traditional markets and both of modern markets was Gram negative bacterian, from IMViC test, all samples from both of traditional markets and both of modern markets were negative from Indol test and Red Metil test and positive from Voges Proskauer test and Sitrat test. Otherwise, from the result of Gram colouring test and IMViC test, bacteria which was found in thirteen samples from both of traditional and modern markets was not Eschericia coli.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, chicken meat, traditional markets, modern markets.

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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