Judul: Pendugaan Potensi Simpanan Karbon Dari Tegakan Pinus (Pinus merkusii) Tidak Terbakar Dan Pasca Terbakar di KPH Malang, Perum Perhutani Unit II Jawa Timur
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. The forest fires can emmited amount of carbon so that the carbon sink in forest can be decreased. On the other hand, the forest fire can also caused the emmited of carbon that cause an increasing of carbon concentration in the air to cause the global warming as an impact from green-house gases that can harmful for the life existances in this earth. Because of that, the forest must be preserved and managed wisely and also need research of carbon sink potential in forest stand to know the carbon total. MATERIALS AND METHOD. This research was conducted in KPH Malang, Perum Perhtani Unit II East Java from April to Mei 2009. The equipment that are needed; scales, oven, chopping knife, samson paper, plastic bag, digital camera, plastic rope, Minitab 15 program, tally sheet and writing tools. The materials that are required are an unburnt area (on square 82 d) and a post fire area on square 83 i) in KPH Malang, Perum Perhutani Unit II East Java. On unburnt and post fire are made square of 20 m x 20 m, and also small squares of 2 m x 2 m in four amount which is put in every corner to be taken low plant vegetations and manure. The result is processed through biomass estimation which then is converted into carbon storage in ton/ha. To find the effecting factor towards carbon storage, analyzes using ANOVA and Least Significant Difference (LSD) is used. RESULT AND DISCUSSION. The total potential of carbon storage on post fire Pinus stand (on square 82 D) that has planting distance 6 m x 2 m is 358,7263 ton/ha. The total potential of carbon storage on unburnt square (on square 83 I) that has planting distance 3 m x 2 m is 297,1426 ton/ha. It is caused by the forest fire that changed carbon sink potential, so that carbon sink potential on post fire Pinus stand is bigger than on unburnt Pinus stand. The result of statistic analyzes using ANOVA shows that the value of R-sq = 95,2850% for post fire Pinus stand and 99,2559 % for unburnt Pinus stand. Both on post fire Pinus stand and on unburnt Pinus stand, there is the Pinus stand that gives significant difference between manure and below plant in significant level 5 %. CONCLUSION. The total potential of carbon storage on post fire Pinus stand is 358,7263 ton/ha. The total potential of carbon storage on unburnt Pinus stand is 297,1426 ton/ha. The forest stand in Indonesia, especially in KPH Malang have to preserve, especially from the forest disturbance such as forest fire because of the role of forest as carbon sink for the better life process in this earth.
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Judul: Pendugaan simpanan karbon yang terikat di areal hutan bekas kebakaran PT. Ratah Timber, Kalimantan Timur
Abstrak: Forest is one of natural resources that can be renewable and essential for human life. Forest fire is one of the disorders that occur in the forest. Forest fires cause reduced carbon stored in forests. This study aims to estimate the carbon bound stored in forestland after forest fires in PT. Ratah Timber, East Kalimantan. In this research, carbon bound storage prediction using destructive methods. Data were collected with a plot size 20 m x 50 m in the area of former forest fire as many as 30 pieces. Data was collected base on type of tree, diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height and wet weight. The samples taken are examples of trees with a diameter of 5-9 cm by 30 samples. Dry weight samples were obtained from measurements in the laboratory. Biomass estimators model used is the model by using variable diameter and total height that is B = 0,113501 D1, 22 T1,12. Carbon storage is obtained from half the value of biomass. The results showed that the bound total carbon stored in forestland after forest fires in PT. Ratah Timber, East Kalimantan used for 19,629 tons/ha and a whole area of 168,817 x 103 ton. Trees can provide carbon savings of 34,20 % of total carbon stored while the poles could contribute carbon savings of 33,66% of total carbon savings. Sapling also contribute enough carbon savings that is equal to 18,10% of the total carbon savings. Litters and under plants are also able to absorb carbon in forests. Litters is able to provide carbon deposits 13,05% of total carbon stored while under plant carbon deposits contribute 0,99% of total carbon savings. Saplings and poles contribute significant of saving carbon on the forest.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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