Judul: Socio-Economic and Environmental Factors Affecting Selling System and Its Influence on the Income of Shallot Farmers
Abstrak: Pada kegiatan penjualan, petani dihadapkan pada dua alternatif keputusan sistem jual yaitu tebasan dan non tebasan. Kedua alternatif memiliki dampak positif dan negatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis faktor sosial ekonomi dan lingkungan yang memengaruhi keputusan sistem jual dan menganalisis pengaruh sistem jual terhadap pendapatan petani bawang merah di Jawa Tengah. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Sensus Pertanian 2013: Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Hortikultura Tahun 2014. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif, regresi logistik, analisis pendapatan, serta uji propensity score pada usahatani bawang merah dengan dua sistem jual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan sistem jual secara signifikan yaitu variabel sewa lahan, serangan OPT, konsumsi, sumber benih, kelompok tani, dan koperasi. Rata-rata penerimaan, biaya, dan pendapatan sistem tebasan lebih besar dibandingkan sistem non tebasan. Setelah pencocokan pendapatan dan penerimaan berbeda signifikan, sedangkan struktur biaya tidak berbeda signifikan di kedua sistem jual. Pada kegiatan tebasan petani menerapkan konsep lindung nilai dengan perdagangan berjangka, In selling activities of shallot, farmers are faced with two alternative selling system decisions, namely tebasan and non-tebasan. Both alternatives have positive and negative impacts. The purpose of this study is to analyze socio-economic and environmental factors that influence the decision of the selling system and analyze the effect of the selling system on shallot farming income in Central Java. The data used is secondary data from the 2013 Agricultural Census: Horticultural Crop Household Survey 2014. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis, logistic regression, income analysis, and propensity score test on shallot farming with two selling systems. The results of the study showed that factors that significantly influence selling system decisions are land rent, pest attack, consumption, seed sources, farmer groups, and cooperatives. The average revenue, cost, and income of tebasan systems is greater than that of non-tebasan systems. After matching, income and revenue differ significantly, while the cost structure is not significantly different between the two selling systems. In the tebasan system, farmers apply the concept of hedging with futures trading.
Keyword: shallots, hedging, income, socio-economic factors, tebasan

Judul: Farming Income Analysis Shallots in the province of East Java
Abstrak: Bawang merah merupakan komoditas hortikultura dengan laju konsumsi tertinggi di Indonesia. Terdapat beberapa daerah yang menghasilkan produksi yang tinggi salah satunya adalah Jawa Timur yang menduduki posisi tertinggi kedua setelah Jawa Tengah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pendapatan dan struktur biaya usahatani bawang merah di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang bersumber dari Sensus Pertanian 2013: Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Hortikultura Tahun 2014 yang dilakukan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Jumlah sampel petani bawang merah sebanyak 1.571 petani. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis struktur biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, dan R/C rasio usahatani bawang merah pada musim kemarau dan musim penghujan. Proporsi biaya produksi terbesar adalah biaya benih yakni mencapai 38,95 persen saat musim kemarau dan 39,60 persen saat musim penghujan. Pendapatan petani bawang merah, baik atas biaya tunai maupun atas biaya total, pada musim kemarau dan musim hujan bernilai positif. Pendapatan atas biaya tunai usahatani bawang merah di Jawa Timur pada musim kemarau (Rp47.467.450 per hektare) lebih besar dibandingkan pada musim penghujan (Rp29.817.750 per hektare). Begitu juga dengan return to total capital saat musim kemarau lebih besar (82,62%) dibandingkan saat musim penghujan (61,40%). Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usahatani bawang merah mampu memberikan imbalan bagi petani. Hasil analisis R/C rasio menunjukkan bahwa usahatani saat musim kemarau lebih efisien dibandingkan musim penghujan., Shallots is horticultural commodities with the highest consumption rate in Indonesia. There are several areas that produce high production, one of which is East Java which occupies the second highest position after Central Java. The purpose of this study was to analyze the revenue and cost structure of shallot farming in the province of East Java. The data is secondary data from Sensus Pertanian 2013: Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Hortikultura Tahun 2014 has been done by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). There are 1.571 farmers who are the sample in this study. The analytical method consists of cost structure analysis, revenues, income, and the R/C ratio of shallot farming in two seasons (dry season and rainy season). The largest cost in shallot farming is the cost of seeds, reaching 38,95 percent in the dry season and 39,60 percent during the rainy season. The income of shallot farmers (both cash and total costs) in the both seasons is positive. The cash income of shallot farming in East Java in the dry season (Rp47.467.450/hectare) is greater than in the rainy season (Rp29.817.750/hectare). Likewise, the return to total capital in the dry season is greater (82,62%) than in the rainy season (61,40%). This means that shallot farming is able to provide rewards for farmers. The last point, R/C ratio shows that shallot farming in the dry season is more efficient than the rainy season.
Keyword: Cost Structure, Income, R/C Ratio, Shallot Farming

Judul: Characterization of CoCrMo alloy with titanium nitride and hydroxyapatite-chitosan coating
Abstrak: Endoprosthetic is moving tool for implant in the body, made of metals or polymers. Stainless steel, Co-based alloys, and Ti materials are widely used for implant materials. Co alloy used is CoCrMo which has excellent properties such as good biocompatibility, corrosion resistant, good mechanical properties such as hardness, strength, and high wear resistance, supporting its utilization as an implant material. CoCrMo alloy was synthesized using tri arc furnace with heating temperature of 3000 °C. TiN coating using plasma sputtering and nitriding method, characterized by a layer of gold. The content of Ti in the layer was 3.85% (w/w), whereas the content N was difficult to determine. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) was synthesized using wet method with Ca source of chicken eggshell and P source of H3PO4 80%. HAp-chitosan composite coating aimed at improving the biocompatibility and corrosion resistance of CoCrMo. In vitro test showed that CoCrMo with TiN and HAp-chitosan coating had excellent corrosion resistance in liquid medium infusion, whereas samples HAp and CoCrMo with TiN coatings and HAp-chitosan had high level of toxicity in endothelial cell culture tests.
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