Judul: Dinamika Kebun Campuran : Studi Kasus Praktek Pemanfaatan Lahan Kering Secara Berkelanjutan di Desa Karacak Kecamatan Leuwiliang Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: This research aims to explain why mixed garden still be managed by local community in Karacak. The study presents a qualitative analysis, applied to better understanding the dynamics of mixed garden that related to life of local community and strategy applied by the community in adaptation to environmental changes. This case study shows that mixed garden have been changed on physical changes and management changes. These changes are influenced by population, technology, market pressure, and policy. Mixed garden is not only a livelihood source but also a real life of local community. The mixed garden means that an sustainable land use on dry land which is occured through selection and adaptation process within interaction of human and their environment.
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Judul: Pengelolaan dan Nilai Harapan Hasil Kebun Campuran (Studi Kasus di Desa Barengkok dan Desa Karacak, Kecamatan Leuwiliang , Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: Tingkat pertumbuhan penduduk yang tinggi mendorong peningkatan kebutuhan manusia baik berupa pangan) sandang maupun papan. Pemanfaatan sumberdaya yang tersedia secara maksimal merupakan upaya untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia yang terns meningkat. Pemanfaatan hut3n dan lahan pertanian merupakan pola pernanfaatan sumberdaya yang telah lama dilakukan. Semakin berkurangnya lahan pertanian yang tersedia akibat pengalihgunaan fungsi lahan mendorong kegiatan konversi terhadap lahan hutan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan lahan pertanian yang diperlukan. Di sisi lain, pemanfaaatan hutan selama ini telah menimbulkan berbagai masalah seperti deforestasi, kemiskinan, kesenjangan sosial, ekonomi, dan politik (Suharjito, D., dkk, 2000).
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum