Judul: Gender and Migration Pattern of Minangnese People (Case study of Return Migrants from Kasang Village, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency).
Abstrak: Merantau atau migrasi merupakan fenomena umum yang sudah menjadi suatu kebiasaan bagi masyarakat Minangkabau. Pada tahapan migrasi terdapat tahap pra/awal migrasi, saat migrasi dan kembali, serta tahapan pasca migrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara perbedaan gender dengan tahapan-tahapan migrasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif berupa metode survei dan didukung oleh metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Data kuantitatif diolah dengan Uji Chi Square. Penentuan jumlah responden pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 40 orang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahapan awal migrasi, perbedaan gender berhubungan dengan jenis pekerjaan dan proses pengambilan keputusan migrasi. Pada tahapan migrasi dan kembali, perbedaan gender berhubungan dengan daerah rantau yang dituju. Sementara itu, pada tahap pasca migrasi perbedaan gender memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat pendapatan migran pasca migrasi, namun tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat taraf hidup dan dampak non ekonomi pasca migrasi responden migran kembali asal Nagari Kasang., Merantau or migrate is a common phenomenon that has become a habit for the Minangkabau society. At the migration stages, there are pre/early migration stages, during migration and return, and post-migration stages. This study aims to identify the relationship between gender differences and the stages of migration.. The method used in this study is a quantitative method in the form of a survey method and is supported by qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and literature studies. Quantitative data was analyzed by Chi Square Test. The results showed that in the pre-stages of migration, gender differences were related to the type of work and the migration decision-making process. At the post-migration stage, gender differences were related to the income level of post-migration migrants, but were not related to the level of living standards and non-economic impacts of post-migration of respondents returned Migrants from Kasang Village.
Keyword: gender, migrant, pattern of migration

Judul: Migrasi internasional perempuan, penguasaan lahan dan kesetaraan gender: kajian di komunitas Desa Sawah Jawa Barat
Abstrak: International migration of female labors from villages of West Java to Middle Eastern countries, especially to Saudi Arabia, is caused by a combination of lack of job opportunity, lack of land ownership, poverty, the opening of opportunity to work abroad with relatively simple requirement, and much higher wages than it is in Indonesia. The objective of the research is to analyze the linkage between international migration of female labors, land ownership and gender equality in West Java. Paradigm used in this research is Post-Positivism which combines quantitative and qualitative methods. The research is conducted in two villages in two regencies. Data is obtained through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion with exmigrants, migrants on leave, and newly ex-migrants, and also with key informants, such as sponsors/middlemen of labor service company (PJTKI), village elites, and traditional, religious, educational and women leaders. Number of respondents is 134 people.The results suggestthatinternationalmigrationof womenfrom both villages is a form ofsurvivalandcopingstrategies of poor rural households who are landless farmers.West Javan rural women, by working as domestic workers abroad, are able to save their family‟s economy, and therefore, have a “strong” position in their communities.There are twotypes ofmigrant familiesin utilizingremittance: (1) those who use itforvariousproductiveandlong-term needs, such as purchasingof land(dry land and paddy rice field), businesscapital, and for continuingeducationof family members, and (2) Families who spendthe money forconsumptive purposes, such as buyingvarioushousehold goods and clothes and for family recreation. Expenses other than the needs forproduction and consumption are expenditures for charities for social, religious and national causes.These charities have become a sort of recognition to the rise of thesocialstatusof migrantwomenin theircommunities.Rationalreasons for buying land are: (1)provisionof daily meals; (2) preparationtobuilda house; (3) businesscapital; (4) saving for the future; (5) for not tobecomefarm labors; (6) as reservefor the event of ngamumule-mulasara; and (7)the cost of educationof family members.The implicationsofruralland occupationbymigrantwomenare: a more equalgenderrelations, the beginning of emancipation citizenshipand a formation processtowards theestablishment ofthe existence ofwoman. The existenceof woman changesgenderrelations to become moreequalat rural family, household andcommunity levels. This is partlyvisiblein form ofdivision of laborbetweenman andwomanin familiesandhouseholds that is nolonger rigidly basedongender.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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