Judul: Pengaruh Nikotin pada Gambaran Mikroskopis Pankreas Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) yang Diberi Pakan Berenergi Tinggi
Abstrak: Nicotine, in a low dosage, is expected to be used for health problems therapy such as obesity, hypertension, diabetes, heart disease, and other metabolic syndrome diseases. The aim of this study was to evaluate the microscopic changes of the pancreas in long tailed macaque which fed a high-energy diet with an oral intervention of nicotine. Twelve monkeys were devided into two groups based on nicotine and non nicotine treatment. Group with nicotine consisted of ten monkeys were further divided into two groups based on the type of diet. Each group consisted of five monkeys. The main content of diet A was tallow and diet B was commercial feed (monkey chow). Liquid nicotine intervention with a dosage of 0.75 mg/kg body weight were given every twelve hours for three months on both groups. While the non nicotine treatment was a negative control consisted of two monkeys were given diet B. All monkeys were under went to be euthanized by initially anesthetizing using ketamine HCl 10 mg/kg, intramuscularly. Microscopic samples were prepared based on the three pancreatic areas, caput, corpus, and cauda. They were stained with haematoxylin-eosin (HE) for standard staining, and Congo red to evaluated amyloid accumulation on the pancreatic islet. Data were analyzed descriptively and the microscopic findings showed that there were hydropic and lipid degeneration in all treatment and control groups as well as mild inflammation in one of the animals and no evidence of amyloid accumulation. As the conclution that nicotine oral administration on monkeys which fed high energy diets gave no difference in pancreatic microscopic finding amongs the groups
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Judul: Peran nikotin dosis rendah terhadap profil glukosa darah dan insulin serta perubahan jaringan pankreas dan hati monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) obes
Abstrak: Study of low dose nicotine intervention and its effect on blood and cellular level of obese cynomolgus monkeys has never been reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of low dose nicotine on the profile of blood glucose, insulin level and cellular level alteration of pancreatic and hepatic tissue of obese cynomolgus monkey. Fourteen adult (aged 6–8 years) males cynomolgus monkeys grouped based on their Body Mass Index (BMI) into preobese (BMI=23.65–25.00) and obese (BMI ≥ 26.00) were used. Animals were grouped into four groups subsequently preobese with nicotine (pOb+), obese with nicotine (Ob+), preobese without nicotine (pOb-) and obese without nicotine (Ob-). Nicotine groups were fed with high fat diet mixed with nicotine dose 0.75 mg/kg body weight/day for three months and other groups without nicotine were fed monkey chow as control. Blood samples were collected every month for glucose analysis and insulin analysis at the end of study before necropsy was performed. Pancreatic and hepatic tissues were processed histologically and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical method. The results showed that blood glucose significantly decreased (P<0.05) on the nicotine group, 28.37% (preobes) and 33.72% (obes) based on treatment duration compared to control group. Based on color intensity of granules cytoplasm of insulin producing cells or immunoreactive β-cells showed that non nicotine group were more reactive than those with nicotine group. As a conclusion, there was positive effect of low dose nicotine in maintaining the blood glucose level in normal range by stimulation of islet cells proliferation to maintain the production of insulin in the pancreatic islet. Nicotine low dose also affect to the hepatic parenchymal tissue that showed moderate level of hydrophic and fat degeneration, and necrosis. However, there were found hepatic cell regeneration.
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Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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