Judul: Analysis of Production Efficiency of Sweet Potato Farming in Cihideung Ilir Village, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency.
Abstrak: Kecamatan Ciampea memiliki produksi yang lebih rendah dari ketiga kecamatan lainnya di Kabupaten Bogor pada tahun 2022. Desa Cihideung Ilir merupakan desa penghasil ubi jalar terbanyak di Kecamatan Ciampea yang produksinya semakin menurun. Oleh karena itu, tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis usahatani ubi jalar di Desa Cihideung Ilir, Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor dalam hal: (1) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi dan biaya produksi (2) tingkat efisiensi teknis, alokatif dan ekonomi dan (3) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi inefisiensi teknis dan ekonomi. Analisis fungsi produksi dan biaya produksi menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Cobb-Douglass metode Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE). Analisis efisiensi teknis, alokatif, dan ekonomi menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Analisis inefisiensi teknis dan ekonomi menggunakan model efek inefisiensi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi ubi jalar adalah luas lahan dan pupuk urea. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap biaya produksi adalah biaya sewa lahan, upah tenaga kerja dan produksi ubi jalar. Rata-rata efisiensi teknis, alokatif, dan ekonomi bernilai 0,91, 0,69 dan 0,63 artinya usahatani ubi jalar sudah efisien secara teknis namun belum efisien secara alokatif dan ekonomi. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan dalam menurunkan inefisiensi teknis adalah pendidikan formal dan status kepemilikan lahan, sedangkan terhadap inefisiensi ekonomi adalah pendidikan formal dan pola tanam., Ciampea sub-district has a lower production than the other three sub-districts in Bogor district in 2022. Cihideung Ilir Village is the largest sweet potato producing village in Ciampea Sub-district whose production is declining. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze sweet potato farming in Cihideung Ilir Village, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency in terms of: (1) factors affecting production and production costs (2) the level of technical, allocative and economic efficiency and (3) factors affecting technical and economic inefficiency. Analysis of production function and production cost using Stochastic Frontier Cobb-Douglass Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. Analyze technical, allocative, and economic efficiency using Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Analysis of technical and economic inefficiency using the inefficiency effect model. The results show that the factors that have a positive and significant effect on sweet potato production are land area and urea fertilizer. Factors that have a significant effect on production costs are land rent, labor costs and sweet potato production. The average technical, allocative and economic efficiency is 0,91, 0,69 and 0,63, meaning that sweet potato farming is technically efficient but not allocatively and economically efficient. The factors that have a significant effect in reducing technical inefficiency are formal education and land ownership status, while economic inefficiency are formal education and cropping patterns.
Keyword: technical efficiency, Maximum Likelihood Estimation, stochastic frontier analysis, allocative efficiency, economic efficiency

Judul: Economic Efficiency Analysis of Sweet Potato Farming in Cikarawang Village, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Desa Cikarawang merupakan salah satu daerah sentra produksi ubi jalar di Kecamatan Dramaga. Produktivitas ubi jalar di Desa Cikarawang cenderung menurun tiap tahunnya. Produksi dan produktivitas ubi jalar yang menurun diduga disebabkan oleh alokasi input produksi yang tidak optimal. Produksi ubi jalar yang rendah akan berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan yang diterima oleh petani. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis pendapatan usahatani ubi jalar, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas ubi jalar, dan menganalisis efisiensi penggunaan input produksi yang optimal. Metode analisis data yang digunakan yaitu analisis pendapatan usahatani, analisis regresi linear berganda, dan metode Nilai Produk Marginal. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usahatani menguntungkan karena pendapatan bernilai positif dan R/C ratio lebih besar dari satu. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara positif dan signifikan terhadap produktivitas ubi jalar adalah pupuk kandang dan pestisida cair. Faktor produksi yang belum efisien pada usahatani ubi jalar yaitu pupuk kandang dan pestisida cair sehingga perlu untuk ditambah. Kata kunci: analisis pendapatan, efisiensi ekonomi, NPM, produktivitas, R/C ratio, Cikarawang Village in Dramaga District is one of the main sweet potato production areas. The productivity of sweet potatoes in Desa Cikarawang tends to decrease each year. The decreasing production and productivity of sweet potatoes are suspected to be caused by suboptimal allocation of production inputs. The low production of sweet potatoes will affect the income received by farmers. This research was conducted to analyze the income from sweet potato farming, analyze the factors affecting sweet potato productivity, and analyze the efficiency of optimal production input usage. The data analysis methods used were farm income analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and the Marginal Product Value method. The results of this study indicate that farming is profitable because the income is positive and the R/C ratio is greater than one. Factors that positively and significantly affect sweet potato productivity are manure and liquid pesticides. The production inputs that are not yet efficient in sweet potato farming are manure and liquid pesticides, which therefore need to be increased.
Keyword: produktivitas, R/C ratio, analisis pendapatan, efisiensi ekonomi, NPM

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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