Judul: Biodiesel production from palm oil in a bubble column reactor by non-catalytic process
Abstrak: Biodiesel has been defined as the monoalkyl esters of long-chain fatty acids derived from renewable feedstocks, such as vegetable oils and animal fats, for use in compression-ignition (diesel) engines. Biodiesel, consisting of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) can be produced by transesterification of triglycerides (TG) and/or esterification of free fatty acids (FFA) in vegetable oils with short-chain alcohol, mainly methanol (MeOH). Alkaline-catalyzed transeseterification of TG in vegetable oils, with the addition of an acid-catalyzed reaction to esterify FFA are the technologies presently in use for industrial-scale biodiesel production. However, the desire to reduce or remove catalyst cost, waste output and to obtain the simpler process has stimulated the investigation of alternate methods of biodiesel synthesis.
Keyword: superheated methanol, methyl esterification of FFA, transesterification of TG, mass flow rate

Judul: Analisis Konfigurasi Lubang Obstacle Terhadap Laju Reaksi Pembentukan Biodiesel pada Bubble Column Reactor
Abstrak: One of the non catalytic biodiesel production method is the Superheated Methanol Vapor in the Bubble column reactor. However, the weakness of this method is the low of rate of biodiesel production. The rate of biodiesel production was influent by the surface area between the methanol vapor bubble and oil, while the surface area was affected by the distribution of bubble size which produced from the obstacle hole. The objective of the study was to determine the best configuration of obstacle hole in order to increase the rate of biodiesel production in the Bubble Column Reactor from three design of obstacles tested until obtained the highest result of non catalytic biodiesel production. The design of obstacles were TO(123), TO(100), and TO(68), perforate plate which are connected by steel axis, where the three scenarios given name TO(X) means Triple Obstacle and symbol (X) is total hole in obstacle. These scenarios design were analyzed by the simulation processed using iv Computational Fluid Dynamics method. The best design from the simulation result was TO(100). The result obtained based on the highest surface area as a result of CFD simulation which was 0.0205 m2 and proven within the experiment result obtained the highest rate of biodiesel production which was 0.0114 gram/minute.
Keyword: Superheated methanol vapor., Obstacle, Computational fluid dynamics, Bubble column reactor, Biodiesel

Judul: Infeksi cacing Ascarid pasa anjing dan kucing, serta hubungannya sebagai zoonosis
Abstrak: Ada tiga cacing Ascarid yang didapatkan pada anjing dan kucing, yaitu Toxocara canis pada anjing, Toxocara cati pada kucing dan Toxascaris leonina pada anjing dan kucing. Ketiganya mempunyai habitat di usus kecil (Soulsby, 1982). Manusia dapat bertindak sebagai induk semang paratenik dari kelompok ini, melalui anjing dan kucing yang menderita sebagai sumber infeksi, terutama anak- anak anjing dan anak-anak kucing (Brown, 1975). Dari kelompok Ascarid ini penyebab utama penyakit pada manusia adalah Toxocara canis (Soulsby, 1982). Penyakit pada manusia yang disebabkan oleh kelompok ini dikenal sebagai penyakit 'Visceral Larva Migrans' (Brown, 1975), Toxocariasis (Beaver, 1966). Penularan pada anjing dan kucing, dapat melalui telur infektif (langsung), induk semang paratenik seperti tikus, kecos, cacing Lanah dan lain-lain (tidak langsung), intrauterin, trans-mammary dan secara fecaloral. Pada manusia, penularan terjadi melalui telur infektif yang tertelan. Gejala klinis yang tampak pada anjing dan kucing yang terinfeksi oleh kelompok ini, adalah anjing kurus, pertumbuhan terhambat, gelisah, batuk, respirasi meningkat, keluar cairan dari hidung, muntah yang kadang kadang bercampur dengan cacing, icterus, diare, sakit pada abdomen, perut buncit dan kadang-kadang timbul gejala konvulsi (Kelly, 1977). Pada manusia tanda klinis yang umum terlihat, yaitu batuk, dispnoe disertai demam dan gejala umum lainnya. Kadang-kadang endopthalmitis, retinitis perifer, papilitis, dan konvulsi. Pemeriksaan darah terlihat eosinofilia, leukositosis, hiperglobulinemia dan pemerik saan yang lain memperlihatkan hepatomegali…dst
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