Judul: Mempelajari pembuatan produk ekstrusi "Fish Snack" dari campuran ikan dan beras
Abstrak: Salah satu usaha pemanfaatan hasil perikanan agar ber- nilai ekonomi tinggi adalah dengan melakukan usaha diversi- fikasi horisontal, yaitu usaha untuk mewujudkan penanganan komoditi ikan menjadi bermacam-macam bentuk produk olahan ikan. Penelitian dengan judul Mempelajari Pembuatan Produk Ekstrusi "Fish Snack" dari Campuran Ikan dan Beras, merupa- kan salah satu usaha untuk merealisasikan maksud diversifi- horisontal. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mempelajari pembuatan produk ekstrusi "fish snack" dari campuran ikan dan beras yang diharapkan menjadi makanan yang berprotein tinggi, sebagai alternatif pemenuhan gizi masyarakat; (2) mengetahui kesukaan dan penerimaan konsumen terhadap "Fish snack"; (3) melihat mutu, kandungan gizi dan daya awet dari "fish snack". Perlakuan yang diberikan dalam pembuatan produk eks- trusi "fish snack" adalah jenis ikan yang digunakan dan la- ma penyimpanan. Jenis ikan yang digunakan adalah ikan mas (A1) dan ikan bandeng (A2). Sedangkan untuk perlakuan lama penyimpanan yaitu minggu ke-O (M), minggu ke-1 (M₁), ming- gu ke-2 (M2) dan minggu ke-3 (M3). ...
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Judul: Mempelajari pembuatan makanan ekstrusi dari ikan teri (Stolephorus sp) dan sereallia
Abstrak: Produk makanan olahan yang disukai konsumen, menarik, bernilai gizi tinggi dan jenis produk baru untuk suatu area pasar yang baru semakin diperlukan saat ini. Produk ekstrusi bentuk makanan ringan (snack food) merupakan hasil teknologi ekstrusi. Keunggulan teknologi ekstrusi ialah menghasilkan produk berbentuk baru, proses operasi kontinyu, efisien pengoperasiannya, waktu olah singkat, sedikit atau tanpa limbah pengolahan dan produk dapat langsung dimakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mengetahui nilai gizi produk ekstrusi yang dihasilkan berdasarkan lima komposisi adonan dari bahan ikan teri (Stolephorus sp), beras (Oryza sativa) dan kacang hijau (Phaseolus radiatus); (2) mengetahui kesukaan dan penerimaan konsumen terhadap produk ekstrusi ikan teri, beras dan kacang hijau; (3) menentukan komposisi adonan terbaik dari lima komposisi adonan untuk mendapatkan produk ekstrusi yang disukai konsumen dan bernilai gizi tinggi. ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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