Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Pertambangan mineral merupakan sektor penting yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan bagi pendapatan nasional dan daerah sebagaimana juga untuk peningkatan kemakmuran masyarakat. Sebagian besar proses pengolahan bijih pada pertambangan mineral dilakukan dengan proses pengapungan yang menghasilkan konsentrat dan tailing (pasir sisa tambang). Pasir sisa tambang merupakan batuan alami yang halus yang tetap tersisa setelah pengambilan mineral (3-4%) yang mengandung tembaga, emas, perak dan mineral lainnya. Pasir sisa tambang tersebut terdiri atas 50 persen fraksi pasir halus dengan diameter 0,075 - 0,4 mm dan 50 persen berupa fraksi lempung dengan diameter kurang dari 0,075 mm. Pasir sisa tambang yang dialirkan melalui sungai harus dikelola secara tepat untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Perubahan lingkungan di sekitar pertambangan dapat terjadi setiap saat, sehingga manajemen pengelolaan limbah yang efektif menjadi indikator keberlanjutan usaha pertambangan mineral.
Keyword: tailing management, sustainable development, soft system methodology, clean development mechanism, environmental impact analysis

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: North Sulawesi is the region in Sulawesi island that is very rich with the natural resource, especially in the gold minning. The gold minning in North Sulawesi has been done since the colonize age until today with the modem management or the traditional management. The impact of the community gold minning management are very danger for the environment. The objectives of this research are knowing the community gold minning system, the impact of the traditional gold rninning system to the environment and the social economic of the community. We hope that the result of this research will give the development system in based on the local natural resource pattern, the strategic of community gold minning system for the sustainable development to empowering the community from their natural resources. This research finds that the community gokJ minning give big impact to Mercury pollution in the indicator of tailing (55,161 ppm), soil (2,188 ppm), grass (1,468 ppm), water (0,070 ppm), sediment (2,599 ppm), fish (0,850 ppm}and shell (2,104 ppm) and these levels are higher than the standard level. In the social economic of the community the community gold rninning system give a good impact for empowering the community economic. for the income increase 8,9 times. This research ends with suggestion that the community gold minning system must use the ck>se system in the production process and the integrated region for the localization of the production house.
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Judul: The Leukocyte Profile of Pregnant Friesian Holstein Cows vaccinated with Escherichia coli K99 polivalen vaccine.
Abstrak: The objective of this experiment was to study the leukocyte profile of pregnant cows vaccinated with E.coli K99 polivalen vaccine. Three pregnant Friesian Holsteins cows were used in this experiment. Before the administration of vaccine, the cows were given a series of immunomodulator injection for three days. The vaccinations were administered three times at 8, 6, and 4 weeks before calving. Blood were drawn through jugular vein, first before the administration of vaccines, then weekly until calving. Based on the observation, it can be concluded that the administration of E.coli K99 polivalen vaccine in pregnant cows not affected the leukocyte profile. Keywords : Escherichia coli vaccine, leukocyte profile, differential leukocyte
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