Judul: Pengembangan Model Pendeteksian Ban Ganda (Dual Tire) Pada Kendaraan Truk Bergandar Dua Menggunakan Pengekstraksi Ciri 2D-PCA dan SVM Sebagai Pengklasifikasi
Abstrak: Two axles truck is devided into two types i.e truck that uses single tire and dual tires at its back wheels. The use of dual tires at a truck will influnce its classification, so that it is needed a system to detect the use of dual tires. In this study, we develop a model to detect the occurance of dual tires at a two axels truck by using two steps 2D-PCA technique as the feature extraction and SVM as the classifier. In the feature extraction steps by using 2D-PCA, we use the values of precentage 95 %, 90%, and 85 %. While SVM use linear kernel, quadratic, cubic and RBF (sigma = 1, 5, 8, 10, 20, 30). By using the scenario, we obtain 81 models. We performed two phases of testing. The first testing phase measures the accuracy of the detection process without sliding windows. The second testing phase use sliding windows to detect the occurance of dual tires in an image. For the first phase testing, we use a database that consists of 552 dual tires images and 1284 non dual tire images with 150 x 150 pixels, and for the second phase testing, we used 30 images with 640 x 480 pixels. Based on the first phase testing, we obtained 10 best models to be used for second phase testing. The two stage 2DPCA method successfully reduced the data from 22500 dimensions of image vector to 36. The two phases testing conducted showed that the best kernels for detecting dual tires using SVM is the quadratic and the RBF kernel with the best accuracy of 93.3%.
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Judul: Integrasi Metode Circle Hough Transform, 2DPCA dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan untuk Model Pengenalan Roda Kendaraan
Abstrak: Detection and recognition vehicles are important things in the transportation systems such as analysis traffic control and fees policy. In order to recognize the vehicle, it needs some features to recognize them such as shape, police number and wheel. This research using side view of vehicle image to recognize the vehicle from its wheels. The purpose of research is to build recognition model of wheel using Circle Hough Transform (CHT), 2DPCA and Artificial Neural Network. The CHT used to detect the circle of wheel in the image, 2DPCA for feature exctraction and Artificial Neural Network to recognize the wheels. The result of the research is the accuracy level of success and the error for wheel recognition. The error consist of two parts including the miss and the false alarm rate. In this research, the highest accuracy of success is 94,4% with 100 neuron in the hidden layer. Its also being tested data with noise and fake circle.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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