Judul: New Initiative to Build a Breeding Business of Bali Cattle Based on Community in Field Station of Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SL-SPR)
Abstrak: The government has launched a meat self-sufficiency program to meet meat needs since 2005. The main target was to increase the population of cattle in smallholder farmers. The problem is that there are no records and data on smallholder farmers so that it is difficult to increase the population of cattle. The purpose of this study was to (1) produce baseline data on the productive and reproductive performance of Bali cattle and their supporting factors which are used as the basis for starting recording at SL-SPR Maju Bersama (2) to analyze the carrying capacity with feed production and the carrying capacity index of forage land (3) to analyze the projection of Bali cattle population in the next 10 years so that it can be used as basic data to start a breeding business. The research was conducted at SL-SPR Maju Bersama, Sungai Lilin District, Musi Banyuasin Regency in October-December 2019. The material used in this study was the all population of bali cattle, totaling 330 head of the dam belonging to 219 farmers in SL-SPR Maju Bersama, Sungai Lilin District. This study was used survey methods and direct observation of the research object. The parameters analyzed were the potential of bali cattle, reproductive performance, the potential of feed resources and carrying capacity as well as the projection of the bali cattle population for the next 10 years based on 3 simulations, constant, improvement through the SPR program, and intervention of SPR with the government. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis by presenting the test results in tabular form as well as the non-parametric Kruskal Wallis test to analyze the influence of factors that affect the reproductive performance of the dam. The projection of bali cattle population was calculated by the Microsoft Excel program. The results showed that the population of bali cattle in SL-SPR Maju Bersama was 1 277 heads. The dam as much as 72.7% came from non-groups, while the others were born and came from in the SPR group; 87.9% owned by themselves, while the others were profit sharing; 70% maintained intensively while the others maintained by semi-intensively and extensively; 58% mated by AI, while the others by natural; 24.5% were in the age range of 3-4 years and 43.0% had a BCS value of 3. The reproductive performance was obtained, age first calving 1 098 ± 12 days; calving interval 455.4 ± 8.33 days; days open 169.4 ± 8.33 and service per conception 5.37 ± 0.42. The origin and age of the dam had a significant effect on calving interval, days open and service per conception (P <0.05). Ownership status had a significant effect (P <0.05) on the age first calving. The total production of feed obtained from forages and agricultural crop residues as much as 15 646.92 tonnes of DM per year with a capacity of 6 259 AU and a capacity to increase the population of ruminants by 5 063 AU. The projection of the bali cattle population for the next 10 years with constant projections, projections with the SPR program and projections of SPR intervention with
Keyword: Bali cattle, Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat, reproductive performance

Judul: Evaluation of Production and Reproduction Performance of Bali Cattle at Field Station of School For Smallholder Community in Sungai Lilin
Abstrak: Usaha pembiakan (cow calf operation) sangat penting untuk keberlanjutan usaha peternakan sapi potong, karena ketersediaan bakalan untuk penggemukan dan indukan merupakan input utama pada proses produksi sapi potong. Di Indonesia usaha pembiakan sapi potong umumnya dikelola oleh peternakan rakyat dengan skala kecil dengan motif hanya sebagai usaha sampingan dan minim input teknologi. Salah satu upaya untuk memberdayakan peternakan rakyat dalam pengembangan sapi potong dapat dilakukan dengan usaha kolektif melalui Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR). SPR bertujuan meningkatkan Sumber Daya Manusia (SDM) dalam mengelola usaha peternakan dari berbagai aspek, baik aspek teknis, maupun non teknis. SPR ini telah diadopsi dan dikembangkan di beberapa daerah peternakan Indonesia salah satunya di SL-SPR Sungai Lilin. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja produksi dan reproduksi sapi bali dan mengevaluasi pengaruh faktor-faktor non genetik terhadap performa reproduksi sapi bali yang berada di SL-SPR Sungai Lilin. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasi melalui pengukuran, pengamatan langsung, dan wawancara dengan responden yang dibantu dengan borang. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa sapi bali yang dipelihara secara semi intensif pada peternakan rakyat yang tergabung dalam SL-SPR Sungai Lilin. Pengumpulan data performa produksi melibatkan 12 ekor sapi bali yang dikelompokkan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu; indukan, pejantan dan pedet. Pengumpulan data performa reproduksi sapi induk menggunakan 150 ekor indukan dan 372 ekor pedet. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis deskriptif varians mixed model menggunakan software SAS 9.2. Performa produksi pada sapi bali untuk pertambahan bobot badan harian induk sebesar 0,50±0,14 kg.hari-1 . Pertambahan bobot badan harian pejantan 0,39±0,14 kg.hari-1 dan pertambahan bobot badan harian pedet 0,71±0,58 kg.hari1 . untuk jumlah konsumsi pakan induk sebanyak 25,58±3,07 kg.hari-1 . Jumlah konsumsi pakan pejantan sebanyak 17,43±4,50 kg.hari-1 dan jumlah konsumsi pakan pedet sebanyak 8,80±4,05 kg.hari-1 . Sedangkan untuk feses pada induk didapatkan sebanyak 13,01±0,93 kg.hari-1 . Feses pada pejantan sebanyak 13,10±0,80 kg.hari-1 dan feses pada pedet sebanyak 7,07±0,97 kg.hari-1 . Performa reproduksi induk sapi bali untuk age first calving (AFC) 971.09±246,47 hari. Rata-rata nilai calving interval (CI) 381,90±72,33 hari, sedangkan rata-rata nilai days open (DO) 111,90±72,33 hari. Namun nilai AFC, CI dan DO, tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan (P>0.05) berdasarkan perbedaan musim, sex, tahun lahir, dan interaksi antara tahun lahir, musim dan paritas. Performa reproduksi indukan sapi Bali di SL-SPR Sungai Lilin termasuk ke dalam kategori ideal.
Keyword: bali cattle, production, reproduction, SL-SPR

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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