Judul: Pembuatan Tepung Tapioka dengan Pengering Semprot dan Pengering Kabinet serta Aplikasinya pada Produk Pilus di PT Garudafood Putra Putri Jaya
Abstrak: Tapioca produced by means of modern method is not suitable for making of pilus. Pilus which is produced by using the so called “modern tapioca” will have a hard texture and not fluffy. Traditional tapioca flour is made with a long time to get a distinctive taste. However, traditional process of tapioca production could not be applied in large production scale. Therefore, experiments were conducted to produce tapioca starch of industrial scale by means of spray drying and cabinet drying process. During drying with spray dryer, three inlet temperature levels in range 140-160 °C, 170-190 °C, 200-220 °C were applied, whereas during drying with cabinet dryer, three levels of temperature in range 40-60 °C, 60-70 °C, 70-90 °C and three levels of drying time 0.75 hour, 1.5 hours, 2.5 hours were applied. The starch properties analysed were tapioca starch yield, moisture content, whiteness, fineness and gelatinization pattern of starch. The tapioca starch obtained will be applied in manufacturing of “pilus”. The characteristics of “pilus” evaluated is crispiness.
Keyword: pilus., cabinet drying, spray drying, tapioca

Judul: Proses pembuatan tapioka skala pilot dari varietas Singkong Manggu dan Singkong Karet serta aplikasinya terhadap kerenyahan produk Pilus
Abstrak: Kualitas produk akhir menjadi sangat penting untuk diperhatikan bagi industri pangan. Hal ini erat kaitannya dengan kualitas bahan baku yang digunakan. Salah satu aspek terkait dengan kualitas produk akhir adalah karakteristik tekstur produk pangan yang dihasilkan. Tekstur memiliki peranan dalam penerimaan konsumen terhadap suatu produk pangan. Pilus makanan ringan berbentuk bulat yang terbuat dari tapioka. Dengan pengendalian parameter proses pembuatan tapioka dan juga pengaruh perbedaan varietas singkong manggu dan singkong karet dalam pembuatan tapioka terhadap karakteristik tekstur pilus yang diinginkan. Pengambilan data berdasarkan parameter kritis diantaranya kadar pati, profil pasting pati, kadar amilosa amilopektin dan nilai swelling power serta uji produk akhir pilus dengan Texture Analyzer dan organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan parameter yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kerenyahan pilus adalah rasio amilosa amilopektin yang rendah. Serta diperoleh data bahwa perbedaan varietas singkong tidak berpengaruh terhadap pembuatan tapioka. Namun perbedaan varietas berpengaruh terhadap kerenyahan produk pilus., The quality of the final product becomes very important to attention for the food industry. It is closely related to the quality of the raw materials who used. One of the aspects linked to the quality of the end product is the texture characteristic of final food products. Textures have function in consumer acceptance of a food product. Pilus spherical-shaped snack made from tapioca. With control the process parameters of making tapioca and influence of cassava varieties difference such as manggu cassava and karet cassava in making tapioca flour to the desired texture characteristic of pilus. Take data based on critical parameter such as starch content, profile of starch gelatinization, amylose and amylopectin content , swelling power value and final product with Texture Analyzer as hardness and organoleptic. This research refer to parameter who most influence to crispiness is low rasio amylose-amilopectin. And it is get data that difference of cassava varieties not influence in process of making cassava flour. But difference of varieties cassava influence to crispiness of pilus.
Keyword: tapioka, singkong, pati, amilosa, pilus

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship