Judul: Determining the type of Solid-Waste Treatment Facility by Residential Typology Approach In Tangerang City
Abstrak: As long as waste management paradigm is still collect-transpot-dump patterned, the increase in the volume of waste will continue burdening the city due to the capacity limitation on final disposal area. This limitation makes the reduction in and waste management from the household, both at the individual and community level, becomes a necessity that needs to be expedited. One of the components that affect waste reduction efforts through an integrated waste management 3R is the availability of community-based waste management and community participation as a waste generator. The most important indicators of successful the 3Rs implementation is how to encourage a change in attitude and mindset of the people towards environmentally and sustainability of waste management. This study aims to formulate the provision of domestic waste treatment facility in accordance with the physical characteristics and the character of the people in the residential through: (1) identification of the residential typology in the city of Tangerang based on its waste management, (2) identify the dominant factors that influence the choice of waste management facilities, and (3) to formulate the priority of different types of solid-waste treatment facility based on residential typology. Analysis tools used include (1) spatial analysis through visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, (2) descriptive analysis of the community character in waste management, (3) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and (4) Multi-Criteria Decision Making ( MCDM) by Technique for Order Performance by Similiarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. In order to identify the residential typology used a combination of spatial analysis and descriptive analysis of the interviews and questionnaires were distributed to the residents. The result of this combination is 12 residential typology that describes the physical characteristics of the environment and character of the people that influential in waste management. Based on the results of AHP by stakeholders perception of the factors required under the general guidelines for community-based 3R waste management in residential areas, it was found that none of the factors very determinant for the waste management facilities choice, with a weight range between 8-17%. The priority type of solid-waste management facilities based on residential typology obtained with the aid of the MCDM-TOPSIS analysis. Based on the analysis we found that there are 6 groups of residentials were grouped according to the type of waste treatment facility priority.
Keyword: AHP, MCDM-TOPSIS, 3R waste management, waste treatment facilities, residential typology

Judul: Formulasi kebijakan sistem pengolahan sampah perkotaan berkelanjutan
Abstrak: Solid waste is still considered as worthless goods, so that it is still causing many problems. The purpose of this study is to formulate a sustainable urban waste management policy. The study was conducted in DKI Jakarta. The research is devided into four stages of analyses which include the availability and needed of land for a solid waste treatment, waste treatment technology optimization analysis of environmentally friendly, multi-criteria evaluation and policy analysis. Indonesia has many waste management policy, but not synergize together and not yet operational. Solid Waste management in DKI Jakarta has led to efforts to minimize waste, and waste reduction programs integrated between recycling, composting, combustion (incineration) and waste disposal system with a system of sanitary landfills, and will be pursued to zero waste program. DKI Jakarta needs to improve management efficiency and improved quality of service to the community, one with separation of regulator and operator functions, but managed by one institution to improve its performance and to cover the financing gap, ideally to cooperate with the private sector. The result of regression analysis shows a significant effect of economic growth in waste generation and characteristics. Increased in prosperity will increase the amount of inorganic waste, and lower amount of organic waste. Increased inorganic waste will increase the calorie content which is more beneficial if done with incinerator waste to energy (WTE), while providing the understanding that the waste is a resource that can be utilized as an energy alternative to electricity. Production of electricity from WTE incinerator is influenced by the calorie content, and type of waste. WTE incinerators have the advantage in processing speed and the required land area, but WTE incinerator required high initial investment. The result of CBA analysis shows that WTE incinerator is more expensive, but it is the most cost effective in the long term (25 years). The variables have a very strong influence on the cost of processing waste is waste transportation costs. In the context of environmental, sanitary landfill waste treatment system, which is placed far away from services area, can lead to a much larger greenhouse gases and generate leachate. The existence of designated land use and changes that are uncontrolled by DKI Jakarta complicate the placement of garbage processing unit. WTE technology or HRC which indoor system is more acceptable to local communities, compared to the open SLF. Incinerator technology is more efficient for processing large scale with a capacity of more than 500 tons / day, with the optimal point on the capacity of 3000 tons / day, which is supported by segregation. Organic waste treatment system is most optimal at high-rate composting system (HRC). WTE processing unit and HRC, should be placed in administrative of DKI. The sensitivity analysis shows that if the government would buy in a good price the electricity production and energy from solid waste, will raise the level of feasibility WTE incinerator system. Implementation of WTE incinerator technology, need to involve the private sector.
Keyword: High-Rate Composting (HRC), Sanitary Landfill

Judul: The Concentration of Immunoglobulin G in The Serum of Goat Kids After Giving of Colostrum
Abstrak: Lingkungan yang dihadapi anak hewan yang baru lahir penuh dengan agen penyakit yang sewaktu- waktu dapat menginfeksi dan menyebabkan penyakit. Anak hewan tersebut peka terhadap terjadinya infeksi yang disebabkan tubuhnya belum mempunyai daya tahan tubuh yang sempurna. Untuk meningkatkan kekebalan hidup hewan perlu diberi kolostrum setelah anak hewan lahir. Kolostrum mengandung sumber antibodi awal bagi anak ternak. Anak hewan yang sudah diberi kolostrum akan mengandung antibodi dalam serumnya. Dengan demikian penelitian banyaknya antibodi dalam serum darah akan sangat berguna dalam penentuan daya tahan hewan terhadap berbagai penyakit. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari kadar imunoglobulin G pada serum anak kambing setelah diberi kolostrum induk. Antibodi (imunoglobulin) dalam serum darah dimurnikan dengan metode salting out menggunakan larutan (NH4)2SO4 jenuh. Kemudian imunoglobulin dimurnikan dengan proses dialisis menggunakan membran dialisis dan larutan PBS pada suhu 4°C. Konsentrasi imunoglobulin (IgG) dari sampel dilanjutkan dengan metode spektroskopi UV-VIS pada panjang gelombang 280 nm. Kadar IgG dalam serum tersebut, ditentukan terhadap umur, jenis kelamin, bobot badan dan kelahiran tunggal atau kembar. Kadar IgG dalam serum dari berbagai waktu pengambilan menunjukkan semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya umur dari anak kambing. Mulai dari umur 3 minggu, 6 minggu, 9 minggu dan 12 minggu kadar IgG meningkat untuk semua jenis anak kambing. Kadar yang tertinggi pada minggu ke-12 sebesar 992,6 µg/ml untuk jenis kelahiran tunggal jantan dan yang terendah pada minggu ke-3 sebesar 203,9 µg/ml untuk jenis kelahiran kembar betina. Kadar IgG minggu ke-12 sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01) dibandingkan dengan minggu ke-3, minggu ke-6 dan minggu ke-9. Kadar IgG pada kelahiran kembar jantan sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01) pada minggu ke-6, minggu ke-9 dan minggu ke-12 dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada minggu ke-3, sedangkan pada kelahiran tunggal jantan sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01) dibandingkan dengan tunggal betina pada minggu ke-9 dan minggu ke-12 sedangkan pada minggu ke-3 dan minggu ke-6 berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Kadar IgG anak dengan jenis kelamin jantan dan kelamin betina semakin meningkat dengan menurunnya bobot badan induk. Kadar IgG anak semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya bobot badan anak untuk kelahiran tunggal betina, tunggal jantan, kembar jantan dan kembar betina. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa kadar imunoglobulin G pada serum anak kambing yang diberi kolostrum meningkat sesuai dengan bertambahnya umur. Imunoglobulin G anak kambing jenis kelahiran tunggal jantan paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan anak kambing yang lainnya.
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