Judul: Disain dan Uji Teknis Alat Pembenam Pupuk untuk Tanaman Teh
Abstrak: Penanaman teh merupakan budidaya yang memenuhi Tri Dharma Perkebunan, karena menghasilkan devisa, memberikan kesempatan kerja dan melestarikan sumber daya alam (Darmawijaya, 1982).
Keyword: 

Judul: Rancang bangun dan pengujian prototipe alat pemupuk mekanis untuk tebu lahan kering
Abstrak: Tebu adalah komoditi yang penting di Indonesia. Tebu adalah bahan baku gula yang merupakan salah satu dari sembilan bahan pokok di Indonesia. Luas lahan tebu di Indonesia mencapai 143352 ha. Perkebunan tebu merupakan pengguna lahan terbesar ketiga setelah perkebunan kelapa dan karet. Pemupukan tanaman tebu penting untuk dilakukan karena tebu menggunakan pertumbuhan tanaman sebagai ujung tombak produksinya (Supardiman, 1983). Karena ukuran lahan yang luas, kegiatan pemupukan tebu menggunakan alat pemupuk yang memiliki kapasitas besar. Pabrik Gula Jatiroto telah menggunakan alat dan mesin dalam melakukan kegiatan budidaya antara lain kegiatan pengolahan tanah, pembuatan saluran dan pemupukan. Untuk kegiatan pemupukan tersebut, PG Jatiroto menggunakan SUBFA (Sub Soiler Fertilizer Applicator). Alat ini dioperasikan dengan sistem penjatahan manual, dua alur pemupukan dan memiliki kapasitas lapang 0.203 ha/jam (Herlin, 2004). Alat tersebut dinilai memiliki kapasitas yang kecil dibandingkan tenaga traktor yang digunakan berkisar 80 hp. Sehingga dinilai perlu untuk membuat alat pemupuk dengan kapasitas yang lebih baik. Alat pemupuk mekanis yang dibuat harus memiliki kemampuan menjatah pupuk dengan baik. Kapasitas alat harus lebih besar dengan kapasitas lapang yang lebih besar. Secara umum kriteria dari alat pemupuk ini adalah : 1) Pemupukan pada tanaman berketinggian 20-30 cm dengan jarak tanam 115 cm, 2) dosis pupuk adalah 900-1200 kg/ha untuk Ratoon dan 450-600 kg/ha untuk plant cane, 3) dapat memotong akar, 4) traktor yang digunakan berdaya 80 hp. 5) Melebihi kapasitas sebelumnya yaitu 0.203 ha/jam. ...
Keyword: 

Judul: Seroprevalence of Chikungunya and The Risk of Transmission Transmitted Among Blood Donors In Sulawesi-Indonesia
Abstrak: Chikungunya (CHIK) is an arthritogenic alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of arboviruses with an enveloped RNA containing a positive single-stranded 11.8 kb genome. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which are commonly found in tropical and temperate regions. Primary vertebrate hosts include monkeys and humans, in whom this virus replicates efficiently (Diallo et al. 1999). Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known for causing acute illness, manifesting with fever, rash, and arthralgia known as Chikungunya fever (Horwood dan Buchy 2015). Despite the high number of Chikungunya cases in Indonesia, comprehensive data are lacking in CHIKV seroprevalence. Previous studies reported the median seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV antibodies in all situations 18.5%, ranging from 0.0 – 73.% (Harapan et al., 2019). However, the gap in epidemiological data of CHIKV in many regions of Indonesia including Sulawesi, is noteworthy. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection among healthy individuals from North and South Sulawesi using archive samples. Additionally, an asymptomatic course of CHIKV infection and the high pre-symptomatic viral load as 108pfu/mL (Appassakij et al. 2013) suggest that the infection can threaten blood transfusion safety. Evidence of CHIKV infection among blood donors (Simmons et al. 2016) indicates transfusion-transmitted is probable, although it has not been documented (Petersen dan Epstein 2014). Our study also aimed to test the archive blood donor specimens from North Sulawesi for CHIKV IgM and viremia to determine blood safety in endemic areas. Samples were screened for anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies to determine exposure to CHIKV using an in-house IgG ELISA as previously described (Kosasih et al. 2013) with minor modifications. CHIKV IgM, a marker for recent infection and endemicity, was tested in 303 samples randomly selected from IgG-positive samples using a Euroimmun anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA kit (Luebeck, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. CHIKV RNA detection was carried out using one-step-qRT-PCR. The data generated were analyzed with IBM-SPSS v20 (IBM Corporation, USA). Chi-square (χ2) test to determine significant differences between categorical variables, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As many as 1092 serum and plasma samples were analyzed, with CHIK IgG seropositivity at 53.48% (584/1092). The results also show a statistically significant difference in the seropositive rates based on gender (58.8% male and 48.5% female) and region (53.9% South Sulawesi versus 48.7% North Sulawesi). Seropositivity increased with age; approximately half of adults between their 40s and 60s had seroconverted. Most of the participants, 304 (27.8%), were between 21-30 years. The age groups with the least participants were those >60 years and <20 years, with 93 participants each (8.5%), followed by the 51–60-years age group with 142 (13.0%) participants. In addition to IgG, the overall anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity comprised 12.9% (39/303). A Chi-square analysis shows a statistical significance of anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity based on gender and region with p-values (p=0.047 and p=0.038, respectively). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in anti-CHIK IgM based on age. The age group with the most participants was the 21-30 years with 19.3% (16/83), while those with the least participants were those >60 years. The current study
Keyword: Chikungunya, Serosurvey, Sulawesi, Blood donors, ELISA, qRT-PCR.