Judul: PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA
Abstrak: Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country, featuring an enormous workforce, high economic growth, and rich natural resources. Thus, this made Indonesia becomes very lucrative to open new market businesses for some stakeholders through FDI. However, a debatable discussion on the effect of FDI on income inequality in the case of within the country shows different findings. Moreover, study on the effect of FDI on two different inequalities measurement especially in Indonesia is still limited. Finally, income inequality measurements, namely the Gini coefficient and Williamson Inequality Index, are employed in this research to assess income inequality within the households and between the regions in Indonesia as the effect of FDI inflows from 1996 to 2020.
Keyword: FDI, gini coefficient, growth, inequality

Judul: Analisis Pengaruh Foreign Direct Investment Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat dampak jangka pendek dan jangka panjang Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) dan beberapa faktor penentu lainnya terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data time series tahun 1986-2013 dengan pendekatan model Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach to cointegration untuk melihat hubungan jangka panjang dan Impulse response functions (IRF) untuk melihat dampak guncangan pada jangka pendek dari satu variabel independen terhadap variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa FDI mempunyai dampak positif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dimana hal ini konsisten dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Dampak positif tingkat pertumbuhan FDI terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan signifikan hanya pada jangka pendek.
Keyword: Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL), Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Impulse Response Functions (IRF), Income Inequality, Income inequality, Impulse respon function, Downward trend, Gross domestic product

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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