Judul: Modifikasi Manipulator Tipe Silinder untuk Robot Bioproduksi dalam Greenhouse.
Abstrak: Manipulator berfungsi untuk menjangkau target dalam koordinat tiga dimensi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu memodifikasi mekanisme link horizontal pada manipulator agar lebih fleksibel dalam menjangkau target dan merubah sistem interface ke Arduino Mega 2650. Penelitian ini meliputi modifikasi prototipe, pembuatan logika pemrograman, serta pengujian manipulator hasil modifikasi dengan menggunakan variasi pembebanan dan kecepatan motor listrik. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan dapat menjangkau target dalam koordinat tiga dimensi dengan jangkauan maksimum 722,2 mm ke arah sumbu x positif, 800 mm ke arah sumbu x negatif, 800 mm ke arah sumbu y positif dan 506 mm ke arah sumbu y negatif. Sedangkan jangkauan maksimum dan minimum manipulator pada sumbu z adalah 1104 mm dan 321 mm. Hasil penelitian terbaik terdapat pada kecepatan motor 130 pwm dan pembebanan 200 gram (118,4 derajat per detik pada motor DC joint 2, dan 233,0 derajat per detik pada motor DC joint 3). Error yang didapatkan sebesar 11,40 mm pada sumbu x, 11,10 mm pada sumbu y, dan 9,80 mm pada sumbu z. Error pada manipulator disebabkan karena tidak adanya sistem pengereman pada motor listrik sehingga terjadi momen gaya yang mengakibatkan simpangan pada sudut joint 2 dan joint 3.
Keyword: greenhouse, manipulator, modifikasi, robot bioproduksi

Judul: Modifikasi Manipulator Tipe Silinder Untuk Robot Pemanen Buah Dalam Greenhouse
Abstrak: The harvesting robot need to be design so it has capacity to harvest the fruits or vegetables selectively. The selective harvesting means only harvest the ripe fruit while the non ripe fruit still remined on the tree. The manipulator is one of the robot parts that has an important function for successful of the robot task. The problem of the previous manipulator is that horizontal prismatic joint disturb the oposite plant of target. This disturbance make alignment error of the manipulator. Miss alignment of the manipulator from target will cause the harvesting failure because of the end-effector tip can not reach the fruit. Purpose of this research was to modify the horizontal prismatic joint into the horizontal rotational joint. Therefore the modified manipulator has three degree of freedom that is consisted of two rotational joint and one prismatic joint. Result of the research show that the positioning error of the x coordinate is 13.8 mm, y coordinate is 15.1 mm, z coordinate is 3.2 mm. The positioning error of the x coordinate and y coordinate was caused by inertia force of the rotational joint. The positioning accuracy of the z coordinate was caused by time response of the program more slow than encoder pulse frecuency of the vertical translational joint. Therefore in this research motion distance was measured using timer. For better result the measurement method of each joints need to be change from incremental encoder into absolute encoder.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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