Judul: Upaya Peningkatan Produksi Susu Sapi Perah dengan Pencampuran Bungkil Inti Sawit dan Distillers Dried Grains with Solubles dalam Konsentrat
Abstrak: National milk yield can not supply the national milk consumption. One alternative to improve national milk yield is by increasing the dairy cattle productivity through better feeding management. West Java is one of the centers of development of dairy cattle for milk yield. It provides about 34.81% of the national milk yield. The largest population of dairy cattle in West Java is in Lembang. The average milk yield in Lembang is higher than the average national milk yield. To maintain high milk yield, addition of high quality feed such as concentrates is very important for dairy cattle. Palm kernel cake (PKC) is a by-product of the palm oil industry. As a local feed, it has a very high potential to be used as an alternative of energy and protein feed sources. Even though the price is low, there is still limited research that has been done concerning its effect on dairy cattle production. Using good quality of local feed for dairy cattle has two benefits, it decreases production costs while increasing farmer’s income as well as improving animal production. Distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) is a feedstuff that can be used as a protein and energy source. Distillers dried grains with solubles is imported feed but the price is lower than soybean meal. Concentrate feed mixed by PKC and DDGS, was expected to increase production and quality of milk of dairy cows in Lembang. An experiment was conducted to study the effect of concentrate mix by using PKC and DDGS on milk yield in Lembang, West Java. This experiment was expected to increase milk yield, to decrease feed costs and to increase dairy farmers income in Lembang. Twenty two lactating dairy cows devided into 4 groups: R0, R1, R2 and R3. Each group consisted of 5 and 6 lactating dairy cows with different lactating periods. R0 was fed by basal diet as control, R1 was fed by basal diet and 1kg DDGS, R2 was fed by basal diet and 2 kg PKC and 1kg DDGS, and R3 was fed by basal diet and 3 kg PKC. Parameters observed and measured were physiological status, feed intake and milk yield. Physiological status including rectal temperature, respiration rate and heart rate were measured every week; feed intake was measured every day by calculating the difference in feed given; consumption of dry matter; chest circumference (cm) measured using a measuring tape taken before, during and after the experiment and converted into body weight (kg); daily milk yield recorded daily in the morning at 04.00 to 06.00 am and 03.00 to 05.00 pm; milk quality was measured every two weeks by taken 200 ml of milk sampled before, during and after the experiment; mastitis test was measured by IPB-1 reagent performed before, during and after the study. The study design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), which consisted of four treatments with five to six replications. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance General Linear Model. The differences among the results, were tested by Duncan test. vii The experiment showed that there was no significant effect
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Judul: Variations of Milk Production Dairy Cows at Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) Cijeruk District Bogor Regency West Java
Abstrak: Tingkat kemampuan produksi susu sapi perah di peternakan rakyat sapi perah masih bervariasi. Variasi produksi susu dapat dipengaruhi oleh manajemen pemberian pakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi produksi susu sapi perah di SPR Karya Mandiri, menghitung nilai Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC), dan menyusun rekomendasi kebutuhan pakan yang sesuai produksi susu. Pengumpulan data primer meliputi penimbangan hijauan dan pakan konsentrat, pengukuran produksi susu, dan wawancara dengan peternak sapi perah rakyat. Data sekunder diperoleh dari data koperasi SPR Karya Mandiri dan studi literatur. Peternak sapi perah rakyat yang diwawancari sebanyak 20 orang dan jumlah sampel sapi sebanyak 52 ekor indukan. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Data tersebut dibandingkan dengan literatur. Peternak sapi perah rakyat memberikan hijauan dengan rata-rata 50 kg/hari (57%) dan konsentrat 7 kg/hari (43%). Total pemberian pakan 13,1 kg BK/hari untuk menghasilkan 12 L/hari susu. Nilai IOFC sebesar Rp22.700,00 atau 21% dari total pendapatan dan pengeluaran. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi produksi susu dipengaruhi oleh manajemen pemberian pakan. Efisiensi pemberian pakan dapat meningatkan IOFC., Milk production at smallholder dairy varies accorss farms. Variability of milk production is affected by feeding management. The study aimed to understand variability of milk production in SPR Karya Mandiri, to calculate the value of income over feed cost (IOFC), and to develop suitable feeding management recommendation for milk production. The primary data collection includes weighting forage and concentrate feed, measuring milk production, and interviewing smallholder dairy farmers. Secondary data was obtained from cooperative data SPR Karya Mandiri and literature studies. 20 dairy farmers were interviwed and the data from 52 dairy cows were collected. The descriptive analysis was used to process the data. The data were compared with the literature. Feeding management varies across farmers. Smallholder dairy farmers fed on average 50 kg/day of forage (57%) and 7 kg/day of concentrate (43%). In total they fed 13.1 kg DM/day to produce 12 L/day of milk. The IOFC value was Rp22.700,00 or 21 % of total revenue and expenses. Variability of milk production is affected by feeding management. Improving feeding management helps to increase IOFC.
Keyword: dairy cows, feeding management, sekolah peternakan rakyat (SPR), smallholder dairy farmers

Judul: Peluang Partikel Plasma Berada Pada Dimensi Debye Akibat Gangguan Gelombang Elektromagnetik dengan Menggunakan Persamaan Schrödinger
Abstrak: The solution of Schrodinger equations with plasma Coulomb potential in spherical coordinat results solution wave function and energy plasma particle. Electron probability density at Debye length with thermal effect same as ion, which indicates plasma in neutral state. Electromagnetic waves perturbation of an electric field given to result wave function perturbation system. The probability density of plasma particle due to electromagnetic waves perturbation is the largest when an electromagnetic waves frequency 1.41 times the plasma frequency .
Keyword: Schrödinger, plasma, electromagnetic wave