Judul: Transformasi Genetik Nicotiana benthamiana dengan Gen Pembungaan Hd3a dari Padi
Abstrak: Flowering is one of the fundamental events in the life cycle of many higher plants and is a very important trait for determining the ability of a species to adapt to various environmental conditions. Hd3a gene is one gene that is associated with the flowering time in rice. Overexpression of Hd3a caused early flowering in rice. This research had an objective to transform genetically Nicotiana benthamiana by Hd3a gene from rice. Genetic transformation was carried out by Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by co-cultivation method. Putative transgenic shoots were selected by using 30 mg/l hygromycin. The results showed that genetic transformation of N. benthamiana resulted the putative transgenic shoots with high eficiency i.e 86%. Molecular analysis by PCR of putative transgenic plants showed that these plants contained hpt genes responsible for plant resistance to hygromycin. The presence of the hpt gene in the genome of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana also indicated the presence of Hd3a flowering gene. The shoot of transgenic Nicotiana benthamiana containing Hd3a gene had flower very early, so the Hd3a gene has a role in triggering flowering.
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Judul: Pewarisan Genetik Transgen Hd3a pada Tanaman Nicotiana benthamiana Transgenik
Abstrak: Hd3a gene has been successfully introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana genome. In vitro culture, the putative transgenic of N. benthamiana give a flower very early. This plant must be molecularly analyzed to confirm the integration of Hd3a transgene under the control of 35SCaMV promoter in the genome. The objective of this research was to analyze the integration, stability and genetic inheritance of Hd3a transgene under 35SCaMV promoter in transgenic N. benthamiana. Mendelian inheritance pattern of hpt fused to Hd3a transgene with 3:1 ratio has been detected in T1 generation of transgenic N. benthamiana. This pattern showed that transgenic N. benthamiana is heterozygous for hpt fused to Hd3a transgene. In addition, this result indicated that the transgenic N. benthamiana contains one single copy of hpt and Hd3a transgenes integrated in the genome. The molecular analysis showed that T0 and T1 generation of transgenic N. benthamiana contain Hd3a transgene. Hd3a transgene caused an early flowering phenotype in transgenic N. benthamiana E.26.3 line. Average of flowering time in E.26.3 line is 40,5 days after germination. An early flowering character was not observed in E.21.3 line probably caused by the suppression of Hd3a gene.
Keyword: genetic inheritance, Hd3a gene, Nicotiana benthamiana

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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