Judul: Kajian Pengaruh Jenis Minyak terhadap Mutu Sabun Transparan.
Abstrak: Sabun merupakan pembersih yang dibuat dengan reaksi kimia antara b~ a natrium atau kalium dengan asam lemak dari minyak nabati atau lemak Ii ani (SNI, 1994). Produk yang diamati dalam penelitian inl adalah sabun tr~ sparan yang dibuat melalui reaksi penyabunan antara asam lemak d~ NaOH. Sumber asam lemak yang digunakan adalah asam stearat dan Ii~a jenis minyak nabati, yaitu minyak kelapa (coconut oin, minyak sawit (palm olein), minyak jarak (castor oi!), minyak jagung (com oi!) dan minyak kERjelai (soybean oi!). ~ Corredoira dan Pandolfi (1996) menyatakan bahwa pemilihan jenis asam lelitak menentukan karakteristik sabun yang dihasilkan, karena se ~iap jenis asam lemak akan memberikan sifat yang berbeda pada s&bun. Cavitch (2001) m!laporkan adanya perbedaan kekerasan dan karQkteristi~( buse pada s~Ju n-sabun yang dibuat dari asam~asam lemak yang ber')eda. Menurut V\S....l iams dan Schmitt (2002), pemilihan bahan baku, khususnY:l a5am lemak, a~n memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap warnE, prodl .k akhir. ~ Asam lemak merupakan komponen utama penyusur I lemak atau m§1yak. Shrivastava (1982) menyatakan bahwa pemilihan jenis minyak yang a~n digunakan sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan sabun merupakan hal y~g sangat penting, karena sebagian besar komponen pembentuk sabun a~lah minyak. Q Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh jenis minyak yang diQunakar. seuagai bahan baku terhadap mutu sabun transparan yang dihasilkan, kemud:an menentukan sabun terbaik berdasarkan parameter mutu yang dianalisa. Sebagai pembanding digunakan tiga merk sabun komersial. Parameter yang dianalisa ada!ah kadar air dan zat menguap, kadar asam lemak, kadar traksi tak tersabunkan, kadar bagian tak !arut dalam alkohol, kadar alkali bebas yang dihitung sebagai NaOH, nilai pH, kekerasan (nilai penetrasi oleh Penetrometer), kestabilan emulsi dan kestabilan busa. Analisa terhadap produk pembanding bertujuan untuk mengetahui apakah mutu sabun yang dibuat dalam penelitian ini masuk ke dalam kisaran nlutu produk komersial yang ada di pasaran.
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Judul: Pengaruh Penggunaan Kombinasi Jenis Minyak terhadap Mutu Sabun Transparan
Abstrak: The oil selection as the fatty acid source will determine the transparent soap characteristic because each fatty acid type will gift the different soap characteristic. The use of oil combinations in one formula on the transparent soap made because the characteristic of the oil is not owned by itself but substitute by other oils. Moreover, the probability of the undesirable characteristics on the soap can be reduce until the minimum level to increase the quality of transparent soap. This research is to determine the effect of using the oil combinations on the certain composition, through the transparent soap quality product, to determine the panelist respond through the transparent soap product, to reach the best formula in transparent soap making by using more than one oil combination in one soap formula. The oil that used is coconut oil, RBDPO (refined bleached deodorized palm oil) and castor oil. The diverse analysis shows the different result significantly. The organoleptic test that has been done is to determine the panelist respond through the transparent soap product. Based on the chemicalphysic characteristic and organoleptic test, the best formulas are the transparent soap made from coconut oil and RDBPO with the comparison of 15:5. The sopa characteristic that being made are: water content and evaporate substance (12.13%), fatty acid content (33.41%), unsaponifiable fraction content (1.66%), insolulable in alcohol content alcohol (0.75%), free alkali content as NaOH (0.21%), pH (10.57), hardness (2.10 mm/second), emulsion stability (82.64%), foam stability (33.64%), and cleaning power (285.50 ftu turbidity).
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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