Judul: Pertumbuhan Bakau Kurap (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) di Persemaian Mangrove Desa Muara, Kecamatan Teluk Naga, Tangerang
Abstrak: Mangrove rehabilitation activities that are being undertaken in Muara village include seedling and planting activities for various species of mangroves, especially Rhizophora stylosa Griff. (bakau kurap). The villagers have problem to see the differences of ripe and mature fruit according to the activities. They often pick the ripe fruits that still have pieces of fruit although ripe fruits need preface treatment that take long time to be a seed. This study was conducted to obtain information about the development of bakau kurap growth in order to obtain a better cultivation technique based on propagules type at nursery, and the growth in the field based on planting treatments. Those are seedling in polybag, seedling non polybag, and direct seed from propagules. The result showed that during 4 months observation, direct seed from propagules treatment gave effect the highest of height growth about 3.19 cm/month. It suggested that rehabilitation activities should used direct seed from propagules at shallow area.
Keyword: Rhizophora stylosa Griff., propagules, Muara village, mangrove rehabilitation

Judul: Pertumbuhan Bakau Merah (Rhizophora mucronata) di Persemaian Mangrove Desa Muara, Kecamatan Teluk Naga, Kabupaten Tangerang
Abstrak: The success of mangrove rehabilitations are influenced by various factors which one of them is the availability of seedling stocks over time. The knowledge about growth process and development of plants which will be used as seedlings are several factors of success of nursery development. Red mangrove (Rhizophora mucronata) is one species of plants which grows in mangrove forest. The conservation of this species is very important because its habitat is at the central zone of mangrove formation and has high reproduction over time so it can be easier to do rehabilitation. The aim of this research is to get the information about R.mucronata growth and development to get better cultivation technique. The treatments were planting of propagul that had pieces of fruit and planting of propagul without pieces of fruit. Based on this research, the planting of propagul without pieces of fruit gave significant effect toward the heigth and length of red mangrove (R.mucronata) propagules development.
Keyword: Rhizophora mucronata, propagul, nursery, growth

Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum