Judul: Dampak Investasi di Sektor Pertambangan dan  Penggalian Kalimantan Timur terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia: Pendekatan  IRIO
Abstrak: Equitable economic development continues to be at the forefront of building towards a prospective Indonesia. As of 2022, Indonesia’s western provinces contribute to 80% of GDP while the east contributes only around 20%. Kalimantan is a region that holds great potential in developing Indonesia’s economy. Wealthy in natural resources, Kalimantan focuses on becoming Indonesia’s base for manufacturing industries and the barn for national energy. East Kalimantan is diversely energy resource-rich and able to fulfill this. This study aimed to analyze the linkages of East Kalimantan’s mining and quarrying sector with other sectors and regions and its impact of investment on output, income, and labor. The method used is analysis of linkages and investment impact using the 2016 IRIO Table according to 17 sectors and 34 provinces. The results showed that the mining and quarrying sector had a weak ability in attracting production growth in its upstream sectors, but had a strong ability in encouraging production growth in its downstream sectors. The existence of investment in East Kalimantan’s mining and quarrying sector had a large impact on the total output, income, and labor in various sectors of East Kalimantan and many other provinces in Indonesia., Pemerataan pembangunan ekonomi terus menjadi fokus utama dalam membangun Indonesia yang prospektif. Pada tahun 2022, provinsi-provinsi di bagian barat Indonesia berkontribusi terhadap 80% PDB, sementara bagian timur hanya berkontribusi sekitar 20%. Kalimantan merupakan wilayah yang memiliki potensi besar dalam mengembangkan perekonomian Indonesia. Kaya akan sumber daya alam, Kalimantan berfokus untuk menjadi basis industri pengolahan dan lumbung energi nasional. Kalimantan Timur kaya akan sumber daya energi yang beragam dan mampu memenuhi hal tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keterkaitan sektor pertambangan dan penggalian di Kalimantan Timur dengan sektor dan wilayah lain serta dampak investasi terhadap output, pendapatan, dan tenaga kerja. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis keterkaitan dan dampak investasi dengan menggunakan Tabel IRIO 2016 menurut 17 sektor dan 34 provinsi. Hasil penelitian telah menunjukkan bahwa sektor pertambangan dan penggalian memiliki kemampuan yang lemah dalam menarik pertumbuhan produksi di sektor hulunya, namun memiliki kemampuan yang kuat dalam mendorong pertumbuhan produksi di sektor hilirnya. Keberadaan investasi di sektor pertambangan dan penggalian di Kalimantan Timur memiliki dampak yang besar terhadap total output, pendapatan, dan tenaga kerja di berbagai sektor di Kalimantan Timur dan banyak provinsi lain di Indonesia.
Keyword: Economic Development, Investment, IRIO, Mining and Quarrying  Sector

Judul: Dampak Investasi di Sektor Pengadaan Listrik dan Gas Provinsi Maluku terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia: Pendekatan Interregional Input-Output (IRIO)
Abstrak: Salah satu isu pembangunan adalah pemerataan pertumbuhan ekonomi, Provinsi Maluku yang berbentuk kepulauan memiliki tantangan besar dalam hal tersebut sehingga memiliki tingkat kemiskinan dan ketimpangan rasio desa berlistrik yang tinggi. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi tingkat kemiskinan dan ketimpangan rasio desa berlistrik tersebut adalah dengan investasi di sektor unggulan Provinsi Maluku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak investasi sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas di Provinsi Maluku terhadap perekonomian di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) dengan menggunakan Tabel IRIO Indonesia klasifikasi 17 sektor dan 34 provinsi yang diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas merupakan sektor unggulan dan memiliki keterkaitan yang tinggi ke Provinsi Kalimantan Timur. Selain itu, perubahan investasi di sektor pengadaan listrik dan gas Provinsi Maluku memiliki dampak terhadap pembentukan output dan pendapatan Provinsi Kalimantan Timur, serta berdampak besar pada penyerapan tenaga kerja Provinsi Kalimantan Timur dan Jawa Barat, One of the development issues is the distribution of economic growth, Maluku Province which is in the form of an archipelago has a big challenge in this regard so that it has a high poverty rate and inequality ratio of villages with high electricity. One way that can be done to reduce the level of poverty and inequality in the ratio of electrified villages is by investing in the leading sectors of Maluku Province. This study aims to determine the impact of investment in the electricity and gas procurement sector in Maluku Province on the economy in Indonesia. The analytical method used is Interregional Input-Output (IRIO) analysis using the Indonesian IRIO table for the classification of 17 sectors and 34 provinces obtained from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The results of the analysis show that the electricity and gas procurement sector is a leading sector and has high linkages to the Province of East Kalimantan. In addition, changes in investment in the electricity and gas procurement sector for Maluku Province have had an impact on the formation of output and income for East Kalimantan Province, as well as a major impact on employment for the Provinces of East Kalimantan and West Java.
Keyword: Electricity, Investment, IRIO, Sectoral and Spatial Linkages

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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