Judul: Pengaruh Pupuk Bekas Maggot Terhadap Total Fenolik, Flavonoid, dan Aktivitas Antioksidan Tanaman Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.)
Abstrak: Sirih merah (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) mengandung banyak senyawa aktif yang berperan dalam pengobatan penyakit degeneratif, seperti fenolik dan flavonoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh pemberian pupuk bekas maggot terhadap pertumbuhan, kadar total fenolik, flavonoid, dan aktivitas antioksidan tanaman sirih merah. Kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid diukur menggunakan metode kolorimetri dengan reagen folin-ciocalteu dan alumunium klorida. Aktivitas antioksidan diukur menggunakan metode DPPH dan FRAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan dosis 3 (1 pupuk kasgot : 7 media tanam) memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya, yaitu sebesar 166,41 ± 4,50 mg GAE/gr untuk fenolik, 47,59 ± 1,33 mg QE/gr untuk flavonoid, 272,39 ± 15,49 ppm untuk nilai IC50, dan 545,27 ± 12,05 µM TE/gr untuk kapasitas antioksidan. Pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, bobot basah, dan bobot kering tertinggi diperoleh dari perlakuan kontrol negatif, yaitu sebesar 115,41 cm, 20,08 lembar daun, 19,03 gram bobot basah, dan 3,85 gram bobot kering. Penggunaan pupuk kasgot mampu meningkatkan produksi senyawa aktif berupa fenolik dan flavonoid serta dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan tanaman sirih merah. Namun, hal tersebut berbanding terbalik dengan pertumbuhan tanamannya yang terhambat ketika ditambahkan pupuk kasgot., Red betel (Piper crocatum Ruiz & Pav.) contained many active compounds that played a role in the treatment of degenerative diseases, such as phenolics and flavonoids. This research aimed to determine the effect of maggot manure application on the growth, total phenolic content, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity of red betel plants. The total phenolic and flavonoid content were measured using colorimetric methods with Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride reagents. Antioxidant activity was measured using the DPPH and FRAP methods. The results showed that treatment with Dose 3 (1 maggot manure: 7 planting media) had the highest content of active compounds compared to other treatments, at 166.41 ± 4.50 mg GAE/g for phenolics, 47.59 ± 1.33 mg QE/g for flavonoids, 272.39 ± 15.49 ppm for IC50 value, and 545.27 ± 12.05 µM TE/g for antioxidant capacity. The highest plant growth, leaf count, wet weight, and dry weight were obtained from the negative control treatment, at 115.41 cm, 20.08 leaves, 19.03 grams wet weight, and 3.85 grams dry weight, respectively. The usage of maggot manure can increase the production of active compounds such as phenolics and flavonoids and enhance the antioxidant activity of red betel plants. However, this was in contrast to the growth of the plants when maggot manure was added.
Keyword: Antioxidant, Flavonoid, Phenolics, Maggot, Red Betel, Antioxidant, Flavonoid, Phenolics, Maggot, Red Betel

Judul: Total Phenolics, Flavonoids, and ɑ-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity of n-Hexane, Ethyl Acetate and Methanol Extracts of Red Betel (Piper crocatum)
Abstrak: Sirih merah (Piper crocatum) mempunyai berbagai senyawa dengan kemampuan penghambatan enzim ɑ-glukosidase. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan ekstrak yang memiliki tingkat kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid yang optimal, serta penghambatan tertinggi pada enzim α-glukosidase. Metode maserasi bertingkat digunakan untuk mengekstraksi senyawa bioaktif sirih merah menggunakan pelarut-pelarut dengan peningkatan kepolaran (n-heksana, etil asetat, metanol). Pengujian dilakukan terhadap kadar fenolik total, flavonoid, serta kemampuan inhibisi ɑ-glukosidase. Hasil pengukuran total kadar fenolik, flavonoid, dan aktivitas penghambatan α-glukosidase menunjukkan nilai yang secara signifikan berbeda (p<0,05) pada semua ekstrak dengan total kadar fenolik dan flavonoid tertinggi pada ekstrak n-heksana berturut-turut sebesar 25,68 ± 0,29 mg GAE/g dan 65,84 ± 0,96 mg QE/g. Sementara itu, ekstrak metanol daun sirih merah memiliki daya hambat diantara semua ekstrak dengan nilai persen inhibisi α-glukosidase sebesar 43,87 ± 1,83%., Red betel leaf (Piper crocatum) had various compounds with the ability to inhibit α-glucosidase enzymes. The research aimed to determine the extract with optimal levels of phenolic and flavonoid content, as well as the highest inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme. A multistage maceration method was used to extract bioactive compounds from red betel leaf using solvents with increasing polarity (n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol). Tests were conducted on the total phenolic content, flavonoids, and α-glucosidase inhibition ability. The measurement results of the total phenolic content, flavonoids, and α-glucosidase inhibition activity showed significantly different values (p<0,05) in all extracts with the highest total phenolic and flavonoid content in n-hexane extract, respectively, at 25,68 ± 0,29 mg GAE/g and 65,84 ± 0,96 mg QE/g. Meanwhile, the methanol extract of red betel leaf had inhibitory power among all extracts with a percentage inhibition of α-glucosidase at 43,87 ± 1,83%.
Keyword: ɑ-glukosidase/ɑ-glucosidase, antidiabetes/antidiabetic, fenolik/phenolic, flavonoid/flavonoid, sirih merah/red betel

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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