Judul: Sintesis Mono-diasilgliserol Berbasis Gliserol dan Palm Fatty Acid Distillate
Abstrak: Mono-diasilgliserol (M-DAG) adalah emulsifier yang banyak digunakan dalam industri. M-DAG dapat dihasilkan dari proses esterifikasi antara asam lemak dan gliserol. Gliserol yang digunakan merupakan gliserol hasil samping produksi biodiesel yang telah dimurnikan, sedangkan sumber asam lemak bebas yang digunakan yaitu Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan suhu dan rasio molar antara gliserol dan PFAD yang terbaik dalam menghasilkan M-DAG. Tahapan pada penelitian ini meliputi pemurnian gliserol, karakterisasi bahan baku, sintesis produk, dan karakterisasi produk. Reaksi esterifikasi antara gliserol dan PFAD terjadi selama 75 menit dengan katalis MESA -dan penambahan zeolit dengan perlakuan rasio molar 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4 pada suhu 150°C dan 160°C. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi produk, diketahui bahwa semakin rendah suhu maka rendemen yang didapat semakin tinggi dan produk berkarakteristik putih dan kering, sedangkan semakin tinggi suhu maka stabilitas emulsi semakin baik serta kadar ALB semakin rendah. Selanjutnya semakin rendah rasio molar maka tingkat kecerahan M-DAG lebih tinggi, sedangkan semakin tinggi rasio molar maka kadar ALB semakin rendah.
Keyword: Gliserol, PFAD, Mono-diasilgliserol, M-Dag, Limbah biodiesel, Palm fatty acid, Esterifikasi, Disstillate

Judul: Penentuan Suhu Reaksi dan Rasio Volume Gliserol dan Palm Fatty Acid Distillate untuk Sintesis Mono-Diasilgliserol
Abstrak: Mono-diacylglycerol (M-DAG) is one of emulsifiers which can be obtained by esterification of glycerol and free fatty acids. Glycerol are used is glycerol byproduct of biodiesel production, while the free fatty acids that are used is Palm Fatty Acid Distillate (PFAD). The main objective of this research is to determine the volume ratio of glycerol and PFAD, also the best temperature for the synthesis of M-DAG. The research began with the purification of crude glycerol that produced glycerol which had 73-81% glycerol content, 1.14% ash content, and pH 5. Glycerol and PFAD were reacted using 2% of methyl ester sulfonic acid catalyst for 60 minutes then the result’s characteristic was analyzed. The best temperature and volume ratio is at 160 °C with ratio between 1:3 and 1:4. This condition resulting M-DAG with yield 32.60% and 27.20%, amount of M-DAG was 61.99% (24.68% MAG, 37.31% DAG) and 49.92% (20.27% MAG, 29.66% DAG), 70.97% and 71.19% emulsion stability, 55 °C and 56 °C melting point, pH 3, 40.01% dan 39.01% acid value, and also dry and whitey-brown physical characteristic
Keyword: M-DAG, mono-diacylglycerol, emulsifier, PFAD, glycerol

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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