Judul: Keterkaitan antara Infrastruktur dan Pendapatan per Kapita: Perbandingan Daerah Kaya dan Miskin di Indonesia 2003-2012
Abstrak: Income per capita is one of indicators to measure the performance of an economy in a country. Although in general income per capita in Indonesia always increases every year, but it is not followed by income equality among the provinces. Income disparity among provinces happens because of infrastructure disparity, both quantity and quality. This research used panel data method for 30 provinces in Indonesia on 2003-2012, consisting 15 rich provinces with high income per capita and 15 poor provinces with low income per capita. Dependent variable in this research is income per capita (PDRBK), while the independent variables are water (AIR), electricity (LSTRK), length of roads (LNJLN), school (LNSKLH), and hospital beds (LNBED). The results of this research show that all of the infrastructure variables have positive and significant effect on income per capita except for water in Indonesia in general and provinces with high income per capita, then length of roads in provinces with low income per capita. Income per capita in Indonesia in general and provinces with high income per capita is sensitive to the availability of economic infrastructure, while income per capita in provinces with low income per capita is sensitive to availability of social infrastructure.
Keyword: Panel data, Infrastructure, Income per capita

Judul: Keterkaitan antara Ketersediaan Infrastruktur dan Tingkat Kemiskinan di Indonesia: Analisis Data Kabupaten/Kota 2008-2011
Abstrak: Poverty in Indonesia is gradually decreasing in 2008-2011. The infrastructure availability is one of the most important points that can accelerate poverty reduction. This study uses panel data of 155 districts/municipalties in Indonesia 2008-2011. The goals of this study are to describe the condition of the infrastructure availability and the poverty rate in Indonesia and to analyze the relationship between them .The infrastructure variables that are used consist of water, electricity, roads, schools, and hospital beds. Beside that, control variables that are applied are GDP per capita and unemployment rate (TPT). The result of the study shows that infrastructure availability generally has a significant impact except infrastructure of schools and has a negative relationship for poverty rate except water’s infrastructure. From all those five infrastructure variables, the variable which has the most effective influence on the percentage of poor people is electricity variable.
Keyword: Poverty, Panel data, Infrastructure

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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