Judul: Economic valuation of urban forest based on health cost approach (case study at Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta)
Abstrak: Air pollution in Jakarta which come from motor vehicle can affect trouble of health for society. Developing urban forest is one way to reduce air pollution in Jakarta because urban forest could give benefit by absorption and adsorption pollutant gases and particles. In the other hand, the development of urban forest was often unable to ”compete” if been faced with the opposite situation in the frame of economic. It cause, some of the urban forest converted into residence area, industrial area and trade area. Based on that problem, economic valuation of urban forest was an effort and urgent step in order to save the remained urban forest in Jakarta. The objectives of this research are to gain the potency of urban forest at Ragunan Zoo in reducing air pollution; and its economic value based on health cost approach. This research was held at district of Ragunan Zoo and Pasar Minggu, exactly in district of Ragunan and Pasar Minggu. Ragunan Zoo was legally stain up in 1966 with 135 ha, has a 14.957 indvidual trees from various species. The enumeration of urban forest ability potency in reducing air pollution was conducted by measuring the ability of trees at Ragunan Zoo in absorb and adsorb the pollutant gases and particles. Based on the calculation, the trees at Ragunan Zoo can adsorb Pb was equal to 1.407.244,38 µg, absorbing Pb was equal to 29.359.647 µg, adsorbing dust was equal to 417.602.217 mg, absorbing NO2 was equal to 6.684.445.733 µg, absorbing CO (by tree leaves) was equal to 19.094.004,21 µg/hour, and SO2 (by tree leaves) was equal to 301.097.758,7 µg/hour.
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Judul: Valuasi ruang terbuka hijau tipe pekarangan berdasarkan pendekatan biaya kesehatan (Studi kasus Desa Gunung Putri, Kecamatan Gunung Putri, Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: The rapidly developed industry cause positive and negative impact to environment. One of the negative impacts is air pollution. Air pollution causes respiratory diseases. It makes goverment spend much fund for health subsidy. Health subsidy can be reduce by building green open space which would reduce the pollutant of environmental. Home garden is one of green open space type. Currently the existence home garden decrease unstead of it is contribution toward the quality at the environments. Gunung Putri village is one of village located industrial area. It cause of air pollution. Impact of air pollution in this village will cause economic loss. This fee are the cost of medical treatment and the cost of prevention disease and reduced income due to air pollution Therefore, study of valuation of home garden based on health cost must be done. This research was conducted to determine the value of home garden type of green open space based on health cost approach and to determine the public perception of the existence of the home garden. The results could be useful for the society and goverment in spatial management. This research also provides information to the public about the economic value of home garden so that the existence of the home garden can be maintained. The research was conducted in July - August 2012 in Gunung Putri village, Gunung Putri subdistrict, Bogor regency. The research was conducted through interview with respondents about the costs to be incurred due to air pollution.This fee are the cost of medical treatment and the cost of prevention disease and reduced income due to air pollution. The reseach showed that the home garden is Gunung Putri Village was able to provide benefit cost as much Rp 1.863.606 per capita per year. It will continue to increase because the value of these each year will continue to be supplied by home garden to quality of environments. This value indicates the amount of the subsidy cost to be incurred by the government every year. People already know the benefits of being trees in the home garden.This knowledge has not been accompanied by the attitude of the villagers to keep the existence of the home garden.
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Judul: Karakteristik Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH
Abstrak: Carboxymethyl chitosan is chitosan derivative product obtained from chemical modification. CMCh were made by alkalization process and carboxymethylation process. Factors that affect CMCh characteristics were excess sodium hydroxide in alkalization process, ratio between chitosan and monochloroacetic acid, and carboxymethylation temperature. The objectives of this research were to study the NaOH effect to CMCh characteristics, to learn process of making CMCh, to set the proper concentration of NaOH, and to analyze CMCh characteristics. CMCh yields were 110.72%-114.22%. CMCh pH value were 3.74-4.31. The optimum NaOH concentration to obtain the best CHCh was 10 M. Percentage of CMCh moisture content was 10.70%-11.42%. Ash content and nitrogen content of CMCh were 0.49%-0.50% and 4.52%-4.81%. CMCh viscousity was 8.25 cps. Percentage of CMCh solubility was 61.61%-91.50%. The different functional groups from chitosan which observed in CMCh were C=O group, CH group from alkene functional group, C−O group, and C−O−C group.
Keyword: solubility., functional group, CMCh characteristics, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan