Judul: Strategi konsumsi dan investasi optimal untuk kelas fungsi utilitas
Abstrak: Karya ilrniah ini mempelajari strategi konsumsi dan investasi yang optimal dari seorang individu dalam rangka rnemaksimurnkan tingkat kepuasan yang diukur dengan fingsi utilitas konsumsi. Fungsi utilitas konsumsi yang dipelajari terdiri atas tiga model dan diformulasikan dengan program dinamis waktu diskret. Penyelesaian pernasalahan dikejakan dengan menggunakan prinsip keoptimalan Bellman. Telah dapat ditunjukkan bahwa strategi konsumsi yang optimal bagi seorang individu adalah berupa fungsi linear dari kekayaan. Sedangkan strategi investasi yang optimalnya adalah tidak tergantung terhadap jumiah kekayaan yang dimiliki, pendapatan nonkapital maupun tingkat ketidaksabaran untuk mengkonsurnsi, melainkan tergantung pada harapan dari keuntungan atau sebaran peluang relurn, tingkat suku bunga, serta fungsi utiiitas konsumsi individu pada satu periode. Dengan demikian seorang individu akan rnenginvestasikan kapital yang dimilikinya setelah syarat konsumsi yang dibutuhkan terpenuhi. Sehingga dapat dikatakan sebagai tindakan memaksimumkan peluang tingkat pertumbuhan dari kekayaan.
Keyword: 

Judul: Determination of Optimal Solutions for the Allocation of Wealth into Consumption and Investment. Supervised
Abstrak: Kehidupan manusia sangat berkaitan dengan masalah ekonomi yang dilakukan sepanjang hayatnya. Kegiatan tersebut berupa pengelolaan keuangan untuk konsumsi dan investasi dari kekayaan yang dimilikinya. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah bagaimana mengoptimalkan alokasi kekayaan untuk konsumsi dan investasi sehingga memaksimalkan fungsi utilitasnya. Dengan menentukan model persamaan anggaran dari individu, dapat ditentukan sebuah formulasi pengalokasian kekayaan individu untuk konsumsi dan investasi yang optimal. Fungsi utilitas yang digunakan adalah CRRA (Constant Relative Risk Aversion). Hasil dari pengalokasian kekayaan yang optimal akan berdampak pada peningkatan konsumsi apabila besarnya kekayaan individu meningkat. Sedangkan untuk investasi, alokasi kekayaan untuk investasi dipengaruhi oleh besarnya return dan volatilitas dari aset. Semakin besar nilai return, investasi semakin meningkat. Apabila nilai volatilitas aset tinggi, investasi turun akibat pergerakan aset yang semakin tidak pasti
Keyword: 

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
Keyword: