Judul: Sorghum Bagasse Particleboard Bonded by Bio-Adhesive with Nano-Catalyst Addition
Abstrak: Pengembangan papan partikel bagas sorgum menggunakan perekat hayati dengan penambahan nanokatalis berpotensi menghasilkan papan partikel ramah lingkungan dengan sifat fisis-mekanis yang lebih baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan papan partikel berbahan baku biomassa bagas sorgum dan perekat hayati molase-asam sitrat dengan penambahan nanokatalis seng oksida (ZnO) dan grafena oksida (GO). Papan partikel dibuat dengan kerapatan target 0,8 g/cm3, berukuran 35 x 35 x 0,6 cm3 dan dikempa panas pada suhu 200 ○C selama 10 menit dengan tekanan 10 MPa. Sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis papan partikel dievaluasi menggunakan standar JIS A 5908-2003. Papan partikel berperekat molase-asam sitrat dengan penambahan nanopartikel ZnO merupakan perlakuan terbaik pada penelitian ini. Papan partikel molase-asam sitrat ZnO memiliki kerapatan sebesar 0,79 g/cm3, kadar air sebesar 6,22%, pengembangan tebal sebesar 6,49%, modulus of rupture sebesar 127,16 kgf/cm2 dan keteguhan rekat sebesar 2,26 kgf/cm2. Sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel molase-asam sitrat ZnO telah memenuhi standar JIS A 5908-2003. Berdasarkan hasil analisis FTIR diketahui bahwa pada papan partikel bagas sorgum berperekat hayati dengan penambahan nanopartikel telah terbentuk ikatan ester., The development of sorghum bagasse particleboard using bio-adhesive with the addition of nanocatalysts has the potential to produce environmentally friendly particleboard with better physical-mechanical properties. This study aims to develop particleboard made from sorghum bagasse biomass and molasses-citric acid bio-adhesive with the addition of zinc oxide (ZnO) and graphene oxide (GO) nanocatalysts. The particleboard was made with a target density of 0.8 g/cm3, 35 x 35 x 0,6 cm3 in dimensions and hot pressed at 200 °C for 10 minutes under 10 MPa pressure. The physical and mechanical properties of the particleboard were evaluated using the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Particleboard bonded with molasses-citric acid with ZnO nanoparticles addition was the best treatment in this study. The molasses-citric acid ZnO particleboard has density value of 0.79 g/cm3, moisture content value of 6.22%, thickness swelling value of 6.49%, modulus of rupture value of 127.16 kgf/cm2 and a internal bonding value of 2.26 kgf/cm2. The physical and mechanical properties of molasses-citric acid ZnO particleboard have satisfied the JIS A 5908-2003 standard. Based on the results of FTIR analysis, it is known that the bio-adhesive sorghum bagasse particleboard with the addition of nanoparticles has formed ester bonds.
Keyword: citric acid, molasses, graphene oxide, sorghum bagasse, zinc oxide

Judul: Papan Partikel Dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Perekat Asam Sitrat dan Molase
Abstrak: Pelepah kelapa sawit merupakan biomassa kelapa sawit yang biasanya tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal, pelepah kelapa sawit memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan papan partikel dan ketersediannya yang cukup melimpah.Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan papan partikel yang ramah lingkungan tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya. Selain itu, menganalisis pengaruh kadar perekat dengan menggunakan asam sitrat dan molase terhadap karakteristik sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel. Papan dibuat dengan kerapatan target 0,8 g/cm³ dan ukuran 30 x 30x 0,6 cm menggunakan kempa panas suhu 200°C selama 10 menit dengan tekanan 5 Mpa. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel mengacu pada standar SNI 03-2105-2006 (kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap air, pengembangan tebal, MOE, MOR, dan keteguhan rekat). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan kadar perekat berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel Semakin tinggi kadar perekat yang ditambahkan mampu meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis pada papan plafon yang dibuat., Palm fronds are palm biomass that is usually not used optimally, palm fronds have lignocellulose content that has the potential to be used as a particleboard and its availability is quite abundant. This study aims to produce environmentally friendly particle boards without the use of harmful chemicals. In addition, it analyzes the effect of adhesive levels using citric acid and molasses on the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards. The board was made with a target density of 0,8 g/cm³ and a size of 30 x 30x 0,6 cm using a heat felt of 200°C for 10 minutes with a pressure of 5 Mpa. Testing of the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards refers to the standard SNI 03-2105-2006 (density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, MOE, MOR, and internal bounding). The results of this research show that the adhesive content has a significant effect on the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of composite ceiling boards. The higher the adhesive content added is able to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the ceiling board made.
Keyword: adhesive content, citric acid, molasses, palm fronds, particle board

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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