Judul: Development of Non-Destructive Quality Testing of Corn (Zea mays) Seeds Using Acoustic Methods
Abstrak: Pengujian mutu benih dapat dilakukan secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Pengujian mutu secara tidak langsung dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode akustik (gelombang berdiri) dengan mengukur kemampuan benih menyerap gelombang bunyi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode tidak langsung dan nondestruktif pengujian mutu vigor dan kadar air (KA) benih jagung berdasarkan absorpsi gelombang bunyi menggunakan metode gelombang berdiri. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari˗Maret 2023 di Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Benih dan Laboratorium Fisika Lanjut, IPB Dramaga, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktor tunggal. Percobaan pertama dilakukan untuk memilih kombinasi jumlah benih (90; 120; 150 butir) dan 10 frekuensi (1275-5100 Hz, kelipatan 425 Hz) terbaik berdasarkan nilai koefisien absorpsi benih sebagai acuan percobaan selanjutnya. Percobaan kedua dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan faktor KA (8,7%; 12,1%; dan 13,8%) dan frekuensi terpilih. Percobaan ketiga dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan frekuensi terpilih dan tingkat vigor benih yang diperoleh dari pengusangan cepat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi 150 butir dan frekuensi terpilih 3400; 3825; 4250 Hz merupakan hasil terbaik untuk digunakan pada percobaan selanjutnya. Metode gelombang berdiri dapat membedakan tingkat KA 8,7% dan 13,8%, serta membedakan tingkat vigor benih jagung dengan tolok ukur radicle emergence pada frekuensi 3825 Hz. Metode tersebut dipengaruhi oleh ketebalan, densitas, dan susunan posisi benih., Seed quality testing can be conducted through direct and indirect methods. The indirect method can be conducted by acoustic methods (standing wave) which measures the sound wave absorption capacity of seeds. This study aimed to develop an indirect and non-destructive method for testing the quality of vigor and moisture content (MC) of corn seeds based on the absorption of sound waves using the standing wave method. The research was conducted from January to March 2023 at the Seed Storage and Testing Laboratory and Advanced Physics Laboratory, IPB Dramaga, West Java. This study used a single factor, Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The first experiment was conducted to choose the best combination of seed bulk (90; 120; 150 seeds) and 10 frequencies (1275-5100 Hz, the multiple of 425 Hz) based on the seed absorption coefficient to be used for the next experiments. The second experiment was carried out with the combination of MC (8.7%; 12.1%; 13.8%) and chosen frequencies. The third experiment was conducted within the combination of chosen frequencies and seed vigor levels obtained from accelerated aging. The result showed that the combination of 150 seeds and 3400; 3825; and 4250 Hz of chosen frequencies was the best result to be used for further experiments. The standing wave method could distinguish between 8.7% and 13.8% of MC levels, and distinguish the vigor level of corn seeds with the radicle emergence benchmark at 3825 Hz of frequency. This method is influenced by the thickness, density, and the formation of seed bulk
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Judul: Development of Seed Vigour Test with Radicle Emergence for IPB Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) using Digital Image Processing
Abstrak: Seiring dengan berkembangnya teknologi, kemajuan pengujian benih juga ikut mengalami peningkatan. Salah satu implementasi teknologi dalam pengujian benih adalah dengan menggunakan pengolahan citra digital. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji cepat vigor dengan metode pemunculan radikula (Radicle Emergence) pada benih jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) koleksi IPB dengan menggunakan pengolahan citra digital. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Mutu Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura (AGH), Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan empat ulangan. Benih jagung manis diperoleh dari koleksi Divisi Pemuliaan Tanaman IPB. Pengamatan dimulai jam 58 hingga 74 jam setelah pengecambahan. Terdapat empat kategori panjang radikula yang digunakan, yaitu kriteria panjang radikula ≥ 1 mm, panjang radikula ≥ 2 mm, panjang radikula ≥ 50% panjang benih, dan panjang radikula ≥ panjang benih. Persamaan yang diperoleh dari analisis regresi belum dapat digunakan untuk menduga RE pada benih jagung manis dengan indeks vigor sangat rendah dengan tingkat viabilitas sedang. Periode pengecambahan 60 sampai 64 jam dapat digunakan sebagai acuan awal untuk pengembangan metode uji cepat radicle emergence menggunakan pengolahan citra digital., Along with the development of technology, the progress of seed testing has also increased. One of the technology implementations in seed testing is to use digital image processing. The aim of the study was to develop a vigor rapid test method using the radicle emergence method on IPB sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) seeds using digital image processing. The study was conducted at the Seed Storage and Quality Testing Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (AGH), Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University from January to May 2023. This study used a randomized complete block design with four replications. Sweet corn seeds were obtained from the collection of the Plant Breeding Division of IPB. Observations began 58 to 74 hours after germination. There are four categories of radicle length used, namely the criteria for radicle length ≥ 1 mm, radicle length ≥ 2 mm, radicle length ≥ 50% of seed length, and radicle length ≥ seed length. Based on the results of the correlation analysis, the RE percentage values in the four categories of radicle length produced had a significant correlation with the vigor index (IV) benchmark. The equations obtained from the regression analysis cannot be used to predict RE in sweet corn seeds with a very low vigor index and moderate viability. The germination period of 60 until 64 hours can be used as an initial reference for developing radicle emergence (RE) rapid test methods using digital image processing.
Keyword: germination period, ImageJ, percentage of radicula growth amount, radicle length, strain

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology