Judul: Aplikasi Bacillus sp. untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pertumbuhan dan Mengurangi Ketidakseragaman Ukuran pada Pemeliharaan Larva Ikan Patin (Pangasionodon hypophthalamus)
Abstrak: Salah satu permasalahan utama pada pembenihan ikan patin (Pangsionodon hypophthalamus) adalah ketidakseragaman ukuran benih yang dihasilkan, hal ini dapat menimbulkan kanibalisme dan ketidakefisienan produksi. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan, aplikasi probiotik merupakan alternatif untuk mengurangi fenomena tersebut. Penelitian ini berfokus pada aplikasi probiotik Bacillus sp. pada pemeliharaan larva ikan patin. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Percobaan dilakukan untuk menguji kontrol (K), bioenkapsulasi Bacillus pada pakan alami (artemia) (A), serta bioenkapsulasi Bacillus pada pakan alami (artemia) dan introduksi pada media pemeliharaan (B). Penelitian dilakukan pada akuarium dengan volume air 25 l, yang dipertahankan pada suhu 30°C dan terus menerus diberi cahaya. Kepadatan ikan yaitu 200 ekor larva per akuarium dan dipelihara selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan, bahwa pengayaan artemia oleh Bacillus sp. dan introduksi pada media pemeliharaan (B) menghasilkan larva dengan performa pertumbuhan dan koefisien keragaman benih yang lebih baik (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.
Keyword: Bacillus, larva patin, probiotik

Judul: Aplikasi Mannanoligosakarida dan Bacillus NP5 terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Respons Imun Benih Ikan Patin (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) yang Diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Salah satu permasalahan dalam budidaya ikan patin adalah tingkat kematian larva hingga benih yang cukup tinggi yakni mencapai 40-80% yang diakibatkan oleh serangan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Salah satu alternatif preventif dan ramah lingkungan dibutuhkan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, misalnya menggunakan prebiotik, probiotik dan sinbiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian prebiotik mannanoligosakarida (MOS) dan probiotik Bacillus NP5 terhadap pertumbuhan dan respons imun benih ikan patin yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila. Penelitian terdiri atas empat perlakuan yakni kontrol (tanpa pemberian prebiotik dan probiotik), prebiotik MOS, probiotik NP5, dan kombinasi keduanya. Larva ikan patin dengan bobot rata-rata 1.09±0.05 mg dan panjang rata-rata 0.54±0.01 cm dipelihara dengan padat tebar 150 ekor/akuarium. Ikan diberi pakan Artemia sp. dan pakan buatan yang telah diperkaya dengan prebiotik MOS, probiotik NP5, dan kombinasi keduanya selama 28 hari kemudian diuji tantang dengan bakteri A. hydrophila. Parameter yang diamati selama penelitian meliputi tingkat kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan harian, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak, jumlah konsumsi pakan, total kelimpahan bakteri, koefisien keragaman, aktivitas fagositosis, dan respiratory burst. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian mannanoligosakarida dan Bacillus NP5 dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons imun benih ikan patin yang diinfeksi bakteri A. hydrophila dengan hasil terbaik pada perlakuan kombinasi keduanya.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus NP5, mannanoligosakarida (MOS), Pangasianodon hypophthalmus

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite