Judul: Struktur komunitas berudu anura di Sungai Cibeureum Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Anura is an order of amphibians that experiencing changes in body shape from the its larval stage to reach young stage, call as metamorphosis. One of the phases in the life on anuran is the tadpole stage, which is part of the most complex process of amphibian evolution. Tadpoles live in different habitats with its adult, such as in rivers, swamps, puddles and pools. The use of various types of habitats can affect the structure of tadpole communities. The purpose of this study was to identify and measure: a) the composition and diversity or Anuran species on various microhabitat characteristics, b) the correlation between the anuran tadpoles community structure tadpoles with microhabitat characteristics, and c) differences of stages of age class found in two different seasons. Data was collected in December 2008, followed by July to November 2009 in Cibeureum stream, Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park, West Java. Quantitative sampling of amphibian larvae was carried out on along the 224 m transect. Data collected includes species identification, the number of tadpoles of each plot, the encounter time, the location of tadpoles, tadpole total length (TL), tadpoles growth stage, and environmental data (weather conditions, temperature, air humidity, depth of river, substrate, dominant vegetation, water flow velocity , water temperature and pH). Tadpoles found in the Cibeureum stream were Megophrys montana (Megophrydae), Leptophryne cruentata (Bufonidae), Rhacophorus margaritifer (Rhacophoridae), and Huia masonii (Ranidae). The most commonly found is Leptophryne cruentata (37.13%), while the least found is the Huia masonii (0.07%). Based on observation, types of microhabitat can be grouped into torrents, riffles and shingle areas. Tadpoles were only found in riffles and shingle areas. Results of linear regression test showed that the microhabitat variables did not significantly affect the presence of tadpoles Rhacophorus margaritifer, Leptophryne cruentata and Megophrys montana. Most tadpoles were found in stage 25. The dominant stage of tadpole found were in Gosner growth stage 24-48 (no foot) for both dry and wet season, which indicated that the frogs in the Cibeureum stream reproduce throughout the year.
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Judul: Peluang Hidup Telur dan Berudu Katak Pohon Jawa Rhacophorus margaritifer Schlegel 1837 di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede-Pangrango Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Javan tree frog (Rhacophorus margaritifer) is an endemic species found in Java Island. The presence of javan tree frog habitat is threatened by the destruction of its habitats because of human activities such as forest encroachment and illegal felling of trees. This frog species is threatened not only during adults but also during tadpole phase. High chances of survival from tadpoles into frogs will sustain the existence of this species in its habitats. The purpose of this study was to see the percentage of eggs survived in natural habitats and the survivalof R. margaritifer tadpoles in translocation habitat to reach metamorphosis. Additional purpose is also to analyze the microhabiotat of of R. margaritifer eggs and tadpoles in Mount Gede-Pangrango National Park (MGPNP). Eggs and tadpoles data in natural habitats was collected from Cibeureum area. Translocation of tadpoles were carried out in Ciwalen and Cibodas in the Mount Gede- Pangrango National Park. Data collected includes number of successful and failed eggs hatched into tadpoles, the percentage of tadpole that survive in each stage of metamorphosis , habitat characteristics (water temperature, water quality, air temperature, substrate), and the total area of habitat and density of tadpoles in its natural habitat. The percentage of R. margaritifer eggs becoming tadpoles was high in their natural habitat, however in two occasions the survival was nil since all eggs decayed and failed to become tadpoles due to extreme temperature conditions. Based on observation, the survival probability of R. margaritifer tadpoles in age class I (st 25) to age class II (st 26-30) was only by 0.4 and continued to decline in subsequent age classes in following orders 0.26 (stage 31-40), 0.2 (stage 41-45) and 0.18 (stage 46). This indicated that tadpoles in its early growth phase are susceptible to death. Eggs clutch of R. margaritifer in their natural habitat at the MGPNP was found on water plants such as kecubung (Brugmansia suaveolens) and babakoan (Eupatorium sordidum) which situated above the flowing river. Tadpoles usually found in temporary pool or on the banks of the river basin with main substrate of mud. The average of diameter of the pools was approximately 150 cm, with average depth of less than 20 cm. The highest density of tadpoles found in its natural habitat is in Curug III (120 ind/m3 ) and the lowest is in the Curug I pool (3 ind/m3).
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Judul: Pengaruh pemanasan terhadap kerusakan minyak sawit dan minyak kedelai kasar
Abstrak: Pemanasan minyak pada suhu tinggi dapat mengakibat- berbagai perubahan dan kerusakan dalam minyak kan tersebut, terutama asam lemak dan zat gizi di dalamnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan memberikan pemanasan terhadap minyak sawit dan kedelai kasar pada kisaran suhu 120-220 °C dengan interval 20 °C, selama 30 dan 60 menit, dalam rangka melihat tingkatan kerusakan sifat fisiko- kimia minyak kasar yang mengalami berbagai pemanasan. Lama pemanasan mempercepat kerusakan yang terjadi pada minyak. Hal ini dapat ditunjukkan pada pembentukan peroksida maksimum pada suhu yang lebih rendah untuk pemanasan lebih lama. Kandungan peroksida awal minyak sawit sebesar 3.654 meq/kg, pada pemanasan selama 30 menit tercapai maksimum pada suhu 200 °C, yaitu 6.731 meq/kg, kemudian pada 220 °C turun menjadi 5.822 meq/kg. Sedangkan pada pemanasan selama 60 menit, titik maksimum terjadi pada 180 °C yaitu sebesar 8.619 meq/kg, kemudian turun sampai 7.263 meq/kg pada 220 °C. Demikian juga halnya dengan minyak kedelai, kandungan peroksida awalnya sebesar 7.959 meq/kg. Pada pemanasan selama 30 menit belum mencapai titik penurunan, yaitu sebesar 7.959 meq/kg untuk 220 °C. Sedangkan pada pemanasan 60 menit,...
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