Judul: Antioxidant Capacity and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Assay from Fractionation of Aromatic Ginger (Kaempferia galanga) In Vitro, Antioxidant Capacity and Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Assay from Fractionation of Aromatic Ginger (Kaempferia galanga) In Vitro
Abstrak: Obesitas merupakan kondisi akumulasi lemak berlebih di dalam jaringan yang menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan dan memicu inflamasi. Orlistat merupakan obat yang digunakan untuk pengobatan obesitas, namun memiliki efek berbahaya. Kaempferia galanga dilaporkan berperan sebagai obat antiobesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total, kapasitas antioksidan, serta aktivitas inhibisi lipase pankreas ekstrak kasar dan hasil fraksinasi kencur secara in vitro. K. galanga diekstraksi menggunakan metode sonikasi pelarut etanol 70% dan dilanjutkan fraksinasi menggunakan n-heksana, kloroform, etil asetat, dan air. Kemudian, dilakukan uji kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total, kapasitas antioksidan, serta aktivitas inhibisi lipase pankreas. Hasil kadar fenolik total tertinggi pada fraksi air (53,44 mg GAE/g ekstrak). Fraksi etil asetat mengandung kadar flavonoid total tertinggi (185,16 mg QE/g ekstrak). Ekstrak kasar memiliki kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi pada DPPH dan FRAP, berturut-turut sebesar 866,84 mg TE/g ekstrak dan 231,42 mg TE/g ekstrak. Aktivitas penghambatan lipase pankreas ekstrak kasar (92,40%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan orlistat (88,46%). Senyawa fenolik dan kapasitas antioksidan berkorelasi kuat terhadap inhibisi lipase pankreas., Obesity is a condition where excess fat accumulates in the tissues which causes health problems and triggers inflammation. Orlistat is a drug used to treat obesity, but it has adverse effects. Kaempferia galanga is reported to act as an anti-obesity drug. This study aimed to determine total phenolic and flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity from fractionation and crude extract of aromatic ginger in vitro. K. galanga was extracted using sonication method with 70% ethanol and continued with fractionation using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and water. The test results for the highest total phenolic content were in water fraction (53,44 mg GAE/g extract). The ethyl acetate fraction contained the highest total flavonoid content (185,16 mg QE/g extract). The crude extract had the highest antioxidant capacity of DPPH and FRAP, respectively 866,84 and 231,42 mg TE/g extract. The pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of crude extract (92,40%) was higher than orlistat (88,46%). Phenolic and antioxidant capacity were strongly correlated with pancreatic lipase inhibition.
Keyword: antioxidant, aromatic ginger, pancreas lipase, phytochemicals, obesity

Judul: Antioxidant Capacity and Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase Results from In vitro Fractionation of Citronella (Cymbopogon Nardus)
Abstrak: Obesitas memiliki faktor risiko yang tinggi dan dapat ditangani dengan menghambat enzim lipase pankreas. Obesitas memicu stres oksidatif yang dapat dicegah dengan antioksidan oleh senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Serai wangi (Cymbopogon nardus) belum diketahui potensi fraksinasinya sebagai inhibitor lipase pankreas secara in vitro. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari fraksi terbaik pada kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total serta kapasitas antioksidan dan inhibisi lipase pankreas. Serai wangi diekstraksi dengan etanol 70% lalu dilanjutkan fraksinasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksan, kloroform, etil asetat, dan air lalu dihitung rendemennya. Selanjutnya diuji kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total serta kapasitas antioksidan dari metode DPPH dan FRAP, lalu diuji daya inhibisi terhadap lipase pankreas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar fenolik total tertinggi terdapat pada fraksi air, kadar flavonoid total pada fraksi kloroform, kapasitas antioksidan metode DPPH dan FRAP pada fraksi etil asetat. Penghambatan lipase pankreas baik ekstrak kasar, fraksi, ataupun orlistat tidak berbeda nyata. Perbedaan kepolaran berpengaruh pada tiap uji karena afinitas yang berbeda terhadap sifat kepolaran, Obesity has a high risk factor and can be treated by inhibiting the pancreatic lipase enzyme. Obesity triggers oxidative stress which can be prevented by antioxidants by phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) has no known fractionation potential as an inhibitor of pancreatic lipase in vitro. This research aimed to find the best fraction for total phenolic and flavonoid levels as well as antioxidant capacity and pancreatic lipase inhibition. Citronella was extracted with 70% ethanol then continued with multilevel fractionation with the solvent n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water and then the yield was calculated. Next, total phenolic and flavonoid levels were tested as well as antioxidant capacity from the DPPH and FRAP methods, then the inhibitory power against pancreatic lipase was tested. The results showed that the highest total phenolic content was in the water fraction, total flavonoid content in the chloroform fraction, antioxidant capacity of the DPPH and FRAP methods in the ethyl acetate fraction. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase, whether crude extract, fraction or orlistat, was not significantly different. Differences in polarity affect each test because of different affinities for polar properties.
Keyword: in vitro, serai wangi, lipase pankreas, obesitas

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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