Judul: Kombinasi emulsi dan ultrasonikasi dalam nanoenkapsulasi ibuprofen tersalut polipaduan poli(asam laktat) dan poli(e-kaprolakton)
Abstrak: Polybend of poly(lactid acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone) was used to encapsulate ibuprofen drug. Encapsulationof ibuprofen in micron size have a limited penetration into tissues, therefore, the particle should have nanometer size. Nanoencapsulation of ibuprofen in this experiment was prepared by combining emulsification and ultrasonication in 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The encapsulation efficiency and size increased as the increased duration time of ultrasonication. The efficiency on ultrasonication duration of 30, 45, and 60 minutes were 4.51, 5.01, and 5.99%, respectively the produced capsules diameter ranged between 480 and 950 nm. The best duration of ultrasonication on prepation of nanocapsules was 60 minutes
Keyword: 

Judul: Optimasi dan Evaluasi Mikrokapsul Ibuprofen Tersalut Polipaduan Poliasamlaktat−Lilin Lebah
Abstrak: Microencapsulation is a technique to encapsulate active ingredients by coating materials so called microcapsules. Microencapsulation of drugs in a polymeric matrix can control the release of drugs. In this experiment, microencapsulation of ibuprofen was done by emulsion-solvent evaporation methods. Coating materials used were polyblend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and beeswax due to its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Gelatin was used as an emulsifier. The microencapsulation was carried out in various polyblend compositions of PLA:beeswax (6:4, 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1) and concentrations of emulsifier (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). The encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen was higher than 80% in microcapsule with ratio of polyblend (PLA:beeswax) 9:1. The concentration of emulsifier is not significantly affected by encapsulation efficiency. Percent release of ibuprofen is directly proportional to the encapsulation efficiency. Kinetics of ibuprofen release followed Korsmeyer- Peppas kinetic model with mechanism of drug release based on super case-II transport. The microcapsule particle size ranged from 30 to 180 μm with homogeneous dispersion of the core within the polymeric matrix.
Keyword: 

Judul: Ekologi merak hijau jawa (Pavo muticus muticus) Linnaeus 1758 pada beberapa tipe habitat di Ujung Timur Penyebarannya Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak: Merak hijau jawa merupakan salah satu jenis burung yang dilindungi.di Indonesia berdasarkan SK Mentan No 66/Kpts/Um/2/1973 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 7 tahun 1999. Menurut ICBP (The International Council for Bird Preservation) merak hijau sebagai jenis burung yang tergolong terancam secara keseluruhan (globally threatened) baik populasi maupun habitatnya, sedangkan CITES mencantumkan merak hijau ke dalam Appendix II, merak hijau dari alam tidak bisa langsung diperdagangkan dan BirdLife International (2007) memasukkan golongan burung yang endangered. Tekanan terhadap populasi dan habitat merak hijau jawa sangat besar, sehingga kondisi populasinya menurun pada setiap penyebaran lokalnya, habitatnya terfragmentasi bahkan terisolasi. Tekanan terhadap populasi terutama karena perburuan liar. Namun demikian fakta menunjukan bahwa merak hijau jawa masih ada (exist), hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa burung ini tentunya memiliki strategi ekologi tertentu untuk tetap bertahan hidup di alam pada berbagai tipe habitat.
Keyword: Pavo muticus muticus, Call count transect method, Pavo cristatus, Pavo muticus, Pavo muticus spicifer, Pavo muticus imperator, Pavo muticus muticus, Javan Green Peafowl, East Java