Judul: Projections the Distribution of  Wind Energy Potential in Indonesia Using ScenarioMIP and GeoMIP
Abstrak: Informasi potensi energi angin akibat perubahan di Indonesia sangat penting dalam hal pemanfaatannya sebagai energi terbarukan. Penelitian ini mengkaji besar perubahan potensi energi angin di Indonesia dengan periode lampau (1991-2020) dan akan datang (2030-2060) berdasarkan ScenarioMIP dan GeoMIP dengan Multi Model Ensemble (MME), sehingga dapat memberikan informasi potensi wilayah Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Bayu (PLTB) di Indonesia. Metode koreksi bias distribusi statistik digunakan untuk memperbaiki distribusi kecepatan angin, potensi energi angin yang dilihat dengan kecepatan angin dan besar Wind Power Density (WPD) yang dihitung menggunakan Weibull Parameter dengan skenario SSP 2-4.5, SSP 3-7.0, dan G6Solar untuk gambaran masa depan. Rata-rata kecepatan angin Indonesia digambarkan mengalami penurunan dari 6.65 m/s menjadi 4.79 m/s, 4.65 m/s, dan 5.03 m/s pada SSP2-4.5, SSP 3-7.0, dan G6Solar. Sebanding dengan kecepatan angin, nilai rata-rata WPD Indonesia juga mengalami penurunan dari 312.20 W/m2 menjadi 96.76 W/m2, 96.56 W/m2, dan 194.85 W/m2. Pada ketiga skenario terjadi penurunan persentase potensi energi angin sebesar 28.57%, 30.51%, dan 24.77%. Provinsi yang masih memiliki potensi pengembangan PLTB yaitu NTT, NTB, Sulawesi Tenggara, Sulawesi Selatan, Maluku, Sulawesi Utara, Kepulauan Riau, Jawa Timur, Aceh, Papua Selatan, Papua, NTB, Sulawesi Tenggara., Information on wind energy potential in the future due to climate change in Indonesia is very important in terms of utilizing wind energy as renewable energy. This study examines the magnitude of changes in wind energy potential in Indonesia with the past (1991-2020) and future (2030-2060) periods based on Multi Model Ensemble (MME) of ScenarioMIP and GeoMIP to provide information on the potential area of Wind Power Plant (PLTB) in Indonesia. The statistical distribution bias correction method is used to correct the distribution of wind speed, wind energy potential seen by wind speed and Wind Power Density (WPD) calculated using Weibull Parameters with SSP 2-4.5, SSP 3-7.0, and G6Solar scenarios for the future picture. The average wind speed of Indonesia is depicted to decrease from 6.65 m/s to 4.79 m/s, 4.65 m/s, and 5.03 m/s under SSP2-4.5, SSP 3-7.0, and G6Solar, respectively. Comparable to the wind speed, Indonesia's average WPD also decreased from 312.20 W/m2 to 96.76 W/m2, 96.56 W/m2, and 194.85 W/m2. In the three scenarios there was a decrease in the percentage of wind energy potential by 28.57%, 30.51%, and 24.77%. Provinces that still have the potential to develop wind power plants are NTT, NTB, Southeast Sulawesi, South Sulawesi, Maluku, North Sulawesi, Riau Islands, East Java, Aceh, South Papua, Papua, NTB, Southeast Sulawesi.
Keyword: Wind Speed, SSP2-45, G6Solar, Wind Power Density

Judul: Potential Development of Nano-Hydro Power Plants in Indonesia as a Renewable Alternative Energy
Abstrak: Potensi pengembangan energi terbarukan perlu dieksplorasi lebih jauh melalui analisis berbagai parameter iklim, khususnya terkait proyeksinya di masa depan. Salah satu parameter iklim yang diproyeksikan akan mengalami perubahan di masa yang akan datang ialah curah hujan. Besaran nilai curah hujan harian akan menentukan potensi pengembangan pembangkit listrik tenaga air, salah satunya untuk nano hydro. Pada studi ini, nilai curah hujan harian tahun 2050-2080 diproyeksikan menggunakan tiga luaran model iklim global CMIP6 yaitu ACCESS-ESM1-5, FGOALS-f3-L, dan MIROC-ES2L dengan skenario perubahan iklim, yaitu SSP1.0-2.6. Model CMIP6 dikoreksi terlebih dulu menggunakan koreksi bias statistik. Peningkatan nilai curah hujan harian berdampak pada peningkatan potensi pemanfaatan PLNH di Indonesia. PLNH menjadi salah satu energi alternatif terbarukan yang dapat digunakan untuk pemenuhan energi dengan daya rendah seperti untuk penerangan dan pengisian baterai. Nilai curah hujan harian yang melewati ambang batas 10 mm diakumulasikan guna melihat total daya yang dapat dihasilkan setiap bulannya. Didapati adanya peningkatan nilai akumulasi curah hujan harian pada pemodelan GOALS-f3-L, MIROC-ES2L, dan ACCESS-ESM1-5 yaitu sebesar 11, 52, dan 61%. Besar daya yang dapat dihasilkan tiap bulannya adalah berkisar dari 20 sampai 58 kWh dengan pemodelan ACCESS, 20 sampai 96 kWh dengan pemodelan F-Goals, dan 15 sampai 111 kWh dengan pemodelan MIROC., The potential for developing renewable energy needs to be explored further through the analysis of various climate parameters, particularly related to its projections in the future. One of the climate parameters that is projected to change in the future is rainfall. Daily rainfall value will determine the potential for the development of hydroelectric power plants, one of which is for nano hydro power generator (PLNH). In this study, the daily rainfall values in 2050-2080 were projected under SSP1.0-2.6 scenario using three CMIP6 global climate model outputs, namely ACCESS-ESM1-5, FGOALS-f3-L, and MIROC-ES2L. The outputs of those models were corrected by using statistical bias correction. The increase of daily rainfall expected to increase the potential use of PLNH in Indonesia. PLNH can be a renewable alternative energies that can be used to fulfill low-power energy such as lighting and battery charging. Daily rainfall values exceeding 10 mm threshold were accumulated in order to get the total power that can be generated each month. The result showed an increase in the value of daily rainfall accumulation from the GOALS-f3-L, MIROC-ES2L, and ACCESS-ESM1- 5 modeling outputs by 11, 52, and 61%. The amount of power that can be potentially generated per month is in the range from 20 to 58 kWh in ACCESS, 20 to 96 kWh in F-GOALS, and 15 to 111 kWh in MIROC modeling outputs
Keyword: CMIP6, Curah hujan, nano hidro, energi alternatif terbarukan, Perubahan iklim

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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