Judul: Evaluation of Inverse Distance Weighting Method and Kriging Method in Spatial Mapping of Weather Parameters in Lake Batur Region, Bali
Abstrak: Danau Batur merupakan salah satu danau terbesar di Pulau Bali dan termasuk dalam kategori sebagai danau prioritas nasional. Sehingga pembangunan di kawasan Danau Batur sangat diperhatikan.Proses perencanaan pembangunan Danau Batur memerlukan data cuaca untuk langkah perencanaan yang lebih baik. Namun, ketersediaan data cuaca terbatas dan tergantung pada stasiun pengambil data. Berdasarkan keterbatasan ini, dilakukan metode interpolasi spasial untuk memperkirakan data cuaca di lokasi yang tidak memiliki stasiun pengambil data.Penelitian ini berfokus pada metode interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) dan metode Kriging yang dibandingkan untuk mengetahui meteode terbaik dalam memetakan curah hujan, suhu, dan kelembaban rata-rata bulan Januari 2023 di Danau Batur, Bali. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan metode skalar error seperti Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), dan Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode interpolasi Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) lebih baik dalam memetakan curah hujan dan kelembaban. Sedangkan metode interpolasi Kriging lebih baik dalam memetakan suhu udara. Artinya metode Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) memberikan perkiraan yang lebih akurat untuk curah hujan dan kelembaban, sementara metode Kriging memberikan perkiraan yang lebih akurat untuk suhu udara di Danau Batur, Bali., Lake Batur is one of the largest lakes on the island of Bali and is categorized as a national priority lake. In planning the development of Lake Batur, weather data is required for better planning steps. However, the availability of weather data is limited and depends on the data collection station. Based on this limitation, a spatial interpolation method is performed to estimate weather data in locations that do not have data collection stations. In this study, the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method and the Kriging method were compared to determine the best method for mapping the January 2023 average rainfall, temperature, and humidity at Lake Batur, Bali. The evaluation was conducted using error scalar methods such as Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). The results showed that the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) interpolation method is better at mapping rainfall and humidity. While the Kriging interpolation method is better at mapping air temperature. This means that the IDW method provides more accurate estimates for rainfall and humidity, while the Kriging method provides more accurate estimates for air temperature in Lake Batur, Bali.
Keyword: Batur Lake, IDW, Kriging, Interpolation, Weather

Judul: Spatial Interpolation Using Inverse Distance Weighting on Weather Data for Agroecological Assessment System of Land Suitability for Garlic (INA Agro-Garlic)
Abstrak: Penambahan luas lahan tanam tidak dapat menjaga kenaikan produktivitas bawang putih di Indonesia dalam jangka panjang dengan adanya faktor lain seperti cuaca. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan prediksi nilai cuaca yang tidak teramati di lokasi-lokasi tertentu dalam grid spasial pada sistem INA Agro Garlic menggunakan metode Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW). Metode ini memberikan bobot berdasarkan jarak antara titik pengamatan dan titik prediksi. Algoritma IDW berhasil diterapkan pada variabel curah hujan, suhu, radiasi solar, dan lama penyinaran matahari pada Kabupaten Magelang, Kabupaten Magetan, Kabupaten Karanganyar, dan Kabupaten Lombok Timur. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui tahapan pengumpulan data, praproses data, interpolasi spasial, evaluasi hasil, hingga visualisasi hasil ke dalam dua jenis keluaran, yaitu vektor atau raster. Nilai power yang optimal pada variabel curah hujan dan variabel suhu adalah 1 dengan nilai kesalahan rata-rata MAPE sebesar 19,8% dan 2,9%, sedangkan variabel sinar radiasi dan lama penyinaran matahari optimal pada nilai power 3 dengan nilai kesalahan rata-rata MAPE sebesar 3,8% dan 7,1%. Hasil interpolasi yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpan ke dalam basis data dan digunakan untuk ditarik datanya pada fitur pengisian data cuaca otomatis dalam Sistem Penilaian Agroekologi Kesesuaian Lahan Bawang Putih (INA Agro-Garlic)., The increase in planting area fails to sustain long-term productivity improvement of garlic in Indonesia, due to other factors such as weather. The objective of this research is to obtain predictions of unobserved weather values in specific locations within a spatial grid in the INA-Agro-Garlic system using the Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) method. This method assigns weights based on the distance between observation points and prediction points. The IDW algorithm has been successfully applied to variables such as rainfall, temperature, solar radiation, and sunshine duration in Magelang Regency, Magetan Regency, Karanganyar Regency, and East Lombok Regency. The research includes data collection, data preprocessing, spatial interpolation, result evaluation, and visualization of results into two types of outputs: vector or raster. The optimal power value for rainfall and temperature variables is 1, with MAPE values of 19.8% and 2.9%, while the optimal power value for solar radiation and sunshine duration variables is 3, with MAPE values of 3.8% and 7.1%. The spatial interpolation results can be stored into a database and utilized to retrieve the weather data automatically in the Agroecological Assessment System of Land Suitability for Garlic (INA Agro-Garlic).
Keyword: Garlic, IDW, Land Suitability, Spatial Interpolation, Weather

Judul: Biology Of Columbia Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus Columbus Sher) On Soybean Excised Root Culture
Abstrak: S. Supramana, S. A. Lewis,.J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2001. Biology of Columbia lance nematod. ~ (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher) on soybean excised root culture. Nematropica 31 :283-2~)O. Feeding, egg development and oviposition, embryology, and postembtyonic development or Hoplolaimus col'lmbuswere observed on soybean (cultivar Hutcheson) excised root culture in Gam borg's B5 medium (pH 5.7,1.3% agar). Petri plate sterile cultures were placed inverted on a heated microscope stage (30°C) and observations were conducted using a color video camera and a time lapse digital videoca:;sette recorder. Oocytes were obsetved in each gonad 38 hours after feeding commenced and all egg possessing a terminal stalk was laid 96 hours later. Eggs were deposited it, the one-celled stag~ and a total of 217 hours (9 days) was required for a"newly laid egg to develop into a hatching second-stage juvenile at 30°C. Postembryonic development consisted of threejuvenile stages and an adult female with prior feeding occurring before molts and oviposition. The nematode fed ectoparasiticallyon the subepidermal cells and endoparasitically in the cortex and outer vascular tissue and remained at the infection site for 2·9 days. Key words: Columbia lance nematode, embryology, excised root culture, feeding behavior, HOfilo{aimus columbus, life cycle, oviposition, postembryonic development, soybean.
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