Judul: Pengaruh Cendawan Endofit terhadap Biologi dan Statistik Demografi Wereng Batang Cokelat
Abstrak: Endophytic fungi is an endosymbiont that lives within host plant tissues without causing any visible symptom of disease. This type of fungus are important as mediators in plant-herbivore interactions. Endophytic fungi are known to enhance resistance of host plant against insect herbivores mainly by productions of various alkaloid-based defensive compounds in the plant tissue or through alterations of plant nutritional quality. This study was conducted as an attempt to gain information on the effect of Nigrospora sp4 on the biology and life history of of brown plant hopper (BPH). Nigrospora sp4 culture (in powder form), were provided by Plant Clinic of Bogor Agriculture University, and was used to inoculate the fungi to the rice seeds. The effect of endophyte infected and endophyte-free plants were measured on the survival and development of Nilaparvata lugens Stál, a major pest in rice. Endophyte infected plants showed resistance to N. lugens in the form of significant increase in eggs and early nymphs mortality. Another effect of endophytic fungi which was also observed on this study were nymphal development, life cycle, preovipositional period as well as age at first reproduction. The overall result showed that Nigrospora sp4 has an affect toward population growth of N. lugens in laboratory scale and artificial inoculation of endophytes could be a useful method to protect rice plants from N. Lugens. This result could be used to develop alternative ecologically safe control strategies.
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Judul: Potential of Endophytic Fungi Originated for Rice and Grasses for Controling Brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens (Stal) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).
Abstrak: Wereng cokelat adalah hama padi terpenting di Indonesia. Pengendalian wereng cokelat dapat dikembangkan dengan berbagai metode. Cendawan endofit berpotensi sebagai agen biokontrol serangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi cendawan endofit dalam mengendalikan wereng cokelat. Cendawan endofit diisolasi dari padi dan rumput-rumputan di sekitar Bogor. Sebanyak 12 isolat hasil isolasi, 7 isolat asal padi dan 5 asal rumput-rumputan. Berdasarkan hasil uji patogenisitas, terdapat 5 isolat adalah nonpatogen. Uji selanjutnya dengan menggunakan 4 isolat cendawan endofit, yaitu Acremonium sp., Nigrospora sp.1, Nigrospora sp.2, Nigrospora sp.3. Penggunaan cendawan Nigrospora sp.4 dari koleksi Klinik Tanaman sebagai kontrol positif. Benih padi direndam ke dalam suspensi konidia cendawan endofit selama dua jam dan diperam selama 24 jam. Bibit padi dipindahkan ke ember setelah tanaman berumur 3 minggu setelah semai. Bibit padi disemprot dengan suspensi cendawan endofit seminggu setelah tanam. Tujuh hari setelah inokulasi cendawan endofit, sebanyak 10 nimfa wereng cokelat instar satu diintroduksi ke tanaman padi dan diamati setiap hari selama 7 hari untuk mencatat kelangsungan hidup nimfa. Dalam percobaan lain, 5 pasang wereng cokelat dewasa diintroduksi ke tanaman padi (28 hari setelah tanam) dan diamati setiap minggunya selama 6 minggu. Semua isolat cendawan endofit yang diuji dalam percobaan ini menyebabkan kematian nimfa dan menurunkan populasi wereng cokelat., Brown planthopper (BPH) is the most important rice pest in Indonesia. We developed many methods to control this planthopper. Endophytic fungi have the potential as biocontrol agents of insects. This study aims to determine the potential of endophytic fungi in controlling BPH. Endophytic fungi were collected from rice and grasses in Bogor. A total of 12 isolates were isolated, 7 from rice and 5 from grasses. Based on test, 5 isolates were nonpathogenic. We used 4 of these isolates for the experiments, Acremonium sp., Nigrospora sp.1, Nigrospora sp.2, Nigrospora sp.3. We also used Nigrospora sp.4 from Klinik Tanaman collection as positive control. Rice seeds were dipped in endophytic conidia fungal suspension for two hours, and then ripened for 24 hours. Rice seedlings were transferred to the planting baskets 3 weeks after sowing. Rice seedlings were sprayed with endophytic fungal suspension a week after planted. Seven days after inoculation of endophytic fungi, 10 first-stage BPH nymphs were introduced and observed daily for 7 days to record nymphs survival. In the other experiment, 5 pairs of adult were introduced in to the rice plants (28 days after treatment) and observed weekly for six weeks. All of endophytic fungi isolates tested in these experiments caused nymphs death and population suppression of BPH.
Keyword: biological control, Nigrospora, population, resistent

Judul: Penentuan Posisi Autonomous Underwater Vehicle (AUV) dengan Metode Dead Reckoning
Abstrak: AUV adalah wahana otonom bawah air yang memiliki berbagai sensor untuk akuisisi data. Alat ini dapat memudahkan survey bawah air karena bentuknya yang ringan. Misi AUV dibuat lalu disimpan ke dalam memori AUV. Penyelesaian misi memerlukan sistem navigasi yang akurat. GPS tidak bisa bekerja di dalam air sehingga dibutuhkan metode navigasi selain GPS. Dead reckoning adalah metode penentuan posisi dengan menghitung arah dan gerak AUV. Persamaan model kecepatan konstan digunakan untuk mengestimasi posisi pada saat t. Akurasi metode ini dipengaruhi banyak hal termasuk kesalahan sensor dan kondisi lingkungan. Misi dilakukan dalam 2 jalur berbeda sebanyak 3 kali. Jalur yang memiliki panjang lebih besar mempunyai kesalahan posisi yang tinggi. Ha ini disebabkan galat yang dihasilkan dead reckoning terakumulasi selama misi. Kesalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan memperhitungkan kondisi lingkungan pada program dead reckoning.
Keyword: AUV, DVL, Dead Reckoning, Navigasi