Judul: Perceptions, Atitudes, and Pest Management of the Community in Padang City towards Urban Pest
Abstrak: Seiring meningkatnya jumlah penduduk diperkotaan, pembangunan permukiman juga terus meningkat. Semakin banyak aktivitas manusia di suatu permukiman, maka semakin tinggi pula potensi kehadiran hama di permukiman tersebut. Aktivitas manusia seringkali bersinggungan dengan kehadiran hama di permukiman. Kehadiran hama di permukiman dapat berdampak langsung dan tidak langsung bagi manusia. Dampak langsungnya berupa kerusakan pada rumah, perabot, hingga peralatan rumah tangga lainnya, sedangkan kerusakan tidak langsung berupa peranan hama permukiman sebagai vektor penyakit pada manusia sehingga dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Berkaitan dengan keberadaan hama permukiman tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai persepsi masyarakat terhadap hama permukiman serta metode pengendalian yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Metode penelitian berupa wawancara dengan masyarakat yang berdomisili di Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat. Responden dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan kategori domisili. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat Kota Padang menilai kehadiran hama permukiman cukup meresahkan di lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. Hama permukiman yang paling banyak ditemukan di lingkungan permukiman Kota Padang antara lain nyamuk, semut, tikus, dan kecoa. Sementara itu, hama yang paling banyak dikendalikan adalah nyamuk dan tikus. Tindakan pengendalian hama umumnya dilakukan dengan cara fisik/mekanis, sanitasi lingkungan, dan pengendalian secara kimiawi. Pengendalian secara kimiawi masih menjadi pilihan utama bagi responden., The increasing of human population in urban centers has stimulated the construction of residential areas. The more human activities, the higher the level of pest presence in the settlement. The presence of urban pests might have both direct and indirect impacts on humans. The direct consequence caused damage to houses, furniture, and other household appliances, while the indirect damage is the emergence of health problems causes by pests that caused numerous diseases. This research has conducted through interviews with people who live in Padang City, West Sumatra. Sixty respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method. The perception of the respondent to urban pests is varied, but they commonly say that those pests were quite disturbing in their living environment. The most common urban pests found in residential areas of Padang City are mosquitoes, ants, rats, and cockroaches. The most pest controlled by the respondent are mosquitoes and rats. Pest control management is carried out by physical/mechanical means, environmental sanitation, and chemical control. Chemical control is still the primary choice for respondents.
Keyword: respondents, interview, urban pest control method, respondents, interview, urban pest control method

Judul: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Community towards Urban Pests in Garut Regency, West Java Province
Abstrak: Kawasan yang nyaman dan bersih menjadi sesuatu yang ideal dalam terbentuknya sebuah permukiman. Namun, terdapat beberapa gangguan yang dapat menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan, salah satunya hama permukiman. Hama permukiman dapat menimbulkan berbagai permasalahan, terutama yang berkaitan dengan kesehatan, kenyamanan, dan estetika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi dan melakukan analisis tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan masyarakat Kabupaten Garut terhadap hama permukiman serta mengetahui pengelolaan dan pengendalian hama permukiman pada berbagai pusat perbelanjaan yang ada di Kabupaten Garut. Kegiatan penelitian meliputi penentuan responden sebanyak 68 orang secara acak yang tersebar di empat kecamatan yakni Kecamatan Garut Kota, Karangpawitan, Tarogong Kidul, dan Tarogong Kaler. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur tentang pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan masyarakat terhadap hama permukiman, dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan masyarakat terhadap hama permukiman di Kabupaten Garut berbeda beda. Perbedaan tersebut diakibatkan oleh beragam faktor yang memengaruhinya seperti umur, pendidikan, dan pendapatan. Masyarakat tahu dan menemui berbagai jenis hama permukiman utama seperti nyamuk, kecoa, lalat, rayap dan tikus. Masyarakat mengambil berbagai macam sikap dan tindakan berkaitan dengan kehadiran hama permukiman di sekitar lingkungannya, seperti penggunaan pestisida dan perangkap hama. Pengelolaan dan pengendalian hama permukiman pada pusat perbelanjaan di Kabupaten Garut umumnya telah menggunakan berbagai macam alternatif pengendalian, seperti penggunaan perangkap dan penggunaan jasa pest control., A comfort and clean area is ideal for human settlement in urban areas. However, there are some disturbances that can cause discomfort, one of them is urban pests. Urban pests can cause various problems, especially problems related to health, comfortability, and aesthetics. The aims of this study was to obtain information and perform analysis about knowledge, attitudes, and practices of the community towards urban pests in Garut Regency. The aims was also to obtain information about management and controls of urban pests at shopping centers in Garut Regency. The research activities included determining respondents as many as 68 people randomly spread over four subdistrics namely Garut Kota, Karangpawitan, Tarogong Kidul, and Tarogong Kaler. Data collected through interviews using a structured questionnaire about the knowledge, attitude, and practices of the community towards urban pests. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The results showed that knowledge, attitude, and practice of community towards urban pests in Garut Regency are different. These differences are caused by various influencing factors such as age, education, and income. The respondents knew and encountered various types of urban pests such as mosquitoes, cockroaches, flies, termites and rats. The communities took various attitudes and action related to the presence of urban pests in their surroundings, such as using pesticides and traps. Management and controls of urban pests at shopping centers in Garut Regency have used variety of alternative controls, such as the use of traps and pest control services.
Keyword: Control, Urban pests, Pesticide, Trap

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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