Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Sea cucumber is one of marine species which has high economic values. So far, sea cucumber muscles have been consumed as a high protein source, whereas visceral organs still become wastes. Some researchers have found bioactive compounds in sea cucumber which are potential e.g. antibacterial, antifungal and high steroid hormone substance. Besides as approdisiach, steroid hormone can be used for hormonal sex reversal in aquaculture. This research was conducted to utilize steroid extract from sea cucumber visceral organs for sex reversal in the Guppy and find effective doses. Extraction of steroid from sea cucumber visceral organs was done by percolation technique. The existence of steroid was identified by Lieberman Burchard reagent while it’s concentration is analyzed by HPLC. Steroid extract for sex reversal was assayed to mature brood female Guppy in two techniques; orally technique which doses were 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg feed and dipping technique which doses were 0, 1, 2 and 4 mg/l. Both of them were compared with synthetic hormone as positive control. Data were then analyzed by ANOVA and T test. Crude extract obtained from extraction was 86.384 g from 2.5 kg raw material, steroid extract was 0.762 g, and testosterone concentration was 0.527 μg/mg extract. In orally technique, the highest result was showed by treatment with dose 600 mg/kg where percentage of male was 61.11±9.62%, the number of offspring was 40±28, and survival rate was 99.05±1.65%. In dipping technique, the highest number of offspring was 37±16, showed by treatment with dose 1 mg/l. Treatment with 17 - methyltestosterone concludes that percentage of male was higher than treatment with natural steroid hormone. But, on the other hand, this synthetic hormone can have negative effects by causing fish embryo and fry died so that the number of offspring will be dropped off.
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Judul: Isolation, Characterisation and Biological Activity Test of Sea Cucumber Steroid Compound as Natural Aphrodisiac
Abstrak: Sea cucumber (Holothurian) is one of fisheries commodities which has a high economic value. Generally sea cucumber is traded in the dried form (bechede- mer). Bioactive of sea cucumber, commonly known as holothurin, has drawn attention because of its wide spectrum of biological effects namely antibacterial, antifungal, cytotoxic, haemolytic and anti-inflammation. One of holothurins, steroid compounds, as natural aphrodisiac have not been observed yet. Therefore, the aims of this study were (1) to isolate steroid compounds of sea cucumber and their contents, (2) to characterise the compounds, (3) to know biological activity of the compounds as aphrodisiac, and (4) to do experiment of nanofiltration membrane for initial purification of steroid compounds. Steroid compounds of Holothuria scabra have been originally isolated from Holothurian of Lampung waters using acetone as a solvent. Six steroid fractions were found through thin layer chromatography (TLC) and two fractions have been identified as cholesterol and testosterone with Rf 0.96 and 0.91, respectively. Initial purification used ceramic membrane with MWCO 1000 dalton for filtration process. To better understand biological activity of the steroid, day old chicken (DOC) was used as a test organism. Parameters observed were N absorption, body weight and cap, testes, cholesterol and testosterone concentrations of blood serum. The results clearly demonstrated that sea cucumber Holothuria scabra could be used as a source of aphrodisiac.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular