Judul: Pengaruh Penggunaan Pati Sagu dan Aren (Alami dan HMT) Terhadap Kualitas Tekstur Bakso Sapi
Abstrak: Meatballs are processed food made from meat, starch, and some seasoning as a flavor enhancer. Research done to observe the effect of different starch being used in ingredients to its organoleptic characrteristics. In this study, arenga starch and sago starch were being used and compared with arenga starch and sago starch modified by Heat Moisture Treatment (HMT) method as filler for meatballs. Modified starch with HMT method can alter the physical characteristics, such as starch gelatinization temperature shift, cohesiveness, solulability and hardness. Each of these types of meatballs are distinguished by the use of starch concentration of 5%, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % of the total starch dough. Analysis texture profile conducted using instrumental texture analyzer TA-XT2i and organoleptic (ISO 11036). In addition, Pearson correlation was done to show the relationship of these two analyzes. Texture parameters were measured, among others; hardness, cohesiveness, springiness, chewiness, and gumminess. Both analysis showed that meatballs made of Arenga native starch had the best texture and was the most liked by the panelists. Pearson correlations showed a positive relationship to the parameters of hardness, chewiness, and gumminess, while springiness negatively related
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Sago, Starch, Meatball, HMT, Arenga

Judul: Penggunaan pati sagu termodifikasi dengan heat moisture treatment (HMT) untuk meningkatkan kualitas tekstur bakso daging sapi
Abstrak: Meatball is a common food in Indonesia. It usually uses sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) as its plasticizer. Unfortunately, STPP is a food additive which is strictly regulated by the government because of its chemical hazard. Sago starch, which is modified into type C by heat moisture treatment (HMT), is believed to develop meatball elasticity. The main advantages of using this kind of starch are cheap and have no harm to health. In addition, this sago starch has no peak viscosity and has more gel strength forming ability. This is the suitable starch to produce meatball elasticity. The aim of this research is to find the best formula for meatball by using HMT modified sago starch, so that the meatball could reach its best texture without adding high concentration of STPP. In the preliminary research the sago starch was modified into type C by heat moisture treatment in controlled conditions (1100C, 4 hours, water content of 28%). The main research was carried out and was divided into two parts, the first part was meatball formulation and the second part was meatball physical and chemical characteristics analysis. The results showed that the best formula for meatball was the one that contained 10% of HMT type C sago starch and 0.2% of STPP. It was proven from both penetrometer test and sensory test (rating and ranking hedonic). The penetrometer test showed that the best formula had hardness of 12.5±0.1gf, while rating hedonic and ranking hedonic test showed that the best formula were significally different with the other formulas. TPA test showed that the best formula characteristics were hardness 3510.9±10.4gf, elasticity 96.04±0.05%, cohesiveness 0.873±0.000, stickiness 2608.2±4.4gf, and chewiness 2514.8±14.3gf. The other physical parameters such as shear force were 1253.0±1.4gf, water holding capacity 66.53±1.19%, porosity 55.90±0.10%, and specific mass density 1.05±0.00. Almost all of the results above showed that HMT modified sago starch was effective to improve meatball texture, and therefore could partially substitute STPP in meatball.
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Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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