Judul: Pengaruh Asap Cair dari Proses Pirolisis Tempurung Kelapa terhadap Sabun Cair Cuci Tangan Berbasis Surfaktan Sawit
Abstrak: Penggunaan sabun cair cuci tangan berbahan antibakteri sintetik seperti triclosan sudah mulai dihindari, oleh sebab itu perlu dicari alternatif antibakteri yang aman untuk kulit dan ramah bagi lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif antibakteri yang ramah lingkungan adalah asap cair hasil proses pirolisis dari tempurung kelapa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi asap cair yang tepat untuk sabun cair cuci tangan berbahan surfaktan MES dan gliserol sawit. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis bahan baku, formulasi sabun cair (surfaktan metil ester sulfonat 7,5%, surfaktan dietanolamida 5%, gliserol sawit 9%, natrium klorida 1%, asap cair grade I, dan air distilasi). Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penambahan asap cair grade I sejumlah 1, 3, dan 5%. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia terhadap produk sabun cair yang dihasilkan, uji mutu dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 2588 : 2017, dan uji kinerja produk. Sabun cair dengan penambahan asap cair 1% menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan nilai densitas 1,037 g/cm3, berat jenis 1,04, viskositas 11.560 cP, tegangan permukaan 29,08 dyne/cm, pH 7,2, asam lemak bebas 0,27%, bahan tidak larut dalam etanol 0,14%, total bahan aktif 12,52%, jumlah pelat 990 CFU/g, reduksi koloni 61,13%, dan aroma paling tidak menyengat., The use of synthetic antibacterial liquid hand soap such as triclosan has begun to be avoided. Therefore it is necessary to find an antibacterial alternative that is safe for the skin and friendly to the environment. One of the environmentally friendly antibacterial alternatives is liquid smoke resulting from the pyrolysis process from coconut shells. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right concentration of liquid smoke for liquid hand soap made from palm MES surfactants and glycerol. The stages of the research were raw material analysis, liquid soap formulation (surfactant methyl ester sulfonate 7.5%, surfactant diethanolamine 5%, palm glycerol 9%, sodium chloride 1%, liquid smoke grade I, and distilled water). The treatments in this study were the addition of 1, 3, and 5% grade I liquid smoke. The next stage is an analysis of the physicochemical properties of the resulting liquid hand soap product, quality test was carried out based on SNI 2588: 2017, and product performance test. Liquid soap with the addition of 1% liquid smoke showed the best results with density value of 1.037 g/cm3, specific gravity 1.04, viscosity 11,560 cP, surface tension 29.08 dyne/cm, pH 7.2, free fatty acids 0.27%, ingredients insoluble in ethanol 0.14%, the total active ingredient is 12.52%, the number of plates is 990 CFU/g, the colony reduction is 61.13%, and has the minimal pungent aroma.
Keyword: coconut shell liquid smoke, MES, liquid soap, palm oil, surfactant

Judul: Utilization of Coconut Oil Industrial Liquid  Waste to Become Transparent Solid Soap with Additives Essential Oil Lavender
Abstrak: Limbah cair yang dihasilkan dari proses produksi minyak kelapa di Koperasi W masih memiliki kandungan minyak yang cukup banyak. Minyak dan lemak dalam konsentrasi yang tinggi akan merusak lingkungan terutama pada perairan , hal ini dikarenakan Lapisan minyak dan lemak tersebut akan menghalangi masuknya cahaya matahari sehingga tumbuhan air tidak dapat melakukan fotosintesis. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan pemanfaatan kembali minyak yang terdapat dalam limbah cair untuk mengurangi volume dan dampak negatifnya. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan yaitu dengan memanfaatkan kembali minyak dalam limbah menjadi produk sabun padat transparan dengan penambahan essential oil lavender. Dengan melalui tahap desain keteknikan yaitu fase eksplorasi, pendefenisian masalah, ideasi, prototipe dan validasi maka diracang formulasi sabun padat transparan dengan bahan baku minyak kelapa hasil pemurnian limbah. Hasil analisis keragaman terhadap sabun transparan dengan konsentrasi essential oil lavender yaitu F1 sebanyak 0 ml , F2 sebanyak 0,5 ml dan F3 sebanyak 1 ml pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (α=0,05) menunjukkan bahwa penambahan essential oil lavender berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai pH dan kekerasan dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar air, dan stabilitas busa. Sebanyak 57% Panelis menyatakan lebih menyukai sampel sabun F3 dikarenakan memiliki aroma lavender yang lebih menyengat, halus, dan meninggalkan kesan kesat setelah digunakan. Analisis kelayakan finansial sabun memiliki hasil B/C ratio 1,7 > 1 sehingga projek ini layak untuk dikembangkan., The liquid waste generated from the coconut oil production process at Cooperative W still contains a significant amount of oil. Oil and fats in high concentrations can have detrimental effects on the environment, particularly in aquatic ecosystems. This is due to the fact that the layer of oil and fats can obstruct the penetration of sunlight, thereby inhibiting aquatic plants from engaging in photosynthesis. Consequently, there is a pressing need to effectively repurpose the oil present within the liquid waste in order to diminish both its volume and its associated negative impact. One viable approach to achieving this objective entails the reutilization of the oil within the waste stream to produce solid transparent soap, complemented by the addition of lavender essential oil. By proceeding through the stages of engineering design, namely the exploration phase, problem definition, ideation, prototyping, and validation, a formulation for solid transparent soap has been meticulously devised, incorporating refined coconut oil obtained from waste as a fundamental raw material. The outcomes of a variance analysis on the transparent soap, varying in concentrations of lavender essential oil (referred to as F1 with 0 ml, F2 with 0.5 ml, and F3 with 1 ml), at a 95% confidence level (α=0.05), affirm that the addition of lavender essential oil significantly influences both pH levels and hardness, while exerting no statistically significant impact on moisture content and foam stability. A notable 57% of the panelists expressed a preference for the F3 soap sample. This preference arises from its pronounced, refined lavender aroma, which culminates in a smooth and refreshing sensation upon application. A financial feasibility analysis of the soap project reveals a B/C ratio of 1.7, exceeding the threshold of 1. Consequently, this project is deemed economically viable for further development.
Keyword: Essential oil lavender, limbah cair, minyak, sabun padat transparan

Judul: Query Expansion based on Bilingual Dictionary Using Conditional Probability
Abstrak: Query expansion is a technique that can be used to bridge vocabulary gaps between queries and documents in the collection. With query expansion, user will be helped to formulate queries well so that user will optimize the search result. In this study, the expansion term was resulted from the translation of bilingual dictionary. Subsequently, several terms of expansion were elected based on the closeness of its relationship with the original query. This research showed that conditional probability can be used to select expansion term in bilingual translation method query expansion. The result of 1000 documents was more than 97% relevan document can be retrieved by this system. The more expansion term used, the larger number relevan document was retrieved.
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