Judul: Desugarisasi Tetes Tebu dengan Menggunakan Resin Amberlite Ir - 120
Abstrak: Tetes tebu sebagai salah satu hasil samping pabrik gula mempunyai kandungan gula sekitar 60 persen bahan kering, sehingga memungkinkan untuk diolah menjadi gula kembali .
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Judul: Pengusahaan Tanaman Tebu di Pabrik Gula Kebon Agung Malang
Abstrak: Gula merupakan salah satu dari sembilan bahan pokok adalah suatu komoditi penting yang selalu diperhatikan oleh pemerintah. Walaupun bukan tebu saja sebenarnya yang bisa menghasilkan gula tetapi lebih dari separuh produksi gula dunia berasal dari tebu (Sudiatso, 1980). Sebelum perang dunia II Indonesia merupakan negara pengekspor gula terbesar dengan produksi hampir 3 juta ton per tahun pada tahun 1930. Tetapi kemudian merosot akibat sulitnya pemasaran dan kerusakan pabrik akibat perang dunia dan perang kemerdekaan Indonesia (Barnes, 1954). Konsumsi gula di Indonesia hanya 10.5 kg/kapita/tahun (1979) dan diperkirakan 13.1 kg/kapita/tahun pada tahun 1985, masih sangat rendah bila dibandingkan dengan negara maju yang mencapai 45-50 kg/kapita/tahun. Sejak tahun 1967 Indonesia telah mengimpor gula. Tahun 1979 sebanyak 340 ribu ton dan tahun 1980 sebanyak 466 340 ton gula (Hadisaputro, 1981). Pada tahun mendatang dipastikan jumlah konsumsi gula di Indonesia akan meningkat sebab peningkatan jumlah penduduk, bertambahnya pendapatan per kapita, dan kemungkinan perubahan pola konsumsi masyarakat. Oleh karena itu peningkatan produksi gula diperlukan baik melalui intensifikasi, ekstensifikasi ataupun rehabilitasi. Di bidang intensifikasi dikembangkan Tebu Rakyat Intensifikasi, dibidang ekstensifikasi dikembangkan pabrik-pabrik gula baru
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates