Judul: Pendugaan erosi sakala daerah aliran sungai bedasarkan erosi pada lahan, Prediction of watershed scale erosion base on field scale erosion
Abstrak: Penelitian Pendugaan Erosi Skala Daerah Aliran Sungai telah dilaksanakan pada tanah Dystrudepts di Sukaresmi (Cipanas) dan sub DAS Tugu Urata (Ciliwung Hulu) di daerah Puncak, Jawa Barat. Penelitian erosi skala petak dimulai bulan September 1998 sampai Juli 1999 pada tanah Dystrudepts di Sukaresmi (Cipanas), dan penelitian skala DAS muali bulan Agustus 2000 samapai Februari 2001 di sub DAS Tugu Utara (Ciliwung Hulu).
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Judul: Erosi potensial dan prediksi erosi di Das Citarum, Sub-Das Saguling bagian hilir Kabupaten Bandung-Jawa Barat menurut metode usle (Universal soil loss equation)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini diawali dengan pembuatan peta kerja, pengambilan contoh tanah, pengukuran permeabilitas, analisa C-organik dan terakhir dilakukan analisa tekstur. Bahan yang dipakai ialah data curah hujan dari stasiun Saguling, peta topografi skala 1: 25 000, peta tanah skala 1: 250 000. Pengambilan contoh tanah dengan menggunakan metode Grid sebanyak 41 contoh tanah dengan kerapatan 2 per Km. Untuk menentukan faktor erodibilitas tanah dan faktor kemiringan dan panjang lereng menggunakan persamaan yang dikemukakan oleh Wischmeier dan Smith (1978), faktor erosivitas tanah menggunakan persamaan Bols (1978) dan menentukan IBE menggunakan persamaan Hammer (1981). Daerah penelitian mempunyai nilai K rendah yang paling tinggi. Nilai K tinggi dijumpai pada tanah-tanah yang mempunyai kandungan bahan organik rendah, liat sedang, debu tinggi dan pasir rendah, sedangkan K rendah dijumpai pada tanah-tanah yang mempunyai kandungan bahan organik tinggi, liat tinggi, debu rendah dan pasir tinggi. Faktor LS di tempat penelitian baik tinggi maupun rendah belum tentu dapat digunakan untuk menentukan besarnya erosi, hal ini disebabkan karena penentuan nilai LS masih tergantung dengan kondisi-kondisi setempat dimana pengukuran dilakukan. Faktor erosivitas hujan dalam penelitian ini dihitung selama 6 tahun, hal ini diakibatkan karena keterbatasan data; yang seharusnya dihitung selama 22 tahun. Erosi potensial di daerah penelitian 2 817.0, 999.3, dan 939.8 ton/ha/thn dimana SPT I>SPT II>SPT III.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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