Judul: Analysis In Silico of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var.  Rubrum) Active Compounds as Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor
Abstrak: Pengobatan menggunakan inhibitor asetilkolinesterase (AChE) telah banyak dilakukan, namun obat tersebut masih memberikan banyak efek samping. Penelitian secara in vitro terkait jahe merah telah terbukti berpotensi sebagai inhibitor AChE, namun belum diketahui senyawa dan interaksinya secara in silico. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif jahe merah yang berpotensi menginhibisi AChE serta analisis interaksi yang terjadi secara in silico. Senyawa aktif jahe merah dari literatur ditambatkan ke reseptor AChE, kemudian diprediksi bioavailabilitas dan toksisitas ligannya serta dianalisis interaksinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan galanthamine (ligan alami), donepezil, dan rivastigmine (ligan pembanding) memiliki nilai ∆G sebesar -10,5710, -10,3260, dan -7,3670 kkal/mol serta Ki sebesar 0,0175, 0,0265, dan 3,9261 µM, potensi inhibisi terbaik dimiliki oleh ligan fisetin dan morin dengan ∆G sebesar -10,4250 dan -10,3570 kkal/mol serta Ki sebesar 0,0224 dan 0,0251 µM. Kedua ligan memiliki nilai ∆G lebih negatif daripada ligan pembanding dan berikatan dengan situs aktif secara kuat pada residu asam amino HIS447, sehingga dapat berpotensi sebagai inhibitor kompetitif enzim AChE serta bersifat mudah larut dan tidak toksik bagi tubuh., Treatment using acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors has been widely used, but these drugs still have many side effects. In vitro research related to red ginger has shown potential as an AChE inhibitor, but the compounds and their in silico interactions are unknown. This study aims to identify the active compounds in red ginger that have the potential to inhibit AChE and to analyze the interactions that occur in silico. The active compound of red ginger from the literature was tethered to the AChE receptor, then the bioavailability and toxicity of the ligands were predicted and their interactions were analyzed. The results showed that galanthamine (natural ligand), donepezil, and rivastigmine (comparison ligand) had ∆G values of -10.5710, -10.3260 and -7.3670 kcal/mol and Ki of 0.0175, 0.0265, and 3.9261 µM, the best inhibition potential is owned by fisetin and morin ligands with ∆G of -10.4250 and -10.3570 kcal/mol and Ki of 0.0224 and 0.0251 µM. Both ligands have more negative ∆G values than the comparison ligands and bind strongly to the active site on the HIS447 amino acid residue, so they can potentially act as competitive inhibitors of the AChE enzyme and are easily soluble and not toxic to the body.
Keyword: demensia, inhibitor asetilkolinesterase, jahe merah

Judul: In Silico and In Vitro Analysis of α-Glucosidase Inhibition by Ethanol Extract of Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale var.  Rubrum) from Sukabumi
Abstrak: Indonesia menempati peringkat kelima penderita diabetes melitus terbanyak di dunia sehingga perlu adanya pengobatan antidiabetes yang efektif salah satunya dengan mekanisme penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase. Obat antidiabetes sintetik dalam jangka waktu panjang dapat memberikan efek samping. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan obat herbal perlu dilakukan karena dinilai lebih aman. Jahe merah telah banyak dimanfaatkan dalam bidang medis dan diharapkan berpotensi menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur aktivitas inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase oleh ekstrak etanol jahe merah asal Sukabumi dan menentukan ligan terbaik melalui studi in silico. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan maserasi dalam etanol 70% dan dilakukan pembacaan absorbansi inhibisi enzim, sedangkan studi in silico dilakukan dengan molecular docking. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IC50 penghambatan enzim α-glukosidase sebesar 50.139,719 ± 0,481 μg/mL dan didapatkan dua ligan terbaik yaitu 6- shogaol dan 6-gingerol yang memiliki nilai ΔG dan Ki mendekati akarbosa (ligan pembanding terbaik), lolos uji toksisitas, serta berinteraksi dengan banyak situs pengikatan dan situs katalitik yang terletak di dalam poket situs aktif, Indonesia is in the fifth position with the most diabetes mellitus sufferers globally, so effective antidiabetic treatment is needed, such as the mechanism of inhibiting the α-glucosidase enzyme. Synthetic antidiabetic drugs, in the long term, can have side effects. Therefore, the use of herbal medicines is necessary because they are considered safer. Red ginger has been widely used in the medical field, and it has expected to have the potential to inhibit the activity of α-glucosidase. This study aimed to measure the inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase enzyme by the ethanol extract of red ginger from Sukabumi and determine the best ligand through in silico study. This research was carried out by maceration in 70% ethanol and reading the absorbance of enzyme inhibition, while in silico studies were carried out by molecular docking. The results showed that the IC50 value for inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme was 50.139,719 ± 0.481 μg/mL. Two best ligands were obtained, namely 6-shogaol and 6-gingerol, which had ΔG and Ki values close to acarbose (the best comparison ligand), passed toxicity testing and interacted with many binding sites and catalytic sites that were located in active site pocket
Keyword: α-Glucosidase, Diabetes mellitus, Red Ginger

Judul: Penyebaran Tipe Beranak dan dan Rataan Anak Kambing dilahirkan Pada berbagai Umur Induk, Ulangan Beranak, Frekuensi Beranak serta Nisbah Kelaminnya di Desa Ciburuy dan Cigombong
Abstrak: Penelitian i n i dilakukan pada ternak kambing milik penduduk d i tujuh kampung terbanyak dalam populasi ternak kambing dalam desa Ciburuy dan Cigombong. Penelitian dilakukan selama t i g a belas bulan mulai awal September 1982 sampai akhir September 1983.
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