Judul: Analisis Sistem Tataniaga Garam Rakyat (Studi Kasus: Desa Lembung Kecamatan Galis Kabupaten Pamekasan Jawa Timur)
Abstrak: Salt is a strategic and high economic valued comodity because it is needed in every human lifa aspect as a main raw materials. The purposes of this research were analyzing marketing. The purposes of this research were analyzing marketing channels, function, structure and marketing institutions of farmer salt comodity and analyzing the efficiency of farmer salt marketing in every marketing channels by marketing margin, farmer’s share and benefit cost ratio approching. Based on the research result, there are mains channels which is formed based on the distribution first point with different institutions, functions and market structure in each channels. The result of operational efficiency analysis indicator and qualitative indicator showed that all of marketing channels had been inefficiency. It was caused because farmers still had a role as a price taker and price giving tendency was unfair because farmer had a weak bargaining power. Because of that, goverment role was hoped be able to change farmers role and improve the presence of farmer group to increase farmer prosperity.
Keyword: salt marketing, farmer’s share, efficiency, salt, Lembung village

Judul: Marketing analysis of salt in Sumenep Dsitrict, East Java
Abstrak: Sumenep District is one of salt producing areas in Indonesia. Salt plays an important role in almost all industrial processes and production because salt does not have a substitute good, therefore salt becomes a strategic commodity. So far, the link of the salt chain trade system is controlled by several companies, where downstream activities are dominated by large -scale industry with strong network while upstream activities are dominated by salt management activities with simple technology (Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, 2012). In the marketing process, farmers are conditioned as marginal salt producers which cannot contribute, both in price determination and the technical determination of the quality of the salt produced. This is due to the limited access for farmer to get the information about quality and price developments that make the majority of farmers to have weak bargaining position then finally have the tendency to be the price taker. This condition then becomes worse because of other factors such as limited facility and infrastructure, limited access to capital, and limited access to enter the market that lead farmers to limitation choice for marketing channels. Based on the condition above, author expects that the salt marketing in Sumenep today is inefficient. Therefore, Analysis of salt marketing by using structure, conduct and performance (SCP) approach is needed. This study aims to analyze the structure, conduct and performance of salt market in Sumenep. Research locations were selected intentionally (purposive), while respondents were randomly selected (simple random sampling) through their marketing chain. The analysis showed that the salt marketing in Sumenep is inefficient, unfair and not transparent. It is concluded by structure, conduct, and performance approach of the salt market. Structure analysis indicated that the market structure of the salt industry in Sumenep tends to be oligopsonistic. It is inferred from several indicators: (a) the unbalanced number of participants (between sellers and buyers) in the market, (b) high market concentration which dominated by few competitors, (c) the existence of barriers to entry the market, from the capital, networks, licensing to technology. Conduct analysis for the market suggested that there is a dominant institution for marketing activities; the processing company. Cooperation and dishonest practices also occur in the marketing process. Dishonest practices can be seen from (a) the collective traders are also agents (accomplices) of a company, ( b) the salt sale does not accompanied by accurate weighing (c) dominant price is determined by these marketing agencies. Market performance analysis showed that the salt marketing is not yet efficient. Uneven profit with the remuneration in the marketing functions performed, the low farmer share in all channels (≤20%), and also the unintegrated market, both in the short run and long run become the causal factor why the increasing price in the retail level can not be transmitted to the farm level.
Keyword: small holding salt farmers, structure, conduct, performance

Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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