Judul: Impact of Raskin Policy to Consumption Pattern Local Staple Food in Papua.
Abstrak: Indonesia as an agricultural country, in fact, still needs to import food, especially rice. Food self-sufficiency program, which focus on increasing production of rice, is now reached leveling off stage. When realized the importance of production and consumption balance, the government issued fooddiversification policy over 45 years ago. However, it is not successful as expected. For some reasons, several government policies or programs were not actually supporting diversification policy, such as rice for government employees, ceiling price, and rice for the poor (raskin) policy. Raskin policy, a transfer of government revenue indirectly to poor households, is a good effort to overcome social problem due to increase of oil price. Yet, this program is getting people to consume more rice. Competition among staple-foods will be unbalance if the government sees rice as national food and forgets the potential local staple food. Papua, as province with big demand of rice, have not implement real policy in food diversification. Local staple foods potencies, such as sweet potatoes and sago, are getting less consumed by the local people to replace rice. They consume more rice as they become more prosper. The main staple food commodities locally Papuan people are sweet potatoes and sago growing that the higher the class the higher the consumption of rice is due to the superiority of local staple food. Food consumption data in real terms demonstrate the ability of households in food access and describe the level of household in food sufficiency. The increasing rate of food consumption also implicitly reflects the level of income or purchasing power in food. Therefore, food diversification policy should be adjusted to local wisdom. Then, Papuan should be directed to consume sweet potato and sago. This study examines whether the food for the poor program should be continued, removed, or replaced with local staple food according to standard calorie need. The research focus on Papua region and use data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) 2008–2010 panel Papua. Other data sources derived from the Food Security Agency (BKP) Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The one percent change in rice price affects significantly the price of all commodities and the proportion of outlay commodity groups analysed. This generally means that rice is still the main staple food. The changing price of some commodities affect to other, some commodities don’t affect at all. The price has not only negative effect on the demand itself, but also has positive or negative to other commodities demand. The price fluctuation causes inflation and people’s ability of purchasing food. The influence of revenue expenditure proportion to all commodities is significant, except to sweet potatoes and fruit. The coefficient of income to most of the food commodity groups is positive. It means that the increase proportion of household income will be followed by a significant increase in demand rate for food commodity groups. According to research of three alternative, simulations which give effect to the purpose of diversification of food and energy needs in maintaining the recommended limit is 3rd simulation. It suggests to replaced raskin policy to
Keyword: local staple foods, consumption pattern, raskin, LA-AIDS

Judul: Changes in Food Prices and Possible Substitution of Main Carbohydrate Sources in Urban and Rural Communities in Indonesia
Abstrak: Masyarakat Indonesia memiliki ketergantungan cukup tinggi pada komoditas beras sebagai salah satu sumber pangan utama. Angka ketergantungan yang tinggi menyebabkan permintaan beras meningkat sehingga pemerintah harus melakukan impor beras agar tidak terjadi kelangkaan beras. Pemerintah melakukan program diversifikasi sumber karbohidrat utama menggunakan metode substitusi sebagai bentuk usaha untuk mengurangi angka ketergantungan terhadap beras dan bentuk pemanfaatan sumber karbohdirat utama lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh harga pangan pokok terhadap kemungkinan substitusi sumber karbohidrat utama pada wilayah perkotaan dan perdesaan menggunakan metode analisis panel data dengan metode Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ubi kayu cenderung lebih cocok dijadikan sebagai komoditas substitusi beras. Diversifikasi sumber karbohidrat utama lebih mudah dilakukan di daerah perdesaan dibandingkan dengan daerah perkotaan., Indonesian people have a high dependence on rice, which is one of the primary food sources. The high dependency rate causes the demand for rice increase as the government must import rice to avoid rice shortage. The government carried out a program to diversify the carbohydrate sources to reduce the dependency of communities on rice. It also purposes to optimize the utilization of carbohydrate sources other than rice. This study aims to determine the effect of staple food prices on the possibility of diversification of the carbohydrate sources in urban and rural areas using panel data analysis method with Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results showed that cassava tends to be more suitable as a substitute commodity for rice. Diversification of the carbohydrate sources is easier to do in rural areas compared to urban areas.
Keyword: Food, Rice, Cassava, Diversification, Substitution, Cross Elasticity, Fixed Effect Model

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4