Judul: An Analysis of Little Tuna Resources Management Options in the East Coast of Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: Presently, the utilization of little tuna resource in the Minahasa coastal waters is not well managed by the local fisheries authority. In the other word, the local government has not sufficient capacity to protect their local fish resources. The management regime used by the local government is quasi open access regime which no control on fisheries capacity in terms of input and output. In this regards, this study can contribute in giving alternative scenario to manage little tuna resources in study area. Using Gordon-Schaefer model, it has been revealed that the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is estimated at the level of 744.27 ton, while Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) 267.73 tons, Optimum Sustainable Yield (OSY) 275.90 tons and Open Access Yield (OAY) 476.02 tons respectively. In terms of effort, theses level would be 9,453 trips; 1,889 trips; 1,954 trips; and 3,778 trips. From the stekholders analysis, it can be also obtaiend that directorate general of capture fisheries (national level), marine and fisheries service (regional level), regional legislative, fisheries and marine service, regional planning and development board, non goverment organization, private sectors, fishing boat owner and fishermen group (local level) are the most strategic stakeholders. Based on this identification, therefere, trade-off analysis on management scenarios has been undertaken. From the actual condition, it has been indicated that actual production level has been excessed the level of MSY. It can be said that the actual condition of resources utilitization has been biological overfished. From the effort point of view, the condition of actual effort also has been excessed the level of OAY or has been economically overfished. Furthermore, optimal economic rent can be achieved when little tuna management is operated MEY and OSY level. From the results of trade-off analysis, it can be revealed that output control scenario can be considered as the best scenario due to its total score more than input control scenario and output- input control scenario. However, in the real implementation, the output control scenario and input control scenario can be implemented if the government reducing the production is 718.70 tons, 533.24 tons and its effort level is 7,772 trips, 10,150 trips respectively.
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Judul: Tuna fisheries management strategies in an optimal and sustainable in Buru District, Maluku Province
Abstrak: Tuna fishery is one of the leading sectors of fisheries in Buru District. This fishery has been going on a few years ago, and an artisanal fisheries that have evolved from the subsistence fisheries to commercial fisheries. This sector is a significant contribution to meeting the needs of food, employment, public welfare, and the development of regional economy. Sustainability of these contributions, depending on the management of the fishery. Good fisheries management is to ensure the sustainability of the fish resources, environmental, socio-economic, and institutional aspects. To carry out the management approach, it takes a variety of information such as biology, ecology, socio-economic and institutional information, as an evaluation, improvisation, and execution management. This study was conducted as an attempt to provide such information . The purpose of this study was to : (1) analyzing the condition of tuna resources in Buru District which includes estimates of potential maximum sustainable yields and some population parameters, (2) to analyze the feasibility of tuna fishing units, (3) optimization of the allocation of fishing effort, and (4) formulate strategies for optimal and sustainable management of tuna fisheries in Buru District . Surplus production model (SPM) was used to assess the maximum sustainable yield of tuna fish resources. Some parameters of tuna populations known with length and weight analysis, the pattern of growth, mortality rate and exploitation rate. Feasibility of tuna fishing units were analyzed using financial feasibility analysis, which consists of business analysis and investment criteria analysis. Business analysis include: analysis of revenue, revenue cost ratio (R/C), payback period (PP) and the break-even point (BEP). Analysis of investment criteria include the net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR) and net benefit cost ratio (Net B/C). Optimization of the allocation of fishing unit, calculated using a linear goal programming (LGP). Formulation and prioritization of management strategies performed with strength weakness opportunity threath analysis (SWOT), and analysis of quantitative strategic planning matrix (QSPM). Maximum sustainable yield of tuna fish resources in Buru District estimated at about 867 tons/year, with optimum fishing effort is at 1101 units/year. Fork length and weight of tuna fish caught that ranged from 85.5 to 170.8 cm (L = 180.6 cm) and 12.0 to 91.8 kg, with a range of ages 1–6 years, fishing mortality enough high, with the rate of exploitation between the years 2010–2011 has exceeded the optimum exploitation rate in the range 65% –74%, where the actual fishing effort exceeds the optimum fishing effort. Feasibility analysis of the three categories handline units conducted with business analysis and analysis of investment criteria, showed that handline units that has a good business feasibility is, the first, handline unit 5.5 HP with an annual profit of Rp10 710 407, revenue cost ratio (R/C) > 1, the payback period is 1.30 years, the value of BEP is Rp15,485,903 or 939.88 kg, with NPV value is Rp42,714,374 > 0 , IRR (84.6%) > 12% and Net B/C (4.06) > 1. Second, handline unit 15 HP with an annual profit of Rp15,164,117, revenue cost ratio of 1.14, the payback period is 2.37 years ,
Keyword: Buru District, management strategies, optimal and sustainable, tuna fisheries

Judul: Imobilisasi Metformin Hidroklorida pada Hidrogel Poli(Vinil Alkohol) (PVA) dengan Teknik Iradiasi.
Abstrak: Hidrogel dikenal sebagai salah satu jenis makromolekul polimer hidrofilik berbentuk jaringan bertaut silang yang banyak digunakan dalam matriks pengungkung/pelepas obat. Hidrogel dibuat dengan proses beku-leleh dan iradiasi gamma. Campuran poli(vinil) alkohol 10% (b/v) dalam air yang mengandung metformin HCl (10, 20, 30 mg) dibeku-lelehkan kemudian diiradiasi dengan sinar gamma (0, 10, 15, 20 kGy). Hidrogel yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier transform infrared. Pelepasan metformin HCl dari hidrogel diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Fraksi gel dan daya serap air dihitung pada hidrogel yang tidak tercampur obat. Hidrogel tanpa iradiasi dan hidrogel hasil iradiasi memperlihatkan pergeseran bilangan gelombang pada gugus -OH dan -CH. Kinetika pelepasan obat dari hidrogel diukur berdasarkan persamaan orde nol. Fraksi gel yang diperoleh memiliki rataan 97-98%. Jumlah air yang diserap oleh hidrogel semakin berkurang dengan bertambahnya dosis iradiasi.
Keyword: hidrogel, imobilisasi, iradiasi, metformin HCl, PVA