Judul: Validasi Kura-Kura Brazil Trachemys scripta elegans (WiedNeuwied, 1839) yang DiperjualBelikan di Bogor Berdasarkan Marka Gen 16S rRNA.
Abstrak: Kura-kura Brazil Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Nuwied, 1839) merupakan kura-kura semi akuatik introduksi yang berasal dari Amerika bagian tengah atau selatan yang banyak diminati masyarakat Indonesia sebagai hewan peliharaan. Keberadaan spesies ini dikhawatirkan dapat mengancam spesies lokal akibat pelepasan secara liar di perairan bebas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memvalidasi secara molekuler spesies kura-kura Brazil (Trachemys scripta elegans) di tiga wilayah Bogor, Jawa Barat sebagai informasi hubungan kekerabatannya berdasarkan marka gen 16S rRNA. Metode yang digunakan yaitu isolasi dan ekstraksi DNA, elektroforesis, amplifikasi dan visualisasi, dan sekuensing gen 16S rRNA. A nalisis data berupa analisis morfologi, validasi fragmen 16S rRNA, pensejajaran nukleotida, perhitungan jarak genetik, dan konstruksi pohon filogenetik. Hasil PCR kesebelas sampel menunjukkan pita DNA tunggal yang terang dan tebal. Validasi seluruh sampel merujuk pada Trachemys scripta elegans dengan nilai persen identifikasi ≥ 99,50%, dan diperoleh hasil jarak genetik < 3% dengan Trachemys scripta elegans, serta hubungan kekerabatan yang dekat dengan Trachemys scripta elegans. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh yaitu sampel tervalidasi dengan Trachemys scripta elegans berdasarkan identifikasi molekuler dan berpotensi menjadi invasif jika dilepas secara liar dan bebas di perairan., The Brazilian tortoise Trachemys scripta elegans (Wied-Nuwied, 1839) is an introduced semi-aquatic turtle originating from Central or South America that is in great demand by Indonesian people as pets. The existence of this species is feared to threaten local species due to release in free waters. The aim of this study was to molecularly validate the species of Brazilian turtle (Trachemys scripta elegans) in three areas of Bogor, West Java as information on their kinship based on 16S rRNA gene markers. The methods used were DNA isolation and extraction, electrophoresis, amplification and visualization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. A data analysis in the form of morphological analysis, validation of 16S rRNA fragments, nucleotide alignment, calculation of genetic distances, and construction of phylogenetic trees. The PCR results of the eleven samples showed a single bright and thick DNA band. The validation of all samples referred to Trachemys scripta elegans with a percent identification value of ≥ 99.50%, and the results obtained were <3% genetic distance with Trachemys scripta elegans, as well as close kinship with Trachemys scripta elegans. The conclusion obtained is that the samples were validated with Trachemys scripta elegans based on molecular identification and have the potential to become invasive if released wildly and freely into the waters.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, genetic, Trachemys scripta elegans

Judul: Analisis Kekerabatan Genetik Labi-Labi Bengkulu (Pelochelys cantorii) Berdasarkan Gen 12S rRNA Pada Mitokondria
Abstrak: Pelochelys cantorii merupakan salah satu spesies kura-kura air tawar besar yang dikenal dengan labi-labi raksasa asia dari famili Trionichidae dan ordo Testudines. Pelochelys cantorii dilaporkan telah mengalami penurunan populasi disebabkan adanya eksploitasi berlebih, fragmentasi habitat dan juga sering tertangkap tidak sengaja oleh nelayan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memastikan spesies Pelochelys cantorii yang tertangkap di Bengkulu menggunakan gen 12S rRNA dan menganalisis posisi filogenetiknya dengan beberapa spesies kura-kura yang lain. Sampel DNA diekstraksi dari darah 2 ekor labi-labi (P1 dan P2) yang tertangkap di Bengkulu. Ruas gen 12S rRNA diamplifikasi dengan mesin PCR kemudian runutan nukleotidanya disekuensing. Hasil sekuensing gen 12S rRNA sampel P1 dan P2 masing-masing 959 bp dan 901 bp, dan setelah dilakukan alignment dengan beberapa spesies kura-kura yang lain diperoleh panjang DNA sebesar 950 bp (ada gap). Hasil alignment menunjukkan bahwa jarak genetik terhadap P. cantorii dengan NC015825 sebesar 0.007 dan 0.012 masing-masing P1 dan P2. Hasil rekontruksi pohon filogeni dengan metode Neighbour Joining menempatkan Pelochelys dalam satu klad dengan labi-labi raksasa yang lain, yaitu Chitra indica., Pelochelys cantorii is one of large freshwater turtle species known as the Asian giant turtle from the Trionichidae family and the order of Testudines. Pelochelys cantorii has been reported of experienced a decrease number of population caused by large exploitations, habitat fragmentation, and also unplanned caught by fisherman. The result of this study is to analyze the pelochelys cantorii using 12S rRNA and the filogenetic position with other turtles species. The DNA samples were extracted from 2 tutles (P1 and P2) that caught in Bengkulu. The 12S rRNA gene segment was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced the nucleotides materials. The results for each samples are 959 bp for P1 and 901 bp for P2, after aligning them with several turtles species, the DNA length was 950 bp (gap). The alignment results show that the genetic distance to P. cantorii with NC015825 is 0.007 and 0.012 respectively P1 and P2. The rescontruction of phylogenetic tree were using Neighbour Joining method by placing the Pelochelys into one clad with the giant turtle, named Chitra indica.
Keyword: 12S rRNA gene, Pelochelys cantorii, genetic kinship

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4