Judul: Kajian Teknik Penyulingan Ulang (Redistilasi) Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu asap Cair
Abstrak: Purification of liquid smoke as a purpose to separate tar and some carsinogenic substances from liquid smoke, so that be get pure liquid smoke that can be used into food as preservative. Redistillation process is efforts to increase liquid smoke quality besides with sedimentation and screening methods. This research was done using redistillation process, with two factor treatment including distillation temperature and coolings water streaming runaway speed. Distillation temperature arrangement in kettle by manages big its gas burner flame to evaporate liquid smoke. Gas burner flame is managed as three conducts, which is little, medium and big. in little flame stage is got distillation temperature acquired 111.5°C, medium flame was 112.5°C, and big flame was 114°C. Coolings water streaming runaway speed which be utilized which is 60 litres/clocks and 120 litres/clocks. performansi's examination distiller tool amongst those temperature data, distillation time, distilat's runaway speed, distillate volume and fuel consumption. That performansi's data is utilized to account temperature difference graphs logarithm on condensor, distillation efficiency and rendeman distillate. process redistillation can upgrade liquid smoke, it visually of colour distilat liquid smoke that acquired more clear and tar's content decreases. The difference quality as rate of chemical, color and resulting aroma really been regarded by crude liquid smoke quality that is used.
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Judul: Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Asap Cair dari Limbah Padat Penyulingan Minyak Kayu Putih
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan rendemen, menganalisis karakteristik fisikokimia, serta menguji aktivitas antibakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphyloccocus aureus dari asap cair hasil pirolisis limbah padat (daun dan ranting). Pembuatan asap cair dilakukan dengan pirolisis menggunakan suhu 400 oC selama 4-5 jam, kemudian asap cair diendapkan dan disaring untuk pemisahan tar. Pengujian yang dilakukan yaitu analisis karakteristik fisikokimia meliputi berat jenis, keasaman, warna, bau, transparansi dan analisis Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) serta aktivitas antibakterinya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perbedaan bahan baku memberikan pengaruh terhadap kualitas asap cair yang dihasilkan. Asap cair bagian ranting memiliki kualitas fisikokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri yang lebih baik dari asap cair daun. Berdasarkan hasil GCMS, kandungan asam asap cair ranting lebih dominan dibandingkan asap cair daun. Selain itu, peningkatan konsentrasi asap cair hingga 15% pada setiap jenis bahan dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antibakteri. Asap cair campuran (daun-ranting) memiliki kualitas fisikokimia dan aktivitas antibakteri yang cenderung sama dengan asap cair ranting sehingga dapat menjadi alternatif bahan baku., The objective of this research was to determine the yield, analyze physicochemical characteristics, as well as test the antibacterial activity of Escherichia coli and Staphyloccocus aureus from liquid smoke resulting from the pyrolysis of solid waste (leaf and twig). Liquid smoke was made by pyrolysis using a temperature of 400 oC for 4-5 hours, then the liquid smoke was precipitated and filtered for tar separation. The tests carried out analysis of physicochemical characteristics including specific gravity, acidity, color, odor, transparency and analysis of Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometer (GCMS) as well as its antibacterial activity. The results show that the difference in raw materials have an effect on the quality of the liquid smoke produced. The liquid smoke of the twigs have better physicochemical quality and antibacterial activity than leaves liquid smoke. Based on the results of GCMS, the acid and phenol content of twig liquid smoke is more dominant than leaf liquid smoke. In addition, increasing the concentration of liquid smoke up to 15% in each type of material can increase the antibacterial activity. Mixed liquid smoke (leaf-twig) has physicochemical quality and antibacterial activity which tends to be the same as twig liquid smoke so that it can be an alternative raw material.
Keyword: antibakteri, asap cair, fisikokimia, limbah padat, pirolisis, antibacterial, liquid smoke, physicochemistry, pyrolisis, solid waste

Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
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