Judul: Effect of Seed Size on Physiological Quality of Mung Bean Seed Varieties Vima 4 and  Vimil 1
Abstrak: Kebutuhan konsumsi nasional kacang hijau mengalami peningkatan, akan tetapi besaran luas panen mengalami penurunan dan diikuti dengan penurunan hasil produksi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah meningkatkan produksi kacang hijau dengan menggunakan benih yang bermutu. Mutu benih dipengaruhi oleh ukuran benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran benih terhadap mutu fisiologis benih kacang hijau varietas Vima 4 dan Vimil 1. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu ukuran benih dengan empat taraf ukuran (besar, sedang, kecil dan campuran). Taraf ukuran campuran terdiri atas benih dengan diameter yang beragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran benih varietas Vima 4 berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, bobot kering kecambah normal, laju imbibisi dan nilai daya hantar listrik. Benih berukuran besar memiliki nilai daya berkecambah 94%, indeks vigor 86%, laju imbibisi 3,75 ml/jam dan nilai daya hantar listrik sebesar 23,29 μS/cm. g. Pada varietas Vimil 1, ukuran benih tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah, indeks vigor dan daya berkecambah setelah pengusangan. Ukuran benih sedang dan besar memiliki daya berkecambah paling tinggi 91.3% dan indeks vigor 80,6%., National consumption needs of mung beans has increased, but the amount of harvested area has decreased and is followed by a decrease in production yields. One of the efforts that can be done is to increase the production of mung beans by using quality seeds. Seed quality is influenced by seed size. This study aimed to analyze the effect of seed size on the physiological quality of mung bean seeds of Vima 4 and Vimil 1 varieties. This research was arranged in a single factor Completely Randomized Design, namely seed size with four size levels (large, medium, small and mixed). The mixed size level consists of seeds with various diameters. The results showed that the seed size of the Vima 4 variety had an effect on germination, vigor index, dry weight of normal germination, rate of imbibition and electrical conductivity. Large seeds have a germination value of 94%, a vigor index of 86%, an imbibition rate of 3.75 ml/hour and an electrical conductivity value of 23.29 S/cm.g. In Vimil 1 variety, seed size had no effect on germination, vigor index and germination after aging. Medium and large seed sizes had the highest germination rate of 91.3% and vigor index of 80.6%.
Keyword: imbibition, germination, seed diameter, vigor

Judul: The Effect of Mung Bean Seed Size on the Physiological Quality of Mung Bean Seed
Abstrak: Kacang hijau termasuk salah satu komoditas unggul ekspor tanaman pangan. Upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi kacang hijau harus diimbangi dengan penyediaan benih yang memiliki nilai mutu benih tinggi. Mutu fisik dan mutu fisiologis termasuk dari aspek mutu benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran benih terhadap mutu fisiologis benih kacang hijau pada varietas Vima 1 dan Vima 3. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Juli 2023. Tempat pelaksanaan penelitian di Laboratorium Pengolahan Benih Seed Center dan Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Mutu Benih, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal yaitu ukuran benih dengan empat taraf ukuran (besar, sedang, kecil dan campuran). Taraf ukuran campuran berasal dari kondisi awal tanpa pemilahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran benih pada varietas Vima 1 berpengaruh terhadap bobot kering kecambah normal, indeks vigor setelah pengusangan, daya hantar listrik sebelum dan setelah pengusangan. Ukuran benih varietas Vima 3 berpengaruh terhadap indeks vigor setelah pengusangan, daya hantar listrik sebelum dan setelah pengusangan. Benih berukuran besar pada varietas Vima 1 memiliki bobot kering kecambah normal paling tinggi 0,85 g dengan kebocoran membran paling rendah dan nilai daya hantar listriknya 21,70 μS/ cm.g. Benih berukuran besar pada varietas Vima 3 memiliki nilai daya hantar listrik paling rendah disaat sebelum pengusangan 24,44 μS/ cm.g dan setelah pengusangan 18,60 μS/ cm.g. Benih berukuran besar hasil pemilahan dengan air screen cleaner menunjukkan mutu paling baik pada kedua varietas., Green beans are one of the leading export commodities for food crops. Efforts to increase green bean production must be balanced with the provision of seeds that have high seed quality values. Physical quality and physiological quality are included in the aspect of seed quality. This study aims to analyze the effect of seed size on the physiological quality of mung bean seeds in Vima 1 and Vima 3 varieties. This research was conducted from May to July 2023. The location of the research was the Seed Center Seed Processing Laboratory and Seed Quality Testing and Storage Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture Bogor. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor, namely seed size with four size levels (large, medium, small, and mixed). Mixed-size levels are derived from the initial conditions without sorting. The results showed that the seed size of the Vima 1 variety had an effect on the dry weight of normal sprouts, the vigor index after being worn out, and the electrical conductivity before and after being worn out. The seed size of the Vima 3 variety has an effect on the vigor index after obsolescence, and electrical conductivity before and after obsolescence. The large seeds of the Vima 1 variety had the highest dry weight of normal sprouts at 0.85 g with the lowest membrane leakage and an electrical conductivity value of 21.70 μS/ cm.g. Large seeds of the Vima 3 variety have the lowest electrical conductivity value before aging 24.44 μS/ cm.g and after aging 18.60 μS/cm.g. Large seeds as a result of sorting with air screen cleaner show the best quality in both varieties.
Keyword: ukuran benih, viabilitas, vigor, vima 1, vima 3

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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