Judul: Role of planting a d return of companion crops, biomass of yam bean and centrowma and N, P, K, Mg fertilizers application in bushy black pepper culture
Abstrak: Study result revealed that bushy black pepper belongs to 'luxury plan?' that it consumes nutrients in a large number. This condition accelerated the degradation of land, reduction of productivity and aggravation the environment. Soil amelioration wuld be done by application of organic matter. In srtu prduaion of organic matter is one kind of the solution. The objechves of rhr: study were; (1) testing of yam bean and centrosema as companion crops on bush pepper plantation and iis effect on pepper production, (2) testing of organic matter from yam bean and centrosema, and application of N, P, K, Mg fertilizer on the growth, production, physiologcal traits, quality of black pepper, soil micraclimate and soil properties, and {3) obtaining the optimum dosage of inorganic fertilizer combined wit11 orpic matter, as well as the information on reducing inorganic fertilizer requirement by application of orgaiic ma-. To achieve the objectives, two studia were done; (1 ) e m of yam bean and mtrosema on the growth and production of bushy black pepper, and (2) effect of biomass re-1 of yam bean and centrosema and dosage of inorgamc f* of N, P, K, Mg on tbe growth and yield of bushy black pepper. Result of the studies showed that planting of yam b n and centrosema as cumpaion mops improved the vegetative and p d v e growth of bushy black psppr, as well as i n c d the yield, chlorophyll content, plant nutrient status, and improved thg biologicat, physical, a d chemid properties of the soil. Application of organic matter and inorganic fertilizer, aside improved the former parameters, also inatwed the quality of black pepper. The optmum level of inorganic Edizer is 389.71 glplant for pepper monoculture system, 235.28 giplant for pepper - yarn bean system and 200.9 1 @plant for pepper - centrosema system. The optimum level of inorganic fertilizer is 330.32 @plant for pepper system without green manure appbtion, 186.79 @plant for pepper mulch system and 158.98 glplaat for peppa system with incarpration of gmm manure into the soil. Based on the result of both studies, it could be umcluded that planting yam bean arad centrogema as companion crop on b w blsbclr pepper phmion, and inmqmmion return of piant's biomass is one way to increase pepper production as well as improved soil promes.
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Judul: Efektivitas Penggunaan Pupuk Organik yang diperkaya Mikrob Aktivator dalam Mengatur Keseimbangan Tajuk dan Akar Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annuum.. L).
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of enriched biofertilizer in some dosed for balancing shoot and root growth of red chili (Capsicum annuum. L) to support productivity and for biocontrol of pest and disease. The activator microbes used in this research belongs to Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR), consist of : Azospirillum sp. (Strain NS01), Azotobacter sp. (Strain HY1141), Bacillus subtilis (Strain HU48), and Pseudomonas beteli (Strain ATCC1986IT). The experiment was carried out in green house by Completley Randomize Design Method that consist of 6 treatments and 9 replications. The treatments were soil with unriched biofertilizer in 2:1 dosed (P1), soil with enriched biofertilizer in 2:1 dosed (P2), soil with unriched biofertilizer in 3:1 dosed (P3), soil with enriched biofertilizer in 3:1 dosed (P4), soil with anorganic fertilizer (NPK) and soil without any fertilizer (Ko). The result showed that application of enriched biofertilizers by activator microbes increased macro nutrients C, N, P, K, Ca and Mg in biofertilizers, increased growth and balancing of red chili. Application of enriched biofertilizers also increased imunity of red chili from pest and disease.
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix