Judul: Analisis keragaan koperasi dan tingkat partisipasi anggota koperasi unit desa (KUD) Giri Tani, desa Cibeureum, kecamatan Cisarua, kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Pembangunan koperasi sebagai wadah kegiatan ekonomi rakyat diarahkan agar koperasi makin memiliki kemampuan menjadi badan usaha yang efisien dan menjadi gerakan ekonomi rakyat yang tangguh dan berakar dalam masyarakat. Pembangunan sektor perkoperasian harus diselenggarakan melalui peningkatan kemampuan organisasi, manajemen, kewirausahaan dan permodalan yang didukung oleh peningkatan jiwa dan semangat berkoperasi menuju pemantapan peranannya sebagai sokoguru perekonomian nasional.
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Judul: Analisis Partisipasi Anggota dan Kinerja Koperasi Unit Desa Sumber Alam (Studi Kasus Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Koperasi merupakan lembaga sosial ekonomi yang menggunakan prinsip mensejahterakan anggota. Kegiatan koperasi dalam melaksanakan prinsip dan peranannya harus berlandaskan partisipasi dan kebutuhan anggota. Peran koperasi dalam membangun perekonomian diperlukan upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja yang bermanfaat bagi anggota dan masyarakat. Prinsip koperasi melaksanakan kegiatannya berdasarkan kebersamaan dan kekeluargaan dalam jatidirinya. Salah satunya Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD) yang berpengaruh terhadap perekonomian pedesaan. KUD diharapkan dapat menjadi solusi terhadap permasalahan ekonomi pedesaan dan dapat bersaing dengan lembaga lain dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada anggotanya. Sehingga diperlukan penelitian mengenai analisis manfaat dengan kegiatan pelayanan yang sesuai keinginan anggota untuk meningkatkan partisipasi. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada KUD Sumber Alam Kecamatan Dramaga Kabupaten Bogor. KUD ini melakukan berbagai kegiatan dalam meningkatkan kinerjanya dan banyaknya jumlah anggota yaitu 1525 orang di tahun 2010 namun data keanggotaan kurang jelas. Oleh karena itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai partisipasi anggota dan kinerja KUD. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk 1) menganalisis manfaat ekonomi dan manfaat sosial yang diperoleh anggota petani dan non petani KUD Sumber Alam serta hubungannya dengan tingkat partisipasi., 2) menganalisis kinerja dan peranan KUD dengan Penilaian Tangga Perkembangan (PTP) dan keuangan serta menempatkannya pada jatidirinya.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua