Judul: Morphological Traits Performance of Ten Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes
Abstrak: Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench merupakan tanaman pangan terpenting nomor lima di dunia dengan resistensi luas terhadap cekaman penyakit, hama, dan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk memperoleh informasi keragaan karakter morfologis sepuluh genotipe sorgum, keeratan hubungan karakter morfologis, serta menemukan genotipe sorgum dengan karakter morfologis terbaik. Sepuluh genotipe yang diuji ialah Pulut 2, Pulut 3, Pulut 4, Numbu, Kawali, Pahat, Bioguma 1, Soraya 3, A-125-1-6-1-6, dan PI-150-20-A. Penanaman berdasarkan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor dengan tiga kelompok mewakili ulangan. Lima tanaman contoh diambil per plot per genotipe. Uji F menunjukkan genotipe dan ulangan berbeda sangat nyata terhadap karakter kesepuluh genotipe. Keempat karakter menunjukkan heritabilitas yang tinggi. Pulut 2, A-125-1-6-1-6, Numbu, dan Bioguma 1 merupakan genotipe dengan tinggi tanaman tertinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan genotipe lainnya. Genotipe A-125-1-6-1-6 memiliki diameter batang dan jumlah daun terbesar. Diameter batang A-125-1-6-1-6 berbeda nyata dengan genotipe Pulut 2 dan Pulut 4. Jumlah daun A-125-1-6-1-6 tidak berbeda nyata hanya terhadap Numbu, Bioguma 1, dan Soraya 3. Genotipe Pulut 2, Pulut 3, Pulut 4, dan Pahat memiliki bobot basah malai terkecil dan saling tidak berbeda nyata. Korelasi kuat terjadi antara karakter jumlah daun dan bobot basah malai. Tiga genotipe yang memiliki karakter morfologis terbaik yaitu A-125-1-6-1-6, Bioguma 1, dan Numbu., Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench considered as the fifth most important crops in the world with broad resistency against disease, pest, and environmental stress. The objectives of this research are to obtain information of traits performance among ten sorghum genotypes, relation strengthness, morphologcal traits, and determine the genotype with the best morphological traits. The tested genotypes are Pulut 2, Pulut 3, Pulut 4, Numbu, Kawali, Pahat, Bioguma 1, Soraya 3, A-125-1-6- 1-6, and PI-150-20-A.Planting based on randomized complete block design with one factor that contained three blocks represent the three replication. Each plot of each genotype were taken five plants as sample. The F-test shows genotypes and replication are significantly differ with traits of sorghum genotypes. All characters shows high heritability. Pulut 2, A-125-1-6-1-6, Numbu, and Bioguma 1 have higher plant height and significantly differ with other genotypes. A-125-1-6-1-6 has the thickest stems and highest leaf amount. Stems diametre of A-125-1-6-1-6 are significantly differ than Pulut 2 and Pulut 4. Leaf amount of A-125-1-6-1-6 are insignificantly differ than Numbu, Bioguma 1, and Soraya 3. Pulut 2, Pulut 3, Pulut 4, dan Pahat have lower wet panicle weight than other genotypes and insignifficantly different between each other. Strong correlation occured between leaf amount and stem diameter. Three genotypes with better morphological traits compared to other genotypes are A-125-1-6-1-6, Bioguma 1, and Numbu.
Keyword: broad spectrum heritability, coefficient of genotype variability, randomized complete block design, selection criteria, standard deviation of genotype

Judul: Performance of Characters from Local Varieties, National Varieties, and Breeding Lines of Sorghum
Abstrak: Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia dengan daya adaptasi yang luas dan memiliki banyak manfaat. Benih unggul yang masih sulit diperoleh dan terbatas menjadi salah satu masalah dalam pengembangan sorgum di Indonesia. Terdapat beberapa jenis sorgum varietas lokal, varietas nasional, dan galur-galur hasil pemuliaan yang perlu dilakukan uji keragaan karakter agronomi, hasil, dan ketahanan penyakit untuk memperoleh varietas dan galur sorgum yang berpotensi dikembangkan dalam program pemuliaan tanaman dan dilepas sebagai varietas baru. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juli 2021 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB University. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor yaitu genotipe dengan tiga ulangan. Berdasarkan analisis ragam semua genotipe memiliki keragaman karakter agronomi dan hasil yang diamati, juga keragaman karakter pada keparahan penyakit kecuali karat daun saat 60 dan 70 hari setelah tanam (HST), serta busuk batang. Genotipe A-125-1-6-1-6 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan dan pakan ternak. Genotipe C-375-17-1-5 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan dengan tinggi tanaman sedang. Genotipe Pulut 5 berpotensi dijadikan tetua untuk menghasilkan sorgum berumur genjah. Genotipe dari galur hasil pemuliaan menunjukkan respon sangat tahan terhadap penyakit antraknosa dan karat daun, kecuali Soraya 3. Varietas lokal memiliki respon ketahanan penyakit tahan dan agak tahan., Sorghum is categorized as a cereal crop with a wide range of adaptability and numerous advantages. Superior seeds are still difficult to obtain and limited supplay is one of the challenges in Indonesia sorghum development. There are several types of sorghum local varieties, national varieties, and breeding lines that need to be tested for the performance of agronomic characters, yield, and disease resistance in order to obtain sorghum varieties and lines with the potential to be developed in plant breeding programs and released as new varieties. The experiment was conducted from February-July 2021 at Leuwikopo Experimental Field and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with one genotype treatment factor, in three replications. The result of the analysis of variance, showed that all genotypes had variability in agronomic characters and yield, as well as variability in disease severity, with the exception of leaf rust at 60 and 70 days after planting (DAP), and stem rot. Genotype A-125-1-6-1-6 has the potential to be developed as food and animal feed ingredient. Genotype C-375-17-1-5 has the potential to be developed as food plant with a medium plant height. The pulut 5 genotype has the potential to be used as parents in the production of early-aged sorghum. The breeding lines showed a very resistant response to anthracnose and leaf rust, except for the Soraya 3. Disease resistance reponses in local varieties are resistant and moderately resistant.
Keyword: analisis ragam, genotipe, karakter, keragaman, ketahanan penyakit

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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