Judul: Analisis konsumsi dan penyediaan energi dalam perekonomian indonesia
Abstrak: The general objective of this study develop a model of energy consumption by users and the energy supply by energy type in the Indonesian economy. The model used is a simultaneous equation model with two stage least square method. The design of this model uses the assumption that along with economic progress the need for energy has increased so that the necessary supply of energy is greater, and vice versa. The main findings of this study are: First, world oil prices, domestic energy prices, GDP, and exchange rates are the main factors that influence the consumption and supply of energy in Indonesia. Second, the increase in world oil prices and declining goverment expenditure of oil subsidies decrease consumption and supply of energy in Indonesia. The apresiation of the IDR to US Dollar increase consumption and supply of energy in Indonesia. And third, the results of forecasting analysis show overall energy consumption by all sectors tend to increase, except for biomass consumption by the industrial and total of biomass consumption. In addtion, supply of energy tends to increase with smaller rate the increasing of energy consumption. In the short term, it should be an effort to increase energy utilization efficiency and productivity through conversion using fuel oil by gas and the reduction of subsidies oil in energy prices gradually, accompanied by efforts to increase economic growth, among others, by applying a low interest rate policy and maintain stable exchange rates. In the medium term, some efforts are required to increase investment from the aspect of production, processing, and distribution of fossil energy, and effort-based energy conversion using fuel oil by industry sector into other energy types. Along with that, efforts to increase the number and capacity of oil refineries, gas and electricity generation are required to be done to reduce the level of dependence on the final energy that comes from imports. In the long term, the implemention of green energy development strategy, which shifts the energy use sourced from unrenewable resources to energy use that are renewable resources, such as utilization of water energy, wind, biomass, biodiesel, biogas and other sources of sustainable energy.
Keyword: Energy consumption, Economic growth, Water energy, Biomass, Biodiesel, Biogas

Judul: Pengaruh Perubahan Permintaan Energi Terhadap Perekonomian Indonesia
Abstrak: Dalam sudut pandang perkonomian secara sektoral, akibat dari perubahan permintaan BBM terhadap masing-masing sektor perekonomian di Indonesia bisa saling terkait. Keterkaitan masing-masing sektor menandakan bahwa produk suatu usaha yang menggunakan BBM dalam produksinya mempunyai keterkaitan. Informasi ini sangat penting bagi perencanaan pembangunan dan antisipasi dampak buruk lintas sektor akibat gejolak permintaan BBM. Pada penelitian ini informasi dampak perubahan permintaan BBM terhadap perekonomian nasional akan diformulasikan kedalam suatu bentuk model ekonomi energi yang dibangun dari model Time Series dan Tabel Input Output (IO). Model rujukan yang digunakan untuk menentukan variabel penjelas pada pembentukan model dalam penelitain ini ialah model Rotterdam dan model World Oil market (Lains 2003) dan (Dees et al. 2008) yang menyatakan bahwa konsumsi minyak dipengaruhi oleh PDB, Harga Minyak Internasional, Nilai Tukar, dan Inflasi. Setelah penentuan beberapa variabel penjelas untuk pembentukan model sesuai model rujukan, selanjutnya tehnik pemodelan runtun waktu ARIMAX (Cools et al, 2008) digunakan pada penelitian ini untuk membentuk model. Model ARIMAX pada penelitian ini dibentuk dengan observasi awal penentuan lag dan diference dengan menggunakan analisis ACF dan PACF sehingga diketahui model yang akan dibandingkan dalam penelitian ini ARIMAX(1,0,0) dan ARIMAX(2,0,0)....dst
Keyword: Oil Demand, ARIMAX, Input Output Table

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
Keyword: