Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Patogen dari Kolam Pendederan Intensif Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) di Bogor
Abstrak: Lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar yang digemari di Indonesia karena waktu budidaya yang singkat dan dapat ditebar dengan kepadatan tinggi. Salah satu permasalahan serius yang dihadapi oleh pembudidaya ikan lele adalah penyakit ikan yang disebabkan oleh serangan bakteri. Kematian masal sebesar 70% dari total populasi sering terjadi pada usaha pendederan intensif lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) di Clarias Farm, Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri patogen yang menyerang dan menyebabkan kematian masal pada usaha pendederan intensif lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) di Clarias Farm, Bogor. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dua tahap, tahap pertama isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri ikan lele dumbo dari Clarias Farm, Bogor dengan panjang rata-rata 4.96±0.55 cm dan bobot ratarata 2.29±0.53 g. Tahap kedua yaitu uji LD50 ikan lele dari Desa Tegalwaru, Bogor dengan panjang rata-rata 8.94±0.48 cm dan bobot rata-rata 4.82±0.89 g. Hasil yang didapatkan dari dua tahap tersebut yakni terdapat lima bakteri patogen. Kelima bakteri tersebut terbukti patogen pada ikan lele yang dipelihara di Clarias Farm setelah dilakukan beberapa uji patogenisitas. Bakteri-bakteri tersebut adalah Aeromonas hydrophila NFC1, Aeromonas caviae NFC2, Aeromonas sobria NFC3, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NFW4, dan Pseudomonas luteola NFC5 yang memiliki nilai LD50 masing-masing sebesar 106.1, 106.5, 106.9 , 107.0 dan 106.7 CFU mL-1 . Kelima bakteri tersebut adalah golongan bakteri Gram negatif, termasuk kategori virulen karena memiliki kisaran nilai LD50 antara 106.1 CFU mL-1 (A. hydrophila NFC1) hingga 107.0 CFU mL-1 (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia NFW4).
Keyword: Aeromonas sp., bakteri, Clarias sp., Pseudomonas luteola, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

Judul: Identifikasi Bakteri dari Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) Sakit Asal Bogor Secara Konvensional dan Biomolekuler
Abstrak: Identifikasi Bakteri dari Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) Sakit Asal Bogor Secara Konvensional dan Biomolekuler. Dibimbing oleh SRI NURYATI dan MUNTI YUHANA. Ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) merupakan ikan perairan tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Intensifikasi budidaya ikan lele dapat memicu timbulnya penyakit bakterial. Budidaya ikan lele pada September 2020 di daerah Parung, Bogor banyak dirugikan oleh wabah penyakit yang menyebabkan terjadinya kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri secara konvensional dan biomolekuler yang berasal dari ikan lele yang sakit. Isolat bakteri yang diidentifikasi berasal dari ikan lele yang terjangkit penyakit. Isolat tersebut diambil dari sampel ikan lele yang berbeda-beda. Jumlah isolat yang diamati yaitu 6 isolat diantaranya adalah isolat bakteri C4G, E4G, A4G, B2U, B5L, dan EH2. Proses identifikasi dilakukan dengan mengamati hasil baik karakterisasi morfologi maupun fisiologi bakteri tersebut. Pengujian dilakukan melalui pengamatan koloni bakteri, pewarnaan Gram, uji oksidatif dan fermentatif, uji motilitas, uji katalase, uji oksidase, dan uji lanjut Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Bakteri kemudian diuji patogenitasnya melalui prosedur Postulat Koch. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan isolat bakteri C4G, E4G, A4G, B2U, B5L, dan EH2 merupakan bakteri patogen. Kelompok Staphylococcus pasteuri untuk isolat bakteri C4G, isolat bakteri E4G merupakan kelompok Salmonella enterica, isolat bakteri A4G merupakan kelompok Escherichia coli, isolat bakteri B2U merupakan kelompok Enterobacteri hormaechei, isolat bakteri B5L merupakan kelompok Bacillales bacterium, dan isolat bakteri EH2 merupakan kelompok Aeromonas salmonicida. Bakteri setelah diinjeksikan ke ikan lele ukuran 19-24 cm dengan kepadatan bakteri 106 CFU mL-1 dan dosis 0,1 mL/ekor, ikan tersebut menunjukkan gejala klinis berupa tubuh pucat, dropsi, kurang aktif berenang, sirip geripis, ulcer, hingga kematian. Adanya gejala tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bakteri bersifat patogen untuk ikan lele. Kata kunci: bakteri, Clarias gariepinus, isolat, penyaki, Identification of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) from Bogor that Infected by Bacteria Conventionally and Biomolecularly. Guided by SRI NURYATI and MUNTI YUHANA. Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is a freshwater fish that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. Intensification of catfish cultivation can trigger the onset of bacterial diseases. Catfish cultivation in September 2020 in Parung area, Bogor was harmed by the outbreak of diseases that cause death. The study aimed to identify conventional and biomolecular types of bacteria derived from infected catfish. The identified bacterial isolate comes from catfish infected with the disease. The isolates were taken from different catfish samples. The number of isolates observed is 6 isolates including C4G, E4G, A4G, B2U, B5L, and EH2 bacterial isolates. The identification process is carried out by observing the results of both morphological characterization and physiology of the bacteria. Testing is conducted through observation of bacterial colonies, Gram staining, Oxidative and fermentative test, motility test, catalase test, oxidase test, and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) advanced test. The bacteria are then tested for pathogenity through Koch's Postulate procedure. The identification results showed that C4G, E4G, A4G, B2U, B5L, and EH2 bacterial isolates were pathogenic bacteria. Staphylococcus pasteuri group for C4G bacterial isolate, E4G bacterial isolate is Salmonella enterica group, A4G bacterial isolate is Escherichia coli group, B2U bacterial isolate is Enterobacteri hormaechei group, B5L bacterial isolate is Bacillales bacterium group, and EH2 bacterial isolate is Aeromonas salmonicida group. Bacteria after being
Keyword: Bakteri, Identifikasi, Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), Sekuensing

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
Keyword: