Judul: Keragaman Jenis Rayap dan Intensitas Kerusakan Bangunan di Perumahan Alam Sinarsari, Cibeureum, Darmaga, Bogor
Abstrak: Nowdays, termite attacks to buildings are very important issue with considering the intensity of their attacks which are high and extend, so that the value of losses due to termite attacks tend to increase from year to year. The demography of Kota Bogor which has high rain intensity and humidity can be one of factor causing building damages. Damage of buildings like decay and crack can be a access for termites to attack the buildings. The objective of this research is to know the species and distribution of subterranan species, along with to know damage intensity of house buildings in the location of research. Location of this research is Perumahan Alam Sinarsari with spread 280 stakes Pinus merkusii size 1.9 cm x 1.9 cm x 45.7 cm. The results showed that there found six species of subterranean termites at Perumahan Alam Sinarsari, which were Coptotermes curvignathus, Schedorhinotermes sarawakensis, S. javanicus, Odontotermes javanicus, Macrotermes gilvus, and Capritermes mohri. Meanwhile based on survey of damage and interview showed most of the houses buildings included in medium condition (61.03%) and also founded damaged caused by dry wood termite attacks.
Keyword: dry wood termite, damage of building, termite, Biodiversity

Judul: Keragaman Jenis Rayap dan Intensitas Kerusakan Bangunan di Perumahan Taman Darmaga Permai I, Ciampea, Bogor
Abstrak: Termites attack make building service life of being shorter. Building components which are attacked by termites are made of lignocellulose. The objective of this research is to understand the species of termites, distribution of termites and intensity of the damage building. Identification of termites species used baiting method (ASTM D 1758-06 2008) with burying ±250 pine woods. The Intensity of building damage was done by components building survey in Taman Darmaga Permai I Residence, Ciampea, Bogor. There were five species of termites in research location such as Macrotermes gilvus, Odontotermes javanicus, Coptotermes curvignathus, Schedorhinotermes javanicus, dan S. sarawakensis. The widest spreading of termites species was O. javanicus from Termitidae family. Most of home building conditions were in medium conditions (87.91 %). Mechanical factors had the highest percentage (40.75 %) as a cause of the damage building than biological (37.36 %) and physical factors (21.13 %).
Keyword: termites, distribution of types, diversity, Building damage intensity

Judul: Influenza Specific Immunoglobulin Y Purification from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Precipitation Method
Abstrak: Imunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) yang terdapat dalam kuning telur telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk imunoterapi dan imunodiagnostik. Salah satu kendala dalam pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur adalah pemisahan Ig dengan lemak, sehingga teknik pemurnian Ig selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan menggunakan sodium chloride (NaCl) serta melakukan karakterisasi IgY spesifik influenza. Sodium chloride dipilih karena bahan kimia ini relatif murah, ramah lingkungan, dan tidak merusak imunoaktivitas IgY. Kuning telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Flubio® yang berisi virus Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 dan B/Washington. Pemurnian IgY hanya dilakukan pada kuning telur yang mengandung antibodi spesifik influenza. Deteksi keberadaan antibodi spesifik influenza ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP) dan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Konsentrasi IgY hasil pemurnian dihitung dengan spektrofotometer dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Konsentrasi protein dari hasil pemurnian IgY memiliki nilai rata – rata 50,403 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan enam pita protein, yaitu struktur IgY utuh (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), rantai berat IgY (66,54 kDa), Fab ( 47,65 kDa), rantai ringan IgY (21,85 kDa), dan β-livetin (36,74 kDa). IgY hasil pemurnian masih dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza berdasarkan uji ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian IgY menggunakan metode pengendapan NaCl dapat memurnikan IgY dengan struktur utuh, meskipun masih ada dua protein tidak spesifik hasil pemurnian. IgY yang dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza mengindikasikan prospek pemanfaatannya untuk pencegahan influenza dan imunodiagnostik., Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) contained in egg yolk has been widely used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. One of the obstacles in IgY purification from egg yolk is separating Ig from fat, so that IgY purification techniques are always developing. This study aimed to purify IgY from egg yolk using sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method and to characterize influenza-specific IgY. Sodium chloride was chosen because this chemical is relatively unexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not impair IgY immunoactivity. The egg yolks used in this study were collected from layer eggs vaccinated with the Flubio® influenza vaccine, which contains the Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B/Washington viruses. IgY purification was only carried out on egg yolks containing influenza specific antibodies. The presence of influenza-specific antibodies was determined by the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The purified IgY concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, and protein characterization was performed using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Protein concentration from purification has a mean value of 50,403 mg/mL . SDS-PAGE result showed six protein bands, namely intact IgY structure (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), IgY heavy chain (66,54 kDa), Fab (47,65 kDa), IgY light chain (21,85 kDa), and β-livetin (36,74 kDa). The purified IgY still able to bind with influenza antigen based on the ELISA test. The results of this study indicate that purification of IgY using the NaCl precipitation method can purify IgY with intact structure, although there are still two unspecific proteins in the purification results. The resulting IgY can bind to influenza antigens indicating the
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, influenza, egg yolk, purification, sodium chloride