Judul: Formulasi, Enkapsulasi, dan Karakterisasi Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Trichodermin sebagai Antifungi Ganoderma boninense In Vitro.
Abstrak: Trichodermin memiliki aktivitas antifungi terhadap Ganoderma boninense, namun senyawa ini bersifat volatil dan tidak larut air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji ekstrak trichodermin dalam bentuk nanoenkapsulat sebagai antifungi G. boninense meliputi formulasi, enkapsulasi, karakterisasi, dan aktivitas antifungi. Trichodermin diekstraksi dari Trichoderma harzianum secara maserasi. Nanoemulsi dibuat menggunakan metode Emulsion Inversion Point (EIP) dan enkapsulasi dilakukan menggunakan spray drying. Aktivitas antifungi diuji dengan metode modified dual culture assay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rendemen ekstraksi trichodermin sebesar 0.70%. Formula nanoemulsi terbaik adalah nanoemulsi dengan konsentrasi Tween 80 sebesar 75% dari total fase organik. Nanoemulsi formula tersebut memiliki ukuran sebesar 231.95 nm, indeks polidispersitas sebesar 0.348, dan potensial zeta sebesar -35.6 mV. Enkapsulasi memiliki rendemen sebesar 5.79%. Serbuk enkapsulat memiliki kadar air sebesar 5.79%, mengandung gugus fungsi khas senyawa trichodermin, dan berbentuk bulat dengan permukaan tidak rata. Aktivitas antifungi enkapsulat nano-trichodermin memiliki nilai PIRG sebesar 84.49%.
Keyword: antifungi, Ganoderma boninense, nanoemulsi, trichodermin

Judul: Formulation and Nanoemulsion  Encapsulation of Citronella (Cymbopogon nardus) Essential Oil and Its Potential as an Antifungal for Ganoderma boninense.
Abstrak: Minyak atsiri pada serai wangi diduga memiliki aktivitas antifungi terhadap Ganoderma boninense. Namun, minyak atsiri merupakan campuran senyawa yang bersifat volatil dan tidak larut dalam air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji kemampuan minyak atsiri serai wangi dalam bentuk enkapsulat nanoemulsi sebagai antifungi G. boninense. Nanoemulsi minyak atsiri serai wangi dibuat menggunakan kombinasi dua metode yaitu teknik energi rendah dan teknik energi tinggi serta dilakukan enkapsulasi dengan teknik spray drying. Efisiensi penjerapan dilakukan dengan menghitung kadar total oil dan surface oil. Aktivitas antifungi diuji dengan metode modified dual culture assay. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan formulasi terbaik nanoemulsi adalah dengan penambahan tween 80 sebesar 100% dari fase organik. Nanoemulsi memiliki ukuran sebesar 102,0±25,7 nm dengan indeks polidispersitas sebesar 0,330. Enkapsulasi memiliki rendemen sebesar 51,92% serta efisiensi enkapsulasi sebesar 49,65 %. Aktivitas antifungi enkapsulat minyak atsiri memiliki nilai Percentage of Inhibition of Radial Growth sebesar 54,44%, The essential oil in citronella was thought to have antifungal activity against Ganoderma boninense, however the essential oil was a mixture of compounds that are volatile and insoluble in water. This research aims to test the ability of citronella essential oil in nanoemulsion encapsulate form as an antifungal for G. boninense. Citronella essential oil nanoemulsion was made using a combination of two methods, namely low-energy and high-energy techniques, and encapsulation was carried out using spray drying technique. Adsorption efficiency was calculated by calculating the total oil and surface oil levels. Antifungal activity was tested using the modified dual culture assay method. The research results showed that the best formulation for nanoemulsion was with the addition of Tween 80 at 100% of the organic phase. The nanoemulsion has a size of 102.0 ± 25.7 nm with a polydispersity index of 0.330. Encapsulation has a yield of 51.92% and an encapsulation efficiency of 49,65%. The antifungal activity of essential oil encapsulates has a Percentage of Inhibition of Radial Growth value of 54,44%.
Keyword: minyak atsiri, nanoemulsi, serai wangi, ganoderma boninense

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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