Judul: Bio-Healing Concrete: Pemanfaatan Kedelai dalam Metode Enzyme-Mediated Calcite Precipitation untuk Perbaikan Keretakan Beton
Abstrak: Enzyme-Mediated Calcite Precipitation (EMCP) merupakan suatu metode yang mengaktifkan enzim urease dari tanaman yang digunakan untuk mengkatalisasi reaksi antara urea dan CaCl2 untuk diendapkan menjadi CaCO3. Metode EMCP dievaluasi, dan kombinasi optimum antara urease, urea, dan kalsium klorida kemudian digunakan sebagai data awal untuk penambahan kedelai sebagai katalis. Sampel beton yang disiapkan berupa beton silinder 5 cm x 10 cm yang selanjutnya diretakkan menggunakan Universal Testing Machine (UTM), dengan lebar yang dikendalikan dalam rentang ±0.2-0.3 mm. Larutan injeksi ditambahkan pada beton menggunakan metode perkolasi, sampai ketinggian larutan 5 mm di atas permukaan beton. Injeksi dilakukan beberapa kali dan pengaruhnya terhadap keretakan beton dievaluasi melalui uji permeabilitas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setelah injeksi ke-4, total kalsit yang terbentuk pada sampel adalah sebanyak 18.3% dari total luas permukaan retakan beton yang mampu mengurangi nilai permeabilitas beton sebesar 95.43%. Sehingga pemanfaatan kedelai pada metode EMCP dianggap layak untuk perbaikan retak beton.
Keyword: EMCP, injeksi, kedelai, permeabilitas, retak

Judul: Utilization of Soybeans as Bio-Catalyst in Calcite Precipitation Method for Repairing Cracks in Concrete
Abstrak: Beton merupakan material yang memiliki kuat tekan tinggi tetapi memiliki kuat tarik yang lebih rendah sehingga beton seringkali retak. Metode perbaikan mulai beralih dari cara konvensional kepada konsep self-healing concrete yang melibatkan pengendapan CaCO3. Pengendapan CaCO3 dapat dilakukan dengan metode enzymatically-induce carbonate precipitation (EICP) melalui kombinasi urease, urea, dan CaCl2 menjadi larutan. Penelitian ini menggunakan ekstrak kedelai sebagai bahan pengganti enzim urease murni. Variasi kadar konsentrasi tepung kedelai yang digunakan sebagai larutan injeksi yaitu variasi kadar tepung kedelai 15 g/L karena menghasilkan massa kalsit optimum sebesar 2.62 gram. Terjadi peningkatan kuat tekan pada beton retak yang diinjeksi (BI) terhadap beton retak (BR). Selain itu, terjadi penurunan nilai permeabilitas dan porositas seiring dengan jumlah injeksi yang dilakukan. Peningkatan kuat tekan, penurunan permeabilitas, dan penurunan porositas pada beton ini disebabkan karena adanya deposisi CaCO3 pada beton yang mampu menutupi pori-pori serta celah keretakan pada beton, Concrete is a material that has a high compressive strength but has a lower tensile strength so that the concrete often cracks. The repair method began to shift from the conventional method to the concept of self-healing concrete which involves the deposition of CaCO3. Precipitation of CaCO3 can be done by enzymatically-induced carbonate precipitation (EICP) method through a combination of urease, urea, and CaCl2 into a solution. This research used soybean extract as a substitute for pure urease enzyme. Variations in the concentration of soybean flour used as injection solution were variations in the content of soybean flour 15 g/L because it produced an optimum calcite mass of 2.62 grams. There was an increase in the compressive strength of injected cracked concrete (BI) against cracked concrete (BR). In addition, there was a decrease in the value of permeability and porosity along with the number of injections carried out. The increase in compressive strength, decrease in permeability, and decrease in porosity in concrete is due to CaCO3 deposition in the concrete which is able to cover the pores and cracks in the concrete
Keyword: Beton, CaCO3, kuat tekan, permeabilitas, porositas, Concrete, compressive strength, permeability, porosity

Judul: Studi sistematika  Oreophryne Boettger, 1895Sulawesi (Anura: Microhylidae)
Abstrak: The cross frogs, genus Oreophryne Boettger, 1895 are most diverse in the mainland of New Guinea and adjacent islands, to the Wallacea region in the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and the Lesser Sunda Islands, even marginally to the Oriental region in Bali and to the southern Philippine Islands. In Sulawesi, this taxon consists of three species but has rarely been reported since their original descriptions and remained unstudied in both taxonomical work and molecular study. This research aims to evaluate the taxonomic status of the cross frogs in Sulawesi based on morphology and estimate the phylogenetic using the 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed under Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses. We used the specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne which were stored at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). A total of about 19 morphological characters were measured by a digital caliper and ocular micrometer to the nearest 0.01 mm. The phylogenetic tree shows that the three nominal species of Oreophryne from Sulawesi are clearly clustered. Correspondingly, the phylogenetic analysis supports the recognition of a new taxon, Oreophryne sp. However, the phylogenetic relationships between Oreophryne within Wallacea remain unresolved. Consequently, further systematic analysis along with additional sequences from the type locality is necessary to clarify the interspecific relationship among this region. We examined the morphology of 50 voucher specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne. The validity of O. celebensis, O. variabilis, and O. zimmeri was confirmed in this study, but still the latter remains to be established. The three nominal species examined here were not collected from the type locality, so additional specimens, either in the type locality, new locations, or in other areas on this island are needed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these species deeply. Moreover, the unnamed species from the highland of the Mekongga mountains differ morphologically and genetically from all previously described Sulawesian Oreophryne. This distinct species will increase the number of cross frogs in Sulawesi to four species, all of which are endemic.
Keyword: frog, morphology, Oreophryne, phylogenetic, Sulawesi, systematics