Judul: Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Polistirena Terfluorinasi untuk nnnnnnnDirect Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: One of common energy resources is direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), which use methanol as fuel. The important component in DMFC is proton exchange membrane. The study used fluorinated polystyrene membrane (PSf) as proton exchange membrane through fluorination process. PSf membrane was made with PSf concentration of 5%, 10%, and 15 %. Fluorination has caused change of membrane physical properties with presence of pores in the membranes. The best water uptake was shown by PSf 5% that is 11.07%. Membrane activation increased the proton conductivity from 0.52 × 10-7 S/cm to 0.54 × 10-7 S/cm for polysryrene (PS) and 0.44 × 10-7 S/cm to 0.69× 10-7 S/cm for the PSf. Qualitative test of methanol permeability showed good result with dry underneath the surface of membrane because methanol did not pass through the membrane. In DMFC system, proton conductivity of the PSf membrane is higher than that of PS membrane, while variation of conductivity from PSf membranes is caused by gaps at the PSf membranes.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Penukar Proton Polistirena Tersulfonasi sebagai Bahan Perangkat Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Sulfonated polystyrene can be used as proton exchange membrane (PEM). Characterization and performance of PEM has been performed on sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) using fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electrone microscope, and degree of sulfonation (DS) parameter. The success of the process indicated by the DS of the membrane PSS 3%, 5%, and 10% were 35.09%; 42,26%; and 48.15%, respectively. The infrared spectrum shows that sulfonation has been succesful in 10% PSS membranes as indicated by the presence of sulfonate groups (-SO3) at wavenumber 1029.39 and 1178.03 cm-1. PSS membrane surface morphology is categorized non-porouse. Methanol permeability with qualitative test showed that the membrane PSS 3%, 5%, and 10% have no infiltration. The results of measurements of the conductivity (σ) obtained by PS, PSS 3%, PSS 5%, and PSS 10% were (0.0114; 1.5511; 3.0919; and 3.8949) × 10-6 S/cm, respectively. So that the membrane PSS 3%, 5%, and 10% can be used as a device in direct methanol fuel cell.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan