Judul: Karakteristik Gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) pada Ulat Sutera Liar (Attacus atlas L.) asal Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Attacus atlas is a silkworm of Indonesia, distributing from Nangroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD) to West Papua. Based on genetic databases from GenBank, there is no genome complete data of this species, especially Indonesian origin. This study was aimed to characterize A. atlas COI gene originated from West Java Province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the tissue of A. atlas larvae from Bogor and Purwakarta. DNA extraction were then followed with DNA amplification and sequencing of COI gene. A. atlas COI gene were aligned along with other spesies COI gene to compare nucleotide sequences of COI gene. COI gene sequence data of the others were acquired from GenBank. Cricula trifenestrata, Antheraea pernyi, Bombyx mori, and Bombyx mandarina were among species included in the alignment. Six samples were amplified and the amplification product was 595 nt, which was then analyzed with MEGA 4.0 software. This study was able to characterize A. atlas COI gene and product was 508 nt. Nucleotide sequences of the gene was monomorfic and conserved in the species level. There are 31 diagnostic nucleotide sites characterizing A. atlas. Group separation was distinct between the member of Saturniidae family (A. atlas, C. trifenestrata, and A. pernyi) with the member of Bombycidae family (B. mori and B. mandarina). Phylogenetic analysis of A. atlas showed that A. atlas possesses separate nodes, while the position of C. trifenestrata closes to A. pernyi
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Judul: Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene Variations of Mitochondrial DNA of Apis cerana
Abstrak: Apis cerana is a native honey bee of Asia, ranging from China to the Philippines. Based on genetic a databases in GenBank of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) A. cerana from Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and Russia occur nine haplotypes. However, there is no COI data haplotype of A. cerana from Indonesia. This study was aimed to explore haplotype variations of COI gene of A. cerana from Java, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores. Collection and extraction of A. cerana DNA was carried out from those four islands. DNA extraction and amplification process were followed with DNA sequences of COI gene. This study revealed six new variations haplotypes A. cerana from Java, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores Indonesia. Two haplotypes were seen each from Java and Flores as well as one haplotype each from Lombok and Sumbawa. All honey bee A. cerana in Java showed the same COI haplotype except for those samples from Cililin, West Java, this might be due to the isolation area of Cililin. Haplotypes variation in Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores occured could be due to the isolation of these islands by sea. Alignment was performed on A. cerana COI sequences from the results of this study with GenBank database, showed that based on COI, honey bee A. cerana from Java, Sabah, and Brunei were closely related and clustered in the same group. This phenomena support the theory of the Asian unity mainland in the Pleistocene Era. Honey bee A. cerana COI haplotypes from Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores were different from any other haplotypes. This might be due to in the Pleistocene Era, those islands were the emergen areas of a broad zone in shallow water
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Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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