Judul: Analysis of the Sustainability of the Cattle Breeding Business in Situ Bolang, Cikedung Sub-District, Indramayu Regency, West Java
Abstrak: The increase in population growth has led to an increase in foods of animal origin, one of which is meat. The demand for beef is not matched by an increase in the national cattle population and productivity. Policies on cattle breeding in the future require basic information, potential resources, and supporting facilities that are actualized in indicators and aspects of sustainability. The aim of this study is to look at the potential, index, and sustainability status of a cattle breeding business with semi-intensive and intensive rearing patterns using multi-indicators to evaluate the basis for formulating sustainable livestock development policies. The analytical method uses multidimensional scaling (MDS) with the Rap-UPTS approach for analysis of index values and sustainability status. To detect sensitive indicators and misjudgments of sustainability values for each aspect, leverage and Monte Carlo analyses were carried out. The number of respondents was 24 people, divided into two groups: 12 semi-intensive breeders and 12 intensive breeders. The results of the sustainability index analysis showed that the semi intensive maintenance pattern obtained an index value of 52.32 and the intensive maintenance pattern 56.55 from an index of 0-100. The two maintenance patterns fall into the fairly sustainable status category and show similarity in the stress value of 0.13, where this gain is valid because it is
Keyword: Indramayu Regency, intensive, semi-intensive, sustainability cattle, Rap-UPTS

Judul: Model of sustainable agropolitan region development based on animal husbandry at Situbondo
Abstrak: Rural development for Situbondo Region which based on agriculture and animal husbandry is Agropolitan Region based on animal husbandry. The purposes of this research were (1) to identify the potency, development level, and sustainability of The Situbondo Region. 2) to develop a model of sustainable agropolitan region based on animal husbandry; and 3) to formulate policy direction and strategy of agropolitan development. Research conducted at some areas of the ranch based in Situbondo, namely: Asembagus, Jangkar, Arjasa, Kapongan, and Mangaran. Types of data analysis applied in this study were location quotient (LQ) analysis, analysis of superior and leading commodity, the analysis of farming, analysis of area typology, principle component analysis (PCA), cluster analysis, scalogram analysis, and analysis of centrality, multidimensional scaling (MDS), prospective analysis, and dynamic system analysis. The results showed that Situbondo Region had some bases commodities on farm such as: beef cattle, sheep, goats, and ducks. Cattle production (fattening) as a leading commodity gives highest profit for farmer (Rp 4 250 000,-/head/year). Situbondo Region also constitutes Pre-Agropolitan II category; including 4 villages at advanced level, 17 villages at medium level and 21 villages at low level of growth development. From the sustainability analysis which analysed 73 attributes only 24 attributes are sensitive to the value of sustainability index based on farms area. Considering status of eco-dimensional (46.50%), technology of infrastructure (45.48%), and institutional (47.46%) showed the status of less sustainable, whereas the economic dimensions (69.53%) and socio-cultural (55.14%) showed quite sustainable condition. Focussed on repairing these sensitive attributes that affected sustainability, it can improves the sustainability status for future scenarios. With dynamic system analysis, we can find out that up to 2025, the population patterns tends to grow positively and exponentially, while agropolitan productions and farming profits have the same patterns until at one point, will moves to an equilibrium point (stable conditions) because of the “limit to growth” processes (archetype). Therefore, optimistic scenarios with great intervention on one or more affected variables need to apply to increase the model performance. Finally, Situbondo development policies should based on The County Farm by forming Village Growth Center and hinterland completed with facilities and infrastructures, actuation commodity diversification and home industries breeders, improvement production through extensification and intensification, fostering economic and social institutions, entwining partnership between stakeholders, and capability improvement of human resources especially for the breeders.
Keyword: 

Judul: Reduksi artemisin dengan NaBH4 daan metilasi produk dengan diazometana
Abstrak: Malaria, paludisme, demam intermitens, panas dingin, demam Roma, demam Chagres, demam rawa, demam tropik, demam pantai, dan "ague" adalah istilah untuk penyakit mematikan yang membayangi setiap manusia di bumi ini. Data WHO menunjukkan bahwa ± 270 juta manusia setiap tahunnya menderita penyakit ini dan diperkirakan 2 sampai 3 juta orang meninggal. Ada dua cara yang biasa ditempuh untuk menanggulangi penyakit malaria. Pertama dengan membunuh vektornya, misalnya penyemprotan DDT, dan kedua, membunuh parasitnya dengan obat-obat antimalaria, seperti artemisinin. Artemisinin mudah sekali terurai dalam darah dan memiliki aktivitas oral yang rendah. Aplikasi klinis artemisinin sangat sulit karena kelarutannya yang rendah dalam pelarut air dan minyak. Jika artemisinin direduksi dengan reduktor lembut NaBH4, gugus karbonil pada Cio berubah menjadi gugus hidroksil. Metilasi gugus hidroksil akan menghasilkan turunan eter (artemeter) yang memiliki aktivitas lebih tinggi dari artemisinin. Sintesis eter melalui metilasi hidroksil dengan boron trifluorida menghasilkan 32 derivat eter, yang didalamnya terdapat epimer artemeter sebagai produk minor. Metilasi yang lebih kuantitatif dan selektif dapat dicapai dengan diazometana. Metilasi dengan diazometana tidak menghasilkan produk samping yang banyak. Molekul target (artemeter) yang dihasilkan dapat merupakan produk mayor. Hidroborasi artemisinin menghasilkan kristal 2 yang diidentifikasi sebagai dihidroartemisinin (t.1. 151- 153°C). TLC-nya terdiri dari 1 noda bulat dengan Rf 0.24. Spektrum GC pada GC-MS menunjukkan dihidroartemisinin sintesis (tr 17.421 menit) masih terkotori oleh artemisinin sisa (tr 15.771 menit). Pola fragmentasi artemisinin sisa, mirip dengan pola fragmentasi artemisinin standar. Tingkat kemurnian kristal yang didapat ialah 90%. Diazotisasi dengan waktu kontak 1 jam, 8 jam, dan 18 jam tidak mengubah dihidroartemisinin menjadi molekul target. Sedangkan waktu kontak 36 jam akan mengubah dihidroartemisinin menjadi senyawa 8. Senyawa ini terdiri dari dihidroartemisinin sisa (Rf 0.26), senyawa target (Rf 0.78), dan senyawa dengan konsentrasi terbesar, hasil reaksi pesaing, artemisinin (Rf 0.85).
Keyword: reduction