Judul: Hubungan Nudibranch dan Substrat di Perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Substrat dasar perairan Pulau Pramuka berperan penting dalam kehidupan nudibranch sebagai hewan gastropoda, yaitu sebagai media tempat menempel dan berjalan, sekaligus tempat mencari makan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan nudibranch dan substrat dasar perairan di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Pengambilan data nudibranch dilakukan pada lima stasiun dengan penyelaman menggunakan metode Belt Transect, sedangkan data substrat menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Analisis data substrat mencakup tiga tipe yaitu tutupan substrat per stasiun, tutupan substrat di area sekitar nudibranch, dan substrat tempat menempel nudibranch. Analisis data nudibranch mencakup komposisi spesies, kepadatan, dan keanekaragaman. Nudibranch yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 73 individu yang termasuk ke dalam tiga famili yaitu Phyllidiidae, Facelinidae dan Flabellinidae. Stasiun dengan tutupan karang hidup lebih tinggi memiliki nilai kepadatan dan keanekaragaman nudibranch yang lebih tinggi. Substrat sebagai habitat nudibranch didominasi oleh pasir dan rubble sedangkan substrat tempat menempel nudibranch didominasi oleh substrat karang mati yang tertutup alga.
Keyword: coral reef, dead coral, nudibranch, sponge, substrate

Judul: Hubungan Kelimpahan Makrozoobenthos dengan Karakteristik Habitat di Perairan Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Panggang
Abstrak: Makrozoobenthos menghuni berbagai habitat perairan dan umumnya ditemukan berasosiasi erat dengan substrat dasar perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari keterkaitan karakteristik substrat habitat dengan kelimpahan spesies makrozoobenthos di perairan Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Panggang, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Pengamatan data makrozoobenthos dilakukan dengan metode transek sabuk yang dimodifikasi pada tiga stasiun dengan kondisi habitat yang berbeda, serta dilakukan pengambilan data komunitas bentik dengan metode Line intersect transect dan pengukuran data kualitas perairan pada tiap stasiunnya. Hasil pengamatan pada Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Panggang menunjukkan terdapat 6 filum, 29 famili, dan 45 spesies makrozoobenthos. Jumlah total relatif makrozoobenthos yang ditemukan pada ketiga stasiun berjumlah 410 individu/602. Ketiga stasiun memiliki jumlah kelimpahan relatif makrozoobenthos dan spesies makrozoobenthos yang berbeda, dimana Stasiun 1 yang terletak diantara Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Panggang memiliki kelimpahan relatif tertinggi dan Stasiun 3 yang terletak di bagian barat daya Pulau Panggang memiliki kelimpahan relatif terendah. Hasil analisis korespondensi menunjukkan jika beberapa spesies makrozoobenthos memiliki kaitan yang erat terhadap substrat habitatnya. Makrozoobenthos yang berasal dari filum Moluska, khususnya Pedum spondyloideum berkelompok dengan kondisi substrat yang memiliki hard coral, sedangkan terdapat juga makrozoobenthos berspesies Phyllidia varicosa yang tidak berkelompok dengan jenis substrat apapun., Macrozoobenthos inhabit various aquatic habitats and are commonly found closely associated with the substrate of the water bottom. This research aims to find the relationship between habitat substrate characteristics and the abundance of macrozoobenthos species in the waters of Pramuka Island and Panggang Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta. Macrozoobenthos data observations were carried out using a modified belt transect method at three stations with different habitat conditions. Additionally, benthic community data were collected using the Line intersect transect method, and water quality data were measured at each station. The observation results on Pramuka Island and Panggang Island showed that there were 6 phyla, 29 families and 45 macrozoobenthos species. The total relative abundance of macrozoobenthos found at all the three stations was 410 individuals/602. The three stations have different relative abundances of macrozoobenthos and macrozoobenthos species, where Station 1 that located between Pramuka and Panggang island has the highest relative abundance and Station 3 that located at southwest of Panggang island has the lowest relative abundance. The results of the correspondence analysis show that several macrozoobenthos species have a close relationship to their habitat substrate. Macrozoobenthos from the Mollusca phylum, especially Pedum spondyloideum, group with bottom substrate that have high hard coral coverage, while there are also macrozoobenthos of the Phyllidia varicosa species that do not group with any type of substrate
Keyword: coral reef, habitat characteristic, macrozoobenthos, substrate

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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