Judul: Response of Giving IBA, MSG and Rootone-F on the Growth
of Avocado Plant Stem Cuttings (Persea americana Mill.).
Abstrak: Tanaman alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) adalah tanaman holtikultura yang perlu dikembangkan karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh bagian bahan setek batang (batang bagian ujung dan bagian pangkal) serta konsentrasi ZPT (Zat Pengatur Tumbuh) berupa IBA (Indole butryic acid) konsentrasi (20 ppm dan 30 ppm), MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) konsentrasi (20 ppm dan 100 ppm) dan Rootone-F pasta 1000 ppm terhadap kemampuan berakar dan bertunas pada tanaman alpukat. Parameter keberhasilan yang diamati adalah persen hidup, persen berakar, jumlah akar, panjang akar, waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas. Perlakuan pemberian ZPT tambahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter persen hidup, persen berakar dan waktu muncul tunas alpukat. Perlakuan MSG 20 ppm memberikan hasil terbaik untuk merangsang perakaran sebesar 60%. Perlakuan bagian batang berpengaruh terhadap parameter persen hidup dan jumlah tunas. Perlakuan batang bagian pangkal memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap persen hidup setek sebesar 61,11%., The avocado plant (Persea americana Mill.) is a horticultural plant that needs to be developed because it has high economic value. The aim of this research is: to determine the effect of the stem cutting material (stem end and base) as well as the concentration of ZPT (Growth Regulator) in the form of IBA (Indole butryic acid) concentration (20 ppm and 30 ppm), MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) concentration (20 ppm and 100 ppm) and RootoneF paste 1000 ppm on the ability to root and sprout in avocado plants. The success parameters observed is percent alive, percent rooted, number of roots, root length, time shoots appeared, number of shoots. The treatment of providing additional ZPT had a significant effect on the parameters of percent alive, percent rooted and time to emergence of avocado shoots. 20 ppm MSG treatment gave the best results to stimulate rooting by 60%. The treatment of the stem part affects the parameters of the live cutting and the number of shoots. Treatment of the base of the stem gave the best results for the percentage of survival of the cuttings at 61.11%.
Keyword: akar, tunas, vegetatif, zat pengatur tumbuh

Judul: Evaluation of the Use of Inorganic, Organic, and  Biofertilizers on the Growth of Avocado Plants (Persea americana Mill.) at  Superavo Orchard, Subang
Abstrak: Peningkatan jumlah produksi alpukat dipengaruhi oleh efektivitas pemupukan. Pemupukan adalah hal terpenting dalam pertanian untuk meningkatkan nutrisi tanaman, mencapai tinggi hasil, dan perubahan lingkungan tanah. Efektivitas kombinasi pupuk anorganik dan pupuk hayati diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas dan kuantitas tanaman serta memperkecil peluang terjadinya degradasi lahan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan faktor tunggal berupa pemupukan. RAK ini mempunyai sembilan taraf perlakuan, yaitu: 1) kontrol (tanpa pupuk NPK dan hayati), 2) pupuk NPK 100%, 3) pupuk NPK 50%, 4) pupuk NPK 100% + pupuk hayati 100%, 5) pupuk NPK 100% + pupuk hayati 50%, 6) pupuk NPK 50% + pupuk hayati 100%, 7) pupuk NPK 50% + pupuk hayati 50%, 8) pupuk hayati 100%, 9) pupuk hayati 50%. Perlakuan ini diulang sebanyak lima ulangan. Pupuk dasar yang digunakan, yaitu pupuk kandang sebanyak 1,25 kg/pohon. Hasil siginifikan terjadi pada laju tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang tersier, N-total, dan aktivitas invertase tanah. Secara keseluruhan perlakuan terbaik adalah kombinasi dari pupuk NPK dan pupuk hayati khususnya pada perlakuan P3, yaitu kombinasi antara NPK 100% dan pupuk hayati 100%. Hal ini terlihat pada pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman alpukat serta hasil analisis kimia dan biologi tanah yang meningkat., Increasing the amount of avocado production is influenced by the effectiveness of fertilization. Fertilization is the most important thing in agriculture to improve plant nutrition, achieve high yields, and change the soil environment. The effectiveness of the combination of inorganic fertilizer and biofertilizer is needed to improve the quality and quantity of plants and reduce the chances of land degradation. The experimental design used was a randomized block design (RBD) with a single factor in fertilization. This RAK has nine treatment levels, namely: 1) control (without NPK and biofertilizer), 2) 100% NPK fertilizer, 3) 50% NPK fertilizer, 4) 100% NPK fertilizer + 100% biofertilizer, 5) NPK fertilizer 100% + 50% biofertilizer, 6) 50% NPK fertilizer + 100% biofertilizer, 7) 50% NPK fertilizer + 50% biofertilizer, 8) 100% biofertilizer, 9) 50% biofertilizer. This treatment was repeated five times. The basic fertilizer used, namely manure as much as 1.25 kg/tree. Significant results occurred in plant height, the number of tertiary branches, total N, and soil invertase activity. Overall, the best treatment was a combination of NPK fertilizer and biological fertilizer, especially in the P3 treatment, namely a combination of 100% NPK and 100% biological fertilizer. This can be seen in the vegetative growth of avocado plants and the soil's chemical and biological analysis, which have increased.
Keyword: Effectiveness, Fertilization, Soil chemical properties analysis, Soil  biological analysis

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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