Judul: Kajian Kinerja Proses Membran Nanofiltrasi dalam Pemisahan Asam Amino dari Hidrolisat Enzimatik Protein Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus)
Abstrak: Enzymatic protein hydrolisis can afford to prevent severity and rasemination of amino acid. Separation of amino acid using nanofiltration membrane could be an alternative methode that is possible ti apply in industrial scale.
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Judul: Pencirian membran selulosa asetat berbahan dasar selulosa bakteri dari limbah nanas
Abstrak: Penyaringan membran untuk industri makanan dan pengolahan limbah adalah sebuah tantangan dalam aplikasinya. Membran komersial memiliki harga yang relatif tinggi. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dicari metode yang sederhana untuk mendapatkan membran yang murah. Sebuah metode alternatif untuk membuat membran selulosa asetat (CA) berbahan dasar selulosa bakteri dari limbah nanas dicoba dalam penelitian ini. Selulosa bakteri (BC) dari limbah nanas yang dibentuk oleh Acetobater xylinum dimerserisasi dalam NaOH 1% (b/v). Bubuk BC kering diasetilasi dengan anhidrida asam asetat (1:5) (selulosa:anhidrida) selama 2 jam. Membran CA dibuat dengan cara melarutkan serpihan CA 14% (b/v) ke dalam diklorometana. Membran dibentuk dengan cara mencetak polimer CA dalam pelarut diklorometana menjadi film tipis. Membran CA dicirikan menggunakan seperangkat alat saring cross-flow. Alat saring cross-flow digunakan untuk pengukuran fluks air dan penyaringan bovine serum albumin (BSA). Penelitian ini menghasilkan selulosa asetat dengan kadar asetil 42.99% (setara dengan derajat asetilasi 2.8 sampai 2.9), kadar air 34.06%, dan rendemen sebesar 148.33%. Membran CA memiliki fluks air yang optimal pada tekanan 7.5 psi, dengan nilai rerata fluks sebesar 123.97 L/m2jam. Membran CA memiliki nilai fluks BSA sebesar 114.22 L/m2jam dan rerata rejeksi BSA sebesar 44.98%. Membran ini memiliki fungsi mikrofiltrasi bila dilihat dari hasil pencirian.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite