Judul: Analisis Ekspresi Gen AGAMOUS2, SQUAMOSA1, dan EGAD1 Organ Reproduktif dan Vegetatif Elaeis guineensis Jacq
Abstrak: One of the major problems encountered in micropropagation of oil palm through tissue culture is mantled abnormality. One of genes reported to involve in the mantled is EGAD1, a gene coding for putative plant defensin. Abnormality also influenced by floral genes, for example AG2 and SQUA1. This experiment aimed to analyze of the AG2, SQUA1 and EGAD1 expression on reproductive and vegetative organs of abnormal and normal oil palm. RNA was isolated from flower and leaf of abnormal and normal oil palm. The AG2, SQUA1 and EGAD1 expression observed by RT-PCR method. To further confirm the result, UnScan gel IT software was also utilized. Expression of AG2 not found in abnormal and normal oil palm leaf. SQUA1 and EGAD1 expression in normal oil palm leaf higher than abnormal. Expression quantity of SQUA1 and EGAD1 in normal oil palm leaf is 80.20 ng/mL and 15.96 ng/mL. In contrast, expression of AG2, SQUA1, dan EGAD1 in abnormal oil palm flower higher than normal. AG2, SQUA1, dan EGAD1 quantity in abnormal oil palm flower is 174.20 ng/mL, 120.72 ng/mL, dan 130.55 ng/mL.
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Judul: Studi Ekspresi Gen Penyandi AGAMOUS dan LEAFY Tanaman Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Normal dan Abnormal Hasil Kultur Jaringan
Abstrak: Tissue culture of oil palm has been established, but its commercialization has been hampered by reproductive organ abnormality. The development of flowers and fruits is influenced by expression of genes controlling organ identity. The function AGAMOUS (AG) gene is to induce organ identity, whereas the function LEAFY (LFY) gene is to induce AG expression. A research was conducted to study AG and LFY transcript accumulation (expression) in several developmental reproductive organs of normal and abnormal oil palm derived from tissue culture. Total RNA was isolated from flowers and fruits of normal and abnormal oil palm trees derived from tissue culture. Synthesis of first strand cDNA was carried out using total RNA. Amplification of AG and LFY gene fragment were conducted by means of RT-PCR technique using specific primers. The RT-PCR product was isolated, cloned, sequenced and analysed to confirm its homology to the target gene. Accumulation of AG and LFY transcript was analysed by quantitative program of UN-SCAN-IT GelTM connected to gel doc. The results revealed that RT-PCR product of AG is highly homologous with AG gene sequence of oil palm from the GenBank. Reproductive organ of normal and abnormal oil palm accumulated AG, but LFY could not be detected. There was difference of quantity on AG transcript accumulation between normal and abnormal oil palm. The biggest difference was detected between normal and abnormal fruits. AG fragments of normal oil palm has maximum identity of 100% with that of oil palm AG sequence from the GenBank, whereas AG fragments of abnormal oil palm has maximum identity of 99%. Difference in one nucleotide was detected between AG DNA sequence of normal and abnormal oil palm.
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik