Judul: Konsumsi Minuman Berpemanis dan Berkafein Kaitannya dengan Usia Menarche.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari hubungan antara konsumsi minuman berpemanis dan berkafein dengan usia menarche. Penelitian dengan desain cross-sectional study ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai April 2017. Contoh dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 82 orang (41 contoh gemuk dan 41 normal) yang berasal dari siswi kelas VII SMP Negeri 1 Ciomas, SMP Informatika Bina Generasi, dan SMP Rimba Teruna, Bogor. Data karakteristik contoh dan keluarga serta usia menarche didapatkan dengan cara pengisian kuesioner, data status gizi didapatkan dengan pengukuran antropometri berdasarkan IMT/U, sedangkan data konsumsi pangan didapatkan dari wawancara food recall 2 x 24 jam dan SQFFQ. Usia menarche contoh gemuk signifikan lebih cepat daripada contoh normal dan usia menarche ibu contoh gemuk cenderung lebih cepat dari usia menarche ibu contoh normal. Terdapat hubungan signifikan negatif antara tingkat kecukupan energi dengan IMT/U (p=0.011;r=-0.281) serta IMT/U dengan usia menarche (p=0.000;r=-0.392). Terdapat hubungan signifikan positif usia menarche ibu dengan usia menarche contoh (p=0.034;r=0.235) dan tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara konsumsi minuman berpemanis dan berkafein dengan usia menarche, akan tetapi contoh dengan menarche cepat cenderung mengonsumi kafein lebih tinggi daripada contoh menarche normal. Contoh dengan IMT yang lebih tinggi serta memiliki keturunan menarche cepat cenderung lebih cepat mengalami menstruasi.
Keyword: menarche, minuman berpemanis, minuman berkafein, status gizi

Judul: Keragaman Konsumsi Pangan kaitannya dengan Status Gizi dan Usia Menarche pada Remaja Putri.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara keragaman konsumsi pangan dengan status gizi dan usia menarche pada remaja putri. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah desain cross sectional study dengan jumlah contoh sebanyak 82 orang (41 orang gemuk dan 41 orang normal). Contoh merupakan siswi kelas VII dari SMP Negeri 1 Ciomas, SMP Informatika Bina Generasi, dan SMP Rimba Teruna. Data Keragaman konsumsi pangan diolah menggunakan instrumen dietary diversity score (DDS) dari data food recall 2x24 jam. Status gizi diestimasi berdasarkan IMT/U, yang data berat badan dan tinggi badan diukur secara langsung. Data usia menarche dikumpulkan dengan wawancara menggunakan kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan positif antara pendapatan ayah dengan uang saku contoh (p= 0.033, r=0.236) serta besar keluarga dengan tingkat kecukupan energi (TKE) (p=0.05, r=0.218). Terdapat hubungan yang signifikan negatif antara tingkat kecukupan energi (p=0.05, r=-0.216) dan keragaman konsumsi pangan (DDS) (p=0.008, r=-0.289) dengan status gizi (IMT/U) dan status gizi dengan usia menarche (p=0.00, r=-0.392). Anak dengan skor DDS tinggi (baik) cenderung memiliki status gizi yang baik (normal). Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa semakin tinggi IMT/U anak (semakin gemuk), maka cenderung semakin cepat mengalami menstruasi.
Keyword: dietary diversity score (DDS), status gizi, usia menarche

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable