Judul: Seroprevalensi dan Faktor Risiko Penularan Mycoplasma gallisepticum pada Peternakan Ayam Petelur Komersial di Kabupaten Blitar
Abstrak: Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) may cause chronic respiratory disease (CRD) in chickens, an endemic disease in poultry flock and economically significant disease of poultry industry not only in Indonesia but also in many countries around the world. CRD are included in the category of notifiable disease, which means in CRD case occur in the field should be immediately reported to government to be handled. Only few farmers are aware that CRD caused economic losses from upstream to downstream. Economic losses is not caused by high mortality, but is caused by reduced egg production, reduced fertility and hatchability in the range of 8% to 30%, increased embrio mortality up to 20%, increased chicks mortality up to 10%, inhibited weight gain, and increased feed convertion. This study aims to (1) determine a seroprevalence of MG in commercial layer farm in Blitar Regency; (2) create an overview map of the distribution of CRD cases in commercial layer farm; (3) identify any risk factors involved in the CRD infection in some commercial layer farms in Blitar Regency. The study was using cross-sectional field study design, in which data was only taken at one time. The data of blood serum sample of commercial layer and the data of questionnaire from farmers and poultry experts was collected. Blood serum sample from commercial layer chickens tested in laboratory using rapid serum agglutination (RSA) test. Data of laboratory results was processed to determine the crude seroprevalence rate and standardized risk ratio value. Data from the questionnaires distributed to farmers were processed using Cramer’s V correlation test and logistic regression in SPSS version 17, while the data from poultry expert questionnaires were processed using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Expert Choice computer program. The results showed that 26 samples of 264 samples tested were found positive for MG, while 238 were found negative, indicating a share of 9.85% among of respiratory disease. Positive sample for MG was found in 10 sub-districts and negative sample was found in 12 sub-districts. Bakung sub-district has the highest risk of MG infection (SRR = 5.0), followed by Udan Awu sub-district (SRR = 4.0). Gandusari and Sutojayan sub-districts have the same SRR value (SRR = 3.0), the other five sub-districts (Srengat, Wlingi, Selopuro, Wonotirto, and Wates sub-districts) only has SRR value 2,0. Binangun sub-district has SSR value 1,0 while the other sub-district has the lowest risk of MG infection (SRR = 0.0) Based on Cramer’s V correlation test showed that the very significant variables (p < 0.01) of laboratory test results were the feed storage procedure (r = 0.252; p = 0.000), flocking density (r = 0.232; p = 0.001), vitamin intake (r = 0.194; p = 0.007), feeding techniques (r = 0.197; p = 0.001) and intensity of house disinfection (r = 0.198; p = 0.006). The logistic regression analysis results showed that the very significant risk factors of MG infection in commercial layer farm were the flocking density of 1501 to 3000 birds (p = 0.004; OR = 3.4) and higher vii (p = 0.001; OR = 6.1), bird feeding once a day (p =
Keyword: risk factors, commercial layer chicken, Blitar Regency., Mycoplasma gallisepticum, seroprevalence

Judul: Penggunaan Antigen Mycoplasma gallisepticum Freeze-Thawing dalam Teknik Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Abstrak: Chronic Respiratory Disease (CRD) merupakan infeksi bakterial pada ayam yang disebabkan oleh Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum). CRD dapat mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi yang cukup besar bagi industri peternakan ayam, karena dapat menurunkan produksi telur, efisiensi pakan, meningkatnya biaya pengobatan, turunnya nilai karkas dan kualitas telur. Penyakit ini bersifat endemik, dan hewan yang terinfeksi bersifat karier sehingga penyakit ini sulit dihilangkan. Monitoring terhadap CRD sangat penting dilakukan di peternakanpeternakan. Monitoring yang umum dilakukan adalah dengan uji serologi Rapid Serum Agglutination (RSA), Haemagglutination Inhibition (HI) atau Enzyme- Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan kit Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) untuk mendeteksi antibodi terhadap M. gallisepticum dengan menggunakan antigen yang dipreparasi dengan freeze-thawing. Nilai cut-off ditentukan jika S/N>2 adalah positif. Serum ayam yang diuji RSA, kit ELISA yang dikembangkan dan kit ELISA komersial dalam penelitian ini adalah antiserum yang diproduksi menggunakan antigen utuh M. gallisepticum, lived dan killed vaccine. Serum dikoleksi pada minggu pertama sampai minggu keenam setelah penyuntikan dan vaksinasi. Optimasi kit ELISA yang dikembangkan (MyGELISA) adalah konsentrasi protein antigen 10 μg/ml, pengenceran serum 1:800 dan pengenceran konjugat 1:10000. Sampel serum ayam yang digunakan untuk validasi ELISA sebanyak 116 sampel. Hasil validasi dianalisa dengan ROC curve menggunakan MedCalc statistical software diperoleh hasil nilai sensitivitas 100%, spesifisitas 86.21% dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil pengujian dengan MyGELISA pada antiserum yang diproduksi dengan antigen utuh adalah seluruhnya positif (4/4). Hasil pengujian antiserum yang diproduksi dengan lived vaccine ts-11 adalah seluruhnya negatif (0/10). Secara umum ts-11 memproduksi respon serologi yang lemah. Hasil pengujian antiserum ayam yang diproduksi dengan killed vaccine 6/85 adalah 2 sampel positif (2/10) pada minggu keenam setelah vaksinasi. Pengujian antiserum yang diproduksi dengan antigen utuh menggunakan kit ELISA komersial diperoleh hasil seluruhnya positif kecuali pada minggu pertama setelah penyuntikan antigen utuh 2 sampel diperoleh hasil negatif. Pengujian antiserum yang diproduksi dengan lived vaccine dan killed vaccine diperoleh hasil hampir seluruhnya positif. Kit ELISA yang dikembangkan dalam penelitian ini (MyGELISA) menggunakan antigen coating yang dipreparasi dengan frezee-thawing sebagai soluble antigen dapat digunakan untuk pengujian antibodi terhadap M. gallisepticum. Adapun untuk evaluasi serum ayam yang divaksin dengan lived maupun killed vaccine M. gallisepticum sebagian besar hasil yang diperoleh negatif.
Keyword: CRD, ELISA, freeze-thawing, M. gallisepticum, MyGELISA

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology