Judul: Pengaruh status ekonomi keluarga terhadap motif menikah dini di Perdesaan
Abstrak: Pernikahan yang dilakukan pada perempuan di bawah umur berkaitan dengan kesiapan fisik maupun psikis yang belum mencapai kematangan termasuk pembentukan identitas diri maupun sosial individu sebagai remaja yang berada pada masa pencarian identitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi motif-motif dan faktor yang melatarbelakangi pernikahan dini yang terjadi, serta menganalisis hubungannya terhadap pembentukan identitas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode penelitian survei. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 30 orang. Pengujian pengaruh antara variabel faktor-faktor menikah dini terhadap motif menikah dini dilakukan dengan menggunakan uji regresi berganda, sedangkan variabel pembentukan identitas diuji melalui pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa pernikahan dini yang terjadi dilatarbelakangi oleh motif remaja untuk memenuhi kebutuhan akan keamanan, sosial, dan harga diri. Pembentukan identitas yang terbentuk pada remaja putri yang melakukan menikah dini ialah pembentukan identitas diri kuat dan pembentukan identitas sosial lemah., A marriage of under age women related with physical as well as psychological state of readiness which have not reached maturity include the formation of self identity and social identity as an adolescence that in fact are on the search for identity. The purpose of this research is to identify the motives and factors which aspects influenced early marriages that occurred, as well as analyzing its relationship towards the formation of identity. The research was carried out using survey research methods. Data collection was done using a purposive sampling technique with 30 respondents. Influence testing between variables factors of early married toward motives of early married conducted using test of multiple regression while formation of identity tested through by qualitatif description. The result showed that early marriage occurred by adolescence motives to fulfill the security, social, and self esteem. The identity formation related in adolescence who married early is strong formation self identity and weak formation social identity.
Keyword: Pernikahan dini, Faktor-faktor menikah dini, Motif menikah dini, Pembentukan identitas

Judul: Pengaruh Tekanan Ekonomi dan Interaksi Orangtua-Remaja Terhadap Motivasi Menikah Dini
Abstrak: Anak memiliki perlindungan di dalam hukum salah satunya terbebas dari pernikahan anak. Pernikahan yang terjadi pada usia anak memberikan dampak negatif terhadap tumbuh kembang anak dan keluarga yang dibentuk. Pernikahan anak tidak hanya disebabkan oleh faktor eksternal tetapi faktor internal remaja, seperti keinginan remaja untuk menikah dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tekanan ekonomi dan interaksi orang tua-remaja terhadap motivasi remaja untuk menikah dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian cross sectional dengan teknik voluntary sampling. Jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 165 remaja di Jabodetabek dan tinggal bersama kedua orang tua. Hasil analisis korelasi menunjukan bahwa tekanan ekonomi subjektif memiliki hubungan positif signifikan dengan motivasi menikah dini dan tingkat pendidikan ibu memiliki hubungan negatif signifikan dengan motivasi menikah dini. Hasil analisis pengaruh menunjukan tekanan ekonomi subjektif dan interaksi orang tua-remaja pada dimensi kekerasan dan kontrol psikologi berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap motivasi menikah dini.
Keyword: child marriage, early marriage motivation, economic pressure, parent-adolescent interaction

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable