Judul: The Effect of Odd-Even Policy on Distribution Costs in Jakarta Using Integer Linear Programming
Abstrak: Kebijakan Ganjil-Genap merupakan salah satu aturan yang diterapkan di Jakarta untuk mengurangi kemacetan. Kebijakan ini mengakibatkan kendaraan bermotor tidak bisa melalui ruas jalan tertentu, jika jenis plat nomor polisi kendaraan tersebut tidak sesuai dengan tanggal kendaraan tersebut melintasi ruas jalan yang terkena kebijakan. Ada beberapa jenis kendaraan yang terkena dampak kebijakan ini, di antaranya adalah kendaraan distribusi kurir. Kebijakan ini membuat biaya distribusi perusahaan kurir meningkat karena jarak perjalanan menuju konsumen menjadi lebih jauh untuk menghindari ruas jalan Ganjil-Genap ketika plat nomor polisi kendaraan yang digunakan untuk distribusi tidak sesuai dengan jenis tanggal distribusi. Proses distribusi yang meminimumkan biaya pengeluaran memerlukan penentuan rute yang optimal. Masalah penentuan rute ini disebut dengan Vehicle Routing Problem menggunakan Integer Linear Programming. Masalah ini diselesaikan dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak LINGO 18.0 dan solusi optimal yang diperoleh berupa rute pendistribusian barang menggunakan kendaraan tertentu, serta meminimumkan biaya distribusi., The Odd-Even Policy is one of the rules applied in Jakarta to reduce congestion. This policy results in motorized vehicles not being able to pass certain roads, if the type of vehicle's police number plate does not match the date the vehicle crosses the road affected by the policy. There are several types of vehicles affected by this policy, including courier distribution vehicles. This policy causes the distribution costs of courier companies to increase because the travel distance to consumers is further away to avoid Odd-Even roads when the license plates of the vehicles used for distribution do not match the type of distribution date. The distribution process that minimizes costs requires determining the optimal route. This route determination problem is called the Vehicle Routing Problem using Integer Linear Programming. This problem requires the use of LINGO 18.0 software and the optimal solution obtained is a route for distributing goods using certain vehicles, and minimizing distribution costs.
Keyword: Integer Linear Programming, Odd-Even Policy, Vehicle Routing Problem

Judul: Penentuan Lokasi Gudang dan Rute Pendistribusian Menggunakan Integer Programming
Abstrak: Distributing is one of important activities in a company. The efficiency of distribution costs can increase company profits. In this context the problems faced by the company are to reduce distribution costs including the determination of the warehouse location and the distribution route. In this paper, two mathematical models are studied. Those are the model for determining the warehouse location and the distribution route. Models are formulated in term of integer programming. In implementation, we consider a logistic company which has 1 distribution center, 2 warehouses, 3 suppliers, 40 customers, and 24 trucks with different capacities. The company plans to establish at most 3 new warehouses. It is demonstrated that, by using the models, two new locations of warehouse are recommended and an optimal distribution route is provided.
Keyword: warehouse location, distribution routing, distribution

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: