Judul: Local Feed Stuff Based Concentrate Test with ProMa Addition to Cattle at Kuansing Farm
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kualitas nutrisi ProMa (suplemen dengan teknologi slow release amonia) dan mengevaluasi substitusi konsentrat berbahan baku ProMa terhadap konsentrat lokal pada produktivitas ternak. Penelitian menggunakan sapi Brahman Cross bobot 338 ± 63 kg. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) split plot (In Time) 3 x 2 dengan 4 ulangan. Petak utama terdiri dari T0 = rumput lapang + konsentrat lokal, T1 = rumput lapang + konsentrat campuran (T1+T2), dan T2 = rumput lapang + konsentrat disuplementasi ProMa dan anak petak terdiri dari 10 hari pertama (P1) dan 10 hari kedua (P2). Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan uji lanjut menggunakan uji lanjut Tukey. Peubah yang diukur adalah konsumsi bahan kering, pertambahan bobot badan harian, dan efisiensi penggunaan pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan ProMa dalam konsentrat dapat meningkatkan penggunaan ubi kayu (51,5%) dan tepung ikan (10%) tanpa menurunkan produktivitas ternak. Konsentrat disuplementasi ProMa dapat mensubstitusi konsentrat lokal dengan hasil lebih baik dengan meningkatnya konsumsi bahan kering dan pertumbuhan bobot badan ternak yang juga disebabkan tingginya penggunaan tepung ikan., This study was aimed to test the nutritional quality of ProMa (feed supplement with slow release amonia technology) and evaluated substitution of ProMa based concentrate against local concentrate on productivity. This study used Brahman Cross cattle weighing 338 ± 63 kg. Research design used randomized block design (RBD) split plot (In Time) 3 x 2 with 4 replicates. Main plot were T0 = airy grass + local concentrate, T1 = airy grass + mixed concentrate (T1+T2), and T2 = airy grass + ProMa based concentrate and sub plot were first 10 days (P1) and second 10 days (P2). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and post test used Tukey test. Observed variable were dry materials consumption, daily weight gain, and feed utilization efficiency. The results showed that addition of ProMa in concentrate could increase the use of cassava (51.5%) and fish meal (10%) without lowering productivity. ProMa based concentrate could substitute local concentrate with better results from increased consumption of dry materials and growth of cattle body weight which also due to the high use of fish meal.
Keyword: Brahman Cross cattles, feed consumption, ProMa, slow release amonia

Judul: Local Concentrate Substitution with Pro-Ma-Based Concentrate at Kuansing Farm Riau
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas nutrisi Pro-Ma dan kemampuan substitusi konsentrat Pro-Ma terhadap konsentrat lokal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 sapi Brahman Cross berumur dua sampai tiga tahun (252-473) kg. Rancangan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) split plot in time dengan tiga perlakuan ransum (T0, T1, dan T2) sebagai petak utama (faktor A) dan dua periode (P1 dan P2) sebagai anak petak (faktor B) dan empat kelompok sebagai ulangan. T0 = konsentrat lokal, T1 = 50% T0 + 50% T2, T2 = konsentrat ditambah Pro-Ma. Perbandingan hijauan dan konsentrat adalah 30: 70% bahan kering. Peubah yang diukur adalah pertambahan bobot badan harian (PBBH), laju pertumbahan, dan income over feed cost (IOFC). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan T2 berpengaruh nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) terhadap PBBH dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap laju pertumbuhan (P>0,05), nilai IOFC terbaik adalah T2. Konsentrat ditambah Pro-Ma meningkatkan PBBH dan IOFC dan mampu menggantikan konsentrat lokal serta meningkatkan kualitas gizi dan nilai ekonomis yang juga disebabkan tingginya penggunaan tepung ikan, This study aimsed to evaluate the nutritional quality of Pro-Ma and the ability to substitute concentrates Pro-Ma to local concentrates. This study used 12 Brahman cross cattle aged two to three years (252 - 473) kg. The experimental design used was a split plot in time randomized block design (RBD) with three treatment diets (T0, T1, and T2) as the main plot (factor A) and two periods (P1 and P2) as subplots (factor B) and four groups as replicates. T0 = local concentrate, T1 = 50% T0 + 50% T2, T2 = Pro-Ma based concentrate. The ratio of forage and concentrate was 30: 70% of dry matter basis. Data used daily body weight gain (DBWG), growth rate, and income over feed cost (IOFC). Analyzed data with ANOVA and post test with Tukey test. The results show that T2 significant effect (P<0.05) on daily body weight gain and not significant effect on growth rate (P>0.05), the best IOFC was T2. Pro-Ma based concentrate increases DBWG and IOFC and concentrates are able to replace local concentrates and can improve nutritional quality and economic value
Keyword: Brahman cross cattles, sapi Brahman cros, Pro-Ma, daily body weight gain (DBWG), slow release amonia, income over feed cost (IOFC)

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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