Judul: COI Gene Nucleotide Base Mutations in Green Mussels in the Water  Environment of Jakarta Bay and Penyu Bay as a Management Basis
Abstrak: Kerang hijau merupakan hewan filter feeder yang dapat ditemukan di berbagai perairan. Adaptasi terhadap tekanan pencemaran dapat menyebabkan mutasi pada susunan basa nukleotida. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan mutasi basa nukleotida dengan marka gen COI pada kerang hijau (Perna viridis, Linnaeus 1758) yang tertangkap di Teluk Jakarta dan Teluk Penyu. Metode yang digunakan diantaranya isolasi, ekstraksi, amplifikasi, visualisasi, dan sekuensing. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa kerang hijau yang dianalisis adalah Perna viridis dengan persentase 99,55-100,00%. Basa Timin (40,7%) dan basa Adenin (24,4%) mendominasi komposisi basa nukleotida. Keduanya akan membentuk dua ikatan hidrogen yang mudah terlepas dan bermutasi. Komposisi basa nukleotida juga menunjukkan nilai singleton yang kecil yaitu 0.58% yang menunjukkan bahwa mutasi atau perbedaan basa nukleotida antar sampel tidak banyak. Sampel memiliki jarak genetik yang sangat dekat dan menunjukkan adanya kekerabatan. Nilai keragaman nukleotida kerang hijau secara keseluruhan yang didapatkan adalah 0,00431. Nilai ini tergolong kecil sehingga diperlukan pemuliaan untuk menjaga keberlanjutan populasi., Green mussels are filter feeder animals that can be found in various waters. Adaptation to pollution pressure can cause mutations in the sequence of nucleotide bases. This study aims to compare nucleotide base mutations with COI gene markers in green mussels (Perna viridis, Linnaeus 1758) caught in Jakarta Bay and Penyu Bay. The methods used include isolation, extraction, amplification, visualization, and sequencing. The validation results showed that the green mussels analyzed were Perna viridis with a percentage of 99,55-100.00%. Thymine base (40,7%) and Adenine base (24,4%) dominate the nucleotide base composition. Both of them will form two hydrogen bonds that are easy to come off and mutated. The nucleotide base composition also shows a small singleton value (0,58%), which indicates that there are not many mutations or differences in nucleotide bases between samples. The samples have a very close genetic distance and indicate a kinship relationship. The overall nucleotide diversity value obtained for green mussels was 0,00431. This value is relatively small so breeding is needed to maintain population sustainability.
Keyword: COI, Molecular identification, Mutation, Nucleotide base

Judul: Filogeografi Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis) di Indonesia dan Kaitannya dengan Jalur Lintas Pelayaran.
Abstrak: Green Mussel (Perna viridis) has the potential to spread geographycally through larval dispersal or ballast water from boat, which potentially to be invansive in other geographical region. The research aimed to analize genetic connectivity and genetic diversity of Green Mussel (Perna viridis) in Indonesia and its relation to cross shipping lanes, using genetic marker of mitochondrial Cytochrom oxidase 1 (CO1) locus. Farthest genetic distances was observed in the population of Makassar and Muara Kamal (D = 0.008), and the nearest was observed between population of Teluk Lada and Ambon and between population of Teluk Lada and Palabuhan Ratu (D = 0.002). A little genetic differentiation was observed between Makassar and Palabuhan ratu (Fst = 0.05). A large genetic differentiation was observed between Ambon and Teluk Lada (Fst = 0.90) and between Ambon and Palabuhan Ratu (Fst = 0.90). Genetic diversity shown by haplotype diversity in five locations was observed high. Highest haplotype diversity was observed in populations of Muara Kamal (Hd = 0.27), followed by the population of Palabuhan Ratu and Teluk Lada (Hd = 0.22 and Hd = 0.18), and lowest haplotype was observed in population of Ambon and Makassar (Hd = 0.13). Close genetic relationship between five populations most likely associated with cross shipping lanes in Indonesia as a medium for the spread of P. viridis.
Keyword: Perna viridis, DNA Barcoding, genetic diversity, connectivity

Judul: Konstruksi aritmetika kurva eliptik F(2m) supersingular dan non-supersingular untuk skema kunci publik ElGamal
Abstrak: Algoritme ElGamal adalah salah satu algoritme kunci publik dengan aritmetik modular p yang mempunyai struktur grip siklik Z(p). Tingkat keanaman algoritme ini terletak pada pemecahan masalah logaritme diskret dari Z(p). Akan tetapi, tingkat keamanan tadi tahun ke tahun semakin menurun yang disebabkan kemampuan pemecahan algoritme diskret semakin meningkat. Untuk memenuhi tingkat keamanan yang memadai dibutuhkan p yang cukup besar yang menyebabkan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi menjadi lambat.
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