Judul: Analisis Efektifitas Tata Kelola Program Pemberdayaan Kampung (PPK) Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Pengembangan Wilayah Perdesaan di Kabupaten Jayapura Provinsi Papua
Abstrak: Model pembangunan yang berpusat pada pertumbuhan dengan filosofi bila terjadi akumulasi kapital dikalangan kelas atas atau pusat, maka kapital tersebut akan menetes kebawah (tricle down effect). Namun sejarah menunjukkan bahwa "trickle down effect" tidak mampu mengangkat kesejahteraan penduduk. Suatu studi komprehensif antar bangsa yang meliputi 74 negara yang dilakukan oleh Adelman dan Morris (1978), menunjukkan bahwa kenaikan GNP cenderung diikuti oleh suatu penurunan dalam proporsi relatif pendapatan nasional yang diterima penduduk termiskin. Dengan demikian efek tetesan ke bawah tidak terjadi. Sebaliknya, yang terjadi justru penyedotan ke atas (trickle-up effect) atau malahan akan terjadi penyedotan produksi (production squeeze). Hal ini terjadi karena program-program pembangunan direncanakan secara terpusat (top down), yang seringkali tidak sesuai dengan masalah-masalah yang dihadapi dan kebutuhan-kebutuhan yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat bawah yang menjadi tujuan pembangunan. Pemberdayaan diyakini sebagai sebuah "model pembangunan alternatif" atas model pembangunan yang berpusat pada pertumbuhan. Pemberdayaan merupakan sebuah konsep pembangunan ekonomi yang merangkum nilai-nilai sosial. Konsep ini mencerminkan paradigma baru pembangunan, yakni yang bersifat "people centred, participatory, empowering, and sustainable" (Chambers, 1995). Konsep ini lebih luas dari hanya semata-mata memenuhi kebutuhan dasar (basic needs) atau menyediakan mekanisme untuk mencegah proses pemiskinan lebih lanjut (safety net), yang pemikirannya belakangan ini banyak dikembangkan sebagai upaya mencari alternatif terhadap konsep-konsep pertumbuhan di masa yang lalu. Konsep ini berkembang dari upaya banyak ahli dan praktisi untuk mencari apa disebut sebagai alternative development, yang menghendaki 'inclusive democracy, appropriate economic growth, gender equality and intergenerational equaty" (Kartasasmita, 1997)...dst
Keyword: Program Pemberdayaan Masyarakat, Dampaknya Terhadap Pengembangan Wilayah Perdesaan

Judul: Effectiveness of village empowerement program and its impact on the development of rural areas in Jayapura Distric
Abstrak: A development model which is based on community empowerement is believed to be an alternative to replace the growth based development model. The emergence of the community empowerement concept is caused by the failure of economic development models in dealing with the problem of poverty and sustainable environment, and the alternative concept is expected to include the values of democracy, gender equality, and adequate economic growth. Jayapura is the only district in the Papua Province which applies the development model based on community empowerement called Village Empowerment Program . This program allocates funds from the distric government to village/sub district governments. It operated from 2005 to 2009. Results of data analysis using statistical descriptive methods showed that (1) the management of Village Empowerement Program in each region varied, in which the village of Simporo had the best management of the other three villages, (2) the Village Empowerement Program had a positive impapct on regional development, which is indicated by the increases in the level cocoa production, land size and income after the implementation of Village Development Program in Jayapura.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity