Judul: The impact of forestry development policies on the incomes of thl: poor in east kalimantan : a social accounting matrix approach
Abstrak: The objective of this !!.tudy is to evaluate the impact of selected forest policies 011 the incomes of the poor in East Kalimantan. A Social Accounting Matrix Approach of 1995 and 2003 for Kalimantan Timur was developed to analyse linkages nlnong socio-cconomic factors within the region, including poverty, income distribution, and economic development. Nine policy alternatives for the period 1995-2003 were then simulated using the Model to evaluate which would be most suitable for improving the income of the poor who live in or near forest areas. Based on the comparison of economic performance in Kalimantan Timur before and after the decentralization era (19<;5 and 2003), the results indicate that the forest sector's contribution to the GOP of Kalimantan Timur decreased alter the onset of the decentralization era. The average disposable income of forest households in 1995 and 2003 is the lowest of all household groups.
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Judul: Community based protection forest management program in kesatuan pemangkuan hutan perhutani bandung selatan : analysis of economic household behaviors
Abstrak: The Island of Java is inhabited by more than 60 % of Indonesian population. Imbalanced redistribution of population and land control has caused pressure to the environment, particularly the natural resources. A breakthrough to overcome the degradation of environment resulted from the population desperate need for land is a Community Based Forest Management Program (CBFMP) which provides the community with opportunity to develop agroforestry activities in the forest. The objectives of this research consist of : (1) to analyze the factors that influence the economic decision by households in time allocation for work, production, income, and expenditure, (2) to make a simulation of the effect of changes in the external and internal factors on households’ economic behaviors, and (4) to analyze the institutional aspects related to partnership contract in CBFMP. The analysis consisted of two household economic models, namely, CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle. Alternative policies were simulated in econometric models in the form of simultaneous equations consisting of 13 structural equations and 15 identity equations for the model of Coffee CBFMP, and 14 structural equations and 20 identity equations for the model of Grass and Cattle CBFMP. The method of Two-stage Least Squares (2 SLS) was used to estimate the parameters of structural equations. The research analyzed 12 simulation scenarios consisting of 12 external factors change (policy factors) impact. In general, Scenario 9 (the combined scenarios of the decreased debt rate with the increased price of input and labor wages) and Scenario 5 (the combined scenarios of the increased price of output with the increased price of input and labor wages) can be recommended as the best policy to empower the community around the forest (CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle) for the reason that it can accommodate the interests of various parties, namely: (1) the interest of community by increasing income and welfare, (2) government’s interest by improving agricultural productivity and securing vital projects in the upstream downstream of watershed area, (3) the interest of Perum Perhutani by preserving its protection forest, and (4) the importance of environment by the reduction of natural resource degradation. In addition, from the results of institutional analysis, it is recommended that the institution of CBFMP require improvement at the micro level, i.e. building a more mutually beneficial partnership contract between farmers taking part in CBFMP and Perum Perhutani.
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Judul: Disain Model Alat pasteurisasi susu Otomatis
Abstrak: Pada umumnya, bahan pangan mempunyai sifat mudah rusak. Kerusakan ini tergantung dari jenis bahan pangannya, dapat berlangsung secara lambat misalnya pada biji-bijian, atau dapat berlangsung secara sangat cepat misalnya pada susu. Salah satu cara pengawetan bahan pangan adalah dengan menggunakan energi panas, misalnya cara pasteurisasi. Pasteurisasi merupakan suatu cara atau langkah dalam pengawetan yang biasa dilakukan pada susu. Pengaruh pasteurisasi susu antara sebagai berikut; air susu lebih lama dapat disimpan, раda suhu rendah malahan dapat disimpan beberapa hari; air su- su tidak lagi mengandung kuman-kuman patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu model alat pasteurisasi susu dengan memanfaatkan teknologi elektronik pada alat kontrol suhunya. Model alat pasteurisasi susu otomatis yang didisain terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu alat pasteurisasi susu dan alat pengatur suhu. Bagian alat pasteurisasi terdiri dari tanki pasteurisasi, tanki medium pemanas, pompa dan unit pencatu daya. Sedangkan bagian alat pengatur suhu terdiri dari unit pengindera, unit penguat tegangan, unit penanding (comparator), unit penguat arus, unit kontrol (relai) dan unit pencatu daya. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap keseragaman suhu, model alat pasteurisasi yang dibuat masih menghasilkan perbedaan suhu selama proses pasteurisasi. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai suhu pasteurisasi (63°C) dengan suhu awal 27, 29 dan 31.10 °C adalah berturut-turut 14.833, 14.733 dan 11.833 menit. Alat pengatur suhu yang dibuat dapat mencakup kisaran pengaturan suhu dari 40 sampai 75 °C, dengan selang kepekaan sebesar 0.003 volt. Penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap konstruksi tanki pasteurisasi dan sistim pengadukkannya perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh tingkat keseragaman suhu yang lebih baik, begitu juga terhadap bahan pembalut sensor, kestabilan alat pengatur suhu, pengembangan rangkaian unit penanding (comparator) dan unit penguat serta kestabilan tegangan pada setiap unit fungsional alat pengatur suhu diperlukan untuk mempertinggi kualitas dan kemampuannya.
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