Judul: Analysis using Price Earnings Ratio and Price Book Value Method
Abstrak: Angka investor pasar modal Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan dalam kurun waktu beberapa tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan acuan data dari Kustodian Sentral Efek Indonesia (KSEI), jumlah investor dalam negeri telah mencapai angka 7,48 juta pada 2021. Selama masa pandemi, harga saham mengalami fluktuasi yang cukup tinggi. Pada awal pandemi COVID-19, Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) mengalami penurunan. Subsektor farmasi dinilai berhasil menjadi penyokong nilai IHSG di masa pandemi. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai saham subsektor farmasi dengan metode Price Earnings Ratio (PER) dan Price Book Value (PBV). Hasil penelitian analisis penilaian saham dengan pendekatan PER menunjukkan saham DVLA, KAEF, KLBF, MERK, dan SIDO berada pada posisi undervalued. Analisis menggunakan PBV menunjukkan saham DVLA, KAEF, dan MERK berada pada kategori murah di antara saham sektornya., The number of Indonesian capital market investor has continued to increase over the last few years. Based on the data from The Indonesia Central Securities Depository (KSEI), domestic investor has reached the number of 7.48 million on 2021. This means that the number went up three times from how it was in 2019. During the pandemic, stock price has been facing major fluctuations. At the start of COVID-19, IDX composite faced a big decline rate. Pharmaceutical stocks have been seen to be able to work as a buffer during the pandemic. This study aims to analyze the stock value of pharmaceutical stocks using Price Earnings Ratio (PER) and Price Book Value (PBV) methods. The results of this study shows that DVLA, KAEF, KLBF, MERK, and SIDO stocks is valued in the undervalued category when analyzed using PER method. PBV analysis shows that DVLA, KAEF, and MERK falls on relatively cheap or undervalued range.
Keyword: Penilaian Saham, analisis fundamental, sektor farmasi, fundamental analysis, pharmaceutical stocks, price earnings ratio, price book value

Judul: Analysis of Stock Price Valuation Using Discounted Cash Flow (DCF), and Price Earning Ratio (PER).Methods for Investment Decision Making
Abstrak: Di masa melonjaknya angka korban Covid-19 merupakan peluang bagi investor untuk menanamkan modalnya pada subsektor industri farmasi. Terbukti saham- saham farmasi yaitu CARE naik 25,36%, INAF terangkat 24,78%, dan KAEF menguat 24,63%. Karena karakteristik saham High Risk High Return, perlunya penilaian saham untuk earning yang maksimal dan risiko minim. pendekatan valuasi saham yang digunakan pada analis saham ini yaitu Price Earning Ratio (PER), dan Discounted Cash Flow (DCF). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis nilai intrinsik saham, dan keputusan investasi yang tepat berdasarkan pendekatan PER, dan DCF pada perusahaan subsektor farmasi, serta menentukan pendekatan yang lebih akurat dengan analisis Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Jenis data yang digunakan kuantitatif. Data sekunder didapatkan dari laporan keuangan IDX. Teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan pendekatan PER membeli 5 saham undervalued yaitu DVLA, KLBF, MERK, SIDO, dan TSPC , dan menjual 1 saham overvalued yaitu KAEF pada tahun 2018-2019. Berdasarkan pendekatan DCF membeli DVLA, dan MERK menjual yaitu KLBF, KAEF, SIDO dan TSPC pada tahun 2019. Berdasarkan analisis RMSE metode Price Earning Ratio merupakan metode valuasi yang lebih akurat. Kata kunci: Covid-19, Discounted Cash Flow, Price Earning Ratio, Root Mean Square Error
Keyword: Covid-19, Discounted Cash Flow, Price Earning Ratio, Root Mean Square Error

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology