Judul: Isometri Sorpsi Air dan Kerenyahan Kerupuk Goreng dengan "Penggorengan" Oven Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitan ini akan dipelajari dan dibandingkan kurva isotermi sorpsi Itempuk tapioka mentah dengan kerupuk tapioka "goreng", kondisi air bahan panyan yang mengalami isoterrni sorpsi dengan menggunakan model materrlatika yang sesuai serta hubungan kelembaban relatif terhadap kerenyahan Iterupult "goreng" besena aktivitas air kritikalnya. Kegunaan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentultan ltelembaban relatif yang tidak menyebabkan kerupuk "goreng" menjadi kehilangan kerenyahannya ("lnelempem"). Sehingga dengan penelitan ini dapat digunakan untulc merancang pengemasan dan penyimpanan kempuk "goreng".
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Judul: Kajian 'Penggorengan' Kerupuk Tapioka Mentah dengan Pemanasan Oven Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Penelitian mengenai kajian 'penggorengan' kerupuk tapioka mentah dengan pemanasan oven gelombang mikro bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh cara 'penggorengan', ketebalan, kadar lemak dan kadar air kerupuk mentah terhadap pengembangan dan kerenyahan kerupuk matang. Pembuatan kerupuk dilakukan dengan prinsip teknologi modern. Penelitian dibagi dalam empat tahap , yaitu : 'penggorengan' dengan oven gelombang mikro; pengaruh ketebalan kerupuk terhadap pengembangan , kerenyahan, dan kadar lemak kerupuk goreng; kesetimhangan kadar air kerupuk tapioka mentah ; dan penggorengan kerupuk pada berbagai tingkat kadar air. Penggorengan dilakukan untuk menghasilkan kerupuk goreng yang mengembang dan renyah. Penggorengan kerupuk untuk kontrol dilakukan secara 'deep fqing' dengan menggunakan wajan penggorengan pada suhu ;6U -180 "C. Sedangkan 'penggorengan' tanpa minyak dan dengan pengolesan minyak menggunakan microwave dengan suhu 'medium h~gh'. Kerupuk 'goreng' dengar, microwave beraa;na putih Ik- .u. .a, ~ l-l l d e ~ g a n permukaan mulus dan tidak berminyak. struktur bagian dalam beiongga dengan ukuran yang relatif seragarn. Sedangkan kerupuk goreng konvensionai berwarna agak kekuningan, permukaan tidak mulus dan tampak berminyak, struktur bagian dalam berongga dengan ukuran yang he!-agam dan tampak berminyak.
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Judul: Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Trait in Categorical Scale
Abstrak: Genes or regions on chromosome underlying a quantitative trait are called Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). Characterizing genes controlling quantitative trait on their position in chromosome and their effect on trait is through a process called QTL mapping. In estimating the QTL position and its effect, QTL mapping basically utilize the association between QTL and DNA markers. However, many important traits are obtained in categorical scale, such as resistance from certain disease. From a theoretical point of view, QTL mapping method assuming continuous trait could not be applied to categorical trait. This research was focusing on the assessment of the performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Regression (REG) approach employed in QTL mapping as well as the performance of Lander and Botstein (LB) and Piepho method in determining critical value in testing the existence of QTL for binary and ordinal trait by means of simulation study. The simulation study to evaluate the performance of ML and REG approach was conducted by taking into account several factors that may affecting the performance of both approaches. The factors are: (1) marker density; (2) QTL effect; (3) sample size; (4) shape of phenotypic distribution; (5) number of categories; and (6) number of QTL. Moreover, the simulation study for evaluating LB and Piepho method in determining critical value was conducted by generating distribution of the test statistic under null hypothesis. From simulation study, it was obtained that LB and Piepho method showing similar performance in determining critical value in testing the existence of QTL for binary and ordinal trait. The simulation study also indicating that both methods could be used in determining critical value in QTL mapping analysis for binary trait as well as for ordinal trait if the REG approach is used but not if ML approach is used due to their poor performance. In assessing the performance of ML and REG approach in QTL mapping analysis for binary trait, the two approaches showing comparable performance; whereas for ordinal trait REG approach showing poor performance compared with ML approach in estimating thresholds. As a result, in QTL mapping analysis, ML and REG approach could be used when dealing with binary trait, whereas ML approach is suggested when dealing with ordinal trait.
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