Judul: The Relationship between Livelihood Assets and Gender-Based Livelihood Strategies in Forest Village Farmer Households
Abstrak: Program Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) telah membuka akses masyarakat desa hutan pada lahan pertanian dan sumber daya lain di dalam kawasan hutan yang dikelola oleh Perhutani. Bagaimana anggota masyarakat desa hutan, dan anggota rumahtangga laki-laki dan perempuan mengelola aset bagi penghidupannya pasca penetapan program PHBM ini penting untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi aset penghidupan pasca penetapan program PHBM dan hubungannya dengan strategi penghidupan berbasis gender pada rumah tangga petani yang tergabung dalam Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) Sangkanhurip di Desa Banjaran Wetan, Kecamatan Banjaran, Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif yang diperkuat dengan penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika LMDH berdampak pada kondisi aset penghidupan yang dikuasai rumah tangga. Terdapat rumah tangga yang cenderung melakukan strategi penghidupan yang lebih beragam, dibanding rumah tangga petani desa hutan lainnya. Penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan gender dalam akses terhadap aset penghidupan serta dalam pembagian peran dalam strategi penghidupan. Hasil uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa modal alam dan fisik berhubungan dengan strategi intensifikasi-ekstensifikasi. Modal manusia, modal sosial dan modal finansial berhubungan dengan strategi diversifikasi. Modal alam, modal manusia dan modal finansial berhubungan dengan strategi migrasi. Lebih jauh, hasil uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa akses laki-laki dan perempuan atas aset penghidupan berhubungan dengan pembagian kerja dalam strategi penghidupan., The Community-Based Forest Management Program (PHBM) has opened access for forest village communities to agricultural land and other resources within the managed forest areas by Perhutani. It is important to study how male and female members of forest village communities manage their livelihood assets after the implementation of PHBM. This research examines the condition of livelihood assets and their relationship with gender-based livelihood strategies among farmer households who are members of the Sangkanhurip Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH) in Banjaran Wetan Village, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency. This research quantitative research strengthened by qualitative research. The results show that the dynamics of LMDH affect the condition of livelihood assets controlled by households. There are households that tend to adopt more diverse livelihood strategies compared to other forest village farmer households. The research also reveals gender disparities in access to livelihood assets and in the division of roles in livelihood strategies. The results of the correlation test show that natural and physical capital are related to intensification-extension strategies. Human, social, and financial capital are related to diversification strategies. Natural, human, and financial capital are related to migration strategies. Furthermore, the results of the correlation test show that access to livelihood assets for men and women is related to the division of labor in livelihood strategies. So, further research is required to understand and address the gender disparities in accessing and managing livelihood assets under the PHBM program. Overall, this study provides insights for improving the implementation of PHBM and promoting gender-inclusive strategies for sustainable livelihoods in forest village communities
Keyword: aset penghidupan, rumah tangga petani desa hutan, strategi penghidupan berbasis gender

Judul: Pengaruh Sumber Daya Penghidupan terhadap Strategi Penghidupan Berperspektif Gender pada Rumah Tangga Petani Sayur (Kasus: Desa Sukamukti, Kecamatan Jalaksana, Kabupaten Kuningan)
Abstrak: Pertanian merupakan sumber penghidupan utama bagi sebagian besar penduduk di Indonesia. Karena berbeda lapisan sosial-ekonomi, pembagian peran gender, dan penguasaan sumber daya penghidupan, rumah tangga petani menjalankan strategi penghidupan yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh sumber daya penghidupan terhadap strategi penghidupan berperspektif gender pada rumah tangga petani sayur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sumber daya penghidupan pada rumah tangga petani sayur lahan sempit berbeda dengan rumah tangga petani sayur lahan luas dalam hal tingkat ketersediaan dan kemampuan memperoleh sumber daya penghidupan. Selanjutnya, terdapat perbedaan sumber daya penghidupan yang mempengaruhi pilihan strategi penghidupan di mana rumah tangga petani sayur lahan sempit cenderung memilih strategi diversifikasi, sedangkan rumah tangga petani sayur lahan luas cenderung memilih strategi intensifikasi dan ekstensifikasi. Penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya indikasi ketimpangan gender dalam pembagian peran, akses dan kontrol terhadap sumber daya penghidupan, serta pengambilan keputusan dalam strategi penghidupan., Agriculture is one of the main sources of livelihood for the majority of population in Indonesia. Because of difference in sosio-economic level, gender division of labor and ownership of livelihood resources, each farmer’s household implement different livelihood strategy. The objective of this study is to analyze the influence of livelihood resources to the livelihood strategies with gender perspective in vegetable farmer households. The method used in this research is a quantitative method which is supported by qualitative data. The result of the study indicates that there is a difference of livelihood resources between small land-owner vegetable farmers with the large land-owners in terms of the level of availability and ability to obtain livelihood resource. Further, the different of livelihood resources influence the choice of livelihood strategy. Small land-owner tend to choose diversification strategies, whereas larger land-owners tend to choose intensification and extensification strategies. This research also shows an indication of gender inequality in division of roles, in the access and control of livelihood resources, as well as in decision making in livelihood strategies.
Keyword: gender, livelihood resources, livelihood strategies, vegetable farmer household

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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