Judul: Struktur Anatomi Daun Akasia dan Mahoni Akibat Pengaruh Gas dan Materi Vulkanik Pasca Letusan Gunung Merapi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Increased of pollutant in Yogyakarta City caused by the eruption of Merapi Mountain has given many effects to environment, including vegetation. Penetration of high concentration of pollutant through leaf stomata could destruct leaf anatomical structure that made its function as pollutant absorber decreased. Thus there was a requirement to identify the plant species was resistant to high concentration pollutant, mainly volcanic gas and material that could be recommended as plant for urban forest in Yogyakarta City. The objective of this research was to identify the effect of volcanic dust to leaf anatomical structure of acacia and mahagony, and to compare their microscopic damages. This research was carried out in Yogyakarta, Solo and Plant Anatomy Laboratory, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University from June to September 2011. Data and information collected in the research was including primary and secondary data. Primary data was collected from observation of leaf anatomical structure on paradermal and transversal section af sample leaves from each plant species taken from both cities. Secondary data included air quality data of both cities that obtained from Environmental Bureau of each city. The observation showed that there were anatomical structure changes of leaves sample from both plants species take from Yogyakarta. The changes was assumed as responses of leaves toword the increased consentration of pollutant. Acacia responses were lower of adaxsial stomatal index, higher epidermic cell damage, higher abnormality of adaxsial and abaxsial stomata, and thicker cuticle tissue. Mahogany responses were higher abnormality of abaxsial stomata, and thinner leaf, palisade tissue, sponge tissue and lower side cuticle. Total of observed damage cells on acacia leaves were higher than those found in mahogany leaves. Thus it can be said that mahogany was more resistant to the increase of pollutant concentration occurred in particular period, and could be recommended for urban forest plant to improve environmental quality of Yogyakarta City after the eruption of Merapi Mountain.
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Judul: Identifikasi Struktur Anatomi Daun Angsana dan Beringin Akibat Pengaruh Gas dan Materi Vulkanik Pasca Erupsi Gunung Merapi
Abstrak: Mount Merapi eruption occurred on Tuesday October 26, 2010. The eruption discharged various types of gases and materials consisted of sulfur dioxide (SO2), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and dust particles (Total Suspended Particulates or Particulate Matter). Air pollutant particularly Merapi, gas and volcanic material can cause damage to the anatomical structure of plants around them (Wilson et al. 2007). Therefore research on the influence of gas and volcanic material on anatomical structure of urban plants in Yogyakarta city is nedeed. The aim of the research was to identify the influence of gas and volcanic material on leafs anatomical structure in two species of urban plants, namely Burmese rosewood and Banyan. This research was expected to provide consideration as input in the selection of urban vegetation to improve environmental conditions after the eruption of the Mount Merapi in Yogyakarta city. The research was carried out in Yogyakarta as a relatively polluted area, and Solo as the location of less polluted area or control, and microscopic leaf anatomical preparations were carried out in the Laboratory of Plant Anatomy, Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University. The research was conducted from June until August 2011. Types of data and information collected in this study consists of primary and secondary data. Primary data was taken from the results of observation on the leaf anatomical paradermal and transversal section each leaf in two cities. Secondary data on air quality data was obtained from The Environmental Bureau of each city. Data were analysed using t-student test to test the difference between plants in the relatively polluted area with the less polluted area. Observation results of leaf anatomical paradermal and transversal section of Burmese rosewood were undamaged, but which showed influence by gas and volcanic material were the decline of density and index stomata, the raise length stomatal, and the thicken of palisade tissues. Observation result of leaf anatomical paradermal and transversal section of Banyan were also undamagade and all the parameters were not significant statistically. The research had showed that Burmese rosewood and Banyan could cope up with pollutants from Mount Merapi eruption. Therefore, both species were appropriate to be planted in the Yogyakarta city.
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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