Judul: The Impact of Government Policies on Profitability and Competitiveness of White Pepper (Muntok White Pepper) in the Province of Bangka Belitung
Abstrak: Indonesia is well known as the world producer and exporter of white pepper. In the year 2000, Indonesia was able to meet 90 percent of the world demand for white pepper. But during the past 10 years, Indonesia’s white pepper exports have declined, even in 2009 and 2010 export of white pepper contributed only as much as 26.8 percent and 28 percent of the world white pepper demand. At present, the problem becomes a serious threat to the sustainability of white pepper exports as there is a decreasing in crop area thus decline the productivity and a stronger competition with other exporter countries such as Vietnam. This study was conducted in the province of Bangka Belitung. Aims of this study were : (1) to analyze the profitability of white pepper commodity financially and economically, (2) to analyze the comparative and competitive advantages of white pepper, and (3) to analyze the impact of government policy on profitability and competitiveness of white pepper. Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) was used to calculate the private and social profits and to measure the level of comparative advantage and competitive advantage of white pepper. Sensitivity analysis was also conducted in order to analyze the impact of policy change on white pepper commodity. The results showed that : (1) white pepper farm in the province of Bangka Belitung is profitable (both private and social profitable), (2) it had a competitive advantage (PCR<1) and comparative advantages (DRCR<1 ), and (3) government policies do not provide effective protection for farmers to produce white pepper.
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Judul: Position Analysis of Indonesia’s White Pepper in the World Market
Abstrak: The declining of Indonesia’s white pepper production and export are followed by pressures in its main market, that is world white pepper market. The pressures come from Vietnam’s white pepper and black pepper. Thus, as the impact of these pressures, it is important to be seen about position or competitiveness of Indonesia’s white pepper in the world market at nowadays, which is also useful as suggestions/informations in determining the appropriate strategy-policy in order to maintain the existing market share of Indonesia’s white pepper, and be expected to expand the Indonesia’s white pepper market share in the world market. The objectives of this research are: (1) to determine the factors that affecting world white pepper trade volume, (2) to determine the position/competitiveness of Indonesia’s white pepper in world white pepper market; (3) to determine the alternative of strategy-policy that proper to Indonesia’s white pepper marketing in world white pepper import market; by analyzing world white pepper trade volume and world white pepper demand sourced from Indonesia and Vietnam. World white pepper trade volume is analyzed by using logarithmic multiple linear regression model. Meanwhile, world white pepper demand sourced from Indonesia and Vietnam is analyzed by using adopted model of Almost Ideal Demand System Model (AIDS). The result shows that Indonesia’s white pepper has competitiveness or advantages in world white pepper import market, which is better than Vietnam’s white pepper, so that Indonesia has a better opportunity to increase her white pepper market share. Indonesia’s white pepper also has a better prospects, as seen from the potency of world white pepper market itself. World white pepper market still has potency to be entered, even though there is a pressure from black pepper which can be processed into white pepper. The strategy that need to be implemented by Indonesia is to increase her white pepper export supply, because of the world white pepper import demand sourced from Indonesia has elastic own price elasticity. The increasing of Indonesia’s white pepper export supply will also make Indonesia’s white pepper price more competitive, which can be used to overcome the pressure of black pepper and suppress the market share of Vietnam’s white pepper. The efforts or policies that need to be implemented by Indonesia to support the established strategy, including: (1) to increase the productivity of cultivated pepper plant; (2) to prevent the pepper cultivation land from conversion and expand the pepper cultivation area, which both of them must be followed by increasing of cultivated pepper plant productivity; and (3) to maintain the quality of Indonesia’s white pepper.
Keyword: competitiveness, Indonesia’s white pepper

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular