Judul: Pembuatan dan Uji Karakteristik Papan Partikel dari Serat Buah Bintaro (Cerbera manghas)
Abstrak: Bintaro is a drupe fruit, that consists of three layers, namely epicarp (exterior), mesocarp (middle layer), and endocarp (seed grain leather). Physically, bintaro fibers as same as coconut fibers. Before this, this fruit has not been widely utilized, so it still has low economic value. The existence of the lignocellulosic content in the fiber of bintaro potential to used as raw material for particle board. This study aims to determine the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards and the effect of variation in levels of particle board adhesive to the qualities. The type of adhesive agent that used in thes studyis phenol formaldehyde adhesive (10% and 12%)and target of density is 0.7 g/cm3. To determine the feasibility of particle board made from bintaro fiber, performed some tests according to JIS A 5908: 2003 standard about particleboards. Any parameters that tested according to the standard is the physical properties and mechanical properties. The results of test for particle board using phenol formaldehyde adhesives showed that Modulus of elasticity (MOE) and thickness swelling after immersion properties does not meet requirements in the standards of JIS A 5908: 2003 for its use in industrial. So, it still needs any treatment to improve the MOE and decrease the thickness swelling after immersion properties of the particle board. A higher levels of adhesive which added to the particle board will increase the mechanical properties, on the other hands, physical properties would decrease in lower levels of adhesive.
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Judul: Papan Partikel Dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Perekat Asam Sitrat dan Molase
Abstrak: Pelepah kelapa sawit merupakan biomassa kelapa sawit yang biasanya tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal, pelepah kelapa sawit memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan papan partikel dan ketersediannya yang cukup melimpah.Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan papan partikel yang ramah lingkungan tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya. Selain itu, menganalisis pengaruh kadar perekat dengan menggunakan asam sitrat dan molase terhadap karakteristik sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel. Papan dibuat dengan kerapatan target 0,8 g/cm³ dan ukuran 30 x 30x 0,6 cm menggunakan kempa panas suhu 200°C selama 10 menit dengan tekanan 5 Mpa. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel mengacu pada standar SNI 03-2105-2006 (kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap air, pengembangan tebal, MOE, MOR, dan keteguhan rekat). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan kadar perekat berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel Semakin tinggi kadar perekat yang ditambahkan mampu meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis pada papan plafon yang dibuat., Palm fronds are palm biomass that is usually not used optimally, palm fronds have lignocellulose content that has the potential to be used as a particleboard and its availability is quite abundant. This study aims to produce environmentally friendly particle boards without the use of harmful chemicals. In addition, it analyzes the effect of adhesive levels using citric acid and molasses on the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards. The board was made with a target density of 0,8 g/cm³ and a size of 30 x 30x 0,6 cm using a heat felt of 200°C for 10 minutes with a pressure of 5 Mpa. Testing of the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards refers to the standard SNI 03-2105-2006 (density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, MOE, MOR, and internal bounding). The results of this research show that the adhesive content has a significant effect on the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of composite ceiling boards. The higher the adhesive content added is able to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the ceiling board made.
Keyword: adhesive content, citric acid, molasses, palm fronds, particle board

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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