Judul: Cannibalism Control of White Shrimp Seeds (Litopenaeus vannamei) Through Giving Palm Kernel Meal
Abstrak: Mortalitas tinggi akibat kanibalisme dapat terjadi dalam budidaya udang vaname. Upaya pengendalian kanibalisme udang vaname dapat dilakukan dengan pemberian suplemen tepung bungkil intisawit karena memiliki kandungan triptofan sebagai prekursor sintesis serotonin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengoptimasi dosis tepung bungkil intisawit yang diberikan melalui pakan terhadap pengendalian kanibalisme benih udang vaname. Rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan terdiri dari dosis bungkil inti sawit (BIS) 50 g/kg pakan (BIS50) dan 100 g/kg pakan (BIS100) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa bungkil inti sawit sebagai kontrol (K). Setiap ulangan perlakuan menggunakan udang vaname stadia pascalarva dengan bobot rata-rata 0,084±0,006 g dan dipelihara dalam akuarium ukuran 50×28×30 cm dengan padat tebar 1 ekor/L selama 28 hari. Perlakuan pakan diberikan tiga kali sehari dengan feeding rate 10% dari biomassa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung BIS dapat menekan tingkat kanibalisme tipe-II dan meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup (p<0,05), dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan (p>0,05). Suplementasi bungkil sawit dosis 100 g/kg pakan selama 28 hari menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan sintasan 100%., High mortality due to cannibalism can occur in white shrimp farming. Efforts to control white shrimp cannibalism can be done by providing palm kernel meal supplementation because it contains tryptophan as a precursor for serotonin synthesis. The aim of this research is to optimize the dose of palm kernel meal given through feed to control cannibalism white shrimp larvae. A completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 3 replications consisted of a dose of palm kernel meal of 50 g/kg feed (BIS50) and 100 g/kg feed (BIS100) compared to a treatment without palm kernel meal as a control (K). Each treatment replication used white shrimp post larval stage with an average weight of 0.084±0.006 g and were maintained in an aquarium measuring 50x28x30 cm with a stocking density of 1 fish/L for 28 days. Feed treatment is given three times a day with feeding rate 10% of biomass. The results showed that giving BIS could reduce the level of type II cannibalism and increase survival (p<0.05) and had no significant effect on growth (p>0.05). Palm kernel meal supplementation at a dose of 100 g/kg feed for 28 days showed the best results with 100% survival rate.
Keyword: tryptophan, cannibalism, palm kernel, Litopenaeus vannamei

Judul: Control of Cannibalism Seeds of Asian Redtail  Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) by Adding Soybean Flour and L-Tryptophan to  Feed
Abstrak: Ikan baung merupakan ikan asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di perairan tenang, diminati sebagai ikan konsumsi karena dagingnya yang tebal, dan bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Tingkat kanibalisme yang tinggi pada stadia larva dan benih membuat tingkat produktivitas ikan ini rendah. Tepung kedelai merupakan fitoestrogen yang memiliki kandungan isoflavon tinggi yang dapat meningkatkan kadar estrogen di dalam tubuh ikan. Triptofan merupakan asam amino esensial yang dapat meningkatkan kadar serotonin di dalam otak sehingga agresivitas dapat ditekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan tepung kedelai dan triptofan pada pakan komersil untuk menekan karakter kanibalisme benih ikan baung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan perlakuan dosis penambahan tepung kedelai (TK) 0, 100, dan 300 g/ kg pakan dan penambahan triptofan (TR) 0% ; 0,25% ; dan 1 %/kg pakan dengan tiga kali ulangan setiap perlakuannya. Benih ikan yang digunakan berukuran 2,56±0,02 cm, dipelihara di dalam kontainer dengan kapasitas 130 L dengan jumlah ikan 150 ekor, dan pemberian pakan dengan metode at satiation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada perlakuan. Kanibalisme total pada perlakuan TR 0,25 menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata dengan kontrol dan TR 1, sedangkan pada perlakuan tepung kedelai menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada tiap perlakuannya. Perlakuan TK 100 dengan penambahan tepung kedelai 100 g/kg pakan dan TR 1 dengan penambahan triptofan 10 g/kg pakan terbukti efektif dalam menekan tingkat kanibalisme pada kegiatan pembenihan ikan baung., The Asian redtail catfish fish is a native Indonesian fish that lives in calm waters, is in demand as fish for consumption because of its thick flesh and high economic value. The high level of cannibalism at the larval and fry stages makes the productivity level of this fish low. Soy flour is a phytoestrogen that has a high isoflavone content that can increase estrogen levels in the fish's body. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that can increase serotonin levels in the brain so that aggressiveness can be suppressed. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of adding soy flour and tryptophan to commercial feed to suppress the cannibalism character of Asian redtail catfish fry. This study used a factorial completely randomized design with the addition of soy flour (TK) 0, 100, and 300 g/kg of feed and the addition of 0% tryptophan (TR); 0.25%; and 1%/kg feed with three replications for each treatment. The fish seeds used were 2.56±0.02 cm in size, kept in a container with a capacity of 130 L with a total of 150 fish, and were fed at satiation. The results showed that the results were significantly different (P<0.05) in the treatment. Total cannibalism in the treatment of TR 0.25 showed significantly different results from the control and TR 1 while the soybean flour treatment showed significantly different results in each treatment. Treatment of TK 100 with the addition of soybean flour 100 g/kg feed and TR 1 with the addition of tryptophan 10 g/kg feed proved to be effective in suppressing the level of cannibalism in Asian redtail catfish hatchery activities.
Keyword: Asian redtai catfish, cannibalism, soybean meal, tryptophan

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology