Judul: Evaluation of the Landscape Characteristics of the Alun-alun Lor of Keraton Surakarta, Central Java
Abstrak: Sejarah Keraton Surakarta, yang merupakan perpecahan Kerajaan Mataram, melekat erat dalam penempatan dan penggunaan Alun-alun Lor Surakarta. Tetapi unsur budaya dan penggunaan tapak mulai berubah seiring perkembangan zaman. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya evaluasi karakteristik yang ada saat ini. Evaluasi dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, yaitu mengidentifikasi karakter dan fungsi pengelolaan tapak, signifikansi budaya, serta persepsi dan preferensi masyarakat. Alun-alun Lor Surakarta dinilai tidak nyaman karena memiliki nilai Temperature Humidity Index (THI) tertinggi sebesar 29,45 pada perkerasan tanpa naungan. Nilai-nilai kepercayaan dan kebudayaan yang telah ditanam sejak dahulu, masih mengelilingi Keraton Surakarta hingga kini. Pengunjung biasanya mengunjungi Alun-alun Utara Surakarta untuk berjalan-jalan. Meskipun kebanyakan vegetasi yang berada di Alun-alun Lor Surakarta berjenis pohon, sebanyak 23% pengunjung mengeluhkan tapak yang panas. Rekomendasi akan memperhatikan identitas orisinal alun-alun yang harus dipertahankan dan berdampingan dengan penyesuaian identitas baru, The history of Keraton Surakarta, once was a part of Mataram Kingdom, is closely tied to the placement and utilization of Alun-alun Lor Surakarta. However, the cultural aspect and the site utilization is starting to shift along with the evolution of time. Therefore, there needs to be an evaluation for the current characteristics. The evaluation is done in several steps, namely identificating character and site management's function, cultural significance, also public's perception and preference. Alun-alun Lor Surakarta is considered uncomfortable because its highest (Temperature Humidity Index) THI score is 29,45 on pavements without any shade. The belief and cultural values that have been implanted since the past, still surrounding Keraton Surakarta's until now. Visitors usually visits the AlunAlun Lor Surakarta to stroll. Even though the majority of vegetation in Alun-alun Lor Surakarta is categorized as trees, 23% of visitor complains about the hot temperature on the site. The recommendation will be made in regards of the original identity of the Alun-alun that has to be preserved, alongside with the new identity adjustment.
Keyword: alun-alun cultural significance, landscape characteristics, user perception

Judul: Greenery Planning to Strengthen the Character of Cultural Landscape in the Alun-alun of Keraton Surakarta
Abstrak: Kota Surakarta merupakan kota yang masih kental dengan nilai sejarah dan budaya, salah satunya ditandai dengan masih berdirinya Keraton Surakarta Hardiningrat yang memiliki alun-alun sebagai ruang terbukanya. Namun vegetasi sebagai salah satu elemen lanskap yang memiliki nilai filosofis sejarah dan budaya penting juga tidak dimaksimalkan dalam penataannya sehingga fungsi vegetasi yang diharapkan belum tercapai. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan tata hijau pada kedua alun-alun ini untuk memperkuat karakter alun-alun sebagai bagian dari lanskap budaya Keraton Surakarta sekaligus meningkatkan fungsinya baik secara ekologis maupun estetika sebagai bagian dari ruang terbuka hijau kota. Metode analisis dilakukan secara kuantitatif melalui skoring dan kualitatif yang kemudian disajikan dalam bentuk deskriptif dan spasial. Hasil analisis signifikansi lanskap budaya terhadap tapak menunjukkan bahwa kedua alun-alun ini berada pada kategori sedang. Konsep perencanaan tata hijau ini adalah menjadikan Alun-alun sebagai ruang terbuka yang memiliki karakter lanskap budaya yang selaras dengan Kawasan Keraton Surakarta, sebagai salah satu bentuk upaya pelestarian cagar budaya. Hasil akhir dari penelitian ini berupa site plan dan planting plan yang telah disusun berdasar rencana ruang, sirkulasi dan tata hijau., Surakarta is a city that is closely related to its historical and cultural values, which is marked by the still-standing Keraton Surakarta Hardiningrat which has alun-alun as its open space. Although often used by the citizen, spatial planning and vegetation on the Alun-Alun is not yet managed optimally. Therefore, greenery planning is needed in both alun-alun to strengthen the character of the Alun-alun as part of the cultural landscape of the Keraton Surakarta while enhancing its function both ecologically and aesthetically as part of the city's green open spaces. The method of analysis was carried out quantitatively through scoring and qualitative which was then presented in descriptive and spatial forms. The results of the analysis of the significance of the cultural landscape on the site show that these two alun-alun are in the medium category. The concept of this green planning is to strengthen the cultural landscape character of Alun-alun to be in harmony with the Keraton Surakarta Area, as a form of cultural heritage preservation effort. The final result of this research are site plan and planting plan prepared based on spatial, circulation, and greenery planning.
Keyword: alun-alun, cultural landscape, greenery planning, Keraton Surakarta Hadiningrat, Surakarta city

Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model