Judul: Determination of Chilling Injury Symptoms in Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Abstrak: Cold storage is an effective method to extend the self life and assuring quality product of horticulture such us starfruit. However, cold storage may cause chilling injury that will be lead to deterioration of product quality. Method for determination of chilling injury symptoms in starfruit has been developed using NIR absorbance spectra and two models of multivarians analysis i.e. Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). PLS and ANN models were built from 63 pH values extracted from starfruit stored at 5oC (chilling temperature) for 30 days. PLS model resulted r, RMSEC, RMSEP and cv were 0.6115, 0.1456, 0.1632 and 4.43%, while ANN model were 0.5207, 0.1589, 0.1911, 5.24% respectively. PLS showed better results than that of ANN. PLS, then was used to predict the pH value from absorbance NIR spectra of 10 monitoring starfruit, which was stored at 5oC for 30 days. Results of pH prediction were used to determine the slope of ion leakage by equation Y = 0.0406x - 0.037 (where y is predictive of IL and x is pH value). The results showed that the highest of slope IL occured at days 6, the same result as obtained through destructive method at days 6, the result demonstrates that chilling injury may be determined using NIR absorbance spectra and PLS model.
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Judul: Deteksi Gejala Chilling Injury Buah Belimbing (Averrhoa carambola L.) Yang Disimpan Pada Suhu Rendah Dengan NIR Spectroscopy
Abstrak: Cold storage or low temperature storage is an effective method to extend the self life and assuring quality product of horticulture such as star fruit. However, stored in low temperature may cause chilling injury which decreases the quality of star fruit. Chilling injury of star fruit has correlation with the change of pH content during storage. The change of pH content during storage my be determined nondestructively using near infrared (NIR) Spectroscopy. The objectives of this study were to determine quality of star fruit during storage, to build calibration model of NIR reflectance spectra to predict the pH content during storage at 5 oC temperature, and to determine chilling injury symptoms based on change of ion leakage slope during storage using NIR reflectance. Calibration were built using partial least squares (PLS). Result of analysis showed that the change of pH content could be predicted well by NIR reflectance using the calibration model of PLS for star fruit stored at 5 oC. The change of ion leakage slope based on change of pH content also could be determined using NIR reflectance for star fruits stored at 5 oC.
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Judul: Gejala deurbanisasi Jakarta dan lahirnya megapolitan
Abstrak: Meningkatnya pembangunan di DKI Jakarta tidak menyebabkan meningkatnya pertumbuhan migrasi masuk Jakarta. Tingkat pertumbuhan migrasi masuk Jakarta berkurang setiap tahun, bahkan jumlah migrasi masuk Jakarta menurun sangat tajam pada tahun 2005. Disisi lain, tingkat pertumbuhan migrasi masuk di wilayah Bodetabek terus bertambah. Migrasi yang masuk menuju Bodetabek didominasi oleh migran asal Jakarta. Hal ini mengindikasikan terjadinya gejala deurbanisasi Jakarta, yaitu menurunnya migrasi ke pusat kota dan meningkatnya migrasi menuju wilayah pinggiran kota. Proses deurbanisasi ini dipengaruhi oleh meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi Bodetabek, biaya hidup yang lebih murah di Bodetabek, dan harga lahan di Jakarta yang melambung tinggi. Namun, proses trickle down effect yang seharusnya terjadi akibat deurbanisasi belum terlihat dengan jelas dalam pembangunan Bodetabek terutama pada pembangunan wilayah tingkat kabupaten. Hal ini dikarenakan pembangunan di Bodetabek belum merata ke seluruh wilayah. Selain itu, perencanaan pembangunan di wilayah Bodetabek sejak awal pembangunan ditujukan untuk membentuk kawasan Megapolitan Jabodetabek. Hal ini dapat terlihat pada besarnya peranan Bodetabek sebagai penyangga Ibu Kota Jakarta. Kawasan Bodetabek didominasi dengan pembangunan industri, pemukiman dan perdagangan. Namun pada nyatanya, pembangunan kawasan Megapolitan Jabodetabek masih berada pada wilayah-wilayah sekitar Jakarta, sehingga wilayah kabupaten yang terletak agak jauh dari Jakarta belum mengalami perubahan secara signifikan.
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