Judul: Genetic ability of north sulawesi local horse to be indonesian horse stock
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam lima kajian. Penelitian pertama untuk mempelajari karakterisasi morfologi, keragaman genetik dan jarak genetik kuda lokal Sulawesi Utara. Tujuan penelitian adalah mendapatkan keragaman morfometri dari kuda lokal di Minahasa. Bobot badan dan ukuran tubuh diperoleh dari 193 kuda betina dan 309 kuda jantan dewasa. Analisis multivarian digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan baik bentuk maupun ukuran tubuh dari empat sub-populasi kuda di Sulawesi Utara yaitu, Tomohon, Manado, Minahasa Selatan dan Minahasa. Metode statistic yang digunkkan adalah general linear model (PROCGLM), analisis diskriminan (PROCDISCRIM) dan analisis komponen utama (PROCPRINCOMP) dari paket statistik SAS versi 9.2 dan MEGA 4 untuk membuat konstruksi filogenitas. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa sub-populasi di Tomohon memiliki ukuran tubuh dan bobot badan lebih tinggi (P<0.05) dari ketiga sub-populasidi ketiga daerah lainnya (Manado, Minahasa Selatan dan Minahasa). Lebar pinggul adalah peubah pembeda paling utama yang membedakan kuda lokal di Sulwesi Utara. Hasil ini mendukung strategi pemberdayaan dalam rangka memperkenalkan pemanfaatan dan pengembangan sumberdaya ternak kuda lokal. Penelitian kedua adalah menganalisis karakteristik pola warna bulu kuda lokal Sulawesi Utara dengan tujuan untuk mendapatkan keragaman fenotip dan genotip dari pola warna bulu kuda Sulawesi Utara. Penelitian ini dilakukan di empat lokasi di Sulawesi Utara (Tomohon, Manado, Minahasa Selatan dan Minahasa). Analisis jarak genetik didasarkan pada penampilan warna bulu dimana hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa warna bulu yang terdapat pada keempat daerah tersebut adalah bay, chestnut, bay-cream, chestnut-cream, roan, black, white dan spotted.
Keyword: sulawesi utara, indonesia

Judul: Analysis of Local Horse Pedicab Coat Color Pattern in North Sulawesi
Abstrak: Horse has been domesticated since ancient times. The horse coat color is the expression of genotype and categorize as qualitative traits. Information on the characteristic of Indonesian, especially in North Sulawesi horse coat color is very limited. The aim of this study is to determine the phenotype and genotype of coat color of horse in the North Sulawesi. The study was conducted in four different areas in North Sulawesi, Tomohon, Manado, Minahasa and Amurang. Genetic distance analyses based on coat color was performed. The most coat color in the four areas was bay, chestnut, bay-cream, chestnut-cream, roan, black, white and spotted. The dominant coat color was bay and chestnut. Genetic distance analyses result indicate that the horse from Manado, Minahasa and Amurang are clustered in one group and separated to Tomohon population with the genetic distance between the two cluster was 0.002244. The genetic distance of the horse from Manado and from Minahasa was 0.000164. On the other hand, the genetic distance of the horse from Manado and Minahasa group and Amurang was 0.001006. The smallest genetic indicates the closeness genetic between the two population.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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