Judul: Uji aktivitas anti lithiasis ekstrak etanol  daun alpukat (Persea Americana Mill)  pada tikus putih jantan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas anti lithiasis dari ekstrak etanol daun alpukat (Persea americana Mill) pada tikus putih jantan model nefrolithiasis dengan induksi etilen glikol. Daun alpukat dipercaya masyarakat sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengatasi batu ginjal. Aktivitas anti lithiasis yang terdapat pada ekstrak etanol daun alpukat diperiksa dengan melihat daya hambatnya terhadap pembentukan kristal kalsium oksalat. Pada akhir perlakuan ginjal tikus diambil dan dianalisis kadar kalsium dan fosfornya. Parameter ginjal meliputi bobot ginjal dan rasio terhadap bobot badan tikus. Hasilnya menunjukan kadar kalsium pada kelompok tikus perlakuan secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok tikus kontrol tanpa perlakuan (p < 0,05). Ini membuktikan ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dapat menjadi alternatif pengobatan batu ginjal. Kata kunci : Persea americana Mill; anti lithiasis; batu ginjal; etilen glikol.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun  Alpukat (persea americana mill.) Terhadap aktivitas  Diuretik Tikus Putih Jantan Sprague-Dawley
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak etanol daun alpukat terhadap aktivitas diuretik. Penapisan fitokimia terhadap daun alpukat diperoleh bahan aktif yang terkandung adalah flavonoid, tanin dan kuinon. Sebanyak 25 ekor tikus putih jantan strain Sprague-Dawley dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu: kelompok normal yang diberi aquadest; kelompok kontrol positif yang diberi furosemid dosis 1.8 mg/kg bb; kelompok ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dosis 100 mg/kg bb; kelompok ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dosis 200 mg/kg bb; dan kelompok ekstrak etanol daun alpukat dosis 300 mg/kg bb. Metode yang digunakan adalah Lipschitz dengan cara mencekokan setiap bahan dengan dosis pemberian 1 ml/100 gram bb. Pengujian terhadap aktivitas diuretik dilakukan dengan melihat volume urin yang dikeluarkan selama 24 jam. Aktivitas diuretik meningkat pada pemberian ekstrak etanol daun alpukat. Ektrak etanol daun alpukat dosis 100 mg/kg bb menunjukan aktivitas diuretik yang paling optimum. Peningkatan dosis ekstrak etanol daun alpukat tidak menunjukan hasil yang lebih baik. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun alpukat meningkatkan aktivitas diuretik. Kata kunci: ekstrak, etanol, daun alpukat, aktivitas diuretik.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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