Judul: Iklim Pulau Bali
Abstrak: Curah hujan rata-rata bulanan di Bali berkisar antara 47 mm sampai 327 mm, dengan curah hujan maksimum jatuh pada bulan Januari dan minimum pada bulan Agustus. Total hujan setahun rata-rata di Bali 1901 mm. Pada muim angin barat, curah hujan di utara pegunungan relatif sama dengan di selatan pegunungan, sedangkan pada musim angin timur curah hujan di selatan pegunungan lebih tinggi daripada di utara pegunungan. Isohyet tiap bulan di Bali menunjukkan pengaruh ого- grafis terjadi di bagian timur P. Bali yang mengakibatkan di selatan pegunungan lebih basah daripada di di utara pegunungan selama musim kemarau (monsoon timur). Dari isohyet tersebut dapat juga dilihat bahwa potensi air tertinggi ada di bagian timur P. Bali ini khususnya di bawah kaki G. Agung. Musim angin barat di Bali terjadi pada bulan Desember sampai dengan bulan Maret, dan pada bulan April sampai bulan September merupakan musim angin timur. Musim panca roba terjadi pada bulan Oktober sampai bulan November. ..
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Distribusi curah hujan bulanan di pulau Jawa yang merupakan bagian dari kepulauan Indonesia, selama periode bulan Desember – Maret dipengaruhi oleh muson barat dengan banyak uap air yang berasal dari lautan yang dilintasinya dan konvergen dengan angin pasat timur di wilayah Laut Jawa. Sebaliknya pada periode Mei – September, muson timur yang berasal Australia bersifat kering karena hanya melewati laut yang relatif pendek. Sementara itu informasi curah hujan sangat diperlukan oleh berbagai sektor dalam menyusun program dan melaksanakan kegiatan. Informasi tersebut dapat berupa suatu hasil observasi maupun hasil prakiraan. Dengan demikian prakiraan adalah suatu bagian yang amat penting bagi pengguna. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk; (1) menganalisis korelasi curah hujan bulanan di wilayah Jawa bagian utara dengan Suhu Muka Laut (SML) dan Outgoinglongwave Radiation (OLR) di sekitar wilayah Indonesia; (2) menyusun model prakiraan curah hujan di wilayah tersebut dengan prediktor SML dan OLR di sekitar wilayah Indonesia menggunakan metode Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST); dan (3) melakukan verifikasi periode 2003 – 2007 hasil model JST dengan data observasi dalam periode tahun 2003 – 2007.
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Judul: Fortification of Calcium and Tocopherol to Improve Nutritional Quality of Beef Emulsion Product
Abstrak: Way to increase the consumption of beef is by improving the quality of beef products, especially in terms of nutrition. Beef can be developed into processed beef products that can provide one or more physiological effects beyond its function as a protein source (Murwani 2011). This can be done by adding functional ingredients, that is through the fortification of essential nutrients in processed beef products (Toldra and Reig 2011). The low calcium and tocopherol content in beef and its processed products motivate to conduct on calcium and tocopherol fortification in processed beef products. The study was conducted in two stages. The first stage was the basic formulation of processed beef product (PEDSNF) and formulation of fortified processed beef product (PEDSF). Determination the best PEDSF was done by hedonic test. The analysis which was conducted were physical properties (color and hardness) and chemical composition (moisture, fat, protein, carbohydrates, calcium, total tocopherol content). The second stage was in vivo test to analyze the protein biological value, calcium absorption and retention and liver MDA levels. The results of hedonic test showed that the addition of calcium and tocopherol did not affect the sensory quality of the product. Panelists still liked fortified processed beef product. The best PEDSF was beef emulsion product with the addition of 3250 ppm of Calcium citrate and 300 ppm of dl-α-Tocopheryl acetate. The results of color analysis indicated that PEDSF have L value (brightness) and a value (redness) higher than PEDSNF. Results of the texture analysis showed that the hardness of PEDSF was lower than PEDSNF. The level of calcium in beef emulsion product after adding calcium was increased by 70% and the level of total tocopherol of beef emulsion product after adding tocopherol was increased by 36%. The results of proximate analysis showed that the water, fat, protein contents of PEDSF were lower than PEDSNF while the carbohydrate level of PEDSF was higher than PEDSNF. The results of in vivo test showed that True Digestibility (TD) and Net Protein Utilization (NPU) of PEDSF were 93.0% and 87.2% respectively. This indicated that the high protein biological value of PEDSF. The results of analysis of calcium absorption and retention showed that intake of PEDSF enhanced calcium absorption (66.8%) and retention (66.6%). MDA level of mice group of PEDSF (67056.6 mmol / L) was higher than control group (19164.1 mmol / L). This meant that the tocopherol intake from diet PEDSF did not sufficient to reduce body oxidative stress.
Keyword: ortification, calcium, tocopherol,, beef emulsion product