Judul: Uji Kemampuan Kandidat Vaksin DNA Viral Nervous Necrosis Dalam Menginduksi Antibodi Pada Ikan Kerapu Tikus (Cromileptes altivelis)
Abstrak: Viral nervous necrosis (VNN) is one of the diseases that often infect grouper fish. Two DNA vaccines for VNN, namely pmBA-CP and pJfKer-CP have been constructed. The pmBA- CP construct is controlled by medaka β-actin (mBA) promoter, while pJfKer-CP by Japanese flounder keratin (JfKer) promoter. This study was aimed to examine the antibody induction of coat protein (CP) DNA vaccinated humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis). The research was divided into three steps, i.e. (1) analysis of the CP VNN using SDS-PAGE and Western blot methods, (2) analysis of CP mRNA expression using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) method, and (3) analysis of anti VNN antibody induction of vaccinated fish using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) sandwich method, and VNN challenge test of vaccinated fish. The results of SDSPAGE showed a specific protein of about 42 kDa from DNA vaccine-injected catfish embryos. By Western blot analysis using a polyclonal antibody produced in this study, the similar size of protein was also obtained in catfish embryos injected by DNA vaccine. This suggests that the polyclonal antibody anti VNN from rabbit immunization with VNN could recognize CP protein from DNA vaccine injected catfish embryos. In subsequent experiment, we used pmBA-CP DNA construct due to the result of CP protein from pmBA-CP injected catfish embryos was higher than that of pJfKer-CP. Humpback grouper juvenile was intramuscularly injected with pmBA-CP in a dose of 12.5 μg per fish, and RTPCR analysis were performed to detect the present of CP mRNA in the fish muscle extracted at different time post vaccination. The results showed that CP mRNA expression was detected at 24 hours postvaccination. This means that mBA promoter could regulate the expression of CP gene in humpback grouper. Furthermore, the result of ELISA showed higher ratio of S/P using serum from pmBA-CP vaccinated fish than unvaccinated fish (control group) at 21 to 35 days postvaccination. This suggests that DNA vaccination is capable of inducing the antibody anti VNN in humpback grouper. Furthermore, the result of challenge test with VNN virus titer of 103,5 FID50/0,2 ml generated 60% relative percent survival. Thus, pmBA-CP DNA vaccination can be useful to improve the resistance of grouper fish against VNN infection, and support the increasing aquaculture production level.
Keyword: 

Judul: Uji potensi Artemia sp. sebagai vektor pembawa vaksin DNA untuk benih ikan mas Cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) is one of the most common impetuses for disease on common carp Cyprinus carpio. Generally, viral disease is difficult to cure because virus is intra-cellular parasite, that virus survives, multiplies, and lives only if it on the host cell. The DNA vaccine that gift with oral method by Artemia sp. is one alternative that expected to handle fish viral disease. This experiment was carried out to analysis DNA vaccine expression encoding of glycoprotein gene (GP11) on Cyprinus carpio. Bacterial that has contents plasmid Krt-GP11 as vaccine is served through Artemia sp as vaccine carrier. Artemia sp containing the DNA vaccine was prepared for once or twice provisions a week to three week old common carp. The existence of DNA vaccine in intestine, kidney, and gill is analyzed by PCR method. The organs were analyzed every 3 days after vaccination. The expression of GP11 in kidney organs in each treatment is also observed by the use of RT-PCR method. Expressions in the organs were analyzed 10 days after vaccination. The experiment shows that dose of DNA vaccine in whole bacteria could be expressed is 106 cfu in a once or twice provisions a week. DNA vaccine could be detected in three organs. Also, RT-PCR analysis shows that the expression of GP11 can be detected in all tested organs. In conclusion, Artemia sp. can be employed as a vector to carry for plasmid GP11 vaccine with 90 minutes submersion.
Keyword: 

Judul: Kegiatan merencana dan melaksana dalam arsitektura landsekap
Abstrak: Permasalahan yang timbul dalam abad modern sekarang ini sering disebabkan oleh tingginya laju pertambahan penduduk di suatu negara. Di negara yang sedang berkembang laju pertambahan penduduknya justru lebih rendah jika dibandingkan dengan negara-negara maju. Data dari USDA (1975) dalam Khumaidi (1980) menunjukkan bahwa laju pertambahan penduduk di negara sedang berkembang sebesar 2.5% per tahun, sedangkan di negara maju hanya mencapai 1% per tahun. Dengan demikian jelas bahwa permasalahan yang timbul akibat pertambahan penduduk lebih sering dirasakan di negara-negara yang sedang berkembang. Pesatnya pertambahan jumlah penduduk selain menimbulkan masalah ketenagakerjaan juga telah mengakibatkan makin menyempitnya total areal pemukiman per keluarga (Nurhajati, 1983). Keadaan ini terlihat jelas di kota-kota besar seperti kota metropolitan Jakarta, Surabaya dan Semarang. Banyak. rumah yang mempunyai halaman sempit di kota tersebut. Kondisi lingkungan yang demikian tentunya bukanlah kondisi ideal yang diinginkan oleh manusia. Kesegaran udara, kenyamanan lingkungan dan ketenteraman tidak dapat diperoleh dalam lingkungan yang demikian. Oleh karena itu tidak mengherankan bila pada hari-hari libur sering orang-orang dari kota besar menyempatkan diri berekreasi ke luar kota hanya sekedar untuk menikmati sejuknya udara pegunungan dan indahnya pemandangan alam yang sudah tidak dapat diperoleh lagi di kota-kota besar.
Keyword: