Judul: Profil Parameter Kerusakan Hepatosit dan Fungsi Ginjal pada Induk Sapi yang Diberi Vaksin Iradiasi Streptococcus agalactiae untuk Pencegahan Mastitis Subklinis
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek dari vaksin iradiasi Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae) sebagai vaksin yang dilemahkan (LD50) dengan iradiasi sinar gamma untuk pencegahan penyakit mastitis subklinis terhadap aktivitas enzim hati dan fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 ekor induk sapi periode kering kandang sehat secara klinis dan bebas mastitis subklinis melalui California Mastitis Test. Induk sapi dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (tidak diberi vaksin iradiasi S. agalactiae) dan kelompok perlakuan (diberi vaksin iradiasi S.agalactiae). Vaksinasi dilakukan sebanyak 4 kali setiap 2 minggu, secara subkutan sebanyak 5mL/ekor (108 cfu/mL). Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan melalui vena coccygealis setiap 2 minggu sejak masa kering kandang hingga 2 bulan post-partus, untuk dianalisis terhadap aktivitas enzim hati, yaitu alanine aminotransferase (ALT) dan aspartate aminotransferase (AST) serta profil metabolit ginjal, yaitu kadar ureum dan kreatinin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas enzim ALT dan AST serta kadar ureum dan kreatinin masih berada dalam rentang referensi normal sepanjang pengamatan berlangsung. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian vaksin iradiasi S. agalactiae sebanyak 4 kali pada induk sapi FH bunting periode kering kandang tidak menyebabkan perubahan pada aktivitas enzim ALT dan AST serta kadar ureum dan kreatinin.
Keyword: enzim hati, fungsi ginjal, mastitis subklinis, vaksin iradiasi Streptococcus agalactiae

Judul: Pengaruh Vaksin Iradiasi Streptococcus agalactiae untuk Pencegahan Mastitis Subklinis terhadap Profil Leukosit Sapi Friesian Holstein.
Abstrak: Mastitis subklinis (MSK) merupakan penyakit yang sering dialami sapi perah jenis Friesian Holstein (FH) di Indonesia. Bakteri dominan penyebab MSK adalah Streptococcus agalactiae (S. agalactiae). Pencegahan MSK dapat dilakukan melalui pemberian vaksin iradiasi S. agalactiae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian vaksin iradiasi S. agalactiae untuk pencegahan MSK terhadap profil leukosit sapi FH. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 ekor sapi FH masa kering kandang dengan hasil uji mastitis subklinis negatif menurut California Mastitis Test (CMT). Induk sapi dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (tidak divaksin dengan vaksin iradiasi S. agalactiae) dan perlakuan (divaksin dengan vaksin iradiasi S. agalactiae). Vaksin disuntikkan secara subkutan sebanyak 4 kali dengan interval antar vaksinasi 2 minggu. Dosis vaksin yang diberikan sebanyak 5 mL/ekor (108 cfu/mL). Pengambilan sampel darah melalui vena coccygealis dilakukan setiap 2 minggu, dimulai pada saat sebelum vaksinasi pertama hingga 6 minggu setelah vaksinasi IV untuk dianalisis terhadap jumlah total leukosit dan diferensial leukosit (jumlah neutrofil, limfosit, monosit, eosinofil, dan basofil). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan yang signifikan pada jumlah total leukosit, limfosit, dan monosit. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian vaksin iradiasi S. agalactiae dapat meningkatkan respon sistem kekebalan tubuh.
Keyword: Mastitis subklinis, profil leukosit, Streptococcus agalactiae, vaksin iradiasi

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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