Judul: Pengaruh irradiasi sinar gamma cobalt 60 terhadap perubahan karakter morfologi, molekuler dan senyawa aktif tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich Ex Ness).
Abstrak: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich Ex Ness) is a medicinal plant that became the pre-eminent national and prospective to be developed in Indonesia. Self pollination from sambiloto affected of the low of genetic variation. Irradiation is one strategy that can be used to increase the genetic diversity for economically important characters and improve the content of the active compounds in medicinal plants. One method to increase the genetic diversity is by using irradiation. The change of mutan character in medicinal plants by irradiation can be detected by morphological and molecular. Detection of characters change by morphology character is done by observing changes in phenotype, while in molecular character can be done at the DNA level by PCR analysis. The aim of this research was to change mutan character of sambiloto plants by irradiaton with gamma rays on morphology and molecular character. Seeds of sambiloto in clean plastic were irradiated in Cobalt 60 Gamma Chamber machine with dose treatment were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 Gy. Morphological observation was performed on sambiloto mutan in M1V0, M1V1, M1V2 and M1V3 generations. Analysis of molecular mutant by 10 primers of ISSR was used to obtain DNA profiles. Detection of pytochemical profiles has been done by HPLC method. The result of LD50 analyzed by using CurveExpert 1.3 was obtained 140.363 Gy. There were morphological changes between irradiated plants and control. Analysis of varians showed significant result of some observed character. Analysis of DNA profiles showed 5 primers can distinguish changes of DNA profiles, 4 primers showed the same number and size bands and 1 primer could not amplified. Analysis of genetic similarity obtained 6 groups with genetic distance 0.79-1.00. Analysis of chemichal profiles using HPLC showed different andrographolide content ranged from 6.5%-10.9%. More higher doses showed more high andrographolide content. Phytochemical profiles showed 3 mutants had additional peak compared to control.
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Judul: Pengaruh intensitas naungan dan kombinasi pemupukan N dan P terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi simplisia serta kandungan andrographolida pada sambiloto [Andrographis paniculata]
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh intensitas naungan dan kombinasi pemupukan N dan P terhadap pertumbuhan, produksi simplisia serta kandungan andrographolida pada sambiloto. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2008 - Februari 2009 di Kebun Percobaan IPB Sawah Baru, Darmaga. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Petak Terbagi dengan dua faktor yaitu perlakuan intensitas naungan dan kombinasi pemupukan N dan P. Petak utama adalah intensitas naungan yang terdiri atas tiga taraf yaitu 0, 25, dan 50%. Kombinasi dosis pupuk N dan P sebagai anak petak terdiri dari enam taraf yaitu 100 – 100, 150 – 100, 200 – 100, 150 - 150, 150 – 200, and 200 – 200 kg N – kg P2O5 per ha. Bahan yang digunakan adalah bibit sambiloto yang berasal dari biji, berumur 6 minggu, dan ditanam dengan jarak tanam 30 cm x 30 cm. Seluruh perlakuan diberikan pupuk kandang satu minggu sebelum tanam dengan dosis 20 ton/ha. Pupuk diberikan sesuai dengan perlakuan satu minggu setelah tanam (MST). Seluruh perlakuan diberikan pupuk KCl dengan dosis 150 K2O kg/ha. Aplikasi pemupukan kedua dan ketiga dilakukan pada waktu 11 dan 19 MST dengan setengah dosis N dari pemupukan pertama. Pemanenan dilakukan tiga kali yaitu pada 10, 18, dan 25 MST dengan cara dikepras setinggi 10 cm di atas permukaan tanah. Analisis kandungan andrographolida menggunakan alat HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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