Judul: Pengenalan Chord pada Alat Musik Gitar Menggunakan Codebook dengan Teknik Ekstraksi Ciri MFCC
Abstrak: Human auditory system is capable of extracting rich and meaningful data from complex audio signal. To recognize chord sequences that played in some kind of music is not an easy task. People need big effort to train their sense of hearing so they can recognize that kind sound of chords. This condition is also valid in a computer system. Finding the key and labeling the chords automatically from music are great use for those who want to do harmonic analysis of music. Hence automatic chord recognition has been a topic of interest in the context of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) for several years, and attempts have been made in implementing such systems using well understood signal processing and pattern recognition techniques. This research is about to recognize the sound of chord that played and recorded by guitar instrument. There are 24 major-minor chords that used in this research. MFCC is used as feature extraction and the number of coefficient cepstral that used are 13 and 26. Each chord signal that has been extracted then clustered using K-means algorithm with 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 k numbers to create codebook that use as a model of each chord. For the recognition process, there are two methods that used in this research, unstructured recognition and structured recognition. For the result, this research produces two kinds model of codebook that are codebook with 13 coefficients and codebook with 26 coefficients. Both types of codebook show a good result with accuracy level above 88%. The best result yielded from usage of 26 coefficient cepstral with structured recognition. It’s accuracy level reach 97%. Hence the usage of 26 coefficient cepstral is better than the usage of 13 coefficient cepstral with difference of accuration level is about 7%. This research also shows the affectation of the numbers k-means that used. An increasing accuration level shown by increasing the amount of k-cluster.
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Judul: Pengenalan Chord pada Gitar dengan MFCC Sebagai Metode Ekstraksi Ciri dan Jaringan Saraf Tiruan Sebagai Metode Pengenalan Pola
Abstrak: Human hearing system is capable of identifying sounds or audio signals, especially sounds that are familiar in their daily lives. However, recognizing chord sequences played in some kind of music is not an easy task. People need big effort to train their sense of hearing so that they can recognize chords. This condition is also valid for a computer system. Finding the key and labeling the chords automatically from music are of great use for those who want to do harmonic analysis of music. This research is about to recognize chords played and recorded by a guitar instrument. There are 24 chords used in this research. MFCC was used as a feature extraction using 13 and 26 cepstral coefficients. Each chord signal which has been extracted is modeled using artificial neural networks as a method of pattern recognition. This research results in an accuracy level above 90%. From the research that has been done, it can be concluded that modeling using back propagation neural networks on guitar chords recognition has an accuracy of 92%, better than the codebook method performed in the previous research which resulted in an accuracy of 88%. An increasing accuracy level is shown by using artificial neural networks for pattern recognition
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Judul: Pendugaan Erosi Dan Perencanaan Tutupan Lahan Di Hulu DAS Jeneberang, Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Erosi merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya degradasi lahan. Degradasi lahan adalah penurunan produktivitas lahan, baik sementara atau selamanya. DAS Jeneberang sebagai salah satu DAS prioritas di Indonesia memiliki permasalahan erosi yang tinggi di daerah hulu. Kondisi hulu DAS Jeneberang dianggap penting karena fungsinya sebagai daerah tangkapan air waduk Bili-bili yang memiliki manfaat publik sebagai pengendali banjir, untuk suplai air baku, sumber air irigasi, dan penyedia energi listrik tenaga air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis tutupan lahan dan perubahannya di hulu DAS Jeneberang, menduga erosi dan sedimen di hulu DAS Jeneberang dan menyusun rekomendasi perencanaan tutupan lahan di hulu DAS Jeneberang dengan indikator erosi yang diperbolehkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode tumpang susun peta, prediksi tutupan lahan dengan model Markov dan CA Markov, pendugaan erosi tanah dengan persamaan Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), pendugaan sedimen dengan pendekatan SDR, menyusun skenario tutupan lahan dan simulasi perhitungan erosi dugaan skenario untuk mendapatkan tutupan lahan yang memiliki erosi tanah dibawah erosi yang diizinkan. Skenario tutupan lahan terdiri atas: skenario (1) Tutupan lahan tahun 2030 BAU; (2) Tutupan lahan tahun 2030 dengan intervensi kebijakan lahan hutan yang berada dalam kawasan hutan harus dipertahankan dan penggunaan lahan bukan kehutanan yang terlanjur berada di dalam kawasan hutan dihentikan penambahannya; (3) Tutupan lahan peta kawasan hutan, dan (4) Tutupan lahan peta RTRW kabupaten Gowa tahun 2012-2032. Hasil simulasi skenario yang memiliki erosi dugaan terkecil dilakukan modifikasi faktor tindakan konservasi tanah untuk memperoleh skenario terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tutupan lahan di hulu DAS Jeneberang periode tahun 2006 sampai 2018 mengalami penambahan dan pengurangan luas. Penambahan lahan terbesar adalah tegalan seluas 158,4 ha, dan penambahan lainnya pada pemukiman, sawah serta semak belukar. Tutupan lahan yang mengalami pengurangan luas adalah hutan, kebun campuran, lahan terbuka. Rata-rata erosi dugaan eksisting di hulu DAS Jeneberang sebesar 807,5 ton/ha/tahun dengan erosi yang ditoleransi hanya 28,9 ton/ha/tahun. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi perhitungan erosi dugaan, penerapan tutupan lahan skenario RTRW Kabupaten Gowa tahun 2012-2032 menghasilkan erosi dugaan paling kecil. Karena erosi yang diperoleh masih lebih besar dari erosi yang diperbolehkan, maka dilakukan tindakan konservasi tanah untuk memperoleh skenario terbaik dalam pengelolaan DAS di hulu DAS Jeneberang. Rata-rata erosi dugaan skenario yang diperoleh sebesar 27,8 ton/ha/tahun atau sebesar 667.270 ton per tahun. Skenario ini mampu menekan laju erosi dibawah erosi yang diperbolehkan dan menghasilkan sedimen dugaan dibawah sedimen target sebesar 96,6 % dari kondisi eksisting.
Keyword: DAS Jeneberang, Erosi, Perubahan Tutupan Lahan, Skenario