Judul: Pengembangan Sereal Fungsional Berbasis Beras Pecah Kulit Putih, Merah, dan Hitam
Abstrak: Gangguan kesehatan yang umumnya terjadi di Indonesia adalah kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas. Pangan fungsional merupakan kunci penyelesaian masalah gangguan kesehatan di Indonesia. Beras merah dan hitam yang mengandung senyawa fenolik dipilih sebagai bahan utama dari produk pangan fungsional. Produk ekstrusi berupa sereal sarapan umumnya banyak dikonsumsi di Indonesia sehingga cocok untuk dijadikan pangan fungsional untuk mengentaskan gangguan kesehatan. Pengujian pada sereal formulasi adalah total fenol, Indeks Kelarutan Air (IKA), Indeks Penyerapan Air (IPA), derajat pengembangan, kerenyahan dan kekerasan. Produk dari formulasi terpilih yang diperoleh dari pengolahan menggunakan software Design Expert-7 (DX-7) terdiri dari campuran tepung beras merah sebesar 27 %, tepung beras putih 27 %, tepung beras hitam 27 %, tepung kacang merah 10 %, wijen 5 %, air 3 % dan garam 1 %. Produk yang dihasilkan memiliki kandungan total fenol sebesar 0.9811 mg Galat Acid Equivalent/100g basis kering, derajat pengembangan 209.7083 %, IKA 0.0356 gram/mL, IPA 4.7402 mL/gram, kekerasan 2993.7000 gF, dan kerenyahan 1948.7711 gF. Respon yang signifikan berdasarkan hasil analisis dan pengolahan dengan DX-7 adalah total fenol, derajat pengembangan, dan kekerasan.
Keyword: Fenolik, gangguan kesehatan, optimasi, pangan fungsional, sereal

Judul: Pengembangan Sereal Sarapan berbasis Beras Hitam Pecah Kulit, Kacang Merah, dan Wijen.
Abstrak: Beras hitam pecah kulit (Oryza sativa L.) mengandung senyawa fenolik yang memiliki potensi antioksidan. Kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) memiliki protein yang tinggi, sedangkan wijen (Sesamum indicum L.) banyak disukai karena aromanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan formula terbaik sereal sarapan dengan bahan baku beras hitam pecah kulit, kacang merah, dan wijen dengan pemilihan berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kesukaan konsumen. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yaitu faktor kombinasi presentase subtitusi kacang merah (0%, 5%, 10%) (b/b) dan wijen (0%, 5%, 10%) terhadap derajat pengembangan sereal, indeks penyerapan air, indeks kelarutan air, kekerasan, kerenyahan, dan tingkat kesukaan konsumen. Formula sereal beras hitam pecah kulit terbaik yaitu sampel sereal dengan dengan subtitusi 5% tepung kacang merah dan 10% wijen. Sereal beras hitam pecah kulit terbaik memiliki kadar total total fenol rata-rata sebesar 0.177 mg GAE/g. Kandungan proksimat sereal antara lain kadar air sebesar 7.79% (bb), kadar abu sebesar 2.15% (bb), kadar protein sebesar 10.21% (bb), kadar lemak sebesar 2.15% (bb), dan kadar karbohidrat sebesar 77.70% (bb). Subtitusi tepung kacang merah meningkatkan jumlah protein pada sereal. Sereal termasuk produk sereal rendah lemak.
Keyword: beras hitam, fenol, kacang merah, sereal, wijen

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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