Judul: Identification of Aquatic Insects Order Odonata Based on 16S  rRNA Gene Markers in Cigambreng River Waters, Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Serangga air dari ordo Odonata menjadi salah satu ordo yang digunakan sebagai biondikator. Secara morfologis, serangga air memiliki kemiripan yang sulit dibedakan sehingga perlu pendekatan genetik dengan melakukan identifikasi molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serangga air ordo Odonata hingga tingkat spesies di hulu Sungai Cigambreng, Kabupaten Bogor berdasarkan pendekatan molekuler menggunakan marka gen 16S rRNA. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 sampai Juni 2023. Analisis molekuler melalui tahap isolasi, ekstraksi, amplifikasi, visualisasi, serta sekuensing. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah pensejajaran sekuen nukleotida, perhitugan jarak genetik, dan analisis filogenetik dengan aplikasi MEGA X. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua jenis spesies, yaitu Pseudagrion pilidorsum (≥99%) dan Vestalis melania (≤92%). Hasil jarak genetik dan pohon filogenetik menunjukkan Pseudagrion pilidorsum dan Vestalis melania memiliki masing masing nilai jarak genetik yang rendah dengan spesies ingroup karena memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang tinggi., Aquatic Insects of the order Odonata became one of the orders used as biondicators. Morphologically, aquatic insects have similarities that are difficult to distinguish so it needs a genetic approach by conducting molecular identification. This study aims to identify aquatic insects of the Odonata order up to the species level in the upper reaches of the Cigambreng River, Bogor Regency based on a molecular approach using 16S rRNA gene markers. This research was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023. Molecular analysis through the stages of isolation, extraction, amplification, visualization, and sequencing. The data analysis used was nucleotide sequence alignment, genetic distance alignment, and phylogenetic analysis with the MEGA X application. The validation results showed that there were two types of species, namely Pseudagrion pilidorsum (≥99%) and Vestalis melania (≤92%). The results of genetic distance and phylogenetic trees showed Pseudagrion pilidorsum and Vestalis melania each had low genetic distance values with ingroup species because they were highly related.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Bioindikator, Filogeni, Morfologi, Serangga air

Judul: Aquatic Insect Communities in Several Waterfalls of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang
Abstrak: Air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang merupakan sumber air yang sangat penting bagi masyarakat Bogor. Kualitas air di tempat tersebut perlu dijaga dengan baik melalui monitoring lingkungan menggunakan bioindikator serangga akuatik. Ordo EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, dan Trichoptera) paling umum digunakan sebagai bioindikator karena kelompok serangga tersebut sering dijumpai di perairan bersih dan sangat sensitif terhadap perubahan faktor fisikokimia perairan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan membandingkan komunitas serangga akuatik di beberapa air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang serta menentukan kualitas perairan berdasarkan komunitas serangga akuatiknya. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling pada jalur transek sepanjang 10 m dari titik nol sekitar + 15 m dari air terjun. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di 3 stasiun pengamatan Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang sebanyak 3 kali ulangan. Sampel serangga akuatik diambil menggunakan hand net berukuran 30 x 30 cm dan disimpan dalam botol sampel yang berisi alkohol 70%. Parameter lingkungan yang diambil berupa kelembaban relatif, suhu air, TDS (total dissolve solid), kecepatan arus, dan pH air. Sampel diidentifikasi menggunakan mikroskop stereo, buku identifikasi, dan Aplikasi Waterbug. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Indeks Keanekaragaman Shannon-Wienner, kelimpahan EPT, NMDS, dan Indeks BMWP-ASPT. Jumlah individu serangga akuatik lebih banyak ditemukan di air terjun Babakan Madang, namun keanekaragaman serangga akuatik lebih tinggi di air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak. Kelimpahan EPT didominasi oleh Famili Baetidae. NMDS Ordination menunjukkan persebaran famili di 6 stasiun pengamatan. Berdasarkan pengukuran Indeks BMWP-ASPT, Air terjun Gunung Halimun Salak dan Babakan Madang memiliki kualitas air tercemar sedang., The waterfalls of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang are very important water sources for the people of Bogor. Water quality in these places needs to be properly maintained through environmental monitoring using aquatic insect bioindicators. The orders EPT (Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera) are most commonly used as bioindicators because these insect groups are often found in clean waters and are very sensitive to changes in water physicochemical factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify and compare aquatic insect communities in several waterfalls of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang and determine water quality based on the aquatic insect community. The method used is purposive sampling on a 10 m long transect from the zero point around + 15 m from the waterfall. Sampling was carried out at 3 observation stations of Mount Halimun Salak and Babakan Madang with 3 replications. Aquatic insect samples were taken using a hand net measuring 30 x 30 cm and stored in a sample bottle containing 70% alcohol. Environmental parameters taken in the form of relative humidity, water temperature, TDS (total dissolve solid), current velocity, and water pH. Samples were identified using a stereo microscope, identification book, and the Waterbug Application. Data analysis was performed using the Shannon-Wienner Diversity Index, EPT abundance, NMDS, and BMWP-ASPT Index. The number of individual aquatic insects was more found in Babakan Madang waterfall, but the diversity of aquatic insects was higher in Mount Halimun Salak waterfall. The abundance of EPT is dominated by the Baetidae Family. NMDS Ordination shows the distribution of families in 6 observation stations. Based on the measurement of
Keyword: Aquatic insect, bioindicator, purposive sampling, waterfall, water quality

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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