Judul: Effectiveness of Tamarind Leaf Infusion (Tamarindus indica L.) as an Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Asam jawa merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki khasiat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, namun belum ada penelitian ilmiah mengenai aktivitas infusa daun asam jawa sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi infusa daun asam jawa yang efektif dalam memberikan efek antidiare pada mencit. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yang terdiri dari kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%]), kontrol positif (Loperamid HCl), dan tiga kelompok yang diberi perlakuan infusa daun asam jawa dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (25%, 50%, dan 100%). Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, waktu awal terjadinya diare, durasi, dan waktu penyembuhan diare. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ekstrak infusa daun asam jawa sebagai antidiare memiliki kemampuan menurunkan frekuensi defekasi, meningkatkan konsistensi feses, menunda terjadinya diare, dan memperlama waktu penyembuhan diare. Hasil uji fitokimia dari infusa daun asam jawa mengandung flavonoid, steroid, dan terpenoid. Semua kelompok ekstrak infusa daun asam jawa memberikan hasil yang efektif sebagai antidiare., Tamarind is an herbal plant that has properties to treat various diseases, but there has been no scientific research on the activity of tamarind leaf infusion as antidiarrheal. This study aims to determine the concentration of tamarind leaf infusion that is effective in providing antidiarrheal effects on mice. This study also aims to analyze the content of secondary metabolite compounds. This study used 30 mice divided into 5 groups consisting of negative control (Tween 80 [1%]), positive control (Loperamide HCl), and three groups treated with tamarind leaf infusion with graded concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%). The parameters used in the intestinal protection method were frequency of defecation, stool consistency, time of onset of diarrhea, duration, and healing time of diarrhea. The results obtained showed that tamarind leaf infusion extract as an antidiarrheal agent has the ability to reduce the frequency of defecation, increase stool consistency, delay the onset of diarrhea, and prolong the healing time of diarrhea. Phytochemical test results of tamarind leaf infusion contain flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids. All groups of tamarind leaf infusion extracts provide effective results as antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, daun asam jawa, infusa

Judul: Effectiveness of jintan putih (Cuminum  cyminum) infusion as antidiarrheal in mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Jintan putih merupakan tanaman yang sudah sejak lama dikonsumsi sebagai bahan masakan dan obat, namun belum terdapat penelitian terkait manfaat jintan putih sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas infusa jintan putih sebagai antidiare dan menentukan konsentrasi yang memiliki efek antidiare paling efektif. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder pada jintan putih melalui penapisan fitokimia. Pengujian antidiare dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode proteksi intestinal dengan pemberian sediaan secara peroral. Parameter yang diamati pada metode proteksi intestinal yaitu frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, dan durasi diare. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok terdiri dari kontrol negatif (Tween-80 [1%]), kontrol positif (Loperamide HCl), dan kelompok perlakuan infusa jintan putih konsentrasi 25, 50, dan 100%. Konsentrasi 25% merupakan konsentrasi yang paling efektif, karena menghasilkan durasi diare paling pendek. Penapisan fitokimia infusa jintan putih menunjukkan terdapat senyawa metabolit sekunder meliputi alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, tanin, dengan tanin sebagai senyawa yang paling berpotensi sebagai antidiare., White cumin is a plant that has long been consumed as a food and medicine ingredient however, there has been no research related to the benefits of white cumin as antidiarrheal. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of white cumin extract as antidiarrheal and determine the concentration that has the most effective antidiarrheal effect. This study also aims to determine the content of secondary metabolites in white cumin through phytochemical screening. Antidiarrheal testing was carried out using the intestinal protection method by administering the preparation orally. Parameters observed in the intestinal protection method are frequency of defecation, consistency of feces, and duration of diarrhea. This study used 30 mice divided into 5 groups consisting of a negative control (Tween-80 [1%]), positive control (Loperamide HCl), and treatment groups of white cumin infusion with concentrations of 25, 50, and 100%. The 25% concentration is the most effective concentration, because it produces the shortest duration of diarrhea. Phytochemical screening of white cumin infusion showed that there were secondary metabolite compounds including alkaloid, saponin, flavonoid, tannin, with tannin as the most potential antidiarrheal compound.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, proteksi intestinal, infusion, intestinal protection, jintan putih, penapisan fitokimia, antidiarrhea, phytochemical test

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm