Judul: Optimization of Zanthoxylum piperitum, Annona muricata, and Garcinia mangostana Simplicia Combination as Candidate Medicine for Anti Breast Cancer
Abstrak: Kanker payudara adalah salah satu jenis kanker yang paling umum penyebab utama kematian wanita diseluruh dunia. Buah andaliman, daun sirsak, dan kulit manggis merupakan tanaman tradisional yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi kombinasi simplisia buah andaliman, daun sirsak, dan kulit manggis dalam berbagai respon. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari preparasi dan ekstraksi, pengukuran total fenol, pengukuran total flavonoid, uji antioksidan dengan metode DPPH dan FRAP, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), dan uji antiproliferasi terhadap sel MCF-7 dan sel Vero serta uji karakterisasi dengan LC-MS. Analisis seluruh hasil penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan model Simplex Centroid Design dengan Design Expert. Nilai optimum titik optimasi diperoleh pada kombinasi simplisia kulit manggis dan daun sirsak. Hasil tertinggi yang akan diperoleh berdasarkan titik optimasi, yakni total fenolik sebesar 189.121 mg GAE/g, flavonoid 6.66 mg QUE/g, antioksidan dengan metode DPPH 42.05 µmol TE/g dan pada metode FRAP 24.89 µmol TE/g, antiproliferasi sel MCF-7 sebesar 51.351% dan antiproferasi sel Vero sebesar 99.439% pada konsentrasi 32 ppm. Hasil analisis LC-MS menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa senyawa yang kemungkinan berperan aktif sebagai agen antikanker yaitu Sanshool, 1,3,7-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-diisoprenylxanthone, Annonacin dan Piperine. Simpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa senyawa bioakif dari kombinasi buah andaliman, daun sirsak dan kulit manggis seluruhnya terbukti memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik dan kombinasi optimum terdapat pada kulit manggis dan daun sirsak., Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer, the leading cause of death for women worldwide. Zanthoxylum piperitum, Annona muricata, and Garcinia mangostana are traditional plants that have potential as anticancer. This study aims to optimize the combination of simplicia Zanthoxylum piperitum, Annona muricata, and Garcinia mangostana of many responses. This research method consisted of preparation and extraction, measurement of total phenol, measurement of total flavonoid, antioxidant test using DPPH and FRAP methods, Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and antiproliferative test on MCF-7 cells and Vero cells as well as characterization test with LC- MS. Analysis of the results of all studies was carried out based on the Simplex Centroid Design model with Design Expert. The optimum value of the optimization point was obtained from the combination of Annona muricata, and Garcinia mangostana simplicia. The highest results will be obtained based on the optimization point, namely a total phenolics of 189,121 mg GAE/g, flavonoids 6.66 mg QUE/g, antioxidants using the DPPH method 42.05 mol TE/g and in the FRAP method 24.89 mol TE/g, antiproliferation of MCF-7 cells of 51.351% at a concentration of 32 ppm and the antiproliferation of Vero cells was 99.439%. The results of the LC-MS analysis showed that there are several compounds that may play an active role as anti-cancer agents, namely Sanshool, 1,3,7-Trihydroxy-6-methoxy-4,5-diisoprenylxanthone, Annonacin and Piperine. The conclusion of this study showes that the bioactive compounds from the combination of andaliman fruit, soursop leaves and mangosteen rind were proven to have cytotoxic activity and the optimum combination is found in mangosteen rind and soursop leaves.
Keyword: Antioxidant, antiproliferative, flavonoid, LC-MS, phenolic

Judul: Compound Analysis of Phomopsis sp. Fraction from Soursop Leaves as Anticancer and Apoptotic Activity in Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7.
Abstrak: Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian yang memerlukan pilihan pengobatan lain dalam penyembuhannya yang memiliki efek samping lebih ringan. Pilihan pengobatan yang dapat dipilih adalah pengobatan herbal. Phomopsis sp. yang berasal dari daun sirsak telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kandungan metabolit fraksi Phomopsis yang berasal dari daun sirsak, aktivitas antiproliferasi, dan apoptosisnya terhadap MCF-7. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari pemisahan ekstrak Phomopsis sp. dengan metode kromatografi kolom, pengujian sitotoksisitas Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), pengujian antiproliferasi terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dan sel normal Vero, pengujian apoptosis, serta analisis kandungan dengan intrumen LC-MS/MS. Pemisahan dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan total 10 fraksi (F1-F10). F1 terpilih menjadi fraksi terbaik dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 2.33 μg/mL dengan metode BSLT. Aktivitas antiproliferasi sel MCF-7 dan sel vero dari F1 menghasilkan nilai IC50 sebesar 5.65 μg/mL dan 5.21 μg/mL secara berurutan. Aktivitas ini teramati melalui mekanisme apoptosis. Terdapat 38 total senyawa yang terkandung dalam F1. Diantara senyawa tersebut, cytosporone c, kynurenic acid, maraniol, (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, dan chalcone teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antikanker., Breast cancer is one of cause disease of death globally that need other option such as herbal medicine to decrease the side effect. Phomopsis sp. in soursop leaves have proven to have cytotoxicity against cancer cell MCF-7. This study aimed to analyze the metabolite content of Phomopsis sp. fraction, anticancer, also apoptotic activity against breast human cancer (MCF-7) and normal (Vero) cell lines. Phomopsis sp. was separated using column chromatography method. Collected fraction was carried out using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) were the lowest LC50 value was tested against MCF-7, Vero cell lines, and evaluated the apoptotic mechanism with acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AE) dye. Compound identified using Liquid Chromatograph-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Separation using column chromatography resulted in ten fractions (F1-F10). F1 was chosen as the best fraction with LC50 2.33 μg/mL with the BSLT method. F1 then resulted in the antiproliferation method of MCF-7 cell and Vero cell IC50 5.65 μg/mL and 5.21 μg/mL respectively that showed through apoptotic mechanism. A total of 38 active compounds were found in F1. Among the compounds identified, cytosporone c, kynurenic acid, maraniol, (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, and chalcone known as anticancer compounds.
Keyword: Anticancer, apoptosis, breast cancer, Phomopsis sp,, soursop leaves

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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