Judul: Mempelajari Aktivitas Air (Aw) Pindang: Isotermal Sorpsi Air Kalium Klorida (KCl) Pada Pindang IKan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forsk.)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informa- si tentang aktivitas air (Aw) dan kadar air pindang ikan bandeng yang dibuat dengan KCl sebagai humektan dan peng- ganti garam dapur. Metoda yang dipergunakan yakni penyetimbangan kadar air bahan dengan kelembaban relatip yang dihasilkan oleh larutan jenuh garam-garam tertentu. Sebagai dasar empiris dipergu- nakan model isotermal sorpsi air pindang ikan bandeng pada suhu 25 °C dan pemberian KCl 0%, 15%, serta 20%. Peneta- pan dilakukan sebanyak dua kali untuk masing-masing perlakuan, yaitu sampai terjadinya kesetimbangan untuk pindang yang langsung dilakukan penyetimbangan setelah proses pemindangan selesai, dan sampai terjadinya kesetimbangan untuk pindang yang disimpan dalam refrigerator selama menunggu terjadinya kesetimbangan untuk pindang yang langsung disetimbangkan kadar airnya.
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Judul: Mempelajari sifat dan pengaruh penambahan humektan terhadap isotermi sorpsi air ikan kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) 'presto'
Abstrak: Aktivitas air (aw) dalam bahan pangan akan mempengaruhi daya tahan bahan makanan terhadap serangan mikroba. Hubungan antara aw dengan kandungan air per gram suatu bahan makanan dapat digambarkan dalam suatu kurva hubungan yang dikenal dengan isotermi sorpsi air. Isotermi sorpsi air merupakan kurva yang sangat penting dalam mempelajari hubungan antara kadar air dan aw. Banyak pakar menyatakan kurva ini sangat sesuai untuk mempelajari sifat fisik air dalam bahan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan humektan terhadap isotermi sorpsi air ikan kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) *presto. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan yang bertujuan mencari konsentrasi NaCl dan jenis humektan yang akan digunakan, serta penelitian utama yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari pengaruh penambahan humektan terhadap isotermi sorpsi air ikan kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) presto'. Penentuan konsentrasi NaCl dilakukan dengan cara melakukan uji organoleptik perbandingan berpasangan antara ikan kembung 'presto' dengan ikan presto pasar. Selain itu dilakukan pengukuran konsentrasi garam ikan kembung presto. Sedangkan penentuan jenis humektan dilakukan dengan membandingkan kemampuan beberapa jenis humektan, yang terdiri dari gliserol, propilen glikol dan sorbitol, dalam menurunkan aktivitas air (aw) ikan kembung 'presto'. Penentuan isotermi sorpsi air ikan kembung 'presto' dilakukan dengan menyimpan sampel dalam desikator yang berisi larutan garam jenuh untuk menjaga kelembaban relatif setimbang lingkungan. Larutan-larutan garam jenuh tersebut...
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Judul: Development of Face Recognition Model using Bi-2DPCA and Support Vector Machine
Abstrak: The human face is always used in the application of access control systems, identity authentication systems, surveillance systems and security systems. Some researh on face recognition has been proposed with a variety of methods, such as Eigen Faces, Fisher’s Linear Discriminant, Bayesian Networks, Neural Networks,Hidden Markov Model, and so on. But all the above mentioned methods have limitations, such as dealing with the size of the image and lighting and learning time are too long. In a study to obtain an alternative method for face recognition, Le TH and Bui L (2011) conducted research model of face recognition with Two- DimensionalPrincipal Component Analysis (2DPCA) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) using AT&T face image data. The results of these studies that the accuracy of face recognition use 2DPCA and SVM was 97.3% and PCA-SVM was 95.2%. Then in 2010, Bi-2DPCA uses as alternative method of face recognition performed by Yang J et al. (2010). In a study comparing methods of Bi-2DPCA, 2DPCA and PCA. The conclusion that the use of Bi-2DPCA generating and computational accuracy was better than 2DPCA and PCA Based on research conducted by Le TH and Bui L (2011) and Yang J et al. (2010), conducted research for the development of models of face recognition using dimension reduction technique Bi-2DPCA and Support Vector Machine (SVM) as pattern recognition. 1DPCA and 2DPCA dimension reduction technique are used as comparison measure dimensions and computing time than using Bi-2DPCA technique. To help SVM in recognizing human faces, SVM use linear, polynomial and radial basis function (RBF) kernel function. When using RBF kernel, used for the RBF kernel, the parameter for sigma is 2-15 up to 23 and the value of C starting from 2-5 up to 214 which have been used in a study conducted by Le TH and Bui L (2011). Facial image data used are taken from the ORL Face Database AT&T Laboratory, which contain 40 faces, each face with 10 images, and total of image 400 pieces. Validation is done by Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross validation, so that for each pair of extraction and classifier method is 10 trials. One against all method used to help SVM in classifying the ORL face data consists of 40 classes, to reduce the computational time. From the results of tests on 36 models of face recognition , Bi-2DPCA85% with the help of a linear kernel generates the highest level of face recognition accuracy of 94.25 %, and the lowest accuracy rate of 24.50 % was obtained with 1DPCA-kernel polynomial ordo 3 . While the lowest computational time of 15.34 seconds when component is used by 85 % computation time and a maximum of 252.68 seconds when component is 95 %. There are several things that could be concluded that: pattern accuracy on each kernel feature extraction are the same. This means that there is no relationship between the feature extraction used by the kernel to the SVM. The second is, in this study SVM cannot classify large dimension data. From the results of tests on 36 models of face recognition, Bi2DPCA85% with the help
Keyword: Face Recognition, Principle Component Analysis, Kernel, Support Vector Machine, Leave-one Out Cross Validation