Judul: Viability of Garlic Seeds (Allium sativum L.) after Hot Water Treatment
Abstrak: Benih bawang putih yang sehat harus bebas nematoda. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari viabilitas benih siung bawang putih akibat perendaman air panas, sehingga diperoleh benih sehat yang bebas nematoda. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September-Desember 2021 di lahan masyarakat di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok faktorial 2 faktor, yaitu faktor suhu dan faktor lama perendaman. Taraf perlakuan suhu air panas adalah suhu ruang (27℃) sebagai kontrol, 50℃, 55℃, dan 60°C. Taraf perlakuan lama perendaman adalah pencelupan sesaat selama 3 detik sebagai kontrol, 20 menit, 25 menit, dan 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan suhu ruang dan 50℃ pada semua taraf lama perendaman dapat menghasilkan persentase yang tinggi pada tolok ukur benih segar dan potensi tumbuh maksimum. Perendaman air panas pada suhu ruang dan 50℃ menunjukkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan persentase daya tumbuh benih yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Benih siung bawang putih yang sehat diperoleh dari perlakuan air panas pada suhu 50℃ selama 20 menit sampai 30 menit., Healthy garlic seeds should be nematode-free. This research was conducted to study the viability of garlic clove seeds due to hot water immersion, to obtain healthy seeds free of nematodes. The research was carried out in September-December 2021 on community land in Depok City. This research was conducted in a factorial randomized block design with 2 factors, namely the temperature factor and the immersion time factor. The treatment level of hot water temperature is room temperature (27℃) as control, 50℃, 55℃, and 60°C. The treatment level of immersion time was immersion for 3 seconds as control, 20 minutes, 25 minutes, and 30 minutes. The results showed that the treatment at room temperature and 50℃ at all levels of immersion time could produce a high percentage of fresh seed benchmarks and maximum growth potential. Hot water immersion at room temperature and 50℃ showed higher plant height, number of leaves, and percentage of seed germination compared to other treatments. Healthy garlic clove seeds were obtained from hot water treatment at 50℃ for 20 minutes to 30 minutes.
Keyword: garlic, hot water, immersion, seeds, temperature

Judul: Application of Ultrafine Bubbles Water for Breaking Dormancy of Sangga Sembalun Garlic Seed (Allium sativum L.)
Abstrak: Kebutuhan bawang putih akan semakin meningkat seiring dengan pertambahan jumlah penduduk dari tahun ke tahun. Produksi dan luas lahan panen bawang putih meningkat namun dilihat dari produktivitas, produksi bawang putih mengalami penurunan dan memiliki nilai paling rendah dari tahun 2015 hingga 2019. Rendahnya produktivitas disebabkan oleh jumlah produksi yang tidak sebanding dengan luasan lahan taman. Salah satu penyebab rendahnya produksi tersebut diperngaruhi oleh adanya masa dormansi benih yang menghambat proses budidaya tahunan dari bawang putih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari air ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) terhadap waktu dormansi dan daya kecambah benih bawang putih (Allium sativum L.) varietas Sangga Sembalun dalam perlakuan pematahan dormansi. Benih bawang putih yang digunakan adalah varietas Sangga Sembalun dari daerah Gucci, Tegal dengan umur ± 120 hari. Perlakuan perendaman yang digunakan adalah tanpa perendaman, aquades, air UFBs dan UFBs20. Parameter yang diamati yaitu rasio panjang plumula dan daya berkecambah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan air UFBs dapat mematahkan dormansi bawang putih lebih cepat dari kondisi seharusnya, menjadi sekitar 1,5 bulan secara total dan 3 minggu sejak perlakuan. Waktu ini lebih cepat dibandingkan waktu normal dormansi yang berkisar 3-4 bulan. Uji Anova yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini memvalidasi bahwa perlakuan UFBs menunjukkan hasil berbeda dengan perlakuan kontrol., The demand for garlic is increasing along with the population number each year. Production and farm area for garlic also had a steady increase, but the productivity decreased steadily and reached lowest score from 2015 to 2019. Low productivity is influenced by a low number of yields compared to an area used for production. One of the factors causing low number of yields was long dormancy time that hinder the yearly cultivation of garlic. This research aimed to determine the effect of ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) water on dormancy time and germination of garlic (Allium sativum L.) in the treatment of breaking dormancy. The garlic seed that will be used for this research was Sangga Sembalun variety collected from Gucci, Tegal, 120 days old. The immersion treatment used was without immersion, distilled water, UFBs water and UFBs20. Parameters observed for this research were the ratio of plumule length and germination. The Result of this research shows that UFBs water shortens dormancy time compared to normal time, from 1.5 months (under normal circumstances) to 3 weeks (after the treatment). This time is faster than the normal period of dormancy which is around 3-4 months. ANOVA test that was conducted in this research validated that UFBs show different results than control.
Keyword: bawang putih, dormansi, ultrafine bubbles

Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
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