Judul: Welfare refinement model for fishermen through improvement of fishery business sector at the regency of rokan hilir, Riau Province.
Abstrak: Fishery sector has not significantly given a denotable economic contribution in improving fishermen’s welfare, as shown by fishermen’s poverty headcount index (PHI) of 0.32 which falls in “poor” category. This research was carried out to develop a welfare improvement model for fishermen based on both internal and external factors affecting the fishery sector in Regency of Rokan Hilir. The study was conducted by applying Structural Equation Model (SEM) method which considers some external and internal factors in fishery business, activities in fishery industry, capture fishery activities, aquaculture activities, fish processing activities, central government, regional government, and fishermen welfare factors. The research was conducted in four coastal sub-districts in the Regency of Rokan Hilir, Riau Province and data collection was carried out in an eight-month period, from July 2008 to February 2009. Two additional analysis were simultaneously carried out for this research, i.e. fishermen welfare analysis using welfare indicators established by the Indonesian Bureau of Statistic, financial performance analysis of fishery business that calculated conventional indicators, such as net present value (NPV), net benefit-cost ratio (NB/C), internal rate of return (IRR), return on investment (RoI), and payback period (PP). SEM analysis concluded that in overall the studied factors significantly affected fishermen welfare improvement in the area. Both capture and aquaculture activities significantly promote fishermen’s welfare as they involved more labors from local work forces. The national and local fisheries authorities indirectly affected the fishery industry through their regulation while the local authorities significantly promoted the expansion on some fisheries activities and fishermen’s welfare. The fishery businesses with payang, bubu, serok, jaring insang hanyut and handline are worth developing as indicated by satisfactory financial indicators, i.e. values of both NPV and NB/C > 0, IRR was greater than 8.65% (the interest rate of the time of data collection) and the ROI and PP were considerably shorter or faster. On the other hand, the fishery businesses with jaring insang lingkar, pukat udang and pukat pantai are not worth due to unsatisfactory performance, i.e. both NPV and NB/C < 0, and IRR was considerably lower than 8.65%) and the ROI and PP were longer or slower.
Keyword: Financial Performance Analysis, Rokan Hilir, Fishermen’s Welfare, Structural Equation Modeling, Riau

Judul: Matchmaking Projects with Communities: Analysing whether Livelihood Improvement Initiatives Meet the Needs and Constraints of Poor Fishers in West Sumatra
Abstrak: Despite a fast growing economy, many Indonesians still live in poverty or are vulnerable to falling into poverty. Fishing is an economic sector closely associated with poverty and there has been a range of initiatives aimed at improving livelihoods and reducing poverty amongst poor fishers. Concerns remain that these initiatives have failed to target the right people in the right way. In response to this concern, this research based in the province of West Sumatra uses interviews in 25 fishing communities, coupled with secondary data, to evaluate; 1) the sectors of the fishing industry that the poor operate in and what the relationship is between poverty and fishing, 2) the factors that enable or constrain their livelihoods and 3) whether livelihood improvement programs address these factors. The analysis highlights that poor fishers are growing in number and are mainly labourers, small boat owners and small-scale processors/traders. Poverty in fishing is not significantly correlated with fishing dependency but is significantly correlated with poverty in the agricultural sector. Fishing is a poor economic sector, but incidences of poverty are less when other economic sectors, for example the service and financial sector, are strong. Thirty one enabling and constraining factors were identified and grouped according to six asset categories. Interviews with 151 households from a variety of backgrounds in two fishing communities were analysed using multi-dimensional scaling. Vessel owners possess higher physical, financial and human capital than crew members but that there was no difference in the natural, social and institutional fields. Institutional support across all sectors scored poorly. Government programs tend to bridge the gap between crew members and owners by providing physical capital without necessarily addressing the underlying financial and human capital limitations that labourers face. The research concludes with an explanation of the main routes out of poverty for a poor fisher and recommendations and how future livelihood improvement programs can better address the needs and constraints of the poor.
Keyword: Poverty alleviation, Alternative livelihoods, Small-scale fisheries, Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS)

Judul: Grup Abelian Berhingga dari Barisan Genomik DNA  (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)
Abstrak: Informasi genetik yang memprogram semua aktivitas sel terdapat dalam bentuk kode di dalam molekul DNA. Grup kodon dari basa nukleotida DNA {A, C, G, U} tidak dapat merepresentasikan daerah non kode dalam genom yang disebabkan oleh mutasi penghapusan serta penyisipan pada barisan genomik DNA. Dalam karya ilmiah ini grup kodon diperluas dengan menambahkan huruf O untuk menandakan mutasi penghapusan atau penyisipan pada kodon untuk semua triplet diperluas 1 2 3 X X X dengan i X Î{O, A, C, G, U} dari barisan genomik DNA. Grup kodon yang diperluas isomorfik dengan grup bilangan bulat modulo 125. Grup abelian berhingga dari barisan genomik DNA yang dibentuk dari himpunan seluruh pasangan terurut triplet ekson dan intron pada untai DNA isomorfik dengan grup jumlah langsung bilangan bulat modulo 64 dan 125. Kemudian grup abelian berhingga tersebut direpresentasikan sebagai grup jumlah langsung 2-grup dan 5-grup homosiklik. Bagian barisan genomik DNA tanpa penyisipan membangun blok gen yang direpresentasikan oleh 2-grup homosiklik, sedangkan bagian barisan genomik DNA yang dipengaruhi oleh penyisipan direpresentasikan oleh 5-grup homosiklik.
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