Judul: Aplikasi Penduga Stein Untuk Memperbaiki Prediksi Regresi Komponen Utama
Abstrak: Masalah kolinieritas dalam regresi peubah ganda teljadi akibat tingginya korelasi di antara peubah bebas. Dengan adanya rnasalah ini, penggunaan Metode Kuadrat Terkecil (MKT) untuk menduga koefisien regres! menjadi tidak valid, karena salah satu a5umsi tidak dipenuhi. Salah satu metode alternatif yang cukup sering digunakan untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut adalah metode Regresi Komponen Utama (RKU). RKU dapat menghasilkan prediksi yang lebih buruk dari MKT jika jurnlah kornponen utarna pertarna yang digunakan tidak tepal. Hal tersebut dapat diatasi dengan rnengaplikasikan penduga Stein terhadap RKU.
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Judul: Analisis penerapan metode kuadrat terkecil dan regresi komponen utama dalam multikolinearitas
Abstrak: Masalah pendugaan parameter dalam analisis regresi linier berganda sering menjadi topik yang menarik dalam beberapa penelitian. Timbul masalah antara lain multikolinearitas diantara peubah-peubah bebas. Dengan MKT akan terlihat efeknya yaitu tingginya koefisien deterrninasi tidak diikuti dengan konsistensi hipotesis, tanda koefisien regresi setelah dimodelkan dan perubahan kesignifikan bila masing-masing dan bersama-sama dimasukkan dalam model. Keadaan ini akan mempengaruhi dalam penafsiran model regresi bila memerlukan kajian lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan kenyataan ini, dilakukan suatu kajian dengan berbagai jumlah data untuk mengetahui dan memberikan garnbaran kepada pengguna seberapa besar peluang perubahan tanda peubah bebas juga kesignifikan koefisien regresi sebagai efek dari penerapan MKT bila terjadi multikolinearitas diantara peubah bebas dan solusi penerapan regresi komponen utama. Kajian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan data simulasi.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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