Judul: Isolation and Characterization of Cellulolytic  Bacteria from Banana Peel Ecoenzymes
Abstrak: Selulosa merupakan komponen biomassa tumbuhan yang paling melimpah namun tidak mudah larut dalam air karena strukturnya yang kompleks. Penggunaan enzim selulase mampu menjadi kunci dalam degradasi bahan selulosa secara efisien dan efektif. Pemanfaatan ekoenzim dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi jumlah limbah rumah tangga yang biasanya didominasi oleh limbah organik. Ekoenzim merupakan cairan organik kompleks yang dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi bahan limbah buah segar, gula, dan air dengan perbandingan 3:1:10 setelah tiga bulan masa fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan melakukan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik yang berasal dari ekoenzim hasil fermentasi kulit buah pisang. Sembilan bakteri selulolitik berhasil diisolasi dan ditumbuhkan pada media CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) 1 % dari ekoenzim kulit buah pisang. Isolat CKM2 dan PS03 menjadi isolat terpilih karena didasarkan pada nilai indeks aktivitas selulolitik dan penapisan aktivitas enzim terbesar yang tidak menunjukkan hasil uji positif hemolisis. Isolat CKM2 memiliki aktivitas enzim spesifik tertinggi sebesar 0.908 U/mg pada jam ke-48 dengan aktivitas enzim optimum pada suhu 30 οC dan pH 7. Isolat PS03 memiliki aktivitas enzim spesifik tertinggi sebesar 1.184 U/mg pada jam ke-30 dengan aktivitas enzim optimum pada suhu 40 οC dan pH 5., Cellulose is the most abundant component of plant biomass, which is insoluble in water because of its complex structure. The use of cellulase enzymes can be the key to the efficient and effective degradation of cellulose materials. Utilization of ecoenzymes can reduce the amount of household waste which is usually dominated by organic waste. Ecoenzymes are complex organic liquids produced from the fermentation process of fresh fruit waste, sugar, and water in a ratio of 3:1:10 after three months of fermentation. This study aims to isolate and characterize cellulolytic bacteria derived from ecoenzymes fermented by banana peels. Nine cellulolytic bacteria were isolated and grown on 1 % selective CMC (Carboxymethyl Cellulose) medium from banana peel ecoenzyme. CKM2 and PS03 isolates were the selected isolates based on the cellulolytic activity index value and the largest enzyme activity screening which did not show a positive hemolysis test result. CKM2 isolate had the highest specific enzyme activity of 0.908 U/mg at the 48th hours with optimum enzyme activity at 30 οC and pH 7. Isolate PS03 had the highest specific enzyme activity of 1.184 U/mg at the 30th hours with optimum enzyme activity at 40 οC and pH 5.
Keyword: Banana peel, cellulose, cellulolytic index, fermentation, fruit waste

Judul: Karakterisasi Enzim Selulase dan Aplikasinya pada Substrat Limbah Pertanian
Abstrak: Cellulose is the most abundant plant cell walls. Lignocellulolytic are consist of cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Degradation of cellulose involves a complex interplay between different cellulolytic enzymes. Among others, it has been widely accepted that three types of cellulases including endoglucanases, exoglucanases and β-glucosidases act synergistically to convert cellulose to glucose. This study was aimed to characterized cellulase enzyme which produced by cellulolytic bacteria from soil and applied it on agricultural waste such as rice straw, corn cob and banana peel. Qualitative analysis have done on 9 isolates cellulolytic bacteria to know the highest cellulolytic index by using congo red 0.1%. From 9 isolates, 1 isolate have IS 1.75. Quantitative analysis showed isolate 6-2 has the highest cellulase activity of 0.005U/ml. Highest activity of cellulase enzyme from isolate 6-2 resulted on bufer pH 7 and 40oC. Cellulase activity of isolate 6-2 was stable for 75 minutes. Isolate 6-2 has relatively low cellulase activities in CMC as it has small enzyme activity in degrading substrates of agriculture waste. The cellulose enzyme activity on ricestraw resulted 0.007U/ml, corncob resulted 0.008U/ml, and bananapeel resulted 0.013U/ml. Isolate 6-2, gram positive bacteria can degrade cellulose by using cellulase enzyme. On the application cellulase enzyme activity on bananapeel was higher than the others.
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Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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