Judul: Enzymatic Deinking Of Pulp From Laser Print Paper
Abstrak: The objective of this research is to evaluate the physical and chemical properties of pulp from waste laser print paper. The waste paper was pretreated with 1 % lipase (based on oven-dried pulp) for repulping. After repulping, pulp slurry was floated at two conditions : alkaline flotation and acidic flotation. The result of the research shows that brightness increased in the added lipase, reach the maximum brightness after flotation by increased ash content. Residual ink area and particle size distribution decreased in the lipase addition. Furthermore, they can increase deinkability factor. The enzymatic deinking can change cellulose structure with the formation of carboxyl groups and increasing index of crystallinity. The Water Retention Value (WRV) with centrifuge method at 3000 G, increased in the added lipase with existence of carboxyl groups. Lipase and acidic treatment can increase the viscosity of pulp. Enzymatic treatment can increase strength properties of deinked pulp.
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Judul: Penghilangan tinta (deinking) kertas bekas dengan sistem flotasi pada berbagai laju alir udara dan konsentrasi bahan kolektor tinta
Abstrak: Peningkatan kebutuhan kertas terbentur pada masalah keterbatasan bahan baku pulp kayu. Sebagai usaha untuk mengatasi hal tersebut kertas bekas dapat dijadikan serat sekunder sebagai bahan baku dalam pembuatan kertas melalui proses daur ulang. Jenis kertas bekas yang cukup potensial sebagai sumber serat sekunder adalah kertas surat kabar dan ledger putih. Proses daur ulang kertas bekas harus mampu menghilangkan kontaminan utama, yaitu tinta cetak. Salah satu proses penghilangan tinta yang sering dilakukan adalah sistem flotasi (pengapungan). Parameter proses flotasi yang berpengaruh terhadap efisiensi proses deinking dianta- ranya adalah laju alir udara dan konsentrasi bahan kolektor tinta. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi bahan ko- lektor tinta dan laju alir udara pada proses penghilangan tinta dengan sistem flotasi serta untuk memperoleh pulp serat sekunder dengan derajat putih tinggi dan luas noda yang rendah. Metode penelitian terdiri dari dua tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan untuk mengetahui spesifikasi bahan baku kertas bekas dan menentukan kondisi proses flotasi. Penelitian utama terdiri dari dua tahap proses, yaitu repulping dan flotasi (pengapungan) tinta. ...
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Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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