Judul: Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Daerah Penyangga Berbasis Kearifan Lokal (Studi Kasus di Dusun Senaru, Daerah Penyangga Taman Nasional Gunung Rinjani-Nusa Tenggara Barat)
Abstrak: New paradigm of conservation requires the national park to conduct collaborative management. National park management must involve the communities surrounding, including communities in the buffer zone. Thus, the national park management objectives in addition to conserve this area should also include the community welfare purposes (economic, social, cultural). Senaru is one of the main entrance to the area of Mount Rinjani National Park. As a community, who have been living together for a long time, Senaru community have a unique social and cultural values which upheld by its members. These values will appear in the practices of community life regulate relationships between people including the interaction between man and environment, especially the area of Mount Rinjani. To achieve the collaborative management of national parks, then the socio-culture of the community needs to be studied and assess whether or not wise that traditional practices. This research was conducted to identify traditional practices that apply and formal rules (external) which applied on the community, to assess the wisdom and seek alternative solutions empowerment of communities around the national park which based on indigenous knowledge. Research conducted during April-May 2007. Research done by qualitative with in-depth interview methods, field observations and equipped with a literature study. The data then analyzed through a reduction stage, presentation and data inference. The results showed that traditional practices are particularly applicable wass distribution pattern of land into hutan tutupan desa and gawah, prohibitions cut without permission from melokaq, tereng kedengcor, memorial to nature, collecting forest products (wood, rattan, reeds, bamboo) only for the customary. The formal rules that apply were the community must maintain a traditional village form (Perda. No. 9 of 1989), certification of land (SK Kepala desa No. 208/02/Pem.I/2006),termination of new land clearing for plantations and fields (SK Kepala Desa No. 101/10/pem.I/2005), and culturally specific utilization zone (SK 99/IV/Set-3/2005). The forms of indigenous knowledge that recommended as the basis for community empowerment of Senaru were patterns of land distribution, the technique of collecting forest products and technique of community gardening and farming communities. Empowerment approach in accordance with the community indigenous knowledge were community income through improved farming techniques and gardening and community involvement in national park protection efforts.
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Judul: Pengetahuan masyarakat tentang konservasi sumberdaya hutan: studi kasus pada masyarakat Desa Cipeuteuy, Kecamatan Kabandungan, Kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Sukabumi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Halimun Salak Mountain National Park in accordance with the Decree of Ministry of Forestry No. 282/Kpts-II/1992 covering area of 40.000 ha. TNGH area was enlarged on 2003 become Halimun Salak Mountain National Park (TNGHS) according to the Decree of Ministry of Forestry No. 175/Kpts-II/2003. The extension of TNGHS area changed the status of production forest become one entity of Halimun Salak Mountain National Park area with total area as 113.357 ha. The focus of this research is community knowledge of conservation that realized in prohibition contained in the community and the influence to the utilization activities of community such as agricultural cultivation, tree felling, firewood collecting, and grass taking. Those community activities are conducted in order to meet the economic needs of community. In the other hand, the area status as a national park restricts the community access in conducting those activities because it’s considered can damage the forest. Therefore, it needs to review more deeply the community knowledge about forest resources conservation. This research was conducted by using case study method. Respondent consist of community leader and community members living in five hamlets of Cipeuteuy village that directly or indirectly involve in managing the National Park. It was conducted in five hamlets on one village. The data from field observation and deep interview with communities was classified and analyzed. The result is shown as narrative text and figure, and explained descriptively. This research result shown that Cipeuteuy communities have rules on interacting with forest including prohibitions. The rules arose as a result of learning process on community and socialization of regulation by National Park thus the regulation was gradually adopted in the rules of Cipeuteuy communities. In addition, Cipeuteuy communities’ still conduct utilization activity in National Park area such as agricultural cultivation, logging, collecting fuel wood and collecting the grass for animals feed. Generally, the communities try to avoid utilization that has been prohibited by National Park according to existing regulation or statue, but because of they do not have substitute, the community still continue the activities while trying to minimize the forest damage.
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum