Judul: Kajian Antidiabetogenik Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) In Vitro
Abstrak: Pola hidup masyarakat yang tidak sehat menyebabkan masuknya senyawasenyawa xenobiotik ke dalam tubuh sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya berbagai penyakit. Senyawa-senyawa xenobiotik tersebut dapat berupa logam berat atau senyawa radikal bebas. Salah satu penyakit tersebut adalah diabetes mellitus yang terjadi akibat beberapa proses xenobiotik yang merusak sel beta pankreas sehingga menyebabkan terganggunya proses metabolisme. Karakteristik diabetes mellitus adalah terjadinya hiperglikemia, yaitu tingginya kadar glukosa di dalam darah akibat kurangnya sekresi insulin, menurunnya aktivitas insulin, atau keduanya. Indonesia menempati urutan ke empat di dunia dalam jumlah penderita diabetes mellitus. Oleh karena itu, diabetes mellitus merupakan suatu penyakit yang sangat serius bagi masyarakat Indonesia.
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Judul: Potensi rebusan daun sirih merah, Piper crocatum terhadap perbaikan pankreas tikus putih hoperglikemia
Abstrak: Sirih merah (Piper crocatum) merupakan salah satu tanaman yang dapat mengobati berbagai macam penyakit, salah satunya yaitu diabetes melitus (DM). Namun penelitian secara ilmiah tentang sirih merah sejauh ini belum pernah dilakukan. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pengamatan terhadap perbaikan pankr eas tikus putih hiperglikemia yang diberi rebusan daun sirih merah dan analisis proksimat daun sirih merah. Analisis histopatologi pankreas, hewan coba dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan, masing-masing kelompok terdiri atas 2 ekor. Keenam kelompok tersebut adalah kontrol normal (akuades + NaCl 0,9%), kontrol positif (aloksan + akuades), kelompok pembanding (aloksan + daonil dosis 3,22 mg/kgBB) dan tiga kelompok contoh {diinduksi aloksan dan dicekok antihiperglikemik rebusan sirih merah dengan dosis 0,322 g/kg BB (100 x dosis daonil), 3,22 g/kg BB (1000 x dosis daonil), dan 20 g/kg BB}. Metode histopatologi pankreas dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Haematoxylin Eosin (HE) dan diamati dibawah mikroskop cahaya. Analisis proksimat daun sirih merah meliputi penetapa n kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan kadar karbohidrat.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm