Judul: Preparasi Antigen Virus Newcastle Disease untuk Reagen Uji Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi
Abstrak: Preparasi antigen Newcastle Disease (ND) secara mandiri dapat dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan reagen uji pada laboratorium privat dengan biaya yang lebih ekonomis. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan preparasi antigen ND yang sebanding dengan antigen ND komersial untuk digunakan sebagai reagen uji hemaglutinasi inhibisi (HI). Preparasi antigen ND menggunakan buffer neutral formalin (BNF) sebagai bahan penginaktivasi virus dan gliserin sebagai bahan pengawet. Validasi antigen dilakukan dengan melakukan uji HI terhadap 22 sampel serum darah ayam menggunakan antigen ND mandiri dan antigen ND komersial Pusat Veteriner Farma (Pusvetma) secara paralel. Data titer antibodi dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variant (ANOVA), uji sensitivitas (Se), uji spesifisitas (Sp), dan uji Kappa (K). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa rataan titer antibodi HI menggunakan antigen ND mandiri dan antigen ND komersial Pusvetma tidak berbeda nyata (p>0.05), nilai Se 100%, nilai Sp 100%, serta nilai K mencapai 1. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa preparasi antigen ND yang telah dilakukan menghasilkan antigen ND yang sebanding dengan antigen ND komersial Pusvetma, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai reagen pada uji HI., Newcastle Disease (ND) antigen can be prepared autonomously for private laboratories to be more economical. This study aims to prepare ND antigen which is comparable to the commercial ND antigen as a reagent for the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test. ND antigen preparation used buffered neutral formalin (BNF) as a virus inactivating agent and glycerol as a preservative. Antigen validation was carried out by conducting an HI test on 22 chicken blood serum samples using the self-made ND antigen and the commercial Pusat Veteriner Farma (Pusvetma) ND antigen in parallel. Antibody titer data were analyzed using ANOVA, sensitivity test (Se), specificity test (Sp), and Kappa test (K). The results of data analysis showed that the average HI antibody titer using the self-made ND antigen and commercial Pusvetma ND antigen has no significant difference (p>0.05), the Se and Sp values were 100%, and the K value reached 1. The results of the study indicated that ND antigen preparation using this method produced ND antigen which is comparable to the commercial ND antigen (Pusvetma), so it can be used as a reagent in the HI test.
Keyword: antigen, hemaglutinasi inhibisi, Newcastle Disease, preparasi, reagen

Judul: Preparation of Avian Influenza (H5N1) Clade 2.1.3 Antigen as a Reagent for Hemagglutination Inhibition Test
Abstrak: Avian Influenza (AI) merupakan salah satu penyakit unggas yang endemik di Indonesia. Program vaksinasi AI telah dilakukan sejak tahun 2004 dan monitoring hasil vaksinasi umumnya dilakukan dengan mengevaluasi titer antibodi AI yang ditentukan dengan uji Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi (HI). Uji HI memerlukan antigen AI yang umumnya diperoleh secara komersial dari PUSVETMA. Namun untuk keperluan uji HI pada laboratorium privat, antigen AI dapat dipreparasi secara mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan preparasi antigen AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 sebagai reagen untuk uji HI. Preparasi antigen AI dilakukan dengan perbanyakan virus pada telur ayam berembrio (TAB), kemudian virus AI diinaktivasi dengan buffer-neutral-formalin (BNF) 10% v/v, diendapkan dengan 10% PEG-6000 dan dipreservasi dengan gliserin. Validasi antigen AI mandiri dilakukan dengan melakukan uji HI terhadap 20 sampel serum ayam menggunakan antigen AI mandiri dan antigen AI PUSVETMA secara paralel. Hasil pengujian dianalisa dengan ANOVA, uji sensitivitas (Se), uji spesifisitas (Sp) dan uji Kappa (K). Hasil analisa data menunjukkan bahwa rataan titer antibodi HI menggunakan antigen AI mandiri dan PUSVETMA tidak ada perbedaan nyata (p<0.05), nilai Se dan Sp 100% serta nilai K mencapai 1. Hasil penelitian mengindikasikan bahwa preparasi antigen AI dengan metode di atas menghasilkan antigen AI yang sebanding dengan antigen AI komersial PUSVETMA Surabaya, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai reagen pada uji HI., Avian Influenza (AI) is a poultry disease that is endemic in Indonesia. Avian Influenza vaccination programme has been carried out since 2004 and vaccination monitoring is generally carried out by evaluating the AI antibody titer which is determined by the Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) test. The HI test requires AI antigen which is generally obtained commercially from PUSVETMA. However, for HI testing purposes in private laboratories, AI antigen can be prepared automonously. This study aims to prepare avian influenza antigen as a reagent for the HI test. Antigen preparation was carried out by multiplying the virus in embryonated chicken eggs (TAB), then the AI virus was inactivated with buffered neutral-formalin (BNF) 10% v/v, precipitated with 10% PEG-6000 and preserved with glycerin. Validation of the independent AI antigen was carried out by conducting an HI test on 20 chicken serum samples using the independent and PUSVETMA AI antigen in parallel. The HI results were analyzed using ANOVA, sensitivity test (Se), specificity test (Sp) and Kappa test (K). The results of our study show that the geometric-mean-titer of antibody using independent and PUSVETMA AI antigen has no significant difference (p<0.05), the Se and Sp values are 100% and the K value reaches 1. The results indicating that AI antigen preparation using the above method produces AI antigen which is comparable to the commercial AI antigen PUSVETMA Surabaya, so it can be used as a reagent in the HI test for private use.
Keyword: Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi, H5N1, Preparasi Antigen, Hemagglutination Inhibition, Antigen Preparation

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology