Judul: Protected Protein Supplement Based on RUP for Enhanced Productivity of Etawah Crossbreed Dairy Goats
Abstrak: Kambing perah laktasi dengan produksi susu tinggi membutuhkan protein dalam jumlah tinggi untuk menghasilkan performa yang optimal. Suplemen protein terproteksi memiliki kandungan rumen undegradable protein (RUP), sehingga dapat menyuplai protein untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kambing perah produksi tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi suplemen protein terproteksi terhadap produktivitas kambing perah Peranakan Etawah. Penelitian ini menggunakan 16 ekor kambing perah Peranakan Etawah dengan raatan produk susu sebesar 0,94 ± 0,38 L dan rataan bobot badan sebesar 46,80 ± 7,50 kg. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan empat perlakuan dan empat kelompok. Ransum perlakuan terdiri atas empat ransum, yaitu R0 = ransum dengan kandungan 0% suplemen protein terproteksi sebagai kontrol, R1 = R0 + 5% suplemen protein terproteksi, R2 = R0 + 10% suplemen protein terproteksi, R3 = R0 + 15% suplemen protein terproteksi. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan jika terdapat hasil berbeda signifikan dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ransum perlakuan R1–R3 berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap peningkatan konsumsi pakan, produksi susu, produksi komponen susu, urea susu, urea darah, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata (p>0,05) terhadap kualitas susu, berat jenis susu, asam lemak susu, heamtologi darah, glukosa darah, trigliserida, dan aspek ekonomi. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan 5% suplemen protein terproteksi dapat meningkatkan produktivitas kambing perah Peranakan Etawah, tanpa menurukan kualitas susu dan mengganggu kesehatan ternak., High-lactating dairy goats require a substantial amount of protein. Protected protein supplements could provide a significant quantity of rumen undegradable protein (RUP), ensuring an adequate protein supply for high-lactating dairy goats. This research aims to evaluate the impact of protected protein supplements on the productivity of Etawah Crossbreed dairy goats. The study involved 16 Etawah Crossbreed lactating goats with an average milk production of 0.94 ± 0.38 L and an average body weight of 46.80 ± 7.50 kg. This study used a Randomized Block Design of four treatments and four replications. The treatment ration consisted of four rations: R0 = a ration with 0% protected protein supplement content as control, R1 = R0 + 5% protected protein supplement, R2 = R0 + 10% protected protein supplement, R3 = R0 + 15% protected protein supplement. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and further tests with the Duncan test. The results showed that the R1–R3 treatment significantly (p<0.05) influenced the increase in feed intake, milk production, milk component production, milk urea, and blood urea. However, no significant effect (p>0.05) was observed on milk quality, milk density, milk fatty acids, blood haematology, blood glucose, triglycerides, or economic factors. It can be concluded that the addition of a 5% protected protein supplement can improve the productivity of Etawah Crossbreed dairy goats without compromising milk quality and animal health.
Keyword: Kambing perah, Peranakan Etawah, Perlakuan pemanasan, Proteksi protein, RUP, Dairy goat, Etawah Crossbreed, Heat treatment, Protected protein

Judul: Produktivitas Kambing Peranakan Etawah Jantan dan Betina dengan Pemberian Ransum Grower Komplit Tinggi Energi dan Protein
Abstrak: Etawah goats in growing phase require a complete and balance nutrition for growth and preparation for reproduction phase, especially energy and protein. This research aimed to compare the productivity of Etawah growing kids fed with high energy and proteins complete rations based on NRC (2006). This research used 4 male and 4 female goats at 4 months age with initial body weight of 11.38±3.15 kg and 12.13±2.70 kg, respectively the data were analyzed with TTest with 2 treatments (male and female) and 4 groups. Concentrate and forages ratio was 90% and 10% from total feed. Parameters in this research were dry matter intake, body weight gain, protein efficiency ratio, and feed conversion ratio. Statistical analysis showed that no significant results for dry matter intakes (g day- 1), but body weight gain (g day-1), feed conversion ratio and protein efficiency ratio of male goats was significantly (P<0.05) better than female group. These results indicated that consumption and body weight gain were in line with NRC (2006) recomendation so as to the implementation in Indonesia needs to be further investigated.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), performance, high energy protein rations, feed conversion, etawah growing kids

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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