Judul: Morfometri dan Kompetisi Interspesifik Antara Pecuk Hitam (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) dan Pecuk Kecil (Phalacrocorax niger) di Koloni Utara dan Barat Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut
Abstrak: Kedua pecuk ini memiliki morfologi yang hampir sama dan selalu terbang secara bersama-sama membentuk suatu kelompok, sehingga keduanya sangat sulit sekali untuk dibedakan 13 ekor pecuk hitam dan 7 ekor pecuk kecil dipilih untuk mempelajari morfometri dari kedua spesies. Habitat tempat bersarang dipilih dimana keduanya ditemukan bersarang secara bersamaan dan dibutuhkan waktu 265 jam untuk mengamati perilaku kedua spesies untuk melihat persaingan bersarang dan kompetisi interspesifik.
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Judul: Strategi Berbiak Burung Pecuk Padi Hitam (Phalacrocorax sulcirostris) di Suaka Marga Satwa Pulau Rambut Teluk Jakarta
Abstrak: sulcimstris) berhgsung dari bulan Januari tahun 2002 sampai dengan bulan Juni 2003 di Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut Teluk Jakarta. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan strategi berbiak burung pecuk padi hitam dengan cara menganalisis keberhasilan berbiak, kadar organoklorin, bahan sarang dan cara membuat sarang serta lokasi bersarang, tipe terbang dan jenis pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan berbiak yaitu persentase an& lepas sarang sangat rend& akibat pemangsaan. Kadar orpoklorin pada pakan dan telur sangat rendah dan tidak ditemukan telur yang pecah akibat penipisan kerabang. Bahan sarang terdiri atas bahan alarni dan non-alami dan pecuk padi hitarn mengikatkan sarang pada ranting pendukung sarang dengan menggunakan tali. Bentuk dan tekstur bahan sarang terdiri atas bahan kaky lentur dan lembut. Man m g berasal dari pohon, lantai hutan, pantai, sarang bekas, tumbuhan di dasar laut, bahan terapung yang berasal dari pulau Jawa serta aktivitas nelayan di sekitar Suaka Margasatwa Pulau Rambut. Disamping itu mereka juga mengumpulkan bahan sarang dengan cara mencuri dari sarang lain, mencuri bahan sarang yang sedang dibawa krbang oleh bawang pucuk padi hitam lain serta mencuri dari pucuk padi hitam yang sedang mengapung di air sambil menjepit bahan sarang di paruhnya.
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Judul: Development of vegetable oil-based zincdifattyalkyldithiocarbamate lubricant additive production process
Abstrak: Dithiocarbamate is an organosulfur compound which has many functions and applications in the various industries. In the field of automotive and metal working, these compounds are used as additives lubricants, in agriculture as pesticides, in pharmaceuticals as an antioxidant. In this study, we synthesized Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates compounds using materials which were derived from vegetable oil. Furthermore, performance test of the synthesized product as antioxidant and antiwear-antifriction in lubrication system was carried out. Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes were synthesized by reacting primary fatty amines with acyl chlorides formed secondary fatty amides, continued with reducing the corresponding product to secondary fatty amines using LiAlH4, and finally secondary fatty amines were reacting with ZnCl2 and CS2, to formed Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates. Each corresponding of product were successfully synthesized with range of yield were 10 to 87, 17 to 96, and 77 to 87% respectively. The synthesis of primary fatty amines to secondary fatty amides, secondary fatty amides to secondary fatty amines, and secondary fatty amines to Zincdifattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes were evaluated from fourier transformation infra red (FTIR) spectrum quality with the wave number of 3300 cm-1 for NH vibration, 1639 cm-1 for C=O vibration, 1454 cm-1 for tioureida C-N vibration, 968 cm-1 for C-S vibration, and in the far infra-red area with the wave number of 387 cm-1 that showed the maximum absorption of M-S bond (sulfur metal). Besides using the FTIR spectrum, Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes formation were also evaluated by Zinc-recovery test using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and conformity purity test using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All variants of Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates synthesized were done using rancimat test method and four ball test method to determine the antioxidant activity and antiwear-antifriction activity. At the same concentration of 125 ppm, all variants of product showed the antioxidant activity higher than the BHA, BHT, and commercial additives control. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained by three variants of the Zinc-bis(dilauryl)dithiocarbamate, Zincbis( laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate, and Zinc-bis(laurylstearyl)dithiocarbamate. At the same concentration of 1.2%, all variants of product showed the welding point higher than the lube base oil HVI 60 as base lubricants, and US Steel 136 as extreme pressure standard additive, but only Zincbis( laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate and Zinc-bis(lauryloleyl)dithiocarbamate showed load wear index higher than both of these base lubricants and standard. Zinc-bis(laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate was the best of antioxidant and antiwearantifriction additive compared to others homologous compounds of product. Conversion of crude palm oil to palmityc acid, palmytic acid to hexadecylamine, and hexadecylamine to Zinc-bis(laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate additive can increase the value of the product. With assumption, the cost of raw material as Rp.8.520,-/kg and the product value Rp.1.210.000,-/kg, therefore industry will able to generate added value with Rp.8.135,-/kg, and Rp.6.290,-/kg of company profit.
Keyword: fattyamines, fattyamides, Zn-difattyalkildihtiocarbamates, antioxidant, antiwear-antifriction, added value, Vegetable Oil