Judul: Immunomodulatory Activity of Javanese Ginseng Infusion (Talinum paniculatum) in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Ginseng jawa merupakan tanaman herbal yang diketahui mengandung senyawa aktif yang berpotensi sebagai imunomodulator. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kemampuan infusa ginseng jawa sebagai imunomodulator berdasarkan aktivitas dan indeks fagositosis makrofag peritoneal mencit serta menentukan dosis yang paling efektif sebagai imunomodulator. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit galur DDY jantan yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (air mineral), kontrol positif (sediaan imunomodulator komersial), infusa ginseng jawa (IGJ) dosis 33 mg/kg BB, 66 mg/kg BB, dan 200 mg/kg BB. Pemberian infusa ginseng jawa dilakukan satu kali sehari selama 14 hari secara peroral dengan mikropipet. Mencit diinduksi dengan Staphylococcus aureus nonpatogen (108 CFU/ml) pada hari ke-15 secara intraperitoneal sebelum dilakukan koleksi cairan peritoneal. Cairan peritoneal lalu dibuat preparat ulas dan dilakukan pengamatan terhadap jumlah makrofag aktif dan S. aureus yang terfagositosis. Selanjutnya aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks fagositosis makrofag dihitung. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks fagositosis pada seluruh kelompok yang diberikan IGJ berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol. Aktivitas dan indeks fagositosis tertinggi ditemukan pada kelompok IGJ 200 mg/kg BB dengan nilai berturut-turut 74,83%±2,32% dan 3,07±0,05., Javanese ginseng is an herbal plant known to contain active compounds that can potentially act as immunomodulators. This study aims to identify the ability of javanese ginseng infusion as an immunomodulator based on the activity and phagocytosis index of mice peritoneal macrophages and to determine the most effective dose as an immunomodulator. This study used 30 male DDY mice, divided into 5 groups: negative control (mineral water), positive control (commercial immunomodulator), javanese ginseng infusion (JGI) 33 mg/kg BW, 66 mg/kg BW, and 200 mg/kg BW. Javanese ginseng infusion was administered orally once a day for 14 days using a micropipette. Mice were induced with nonpathogenic Staphylococcus aureus 108 CFU/ml on day 15 intraperitoneally before collecting peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal fluid was then prepared and the number of active macrophages and phagocytosed S. aureus were observed. Furthermore, the phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis index of macrophages were calculated. The results showed that the phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis index in all groups given javanese ginseng infusion were significantly different (p<0,05) compared to the control group. The highest phagocytosis activity and index were found in the IGJ 200 mg/kg BW group, with values of 74.83±2.32% and 3.07±0.05.
Keyword: aktivitas fagositosis, ginseng jawa, imunomodulator, indeks fagositosis, makrofag

Judul: Activity of Lemon (Citrus limon) Extract as Immunomodulator on Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Lemon contains many compounds that have potential to act as immunomodulator. This study used 30 male DDY mice which were divided into 5 groups, consisting negative control (distilled water), positive control (Echinacea purpurea extract), 25% lemon extract dose of 1 g/kg BW, 3 g/kg BW, and 5 g/kg BW. Lemon extract was administered orally once a day with a micropipette for 14 days in a row. Mice were induced with non- pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus on day 15 intraperitoneally before taking peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal fluid was then made into smear preparations and observed for the number of active macrophages and Staphylococcus aureus in the active macrophages. Then the phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis index of macrophages were calculated. The results showed that 25% lemon extract has effect as immunomodulator in the form of phagocytic activity and index on mice. The highest phagocytic activity and index were found in the lemon 1 g/kg BW group., Lemon mengandung banyak senyawa yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas imunomodulator. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit DDY jantan yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol positif (Ekstrak Echinacea purpurea), ekstrak lemon 25% dosis 1 g/kg BB, 3 g/kg BB, dan 5 g/kg BB. Ekstrak lemon diberikan secara oral sekali sehari dengan mikropipet selama 14 hari. Mencit diinduksi dengan Staphylococcus aureus nonpatogen pada hari ke-15 secara intraperitoneal sebelum koleksi cairan peritoneal. Cairan peritoneum kemudian dibuat preparat apusan dan diamati jumlah makrofag aktif dan Staphylococcus aureus pada makrofag aktif. Kemudian aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks fagositosis makrofag dihitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak lemon 25% memiliki efek sebagai imunomodulator berupa aktivitas fagositik dan indeks pada mencit. Aktivitas dan indeks fagositik tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok lemon 1 g/kg BB
Keyword: immunomodulator, lemon extract, macrophages, phagocytosis activity, phagocytosis index, aktivitas fagositosis, ekstrak lemon, imunomodulator, indeks fagositosis, makrofag

Judul: Penyelesaian Stacker Crane Problem dengan Algoritme Largearcs dan Smallarcs
Abstrak: In graph theory, the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) aims to determine the shortest route with minimum cost, in which only certain edges or arcs are necessarily traversed. One type of RPP is Stacker Crane Problem (SCP) which deals with a mixed graph but only arcs are necessarily traversed. SCP can be solved by using two heuristic algorithms, i.e. Largearcs and Smallarcs algorithms, which include other algorithms in their steps, such as: Dijkstra algorithm to determine shortest route, Hungaria method to determine minimum bipartite matching, Prim algorithm to determine minimum spanning tree, and van Aardenne-Ehrenfest & de-Bruijn algorithm and Fleury algorithm to determine Euler circuits. The shortest Euler circuit resulted from two heuristic algorithms can be used to find a solution of SCP. The application of SCP is illustrated in establishing the minimum distance route of catering delivery.
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