Judul: Sintesis Nanoselulosa dari Tongkol Jagung dengan Perlakuan Hidrolisis Kimia dan Homogenisasi
Abstrak: Corn cobs has a high potency to be used as a source of raw materials for nanocellulose synthesis.The objective of this research is to synthesize nanocellulose from corn cobs with chemical hydrolysis and homogenization treatment. Alkali treatment,bleaching treatment, acid treatment and homogenization treatment on the corn cobs are effective in the depolymerization and defibrillation of the fibre to produce nanocellulose. This research consists of four main steps those are pre-elliminary research, chemical analysis, synthesize nanocellulose, and final product characterization.Parameters thatwillbe tested aretheconcentration ofNaOH(2%, 4%, and 8%), and the time ofhomogenization (2 hours, 3 hours, and 4 hours). The results show that the concentration of NaOH affect the level of cellulose and lignin final product.The bestconcentration ofNaOH needed to isolatecelluloseis 2%. Futhermore, the concentration of NaOH also affected the color and suspension of the final product. Final product with 8% NaOH treatment had the brightest color and the most stable suspension, while the homogenization time did not affect the colorand can not be seen the effect to the suspension formation of the final product . ScanningElectronMicrocope(SEM) results showed thatthechemical hydrolysis and mechanical treatmenthad successfully isolated thecelluloseandits sizehad reachedbelow 100nm, but stillin small amounts. Cellulose that was observed withSEM had an averagesize of80-270nmdiameter.
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Judul: Synthesis of Nanocellulose from Solid Waste of Agar Processing using Acid Hydrolysis
Abstrak: Rumput laut dapat diolah menjadi agar-agar. Pengolahan tersebut menghasilkan suatu limbah. Limbah padat hasil dari pengolahan agar-agar dapat disintesis menjadi nanoselulsosa, yang nantinya dapat diaplikasikan dalam berbagai bidang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memproduksi dan mengkarakterisasi nanoselulosa dari limbah padat pengolahan agar-agar. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari preparasi bahan baku, proses ekstraksi dan bleaching, serta sintesis nanoselulosa. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan NaOH 10%, sedangkan bleaching dilakukan menggunakan H2O2 3%. Tahap sintesis nanoselulosa meliputi proses hidrolisis asam, homogenisasi, sonikasi, sentrifugasi, dan pengeringan. Proses hidrolisis dibagi menjadi dua perlakuan yaitu H2SO4 40% pada suhu 40 °C selama 40 menit dan HCl 9,27% pada suhu 80 °C selama 120 menit. Rendemen ekstrak selulosa yang diperoleh yaitu sebanyak 58,83%, sedangkan rendemen untuk NS-HCl dan NS-H2SO4 yaitu masing-masing 3,5±3,01% dan 2,71±1,12%. Hidrolisis ekstrak selulosa dengan asam yang berbeda menghasilkan karakteristik nanoselulosa yang berbeda. NS-H2SO4 menghasilkan struktur yang lebih kristalin dengan kristalinitas sebesar 60,56%, sedangkan NS-HCl menghasilkan sturktur yang cenderung amorf.
Keyword: H2SO4, HCl, hidrolisis, limbah padat, nanoselulosa

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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