Judul: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun dan Kulit Buah Tiga Spesies Pohon Penghasil Gaharu.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan rendemen ekstrak, kandungan fitokimia, serta membandingkan potensi dari daun muda, daun sedang, daun tua Gyrinops versteegii, Aquilaria malaccensis, dan A. beccariana, serta kulit buah G. versteegii dan A. malaccensis sebagai agen antibakteri terhadap beberapa jenis bakteri. Daun dan kulit buah pohon penghasil gaharu dimaserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% dan air. Ekstrak yang diperoleh kemudian ditentukan kandungan fitokimia, serta diuji antibakteri secara kualitatif dengan kromatografi lapis tipis bioautografi dan kuantitatif dengan mikrodilusi. Senyawa fitokimia yang terkandung dalam ekstrak etanol lebih beragam dibandingkan dalam ekstrak air. Golongan senyawa yang aktif sebagai antibakteri adalah alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, terpenoid, steroid, dan saponin. Aktivitas antibakteri terbaik ditunjukkan oleh ekstrak etanol daun tua G. versteegii dan A. beccariana dengan nilai konsentrasi hambat minimum 0.50 mg/mL terhadap Escherichia coli dan 0.03 mg/mL terhadap Staphylococcus aureus. Dugaan golongan senyawa aktif pada kedua ekstrak terbaik secara berturut-turut masing-masing steroid dan flavonoid.
Keyword: antibakteri, Aquilaria beccariana, Aquilaria malaccensis, fitokimia, Gyrinops versteegii

Judul: Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Fungi Endofit Aquilaria crassna Tanaman Penghasil Gaharu.
Abstrak: Tingginya permintaan produk gaharu sebagai obat-obatan terutama sebagai antioksidan menyebabkan permintaan pasar terhadap gaharu semakin tinggi. Hal ini mengakibatkan eksploitasi tanaman penghasil gaharu sehingga terjadinya kepunahan dan kelangkaan terhadap tanaman penghasil gaharu, terutama pada jenis Aquilaria spp. Fungi endofit diharapkan menjadi alternatif karena mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang mirip dengan inangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan ekstrak teraktif antioksidan dari dua isolat fungi endofit tanaman penghasil gaharu Aquilaria crassna. Ekstrak etil asetat kasar difraksinasi menggunakan ekstraksi cair-cair dan diperoleh 4 fraksi, yaitu fraksi n-heksana, fraksi klorofom, fraksi etil asetat, dan residu (fraksi metanol). Hasil ekstak fraksinasi didapatkan isolat P1B1C dengan ekstrak n-heksana merupakan isolat dengan potensi antioksidan kuat dengan IC50 sebesar 79.86 μg/mL dengan total fenol sebesar 23.32 mg Ekuivalen Asam Galat (EAG)/g sampel dan total flavonoid sebesar 604.51 mg Ekuivalen Kuersetin (EK)/g sampel dan P2CK1B dengan ekstrak metanol dengan potensi antioksidan sedang dengan IC50 sebesar 113.98 μg/mL dengan total fenol sebesar 49.60 mg Ekuivalen Asam Galat (EAG)/g sampel dan total flavonoid sebesar 78.63 mg Ekuivalen Kuersetin (EK)/g sampel. Besarnya total fenol dan flavonoid berkorelasi dengan tingginya aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak.
Keyword: Antioksidan, Aquilaria crassna, fungi endofit, total fenol, total flavonoid

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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