Judul: Pemilihan Antibiotik untuk Pengobatan Infeksi Sekunder Staphylococcus aureus pada Luka Terbuka di Kuda
Abstrak: Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri yang sering ditemukan pada saluran hidung, kulit, dan membran mukosa manusia maupun hewan (kucing, anjing, kelinci, sapi, kuda, dan babi). Luka kuda memiliki risiko tinggi terinfeksi karena lingkungan. Luka yang mengalami infeksi kemungkinan besar disebabkan oleh bakteri dan salah satunya adalah Staphylococcus aureus. Terdapat banyak pendapat mengenai perawatan, teknik pembalutan, teknik penjahitan dalam menangani luka pada kuda, dan pengobatan dengan antibiotik. Risiko resistensi selalu menjadi pertimbangan dalam pemberian antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pemilihan obat yang tepat dalam mengobati luka infeksi sekunder akibat Staphylococcus aureus yang dapat memperburuk kondisi luka. Uji kepekaan terhadap antibiotik dilakukan untuk memilih antibiotik yang tepat untuk digunakan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan isolat Staphylococcus aureus yang berasal dari luka kuda mengalami resistensi terhadap antibiotik ampisilin dan penisilin. Isolat bakteri masih rentan terhadap antibiotik siprofloksasin, eritromisin, gentamisin, dan tetrasiklin.
Keyword: antibiotics, horse wound, Staphylococcus aureus

Judul: Resistance of Staphylococcus sp. Against Antibiotics from Animal Clinics in Depok City
Abstrak: Staphylococcus sp. is an opportunistic bacteria that is often found in animals and humans. Various studies have shown Staphylococcus sp. can become resistant to at least one antibiotic. This study aims to identify the Staphylococcus sp. isolated from hospitalized cats at the veterinary clinic in Depok City and understand Staphylococcus sp. resistance against amoxicillin, gentamicin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, and enrofloxacin. Antibiotic sensitivity test was conducted by Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion method. The results showed that 9 isolates (45%) were Staphylococcus sp. consisting of 7 isolates of S. aureus and 2 isolates of S. epidermidis. The test results showed the resistance of S. aureus isolates to amoxicillin (1 isolate), cefotaxime (7 isolates), doxycycline (1 isolate), enrofloxacin (1 isolate). S. epidermidis isolates were resistant to amoxicillin (1 isolate), cefotaxime (1 isolate), doxycycline (1 isolate). Antibiotics that can still be used for S. aureus infection are enrofloxacin, gentamicin, doxycycline, and amoxicillin, while those from S. epidermidis used gentamicin and enrofloxacin., Staphylococcus sp. merupakan bakteri oportunistik yang sering ditemukan pada hewan dan manusia. Berbagai penelitian menunjukkan isolat Staphylococcus sp. dapat menjadi resistan terhadap setidaknya satu jenis antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bakteri Staphylococcus sp. yang diisolasi dari kucing rawat inap di klinik hewan Kota Depok dan mengetahui gambaran resistansi Staphylococcus sp. terhadap antibiotik amoksisilin, gentamisin, sefotaksim, doksisiklin, dan enrofloksasin. Pengujian kepekaan antibiotik menggunakan metode Disk Diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 9 isolat (45%) merupakan Staphylococcus sp. yang terdiri dari 7 isolat S. aureus dan 2 isolat S. epidermidis. Hasil uji menunjukkan resistansi isolat S. aureus terhadap amoksisilin (1 isolat), sefotaksim (7 isolat), doksisiklin (1 isolat), enrofloksasin (1 isolat). Isolat S. epidermidis resistan terhadap amoksisilin (1 isolat), sefotaksim (1 isolat), doksisiklin (1 isolat). Antibiotik yang masih dapat digunakan untuk infeksi S. aureus adalah enrofloksasin, gentamisin, doksisiklin, dan amoksisilin, sedangkan infeksi S. epidermidis dapat diobati dengan gentamisin dan enrofloksasin.
Keyword: kucing/cats, antibiotik, antibiotics, Staphylococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp.

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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