Judul: Validasi dan verifikasi metode analisis bakteri asam laktat pada produk susu
Abstrak: Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a group of bacteria that capable converting carbohydrates (glucose) into lactic acid and mostly grow at facultatif anaerobic condition. At present, the most widely method used to enumerate LAB in some laboratory in Indonesia is incubation in aerob condition. In order to ensure that the method has a good performance, there is a need of method validation. Validation is the confirmation by examination and provision of objective evidence that particular requirements for specified intended use are fulfilled. The purpose of this study is to validate the quantitative method for enumeration of lactic acid bacteria. Two methods of enumeration of LAB in yoghurt were studied, i.e. ISO 7889-2003(E) as a reference method and SNI 2981-2009 as an alternative method. The principle of this method is to grow the facultative anaerobic bacteria in aerobic and anaerobic condition incubated for 3 days at 37 oC on MRSA media. The anaerobic condition was made using Anaxomat jar whose enrich with 10% CO2. The result obtained by these two method were compared. Therefore several parameters such as precision (RSD), relative accuracy, linearity, limit of detection, and limit of quantification were evaluated. The results showed that RSD of these methods between 0.44% and 3.03%, percent recovery of these methods between 97% and 101%, and limit of detection are 3 cfu/mL. It can be concluded that these two methods have good performance characteristics.
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Judul: Identifikasi Dan Karakterisasi Substrat Antimikroba Dari Bakteri Asam Laktat Kandidat Probiotik Yang Diisolasi Dari Dadiah Dan Yogurt
Abstrak: Probiotic has been defined as living microorganism that, when administered in adequate of amounts, confered a health benefit on the host. One of criterias that must be fulfilled by lactic acid bacteria as a probiotic is its ability to produce antimicrobial compounds that were capable inhibit toward pathogenic bacterias. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can be isolated from fermented milk. Maheswari (2008) isolated Lactobacillus plantarum D-01 and Lactococcus lactis D-01 from buffalo milk fermented called ‘dadiah’ traditionally produced by people from West and North Sumatra, and also isolated Bifidobacterium longum Y-01 and Lactobacillus acidophilus Y-01 from yogurt. Their potential as probiotic culture was interested to determine especially for their ability to produce antimicrobial substrate that inhibit pathogenic bacterias. Identification of nature and characterization of antimicrobial substrate produce by LABs tested for its stability at different pH and storage’s temperature, and proteolitic’s enzyme by agar well diffusion method. The culture supernatants inhibited toward Salmonella Ser. Typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. The supernatants showed an antimicrobial activity against phatogenic bacteria and identified as organic acid and hydrogen peroxide. The existance of proteinaceous antibacterial compound, which referred as bacteriosin, was proved through proteolityc activity on supernatants that resulted in decrease of zone inhibition diameters. Characterization determined that proteinaceous antibacterial compound was stable at room storage temperature within five days and at cold storage temperature within two weeks. Meanwhile, proteinaceous antibacterial compounds were not heat stable and not stable when adjusted in different pH, especially when adjusted in pH above 5. Four LABs tested could be considered as probiotic bacterias because all of LABs produced antimicrobial compounds consist of organic acid, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriosin that inhibited pathogenic indicator bacterias.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf