Judul: Toksisitas Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA), Produk Turunan Pati Resisten Tipe 3 Hasil Fermentasi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas) Oleh Bakteri Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 Terhadap Sel HCT-116
Abstrak: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a food that contains high type 3 resistant starch. Fermentation of type 3 resistant starch by several bacteria such as Clostridium can produce Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) containing acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFA butyrate is capable to inhibit the growth of colon carcinoma cells with an apoptosis pathway. The aim of this research was to analyze the toxicity of SCFA produce from fermentation of type-3 resistant starch from sweet potato with the bacterium Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 against human colon carcinoma cell line using hemacytometer cell counting method and detection of apoptotic cells by Hoechst 33258 staining. The type 3 resistant starch fermented from sweet potato with a molar ratio of acetate, propionate, and butyrate at 52.95 mM : 66.93 mM : 92.41 mM were used as the primary working solution which was further diluted. VERO cell was used in the analysis as a normal cell with treatment given at concentration of 10 mM; 5 mM: 2.5 mM: 1.25 mM: 0.625 mM, while HCT 116 cells was used as a colon cancer cells by treatment with 1.25 mM; 0.625 mM: 0.313 mM: 0.156 mM; 0.078 mM. The results showed that the butyrate concentration of 1.25 mM showed the high toxicity of 85.42% to HCT 116 cells and in VERO cells showed low toxicity at 46.97%. Detection of apoptosis using Hoechst 33258 staining showed that apoptosis occurred in HCT-116 cells by a SCFA concentration of 1.25 mM and 0.625 mM.
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Judul: DNA Fragmentation on HCT-116 Colon Cancer Cell in the Presence of Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) Extract
Abstrak: Type 3 resistant starch (RS3) is retrogaded starch that resists digestion in the small intestine of healthy people and fermented in the large intestine. The main fermentation products are the short chain fatty acids (SCFA) acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate is the major energy source for the colonocytes and have anti-carcinogenic effects mainly by affecting proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis of colonocytes. The aim of this study was to analyze apoptotic DNA fragments of HCT-116 human colon cancer cell incubated with SCFA derived from fermentation of RS3 of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) by C. Butyricum BCC B2571 using DNA ladder assay. The DNA bands detected from attached cells treated with SCFA containing 1.00 and 1.25 mM butyrate were different from the control, appeared as longer smear. There were separate DNA bands in the floating cells in the treated medium (SCFA containing 0.625, 1.00, and 1.25 mM butyrate) at ±100 bp. These bands were not presence in the control. DNA fragmentation was not clear in the attached cells, but was observed as a separate bands in the floating cells in the medium which contained the dead cells. This research still needs optimazion of DNA extraction to get the best result of DNA fragmentation assay
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Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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