Judul: Peran Vernalisasi dan Zat Pengatur Tumbuh dalam Peningkatan Pembungaan dan Produksi Biji Bawang Merah di Dataran Rendah dan Dataran Tinggi
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to observe the effect of vernalization and growth regulator in increasing flowers and true shallot seed yield in lowland and highland. This reaserch was conducted at lowland, Dramaga (250 masl, t=25- 260C, rainfall: 105-548 mm/month, RH:71-87%), and highland, Cipanas (1250 masl, t=20-210C, rainfall 204-479 mm/month, RH:80-87%). Shallot bulb 5-7 g was used as planting material. This research was conducted in two experiments. In the first experimental completely Randomized Block Design with two factors was used. The first factor was vernalisation, i.e.without vernalisation (V0) and vernalisation at 10 0C for thirty five days (V1) s, and the second factor was GA3 concentration, i.e. 0 ppm (G1), 100 ppm (G2), and 200 ppm (G3). In the second experiment, NAA at concentration of 0 (A1), 50 (A2), 100 (A3) and 200 ppm(A4) was used. Before planting, the bulbs was vernalized and submerged in 200 ppm GA3 solution for one hour. NAA is given by spraying to the plants aged 3 and 5 weeks after planting. The result showed that vernalization and GA3 affected flowering and TSS production. In lowland, combination of vernalization and 200 ppm GA3 increased flowering 233 times compared to the control and increased one-half times compared to the vernalization treatment without GA3 and in highland it increased four times compared to the control and one-half times compared to the vernalization without GA3. Combination of vernalization and 200 ppm GA3 resulted in the TSS production 3.93 g/m2 (39.3 kg/ha) in lowland and 4:41 g/m2 (44.1 kg/ha) in highland. Aplication of 200 ppm GA3 without vernalization and combination of vernalization until 200 ppm GA3 produced > 80% germination in lowland and highland. Aplication of 50 ppm NAA increase 24% flowering, 4.80 g or equal to 48.00 kg/ha TSS production with 87% germination. The result also show that vernalization can be substituted by GA3 aplication to enhance flowering and TSS production in highland however in lowland as well as high land area a combination of vernalization and GA3 was the best treatment.
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Judul: Peningkatan produksi dan mutu benih botani (True Shallot Seed)bawang merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum B.) dengan BAP dan Boron, serta serangga penyerbuk
Abstrak: True shallot seed (TSS) is one potential alternative of seed source to be developed and be able to solve the problem of shallot seed in Indonesia. Constraints in TSS production are the low flowering and seed formation. Such attempts to improve TSS production is through increasing flowering using benzylaminopurine (BAP), pollen viability using boron and pollination using insect pollinators. The aims of the research were to enhance flowering, pollen viability, TSS production and quality using BAP and boron, as well as study mating system in TSS production and enhance TSS production and quality using insect pollinators. The study consisted of three experiments and was conducted in two location i.e. Lembang (high land - 1250 m asl) during August 2011-August 2012 and in Subang (low land - 100 m asl) during March-August 2012. In each location the experiment was carried out in two steps. In the first step BAP at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm and boron at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 kg ha-1 were used and arranged in randomized block design with three replicates. In the second step there were two trials, namely experiments using self-pollination and cross-pollination, as well as experiments using insect pollinators i.e. bees (Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Trigona sp.) and green fly (Lucilia sp. - Calliphoridae) were employed, with open pollination as control were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated five times. The results showed that BAP increased flowering, pollen viability and TSS production in Lembang. While boron 1-4 kg ha-1 increased flowering, pollen viability, TSS production and quality in Lembang. The optimum concentration of BAP and dosage of boron for TSS production in Lembang were 37.5 ppm and 2.9 kg/ha respectively. In Subang, BAP enhanced flowering and pollen viability. BAP did not increase the TSS production and quality. Boron also did not affect flowering, pollen viability, TSS production and quality in Subang. Crosspollination was better in producing the yield and quality of TSS than self-pollination in Lembang, but in Subang resulted in lower germination. Honeybee Apis cerana was the most effective pollinator in increasing the yield and quality of TSS both in Lembang and Subang. Increasing production of TSS by A .cerana was 56.8% with 77% germination in Lembang, while in Subang that was 61.3% with 83% germination.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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