Judul: Uji In Vitro Ransum yang In Vitro Experiment on Diets Supplemented by Anorganic and Organic Chromium
Abstrak: Chromium is a trace element which has been considered essential for humans and animals since 1959. However, the effect of chromium on rumen microorganisms has Dot been yet known. This experiment was conducted to detennine the effect of chromium on rumen microorganisms which was measured in vitro by supplementation to agroindustrial waste diets. Chromium supplementation was done in anorganic and organic forms (incorporation to Rhizopus sp. fungi). Two experimental designs were used in this experiment. A Completely Randomized Design with 10 treatments and 3 replications was used to measure dry matter and organic matter digestibilities (DMD and OMD). A Factorial Randomized Block Design 10 x 3 was used to measure total VFA and NH3 productions. Factor A was diet treatments and Factor B was fermentation period. Rumen fluid was used as block (replication). Treatments consisted of KI (Control diet), K2 (KI + Non mineral Rhizopus 'p. fungi), A (K2 + Anorganic Cr) with 4 levels of anorganic Cr (I, 2, 3 and 4 ppm) and 0 (KI + Organic Cr) with 4 levels of organic Cr (I, 2, 3 and 4 ppm). Incubation period was carried out for 1,3 and 5 hours. The addition of non mineral Rhizopus 'p. fungi (K2) decreased total VF A production from 110 to 59 mM (p<O,05) and increased NH, production from 9,97 to 13,28 mM (p<O,05). Supplementation of anorganic Cr decreased DMD and OMD compared to K2 (P<O,05), but organic Cr supplementation increased DMD and OMD. Optimum level of organic Cr supplementation was 1 ppm and 4 ppm for anorganic Cr. Ibis mean that supplementation of organic Cr four times more efficient than that of anorganic Cr. Key words: Chromium, in vitro, anorganic, organic
Keyword: 

Judul: Produksi Kromium Organik dari Fungi serta Peranannya bagi  Aktivitas Fermentasi Rumen
Abstrak: Organic chromium has higher availability than inorganic chromium sources. One of organic Cr h w n is Cr inoorporated to protein fungi. Info~tion about the best fungi or m i ~ s usmed in organic Cr production is still limited Tbus, this expabent was comlwted to study about organic chmium production using cliff- kind of fungi as its carrier, and and evaluate its effects on rumen' fermentation activity. The eqmhtnt consist of two steps. Orgatllc Cr production was c o n d d with a 4x3 factwid Compldy Randomized Design with 3 replication Four fungi used as courier in organic Cr production as first factor were S a c ~ ~ceerevsisia e, AspergilIta o w e , M izopk 0- a d" mgi tape". Second factor was level of chromium addition (500, 1000 dan 1500 mg/kg). Effects of organic chcmium supp1em4on on rumen fermentation activity measured with in vim technique, using Raudomhd Blmk Design with 13 merits and 3 replication. Addition of 1000 rn@g Cr gave the highest Cr incorpoxation to fungi protein (484 mgi'kg) and Cr hcqmmtion efficiency (21,06%). Best fungi used as carrier in organic Cr producbon was Rhizoptnrs oryzae which gave the highest Cr incorporation (488 m@g) and inmpmtion efficiency (24,Ph). Supplementation of I mflg organic Cr increased dry matter and organic matter digestibility in a h kid of fungi used as carrier. It tends to incmsad NF& and total VFA w o n . Partial VFA profile s h o d iacreased propionate p d u c t i g which d e a a d methane production atmd increased hexose convertion efficiency in d lmttmats. Suggested organic Cr wed was 1 m@gg Each h g i used as carrier in o ~ c C r a s u t t e d ~ e f f e c t s m n u n e n f ~ ~ ~ a c t i v i t y , b ~ ~ ~ no m e result showed. It could be concluded that wether Sawhmyces cerevt;piae, AsprgiZIus mywe, MRophus o w e or "IT@ tape" could be US& as carrier in organic Cr pdwt~on
Keyword: 

Judul: Formulasi Hamiltonian untuk Menggambarkan Gerak Gelombang Soliter Dimensi Tiga di Permukaan Laut
Abstrak: Gelombang permukaan adalah gelombang yang terjadi perbedaan rapat massa antara air dan udara. Salah satu gelombang permukaan yang ditinjau adalah gelombang soliter. Formulasi gelombang soliter dilakukan dengan menggunakan formulasi Hamiltonian.
Keyword: