Judul: Pola Resistensi Salmonella sp. yang diisolasi dari Ayam Petelur di Kecamatan Rumpin, Kabupaten Bogor, terhadap Beberapa Antibiotik
Abstrak: Sektor peternakan telah menjadi sumber penyebaran resistensi antibiotik di dunia. Penyalahgunaan antibiotik pada hewan ternak telah menyebabkan resistensi antibiotik pada seluruh jenis bakteri. Salmonella sp. merupakan salah satu bakteri utama penyebab penyakit yang menular melalui makanan yang dapat ditemukan pada hewan, termasuk unggas. Keberadaan informasi mengenai tingkat resistensi antibiotik ini menjadi dasar penting dalam penentuan kebijakan untuk menanggulangi masalah resistensi antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji resistensi isolat Salmonella sp. asal swab kloaka ayam petelur terhadap antibiotik ampisilin, gentamisin, kloramfenikol, asam nalidiksat, siprofloksasin, eritromisin, oksitetrasiklin, tetrasiklin, sefpodoksim, sefoksitin, sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim, kolistin, aztreonam, dan nitrofurantoin. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer Disk Diffusion Test untuk uji kepekaan antibiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedua isolat termasuk ke dalam multidrug resistant (MDR) Salmonella. Isolat A telah resisten terhadap sembilan antibiotik, yaitu ampisilin, asam nalidiksat, siprofloksasin, eritromisin, tetrasiklin, oksitetrasiklin, sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim, nitrofurantoin, dan kolistin. Isolat B telah resisten terhadap sepuluh antibiotik, yaitu ampisilin, gentamisin, asam nalidiksat, eritromisin, tetrasiklin, oksitetrasiklin, sefpodoksim, sefoksitin, nitrofurantoin, dan kolistin. Kedua isolat masih relatif sensitif terhadap dua jenis antibiotik, yaitu kloramfenikol dan aztreonam.
Keyword: ayam petelur, MDR, resistensi antibiotik, Salmonella spp

Judul: Uji Resistensi Escherichia coli dari Peternakan Ayam Ras Petelur di Desa Rumpin Kabupaten Bogor terhadap Antibiotik
Abstrak: Escherichia coli merupakan flora normal yang ada di usus manusia dan hewan. Sebagian besar strain E. coli tidak berbahaya namun beberapa strain dapat menjadi patogen. Antibiotik berperan sebagai terapi terhadap infeksi E. coli. Penggunaan antibiotik secara tidak bijak dapat menimbulkan resistensi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur tingkat resistensi E. coli yang diisolasi dari ayam ras petelur terhadap sefpodoksim, sefoksitin, seftizoksim, aztreonam, oksasilin, nitrofurantoin, dan sulfametoksazol−trimetoprim. Sampel uji berasal dari swab kloaka ayam ras petelur. Pengujian resistensi E. coli terhadap antibiotik dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar yang didasarkan pada hubungan ukuran zona hambat dan sensitivitas bakteri. Hasil yang diperoleh kemudian dibandingkan dengan Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 17 isolat E. coli mengalami resistensi terhadap sefpodoksim (100.0%), sefoksitin (58.82%), seftizoksim (100.0%), aztreonam (94.12%), oksasilin (100.0%), nitrofurantoin (58.82%), dan sulfametoksazol−trimetoprim (82.35%).
Keyword: antibiotik, Escherichia coli, layer, resistensi, uji resistensi

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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