Judul: Produktivitas, Potensi dan Strategi Pengembangan Kerbau Belang di Kecamatan Sanggalangi’, Kabupaten Toraja Utara, Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Spotted buffaloes (Tedong Bonga) is one of local livestock that has the highest value in Torajan’s culture. Population of Torajan's spotted buffalo has been decreasing since several years ago. The aim of this research was to analyze the productivity and reproductivity performances of Torajan’s spotted buffalo. Secondly, to analyze how the potency and development strategy of Torajan's spotted buffalo in Sanggalangi subdistrict, North Toraja. This research was conducted from July to September 2010 in the Sanggalangi’ subdistrict, North Toraja District, South Sulawesi. This research used sampling method were purposive sampling method for subdistrict samples and farmers samples ( 90 farmers). Two kinds of data were obtained in this research. The primary data was collected from the farmers by interview using questioner and observation. The secondary data was collected from North Toraja Livestock and Fishing Departement, Central Statistics Departement, Agricultural Departement and Subdistrict Departement. Data collected were analyzed with descriptive analysis, reproduction characteristic analysis, dynamics of buffalo population analysis, Capacity of Additional Ruminant Population (CARP) analysis, and SWOT (strength, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) analysis. The result showed that as follow : the ratio between male and female was 1:3; first oestrus was at 2,48 years of age with the average duration of heat about 22,6 hours and the oestrous cycle about 18.5 days. The first conception occured at 2.87 years with the gestation period about 387,4 days. Birth rate and calf crop were relatively high: 89% and 77%. The difference of birth rate and calf crop caused mortality about 2,35%. Service per conception (S/C) was 1,85 time and conception rate was 86,5%. CARP estimation showed that Sanggalangi’ subdistrict’s CARP value was negative. The strategies formula of development spotted buffalo is turnaround strategies or stability of weaknesses and opportunities.
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Judul: Produktivitas, potensi dan strategi pengembangan kerbau belang di Kecamatan Sanggalangi, Kabupaten Toraja Utara Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas Kerbau Belang serta menganalisis potensi dan strategi pengembangan populasinya di Kecamatan Sangallangi’, Kabupaten Toraja Utara, Sulawesi Selatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Sanggalangi’, Kabupaten Toraja Utara, Sulawesi Selatan pada bulan Juli hingga September 2010. Jumlah sampel peternak yang diwawancarai ialah 90 peternak. Data produktivitas ditinjau dari aspek reproduksi. Aspek reproduksi diketahui dengan melakukan wawancara terhadap peternak dan survei langsung. Aspek reproduksi meliputi karakteristik sifat reproduksi Kerbau Belang serta indeks reproduksi ternak dan produktivitas ternak induk. Hasil yang diperoleh adalah sebagai berikut: nilai perbandingan jantan terhadap betina adalah 0,34±0,12, umur berahi pertama kerbau belang betina ialah 2,48±0,37 tahun, umur kawin pertama 2,87±0,26 tahun, lama berahi 22,6±8,32 jam, panjang siklus berahi 19,5 ± 7,48 hari, service per conception (S/C) 1,85±0,41 kali, angka kebuntingan 86,5±0,07 %, lama kebuntingan 387,4±27,20 hari. Umur induk melahirkan pertama ialah pada umur 3,74±0,17 tahun dan kerbau betina memiliki selang beranak (calving interval) selama 2,04 ± 0,22 tahun. Angka kelahiran dan calf crop kerbau yaitu 89±0,05 % dan 77% ±0,58 %. Perbedaan antara angka kelahiran dan calf crop disebabkan oleh adanya kematian anak (mortalitas) sebesar 2,35±0,01 % pada umur prasapih. Nilai estimasi dinamika populasi ternak Kerbau Belang selama lima tahun mendatang ialah terjadi penurunan populasi jumlah ternak sebesar 24,31% per tahun. ii Nilai Kapasitas Peningkatan Popupasi Ternak Ruminasia (KPPTR) di Kecamatan Sanggalangi’ bernilai negatif yakni 1124,72 ST. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat keterbatasan sumberdaya lahan dalam pengembangan Kerbau Belang. Prospek pengembangan kerbau di Kecamatan Sanggalangi’ dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, dan Threats (SWOT) yang ditinjau dari aspek internal dan eksternal. Hasil analisis SWOT menunjukkan bahwa skor nilai untuk faktor internal ialah -0,11 sedangkan untuk faktor eksternal ialah 0,88. Hal ini berarti bahwa kedudukan atau posisi Kecamatan Sanggalangi’ berada pada posisi turnaround sehingga langkah strategi yang perlu diambil antara lain perlu adanya optimalisasi daya dukung lahan dalam penyediaan pakan ternak, menanami lahan-lahan kosong dengan tanaman makanan ternak, pengolahan / pengawetan hijauan makanan ternak, serta memaksimalkan penggunaan limbah tanaman pangan atau hasil pertanian; meningkatkan kerjasama pemerintah dengan peternak (pemberian pinjaman modal ke peternak dari pemerintah atau pihak bank); serta membenahi transportasi seperti infrakstruktur jalan dan transportasi darat (angkutan umum).
Keyword: Productivity, reproduction characteristic, Development strategies

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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