Judul: Performance Bird Market in Bogor West Java
Abstrak: Keragaan pasar burung merupakan pencapaian usaha dalam menjalankan aktivitas perdagangan burung, sehingga penelitian ini digunakan untuk melihat seberapa ekonomisnya usaha perdagangan burung yang dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mewawancarai pedagang dan pembeli burung menggunakan metode purposive dan accidental sampling. Pasar burung di Bogor menjual bermacam jenis burung, sangkar, pakan, aksesoris, alat perawatan, obat dan vitamin. Sebagian besar pedagang burung berlatar usaha karena hobi, lama usaha kurang dari 5 tahun, dan sebagai pedagang profesional. Pembeli burung rata-rata orang dewasa dan menyukai jenis burung tertentu untuk peliharaan rumah. Asal burung sebagian besar dari Pulau Jawa. Saluran pemasaran yaitu penangkap-penjual-pembeli, penangkar-penjual-pembeli, dan penangkap-agen-penjual-pembeli. Nilai ekonomi pasar burung sebanyak Rp453.394.000/bulan dengan keuntungan Rp114.935.000/bulan. Keragaan pasar burung di Bogor dilihat dari hasil perhitungan eff-X dan PCM menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Hasil perhitungan efisiensi internal dan PCM merupakan indikator pedagang dalam meningkatkan margin pemasaran., The performance bird market is a business achievement in bird trading activities, so the research is used to see how economical the bird trading business is. The research was conducted by interviewing traders and buyers of bird using purposive and accidental sampling method. The bird market in Bogor sells various type of birds, cages, feeds, accessories, grooming tools, medicines, and vitamins. Most of the bird traders have a business background due to hobbies, business length less than 5 years, and as professional traders. The average of bird buyers are adults and they prefer to buy several species as a pet. The origin of bird is mostly from Java. The market channels are catcher-seller-buyer, captive-seller-buyer, and catcher-agent-seller-buyer. The economic value of the bird market is IDR 453.394.000/month with a profit of IDR 114.935.000/month. The performance bird market in Bogor which is counted from the calculation of the Eff-X (Internal Efficiency) and PCM (Price Cost Margin) shows mixed results. The result of the calculation of Eff-X and PCM are indicators of traders in increase marketing margin.
Keyword: bogor, keragaan, pasar burung, perdagangan burung, bogor, bird market, bird trade, performance

Judul: Bird Trade Via E-commerce in Indonesia
Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi mempermudah perdagangan satwa liar, termasuk burung. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi jenis burung yang diperdagangkan, mengkategorikan produk yang dijual, kota dan kabupaten di Indonesia yang paling banyak menjual, serta menduga nilai ekonomi burung yang diperdagangkan secara daring melalui e-commerce. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 4 bulan melalui web scraping dengan mengumpulkan informasi seperti nama toko, barang yang dijual (perlengkapan, obat, awetan satwa, aksesoris, dan replika burung), asal, dan barang yang terjual. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 411 jenis burung yang dijual dengan pembagian 211 jenis burung Indonesia dan 161 jenis burung asing di 32 daerah di Indonesia. Ordo Passeriformes menjadi jenis burung dominan dengan total penjualan 152 jenis burung endemik dan 69 jenis burung asing. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 47 jenis burung dilindungi oleh permen LHK No. 106 Tahun 2018, 32 jenis burung masuk kategori IUCN (8 VU, 16 EN, dan 8 CR), serta 66 jenis burung masuk status konservasi CITES (12 App. I, 49 App. II, dan 5 App. III). Total ekonomi yang didapatkan adalah Rp2.079.824.611 dari tahun 2015 hingga 2023., Technological advances make it easier to trade wild animals, including birds. This research identifies the types of birds traded, categorizes the products sold, the cities and districts in Indonesia that sell the most, and estimates the economic value of birds traded online through e-commerce. Data collection was carried out for 4 months via web scraping by collecting information such as shop name, goods sold (equipment, medicine, preserved animals, accessories, and bird replicas), origin, and goods sold. Based on the research results, there are 411 types of birds for sale, divided into 211 types of Indonesian birds and 161 types of foreign birds in 32 regions of Indonesia. The Passeriformes order is the dominant bird species, with total sales of 152 endemic bird species and 69 foreign bird species. The analysis results show that there are 47 bird species protected by LHK regulation no. 106 of 2018, 32 bird species are included in the IUCN category (8 VU, 16 EN, and 8 CR), and 66 bird species are included in CITES conservation status (12 App. I, 49 App. II, and 5 App. III). The total economic gain is IDR 2.079.824.611 from 2015 to 2023.
Keyword: burung, nilai ekonomi, perdagangan

Judul: Konversi asam karboksilat rantai panjang ke amina sekunder rantai karbon ganjil
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to convert long-chain carboxylic acids, both saturated and unsaturated,to become odd carbon-chain secondary amines. The synthetic routes were taken from carboxylic acids through acyl chloride and primary amine, and then both of them were reacted to obtain amide II that finally reduced to secondary amine using NaBH4-I2 system in THF. The primary amines with one less carbon was synthesized by the method of Schmidt reaction. The acidic solution of hydrazoic acid was used as a reagent in the reaction.
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