Judul: Studi Tentang Terjadinya Erosi, Aliran Permukaan Dan Hilangnya Unsur Hara Dalam Aliran Permukaan Pada Lahan Hutan Sekunder 1 Tahun Bekas Terbakar
Abstrak: Hutan merupakan suatu kesatuan ekosistem berupa hamparan lahan berisi sumberdaya alam hayati, yang didominasi oleh pepohonan dalam persekutuan alam lingkungannya, yang satu dengan yang lainnya tidak dapat dipisahkan. Manfaat hutan diantaranya adalah pemanfaatan hasil hutan kayu dan non kayu, pemanfaatan kawasan hutan serta pemungutan hasil hutan kayu dan non kayu. Kebakaran hutan merupakan salah satu peristiwa alam yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan dan musnahnya hutan dalam waktu yang sangat cepat serta memberikan pengaruh langsung maupun tidak langsung terhadap kehidupan masyarakat. Kebakaran hutan dapat menimbulkan penurunan kualitas lahan yang meliputi sifat fisik, kimia, hidrologi tanah, kapasitas penyimpanan air tanah dan serasah serta humus sehingga akan mempengaruhi pertumbuhan pohon di areal bekas terbakar.
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Judul: dampak Kebakaran Hutan Terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Sifat Kimia Tanah (Studi Kasusdi Hutan Sekunder Haurbentes Jasinga-Bogor)
Abstrak: Kebakaran hutan merupakan salah satu perisliwa alam yang dapal menyebabkan kerusakan dan musnahnya hutan dalam waktu yang sangal cepat. Rusaknya hutan ini melipuli hilangnya keanekaragaman tumbuhan dan satwa serta musnahnya plasma nutfah. Kebakaran hutan yang menimbulkan kerusakan ekosistem dunia sampai sekarang ini belum dapat ditanggulangi secara maksimal. Dampak kebakaran hulan dapat merugikan kehidupan manusia. Sedangkan beberapa keuntungan dari kebakaran hutan adalah memperoleh tunas atau rumpul muda untuk lemak serta untuk mengurangi timbunan bahan bakar di lantai hulan sehingga lahan hulan siap ditanami. Adapun dampak negatif kebakaran hulan terhadap tanah adalah penurunan kualitas lahan hulan yang meliputi sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, erosi, kapasitas penyimpanan air tanah dan penghilangan serasah serta humus, yang seluruhnya sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan pohon.
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Judul: Bivalent vaccine for Motile Aeromonas Septicemia and Streptococcocis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstrak: Etiological agents of common fish diseases are the Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila and the Gram-positive Streptococcus agalactiae, both are considered severe fish pathogens on account of their ability to cause damaging disease outbreaks in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The occurence of co-infections between A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae at Waduk Cirata was about 20% per populations. Clinical signs appeared soon after infection, and include depression or excitability, anorexia, C-shaped body posturing, erratic swimming and whirling, and death. Aeromonas hydrophila and S. agalactiae cultures were not able to inhibit each other and showed negative results from antimicrobial activity, both are succeptible to antibitoics Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. Nile Tilapia also were clinically examined and necropsied for histopathology, samples were taken from kidney, brain, liver, and spleen. Histopathological lesions were grouped into two characteristic patterns. The first pattern consisted focal lesion and inflammation. The second pattern consisted of multifocal lesion, necrotic, and inflammatory lesions resulting organ deformation. The mortality patterns of Nile Tilapias showed acute and chronic infections to Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, sub-acute infection to Streptococcocis. There was a homeostatic balances on hematological respons during co-infection. Aeromonas hydrophila AHL0905-2 and Streptococcus agalactiae N14G, were used as an inactivated A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae vaccine. Different vaccine preparations and formulations for vaccination of Nile Tilapia species were tried by adding neutral buffered formalin 3% to the bacterial culture (bacterin). The safety of formalin inactivated vaccine is still questionable by some aquaculture practitioners, but the sterility and safety test results of the bivalent vaccine was safe to use through intraperitoneal injection route. An antibody response was detected at the 1st week that rose significantly (p<0.05) at the 3th week post immunization in all the immunized groups. Similarly, there were significant difference (p<0.05) in the humoral immune response between groups immunized with single and mixed bacterial antigens. Upon challenge with single pathogen, a high relative percent survival was recorded in the group immunized with mixed bacterial antigens and was comparable to those fish immunized with the single bacteria. The value of relative per cent survival from bivalent vaccine mixed whole cell+ECP was 100% and 86.2% to single infections and 56.7% to co-infections, indicate that this vaccine was eficient in Nile Tilapia.
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