Judul: Keefisienan Nitrogen dari Azolla pinnata dan Urea terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa) Varietas IR - 36
Abstrak: Sejalan dengan peningkatan produksi pertanian khusug nya pangan, maka konsumsi pupuk nitrogen terlihat meningkat di hampir semua negara termasuk Indonesia. Kebutuhan pupuk nitrogen di Indonesia diperkirakan mencapai 2.35 juta ton pada tahun 1984. Bersamaan dengan perkembangan itu tampak adanya kecenderungan peningkatan harga pupuk nitrogen. Produksi puppuk nitrogen sangat tergantung pada ketersedlaan energi fosil, suatu sumber daya yang tidak mungkin diperbaharui dan suatu saat akan habis. Sesuai dengan kebijaksanaan hemat energi dalam modernisasi pertanian terutam dalam ha1 konsumsi nitrogen, usaha untuk menggali alternatif sumber nitrogen lain perlu dilakukan. Memperluas peran penambatan nitrogen secara hayati merupakan salah satu alternatif yang mungkin diusahakan sebagai sumber nitrogen.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemupukan Nitrogen Dan Fosfor Terhadap Pertumbuhan, Produksi Dan Kadar Protein Beras Pecah Kulit Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) Varietas IR 36
Abstrak: Padi merupakan tanaman pangan utama yang hasilnya menjadi makanan pokok sebagian besar rakyat Indonesia, menyumbang 40-80% kalori dan 40% protein dalam susunan makanan sehingga peningkatan kadar protein beras diperlukan untuk menambah jumlah protein dalam makanan yang dikonsumsi. Nitrogen dan fosfor merupakan unsur hara yang sangat diperlukan oleh tanaman padi. Unsur nitrogen berperan dalam memberi warna hijau tua tanaman, mempercepat per- tumbuhan, memperbesar ukuran daun dan gabah, menambah tinggi dan jumlah anakan serta mempengaruhi produksi dan kadar protein beras. Unsur fosfor dapat merangsang pertumbuhan akar dan pembentukan anakan, mempercepat pembungaan dan diperlukan dalam pembentukan protein. Penelitian mengenai pemupukan nitrogen dan fosfor pada tanaman padi telah banyak dilakukan, tetapi penelitian hanya terbatas pada komponen pertumbuhan dan produksi. Pengaruh terhadap kedua komponen tersebut adalah positif. Penelitian untuk komponen kualitas terutama kadar protein masih sedikit sekali dilakukan. Untuk mengetahui protein, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian yang berkesinambungan...
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Judul: Categorization in Macaca fascicularis.
Abstrak: Categorization is an ability to group individuals or events into different classes mediated by conceptualized mental images. There are several levels of categorization and within a taxonomy the levels are nested. At the most concrete level of categorization, all or most members of the category shared common physical attributes that differ from other categories. The higher the level of category, the fewer common attributes between members of the group. In addition to humans, the ability to categorize has also been proposed in animals. One example of categorization in animal is species discrimination. Using matching-tosample task, present experiment tested ability of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in discriminating dichotomous-stimuli of different animals. The species has been shown to be able to see photos as representations of real object so I used facial photos of humans and animals for the stimuli. First, I tested their ability to classify humans and macaques into separate group. Second, I tested their ability to discriminate their conspecific from other macaques. And the last, I tested whether the subjects were able to discriminate non-human animals from humans. In all of these experiments I found that the subjects showed high performance in categorizing objects, even when I discarded details of visual informations, such as color and local shapes. The ability to identify objects with reduced representation of physical properties means the subjects were able to generalize attributes of members of the group. This would indicate that the subjects created a higher level abstraction. On the other hand, in discriminating intrageneric macaque species I found that they were able to extract uniqueness of each species. More over, I also found that the subjects were able to put photos of non-human animals that shared very few similarities in physical percepts into one group. I suggested that the subjects could create a more abstract concept based on non-percepts relations as a basis to put the objects into one category. Thus, I concluded that M. fascicularis were able to perform multiple levels of categorizations.
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