Judul: Preparation of CMC from Pineapple (Ananas comosus-Smooth Cayenne Cultivar) Peel and Its application as Edible Bio-plastics
Abstrak: Pineapple (Ananas comosus–Smooth cayenne cultivar) peel is agricultural waste that rich in cellulose. There is many way to utilize this waste to become more valuable product such as cellulose or its derivative. The objectives of this research are to prepare CMC from pineapple peel (CMCpp) and use the obtained CMC as edible film material. The CMCpp obtained from reacting the extracted cellulose from dried pineapple peel with monochloroacetic acid. The CMCpp has been successfully synthesized with degree of substitution (DS) of 1.040±0.104 for bleached CMC and of 0.601±0.087 for unbleached CMCpp, and the water solubility of bleached CMCpp and unbleached CMC were 76.92% and 33.93%, respectively. The CMCpp had lower solubility than commercial CMC (CMCc) which can be dissolved in water 100% (DS of CMC =1.0). The color measurement showed that the bleached CMC (L*=87.37; a*=-0.71; b*=8.19) was nearly met with the color of CMC (L*=89.57; a*=-0.91; b*=6.86) but brighter than unbleached CMCpp (L*=70.03; a*=4.07; b*=18.90). The effects of plasticizer (glycerol and sorbitol with concentration 10%; 20%; and 30% [w/w of CMC]) on the films properties were also investigated. The results showed that increasing the concentration of plasticizer decreased the tensile strength but increased %elongation of CMC films. The films with glycerol as plasticizer showed lower tensile strength than films with sorbitol as plasticizer. Adding glycerol and sorbitol did not give significant effect to the water solubility index but increased water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of films. FT-IR spectra showed that the functional groups of each film with and without plasticizer are not significantly different. The results indicated that the film of CMC from pineapple peel can be used as edible film for the other applications.
Keyword: Carboxymethyl cellulose, Edible film, Pineapple peel, Plasticizer

Judul: Penggunaan Edible Film dari Kitosan dengan Plasticizer Karboksimetilselulosa (CMC) sebagai Pengemas Burger Lele Dumbo
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to study the capability of CMC in improving the characteristics of edible film made from kitosan, as well as to see the ability of edible film in maintaining the shelf life of fish burger product at room temperature. Three various concentration of CMC was used, namely 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5%. The results of kitosan edible film characterization from the three concentrations of CMC showed that the concentration of 0.1% was the best concentration as a plasticizer, with thickness 0.19 mm, water vapor transmission rate 50.8 ml/m2/day, the tensile strength 24.2 kgf/cm2 and percentage elongation 18.1%. The shelf life of fish burger wrapped with kitosan edible film with 0,1% CMC was longer (two days) than burger without edible film at room temperature, indicated by the some parameters such as water content, protein content, fat content, ash content, water activity and TPC (total plate count) and organoleptic value.
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Judul: Kriteria Osilasi Untuk Pertidaksamaan Diferensial Taklinear Orde Dua
Abstrak: dimana pertidaksamaan dibatasi pada suatu selang [T,oo) dengan T?:O, aCt) kontinu pada selang [0,00) dan j(u) mempunyai turunan pertarna yang kontinu pada selang (-00,00) dengan uj(u) >0 untuk u;"O. Dengan menggunakan Asumsi A dan Asurnsi B, diperoleh beberapa teorerna ten tang kriteria osilasi untuk pertidaksamaan diferensial taklinear orde dua.
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