Judul: Kuantifikasi Emisi Metana dari TPA Galuga Cibungbulang Bogor Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Landfill site is one of significant source of methane emissions into the atmosphere. In Indonesia, the quantification of methane emissions from a landfill has not done yet a lot. The purpose of this study is to estimate methane emissions from a landfill in Galuga Cibungbulang, Bogor District, West Java, and its potential as an alternative energy resource. Emissions data which obtained can be used as the material analysis for making construction of the landfill gas treatment system. The approach in this quantification is done in two ways, namely prediction with LandGEM-v302 software and field measurement by flux chamber. The results of simulation LandGEM-v302 are 45.02 Gg total landfill gas emissions per year which consist of CH4 at 12.03 Gg/year, CO2 by 33 Gg/year, and NMOC (Non-Methane Organic Compound) equal to 516.9 Mg/year. The result of field measurement on the landfill surface by the flux chamber as an actual emission is 368.9 Mg CH4 emissions per year. The differences of landfill surface characteristics are greatly affect landfill gas emissions that released into the atmosphere. Humidity conditions or moisture content in the landfill also affect the rate of methane emission. Utilization of methane gas from landfill Galuga into fuel energy power plants are financially able to generate revenue. The potential waste in landfill Galuga contained about 3.1 million tonnes is estimated to generate 2.5 MW of electricity from methane gas treatment with a potential revenue reached to IDR 9.1 billion/year.
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Judul: The Potential Greenhouse Gas Emission from Galuga Landfill and Financial Feasibility of Refuse Derived Fuel Technology
Abstrak: Sejumlah kota menghadapi masalah serius akibat peningkatan volume sampah, keterbatasan daya tampung Tempat Pemrosesan Akhir (TPA), dan sistem pengeloaan sampah di TPA yang belum optimal. Timbulan sampah yang terus meningkat menyebabkan penumpukan sampah di TPA, berpotensi menyebabkan overcapacity, serta meningkatkan emisi gas rumah kaca (GRK). Sektor pengelolaan limbah berkontribusi terhadap peningkatan emisi GRK melalui sampah yang tidak terolah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi timbulan sampah Kota Bogor dan sampah yang masuk ke TPA Galuga, potensi emisi GRK yang dihasilkan dari TPA Galuga hingga tahun 2030, serta menganalisis kelayakan finansial rencana penerapan teknologi RDF yang dapat mereduksi jumlah sampah yang harus di landfill TPA Galuga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi timbulan sampah dan mengestimasi jumlah sampah Kota Bogor yang masuk ke TPA Galuga hingga tahun 2030, Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Vol.5 (Waste) untuk mengestimasi potensi emisi GRK TPA Galuga, serta analisis kelayakan finansial untuk mengetahui kelayakan penerapan teknologi RDF. Hasil penelitian menunjukan jumlah sampah yang masuk ke TPA Galuga tahun 2022 sebesar 195.787,10 ton dan meningkat 2,43% pada tahun 2030 menjadi 200.544,26 ton. Potensi emisi GRK dari timbulan sampah TPA Galuga berkisar 109 kt CO2e pada tahun 2030, turun 29,48% dari tahun 2022. Rencana penerapan tekonologi RDF layak dijalankan secara finansial karena memenuhi kriteria kelayakan NPV, IRR, B/C Ratio, dan Payback Period., Many cities are facing serious problems due to increasing volume of waste, limited capacity of Final Processing Site (TPA), and waste management system at landfill that has not been optimal. The ever-increasing waste generation causes the accumulation of waste in landfills, which has the potential to cause overcapacity, as well as increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. The waste management sector contributes to an increase in GHG emissions through untreated waste. This study aims to estimate Bogor City's waste generation and waste that goes to the Galuga landfill, the potential for GHG emissions generated from the Galuga landfill until 2030, as well as analyze the financial feasibility of Refuse Derived Fuel (RDF) technology implementation plan that can reduce the amount of waste that must be disposed of Galuga Landfill. This research employs three methods i.e., 1) multiple Linear Regression (MLR) to determine the factors that influence waste generation and estimate the accumulated municipality waste in Galuga landfill by 2030, 2) the IPCC guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories Volume 5 to estimate the potential GHG emission, and 3) financial feasibility analysis to assess the feasibility of RDF technology implemention. The results show that the amount of waste that goes to the Galuga TPA in 2022 is 195,787.10 tons and increases by 2.43% in 2030 to 200,544.26 tons. The potential for GHG emissions from the Galuga TPA waste generation is around 109 kt CO2e in 2030, decreases 29,48% from 2022. The plan to implement RDF technology is financially feasible because it meets the eligibility criteria for NPV, IRR, B/C Ratio, and Payback Period.
Keyword: emisi CH4, IPCC, multiple linear regression, perubahan iklim, sampah perkotaan, CH4 emission, climate change, municipal solid waste

Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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