Judul: Sistem Pakar Diagnosa Kolik Pada Kuda Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy
Abstrak: Colic is a term used to describe various kinds of abdominal discomfort, caused by a variety of reasons ranging from gut hooked up to the entrolit due to worm infestation. Signs of colic vary according to the severity of certain conditions. Very few horses show all the signs at one time. This research propose an expert system for colic diagnosis of horse using fuzzy logic. Colic is identified by heart rate, gut sound, gastric reflux and old incident of colic. This research designed an expert system to determine what type of colic and focus on three types of colic : impaction, tympani and twisted gut. This system is built using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) with four fuzzy parameters : heart rate, gut sound, gastric reflux and old incident of colic. Rules as knowledge base had been built with 36 rules for each colic. Mamdani method is used as inference process. System gives the type of colic as output. The type of colic also divides into six categories : support tympani, very supportive tympani, support twisted gut, very supportive twisted gut, support impaction, very supportive impaction. Based on verification, system can produce levels of accuracy around 89,89 %, the experimental result shows that fuzzy logic can be used to detect colic. To be used in real condition, this system still develope further, for example by adding other factors as parameters, such as anamnesa or examination of vital signs in horses.
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Judul: The Relation Between Colic Incidents With Colic Risk Factors In Horses (Case Study At Several Stable In Bogor And Tangerang Iu The Period Of January 2000 - April 2001).
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to show the relation between horse colic incidents with the colic risk factors at several stables in Bogor and Tangerang. Population taken in this study was 201 horses. Direct investigation, interview and medical records were couected from each stable and lIsed for describing the relation between colic incidence rate and colic risk factors in horses, which presented in descriptive way. This study showed that concentrates feeding frequency, daily activity, rasping frequency, history of previous colic, sex and age were related to horse colic incident at Arthayasa Stable, lAvima Turangga Equestrian, Jakarta Polo and Equestrian Dub and Pamulang Stable. The other risk such as duration of pasturement and dewormingfrequency were not related.
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Judul: Application of phycocyanin from microalgae Spirulina platensis as light harvesting in anatase TiO2 nanoparticle solar cell.
Abstrak: The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been assemblied used hybrid titanium oxide (TiO2) film/phycocyanin. The TiO2 film was synthesized by sol gel method with titanium chlorida (TiCl4) as precursor by hydrolysis used sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Furthermore, it calcinated for 2,5 hours in variation of annealing temperature (400oC, 600oC, 800oC, dan 1000oC). In XRD patterns exhibited which annealing temperature at 400oC to 800oC were anatase phase all. When annealed at temperature 1000oC, it caused phase transformation from anatase to rutile. The crystals size according to XRD patterns were 13,75 nm, 20,79 nm, 25,25 nm, 48,88 nm and particle size from SEM images were 43,06 nm, 44,91 nm dan 64,99 nm, 80,40 nm, respectively. The crystals and particle size increased with annealing temperature. The film thickness influenced material absorption. The optical measurement of TiO2 film and TiO2/phycocyanin hybrid film used UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Additional phycocyanin caused peak width of absorbed region from ultraviolet to visible region. The band gap energy of TiO2 can be calculated using the cut off wavelength obtained from the absorbance spectrum of a nanoparticles TiO2 films. Based on intersection between linear and energy (hv) axis. In this study just limited for anatase phase. It was caused anatase band gap is wider than rutile phase. That’s meaningful for solar cell application such as dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The absorption coefficient average at difference annealing temperature such as at 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 8,1600x102, 1,7535x103 and 4,0154x102, where α < 104 include to direct transition. Band gap energy 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 3,79 eV, 3,59 eV, and 3,35 eV, respectively. Based on this result, exhibition that band gap energy of TiO2 semiconductor film decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Spirulina platensis was cultivated in technical modification (Hastuti) with aeration under light intensity about 3000 lux. The cell density (stationer phase) for eighth day which OD value was more than 0,5. It means, the culture can be harvested. In 80 liters Spirulina platensis culture have been produced biomass dry about 10,46 gram and extracted phycocyanin in dry powders was 5,50 gram. The phycocyanin absorption spectrum at the wavelength of 619,36 nm (visible region) which had relaxation energy was 2,945 eV. The emission peak at the wavelength of 708,55 nm with relaxation energy about 2,793 eV. The Stokes shift based on difference energy absorption and emission calculated about 0,152 eV. Both of this showed phycocyanin can absorbed and radiated the sun light which received. This choice characteristic pigment was a good one related to sensitizer in solar cell application. Integration between light harvesting protein and TiO2 semiconductor surface had important role in improving of output as solar cell materials. The presence of carboxylate group (-COOH) made pigment be more efficient was due to anchored to the surface of TiO2 ampoter. The phycocyanin pigment had carboxylate group which reacted with TiO2 surface formed ester. The carboxylate group increased of dye electronics couple from excited state (p anti bonding orbital) to semiconductor acceptor state (TiO2 conduction band). The samples which made based on annealing temperature variation formed be solar cell respectively. Furthermore, cells be assembled for
Keyword: anatase, dye sensitized solar cell, efficiency, gap energy, phycocyanin