Judul: Pengaruh Penggunaan Wheat Bran yang Difermentasi Aspergillus niger terhadap Nilai Energi Metabolis Ransum Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Wheat bran (WB) is a by product of wheat processing industry which is potential as poultry feed ingredient. The problem of using wheat bran as poultry feed was relatively low in available energy and protein, due to high of crude fiber. It necessary to ferment the wheat bran to increase the nutrients availability. The objective of this study was to determine the metabolizable energy of broiler diets contained fermented wheat bran (WBF). The treatment diets were R0 (diet without WB or WBF), R1 (diet contained 15% of WB), R2 (diet contained 15% of WBF), R3 (diet contained 20% of WBF), R4 (diet contained 25% of WBF), and R5 (diet contained 30% of WBF). The diets contained 3150 kcal/kg ME and 20% crude protein according to Leeson and Summers (2005). This research used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replications, was used 30 broilers aged 35 days, 24 broilers were fed the test diets and 6 broilers tasted to measure endogenous energy. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested using orthogonal contrast test toward significantly different data. The research results indicated that the energy consumption and energy excretion was not significantly affected due to the treatments. The treatments significantly decreased (P<0,01) the metabolizable energy (AME, AMEn, TME, TMEn) of 12.04%; 16.71%; 25.33%; 23.89%; and 24.89% compared with control. It is concluded that the usage of unfermented or fermented wheat bran 15-30% decreased the metabolizable energy of broiler diets
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Judul: Perubahan Kandungan Nutrient Wheat Bran yang Difermentasi Menggunakan Level Starter Aspergillus niger yang Berbeda.
Abstrak: Wheat bran is a product that resulted with amount of 13% from wheat hulling processing into flour and have still in good nutrient content. Commonly, the utilization of wheat bran is limited, i.e. for a filler material of the bread and feed for ruminants or horses. For the poultry, especially broiler, wheat bran utilization is limited, because of high in its crude fiber. Therefore, required the processing technology to improved its utilization on poultry rations. Fermentation is one of the biological process by using the enzyme that it is produced by microbe. The objective of this experiment its to evaluate changing of nutrient content of wheat bran fermented using different level of Aspergillus niger. The research was carryout at Laboratory of Feed Science and Technology, Animal Science Faculty, Bogor Agricultural University, from May to June 2012. The materials that were utilized wheat bran and Aspergillus niger. The treatments were R0 (without addition of Aspergillus niger), R1 (with addition of 0.2% Aspergillus niger), R2 (with addition of 0.4% Aspergillus niger), and R3 (with addition of 0.6% Aspergillus niger). The experiment of design utilized Complete Randomized Design (CRD) by four treatments and four replications. The measured variables were the alteration of dry materials, ash, crude fiber, crude protein and crude fat. The data analyzed by ANOVA and followed by orthogonal contrast test (Steel and Torrie, 1997). The results showed that Aspergillus niger fermentation significantly (P <0.01) decreased dry matter, crude fat and NFE. However, significantly (P <0.05) increased ash, crude protein and crude fiber content. The used of Aspergillus niger starter with amount of 0.2% more efficient and economical because of the result were not significantly different with 0.4 and 0.6%.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular