Judul: Effect of Priming Techniques on Seed Quality of Maize (Zea mays L.)
Abstrak: Benih bermutu rendah akan menghasilkan pertanaman yang tidak seragam dan persentase tumbuh rendah. Upaya meningkatkan mutu benih dapat dilakukan dengan priming. Ada berbagai teknik priming benih yaitu hydropriming, halopriming, dan osmopriming. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan teknik priming yang paling efektif dalam meningkatkan mutu benih jagung. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu lot benih dan teknik priming. Faktor lot benih terdiri atas lot benih jagung hibrida varietas BISI 959 yang berbeda tanggal akhir masa edar yaitu 7 April 2021 (lot benih A) dan 10 Februari 2022 (lot benih B). Faktor teknik priming terdiri atas tujuh taraf, yaitu kontrol (P0), aquades non-aerator (P1), aquades aerator (P2), 1% KNO3 non aerator (P3), 1% KNO3 aerator (P4), – 0.4 MPa PEG 6000 non aerator (P5), dan – 0.4 MPa PEG 6000 aerator (P6). Perendaman benih untuk perlakuan P1, P2, P3, dan P4 dilakukan selama 24 jam pada suhu 18-20°C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua perlakuan priming meningkatkan daya berkecambah pada kedua lot benih, nilai tertinggi pada perlakuan osmopriming PEG 6000 aerator dan hydropriming (aquades) aerator. Semua teknik priming, kecuali perlakuan KNO3, meningkatkan vigor lot benih B, sedangkan pada lot benih A hanya perlakuan aquades aerator/non aerator yang efektif., Low-quality seeds will result in non-uniform plantings and low growth percentages. Efforts to improve seed quality can be done by seed priming. There are various seed priming techniques including hydropriming, halopriming, and osmopriming. This study's objective was to obtain the most effective priming technique for improving the quality of maize seeds. The experiment was arranged in a two-factor randomized complete block design. The seed lot factor consisted of two seed lots of maize seeds cv. BISI 959 with different expired dates of 7 April 2021 (lot A) and 10 February 2022 (lot B). The priming treatment factor consisted of seven levels, namely control (P0), aquadest non-aerator (P1), aquadest aerator (P2), 1% KNO3 non-aerator (P3), 1% KNO3 aerator (P4), – 0.4 MPa PEG 6000 non-aerator (P5), and – 0.4 MPa PEG 6000 aerator (P6). Soaking the seeds for treatments P1, P2, P3, and P4 was carried out for 24 hours at 18-20°C. The results showed that all seed priming treatments increased germination percentages in both seed lots, the highest value being the osmopriming PEG 6000 aerator and the hydropriming (aquadest) aerator treatments. All priming techniques, except the KNO3 treatment, increased seed vigor of lot B, while in seed lot A only hydropriming (aquadest) either with or without aerator was effective.
Keyword: aeration, hydropriming, osmopriming, seed lot, seed vigor

Judul: The Utilization of Ultrafine Bubbles (UFB) Water for Priming of Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) Seeds
Abstrak: Priming adalah teknik hidrasi-dehidrasi benih untuk meningkatkan proses metabolisme sebelum perkecambahan untuk mempercepat perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan bibit dalam kondisi normal dan stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan UFB water sebagai upaya meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih sebelum tanam dan selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Pengujian mutu benih IPB, Indonesia. Penelitian terdiri dari dua percobaan yaitu priming UFB water untuk meningkatkan viabilitas dan vigor benih buncis serta daya simpannya setelah priming. Priming menggunakan aquades, UFB water 8 ppm yaitu menggunakan oksigen dari ruangan dan UFB water 20 ppm menggunakan injeksi oksigen murni. Percobaan pertama disusun menggunakan (RAL) Rancangan acak lengkap dengan kombinasi perlakuan lot benih (L1: persentase daya berkecambah (DB) awal sekitar 80%, L2: DB awal sekitar 70%, dan L3: DB awal sekitar 60%) dengan priming (P0: tanpa priming/kontrol, P1: direndam aquades selama 60 menit, P2: aquades selama 120 menit, P3: UFB water 8 ppm selama 60 menit, P4: UFB water 8 ppm selama 120 menit, P5: UFB water 20 ppm selama 60 menit, P6: UFB water 20 ppm selama 120 menit). Percobaan kedua disusun menggunakan nested dengan faktor utama adalah kondisi ruang penyimpanan dan priming sebagai faktor kedua tersarang pada faktor utama. Faktor kondisi ruang penyimpanan terdiri dari KM: ruang kamar (suhu 28±5˚C, RH 73±7%) dan AC: ruang ber-AC (18±2 C, RH 61±7%). Faktor priming terdiri dari dua taraf yaitu P0: tanpa priming dan P1: priming dengan UFB water 20 ppm selama 120 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan priming dengan UFB water 20 ppm selama 120 menit sebagai perlakuan pra tanam dapat meningkatkan viabilitas benih buncis, khususnya benih dengan viabilitas awal rendah, dan benih buncis dengan viabilitas awal sekitar 80% tidak bisa dipertahankan viabilitasnya selama 16 minggu penyimpanan di ruang ber-AC maupun ruang kamar, kemungkinan dikarenakan kadar air benih sebelum simpan yang masih tinggi., Priming is a seed hydration-dehydration technique of seed to improve metabolic processes before germination to accelerate germination, seedling growth under normal and stress conditions. This research is aimed to study the pretreatment using UFB water as an effort to increase viability and vigor of seeds before planting (pre-planting) and during storage (pre-storage). This research was conducted at the Laboratory of seed quality testing, IPB University, Indonesia. The research consisted of two experiments, i.e., UFB water priming to increase viability and vigor of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds and its storability after priming. Priming uses aquadest, UFB water 8 ppm which uses oxygen from the room and UFB water 20 ppm uses pure oxygen injection. The first experiment was arranged using a completely randomized design with a combination of seed lot treatments (L1: initial germination percentage (GP) about 80%, L2: initial GP around 70%, and L3: initial GP around 60%) with priming (P0: no priming/control, P1: soaked in distilled water for 60 minutes, P2: distilled water for 120 minutes, P3: UFB water 8 ppm for 60 minutes, P4: UFB water 8 ppm for 120 minutes, P5: UFB water 20 ppm for 60 minutes, P6: UFB water 20 ppm for 120 minutes). The second experiment was arranged using a nested design with the main factor being the condition of
Keyword: air-conditioned room, room conditions, seed storability, viability, vigor

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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