Judul: Emisi Karbon Dioksida Dari Tanaman Kelapa Sawit Pada Lahan Gambut Di Sumatra
Abstrak: Peatlands are formed by decomposed plants residues, with vegetation that are submerged. The process of peat formation occurs when the rate of deposition exceeds the rate of loss of organic materials. Peatlands in the world only 3% of the entire land, but store 30% of the world terrestrial carbon. Indonesia is estimated to have the largest amount of carbon in tropical peat of 57,4 Gt. Over the past 20 years, peatlands have been converted for agriculture. Oil palm plantations in Indonesia are mostly developed on peat soil. In 1990, the area of oil palm on peat land in Sumatra was 17.985 hectares, and substantially increased up to 1.026.922 hectares in 2010. The development of oil palm on peatland involve drainage that can disturb the capacity of peatlands in storing carbon. This literature study aims to assess the effect of drainage on carbon dioxide emissions of oil palm plantations on peatlands in Sumatera. Drainage of peatlands lead to an increase in carbon dioxide emissions. Separation processes in carbon dioxide emissions shows the contribution of peat decomposition, root respiration, plant biomass and fires for land clearing. Heterotrophic respiration (decomposition of peat) contributes 73% of the total soil respiration and the remaining 27% is from autotrophic respiration (root respiration).
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Judul: Pengaruh waktu dan titik pengukuran terhadap emisi Karbondioksida dan Metan di lahan gambut kebun Kelapa Sawit PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Labuhan Batu, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: The conversion of forest to estate plantation takes into account by the world because of the high potential of greenhouse gases emission such as CO2 and CH4. This is due to the opening of oil palm plantation widely and the developed of plant forest which is planned by the Indonesian Government in both mineral soil and peatland. The objectives of this research were to (1) measure and examine the flux and emission of green house gases (CO2 and CH4) at the certain ages of the oil palm (TBM, TM 6, TM 12, and TM 18), (2) examine the effect of the distance from drainage and time measurement on greenhouse emission in oil palm plantation at the certain ages (TBM, TM 6, TM 12, and TM 18). This research was conducted at the peatland of oil palm plantation in Panai Jaya and Meranti Paham, PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Labuhan Batu, North Sumatera in 2008-2009. The measurement was conducted in the morning and afternoon which was begun by choosing the location based on the distance of 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m from drainage ditch. The gases were sampled under the auspices of the plant, the and of the plant canopy, and the sidelines between plant by using the closed chamber and analyzed by using Micro GC CP 4900 for each plot. Randomized complete block design was applied to identify the effect on emissions. The highest emission of CO2 occured in TM 18 (45.45 tons/ha/year) and then TM 12 (43 tons/ha/year), TBM (41.79 tons/ha/year) and the lowest was in TM 6 (38.52 tons/ha/year). The emission of CH4 decreased with increament of the depth of water table. The highest emission of CH4 was 7.70 tons/ha/year (TM 12) and followed 5.72 tons/ha/year (TBM), 5.59 tons/ha/year (TM 6) and lowest was 5.50 tons/ha/year (TM 18). In general, emission of CO2 increased with further distance from drainage ditch, but there was found that CO2 emission was not affected by the distance of drainage ditch. In line with the effect of time, emission of CO2 in the afternoon is higher than in the morning because of the increasing of temperature, but it was found the opposite which CO2 was not affected by temperature. Analysis of variance showed that CO2 emission was not significantly affected by the distance from drainage ditch and time measurement.
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Judul: Pengujian Virus Newcastle Disease Gen VII Isolat Lapang Sebagai Virus Standar Pada Uji Tantang Vaksin
Abstrak: This study was conducted to determine the standard of Newcastle disease virus Gene VII field isolate as a virus challenge to vaccine test. A virus suspension that has previously been tested by HA test then titrated with EID50 using 30 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) of 10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. In addition, chicken lethal dose50 (CLD50) test were used to determine the virus titer that could cause 50% death of the chicken population. The CLD50 test was used 25 day-old-chickens (DOC) divided into 5 groups. The virus was diluted from 10-1 to 10-8. The 104 to 10-8 dilution of NDV was infected to every group of chicken via eyedrop and intranasal with 0.1 ml/chicken dosage. Haemagglutination test showed that the allantoic fluid were contain high titers of NDV is 512 HAU. The infective NDV that had been titrated by EID50 test showed the virus titers is 109 EID50/0.1 ml or 1010 EID50/ml and the virus titers of CLD50 test e.i 106.48 CLD50/0.1 ml or 107.48 CLD50/ml. These results can be concluded that the NDV Gene VII field isolates were most appropriate to be used as a standard virus to vaccine test
Keyword: Newcastle Disease Virus Gene VII, HA tes, EID50 test, CLD50 test