Judul: Land Cover Changes from 2018 to 2023 in  North Kaur Subdistrict, Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province Using Sentinel-2
Abstrak: Perubahan tutupan lahan dapat disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia atau faktor alam. Pertambahan populasi penduduk dan meningkatnya kebutuhan lahan menjadi penyebab perubahan tutupan lahan di Kecamatan Kaur Utara, Kabupaten Kaur, Provinsi Bengkulu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan dan dinamika tutupan lahan di Kecamatan Kaur Utara tahun 2018-2023 menggunakan citra Sentinel-2. Metode interpretasi tutupan lahan dilakukan secara visual dengan cara on-screen digitization. Pada areal penggunaan lain terdapat 8 kelas tutupan lahan yaitu badan air, hutan lahan kering sekunder, kebun campuran, lahan terbangun, lahan terbuka, kebun sawit dan karet, sawah, dan semak belukar. Pada kawasan hutan terdapat 5 kelas tutupan lahan yaitu badan air, hutan lahan kering sekunder, kebun campuran, lahan terbuka, dan semak belukar. Masing-masing kelas tutupan lahan pada areal penggunaan lain dan kawasan hutan mengalami perubahan. Peningkatan luas tutupan lahan paling tinggi pada areal penggunaan lain terjadi pada kebun sawit dan karet sebesar 208,4 ha, sedangkan penurunan luas tertinggi terjadi pada hutan lahan kering sekunder sebesar 199,5 ha. Pada kawasan hutan, tutupan lahan kebun campuran mengalami peningkatan seluas 147,1 ha. Selain itu, hutan lahan kering sekunder, semak belukar dan lahan terbuka mengalami penurunan yaitu masing-masing seluas 11,9 ha, 39,7 ha dan 96,3 ha. Kata kunci: Kaur Utara, perubahan tutupan lahan, Sentinel-2, Land cover changes can be caused by human activities or natural factors. The increase in population and the growing demand for land are the reasons for the changes in land cover in North Kaur District, Kaur Regency, Bengkulu Province. This research aims to analyze the changes and dynamics of land cover in North Kaur District from 2018 to 2023 using Sentinel-2 images. The method of land cover interpretation was carried out visually through on-screen digitization. In other land use areas, there are 8 land cover classes, namely water bodies, secondary dryland forests, mixed gardens, built-up areas, open land, oil palm and rubber plantations, rice fields, and shrubland. In forest areas, there are 5 land cover classes, including water bodies, secondary dryland forests, mixed gardens, open land, and shrubland. Each land cover class in other land use areas and forest areas undergoes changes. The highest increase in land cover area in other land use areas occurred in oil palm and rubber plantations, totaling 208.4 hectares, while the highest decrease in area occurred in secondary dryland forests, amounting to 199.5 hectares. In forest areas, the land cover of mixed gardens increased by 147.1 hectares. Additionally, secondary dryland forests, shrubland, and open land in the forest areas experienced decreases of 11.9 hectares, 39.7 hectares, and 96.3 hectares, respectively. Keywords: North Kaur, land cover changes, Sentinel-2.
Keyword: North Kaur, land cover changes, Sentinel-2

Judul: Land Using Sentinel-2 Imagery in Sukamakmur District, Bogor Regency from 2018-2023
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan penduduk yang pesat mengakibatkan tingkat kebutuhan masyarakat terhadap lahan semakin meningkat sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya perubahan tutupan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Bogor menggunakan Citra Sentinel-2 tahun 2018–2023. Terdapat 9 kelas tutupan lahan yaitu hutan, sawah, kebun campuran, pertanian lahan kering, pemukiman, lahan terbuka tanah, semak, sungai, dan danau. Kelas tutupan lahan yang mengalami peningkatan adalah tutupan lahan hutan (83,40 ha), pertanian lahan kering (48,94 ha), sawah (6,35 ha), dan permukiman (1,08 ha). Sedangkan kelas tutupan lahan yang mengalami penurunan adalah kelas tutupan lahan semak belukar (80,97 ha), lahan terbuka (40,01 ha), dan perkebunan campuran (18,79 ha). Perubahan tutupan lahan yang terjadi di Kecamatan Sukamakmur Kabupaten Bogor menunjukkan sebesar 73,86% mengalami perubahan ke arah positif dan 26,14% mengalami perubahan ke arah negatif. Perubahan ke arah positif yang lebih besar menunjukkan bahwa cadangan karbon di Kecamatan Sukamakmur semakin meningkat sehingga tanaman mampu menyerap CO2 dari atmosfer lebih banyak dan menyimpannya dalam bentuk biomassa tanaman., Rapid population growth results in the level of people's need for land increasing, causing changes in land cover. This research aims to identify and analyze changes in land cover in Sukamakmur District, Bogor Regency using Sentinel-2 Imagery in 2018–2023. There are 9 land cover classes, namely forest, rice fields, mixed gardens, dry land agriculture, settlements, open land, bushes, rivers, and lakes. The land cover classes that experienced an increase were forest land cover (83.40 ha), dry land agriculture (48.94 ha), rice fields (6.35 ha), and settlements (1.08 ha). Meanwhile, the land cover classes that experienced a decline were the land cover classes of shrubs (80.97 ha), open land (40.01 ha), and mixed plantations (18.79 ha). Land cover changes that occurred in Sukamakmur District, Bogor Regency showed that 73.86% experienced changes in a positive direction and 26.14% experienced changes in a negative direction. Changes in a greater positive direction indicate that carbon reserves in Sukamakmur District have increased so that plants are able to absorb more CO2 from the atmosphere and store it in the form of plant biomass.
Keyword: tutupan lahan, sentinel-2, Sukamakmur

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
Keyword: