Judul: Pemanfaatan Nanokalsium dan Nanokitosan dari Limbah Cangkang Kepiting (Scylla sp.) sebagai Obat Kumur
Abstrak: Nanokalsium merupakan kalsium yang memiliki ukuran mencapai 10-9 m dan lebih cepat terserap ke dalam tubuh yang diperoleh dari limbah cangkang kepiting (Scylla sp.). Salah satu terobosan terbaru adalah menjadikan nanokalsium pada obat kumur yang ditambah nanokitosan untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri di dalam mulut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis nanokalsium, menentukan efektivitas nanokitosan dalam mengurangi aktivitas bakteri di dalam mulut dan membandingkan hasil obat kumur dengan produk komersial. Penelitian dilakukan beberapa tahap, yaitu ekstraksi nanokalsium, pengujian mineral dengan AAS, pengujian PSA, dan Mikrobiologi dengan TPC. Hasil kadar air nanokalsium menunjukkan hasil rataan 11,63%. Hasil uji total mineral pada Ca sebesar 796444,9±841,9 ppm. Nilai derajat putih nanokalsium mencapai 96,8%. Analisis SEM nanokalsium memiliki ukuran 134-156,34 nm. Ukuran nanokitosan pada analisis PSA sebesar 401,46 nm. Hasil terbaik uji total plate count (TPC) pada konsentrasi 0,5%.
Keyword: cangkang kepiting, kitosan, mouthwash, nanokalsium, scylla sp

Judul: Aplikasi Nanokalsium Cangkang Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) untuk Mempertahankan Kekuatan Gigi.
Abstrak: Udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu produk perikanan unggulan sektor perikanan. Tingginya permintaan udang vannamei menghasilkan limbah cangkang yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Limbah cangkang udang vannamei mengandung kalsium yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memepertahankan kekuatan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat dan menganalisis karakteristik nanokalsium dari cangkang udang vannamei serta menentukan efektivitas nanokalsium yang ditambahkan pada obat kumur komersil terhadap kekuatan gigi. Penelitian meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu analisis bahan baku dan pembuatan nanokalsium, analisis karakteristik nanokalsium, dan analisis in vitro. Cangkang udang vannamei memiliki kadar air 11,31%; kadar protein 39,89%; kadar abu 21%; kadar lemak 0,14%; dan kadar karbohidrat 27,67%. Nanokalsium cangkang udang vannamei memiliki rendemen 16,12%; derajat keasaman 7,9; derajat putih 99,64%; kadar air 0,75%; kadar abu 75,08%; dan kalsium 67,36%. Ukuran diameter partikel nanokalsium adalah 32,66-124,9 nm. Hasil analisis in vitro menunjukkan penambahan nanokalsium 1% dan 3 % ke dalam obat kumur belum memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kekuatan gigi.
Keyword: kekuatan gigi, Litopenaeus vannamei, nanokalsium

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite