Judul: Effect of Java Ginseng (Talinum paniculatum) Infusion on Mice (Mus musculus) Muscle Endurance in the Swimming Test Model
Abstrak: Peningkatan perilaku sedenter dalam masyarakat menyebabkan penurunan ketahanan otot. Ginseng jawa (Talinum paniculatum) berpotensi meningkatkan ketahanan otot karena memiliki kandungan ginsenosida. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas dan dosis efektif infusa ginseng jawa untuk meningkatkan ketahanan otot dengan menggunakan mencit sebagai hewan model. Sebanyak 25 ekor mencit jantan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yakni 1) kelompok mencit yang diberi 53 μL akuades tanpa pemberian infusa akar ginseng jawa sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif; 2) kelompok mencit yang diberi infusa akar ginseng jawa dengan dosis 0,05 g/kg BB; 3) kelompok mencit yang diberi infusa akar ginseng jawa dengan dosis 0,1 g/kg BB; 4) kelompok mencit yang diberi infusa akar ginseng jawa dengan dosis 0,3 g/kg BB; dan 5) kontrol positif yang diberi taurin dengan dosis 1,3 mg/kg BB. Pengujian dilakukan dengan uji ketahanan berenang sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan dengan interval 6 jam setelah 7 hari perlakuan. Parameter yang diamati mencakup durasi renang, suhu tubuh, frekuensi napas, dan frekuensi denyut jantung. Analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam (ANOVA) satu arah kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian infusa ginseng jawa paling efektif meningkatkan durasi renang pada dosis 0,3 g/kg BB dengan perbandingan lurus antara durasi renang dan dosis pemberian infusa ginseng jawa., Increases in sedentary behavior decreases muscle endurance. Java ginseng (Talinum paniculatum) may improve muscle endurance with its ginsenoside content. This study aims to test the effectiveness and effective dosage of java ginseng infusion in increasing muscle endurance in mice. A total of 25 male mice were divided into 5 groups of treatments i.e., 1) experimental mice administered with 53 μL distilled water without java ginseng infusion as a negative control, 2) experimental mice administered with java ginseng infusion at a dose of 0,05 g/kg BW; 3) experimental mice administered with java ginseng infusion at a dose of 0,1g/kg BW; 4) experimental mice administered with java ginseng infusion at a dose of 0,3 g/kg BW, and 5) experimental mice administered with taurine at a dose of 1,3 mg/kg BWas a positive control. The experiment was conducted using the forced swimming test, 3 repetitions with a 6-hour interval after 7 days of treatment. Parameters observed were swim duration, body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate. Data analysis was conducted using one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s post-hoc test. Results showed that treatment using java ginseng infusion most effectively increased swim duration with the 0,3 g/kg BW dose, positively correlated with dosage.
Keyword: ginseng jawa, infusa herbal, ketahanan otot, mencit, uji renang paksa

Judul: The Potential of Secang Wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) Infusion as a Body Stamina Stimulator in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat herbal telah dilakukan turun-temurun untuk menyembuhkan penyakit ataupun menjaga kebugaran tubuh. Salah satu pemanfaatan tumbuhan sebagai obat herbal adalah obat stimulator stamina. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas infusa kayu secang sebagai stimulator stamina dan pengaruhnya terhadap fisiologis tubuh. Uji stimulator stamina infusa kayu secang dilakukan pada 20 ekor mencit jantan dengan menggunakan metode swimming endurance. Mencit dikelompokkan menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan yakni satu kelompok kontrol negatif (perlakuan akuades), satu kelompok kontrol positif (perlakuan kafein 6,5 mg/kg BB), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan yang diberi infusa kayu secang dengan dosis masing-masing 1, 3, dan 5 g/kg BB. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji statistik t - Student dan uji non-parametrik Kruskal-wallis yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Dunn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infusa kayu secang efektif meningkatkan stamina pada dosis 1 g/kg BB dengan total kemampuan berenang sebesar 732 detik. Efek peningkatan stamina ini terbedakan secara signifikan pada menit ke-30 waktu pengamatan. Ketiga dosis infusa kayu secang meningkatkan ketahanan berenang mencit yang setara dengan mencit kontrol positif dan lebih tinggi secara nyata dari mencit kontrol negatif. Infusa kayu secang juga ditemukan tidak mempengaruhi fisiologis tubuh mencit secara signifikan yang ditunjukkan dengan suhu tubuh, frekuensi napas, dan frekuensi denyut jantung dalam rentang normal. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa kayu secang memiliki efek stimulator stamina pada mencit terutama pada dosis 1 g/kg BB. Kata kunci: fisiologi, infusa, kayu secang, stamina, The use of plants as an herbal medicine to cure disease or maintain body fitness has been carried out for generations. One of the uses of plants as herbal medicine is stamina stimulator. This study aimed to examine the potential of herbal medicine from sappan wood infusion as a stamina stimulator and its effect on body physiology. The stamina test was carried out on 20 male mice using the swimming endurance method. The mice were divided into 5 grouped, namely one group of a negative control group (aquadest treatment), one group of a positive control group (caffeine 6,5 mg/kg BW treatment), and three treatment groups that were given sappan wood infusion at a dose of 1, 3, or 5 g/kg BW respectively. The data were analyzed by using the t-Student test and Kruskal-Wallis continued with Dunn's test. The results showed that the sappan wood infusion effectively increased the stamina at a dose of 1 g/kg BW with a total swimming endurance of 732 seconds. This effect was significantly different at the 30th -minute observation. The three doses of sappan wood infusion increased the mice’s ability to swim which was equal to positive control mice and significantly higher than negative control mice. The secang wood infusion also did not affect the mice’s physiology as indicated by body temperature, respiratory rate, and heart rate in the normal range. Therefore, it was concluded that sappan wood infusion has a stamina stimulator effect in mice, especially at a dose of 1 g/kg BW. Keywords: infusion, physiology, sappan wood, stamina
Keyword: Infusion, Physiology, Sappan wood, Stamina

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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