Judul: Studi Distribusi Keuntungan dan Kelestarian Hutan Rakyat (Kasus di Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The existence of private forest give ecological and economical benefit to the society. Private forest also became the main resources for wood processing industries. The development of wood processing industries in Bogor is increasing day by day. This situation should be motivate the private forest farmers to develop their forest. Instead, the private wood production in Leuwiliang is decreasing every year due to the high rate of harvesting without balancing the replanting by the farmers. The empowerment of private forest in Kecamatan Leuwiliang still became a secondary job. The lack of market information and farmer knowledge on marketing the private woods added with low amount of capital affect the role of tengkulak became dominant. This situation affected the distribution of profit to the role player of private forest woods marketing not well spread. The low profit and undistributed uniformly may reduce the enthusiasm and motivation of private forest farmers. This will eventually affected the sustainable of private forest and the empowerment of private forest and also the supply of resources for wood processing industries. The purpose of this research is to find the potencies and the sustainable of private forest in Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Find the profit distribution from the organization that involve in private woods marketing, and to find the connection between profit distribution and the sustainable of private forest using the correlation analysis. The method that was used in this research was the Purposive Sampling. Data collection done by interview to respondent using questionnaire, and also through observation and literature study to collect secondary data. The average number of trees in sample village were 50 stem/ha that consist of 31 stem/ha Sengon and 28 stem/ha African woods. From all off sample village the number of Sengon tree and African tree relative small, this situation because the society prefer to plant Merahan variety that produces fruit like Durian, Kecapi, Jack fruit and etc. The structure conditions of private forest were shown by the diameter distribution, the number of trees on every farm owner and the harvest pattern. Sengon on the diameter 11 – 15 cm class were decreasing, while the largest number on the diameter 10 cm class. This was affected by the high rate of diameter 11-15 cm class logging. These conditions also happen to the African trees. The number of diameter < 10 cm class of Sengon and African compare with other diameter show that the society still done planting in their fields although they only depend on the natural reforestration. The marketing of private woods in Kecamatan Leuwiliang into the sawing industries could be divided into two main distribution channel that are channel through tengkulak and channel without tengkulak. The organization that spends larger cost will get a larger profit. The amount of profit received by the organization in order are sawing industries, tengkulak and private forest farmer. From the correlation analysis obtained correlation co efficiency number between benefit (X) and conservation (Y) is -0.346 this means the relation between two variable is reverse because the negative value, where the conservation number become higher so the distribution profit become
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Judul: Wood Marketing from Community Forests in Karacak Village, Leuwiliang Subdistrict, Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Kecamatan Leuwiliang memiliki potensi hutan rakyat yang cukup besar di Kabupaten Bogor, salah satunya adalah Desa Karacak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi pelaku yang terlibat dalam proses pemasaran kayu hutan rakyat, dan menjelaskan alur serta efisiensi pemasaran kayu dari hutan rakyat di Kecamatan Leuwiliang. Pengambilan data penelitian dilaksanakan pada Juni-Agustus 2022 dengan metode wawancara. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah margin pemasaran, farmer’s share, rasio keuntungan, dan efisiensi pemasaran. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua saluran pemasaran kayu dari hutan rakyat Kecamatan Leuwiliang. Pelaku pemasaran pada saluran pertama terdiri dari petani hutan rakyat dan industri sawmill, sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran kedua terdiri dari petani hutan rakyat, pedagang pengumpul, dan industri sawmill. Nilai margin dan farmer’s share pada saluran pemasaran pertama berturut turut sebesar 68,18% dan 31,82%; sedangkan pada saluran pemasaran kedua sebesar 82,64 % dan 17,36%. Rasio keuntungan K/B pemasaran hanya menguntungkan pada tingkat industri sawmill di kedua saluran pemasaran. Nilai efisiensi pemasaran pada saluran pemasaran pertama sebesar 50,17%; sedangkan saluran pemasaran kedua sebesar 70,42%. Kedua saluran pemasaran kayu hasil hutan rakyat memiliki nilai efisiensi pemasaran lebih dari 50% sehingga dikategorikan tidak memiliki efisiensi pemasaran yang baik., Leuwiliang Subdistrict has a significant potential for community forests in Bogor Regency, and one of these areas is karacak Village. The aim of this research was to identify the stakeholders involved in the marketing process of wood from community forests and explain the flow and efficiency of wood marketing from community forests in Leuwiliang Subdistrict. Data collection for this research was conducted from June to August 2022 using interview methods. The analysis employed in this study included marketing margin, farmer’s share, profit ratio, and marketing efficiency. The results of this research showed that two channel for marketing wood from community forests in Leuwiliang Subdistrict. The first channel involves community forest farmers and sawmill industries, while the second channel comprises community forest farmers, collecting traders, and sawmill industries. The margin and farmer’s share in the first marketing channel were 68.18% and 31.82%; respectively, while in the second marketing channel, they were 82.64% and 17.36%. The profit ratio (K/B) in marketing was only profitable at the sawmill industry level in both channels. The marketing efficiency in the first channel was 50.17%; whereas in the second channel, it was 70.42%. Both marketing channels for wood from community forests had a marketing efficiency values exceeding 50%, categorizing them as not having good marketing efficiency
Keyword: community forests, marketing channel, marketing efficiency, marketing stakeholders

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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