Judul: Persamaan Penduga Biomassa Pohon Jenis Nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum Koenig 1784) dalam Tegakan Mangrove Hutan Alam di Batu Ampar, Kalimantan Barat
Abstrak: In relation to global warming issues, forests function as CO2 absorber from the atmosphere and as biomass reservoir. Mangrove has twice productivity compared to primary forest and is estimated to have a good biomass sink and biomass reservoir ability. To estimate biomass amount in a forest, a non direct approach can be applied using allometric model and BEF method. The objective of this research is to build an allometric equation to estimate Nyirih biomass. This research was conducted in Nipah Panjang village, Batu Ampar for two weeks. The equation is made based a hypothesis that there is a strong correlation between tree parameters and biomass value of each tree sections. To meet the objective of this research, 30 tree samples were randomly chosen based on diameter representative. Afterwards, biomass was measured using destructive sampling method. Trunk section was measured using volume approach while other sections were measured using direct weighing method. Tree data collected in standing position included breast height diameter, total height and average height. Afterwards each tree section was separated and weigh. Water content data were obtained by taking samples from each section and tested for 11 repetitions. Biomass estimation model were built by analyzing the correlation of each biomass value with tree dimensions. A strong correlation among variables implies that these variables can consistently represent the tree biomass. Positive correlation between tree sections with its diameter was higher than with its total height. Correlations are then explained in regression equation. The best equation was obtained by testing four linier and non-linier regression equations. The best equation is that which has the lowest deviation (s) value, the highest determination coefficient (R2) value and the highest corrected determination coefficient (R2) value. Moreover, the equation had to have an estimation value that resembles actual biomass the most; fulfill remnant normality assumption and model additives. The result of the research showed that the highest value of biomass was found in trunk section which reached 52,5% of total tree biomass above land surface. Then it was followed by branch (26%), twig (15,5%) and leaf (6%). Research on Mahoni species by Adinugroho (2002) showed that trunk section reached 73% of total biomass. Thus, it can be concluded that Nyirih has a great amount of branching Based on the tested regression equations, the best alometric equation to estimate biomass value of each tree section were as follows: 􀂃 Trunk Biomass : Btrunk = 0,0813D2,28 􀂃 Branch Biomass: Bbranch = 0,0063D2,78 􀂃 Twig Biomass : Btwig = 0,1D1,79 􀂃 Leaf Biomass : Bleaf = 0,1076D1,51 􀂃 Total Biomass : Btotal = 0,1832D2,21 The BEF value of Nyirih was 1,806 for total biomass estimation based on direct measuring and 1,737 based on tree volume data. The increase of diameter size caused BEF value to decrease. Based on its high BEF value, it can be concluded that Nyirih has a great amount of branching.
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Judul: Persamaan Alometrik Biomassa dan Massa Karbon Akar Pohon Hutan Alam Tropika di Areal IUPHHK-HA PT. Suka Jaya Makmur, Kabupaten Ketapang, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat.
Abstrak: Main factor which is considered of global warming is increasing concertration of greenhouse gases (GHG) emissions in the atmosphere. Plants have the ability to absorb CO2 from the atmosphere into useful energy through the process of photosynthesis. This process produces the O2 and energy, and some of the energy stored in the form of biomass. Natural tropical forest is one of the forest type that can absorb CO2 well, so its potential to savings carbon. The goal of this research is to get the allometric equation and tree roots of biomass and carbon mass of natural tropical forest in IUPHHK-HA PT Suka Jaya Makmur areas. Selection of sample trees on each class has been done by a purposive sampling and carbon content analysis of sample materials are conducted in the laboratory of wood chemistry in the totally of forestry, IPB. The best equation of allometric was selected based on the highest R2(adj) and the smallest standard deviation (s). Allometric equation model of tree roots biomass allometric relationship with root diameter, trees highest, and biomass of roots of the tree above the ground are as follows : BA = 0,0162 D2,55, BA = 0,0398 D3,39 T-1,24, BA = 0,1510 BB1,14, BA = 0,9397 BC1,10, BA = 2,5351 BD1,11, BA = 0,0691 BT1,14. Allometric equation model of tree roots carbon mass with diameter, tree height and with carbon mass of tree above ground are as follows : CA = 0,0089 D2,58, CA = 0,0229 D3,47 T-1,31, C = 0,1545 CB1,08, CA = 0,9440 CC1,12, CA = 2,5704 CD1,14, CA = 0,0741 CT1,14. T-student test results of tree roots carbon mass equations of tree roots carbon mass with the mass carbon of parts of the tree above the ground, and equations of tree roots carbon mass with diameter and height of the tree, shows that the results are not different.
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Judul: Desain Instrumen Pengontrol Otomatis Pasteurisasi Susu
Abstrak: Pasteurisasi merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan ter- hadap susu segar sebelum disimpan pada suhu rendah atau langsung dikonsumsi. Caranya adalah dengan memanaskan sam- pai mencapai suhu minimal 62.8 atau 71.7 °C yang diperta- hankan tetap selama 1800 atau 15 detik. Kombinasi suhu dan waktu dapat dipilih sesuai dengan kemampuan alat. Makin tinggi suhu yang dipilih makin pendek waktunya. Melalui proses pasteurisasi, rasa dan aroma susu tidak berubah dan seluruh bakteri penyebab penyakit (bakteri pa- togen) musnah. Berdasarkan kombinasi suhu-waktu, pasterisasi susu di- bedakan atas tiga metoda, yaitu metoda waktu lama (long hold), temperatur tinggi waktu pendek (HTST) dan temperatur tinggi (UHT). Suhu pasteurisasi dengan metoda waktu lama minimal 62.8 °C yang dipertahankan tetap selama paling se- dikit 1800 detik. Sedang HTST suhu minimalnya adalah 71.7 °C dengan waktu 15 detik atau lebih lama. Pada UHT waktu yang diperlukan adalah dua detik atau lebih singkat dengan suhu 87.8 - 132.2 °C. Pemakaian kombinasi suhu-waktu yang melebih dari ke- tentuan minimalnya akan mempengaruhi rasa, aroma, komposisi ...
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