Judul: Identification of indonesian begomoviruses in tomato  and genetic diversity analysis of AV1 gene as well  its use for developing virus resistant plant
Abstrak: Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum, Mill) is one of the most important vegetables in Indonesia, both economically and nutritionally. Production, however, is severely hampered by a leaf curl disease caused by Tomato (yellow) leaf curl virus (TYLCV/ToLCV), one of members of the genus Begomovirus, the family Geminiviridae. Recently, there is no effectively way to control this disease. The use of resistant tomato plants is undoubtedly the best way to control Begomovirus. Genetic engineering technologies give the opportunity to develop transgenic tomatoes resistant to Begomovirus through pathogen derived resistance (PDR) approach. Begomovirus AV1 gene is a gene expressing coat protein which responsible for particle encapsidation and have a role in specivicity determinant of virus transmission and symptom developmment.
Keyword: genetic diversity, genetic transformation, transgenic plant, nicotiana tabaccum, PCR-RFLP Technique

Judul: Analisis Integrasi dan Ekspresi Gen Ketahanan terhadap Geminivirus (AV1) pada Tembakau Transgenik
Abstrak: Geminivirus infection in several vegetable crops such as tomato and chilli has caused leaf curl and yellowing disease. This disease has significantly impact on yield losses of vegetable production in Indonesia. Genetic engineering technology gives an oppurtunity to develop transgenic plant resistant to Geminivirus. Geminivirus AV1 gene expressing coat protein can be used to develop virus resistant plant. The objective of this research was to identify the integration and expression of AV1 gene in tobacco transgenic plant for resistance to Geminivirus. Analysis of AV1 gene integration was carried out by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique and AV1 gene specific primer as well as tobacco genomic DNA as template. Meanwhile, expression analysis of AV1 gene in transcriptional level was conducted by isolating total RNA, cDNA sintesis using reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-PCR) and amplification AV1 gene product with the cDNAs as a template. Result of this research showed that out of 60 tobacco plants generation T1 there are 36 plants containing AV1 gene and 18 plants of them showed resistant to Geminivirus. Analysis of AV1 gene expression on 6 selected plants showed that 4 plants expressed AV1 gene that indicated by PCR product from cDNA template.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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