Judul: Frugivor Flies on Chili Fruit in Various Regions of Java Island
Abstrak: Cabai merupakan salah satu komoditas pertanian hortikultura utama di Indonesia. Produktivitas cabai mengalami penurunan oleh adanya serangan serangga pemakan buah (Frugivor). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi lalat frugivor pada cabai di berbagai lokasi di Jawa. Terdapat 302 lalat frugivor yang keluar dari buah cabai, dengan komposisi Silba capsicarum (60.9%), Atherigona orientalis (22.9%), lalat Drosophilidae (10.2%), dan Bactrocera dorsalis (5.9%). Lalat S. capsicarum ditemukan di Banten dan Jawa Barat, tetapi tidak ditemukan di Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Parasitoid yang ditemukan dari buah terserang adalah Fopius arisanus dan Aganaspis daci., Chili is a major horticultural crop in Indonesia. Chili production is hampered by various insects attacking fruits. This study aimed to make an inventory of frugivorous flies of chilies in certain locations in Java. There were 302 frugivorous flies emerged from the infested chili fruit, with a composition of Silba capsicarum (60.9%), Atherigona orientalis (22.9%), a drosophilid (10.2%), and Bactrocera dorsalis (5.9%). S. capsicarum were found in Banten and West Java, but absent in Central Java and East Java. The parasitoids that emerged from infested fruits were Fopius arisanus and Aganaspis daci.
Keyword: Chili, flies, parasitoid

Judul: Keefektifan beberapa komponen pengendalian hama lalat buah pada tanaman cabai
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the resistance of five chili genotypes, the effectiveness of botanical insecticides, the effectiveness of mulches, and the effectiveness of trap crop, repellent crop, and fruitfly trap against the fruitfly (Bactrocera spp., Diptera: Tephritidae) on chili in the farmer field at Megamendung and Katulampa, Bogor, West Java. This research was done during three planting seasons since June 2010 until December 2011. In the first experiment, five chili genotypes were evaluated. In the second experiment, resistance and susceptible chili genotypes and the efficacy of insecticides were tested. In the third experiment, the treatments included the use of resistance chili genotype as a production crop, susceptible chili genotype as a trap crop, citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) as a repellent crop, insecticides application as in the second experiment, mulches, and the use of fruitfly trap with methyl eugenol attractant. In the laboratory, repellency of Piper retrofractum and Annona squamosa extract mixture, Cymbopogon nardus extract, spinosad (Tracer 120 SC), and imidacloprid (Confidor 5 WP) were tested using a Y-tube olfactometer. The results of this research showed that chili variety of Keriting 09 was resistant and SP Hot 77 was susceptible to fruitfly attack. Application of P. retrofractum and A. squamosa extract mixture, C. nardus extract, spinosad, and imidacloprid did not significantly affect fruitfly infestation. The use of rice straw and plastic mulch did not significantly affect fruitfly infestation. The use of trap crop, repellent crop, and fruitfly trap could decrease fruitfly attack on the main crop. Citronella grass was potential to be used as a repellent crop. The use of fruitfly trap caught two species of fruitflies, i.e. Bactrocera (B.) dorsalis complex and B.(B.) umbrosa. Based on identification in the laboratory, fruitflies that attacked chili in the field were B. (B.) carambolae and B. (B.) papayae, both belong to B. (B.) dorsalis complex. Natural enemy that attacked the fruitflies was a parasitoid wasp Opius sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Integrated pest management components that can be applied to control fruitflies on chili are the use of resistance chili genotype as a production crop, susceptible chili genotype as a trap crop, citronella grass as a repellent crop, fruitfly trap with methyl eugenol attractant, and natural enemy conservation.
Keyword: 

Judul: Numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring in front of impermeable breakwater with different steepnesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters. A two-dimensional hydrodynamics model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed and then combined with an empirical sediment transport model. Comparisons with an analytical solution and experimental data showed the present model is very accurate in predicting the near bottom velocity and capable of simulating the scour/deposition patterns consistent with experimental data. It was found that the additional terms of bottom shear stress in the momentum equations are necessary to produce a physical scouring pattern. Different breakwater steepnesses produce different characteristics of standing wave, the steady streaming system, and scouring pattern in front of the breakwaters, which also affects the correlations between them. An additional analysis of the turbulence field parameters and the sediment transport rate was also performed. All these important information will be presented in details in this paper and can be worthwhile for designing the breakwater in coastal areas.
Keyword: The RANS–VOF model Standingwave Steadystreamingsystem Scouring pattern Breakwatersteepness