Judul: Pengaruh Kombinasi Media Kultur In Vitro Dengan Penambahan Bahan Organik Terlulilap Pertumbahan Prorocom Like Bodies (Plb) Anggrek Paraphalaenopsis Serpentilinguo
Abstrak: Anggrek Paraphalaenopsis Serpentilingua Merupakan Salah Satu Jenis Anggrek Alam Yang Berasai Dari Kalimantan Barat. Berdasarkan Peraturan Pemerintah No.7 Tabun 1999 Anggrek Ini Termasuk Ke Dalam Tumbuhan Yang Dilindungi. Untuk Mencegah Terjadinya Kepunahan, Maka Harus Diupayakan Teknik Budidaya Yang Tepat Sebagai Sarana Penyediaan Bibit Anggrek Secara Cepat Dengan Kualitas Dan Kuantitas Yang Baik. ...
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Judul: Kultur Protocorm Like Bodies Anggrek Hasil Silangan Phalaenopsis gigantea × Phalaenopsis violacea pada Beberapa Kombinasi Media dan ZPT
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kombinasi media tanam dan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) yang sesuai untuk mendukung pertumbuhan PLB anggrek hasil silangan antara Phal. gigantea × Phal. violacea. Penelitian terdiri atas 2 percobaan. Percobaan 1 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yaitu media tanam dan ZPT. Media yang digunakan adalah media Knudson C (KC) 80% dan media NPK (18:18:18+EDTA) sedangkan ZPT yang dicobakan adalah tanpa penambahan ZPT, air kelapa, serta thidiazuron (TDZ)+benziladenin (BA). Percobaan 2 menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap 1 faktor yaitu subkultur pada media yang berbeda, diantaranya adalah KC 80% tanpa ZPT disubkultur ke KC 80% tanpa ZPT dan NPK (20:20:20) + vitamin + myoinositol; NPK (18-18-18+EDTA) tanpa ZPT disubkultur ke NPK (18-18-18+EDTA) tanpa ZPT dan NPK (20:20:20) + vitamin + myoinositol; NPK (18:18:18+EDTA) + TDZ 0.5 ppm + BA 0.5 ppm disubkultur ke NPK (18:18:18+EDTA) + TDZ 0.5 ppm + BA 0.5 ppm dan NPK (20:20:20) + vitamin + myoinositol; KC 80% + air kelapa 100 ml, KC 80% + TDZ 0.5 ppm + BA 0.5 ppm dan NPK (18:18:18+EDTA) + air kelapa 100 ml disubkultur ke NPK (20:20:20) + vitamin + myoinositol. Hasil percobaan 1 menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan media terbaik untuk multiplikasi adalah media NPK (18:18:18+EDTA) karena mempunyai persentase multiplikasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan media KC 80% yaitu sebesar 25.72%. Perlakuan tanpa penambahan ZPT merupakan perlakuan terbaik untuk multiplikasi karena mempunyai persentase multiplikasi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan air kelapa maupun TDZ+BA yaitu sebesar 22.29%. Hasil percobaan 2 menunjukkan bahwa PLB yang semula berasal dari media NPK (18:18:18+EDTA) pada percobaan 1 tumbuh sangat baik pada media yang sama atau media NPK (20:20:20) + vitamin + myoinositol pada fase subkultur (percobaan 2) dengan persentase multiplikasi sebesar 36%.
Keyword: KC 80%, media tanam, NPK, PLB, ZPT

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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