Judul: Analisis Potensi Waktu Tanam Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan pada Wilayah Tidak Terkena dan Terkena Dampak ENSO dan IOD di Sentra Produksi Padi Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus : Kabupaten Indramayu dan Cianjur).
Abstrak: Timing of planting is part of the strategy of food cultivation. Increased fluctuations, the frequency and intensity of climate anomalies in the last decade caused by ENSO and IOD phenomena can have serious repercussions on food crops because of the early rainy season and dry season was delayed. Indramayu is one of the rice-producing centers in West Java, most of the area influenced by both ENSO and IOD. So in that area have an early shift planting time, while other rice-producing centers such as Cianjur mostly unaffected area either by ENSO and IOD. To determine the potential of planting time required analysis of water resource potential of integrating the components of climate, soil, and plants into a system. The study aims to determine the potential of good rice-planting time in the El-Nino, a positive IOD years or normal years and knowing the potential difference when planted in areas affected and not affected by ENSO and IOD. Planting time is determined based on an index of adequacy of water more than 0.8 and the potential loss of less than 20%. This two value is determined at the critical phase of the rice plant at flowering stage and grain filling. With the stipulation that the best planting time scenario obtained when the critical phase of plant have no water deficit, so that water sufficiency index values of more than 80% and the potential loss of less than 20%. The results showed that in normal conditions in the area of Krangkeng Indramayu, potential planting time can be done in the month from October to December. But in the year of El Nino events, rice planting can only be done in December. While the positive IOD events, planting can be done in mid-November until the end of January. For Ciranjang Cianjur district, in the normal years planting can be done in mid-September until the end of February. While the conditions of El Nino and IOD does not shift the start time of planting. During strong El Nino occurred simultaneously with the positive IOD in rainfed land, the rice can not be planted in Krangkeng. Different conditions occur in areas Ciranjang, the potential planting time can be done almost the same as planting time when normal conditions.
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Judul: Identifikasi Fenomena ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) DAN IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) terhadap Dinamika Waktu Tanam Padi di Daerah Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus Kabupaten Indramayu dan Cianjur)
Abstrak: Adjusting agricultural activities to the climate characteristics d IOD using satellite images. The relation of rainfall and regional climate were analyzed by correlation at each rainfall station. Satellite images analysis was done for monitoring, and last the onset delineation related to ENSO and IOD were done to determine which regions that more sensitive to thwas one of an alternative way to minimize climate risk in agriculture. Indonesian climate was affected by ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). In El Nino year, the dry season would be earlier and longer than Normal year. Research objectives were to: (1) Analyze the effect of ENSO and IOD to the West Java rainfall, (2) Analyze the sensitivity and dynamical period of rice planting based on planting calendar; (3) Identify planting period and planting area that were influenced by ENSO ane climate anomaly. Result showed that, Indramayu was more vulnerable to regional climate anomaly than Cianjur especially by ENSO. In Indramayu, the IOD and ENSO anomaly affected in JJA and SON period where the correlations between ENSO and rainfall stations values in JJA was 46,00 % and became greater in SON. Most area in Indramayu were moderately affected by ENSO at the values of 61,30 % in JJA and strongly affected in SON at the values of 49,28 % and moderately affected by IOD at the values of 58,73 %. Contrary, in Cianjur was more affected by IOD. IOD effects occurred in JJA and SON, with the area that was influenced by IOD were 57,26 % and 58,91 % respectively. These indicated that there were shifting period of rice planting in Indramayu and Cianjur for 40 – 60 days and 10-20 days from onset respectively. Based on image monitoring in 1997 as the ENSO and IOD year, it was known that in 1997, 2.26 % of rice planting area were failed to be harvested . In 2001 there was decrement of 45,14 % of rice planting area for the period of July – September which indicated that there were harvested area in Indramayu. While in Cianjur there wasn’t any harvested area in June and July1997, and in 2001 there were harvested about 41,85 % in June - August. This result was appropriate with NDVI values that also indicated the decrement of harvested area in ENSO and IOD years.
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Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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