Judul: Dampak Kebijakan Harga Pembelian Pemerintah terhadap Kesejahteraan Produsen dan Consumen di Indonesia
Abstrak: Government Purchase Price Rice Policy is one of the important instruments in order to ensure national food security. The objectives of this research were to (1) analyze the factors that influence the supply and demand for rice in Indonesia, (2) to analyze the impact of the government purchase price rice policy on the producers’ and consumers’ welfare and, (3) to formulate alternative strategies that could ensure fair welfare distribution to both the producers and the consumers. Four policy alternatives set for the period 2002-2008 were simulated with econometric model of the Indonesian supply and demand of rice industry. Time Series secondary data 1980-2008, especially from BPS, Ministry of Agriculture and BULOG was rice quantitatively analyzed using a system of simultaneous equations econometric model. The econometric model is a simultaneous equations model consisting of eight behavioral equations and three identity equations. The Two Stages Least Squares (2SLS) method was used to estimate the parameters of the behavioral equations in the model. This study showed that the government price rice policy is good for increasing rice production but not the best policy for welfare and as a result the society as a whole is worse off. This study suggests that the government purchase price rice policy should be accompanied with other policies government programs like: (1) increased irrigated area and, (2) increased rice intensification through improved infrastructural development and, (3) high time food diversification is intensified to reduce overdependence on rice.
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Judul: Dampak Kebijakan Ekonomi terhadap Kesejahteraan Produsen dan Konsumen Beras di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Beras merupakan komoditas pangan yang berperan strategis bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Permintaan beras semakin meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu kebijakan untuk meningkatkan produksi beras yang dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen beras. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis: (1) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi penawaran dan permintaan beras di Indonesia, (2) dampak kebijakan ekonomi terhadap penawaran dan permintaan beras di Indonesia, dan (3) dampak kebijakan ekonomi terhadap kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen beras di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder time series tahun 1990-2014. Model dibangun sebagai sistem persamaan simultan terdiri dari 26 persamaan (16 persamaan struktural dan 10 persamaan identitas) dengan metode pendugaan Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). Kombinasi peningkatan harga pembelian pemerintah sebesar 10 persen, penurunan harga riil pupuk urea sebesar 15 persen, dan peningkatan luas areal sawah irigasi 10 persen merupakan alternatif kebijakan terbaik yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan produsen dan konsumen beras di Indonesia.
Keyword: beras, kebijakan ekonomi, penawaran, permintaan

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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