Judul: Perubahan Modal Nafkah Pedagang  Akibat Pengadaan Tanah untuk Pembangunan Jalan Tol
Abstrak: Pelaksanaan pengadaan tanah menyebabkan pihak terdampak kehilangan atau kekurangan akses terhadap tanah. Tanah merupakan salah satu modal nafkah yang penting dalam menjaga kestabilan penghidupan sebuah rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perubahan pemanfaatan modal nafkah dan strategi penghidupan yang dialami oleh pihak terdampak pasca pengadaan tanah. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 33 pihak terdampak yang memiliki mata pencaharian sebagai pedagang. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji hubungan dengan metode tabulasi silang dengan menguji hubungan karakteristik rumah tangga pedagang dan karakteristik pihak terdampak dengan perubahan modal nafkah akibat pengadaan tanah. Dilakukan pula uji tabulasi silang antara perubahan modal nafkah dengan strategi penghidupan pihak terdampak pasca pengadaan tanah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa modal alam cenderung menurun, modal fisik cenderung meningkat, dan modal manusia cenderung tetap. Modal finansial dan modal sosial cenderung kurang dimanfaatkan oleh rumah tangga pedagang. Diversifikasi nafkah menjadi strategi penghidupan yang dominan dimanfaatkan oleh pihak terdampak., The implementation of land acquisition causes affected parties to lose or lack access to land. Land is one of the important livelihood capital in maintaining the stability of a household's livelihood. The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in livelihood capital and livelihood strategies experienced by the affected parties after land acquisition. The research method is quantitative method using questionnaires. The number of respondents in this study was 33 affected parties who have livelihoods as traders. This study uses cross tabulation method by examining the relationship between the characteristics of trader’s households and the characteristics of affected parties with changes in livelihood capital due to land acquisition. A cross tabulation test was also conducted between changes in livelihood capital and livelihood strategies of the affected parties after land acquisition. The results show that natural capital tend to declined, physical capital tend to increased, and human capital not changed.Financial capital and social capital tend to be underutilized by trader households. Livelihood diversification is the dominant livelihood strategy utilized by the affected parties.
Keyword: Land Acquisition, Livelihood Capital, Livelihood Strategy

Judul: Pengaruh Konversi Lahan Terhadap Livelihood Asset dan Strategi Nafkah Rumah Tangga Buruh Tani.
Abstrak: Land conversion is land use change from agricultural (sector) to nonagricultural (sector). Land conversion that occurred in the Cimanggu Satu village caused work patterns change, revenue change levels, undertaken land area change, and income change. The impact of land conversion will affect the livelihood strategies that hodge attitude. Livelihood strategies applied by hodge household not only in the agricultural sector but also on non-agricultural sector. The application of livelihood strategies was conducted on the engineering of agricultural livelihoods, double livelihood patterns and spatial engineering (migration). Form of livelihood strategies that conducted are affected by the livelihood utilization of hodge household. Livelihoods consists of the utilization of human capital, natural capital, physical capital, financial capital and social capital.
Keyword: Livelihood Strategies, Livelihood Asset, land conversion

Judul: Heterologous Expression Of Endo-Β-Xylanase From Bacillus Pumilus Strain Bcrs-01 In Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolase family 11 which depolymerise xylan in the plant cell wall, the most excessive form of hemicellulose. Endo-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are most important to breakdown β-1,4-glicoside bond of xylan to produce disaccaride xyloolygosaccaride (XOs) and xylose (monomer). Bovine rumen fluids have potential to obtain endo-β-xylanase produced of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to obtain xylanase producing bacteria and to express xynA gene encoding endo-β-xylanase from bacterium in Escherichia coli. Twenty nine isolate bacteria have been succesfully isolated from bovine rumen fluid in agar medium containing birchwood xylan. Isolate BCRS-01 bacterium was previously screened for the high production of xylanase. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BCRS-01 showed high similarity (99%) to Bacillus pumilus (accession number NR043241). The crude xylanase had optimal activity at 55oC, pH 7.0. Furthermore, the crude xylanase exhibited broad pH stability from 4.0 to 10.0 and remained more than 60% and 40% of its activity after incubation at pH 4.0 until 10.0, respectively for 60 min. It also showed a stability at temperature 25-50oC since it retained 80% and 50% of its activity when incubated at 50oC or 30 and 60 min, respectively. The xylanase activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Cu2+ at concentration 10 mM, and as little as 1 mM for Mn2+. Therefore, this xylanase has potentially used as additive feeds in animal feed industry. The DNA sequence xynA gene encoded endo-β-xylanase was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET-15by under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant protein had succesfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A protein recombinant of approximately, 26.7 kDa was observed on the SDS-PAGE analysis. Crude extract of recombinant endo-β-xylanase demonstrated activity of enzyme at 56 U mL-1 using birchwood xylan as a substrate at 55oC for 10 min.
Keyword: Bacillus pumilus, bovine rumen fluid, endo-β-xylanase, heterologous expression.