Judul: Pemanfaatan Sterol Lembaga Gandum (Triticum sp.) Untuk Pencegahan Aterosklerosis
Abstrak: Sterol tanaman (fitosrerol) dapat Menghambat penyerapan Kolesterol secara kompetitif di dlaam saluran pencernaan sehingga menurunkan risiko ateroskterosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan sterol lembaga gandum untuk pencegahaan aterosklerosis. Penelitian terdiri dari lima (5) bagian : (1) mengkaji data konsumsi pangan di Perkotaan dan pedesaan Jawa Barat yang diperoleh dari SUSENAS tahun 2002 dalam kaitannya dengan faktor risiko aterosklerosis; (2) mengekstrak sterol lembaga gandum (3) analisis jenis dan kadar sterol pada ekstrak kasar sterol lembaga gandum; (4) pembuatan margarin yang disuplementasi sterol lembaga gandum menggunakan dua metode (Metode I dan II; dan (5) percobaan hewan total, kolesterol LDL.
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Judul: Potensi Tepung Umbi Dioskorea (Dioscorea alata) untuk Mencegah Aterosklerosis pada Kelinci Percobaan
Abstrak: Recently, cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of adult mortality in the world including in Indonesia. One of major risk factors of cardiovascular disease is hyperlipidemia. Prolonged hyperlipidemia accompanied by LDL oxidation is the first step of the development of atherosclerosis. Selection of food consumed is one way to reduce the risk of the development of atherosclerosis. Dioscorea alata (DA) tuber has potency to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis because it contains several functional compounds; anthocyanins, dietary fiber, and diosgenin. This contents lower the risk by antioxidation, antihyperlipidemia, and antiaggregation mechanisms. The objective of this research was to study the effect of administration of DA flour to inhibit atherosclerosis in laboratory rabbits. There were five specific objectives of the research ; (1) to determine the citric acid concentration and the duration of steam blanching which produce DA flour with the higest bioactive compounds, (2) to determine antioxidation and anti platelet aggregation effects of DA flour by in vitro test, (3) to examine the effects of DA flour administration on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum and kidney by in vivo test, 4) to examine the effect of DA flour administration on blood lipid profiles of the rabbits; and (5) to analyze the development of atherosclerosis plaques in aorta, and examine the morphologic change in rabbits kidney tissues. The results showed that 1% citric acid soaking and 10 minutes blanching produced DA flour with the highest anthocyanins and polyphenolic retention as high as 44.51% or 104.36 mg/100 g flour and 62.58% or 198.52 mg equivalent gallic acid/100 g flour, respectively. The flour had antioxidant capacity equal to 1300 mg trolox/100 g. Five or ten minutes steam blanching could reduce the activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme, therefore retarded the oxidation process that degraded polyphenolic compound. These treatments were applied to produce DA flour which later formulated into rabbits ration. DA water extracts and flours were co-administrated with high cholesterol ration to 30 male New Zealand White rabbits for 60 days with the following ration groups; 1) basal ration as negative control (K0); 2) basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol as positive control (K1); 3) basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol and 1.8 g/100 g of freeze dried DA extract (KE1); 4) basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol and 3.6 g/100 g of freeze dried DA extract (KE2); 5) 15% DA flour in basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol (KT1); and 6) 30% DA flour in basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol (KT2). Experiment on antioxidatif stress effect of DA flour in rabbits showed that the level of SOD serum in rabbit co-administrated with DA flour to high cholesterol ration was significantly higher compared to those fed with cholesterol ration. 30% DA flour substitution into the ration, significantly maintained the level of SOD serum equal to that of administrated with basal ration. The other stress oxidative parameters; malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities showed no differences between treatments. The administration of high cholesterol ration increased total cholesterol 16 fold as compared to those administrated with basal ration, and increased cholesterol LDL, and triacylglycerol level significantly. Co-administration
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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