Judul: Indonesia's Textile and Apparel Industry in Global Value Chain: Multiregional Input-Output Approach
Abstrak: Global value chain (GVC) merupakan kegiatan perekonomian yang timbul akibat globalisasi. Partisipasi suatu negara dalam GVC dapat meningkatkan ekspor di negara tersebut. Berkembangnya teknologi dan informasi melalui globalisasi mengubah gaya hidup masyarakat khususnya di bidang fesyen, tak terkecuali di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia. Sektor tekstil dan produk tekstil (TPT) Indonesia merupakan salah satu sektor yang difokuskan untuk ditingkatkan partisipasinya dalam GVC, namun kinerjanya justru menurun seiring tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis partisipasi sektor TPT Indonesia dalam GVC serta keterkaitannya terhadap sektor-sektor di negara lain dan menganalisis dampak dari peningkatan ekspor sektor TPT Indonesia terhadap output dan nilai tambah menggunakan tabel MRIO tahun 2022. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa keterkaitan sektor TPT Indonesia cenderung lebih tinggi ke belakang. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa sektor TPT Indonesia berperan dalam GVC sebagai sektor pengguna input yang banyak berasal dari Cina dan Korea Selatan, walaupun posisinya masih rendah. Maka dari itu, input yang digunakan dari negara tersebut perlu ditingkatkan efisiensinya agar produktivitas sektor TPT Indonesia meningkat., The global value chain (GVC) are economic activities that arise from globalization. A country's participation in GVC could increase its exports. The development of information and technology through globalization has changed people's lifestyles, especially in the fashion industry, not to mention in developing countries such as Indonesia. Indonesia's textile and apparel (T&A) sector is one of the sectors focused on increasing its participation in GVC, but its performance has declined over the years. This study aims to analyze the participation of Indonesia's T&A sector in the GVC and its linkages to other sectors in different countries, as well as to analyze the impact of an increase in exports of Indonesia's T&A sector on output and value-added using the 2022 MRIO table. This study finds that the linkages of Indonesia's T&A sector tend to be higher backward. This indicates that Indonesia's T&A sector plays a role in the GVC as a user of inputs, which largely come from China and South Korea, although its position in GVC is still low. Therefore, the efficiency of inputs used from those countries needs to be improved to increase the productivity of Indonesia's T&A sector.
Keyword: Indonesia, Global Value Chain, Multiregional Input-Output, Tekstil, Textile

Judul: Participation of the Indonesian Agricultural Sector and its Derivatives in the Global Value Chain: A Multiregional Input-Output Approach
Abstrak: Kontribusi GVC dapat meningkatkan daya saing, transfer teknologi dan input yang lebih murah. Sektor pertanian Indonesia dan turunannya memiliki peran besar dalam beberapa indikator makroekonomi, serta potensi produksi yang besar dalam perdagangan GVC. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis partisipasi sektor pertanian Indonesia dan turunannya dalam GVC. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, keterkaitan, dan dampak pada Tabel Multiregional Input-Output tahun 2022 berdasarkan harga konstan tahun 2010, klasifikasi 35 sektor dan 63 negara dari Asian Development Bank (2023). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sektor pertanian Indonesia dan turunannya lebih banyak berperan dalam mendorong produksi sektor hilir di domestik, dan rendah dalam menarik produksi sektor hulu. Dampak peningkatan ekspor sektor pertanian Indonesia dan turunannya paling besar diterima domestik, dan partisipasinya dalam GVC rendah dengan persentase nilai yang relatif kecil. Adapun partisipasi sektor turunan pertanian Indonesia lebih besar, sehingga diperlukan peningkatan dan diversifikasi ekspor sektor turunan pertanian Indonesia untuk meningkatkan perannya dalam GVC., The contribution of GVCs can be increased competitiveness, technology transfer and cheaper inputs. Indonesia's agricultural sector and its derivatives have a large role in several macroeconomic indicators, as well as large production potential in GVC trade. This study was conducted to analyze the participation of the Indonesian agricultural sector and its derivatives in GVCs. The method used is descriptive, linkage, and impact analysis on the Multiregional Input-Output Table in 2022 based on constant prices in 2010, classification of 35 sectors and 63 countries from the Asian Development Bank (2023). The results show that Indonesia's agricultural sector and its derivatives play more of a role in driving domestic downstream sector production, and are low in attracting upstream sector production. The impact of increasing exports of Indonesia's agricultural sector and its derivatives is mostly received domestically, and its participation in GVCs is low with a relatively small percentage of value. However, the participation of Indonesia's agricultural derivatives sector is more significant, suggesting the need to increase and diversify exports in this sector to enhance its role in GVCs.
Keyword: Global Value Chain, Multiregional Input-Output, Food Beverage and Tobacco Sector, Agriculture Sector

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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