Judul: Pengukuran Nilai Hambur Balik Plankton di Danau Ranau, Sumatera.
Abstrak: Plankton adalah komponen utama dalam rantai makanan dan indikator kesuburan perairan yang distribusi kelimpahannya tidak merata di perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui distribusi dan kelimpahan plankton secara spasial dan temporal di Danau Ranau melalui pengukuran nilai hambur balik hidroakustik. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2012 di Danau Ranau, Sumatera dengan metode hidroakustik dan manual sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa distribusi horizontal berkisar antara -89.99 dB sampai -75.00 dB dan nilai SV terbesar terdapat pada stasiun 2. Nilai SV besar relatif banyak dijumpai di zona litoral (2-6 m) danau. Distribusi vertikal nilai SV menunjukkan perbedaan hasil dengan distribusi kelimpahan plankton dari hasil manual sampling. Nilai SV berkisar antara -82.36 dB sampai -75.03 dB. Nilai SV menunjukkan semakin bertambahnya kedalaman maka nilai SV atau kelimpahan plankton semakin besar sementara kelimpahan plankton dari manual sampling menunjukkan hal sebaliknya. Distribusi temporal kelimpahan plankton bervariasi mengikuti pola intensitas cahaya. Hubungan antara nilai SV kelimpahan plankton dan kedalaman menunjukkan hubungan yang positif tapi tidak erat.
Keyword: Danau Ranau, distribusi spasial, distribusi temporal, hambur balik, plankton

Judul: Deteksi Nilai Hambur Balik Plankton di Laut Jawa dengan Hidroakustik 100 KHz
Abstrak: Plankton adalah biota yang berperan penting dalam ekosistem perairan. Kelimpahan dan ketersediaan plankton di Laut Jawa dapat dianalisa berdasarkan nilai hambur balik. Pada penelitian ini, kelimpahan plankton diukur memakai gelombang frekuensi 100 kHz dengan instrumen EK SIMRAD 70 Multifrekuensi Echosounder. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada 17 Oktober sampai 11 November 2017 di perairan Laut Jawa. Pengolahan data dilakukan untuk melihat sebaran plankton secara spasial dan temporal memakai software Echoview tipe 5.0 dengan nilai pembatas sebesar (threshold) -100 dB s/d -70 dB. Nilai dari plankton yang teridentifikasi pada setiap lapisan dengan frekuensi 100 kHz yaitu -99.28 dB hingga -86.11 dB. Distribusi horizontal nilai SV plankton dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar -92.06 dB. Distribusi vertikal dicatat setiap 5 meter lapisan perairan. Pada kedalaman 5 meter ditemukan nilai sebaran yaitu -99.74 dB hingga -83.97 dB. Nilai hambur balik terbesar berada pada kedalaman 45 m yaitu - 81.29 dB. Hubungan sebaran distribusi plankton terhadap waktu (temporal) dibagi kedalam 4 rentang waktu selama 24 jam dan dibandingkan dengan 2 lokasi berbeda. Analisis perbandingan nilai SV plankton secara temporal menunjukkan perubahan densitas plankton yang fluktuatif dari waktu ke waktu., Planktons are organisms that play an important role in the ecosystem. Abundancy and availability of plankton in Java Sea can be analyzed by backscattering strength volume. In this research, abundancy of plankton is measured by using 100 kHz frequency wave of Multifrequency Echosounder (ME) EK SIMRAD 70. Data collection was carried out on October 17 to November 11, 2017 in Java Sea. Data processing was aimed to know the spatial and temporal distribution of plankton by using Echoview type 5.0 with threshold around -100 dB to -70 dB. The value of plankton identified in each layer with a frequency of 100 kHz is -99.28 dB to -86.11 dB. The distribution of plankton value is -92.06 dB horizontally. While vertical distribution is divided into several depth group. The first 5 meters is -99.74 dB to - 83.97 dB. The highest value of backscattering is found at 45 m which is -81.29 dB. Corelation of distribution versus time is split into 4 time ranges during 24 hours and compared into 2 different locations. The comparative analysis of plankton SV values in temporal terms shows a fluctuating change in plankton density from time to time.
Keyword: Densitas, Distribusi, Frekuensi, Laut Jawa, Plankton, Density, Distribution, Frequency, Java Sea, Plankton

Judul: Development of ready-to-drink white tea shot.
Abstrak: White tea leaf has been shown to possess physiological activities and has catechin which is the most abundant antioxidant compound found. This study was conducted to develop white tea shot formulated with white tea extract (WTE), ascorbic acid (AA), and sucrose (SC) in order to get high stability of catechin in the product. The first part of the study was conducted to choose best formula of white tea shot. The amount of water was set at 50 ml while WTE was set at 0.4% water basis. AA and SC amount were varied at 0.02, 0.05, 0.10% for AA and 3.0 and 6.0% for SC. The formula chosen was consists of 50 ml water, 0.4 % WTE, 0.10% AA, and 6.0% of SC. The decision was based on the rating hedonic test and short time storage catechin stability analysis of six formulation which the chosen formula revealed the least catechin lost and acceptable overall product likeness. The study also revealed that addition of AA is significant to lower catechin loss (P<0.05) while addition of SC did not reveal any effect (P>0.05). Physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristic was also observed in this study.
Keyword: Catechin, product development, white tea