Judul: Berbagi Bentuk Penyimpangan Berahi pada Ternak dan Penanggulangannya
Abstrak: Secara anatomilc, alat reproduksi hewan betina terdiri dari: (1) ovarium, yang menghasilkan telur,( 2 ) saluran-saluran reproduksi, yaitu: tuba fallopii, uterus, cervix dan vagina, (3) alat kelamin bagian luar, terdiri atas: clitoris, dan vulva. Letak alat reproduksi hewan betina normal adalah: dibagian atas dibatasi oleh tulang rusuk, di bagian ventro caudal oleh crista ilium, di sebelah kanan oleh duodenum dan di sebelah kiri oleh limpa. Ovarium dan saluran reproduksi tergantung pada ligamentum yang bertaut pada dinding ruang abdomen.
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Judul: Penyumbatan Tuba Fallopi pada Ternak
Abstrak: Studi tentang afeksi saluran telur pada ternak telah dimulai pada tahun 1950 dan sebagian besar dilakukan di rumah potong hewan. Penyumbatan saluran telur yang merupakan salah satu penyebab infertilitas pada ternak selama ini kurang diperhatikan karena struktur anatominya yang sulit didiagnosis. Tujuan dari tinjauan pustaka ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan data tentang patologi, diagnosis, dan pengobatan penyumbatan saluran telur pada 6 spesies ternak yang paling umum yaitu kerbau, sapi, domba, kambing, kuda, dan babi. Metode penelitian ini adalah dengan mencari karya ilmiah melalui Google Scholar™, Science Direct dan PubMed® dengan kata kunci "reproduksi hewan", "reproduksi betina", "patologi saluran telur", "penyumbatan saluran telur", dan "diagnosis dan pengobatan penyumbatan saluran telur". Karya ilmiah yang telah dikumpulkan dikelompokkan berdasarkan patologi, diagnosis, dan pengobatan penyumbatan saluran telur. Cara diagnosis untuk sapi dan kuda telah dibahas pada hewan hidup tetapi untuk hewan ternak lain cara tersebut masih pada hewan yang disembelih. Metode pengobatan untuk afeksi ini harus dipelajari lanjut karena masih kurangnya informasi tentang semua ternak yang dibahas., In the early 1950s, studies about oviduct affections in livestock has begun and were based mainly on abattoir studies. Oviduct occlusion which is one of the causes of infertility in livestock was given less concern until now due to its anatomical structure which is difficult to diagnose. The goal of this literature review is to compile data on the known pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of oviduct occlusion in for 6 of the most common livestock species namely buffalo, cattle, sheep, goat, horse, and pig. The method of this study is by searching scientific papers via Google Scholar™, Science Direct and PubMed® with the keywords "animal reproduction", "female reproduction", "oviduct pathology", "oviduct occlusion", and "diagnosis and treatment of oviduct occlusion". The scientific papers that have been collected were grouped in pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of oviduct occlusion. Diagnosis methods for cow and horse have been discussed in live animals but for other livestock, the methods are still on slaughtered animals. Treatment methods for this affection is yet to be study as there are still lack of information on this for all the livestock discussed.
Keyword: diagnosis, oviductal occlusion, pathology, treatment

Judul: Waxes, policosanols and aldehydes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and okinawan brown sugar (kokuto)
Abstrak: Waxes, long chain alcohols and aldehydes were found in several variants of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and Kokuto, a non-centrifuged Okinawan cane brown sugar. Long chain alcohols, policosanols, have been reported to have beneficial effect to human health. The composition of wax in sugarcane was analyzed using HPLC with an evaporative light scattering detector. Sugarcane wax composed of 55–60% aldehydes, sterol esters and wax esters, 32–40% alcohols, and small amounts of triacylglycerols, acids and sterols. Extraction of policosanols performed effectively with hexane and methanol (20:1 v/v), while that of long chain aldehydes was with chloroform and methanol (2:1 v/v). Their composition was determined using GC with a flame ionization detector, whereas their compounds were identified using GC-MS. Sugarcane rinds contained up to 500 mg policosanols and 600 mg aldehydes per 100 g sample of Ni 22 cultivar. The content of policosanol and long chain aldehyde in Kokuto was influenced by its production systems. Compositional analysis of the end product confirmed the presence of policosanols and aldehydes up to 85 mg and 8 mg respectively per 100 g sample of Kokuto A, a product of brown sugar manufacture with open pan heating system. Octacosanol and octacosanal were found to be the major wax components in both sugarcane and Kokuto samples. This study revealed significant difference in content and composition of waxes, policosanols and long chain aldehydes between sugarcane parts, cultivars and harvesting times; also between Kokuto types and production methods.
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