Judul: Optimasi Pemupukan Kalsium dan Magnesium pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaesis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Utama
Abstrak: The agricultural commodity is one of the mainstays as an effort to increase the country's foreign exchange apart from the sector of oil and gas. One of the priority for the development is oil palm. Productivity of oil palm is the highest compared to other vegetable oil crops. Productivity of palm oil is 4.08 tons Crude Palm Oil per hectare, while the productivity of vegetable oils from soybean, sunflower and rapeseed are 0.38, 0.6, and 0.75 tons per hectare, respectively. In addition, oil palm is an annual plant while plants other vegetable is seasonal plant so that cultivation oil palm is more energy efficient and require less land to achieve the same production quantities compared other vegetable oils. The oil palm can grow well and is highly production. To support it‟s growth and yield, it requires of fertilizer such as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). The important of calcium in the development of plant such as formation of the cell wall and plasma membrane, cell growth and secretion. In addition, calcium participates in physiological processes and serves as secondary messenger within the cytosol as well as among different cell organs. Magnesium is the third most required macronutrient element by the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis jacq) for its growth and development. Magnesium is a component of numerous enzymatic systems and a major element of chlorophyll. It is also an active element with phosphorus in the synthesis of reserve lipids in the oil palm. This experiment has three main objectives that include the following : (1) to know the calcium and magnesium fertilizer response for oil palm seedling, (2) to study the interaction between calcium and magnesium fertilizers for oil palm seedling, and (3) to determine the optimum rates of calcium and magnesium fertilizer for oil palm seedling. This experiment was conducted at IPB Experimental Station Cikabayan, Dramaga, Bogor, from December 2011 to November 2012. The experimental design used was factorial randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was Ca fertilizer rates i.e. 0, 5, 10 and 20 g CaCO3 plant-1. The second factor was Mg fertilizer rates i.e. 0, 24, 48 and 96 g MgSO4 plant-1. The results showed that calcium did not affect, whereas magnesium fertilizer affected vegetative and physiology variables in oil palm seedling. Based on the plant height, number of leaves and stem diameter, the rates of magnesium fertilizer recommendations for 8 months oil palm seedlings in the main nursery was 58 g plant-1. Rate of Mg fertilizer every month should be applied: 2.0, 2.0, 8.0, 9.3, 8.8, 9.3, 9.4 and 9.3 g MgS04 plants-1. Unfortunately, the optimum rate of calcium fertilizer can not be determined in this research.
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Judul: Optimasi Dosis Pupuk Majemuk NPK dan Kalsium pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Pembibitan Utama
Abstrak: Oil palm is the main estate crop that brought Indonesia as the main producer for palm oil in the world. Palm oil both crude palm oil (CPO) and kernel palm oil (KPO) have been broadening utilized by fractionation (edible oil), margarine, cosmetics, oleo-chemical and bio-diesel industries. The productivity of oil palm could be determined by the quality of seedling both genetically and physically. The production of oil palm seedling takes about 12-14 months through pre nursery (3-4 months) and main nursery (9-11 months). Fertilizer management had been necessary for oil palm seedling growth. Therefore, the accuracy fertilizer rate would be the main key to maintain the oil palm seedling growth physically as it would have produced the maximum growth of oil palm seedling. This research was aimed to evaluate rates of NPK compound and calcium fertilizer for the growth of oil palm seedling in main nursery. Other objectives were to know the interaction effect between NPK compound and calcium fertilizer and to produce the high qualified oil palm seedling. The experiment was conducted in IPB Experimental Station, Cikabayan, Darmaga, Bogor from December 2011 to November 2012. The two factor experiment was designed in a randomized block design with three replications. The rates of NPK compound fertilizer (15-15-15) were 0, 115, 230 and 460 g seedling-1. The rates of calcium fertilizer were 0, 5, 10 and 20 g seedling-1. In general, there was no interaction effect between NPK compound and calcium fertilizer on variables observed, except on plant height 3 Months after Application (MAA). NPK compound fertilizer had the significant quadratic effect on plant height, leaf number, stem diameter and chlorophyll content. But, it had the significant linear effect on plant height 5 MAA and stem diameter 3 MAA. The calcium fertilizer had the significant linear effect only on plant height 1 MAA and other variables were not affected by calcium fertilizer. The linear effect showed that the highest rate would still increase the seedling growth. The quadratic effect showed that the seedling growth would decrease by rate higher than the optimum rate. The oil palm seedling height of NPK compound rate 230 g seedling-1 on 8 MAA attained 85.48 % up to oil palm seedling standard for 12 months since pre nursery. Stem diameter and leaf number attained 106.92% and 65.56% respectively. Based on plant height and stem diameter, recommended rate of NPK compound fertilizer 15-15-15 was in the range of 333.00 g seedling-1 for eight months. Recommended rates for each month were 7.00, 7.00, 19.45, 59.25, 66.3, 61.55, 58.97 and 54.16 g NPK seedling-1. The optimum rate of calcium was not obtained from this experiment.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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