Judul: Keefektifan beberapa komponen pengendalian hama lalat buah pada tanaman cabai
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to evaluate the resistance of five chili genotypes, the effectiveness of botanical insecticides, the effectiveness of mulches, and the effectiveness of trap crop, repellent crop, and fruitfly trap against the fruitfly (Bactrocera spp., Diptera: Tephritidae) on chili in the farmer field at Megamendung and Katulampa, Bogor, West Java. This research was done during three planting seasons since June 2010 until December 2011. In the first experiment, five chili genotypes were evaluated. In the second experiment, resistance and susceptible chili genotypes and the efficacy of insecticides were tested. In the third experiment, the treatments included the use of resistance chili genotype as a production crop, susceptible chili genotype as a trap crop, citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) as a repellent crop, insecticides application as in the second experiment, mulches, and the use of fruitfly trap with methyl eugenol attractant. In the laboratory, repellency of Piper retrofractum and Annona squamosa extract mixture, Cymbopogon nardus extract, spinosad (Tracer 120 SC), and imidacloprid (Confidor 5 WP) were tested using a Y-tube olfactometer. The results of this research showed that chili variety of Keriting 09 was resistant and SP Hot 77 was susceptible to fruitfly attack. Application of P. retrofractum and A. squamosa extract mixture, C. nardus extract, spinosad, and imidacloprid did not significantly affect fruitfly infestation. The use of rice straw and plastic mulch did not significantly affect fruitfly infestation. The use of trap crop, repellent crop, and fruitfly trap could decrease fruitfly attack on the main crop. Citronella grass was potential to be used as a repellent crop. The use of fruitfly trap caught two species of fruitflies, i.e. Bactrocera (B.) dorsalis complex and B.(B.) umbrosa. Based on identification in the laboratory, fruitflies that attacked chili in the field were B. (B.) carambolae and B. (B.) papayae, both belong to B. (B.) dorsalis complex. Natural enemy that attacked the fruitflies was a parasitoid wasp Opius sp. (Hymenoptera: Braconidae). Integrated pest management components that can be applied to control fruitflies on chili are the use of resistance chili genotype as a production crop, susceptible chili genotype as a trap crop, citronella grass as a repellent crop, fruitfly trap with methyl eugenol attractant, and natural enemy conservation.
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Judul: Study of Chili Pepper Resistance to Aphis gossypii Based on Phenotypic, Metabolomic and Molecular
Abstrak: Produksi cabai di Indonesia terkendala oleh tingginya serangan hama penyakit. Kutudaun A. gossypii menyerang cabai di dataran rendah dan menjadi vektor berbagai jenis virus tanaman. Pengendalian kutudaun secara kimiawi sudah tidak efektif dikarenakan ketahanannya terhadap beberapa bahan aktif insektisida. Penggunaan varietas tahan kutudaun pada tanaman cabai diharapkan mampu meningkatkan kualitas dari produksi cabai, menurunkan transmisi virus, serta mengurangi beban penggunaan insektisida bagi petani dan lingkungan. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kendali genetik ketahanan cabai terhadap infestasi kutudaun A. gossypii dari aspek fenotipik, metabolomik, serta molekuler. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas: 1) Pengembangan metode skrining cabai terhadap infestasi hama A. gossypii; 2) Evaluasi ketahanan cabai terhadap infestasi kutudaun pada populasi bersegregasi hasil persilangan genotipe tahan dan rentan; 3) Senyawa kimia (metabolit sekunder) cabai yang terkait dengan ketahanan terhadap infestasi kutudaun melalui teknik metabolomik pada populasi bersegregasi; serta 4) Pengembangkan marka molekuler yang dapat digunakan sebagai marker assisted selection (MAS) dalam proses pemuliaan tanaman cabai ketahananterhadap infestasi kutudaun A. gossypii. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) Semua metode skrining yang digunakan efektif dan metode uji clip cage terpilih sebagai metode pengujian yang handal dan praktis dalam uji ketahanan cabai terhadap infestasi A. gossypii; 2) Genotipe cabai IPB C367 dan IPB C20 memiliki ketahanan antibiosis terhadap kutudaun A. gossypii; 3) Ketahanan cabai dikendalikan secara resesif oleh banyak gen dengan aksi gen pengendali ketahanan hama kutudaun adalah aditif-epistasis duplikat; 4) senyawa 2,4-difluorobenzoic (fluorobenzoic acid) dan senyawa 2,5- octadecadiynoic acid (fatty acid) menjadi senyawa antibiosis tanaman cabai dalam menekan populasi koloni kutudaun A. gossypii.; dan 5) Terdapat tiga perubahan basa non-synonymous yang berpotensi untuk membedakan genotipe tahan dan genotipe rentan secara molekuler terhadap infestasi kutudaun A. gossypii. Belum adanya asosiasi yang kuat antara marka molekuler dengan fenotipe tanaman dalam mengidentifikasi gen ketahanan cabai terhadap kutudaun disebabkan oleh sifat ketahanan ini memiliki kompleksitas yang tinggi karena dikendalikan oleh banyak gen (poligen) secara resesif serta terdapat peran dari aksi gen epistasis duplikat., Chili pepper production in Indonesia is constrained by high pest attacks. The cotton aphid (CA), Aphis gossypii, attachesto chilies in the lowland and is a vector for various types of plant viruses. Chemical control of aphids is no longer effective due to their resistance to several insecticidal active ingredients. The use of aphid resistant varieties on chili peppers is expected to improve the quality of chili pepper production, reduce virus transmission, and reduce the cost of using insecticides for farmers and the environment. The purpose of this study was to examine the genetic control of chili pepper resistance to CA infestation from phenotypic, metabolomic, and molecular aspects. The stages of the research consisted of: 1) the development of a chili pepper screening method for CA infestation; 2) the evaluation of chili pepper resistance to aphids in segregated populations resulting from crosses of resistant with susceptible chili genotypes; 3) the identification of chemical compounds (secondary metabolites) of chili that are related to resistance to CA through metabolomic techniques in segregated populations; and 4) the development of moleculer markers that can be used as market assisted selection (MAS) in the chili pepper breeding program for resistance to CA.
Keyword: antibiosis, clip cage, heritabilitas, no choice test, pewarisan sifat

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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