Judul: Penanganan Data Pengamatan Berulang dengan Analisis Ragam (ANOVA) dan Analisis Ragam Peubah Ganda (MANOVA)
Abstrak: Epipyropidae is an ectoparasitic moth that attacks cashew planthopper and can used as biological control agent. This ectoparasitoid attacks it host by sucking its body fluids. The cashew planthopper’s attack and parasitization levels are responses which are measured repeatedly at different times on the same experimental unit. Repeated observations experiment requires an analytical model to see the effect of the treatment and growth response during the observation period, so the effect of time can be studied. The appropriate design for this experiment is a completely randomized design (CRD) in time. Time as an additional factor in CRD in time is viewed as a two-factor design with split-plot design. In this experiment, the location becomes the main plot and time becomes the subplot. This experiment use Univariate Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) on the subplot component. The assumption test of homogeneity of covariance matrix shows a significant result but sphericity assumption is violated. Violation of this assumption causes the degrees of freedom in the ANOVA subplot components should be corrected with Huynh-Feldt epsilon and tested with MANOVA. Results of ANOVA with adjusted degrees of freedom and MANOVA show significant values for time and interaction for two response variables. Significant result for interaction indicates that there are differences in the average of each response variable at each location from time to time in the observation period.
Keyword: split-plot, sphericity, MANOVA, CRD in time, ANOVA

Judul: Pengaruh Lama Ketiadaan Inang Spodoptera litura terhadap Kebugaran Parasitoid Snellenius manilae dengan Menggunakan MANOVA
Abstrak: Snellenius manilae is a parasitoid species that attacks insect pests of plants that can be used as a biological control agent. One of the hosts for this parasitoids is caterpillar Spodoptera litura, a common pest of cabbage. These parasitoids lay eggs on the inside of the host and grow in the host. This study aims to determine the effect of the absence of host parasitoid on the reproductive ability of the parasitoids. Dependent variables in this case are the total parasitoid eggs laid, eggs remaining in the parasitoids’ ovaries after death, parasitoid longevity, number of eggs laid on day 8, and the excess parasitoid eggs laid (superparasitism). The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used in this study to examine the effect of the treatment of multiple responses simultaneously. Testing the multivariate normality assumption, equality of several covariance matrices and degree of freedom. The result of MANOVA analysis shows that the Wilk's Lambda test statistic with p value less than the significance level (0.05). Based on these results it can be concluded that the long absence of the host gives a different effect on parasitoid fitness. Comparison of mean vector treatment on Hotelling T2 test results shows that the long absence of host has significant effect on parasitoid fitness. Test results of profile analyzes of the 14 treatments, there are three treatment groups with profiles that shows parallel and coincident the hypothesis ie treatments of P1 and Control, treatments of P2, P3, P8 and P9 and treatments of P11 and P12.
Keyword: host deprivation, MANOVA, parasitoid

Judul: Membran Komposit Polistirena Tersulfonasi–SiO2 untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Nafion® merupakan membran elektrolit pada direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) yang memiliki nilai permeabilitas metanol yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, membran alternatif seperti polistirena tersulfonasi (PSS) yang ditambahi SiO2 dikembangkan untuk mengurangi tingginya permeabilitas metanol tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh tambahan SiO2 pada kinerja PSS. Keberhasilan proses sulfonasi ditunjukkan oleh nilai derajat sulfonasi (DS) dari PSS dengan konsentrasi PS 15% sebesar 81%. Membran komposit dibuat dengan ragam konsentrasi 3%, 5%, dan 7%. Spektrum inframerah transformasi fourier membran komposit menunjukkan gugus sulfonat (-SO3) pada 1008 cm-1 dan O-Si-O pada 1013 cm-1. Nilai konduktivitas proton dan beda potensial tertinggi dihasilkan pada membran PSS-SiO2 3% dengan nilai berturut-turut 2.1 × 10-4 S/cm dan 79 mV. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, membran komposit PSS-SiO2 dapat diaplikasikan untuk DMFC.
Keyword: membran komposit, SiO2, polistirena tersulfonasi, sel bahan bakar metanol