Judul: Evaluation of Physical and Chemical Properties of Cassamore Containing Palm Kernel Meal Processed by Steam as Corn Substitute Feed
Abstrak: Cassamore adalah bahan pakan mengandung cassava (singkong), bungkil inti sawit dan moringa (kelor) yang dibuat sebagai bahan pakan pengganti jagung. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh steam terhadap sifat fisik, kimia dan kelarutan total pada cassamore. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu, jagung giling (P0), cassamore tanpa steam (P1), cassamore steam 5 menit (P2) dan cassamore steam 10 menit (P3). Data sifat fisik dan kelarutan total dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan jika berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dilanjut dengan uji Duncan, sedangkan sifat kimia dianalisis secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sifat fisik pada cassamore berbeda dengan jagung. Perlakuan steam dapat meningkatkan kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan dan sudut tumpukan pada cassamore. Kelarutan total antara jagung dan cassamore sama dan belum dapat ditingkatkan melalui perlakuan steam. Cassamore memiliki nutrien yang setara dengan jagung, namun memiliki serat kasar yang lebih tinggi dan energinya sedikit lebih rendah., Cassamore is a feed ingredient containing cassava, palm kernel meal and moringa which is made as a substitute for corn feed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of steam on the physical, chemical and total solubility properties of cassamore. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments applied were ground corn (P0), cassamore without steam (P1), cassamore steam 5 minutes (P2) and cassamore steam 10 minutes (P3). Data on physical properties and total solubility were analyzed using ANOVA and if significantly different (P<0.05) continued with Duncan's test, while chemical properties were analyzed descriptively. Based on the research results, the physical properties of cassamore were different compared to corn. Steam treatment could increased the bulk density, tapped density and angle of repose in the cassamore. Total solubility between corn and cassamore was same and could not be increased by steam treatments. Cassamore had nutritional equivalents to corn, but had higher crude fiber and slightly lower energy.
Keyword: cassamore, chemical properties, physical properties, steam, total solubility

Judul: Optimization Of Cassamore (Cassava Moringa) Extrusion Process Made From Cassava As A Feed Substitute For Corn
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan optimasi suhu dan kadar air proses hydrothermal ekstrusi, serta menganalisa pengaruh ekstrusi terhadap karakteristik kimia pada bahan pakan Cassamore sebagai pakan pengganti jagung. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan metode response surface methodology melalui aplikasi statistik design expert 13 dengan faktor suhu ekstrusi 100, 110, 120 (ºC) dan kadar air 16, 18, 20 (%). Lalu dilakukan penelitian lanjut untuk sifat fisik dan kimia Cassamore dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa Cassamore berpotensi menggantikan jagung. Nilai water absorption index signifikan dengan nilai optimal terletak pada suhu 100 °C dan kadar air 20%, sedangkan nilai water solubility index tidak signifikan. Nilai kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, sudut tumpukan, berat jenis pada Cassamore setelah ekstrusi lebih kecil daripada Cassamore yang sebelum diekstrusi. Nilai kerapatan tumpukan dan kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan pada Cassamore dibawah jagung, sedangkan sudut tumpukan Cassamore diatas jagung. Nilai Berat jenis Cassamore sesudah diekstrusi dibawah jagung. Sifat kimia (abu, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar) mengalami penurunan setelah ekstrusi, sedangkan BETN meningkat setelah ekstrusi., This study aimed to optimize the temperature and water content of the hydrothermal extrusion process, as well as analyze the effect of extrusion on the physical and chemical characteristics of Cassamore feed ingredients as a corn substitute feed. This research method used response surface methodology method through the statistical application design expert 13 with factors of extrusion temperature 100, 110, 120 (ºC) and water content 16, 18, 20 (%). Then further research is carried out for physical properties and chemistry Cassamore used a completely randomized design (CRD) which consisted of three treatments and four replications. The results showed that Cassamore has the potential to replace corn. The water absorption index value is significant with the optimal value located at 100 °C and 20% moisture content, while the water solubility index value is not significant. The values of bulk density, tapped density, angle of respose ST, BJ on Cassamore after being extruded were smaller than those of Cassamore before being extruded. The bulk density and tapped density values for Cassamore were below corn, while Cassamore's angle of respose was above corn. Cassamore's specific grafity value after extruding under corn. Chemical properties (Ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber) decreased after extrusion, NFE increased after extrusion.
Keyword: bungkil inti sawit, ekstrusi, jagung, kelor, singkong

Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model