Judul: Validation of analytical method for tetracyclines antibiotic residues in broiler chicken meat by high performance liquid chromatography.
Abstrak: Tetracyline (TC), oxytetracycline (OTC), and chlortetracycline (CTC) are antibiotics that have been widely used by poultryman to prevent diseases in dairy broiler chicken. Overuse of these antibiotics may lead to the presence of its residues in animal products including meat. Clinic implication which are caused by the consumption of animal products contains antibiotic residues are allergy, intoxication, and spesific of antibiotic resistance. Tetracyclines residue in broiler chicken meat can be analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) simultaneously with photodiode array detector on wavelength of 355 and 368 nm. The meat was extracted with McIlvaine-EDTA buffer solution and trichloroacetic acid to separate its proteins then purified in SPE C18. Tetracyclines residues was further analyzed with HPLC by using C18 Bondapak column and oxalic acid 0,0025 M-acetonitrile (4:1) with flow rate 1 ml/min. The linearity test presented a correlation coefficient of 0.99969 for OTC, 0.99947 for TC, and 0.99934 for CTC. Recovery was 48-116% according to standard addition method with acceptable limit 80-120%. The limit of detection for OTC, TC, and CTC were 5.28, 5.09, and 10.52 ppb and limit of quantitation for OTC, TC, and CTC were 5.93, 5.3, and 13.52 ppb, respectively. The analysis of broiler chicken meat from Jakarta, Bekasi, and Depok showed the amount of tetracyclines residue were from 5 to 68 ppb. According to the maximum residue limit stipulated by SNI 01-6066-2000 (100 ppb), therefore, these broiler chicken meat samples were relatively safe to be consumed.
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Judul: Analisis Residu Antibiotika Tetrasiklin dalam Susu Bubuk yang Diimpor melalui Pelabuhan Laut Tanjung Priok
Abstrak: Using antibiotics in dairy farm are popular for therapy or applied as a stimulant growth. However, the presence of antibiotic residue in milk causes harmful effects on consumer's health. Tetracycline is one of the antibiotic used in an effort to improve the health of livestock, especially in disease treatment. The aim of this research was to analyze tetracycline residue in imported milk powder. Sixty imported milk powder samples were collected at Tanjung Priok Sea Port. All samples were tested using enzym linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening test and the result showed 8 out of 60 samples (13.33%) were positive of tetracycline residue. Eight samples which were positive determined by ELISA then were confirmed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Five of the 8 samples contained tetracycline residue in the confirmation method. Five samples contained tetracycline residue in a high concentration, which was above the maximum residue limit according to the National Standardization Agency of Indonesia.
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Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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