Judul: The principles of animal welfare on the use of Southern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) at Macaca nemestrina Training Place, Pariaman Town
Abstrak: Beruk merupakan jenis monyet yang mempunyai ekor pendek seperti ekor babi, sehingga sering disebut pigtail monkey. Beruk termasuk ke dalam kategori Endangered oleh International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Salah satu pemanfaatan beruk dilakukan di tempat pelatihan beruk, Kota Pariaman. Beruk dilatih untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi rekan kerja di perkebunan kelapa. Pemanfaatan beruk sebaiknya tetap mengacu pada prinsip kesejahteraan hewan dimana satwa liar harus dipelihara pada lingkungan yang dapat memberikan pilihan bagi satwa untuk dapat berperilaku seperti di habitanya. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan mengetahui prinsip-prinsip kesejahteraan hewan dan dampaknya terhadap pemanfaatan beruk di tempat pelatihan beruk. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dan dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian lainnya secara naratif deskriptif. Prinsip lima kebebasan menjadi parameter kesejahteraan beruk yaitu bebas dari rasa lapar dan haus, bebas dari rasa tidak nyaman, bebas dari rasa sakit, luka dan penyakit, bebas dari rasa takut dan stress, dan bebas untuk mengekspresikan tingkah laku alamiah. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pemenuhan prinsip kesejahteraan hewan pada pemanfaatan beruk di tempat pelatihan beruk masih belum memadai. Kesejahteraan hewan yang buruk dapat berdampak pada kesehatan dan pemeliharaan hewan tersebut, Macaca nemestrina (beruk) is a type of monkey that has a short tail like a pig-tailed. Therefore, it is often called by pigtail monkey. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) listed Southern pigtailed macaques into endangered category. One of the uses of Southern pig-tailed macaque was carried out at Beruk training place, Pariaman City. Southern pigtailed macaques were trained to be used as working partners in the coconut plantations. The use of Southern pig-tailed macaques should be appropriate where the wild animals must be kept in an environment that could provide choices for animals to behave the same as in their own habitat. This study aims to determine the principles of animal welfare and the use of Southern pig-tailed macaques at Beruk training place. The collected data will be analyzed and compared to the result of other studies by a descriptive narrative. The five freedoms of animal welfare will be a parameter of Southern pig-tailed macaques’ welfare, namely freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury and disease, freedom from fear and distress, and freedom to express normal behavior. The results of analysis showed that the principles of animal welfares in the use of macaques at beruk training place is not fulfilled. The lack of animal welfare could affect to the animals health and well being
Keyword: animal welfare, Macaca nemestrina, beruk training place

Judul: Perbandingan Preferensi Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) Usia Muda terhadap Perangkat Pengayaan Lingkungan di Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB
Abstrak: Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) adalah satwa primata endemis Indonesia dan digunakan sebagai salah satu hewan model dalam penelitian. Pemanfaatan beruk dalam dunia biomedis harus mengacu pada prinsip kesejahteraan hewan. Pemeliharaan beruk pada penangkaran ex situ atau fasilitas buatan berpotensi memengaruhi perilakunya menjadi abnormal, sehingga pengayaan lingkungan penting untuk mempertahankan perilaku alaminya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respon beruk terhadap pemberian objek baru yang dapat dijadikan sarana pengayaan lingkungan yang memperkaya aktivitas satwa sehari-hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan tujuh ekor beruk berkoloni usia 1 – 2 tahun. Pengamatan perilaku dilakukan saat pemberian perangkat pengayaan lingkungan berupa puzzle ball dan rumput sintetis sebagai sarana pemberian sayuran. Perilaku yang diamati adalah eating, exploring, foraging, socializing, aggressiveness, fighting, playing, dan inactive. Berdasarkan studi ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengamatan perilaku Macaca nemestrina di Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB yang diberikan perangkat pengayaan lingkungan berupa puzzle ball dan rumput sintetis menunjukkan perilaku yang didominasi perilaku eating, exploring, dan foraging. Pemberian perangkat pengayaan akan mendorong sifat alamiahnya pada beruk, khususnya perilaku foraging dan exploring. Sementara, perilaku yang teramati tanpa pemberian perangkat pengayaan didominasi perilaku inactive dan playing., Pigtail macaque (Macaca nemestrina) is an endemic primate of Indonesia and is used as one of the model animals in research. The use of macaques in the biomedical world must refer to the principles of animal welfare. The maintenance of macaques in ex situ captivity or artificial facilities has the potential to influence their behavior to become abnormal, so environmental enrichment is important to maintain their natural behavior. The purpose of this research is to determine the ape's response to giving new objects that can be used as a means of enriching the environment that enriches the daily activities of animals. This study used seven macaques in colonies aged 1 – 2 years. Behavioral observations were made when giving environmental enrichment in the form of puzzle balls and synthetic grass as a means of giving vegetables. The observed behaviors were eating, exploring, foraging, socializing, aggressiveness, fighting, playing and silent. Based on this study, it can be concluded that observations of the behavior of Macaca nemestrina at the Primate Research Center of IPB University, which were given environmental enrichment, showed behavior that was dominated by eating, exploring, and foraging behavior. The provision of enrichment will encourage their natural properties in macaques, especially foraging and exploring behavior. Meanwhile, the observed behavior without the provision of enrichment was dominated by silent and playing behavior.
Keyword: perilaku, kesejahteraan hewan, foraging, exploring

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4