Judul: Perancangan Prototipe Sistem Temu Kembali Informasi Menggunakan Algoritma Fuzzy Clustering
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi, khususnya teknologi Internet menyebabkan limpahan informasi, hal ini menjadikan mesin pencari sebagai perangkat yang memainkan peranan sangat penting. Pada saat ini kebanyakan mesin pencari Internet menggunakan teknik representasi peringkat. Masalah pada teknik representasi peringkat muncul bila hasil pencarian yang diperoleh terlalu banyak. Untuk membantu pengguna dalam mengatasi masalah ini, perlu dipikirkan suatu teknik representasi lain. Salah satu cara adalah dengan mengelompokkan dokumen hasil query yang memiliki kemiripan, misalkan dokumen-dokumen yang memiliki kesamaan subyek dapat dimasukkan dalam satu kelompok atau cluster. Untuk mengelompokkan dokumen, diperlukan algoritma clustering. Saat ini sudah banyak algoritma clustering, antara lain K-Means, Buckshot, Fuzzy CMeans, Hyperspherical Fuzzy c-Means (H-FCM), ε-Insentive Fuzzy C-Means (ε-FCM), Competitive Clustering by Learning (CCL), Fuzzy CCL (FCCL) serta algoritma Fuzzy Subtractive Clustering (FSC).
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Judul: Prototipe Specific Domain Search Engine Dengan Menggunakan Metode Kluster Berhirarki
Abstrak: General purpose search engine memung menawarkan ban yak informasi bagi penggunanya, namun memiliki satu kekurangan yuitu nilai precision dari hasil t(,mu kembalinya kecil. Salah satu alternatif solusinya adalah dengan mcnggunakan specific domain search el7~ine. schingga sistern temu kembali dibatasi hanya pada domain tertentu suja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah penggunaan metode kluster berhirarki dalam sistem temu kcmbali untuk mcmbangull specific domain search engine dan kinerja metode kluster berhiraki dalm1l .sistem temu kembali.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable