Judul: Study of the consumption pattern and food demand in eastern region of Indonesia
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola konsumsi dan permintaan pangan di wilayah Kawasan Timur Indonesia (KTI). Data yang digunakan adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) tahun 1996 yang dikumpulkan oleh Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS). Analisis deskriptif digunakan untuk mempelajari pola konsumsi, sedangkan untuk menganalsis permintaan pangan digunakan model ekonometrika 'linear approximation almost ideal demand system' (MAIDS)., This research is aimed to study consumption pattern and food demand in Eastern Region of Indonesia (ERI). The study used data resulted from National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) 1996 collected by Central Bureau of Statistics (Biro Pusat Statistik). Descriptive analysis is used for studying consumption pattern and Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model is used for analyzing food demand. Results of the study show as follows : (1) rice is dominant in structure of household budget, energy and protein contribution of household in ERI, (2) in some provinces of ERI, there was shifting in consumption pattern of stapple food from non-rice to rice between 1976 and 1996, (3) consumption of food as source of carbohydrate in rural areas is higher than in urban areas, but it was vice versa for the consumption, (5) household food demand in rural areas was more responsive to price and income changes than the household in urban areas, and household with the higher income was less responsive to the price and income changes, and (6) number of household member and education level of head of household influenced significantly food demand of household in ERI.
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Judul: Sistem permintaan pangan di Jawa
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari hubungan permintaan kelompok komoditi pangan dengan harga kelompok komoditi yang bersangkutan, harga kelompok komoditi lain dan pengeluaran makanan yang diperinci menurut lokasi tempat tinggal (pedesaan/kota) dan daerah (propinsi). Untuk menduga nilai elastisitas permintaan digunakan model sistem, yaitu: Almost Ideal Demand System (AIDS) dan Transcendental Logarithmic Demand Function (TL). Pendugaan dilakukan secara terpisah untuk daerah pedesaaan dan kota. Kelompok komoditi yang dianalisis adalah: beras, serealia lain ubi-ubian (S+U), ikan, dan daging. Sebagai proksi Jawa digunakan tiga contoh regional yaitu: Jawa Barat, Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data olahan Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) 1984 yang dilakukan Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS) untuk survei konsumsi/pengeluaran rumah tangga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pola permintaan kelompok komoditi pangan menurut lokasi dan daerah. Pada tingkat pengeluaran rata-rata, konsumen di pedesaan membelanjakan 61-68 persen pengeluaran totalnya untuk makanan, sedangkan di kota adalah 53-58 persen.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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