Judul: Areca Palm Particle Board Using Polyurethane Resin Adhesive
Abstrak: Papan partikel dapat dibuat menggunakan bahan baku berupa limbah kayu, kayu dengan kualitas rendah, dan bahan berlignoselulosa lainnya. Papan partikel secara umum diproduksi menggunakan bahan baku kayu dengan perekat urea-formaldehida. Pelepah pinang bisa menjadi alternatif pengganti kayu sebagai bahan baku papan partakel. Poliuretan adalah perekat yang tidak menyebabkan emisi formaldehida sehingga bisa menjadi alternatif perekat yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran partikel dan kerapatan pada sifat fisis, sifat mekanis, dan absorpsi suara papan partikel pelepah pinang. Papan partikel ini dibuat dengan menggunakan ukuran partikel (>14 mesh, 14-20 mesh, dan 20-40 mesh) dan kerapatan (0,3 g/cm3, 0,4 g/cm3, dan 0,5 g/cm3). Papan partikel dibuat dengan 20% kadar perekat poliuretan dan ukuran 35 x 35 x 2 cm. Pengujian sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis mengacu pada Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 03-2105-2006. Absorpsi suara mengacu pada standar ISO 11654-1997. Hasil penelitian sifat fisis papan partikel pelepah pinang yaitu kadar air berkisar 8,16-9,68%, kerapatan 0,28-0,52 g/cm3, daya serap air berkisar 156,92-274,33%, dan pengembangan tebal berkisar 12-26,3%. Sifat mekanis papan partikel pelepah pinang yaitu MOE berkisar 0,21-6,90 N/mm2, MOR berkisar 0,21 N/mm2, dan IB berkisar 0,03-0,22 N/mm2. Contoh uji papan partikel pelepah pinang paling optimum untuk absorpsi suara di setiap ukuran partikel berada di kerapatan 0,3 g/cm3 berada pada kelas B berdasarkan klasifikasi absorpsi suara ISO 11654 (1997). Semakin kecil ukuran partikel maka penyerapan suara akan semakin bagus., Raw materials such as wood waste, low-quality wood, and other lignocellulosic materials can be used to make particle board. Particle board is generally produced using wood as raw material with urea-formaldehyde adhesive. Areca nut bark can be an alternative to wood as a raw material for particle board. Polyurethane is an adhesive that does not emit formaldehyde, so it can be an alternative to environmentally friendly adhesive. This study aims to analyze the effect of particle size and density on the physical properties, mechanical properties, and sound absorption of areca nut particle board. This particleboard was made using particle size (>14 mesh, 14-20 mesh, and 20-40 mesh) and density (0,3 g/cm3; 0,4 g/cm3; and 0,5 g/cm3). The particle board is made with 20% polyurethane adhesive content and measures 35 x 35 x 2 cm. Tests for physical properties and mechanical properties refer to the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) 03-2105-2006. Sound absorption refers to the ISO 11654-1997 standard. Particleboards made from areca nut fronds have a water content of 8,16% to 9,68%, density of 0,28 g/cm3 to 0,52 g/cm3, water absorption of 156,92% to 274,33%, and thickness swelling of 12% to 26,3%. Mechanical properties include MOE ranging from 0,21 N/mm2 to 6,90 N/mm2, MOR at 0,21 N/mm2, and IB from 0,03 N/mm2 to 0,22 N/mm2. The most optimal areca nut frond particle board test example for sound absorption in each particle size is at a density of 0,3 g/cm3 and is in class B based on the sound absorption classification ISO 11654 (1997). The smaller the particle size, the better the sound absorption.
Keyword: sound absorption, density, interaction, particle size

Judul: Papan Partikel Dari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit Menggunakan Perekat Asam Sitrat dan Molase
Abstrak: Pelepah kelapa sawit merupakan biomassa kelapa sawit yang biasanya tidak dimanfaatkan secara optimal, pelepah kelapa sawit memiliki kandungan lignoselulosa yang berpotensi untuk dijadikan papan partikel dan ketersediannya yang cukup melimpah.Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan papan partikel yang ramah lingkungan tanpa menggunakan bahan kimia berbahaya. Selain itu, menganalisis pengaruh kadar perekat dengan menggunakan asam sitrat dan molase terhadap karakteristik sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel. Papan dibuat dengan kerapatan target 0,8 g/cm³ dan ukuran 30 x 30x 0,6 cm menggunakan kempa panas suhu 200°C selama 10 menit dengan tekanan 5 Mpa. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel mengacu pada standar SNI 03-2105-2006 (kerapatan, kadar air, daya serap air, pengembangan tebal, MOE, MOR, dan keteguhan rekat). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan kadar perekat berpengaruh nyata terhadap karakteristik sifat fisis dan mekanis papan partikel Semakin tinggi kadar perekat yang ditambahkan mampu meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis pada papan plafon yang dibuat., Palm fronds are palm biomass that is usually not used optimally, palm fronds have lignocellulose content that has the potential to be used as a particleboard and its availability is quite abundant. This study aims to produce environmentally friendly particle boards without the use of harmful chemicals. In addition, it analyzes the effect of adhesive levels using citric acid and molasses on the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards. The board was made with a target density of 0,8 g/cm³ and a size of 30 x 30x 0,6 cm using a heat felt of 200°C for 10 minutes with a pressure of 5 Mpa. Testing of the physical and mechanical properties of particle boards refers to the standard SNI 03-2105-2006 (density, moisture content, water absorption, thickness swelling, MOE, MOR, and internal bounding). The results of this research show that the adhesive content has a significant effect on the characteristics of the physical and mechanical properties of composite ceiling boards. The higher the adhesive content added is able to improve the physical and mechanical properties of the ceiling board made.
Keyword: adhesive content, citric acid, molasses, palm fronds, particle board

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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