Judul: Daya Saing dan Aliran Perdagangan Biji Pala Indonesia di Pasar Dunia
Abstrak: Indonesia is listed as an exporter of nutmeg seeds with the highest export value during 2012 to 2020. However, the growth in the value of exports to the main export destination countries tend to be negative. In addition, the growth in the value of exports was lower than the growth in the value of imports of nutmeg. This means that Indonesia has not been able to optimize its export potential. Export development can be done by knowing the competitiveness of the export destination country and knowing the determinants of the nutmeg trade. Countries that have strong commodity competitiveness in export destination countries will be able to dominate and survive in the midst of global competition. This study aims to 1) determine the competitiveness of Indonesian nutmeg on the world market and in ten export destination countries, 2) determine the export position of nutmeg in export destination countries, 3) determine the factors that influence the flow of Indonesian nutmeg trade to destination countries. exports, and 4) knowing the export potential of Indonesian nutmeg seeds. The study uses secondary data in the form of panel data of whole and powdered nutmeg for the period 2012 to 2019 with research variables namely Indonesia's PDB, PDB of export destination countries, economic distance, population, and sanitary and phytosanitary dummy (SPS). The data is processed using revealed comparative advantage (RCA) analysis to determine competitiveness, dynamic revealed comparative advantage (DRCA) to determine the position of competitiveness, gravity model approach to determine the determinants of nutmeg trade, and trade potential analysis to determine the potential trade in nutmeg in Indonesia. future. The results of the analysis using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) show that whole nutmeg seeds and powdered nutmeg from Indonesia are competitive in the international market. Indonesia's nutmeg seeds in ten export destination countries are also competitive, with the highest competitiveness of whole nutmeg seeds found in Italy and Germany, while the competitiveness of powdered nutmeg is highest in Germany and France. Based on the Dynamic Revealed Comparative Advantage (DRCA) analysis, the results show that the competitiveness growth of the two products has always been positive in Japan, thus bringing the competitiveness position in Japan to a rising star in the fourth period (2018-2020). The results of the gravity model approach show that Indonesia's GDP, GDP of export destination countries, and the SPS dummy have a negative effect on trade in whole nutmeg seeds, while economic distance and population have a positive iii effect. Meanwhile, the effect on the trade of powdered nutmeg by Indonesia's GDP, export destination GDP, population, and the SPS dummy is positive, while the economic distance is negative. In the future, Indonesia's exports of whole nutmeg seeds still have the potential to expand to all export destination countries. Meanwhile, the expansion of Indonesia's nutmeg powder exports is still possible to expand it to India, the United States, and Japan.
Keyword: competitiveness, gravity model, nutmeg, trade potential

Judul: Competitiveness and Affecting Factors of Indonesian Nutmeg Export
Abstrak: The agricultural sector is a sector that makes a huge contribution to the GNP. Nutmeg is one of Indonesia's plantation export commodities that has high economic value. Indonesia's nutmeg export value during the period 2010-2019 quite volatile and there are still several obstacles that cause Indonesia’s nutmeg experienced rejection in destination countries. The objectives of this study are: 1) analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian nutmeg exports; 2) analyze the factors affecting Indonesian nutmeg exports. This study uses RCA, EPD, TII and Diamond's Porter method to determine the competitiveness of nutmeg, and uses a Gravity Model to determine the factors that affect Indonesian nutmeg exports. The RCA's results shows that Indonesian nutmeg has a higher comparative advantage in the six destination countries. The EPD's results are the Rising Star of the United Arab Emirates, the Falling Star of Vietnam and Germany, the Lost Opportunity of China and the Retreat of the United States. TII shows that Indonesia has intense trade relations with China, Vietnam, the Netherlands and the United States. In Diamond Porter's analysis, the supporting industry factors have not been optimal in supporting the competitiveness of Indonesia’s nutmeg exports, while other factors tend to be positive in supporting the competitiveness of Indonesia’s nutmeg. The Gravity Model's results shows that all independent variables have a significant impact on the export value of nutmeg.
Keyword: Diamond’s Porter, EPD, Gravity Model, RCA, TII

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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