Judul: The Impact of Forest and Peatland Fires on Humans and The Environment (Case Study : Village Bunsur, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency, Riau Province)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan perspektif ekologi manusia untuk menghubungkan dampak kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut terhadap kondisi manusia dan lingkungan hidup di Desa Bunsur, Kecamatan Sungai apit, Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau. Responden penelitian ini merupakan rumah tangga petani pemilik lahan yang pernah mengalami kebakaran pada lahannya. Kejadian kebakaran yang dialami terhitung sejak tahun 2014-2019 dengan jumlah responden 40 rumah tangga petani yang dipilih berdasarkan teknik bola salju. Pendekatan yang dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan, pertama, secara keseluruhan penyebab terjadinya kebakaran berasal dari tingkah laku manusia, yang kemudian diperparah dengan kondisi alam pada lahan sehingga kebakaran menjadi lebih parah. Kedua, secara keseluruhan tingkat keparahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut ditentukan oleh kondisi lahan gambut yang sangat kering dan vegetasi lahan belukar ketika peristiwa kebakaran berlangsung. Ketiga, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan nyata positif antara faktor alam dengan durasi kebakaran, hubungan nyata positif antara faktor alam dengan tinggi api saat kebakaran berlangsung, hubungan nyata positif antara tingkat keparahan kebakaran hutan dan lahan gambut dengan dampak yang ditimbulkan pada masyarakat di Desa Bunsur., This study uses a human ecology perspective to relate the impact of forest and peatland fires on human conditions and environment in Bunsur Village, Sungai Apit District, Siak Regency, Riau Province. Respondents of this study were farmer households who owned land that had experienced fires on their land. The incidence of fire experienced since 2014-2019 with a total of 40 farmer households selected based on the snowball technique. The approach used is a quantitative approach that is supported by qualitative data. The results of this study indicate, first, that the overall cause of the fires tends to come from human behavior, which is then exacerbated by natural conditions on the land so that the fires become more severe. Second, the overall severity of forest and peatland fires is determined by the condition of very dry peatland shrubby vegetation when the first occur. Third, this study shows that there is a significant positive relationship between natural factors and the duration of fire, a significant positive relationship between natural factors and the height of the fire during the fire, a significant positive relationship between the severity of forest and peatland fires and the impact on the community in Bunsur Village.
Keyword: Impact of peatland fires, factors causing of fire, fire severity

Judul: Estimating the Severity of Peat Fires in Siak Regency, Riau Province
Abstrak: Kebakaran yang terjadi pada lahan gambut memiliki dampak yang sangat buruk bagi kesehatan manusia dan bagi lingkungan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kebakaran tersebut perlu dianalisis lebih lanjut. Salah satu pendekatan dalam penilaian dampak kebakaran adalah pendekatan tingkat keparahan kebakaran (fire severity) yang menilai dampak kebakaran terhadap vegetasi dan sifat-sifat tanah. Perkembangan teknologi penginderaan jauh terkait penilaian tingkat keparahan kebakaran telah banyak berkembang, salah satunya dengan metode Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR). Namun, penerapan metode tersebut perlu diverifikasi dengan pengukuran di lapangan (ground check) sehingga diharapkan informasi yang diperoleh lebih akurat dan efektif dalam upaya penilaian dampak kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada estimasi tingkat keparahan kebakaran lahan gambut di Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau agar terciptanya langkah-langkah dalam upaya penanganan pascakebakaran, baik itu upaya rehabilitasi, evaluasi, dan penegakan hukum. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan pada lahan gambut terbakar di Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau. Pengolahan data analisis citra dengan metode Normalized Burning Ratio (NBR) dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga bulan Agustus 2021 di Laboratorium Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan IPB. Hasil dari perhitungan metode Normalized Burning Ratio digunakan sebagai penentuan lokasi pengambilan data sampel di lapangan. Pengambilan dan pengukuran sampel di lapangan dengan metode fire severity, dilakukan pada bulan September tahun 2021. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Normalized Burning Ratio, Kabupaten Siak memiliki luasan tingkat keparahan kebakaran tinggi sebesar 93,33 ha, tingkat keparahan sedang hingga tinggi seluas 6.081 ha, tingkat keparahan sedang hingga rendah seluas 11.467 ha, dan tingkat keparahan rendah seluas 34.724 ha. Jika dibandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran di lapangan (ground check), metode fire severity menunjukkan hasil tingkat keparahan yang sama dengan metode Normalized Burning Ratio pada lahan dengan tingkat keparahan kebakaran tinggi., Fires that occur on peatlands have a very bad impact on human health and the environment. The impact that incurred because of these fires needs to be analyzed further. One of the approaches in assessing the impact of fires is the fire severity approach, which assesses the impact of fires on vegetation and soil properties. Remote sensing technology related to the assessment of fire severity has been broadly developed, one of the methods is the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR). However, the application of this method needs to be verified with measurements in the field (ground check) in order to obtain more accuracy and effectiveness in assessing the impact of forest and land fires. This research focuses on estimating the severity of peatland fires in Siak Regency, Riau Province in order to create steps in post-fire management efforts, including rehabilitation, evaluation, and law enforcement efforts. The research location was conducted on a burning peat area in Siak Regency, Riau Province. Image analysis data processing using the Normalized Burning Ratio (NBR) method was carried out from May to August 2021 at the Forest and Land Fire Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University. The results of the calculation of the Normalized Burning Ratio method are used to determine the location of field sampling. Data collection and measurements in the field sampling using the fire severity method was carried out in September 2021. Based on the results of the Normalized Burning Ratio
Keyword: Fire Severity, NBR, Peatland Fire, Remote Sensing

Judul: Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules Formation for Leydig Cells Encapsulation
Abstrak: Hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by low concentrations of testosterone. It is caused by malfunction of Leydig cells in producing testosterone. Encapsulation method will protect the transplanted cells from the immune system rejection. The aims of this study was to optimize the formation of microcapsules for Leydig cells encapsulation. The microcapsules were made of alginate and chitosan as the first and the second coating agents, respectively. The result showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with a viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230-270 µm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted spherical microcapsule with mechanical stability in 4 hours. Leydig cells can be trapped inside the capsule with a density that proportional with concentration of cells used in the encapsulation.
Keyword: