Judul: Mineralisasi Nitrogen Dua Macam Bahan Organik Pada Tiga Tingkat Pelapukan dan Dosis Urea serta Beberapa Aspek yang Dipergunakannya Pada Latosol Darmaga
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat mineralisasi nitrogen dari bahan organik kacang tanah )nisbah C/N rendah) dan jerami padi (nisbah C/N tinggi), pengaruh tiga perlakuan peroide inkubasi (0, 15 dan 30 hari) dan tiga tingkat urea (100, 200 dan 400 kg urea/Ha) terhadapnya, serta beberapa aspek yang dipengaruhinya pada Latosol Darmaga. HAsil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanah dengan perlakuan bahan organik bagian atas tanaman kacang tanah mengandung N inorganik dalam jumlah lebih banyak dari jerami padi.
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Judul: Kandungan nitrogen dalam tanah pada kondisi tergenang akibat pemberian jerami padi dan kompos jerami padi
Abstrak: Nitrogen merupakan salah satu unsur hara yang dibutuhkan oleh tanaman dalam jumlah yang cukup besar. Nitrogen yang dilepaskan dari bahan organik tidak dapat langsung digunakan oleh tanaman, sebelumnya harus mengalami mineralisasi terlebih dahulu sehingga menjadi bentuk-bentuk yang dapat diserap oleh tanaman yaitu dalam bentuk N-NH4+ (amonium) dan N-NO3 (nitrat). Pada tanah yang digenangi N lebih tersedia dalam bentuk amonium. Nitrogen nitrat lebih cepat hilang karena proses denitrifikasi, pencucian dan diserap tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ketersediaan nitrogen dari jerami padi yang dikembalikan ke tanah melalui proses mineralisasinya pada kondisi tanah yang digenangi serta pengaruhnya terhadap pH tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah dan Laboratorium Biologi Tanah, Departemen Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB. Perlakuan yang diberikan berupa jerami padi segar (B₁), jerami padi yang dikomposkan empat bulan (B2) dan jerami padi yang dikomposkan delapan bulan (B3) dengan takaran setara dengan 92 kg N/ha. Masing-masing bahan dicampur secara merata dengan lembab lapang yang setara dengan 1.000 g tanah bobot kering mutlak kemudian ke dalam campuran tanah dengan bahan organik tersebut ditambahkan aquades, dilumpurkan dan digenangi selanjutnya campuran tersebut diinkubasi selama 120 hari. Penetapan kandungan N-NH4+, N-NO3 tanah dan pH tanah dilakukan pada hari ke-0, 7, 14, 21, 47, 70, 96 dan 120. ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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