Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di Kota Bandung dan Kaitannya dengan Ecosystem-based Adaptation
Abstrak: Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dan aktivitas manusia menyebabkan peningkatan berbagai pembangunan infrastruktur terutama di wilayah perkotaan. Peningkatan jumlah kendaraan bermotor dan perubahan tutupan lahan menjadi lahan terbangun menyebabkan peningkatan suhu permukaan sehingga berdampak pada ketidakseimbangan ekosistem di perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan dan ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) di Kota Bandung menggunakan pendekatan kebutuhan oksigen dengan metode Gerarkis, estimasi serapan emisi CO2 oleh tutupan vegetasi, NDVI dan kajian literatur mengenai keterkaitan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) dengan Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2020 kebutuhan oksigen sebesar 8,6×10^6 kg/hari membutuhkan ruang terbuka hijau (RTH) seluas 8.500 ha atau 50,8% dari luas wilayah di Kota Bandung. Kebutuhan ini diperkirakan terus meningkat hingga tahun 2035. Berdasarkan estimasi kemampuan vegetasi menyerap CO2, dibutuhkan luas RTH seluas 8.339 ha agar dapat menyerap emisi CO2 transportasi di Kota Bandung sebesar 5.286.613 ton/tahun. Ketersediaan RTH menggunakan kerapatan NDVI menghasilkan persentase luas kurang dari 15% pada tahun 2013, 2017 dan 2021, sehingga belum mencapai minimal RTH yang telah ditentukan undang-undang. Tutupan vegetasi perlu ditingkatkan guna mengurangi suhu permukaan di perkotaan. Dalam konsep EbA, ruang terbuka hijau merupakan bagian dari pemanfaatan jasa ekosistem yang digunakan untuk adaptasi perubahan iklim di perkotaan., The increase in population and human activities has led to an increase in various infrastructure developments, especially in urban areas. The increase in the number of motorized vehicles and changes in the land cover into built-up land cause an increase in surface temperature, so it impacts the balance of ecosystems in urban areas. The open research aims to analyze the need and availability of green space (GOS) in Bandung using the oxygen demand approach with the Gerarkis method, estimates of CO2 uptake by vegetation cover, NDVI, and a literature review regarding the linkage of green open space (GOS) with Ecosystem-based Adaptation (EbA). The results showed that in 2020 the oxygen demand of 8.6 × 10^6 kg/day requires green open space (GOS) of 8,500 ha or 50.8 % of the total area in the city of Bandung. This need is estimated to continue to increase in 2035. Based on the estimated growth of plants to absorb CO2, it takes an area of 8,339 ha of green open space to absorb CO2 emissions from transportation in Bandung of 5,286,613 tons/year. The availability of green open space using NDVI density resulted in an area percentage of less than 15% in 2013, 2017 and 2021, so it has not reached the minimum green open space that has been determined by law. Vegetation cover needs to be increased to reduce surface temperatures in urban areas. In the EbA concept, green open space is part of the utilization of ecosystem services that are used for climate change adaptation in urban areas.
Keyword: CO2 emissions, ecosystem-based adaptation, green open space, NDVI, oxygen demand

Judul: Evaluation of Availability of Green Open Space and Application of the Green City Concept in Bandung City
Abstrak: Urbanisasi di Kota Bandung terjadi karena perkembangan kota yang sangat dinamis di berbagai sektor sehingga menarik masyarakat dari daerah sekitarnya untuk menjadikan Kota Bandung sebagai tempat tinggal. Hal ini menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan akan lahan pemukiman dan menurunnya kualitas lingkungan. Menyikapi hal tersebut, perlu adanya konsep tata kota yang berkelanjutan dan ekologis, yaitu konsep kota hijau. Sebagai kota yang mengusung konsep kota hijau, Kota Bandung sudah memiliki banyak ruang terbuka hijau yang umumnya berupa taman kota tematik, namun bukan berarti penyediaan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Bandung sudah terpenuhi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengevaluasi ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Bandung secara spasial berbasis SIG dan penginderaan jauh, dan (2) mengevaluasi kinerja Kota Bandung dalam penerapan konsep kota hijau secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif berbasis pada Asian Green City Index. Penelitian dilakukan secara temporal dengan menggunakan tiga periode pengamatan yaitu tahun 2000, 2010 dan 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketersediaan ruang terbuka hijau di Kota Bandung selama periode tahun pengamatan mengalami penurunan. Ketersediaan RTH pada tahun 2000 seluas 5.994,16 ha (34,7%), kemudian pada tahun 2010 menurun menjadi 3.346,59 ha (19,89%) kemudian pada tahun 2020 meningkat menjadi 3.227,53 ha (19,18%). Sementara kinerja Kota Bandung mengalami peningkatan kinerja setiap periode tahun pengamatan. Performa Kota Bandung dalam penerapan konsep kota hijau pada tahun 2000 dan pada tahun 2010 berada pada tingkat di bawah rata-rata/below average (29,48% dan 36,9%). Kemudian pada tahun 2020, kinerja Kota Bandung dalam penerapan konsep kota hijau meningkat signifikan hingga berada di tingkat di atas rata-rata/above average (60,64%)., Urbanization in Bandung City occurs due to the very dynamic development of the city in various sectors that attracts people from the surrounding area to make Bandung City a place to live. This causes an increased demand for residential land and decreased environmental quality. Responding to this, it is necessary to have a sustainable and ecological city planning concept, called the green city concept. As a city that carries the concept of a green city, Bandung City already has many green open spaces, which are generally in the form of thematic city parks, but that does not mean that the provision of green open spaces in Bandung City has been fulfilled. The objectives of this study are: (1) evaluating the availability of green open space in Bandung City spatially based on GIS and remote sensing, and (2) evaluating the performance of Bandung City in the application of the green city concept quantitative and qualitative based on the Asian Green City Index. The study was conducted temporally using three periods of observation in 2000, 2010 and 2020. The results showed that the availability of green open space in Bandung City during the observation year was fluctuating. Green open space in 2000 was 7,396.73 ha (44%), then in 2010 it decreased to 2,574.14 ha (18%) until 2020 it decreased to 2,975.87 ha (21%). Meanwhile, the performance of Bandung City has increased in performance every period of the year of observation. The performance of Bandung City in the application of the green city concept in 2000 and 2010 was at a level below the average (29,48% and 36,9%),
Keyword: asian green city index, green city, sustainable city, urban landscape

Judul: Algorithm Construction of HLI Hash Function
Abstrak: Cryptography is a study of mathematical techniques related to aspects of information security regarding on confidentiality, data integrity, entity authentication, and data origin authentication. Data integrity is a service, which is associated with the conversion of data carried out by unauthorized parties. To maintain data integrity, one can use hash functions. An hash function is a computationally efficient function to map an arbitrary length bitstring to a fixed length bitstring called as hash value. The use of hash function in maintaining the information integrity and authentication is in digital signatures, virus protection, and software distribution. Illustration of the hash function in the integrity and authentication of information that is emailed as follow. The sender sends the information and hash value to the recipient. If the hash value of the information is equal to the hash value that is sent by the sender, then information has not been changed. Otherwise the information has been changed. An hash function has two properties, one way and collision resistance. An hash function is called one way if it is computationally infeasible to find any input such that when given any hash value . Meanwhile an hash function is called collision resistant if it is computationally infeasible to find any two inputs where such that . The purpose of this study is to construct a HLI hash function algorithm, to analyze the speed and security of the hash functions as a results of construction. Furthermore, it is to compare it with SWIFFT. Hash function is constructed based on the result of algebraic operations on modular polynomial ringwith . Modular polynomial ring noted as is a set of all polynomials of degree at most with coefficients in . can be represented as a set of integer vector of modulo in dimension . So, it is simple to implement in a computer. In vector operations, is lattice . Furthermore, alattice that is defined from certain polynomial ring is called ideal lattice. HLI hash function is consists of addition and multiplication algorithm in the ring. Addition algorithm consists of sumation operations of modulo and multiplication consists of multiplication operations of modulo . Generally, algorithm of HLI hash function consists of multiplication operations of modulo and addition operations of modulo . However, if the input is binary number then multiplication algorithm only consists of multiplication operation of modulo , so algorithm of HLI hash function consists of multiplication operations of modulo and addtion operations of modulo . An hash function is secured if it has two properties, i.e., one way and collision resistance. HLI hash function hash is one way, it is following the proof of Micciancio. It is has collision resistant because of polynomial is irreducible over and monic. Moreover, it is proved that for every unit vector , the vector is small vector. If the input of hash function is a binary number then HLI hash function only involves addition operations of modulo . So the time that used almost same with SWIFFT. The excellence of HLI hash function is the key size smaller than SWIFFT. This effect on
Keyword: hash function, modular polynomial ring, lattice