Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Daging-Tulang Leher Ayam Pedaging Terhadap Sifat Kimia Roti Tawar Berbasis Terigu dan Tepung Ubi Jalar.
Abstrak: Roti tawar pada saat ini merupakan salah satu produk pangan yang sesuai dengan budaya instan karena banyak masyarakat membutuhkan segala hal dengan cepat dan ringkas, sehingga roti tawar merupakan pilihan tepat bagi mereka yang tidak memiliki waktu cukup untuk mempersiapkan menu makanannya. Salah satu kekurangan dari roti tawar yang beredar saat ini adalah kandungan protein, serat pangan, kalsium, dan fosfor yang rendah. Defisiensi zat-zat tersebut akan berpengaruh pada kandungan gizi dari roti yang kemungkinan masih dapat ditingkatkan dengan penambahan beberapa bahan pangan yang tinggi akan zat-zat tersebut. Bahan utama roti yang lazim digunakan terigu. Terigu yang digunakan sebagai bahan pangan di Indonesia merupakan hasil dari gandum impor. Ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap impor gandum sangat besar dan sampai saat ini Indonesia masih mengandalkan tepung terigu sebagai bahan utama dalam pembuatan roti. Hal tersebut menyebabkan terjadinya pemborosan devisa negara. Indonesia memiliki banyak jenis bahan pangan yang sangat berpotensi dan bervariasi sebagai sumber karbohidrat yang belum diolah maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan dan melengkapi gizi roti tawar melalui penambahan tepung dagingtulang leher ayam dan tepung ubi jalar
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Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Tepung Daging-Tulang Leher Ayam Pedaging terhadap Sifat Fisik dan Organoleptik Roti Tawar Berbahan Organoleptik Roti Tawar Berbahan Terigu dan Tepung Ubi Jalar
Abstrak: Daging-tulang leher ayam pedaging mempakan salah satu hasil ikutan ternak yang pemanfaatannya masih kurang terberdayakan, padahal daging-tulang leher ayam pedaging sangat potensial sebagai sumber protein dan kalsium. Protein selain berfungsi sebagai bahan bakar dalam tubuh, juga sebagai zat pembangun dan pengatur, sedangkau kalsium dapat membantu pembentukan tulang dan gigi serta mengatur proses biologis dalam tubuh. Roti tawar yang beredar saat ini masih belum - terpenuhi kebutuhan protein dan kalsiumnya, sehiigga daging-tulang leher ayam pedaging dapat dirnanfaatkan sebagai tambahan nutrisi bagi tubuh.
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis