Judul: Potential Disease Problem of Wheat Grain in Indonesia
Abstrak: Gandum (Triticum aestivum L.) merupakan tanaman serealia yang banyak dibudidayakan di daerah subtropis dan menjadi makanan pokok di dunia. Indonesia saat ini melakukan pengembangan gandum dan menghadapi beberapa kendala, salah satunya karena penyakit bulir gandum. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan informasi mendalam tentang penyakit bulir gandum oleh cendawan yang berpotensi menjadi masalah pada pertanaman gandum di Indonesia. Analisis berdasarkan hasil Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) patogen berupa potensi masuk, menetap, berkembang, dan dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkan oleh penyakit bulir gandum. Informasi juga meliputi pentingnya penyakit tersebut, bioekologi patogennya, potensi penyakit tersebut menjadi masalah pada pertanaman gandum di Indonesia berdasarkan segitiga penyakit, dan potensi pengendaliannya. Penyakit bulir gandum yang berpotensi menjadi masalah pada pertanaman gandum di Indonesia yaitu yaitu scab/ hawar malai (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. acuminatum, F. trincictum, F. poae, F. camptoceras, F. moniliforme, F. longipes, F. sambucinum, F. nivale, F. sporotrichoides, F. chlamydosporum, F. semitectum, F. oxysporum, dan F. solani), black point/bintik hitam (Alternaria alternata, A. triticina, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, C. pallescens, Phoma glomerata, Helminthosporium sorokiniana, dan H. sativum), bercak Septoria (Septoria tritici dan S. nodorum), blast (Pyricularia oryzae dan P. graminis tritici), karnal bunt (Tilletia indica), common bunt (T. tritici dan T. laevis), dan ergot (Claviceps purpurea) dengan hasil PRA keseluruhan tergolong sedang. Walaupun baru diidentifikasi hingga genus, patogen bulir gandum yang sudah dilaporkan ada di Indonesia adalah Fusarium sp., Helmintsporium sp., Phoma sp., Curvularia sp., dan Alternaria sp., Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a cereal crop that is widely cultivated in subtropical areas and wheat is the main staple food in the world. Indonesia is currently developing wheat production and is facing several obstacles, one of which is due to wheat grain diseases. This study aims to provide in-depth information about fungal grain disease which is a potential problem in wheat cropping in Indonesia. The analysis is based on the results of the Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) of pathogens in the form of the potential of entry, establishment, spread, and the economic impact of wheat grain diseases. This information includes the importance of the diseases, the bioecology of the pathogens, the potential for the diseases to become a problem in wheat cropping system in Indonesia based on the disease triangle, and the potential to control them. Grain diseases that have the potential to become a problem in wheat production in Indonesia are scab/ panicle blight (Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. avenaceum, F. equiseti, F. acuminatum, F. trincictum, F. poae, F. camptoceras, F. moniliforme, F. longipes, F. sambucinum, F. nivale, F. sporotrichoides, F. chlamydosporum, F. semitectum, F. oxysporum, and F. solani), black point/ black spot (Alternaria alternata, A. triticina, Cladosporium cladosporioides, Curvularia lunata, C. pallescens, Phoma glomerata, Helmintshosporium sorokiniana, and H. sativum), Septoria spot (Septoria tritici and S. nodorum), blast (Pyricularia oryzae and P. graminis tritici), karnal bunt (Tilletia indica), common bunt (T. tritici and T. laevis), and ergot (Claviceps purpurea) with moderate PRA results. Although still identified to the genus level, the pathogens of wheat grain diseases that have been reported in Indonesia are Fusarium sp., Helmintsporium sp., Phoma sp., Curvularia sp., and Alternaria sp.
Keyword: bioecology, control, disease triangle, fungi, Pest Risk Analysis

Judul: Potential of Endophytic Fungi as Biocontrol Agents of Wheat Panicle Disease (Helminthosporium sp.)
Abstrak: Gandum merupakan salah satu tanaman serealia yang banyak digunakan sebagai makanan pokok di dunia. Penelitian mengenai produksi gandum di Indonesia masih dalam pengembangan. Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan produksi gandum adalah adanya serangan patogen tanaman seperti Helminthosporium sp., yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit hawar malai gandum. Hawar malai gandum merupakan salah satu penyakit penting tanaman gandum yang terdapat di lahan pertanaman gandum, sehingga diperlukan pengendalian yang sesuai. Berbagai pengendalian telah dilakukan untuk menekan perkembangan serangan patogen Helminthosporium sp. pada gandum, tetapi belum menunjukkan hasil yang memuaskan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai potensi cendawan endofit sebagai alternatif pengendalian penyakit hawar malai gandum. Metode penelitian terdiri dari isolasi cendawan patogen Helminthosporium sp. dari benih gandum dan kajian pustaka mengenai potensi cendawan endofit sebagai agens biokontrol. Pemanfaatan cendawan endofit untuk pengendalian penyakit hawar malai gandum cukup menjanjikan dan diharapkan dapat menghambat pertumbuhan patogen Helminthosporium sp., mengurangi kehilangan hasil, dan meningkatkan produktivitas gandum tanpa menimbulkan efek berbahaya bagi lingkungan dan konsumen. Cendawan endofit yang telah diujikan untuk mengendalikan Helminthosporium sp. adalah Curvularia sp., Acremonium sp., Colletotrichum sp., dan Fusarium sp. ., Wheat are one of cereal crops that widely used as staple food in the world. Research on wheat production in Indonesia is still under development. One of the obstacles during development of wheat production is the attack of plant pathogens such as Helminthosporium sp. causing wheat panicle blight disease. Wheat panicle blight is one of the important disease of wheat in the fields, so appropriate disease control is needed. Various controls have been carried out to suppress the development of Helminthosporium sp. on wheat, but have not been shown satisfaction results. This study aim to obtain information about the potential of endophytic fungi as an alternative management of wheat panicle blight disease. The research method consisted of isolation of the pathogenic fungus Helminthosporium sp. from wheat seeds and literature review on the potential of endophytic fungi as biocontrol agents. Application of endophytic fungi to control this disease is promising, and is expected to inhibit the growth of the pathogen Helminthosporium sp., to reduce the yield loss, and to increase the productivity of wheat without or less harmful effect to the environment and to consumers. Endophytic fungi that have been tested to control Helminthosporium sp. is Curvularia sp., Acremonium sp., Colletotrichum sp., and Fusarium sp. .
Keyword: development, pathogens, production, yield loss

Judul: Pembuatan dan pencirian elektrode selektif ion Lu3+ (Lutetium) dengan Ionofor 4- odekanadioilbis-(1-fenil-3-metil-5-pirazolon)
Abstrak: The ion selective electrode (ISE) performance is affected by the type of ionophore used. This research developed an Lu3+ ISE with dodecanedioylbis-(1- phenyl-3-methyl-5-pirazolone) (H2DdBP) as ionophore which has been proved selective in Lu3+ liquid-liquid extraction. The best composition of ISE obtained from this research was 33% PVC, 57% acetophenone, 5% H2DdBP, and 5% oleic acid. Linear measurement was obtained with Nernst factor of 16.57 mV/decade at 10-3−10-7 M concentration range in very acidic situation and response time was 15 to 250 seconds. ISE still could be used at pH 4 and 7, with 5% Nernst factor decrease after 30 days usage. Other ions such as Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, Ni2+, Ca2+, and La3+ did not affect the measurement of ISE.
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