Judul: Manfaat Vitamin E dan Selenium dalam Fermentasi in Vitro Ransum yang Disuplementasi Asam Lemak Tidak Jenuh
Abstrak: Minyak sebagai sumber lemak seringkali ditambahkan ke dalam ransum terutama ransum ternak ruminansia dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan kandungan energi ransum dan meningkatkan kandungan asam lemak tidak jenuh produk ternak. Akan tetapi, penambahan minyak ke dalam ransum harus diperhatikan karena memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap kecernaan nutrien ransum. Salah satu pengaruh negatif supelementasi asam lemak dapat menurunkan kecernaan, laju fermentabilitas serta populasi protozoa total rumen. Pengaruh negatif ini terjadi karena adanya reaksi oksidasi dari asam lemak terutama asam lemak tidak jenuh selama penyimpanan serta reaksi biohidrogenasi di dalam rumen. Salah satu contoh minyak sumber asam lemak jenuh adalah CPO, dan sumber asam lemak tidak jenuh adalah minyak jagung. Penambahan antioksidan dapat meminimalisasi pengaruh negatif dari oksidasi dan biohidrogenasi asam lemak tidak jenuh. Antioksidan alami yang umum digunakan adalah vitamin C, selenium (Se), karotenoid, flavonoid, minyak esensial dan vitamin E (Purba, 2010). Pada penelitian ini antioksidan yang digunakan adalah vitamin E dan selenium (Se). Selenium yang umum digunakan untuk supelementasi pada ternak adalah sodium selenit (Na2SeO3). Informasi mengenai peran antioksidan dalam mempengaruhi oksidasi asam lemak dan pengaruhnya terhadap kecernaan belum banyak diketahui.Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan antioksidan terhadap ferementasi in vitro pakan yang disuplementasi dengan asam lemak jenuh dan asam lemak tidak jenuh.
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Judul: Pengaruh Suplementasi Minyak Kaya Asam Lemak Tidak Jenuh Terhadap Fermentabilitas Rumen In Vitro: Studi Literatur
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh suplementasi minyak kaya asam lemak tidak jenuh tunggal dan jamak terhadap fermentabilitas rumen in vitro. Sebanyak 49 studi dengan total 278 data dianalisis menggunakan model matematis analisis regresi dengan software IBM SPSS versi 20. Hasil menunjukkan berpengaruh signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap penurunan asetat dan rasio asetat:propionat pada suplementasi minyak kaya asam lemak tidak jenuh tunggal; kecernaan bahan kering, VFA total, asetat, dan populasi protozoa pada suplementasi minyak kaya asam lemak tidak jenuh jamak; serta berpengaruh sangat signifikan (P<0,01) terhadap penurunan kecernaan bahan organik, rasio asetat:propionat, produksi gas metana pada suplementasi minyak kaya asam lemak tidak jenuh jamak. Hasil analisis juga menunjukkan bahwa berpengaruh sangat signifikan (P<0,01) terhadap peningkatan pH dan propionat pada suplementasi minyak kaya asam lemak tidak jenuh tunggal, serta populasi bakteri pada suplementasi minyak kaya asam lemak tidak jenuh jamak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa suplementasi minyak kaya asam lemak tidak jenuh jamak lebih besar pengaruhnya terhadap fermentabilitas rumen in vitro., This research aims to analyze the effect of supplementation oil rich in monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids on rumen fermentability in vitro. A total of 49 studies with a total of 278 data were analyzed using a regression analysis mathematical model with IBM SPSS software version 20. The results showed a significant effect (P<0,05) on the decrease in acetate and acetate:propionate ratio in the supplementation of oil rich in monounsaturated fatty acids; dry matter digestibility, total VFA, acetate, and protozoa population on supplementation of oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids; and had a very significant effect (P<0,01) on decreasing organic matter digestibility, acetate:propionate ratio, and methane gas production on supplementation of oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. The results of the analysis also showed that there was a very significant effect (P<0,01) on the increase in pH and propionate on supplementation of oil rich in monounsaturated fatty acids, as well as the bacterial population on supplementation of oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids. It can be concluded that supplementation of oil rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids has a greater effect on rumen fermentability in vitro.
Keyword: bacteria population, methane gas, rumen fermentability, unsaturated fatty acid

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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