Judul: Keberadaan Kapang Dermatofita Yang Diisolasi Dari Klinik Dan Toko Hewan Peliharaan Di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Dermatofita adalah kelompok cendawan patogen kulit. Mereka dapat mencemari dan membentuk spora di lingkungan sehingga keberadaannya sulit dihilangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keberadaan Dermatofita, persentase cemaran kelompok cendawan Dermatofita, dan rasio spesies-spesies Dermatofita dengan cendawan lainnya di beberapa klinik dan toko hewan peliharaan di Kota Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan di 10 klinik dan toko hewan peliharaan. Contoh usapan lantai dan udara diambil dari ruang tunggu, ruang pemandian hewan, ruang inap, dan ruang periksa. Contoh usapan lantai dan udara ditanam di media pertumbuhan dan diinkubasi selama satu minggu pada suhu 37°C. Setelah masa inkubasi dicapai, koloni yang tumbuh didentifikasi secara makroskopik dan mikroskopik. Penelitian ini mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi satu spesies Dermatofita, Microsporum canis. Spesies ini banyak terisolasi di media SDA yang dimodifikasi dari contoh yang berasal dari ruang periksa. Jumlah keberadaan Microsporum canis dari seluruh jenis cendawan yang terisolasi adalah 2,73% pada contoh usapan lantai dan 2,80% pada contoh udara dan rataan jumlah Dermatofita adalah 3,74% dari 10 lokasi pengambilan contoh.
Keyword: cendawan, Dermatofita, cemaran, klinik dan toko hewan

Judul: Cendawan Pencemar di Pakaian Pegawai Pemandi Hewan (Groomer) Di Bebarapa Klinik dan Toko Hewan Piara di Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Cendawan terdiri atas jamur, khamir dan kapang. Cendawan tidak dapat melakukan fotosintesis, bersifat saprofit atau bahkan bersifat parasitik. Cendawan memperoleh nutrisi dengan cara absorbsi dan berkembangbiak menggunakan spora seksual dan aseksual. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui keberadaan cemaran cendawan pada pakaian pegawai pemandi hewan sebelum kegiatan memandikan hewan dimulai. Cara usapan dan cara tempel digunakan untuk mengisolasi contoh yang diambil dari lima titik (kanan atas, kiri atas, tengah, kanan bawah dan kiri bawah) pada pakaian bagian depan pegawai pemandi hewan. Contoh diambil dari beberapa klinik dan toko hewan piara di wilayah Kota Bogor dan dibiakkan pada media agar SDA dan SDA-m. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 16 jenis cendawan yang dapat diisolasi dari pakaian pegawai pemandi hewan. Beberapa cendawan patogen seperti Fusarium sp., Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatus dan Candida albicans dapat diisolasi dari contoh. Fusarium sp. merupakan jenis cendawan yang paling banyak diisolasi yaitu sebesar 20,00%.
Keyword: pakaian pegawai pemandi hewan, cendawan pencemar, klinik hewan peliharaan, toko hewan piara

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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