Judul: Deteksi cepat virus avian influenza dengan anigen dan penentuan subtipe H5 menggunakan reverse transcription-PCR(Polymerase chain reaction)
Abstrak: Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) atau yang biasa disebut flu burung merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan virus influenza tipe A yang menyerang burung. Virus ini memiliki inang alami pada burung liar. Flu burung tidak membuat burung liar sakit, tetapi mampu membuat unggas domestik/piaraan seperti ayam dan bebek sakit bahkan mati. Penyakit ini menular dari burung ke burung, tetapi dapat juga menular ke manusia. Sedangkan penularan dari manusia ke manusia sam pai saat ini belum ditemukan. Deteksi Avian Influenza (AI) dapat dilakukan dengan cara konvensional, seperti isolasi virus pada telur SPF (Specific Pathogen Free) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan tes serologi. Deteksi AI juga dapat dilakukan dengan mendeteksi virus AI secara molekuler. Penelitian ini menggunakan sebelas sampel dari swab kloaka dan feses dari berbagai macam burung. Sebagai kontrol positif digunakan virus HPAI subtipe H5 yang telah dikarakterisasi. Sampel dideteksi dini dengan kit komersial Anigen®, diikuti dengan RT-PCR untuk mengetahui subtipe dari virus tersebut. Hasil deteksi virus AI dengan uji cepat (Anigen®) ditemukan semua sampel (100%) sebanyak sebelas, positif mengandung virus AI. Sebelas sampel yang positif Anigen® ternyata hanya delap an (73%) yang positif dengan RT-PCR primer matriks dan enam (55%) yang positif RT-PCR primer H5. Anigen® dan RT -PCR dapat digunakan dengan baik untuk mendeteksi dan mengetahui subtipe dari virus AI burung peliharaan. Burung yang terinfeksi HPAI subtipe H5 tidak menunjukkan gejala klinis. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa burung peliharaan dapat merupakan sumber penyebaran penyakit AI. Oleh karena itu perlu adanya kewaspadaan terhadap keberadaan burung peliharaan yang dapat menularkan penyakit ke manusia.
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Judul: Kemampuan Netralisasi Antibodi Spesifik Avian Influenza H5 Terhadap Beberapa Virus H5N1 Isolat Lapang
Abstrak: Avian Influenza (AI) is well known as Avian flu, Fowl pest, Fowl plaque, or Flu burung, caused by influenza virus type A. This virus is belonged to Orthomyxoviridae and could infect many kind of species such as bird, pig, horse, cat, as well as human. Vaccination is applied to control the disease using inactivated vaccine, which induced the specific antibody against H5 antigen. Passive immunization using specific antisera against H5 antigen is thought to be usefull in controlling the disease especially in the treatment of infected host. In this experiment the neutralization ability of specific antisera against H5 were studied using various field viral isolates subtype H5N1. Antisera was developed in Cavia porcellus which vaccinated with AI subtype H5N1 in activated vaccine. The titre of antisera obtained is 28 used HI test. Four AI virus subtype H5N1 isolates from 2003 to 2006 agains viral were we as tested virus. The neutralization test showed that the sera were able to neutralizing 10 4 EID50 AI virus H5N1 with neutralization index range between 1,1– 1,3. The result indicated that the specific antisera had the neutralization potency to the field virus.
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Judul: Pengaruh Lama Reaksi dan Laju Alir SO3 pada Produksi Surfaktan Methyl Ester Sulfonate Acid (Mesa) dari Metil Ester Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L)
Abstrak: Surfactant is an active agent which could reduce surface tension. Surfactant could be found in cleaning agent, emulsifier, and homogenizer. Applications of surfactant are in detergent industry, food and beverage industry, and oil industry. According to its hydrophilic complex we could divide surfactant into four groups which is anionic surfactant, cationic surfactant, amphoteric surfactant, and non-ionic surfactant. Anionic surfactant is the most needed surfactant in the world Methyl ester sulfonates Acid (MESA) are one of the anionic surfactant which is renewable. One of the prospective feedstock of MESA is jatropha curcas. The dominant fatty acid of jatropha curcas oil is C16 unti 18. This fatty acid will have good detergency if it converted to surfactant. Jatropha curcas also doesn’t compete with food as a industry feedstock. Sulfonation method to produce MESA are falling film method with Single Tube Falling Film Reactor (STFR) 5 liter scale. The feedstock are jatropha curcas oil which is converted to methyl ester trough esterification process and continued with trans-esterification process (es-trans). The reactant which is used is sulfur trioxide (SO3). This reactant is chosen because it more reactive and produce less sludge than H2SO4 or Na2SO3 reactant. This research scope is only cover MESA production. MESA is an intermediate product for MES which is not purified yet. The goal of this research is to know the effect of reaction time and reactant flow rate to physic-chemical characteristic of MESA. The levels of reaction time are 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 minutes. The SO3 reactant flow rate levels are 2,2, 2,8 dan 3,0 kg/hour. Analyses of MESA cover interfacial tension, surface tension reduction, iodine value, active matter content, acid value, and pH. . The range of interfacial tension of MESA are 1,1-4,43 dyne/cm. The
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