Judul: . The Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Leukocytes Differential after Immunized using AntiH5N1 IgG Microcapsules and Infected by Indonesian Isolate AI H5N1 Virus.
Abstrak: Avian Influenza caused by Avian Influenza virus H5N1 is a zoonotic disease for which there is no drug or vaccine available yet. The immunotherapy using IgG anti AI H5 can be an alternative therapy. The microcapsule contain IgG anti AI H5N1 have been designed for in ovo test, the result showed that the microcapsule has high potential to neutralized AI H5N1. Furthermore this study was a in vivo examination that design for efficacy test was conducted in Rat. The hematological profile of animal model was evaluated to understand the microcapsule IgG anti AI H5N1 capability in vivo which has never been reported. This research aimed to study the profile of leukocytes differential of rats (Rattus novergicus) that was infected by the H5N1 Avian influenza virus after treated by using anti-H5N1 IgG microcapsules. As much as 54 male rats, with aged 3 months were divided into three groups. The first group was a control group (K (-)) which only given PBS as placebo., second group infected by AI H5N1 virus (K (+)), and thelast group were administered by IgG anti H5N1 microcapsules and infected with the AI H5N1 virus (KP). The leucocyte were count under microscope to determine the leukocyte differential. Blood smear samples were taken at 0, 36, and 72 hours. The data were analyzed by ANOVA method and Duncan's analysis test in 95% confidence level. The results of the observations showed a tendency to decrease the percentage of lymphocytes ofrat that were given microcapsules and infected (KP) at 72 hours compared to other groups. Rat that were infected with the H5N1 virus only (K+) there was a tendency to decrease the percentage of monocytes and increase the percentage of neutrophils compared to the other two groups. However, the decrease and increase in the percentage of lymphocytes, monocytes and neutrophils in each group were not statistically significant. The number of basophils and eosinophils was not significantly different between the three groups because the percentages were normal. The conclusion of this study was the other leukocyte percentage change which found in H5N1 viral infection were well corrected by giving anti H5N1 microcapsule prior infection. Keywords: mice, microcapsules, H5N1 virus, leukocyte differential., Avian Influenza caused by Avian Influenza virus H5N1 is a zoonotic disease for which there is no drug or vaccine available yet. The immunotherapy using IgG anti AI H5 can be an alternative therapy. The microcapsule contain IgG anti AI H5N1 have been designed for in ovo test, the result showed that the microcapsule has high potential to neutralized AI H5N1. Furthermore this study was a in vivo examination that design for efficacy test was conducted in Rat. The hematological profile of animal model was evaluated to understand the microcapsule IgG anti AI H5N1 capability in vivo which has never been reported. This research aimed to study the profile of leukocytes differential of rats (Rattus novergicus) that was infected by the H5N1 Avian influenza virus after treated by using anti-H5N1 IgG microcapsules. As much as 54 male rats, with aged 3 months were divided into three groups. The first group was a
Keyword: rat, microcapsules, H5N1 virus, leukocyte differential., rat, microcapsules, H5N1 virus, leukocyte differential

Judul: Dinamika Mikrokapsul IgG Anti Avian Influenza H5N1 pada Uji In-Vivo Menggunakan Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus) sebagai Hewan Model
Abstrak: Avian influenza (AI) H5N1 atau flu burung merupakan penyakit yang dapat menyebar dari hewan ke manusia (zoonosis). Penanganan yang dilakukan terhadap kasus flu burung pada manusia selama ini dengan pemberian obat antivirus dilaporkan dapat menimbulkan resistensi dan penurunan efektifitasnya. Tindakan pencegahan (preventif) dengan melakukan pengebalan aktif masih belum dapat dilakukan karena belum tersedianya vaksin influenza H5N1 untuk manusia. Alternatif pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan yaitu melalui pengebalan pasif menggunakan antibodi anti H5N1. Antibodi anti H5N1 berupa imunoglobulin G (IgG) dapat diperoleh dari kolostrum hiperimun yang berasal dari induk sapi bunting yang divaksin dengan vaksin AI H5N1. Namun pemberian IgG secara oral tidak efektif karena IgG dapat mengalami kerusakan akibat rendahnya pH dan enzim saluran pencernaan, sehingga IgG harus dilindungi. Teknik mikroenkapsulasi menggunakan bahan penyalut alginat-kitosan dapat digunakan untuk melindungi IgG dari kerusakan sehingga zat aktif (IgG) tetap aman sampai titik target pelepasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dinamika mikrokapsul IgG anti Avian Influenza H5N1 secara in-vivo menggunakan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) sebagai hewan model. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan 108 ekor tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan dewasa, galur Wistar, dengan bobot badan ±250 g. Hewan coba dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol (K) yang diberi akuades, kelompok yang diberi suspensi IgG anti H5N1 dengan titer 25 dengan dosis 1 mL/ekor (S), dan kelompok yang diberi mikrokapsul IgG anti H5N1 sebanyak 160 butir/ekor yang setara dengan suspensi IgG anti H5N1 dengan titer 25 sebanyak 1 mL (M). Nekropsi terhadap hewan coba dilakukan untuk pengambilan sampel darah, pengukuran pH organ lambung dan usus, penghitungan jumlah sisa mikrokapsul, dan pengamatan terhadap perubahan morfologi mikrokapsul. Sampel darah dikoleksi secara intra kardial untuk dianalisis terhadap kadar total protein, albumin, globulin, dan rasio albumin terhadap globulin (rasio A/G). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan, kadar total protein dan globulin pada kelompok yang diberi mikrokapsul IgG anti H5N1 meningkat nyata (P< 0.05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok yang diberi suspensi IgG anti H5N1 dan kelompok kontrol pada 8 jam setelah pemberian perlakuan. Peningkatan kadar globulin diikuti pula dengan penurunan rasio A/G (P<0.05), penurunan jumlah sisa mikrokapsul hingga 83.96%dan perubahan bentuk serta ukuran mikrokapsul pada periode waktu yang sama. Pemberian mikrokapsul IgG anti avian influenza H5N1 tersalut alginat-kitosan mampu meningkatkan kadar total protein dan globulin darah serta menurunkan rasio A/G pada 8 jam setelah pemberian. Mikrokapsul tersalut alginat-kitosan dapat melindungi IgG dari pengaruh pH rendah di saluran pencernaan tikus.
Keyword: alginat-kitosan, anti avian influenza H5N1, kolostrum sapi, mikroenkapsulasi

Judul: Peranan Pesantren dalam Pembangunan Pedesaan
Abstrak: Pesantren (pondok atau pondok pesantren) adalah suatu lembaga pendidikan keagamaan Islam yang pada umumnya tumbuh di kalangan masyarakat pedesaan. Pertumbuhannya merupakan hasil refleksi pimpinan pesantren dan masyarakat terhadap kebutuhan masyarakat sekitar. Disamping sebagai lembaga pendidikan keagamaan, diharapkan pesantren dapat berperan sebagai lembaga sosial kemasyarakatan yang dapat membantu pemerintah dalam menyebar luaskan inovasi pembangunan kepada masyarakat, dan menggerakkan masyarakat agar berperan serta dalam pembangunan.
Keyword: