Judul: A Systematic Review of Pest Management Research on Brassicaceae Commodity in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Penelitian tentang pengendalian hama pada komoditas Brassicaceae di Indonesia dimulai oleh ilmuwan Belanda pada tahun 1936. Sejauh ini, studi mengenai Brassicaceae telah banyak dilakukan yang berfokus pada studi pengendalian hama baik di skala laboratorium maupun skala lapangan. Namun, selama ini belum ada evaluasi mengenai produk pengetahuan terkait studi hama Brassicaceae. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan tinjauan sistematis terhadap penelitian pengendalian hama pada komoditas Brassicaceae yang dilakukan di Indonesia selama 21 tahun terakhir. Artikel penelitian berupa jurnal atau conference papers yang ditemukan melalui pencarian menggunakan rangkaian kata kunci berkaitan dengan topik penelitian dalam beberapa database. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa komoditas kubis dengan tiga hama utama yaitu P. xylostella, C. pavonana dan S. litura paling sering diteliti. Topik riset adalah mengenai biologi, interaksi tri-trofik dan pengendalian hama. Untuk penelitian pengendalian hama, data menunjukkan bahwa 60% publikasi berfokus pada efektivitas pengendalian hama menggunakan insektisida nabati, sedangkan proporsi penelitian lainnya adalah hayati (30%), insektisida sintetik (6%) dan mekanis (4%). Fokus penelitian pengendalian hayati masih didominasi oleh studi biologi dan identifikasi agens hayati, dan hanya satu penelitian yang mencatat keberhasilan pelepasan parasitoid E. argenteopilosus. Fokus penelitian pengendalian insektisida sintetik umumnya membahas status resistensi hama P. xylostella yang terindikasi resisten terhadap lebih dari 10 bahan aktif dalam sediaan insektisida sintetik. Diseminasi informasi terkait hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan belum optimal, sehingga belum menghasilkan teknologi pengendalian hama yang benar-benar dapat diterapkan oleh petani di lapangan., Research on pest management of various Brassicaceae family in Indonesia was started by Dutch scientist in 1936. Many studies on Brassicaceae have already been conducted and these studies were focussed on pest control both at the laboratory scale and field scale. However, there has been no evaluation of knowledge products related to Brassicaceae pest studies. This study aims to conduct a systematic review of pest management research on Brassicaceae commodity conducted in Indonesia over the past 21 years. Research articles in the form of journals or conference papers were found through a search using a series of keywords related to research topic in several databases. The results showed that the cabbage commodity with three main pests, namely P. xylostella, C. pavonana, and S. litura was the most frequently studied. Research topics are about biology, tritropic interactions and pest management. For pest management research, data shows that 60% of publications focused on the effectiveness of controlling insects using plant-based insecticides, while the proportion of other studies is biological (30%), synthetic insecticides (6%) and mechanical (4%). The focus of biological control research is still dominated by biological studies and the identification of natural enemies, and only one study was recorded success on the release of the parasitoid E. argentopilosus. The focus of research on synthetic insecticide control generally discusses the resistance status of P. xylostella pests, which have been indicated to be resistant to more than 10 active ingredients in synthetic insecticide preparations. The dissemination of information related to the results of research that has been carried out on pest management is not optimum, so there is no pest management technologies that can actually be applied by farmers in the field.
Keyword: data kualitatif, pengendalian hama, pengendalian hayati, pertanian

Judul: Critical Review of the Potential of Preparations of Twenty Species from Fourteen Plant Families for Crop Pest Control
Abstrak: Serangan hama tanaman dapat menimbulkan kerugian yang besar sehingga harus dikelola dengan tindakan pengendalian yang tepat. Insektisida sintetik yang sering digunakan petani dapat menyebabkan berbagai dampak samping yang tidak diinginkan terhadap organisme bukan sasaran dan lingkungan. Insektisida nabati merupakan salah satu alternatif potensial untuk mengendalikan hama tanaman. Kajian pustaka ini dilakukan untuk meninjau secara kritis publikasi tentang sediaan insektisida nabati 20 spesies dari 14 famili tumbuhan. Potensi insektisida nabati tersebut dievaluasi berdasarkan ketersediaan, kefektifan, keamanan terhadap organisme bukan sasaran, dan potensi pemasyarakatannya. Publikasi daring yang relevan ditelusuri melalui database seperti Google, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information, dan IPB Repository, dengan tambahan beberapa materi cetak. Hasil analisis literatur menunjukkan bahwa di antara 20 spesies tumbuhan yang dievaluasi, hanya 5 spesies yang ekstrak pelarut organik atau minyak atsirinya memiliki bioaktivitas yang sangat kuat terhadap setidaknya satu spesies hama sasaran. Kelima spesies tumbuhan tersebut ialah Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Dysphania ambrosioides, dan Nicotiana tabacum. Sementara itu, sediaan A. sativum, A. indica, dan Citrus limon yang disiapkan dengan pelarut air juga memiliki aktivitas insektisida yang sangat kuat. Data yang tersedia menunjukkan bahwa insektisida nabati aman bagi organisme bukan sasaran dan lingkungan. Peningkatan penggunaan insektisida nabati dapat dilakukan dengan mengintegrasikan pemasyarakatan dan penggunaannya dalam program pengelolaan hama yang relevan., Crop losses due to pest organisms can be substantial and should be managed by applying proper crop protection measures. Synthetic insecticides commonly used by farmers could cause some undesirable side effects to non-target organisms and the environment. Botanical insecticides represent one of the potential alternatives to synthetic insecticides for controlling crop pests. This literature study was carried out to critically review published papers on botanical insecticide preparations of 20 species from 14 plant families. Those botanical insecticides were assessed based on their availability, effectiveness, safety to non-target organisms, and dissemination potential. Relevant publications were searched through online databases such as Google, Google Scholar, ResearchGate, PubMed, National Center for Biotechnology Information, and IPB Repository, in addition to some printed materials. Results of the literature analysis showed that among the 20 plant species studied, only 5 species yielded organic solvent extracts or essential oils that had very strong insecticidal activity against at least one target pest species. Those five plant species were Allium sativum, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Dysphania ambrosioides, and Nicotiana tabacum. Meanwhile, A. sativum, A. indica, and Citrus limon aqueous extracts also had very strong insecticidal activity. Available data indicated that botanical insecticides are safe to nontarget organisms and the environment. Enhancement of use of botanical insecticides can be done by integrating their dissemination and use in relevant pest management programs.
Keyword: botanical insecticides, crop pests, feasibility, safety, dissemination

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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