Judul: The impact of fiscal policy on the economy of the regencies and cities of South Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: This study aimed to analyse the impact of fiscal policy on the regencies and cities’ economy of the South Sulawesi Province. The econometric model with the system of simultaneous equations were used to analyse the panel data from 2004 to 2009 of 23 regenci es and cities. The result showed that the fiscal policies of local government, particularly, for the capital spending, either on agriculture or other sectors of capital expenditure had a positive effect on the local economy. Private investments had a positive and significant effect on output (gross regional domestic product) on seven sectors including industry, electricity gas and water, construction, trade, transportation and communications, finance, and services. In addition, private investment may also increase non - farm employment, reduce unemployment, and inflation in the region. On the other side of fiscal policy in the form of local revenues and significant negative effect on private investment. It will be a high economic cost if the local government s must explore the potential taxes and retribution.
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Judul: Impact of fiscal decentralization policy on regional economic and fiscal performances in bengkulu province: an econometric approach
Abstrak: The centralized development process during the last period of 25 years, in fact did not lead to equally distributed development results among regions. It has becru@great consideration to implement regional autonomy in Indonesia based on Law No. 22 and 25 of 1999 after that complemented by Law No.32 of 2004 conce&llng Regional Government, and Law No.33 of 2004 concerning balanced budg~etween the central and regional government. S"The objectives of this research are : (1) to assess sources of regional incom~s, expenditure allocation, fiscal capacity, and income distribution among Distri~ and Cities in the region, (2) to analyze factors influencing regional econotjic and fiscal perfonnance, and (3) to evaluate and to forecast impacts of fiscal ~entralization policy on regional economic and fiscal perfonnances. IDbis study is using pool data (time series data of 1993-2003 and cross sectio&data of three Districts and one City). The descriptive analysis, Williamson Index,~ econometric model, and historical simulation using various policy scenari>s and forecast were used to analyze the data. The Bengkulu Province RegioIjU Economic model was developed into a simultaneous equations consis§ng of 26 structural equations, 17 identity equations, and estimated by using l wo Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method. • QThe result shows that : (1) after implementation of the fiscal decentralization policy, the main sources of regional revenue is derived from the General Allocation Fund (DAU) whereas the Regional Own Income (PAD) were very less, the fiscal capacity were low, dependency on the central government were high, and improper income distribution among Districts and Cities; (2) the economic activities (PDRBS) will increase investment, however, if the interest rate, tax, and retribution increase on the contrary, investment will decrease; (3) after :fiscal decentralization, the regional economic and fiscal perfonnances in all Districts is most affected by reallocation of routine expenditure to agricultural sector expenditure, whereas in City an expansion of the DAU and infrastructure expenODure; and (4) the reallocation of routine expenditure into development expe~e on agriculture and infrastructure until 2010 will have much greate.r imp n regional economic and :fiscal perfonnances. • o increase the fiscal capacity, regional tax and retribution, and develo)ment expenditure expansion should be implementing. Whereas to increase the ~nal economic perfonnances are efficiency of routine expenditure in order to ~cp;ase the development expenditure especially aimed for infrastructure and agncuffi,lre sectors.
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Judul: Penentuan Jenis Kelamin pada Kelas Aves Menggunakan Metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Abstrak: Many avian species are sexually monomorphic. In this case, molecular approach is an efficient method for sex determination. The sexes of monomorphic avians can be determined by PCR amplification of the CHD genes. CHD genes are preserved within avian Z and W sex chromosomes. The objective of this research was to determine sex of chickens, quails, ducks, pigeons, hill myna, salmon-crested cockatoos, and yellow-crested cockatoos based on CHD gene using primer 2550F and 2718R. PCR products were screened by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis with Ethidium Bromide. According to the results 10 males and 11 females were determined from 21 specimens of avians. Individuals showed double (ZW) and single (ZZ) bands were identified as females and males, respectively in chickens, quails, hill myna, salmon-crested cockatoos and yellow-crested cockatoos. Males and females in ducks and pigeons showed single band in different length of basepairs.
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