Judul: Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi Kolagenase dari Organ Dalam Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos, Forskal)
Abstrak: The texture of fish is an important quality characteristic,and soft fillets are a problem for the fish industry. The quality of fish muscle will deteriorate during iced storage of raw fish. Endogenous proteases, which are able to hydrolyze different proteins in the muscle, are important early in the deterioration process. Endogenous fish muscle proteases are located in intracellular fluids and in the sarcoplasm, or they are associated with various cell organelles. In the live animal, the proteases function in muscle protein turnover. After death, the biological regulation of the enzymes is lost, and the enzymes hydrolyze muscle proteins and resolve the rigor mortis contraction. The proteolytic enzymes to be important for the textural properties of fish muscle, namely calpains, cathepsins, and collagenases.
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Judul: Purifikasi dan Karakterisasi Inhibitor Katepsin dari Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos, Forskal) dan Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.)
Abstrak: Proses penurunan mutu ikan segar terutama diawali dengan proses perombakan oleh aktivitas enzim yang secara alami terdapat di dalam ikan. Salah satu jenis enzim yang berperan penting dalam proses kemunduran mutu ikan adalah enzim-enzim pengurai protein seperti katepsin, calpain dan kolagenase. Enzim proteolitik ini dapat menyebabkan timbulnya akumulasi metabolit, perubahan citarasa, dan pelunakan tekstur, terbentuknya komponen volatil serta peningkatan jumlah bakteri yang akhirnya menimbulkan kebusukan. Katepsin merupakan kelompok dari sistein proteinase diantaranya katepsin B dan L yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya pelunakan daging (softening) pada ikan. Interaksi antara sistein protease dan inhibitornya telah menjadi tujuan beberapa penelitian pada dua dekade ini. Inhibitor spesifik dari sistein protease yang berupa molekul protein, sangat dibutuhkan untuk mencegah terjadinya proteolisis yang destruktif. Inhibitor protease pada ikan diperkirakan dapat melakukan perlindungan dari mikrooganisme, proses embriogenesis pada regulasi pertumbuhan awal embrio. Saat ini terdapat permintaan yang kuat terhadap protease inhibitor alami yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah proses kemunduran pada daging ikan dan produk berbasis surimi. Beberapa inhibitor protease telah dicoba ditambahkan ke dalam daging ikan untuk menjelaskan peranan enzim pada proses pelunakan daging saat post mortem.
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Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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