Judul: Pengembangan Produk Probiotik dari Isolat Klinis Bakteri Asam Laktat dengan Menggunakan Teknik Pengeringan Semprot dan Pengeringan Beku
Abstrak: Sejalan dengan berkembangnya ilmu pengetahuan serta kesehatan maka makin berkembang pula penggunaan produk-produk probiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi kering probioti dengan menggunakan isolat klinis bakteri asam laktat.
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Judul: Pengembangan Kultur Kering Bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum (SK 5) asal Bekasam sebagai Kandidat Probiotik dengan Teknik Pengeringan Beku
Abstrak: Bakteri asam laktat asal bekasam memiliki potensi sebagai probiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kultur kering bakteri L. plantarum (SK5) sebagai kandidat probiotik dan menganalisis pengaruh bahan pelindung dan suhu penyimpanan terhadap kultur kering L. plantarum (SK5) sebagai kandidat probiotik. Kriogenik yang digunakan adalah susu skim dan laktosa. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengujian sifat kandidat probiotik bakteri L. plantarum (SK5), pembuatan kultur kering dengan metode pengeringan beku, analisis sifat kandidat probiotik kultur setelah proses pengeringan beku dan penyimpanan kultur kering pada suhu dingin dan suhu ruang. Bakteri L. plantarum (SK5) memiliki sifat sebagai kandidat probiotik dengan ketahanan pada pH 2, pH 7.2 dan garam empedu 0,5% masing-masing yaitu 87,2%, 88,5% dan 87,2%. Penambahan susu skim memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap ketahanan hidup kultur kering beku pada kondisi pH 2, pH 7,2 dan garam empedu 0,5% dibandingkan laktosa dan kontrol. Penyimpanan pada suhu dingin dapat mempertahankan viabilitas kultur kering L. plantarum (SK5) lebih tinggi dari pada suhu ruang. Penambahan bahan pelindung susu skim pada kultur kering L. plantarum (SK5) dengan penyimpanan pada suhu dingin merupakan perlakuan terbaik.
Keyword: bakteri asam laktat, kariogenik, pengeringan beku, probiotik

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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