Judul: Competing Risk Analysis Bagi Pasien Pneumonia di Rumah Sakit Charite University
Abstrak: Analisis survival adalah salah satu bagian dalam ilmu Statistika yang mempelajari kelangsungan bertahan hidup suatu entitas yang dapat berupa manusia maupun benda tertentu. Analisis survival memiliki penerapan yang luas dalam bidang biostatistika dan membantu banyak praktisi kesehatan dalam memajukan berbagai metode kesehatan. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas salah satu topik penting dalam analisis survival, yaitu situasi competing risks. Competing risks adalah suatu kondisi di mana untuk suatu individu terdapat lebih dari satu kejadian yang mungkin terjadi pada individu tersebut. Penelitian ini berfokus pada ilustrasi bahwa penggunaan penduga Kaplan-Meier dalam situasi competing risks tidaklah cukup. Pendekatan dengan menggunakan nilai cumulative incidence function (CIF) dari setiap kejadian adalah salah satu solusi dalam situasi competing risks, baik secara nonparametrik dan parametrik. Dari hasil uji hipotesis, situasi competing risks benar terjadi dalam penelitian ini., Survival analysis is a part of statistics which studies the survival period of entities such as human or particular object. Survival analysis has profound application in the biostatistics field and give a helping hand to some clinicians to develop several clinical methods. This undergraduate thesis aims to discuss one topic of survival analysis, that is competing risk. Competing risk is a condition where an individual object may experience more than one type of event. This thesis focuses on the illustration that application of Kaplan-Meier estimator for competing risk situation is not necessary. The approach using cumulative incidence function (CIF) values for every event is a solution for competing risk situation, whether with nonparametric or parametric method. Based on a hypothesis testing, competing risk situation really happened in this study.
Keyword: CIF, Competing Risk, Hypothesis Testing, Kaplan-Meier Estimator, Survival Analysis

Judul: Modeling Analysis of the Survival of  Diabetes Mellitus Patients using Cox Proportional Hazard and Random Survival  Forest
Abstrak: Diabetes melitus merupakan salah satu penyakit serius dan perlu perhatian dari setiap individu. Tercatat jumlah penderita akibat diabetes melitus di Indonesia menempati posisi kelima tertinggi di dunia. Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan merupakan suatu badan asuransi yang terbuka untuk mencakup kesehatan seluruh masyarakat Indonesia. Biaya kesehatan yang dibayarkan BPJS Kesehatan untuk penyakit diabetes melitus sangat tinggi dan terus mengalami peningkatan. Cox Proportional Hazard (CPH) merupakan metode semiparametrik dalam pemodelan analisis daya tahan yang memiliki asumsi keproporsionalitasan laju bahaya sesaat harus konstan pada rentang pengamatan. Berbeda dengan CPH, Random Survival Forest (RSF) merupakan metode nonparametrik dalam melakukan pemodelan analisis daya tahan berdasarkan pohon keputusan. Model RSF tidak memerlukan asumsi dalam melakukan pemodelan, sehingga menjadi salah satu kelebihan dalam pemodelan analisis daya tahan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian pada kasus diabetes melitus, model RSF sedikit lebih unggul dibandingkan dengan CPH berdasarkan metrik akurasi C-Index, Brier score, dan C/D AUC Index. Model RSF memiliki skor C-Index sebesar 0,847, Brier score 0,113 dan C/D AUC Index 0,766. Model CPH memiliki skor C-Index sebesar 0,711, Brier score 0,142 dan C/D AUC Index 0,640. Peubah penting pada kasus kematian akibat diabetes melitus adalah usia, diagnosis(ICD10), kelas peserta dan kelas rawat peserta BPJS Kesehatan., Diabetes mellitus is one of the serious diseases that requires attention from every individual. The number of diabetes mellitus sufferers in Indonesia ranks fifth highest in the world. The Social Security Administration (BPJS) Health Insurance is an insurance body open to covering the health of all Indonesian citizens. The healthcare costs paid by BPJS Health for diabetes mellitus are very high and continue to increase. The Cox Proportional Hazard (CPH) is a semiparametric method in survival analysis modeling that assumes the proportionality of the instantaneous hazard rate must remain constant over the observation period. Unlike CPH, the Random Survival Forest (RSF) is a nonparametric method for survival analysis modeling based on decision trees. The RSF model does not require assumptions in modeling, which is one of its advantages in survival analysis modeling. Based on research on diabetes mellitus cases, the RSF model slightly outperforms the CPH model according to the accuracy metrics of C Index, Brier score, and C/D AUC Index. The RSF model has a C-Index score of 0.847, a Brier score of 0.113, and a C/D AUC Index of 0.766. The CPH model has a C-Index score of 0.711, a Brier score of 0.142, and a C/D AUC Index of 0.640. Feature importance in cases of death due to diabetes mellitus are age, diagnosis (ICD10), membership class, and the inpatient class of BPJS Health participants.
Keyword: BPJS Kesehatan, cox proportional hazard, diabetes mellitus, random survival forest

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell