Judul: Transformasi Koordinat menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Propagasi Balik Resilient (Studi Kasus: Daerah Sumatera Bagian Selatan)
Abstrak: Genuk Datum and World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS’84) are used as geodetic reference frames in Indonesia. To fully utilize the technology of WGS’84, it is necessary to transform twodimensional (2D) coordinate data from Genuk to WGS’84. The four-parameter similarity transformation method is frequently used for 2D coordinate transformation in geodesy. In this study, Resilient Backpropagation (Rprop) model is evaluated as an alternative 2D coordinate transformation method. Rprop is compared with four-parameter similarity transformation over a test area in terms of mean square error. The result indicates that the employment of Rprop transformed 2D coordinate (x, y) is more accurate than four-parameter similarity transformation and can be useful for 2D coordinate transformation between Genuk and WGS’84.
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Judul: Transformasi Koordinat Menggunakan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan Propagasi Balik Resilient
Abstrak: Genuk datum, which is based on Bessel 1841 ellipsoid model, is a local datum used in Indonesia. On the other hand, World Geodetic System 1984 (WGS-84), a datum used in GPS measurement, is commonly used by the rest of the world. Therefore in order, to fully utilize WGS- 84, Genuk datum has to be transformed to WGS-84 datum. A model is needed to transform coordinates from Genuk datum into WGS-84 datum. This research discusses coordinate transformation using similarity transformation (4-parameter) and Resilient Back-propagation Neural Network. Similarity transformation is a traditional method for coordinate transformation. The Resilient Back-propagation Neural Network provides a new technology for coordinate transformation. Coordinate transformation in this research is conducted on West Java coordinate data. The data are split into two parts: a third are used as testing data and the rest are used as training data. The test results show that the coordinate transformation using Resilient Backpropagation Neural Network can be used as an alternative model to coordinate transform.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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