Judul: Green Productivity as an Approach to Address the Environmental Problem of Leather Tanning SMEs in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstrak: The leather tanning industry is a most promising industry in Yogyakarta. However, the industry faces environmental problems due to poor environmental management practices. This study develops strategies to address the environmental issues of the impact of leather tanning SMEs in Yogyakarta. It identifies opportunities for improvement based on Green Productivity (GP) approach, and obstacles to formulating strategies for enhancing environmental performance. This study uses a Case Study approach using field observations and interviews with a number of leather tanning SMEs and industry experts. The results show that the SMEs in this sector adopt only a limited level of environmental practices. A set of GP options is proposed based on the observational evidence and expert judgements. Using an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), a priority selected is to optimize the production processes of leather tanning SMEs. This study found that internal obstacles to green adoption included insufficient resources and infrastructure, low-skilled human resources, poor financial capability, lack of awareness, and poor organizational strategies. The external obstacles are significant and include inadequate law enforcement and government support, a small and limited market segment, and the lack of available green chemicals. These contribute toward poor environmental practices. To deal with these problems, this research proposes eight strategies for tackling the obstacles that prevent the implementation of leather tanning green practices. The strategies are divided into internal and collaborative. The internal strategies include encouraging enhanced product development processes and promote proactive and innovative strategies. Regarding their limitations, SMEs need stakeholder assistance to help solve their issues. A collaborative approach is crucial. Developing low-cost green technologies through R&D activities, developing best practice guidance and promoting its implementation, providing adequate facilities and machinery, identifying suitable suppliers to supply green chemicals, intensifying knowledge transfer of good environmental management, and establish a punishment and reward system are proposed for addressing the issues.
Keyword: green productivity, leather SMEs, AHP, SWOT

Judul: iKajian Produksi Bersih pada Kawasan Industri Penyamakan iiKulit di Garut
Abstrak: Leathers is one of livestock products that being expensive commodity today. Positively, leather tanning industry gives benefit to the peoples around industry, however, improper handling of wastes may pollutes the environment around tanning industrial estate. Cleaner production strategy is needed to minimize the wastes. This research was directed to identify the opportunity implementation of cleaner production strategy on leathers tanning industry at Sukagerang, Garut and to determine the possible alternatives of cleaner production options to increase production efficiency while minimizing the wastes. Analysis of Cleaner production conducted in three industries, PT ELCO Indonesia, PT Karya Lestari Mandiri, and PD Putra Setra. Quick Scan method used to analyzed the cleaner production. The results were then analyzed by using Exponential Method Comparison (MPE) and method of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to determine the priority of cleaner production application. Priority selection of cleaner production alternatives in leather tanning industry estate was analyzed based on the environmental criteria, benefits, construction, operation, and cost. The best alternative priority to be applied in leather tanning was controlling of water use then followed by trimming process before chemical treatment, breeders assisting, retribution for waste treatment, and the socialization of research results. In the case study of water use at PD Putra Setra, 87,800 Liters water can be reduce. While in the case study of trimming process at PT ELCO Indonesia, this alternative may result in the benefit to the company in the form of savings for the purchase of chemicals of 16.82% or equivalent to Rp 197,103.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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