Judul: Analysis of Electrical Energy Consumption and Plant  Performance in Shallot TSS Seeding with Mini Plant Factory
Abstrak: The mini plant factory can provide the essentials environment for the growth of TSS (True Shallot Seed) seedlings. However, energy consumption takes an integral part of plant performance in a mini plant factory, because all of the plant’s growth factors are supported by electronic components. This research aims to analyze the actual energy consumption and plant performance of TSS seedling production in a mini plant factory. The research consists of several stages, including the seeding stage, mini plant factory preparation stage, maintenance stage, and energy consumption analysis stage. The mini plant factory consists of a cultivation and nutrition room that is equipped with electronic components such as air conditioners, LED growth lights, atomizers and pumps. The analysis of energy consumption shows that the electricity usage for one TSS seedling production period is up to 496.05 kWh and the required specific energy for one TSS seedlings up to 107.37 Wh/seedlings. The cost of electricity consumption for producing TSS seedlings in a mini plant factory is higher than the production cost of TSS seedlings in open fields, but it can produce seedlings with faster growth. TSS performance achieved an average plant height of 33.61 ± 5.56 cm, 5 ± 0.46 leaves, a base diameter of 0.59 ± 0.16 cm, and a weight of 1.93 ± 0.76 grams., Mini plant factory mampu menyediakan kondisi lingkungan yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan bibit TSS (True Shallot Seed). Namun penggunaan energi sangat berpengaruh terhadap keragaan tanaman dalam mini plant factory, karena semua faktor pertumbuhan tanaman ditunjang oleh komponen elektronik. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis konsumsi energi listrik aktual dan melakukan analisis keragaan tanaman pada pembibitan TSS di mini plant factory. Penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, yaitu tahap penyemaian, tahap persiapan mini plant factory, tahap pemeliharaan, dan tahap analisis konsumsi energi listrik. Mini plant factory yang digunakan terdiri dari ruang budidaya dan ruang nutrisi yang dilengkapi komponen elektronik seperti air conditioner, lampu growth LED, atomizer, dan pompa. Hasil analisis konsumsi energi listrik menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan listrik yang dibutuhkan untuk satu periode pembibitan TSS mencapai 496,05 kWh dan energi spesifik yang dibutuhkan untuk satu bibit TSS mencapai 107,37 Wh/bibit. Biaya konsumsi listrik untuk memproduksi bibit TSS dengan menggunakan mini plant factory lebih mahal dibandingkan dengan biaya produksi bibit TSS pada lahan terbuka, namun pertumbuhan yang dihasilkan lebih cepat. Bibit TSS yang dihasilkan memiliki keragaan rata-rata tinggi tanaman sebesar 33,61 ± 5,56 cm, jumlah daun sebanyak 5 ± 0,46 helai, diameter pangkal sebesar 0,59 ± 0,16 cm, dan bobot sebesar 1,93 ± 0,76 gram.
Keyword: true shallot seed, mini plant factory, plant performance, seedling production, electrical energy consumption

Judul: Temperature and Airflow  Distribution Analysis in a Mini Plant Factory for TSS Shallots Germination Using  Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Abstrak: Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas bernilai tinggi di Indonesia. Penggunaan TSS (benih botani) bawang merah memiliki potensi untuk menjadi subtitusi penggunaan benih umbi. Namun, pembibitan TSS pada lahan konvensional memiliki kendala seperti daya tumbuh dan kualitas bibit yang dipengaruhi oleh iklim lingkungan. Penggunaan mini plant factory (MPF) dengan lingkungan terkendali dapat mengatasi kendala tersebut. Desain MPF yang tepat diperlukan untuk pengendalian lingkungan mikro seperti suhu, aliran udara, dan kelembapan relatif (RH). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis beban termal dan pendinginan, sebaran suhu serta aliran udara di dalam perancangan MPF menggunakan Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari pembuatan geometri MPF, pengukuran beban termal dan analisis beban pendinginan, analisis dan simulasi CFD, uji kinerja sebaran suhu dan udara, verifikasi dan validasi model serta rekomendasi perancangan MPF. Hasil analisis menunjukkan beban pendinginan MPF adalah 0,21 kW. Daya aktual pendinginan air conditioner berdasarkan pengukuran adalah 7,66 kWh. Nilai koefisien kinerja pendinginan (COP) adalah 0,7 W/W. Penggunaan lampu LED Growth memberikan kontribusi 81,96% pada beban pendinginan, selanjutnya berupa insulasi/dinding 13,1%, respirasi tanaman 1,4%, dan faktor kebocoran/buka-tutup berkontribusi sampai 3,54%. Kinerja MPF pada uji tanpa tanaman menunjukkan sebaran suhu di rentang 17-21°C, RH 56,4-99%, dan kecepatan udara 1,35-1,4 m/detik. Hasil analisis CFD dengan ukuran mesh 6 menunjukkan nilai MAPE suhu udara sebesar 0,95%, RH 4,23%, dan kecepatan udara 2,57% yang menunjukkan simulasi berhasil dilakukan dengan akurat. Interpretasi CFD menunjukkan diperlukan tambahan circulation fan pada bagian dasar untuk menyeragamkan sebaran suhu dan aliran udara pada desain MPF yang lebih optimal., Shallots is one of the high-value commodities in Indonesia. However, using shallot bulbs as seed has its own issues, such as susceptibility to diseases and excessive seed requirements. The use of TSS (True Seed Shallot) as an alternative seed can address these problems. Nevertheless, conventional TSS germination faces challenges, including decreased shallot quality when harvested during the rainy season, plant quality affected by root temperature, as well as growth capability and seed resilience in climates and environmental temperatures. The implementation of mini plant factory (MPF) for TSS germination can mitigate these issues. This research aims to analyze cooling loads within the MPF to control the microenvironment for red onion TSS germination and to analyze and simulate temperature distribution, airflow, and relative humidity (RH) within the MPF using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD). The research stages are MPF preparation, MPF cooling power calculations, MPF geometry creation using computer-aided drawing (CAD), CFD simulation, verification, and validation through mesh independency study. The results indicate that the required cooling load for the MPF is 0.21 kW. The actual cooling load is 7.66 kWh. The coefficient of performance (COP) is 0,7 W/W. The LED Growth lights usage contributes 81.96% to the cooling load, followed by MPF insulation at 13.1%, plant respiration at 1.4%, and the MPF leakage/open-close factor (other disturbances) at 3.54%. The performance of the MPF in a test without plants shows an average temperature distribution of 17-21°C, RH of 56.4-99%, and airspeed of 1.35-1.4 m/s. The CFD analysis results with a mesh level of 6 indicate the MAPE value is 0.95% for air temperature, 4.23% for RH, and 2.57%
Keyword: Bawang Merah, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Mini Plant Factory (MPF), True Shallot Seed (TSS)

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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