Judul: Women marginalization in tea picker work system in plantation (Case studies of tea pickers in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII (PTPN VIII) Gunung Mas, District of Cisarua, Bogor Sub District, West Java)
Abstrak: Women play an important role in tea plantation work system as tea plucker, albeit the long hour work and low wage. Women tea pluckers are also the major contributor to the household income, although it is not contributive to their status in the household. The marginalization process of women as tea plucker in the plantation work system and in the household is interesting to be investigated futher. This study objectives are to analyze the gender relation in tea plantation work system, to analyze the wage dynamic of tea plucker, and to analyze the woman tea plucker status in the household. This study is conducted in qualitative approach involving 57 respondents and six key informants as source of primary data. The research found that there are differences in access and control between men and women in the tea plantation work system resulting in gender-based wage differences. Although the total wage received by tea plucker is increasing from time to time but it is not as fast as the increasing prices of goods for everyday living therefore there is no significant effect to their quality of life. The major contribution of women to the household income does not affected their low social status in the household. All processess that happened for generations has marginalize women in their work and household as well.
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Judul: Workload analysis on tea manual picking activities at gunung mas plantation of  pt. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII, Cisarua, Bogor, West Java
Abstrak: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of important commodities in West Java since 1860. Activities of tea cultivation include nurseries, land preparation, planting, plant maintenance, and tea picking. Generally, tea picking is done manually by hand. This work is quite heavy and burdensome to the ability of the worker, so that it can lead to fatigue or physical disorder. Workload analysis in tea picking were conducted by using heart rate analysis approach. Then, the value of qualitative and quantitative workload will be obtained. Four male and four female subjects were observed and measurement of heart rate were conducted to them by using “wrist-watch type” Heart Rate Monitor (HRM). A step test protocol was conducted to each subject as heart rate calibration procedure prior to the workload analysis of the tea picking activity. Work productivity of the subjects were also analyzed based on “yield and its quality index”. The results, revealed that the tea picking activity is light to moderate work burden, whereas the average work burden of male is slightly higher than that of female. Regarding to the work energy cost, male subjects consume slightly higher energy compared to that female subjects to pick a same amount of yield. Generally,the net product of male workers are higher than that of female.
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Judul: Kombinasi algoritma sha 1 dan algoritma rsa untuk membentuk tanda tangan digital
Abstrak: Tanda tangan digital termasuk ke dalam teknik kriptografi yang memanfaatkan teknologi kunci publik (enkripsi asimetris). Tanda tangan digital dapat dibuat dengan mengkombinasikan teknik hashing (untuk membentuk message digest dari pesan asli) dan enkripsi asimetris (untuk membentuk kunci publik dan kunci privat). Teknik hashing yang digunakan adalah teknik rashing satu arah dengan menggunakan algoritma SHA 1, sedangkan algoritma RSA digunakan untuk enkripsi asimetris Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari, menganalisis, dan mengimplementasikan pembentukan dan verifikasi tanda tangan digital menggunakan dua metode, yaitu dengan mengkombinasikan algoritma SHA 1 dan algoritma RSA dan dengan menggunakan algoritma RSA saja. Analisis yang dilakukan pada kedua algoritma ini meliputi analisis algoritma, dan analisis hasil implementasi. Analisis terhadap algoritma SHA | menunjukkan bahwa algoritma ini memiliki kompleksitas O(n) untuk kasus terburuk. Sedangkan untuk pembentukan kunci publik dan kunci privat dengan algoritma RSA diperlukan beberapa algoritma pendukung, yaitu algoritma Miller Rabin, Witness, Euclid, dan Extended Euclid. Semua algoritma pendukung tersebut memiliki kompleksitas waktu yang sama, yaitu O(k), dengan adalah panjang representasi bit bilangan bulat. Kompleksitas waktu yang didapatkan untuk proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital dengan kedua metode ini adalah sama yaitu O(nk). Untuk proses verifikasi, kompleksitas waktu yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma adalah O(1 + k) dan untuk algoritma RSA adalah O(n + k). Pada proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma yang ditandatangani adalah message digest yang dihasilkan oleh algoritma SHA 1, sedangkan pada algoritma RSA yang ditandatangani adalah pesan itu sendiri. Dari hasil implementasi didapatkan untuk proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan menggunakan algoritma RSA saja untuk file-file yang berukuran besar, dst
Keyword: Tnda Tangan Digital, Teknik Kriptografi, Enskripsi Asimetris