Judul: Analysis of Financial Distress and its Effect on Share Prices on the Indonesian Retail Firms
Abstrak: Sektor ritel merupakan sektor yang memberikan kontribusi cukup besar pada PDB. Dimana pada tahun 2020 kontribusi sektor ritel terhadap total Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) Indonesia sebesar 12,93%. Kenyataan di lapangan berbeda dengan fakta mengenai perkembangan ritel. Rata-rata penjualan riil sektor ritel yang terus menurun sejak tahun 2015, semakin memicu penurunan keuntungan perusahaan. Penurunan keuntungan yang dialami dapat memicu terjadinya kondisi dimana perusahaan mengalami kesulitan keuangan dan tidak mampu membayar kewajiban mereka dan mengalami financial distress. Indeks harga saham di sektor sektor ritel juga mengalami penurunan selama periode 2020-2021. Kondisi yang terjadi pada sektor ritel menarik untuk dikaji lebih lanjut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) menganalisis perusahaan sektor perdagangan ritel berdasarkan kondisi financial distress-nya; (2) menganalisis pengaruh rasio keuangan terhadap financial distress perusahaan sektor perdagangan ritel; (3) menganalisis pengaruh financial distress dan makroekonomi terhadap harga saham saham perusahaan sektor perdagangan ritel. Data penelitian adalah data sekunder berupa laporan keuangan perusahaan, publikasi Bank Indonesia dan data dari Bursa efek Indonesia, literatur serta jurnal pendukung lainnya. Data sekunder terkait dengan analisis rasio keuangan yang mempengaruhi terjadinya financial distress yaitu data return on equity, current ratio, EBITDA/TA, Equity/Total assets, dan total assets turnover. Data sekunder terkait pengaruh DSCR dan faktor makroekonomi terhadap harga saham yaitu data inflasi, suku bunga, dan nilai tukar. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis pemetaan, regresi logistik, dan regresi data panel. Berdasarkan analisis pemetaan, perusahaan ritel yang mengalami kondisi financial distress terjadi paling banyak di tahun 2020, dimana pada tahun tersebut merupakan tahun terjadinya pandemi Covid-19. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi logistik, variabel rasio keuangan yaitu ROE dan EQ/TA masing-masing memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap financial distress. Variabel inflasi memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham sektor ritel sedangkan variabel financial distress DSCR tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga saham. Hasil penelitian menekankan pentingnya manajemen perusahaan secara konsisten menjaga performa perusahaan salah satunya dengan cara memperhatikan rasio-rasio keuangan yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kemungkinan terjadinya financial distress. Selain itu, penting bagi investor mempertimbangkan status perusahaan apakah sudah mencapai tahap deterioration performance atau bahkan cashflow problem selain melihat faktor makroekonomi yang berpengaruh., The retail sector make an large contribution to GDP. Where in 2020 the retail sector's contribution to Indonesia's total Gross Domestic Product (GDP) was 12.93%. The reality is different from the facts regarding retail development. Average real sales in the retail sector have continued to decline since 2015, where in further condition can cause a decline in company profits. The decline in profits can cause companies to experience financial distres. The stock price index in the retail sector also experienced a decline during the 2020-2021 period. With the conditions that occur in the retail sector make this problem are interesting to study further. The objectives of this research are (1) analyze companies in the retail trade sector based on their financial distress conditions; (2) analyze the influence of financial ratios on financial distress in retail trade sector companies; (3) analyze the influence of financial distress and macroeconomics on share prices of companies in the retail trade sector. The research use secondary data in the form of company financial reports, Bank Indonesia publications and data from the
Keyword: Financial Distress, ritel, DSCR, Makroekonomi, Rasio Keuangan, Financial Ratios, Macroeconomy, Retail

Judul: Financial Distress in the Basic and Chemical Industry Sector and Internal – External Factors That Affecting It
Abstrak: Sektor industri dasar dan kimia merupakan sektor hulu yang memiliki peranan penting dalam perekonomian karena sektor ini menjadi penyedia bahan baku yang akan digunakan sebagai input oleh sektor perekonomian lainnya. Namun, dalam kurun waktu 2017-2021 kinerja keuangan perusahaan di sektor industri dasar dan kimia mengalami penurunan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi financial distress perusahaan-perusahaan yang terdaftar di sektor industri dasar dan kimia, serta menganalisis faktor internal dan eksternal apa saja yang memengaruhinya. Penelitian dilakukan pada 62 perusahaan sampel yang dipilih melalui teknik purposive sampling. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang berasal dari laporan keuangan perusahaan terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia yang telah di audit dan data laporan perekonomian Indonesia yang dikeluarkan oleh Badan Pusat Statistik. Tingkat financial distress diprediksi menggunakan metode Altman z-score, kemudian pengaruh variabel independen terhadap financial distress dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan jumlah perusahaan yang mengalami financial distress dari tahun 2017-2021. Variabel return on asset, current ratio dan total asset turn over berpengaruh negatif terhadap financial distress, dan variabel debt to asset ratio berpengaruh positif terhadap financial distress, sedangkan variabel firm size, pertumbuhan domestik bruto dan nilai tukar tidak berpengaruh terhadap financial distress., The basic and chemical industry sector is an upstream sector that has an important role in the economy. However, in 2017-2021, the company’s financial performance in the basic and chemical industry sector decreased. Therefore, this research was conducted to know the financial distress condition of 62 companies listed in the basic and chemical industry sector, as well as to analyze what internal and external factors influence it. The sample was selected through the purposive sampling technique. The data used are secondary data from the audited financial statements of companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange and from the Indonesian economic reports issued by the Central Statistics Agency. The level of financial distress was predicted using the Altman z-score, then the effect of the independent variables on financial distress was analyzed using panel data regression analysis. The results showed that there was an increase in the number of companies experiencing financial distress from 2017-2021. The variables return on assets, current ratio and total asset turnover have a negative effect on financial distress, and the variable debt to asset ratio has a positive effect on financial distress, while firm size, gross domestic product, and exchange rates do not affect financial distress.
Keyword: altman-z score, financial distress, rasio keuangan, regresi data panel

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: