Judul: Optimasi Produksi Selulase Berbasis Ampas Kelapa Oleh Trichoderma hamatum
Abstrak: Cellulase production based coconut pulp is done by using Trichoderma hamatum and cellulose produced for conversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) into bioethanol. The optimum fermentation conditions of Trichoderma hamatum based coconut pulp is unknown. This research aims to obtain optimum conditions for cellulase production through solid fermentation with variations of volume water, urea, and Trichoderma hamatum weight. The optimum conditions for cellulose production is obtained by variation water volume 64.28%, urea, and the weight of Trichoderma hamatum consecutive 2.51%, 0.83%, and 1.30% is 6.75 ± 1.31 FPU/gds. Combination of cellulose from Trichoderma hamatum and commercial β-glucosidase for the production of ethanol from EFB is 3.93% v/v, whereas the only commercial β-glucosidase is 0.47% v/v. Substitution with commercial cellulose enzymes produced in this research produce bioethanol 0.07% v/v, while the use of cellulase produced simultaneously with commercial cellulase is 0.20% v/v. Ethanol levels obtained using cellulose from Trichoderma hamatum lower than using commercial cellulose.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Trichoderma hamatum, Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB), Cellulase, Bioethanol, Coconut pulp

Judul: Optimasi Proses Hidrolisis Kimiawi dan Enzimatis Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Glukosa untuk Produksi Etanol
Abstrak: Recently, energy especially from petroleum fuel become a serious problem for the whole countries in the world, including Indonesia. Decreasing world’s petroleum stock make its price is very high. So, it is urgent to search other alternative energy sources, such as bioethanol. Oil Palm Empty Bunches (OPEB) are found abundantly as waste of CPO production. It is rich in lignocellulose content. After delignification by white rot fungi Omphalina sp, cellulose from OPEB can be degraded to glucose as the raw material for etanol production by hydrolysis process. In this research, hydrolysis were done chemically using H2SO4 and HCl and enzymatically using cellulolytic bacteria and Trichoderma isolates. Chemical hydrolysis was carried out in autoclave at temperature of 121oC and varation in acid concentration (0.1N; 0.5N; 1N; and 2N) and hydrolysis time (20; 40; 60; 120; and 240 min). The condition was then reoptimalized by increasing the temperature to 200 0C and variation hydrolisis time (5;7,5;10;12,5; dan 15 min). Enzymatic hydrolysis were done by two methods, namely simultaneuos and separated bacth methods using Trichoderma or cellulolytic bacteria and Saccharomyces cereviceae. Delignification process increased cellulose content from 47.18% to 49.09%. The optimum condition by chemical hydrolisis with H2SO4 2N was resulted in sugar content (30,86%) with ethanol production 1.82%. By enzymatic methods, higher sugar content was obtained by Trichoderma isolate with incubation time 72 hours. The sugar content was 1.46 g/L and ethanol production was 0.33%. Ethanol production from simultaneuos process by cellulolytic bacteria was the same as ethanol production from Trichoderma by separated batch process i.e as much as 0.27 %
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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