Judul: Rantai Pasok Benih Bening Lobster untuk Pengembangan Budidaya Lobster di Provinsi Lampung
Abstrak: Pengembangan budidaya lobster di Indonesia memerlukan informasi ketersediaan benih secara kontinu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis mekanisme rantai pasok, efisiensi rantai pasok dan peluang risiko rantai pasok benih bening lobster di Provinsi Lampung. Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara dan pengisian kuisioner dengan metode snowball. Analisis data menggunakan margin pemasaran, farmer’s share, nilai tambah, dan metode failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telah terbentuk rantai pasok benih yang melibatkan nelayan, pengepul kecil, dan pengepul besar. Pola aliran yang mengalir pada rantai pasok yaitu aliran produk yang mengalir dari hulu ke hilir, aliran harga yang mengalir dari hilir ke hulu, dan aliran informasi yang mengalir ke dua arah. Rantai pasok pada kegiatan usaha benih bening lobster berlangsung secara efisien melalui perhitungan marjin permasaran dan farmer’s share serta menguntungkan para pelaku rantai pasok melalui perhitungan nilai tambah. Peluang risiko yang memberikan dampak tertinggi berdasarkan analisis metode FMEA adalah ketersediaan benih hasil tangkapan., The development of lobster culture in Indonesia requires information on the availability of puerulus. This research aims to analyze the mechanism, efficiency, and risk opportunities of the supply chain of puerulus in Lampung Province. The research was conducted through interviews and filling out questionnaires with the snowball method. Data analysis used marketing margin, added value, and failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. The research result showed that the supply chain of puerulus involves fishers, small collectors, and large collectors. The flow pattern in the supply chain is the product flow that flows from upstream to downstream, the price flow that flows from downstream to upstream, and the flow of information that flows from two directions. The supply chain in puerulus business activities takes place efficiently through the calculation of marketing margins and farmer's share and benefits the supply chain actors through the added value. The risk opportunity that has the highest impact on the analysis of the FMEA method is the availability of caught seeds.
Keyword: FMEA, Lobster culture, Puerulus, Supply chain

Judul: Supply Chain Analysis on Spiny Lobster Panulirus homarus in WPP 712
Abstrak: Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan (PERMEN) Nomor 17 Tahun 2021 melarang distribusi Benih Bening Lobster (BBL) diluar lokasi penangkapan dan menetapkan ukuran minimal lobster ekspor dengan bobot melebihi 150 g. Peraturan ini berdampak pada proses produksi dan distribusi lobster, sehingga perlu diketahui model rantai pasok lobster. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses, jejaring, pelaku, efisiensi dan peluang risiko yang terdapat pada rantai pasok lobster. Data primer diperoleh dari wawancara dengan metode snowball. Analisis data menggunakan margin pemasaran, farmer’s share, dan metode failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA). Hasil penelitian didapatkan proses produksi lobster belum sesuai dengan segmentasi PERMEN KP Nomor 17 Tahun 2021. Aliran rantai yang mengalir pada rantai pasok yaitu aliran informasi yang mengalir ke dua arah, aliran barang yang mengalir dari hulu ke hilir, dan aliran harga yang mengalir dari hilir ke hulu. Pelaku rantai pasok lobster yaitu nelayan, pengepul, pembudidaya, pedagang grosir, pengecer, eksportir, restoran, importir, dan konsumen akhir. Rantai pasok lobster yang mengalir dari pembudidaya menuju restoran lebih efisien dari saluran pembudidaya menuju eksportir. Ketersediaan benih yang belum berkelanjutan merupakan peluang risiko yang memberikan dampak tertinggi berdasarkan analisis FMEA., Minister of Marine Affairs and Fisheries Regulation (PERMEN KP) Number 17 of 2021 prohibits the distribution of Lobster Bening Seed (BBL) outside the fishing grounds and stipulates a minimum size of export lobster with a weight exceeding 150 g. This regulation has an impact on the lobster production and distribution process, so it is necessary to know the lobster supply chain model. This study aims to analyze the process, network, actors, efficiency, and risk opportunities contained in the lobster supply chain. Primary data were obtained from interviews with the snowball method. Data analysis used marketing margin, farmer's share, and failure mode and effect analysis (FMEA) method. The results showed that the lobster production process was not following the segmentation of PERMEN KP Number 17 of 2021. The chain flow that flows in the supply chain is the flow of information that flows in two directions, the flow of goods that flow from upstream to downstream, and the flow of prices that flows from downstream to upstream. The actors in the lobster supply chain are fishermen, collectors, cultivators, wholesalers, retailers, exporters, restaurants, importers, and final consumers. The lobster supply chain that flows from farmers to restaurants is more efficient than the channel from farmers to exporters. The availability of unsustainable seeds is a risk opportunity that has the highest impact based on the FMEA analysis.
Keyword: Aquaculture, lobster, marketing margin, supply chain

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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