Judul: Hubungan Variasi Waktu Distilasi Kukus Rimpang Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa) dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Minyak Atsiri
Abstrak: Waktu distilasi dapat mempengaruhi ekstraksi minyak atsiri seperti pada rimpang temu hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa) yang telah dibuktikan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan waktu distilasi yang optimum dalam menghasilkan minyak rimpang temu hitam dengan aktivitas antibakteri terkuat. Rimpang temu hitam didistilasi kukus dengan perbedaan lama waktu setiap 30 menit selama 4 jam untuk mendapatkan minyak atsiri dan ditentukan senyawa yang terdapat di dalamnya menggunakan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Aktivitas antibakteri ditentukan dengan difusi cakram terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Senyawa yang terdapat pada minyak atsiri yang paling dominan adalah eukaliptol (34,89%), epikurzerenon (20,58%), dan kamfor (16,90%) berdasarkan rerata luas puncak pada total waktu distilasi. Potensi antibakteri terkuat didapatkan pada waktu distilasi 30 menit pertama untuk bakteri S. mutans dan E. coli, serta waktu distilasi 30 menit ketujuh untuk bakteri S. aureus., Distillation time can affect the extraction of essential oils such as the rhizome of temu hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa) which has been shown to have antibacterial activity. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum distillation time to produce temu hitam rhizome oil with the strongest antibacterial activity. The rhizomes of temu hitam were steam distilled with different lengths of time every 30 minutes for 4 hours to obtain essential oil and determined the compounds contained in them using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Antibacterial activity was determined by disc diffusion against Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The most dominant compounds present in essential oils are eucalyptol (34,89%), epicurzerenone (20,58%), and camphor (16,90%) based on the average peak of the total distillation time. The strongest antibacterial potency was obtained in the first 30 minutes of distillation for S. mutans and E. coli, and in the seventh 30 minutes of distillation for Staphylococcus aureus.
Keyword: antibacterial, essential oil, GC-MS, steam distillation

Judul: Fraksi Distilat pada Distilasi Rebus Minyak Atsiri Rimpang Temu Hitam (Curcuma aeruginosa) dan Aktivitas Antibakterinya
Abstrak: Minyak atsiri rimpang temu hitam memiliki potensi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan waktu distilasi rebus yang optimum untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri rimpang temu hitam dengan aktivitas antibakteri terbaik. Senyawa yang terdapat di dalam minyak atsiri rimpang temu hitam diidentifikasi menggunakan gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Kandungan senyawa dominan tertinggi dari semua waktu distilasi pada minyak atsiri rimpang temu hitam adalah epikurzerenon (45%), eukaliptol (70,14%), dan kamfor (15,27%). Aktivitas antibakteri minyak astiri rimpang temu hitam ditentukan dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap bakteri Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, dan Staphylococcus aureus. Potensi antibakteri terbaik didapatkan pada lama waktu distilasi 30 menit pertama untuk bakteri S. mutans, 30 menit kedua untuk bakteri E. coli, dan 30 menit kelima untuk bakteri S. aureus., Temu hitam’s rhizome essential oil has potential as an antibacterial. This study aims to determine the optimum length of boiled distillation time to produce temu hitam’s rhizome essential oil with the best antibacterial activity. Compounds contained in the essential oil of temu hitam’s rhizome were identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The highest content of the dominant compounds from all times of distillation in temu hitam’s rhizome essential oil was epicurzerenone (45%), eucalyptol (70.14%), and camphor (15.27%). Antibacterial activity of temu hitam’s rhizome essential oil was determined by disc diffusion method against Streptococcus mutans, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The best antibacterial potential was obtained in the first 30 minutes of distillation for S. mutans bacteria, the second 30 minutes for E. coli bacteria, and the fifth 30 minutes for S. aureus bacteria.
Keyword: Antibakteri, Distilasi Rebus, GC-MS, Minyak Atsiri

Judul: Dynamics Model for Rural and Urban Economic Growth
Abstrak: Lewis theory of structural change has focused on mechanisms that allow countries to transform their domestic economic structure to a more modern economy. The proposed model deals with the mechanism of interaction between rural and urban Economic. This model is concerned with the process of labor transfer from rural to urban areas. This study aims to model the dynamics of economic growth in rural and urban areas, including determining the equilibrium solution and to carry out simulation of the model. The simulation results show that the transfer of labor from rural to urban areas will increase the rate of change of capital so that structural changes can be realized. In addition, increased propensity to save in rural areas will also accelerate structural change
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