Judul: Uji Lapang Lacak Balak Kayu Jati dengan Penanda RAPD
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. Demand for teak based product increases progressively, particularly as raw materials for furniture industry. The increasing demand for teak wood, exceeds the amount that can be produced sustainably by production forest. The gaps existing between demand for raw material teak wood and the volume of teak wood which can be produced have triggered the activity of illegal logging and administrative manipulation of wood. Therefore there is a need for accurate method of producing evidence which is difficult to be manipulated to support log tracking and determine the origin of doubtful wood. The use of genetics technology is a new method to be developed and applied for log tracking certification and evidence seeking for criminal cases, such as illegal logging. Genetic markers are inherent and internal features of the wood itself, so they are difficult to be manipulated. One of the methods of genetic marking which could be applied for DNA analysis was RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). The objectives of this research were testing the matching between stump wood DNA and wood DNA in log landing site (TPK), and approximate detection of the origins of stolen woods and woods which are used for sawmill industry, based on existing database. MATERIALS AND METHOD. This research was conducted in Room of Genetic Analysis, Sub-department of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry; and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Inter University Center (PAU), Bogor Agricultural University, from August through October 2008. Plant materials used were woods from KPH (Forest Management Unit) Purwakarta (stump wood and TPK wood) and KPH Ciamis (stump wood, TPK wood, stolen wood and sawmill industry wood). The method used was RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA). Equipments used were among other things, tube, micropipette, tips, centrifugation, freezer, electrophoresis bath, PCR machine and UV transilluminator. Materials used were buffer extract, PVP, chloroform, phenol, ethanol, aquabidest, DNA, primer, H2O, taq polymerase, agarose, buffer TAE and blue juice. Tracking of stump wood and TPK wood was conducted on the basis of allelic structure of individual stump woods and TPK woods which were tested. Approximate detection of the origin of stolen wood and sawmill wood was conducted by cluster analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. Results of log tracking showed similarity in allelic structure between stump wood and TPK wood in teak populations of Ciamis but not for population of Purwakarta. This phenomenon showed DNA technology can be used to match wood DNA between stump and that in TPK. Results of cluster analysis showed that stolen woods and woods used in sawmill industry grouped themselves in West Java cluster, or specifically in cluster KPH Ciamis with least genetic distance of 0.0353 for stolen woods and 0.0358 for woods used in sawmill industry.
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Judul: Variasi Genetika Jati Jawa Berdasarkan Metode Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
Abstrak: Information on genetic variation of teak in Java at present is still limited. Existing data mostly were based on isozyme analysis, on few localized population, and using leaves as sample materials. In this study usage of RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) as one of DNA markers, and teak wood as material to study teak genetic diversity could enrich the available information. Samples were collected from nine Forest Management Unit (FMU) representing three provinces in Java, i.e. FMU Banten, FMU Ciamis and FMU Indramayu of West Java province, FMU Cepu, FMU Kebonharjo, FMU Kendal and FMU Randublatung of Central Java province, FMU Bojonegoro and FMU Ngawi of East Java province. Leaves DNA were extracted using CTAB method and woods DNA were extracted using CTAB (Cethyl Trimethyl Amonium Bromide) method, while RAPD analysis were done using four selected primers, i.e. OPY2, OPY9, OPO13 and OPY11 . Generated data were then analyzed using POPGENE version 3.2 and NTSYS 2.02. Results showed that teak genetic diversity in Java as measured from heterozygosity level ranged from 0,0614 (FMU Ngawi) to 0,2753 (FMU Indramayu). Dendrogram based on calculated Nei’s genetic distances clustered the populations into two main groups, i.e. West Java province and Central-East Java province. Amplified DNA from wood comprised only of small size fragments (maximum 500bp) as compared to those of leaves (maximum 2500bp). If wood is going to be used as material for fingerprinting traded forest products, a refinement method in DNA analysis should be done
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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