Judul: Kapang Endofit dari Mangrove Rhizophora mucronata dan Potensinya Sebagai Antidiare
Abstrak: Mangrove plants are known as source of traditional medicines. Endophytic fungi have important economic potential for antibacterial, enzyme and secondary metabolites that are useful especially in pharmaceutical industry. The purpose of this research was to determine the antibacterial activity of the endophytic fungi extract from mangrove Rhizophora mucronata against bacteria that cause diarrhea. This research included isolation, characterization, cultivation, extraction, and antibacterial activities test. The study yielded 5 types of endophytic fungi with different morphology. Endophytic fungus A was the selected isolate based on antagonism test. The growth patterns showed the stationary phase of isolate A was on the 15th day. The result of antibacterial test of culture broth extract showed considerable inhibition on Pseudomonas aeruginosa 18.5 mm ± 3.32. Extract of mycelium showed inhibition on Staphylococcus aureus 2 mm. The culture broth extract was more effective as antidiarrhoeal in comparison with the mycelium.
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Judul: Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Obat dan Penapisan Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri
Abstrak: Endophytic fungi are microorganisms living in plant tissue without causing any harm to its host. The fungi can be found in all plants including medicinal plants. Endophytic fungi produced variety of bioactive compounds such as antibacterial substances. This research aimed to identify 3 isolates of endophytic fungi JBa8, JMa3, and SLbt3 which were isolated from medicinal plants and to screen their potency as source of antibacterial compounds. Identification of endophytic fungi was performed based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcode using ITS region. Antibacterial test was conducted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K1-1, and microflora E. coli by antagonism technique and agar diffusion method using mycelia extract with methanol solvent. The inhibition activity of fungal extract on bacterial tested was observed on the day 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th after incubation by measuring clear zone around the colonies. The 3 isolates were tentatively identified as Fusarium solani for JBa8, Fusarium sp. for JMa3, and Colletotrichum sp. for SLbt3. Antibacterial activities were observed in F. solani and Fusarium sp. which were isolated from jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) and jahe merah (Zingiber officinale), respectively. F. solani inhibited the growth of EPEC K1-1, whereas Fusarium sp. suppressed P. aeruginosa with clear zone produced was 12 mm. Fusarium sp. had antibacterial activity similar with that of 8 μg/mL cefotaxime positive control. The F. solani antibacterial activity, however, was lower than the two positive control concentrations used. Colletotrichum sp. isolated from sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) did not have any antibacterial to all bacteria tested.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular