Judul: Customary Forest Recognition and the Meaning of Welfare by Indigenous People
Abstrak: Hutan adat merupakan sumberdaya alam yang penting di kehidupan masyarakat, terutama masyarakat adat yang tinggal di sekitar wilayah hutan. Perjalanan pembangunan di Indonesia yang sempat menempatkan hutan adat sebagai milik negara yang kelolanya terpusat pada kuasa negara menyebabkan pemiskinan dan marginalisasi kepada masyarakat yang selama ini memanfaatkan hutan. Sekarang saat hutan adat kembali menjadi hutan hak yang dipegang oleh masyarakat, menarik untuk dilihat bagaimana persepsi dan perubahan dalam kehidupan masyarakat adat, khususnya pada struktur nafkah, struktur agraria, konflik agraria, tenurial security, human security, serta pengaruhnya terhadap pemaknaan akan kesejahteraan itu sendiri. Oleh karena itu, tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh penetapan status hutan adat terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui penyebaran instrumen kuesioner, wawancara mendalam, dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan penetapan status hutan adat yang diuji pada Desa Citorek Timur dan Desa Citorek Kidul, berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Desa Citorek Timur.
Keyword: customary forest, indigenous people, well-being

Judul: Dampak Partisipasi Masyarakat Adat dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Adat Terhadap Kondisi Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Ekologi (Kasus: Hutan Adat Depati Kara Jayo Tuo Desa Rantau Kermas Kabupaten Merangin Jambi)
Abstrak: Pengelolaan hutan tidak terlepas dari peran masyarakat adat yang tinggal di sekitar hutan tersebut. Munculnya larangan bagi mereka untuk berada pada kawasan hutan oleh pemerintah bukanlah jalan yang tepat untuk mempertahan kelestarian kawasan hutan. Adanya pengakuan masyarakat adat dan hutan adat oleh pemerintah di kawasan mereka merupakan jalan tengah agar mengurangi kerusakan hutan sembari membangun kelembagaan lokal dengan melibatkan masyarakat. Setelah berlangsung lima tahun setelah penetapan masyarakat adat, menarik untuk dilihat bagaimana tingkat partisipasi masyarakat dalam pengelolaan hutan adat dan pengaruhnya terhadap sosial ekonomi masyarakat dan ekologi hutan adat. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis dampak partisipasi masyarakat adat dalam pengelolaan hutan adat terhadap kondisi sosial, ekonomi, dan ekologi. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif didukung kualitatif. Pendekatan kuantitatif dilakukan dengan survei menggunakan alat kuesioner yang disebar kepada 50 orang masyarakat Adat Marga Serampas Desa Rantau Kermas. Pemilihan responden menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dan data yang diperoleh diolah menggunakan uji multivariat. Pendekatan kualitatif menggunakan metode triangulasi. Hasil uji kuantitatif menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh tingkat partisipasi terhadap kondisi sosial masyarakat namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap kondisi ekonomi masyarakat dan ekologi hutan adat. Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukkan ada hubungan saling terkait antara kelembagaan dengan partisipasi dan kondisi sosial masyarakat, ekonomi desa dan ekologi hutan adat., Forest management is inseparable from the role of indigenous peoples who live around the forest. The emergence of a ban for them to be in forest areas by the government is not the right way to maintain the sustainability of forest areas. The existence of recognition of indigenous peoples and customary forests by the government in their areas is a middle way to reduce forest destruction while building local institutions by involving the community. After five years after the establishment of indigenous peoples, it is interesting to see how the level of community participation in customary forest management and its impact on the community's social economy and the ecology of customary forests. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of the participation of indigenous peoples in customary forest management on social, economic and ecological conditions. This study uses a quantitative approach supported by qualitative. The quantitative approach was carried out by means of a survey using a questionnaire which was distributed to 50 Indigenous people of the Marga Serampas Village, Rantau Kermas Village. The selection of respondents used a simple random sampling technique and the data obtained was processed using a multivariate test. A qualitative approach uses the triangulation method. The results of the quantitative test show that there is an influence on the level of participation on the social conditions of the community but does not affect the economic conditions of the community and the ecology of customary forests. The results of the qualitative test show that there is an interrelated relationship between institutions and community participation and social conditions, the village economy and the ecology of customary forests.
Keyword: customary forest ecology, institutions related to customary forest, indigenous peoples, participation, management of customary forests, socio-economic communities

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable