Judul: Kondisi Ekosistem Terumbu Karang Pulau Belanda, Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta Utara
Abstrak: Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu merupakan kawasan konservasi laut, yang mempunyai fungsi antara lain sebagai tempat perlindungan bagi flora dan fauna, daerah wisata bahari, dan eksploitasi secara terbatas bagi masyarakat setempat. Fungsi-fungsi tersebut ditempatkan pada masing-masing zona yang ada yaitu zona inti, zona perlindungan , zona pemanfaatan dan zona penyangga.
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Judul: Tinjau Ekologi-Ekonomi Taman Nasional Laut Kepulauan Seribu (Studi Kasus di Pulau Kelapa, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta)
Abstrak: Isu yang tengah menggejala saat ini di masyarakat dunia adalah mengenai keanekaragaman hayati. Dimana lingkungan hidup beserta isinya harus dilestarikan karena generasi mendatang memiliki hak untuk menikmati apa yang ada sekarang dan seandainya kekayaan hayati tersebut hilang, maka suatu generasi &an terancam dan menjadi terganggu. Maksud pokoknya adalah menyelaraskan antara kepentingan ekonomi masyarakat, dimana generasi sekarang dapat menggunakan kekayaan dam untuk mencukupi kebutuhannya sehari-hari, dengan faktor ekologi, yaitu dilestarikannya kekayaan hayati yang terdapat di alam. Inilah inti Pembangunan Ekonomi Berkelanjutan.
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Judul: Effects of Particle Shapes on Temperature Distribution under Static Ohmic Heating.
Abstrak: The ohmic heating is defined as a process wherein an alternating electrical current is passed through materials resulting in the heat generation inside the product. The excellence of ohmic heating in comparison with other thermal processing is its energy efficiency and ohmic heating could keeping nutritional as well quality attribute of food via blanching, sterilization, pasteurization, extraction, fermentation, and evaporation. Nevertheless, in ohmic heating process, the electrical conductivity of product is a key parameter. The worst case in the ohmic heating of multiphase product could be occurred when the solid phase has very lower or very high electrical conductivity than the liquid. This study aims to reveal the temperature distribution and the heating rate properties of solid and liquid phase as affected by particle shape and its orientation to the electric field. Experiments were conducted with salt solution 1% and carrot that blanched in salt solution 6%. Blanching process was conducted in order to increase the electrical conductivity of carrot close to the salt solution 1%. Ohmic heating was applied to the sample using static cell (4.90 cm diameter and 6.00 cm in length of sample area) at constant voltage gradient (40 V). Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. It was observed that the different particle shape and orientation provide the different heating rate properties. The slice particle had the fastest heating rate. Moreover the perpendicular orientation was heated faster than parallel orientation. The parallel cylindrical shape provides the slowest heating rate. This shape possibly induced the worst-case condition and could be used as sufficiency heat parameter. The heating pattern of each solid and liquid were simulated using COMSOL modeling software. The predicted temperature values were in good agreement with the experimental data with the maximum prediction error of 3 °C.
Keyword: particle orientation, particle shape, electrical conductivity, ohmic heating