Judul: Studi perbandingan antara komoditas teh dan cengkeh ditinjau dari aspek finansial : studi kasus di PTP XII Perkebunan Pasir Nangka, Cianjur
Abstrak: Praktek lapangan ini merupakan studi kasus pada PTP duabelas Perkebunan Pasir Nangka, yang terletak di Kabu- paten Cianjur (Jawa Barat) dan dilaksanakan selama dua bulan, yaitu mulai Bulan Desember 1987 s/d Januari 1988. Tujuan Praktek lapang adalah untuk; (1) Mengetahui keadaan umum Perkebunan Pasir Nangka (2) Mengadakan studi komparatif antara komoditas teh dan cengkeh ditinjau dari aspek finansial, sehingga diketahui; (a) profitabilitas dalam perhitungan NPV (b) produktivitas dalam perhitungan IRR (c) likwiditas dan solvabilitas dalam perhitungan E, CV dan L. Dalam praktek lapang ini digunakan data selama 16 tahun yaitu data tahun 1971 s/d 1986, yang terdiri dari data primer dan data sekunder. Untuk cengkeh, yaitu data tahun tanam 1971 s/d 1975, sedang untuk teh adalah data tahun tanam 1971 s/d 1980. Kedua komoditas ini diperbandingkan berdasarkan satu luasan yang sama yaitu satu ha. Produk si rata-rata per ha per tahun berkisar antara 970 kg s/d 2 267 kilogram untuk teh dan 24.05 kg s/d 193.25 kg untuk bunga cengkeh, sedang untuk tangkai cengkeh berkisar antara 8.16 kilogram s/d 77.47 kg...
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Judul: Analisis kelayakan finansial peremajaan tanaman teh: studi kasus PTP Nusantara VIII, Perkebunan Gedeh, Kabupaten Cianjur, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Teh merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang memberikan kontribusi penting dalam perdagangan komoditas, yaitu sebagai penyumbang Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) dan penyumbang devisa negara. Komoditi teh juga memiliki fungsi sebagai tanaman konservasi dan penyedia lapangan kerja yang padat karya. Tanaman teh yang sudah tua dan tidak produktif harus diremajakan karena tanaman tersebut memerlukan biaya perawatan yang tinggi. Peremajaan yang dilakukan harus didasarkan pada efisiensi pengelolaan perkebunan. Peremajaan adalah langkah yang tepat bagi perusahaan untuk mempertahankan tingkat produksinya dalam memperpanjang kelangsungan hidup perusahaan. Oleh karena itu diharapkan investasi pada proyek peremajaan dapat memberikan keuntungan semaksimal mungkin. Secara garis besar tujuan penulisan adalah menganalisis kelayakan finansial proyek peremajaan tanaman teh di Perkebunan Gedeh, serta mengetahui şaat optimum untuk melaksanakan peremajaan tanaman teh. Dalam analisis finansial alat analisis yang digunakan adalah Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate Return (IRR) dan Net B/C Ratio. Dan untuk penilaian pengembalian investasi ditunjukkan oleh kriteria Payback Periode atau Masa Pengembalian Investasi (MPI)…
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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