Judul: Penambahan cendawan mikoriza arbuskula (CMA) dan pupuk NPK pada tanah salin terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi rumput Chloris gayana Kunth dan setaria splendida Stapf
Abstrak: The objective of the experiment was to recognize the effect of mycorrhiza and NPK fertilizer application on growth and production of Chloris gayana and Setaria splendida grown on saline soil. This experiment used factorial Completely Randomized Design, involving 2 factors with in 3 replicates.
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Judul: Effect of Drought Stress and Addition of Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on Growth and Productivity of Tropical Grasses (Chloris gayana, Paspalum dilatatum, andPaspalum notatum)
Abstrak: Lebih dari 60 % pakan yang dikonsumsi ternak ruminansia adalah hijauan. Rumput merupakan tanaman pakan yang sampai saat ini ketersediaannya baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas harus ditingkatkan. Budidaya rumput dipengaruhi oleh iklim dimana musim kemarau sering kali menjadi suatu kendala karena ketersediaan air menurun. Salah satu alternatif yang dapat diterapkan dan dikembangkan untuk beberapa jenis tanaman budidaya dalam mengatasi cekaman air tersebut adalah dengan pemanfaatan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) pada tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh pemberian Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas Chloris gayana, Paspalum notatum, dan Paspalum dilatatum pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan sehingga dapat diketahui jenis rumput yang adaptif.Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah tiga jenis tanaman rumput yaitu, Chloris gayana, Paspalum notatum, dan Paspalum dilatatum. Perlakuan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini antara lain: M0S0 = Tanpa mikoriza dan disiram tiap hari;M0S1 = Tanpa mikoriza dan tidak disiram;M1S0 = Dengan mikoriza dan disiram tiap hari; M1S1 = Dengan mikoriza dan tidak disiram. Desain percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan 5 ulangan. Setiap jenis rumput dilakukan penelitian secara terpisah. Peubah yang diamati pada penelitian ini antara lain kadar air tanah, tinggi vertikal tanaman, berat kering tajuk, berat kering akar, infeksi akar dan indeks sensitivitas kekeringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tanaman mengalami titik layu permanen pada masing-masing rumput yaitu Paspalum dilatatum 24 hari, Chloris gayana 32hari, dan Paspalum notatum 44hari. Tanaman yang diberikan perlakuan mikoriza pada kondisi cekaman kekeringan memiliki pengaruh yang berbeda nyata dan mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas untuk perlakuan berat kering akar pada tanaman Chloris gayana, sedangkan peubah lain pada tanaman penelitianbelum memberikan pengaruh yang nyata. Urutan jenis rumput yang mempunyai produktivitas yang baik dalam kondisi cekaman kekeringan, baik yang diberikan mikoriza maupun tanpa pemberian mikoriza, yaitu Paspalum notatum, Chloris gayana, danPaspalum dilatatum.Dari ketiga rumput yang diteliti yang paling adaptifadalah rumput Paspalum notatum yang memiliki pertumbuhan dan produksi yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan kedua jenis lainnya.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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