Judul: Pemurnian Glukomanan secara Enzimatis dari Tepung Iles-iles
Abstrak: Glucomannan is typical polysaccharide derived from konjac tuber. Conventional fractionation of glucomannan in konjac flour is by mechanical separation method, but it produces low purity glucomannan flour and needs further purification methods. This research is explored the glucomannan purification by enzymatic hydrolysis directly from konjac flour. Since konjac flour mainly consisted of starch, glucomannan and fiber, in this research sole thermophilic α-amylase enzyme and consortium of enzymes (amylase, xylanase and cellulose) were applied on 50 and 65 oC of incubation temperature for 2 hours. The results showed that consortium of enzymes can not be used for glucomannan purification; because glucomannan component is hydrolyzed by xylanase and cellulose. Glucomannan flour produced from sole α-amylase with incubation temperature of 50ᵒC has the highest yield (42.7%) compared to incubation temperature of 65ᵒC (31.6%). Duration of incubation also influenced to the glucomannan yield, and two hours of incubation time gave the best glucomannan flour with highest yield (37.0%), purity (46.1%), viscosity (42.3 cPs) and good whiteness (12.7%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of konjac flour also produced starch syrup (DE 55.6 – 77.9) as by- products.
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Judul: Pemurnian Glukomanan secara Enzimatis dari Tepung Iles-iles
Abstrak: Glucomannan is typical polysaccharide derived from konjac tuber. Conventional fractionation of glucomannan in konjac flour is by mechanical separation method, but it produces low purity glucomannan flour and needs further purification methods. This research is explored the glucomannan purification by enzymatic hydrolysis directly from konjac flour. Since konjac flour mainly consisted of starch, glucomannan and fiber, in this research sole thermophilic α-amylase enzyme and consortium of enzymes (amylase, xylanase and cellulose) were applied on 50 and 65 oC of incubation temperature for 2 hours. The results showed that consortium of enzymes can not be used for glucomannan purification; because glucomannan component is hydrolyzed by xylanase and cellulose. Glucomannan flour produced from sole α-amylase with incubation temperature of 50ᵒC has the highest yield (42.7%) compared to incubation temperature of 65ᵒC (31.6%). Duration of incubation also influenced to the glucomannan yield, and two hours of incubation time gave the best glucomannan flour with highest yield (37.0%), purity (46.1%), viscosity (42.3 cPs) and good whiteness (12.7%). Enzymatic hydrolysis of konjac flour also produced starch syrup (DE 55.6 – 77.9) as by- products.
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Judul: Karakteristik Ukuran dan Bentuk Kepala Burung Bayan-Bayanan (Psittacidae) di Indonesia
Abstrak: Burung bayan-bayanan yang tergabung dalam famili Psittacidae memiliki variasi morfologi yang cukup tinggi yang eksistensinya perlu dipertimbangkan karena telah memberikan kontribusi dalam keanekaragaman hayati di Indonesia. Burung bayan-bayanan yang tergabung dalam famili Psittacidae memiliki variasi morfologi yang cukup tinggi. Upaya penangkaran yang belum optimal dan perburuan liar pada burung bayan-bayanan untuk diperdagangkan dalam jumlah yang cukup tinggi; mengakibatkan penurunan populasi secara drastis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai ketidakserupaan morfometrik berdasarkan ukuran-ukuran linear kepala diantara 13 spesies burung bayan-bayanan yang diamati. Ketidakserupaan morfometrik tersebut disajikan dalam bentuk dendogram melalui pendekatan jarak minimum D2 Mahalanobis. Ukuran dan bentuk kepala diantara 13 spesies burung bayan-bayanan yang diamati diperbandingkan satu sama lain dalam bentuk diagram kerumunan melalui pendekatan Analisis Komponen Utama. Data sekunder diperoleh dari laboratorium ornithologi Widyasatwaloka, LIPI-Biologi Cibinong yang meliputi tinggi kepala, lebar kepala, panjang paruh, tinggi paruh dan tebal paruh. Data tersebut meliputi spesimen burung bayan-bayanan berjumlah 234 spesimen. yang terdiri atas 128 spesimen jantan dan 106 spesimen betina. Jumlah tersebut menyebar pada 11 spesimen Loriculus stigmatus (tujuh ekor jantan dan empat ekor betina), 17 spesimen Loriculus galgulus (12 ekor jantan dan lima ekor betina), 22 spesimen Charmosyna placentis intensior (tujuh ekor jantan dan 15 ekor betina), 11 spesimen Cacatua alba (delapan ekor jantan dan tiga ekor betina), 12 spesimen Cacatua sulphurea occidentalis (enam ekor jantan dan enam ekor betina), 20 spesimen Eclectus roratus roratus (13 ekor jantan dan tujuh ekor betina), 13 spesimen Alisterus amboinensis buruensis (tujuh ekor jantan dan enam ekor betina), 13 spesimen Psittacula alexandri alexandri (dua ekor jantan dan 11 ekor betina), 13 spesimen Psittacula alexandri dammermani (enam ekor jantan dan tujuh ekor betina), 16 spesimen Psittacula longicauda longicauda (10 ekor jantan dan enam ekor betina), 24 Trichoglossus haematodus haematodus (15 ekor jantan dan sembilan ekor betina), 20 Trichoglossus ornatus (11 ekor jantan dan sembilan ekor betina), 27 spesimen Eos bornea cyanonothus (17 ekor jantan dan 10 ekor betina) dan 15 spesimen Eos squamata obiensis (tujuh ekor jantan dan delapan ekor betina).
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