Judul: Performance Evaluation of Salt Farmers Business People (Case Studies in Bima Distric, Nusa Tenggara Barat province).
Abstrak: Flood of salt imports from the country four season to meet consumption needs and the needs of industry to Indonesia make the price of salt is low, people's business performance seen from the salt farmer productivity, quality of salt and salt farmers welfare of the people questioned nationwide. Surprisingly rich tropical sea water and sunlight with the fourth longest coastline in the world's salt supply shortage in the country, in 2010 national production of only 30,600 tons of salt or less than 1 percent of national demand in 2010 due to harvest in a number of production centers between 1.000 - 7.000 tons. ponds area and one of the factors that influence the production of salt is an integral part of the performance of producing salt as salt producers nationwide. Business performance on a salt farmer folk analyzed the influence of the land area of salt ponds on productivity, quality and financial performance by analysis of variance (Anova), for quality is also conducted lab tests and analysis of financial performance using the calculation of revenue, R/C ratio and B/C ratio. The analysis indicates the diversity of productivity F count 0.185 is smaller than the F table 3.885 with probability 0.833. Analysis of the diversity of sea water salinity showed F count 0.339 smaller than F table 5.143 with probability 0.725. Levels of NaCl has a score of 84.18 percent with the average color of white salt crystals are turbid and a diameter of less than 5 millimeters. Revenue from June to August 2011 the highest value on the people producing salt flats with an area of 0.23 hectares of land, averaging 4576666.67 while the lowest score in the group of farmers salt flats with an area of 0.85 hectares of land, the average score of 1677500.00. The analysis indicates the diversity of income F count 0.581 smaller than F table 0.588 probabilities 5.143. R/C ratio and B/C ratio produced from June to August 2011 the highest value in the group of people producing salt flats with total area of 0.23 hectares, the average score of 10.1533 while lowest in the group of salt farmers with average land area of 0.85 hectares, average score of 3.2367. The analysis indicates the diversity of F count 1.089 is smaller than the F table 5.143 with probability 0.395. Effect of salt pond land area of productivity, quality and financial performance analysis results show analysis of variance (Anova) of the same namely the lack of significant differences. Based on the above data the business performance of the people rated low salt farmers and growers need to be enhanced by the salt of the people, particularly in the area.
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Judul: Contract Farming Pattern In Salt Farming (Case Study Sumenep, Madura-East Java)
Abstrak: Salt is one of the strategically important commodity, because it is used as an industrial raw materials and foodstuffs needed by almost all people. Geographically, Indonesia has natural resources that support the needs of national salt. Indonesia is a maritime country with a vast ocean of 70 percent (5.8 million km2) of the total area. In addition, Indonesia is also a country with the second longest coastline in the world along 95 181 km and has the potential land that could be used as a salt pond area of 34 000 hectares (Balitbang KKP, 2012), is currently only 20 000 hetares are being used. The fundamental problem for most salt farmers in Sumenep is salt production and the quality is still low. Of course this affects the position of farmers in determining the quality and price of the salt it self (Suherman et al, 2011). This was caused by several factors there are limitations of technology used, methods applied, access to capital and market information is still very minimal. Position of farmers that only as a producer, it caused the midlle men dominate in the salt marketing. Relationship between farmers and middle men are not only in marketing, but also in the capital. Therefore, farmers rely on merchants collectors, this reliance made salt farmers do not have a good bargaining position. The impacts of inequality occurs no one benefit and the other one gets lose. One of way that can be done to increase the bargaining power of farmers is through building institutional contract farming (Vermulen and Cotula, 2011). This study aims to (1) To analyze the pattern of cooperation has been carried out by salt farmers with some related sides, (2) Formulate and recommend an appropriate model of contract farming institutions in order to increase the bargaining position dan the welfare of salt farmers. Sampling methods are done intentionally (purposive sampling). The analysis of the data used, is descriptive analysis that aims to describe how the characteristics of the doers, described the mechanism of the existing pattern of cooperation, and the costs incurred for the creation of contract farming pattern. For describe statistical describe of the average amount of salt production and data of average price of sales price of salt by using tabulation. Revenue analysis is done to measure the success of farm. Total farm income is the difference between the total revenue expenditure total. To know whether the models contract farming are built worth or not worth doing analysis Benefit-Cost Ratio (B/C). To measure efficiency levels used transaction cost analysis. Transaction costs are the costs incurred in conducting economic transactions. Generally, according to the North & Thomas in Anggraini (2005), the general components of transaction costs that will be taken into account in the salt business includes: (1) the cost to get information, such as information about the price, salt quality and variance of salt that based on quality, (2) contracting costs, how much it cost to legalize the contract, (3) the cost of implementation, cost incurred to do a contract/transaction. The result showed that the forms of cooperation
Keyword: Salt farming, Bargaining position, Contract farming

Judul: Immunohystochemical Characterization of Integrin Alfa 6 in Uterine and Cervix of the Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with MfPV3 Infection
Abstrak: Kanker serviks merupakan suatu pertumbuhan abnormal dari sel epitel jaringan serviks akibat adanya infeksi persisten human papillomavirus (HPV). Data World Health Organization pada tahun 2017 menyatakan kanker serviks menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar kedua pada wanita setelah kanker payudara. Monyet ekor panjang (MEP) secara alami dapat terinfeksi Macaca fascicularis Papillomavirus 3 (MfPV3) yang secara filogenetik, virus tersebut memiliki kekerabatan yang sangat dekat dengan HPV onkogenik pada manusia (HPV-16 dan HPV-34), yaitu genus alpha papillomavirus. Integrin alfa 6 (ITGα6) merupakan reseptor yang ditemukan pada pada manusia dengan HPV positif dan merupakan reseptor yang sebagian besar diekspresikan oleh sel epitel dan populasi sel punca kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji MEP sebagai hewan model HPV melalui karakterisasi reseptor ITGα6 menggunakan uji imunohistokimia serta menentukan tingkatan atau derajat dari cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) pada jaringan serviks yang terinfeksi MfPV3. Studi ini menggunakan sampel arsip dalam Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) jaringan uterus dan serviks MEP positif MfPV3 secara spontan dan negatif MfPV3. Hewan berusia sekitar 2-6 tahun dengan kisaran berat badan 2-4 kg. Jaringan uterus dan serviks diproses untuk pembuatan histologi dan dilakukan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) untuk menentukan derajat CIN serta pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi anti human ITGα6. Evaluasi pewarnaan imunohistokima menggunakan lima lapang pandang mikroskopis, pembesaran lensa objektif 40X per slide. Gambar dikuantifikasi menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ ver 1.53, parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas warna dan luas area sel positif ITGα6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 80% sampel positif memiliki CIN dan peningkatan ekspresi ITGα6 pada kelompok hewan positif MfPV3 dibandingkan pada kelompok hewan negatif MfPV3. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa MEP betina berpotensi sebagai model praklinis alternatif dan sangat relevan untuk studi biologi Papillomavirus.
Keyword: human papillomavirus (hpv), immunohistokimia, ITGα6, Macaca fascicularis