Judul: Perilaku Penjaja Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah Tentang Gizi Dan Keamanan Pangan Di Lingkungan Sekolah Dasar Kota Dan Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: The purposes of this research are to identify and to analyze the view of snack hawker for students about nutrition and food safety at the elementary school environment in the Bogor city and Bogor District. The design is a cross-sectional study. The subjects of this research are 47 snack hawkers for students around the Bogor City Bogor District whom are picked by the purposive sampling method. Descriptive statistical method is used to process all the data. The subjects are dominated by man (72.3%) and about 68.1% of them are in the early-adult age (18 – 40). Most of the subjects are elementary school graduated and at the same percentage of it, subjects are not poor. Most of them has been doing this job for about 1- 5 years (44.7%) and 90% of all the subjects received nutrition and food safety information from television. As the result of it, 68.0% of the subject’s lack of knowledge about nutrition and food safety and 40.4% of them had quite good knowledge about it. There are no significant differentiation about knowledge of nutrition and food safety between the subjects which had been classified by area, accreditation status. About 48.9% of subjects lack of nutritional behavior and 53.2% of them had a quite good behavior for food safety. Subject’s behavior about nutrition and food safety had no significant differentiation which had been classified by area, accreditation status. Among all of the subjects, only 6.4% of them applying a good hygiene practice on the food and drink preparation, also on the food service. About 44.7% of subject did not apply a good hygiene practice on preparing and handling food/drink, and also 42.5% of them are not applying good pest control, sanitation of food preparation area and lack of tools. There are no significant differentiation between subjects which had been classified by area, accreditation status and seller group (p<0.05) about applying good food safety. Only 44.6% of subjects who admit using food additive, 61.9% of them get the food additive from local grocery store and 66.7% of them admit using flavoring additive. Pearson’s correlative test shows that there is a positive correlation between nutrition knowledge and nutrition behavior (r=0.645**; p<0.05) and also between food safety knowledge and food safety behavior (r=0.454; p<0.05), but there are no signifficance correlation between the nutrition and food safety knowledge/behavior with the practice and also no signifficance correlation between the access of nutrition and food safety information with the practice of nutrition and food safety.
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Judul: Penerapan Peraturan Dan Praktek Keamanan Pangan Jajanan Anak Sekolah Di Sekolah Dasar Kota Dan Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: The main purpose of this research is to analyze the application of food safety rules and practice on student’s meal in elementary school at city and district of Bogor. This research use a cross-sectional study design. This research was located in two elementary schools at the city and district which have caffetaria and similar other facilities. Selection of the research location was determined by purposive sampling methode, with criterias 1) The school has a caffetaria, 2) Has a strong commitment, 3) Recomended government. Based on the criterias, two elementary school from city and district of Bogor was taken as the subjects based on the acreditation status. All population of the snack hawkers are also taken as the subjects (total 47 hawkers). The process of data analyzing was done by descriptive and inferencial methode. The correlation between variables were analyzed with Pearson’s correlation test, whereas the difference between variables were analyzed by Independent Sample T-Test. The result of this research is that the application Most of the subjects (53% of subjects) are lack of information about nutrition and food safety. Statistical test shown that there are no significant differentiation for nutritional education rate and food safety knowledge based on location, accreditation status and seller groups classification. However, correlation test shown that there is a positive relation between education rate and nutrition and food safety knowledge of the subjects (r=0.356*, p=0.014). As a whole result of subject’s food safety practice, about 51.1% of them are in the category of inadequate. Statistical differential test shown that there are no significant differentiation on food safety for student’s snack in the categories based on location, accreditation status and seller groups. Correlation test result shown that nutritional and food safety knowledge has a negative relation with food safety practice for student’s snack (r=-0.079, p>0.05). Based on the application of the student’s snack rules, every school have rules for student’s snack which most of them are unwritten. Most of the rules are about food sanitation, discipline of the street hawker’s and the use of food additive. Those rules are not applied in an optimal fashion because most of the subjects are in the category lack of knowledge about food safety and they are still using food additives. The applications of those rules by most of the schools are in the medium category and only one of them applied the rules perfectly. The school has a committee who involved in the making of those rules. The street snack hawkers’ perception about application of those rules have varieties, even 51.1% of them do not know that there are some rules from the schools. This might be because lack of socialization about the rules. Correlation test result shown that there is no significant relation between the application of the rules with nutrition and food safety knowledge (p>0.05), and also no significant relation between the application of the rules with food safety practice (p>0.05).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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