Judul: Factors Affecting the Reproductive Performance Efficiency of Beef  Cattle in the South Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: Penerapan teknologi inseminasi buatan (IB) terus ditingkatkan terutama di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan sebagai salah satu daerah sentra populasi sapi pedaging di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi efisiensi reproduksi ternak pada program inseminasi buatan di Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan. Data kinerja reproduksi merupakan data sekunder dari iSIKHNAS. Data ditabulasi berdasarkan lokasi (kabupaten), inseminator, bangsa sapi, dan peubah reproduksi yaitu nilai S/C dan persentase (%) kebuntingan. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, analisis ragam dan korelasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sapi bali, peranakan limosin dan peranakan semental masingmasing memiliki skor S/C yaitu 2.24; 2.44; 2.61. Lokasi (kabupaten) yang memiliki efisiensi reproduksi baik, ditunjukkan dengan skor S/C yang lebih baik (P<0.05) adalah Kota Palopo, Kabupaten Barru, Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang, Kabupaten Jeneponto, Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Kabupaten Sinjai, Kabupaten Bantaeng, dan Kabupaten Tana Toraja. % Persentase inseminator berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap efisiensi reproduksi, meskipun di kabupaten Tana Toraja memiliki jumlah inseminator kurang baik namun memiliki efisiensi reproduksi yang terbaik. Sebaliknya di Kabupaten Pinrang jumlah inseminator tinggi akan tetapi memiliki efisiensi reproduksi yang rendah (P<0.05). Efisiensi reproduksi secara umum dapat dijelaskan bahwa sangat dipengaruhi oleh lokasi kabupaten dan jumlah inseminator, sedangkan bangsa sapi tidak memengaruhi skor S/C dan % kebuntingan., The application of artificial insemination (AI) technology continues to improve, especially in South Sulawesi, one of Indonesia's beef cattle population centers. This study aims to determine the factors influencing AI implementation in South Sulawesi. Reproduction performance secondary data was obtained from iSIKHNAS. Data were tabulated by district, inseminator, cattle breed, and reproductive variables (S/C value and pregnancy percentage). Data were analyzed using descriptive, variance, and correlation analyses. Bali, Limousin, and Simmental cattle had S/C of 2.24, 2.44, and 2.61, respectively. Different district locations have better S/C (P<0.05), such as Palopo, Barru, Sidenreng Rappang, Jeneponto, North Luwu, Sinjai, Bantaeng, and Tana Toraja. The performance of inseminators had a significant effect (P<0.05). Although with a low number of inseminators, Tana Toraja had the best reproductive efficiency, compared to Soppeng, which has many inseminators but low livestock reproductive efficiency (P<0.05). In conclusion, reproductive efficiency performance is influenced by location (district topography) and inseminator performance, whereas the breed of cattle does not affect S/C values and pregnancy percentage. The results of the correlation analysis showed that S/C has a positive correlation with inseminator performance of 44.3%.
Keyword: artificial insemination, beef cattle reproduction, service per conception, South Sulawes

Judul: The Reproductive Profile of Beef Cattle Acceptor in the Artificial Insemination Program (AI) in Bekasi Regency
Abstrak: Seiring bertambahnya jumlah penduduk maka semakin meningkat pula tingkat konsumsi masyarakat akan protein hewani. Permintaan daging sapi oleh konsumen tidak diimbangi dengan jumlah populasi sapi potong di Indonesia. Kegiatan inseminasi buatan (IB) di Indonesia terus dilakukan guna meningkatkan populasi, mutu, dan produksi ternak sapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keberhasilan IB pada sapi potong sebagai evaluasi pelaksanaan program IB di Kabupaten Bekasi dilihat dari service per conception (S/C) dan conception rate (CR). Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Bekasi pada tahun 2018 dan 2019 laporan program IB, laporan pemeriksaan kebuntingan, serta perhitungan S/C dan CR. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif berdasarkan hasil olahan program Microsoft Excel 2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata S/C pada tahun 2018 sebesar 1,3 dan tahun 2019 sebesar 1,1, kemudian untuk CR pada tahun 2018 yaitu sebesar 76,96% dan tahun 2019 sebesar 91,11%. Disimpulkan bahwa pelaksanaan IB di Kabupaten Bekasi dapat diklasifikasi berhasil karena melampaui target skala nasional., As the civil population increases, so does the level of public consumption of animal protein. The consumers’ demand on beef was not equal with the number of beef cattle population in Indonesia. The Artificial Insemination (AI) activities in Indonesia were continuously carried out in order to increase the population, the quality, and the production of beef cattle. The aims of this research are to determine the success rate of AI in beef cattle as the evaluation of the implementation on the AI program in Bekasi Regency as seen from the Service per Conception (S/C) and Conception Rate (CR). The data used was secondary data obtained from the Agriculture Office of Bekasi District in 2018 and 2019, AI program reports, pregnancy reports, and calculation of S/C and CR percentage. The data obtained were analyzed descriptive -comparatively based on the results of the Microsoft Excel 2013 program. The results showed that the average S/C in 2018-2019 was 1,3 and 1,1. For the CR in 2018-2019 was 76,96% and 91,11%. The AI Implementation in Bekasi district can be classified succeed because it can exceed the national scale target.
Keyword: AI, beef cattle, CR, S/C

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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