Judul: Teknik Imotilisasi Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) Menggunakan Ekstrak Daun Kecubung (Datura metel L)
Abstrak: Datura metel L is a species of flora which destributed scattered around Indonesia, especially in dry areas, which contained anesthetic substances. The leaves contain alkaloid and saponion. The main objective of this research was to determine the concentration of Datura metel L leaves extract as an anesthetic for common carp fish and its survival rate. The treatment of this research is the differences between Datura metel L leaves from 1 through 5 and 6 through 10 with concentration differences of 15%, 20%, and 25%. The best Datura metel L leaves extract is on 1st through 5th leaf with the concentration of 20%, with 61 minutes of onset time with a life expectancy of 87%, with post anaesthesia water quality pH 5,3, DO 2,9 ppm, and TAN 3,4 mg/L. Leaf 6 through 10 performed with the longest amount of time, which is 116 minutes with the life expectancy of 97%.
Keyword: water quality, Datura metel L, anesthetic, alcaloid

Judul: Teknik Imotilisasi Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) Menggunakan Bahan Anestesi Ekstrak Kasar Buah Pala (Myristica fragrans)
Abstrak: Immotilisation technique implemented to common carp (Cyprinus carpio) using nutmeg juice (Myristica fragrans) as anesthesia materials. The aim of study is to determine the effectiveness of nutmeg juice as a natural anesthetic on carp. The first stage of anesthesia test use variable that is part of nutmeg, which is nutmeg mace, grains, and meats with each part of nutmeg has a concentration of 5%, 10%, 20%, 15%, 20%, and 25%. ANOVA results of the first phase of the test data showed variable anesthetic concentration and variable part of nutmeg significantly different influence on the time unconscious and conscious time with significance values of 0.004 and 0.000. Further test using Tukey's test and Contrast Orthogonal test showed mace with a concentration of 5% was the most effective variable with values faint time 1.47 minute and conscious time of 14.07 minute. The second stage of anesthesia test conducted for the purpose of the test results anesthetic screening first stage with variable concentrations of mace at 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 7% and 8%. ANOVA results of the second phase of the test data indicated anesthetic variables affecting mace was significantly different of concentrations against time to faint value of 0.000 but not significant influence on the conscious time the value of 0.688. Further test using Tukey test showed mace with 3% concentration is the most effective variable with values faint time 1.11minute and conscious time 15.25 minute. Blood glucose test results showed an increase in blood sugar levels on all variables tested with an average increase of 112 mg/dL, and a correlation coefficient of 0.71 were categorized to have a strong level of correlation. Water quality test results to the parameters temperature, DO, pH, and salinity in all of variables concentrations before and after anesthesia in a row shows the average change in the value of -0.06 0C, -0.31 mg/L, -2.04 pH/mV, and 0 ppt. Regretion linier test on the faint time result to the parameters temperature, DO, pH, and salinity shows the corelation value, R2 values, and significance values, respectively for (0.23 ; 0.55), (0.49 ; 0.18) and (0.80 ; 0.009). Test data showed no effect of faint time on the salinity of water salinity.
Keyword: nutmeg, effective, concentration, anesthesia

Judul: Analysis of Unequal Income Distribution with Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Abstrak: This paper studies the economic growth model by Moav (2002). Moav model shows the existence of unequal income distribution between low-income with high-income community. That kind of unequal income distribution is caused by uneven distribution of income. On this Moav model, there is one area called the threshold. Threshold becomes a benchmark to determining whether a society is categorized into low- or high- income community. The production function used in this paper is the Cobb-Douglas function. The dynamics of this model is described as difference equation of low-income, threshold, and high-income community. Simulation study on the model is carried out using Maple 13 and Mathematica 7.0 software. Overall, from the observed case, high-income community will reach a stable condition earlier, followed by the threshold, and then the low-income community.
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