Judul: Respons Ayam Broiler terhadap Teknik Pertumbuhan Kompensasi : Taraf Pemakaian Serbuk Gergaji dan Minyak Ikan terhadap Organ Dalam dan Organ Pencernaan
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan kompensasi dapat dimunculkan dengan memberikan kondisi sementara yang kurang baik seperti kekurangan zat nutrisi diikuti dengan pemenuhan kembali zat nutrisi tersebut, sehingga pertumbuhan yang semula terhambat .akan dikompensasikan dengan pertumbuhan yang lebih cepat akhirnya mencapai bobot badan yang sama. Serat kasar tinggi dalam ransum selain mengurangi asupan (intake) zat makanan juga dapat meningkatkan kerja organ pencernaan. Teknik pertumbuhan kompensasi dengan memakai serbuk gergaji yang diberikan dalam taraf dan periode tertentu diduga dapat meningkatkan ukuran organ dalam dan organ pencernaan. Dalam periode pemulihan atau periode kompensasi sebagian ransum komersial dapat disubstitusi dengan bahan yang kaya energi, atau komposisi lainnya untuk mendapatkan respons yang optimal.
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Judul: Respons ayam broiler terhadap teknik pertumbuhan kompensasi: 5. pemberian serbuk gergaji diikuti pemberian silase ikan asin daun pepaya pada periode realimentasi
Abstrak: The experiment was conducted to apply a compensatory growth technique : using 25% sawdust in 2-4 weeks of age of broiler diets followed by feeding various levels of salted fish-papaya leaf silage to replace the commercial finisher diet in fishing periode. Two hundred Day Old Chicken (DOC) Ross strain were distributed in to five treatment groups. Each treatment consisted of four replicates with ten broilers. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design. The diets used in this experiment were : comnlercial broiler starter diet and commercial broiler starter diet mixed with 25% sawdust were fed to the chicks of 0-2 weeks of age and 2-4 weeks of age respectively. The treatment diets fed to the chicks of 4-6 weeks of age were based on the usage of salted fish-papaya leaf silage in the diet : 0% (Pl), 10% (P2), 20% (P3), 30% (P4) and 40% (P5).
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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