Judul: Dampak Ritel Modern terhadap Omzet Pedagang Pasar Tradisional di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: This study analyzes the factors that influence changes in the turnover of traders in traditional markets, as well as competition, performance and characteristics of merchant traders in Bogor. The methods used in this study were a paired sample t-test and ordinal logistic regression. The results of the ordinal logistic regression showed that the factors that influence changes in a merchant turnover are education, number of buyers, diversification of products, and distance. Another factor affecting of the turnover is the main commodity sold by the traders. Traders selling fresh and processed products have the higher opportunity to increase turnover compared to other commodities traders
Keyword: t-test., competition, ordinal logistic regression, turnover, performance, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Dampak Kehadiran Pasar Ritel Modern terhadap Omzet Pedagang di Pasar Tradisional Kota Bandar Lampung
Abstrak: The aims of this study are to analyze competition and performance of the merchants in traditional market, factors affecting the turnover, and distance between modern retail market and traditional market to the turnover of traders in traditional markets in Bandar Lampung. This research used independent sample t test, chi square test, paired t test, and ordinal logistic regression method. Both of merchant performance have decreased from 2008 until 2013. Most of respondent stated that their competitors are not the existence of modern market but the other merchants in their group markets. Some factors including number of buyer, education, distance between traditional and modern market, and also fresh product significantly influence the turnover. Distance between modern market and traditional markethas reduced oppurtunties market treaders in traditional market to get higher turnover.
Keyword: turnover, paired t test, ordinal logistic regression, independent sample t test, chi square tes

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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