Judul: Relationship Among Budget Structure and Tipology of Regional problems for Optimazing Regional Development Performance.
Abstrak: The financial crisis beginning in medio 1997 that led to economic turbulence has exerted a negative impact on the economic condition. This condition made development performance became quite low and instable. The misallocation of budget also influenced regional development performance. This fenomena create idea that needs a study about relationship between budget structure and tipology of regional problems for optimizing regional development performance. The purpose of the research are (1) to identify profile of development performances; (2) to measure disparity development among regencies/municipalities in the provinces of West Java and Banten; (3) to measure the correlation among budget structure, tipology problems and development performance; (4) to find principal indicators of development performance. These research use the analytical tool such as: (1) Tabulation Analysis; (2) Location Quotient; (3) Williamson's Index; (4) Correlation and (5) Natural Logarithmic Regression. The result of this research indicates that (1) The structure of economics among regencies/municipalities have led sectors in West Java and Banten. Some regencies/municipalities led in manufacture industries, such as Bekasi (82.87 percent), Bogor (49.27 percent), Purwakarta (44.80 percent), Cilegon (61.84 percent), and Tangerang (56.28 percent). Some regencies/municipalities give large contribution in agriculture sectors such as Subang (42.89 percent), Garut (40.96 percent), Cirebon (37.47 percent), Lebak (40.35 percent), and Pandeglang (36.13 percent); (2) There are lack of development among regencies/municipalities. Williamson's Indices for West Java and Banten are 0.4158 and 0.5846. The figures indicate that disparity of development in Banten is higher than that in West Java; (3) The correlation between growth of Gross Domestic Regional Product (GDRP) and illiteracy rate shows negative coefficient (-0.8) with P-Value 0.000; (4) In the whole are relationship among performance of development, structure of budget and tipology of regional problems. The regression coefficient of allocation of education budget is 0.419. Meanwhile the regression coefficient rate of illiteracy is -0.580. This model have P-Value, Multiple R and R Square respectively 0.000, 0.913 and 0.834. All of the result of the research conclude that (1) The Improving of the matching among the budget patern and tipology regional problems will optimize regional development performance (2) The available of competence human resources will speed the regional development performance.(3) The Larger contribution of education budget will increase the regional development performance.
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Judul: Impact of fiscal decentralization policy on regional economic and fiscal performances in bengkulu province: an econometric approach
Abstrak: The centralized development process during the last period of 25 years, in fact did not lead to equally distributed development results among regions. It has becru@great consideration to implement regional autonomy in Indonesia based on Law No. 22 and 25 of 1999 after that complemented by Law No.32 of 2004 conce&llng Regional Government, and Law No.33 of 2004 concerning balanced budg~etween the central and regional government. S"The objectives of this research are : (1) to assess sources of regional incom~s, expenditure allocation, fiscal capacity, and income distribution among Distri~ and Cities in the region, (2) to analyze factors influencing regional econotjic and fiscal perfonnance, and (3) to evaluate and to forecast impacts of fiscal ~entralization policy on regional economic and fiscal perfonnances. IDbis study is using pool data (time series data of 1993-2003 and cross sectio&data of three Districts and one City). The descriptive analysis, Williamson Index,~ econometric model, and historical simulation using various policy scenari>s and forecast were used to analyze the data. The Bengkulu Province RegioIjU Economic model was developed into a simultaneous equations consis§ng of 26 structural equations, 17 identity equations, and estimated by using l wo Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method. • QThe result shows that : (1) after implementation of the fiscal decentralization policy, the main sources of regional revenue is derived from the General Allocation Fund (DAU) whereas the Regional Own Income (PAD) were very less, the fiscal capacity were low, dependency on the central government were high, and improper income distribution among Districts and Cities; (2) the economic activities (PDRBS) will increase investment, however, if the interest rate, tax, and retribution increase on the contrary, investment will decrease; (3) after :fiscal decentralization, the regional economic and fiscal perfonnances in all Districts is most affected by reallocation of routine expenditure to agricultural sector expenditure, whereas in City an expansion of the DAU and infrastructure expenODure; and (4) the reallocation of routine expenditure into development expe~e on agriculture and infrastructure until 2010 will have much greate.r imp n regional economic and :fiscal perfonnances. • o increase the fiscal capacity, regional tax and retribution, and develo)ment expenditure expansion should be implementing. Whereas to increase the ~nal economic perfonnances are efficiency of routine expenditure in order to ~cp;ase the development expenditure especially aimed for infrastructure and agncuffi,lre sectors.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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