Judul: Design and Performance Test of Dustfall Measurement Instrument
Abstrak: Dustfall is one of the ambient air quality parameters based on Government Regulation No. 41/1999 pertaining on Air Pollution Control. The conventional dustfall measurement system practiced today still needs to be improved in order to simplify the measurement technique in the field and to shorten analysis time in the laboratory. The purposes of this research were to: a) to design and develop a simple, practical, and economical dustfall measurement instrument, b) to carry out performance test of dustfall measurement instrument and to analyze the results of field measurements in several different location. Dustfall canister was developed based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material which was then connected to the filter house. Filter stabilisation chamber was developed by using acrylic and steel as casing material, and equipped with a closed-loop temperature control system based on PID (proportional-integral-derivative). The results showed that the design of dustfall canister had been able to shorten the sample analysis time in the laboratory. The new developed system allows direct insertion of dustfall filter followed by weighing step which in turn could shorten analysis time. Another result obtained was that the stabilisation chamber control system had showed a well function to set a temperature point. The performance of PID control system produced a stable temperature regime in the stabilisation chamber during the process of filter stabilisation. The test results showed that acrylic materials were relatively less safe for the filter stabilisation chamber due to lack of heat resistance, while the steel metal was more secure and subsequently selected as the final structure of the material. The results also indicated that the filter drying could be done within three hours. With this system, the overall measurement of dustfall in ambient air can be simplified. The field measurement showed that human activities and the use of fossil fuel vehicles affected the concentration of dustfall in the air. Density of vegetation also affected the concentration of dust fall in the air
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Judul: Design and Development of Portable Particulate Matter Device < 2.5 µm (PM2.5) Based on Particle Counter (DSM501A)
Abstrak: Kualitas udara telah menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di seluruh dunia., Peningkatan paparan materi partikulat halus (PM2.,5) telah secara pasti dikaitkan dengan efek kesehatan yang serius seperti penyakit pernapasan, pneumonia, dan peningkatan kematian. Mengingat dampak PM2.5, diperlukan pemantauan kualitas udara secara berkala. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan perangkat portabel berbasis low-cost sensor DSM501A, yang dapat dengan mudah digunakan dan mampu menampilkan data PM2.5 secara real-time dan kontinu melalui jaringan localhost. Tahap perancangan alat ukur PM2.5 terdiri dari proses perancangan sistem pengukuran, pabrikasi sistem elektronik dan akusisi data kemudian melakukan integrasi sistem localhost lalu melakukan uji kinerja alat. Alat tersebut telah diuji dengan beberapa perlakuan berbeda yaitu pengambilan data interval 30 detik selama tiga hari untuk pengukuran indoor dan outdoor. Pengukuran indoor menunjukan pola diurnal peningkatan konsentrasi PM2.5 di pagi hari dengan nilai maksimum 1.5 µg/m3, serta peningkatan di malam hari mencapai 2.2 µg/m3. Pengukuran outdoor menunjukan pola diurnal peningkatan konsentrasi PM2.5 terjadi di pagi hari hingga siang hari dengan nilai maksimum mencapai 7.4 µg/m3. Pengukuran dengan kondisi terisolasi tidak menunjukan adanya partikel terdeteksi, sedangkan pada pengukuran asap terisolasi, konsentrasi partikel bervariasi dari 15603 pcs/283mL hingga 101423 pcs/283mL dengan nilai rata-rata 28273 pcs/283mL. Alat ini mampu dengan baik merespon konsentrasi partikel PM2.5 dan memerlukan pengembangan lebih lanjut seperti kalibrasi sensor, memperhitungkan pengaruh aspek meteorologi seperti suhu, kelembaban udara, kecepatan angin dan stabilitas atmosfer yang dapat mempengaruhi konsentrasi PM2.5 di udara, dan juga dapat mempengaruhi respon sensor dalam melakukan pengukuran, Air quality has been a major health concern around the world, and increased levels of exposure to fine particulate matter < 2.5µm (PM2.5) have been definitively linked to serious health effects such as respiratory illness, pneumonia, and increased mortality. Due to the impact of PM2.5, the periodic air quality measurement is required. This research was aimed to develop a portable device based on low-cost particle counter DSM501A, easy to use and display the concentration of PM2.5 for real-time and continuous on the localhost network. The assembly process of PM2.5 device is divided into system design, electronic manufacturing system, and data acquisition, then integrates the localhost system and performs a performance test of the device. The device has been tested with several condition, at 30 second intervals for three days indoor and outdoor measurements. Indoor measurements show a diurnal pattern of increasing PM2.5 concentrations with the morning peak concentration of 1.5 µg/m3, and an increase in the night with peak of 2.2 µg/m3. Outdoor measurement indicated a diurnal pattern of PM2.5, with an increase in the morning until the afternoon with a maximum value of 7.4 µg/m3. The measurements with the isolated condition indicated that no particle detected during the measurement, while the smoke condition show the concentration varied from 15603 pcs/283mL to 101423 pcs/283mL with an average of 28273 pcs/283mL. This device is able to respond the concentration of PM2.5 particles and required a further development on sensor calibration, and consider the meteorological aspects such as temperature, humidity, wind speed and atmospheric stability that can affect the PM2.5 concentrations in the air, and furthermore affect the sensor responses.
Keyword: air quality, automation, low-cost sensor, portable device, real-time, air quality, automation, low-cost sensor, portable device, real-time

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii