Judul: Profil Sebaran Panas Silinder Stainless Steel Berlapis Grafena Oksida untuk Peluang Pendeteksian Spike Glycoprotein
Abstrak: Usaha awal menggunakan model termal dikembangkan untuk dapat mendeteksi keberadaan SARS-CoV-2 di lingkungan dengan memodelkan sistem yang terdiri atas ikatan antara spike glycoprotein (salah satu komponen SARSCoV-2) dan grafena oksida. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode numerik eksplisit finite difference untuk mengukur sebaran panas 1-dimensi pada sistem silinder, sebelum dan sesudah berikatan dengan spike glycoprotein. Beberapa asumsi digunakan, salah satunya spike glycoprotein disini digantikan oleh lapisan protein karena belum adanya pengukuran properti termal dari spike glycoprotein. Hasilnya adalah ditemukan perubahan distribusi temperatur sebagai manifestasi akibat digunakannya energi untuk mengikat spike glycoprotein oleh grafena oksida. Selisih energi tersebut selanjutnya dapat digunakan untuk menghitung jumlah SARS-CoV-2 yang berikatan dengan sistem silinder. Hasilnya untuk penurunan laju energi sebesar 0,011 J/s pada sistem, spike glycoprotein yang terjerap sebanyak 4,03×10^10 molekul., Early effort using thermal model is developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in our environment by modeling system that comprised of binding between spike glycoprotein (one of the component of SARS-CoV-2) and graphene oxide. The method used is the numeric explicit finite difference to see 1-dimensional heat profile distribution on the cylindrical system, before and after it binds with spike glycoprotein. A few assumption is made here, one of them is spike glycoprotein in here is substituted with protein layer since there are no thermal property measurement of spike glycoprotein yet. The result is that the change of temperature distribution is found as manifestation of the energy used to bind spike glycoprotein by graphene oxide. The deficit of energy is thus used to count the number of SARSCoV-2 that binds with cylindrical system. The result is for the decreasing rate of energy of the system of 0.011 J/s, there are 4.03×10^10 spike glycoprotein has been trapped.
Keyword: energy, graphene oxide, numeric, SARS-CoV-2, thermal

Judul: Fullerenes C20, C28, C60, C78, C84 Molecular Docking Study with Spike Glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2
Abstrak: Spike glycoprotein pada SARS-CoV-2 berperan penting dalam proses infeksi virus. Carbon based nanomaterials memiliki banyak alotrop seperti graphene, carbon dots, dan fullerene yang memiliki peran dan interaksi tertentu pada spike glycoprotein. Penelitian ini menggunakan fullerene sebagai ligan dan spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2 sebagai reseptor dan mempelajarinya dengan metode molecular docking. Hasil docking didapatkan nilai energi ikat paling negatif dari semua ligan yaitu fullerene C84 dengan nilai -15,9 kcal/mol. Jenis interaksi yang didapatkan yaitu interaksi hidrofobik. Variasi ukuran fullerene mempengaruhi interaksi dan potensi fullerene dalam menginhibisi spike glycoprotein. Berdasarkan targeted docking presentase moda pengikatan sisi aktif reseptor pada fullerene C20 dan C28 sebesar 0%, fullerene C60 sebesar 85%, fullerene C78 dan C84 sebesar 100%. Semakin besar ukuran fullerene maka semakin kuat ikatannya dan potensinya dalam memblok sisi aktif pengikatan ACE2., The spike glycoprotein in SARS-CoV-2 plays an important role in the viral infection process. Carbon based nanomaterials have many allotropes such as graphene, carbon dots, and fullerenes that have specific roles and interactions in spike glycoproteins. This research used fullerenes as ligands and spike glycoprotein SARS-CoV-2 as receptors and studied them by molecular docking method. The docking results obtained the most negative binding energy value of all ligands, namely fullerene C84 with a value of -15,9 kcal/mol. The type of interaction obtained is a hydrophobic interaction. Variations in the size of fullerenes affected the interaction and potential of fullerenes in inhibiting spike glycoproteins. Based on targeted docking, the percentage of the active site binding mode of the receptor on C20 and C28 fullerenes are 0%, C60 fullerenes are 85%, C78 and C84 fullerenes are 100%. The larger the size of the fullerene, the stronger the bond and its potential to block the active site of ACE2 binding.
Keyword: fullerene, molecular docking, SARS-CoV-2, spike glycoprotein

Judul: Impact Of water policy on poverty reduction and women roles in water management In Zimbabwe
Abstrak: Water management is a key factor in the battle to remove the scourge of extreme poverty and to build secure and prosperous lives for people in the developing world. The water sector in Zimbabwe is complicated by the large number of actors; it is interwoven within various ministries. The research used secondary data and review of literature to evaluate how the current water policy has contributed towards marginalising women and the poor. It looked at how actors can also marginalise or put other actors at risk thereby undermining their role through prioritisation of certain projects, stakeholder participation and usage policy. From a descriptive analysis it is found that women are further relegated and marginalised. The poor are further impoverished through marginalisation and vulnerability. The policy environment favours business and state interests against those of grassroots actors and women. It recommends the establishment of home grown pro- poor water management strategies.
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