Judul: Evaluasi tepung bungkil biji karet Hevea brasiliensis yang difermentasi cairan rumen domba sebagai pengganti bungkil kedelai dalam pakan ikan lele Clarias sp.
Abstrak: The study evaluates the utilization of fermented defatted rubber seed meal (FDRSM) as soybean meal replacement on growth performance of catfish Clarias sp. The effect of FDRSM on feed digestibility was observed as well. A thirty day feeding experiment was performed to observe the effect of partial replacement of defatted soybean meal as protein source by FDRSM. Five isonitrogenous and iso energy of diet were used in this experiment. Diet A all plan protein come from SBM. Diet B, C, D and E soybean meal was replaced by FDRSM at the level of 12, 23, 34, and 44% respectively. Cr2O3 were used as a tracer for measuring digestibility. Fish were fed experimental diet three times dialy at satiation level. Growth and feeding performance of fish fed with diets containing 12-23% FDRSM protein replacement was comparable to that of control. Increasing level of FDRSM to more than 23% resulted in a decreased in growth performance and feed digestibility.
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Judul: Aquaculture. Evaluated rubber seed meal Havea brasiliensis as a candidate dietary ingredient of catfish Clarias sp.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tepung biji karet sebagai kandidat sumber protein nabati utama dalam ransum ikan lele Clarias sp.. Manfaat penelitian adalah menghasilkan prototipe sumber protein nabati berbasis bahan baku lokal, khususnya untuk pakan ikan lele. Penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Juni - Agustus 2010 di Instalasi Riset Lingkungan Perikanan Budidaya dan Toksikologi, Cibalagung, BRPBAT, Badan Litbang KP dan di Laboratorium Nutrisi FPIK - IPB. Penelitian ini terbagi menjadi 2 (dua) bagian, yaitu percobaan kecernaan dan pertumbuhan. Sekitar 200 kg buah karet Hevea brasiliensis diambil dari perkebunan karet alam di Kec. Mestong, Kab. Muara Jambi, Provinsi Jambi. Setelah dikeringkan, buah karet dipecah dan diambil bijinya dan selanjutnya dikeringkan dalam oven dan dibuat tepung. Sebagian tepung biji karet (TBK) diproses (dikurangi kandungan lemak hingga 4% dan asam sianida) dan tidak diproses. Ikan lele berasal dari satu induk, diambil dari pembenih ikan di Cibereum, Kabupaten Bogor. Sebanyak 1 000 ekor benih lele berukuran 4.13 ± 0.02 g dipelihara dalam 2 buah bak sebagai proses aklimatisasi terhadap kondisi percobaan (lingkungan dan pakan) selama 14 hari. Percobaan kecernaan menggunakan pakan uji berupa TBK diolah dan tidak diolah. Pakan rujukan menggunakan pakan komersial lele (28 – 30% protein). Cr2O3 digunakan sebagai indikator dan tepung pollard sebagai perekat. Pakan uji dianalisis kandungan protein, fosforus (P), kalsium (Ca) dan Cr2O3. Pemberian pakan uji dilakukan pada hari ke 3 secara sekenyangnya (pagi, siang dan sore) pada ikan lele yang dipelihara dalam 9 buah galon (vol 19 L/wadah) dengan kepadatan 30 ekor/wadah. Pengumpulan feses dilakukan 30–60 menit setelah pemberian pakan selama 14 hari. Feses ditampung dalam botol film berlabel dan dikeringkan serta disimpan dalam suhu dingin (lemari es) untuk analisis kandungan Cr2O3 Ada 5 (lima) pakan uji pertumbuhan yang digunakan, yaitu substitusi protein nabati pakan dari TBK diolah (0, 25, 50, dan 75%) dan 40% TBK tidak diolah. Kandungan pakan lainnya adalah tepung kedelai, DDGS, pollard dan bahan lainnya. Sebelum dibuat pelet 3 mm, bahan pakan dianalisis proksimatnya mengikuti AOAC (1984). Setelah dikeringkan dalam oven (60, protein, P dan Ca. oC) selama 12 jam, pakan uji disimpan dalam kantong plastik berlabel. Kandungan protein dan energi adalah sama, masing-masing 30-32% dan 380 kkal, kecuali TBK tidak diolah (450 kkal). Setelah diaklimatisasi, ikan lele 4,13 ± 0,02 g dipuasakan 24 jam dan ditebar secara acak ke dalam 18 buah bak percobaan (50 x 40 x 40 cm) dengan kepadatan 30 ekor/wadah. Analisis proksimat, gambaran hati dan darah dilakukan sebelum pakan perlakuan diberikan. Ikan diberi pakan uji sekenyangnya (pagi, siang, sore) selama 40 hari. Konsumsi pakan harian dicatat. Ikan uji yang mati hingga hari kedua diganti sesuai dengan bobotnya dan setelah itu, ditimbang bobotnya serta diamati penyebab kematiannya. Kondisi air setiap hari dijaga kualitasnya dengan resirkulasi tertutup, dan penyiponan. Suhu air berkisar 29-30oC, pH 6-7, DO 6.5-6.9 mg/L, dan NH3-N 0.5-0.8 mg/L. Pada akhir masa pemeliharaan, ikan ditimbang per 5 (lima) ekor dari setiap wadah. Selama proses penimbangan, ikan dibius menggunakan 2-phenoxy ethanol 0.5 mg/liter. Beberapa ekor ikan dari setiap bak percobaan dikorbankan untuk analisis proksimat, gambaran darah dan hati. Parameter uji yang digunakan adalah kecernaan (total, protein, fosforus-P, kalsium-Ca), total konsumsi pakan, pertumbuhan relatif,
Keyword: Catfish, Rubber seed meal, Processed, Unprocessed, Clarias sp.

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite