Judul: Penurunan nilai albedo dan suhu permukaan dari data Terra MODIS L1B untuk klasifikasi awan
Abstrak: Clouds affect the energy balance in atmosphere through absorbtion, reflection and solar radiation process. These processes affect albedo values and the cloud surface temperature. The differences between albedo values and surface temperature can be the indicator in cloud classification and can be the separation between the cloud covered area and non-cloud covered area. Terra MODIS L1B data can be used for classifying between cloud and non-cloud using reflectant information at wavelength 0.62 μm to 0.67 μm, 0.459 μm to 0.479 μm, and 0.545 μm to 0.565 μm and the extraction of surface temperature using wavelenght 10.780 μm to 11.280 μm dan 11.770 μm to 12.270 μm. Yet, before the classification process, it is needed to look at the response of each wave lenght to the same object at the same location. Cloud‟s surface temperature can be derived from canal 31 and canal 32. The error values of both canal are 1.7 K on Januari 1st 2008, 3.3 K on March 26st 2008, 1.7 K on November 2st 2008, 5.6 K on April 6st 2008, and 12.8 K on September 24st 2008. Albedo value can be derived from band 1, band 3, band 4 since the values distribution pattern of all these canal are relatively in common. The results of the relation between reflectance bands and thermal bands show that the albedo approach method and surface temperature approach method can be used for clouds classification. The classification using albedo approach method is the based on the thickness of the clouds, while the surface temperature approach method is based on the height of clouds.
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Judul: Pendugaan Nilai Suhu Permukaan Berdasarkan Data Terra-MODIS L1B dan SRTM 90m
Abstrak: Land Surface Temperature (LST) is one of the best indicators of the energy balance at the earth's surface and a key parameter in the physics of land surface processes that combine the interaction between long wave energy flux at the surface and in the atmosphere. Several methods for determining the value of LST with remote sensing data have been widely developed one of which is the use of Terra-MODIS satellite. MODIS has a mission to monitor the phenomenon on the surface and the atmosphere so that users can find information changes that occur in near-realtime. The purpose of this study is develop methods and algorithms using satellite remote sensing Terra-MODIS data for prediction and mapping LST and determine the relationship of surface temperature derived from Terra-MODIS satellite data with surface topography and land cover. LST determination was done by using the split window algorithm by including the main factors such as emissivity and brightness temperature. The results showed that average of the highest LST that the Vidal algorithm. The relationship between LST and altitude be obtained average of the highest R2 is in June/July whereas the lowest is in September/October. Further, the relationship between LST and land cover be obtained average of the highest LST value is on open land and built land whereas average of the lowest value is forest land. Solar zenith angle is greatly affect sensor accuracy to determination LST value
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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