Judul: Pengaruh Wafer Ransum Komplit Limbah Tebu dan Penyimpanan terhadap Kualitas Sifat Fisik
Abstrak: Pucuk dan ampas tebu merupakan salah satu hasil ikutan yang dihasilkan oleh perkebunan tebu dan industri pengolahan gula, yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai salah satu sumber serat pada pakan ternak. Pucuk dan ampas tebu yang dihasilkan pada sepanjang musim penghujan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan alternatif saat musim kemarau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas sifat fisik (kadar air, berat jenis, kerapatan, dan aktivitas air) wafer pucuk dan ampas tebu dengan penyimpanan selama enam minggu. Pembuatan wafer ransum komplit diharapkan dapat memudahkan dalam penyimpanan. Wafer komplit memiliki kualitas nutrisi yang cukup lengkap dan memudahkan dalam penanganan karena bentuknya padat kompak sehingga memudahkan dalam penyimpanan dan transportasi (Trisyulianti, 1998).
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Judul: Uji Kualitas Fisik Wafer Limbah Sayuran Segar dan Silase selama Penyimpanan.
Abstrak: Limbah sayuran berpotensi untuk diolah menjadi alternatif hijauan pakan. Teknologi olahan pakan yang cukup berkembang saat ini terhadap limbah sayuran adalah silase dan wafer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji kualitas fisik wafer limbah sayuran segar dan silase selama penyimpanan 12 minggu. Parameter yang diuji berupa kadar air, daya serap air, aktivitas air, dan kerapatan serta keberadaan serangga pada wafer. Wafer limbah sayuran segar memiliki kadar air dan aktivitas air yang lebih tinggi namun memiliki daya serap air dan kerapatan yang lebih rendah daripada wafer limbah sayuran silase. Faktor bahan penyusun wafer dan faktor priode penyimpanan menunjukkan perubahan yang nyata (p<0.05) terhadap semua parameter. Interaksi antar kedua faktor menunjukkan adanya perbedaan (p<0.05) terhadap kadar air, daya serap air, dan aktivitas air namun tidak berbeda (p>0.05) pada kerapatan. Tidak ditemukan adanya serangga pada wafer limbah sayuran segar dan silase selama penyimpanan. Berdasarkan perubahan kualitas fisik wafer selama penyimpanan 12 minggu, wafer limbah sayuran silase memiliki kualitas fisik yang lebih baik daripada wafer limbah sayuran segar.
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis