Judul: Analisis Perubahan Kapasitas Simpan Air pada Sub DAS Ciesek, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Watershed degradation in some places in Indonesia most commonly were caused by high density of populations and over utilization of natural resources. The objectives of this research were to analyze the water storage capacity in Ciesek Sub Watershed and to recommend runoff management at Ciesek Sub Watershed. Land use change in Ciesek Watershed decreased water holding capacity 0.06 mm, increased rainfall 2.44 mm and runoff 2.37 mm, and also increased groundwater capacity 0.08 mm. According to this condition, the area needed land and water conservation activities, such as: (1) managing land use based on conservation method to increase infiltration and decrease runoff; (2) doing reboisation and other conservation activities to ameliorate critical watershed especially on upstream area.
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Judul: Analisis perubahan kapasitas simpan air pada Sub DAS Cikeas Kali Bekasi
Abstrak: Suatu DAS merupakan suatu sistem ekologis atau ekosistem dimana di dalamnya terjadi hubungan timbal balik antara makhluk hidup, khususnya manusia dengan segala aktivitasnya, dengan lingkungannya yang bersifat alami. Kerusakan DAS dapat ditandai dengan perubahan tata guna lahan dari daerah tangkapan hujan dengan koefisien aliran permukaan (koefisien run off) rendah (sebagian besar air hujan diserapkan ke tanah) berubah menjadi tanah terbuka dengan koefisien run off tinggi (sebagian air hujan menjadi aliran permukaan). Rendahnya daya dukung DAS dapat diamati dengan semakin mengecilnya luas areal hutan, semakin luasnya lahan untuk hunian dan prasarana dan semakin banyaknya tanah terbuka atau lahan kritis. Penerapan analisis neraca air pada Sub DAS Cikeas akan dapat menggambarkan kondisi aktual ketersediaan air serta dampak lainnya pada DAS tersebut. Hasil analisis ini dapat dijadikan dasar usulan rekomendasi yang tepat.
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum