Judul: Development of Rapid Viability and Vigor Test Methods for Corn (Zea mays L.) Seeds Using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper
Abstrak: Urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) telah digunakan untuk uji cepat viabilitas dan vigor benih kedelai berdasarkan terdeteksinya bocoran protein di dalam air rendaman benih. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji cepat viabilitas dan vigor benih jagung menggunakan USAP dengan mendeteksi bocoran glukosa, protein, dan perubahan pH pada berbagai tingkat viabilitas dan vigor. Tahap pertama penelitian ini adalah pembuatan lot benih dengan tiga bulan penyimpanan, disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu kemasan benih (plastik polypropylene, plastik polyethylene, kertas amplop coklat, dan tanpa kemasan). Tahap kedua adalah uji kebocoran glukosa, protein dan perubahan pH menggunakan USAP. Percobaan menggunakan RAL satu faktor, 12 kombinasi perlakuan yaitu kondisi benih (utuh, dibelah dua, dan dihaluskan) dengan lama perendaman (0, 6, 9, dan 12 jam). Hasil tahap pertama dan tahap kedua dianalisis menggunakan analisis regresi linier sederhana dan uji korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara keduanya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan USAP mampu mendeteksi bocoran glukosa pada perlakuan benih dibelah dua dan dihaluskan pada semua lama perendaman, namun tidak dapat membedakan tingkat viabilitas dan vigor benih. Indikator bocoran protein dan perubahan pH tidak terdeteksi sehingga tidak dapat membedakan tingkat viabilitas dan vigor benih., Urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) has been used to test the viability and vigor of soybean seeds based on detection of protein leakage in the seed’s soaking water. The research aimed to develop a rapid viability and vigor test method for corn seeds using USAP by detecting leaks of glucose, protein and changes in pH at various levels of viability and vigor. The first stage of this research was making seed lots with three months of storage, arranged using a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor, namely seed packaging (polypropylene plastic, polyethylene plastic, brown envelope paper, and without packaging). The second stage was testing for glucose and protein leakage and changes in pH using USAP. The experiment used a CRD with one factor, consisted of 12 treatment combinations, namely seed conditions (intact, halved, and crushed) with different soaking durations (0, 6, 9, and 12 hours). The results of the first and second stages were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis and correlation tests to determine the relationship between them. The results showed that USAP could detect glucose leakage in the halved and crushed seed treatments at all soaking durations but could not differentiate between seed viability and vigor levels. The indicators of protein leakage and pH changes were not detected thus could not distinguish seed viability and vigor levels.
Keyword: glucose, protein, seed lot, seed storage, soaking time

Judul: Development of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) Seed Viability Test Method using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP)
Abstrak: Kedelai (Glycine max (L.)) merupakan salah satu komoditas utama selain padi dan jagung di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penyediaan benih kedelai bermutu adalah daya simpan benih kedelai yang pendek. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji vigor benih menggunakan urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) pada berbagai tingkat vigor benih kedelai yang diperoleh dari metode pengusangan cepat. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan empat ulangan yang terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama adalah metode pengusangan cepat bersuhu 40 C dan RH 95%. Percobaan kedua adalah mengembangkan metode urine sugar analysis paper terhadap lot benih yang diperoleh dari pengusangan cepat dengan menentukan lama perendaman benih yang efisien dengan taraf 1, 3, dan 5 jam. Percobaan dilakukan terhadap dua varietas secara terpisah yaitu varietas Anjasmoro dan Gepak kuning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengusangan cepat dapat menurunkan vigor dan viabilitas benih kedelai. Pada varietas Anjasmoro, lama perendaman 5 jam merupakan metode efektif untuk pengujian kebocoran glukosa dan protein yang berkorelasi kuat dengan tolok ukur daya kerkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, dan nilai daya hantar listrik. Pada varietas Gepak kuning, lama perendaman 1 jam merupakan metode efektif untuk pengujian kebocoran glukosa dan protein yang berkorelasi kuat dengan tolok ukur daya berkecambah dan nilai daya hantar listrik., Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) is one of the main commodities besides paddy and corn in Indonesia. The problem faced in providing good quality of soybean seeds is the short shelf life of soybean seeds. This research aims to develop a seed vigor test method using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP) at various levels of soybean seed vigor, that was obtained from the Accelerated Aging Method. The experimental design that used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) one factor with four replications consisting of two trials. The first experiment was the accelerated aging using the Accelerated Aging Method (AAM) at a temperature of 40 °C. The second experiment was to develop an Urine Sugar Analysis Paper method on seed lots that was obtained from accelerated aging by determining the efficient soaking time of seeds at levels of 1, 3, and 5 hours. Experiments were carried out on two varieties separately, namely Anjasmoro and Gepak kuning varieties. The results showed that accelerated aging could reduce the vigor and viability of soybean seeds. For the Anjasmoro variety, 5 hours of soaking time is an effective method for testing glucose and protein leakage which is strongly correlated with germination, growth seed, and electrical conductivity. For the Gepak kuning variety, 1 hour of soaking time is an effective method for testing glucose and protein leakage which is strongly correlated with germination and electrical conductivity.
Keyword: accelerated aging, vigor, correlation, glucose, protein, pH

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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