Judul: Histopathologial Changes of Chickens Lung (Gallus domesticus) 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Forensik veteriner mempelajari penyebab kematian dan menentukan jarak waktu kematian hewan (post mortem interval/PMI). Penelitin forensik veteriner ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari histopatologi paru-paru ayam broiler 48 jam setelah kematian (post mortem). Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur tujuh hari dieutanasia dengan metode pemutusan sendi atlanto occipitale, selanjutnya dibagi menjadi 25 kelompok yang tiap kelompok terdiri atas 3 ekor ayam. Setiap dua jam kadaver ayam dinekropsi, organ paru-paru dikoleksi untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologi dan diwarnai Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE). Histopatologi jaringan paru-paru dianalisis menggunakan software ImageJ dan datanya diuji dengan metode Pearsons. Hasil pengamatan mikroskopis paru-paru pada jam ke-0 hingga jam ke-48 menunjukkan diameter parabronkus yang bertambah lebar, semakin banyak ruang kosong, epitel lumen parabronkus mengalami deskuamasi dan autolisis, dan lumen parabronkus dipenuhi oleh luruhan sel dan cairan. Korelasi diameter parabronkus terhadap waktu setelah kematian sangat lemah sehingga tidak dapat dijadikan acuan PMI. Perubahan jarak interparabronkus, kepadatan sel parabronkus dan pertumbuhan koloni bakteri terhadap waktu kematian dapat dijadikan acuan PMI. Deskuamasi sel epitel parabronkus dimulai pada jam ke-16 dan bakteri mulai tumbuh pada jam ke-22 setelah kematian., Veterinary forensics studies the causes of animal death and determines the time interval of death (post mortem interval/PMI). This veterinary forensic research aims to study the histopathology of broiler chicken lungs 48 hours after death (post mortem). A total of 75 broiler chickens aged seven days were euthanized by the atlanto occipital joint severing method, then divided into 25 groups, each group consisting of 3 chickens. Every two hours the chicken cadaver was necropsied, the lungs were collected for histopathological preparation and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Histopathology of lung tissue was analyzed using ImageJ software and the results were tested using the Pearsons method. The results of microscopic observations of the lungs at 0 to 48 hours showed that the diameter of the parabronchi was getting wider, there was more space, the epithelium of the parabronchial lumen experienced desquamation and autolysis, and the parabronchial lumen was filled with cell debris and fluid. The correlation of parabronchial diameter with time after death is so weak that it cannot be used as a PMI reference. Changes in interparabronchial distance, parabronchial cell density, and the presence of bacterial clony concerning to time of death can be used as a reference for PMI. Desquamation of parabronchial epithelial cells began at the 16th hour and bacteria began to grow at the 22nd hour.
Keyword: chicken, forensics, histopathology, lungs, post mortem interval

Judul: Microscopic Changes in the Ventricular Organ of Broiler Chickens (Gallus domesticus) Up to 48 Hours after Death
Abstrak: Penentuan waktu kematian pada ayam broiler dapat dilihat dari proses pembusukan yang terjadi pada jasad. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mikroskopis organ ventrikulus ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) sampai 48 jam setelah kematian. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai waktu interval post mortem dan sebagai sumber acuan untuk pengembangan ilmu forensik hewan dibidang perunggasan. Salah satu metode untuk menentukan waktu interval post mortem adalah melalui pengamatan mikroskopis terhadap perubahan post mortem yang terjadi pada organ ventrikulus ayam broiler. Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur 7 hari yang dieuthanasia dengan cara dislokasi persendian leher pada waktu yang bersamaan, kemudiaan diamati 3 ekor ayam per dua jam sampai 48 jam setelah kematian. Analisis perubahan kerapatan tunika mukosa, warna tunika submukosa, dan tunika muskularis organ ventrikulus menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ untuk mengubah warna menjadi data kuantitatif dengan satuan pixel, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis Pearson untuk melihat korelasi hubungan antara interval waktu post mortem dengan perubahan mikroskopis post mortem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan mikroskopis yang terjadi pada organ ventrikulus ayam broiler sampai 48 jam setelah kematian meliputi perubahan kerapatan tunika mukosa yang semakin merenggang serta mengalami deskuamasi dari lapisan koilin, warna tunika submukosa pucat pada akhir pengamatan, dan warna tunika muskularis semakin pucat serta terdapat celah-celah pada bagian tunika muskularis pada akhir pengamatan., Determination of the time of death in broiler chickens can be observed from the decay process that occurs in the body. This study aims to determine the microscopic changes of the ventricular organ of broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) up to 48 hours after death. The results of this study are expected to provide information about after-death time intervals and as a reference sources for the development of animal forensic science in the poultry field. One method to determine after-death time intervals is through microscopic observation of the changes that occurring in the ventricular organ of broiler chickens after death. A total of 75 broilers aged seven days were euthanized through neck joint dislocation at the same time, then observed three chickens per two hours up to 48 hours after death. Analysis of changes in the density of the tunica mucosa, the colour of the tunica submucosa, and the muscularis of the ventricular organs using the ImageJ application to convert the colour into quantitative data in pixel. Data Analysed was using Pearson analysis test to see the correlation between after death time interval and after death microscopic changes. The results showed that the microscopic changes in ventricular organ of broiler chickens up to 48 hours after death included changes in the density of the tunica mucosa that was loosened also desquamation of stratum koilin, the colour of the tunica submucosa was pale at the end of the observation, and the colour of the tunica muscularis was getting paler and there were gaps in the muscularis at the end of the observation.
Keyword: broiler chickens, decomposition, veterinary forensic pathology, ventriculus

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4