Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Jumlah Lapisan dan Dimensi Kemasan terhadap sifat Dinamis Buah Tomat (Lycopersicum esculentum mill)
Abstrak: Buah-buahan dan sajwan termasuk komoditi yang mudah sekali rusak. Kerusakan mekanis pada buah dan sayuran dapat terjadi pada saat penganglxtan. Kerusakan nlg~anis selama penganglatan disebabkan oleh getaran karena tunlpukan dalam kemasan. Penelitian mengenai sifat dinamis buah dalam kernasan berguna uniuk mnerangi kerusakan ntekanis pada buah. Hasil pengamatan yang dilakxkan pada peneiitian ini dapat digunakart untuk ~ttempsiajari pengaruh junllah lapisan tuntpukan buah tomat da?am i&adap slfat dinamisnya serta mentpefajan pengaruh dlmensr kemasan terhadap srfar dinantis buah tomat.
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Judul: Analysis of the Use of Packaging Fillers in Transportation to Reduce Mechanical and Preserve the Quality of Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Abstrak: Selama kegiatan transportasi, tomat cenderung mengalami kerusakan mekanis akibat adanya ruang kosong dalam kemasan. Ruang kosong menyebabkan gesekan dan tumbukan antara sesama tomat dan dengan dinding kemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan bahan pengisi kemasan transportasi terhadap kerusakan mekanis dan mutu tomat melalui uji simulasi transportasi, serta menentukan dan menyusun saran bahan pengisi kemasan transportasi terbaik untuk tomat. Penelitian menggunakan kemasan peti plastik buah tipe persegi panjang berdimensi 46 cm x 36,5 cm x 14,5 cm. Terdapat empat perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dengan bahan pengisi dan satu perlakuan untuk tanpa bahan pengisi atau kontrol. Ketiga perlakuan adalah: bahan pengisi kertas koran, daun pisang kering, dan jerami padi kering dimana ketiga bahan tersebut dibentuk cacahan panjang. Semua perlakuan dilakukan simulasi transportasi dengan frekuensi 3,8 Hz, amplitudo 4 cm selama 90 menit, dimana simulasi setara dengan perjalanan transportasi sejauh 106,91 km. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa diantara ketiga bahan pengisi kemasan yang digunakan, kertas koran memiliki nilai kerusakan mekanis terkecil sebesar 29,47% dilanjutkan dengan daun pisang sebesar 34,73% dan terbesar oleh jerami padi sebesar 40%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan pengisi kertas koran merupakan bahan pengisi terbaik untuk digunakan pada transportasi tomat dalam kemasan peti plastik., During transportation activities, tomatoes were prone to mechanical damage due to empty spaces within the packaging. The empty spaces caused friction and collisions between tomatoes themselves and with the walls of the packaging. This study aimed to analyze the influence of using transportation packaging fillers on mechanical damage and quality of tomatoes through transportation simulation tests. It also aimed to determine and recommend the best transportation packaging filler material for tomatoes. The study utilized rectangular plastic fruit crates with dimensions of 46 cm x 36,5 cm x 14,5 cm. There were four treatments used in this study, consisting of three treatments with fillers and one treatment without fillers or control. The three treatments were: newspaper fillers, dried banana leaves, and dried rice straw, all of which were formed into long shreds. All treatments underwent transportation simulation at a frequency of 3,8 Hz, with an amplitude of 4 cm for 90 minutes, equivalent to a transportation distance of 106,91 km. The results of the study showed that among the three packaging filler materials used, newspaper fillers had the lowest mechanical damage value at 29,47%, followed by banana leaves at 34,73%, and the highest by rice straw at 40%. It could be concluded that newspaper fillers were the best filler material to be used in transporting tomatoes in plastic crates.
Keyword: amplitudo, bahan pengisi kemasan, frekuensi, kerusakan mekanis, pengemasan, amplitude, frequency, mechanical damage, packaging fillers

Judul: Studi sistematika  Oreophryne Boettger, 1895Sulawesi (Anura: Microhylidae)
Abstrak: The cross frogs, genus Oreophryne Boettger, 1895 are most diverse in the mainland of New Guinea and adjacent islands, to the Wallacea region in the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and the Lesser Sunda Islands, even marginally to the Oriental region in Bali and to the southern Philippine Islands. In Sulawesi, this taxon consists of three species but has rarely been reported since their original descriptions and remained unstudied in both taxonomical work and molecular study. This research aims to evaluate the taxonomic status of the cross frogs in Sulawesi based on morphology and estimate the phylogenetic using the 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed under Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses. We used the specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne which were stored at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). A total of about 19 morphological characters were measured by a digital caliper and ocular micrometer to the nearest 0.01 mm. The phylogenetic tree shows that the three nominal species of Oreophryne from Sulawesi are clearly clustered. Correspondingly, the phylogenetic analysis supports the recognition of a new taxon, Oreophryne sp. However, the phylogenetic relationships between Oreophryne within Wallacea remain unresolved. Consequently, further systematic analysis along with additional sequences from the type locality is necessary to clarify the interspecific relationship among this region. We examined the morphology of 50 voucher specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne. The validity of O. celebensis, O. variabilis, and O. zimmeri was confirmed in this study, but still the latter remains to be established. The three nominal species examined here were not collected from the type locality, so additional specimens, either in the type locality, new locations, or in other areas on this island are needed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these species deeply. Moreover, the unnamed species from the highland of the Mekongga mountains differ morphologically and genetically from all previously described Sulawesian Oreophryne. This distinct species will increase the number of cross frogs in Sulawesi to four species, all of which are endemic.
Keyword: frog, morphology, Oreophryne, phylogenetic, Sulawesi, systematics