Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Kopi Indonesia ke Pasar Internasional
Abstrak: Agriculture is a sector that plays a vital role in economic activity in Indonesia. The contribution of agriculture to Gross Domestic Product was around 12.72 percent in 2019, which is the third-largest proportion after the Manufacturing Industry and Wholesale and Retail Trade at 19.70 percent and Car and Bicycle Repair Motor by 13.01 percent (BPS, 2020). As one of the largest coffee exporters in the world, Indonesia has significant destination countries in exporting coffee beans. The ten countries that are the main markets for Indonesian coffee beans are the United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, Malaysia, England, Egypt, Belgium, Algeria, and India. From year to year, Indonesian coffee exports continue to fluctuate. This becomes a question, what factors affect Indonesian coffee exports to the international market. This study aims to identify the factors that influence changes in the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to major importing countries (the United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, Malaysia, England, Egypt, Belgium, Algeria, and India). The data used in this study is panel data from 2000 to 2019. The method used in this study is Panel Data Regression with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach to determine whether the independent variables in this study have a significant effect on coffee exports and how the relationship between the dependent and independent variables partially. Based on the data processing carried out, it was found that Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exchange rate, and retail prices of importing countries significantly influence in a negative relationship the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to export destination countries. The Great depression in 2008 has a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable. Meanwhile, other variables, namely the volume of production, and variable of government intervention in 2012, did not significantly affect the volume of Indonesian coffee exports.
Keyword: coffee, export volume, international market

Judul: Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Olahan Kopi Indonesia di Pasar ASEAN
Abstrak: Sebagai salah satu negara penghasil kopi terbesar, Indonesia masih lebih banyak mengekspor kopi dalam bentuk biji mentah dibandingkan produk olahannya. Hal ini mendorong Kementrian Industrian untuk mengembangkan nilai tambah serta daya saing dengan pengembangan sektor industri kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis daya saing komparatif olahan kopi Indonesia di pasar ASEAN; (2) menganalisis daya saing kompetitif olahan kopi Indonesia di pasar ASEAN; (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor olahan kopi Indonesia di pasar ASEAN. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis RSCA menunjukkan olahan kopi Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di tiga pasar ASEAN, yaitu Filipina, Malaysia, dan Singapura untuk HS 210111, dan Filipina, Malaysia, Thailand untuk HS 210112. Hasil analisis EPD menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki posisi pasar Rising Star di Filipina untuk olahan kopi dengan kode HS 210112. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor ekstrak, esens, konsentrat kopi Indonesia (HS 210111) secara signifikan adalah harga ekspor. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor olahan dari ekstrak, esens, konsentrat kopi Indonesia (HS 210112) secara signifikan adalah harga ekspor dan Logistic Performance Index (LPI) negara tujuan., As one of the largest coffee producing countries, Indonesia still exports more coffee in the form of raw beans than processed products. This encourages the Ministry of Industry to develop added value and competitiveness by developing the coffee industry sector. This research aims to: (1) analyze the comparative competitiveness of processed Indonesian coffee in ASEAN market; (2) analyze the competitive competitiveness of processed Indonesian coffee in ASEAN market; (3) analyze the factors that influence the volume of exports of processed Indonesian coffee in ASEAN market. The analysis methods used are Revealed Symmetric Comparative Advantage (RSCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and panel data regression. The results of the RSCA analysis show that Indonesian processed coffee has a comparative advantage in three ASEAN countries, namely the Philippines, Malaysia and Singapore for HS 210111, and the Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand for HS 210112. The results of the EPD analysis show that Indonesia has a Rising Star market position in the Philippines for processed coffee with the HS code 210112. Factors that significantly influence the export volume of Indonesian coffee extracts, essences and concentrates (HS 210111) are export prices. Factors that significantly influence the volume of processed exports of Indonesian coffee extracts, essences and concentrates (HS 210112) are the export price and the Logistic Performance Index (LPI) of the destination country.
Keyword: arabica, coffee extract, instant coffee, international trade, robusta

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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