Judul: Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor teh indonesia : Suatu pendekatan error correction model
Abstrak: Perkembangan perekonomian di Indonesia hingga saat ini masih ditunjang oleh sektor pertanian terutama sektor perkebunan. Keadaan ini merupakan sesuatu yang wajar mengingat keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif perekonomian Indonesia lebih banyak terdapat pada kegiatan produksi yang berbasis sumberdaya alam dibandingkan dengan kegiatan produksi yang berbasis teknologi maupun modal. Teh merupakan salah satu komoditi hasil perkebunan yang mempunyai peran yang cukup penting dalam kegiatan perekonomian di Indonesia. Teh merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman rempah-rempah yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan kondisi lingkungan, sumberdaya serta kondisi geografis Indonesia yang merupakan negara yang memiliki iklim tropis yang cocok serta sesuai dengan tempat tumbuhnya tanaman teh, terutama daerah-daerah yang terletak didataran tinggi.
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Judul: Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor komoditi teh Indonesia, serta daya saing komoditi teh di Pasar Internasional
Abstrak: ong no Pada saat ini perdagangan bebas sudah mulai di lakukan, hal ini menjadikan perdagangan menjadi terbuka bagi semua negara, hal ini tentu saja menjadikan persaingan untuk produk atau komoditi tersebut menjadi semakin tajam. Dengan kangla tersebut maka masing-masing negara berusaha untuk meningkatkan keunggulan dari masing-masing potensi yang dimilikinya. Di Indonesia, sektor perkebunan merupakan salah satu sektor pertanian yang dangcap mampu bersaing di pasar International, terutama untuk komoditi teh. Lorena Indonesia merupakan salah satu produsen teh di dunia yang paling besar schale China dan India. Tetapi untuk menguasai pangsa pasar di dunia, Indonesia hanmenguasai kurang lebih 17 persen pada tahun 1992 dan itu pun terus menurun hasekarang Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Melihat gambaran perkembangan komoditas tehdan ekspor di Indonesia; (2) Menganalisis Faktor-Faktor yang mempengaruhi Ekspor teh Indonesia dan melihat seberapa besar pengaruhnya; (3) Mengetahui potensi daya saing komoditi teh di pasar International; (4) Memberikan masukan bagi produsen teh dalam negeri untuk meningkatkan produksi dan ekspornya...
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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