Judul: Pengukuran Jantung Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) dengan Radiografi Toraks
Abstrak: This research was conducted to evaluate radiographs heart size of anaesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under different combination of ketamine and xylazine. The rabbits were divided into three groups. Group A were anaesthetized using a 35 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=5). Group B were anaesthetized using a 40 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3) while group C were anaesthetized using 45 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3). Parameter of observation from left laterolateral view were: 1) the apicobasilar length of the heart (AB), 2) the width of the heart (CD), 3) the distance between the cranial edge of the fifth rib and the caudal edge of the seventh rib perpendicular to the spine (R5-7), and 4) the vertical depth of the toraks (H). Parameter of observation from dorsoventral view were: 1) the length of the heart (L), 2) the width of the heart (W), and 3) the width of the thorax (T). The result from the heart parameters observation that were measured in left laterolateral view and dorsoventral view shows theres no significantly differ among the groups (P > 0.05). The vertebrae heart size (VHS) values obtained from the sum of the length of the long and the short axes on left laterolateral view. The long axes mean values (A) were 4.35±0.26 v and the short axes mean values (B) were 3.59±0.30 v, therefore VHS mean values were 7.94±0.49 v. On the dorsoventral view, the length of the heart mean values (L) were 4.32±0.29 cm, the width of the heart mean values (W) were 3.33±0.26 cm, and the width of the thorax mean values (T) were 5.85±0.30 cm. In normal conditions, the width of the heart should be less than two-thirds the width of the thorax and values obtained of 3.33<3.72 it shows that the heart is in the normal range. The best ratio to calculated the normal heart dimension in the left laterolateral view was compared the long axes with the vertical depth of the thorax, whereas in dorsoventral view, the length of the heart was compared with the width of the heart.
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Judul: Evaluasi Radiografi Jantung Babi (Sus scrofa domestica) dengan Metode Cardiothoracic Ratio, Intercostal Space, dan Vertebral Heart Size
Abstrak: Nilai ukuran jantung babi yang diukur melalui radiografi belum banyak tereksplorasi dengan berbagai metode. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi radiografi jantung babi (Sus scrofa domestica) dengan menggunakan tiga metode interpretasi. Babi yang digunakan sebanyak 10 ekor, berumur 4-6 bulan dengan berat badan 50-65 kg. Metode interpretasi pertama adalah cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) yang dilakukan dengan membandingkan rasio jantung dan rasio toraks. Rataan nilai CTR babi didapatkan sebesar 0,61 ± 0,04 dengan nilai CBr (cardiac breadth) dan TBr (thoracic breadth) sebesar 13,09 ± 1,19 cm dan 21,34 ± 0,99 cm. Metode kedua adalah intercostal space (ICS) yang dilakukan dengan mengukur siluet jantung terhadap jarak intercostal hewan. Nilai ICS babi didapatkan sebesar 3,74 ± 0,53. Metode terakhir adalah vertebrae heart size (VHS) yang dilakukan dengan mengukur long axis (LA) dan short axis (SA), kemudian dibandingkan dengan os vertebrae mulai dari os vertebrae ke-4. Nilai VHS didapatkan sebesar 9,14 ± 0,56 v dengan nilai LA dan SA sebesar 5,00 ± 0,25 v dan 4,14 ± 0,41 v. Dengan demikian, metode CTR, ICS, dan VHS dapat digunakan untuk mengukur ukuran jantung., Pigs heart value measured by thorax radiograph through various methods has not explored much yet. This study conducted to evaluate the heart radiographs of pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) using three interpretation methods. Three methods used to measure the heart size of 10 pigs aged 4-6 months and body weighed 50-65 kg. The first interpretation method is the cardiothoracic ratio (CTR) measured by comparing the ratio of the heart with the ratio of the thorax. The average CTR value of pigs was 0.61± 0.04 with CBr (cardiac breadth) and TBr (thoracic breadth) values of 13.09 ± 1.19 cm and 21.34 ± 0.99 cm. The second method is intercostal space (ICS) which is done by measuring the silhouette of the heart against the intercostal distance of the animal. The ICS value for pigs was 3.74 ± 0.53. The last method is vertebrae heart size (VHS) which is done by measuring the long axis (LA) and short axis (SA) and then compared with the vertebral bones starting from the forth vertebrae. The VHS value is 9.14 ± 0.56 v with LA and SA values of 5.00 ± 0.25 v and 4.14 ± 0.41 v. Therefore, CTR, ICS, and VHS method can be used to measure heart size.
Keyword: babi, cardiothoracic ratio, intercostal space, vertebral heart size, pigs

Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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