Judul: Pengaruh Pelarut pada Rendemen Sintesis Zink bis(dibutil ditiofosfat)
Abstrak: Aditif pelumas yang digunakan di Indonesia masih diimpor. Salah satu aditif pelumas multifungsi adalah zink dialkilditiofosfat (ZDTP) yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan, antiaus, antikorosi, dan penghambat lecet. Sintesis ZDTP telah banyak dilakukan dan beberapa metode telah dikembangkan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini relatif mudah dan sederhana, dengan pereaksi yang relatif mudah diperoleh. Digunakan beragam pelarut organik dalam sintesis tersebut, yaitu n-heptana, dietil eter, dan kloroform. Rendemen Zink bis(dibutil ditiofosfat) pada ketiga pelarut tidak berbeda nyata, untuk pelarut n-heptana, dietil eter dan kloroform berturut-turut 97%, 92%, dan 98% dengan waktu reaksi masing-masing 12 jam di kedua tahap. Pencirian gugus fungsi Zink bis(dibutil ditiofosfat) dengan spektrofotometer inframerah transformasi Fourier menunjukkan pita serapan yang hampir sama untuk ketiga pelarut. Hasil analisis kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi menunjukkan bahwa waktu retensi Zink bis(dibutil ditiofosfat) hasil sintesis dengan pelarut n-heptana, dietil eter, dan kloroform mirip dengan waktu retensi ZDTP autentik komersial.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Diethyl ether, Chloroform, N-heptane, ZDTP, Zink bis(dibutyl dithiophosphate)

Judul: Pengaruh Jenis Alkohol pada Rendemen Sintesis Zink Dialkilditiofosfat
Abstrak: Zinc dialkyldithiophosphate (ZDTP) is an organometallic compound used as an additive in lubrication system. ZDTP was composed of Zn atoms with two dialkyldithiophosphoric acid. The usefulness of ZDTP depends on alkyl content, as for antiwear, antioxidant, anticorrosive, and restrain extreme pressure. ZDTP can be synthesized through two step. Firstly, dialkyldithiophosphoric acid (ADTP) was made from diphosphorus pentasulphide (P2S5) with alcohol. Second, ADTP was reacted with zinc oxide (ZnO), producing ZDTP. The suitability of the ZDTP has been varied by using fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The yield of ZDTP 1-4 were 13.88%, 43.50%, 97.29%, and 77.35%, respectively. The result of FTIR characterization in ZDTP showed P-O-C group absorption at 1000􀵆980 cm-1, PS bond absorption at 650􀵆550 cm-1, and Zn-S bond absorption at 400􀵆300 cm-1 . AAS was used to determine the content of Zn in ZDTP 1-4 with the value of 16.16%, 28.82%, 11.81%, and 17.36%, respectively. Verification of compliance indicators ZDTP were measured by comparing the retention time and HPLC chromatograms. It showed that the measured ZDTP had similar retention time with and authentic commercial ZDTP on the same absorption band despite, low concentrations.
Keyword: 

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship