Judul: Formulating a Collaborative Strategy to Develop Innovation in the Palm Oil Industry
Abstrak: Indonesia is the biggest producer of palm oil in the world with 31.5 million tons in 2014 and had export value almost 21 million USD. On the other hand, the economic value of Indonesian palm oil is lower than Malaysia. It happened because innovation in the palm oil Industry is less developed. However, the development of innovation in palm oil industry is not only increasing the economic value but also creating new jobs for Indonesian. But, many problems happen in the developing process, one of them is the lack of collaboration among stakeholders. Therefore, the aim of the study is formulating a strategy to develop innovation in the palm oil industry and a collaboration strategy among stakeholders to accelerate the development process. The research is using a case study strategy, with an inductive approach and interpretive philosophy. Data collection is using interviews with an expert from Industry, a researcher from University, and a researcher from research institution, a government officer from Ministry of Industry and an executive director of Indonesian Palm Oil Association. The data is analyzed by a triangulation method. The result showed that the availability of the market becomes the main factor for an enterprise to develop innovation. Moreover, before conducting research, the industry categorizes their problems into four sections urgent-direct, urgent-indirect, less urgent-direct, and less urgent-indirect. Based on that, they can prepare a short-term and a long-term strategy. The strategy to develop innovation is different between upstream and downstream industry, because the development of innovation in downstream industry is more complex rather than the upstream industry. Furthermore, the government can help the industry to accelerate the development process by providing more incentive both for industry and research institution. For the industry, the incentive is in form of tax reduction and for research institutions and university is in term of more budget to buy equipment, laboratory instrument and machinery.
Keyword: Palm oil, innovation, downstream industry, market, collaboration

Judul: Strategi Pengembangan Produk Hilir Kelapa Sawit
Abstrak: This research aimed to study the competitiveness of downstream products of palm oil in Indonesia. The study is focused on two main products i.e. crude palm oil (HS code 151110) and refined palm oil (HS 151190). Export data of palm oil Indonesia and Malaysia to four main exporting countries namely: China, Pakistan, India, and Netherland were used to estimate competitiveness using CMSA method. The recommended strategy was built from IE matrix, SWOT analysis and AHP. The result of CMSA show that Indonesian palm oil was competitive in export growth, while Malaysia was more competitive in distribution, composition, and competitiveness. Based on IE matrix it was found 2.56 of IFE and 3.20 of EFE those values shows that palm oil of Indonesia was in “grow and build” stage. SWOT analysis result shows that developing strategy for downstream industry of palm oil in Indonesia are i) developing specialization in oleochemical industry, ii) developing industry cluster, iii) monitoring the implementation of ISPO, and iv) developing specialization in biofuel industry. AHP vertical analysis result show that the most recomended strategy is developing specialization in oleochemical industry.
Keyword: Palm oil., Downstream product, Competitiveness, AHP

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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