Judul: Mempelajari pengaruh dosis pupuk urea terhadap perkembangan penutupan rumput Cynodon dactylon Var. Tifdwarf dengan image processing
Abstrak: Rumput-rumputan (suku Graminae) termasuk tanaman berkarakteristik gulma yang tumbuh pada waktu, tempat dan kondisi yang tidak diinginkan. Tanaman rumput ini pun dikategorikan sebagai tanaman yang merugikan manusia. Apabila dikaji secara objektif tanaman rumput dapat memberikan beberapa keuntungan. Seperti elemen penutup tanah, penutup permukaan tanah lapangan olahraga dan tanaman konservasi. Rumput lanskape yang sering digunakan umumnya adalah jenis rumput dataran rendah. Salah satunya adalah rumput Bermuda varietas tifdwarf karena mempunyai segi keindahan (estetika). Dalam proses pertumbuhan tanaman rumput perlu adanya pemeliharaan agar memiliki sifat-sifat dan kondisi yang sesuai dengan pertumbuhan rumput tersebut. pemeliharaan yang dilakukan adalah pemupukan, pengairan dan pemberantasan gulma. Pemupukan merupakan usaha pemberian nutrisi yang esensial untuk mendorong pertumbuhan rumput, meningkatkan produksi atau memperbaiki kualitasnya. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan urea sebagai pupuk untuk mempelajari pengaruhnya terhadap kecepatan penutupan (coverage) rumput tifdwarf. Perlakuan pemupukan dengan mempariasikan dosis pemupukan yaitu 5g urea/m², 10g urea/m² dan 15g urea/m². Penelitian mengenai kecepatan pertumbuhan penutupan rumput yang dilakukan selama ini yaitu dengan cara pengamatan visual dengan berbagai rancangan percobaan. Seiring perkembangan teknologi di bidang teknik image processing dalam bidang pertanian memungkinkan semakin berkembangnya pendayagunaan alat-alat untuk melihat perkembangan dalam industri pengolahan hasil pertanian dan industri pertanian. ...
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Judul: Pengaruh Frekuensi Irigasi Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Kualitas Visual Rumput Bermuda Lokal (Cynodon dactylon L)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mempelajari pengaruh frekuensi irigasi terhadap beberapa aksesi rumput Bermuda lokal (Cynodon dactylon L.) yang dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca University Farm IPB, Unit Lapangan Cikabayan, Darmaga, Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei 2009 sampai Oktober 2009. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama ialah frekuensi irigasi yang terdiri atas 5 taraf yaitu frekuensi irigasi tiap 1 hari, 2 hari, 3 hari, 4 hari, dan 5 hari. Faktor kedua ialah aksesi rumput Bermuda lokal yang terdiri atas 3 aksesi yaitu aksesi Cianjur 3, Cianjur 4, dan Tifdwarf. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tiga ulangan, sehingga terdapat 45 satuan percobaan. Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase penutupan, panjang akar, bobot kering tajuk, bobot kering akar, rasio bobot kering tajuk dan akar, kerapatan, skor warna, bobot pangkasan, panjang daun, dan lebar daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa frekuensi irigasi berpengaruh terhadap persentase penutupan tajuk, panjang akar, skor warna, kepadatan dan bobot hasil pangkasan. Aksesi serta interaksi antara frekuensi irigasi dan aksesi berpengaruh nyata meningkatkan persentase penutupan tajuk. Berdasarkan peubah yang diamati frekuensi irigasi yang menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan kualitas terbaik adalah tiap 3 hari. Rumput bermuda lokal Cianjur 3 dan Cianjur 4 memiliki kualitas dan pertumbuhan yang tidak berbeda dengan rumput introduksi Tifdwarf.
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Judul: Seroprevalence of Chikungunya and The Risk of Transmission Transmitted Among Blood Donors In Sulawesi-Indonesia
Abstrak: Chikungunya (CHIK) is an arthritogenic alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of arboviruses with an enveloped RNA containing a positive single-stranded 11.8 kb genome. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which are commonly found in tropical and temperate regions. Primary vertebrate hosts include monkeys and humans, in whom this virus replicates efficiently (Diallo et al. 1999). Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known for causing acute illness, manifesting with fever, rash, and arthralgia known as Chikungunya fever (Horwood dan Buchy 2015). Despite the high number of Chikungunya cases in Indonesia, comprehensive data are lacking in CHIKV seroprevalence. Previous studies reported the median seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV antibodies in all situations 18.5%, ranging from 0.0 – 73.% (Harapan et al., 2019). However, the gap in epidemiological data of CHIKV in many regions of Indonesia including Sulawesi, is noteworthy. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection among healthy individuals from North and South Sulawesi using archive samples. Additionally, an asymptomatic course of CHIKV infection and the high pre-symptomatic viral load as 108pfu/mL (Appassakij et al. 2013) suggest that the infection can threaten blood transfusion safety. Evidence of CHIKV infection among blood donors (Simmons et al. 2016) indicates transfusion-transmitted is probable, although it has not been documented (Petersen dan Epstein 2014). Our study also aimed to test the archive blood donor specimens from North Sulawesi for CHIKV IgM and viremia to determine blood safety in endemic areas. Samples were screened for anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies to determine exposure to CHIKV using an in-house IgG ELISA as previously described (Kosasih et al. 2013) with minor modifications. CHIKV IgM, a marker for recent infection and endemicity, was tested in 303 samples randomly selected from IgG-positive samples using a Euroimmun anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA kit (Luebeck, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. CHIKV RNA detection was carried out using one-step-qRT-PCR. The data generated were analyzed with IBM-SPSS v20 (IBM Corporation, USA). Chi-square (χ2) test to determine significant differences between categorical variables, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As many as 1092 serum and plasma samples were analyzed, with CHIK IgG seropositivity at 53.48% (584/1092). The results also show a statistically significant difference in the seropositive rates based on gender (58.8% male and 48.5% female) and region (53.9% South Sulawesi versus 48.7% North Sulawesi). Seropositivity increased with age; approximately half of adults between their 40s and 60s had seroconverted. Most of the participants, 304 (27.8%), were between 21-30 years. The age groups with the least participants were those >60 years and <20 years, with 93 participants each (8.5%), followed by the 51–60-years age group with 142 (13.0%) participants. In addition to IgG, the overall anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity comprised 12.9% (39/303). A Chi-square analysis shows a statistical significance of anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity based on gender and region with p-values (p=0.047 and p=0.038, respectively). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in anti-CHIK IgM based on age. The age group with the most participants was the 21-30 years with 19.3% (16/83), while those with the least participants were those >60 years. The current study
Keyword: Chikungunya, Serosurvey, Sulawesi, Blood donors, ELISA, qRT-PCR.