Judul: Identifikasi Batas Lapang Tana „Ulen Lalut Birai dan Inventarisasi Aturan Pengelolaannya di Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang
Abstrak: Kayan Mentarang National Park has an area 1.3 million Ha (Wulffraat et al. 2005). The park is the largest conservation area in Kalimantan. The area situated in eleven regions of traditional community. The society has a strong interaction with the region, that rose concept of Tana „Ulen. Tana „Ulen have a function as a mechanism of resources management. The society said the Tana „Ulen is located within the River Enggeng. Mapping and identification boundary of actual Tana „Ulen is urgently needed. Inventory regarding management have been carried out by the region managers such as BPTU and BTNKM. The activities aims to collect kinds management of Tana „Ulen Lalut Birai. The information is expected to help the managers of the region such as BTNKM, BPTU and others. This research was held in October to December 2011 in Kayan Mentarang National Park. Boundary of Tana „Ulen Lalut Birai was done based on discussion and ground checking methods. Boundary line of Tana „Ulen was done with connecting the coordinates and discussion with the community. Rules of management was collected by discussions, interviews and another references documents in the community and BTNKM. The information was analyzed using conservation area management rules that apply at this time. Boundary of Tana „Ulen Lalut Birai was a mountains, hills, mountain ridge, ridge, valley and gorge. Tana „Ulen area located on the River Enggeng and part of the Sub Watershed Kayan River. The area was located within three zoning of Kayan Mentarang National Park, namely; special zone (zona khusus), forest utilization zone (zona pemanfaatan) and the jungle zone (zona rimba). The area cover of about 11.037 Ha and it‟s perimeter was about 56 km. The society decided to limit the area using the last spring that flows into the River Enggeng. The rules of management Tana „Ulen in the society such as document custom rules, village rules and the rules that have not been written. Management of applied by Kayan Mentarang National Park was contained in the Work Plan Budget Ministry Institutions 2012. The management conducted by BPTU and BTNKM has supported conservation areas, but needs to be adjusted again between the management system and zoning of the area.
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Judul: Etnobotani Pangan Masyarakat Suku Dayak Kenyah di Sekitar Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang Kalimantan Timur
Abstrak: Dayak Ethnic of Kayan Mentarang Nasional Park (KMNP) consists of several Dayak sub ethnics, one of them is Dayak Kenyah. It has unique characteristic in the use of plants, particularly food plants, which needed to be documented. This research was aimed to identify the diversity of food plants and local wisdom of Dayak Kenyah tribe in food plants use. This research was conducted in Long Alango Village, Subdistrict of Bahau Hulu, National Park Section Management (NPSM) Region II Kayan Mentarang Nasional Park, Malinau, East Borneo on March - April 2011. Research methods used consist of literature study, field survey, interview using questionaire, herbarium sample making and identification, and data analysis. The research had identified 139 spesies of food plants that used by Dayak Kenyah tribe of KMNP, which consisted of 32 species of wild food plants (origin from forest), 46 species of wild food plants that had been cultivated, and 61 species of cultivated food plants. All those species could be processed into carbohydrate source, vegetables, complementary food, and beverages. Among all the foods source that consumed by Dayak Kenyah ethnic, there are several species of rice plant like pa’dai bere, pa’dai ba’an, pa’dai putik, and pa’dai adan. The largest habitat types of food plants was garden and forest (33%), then followed by forest/wild habitat (23%), the bund of irrigated rice field (16%), garden (15%), unirrigated agricultural field and jekkau (6%), yard (6%), and irrigated rice field (1%). Local wisdom of Dayak Kenyah tribe were the use of food plants when hunting, cultivation of food plants from forest in garden, cultivation system, etc. Conclusion of this research shows that Dayak Kenyah tribe of KMNP used various plants for various needs of foods, and Dayak Kenyah ethnic has local wisdom in the use of food plants.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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