Judul: Dampak liberalisasi perdagangan terhadap kinerja ekonomi Indonesia suatu pendekatan makroekonometrika
Abstrak: Perkembangan ekonomi dunia dewasa ini telah mengarah pada tatanan hubungan ekonomi secara global, dan Indonesia telah ikut serta dalam sistem tersebut setelah menanda tangani Kesepakatan Umum Tarif dan Perdagangan Multilateral GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) melalui WTO yang akan mulai diimplementasi pada tahun 2005. Disamping itu Indonesia ikut pula dalam kesepakatan APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) dan AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area). Walaupun saat ini Indonesia sedang dilanda krisis ekonomi namun perubahan lingkungan global yang mengarah pada diberlakukannya liberalisasi perdagangan merupakan tantangan eksternal yang makin serius dan pasti. Bagaimana dampak liberalisasi perdagangan khususnya terhadap negara berkembang masih terus diperdebatkan bahkan menimbulkan pendapat aliran optimistik maupun pesimistik. Studi-studi empirik yang telah dilakukan secara umum mendukung konsep bahwa perdagangan bebas akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara agregat, namun diakui pula bahwa manfaat yang diterima setiap negara tidaklah sama, ada yang lebih diuntungkan atau sebaliknya. Bagi Indonesia sendiri semenjak krisis minyak diawal tahun 1980 sebenarnya telah melakukan reformasi di sektor perdagangan melalui strategi ekspansi ekspor khususnya ekspor non-migas. Salah satu kebijakan yang diambil adalah menurunkan proteksi perdagangan, dan ternyata langkah ini berhasil meningkatkan kinerja perdagangan Indonesia. Namun selain lingkungan internal tentunya kita perlu mencermati perkembangan yang terjadi pada lingkungan eksternal. Apakah liberalisasi perdagangan yang ditandai dengan pengurangan bahkan penghapusan proteksi tersebut dapat memberikan manfaat bagi ekonomi Indonesia secara menyeluruh dan khususnya dapat meningkatkan kinerja perdagangan internasional Indonesia dimasa yang akan datang. ..dst
Keyword: perdagangan internasional; AFTA; WTO APEC

Judul: Dampak Liberalisasi Perdagangan dan Peningkatan Permintaan Pariwisata terhadap Kinerja Ekonomi Makro dan Sektoral di Indonesia
Abstrak: The liberalization will offer renewed and enhanced opportunities to increase productivity and raise incomes. There are several bilateral and regional agreements on trade liberalization, such as the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) FTA. The end-goal of economic integration is establishing the ASEAN Economic Community as outlined in ASEAN Vision 2015. Consequently, there is a free flow of goods, services and investment, a free flow of capital as well as equitable economic development, and reduced poverty and socio-economic disparities in the ASEAN region. This study is examined the economy-wide impact of trade liberalization for the Indonesian economy by using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The impact of liberalization is examined via tariff reductions, combination tariff reduction and tourism growth. Tourism is a growing and important industry in both developed and developing countries. It is also an important source of earning foreign exchange and provides employment opportunities for domestic labor. Generally, tourist consumption in the receiving country is predominantly of non-traded goods and services. Tourism is increasingly becoming a significant part on global trade. It is one of the top five export categories, and accounted for almost 83 percent of countries in the world. According to the Indonesia Tourism Satellite Accounts 2009, total economic transaction created by tourism activity in 2009 reached Rp504,69 trillion or 4,80 percent of total output. This study has shown that liberalization combined with tourism growth can, in fact, reduce the domestic price level and increase the amount of foreign trade and availability of products in the domestic economy, thereby stimulating further production. The result of this study is improved the Indonesia’s macroeconomic performance and welfare, as domestic absorption, and household consumption increase. Tourists are also better off for they can consume more, given their spending level, and also benefit from the greater availability of products. The trade balance deficits are of concern, indicating the need for appropriate accompanying policies, such as the tourism promotion and investment in infrastructure, underpinned by the growing service sector.
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Judul: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Posphate
Abstrak: Biphasio calsium phosphate (BCP), which was a mixture of hydroxypatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by sintering process. Hydroxyapatite was produced by using natural calcium source CaO from hen's eggshell and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate souce, other hydroxyapatite sample was produce by using synthetic calcium source Ca(OH) and H3PO4 as phosphate source.
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