Judul: Ektomikoriza pada Shorea spp. di Kawasan Hutan Haurbentes Jasinga Bogor
Abstrak: Shorea spp. are member of Dipterocarpaceae family. They are tropical rainforest plant which have high economic value due to high quality of their timber and non-timber products. Ectomycorrhizal fungi had been used as biofertilizer for Shorea spp. This research aimed to study the ectomycorrhizal root morphotypes, isolation and identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Shorea spp. Sixty ectomycorrhyzal root tip samples were taken from Shorea saminis (plot 1), Shorea palembanica (plot 2), and Shorea stenoptera (plot 3). The results showed that all plants associated with ectomycorrhiza, with percentage of roots colonization around 60%. The highest abundance of associated root was found at plot 2, followed by plot 3, and the lowest was found at plot 1. Data of root morphotype analysis indicated that there were 5 major of root tip morphotypes. There were brown irregular pinnate, black irregular pinnate, silver irregular pinnate, brown monopodial pinnate, and black monopodial pinnate. Brown irregular pinnate was the dominant root tips morphotypes with the frequency was 60.9%. A total of 15 different isolates were isolated from 3 ectomycorrhizal root tips morphotypes, e.g. brown irregular pinnate, black irregular pinnate, and brown monopodial pinnate. All of the isolates were mycelia sterilia. Some of the fungi had special mycelial characteristics by producing hyphal anastomosis and produce intensive branching mycelium.
Keyword: mycelia sterilia, Shorea., intensive branching mycelium, ectomycorrhyzal root tip morphotype, Anastomosis

Judul: Struktur Komunitas Cendawan Saprob Berspora Asal Serasah Meranti (Shorea spp.) di Hutan Penelitian Dramaga, Bogor
Abstrak: Indonesian tropical rain forests are dominated by the Dipterocarpaceae. One of the most valuable Dipterocarpaceae is Shorea. Indonesia is a centre of endemic of Dipterocarpaceae and this tree is now being cultivated. In natural forests, Shorea spp. has an important role in maintaining the balance of the ecosystem because they produce abundant lignocellulosic rich substrates as a source of nutrients for the survival of microorganisms including saprobic fungi. Fungi have been known as the major wood and leaf decomposer organisms and they play an important role in the nutrient cycle in Shorea spp. plantation because they degrade lignocellulosic materials into a more simple compound. A few study on the community structure of litter degrading fungi on Shorea spp. has been done, but none from Indonesia. With highly diversity of Shorea spp. in Indonesia, survey on the fungal diversity on Shorea spp. litter is necessary in order to enrich the information regarding fungal community inhabiting Shorea spp. litter. Therefore, this study has two main objectives, as follows: (1) unreaveling the community structure of sporulating fungi on leaf and branch litter of Shorea that includes diversity, species richness and evenness of fungi; (2) to know the most abundant and dominant species of fungi in Shorea spp. litter. Leaf and branch litter samples were collected in 50 m x 50 m area at Dramaga Research Forest. Samples were placed in a zip lock plastic bag, sealed and labeled. Samples were then brought to the laboratory and moistened by placing wet tissue into these plastic bags. Samples were examined under microscopes to find fruiting bodies, and the microscopic features of the fungi were observed and noted. The fungi were mainly identified morphologically and those that can be isolated were identified further using molecular approach on the bases of the sequence of their ITS region. Of 260 samples, about 54.7% leaf litters and 45.3% branch litters were infested by the fungi and detected either in the form of spores or fruiting bodies. About 29 fungal species composed of 7 ascomycetes (24.1%) and 22 anamorphs that comprised of 12 coelomycetes (41.4%) and 10 hyphomycetes (34.5%) were identified. The ascomycetes are Annulohypoxylon purpureonitens, Diatrype chlorosarca, Didymosphaeria epidermidis, Lophiostoma sp., Lophodermium sp., Pemphidium sp., Valsa sp., The coelomycetes are Coniella musaiaensis, Coryneum betulinum, Hendersoniopsis thelebola, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Lasmeniella guaranitica, Leptodothiorella sp., Massariothea themedae, Pestalotia guepinii, Pestalotiopsis sp., Pseudolachnea hispidula, Septoriella sp., Coelomycete sp 1., and the hyphomycetes are Beltraniella portoricensis, Cryptophialoidea fasciculata, Hermatomyces sphaericus, Kiliophora ubiensis, Minimidochium setosum, Monodisma fragilis, Nodulisporium sp., Stilbella fimetaria, Virgatospora echinofibrosa and Hyphomycete sp. 1. Of those species, 5 species can be isolated that were Annulohypoxylon purpureonitens, Beltraniella portoricensis, Cryptophialoidea fasciculata, Kiliophora ubiensis and Hyphomycete sp 1. Beltraniella portoricensis and Pemphidium sp. were the most frequent species found on leaf litter, while those of branch litter were Cryptophialoidea fasciculata and Lasiodiplodia theobromae. The fungal community was subtrate specific. The community on decaying branch litter was more diverse than those on leaf litter. C/N ratio of the substrate were closely related to the fungal community structure.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pengembangan perangkat lunak perancangan sistem transmisi sabuk-puli dan rantai-sproket
Abstrak: Perancangan teknik (engineering design) adalah sebuah proses sistematis untuk mendapatkan solusi terhadap kebutuhan manusia. Perancangan (design) merupakan esensi dari engineering. Tantangan dalam perancangan saat ini adalah kebutuhan untuk pengembangan produk secara cepat, tepat, dan presisi untuk menghasilkan produk yang dapat diterima oleh pasar. Sistem perancangan konvensional yang berdasarkan pengalaman dan intuisi tidak berhasil dalam mengikuti perkembangan aktifitas manusia. Untuk itu perlu adanya sebuah perangkat lunak pendukung yang dapat mempermudah proses perancangan. Perangkat Lunak Perancangan Sistem Transmisi yang selanjutnya disingkat dengan PSt merupakan perangkat lunak yang bertujuan untuk mempercepat proses perencanaan komponen sistem transmisi yang umum digunakan dalam berbagai mesin terutama mesin pertanian. Komponen yang dapat direncanakan melalui PSt adalah poros, pasak, puli, sabuk, sproket, dan rantai Proses perencanaan dan perhitungan pada sistem secara umum menggunakan metode yang dilakukan oleh Sularso dan K. Suga (1978), dengan beberapa perubahan proses untuk memudahkan user dalam melakukan perencanaan. Proses yang dirubah terutama pada proses yang pada awalnya dilakukan oleh user kemudian dirubah dilakukan oleh sistem. Alur proses perencanaan yang dilakukan pada sistem terdiri dari tiga tahapan. Tahap pertama adalah input data, kedua adalah pemilihan komponen melalui grafik, dan tahap ketiga adalah tahap output yang mana output dari hasil perencanaan disimpan pada file text dan file CAD. Pengembangan perangkat lunak PSt menggunakan bahasa pemprograman Visual Basic Net, sementara untuk database digunakan Microsoft Acces dan software CAD yang digunakan adalah Autodesk AutoCad 2010. Bahasa pemprograman menggunakan konsep Object Oriented Programming dan terdiri dari lima class yaitu class form, perhitungan, cad, input, dan koneksi. Class perhitungan memiliki tiga class turunan yaitu class poros, puli, dan sprocket. Class Cad juga memiliki tiga class turunan yaitu class cadporos, cadpuli, cadrantai. Kelebihan dari sistem yaitu bisa membantu mempercepat dan mempermudah proses perhitungan dan menggambarkannya pada CAD software. Selain itu perangkat lunak juga membantu perancangan dalam proses yang biasanya dilakukan secara manual. Kekurangan dari sistem adalah belum adanya modul artificial intelegent, sehingga tidak semua proses berjalan secara otomatis seluruhnya. Selain itu kebutuhan memori yang cukup besar terutama ketika koneksi dengan software CAD menjadi sebuah kekurangan. Untuk tahap pengembangan selanjutnya disarankan pengembangan menambahkan komponen sistem transmisi lainnya seperti gear dan kopling. Penambahan modul artificial intelegent pada sistem akan semakin meningkatkan kinerja dari system….
Keyword: Engineering design, transmision system, CAD, Automatic