Judul: Analisis Hubungan Tutupan Tajuk, Curah Hujan, Dan Sifat Tanah Dengan Aliran Permukaan Dan Erosi
Abstrak: Degradasi lahan yang terjadi di Indonesia umumnya disebabkan oleh erosi air hujan. Erosi oleh pengaruh curah hujan yang dapat menghilangkan lapisan permukaan tanah yang subur, dapat diatasi dengan pengelolaan tanah, antara lain pengaturan tajuk tanaman. Selain curah hujan, faktor lain yang mempengaruhi aliran permukaan dan erosi adalah sifat tanah, antara lain kadar bahan organik tanah, bobot isi, dan tekstur. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan tutupan tajuk, curah hujan, dan sifat tanah dengan aliran permukaan dan erosi. Aliran permukaan dan erosi memiliki hubungan yang lebih erat dengan curah hujan dibandingkan dengan tutupan tajuk. Semakin besar curah hujan, maka semakin besar pula aliran permukaan dan erosi yang terjadi. Hubungan antara tutupan tajuk dengan aliran permukaan dan erosi yang rendah karena penelitian dilakukan pada curah hujan yang berbeda, sehingga terdapat variasi hujan yang besar. Kadar bahan organik tanah yang tinggi, tekstur tanah klei, dan bobot isi tanah yang sedang menyebabkan rendahnya aliran permukaan dan erosi. Aliran permukaan dan erosi yang rendah ini mengakibatkan sifat-sifat fisik tanah tidak menurun kualitasnya sehingga laju infiltrasi tanah setelah terjadi aliran permukaan dan erosi masih berada pada kelas cepat.
Keyword: aliran permukaan, curah hujan, erosi, sifat tanah, tutupan tajuk

Judul: Hubungan Sifat Fisik Tanah terhadap Aliran Permukaan dan Erosi pada Lahan Berteras Gulud
Abstrak: Erosi merupakan penyebab utama terjadinya kerusakan lahan di Indonesia. Berbagai cara dapat dilakukan untuk mencegah terjadinya erosi diantaranya adalah dengan membuat teras gulud. Pencegahan erosi diharapkan dapat mempertahankan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah sehingga tanah yang mengalami tingkat erosi rendah mempunyai sifat fisik dan kimia yang lebih baik. Memperbaiki sifat fisik tanah diharapkan dapat mempertahankan kapasitas tanah agar mampu untuk mengendalikan laju aliran permukaan dan menurunkan tingkat erosi. Perlakuan teras gulud sangat berpengaruh dalam menurunkan aliran permukaan dan erosi. Tidak ada hubungan antara kondisi sifat fisik terhadap besarnya aliran permukaan dan erosi. Tanah yang memiliki sifat fisik lebih baik dibandingkan dengan tanah lainnya tidak menjadi jaminan dapat mengurangi laju aliran permukaan dan erosi yang besar dalam suatu kondisi lahan.
Keyword: Aliran permukaan, teknik konservasi, erosi, sifat fisik

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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