Judul: Proof of the Control Optimum Existence with Cesari Property
Abstrak: Masalah kontrol optimum banyak ditemui dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Tetapi, tidak semua masalah kontrol optimum mempunyai penyelesaian. Karena itu, perlu untuk menentukan kriteria. eksistensi kontrol optimum bagi suatu masalah kontrol optimum supaya mempunyai penyelesaian. Ada dua cara untuk memeriksa eksistensi kontrol yang optimum, yaitu dengan menggunakan Sifat Cesari dan Prinsip Maksimum Pontryagin. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas teorema eksistensi kontrol optimum dengan menggunakan Sifat Cesari. Sifat Cesari pada masalah kontrol optimum berkaitan dengan konsep semikontinu atas, tertutup, terbatas dan konveks. Pembuktian teorema eksistensi kontrol optimum untuk suatu masalah kontrol optimum diawali pada ruang Banach, kemudian dikonstruksi teorema eksistensi kontrol optimum pada ruang Real. Bukti teorema eksistensi kontrol optimum pada ruang Real merupakan hal khusus dari ruang Banach. Akhirnya, penggunaan teorema eksistensi kontrol optimum tersebut dibuat untuk masalah kon- trol optimum yang berkaitan dengan bidang ekonomi, khususnya masalah konsumsi dan investasi yang dimodelkan oleh Ramsey (1972).
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Judul: Pemaksimuman Utilitas Keuntungan Bank dengan Kontrol Optimum Stokastik
Abstrak: Generally, a bank uses Basel II rules to determine how much the bank capital should be available. The capital is managed by bank as loan, provision, depository consumption, and other bank’s accomplishments. However, each allocation value may not yet maximize the value expectation of consumption utilities in specific time period and the value axpectation of profit utilities in terminal time. By using stochastic optimal conrols, the value expectation of total utilities will be maximized with three control variables, i.e. bank’s investment in loan, provision, and depository consumption. The rate of profit as constraint is in the form of stochastic differential equation, so this process is called stochastic optimal control process, with the objective function is the value expectation of the discounted total utilities in specific time period. This stochastic optimal control problem is solved by Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman (HJB) equations
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum