Judul: Profil leukosit pada ayam broiler yang diberi ekstrak tanaman obat
Abstrak: The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of extract administration of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.), temu ireng (Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb.), sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees.), and meniran (Phyllanthus niruri Linn) on leukocytes profile in broiler. Twenty five day old chick’s were used in this experiment. The animal were divided into five groups, there were combination of (F1) temulawak, temu ireng, sambiloto, and meniran extracts; (F2) temulawak, temu ireng and meniran extracts; (F3) temulawak and temu ireng extracts; (F4) sambiloto and meniran extracts; and (F5) untreated as control. The extracts were gave for 28 days through the oral route. The chickens were taken randomly 3 heads of each groups on the last day of treatment for blood sampling. Blood samples were taken from brachialis veins to determine the leukocyte profiles. Results of this study showed that percentage of lymphocytes increased in the group F2, F3, and F4, with a marked increased in the group F4. The percentage of monocytes increased in all treatment groups compared to the control group. The precentage of heterophils and eosinophils increased in the F1 group compared to the control group, while percentage of basophils increased in the F2 group compared to the control group. In conclusion, extracts of temulawak and temu ireng administration were the best combination to increase immune system.
Keyword: broiler chicken, leukocyte, medicinal plants.

Judul: Pengaruh Formula Ekstrak 4 Tanaman Obat Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologi Limpa Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: This research was aimed to elaborate the effects of four medicinal plants extract formulas (Temulawak/Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., Temu Ireng/Curcuma aureginosa Roxb., Meniran/Phyllanthus niruri Linn., and Sambiloto/Andographis paniculata Ness.) on histopathological lesions of chicken’s spleen by examine the general lesions and measuring cell density on white pulp. Twenty five of day old chicks were divided into five groups with various treatments. The treatments were: (1) F1: Temulawak, Temu Ireng, Meniran, and Sambiloto; (2) F2: Temulawak, Temu Ireng, and Meniran; (3) F3: Temulawak and Temu Ireng; (4) F4 Meniran and Sambiloto; and (5) control. The chickens were treated for 28 days. All birds were necropsied then the spleen was processed for histopathological slides using Hematoxylin Eosin staining. Cell density on white pulp areas was examined by computer software MacBiophotonic ImageJ®. The result showed there were formation of secondary follicles on all groups. White pulp cells increased significanly in F2 and F3 compared to the control and other treated groups (p< 0.05). We concluded that 4 medicinal plants were not make pathological effect to chicken spleen. Curcuminoids, flavonoids, and phylanthines of medicinal plants in F2 and F3 may induced lymphoid cells proliferation in white pulp.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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