Judul: Memory Learning and Neurogenesis in Mice Hippocampus Using Big Ginger Oil (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Abstrak: Memori spasial erat kaitannya dengan pembelajaran navigasi pada otak yang dipengaruhi oleh neurogenesis. Neurogenesis merupakan proses pembentukan sel saraf yang dapat dipacu salah satunya dengan pemberian antioksidan. Senyawa antioksidan pada jahe gajah salah satunya yaitu gingerol yang memiliki kemampuan memulihkan fungsi otak. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh minyak jahe gajah (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) terhadap kinerja memori dan neurogenesis pada hipokampus. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 6 ekor mencit yang terbagi ke dalam dua kelompok. Kelompok P100 diberikan minyak jahe gajah 100mg/kg BB dan kontrol diberikan dengan 0,5% Tween 80 selama 30 hari. Uji y-maze alteration dan uji novel object recognition dilakukan untuk mengukur kinerja memori pembelajaran spasial. Mencit dibedah dan diambil otaknya kemudian diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) untuk mengamati Neural Progenitor Cell (NPC), Granulle Cell (GC), dan sel apoptosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian minyak jahe gajah pada densitas NPC dan granul tidak mengalami peningkatan yang signifikan. Sementara, pada sel apoptosis terjadi penurunan yang tidak signifikan. Pemberian minyak jahe gajah tidak secara signifikan meningkatkan kinerja memori spasial., Spatial memory is closely related to navigational learning in the brain which is influenced by neurogenesis. Neurogenesis is the process of forming nerve cells that can be stimulated, one of which is the provision of antioxidants. One of the antioxidant compounds in big ginger is gingerol which has the ability to restore brain function. This study aims to examine the effect of big ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) oil on memory performance and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The study was conducted on 6 mice which were divided into two groups. The P100 group was given 100 mg/kg BB big ginger oil and the control group was given 0.5% Tween 80 for 30 days. Y-maze alteration test and novel object recognition test were conducted to measure the performance of spatial learning memory. The mice were dissected and their brains were taken and then stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) to observe Neural Progenitor Cell (NPC), Granulle Cell (GC), and apoptotic cells. The results showed that the administration of big ginger oil on the density of NPC and granules did not increase significantly. Meanwhile, in apoptotic cells there was an insignificant decrease. Giving big ginger oil did not significantly improve spatial memory performance
Keyword: Apoptotic Cell, Granulle Cell, Neural Progenitor Cell (NPC), Novel Object Recognition Test, Y-Maze Alteration Test

Judul: Efek Zat Aktif (S)-(-)-Limonene terhadap Kinerja Memori Spasial dan Neurogenesis dalam Hipokampus
Abstrak: Hipokampus merupakan wilayah otak yang paling aktif mengalami neurogenesis saat dewasa. Neurogenesis berdampak secara langsung pada kinerja memori. Neurogenesis dapat dipengaruhi oleh pemberian senyawa aktif. (S)-(-)- Limonene bisa ditemukan pada minyak esensial kulit jeruk dan sudah sangat umum digunakan dalam produk pangan dan aromaterapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efek (S)-(-)-Limonene terhadap kinerja memori spasial dan neurogenesis pada dentate gyrus dalam hipokampus. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 kelompok mencit (Mus musculus) jantan galur DDY, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok yang diberi (S)-(-)-Limonene dengan dosis 0.025 mg/KgBB selama 30 hari dengan sonde lambung. Setelah pemberian perlakuan memori spasial dianalisis menggunakan Y maze Alteration Test. Analisis neurogenesis di dentate gyrus (DG) hipokampus dilakukan dengan mengamati preparat histologi otak yang diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-eosin (HE). Hasilpengamatan menunjukkan pemberian senyawa aktif (S)-(-)-Limonene tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap memori spasial. Namun densitas sel di DG terpengaruh signifikan, In maturity, the hippocampus is the most active brain area undergoing neurogenesis. Memory performance is directly affected by neurogenesis. The administration of active substances can have an effect on neurogenesis. Orange peel essential oil contains (S)-(-)-Limonene, which is widely used in food and aromatherapy. The purpose of this study was to look at the influence of (S)-(-)- Limonene on spatial memory performance and neurogenesis in the hippocampus's dentate gyrus. The male mice (Mus musculus) DDY strain were divided into two groups for this study: the control group and the group that received (S)-(-)- Limonene at a dosage of 0.025 mg/KgBW for 30 days through a stomach probe. Following therapy, spatial memory was assessed using the Y-maze Alteration Test. An examination of hippocampal neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was performed by observing brain histology preparations stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The results showed that the administration of the active compound (S)-(-)-Limonene had no significant impact on spatial memory. However, the cell density in DG is significantly impacted.
Keyword: (S)-(-)-Limonene, dentate gyrus, neurogenesis, spatial memory, Y-arm maze

Judul: Sifat-sifat Statistika Penduga Turunan Pertama dan Turunan Kedua Fungsi Intensitas Proses Poisson Periodik
Abstrak: This manuscript is concerned with estimation of the first and second derivatives of intensity function of a periodic Poisson process. It is considered the worst condition if there is only available one realization of periodic Poisson process observed in interval [0, n ]. It is assumed that the period of this process is known. The main problem discussed in this manuscript is the formulation of asymptotic approximations to the bias and variance of the estimators for the first and second derivatives of the intensity of the process considered. In addition, computer simulations were carried out to study the behaviour of these asymptotic approximations for finite sample size.
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