Judul: Biohydrogen Production by Fermentation of Photosynthetic Bacteria Rhodobium marinum and Sanur Isolate.
Abstrak: Bioenergy is renewable energy and prospective to be developed. It is not only can reduce our dependence of fueloil, but also can increase safety of national stock energy. Biohydroen is a type of bioenergy which used as fuel cell, industry necessity, and nuclear. This research have focus on production of hydrogen gas by photofermentation of Rhodobium marinum and bacteria consortium of Sanur isolate using glucose 1% as a substrate. This photofermentation was done with R. marinum and Sanur isolate were centrifuged (6000 rpm, 20 minutes). Then each pellet was resuspented in 75 ml production medium which containing glucose 1% on 100 ml serum bottles and be seted on bioreactor (120 rpm, 30ºC , TL light 60 watts). The result shown that R. marinum ability to used glucose 1% to produce 127.311 ml hydrogen gas of 205.25 gas completly that produced (62%) with production rate is 3.81 mmolH2h-1L-1medium. Bacteria consortium of Sanur isolate also can produce 103.61 ml hydrogen gas of 165.25 ml gas completly that produced (63%) with production rate is 2.8 mmolH2h-1L-1medium.
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Judul: Studi Pemanfaatan Limbah Cair Industri Makanan Lokal untuk Produksi Hidrogen dengan Menggunakan Bakteri Fotosintetik Rhodobium marinum
Abstrak: New, clean and renewable energy systems are required to encounter environmental problems caused by the use of fossil energy sources. Hydrogen is energy carrier that fulfills requirement of clean and environmental friendly energy because hydrogen does not produce greenhouse gases in its combustion. Photosynthetic bacteria are one among other bacteria that can produce hydrogen through photo fermentation process. Liquid waste can be utilized as substrate to produce hydrogen by photosynthetic bacteria. In this study, liquid wastes from local food industries are utilized as organic sources for hydrogen production process because of economical and environmental reasons. Photosynthetic bacteria, Rhodobium marinum, were used as the agent for hydrogen production. Milk, soya sauce and tofu liquid wastes were chosen as organic sources. These liquid wastes were treated by centrifugation, neutralization and sterilization. The wastes also have been characterized and it contains sugar, organic acid and protein. Milk liquid waste directly can produce hydrogen about 141±24 ml after been treated, meanwhile soya sauce liquid waste did not produce hydrogen and had to be diluted. Tofu liquid waste also did not produce hydrogen and could not be continued for optimization because of its small content of nutrients. Milk and soya sauce liquid wastes were examined with dilution (1-80 g/l), addition of iron (0-500 μmol/l for milk liquid waste and 0-160 μmol/l for soya sauce), molybdenum (0-12 μmol/l for milk liquid waste and 0-160 μmol/l for soya sauce) and sodium bicarbonate (0-6 g/l) for optimization purposes. The dilution of milk liquid waste that gives 7.58 g/l total sugar concentration had the highest efficiency with 3.22% mol hydrogen/mol hydrogen theoretical and 10.9 g/l for soya sauce with 6.88% mol hydrogen/mol hydrogen theoretical. From these experiments, the addition of iron, molybdenum and sodium bicarbonate does not affect hydrogen production from milk and soya sauce liquid wastes. For kinetics parameters, milk and soya sauce liquid waste which were treated by pretreatment and without addition of iron, molybdenum, sodium bicarbonate, yeast extract and trace element in SL-6 solution were used as hydrogen production medium with 900 ml working volume. From the experiments, the maximum specific growth for R. marinum in milk liquid waste was obtained to be 0.137 hours-1; Yx/s value was 0.45 g biomass/g substrate, Yp/s value was 0.017 g hydrogen/g substrate and Yp/x value was 0.031 g hydrogen/g biomass. The maximum specific growth for R. marinum in soya sauce liquid waste was obtained to be 0.245 hours-1; Yx/s value was 0.475 g biomass/g substrate, Yp/s value was 0.041 g hydrogen/g substrate and Yp/x value was 0.086 g hydrogen/g biomass.
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Judul: Kupu-kupu papilionids (Insecta: Lepidoptera) di Sulawei Selatan: diversitas dan morfologi sayap
Abstrak: Kupu-kupu papilionids merupakan kupu-kupu yang memiliki ukuran sayap yang lebar, warna cerah dan terdapat “ekor” di bagian ujung sayap metathotaks. Beberapa spesies kupu-kupu memiliki distribusi yang luas di Indonesia, tetapi terdapat beberapa kupu-kupu endemik di Pulau Sulawesi. Saat ini, jumlah spesies kupu-kupu papilionids makin menurun yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah spesies dan individu kupu-kupu papilionids, pola warna sayap, dan struktur warna sayap kupu-kupu. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Januari-April 2015. Sampling dilakukan dalam tiga wilayah, yaitu Cagar Alam Leang-leang, Cagar Alam Pattunuang dan Taman Wisata Bantimurung selama tiga bulan. Daerah sampling meliputi hutan sekunder, area persawahan dan taman wisata. Pengamatan dilakukan pada pagi hari (08.00-12.00 WITA) dan siang hingga sore hari (pukul 13.00-16.00 WITA). Pengamatan tersebut meliputi jumlah spesies dan individu kupu-kupu, tumbuhan berbunga, dan faktor lingkungan. Dalam penelitian ini diperoleh 21 spesies dari 1,077 individu kupu-kupu papilionid. Jumlah spesies dan individu kupu-kupu terbanyak ditemukan di Taman Wisata Bantimurung (18 sp., 459 ind), diikuti oleh Cagar Alam Leangleang (18 sp,, 348 ind) dan Cagar Alam Pattunuang (17 sp., 275 ind. Genus Papilio merupakan kupu-kupu yang paling sering ditemukan selama pengamatan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pola warna sayap kupu-kupu papilionids, terutama kupu-kupu genus Papilio, mengikuti gabungan venasi sayap dan model The Nymphalid Ground Plan (NGP). Sebagian besar, warna sayap berada pada bagian tengah hingga ke bagian batas luar (border). Pola warna sayap tampak berbeda-beda, terutama pola warna yang terdapat di bagian venasi sayap. Hal ini diakibatkan oleh struktur sisik sayap. Struktur sisik sayap mempunyai dua tipe, yaitu rectangular dan triangular, yang tersusun seperti genteng rumah. Sisik sayap memiliki struktur yang dapat mengontrol pantulan dan penyerapan cahaya ultraviolet (UV). Kupu-kupu papilionids dapat memiliki warna sayap yang sama dengan kupu-kupu papilionids lainnya, namun tiap spesies memiliki struktur sisik sayap yang berbeda.
Keyword: Keanekaragaman, papilionids, identifikasi, warna sayap, sisik sayap