Judul: Performance and Biokinetic Modeling of Modified Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Unit in Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Abstrak: Tingginya kadar kontaminan pada Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit perlu diolah dengan reaktor digester anaerobik tingkat tinggi, seperti Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB). Pengukuran kinerja unit UASB secara manual dapat menghabiskan banyak sumber daya. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja unit UASB dengan mengimplementasikan variasi Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), membandingkan estimasi efluen menggunakan Model Monod dan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (JST), dan memperkirakan parameter biokinetik unit UASB dalam kondisi unsteady-state. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan reaktor skala laboratorium dari November 2022 hingga Juni 2023. Dihasilkan bahwa HRT selama 2 hari di unit UASB terbukti merupakan HRT operasional yang optimal, mencapai 68% penyisihan Chemical Oxygen Demand dan 93% penyisihan Total Suspended Solids. Berdasarkan perbandingan model estimasi efluen, ANN memberikan estimasi yang paling sesuai dengan nilai MAPE sebesar 17%. ..., The high levels of contaminants in Palm Mill Oil Effluent need to be processed with a high-rate anaerobic digestion reactor, such as the Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB). Manual performance measurement of the UASB unit can be laborious and resource-intensive. Therefore, this research aims to analyze the performance of the UASB unit by implementing variations in Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT), comparing the effluent estimation using the Monod Model and the Artificial Neural Network (ANN), and estimating the biokinetic parameters of the UASB unit under unsteady-state conditions. The research used a laboratory-scale reactor from November 2022 to June 2023. It was determined that an HRT of 2 days in the UASB unit proved to be the optimal operational HRT, achieving 68% removal of Chemical Oxygen Demand and 93% removal of Total Suspended Solids. Comparing the effluent estimation models, the ANN provided the most suitable estimation with a MAPE value of 17%. ...
Keyword: ACSt, ANN, Monod, POME, UASB

Judul: Effect of Inhibitor on Biokinetic Estimation of Anaerobic Process in Anaerobic Contact Stabilization Reactor Treating Palm Oil Mill Effluent
Abstrak: Indonesia and Malaysia have become the largest palm oil contributors in the world. Palm oil production in Indonesia and Malaysia covers 80% of global palm oil demand. One of the palm oil industry’s secondary products negatively impacting the environment is palm oil mill effluent (POME). The concentrations of COD, BOD, oil and grease, TSS, and TN in POME are 50,000-150,000 mg/L, 25,000-75,000 mg/L, 4000 mg/L, 40,000 mg/L, and 750 mg/L, respectively. The concentration of organic compounds in POME has exceeded the quality standard established by the Indonesian governors. POME potentially pollutes the environment due to the direct discharge of POME into the environment without appropriate wastewater treatment. Therefore, the Anaerobic-Contact Stabilization (ACSt) reactor was utilized as the biological treatment for POME. In order to satisfy the requirements in the field, biokinetic modeling was conducted. The research was conducted from November 2022 until July 2023. Several procedures conducted in this research were designing the reactor, inoculum preparation, laboratory examination, and biokinetic modeling. The COD percent removal in each variation was around 96.60%-99.47%, while the TSS percent removal in each variation was around 98.63%-99.86%. The COD and TSS percent removal in v.1 and v.2 satisfied the desired value. The biokinetic parameters were estimated using the Monod and Hinshelwood model. The accuracy of the model was evaluated using the student’s t test and MAPE. The data obtained from model and experiment was concluded similar and the MAPE of each modeling was below 50%. Therefore, the models were classified as reasonable forecasting ability.
Keyword: anaerobic, biokinetic, inhibitor, POME, UASB

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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