Judul: Land Cover Relationship to Surface Temperature with Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS Imagery in Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Suhu permukaan sebagai indikator perubahan iklim penting dilakukan pemantauan guna memberikan informasi kepada ilmuwan, pemerintah, dan lembaga swadaya masyarakat dalam mengambil keputusan terkait mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan analisis estimasi suhu permukaan dengan Citra Landsat 8 dan menganalisis hubungan tutupan lahan dengan suhu permukaan di Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor tahun 2023. Analisis suhu permukaan dengan metode split window algorithm (SWA) menghasilkan tujuh kelas suhu yaitu I: 17 °C – 20 °C, II: >20 °C – 23 °C, III: >23 °C – 26 °C, IV: >26 °C – 29 °C, V: >29 °C – 32 °C, VI: >32 °C – 35 °C, VII: >35 °C – 38,38 °C. Analisis klasifikasi tutupan lahan dengan metode maximum likelihood classification menghasilkan 9 kelas dengan akurasi 87%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tutupan lahan yang diwakili dengan indeks NDBI memiliki hubungan positif dengan nilai 0,61. Hubungan tutupan lahan yang diwakili dengan indeks NDVI memiliki hubungan negatif dengan nilai 0,44., Surface temperature as an indicator of climate change is important to monitor in order to provide information to scientists, government, and nongovernmental organizations in making decisions related to climate change mitigation. This study aims to analyze the estimation of surface temperature with Landsat 8 images and analyze the relationship between land cover and surface temperature in Pamijahan District, Bogor Regency in 2023. Analysis of surface temperature with the split window algorithm (SWA) method resulted in seven temperature classes I: 17 °C – 20 °C, II: >20 °C – 23 °C, III: >23 °C – 26 °C, IV: >26 °C – 29 °C, V: >29 °C – 32 °C, VI: >32 °C – 35 °C, VII: >35 °C – 38,38 °C. Land cover classification analysis using the maximum likelihood classification method resulted in 9 classes with 87% accuracy. The results showed that land cover represented by the NDBI index had a positive relationship with a value of 0,61. The land cover relationship represented by the NDVI index has a negative relationship with a value of 0,44.
Keyword: Landsat 8, Maximum likelihood classification, Remote sensing, Split window algorithm

Judul: Spatial Modeling of land surface temperature and its relationship wityh ecological factors in Bogor municipilaty
Abstrak: Salah satu parameter kunci permukaan bumi melalui proses pertukaran energi dan air dengan udara disebut sebagai Suhu Permukaan Tanah (SPT), SPT juga memainkan peranan penting dalam berbagai penelitian ilmiah, seperti ekologi, hidrologi, dan studi perubahan global. Struktur buatan manusia seperti jalan dan bangunan biasanya memiliki nilai albedo yang lebih rendah dari permukaan bumi dan menyerap lebih banyak radiasi sinar tampak. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa penurunan dan peningkatan jumlah vegetasi pada permukaan bumi wilayah perkotaan akan menyebabkan efek pulau panas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membangun permodelan spasial suhu permukaan tanah di Kota Bogor menggunakan citra satelit Landsat-8, dan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungannya dengan faktor-faktor ekologi. Algoritma Split-Window (SW) digunakan untuk membuat SPT dengan menggunakan input berupa suhu kecerahan, emisivitas permukaan tanah (EPT) dan uap air. Validasi citra dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi nilai SPT dihitung dari citra satelit tahun 2014 Kota Bogor dengan pengukuran suhu lapangan yang dilakukan selama bulan Maret 2015 pada tanggal 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 28 dan 30., One of the key parameter in the physics of the earth surface through the process of energy and water exchange with the atmosphere called as the Land Surface Temperature (LST), it also plays an important role in a wide variety of scientific studies, such as ecology, hydrology, and global change studies. Man-made structures such as roads and buildings typically have a lower albedo than the natural surface and absorb more visible radiation. This shows that the reduced of the vegetation and the increased in urban surface will cause heat island effect. The objective of this study are to develop spatial modeling the land surface temperature distribution in Bogor Municipality using landsat-8 satellite imagery, and to identify its relationship with the ecological factors. Split-Window (SW) Algorithm was used to derive the LST by using the inputs of the brightness temperature, land surface emissivity (LSE) and water vapor. The image validation was done to evaluate the relationships among LST calculated from a 2014 satellite image of the Bogor Municipality and ground-based temperature measurements monitored during the month of March 2015 at a specific date of 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, 14, 16, 18, 21, 23, 25, 28 and 30.
Keyword: Land Surface Temperature, Land Surface Emissivity, Split-Window, ecological factors, land cover

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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