Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Streptococcus agalactiae merupakan salah satu penyebab utama mastitis subklinis pada sapi perang dan merupakan parasit obligat pada ambing. Pada manusia bakteri ini menyebabkan infeksi neonatal serta pasca salin pada wanita. Karakterisasi S. agalactiae ini secara konvensional dengan metode serotyping. Berdasarkan atas keberadaan antigen tipe pada permukaan sel bakteri, S. agalactiae dapat dibagi ke dalam beberapa serotipe yaitu 9 antigen polisakarida dan 3 antigen protein.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Penyakit radang ambing (mastitis) masih merupakan masalah utama dalam peternakan sapi perah, menyebabkan kerugian yang cukup besar sehubungan menurunnya produksi dan kualitas susu dan biaya penanganannya. nsi ensi mastitis pada sapi perah di Indonesia sangat tinggi (85%) I �����an eba ian besar merupakan infeksi yang bersifat subklinik (Wibawan et al., 1 97). Salah satu bakteri penyebab mastitis klinik maupun subklinik yang sangat dikenal adalah S. aureus. Bakteri ini dikenal pula sebagai bakteri kom sal yang dapat diisolasi dari sebagian besar permukaan tubuh. Bakteri ini bersifat Strain-host specific, artinya ada kaitan antara biotipe 3 deng n s esies inang. Sekurang-kurangnya ada 5 biotipe yang telah dilap rkan yakni biotipe A (human), biotipe B (babi dan unggas), biotipe C sapi dan omba), biotipe D (kelinci) dan biotipe E (anjing, kuda dan burung dara) meskipun demikian infeksi silang bakteri patogen antar spesies masih mungkin terjadi (Hajek dan Marsalek, 1971).
Keyword: Mastitis, Hemagglutinin, Epithelial cells

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell