Judul: Hubungan Unsur-unsur Iklim dengan Kadar Air dalam Proses Pengeringan Bahan Bakar di Hutan Sekunder Jasinga dan Perilaku Api
Abstrak: Terjadinya peristiwa kebakaran hutan di Indonesia sudah tidak asing lagi bagi kita dan telah banyak hutan dan lahan yang terbakar. Pada tahun 198211983 di Kalimantan Timur 3,6 juta ha hutan dan lahan telah terbakar, selanjutnya 5,11 juta ha hutan dan lahan di Sumatera dan Kalimantan juga terbakar pada tahun 1994, setelah itu kebakaran besar teIjadi di Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 1997/1998 dengan luas hutan dan lahan yang terbakar seluas 10 juta ha.
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Judul: Potensi Kebakaran Hutan Berdasarkan Ideks Kekeringan, Bahan Bakar dan Praktek Pembakaran oleh Masyarakat
Abstrak: Kebakaran hutan di Indonesia terjadi hampir setiap tahun. Sejumlah kebakaran besar terjadi pada tahun 1982/83, 1987, 199 t , 1993, 1994 dan 1997 yang banyak menimbulkan kerugian. Kebakaran yang terjadi di Sumatera dan Kalimantan pada tahun 1994 dan 1997 telah menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan di kawasan yang terbakar dan kabut asap yang menyertainya telah mencemari udara di kawasan Asia Tenggara, terutama Malaysia dan Singapura.
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Judul: Bivalent vaccine for Motile Aeromonas Septicemia and Streptococcocis in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstrak: Etiological agents of common fish diseases are the Gram-negative Aeromonas hydrophila and the Gram-positive Streptococcus agalactiae, both are considered severe fish pathogens on account of their ability to cause damaging disease outbreaks in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). The occurence of co-infections between A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae at Waduk Cirata was about 20% per populations. Clinical signs appeared soon after infection, and include depression or excitability, anorexia, C-shaped body posturing, erratic swimming and whirling, and death. Aeromonas hydrophila and S. agalactiae cultures were not able to inhibit each other and showed negative results from antimicrobial activity, both are succeptible to antibitoics Tetracycline and Chloramphenicol. Nile Tilapia also were clinically examined and necropsied for histopathology, samples were taken from kidney, brain, liver, and spleen. Histopathological lesions were grouped into two characteristic patterns. The first pattern consisted focal lesion and inflammation. The second pattern consisted of multifocal lesion, necrotic, and inflammatory lesions resulting organ deformation. The mortality patterns of Nile Tilapias showed acute and chronic infections to Motile Aeromonas Septicemia, sub-acute infection to Streptococcocis. There was a homeostatic balances on hematological respons during co-infection. Aeromonas hydrophila AHL0905-2 and Streptococcus agalactiae N14G, were used as an inactivated A. hydrophila and S. agalactiae vaccine. Different vaccine preparations and formulations for vaccination of Nile Tilapia species were tried by adding neutral buffered formalin 3% to the bacterial culture (bacterin). The safety of formalin inactivated vaccine is still questionable by some aquaculture practitioners, but the sterility and safety test results of the bivalent vaccine was safe to use through intraperitoneal injection route. An antibody response was detected at the 1st week that rose significantly (p<0.05) at the 3th week post immunization in all the immunized groups. Similarly, there were significant difference (p<0.05) in the humoral immune response between groups immunized with single and mixed bacterial antigens. Upon challenge with single pathogen, a high relative percent survival was recorded in the group immunized with mixed bacterial antigens and was comparable to those fish immunized with the single bacteria. The value of relative per cent survival from bivalent vaccine mixed whole cell+ECP was 100% and 86.2% to single infections and 56.7% to co-infections, indicate that this vaccine was eficient in Nile Tilapia.
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