Judul: Antibody Responses against Newcastle Disease and Evaluation of Infectious Bronchitis Maternal Derived Antibody on Vaccinated Layers.
Abstrak: Information of maternal derived antibody (MDA) and onset of immunity after vaccination is important to determine appropriate vaccination programme of chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate duration of Infectious Bronchitis (IB) MDA and evaluate onset of immunity Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination among layers. All layers were vaccinated using live ND and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) at one day old age, and received Avian Rhinotracheitis (AR) vaccine at 4 day old age. Serum samples were collected at various ages: 7, 10, 14, 20, 22, 24, 29 and 35 day old. The presence of ND antibodies was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whilst the presence of IB antibodies was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study showed that ND antibodies were at positive level until 24 day old age, and reached protective level ≥ 25 only at 7 day old age, whilst IB MDA were positive up to 17 day old age. This result indicating the needs of ND booster vaccination at least at 24 day old and IB vaccination at 17 day old age.
Keyword: antibody, Infectious Bronchitis, layers, Newcastle Disease, vaccination

Judul: Durasi Antibodi Asal Induk terhadap Avian Influenza dan Respon Antibodi Hasil Vaksinasi terhadap Infectious Bursal Disease pada Ayam Layer.
Abstrak: Program vaksinasi pada peternakan ayam layer dilakukan dengan memonitoring titer antibodi dan durasi imunitas pada ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi titer antibodi asal induk terhadap Avian Influenza dan evaluasi respon pembentukan antibodi Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) pada ayam layer yang divaksinasi pada umur satu hari dengan vaksin Aktif Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), Newcastle Disease (ND) dan Avian Rhinotracheitis (AR). Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin IBD dan ND aktif pada umur satu hari dan AR aktif pada umur empat hari. Sampel serum ayam layer diambil pada umur 7, 10, 14, 17, 22, 24, 29 dan 35 hari. Antibodi asal induk terhadap virus AI ditentukan dengan uji Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi (HI), sedangkan antibodi IBD ditentukan dengan uji Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Antibodi asal induk terhadap virus AI terdeteksi dari umur 7 sampai umur 17 hari dan GMT dari uji HI mencapai level protektif 24 sampai umur 14 hari. Antibodi terhadap IBD terdeteksi dari umur 7 hari sampai umur 35 hari dan meningkat dari 22 sampai 35 hari. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan informasi tentang durasi antibodi AI asal induk dan respon pembentukan antibodi setelah vaksinasi IBD pada ayam layer.
Keyword: antibodi, Avian Influenza, ayam layer, Infectious Bursal Disease, vaksinasi

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology