Judul: Characterization of Body Scrub Based on Sargassum polycystum Salt Residue, Moringa oleifera, and Collagen
Abstrak: Residu garam Sargassum polycystum dapat berperan sebagai scrub alami pengganti microbeads. Penambahan bubuk daun kelor dan kolagen dapat meningkatkan nilai fungsi body scrub terhadap kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi bubuk daun kelor terbaik dalam pembuatan body scrub serta menentukan karakteristik produk body scrub terpilih dari residu garam rumput laut Sargassum polycystum, bubuk daun kelor, dan kolagen yang dibandingkan dengan produk body scrub komersil. Body scrub diformulasikan dengan 7% residu garam S.polycystum dan bubuk daun kelor konsentrasi 1%, 3% dan 5%. Formulasi terbaik ditambahkan dengan kolagen 0,5%. Body scrub dibuat dengan mencampurkan fase air dan fase minyak. Konsentrasi bubuk daun kelor terbaik didapatkan pada body scrub SK 7:1 (residu garam S. polycystum 7% dan bubuk daun kelor 1%). Body scrub terpilih yang ditambahkan 0,5% kolagen (SKK 7:1:0,5) telah sesuai dengan acuan yang ada. Body scrub SKK 7:1:0,5 menghasilkan nilai pH 6,45, viskositas 7716 cp, bersifat homogen, daya sebar 4,16 cm, emulsi stabil, kelembaban kulit 48,04% (sangat lembab), total fenol 0,77±0,06 mg GAE/g, dan aktivitas antioksidan CUPRAC 1,71±0,10 mg TE/g., Sargassum polycystum salt residue can act as a natural scrub substitute for microbeads. The addition of M.oleifera leaf powder and collagen can increase the value of the body scrub's function on the skin. This study aims to determine the best concentration of M.oleifera leaf powder in the making of body scrub and to determine the characteristics of selected body scrub products from S. polycystum salt residue, M.oleifera leaf powder, and collagen that are compared with commercial body scrub products. The body scrub was formulated with 7% residual salt of S. polycystum and M.oleifera leaf powder in concentrations of 1%, 3% and 5%. The best formulation was added with 0,5% collagen. Body scrubs were made by mixing the water phase and the oil phase. The best concentration of M.oleifera leaf powder was found in the body scrub SK 7:1 (7% S. polycystum salt residue and 1% M.oleifera leaf powder). The selected body scrub which added with 0,5% collagen (SKK 7:1:0,5) was in accordance with the existing reference. Body scrub SKK 7:1:0,5 produced a pH value of 6,45, viscosity of 7716 cp, homogeneous mixture, spreadability 4,16 cm, stable emulsion, skin moisture 48,04% (very moist), total phenol 0,77±0,06 mg GAE/g, and the antioxidant activity of CUPRAC 1,71±0,10 mg TE/g.
Keyword: antioksidan, daun kelor, emulsi, formula, kosmetik kulit, antioxidants, M.oleifera leaves, emulsions, formula, skin cosmetics

Judul: Characteristics of Body Scrub Sargassum sp. Seaweed Salt Residue with the Addition of Turmeric Rhizome Powder
Abstrak: Residu garam rumput laut Sargassum sp. dapat berperan sebagai scrub alami yang diharapkan mampu menggantikan mikroplastik polyethylene. Penambahan bubuk rimpang kunyit berfungsi untuk meningkatkan nilai fungsi sediaan body srub, seperti aktivitas antioksidannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan penambahan konsentrasi bubuk rimpang kunyit (Curcuma longa) terbaik pada sediaan body scrub residu garam rumput laut Sargassum sp. 7% dengan karakteristik yang sesuai. Sediaan body scrub terbuat dari campuran bahan fase minyak dan bahan fase air dengan penambahan residu garam rumput laut Sargassum sp. 7% dan bubuk rimpang kunyit 0,5%, 1%, dan 1,5%. Produk sediaan body scrub terpilih yaitu SK 7:0,5 (kombinasi residu garam rumput laut Sargassum sp. 7% dan bubuk rimpang kunyit 0,5%) dan telah sesuai dengan acuan yang ditetapkan, kecuali uji daya sebar. Sediaan body scrub SK 7:0,5 memiliki nilai pH 6,52, waktu lekat 1,54 detik, diameter sebar 3,33 cm, emulsi yang stabil, homogen, mampu meningkatkan kelembaban kulit, total fenol 464,52 ± 12,67 mg GAE/g, aktivitas antioksidan CUPRAC 1,20 ± 0,003 μg/mL asam askorbat/g sampel dan ABTS dengan nilai IC50 195,99 ± 1,30 μg/mL., Sargassum sp. seaweed salt residue acts as a natrual scrub that is expected to replace polyethylene microplastics. The addition of turmeric rhizome powder serves to increase the functional value of body scrub, such as antioxidant activity. The aim of this research was to determine the best concentration of addition turmeric rhizome powder (Curcuma longa) to body scrub Sargassum sp. 7% with the best characteristics. The body scrub was producted from mixing oil and water phase material with the addition of Sargassum sp. seaweed salt residue 7% and turmeric rhizome powder 0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%. The body scrub product selected was SK 7:0.5 (a combination of Sargassum sp. seaweed salt residue 7% and turmeric rhizome powder 0.5%) and was in accordance with the established standards, except for spreadability test. The body scrub SK 7:0.5 had pH value 6.52, adhesion time 1.54 seconds, spread diameter 3.33 cm, stable emulsion, homogeneous, able to increase skin moisture, total phenol 464.52 ± 12.67 mg GAE /g, antioxidant activity of CUPRAC 1.20 ± 0.003 g/mL ascorbic acid/g sample and ABTS with IC50 value of 195.99 ± 1.30 g/mL.
Keyword: Antioxidant, microplastic, moisture, scrub

Judul: Zero-inflated negative binomial models in small area estimation.
Abstrak: The problem of over-dispersion in Poisson data is usually solved by introducing prior distributions which lead to negative binomial models. Poisson data sometime is also suffered by excess zero problems, a condition when data contains too many zero or exceeds the distribution's expectation. Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) method can be utilized to solve such problems. This paper demonstrates the adaption of ZINB methods in Small Area Estimation with excess zero data. It is shown that the excess zero problem has substantially influenced the Empirical Bayes (EB) estimates, and the adaption of ZINB methods has improved the precision and reliability of the estimates. Key Words: Small Area Estimation, Zero-Inflation, Poisson-Gamma, Negative Binomial Regression, Empirical Bayes
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