Judul: Spleen Histopathology of Macaca fascicularis with Klebsiella pneumoniae Infection
Abstrak: Satwa primata pada penangkaran rentan terhadap stress dan infeksi agen penyakit, termasuk Klebsiella sp. Keberadaan Klebsiella spp. pada satwa ini telah dikaitkan dengan berbagai kondisi kesehatan serius, termasuk pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis, sistitis, dan septicemia hingga bisa menimbulkan kematian. Dalam penelitian ini, telah dikonfirmasi bahwa tiga individu Macaca fascicularis (1 jantan, 2 betina) di Pusat Studi Satwa Primata (PSSP) yang mati terinfeksi oleh Klebsiella pneumoniae. Organ limpa diambil untuk dibuat preparat histopatologi dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin dan dievaluasi lesio yang terjadi secara mikroskopis. Hasil patologi anatomi dari limpa menunjukkan adanya lesion nodul putih berukuran 0.5-1.0cm yang berisi massa berwarna kuning, histopatologi menunjukkan adanya koagulasi nekrosis di pulpa putih, infiltrasi sel radang (neutrofil, limfosit, dan sel plasma) dan hemosiderosis di pulpa putih dan pulpa merah, serta perdarahan pada limpa di pulpa merah. Lesio yang ditemukan menunjukkan terjadinya splenitis pada limpa. Keberadaan lesiolesio ini akan menyebabkan disfungsi dari limpa., Primate animals are like humans in both anatomy and behavior and are therefore widely used in biomedical research. In captivity, primate animals are susceptible to stress and infection with disease agents, including Klebsiella sp. The presence of Klebsiella spp. in these animals has been associated with a variety of serious health conditions, including pneumonia, meningitis, peritonitis, cystitis, and septicemia, that can lead to death. In this study, it was confirmed that three Macaca fascicularis individuals (1 male and 2 females) at the Primate Research Center (PSSP) that died were infected by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Spleen organs were taken for histopathological preparations with hematoxylin and eosin staining, and the lesions were evaluated microscopically. Gross anatomy of the spleen showed white nodules measuring 0.5-1.0 cm in diameter, filled with a yellow, solid material. Histopathology results revealed coagulation necrosis in the white pulp, inflammatory cell infiltration (neutrophils, lymphocytes, and plasma cells) along with hemosiderosis in both red and white pulps, as well as hemorrhage in the red pulp. These lesions indicate the presence of splenitis in the spleen, leading to dysfunction in this organ.
Keyword: Klebsiella pneumoniae, Macaca fascicularis, histopathology, spleen

Judul: Histopathological Change of Liver of Long-Tailed Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Chronically Infected by Klebsiella sp.
Abstrak: Pusat Studi Satwa Primata IPB (PSSP IPB) adalah salah satu lembaga konservasi yang bertujuan untuk memelihara dan menciptakan habitat eksitu bagi beberapa spesies primata. Spesies primata yang dipelihara di PSSP IPB yaitu spesies monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) yang saat ini memiliki status terancam punah oleh International Union for the Conservation of Nature. Tingkah laku Macaca fascicularis yang sering bersosialisasi dan aktif meningkatkan resiko spesies ini terinfeksi penyakit sehingga terjadi penurunan tingkat imunitas tubuh. Sistem imunitas tubuh yang menurun dapat menjadi predisposisi infeksi sekunder oleh mikroorganisme seperti Klebsiella sp. Klebsiella sp. umumnya ditemukan menginfeksi sistem respirasi hewan, namun dalam beberapa kejadian juga dapat ditemukan bersifat sistemik sehingga menginfeksi organ tubuh lainnya tidak terkecuali organ hati. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan mengetahui gambaran histopatologi organ hati Macaca fascicularis yang terinfeksi kronisKlebsiella sp. Preparat histopatologi dibuat dengan menggunakan sampel organ hati dari tiga ekor macaca kemudian diberi pewarna hematoksilin-eosin. Indikator pengamatan preparat histopatologi yaitu berupa kondisi sel hepatosit, temuan infiltrasi sel radang pada preparat hati serta temuan histopatologi lainnya. Hasil yang diperoleh berdasarkan pengamatan preparat histopatologi yaitu sel hepatosit yang mengalami degenerasi hidropis, kongesti, hemoragi, infiltrasi sel radang limfosit serta fibrosis hati yang mengarah pada kondisi hepatitis kronis., The IPB Primate Research Center (PSSP IPB) is a conservation place that aims to maintain and create ex-situ habitats for several primate species including long-tailed monkey (Macaca fascicularis), which is currently endangered by theInternational Union for the Conservation of Nature. Macaca fascicularis have an active and sociable behavior that increases the risk of exposure to infection. A decrease in the immune system of monkeys will predispose them to secondary infections by microorganisms such as Klebsiella sp. Klebsiella sp. is found to infect the respiratory system of animals. Nevertheless, in certain cases, it can also infect systemically and cause disturbances in internal organs such as the liver. This study was conducted to know the histopathological change of liver in Macaca fascicularisthat is chronically infected with Klebsiella sp. Histopathological preparations were made using liver samples from three monkeys and then stained with hematoxylin eosin. The results of histopathological analyses showed hydropic degeneration of the liver cell, congestion, hemorrhage, infiltration of lymphocyte cell, and liver fibrosis which led to chronic hepatitis. It is clarified that the monkeys were infected chronically by Klebsiella.
Keyword: Hati, Histopatologi, Klebsiella sp., Macaca fascicularis

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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