Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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Judul: The Fly Infestation (Diptera:  Cyclorrapha) on Javanese bull (Bos javanicus) in Ragunan Zoo South Jakarta
Abstrak: The information about ectoparasites on Javanese bull is still limited. This study aims to determine the family and level of infestation of flies in java bulls. The data was obtained by observing the morphology of flies that reached the bull's body and then calculated the number in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The data were analyzed in descriptive analysis. The level of fly infestation was divided into 3 namely low (between 1 and 9 flies), medium (between 10 and 18 flies), and hight (more than 18 flies) based on the average of fly populations. The result of this observation were 2 families of flies namely Muscidae and Calliphoridae. The infestation levels of Muscidae on both bulls were low, medium, and hight meanwhile the infestation of Calliphoridae was low. The enrichment areas are likely to affect fly infestations. Flies that land on bulls irritate the bulls as it perches around the nose and around the eyes, which cause the bulls to restless time, The information about ectoparasites on Javanese bull is still limited. This study aims to determine the family and level of infestation of flies in java bulls. The data was obtained by observing the morphology of flies that reached the bull's body and then calculated the number in the morning, afternoon, and evening. The data were analyzed in descriptive analysis. The level of fly infestation was divided into 3 namely low (between 1 and 9 flies), medium (between 10 and 18 flies), and hight (more than 18 flies) based on the average of fly populations. The result of this observation were 2 families of flies namely Muscidae and Calliphoridae. The infestation levels of Muscidae on both bulls were low, medium, and hight meanwhile the infestation of Calliphoridae was low. The enrichment areas are likely to affect fly infestations. Flies that land on bulls irritate the bulls as it perches around the nose and around the eyes, which cause the bulls to restless time.
Keyword: javanese bull, Bos javanicus, calliphoridae, muscidae

Judul: Peranan Kepemimpinan dalam Resiliensi Komunitas terhadap Erupsi Gunung Merapi
Abstrak: Erupsi Gunung Merapi merupakan salah satu penyebab kerentanan komunitas Kalitengah Lor. Kerentanan membuat komunitas harus melakukan suatu upaya agar komunitas tersebut dapat resilien. Resiliensi komunitas akan terwujud dengan adanya aksi kolektif dan peranan kepemimpinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kerentanan komunitas Kalitengah Lor, menganalisis aksi kolektif komunitas, menganalisis peranan kepemimpinan dalam resiliensi komunitas terhadap erupsi Gunung Merapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komunitas Kalitengah Lor memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi. Peranan kepemimpinan dan tingkat partisipasi pada aksi kolektif komunitas Kalitengah Lor Tinggi. Peranan kepemimpinan dan adanya aksi kolektif komunitas dapat mengatasi dampak yang ditimbulkan dari erupsi gunung Merapi 2010 sehingga tingkat keberfungsian sistem dan tingkat kenyamanan komunitas Kalitengah Lor tahun 2017 meningkat. Resiliensi komunitas Kalitengah Lor dibangun melalui pembaharuan yang dilakukan pemimpin bersama komunitas dalam membangun wisata lokal, serta regenerasi dan reorganisasi kelembagaan di dalamnya.
Keyword: aksi kolektif, peranan kepemimpinan, kerentanan, resiliensi komunitas