Judul: Aktivitas proteolitik ekstraseluler enteropathogenic escherichia coli pada media limbah cair tahu
Abstrak: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab diare. Diketahui bahwa EPEC RB 1.2 yang diisolasi dari penderita diare mensintesis protease ekstraseluler pada media skim milk broth minimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya aktivitas proteolitik ekstaseluler EPEC RB 1.2 pada media limbah cair tahu. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan uji aktivitas enzim proteolitik ekstraseluler EPEC RB 1.2 pada media limbah cair tahu. Dilihat dari kurva kekeruhan yang makin meningkat menunjukkan bahwa EPEC RB1.2 dapat tumbuh dalam media tersebut. Pada media limbah cair tahu yang ditambah susu skim 1% menampakkan adanya aktivitas proteolitik ekstraseluler EPEC RB 1.2 yang berbeda nyata dengan bakteri E.coli non patogen.
Keyword: 

Judul: Aktivitas Antibakteri Enterophatogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K11 dari Plantarisin F Rekombinan Hasil Purifikasi
Abstrak: Salah satu bakteri penyebab diare adalah enterophatogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K11. Pengobatan diare menggunakan antibotik secara terus menerus dapat menimbulkan resistensi. Plantarisin F rekombinan merupakan salah satu peptida antimikroba yang dihasilkan oleh Lactococcus lactis pNZ8148 rekombinan F dan berpotensi sebagai alternatif penggunaan antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antibakteri EPEC K11 dari plantarisin F rekombinan hasil purifikasi. Proses purifikasi dilakukan dengan pengendapan garam amonium sulfat, kromatografi kolom filtrasi gel Sephadex G-50, dan kromatografi kolom penukar kation SP Sepharose. Sampel hasil purifikasi diuji aktivitas antibakterinya terhadap EPEC K11 dengan metode difusi agar. Pelet hasil pengendapan garam amonium sulfat, fraksi hasil kolom filtrasi gel, dan fraksi hasil kolom penukar kation memiliki aktivitas spesifik berturut-turut 235.107 AU/mg, 268.553 AU/mg, dan 6074.405 AU/mg. Aktivitas antibakteri tertinggi diperoleh pada sampel pelet hasil pengendapan garam amonium sulfat 60% dengan diameter zona bening sebesar 8 mm.
Keyword: antibacterial, enterophatogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC), plantaricin F recombinant, purification

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
Keyword: