Judul: Visualization of Amyloidopathy on Renal Mice After Immunized by Amyloid Beta-42
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan jenis demensia berupa gangguan neurodegeneratif progresif pada lansia, yang ditandai adanya senile plaque dan neurofibrillary tangles di otak. Ginjal merupakan organ vital yang berpotensi mengalami kerusakan akibat retensi amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42). Studi ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi amyloidopathy pada jaringan ginjal mencit yang terbagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu mencit yang diimunisasi Aβ42 (n=6) dan kontrol (n=8). Pengamatan histopatologis jaringan ginjal dilakukan dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin. Temuan lesio dianalisis secara deskriptif dan semikuantitatif. Berdasarkan pengamatan yang dilakukan, ditemukan lesio patologis peradangan interstisial dengan sel peradangan limfosit, sel plasma, dan makrofag, serta kongesti dan hemoragi pada organ ginjal mencit perlakuan maupun kontrol. Organ ginjal mencit perlakuan yang diamati tidak menunjukkan adanya lesio sklerosis glomerulus, maupun fibrosis interstisial dan atrofi tubulus. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat melengkapi informasi mengenai penggunaan mencit sebagai hewan model penyakit Alzheimer serta membantu dalam pengembangan kit diagnostik. Kata kunci: amiloidosis, ginjal, histopatologi, mencit, penyakit alzheimer, Alzheimer’s disease is a type of dementia in the form of a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that happens in the old age, marked with the existence of senile plaque and neurofibrillary tangles in the brain. Kidneys are the vital organs which may have potential to get affected by the brain damage that is caused by amyloid beta-42 (Aβ42) retention. The aim of this study was to identify the amyloidopathy on mice renal tissues which is divided into two groups; the immunized mice by Aβ42 (n=6), and controls (n=8). Histopathological observations of renal tissue were carried out by using Hematoxylin Eosin staining. The lesion findings were then analyzed descriptively and semiquantitatively. Based on the observations, pathological lesions of interstitial inflammation that were filled with lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages inflammatory cells, congestion, and hemorrhage were also identified in both treated and control mice renal tissues. The observed renal organs on the treated mice did not show glomerular sclerosis lesions, nor interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy. These findings are expected to complete the information regarding the use of mice as model organism of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and assist in developing a diagnostic kit for AD. Keywords: alzheimer’s disease, amyloidosis, histopathology, kidneys, mice.
Keyword: amiloidosis, ginjal, histopatologi, mencit, penyakit alzheimer, alzheimer's disease, amyloidosis, histopathology, kidneys, mice

Judul: Study of Amyloidopathy on Mice Liver after Immunization of Amyloid Beta 42 (Aβ42) as a Marker of Alzheimer's Disease
Abstrak: Peptida amiloid beta 42 (Aβ42) dikenal sebagai biomarker dini penyakit Alzheimer. Antibodi Aβ42 menjadi bahan antibodi spesifik atau antibodi monoklonal yang dapat dijadikan kit diagnostik penyakit Alzheimer berbasis ELISA. Antibodi diproduksi di hewan mencit melalui teknik imunisasi amiloid sehingga didapatkan antibodi monoklonal dari organ limpa pada mencit. Studi ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari amyloidopathy pada organ hati mencit pascaimunisasi antibodi amiloid beta 42 (Aβ42) sebagai marka penyakit Alzheimer. Studi ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit lalu dibagi menjadi dua kelompok. Kelompok yang diimunisasi dengan Aβ42 dan kelompok kontrol. Mencit perlakuan diberikan vaksin dengan titer 15.000pg/mL dan diinjeksikan 100l/ekor melalui rute subkutan. Pengamatan histopatologi organ hati menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin. Temuan lesio dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan semikuantitatif tipe ordinal. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lesio infiltrasi sel radang dan nekrosis pada mencit perlakuan. Hasil pengamatan studi ini diharapkan dapat melengkapi informasi terkait efek dari imunisasi Aβ42 terhadap organ hati mencit sebagai hewan model., Amyloid peptide beta 42 (Aβ42) is known as an early biomarker of Alzheimer's disease. Antibody Aβ42 is a specific antibody or a monoclonal antibody that can be used as an ELISA-based Alzheimer's disease diagnostic kit. Antibodies are produced in mice through the amyloid immunization technique; monoclonal antibodies will be obtained from the spleen organ in mice. This study was conducted to study amyloidopathy in the liver of mice after immunization with amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42) antibody as a marker of Alzheimer's disease. This study used 20 mice and divided them into two groups. The group immunized with Aβ42 and the control group. This study uses 15.000pg/ml vaccine titter and injected to 10 mice via the subcutaneous route with 100l/mice dose. Histopathological observations of liver organs using Haematoxylin Eosin staining and the lesion was then analysed using ordinal type descriptive and semi-quantitative analysis. The results showed that there were inflammatory cell infiltration lesions and necrosis in immunized mice. The results of this study are expected to provide information regarding the effects of Aβ42 immunization on the liver of mice as animal models.
Keyword: Alzherimer's disease, amyloidosis, hystopathology, liver, mice

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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