Judul: Respons Imun Ikan NIla Hitam Oreochromis niloticus yang Diberi Serbuk Batang Pisang Musa paradisiaca melalui Pakan
Abstrak: Ikan nila hitam merupakan salah satu strain ikan nila yang dibudidayakan secara intensif dan memiliki peluang terserang penyakit. Pengendalian penyakit yang efektif, efisien, aman dan ramah lingkungan serta praktis adalah dengan fitofarmaka, salah satunya dengan pemanfaatan limbah batang pisang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan serbuk batang pisang Musa paradisiaca 3% melalui pakan terhadap respons imun ikan nila hitam Oreochromis niloticus. Ikan nila hitam yang digunakan memiliki bobot awal 7,00±0,37 g dan panjang 7,45±0,27 cm. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 28 hari dengan tiga perlakuan yaitu kontrol (K), perlakuan antibiotik (KA), dan perlakuan serbuk batang pisang (SP). Parameter yang diamati meliputi eritrosit total, kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, leukosit total, aktivitas fagositik, respiratory burst, dan kinerja pertumbuhan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan eritrosit total, aktivitas fagositik, dan respiratory burst tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P>0,05). Leukosit total SP (2,990,09×104 sel mm-3) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol (2,310,27×104 sel mm-3) (P<0,05). Kinerja pertumbuhan yang diperoleh tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan (P>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah penambahan serbuk batang pisang M. paradisiaca 3% pada pakan yang diberikan pada ikan nila hitam O. niloticus dapat meningkatkan respons imun ikan., Black tilapia is one strain of tilapia that is intensively cultivated and has the opportunity to be attacked by disease. Effective, efficient, safe and environmentally friendly and practical disease control is with phytopharmaceuticals, one of which is the utilization of banana stem waste. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding 3% Musa paradisiaca banana stem powder through feed on the immune response of black tilapia Oreochromis niloticus. The black tilapia used had an initial weight of 7,00 ± 0,37 g and a length of 7,45 ± 0,27 cm. Maintenance was carried out for 28 days with three treatments, namely control (K), antibiotic treatment (KA), and banana stem powder treatment (SP). Parameters observed included total erythrocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit levels, total leukocytes, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, and growth performance. The results showed that total erythrocytes, phagocytic activity, and respiratory burst were not significantly different between treatments (P>0,05). Total leukocytes of SP (2,99±0,09×104 cells mm-3) were higher than control (2,31± 0,27×104 cells mm-3) (P<0,05). The growth performance obtained was not significantly different between treatments (P>0,05). The conclusion of this study is that the addition of 3% M. paradisiaca banana stem powder to the feed given to black tilapia O. niloticus can increase the immune response of fish.
Keyword: antibiotic, banana stem powder, black tilapia, immune response, phytopharmaceutical

Judul: Application of Bacillus cereus BR2, Honey, and the combination of both for prevention of Streptococcus agalactiae infection in saline nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstrak: Ikan nila merupakan komoditas unggulan yang dibudidayakan secara intensif dan berpeluang terserang penyakit Streptococcus agalactiae. Upaya pencegahan yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak serangan bakteri S. agalactiae adalah dengan pakan suplementasi menggunakan probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian probiotik Bacillus cereus BR2, prebiotik madu randu, dan gabungan keduanya melalui pakan untuk pencegahan infeksi S. agalactiae. Penelitian ini terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu A (B. cereus BR2 109 CFU mL-1 1%), B (madu randu 1%), C (B. cereus BR2 109 CFU mL-1 1% + madu randu 1%), K+ dan K- (tanpa suplementasi). Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan nila nirwana 3 dengan bobot rata-rata 15,13±1,74 g. Ikan diaklimatisasi terlebih dahulu ke air payau secara bertahap hingga salinitas 10 ppt dalam akuarium berukuran 60×30×40 cm3 dengan kepadatan 10 ekor per akuarium (450 ekor m-3 ). Selama 30 hari pemeliharaan, ikan diberi pakan komersil yang telah disuplementasi sebanyak 3 kali sehari sekenyangkenyangnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kelangsungan hidup, kinerja pertumbuhan, dan respon imun ikan nila salin yang diberi perlakuan suplementasi pakan probiotik B. cereus BR2 dan prebiotik madu randu lebih baik dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol. Pemberian sinbiotik B. cereus BR2 dan madu melalui suplementasi pakan dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons imun ikan ikan nila salin., Tilapia is the main commodity that is cultivated intensively and has the potential to be infected by Streptococcus agalactiae. Prevention efforts that can be done to reduce the impact of S. agalactiae attack are by supplementing feed using probiotics, prebiotics, and synbiotics. This study aimed to examine the effect of giving Bacillus cereus BR2 probiotic, honey prebiotic, and a combination of both through the feed for the prevention of S. agalactiae infection. This study consisted of five treatments and three replications, namely A (B. cereus BR2 109 CFU mL-1 1%), B (kapok honey 1%), C (B. cereus BR2 109 CFU mL-1 1% + kapok honey 1 %), K+ and K- (without supplementation). The test fish used were nile tilapia with an average weight of 15.13±1.74 g. The fish were first acclimatized to brackish water gradually to 10 ppt. salinity in an aquarium measuring 60×30×40 cm9 with a density of 10 fish per aquarium (450 fish m-3 ). During the 30 days of rearing, the fish were given commercial feed which had been supplemented 3 times a day as full as possible. The results showed that the survival rate, growth performance, and immune response of saline tilapia which were treated with B. cereus BR2 probiotic feed supplementation and prebiotic kapok honey were better and significantly different (P<0.05) than the control treatment. The application of B. cereus BR2 and kapok honey synbiotic through feed supplementation can improve growth performance and immune response of saline tilapia.
Keyword: Bacillus cereus BR2, honey, Streptococcus agalactiae, tilapia, ikan nila salin, madu

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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