Judul: Pra Peningkatan Skala Proses Nanoemulsifikasi Minyak Sawit dengan High Pressure Homogenizer
Abstrak: Palm oil is the most widely produced and traded edible oil in the world. Compared to other vegetable oils, palm oil has a superior nutrient content, such as carotenoids, which is contained 400-1000 ppm in crude palm oil. Carotenoids in palm oil has a high bioavalibility as it is present in a free form in the oil matrix. However, carotenoids in palm oil matrix has a low solubility in water so it is difficult to be added in food product. Nanoemulsion system is a solution to increase solubility and bioavailbility of the components. This study observed effect of emulsifiers and pressure on the characteristics and stability of the nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion was subjected to high pressure homogenizer at pressure of 100, 200, and 300 bar. Emulsifier which was used in this study is Tween 80 at a concentration of 20% and 30%. Increased of pressure and emulsifier concentration reduce the output flow rate. The use of Tween 80 with a greater concentration resulted smaller particle size and more stable nanoemulsion, but did not affect the levels of carotenoids. Higher pressure of the homogenizer resulted smaller particle size and lower carotenoid levels.
Keyword: pressure, particle size, nanoemulsion, emulsifier, carotenoids, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Teknik homogenisasi dan pra peningkatan skala proses mikroenkapsulasi minyak sawit
Abstrak: Palm oil is one of the very important commodities in Indonesia, however the utilization of palm oil as downstream products is remain limited. Palm oil has unique characteristics because of it's carotenoids amounting of 500-700 ppm. On the other hand, carotenoids are very sensitive to heat and oxidation. Microencapsulation by spray drying is one of the methods to protect those active components. Homogenization is the main process in the formation of an emulsion of palm oil before drying process. This process is influenced by speed, time and volume of homogenization. Results showed that the process of homogenization affect the quality and characteristics of emulsion and microencapsulate of palm oil. An increase in the scale of material volume and lenght of time does not affect significant the characteristics of microencapsulate palm oil such as water content, solubility and aw, but its will affect the emulsion stability, surface oil, carotene and efficiency of microencapsulation and also affecting the quality of microencapsulate.
Keyword: spray dryer, scale up, palm oil, microencapsulation, homogenization, carotene, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.