Judul: Analisis Neraca Sumberdaya Hutan Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Payment for environmental services (PES) scheme has been applied between Kuningan Regency and the City of Cirebon. However, although the mechanism has been running, the destruction of forests in this regency is still high. This condition indicates failures in the institutional management. There are several types of wood productions produced under co-production involving local communities known as Community Forest Management (PHBM). Similarly, forest production, and forest management also involve community known as PKKBM (Community Conservation Areas Management). The National Park of Ciremai Mountain has sixteen types of tourisms. As for the forest people, the management carried out by forest communities. The results of physical and monetary account analysis shows the decline in income of the community forest. The degradation of forests is caused by the decline in the productivity of the forest. Revenue of forest conservation have increased due to non-timber forest products, water resources and tourism. Similarly, the physical and monetary account of production forests shows that the opening stock has increased. The forest management in this regency involves Perhutani KPH Kuningan, Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan, Forest Village Community, Village Government, and NGOs. Transaction costs always appear each month and have a high value. The minimum water production is 1,202,604 m3 in order to obtain the benefits exceed the cost of the transaction.
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Judul: Evaluasi Efektivitas Pembayaran Jasa Lingkungan Antara Kota Cirebon Dan Kabupaten Kuningan
Abstrak: Ecosystem conservation of watershed on the upstream area is a critical requirement in a continuous water management. This effort has to be supported not only by people that live at the upstream area as the „owner‟ of the catchment area but also by people at the downstream area as the „user‟. Therefore a comprehensive water management endeavor between the „owner‟ and the „user‟ is needed, through a payment of environmental services mechanism. This mechanism has been applied in West Java Province, specifically in Ciremai Mountain area – between Kuningan as the owner of the Paniis watershed and Cirebon as the user. Within the course of payment of environmental services, Kuningan and Cirebon keep identifying an accurate formula to manage the watershed area. Such circumstances place government in a consideration, whether the payment of environmental services program is effective in conserving Paniis watershed as the source of water of people in the city of Cirebon. It is critical to evaluate the effectiveness of payment of environmental services program in Paniis watershed, Ciremai Mountain to address the above question. Four main analyses have been employed to address that main question: (1) Cost and benefit analysis, (3) Willingness to pay analysis, and (4) Multinomial logit analysis. Results of the cost and benefit analysis of the payment of environmental services from 2003 - 2011 indicate that direct costs and direct benefits for Cirebon PDAM had been declining. These results conclude that the payment of environmental services of Cirebon PDAM is not effective to increase the production capacity of the institution. Results of willingness to pay analysis indicate that water users (costumers) have willingness to pay the environmental services of Rp.72/m 3. Based on the payment retrieval analysis: 49% of the respondents choose the payment through the monthly billing method, which is paid through the PDAM account.
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Judul: Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules Formation for Leydig Cells Encapsulation
Abstrak: Hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by low concentrations of testosterone. It is caused by malfunction of Leydig cells in producing testosterone. Encapsulation method will protect the transplanted cells from the immune system rejection. The aims of this study was to optimize the formation of microcapsules for Leydig cells encapsulation. The microcapsules were made of alginate and chitosan as the first and the second coating agents, respectively. The result showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with a viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230-270 µm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted spherical microcapsule with mechanical stability in 4 hours. Leydig cells can be trapped inside the capsule with a density that proportional with concentration of cells used in the encapsulation.
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