Judul: Cost Structure and Income of Cattle Breeding Business in Palon  Village, Jepon District, Blora Regency
Abstrak: Kegiatan usaha pembibitan sapi potong di Desa Palon, Kecamatan Jepon, Kabupaten Blora masih menjadi usaha sampingan. Pemeliharaan sapi potong hanya untuk kepentingan investasi atau tabungan. Hal ini berpengaruh terhadap bagaimana peternak mengelola usaha peternakannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur biaya dan pendapatan dari usaha pembibitan sapi potong di Desa Palon, Kecamatan Jepon, Kabupaten Blora. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah 30 peternak yang menjalankan usaha pembibitan sapi potong. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dan data primer dengan menggunakan pendekatan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif, struktur biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan, dan analisis R/C. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan atas biaya total dan penghasilan bersih (net farm earnings) bernilai negatif dengan R/C atas biaya total sebesar 0,61., The activity of beef cattle breeding in Palon Village, Jepon District, Blora Regency is still considered a sideline business. The maintenance of beef cattle is only for investment or savings purposes. This has an impact on how farmers manage their livestock business. The aim of this research is to analyze the cost and income structure of beef cattle breeding in Palon Village, Jepon District, Blora Regency. The sample for this research consists of 30 farmers engaged in beef cattle breeding. This study utilizes both secondary and primary data and employs a qualitative descriptive analysis method, cost structure analysis, revenue analysis, income analysis, and R/C analysis. The research results indicate that the income over total costs and net farm earnings have negative values with an R/C (ratio of 0.61.
Keyword: Beef cattle, Breeding, Cost structure, Income, R/C analysis

Judul: Impact of Breeder Groups Membership on Beef Cattle Fattening Livestock Business Income in East Java Province
Abstrak: Sebanyak 90% produksi daging sapi nasional berasal dari peternakan rakyat. Pendapatan dari usaha peternakan penggemukan sapi potong menjadi salah satu sumber pendapatan bagi peternak terutama yang masih berskala kecil dan memiliki luas lahan pertanian yang sempit. Kelompok peternak menjadi salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan kompetensi peternak yang dapat berdampak pada peningkatan pendapatan yang diperoleh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak keanggotaan kelompok peternak terhadap pendapatan peternak penggemukan sapi potong. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Peternakan Tahun 2014 yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara kuantitatif dengan analisis pendapatan dan propensity score matching (PSM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok peternak tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap pendapatan usaha peternakan penggemukan sapi potong di Jawa Timur., As much as 90% of national beef production comes from smallholder farms. Income from fattening beef cattle is a source of income for breeders, especially those that are still on a small scale and have a narrow agricultural land area. Breeder groups are one of the attempts to increase the competence of breeders so that it can have an impact on increasing the income earned. This study aims to analyze the effect of breeder groups membership on the income of beef cattle fattening farmers. The data used is secondary data from the “Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Peternakan Tahun 2014” sourced from the Badan Pusat Statistik of East Java Province. Data processing was carried out quantitatively with income analysis and Propensity Score Matching (PSM). The results showed that farmer groups had no significant effect on beef cattle fattening income in East Java.
Keyword: beef cattle, income, livestock group, propensity score matching

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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