Judul: Pertumbuhan Sapi Friesian Holstein Dan Limousin Betina Berdasarkan Morfometrik Dengan Menggunakan Citra Digital
Abstrak: Penelitian mengenai citra digital telah dilakukan sebagai metode untuk mengukur dimensi tubuh, menentukan bobot tubuh, dan pertumbuhan ternak. Tujuan dari penelitian ini diantaranya untuk membandingkan metode pengukuran tubuh sapi, yaitu secara manual dan menggunkan citra digital, menentukan koefisien pertumbuhan relatif sapi Friesian Holstein (FH) dan Limousin betina, dan membandingkan ukuran dan dimensi tubuh kedua bangsa sapi tersebut. Pengukuran karakteristik morfometrik sapi FH dan Limousin betina yang digunakan merupakan hasil dari perhitungan citra digital. Ternak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas 53 ekor sapi FH dan 63 sapi Limousin betina. Pengukuran dimensi tubuh dilakukan secara langsung (manual) dengan menggunakan alat ukur pada performa umum tubuh, sumbu tubuh, alat gerak depan dan alat gerak belakang sapi. Data pengukuran dimensi linear kerangka tubuh yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan uji-t, sedangkan pertumbuhan relatif sapi dilakukan melalui analisis perhitungan dengan persamaan alometrik menurut Huxley Y=aXb. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran tubuh sapi dengan menggunakan kedua metode tersebut tidak berbeda nyata dan metode pengukuran secara digital memiliki koefisien keragaman yang lebih rendah daripada pengukuran manual. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut metode pengukuran secara digital dapat diaplikasikan dalam pengukuran morfometrik. Koefisien pertumbuhan relatif dimensi linear kerangka tubuh sapi FH dan Limousin memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan. Perbedaan tersebut terdapat pada panjang tulang thoraxic vertebrae, radius-ulna, metatarsus, dan jarak antar tulang ischium. Metatarsus merupakan tulang yang paling dini tumbuh pada sapi FH, sedangkan yang paling lambat terdapat pada jarak antar tulang coxae. Pada sapi Limousin, metacarpus merupakan tulang yang paling dini tumbuh, dan tulang cervicalis vertebrae merupakan tulang yang paling lama umbuh. Karakteristik morfometrik sapi FH dan Limousin menunjukkan bahwa FH memiliki ukuran kerangka tubuh yang lebih besar daripada Limousin namun memiliki bobot tubuh yang lebih rendah. Perbedaan bangsa menyebabkan perbedaan dalam performa morfologi. FH memiliki tulang thoraxic vertebrae, tinggi badan, jarak antar tulang ischium dan jarak tulang coxae ischium yang lebih panjang. Sedangkan sapi Limousin memiliki tulang cervicalis vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, dan tulang scapula yang lebih panjang daripada FH.
Keyword: alometrik, citra digital, dimensi tubuh, Friesian Holstein, Limousin

Judul: Pengukuran Morfometrik Tubuh Sapi Friesian Holstein dan Sapi Simmental dengan Metode Citra Digital
Abstrak: Pengukuran morfometrik secara citra digital dilakukan sebagai metode untuk mengukur dimensi tubuh, bobot tubuh, dan pertumbuhan ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu membandingkan morfometrik tubuh antara sapi simmental dan sapi perah FH menggunakan metode citra digital. Ternak yang digunakan yaitu sapi perah FH dan sapi Simmental masing-masing sebanyak 15 ekor berjenis kelamin betina dengan kisaran umur 2-3 tahun (I₂). Indikator yang diamati adalah vertebrae carvicalis, vertebrae thoracicae, vertebrae lumbales, vertebrae sacrales, scapula, humerus, radius-ulna, metacarpale, femur, panjang os tibia- fibulla, panjang os metatarsale, jarak coxae-ischium, panjang badan, lingkar dada, tinggi badan, dalam dada, dan tinggi pinggul. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka sapi FH dan sapi Simmental menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Perbedaan tersebut terdapat pada panjang vertebrae cervicales, vertebrae thoracicae, vertebrae lumbales, vertebrae sacrales, radius-ulna, femur, tibia-fibulla, metatarsalia I-V, panjang badan, tinggi badan, dan tinggi hip. Karakteristik morfometrik Sapi FH menunjukkan bahwa sapi FH memiliki badan yang lebih tinggi dan jenjang tetapi dalam dada yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sapi simmental, Digital image morphometric measurements were carried out as a method for measuring body dimensions. The objective of this study was to compare morphometric measurements between simmental cows and FH cows using digital image methods. The experiment used 15 FH and Simmental cows each, aged 2-3 years old (I₂). The parameters observed included the length of vertebrae carvicalis, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, scapula, humerus, radius ulna, metacarpal, os femoris, os tibia-fibula and metatarsal bones, the distance between os coxae and os ischium, body length, chest depth, withers height, and hip height. The data obtained were then analyzed by t-test. The results showed that the skeletons of FH and Simmental cattle showed significant differences. These differences are found in the length of the cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, radius-ulna, femur, tibia-fibula, metatarsalia I V, body length, body height, and hip height. The results showed that based on morphometric measurements, FH cows had obviously higher wither height, but lower chest depth compared to simmental cows
Keyword: Digital image, FH dairy cattle, Morphometric, Simmental cattle

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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