Judul: Quality and Fertility of Local Chicken Spermatozoa in Semen Diluent Supplemented with Monosaccharide and Olive Oil
Abstrak: Artificial insemination (AI) can improve the productivity of a chicken. One of the factors that can determine the success of the AI in chickens are semen quality. The semen quality depends on the process of storage (preservation), therefore the need of semen diluent that can ensure the survival of spermatozoa for preservation. The aim of this study was to find the best monosaccharide and level of olive oil in ringer's lactate yolk diluent that could maintain the quality of local chicken spermatozoa. This research consisted of three stage, namely (I) Examination different monosaccharides on semen diluent to sentul kampung crossbreed (SK) spermatozoa motility and viability, (II) Determination of the level/concentration of extra virgin olive oil on the quality of SK chicken spermatozoa, and (III) Examination spermatozoa fertility and fertile period of sentul, kampung, and SK chicken by using a ringer lactate diluent supplemented with monosaccharides and olive oil. Semen was collected using the massage method. Source of semen was used for the first and the second stage coming from SK chicken while the third stage coming from three breeds of chicken, namely sentul, kampung, and SK. The first stage using ringer's lactate egg yolk diluent supplemented with different monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, xylose, and mannose) as a treatment. The second stage using ringer’s lactate egg yolk diluent supplemented with the best monosaccharides from stage I, supplementation with different levels of olive oil (0%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) used as a treatment. The third stage was fertility test of the best diluent from two previous study by artificial insemination in to hens. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) method with 12 repetitions (the first and the second stage) and 3 repetitions (the third stage). Data analyzed used analysis of variance (ANOVA), then if found differences between treatment continued with Duncan test. The parameters were observed in the first stage and the second stage is spermatozoa motility and viability, while fertility and fertile period spermatozoa were observed in the third stage. The results of the first stage showed no difference on the monosaccharides; glucose, fructose, xylose, and mannose on motility and viability of SK chicken spermatozoa during 60 hours of storage. Descriptively motility and viability of spermatozoa in ringer’s lactate supplemented with fructose higher than other. Base on our finding on the first stage, fructose was choose as energy source for the second stage. Liquid semen was good quality in this research, it can be seem on the spermatozoa motility was stored during 60 hour between 48.3% to 55.42% with viability between 58.59% to 64.83%. The high quality of chicken liquid semen in this research was caused by the composition of the diluent and monosaccharide used could support the vitality of the spermatozoa. The results of the second stage in this research showed that supplementation of 8% olive oil was resulted in spermotozoa motility and viability of SK chicken better than others during 60 hours of storage, this fact that ringer lactate yolk diluent supplemented with fructose and 8% of olive oil was used in the third stage. Olive oil contains a
Keyword: chicken semen, monosaccharide, olive oil

Judul: Kriopreservasi Semen Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) Menggunakan Pengencer Tris-kuning telur dan Tris-soya dengan Modifikasi Karbohidrat dan Krioprotektan Berbeda
Abstrak: Artificial Insemination (AI) is known as a technology to improve the genetic quality of goats in Indonesia. AI in goat is still limited in its practical use; this is related to a variety of constraints, which one of those would be the guarded quality of frozen semen. The quality of frozen semen is determined by various factors, including the freezing techniques, the diluents and cryoprotectants. Buck frozen semen produced by AI centers usually use Tris-egg yolk (TEY) diluent. Egg yolk of animal origin has been recognized as a highly potential media allowing transfer microorganism to female tract through AI. Therefore, some research studies have been focusing to find another diluents using soy extract as an alternative of diluent. Preservation of buck semen using soy extract contains plant phospolipid has not been well studied. Dissacharide (trehalose) or trissacharide (raffinose) acts as an energy source as well as an extracellular cryoprotectants in diluents of frozen semen; these would aid in protecting the sperm during freezing process. Dimethylformamide (DMF) has smaller molecules than glycerol may act as a beneficial cryoprotectant when it is added into the diluents, showing a better effect in protecting the sperm membrane during freezing. This study was conducted in two steps: 1) Preserved liquid semen using tris-egg yolk (TEY) and tris-soya (TS) diluents with either trehalose and raffinose supplementation; 2) Produced frozen semen using TEY and TS with supplementation of the combination showing the best results in step 1. Both diluents used DMF and glycerol as the cryoprotectants. Semen were collected from three sexually mature bucks using artificial vagina, evaluated and divided into six aliquot treatment groups. Each of aliquot diluted with TEY and TS supplemented with 50 mM trehalose or raffinose, which contain 50x106 sperm concentration per 0.2 mL volume. All of them kept in refrigerator in 5°C. The progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane intact (PMI) were evaluated every 12 hours up to the time when only 50% of sperm display motility. The combination of trehalose or raffinose based showing the best results in analysis during the step 1 was added with TEY and TS diluents, supplemented with glycerol and DMF cryoprotectants in frozen semen process. Extended semen were kept in minitub straw, containing 100x106 sperm/0.25 mL. Equilibration time was 4 hours in 5°C, then freeze in N2 vaporated for 10 minutes in styrofoam box. The result showed that semen quality from three bucks were good, such as the average of volume was 1.29±0.21 mL, creamy and thick in consistency. The concentration was 3608.33±657.70x106/mL, motility was 77.78±2.56%, viability was 85.13±4.38%, PMI was 77.72±3.52% and abnormality was 7.51±2.88%. The motility of sperm kept in liquid semen diluents, TEY supplemented with trehalose or raffinose gave better result, it can be maintained sperm motility up to 50% for 72-84 hours, compared to TS diluent (48-60 hours) (P<0.05). TEY diluent supplemented with trehalose can maintained sperm motility longer (52.82±3.21%) for 84 hours, compared to raffinose supplementation (51.78±4.41%) and control (51.11±4.86%) for 72 hours. The viability of sperm evaluation showed 6-9% higher than sperm motility percentage, while the percentage of PMI gave similar percentage
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Judul: Perencanaan lanskap permukiman untuk mitigasi Bencana gempa bumi Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan yang terletak diantara beberapa patahan lempeng benua yaitu lempeng Eurasia dan lempeng Filipina di sebelah utara, lempeng Australia di bagian selatan, dan lempeng Pasifik di bagian timur kepulauan. Hal ini mengakibatkan Indonesia menjadi salah satu kawasan dengan zona seismic tertinggi di dunia. Pada tanggal 2 September 2009 terjadi gempa bumi berkekuatan 7,3 Skala Richter dengan episentrum yang berada di Samudera Indonesia di sebelah selatan Tasikmalaya. Gelombang gempa merambat hingga Bandung, Cianjur dan Sukabumi. Salah satu kawasan yang terkena dampak paling parah akibat gelombang gempa ini adalah Kecamatan Pangalengan di Kabupaten Bandung. Berdasarkan data statistik Badan Nasional Penanggulangan Bencana, Kecamatan Pangalengan mengalami kerusakan paling parah dari total 29 kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Bandung. Selanjutnya dari 13 desa yang ada di Kecamatan Pangalengan, hampir semua bangunan di desa-desa tersebut mengalami kerusakan akibat gempa termasuk sarana infrastruktur penting seperti Puskesmas dan sekolah.
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