Judul: Heat Unit Establishment as Measurable Harvest Criteria for Raja Bulu Banana (Musa sp. AAB Group)
Abstrak: Pisang merupakan buah klimakterik sehingga penting untuk menentukan waktu panen yang tepat dan terukur dengan mangakumulasikan satuan panas yang diterima tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi akumulasi satuan panas 1400 ˚C hari sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Raja Bulu. Penandaan tanaman dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan IPB Sukamantri dengan elevasi 520 meter di atas permukaan laut (m dpl) pada bulan Januari hingga Februari 2023 serta pengujian kualitas buah dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2023 di Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu perbedaan waktu antesis dengan lima perlakuan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa akumulasi satuan panas ±1400 ˚C hari setelah antesis dapat dijadikan sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Raja Bulu dengan umur simpan buah 8–13 hari setelah panen. Perbedaan waktu antesis tidak mempengaruhi komponen hasil produksi, laju respirasi, kualitas fisik, serta kualitas kimia pisang Raja Bulu pada stadia kematangan pascapanen yang sama., Banana is a climacteric fruit, that is why determining the correct and measurable of harvest time are important and we can do with accumulating heat units received by plants. The objectives of this research were to evaluated the heat unit accumulation of 1400°C day after anthesis as a criteria for measurable harvest of Raja Bulu banana. Plant tagging was started from January to February 2023 at the Experimental Garden of IPB Sukamantri (520 meters above sea level) and postharvest observation was started from October to December2023 in the Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with a single factor, time of anthesis, which consisted of five treatments. The experimental results showed that the accumulation of heat units of ±1400°C days can be used as a reference to determine the harvest time of Raja Bulu banana with a shelf life ranging from 8–13 days after anthesis. The difference in the time of anthesis on Raja Bulu banana harvested did not affect the harvest character, respiration rate, physical quality of the fruit, and chemical quality of the fruit at the same postharvest maturity level.
Keyword: anthesis, chemical quality, physical quality, postharvest, shelf life

Judul: Optimization of Heat Unit as the Measurable Harvest Criteria of Tanduk Banana (Musa eumusa AAB)
Abstrak: Konsumen dalam membeli pisang mempertimbangkan kualitas fisik dan kualitas kimia. Umur panen yang tepat perlu diperhatikan untuk menghasilkan buah yang berkualitas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan untuk mengkaji akumulasi satuan panas yang tepat sebagai kriteria panen terukur pisang Tanduk serta pengaruhnya terhadap mutu fisik dan kimia pada tingkat kematangan pascapanen yang sama. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sukamantri, Bogor, Jawa Barat dan Laboratorium Pascapanen, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor sejak bulan Desember 2021 sampai April 2022. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 ulangan untuk menguji 7 umur panen: 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 hari setelah antesis (HSA). Hasil percobaan menunjukkan pisang Tanduk yang dipanen pada umur panen 70-100 HSA di Kebun Percobaan Sukamantri dengan satuan panas 1035-1444 ˚C hari tidak mempengaruhi komponen produksi, komponen fisik, laju repirasi, dan kualitas kimia pada tingkat kematangan pascapanen yang sama kecuali PTT dan rasio PTT/ATT., Consumers in buying bananas consider the physical quality and chemical quality. Proper harvest age needs to be considered to produce quality fruit. Proper harvest age needs to be considered to produce quality fruit. This research was conducted to examine the accumulation of appropriate heat units as a measurable harvest criterion of Tanduk banana and its effect on physical and chemical quality at the same postharvest maturity. The experiment was carried out at the Sukamantri Experimental Garden, Bogor, West Java and the Postharvest Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University from December 2021 to April 2022. This experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with 3 replications to test 7 harvest ages: 70, 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 days after anthesis (DAA). The experimental results showed that the Tanduk banana harvested at 70-100 DAA at the Sukamantri Experimental Garden with a unit heat of 1035-1444 ˚C day did not affect the production components, physical components, respiration rate, and chemical quality at the same postharvest maturity. except PTT and PTT/ATT ratio.
Keyword: Anthesis, Heat unit, Postharvest, Respiration rate, Storage life

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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