Judul: Studi Risiko Satwa Liar Dilindungi sebagai Hasil Tangkap Sampingan Aktivitas Perikanan Skala Kecil di Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar
Abstrak: Dugong dan penyu merupakan spesies yang terancam punah dan dilindungi (endangered, threatened and protected species) yang tren populasinya menurun. Salah satu ancamannya adalah sebagai hasil tangkapan sampingan (HTS) (bycatch) aktivitas perikanan skala kecil. Aktivitas perikanan skala kecil lebih sulit untuk dipantau dan dikelola sehingga bycatch lebih sulit untuk dikendalikan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk; (1) mengetahui keberadaan hewan dilindungi yaitu dugong dan penyu; (2) aktivitas perikanan skala kecil yang berlangsung di Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar; (3) dan mengukur risiko terntangkapnya dugong dan penyu sebagai HTS. Kuesioner DSCP digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data frekuensi kejadian satwa terdampar/terjerat API (Alat Penangkap Ikan), aktivitas perikanan nelayan, serta data penanganan satwa yang terdampar/terjerat API. Risiko HTS ditentukan berdasarkan kombinasi probabilitas penggunaan API serta perjumpaan dugong dan penyu yang dilaporkan nelayan di 14 titik pemantauan. Frekuensi kejadian penyu menjadi HTS lebih tinggi dibandingkan dugong, sedangkan jaring insang (gill net) merupakan API yang mendominasi perikanan skala kecil di Kecamatan Bontosikuyu. Risiko tinggi yang diidentifikasi pada penelitian ini bersifat kualitatif, yang penilaiannya diperoleh dari aktivitas perikanan skala kecil dengan penggunaan API tertentu yang intensif di lokasi yang menjadi habitat spesies dilindungi (dugong dan penyu) di perairan Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar, khususnya penggunaan jaring insang sedangkan data jumlah populasi kedua jenis satwa tersebut masih belum tersedia untuk mengukur lebih spesifik nilai risiko maupun upaya mitigasi., Dugongs and turtles are endangered, threatened, and protected species whose populations are declining, since they are becoming bycatch in small-scale fisheries (SSF). Monitoring and managing bycatch in SSF are still difficult to execute. The purpose of this research is to; (1) Observe the existence of dugongs and turtles; (2) SSF activities in Selayar Regency; (3) and measuring the risk of bycatch of dugongs and turtles. The DSCP questionnaire was used to collect data on incidents of stranding/entangled animals by fishing gears, fishermen's fishing activities, and data on handling animals stranded/entangled by the gears. The bycatch risk is determined based on a combination of the probability using the API and encounters of dugongs and turtles reported by fishermen at 14 monitoring points. The frequency of incidents of turtles becoming bycatch is higher than dugongs, while gill nets are the API that dominates. The high risks identified are qualitative, which are obtained from SSF activities with the intensive use of certain APIs in locations that are protected wildlife habitats (dugongs and turtles) in Selayar Regency, especially the use of gill nets while the data of the number populations of these two species are still not available to measure more specifically the value of risk or mitigation efforts.
Keyword: bycatch, dugong, risk, small-scale fisheries, turtles

Judul: Sharks and Rays Bycatch in Small Fisheries in Kebumen  Waters, Central Java
Abstrak: Minimnya pendataan hiu dan pari telah menjadi isu penting mengingat jumlah penangkapannya yang terus meningkat saat populasinya terus berkurang. Hal tersebut juga terjadi di PPI Karangduwur dan PPI Argopeni. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan unit penangkapan dan hasil tangkapan gillnet, mengidentifikasi jenis hiu dan pari serta mengklasifikasikan status konservasinya, dan mengevaluasi parameter biologinya (panjang dan berat). Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan deskriptif komparatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa unit penangkapan ikan yang ada di perairan Kebumen mayoritas menggunakan alat tangkap gillnet dengan kapal 1-2GT. Selain itu, terdapat 4 jenis hiu dan 6 jenis pari yang didaratkan. Hiu dan pari yang ditemukan berada pada status critically endangered (CR), endangered (EN), vulnerable (VU), dan near threatened (NT) yang terdiri dari Chiloscyllium indicum 72 ekor, Sphyrna lewini 8 ekor, Carcharhinus limbatus sebanyak 68 ekor, dan Atelomycterus marmoratus 30 ekor. Sedangkan pari terdiri dari Hemitrygon akajei 809 ekor, Gymnura marmorata 359 ekor, Manta birostis 8 ekor, Rhinobatus typus 71 ekor, Aetobatus ocellatus 69 ekor, dan Rhinoptera bonasus 78 ekor. Mayoritas hiu dan pari yang tertangkap masih dalam kategori tidak layak tangkap., The minimum data on sharks and rays has become an important issue, considering the catches are increasing while their populations decrease. This also happened at PPI Karangduwur and PPI Argopeni. This research aims to describe fishing units and gillnet catches, identify and classify the conservation status of sharks and rays, and evaluate their biological parameters (length and weight). The analysis used is descriptive analysis and comparative descriptive. The research results showed that most fishing units in Kebumen waters use gillnet with 1-2GT fishing boats. There were 4 types of sharks and 6 types of rays. The sharks and rays found are in status critically endangered (CR), endangered (IN), vulnerable (VU), then near threatened (NT), which consists of 72 Chiloscyllium indicus, 8 Sphyrna lewini, Carcharhinus limbatus as many as 68 tails, and Atelomycterus marmoratus 30. While stingrays consist of Hemitrygon akajei, Gymnura marmorata, Manta birostis, Rhinobatus typus, Aetobatus ocellatus, and Rhinoptera bonasus as many as 809, 358, 8, 71, 69 and 78 respectively. The majority of sharks and rays caught are still in the below Length of Maturity.
Keyword: hasil tangkapan sampingan, hiu, jaring insang, pari, PPI Kebumen, bycatch, gillnet, sharks, rays

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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