Judul: Dampak Perubahan Iklim dan Adaptasi Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan di Kabupaten Sigi, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of countries that has the largest forest area in the world after Brazil and Congo. The rate of deforestation in Indonesia according to the Departement of Forestry (2007) reaches 1,08 million hectares per year. Deforestation and degradation is the of causes of Greenhouse Gases (GHGs) because according to Brown (1997) almost 50% of forest vegetation composed by the element carbon. Climate change impact on natutal resources and people’s lives mainly those whose livelihoods depend on natural resources (Sylvani and Sakuntaladewi 2010). The adverse effects of climate change force people to adapt according to the an understanding of climate change. Adaptation is the act of adjusting the natural and social systems as a response to climate change and variability (Herawaty and Santoso 2007). This study aims determine people’s understanding of climate change, kind of impact by climate change and adaptation by local forest communities to climate change based on phenomenon of climate change felt by local forest communities. The data in this research were collected through observation and interviews the respondents in the local forest communities that are selected using purposive sampling method. Besides, information was collected through literature review of some secondary data obtained from local goverment offices. The amount of respondents was interview in this research are 30 people from Toro Village and 30 people from Omu Village. The data showed that people’s in both village didn’t know the term climate change, but the people’s know there has been a change of seasons is one of the components of the climate. The impact of climate change perceived people directly and indirectly. Climate change resulted in a shift in season calendar leading to decreased agricultural production and caused disasters such as floods and landslides. The impact of climate change that occorred in anticipation of the reactive and proactive. Reactive adaptation is done by making changes such as the crops in certain seasons and making irrigation canals. Proactive adaptations is performed by keeping local wisdom to preserve the balance of nature and to prevent disasters that arise in the future.
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Judul: Pemetaan Kerentanan Masyarakat terhadap Perubahan Iklim dan Adaptasi Berbasis Ekosistem Hutan (Studi Kasus: DAS Ciliwung)
Abstrak: Climate change is hot issue now. It impacts global ecosystem change. Ciliwung Watershed is one of degradation watershed in Indonesia. Ciliwung Watershed is vulnerable to climate change, especially precipitation and temperature. It affects the social vulnerability at Ciliwung Watershed. There are three characteristic of vulnerability. They are exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity. The aim of this research was to evaluate vulnerability of societies to climate change at Ciliwung Watershed. To achieve this goal used Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Geography Information System (GIS). The research produced that vulnerability of societies at Ciliwung Watershed different spatially. The vulnerability of societies at Lower Ciliwung Watershed classified in class intermediate with index was 0.94. Upper and Middle Ciliwung Watershed classified in class low with index were 0.16 and 0.11. In addition, adaptation to climate change was gaining important because climate change could not be totally avoided. Forest ecosystem deliver ecosystem services that vital for people and contribute to reducing the vulnerability of societies to climate change. Therefore, forest ecosystem can be one of strategic adaptation to climate change. Adaptation base on forest ecosystem give multiple benefit and cheap cost. The strategic adaptation base on forest ecosystem can be managed with sustainable forest management. The implications of these result show that we have to conserve and rehabilitate our forest ecosystem.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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