Judul: Polimorfisme gen Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I (IGF-1) dan gen Pituitary Positive Transcription Factor-1 (Pit-1) serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ayam lokal di Indonesia
Abstrak: Conservation in poultry genetic variation is necessary to maintain specific traits in poultry that may be utilized in the future. Morphologic measurement is one of the identification methods on genetic variation in Indonesian local chicken breeds. This study is expected to give a result on data acquisition on body weight and other morphologic character of local chicken breeds at several ages, therefore, the data can be applied to poultry selection. Local chicken growth is known to be low compared to broiler chicken. Growth is dependent on genetic and environmental factors; several genes controlling growth have been thoroughly studied. IGF-1 and Pit-1 genes are among the group of growth genes that have been recently draw attention for thorough research. Those genes play role in somatic growth, i.e., muscle, bone, epithelial and fibroblast cells. Those genes as well control production of growth and prolactin hormone. Therefore this study was designed to explore IGF-1 and Pit-1 genes in accordance with growth in Indonesia endogenous chickens. Local and broiler chickens were the object of this study which applied two steps of analyses. First, phenotypic variation by measuring morphologic characters, such as body weight, length of shank, length of beak, breast width, back width, and breast perimeter. Second, polymorphic analysis in IGF-1 and Pit-1 genes. Genotyping using PCR-RFLP - restriction enzyme Pst-1 was carried out on each individuals of local and broiler chickens. This study also attempted in correlating phenotypic and genotypic analyses. Results of this study indicated body weight and other morphologic characters of eight weeks-broiler chicken were higher than those of local chicken races (P<0.01). Among local chickens at the age of 28 weeks, pelung was the highest in morphologic characters compared to kedu, sentul, and kampong. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) on chicken morphologic characters of eight week age resulted in three clusters, i.e., broilers, pelung, and kedu, kampong and sentul. On the other hand, the analysis on 28 week aged-chickens resulted in two clusters, pelung and kedu, kampong and sentul. Similarity index of kampong was 64.70%, as it was influenced by composite index of kedu (17.70%) and sentul (17.60%). Similarity index of sentul was 71.40%, influenced by composite index of kampong 28.60 %. Kedu has similarity index of 81.20%, influenced by kampong 18.80%. Similarity index of pelung was the highest (100%), it was not dependent on composite index of other chickens. Discriminant variable on local chicken contributed significantly on back length 0.924 (canonical-1) and breast perimeter 0.870 (canonical-2), its canocial structure value was relatively high. IGF-1 gen composed three genotypes (AA, AB, and BB) in broiler chickens, while that of local chickens was two genotypes (AA and AB). Body weight in all races of chickens at entire ages with AA genotypes was lower compared to chickens with AB genotypes. Body weight of sentul, kedu, and kampong at the ages of one to five months was not significantly different, in spite of the two different genotypes (AA and AB). Back length and breast perimeter of pelung ((P<0.05) were higher compared to sentul, kedu, and kampong, regardless genotyping (AA and AB). . Pit-1 gene in exon
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1) Pada Ayam Lokal Dan Ras Pedaging Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Identification of gene diversity is closely related on production levels. One of the genes that suspected to have an influence on the nature of growth is the insulin-like growth Factor I (IGF-1). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and polymerase chain reaction allows the identification of genetic diversity directly at the DNA level. This study aims to identify the diversity of IGF-1 and find out the variation of genes at several native chicken and broiler. Total number of samples were 100 heads from are native chicken and broiler chicken. Native chicken that consists of four types : 15 kampoeng chickens, 16 kedu chickens, 15 sentul chickens and 15 pelung chickens, 23 arab chickens, and 16 broiler chickens. Using PCR-RFLP method by Pst1 restriction enzyme. Genotyping the IGF-1 gene resulted in two alleles, namely A and B, with three genotypes, namely AA, AB dan BB. The average frequency of the A allele followed by native chickens and broiler chickens was higher (0.68) than the B allele (0.32). AA genotype had the highedt average frequency (0.56) than the AB genotype (0.40) and the BB genotype (0.04). Chi-Square analysis showed that kampoeng chickens, kedu chickens, sentul chickens, pelung chickens, and broiler chickens were in Hardy-weinberg (HW) equilibrium (X2 < X2(0.05)), contrast to arab chickens (X2 > X2(0.05)). The sixth type of chicken has a low heterozygosity values. The closest kinship exists between populations kedu chicken and chicken Sentul at 0.395, and the farthest are the populations of broiler chickens and that is equal to 0.979.
Keyword: genetic polymorphism, IGF-I, broiler chicken, native chickens

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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