Judul: Karakteristik Mikrobiologi Kefir Susu Kambing dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Kulit Manggis
Abstrak: Kefir is one of the fermented milk products. The addition of mangosteen pericarp extract as source of antioxidant was aimed to increase the functionality of fermented milk products. The purpose of this research was to study the microbiological characteristics of goat’s milk kefir with the addition of different level (0%, 1%, 2%, and 3%) of mangosteen pericarp. The extract of mangosteen pericarp was purchased from PT. Haldin Pacific Semesta. The results showed that the addition of mangosteen pericarp extract did not affect significantly on total lactic bacteria, total plate count and total coliform, but it affected significantly on total mold and yeast. Total lactic acid bacteria in kefir decreased from kefir grain and bulk starter of kefir, but those population still meet with standard of microorganisms in prebiotic which is 107 cfu/ml.
Keyword: kefir, extract of mangosteen pericarp

Judul: Sifat Kimia dan Total Bakteri Asam Laktat Kefir Susu Kambing dengan Penambahan ekstrak Buah Merah (Pandanus Conoideus Lam.).
Abstrak: Kefir merupakan produk fermentasi yang memiliki rasa, warna dan konsistensi yang mirip dengan yogurt serta memiliki aroma yeasty yang khas. Susu kambing dipilih karena tidak mengandung senyawa β-laktoglobulin sehingga tidak menyebabkan alergi, oleh karena itu ekstrak buah merah dapat digunakan sebagai aditif dalam makanan untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi, dan bekerja sebagai antimikroba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji sifat kimiawi dan total bakteri asam laktat pada kefir susu kambing dengan penambahan buah merah. Penambahan buah merah sebesar 0%, 2,5%, 5% dari total ekstrak buah merah dalam pembuatan kefir, analisis kimia yang diamati adalah persentase protein total, lemak total, kadar air, kadar abu dan total asam yang dititrasi. Analisis mikrobiologi yang diamati adalah total bakteri asam laktat. Rancangan analisis statistik yang diujikan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (ANOVA) dengan perlakuan penambahan ekstrak buah merah pada konsentrasi yang berbeda dengan tiga kali ulangan yaitu pertama tanpa penambahan buah merah atau kefir 100% sebagai kontrol; penambahan kedua ekstrak buah merah 2,5%; penambahan ketiga ekstrak buah merah 5%. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan persentase penambahan ekstrak buah merah pada formula kefir susu kambing tidak berpengaruh nyata (P > 0,05) terhadap semua analisa kimia dan total BAL.
Keyword: goat milk, kefir, red fruit

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm