Judul: Analisis Volatilitas Harga Daging Sapi Potong dan Daging Ayam Broiler di Indonesia
Abstrak: Beef consumption needs of Indonesian population tends to increase with the increasing number of the population and public awareness of the importance of animal protein. Meanwhile the price of beef cattle and broiler meat are fluctuative. The value of volatility describes how much the level of risk that will be faced in the future. Fluctuations in the price of beef cattle and broiler meat can be caused by a the unequilibrium of supply and demand. The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze the price forecast of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia, (2) to identify factors that affect the price volatility of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia, and (3) to identify alternative strategies related to the price volatility of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia. This research used secondary data with the time series form in period February 2003 to February 2013. In this research ARCH-GARCH is used to analyze the price volatility of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia. This analysis show that the price volatility of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia will be lower.
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Judul: Volatility Analysis of Broiler Meat and  Chicken Egg Prices in Indonesia
Abstrak: Broiler meat and eggs are ideal and affordable sources of animal protein. Price fluctuations will generate price volatility and affect society. Therefore, the price stability of broiler meat and eggs needs to be anticipated by the government to reduce risks and uncertainties that will harm producers and consumers of broiler meat and eggs. The purpose of this research is to analyze the price volatility of broiler meat and eggs in Indonesia. The data used was producer and consumer price data received from the Strategic Food Pricing Information Center. The research used daily time series data from March 2020 to May 2023. The analytic approach utilized was ARCH- GARCH with Eviews 9 software. The results showed that the best model for broiler meat price volatility were ARCH (2) for producer prices, and ARCH (1) for customer prices. Meanwhile, the best models for the volatility of chicken egg prices were GARCH (1,1) for producer prices and ARCH (1) for consumer prices. The results also show that the price of broiler meat at producers have low volatility, while consumer prices have high volatility. The prices of chicken eggs at both the producer and consumer levels have low volatility., Daging dan telur ayam adalah sumber protein hewani yang ideal dan terjangkau. Fluktuasi perubahan varians harga akan menyebabkan volatilitas harga dan berdampak pada masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, stabilitas harga daging dan telur ayam perlu dilakukan antisipasi oleh pemerintah untuk meminimalisir risiko dan ketidakpastian yang akan merugikan baik produsen maupun konsumen daging dan telur ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat volatilitas harga daging dan telur ayam ras pada tingkat produsen dan konsumen di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data harga produsen dan konsumen yang diperoleh dari Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis. Penelitian menggunakan data time series harian dari Maret 2020 sampai Mei 2023. Metode analisis yang dilakukan adalah Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH)- Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) dengan software Eviews 9. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model terbaik volatilitas harga daging ayam adalah ARCH (2) untuk harga di tingkat produsen, dan ARCH (1) harga di konsumen. Sementara itu, model terbaik volatilitas harga telur ayam adalah GARCH (1,1) untuk harga di tingkat produsen, dan ARCH (1) harga di konsumen. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa harga daging ayam di produsen memiliki volatilitas yang rendah, sedangkan harga konsumen memiliki volatilitas yang tinggi. Harga telur ayam baik di tingkat produsen dan konsumen sama-sama memiliki volatilitas yang rendah.
Keyword: ARCH-GARCH, daging ayam, telur ayam, volatilitas

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology