Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Pertambangan mineral merupakan sektor penting yang memberikan kontribusi signifikan bagi pendapatan nasional dan daerah sebagaimana juga untuk peningkatan kemakmuran masyarakat. Sebagian besar proses pengolahan bijih pada pertambangan mineral dilakukan dengan proses pengapungan yang menghasilkan konsentrat dan tailing (pasir sisa tambang). Pasir sisa tambang merupakan batuan alami yang halus yang tetap tersisa setelah pengambilan mineral (3-4%) yang mengandung tembaga, emas, perak dan mineral lainnya. Pasir sisa tambang tersebut terdiri atas 50 persen fraksi pasir halus dengan diameter 0,075 - 0,4 mm dan 50 persen berupa fraksi lempung dengan diameter kurang dari 0,075 mm. Pasir sisa tambang yang dialirkan melalui sungai harus dikelola secara tepat untuk mengurangi dampak lingkungan. Perubahan lingkungan di sekitar pertambangan dapat terjadi setiap saat, sehingga manajemen pengelolaan limbah yang efektif menjadi indikator keberlanjutan usaha pertambangan mineral.
Keyword: tailing management, sustainable development, soft system methodology, clean development mechanism, environmental impact analysis

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: North Sulawesi is the region in Sulawesi island that is very rich with the natural resource, especially in the gold minning. The gold minning in North Sulawesi has been done since the colonize age until today with the modem management or the traditional management. The impact of the community gold minning management are very danger for the environment. The objectives of this research are knowing the community gold minning system, the impact of the traditional gold rninning system to the environment and the social economic of the community. We hope that the result of this research will give the development system in based on the local natural resource pattern, the strategic of community gold minning system for the sustainable development to empowering the community from their natural resources. This research finds that the community gokJ minning give big impact to Mercury pollution in the indicator of tailing (55,161 ppm), soil (2,188 ppm), grass (1,468 ppm), water (0,070 ppm), sediment (2,599 ppm), fish (0,850 ppm}and shell (2,104 ppm) and these levels are higher than the standard level. In the social economic of the community the community gold rninning system give a good impact for empowering the community economic. for the income increase 8,9 times. This research ends with suggestion that the community gold minning system must use the ck>se system in the production process and the integrated region for the localization of the production house.
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Judul: Pengukuran Jantung Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) dengan Radiografi Toraks
Abstrak: This research was conducted to evaluate radiographs heart size of anaesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under different combination of ketamine and xylazine. The rabbits were divided into three groups. Group A were anaesthetized using a 35 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=5). Group B were anaesthetized using a 40 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3) while group C were anaesthetized using 45 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3). Parameter of observation from left laterolateral view were: 1) the apicobasilar length of the heart (AB), 2) the width of the heart (CD), 3) the distance between the cranial edge of the fifth rib and the caudal edge of the seventh rib perpendicular to the spine (R5-7), and 4) the vertical depth of the toraks (H). Parameter of observation from dorsoventral view were: 1) the length of the heart (L), 2) the width of the heart (W), and 3) the width of the thorax (T). The result from the heart parameters observation that were measured in left laterolateral view and dorsoventral view shows theres no significantly differ among the groups (P > 0.05). The vertebrae heart size (VHS) values obtained from the sum of the length of the long and the short axes on left laterolateral view. The long axes mean values (A) were 4.35±0.26 v and the short axes mean values (B) were 3.59±0.30 v, therefore VHS mean values were 7.94±0.49 v. On the dorsoventral view, the length of the heart mean values (L) were 4.32±0.29 cm, the width of the heart mean values (W) were 3.33±0.26 cm, and the width of the thorax mean values (T) were 5.85±0.30 cm. In normal conditions, the width of the heart should be less than two-thirds the width of the thorax and values obtained of 3.33<3.72 it shows that the heart is in the normal range. The best ratio to calculated the normal heart dimension in the left laterolateral view was compared the long axes with the vertical depth of the thorax, whereas in dorsoventral view, the length of the heart was compared with the width of the heart.
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