Judul: Mapping and Spatial Analysis of the Determinants of Food Security in Indonesia 2023
Abstrak: Sepanjang dibentuknya indeks ketahanan pangan (IKP) dari 2018, tercatat terjadi fluktuasi. Skor ketahanan pangan paling baik dicapai pada 2023. Secara umum, Indonesia bagian timur cenderung memiliki ketahanan pangan yang rendah, mengindikasikan variasi antara satu dengan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi ketahanan pangan Indonesia dan determinan yang memengaruhinya. Data yang digunakan meliputi pertumbuhan penduduk, produksi beras, harga beras, pengeluaran konsumsi beras, serta kecukupan konsumsi gizi dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2023. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis statistik deskriptif dan regresi dengan pendekatan Spatial Autoregressive Combined (SAC). Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi ketahanan pangan berdasarkan aspek utama dan turunannya. Kemudian, analisis regresi spasial memberikan hasil bahwa limpahan spasial signifikan, menunjukkan keterkaitan antarwilayah dalam ketahanan pangan. Produksi beras dan kecukupan konsumsi gizi berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan ketahanan pangan, sedangkan pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan ketahanan pangan., Throughout the establishment of the food security index (IKP) from 2018, there have been fluctuations. The best food security score was achieved in 2023. In general, the eastern part of Indonesia tends to have low food security, which shows the fluctuations from one region to another. This study aims to analyze the state of food security in Indonesia and the determinants that affect it. The data used include population growth, rice production, rice price, rice consumption expenditure, and food consumption from 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2023. The methods used include descriptive statistical analysis and Spatial Autoregressive Combined (SAC) regression. The mapping results show that there are variations in food security based on the main aspects and their derivatives. Then, the spatial regression analysis shows that spatial spillovers are significant, indicating inter-regional linkages in food security. Rice production and food consumption have a significant effect on improving food security, while population growth has a significant effect on reducing food security.
Keyword: Beras, ketahanan pangan, Food security, rice, spatial, efek langsung, efek tidak langsung, spasial, direct effects, indirect effects

Judul: Determinants of Food Security in The Rice-Producing Province in Indonesia for The 2019-2023 Period
Abstrak: Ketersediaan pangan yang melimpah seharusnya dapat menjamin ketahanan pangan suatu daerah karena kebutuhan pangan yang terpenuhi. Namun, provinsi penyumbang produksi padi di Indonesia belum dapat menjamin menjadi provinsi dengan ketahanan pangan paling baik. Hal ini disebabkan karena ketahanan pangan merupakan aspek multidimensi, sehingga ketahanan pangan suatu wilayah tidak dapat dicapai apabila hanya berfokus pada aspek ketersediaan pangan saja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan di provinsi penghasil padi di Indonesia selama periode 2019-2023. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif, dan regresi data panel menggunakan metode Fixed Effect Model. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa ketahanan pangan di provinsi penghasil padi Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh PDRB, jumlah produksi padi, IHK, jumlah penduduk, rumah tangga dengan akses air minum layak, dan pandemi Covid-19. Program Pemulihan Ekonomi Nasional (PEN) serta berbagai stimulus yang dijalankan Kementerian Pertanian telah mendukung peningkatan ketahanan pangan selama pandemi Covid-19., Abundant food availability should be able to guarantee food security in a region because food needs are met. However, the province that contributes the largest rice production in Indonesia cannot guarantee that it will be the province with the best food security. This is because food security is a multidimensional aspect, so food security in a region cannot be achieved if it only focuses on the aspect of food availability. This research aims to analyze the factors that influence food security in Indonesia’s largest rice-producing province during the 2019-2023 period. The analysis method used is descriptive, and panel data regression uses the Fixed Effect Model method. The analysis results show that food security in Indonesia's largest rice-producing province is influenced by GRDP, total rice production, CPI, population, households with access to adequate drinking water, and the Covid-19 pandemic. The National Economic Recovery Program (PEN) and various stimuli implemented by the Ministry of Agriculture have supported increasing food security during the Covid-19 pandemic.
Keyword: Panel Regression Analysis, covid-19, Food security, Rice Producing Provinces

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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