Judul: Perceptions, Atitudes, and Pest Management of the Community in Padang City towards Urban Pest
Abstrak: Seiring meningkatnya jumlah penduduk diperkotaan, pembangunan permukiman juga terus meningkat. Semakin banyak aktivitas manusia di suatu permukiman, maka semakin tinggi pula potensi kehadiran hama di permukiman tersebut. Aktivitas manusia seringkali bersinggungan dengan kehadiran hama di permukiman. Kehadiran hama di permukiman dapat berdampak langsung dan tidak langsung bagi manusia. Dampak langsungnya berupa kerusakan pada rumah, perabot, hingga peralatan rumah tangga lainnya, sedangkan kerusakan tidak langsung berupa peranan hama permukiman sebagai vektor penyakit pada manusia sehingga dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Berkaitan dengan keberadaan hama permukiman tersebut, maka penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai persepsi masyarakat terhadap hama permukiman serta metode pengendalian yang sering dilakukan oleh masyarakat. Metode penelitian berupa wawancara dengan masyarakat yang berdomisili di Kota Padang, Sumatra Barat. Responden dipilih dengan metode purposive sampling berdasarkan kategori domisili. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi masyarakat Kota Padang menilai kehadiran hama permukiman cukup meresahkan di lingkungan tempat tinggalnya. Hama permukiman yang paling banyak ditemukan di lingkungan permukiman Kota Padang antara lain nyamuk, semut, tikus, dan kecoa. Sementara itu, hama yang paling banyak dikendalikan adalah nyamuk dan tikus. Tindakan pengendalian hama umumnya dilakukan dengan cara fisik/mekanis, sanitasi lingkungan, dan pengendalian secara kimiawi. Pengendalian secara kimiawi masih menjadi pilihan utama bagi responden., The increasing of human population in urban centers has stimulated the construction of residential areas. The more human activities, the higher the level of pest presence in the settlement. The presence of urban pests might have both direct and indirect impacts on humans. The direct consequence caused damage to houses, furniture, and other household appliances, while the indirect damage is the emergence of health problems causes by pests that caused numerous diseases. This research has conducted through interviews with people who live in Padang City, West Sumatra. Sixty respondents were selected using the purposive sampling method. The perception of the respondent to urban pests is varied, but they commonly say that those pests were quite disturbing in their living environment. The most common urban pests found in residential areas of Padang City are mosquitoes, ants, rats, and cockroaches. The most pest controlled by the respondent are mosquitoes and rats. Pest control management is carried out by physical/mechanical means, environmental sanitation, and chemical control. Chemical control is still the primary choice for respondents.
Keyword: respondents, interview, urban pest control method, respondents, interview, urban pest control method

Judul: Knowledges, Attitudes, and Practices of Community Towards Urban Pest in Rembang, Central Java
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan penduduk telah menimbulkan permasalahan di beberapa sektor. Salah satunya adalah pembangunan daerah permukiman untuk tempat tinggal yang akan mengurangi habitat alami beberapa kelompok serangga dan non-serangga. Oleh karena itu, daerah permukiman sering terganggu oleh kehadiran hama dari kelompok serangga dan non-serangga. Hama tersebut di antaranya, tikus, nyamuk, rayap, kecoak, lalat, semut dan sebagainya. Permasalahan umum yang ditimbulkan oleh hama-hama tersebut sering berkaitan dengan kenyamanan, kesehatan, dan estetika. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan masyarakat khususnya di Kabupaten Rembang, Jawa Tengah terhadap kehadiran hama di permukiman. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode wawancara sebanyak 68 responden secara acak yang tersebar di empat kecamatan yaitu, Kecamatan Rembang, Kragan, Sarang, dan Lasem. Wawancara dilakukan menggunakan kuesioner terstruktur mengenai pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan responden terhadap hama permukiman. Berdasarkan hasil wawancara, mayoritas masyarakat menganggap kehadiran hama permukiman cukup mengganggu. Hama permukiman yang banyak ditemukan di empat lokasi survei adalah nyamuk (51,1%), tikus (22,4%), semut (10,7%), kecoak (6,2%), lalat (6,2%), laba-laba (2,1%), dan rayap (1,1%). Berbagai cara pengendalian dilakukan seperti penggunaan pestisida dan perangkap. Namun, mayoritas masyarakat menggunakan pestisida sebagai pilihan utama untuk mengendalikan hama permukiman., Population growth has caused problems in several sectors. One of them is development residential areas for residence which will reduce natural habitat of several groups of insects and non-insects. Therefore, residential areas are often disturbed by the presence of pests from insect and non-insect groups. These pests consist of rats, mosquitoes, termites, cockroaches, flies, ants, etc. Common problems caused by these pests are related to comfort, health and aesthetics. This study aims to determine the knowledges, attitudes and practices of the people in Rembang Regency, Central Java towards the presence of pests in settlements. This research was conducted by interviewing 68 respondents randomly spread over four sub districts namely Rembang, Kragan, Sarang, and Lasem. Interviews were conducted using a structured questionnaire regarding the knowledges, attitudes, and practices of community towards urban pests. Based on interviews, the community considered the presence of urban pests to be quite disturbing. Urban pests that were commonly found in the four survey locations were mosquitoes (51,1%), rats (22,4%), ants (10,7%), cockroaches (6,2%), spiders (2,1%), and termites (1,1%). Various methods of control are carried out such as the use of pesticides and traps. However, the majority of people used pesticides as the main choice in controlling urban pests.
Keyword: Interviews, Pesticides, Traps

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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