Judul: Morfologi dan Keragaman Genetik Labi-LAbi, Amyda cartilaginea (Testudines: Trionychidae) dari Bengkulu dan Palembang
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui morfologi dan keragaman genetik labi-labi, A. cartilaginea dari Bengkulu dan Palembang. Keragaman genetik dipelajari dengan menggunakan teknik elektroforesis protein Pengamatan morfologi meliputi pengukuran terhadap beberapa ukuran tubuh labi-labi, yaitu: berat badan, panjang lengkung karapas, lebar lengkung karapas, panjang plastron, lebar plastron, dan panjang ekor. Analisis keragaman genetik dengan menggunakan metode gel poliakrilamid horizontal dan gel pati. Protein Enzim yang diperiksa adalah albumin (Alb) transferin (Tf), seruloplasmin (Cp), esterase-D (Es-D), tetrazolium oksidase (TO), laktat dehidrogenase (Ldh), malat dehidrogenase (Mdh), sel esterase (CelEs) dan protein umum (Gp)
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Judul: Genetic Differentiation and Labi-Labi  Distribution Amyda cartilaginea in Populations in Northern Kalimantan
Abstrak: Labi-labi is a freshwater turtle with a soft shell and is widespread in some Asian countries. Indonesia has a species of labi-labi that is spread naturally, one of which is Amyda cartilaginea. The research was conducted using mitochondrial d loop DNA as a genetic marker. The study aims to study the genetic variation and the phylogeographic relationship of A. cartilaginea in the Kalimantan population. Peripheral samples of carapace and liver labi-labi A. cartilaginea are collected in the laboratory as a source of DNA molecules. DNA amplification is performed using the primary pairs AF574 (forward) and AF575 (reverse). The sequencing results had a length of 377 bp and all samples were confirmed as species A. cartilaginea. The genetic variation of A. cartilaginea populations in Northern Kalimantan contains 27 polymorphic sites that form six haplotipes with a haplotype diversity of 0.8444 and a nucleotide variety of 0.02107. The resulting genetic distance ranges from 0.000–0.061 with the phylogeographic tree A. cartilaginea Northern Kalimantan forming a single cluster compared to the distance., Labi-labi merupakan kura-kura air tawar dengan cangkang yang lunak dan tersebar luas di beberapa negara Asia. Indonesia memiliki spesies labi labi yang tersebar secara alami, salah satunya Amyda cartilaginea. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan ruas d-loop DNA mitokondria sebagai penanda genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari variasi genetik serta hubungan filogeografi A. cartilaginea pada populasi Kalimantan. Sampel perifer karapas dan hati labi-labi A. cartilaginea koleksi laboratorium sebagai sumber molekul DNA. Amplifikasi DNA dilakukan menggunakan pasangan primer AF574 (forward) dan AF575 (reverse). Hasil sekuensing memiliki panjang 377 bp dan semua sampel terkonfirmasi sebagai spesies A. cartilaginea. Variasi genetik A. cartilaginea populasi Kalimantan Utara terdapat 27 situs polimorfik yang membentuk enam haplotipe dengan keragaman haplotipe sebesar 0,8444 dan keragaman nukleotida sebesar 0,02107. Jarak genetik yang dihasilkan berkisar 0,000–0,061 dengan pohon filogeografi A. cartilaginea Kalimantan Utara membentuk satu klaster yang dibandingkan dengan jarak.
Keyword: filogeografi, molekuler, mtDNA, PCR, phylogeography, molecular

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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