Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Aging is a decline in physiological functions of the body. In women, when entering old age, the function of ovaries is decline thus causing a reduction of estrogen hormone production. The decline of this hormone has an impact on the function of several organs, including the uterus, skin, and bones. One approach taken to improve organs function in the process of aging is hormone replacement therapy. Medically, hormone replacement therapy has been performed using synthetic hormone. However, the use of synthetic hormone replacement therapy could increase the risk of breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases. To decrease the unfavorable risk of treatment of synthetic hormone, the research was focused on the use of natural materials. Extract tempeh is a natural substance that contains phytoestrogens, having similar estrogen activity. This study was designed to determine the condition of an animal model for premenopausal and postmenopausal using uterus, skin, and bone quality parameters, and to study the role of tempeh extract for improvements premenopausal and postmenopausal conditions. The research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was designed to study the condition of an animal model for premenopausal and postmenopausal using uterus, skin, and bone quality parameters. The second stage was designed to study the potential effects of tempeh extract to improve the qualities of uterus, skin, and bone in premenopausal conditions. The third stage was designed to study the potential effects of tempeh extract to improve the qualities of uterus, skin, and bone in postmenopausal conditions. The results showed that rats aged 18 months were marked by a decline in serum progesterone concentrations, uterus collagen concentrations, DNA and RNA concentrations of the uterus, skin collagen concentrations, RNA concentrations of the skin, RNA concentrations of the bone, and these parameters were used as premenopausal conditions. Rats aged 30-36 months were marked by a drastic decline in serum progesterone concentrations, uterus collagen concentrations, RNA concentrations of the uterus, skin collagen concentrations, RNA concentrations of the skin, bone collagen concentrations, RNA concentrations of the bone, bone calcium concentrations, ratio of Ca/P in tibial bone, and bone density and this parameters were used as postmenopausal conditions. The ovariectomized rats having similar appearances to postmenopausal conditions were found in rats aged 12 months with 3 months postovariectomy. Supplementations of tempeh extract for two months in premenopausal rats could maintain the quality of the uterus, improved the qualities of skin and bone. At postmenopausal conditions, tempeh extract could improve the qualities of uterus, skin, and bone.
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Judul: Perubahan Kadar Hormon Estrogen Pada Tikus Yang Diberi Tepung Kedelai Dan Tepung Tempe
Abstrak: Soybean and tempeh contains isoflavon compound. The isoflavon molecule structure is similar with endogen estrogen. Hence, isoflavon is able to bond with estrogen reseptor so it can replace estrogen function. Estrogen hormone level have a large variation depend on estrus cycle phase. The objective of the research was to prove exogenous estrogen that produced by soybean flour and tempeh flour increases estrogen hormone level of ovariectomy rat, and to compare the ovariectomy rat estrogen hormone level that given soybean flour and tempeh flour. The experimental method used in this research is Randomized complete design with 6 block of treatments and 5 times repetition. The block of treatments are non-ovariectomy rat fed by pelet/control (Non-ov K), non-ovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight/day soybean flour (Non-ov Kd), nonovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight/day tempeh flour (Non-ov T), ovariectomy rat fed by pelet/control (Ov K), ovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight/day soybean flour (Ov Kd), ovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight/day tempeh flour (Ov T). The data of estrogen level is analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test at 95% confidence interval (5% significance level). Non-ovariectomy rat that given tempeh flour have longer estrus cycle than the non ovariectomy rat that given soybean flour. The isoflavon contained on the tempeh flour and soybean flour have an effect on vagina epitel, that is the proliferation and cornification on vagina epitel cell. Estrogen hormone level on non-ovariectomy rat fed by tempeh flour is higher than the estrogen hormone level on non- ovariectomy rat fed by soybean flour. The length of the estrus phase between the ovariectomy rat fed by tempeh flour, and ovariectomy rat fed by soybean flour equal to non ovariectomy rat fed by pelet. The added of soybean flour and tempeh flour to ovariectomy rat optimize estrogen hormone in order to happening the estrus phase. The added of tempeh flour to non ovariectomy and ovariectomy rat is better than the soybean flour.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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