Judul: Literature Review of Types of Purification Methods on Morphological and Optical Properties of Carbon-Dot
Abstrak: Karbon-dot merupakan nanopartikel karbon berfluoresens yang memiliki diameter kurang dari 10 nm. Purifikasi karbon-dot merupakan tahapan penting dalam proses menghasilkan karbon-dot yang murni, karena dapat menghilangkan produk samping serta dapat memisahkan antarkarbon-dot berdasarkan perbedaan ukuran partikel dan sifat optik. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan, yaitu telaah pustaka mengenai purifikasi karbon-dot dari berbagai literatur. Telaah pustaka ini bertujuan membahas pengaruh penggunaan berbagai metode purifikasi karbon-dot terhadap sifat optik dan morfologi karbon-dot. Perbedaan kecepatan sentrifugasi menghasilkan karbon-dot dengan diameter dan fluoresensi yang berbeda. Metode dialisis dapat menghilangkan garam dan produk samping yang dapat mengganggu fluoresensi karbon-dot. Metode kromatografi kolom memiliki kemampuan untuk memurnikan karbon-dot berdasarkan perbedaan gugus fungsi dan ukuran, serta dapat mereduksi level aglomerasi., Carbon-dot is a fluorescent carbon nanoparticle having a diameter of less than 10 nm. Carbon-dot purification is an important step in the process of producing pure carbon-dots, because it can remove by-products and can separate between carbondots based on differences in particle size and optical properties. The research method used is a literature review on carbon-dot purification from various literature. This literature review aims to identify the effect of using the purification method in carbon-dot purification on the optical and morphological properties of carbon-dot. The differences in centrifugation speed produce carbon-dots with different diameters and fluorescence. The dialysis method can remove salts and byproducts that can interfere with carbon-dot fluorescence. The column chromatography method can purify carbon-dot based on differences in functional groups and sizes, and can reduce the level of agglomeration.
Keyword: Centrifugation, Column chromatography, Carbon-dot, Dialysis

Judul: Synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticle
Abstrak: Nanopartikel karbon (C-dot) merupakan material yang termasuk ke dalam kelas nanopartikel 0 dimensi. C-dot dapat disintesis dari beberapa jenis asam organik yang berperan sebagai sumber karbon dan urea sebagai agen pasivasi permukaan C-dot. C-dot disintesis menggunakan metode oven mikrogelombang. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menyintesis dan mencirikan C-dot dari beragam asam organik, yaitu asam askorbat, asam sitrat, dan asam oksalat dan beragam kadar urea yang ditambahkan. Kadar urea yang ditambahkan masing-masing 0, 10, 25, 50, dan 75% (b/b). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan pendaran C-dot di bawah lampu ultraviolet 366 nm semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar urea. Emisi yang dihasilkan dari C-dot ini berada pada panjang gelombang 500 nm. Spektrum inframerah kadar urea yang beragam tidak menunjukkan perbedaan gugus fungsi yang nyata. Ukuran diameter rata-rata C-dot yang diperoleh sebesar ±18 nm. Uji kemampuan sensor C-dot yang dipreparasi dari asam askorbat dan urea 75% menunjukkan selektif terhadap ion logam Cr6+., Carbon nanoparticle (C-dot) is a material which belongs to the class of 0- dimensional nanoparticle. C-dot can be synthesized from several types of organic acid as a carbon source and urea as a passivation agent on the C-dot surface. C-dot was synthesized using microwave method. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and to characterize the C-dot from various organic acids, namely ascorbic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid and various levels of added urea. The levels of aded urea were 0, 10, 25, 50, and 75% (w/w). The results showed the Cdot luminescence under ultraviolet light 366 nm increased with the increasing levels of urea. An emission resulting from the C-dot is located at a wavelength of 500 nm. Infrared spectra measurements of urea levels showed there was no significant differences in functional groups. The average diameter size of the Cdot was ±18 nm. The ability test toward heavy metal ion of the C-dot prepared using ascorbic acid and urea 75% showed selective toward Cr6+ ion. Key words: ascorbic acid, citric acid, carbon nanoparticle, fluorescence
Keyword: asam askorbat, asam sitrat, C-dot, fluoresens

Judul: Estimation of Additive and Non-Additive Genetic Variances of Body Weight, Egg Weight and Egg Production for Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with an Animal Model Analysis
Abstrak: This study estimates the additive and non-additive variances for egg production and body weight traits of two lines of quails from a long-term selection with the help of the REML method. For the body weight of 42-day-old females (BW42f) and males (BW42m), a total of 7,934 records for line 1 and 7,214 records for line 2 from 21 generations were used in our analyses. Additionally, 1,717 records of females from line 1 and 1,671 records of females from line 2 contained information on their egg production at an age of 42 to 200 days (EN200), on the average egg weight for the first 11 weeks of their laying season (EW1), on the average egg weight from weeks 12 to 23 (EW2), and on their body weight at an age of 200 days (BW200f). A multivariate additive animal model and one-trait dominance models, which include the inbreeding coefficients as covariates, were fitted to the data. The estimates of the heritability gained from our dominance models were smaller than those from the additive model. For line 1, the heritability values decreased for EN200 from 0.35 to 0.32, for EW1 from 0.66 to 0.56, for BW200f from 0.42 to 0.38, and for BW200m from 0.51 to 0.49, respectively. For the first line, the respective ratio (d2) of the dominance variance to the phenotypic variance for EN200, EW1, BW200f and BW200m was 0.08, 0.22, 0.09 and 0.21, and the values for the second line were 0.12, 0.06, 0.001 and 0.23.
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