Judul: Analysis of Infrastructure Contribution to Labor Force Productivity of Industrial Sector in Indonesia
Abstrak: The existency of industrial sector as the biggest contributor sector in Indonesian economics and its structure which is labor intensive makes labor force productivity which is gained in industrial sector becomes main factor to determined Indonesian competitiveness. Empirical studies so far shows that environment support-whether in micro and macro-could rising labor force productivity. Meanwhile this support is including availability of adequate infrastructure. Besides the infrastructure, existency of natural resources and human resources also influence to selecting location of industrial factories. The potentials of natural resources and human resources which are support by adequate infrastructure in a region will create a concentration of industrial factories, eventually it will increased agglomeration level. At the end it will increased the productivity of that factories. Estimation result shows that lack of infrastructure availability and human resources in Eastern Indonesia (KTI) makes less number of industrial factories in this area. On the contrary, adequate support of infrastructure and also enough support of human resources in Western Indonesia (KBI) made factories tend to located in this area in order to exploit these resources, which is marked by a huge number of factories. In relation with productivity level is this made industrial agglomeration that occurred in KBI has a significant influence to increase labor force productivity. But in contrary, agglomeration in KTI has not influenced the increasing of labor force productivity. Meanwhile, direct contribution of infrastructure to labor force productivity shows that infrastructure influencing the increasing of productivity in both area. Therefore, acceleration of infrastructure development is necessary for the availability of adequate infrastructure facilities, especially in eastern Indonesia, so it can attract businesses to located in the region. Growing industry in eastern Indonesia will also reduce the gap between KBI and KTI and ensure national defense as a whole because it reduces the economic concentration in a particular area. The concentration of economy in a particular area can be bad for the economy in general, if there is turbulence in the region. In connection with the huge funds needed to improve infrastructure services, both increasing capacity and infrastructure maintenance and care, the government's cooperation with the private sector through the mechanism of government and private partnership is the right choice in overcoming the shortage of infrastructure services.
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Judul: Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Aglomerasi Industri terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional di Indonesia
Abstrak: In general, the Indonesia’s economic growth is significantly improved recently but the increase rate is different in each region which entitles to high regional disparity. One of the reasons why it occurs is because of the difference of infrastructure development in every region. Beside, the centralization of the economic activities tends to cause this issue. This study intends to analyze the effect of infrastructure development and industrial agglomeration to the regional economic growth in Indonesia. Based on productivity function of Cobb-Douglas model, the fixed effect model is used as data panel method which includes a range of data from 26 provinces in 1991-2007. The estimation in this study ensues to the influence of labor, investment, human capital, physical infrastructures (electricity and roads), industrial agglomeration, and economic crisis in 1997, while water infrastructure is not significant. Due to the estimation data result, the characteristic of production activity in Indonesia is labor-based with the labor elasticity rate of 0,27 higher than investment elasticity which is 0,10. Human capital variable holds the biggest effect with 0,34 score. Physical infrastructure (electricity and roads) is significantly influential with electricity elasticity indicates 0,33 score, higher than roads elasticity score of 0,13. In addition to this, industrial agglomeration contributes positive effect on economic growth which is indicated by 0,04 elasticity score. On the other hand, the negative coefficient score as a result of economic crisis in 1997 obstructs the economic growth. To sum up, variables which deliver positive influence for regional economic growth in Indonesia are human capital, electricity, roads, and industrial agglomeration. Furthermore, distribution of infrastructure development, education, and centralization of the economy activity should be applied in order to reduce regional disparity.
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Judul: Antioxidant Activity of Sea Grapes Caulerpa racemosa Segar, Rebus dan Kukus
Abstrak: Rumput laut Caulerpa racemosa mengandung senyawa yang potensial sebagai antioksidan. Rumput laut C. racemosa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat dalam bentuk segar sebagai salad atau dilakukan perebusan sebeluim dikonsumsi. Pengukusan merupakan salah satu alternatif pengolahan rumput laut selain perebusan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh pengolahan terhadap rendemen, kandungan total fenol, dan aktivitas antioksidan rumput laut Caulerpa racemosa. Pengolahan dilakukan dengan perebusan pada suhu 90°C selama 5 menit dan pengukusan selama 5 menit. Ekstraksi C. racemosa dilakukan dengan metode maserasi dengan pelarut metanol p.a. Rendemen ekstrak tertinggi pada C. racemosa segar sebesar 3.57%. Kandungan total fenolik tidak berbeda nyata antara segar dan pengolahan (p<0.05). Aktivitas antioksidan dengan uji DPPH tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak C. racemosa kukus dengan IC50 sebesar 663.80 μg/mL.
Keyword: Antioksidan, Caulerpa racemosa, Perebusan