Judul: Kelangsungan Hidup dan Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Kerapu Macan Epinephelus fuscoguttatus pada Padat Tebar Berbeda dalam Pendederan Sistem Resirkulasi
Abstrak: Tiger grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus is one of coral reef fish exported commodities that have high value. To filled high market demand need increase of production through increasing of density and using recirculation system in rearing. This research aims to evaluate optimal density that support growth and survival rate better in recirculation system, through four treatment they are 150, 200, 250 and 300 individu/m3. Using fish has length 5,67 ± 3,75 cm and weight 0,4001 ± 0,6489 g that reared in aquarium 60 x 30 x 28 cm is fiiled 36 L of water and got 5, 7, 9 and 11 individu/aquarium for each treatment. Survival rate, growth, feeding efficiency and oxygen comsumption rate were measured in this research. They are no significant different effect of density on survival rate and growth (P.0,05). Survival rate (SR) are 85,71 to 100,00%, specific growth rate (LPH) are 1,78 to 3,57%, absolute length (PM) are 1,06 to 1,69 cm, diversity coefficient of length (KK) are 8,76 to 13,54%, feeding efficiency (EP) are 40,22-95,45 % and oxygen consumption rate are 0,47 to 0.89 mg/g/hr. The recommended density for rearing of tiger grouper is 250 fish/m3 in recirculation system.
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Judul: Production Performance and Nursery Business for Cantang  Grouper in a Flow-Through System with Different Daily Water Changes
Abstrak: Penerapan pergantian air yang optimal dapat meningkatkan kinerja produksi dan usaha pendederan ikan kerapu. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis persentase pergantian air harian yang berbeda untuk menghasilkan kinerja produksi dan usaha pendederan ikan kerapu cantang (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus >< E. lanceolatus) terbaik yang dipelihara menggunakan sistem flow-through. Terdapat tiga perlakuan dan tiga kali pengulangan yang diujikan, yaitu pergantian air 100%, 200%, dan 300 %/hari. Benih ikan kerapu cantang dipelihara dalam bak fiber bundar dengan volume 1 m3 yang dikumpulkan di dalam hatchery dengan ukuran tebar 12,7±0,22 cm. Benih ikan kerapu dipelihara dengan kepadatan 20 ekor/m3 selama 40 hari dan diberi pakan berupa pelet dengan protein 48% sebanyak 3 kali sehari secara at satiation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pergantian air 300 %/hari memberikan kinerja produksi lebih baik, dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 90%, rasio konversi pakan 1,46, laju pertumbuhan panjang spesifik sebesar 1,05±0,04 %/hari, laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak sebesar 0,16±0,01 cm/hari, panjang panen 17,3±0,38 cm, serta kinerja usaha terbaik dengan keuntungan tertinggi sebesar Rp20.804.102 per tahun, R/C rasio tertinggi 1,18, dan payback period terendah 8,72 tahun., The optimal application of water changes can enhance production performance and the business of grouper nurseries. This research aims to analyze the different daily water change percentages for achieving the best production performance and nursery business for cantang grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus >< E. lanceolatus) reared using a flow-through system. There were three treatments with three replications were tested; 100%, 200%, and 300 %/day. Cantang grouper fry are reared in round fiber tanks with a volume of 1 m3 which are collected in the hatchery with a stocking size of 12.7±0.22 cm. Grouper fry were reared at a density of 20 fish/m3 for 40 days and fed with pellets containing 48% protein, three times a day at satiation. The results showed that the 300%/day water change treatment provided better production performance, with a survival rate of 90%, a feed conversion ratio of 1.46, a specific length growth rate of 1.05±0.04 %/day, a absolute length growth rate of 0.16±0.01 cm/day, harvest length of 17.3±0.38 cm, as well as the best business performance with the highest profit of IDR 20,804,102 per year, the highest R/C ratio of 1.18, and the lowest payback period of 8.72 years.
Keyword: fiber tank, fry, harvest lenght, water change, profit

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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