Judul: Potensi streptomyces sp. isolat lokal dalam mendegradasi limbah minyak bumi
Abstrak: Petroleum hydrocarbon pollution of land and water environments has been increasing without proper treatment that can affect stability of ecosystem. One of suitable techniques to solve the crude oil pollution is bioremediation using microbes that can degrade crude oil pollutants to recover the land, water and sediment from contamination. The aim of this research was to screen the capability of indigenous Streptomyces sp. e.g. STR-2, STR-3, B56-2, SLW8-1 and 2075-2K in degrading crude oil pollutants. Degradation processes were assed by growing isolates in International Streptomyces Project 4 (ISP 4) medium supplemented with crude oil, phenol or isooctane as carbon sources. The parameters used were cell biomass, percentage of biodegradation, pH and the changes in crude oil component which was analyzed by Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrophotometry (GCMS) Shimadzu QP2010. The results showed that Streptomyces sp. SLW8-1 had the highest cell biomass during 21 days incubation at room temperature when grown in ISP 4 supplemented with either crude oil (89,60 mg), phenols (92,50 mg) and 14 days incubation in iso-octane (132,80 mg) respectively. The SLW8-1 isolate gave also the highest biodegradation percentage (31%) and decreased the pH during incubation period. The analyzed of carbon structure compounds in non treated crude oil by GCMS when compared with degraded crude oil by the SLW8-1 isolate showed broken from long chain carbon (C20-C27) into short chain carbon (C10-C19). The carbon structures of crude oil was dominated by alcane compounds. The data indicate that SLW8-1 isolate has the ability to degrade crude oil pollutant as carbon source for their growth.
Keyword: 

Judul: Aplikasi Bakteri Lokal Indonesia dalam Bioremediasi Tanah Terkontaminasi Minyak Berat, Minyak Ringan dan Limbah Oli Bekas
Abstrak: Oil and gas industrial activity has a potency to contaminate soil. One of the waste released by oil and gas industry is oil sludge. Until now, oil sludge is still a major problem in oil and gas industry especially due to its huge amount. This research was aimed to study the effectiveness of Indonesian local bacteria in bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy oil, light oil and used lubricant at bench scale. This research was begun by cultivation of 15 strains of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in Luria Bertani (LB) medium. Each of the cultured isolate was left in a few minutes for thawing, then it was transfered to 20 ml LB medium in erlemeyer using ose. Then, the cultures were incubated in a shaker for 24 hour at ambient temperature. The 15 isolates were selected of their potency in degrading heavy oil by visual assay based on the changes in oil condition in the erlemeyer. The best three heavy oil degrading bacteria selected were Bacillus sp ICBB 7859, Bacillus sp. ICBB 9461 and Bacillus sp. ICBB 5071. The three selected isolates were further characterized by hypersensitive response test, growth curves characteristic, haemolysis test, and antagonistm test. In the main experiment, the three isolates were applicated to soil contaminated with heavy oil, light oil and used lubricant as a single or in combination culture. Parameters used to evaluate their effectiveness in the degradation were soil respiration, pH value, and TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon). The combination of the three isolates (Bacillus sp ICBB 7859, Bacillus sp. ICBB 9461, and Bacillus sp. ICBB 5071) was the most effective treatment for reducing TPH value of all tested materials (heavy oil, light oil and used lubricant) although statistically was not significantly different with other treatment at 5% test level. The TPH values of soil contaminated with heavy oil, light oil and used lubricant were respectively 0,40, 0,70, dan 0,41% at the end incubation period for 9, 6 and 4 weeks. Based on the GOI Environment Ministerial Decree No. 128/2003, the TPH value of the oil contaminated soil have to be reduced below 1%, before being used for other purposes. Although the combination of the three isolates was the best treatment, it can not be applied in the field due to the patogenicity of the two isolates (Bacillus sp. ICBB 9461 and Bacillus sp. ICBB 5071). Only one isolate, Bacillus sp. ICBB 7859, that has been proven as nonpathogenic one and, therefore, can be used for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil in the large scale.
Keyword: 

Judul: Beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi ruang dada kancil
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan 10 ekor kancil dewasa jantan dan betina dengan tujuan untuk menge- tahui beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi di dalam ruang dada, meliputi jantung, pembuluh darah yang keluar dan ma- suk jantung serta ukuran-ukuran jantung. Kancil merupakan ruminansia terkecil di dunia, hidup di daerah tropika India, Thailand, Malaysia dan Indonesia bagian barat. Hewan ini dilindungi dan mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk hewan penelitian maupun dibudidayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat jantung rаta-rata adalah 0.69% dari berat rata-rata kancil. Dan ini mirip pada jantung kuda dan anjing. Bentuk jantung lonjong seperti halnya ruminansia. Demikian pula letaknya di dalam ruang dada seperti pada ruminansia dengan adanya Ligamentum sternopericardiacum. Di dalam ventrikel kanan membersit sebuah Musculus (M.) papillaris dari dindingnya dan tiga sampai empat Musculi (Mm.) papillares dari Septum interventriculare. Hanya dua buah Mm. papillares yang berukuran besar dibersitkan dari dinding ventrikel kiri. Percabangan Arteri (A.) coronaria sinistra lebih dominan dari pada A. coronaria dextra. Sedangkan A. sub clavia sinistra dicabangkan langsung dari aorta di dorso- caudal pembersitan Truncus (Tr.) brachiocephalicus…
Keyword: