Judul: Pemantauan hama penyakit ikan hias golongan tetra dan evaluasinya terhadap parameter lingkungan aquatik di wilayah Jabotabek
Abstrak: Ekspor ikan hias dari Indonesia hanya sebesar 15 % dari seluruh total or ikan hias dunia. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah banyaknya penyakit- penyakit ikan yang disebabkan oleh bakteri, parasit dan jamur. Pengamatan pada 4 lokasi ikan hias Tetra di Bogor, Cibinong, Bekasi dan Tangerang dilakukan selama bulan Pebruari sampai Juli 2005. Data yang diambil ditujukan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara parameter kualitas air, seperti suhu, pH, DO, kesadahan, nitrat dan nitrit; dengan kejadian penyakit.
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Judul: Inventarisasi Bakteri Pada Ikan Hias Maanvis (Pterophyllum scalare), Maskoki (Carassius auratus), Neon Tetra (Paraeheirodon innesl) dan Black Ghost (Apteronotus albifrons) or Daerah Jakarta Selatan
Abstrak: Ikan hias merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor yang memiliki kecenderungan ekspor terus meningkat dari tahun ke tahun. Semua makhluk hidup termasuk ikan dapat terserang oleh penyakit. Berdasarkan penyebab terjadinya penyakit, maka dikenal penyakit yang disebabkan oleh penyebab abiotik dan biotik. Salah satu contoh penyebab biotik adalah bakteri. Untuk penanggulangan penyakit perlu dilakukan identifikasi terhadap penyebab penyakit. Identifikasi penting dilakukan karena merupakan langkah awal untuk melakukan pencegahan ataupun penanggulangan terhadap penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menginventarisasi jenisjenis bakteri pada ikan hias maanvis (Pterophyllum scalare) , maskoki (Carassius auratus), neon tetra (Paracheirodon innesl) dan black ghost (Apteronotus albifrons) yang diambil dari petani di wilayah Jakarta Selatan. Pemeriksaan ikan dilakukan terhadap ikan maanvis, maskoki, neon tetra dan black ghost. Kemudian dengan sistem pooling (mengelompokkan 5 ekor ikan untuk setiap pemeriksaan) dilakukan isolasi bakteri dari organ kulit, insang, limpa dan ginjal. Organ-organ dari 5 ekor ikan yang akan diisolasi dikumpulkan dan dilakukan pembuatan preparat ulas kemudian dilakukan pengisolasian pada media TSA dengan cara di ulas menggunakan jarum ose steril. Setelah itu diinkubasi pad a suhu kamar selama 24-48 jam kemudian diamati warna, bentuk, tepian dan elevasinya untuk kemudian dilakukan pemurnian biakan bakteri. Setelah diperoleh isolat murni dilakukan uji biokimia untuk identifikasi.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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