Judul: Sistem nafkah rumahtangga petani kentang di dataran tinggi dieng (kasus desa Karangtengah, kecamatan Batur, kabupaten Banjarnegara, provinsi Jawa Tengah)
Abstrak: This research was conducted and located in the village of Karangtengah, District Batur, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java for one month from 25 March to 25 April 2011. The purpose of this study was to determine the household livelihood strategy of potato farmers in the village of Karangtengah, Dieng plateau associated with the history of potato farming in the village. In addition, to find out how far potato farming can build sustainable livelihood systems for farmers households. This study uses a quantitative approach that is supported by qualitative data. Quantitative data obtained through a questionnaire to 31 households of farmers who were respondents in this study. While the qualitative approach is done through observation, depth interviews, and search related documents or literary study. Basically, agriculture has become the main source of income for potato farmers households in the village of Karangtengah. This is due to the farm that has been inherited into the identity of them from generation to the generation. However, limitations of resources, especially land as a place of production led to nine respondents in this study applying multiple livelihoods both of on farm and non farm strategie. During its development, potato farming is increasingly drained on resources. Although still becoming the leading sectors, but the threat to livelihood activities has been gradually happening for example the environmental degradation caused by agricultural activity that promotes the high production so that they use the excessive of chemical inputs.
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Judul: Pengalihan Penguasaan Lahan dan Akibatnya pada Sistem Penghidupan Rumah Tangga Petani Penggarap (Studi Kasus: Desa Bojonghaleuang, Kecamatan Saguling, Kabupaten Bandung Barat)
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara dengan kekayaan alam yang melimpah. Kekayaan alam ini, terutama di sektor pertanian merupakan salah satu hal yang sangat potensial untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia. Seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah kepadatan penduduk di Indonesia, pengalihan penguasaan lahan pertanianpun semakin hari semakin meningkat, sebagaimana yang terjadi di Desa Bojonghaleuang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat bentuk-bentuk pengalihan penguasaan lahan di Desa Bojonghaleuang dan juga melihat bagaimana struktur dan strategi nafkah rumah tangga yang kawasannya terekspansi oleh perusahaan pengembang perumahan. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Pendekatan penelitian yang digunakan untuk menggali fakta, data, dan informasi di lokasi penelitian adalah pendekatan kuantitafif dan didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa sebelum adanya ekspansi lahan sumber pendapatan terbesar berasal dari sektor pertanian. Sementara itu luas lahan pertanian yang dijual hanya berpengaruh terhadap struktur nafkah on-farm., Indonesia is a country with abundant natural resources. This natural resouce especially in the agricultural sector, is one thing that has the potential to improve the welfare of people in Indonesia. Along with the increasing population density in Indonesia, the transfer of ownership of agricultural land is increasing day by day, as happened in Bojonghaleuang Village, West Bandung Regency, West Java. This study aims to look at the forms of transfer of land tenure in Bojonghaleuang Village and also to see how the structure and strategy of household livelihoods have been expanded by housing development companies. The types of data collected in this study are primary data and secondary data. The research approach used to explore facts, data and information at the research location is a quantitative approach and is supported by a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that before land expansion, the largest source of income came from the agricultural sector. Meanwhile, the area of agricultural land sold only affects the on-farm livelihood structure.
Keyword: land expansion, livelihood strategy, income structure, transfer of control

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity