Judul: Control of Cannibalism Seeds of Asian Redtail  Catfish (Hemibagrus nemurus) by Adding Soybean Flour and L-Tryptophan to  Feed
Abstrak: Ikan baung merupakan ikan asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di perairan tenang, diminati sebagai ikan konsumsi karena dagingnya yang tebal, dan bernilai ekonomis tinggi. Tingkat kanibalisme yang tinggi pada stadia larva dan benih membuat tingkat produktivitas ikan ini rendah. Tepung kedelai merupakan fitoestrogen yang memiliki kandungan isoflavon tinggi yang dapat meningkatkan kadar estrogen di dalam tubuh ikan. Triptofan merupakan asam amino esensial yang dapat meningkatkan kadar serotonin di dalam otak sehingga agresivitas dapat ditekan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas penambahan tepung kedelai dan triptofan pada pakan komersil untuk menekan karakter kanibalisme benih ikan baung. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan perlakuan dosis penambahan tepung kedelai (TK) 0, 100, dan 300 g/ kg pakan dan penambahan triptofan (TR) 0% ; 0,25% ; dan 1 %/kg pakan dengan tiga kali ulangan setiap perlakuannya. Benih ikan yang digunakan berukuran 2,56±0,02 cm, dipelihara di dalam kontainer dengan kapasitas 130 L dengan jumlah ikan 150 ekor, dan pemberian pakan dengan metode at satiation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada perlakuan. Kanibalisme total pada perlakuan TR 0,25 menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata dengan kontrol dan TR 1, sedangkan pada perlakuan tepung kedelai menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata pada tiap perlakuannya. Perlakuan TK 100 dengan penambahan tepung kedelai 100 g/kg pakan dan TR 1 dengan penambahan triptofan 10 g/kg pakan terbukti efektif dalam menekan tingkat kanibalisme pada kegiatan pembenihan ikan baung., The Asian redtail catfish fish is a native Indonesian fish that lives in calm waters, is in demand as fish for consumption because of its thick flesh and high economic value. The high level of cannibalism at the larval and fry stages makes the productivity level of this fish low. Soy flour is a phytoestrogen that has a high isoflavone content that can increase estrogen levels in the fish's body. Tryptophan is an essential amino acid that can increase serotonin levels in the brain so that aggressiveness can be suppressed. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of adding soy flour and tryptophan to commercial feed to suppress the cannibalism character of Asian redtail catfish fry. This study used a factorial completely randomized design with the addition of soy flour (TK) 0, 100, and 300 g/kg of feed and the addition of 0% tryptophan (TR); 0.25%; and 1%/kg feed with three replications for each treatment. The fish seeds used were 2.56±0.02 cm in size, kept in a container with a capacity of 130 L with a total of 150 fish, and were fed at satiation. The results showed that the results were significantly different (P<0.05) in the treatment. Total cannibalism in the treatment of TR 0.25 showed significantly different results from the control and TR 1 while the soybean flour treatment showed significantly different results in each treatment. Treatment of TK 100 with the addition of soybean flour 100 g/kg feed and TR 1 with the addition of tryptophan 10 g/kg feed proved to be effective in suppressing the level of cannibalism in Asian redtail catfish hatchery activities.
Keyword: Asian redtai catfish, cannibalism, soybean meal, tryptophan

Judul: Efektivitas dan  Efisiensi Penggunaan Tepung Kedelai dalam Pengendalian Kanibalisme Benih  Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.) pada Skala Lapang
Abstrak: Ikan lele (Clarias sp.) merupakan ikan primadona perairan tawar yang setiap tahun mengalamani peningkatan baik produksi dan permintaan konsumen. Tetapi, terdapat kendala yaitu tingginya kematian akibat kanibalisme. Untuk mengatasi dilakukan pendekatan terapi hormon menggunakan tepung kedelai dalam mengendalikan kanibalisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis tepung kedelai yang efektif dan efisien dalam pengendalian kanibalisme benih ikan lele pada skala lapang. Terdapat empat perlakuan dengan satu kali ulangan dalam penelitian ini, mencakup penambahan tepung kedelai dalam pakan dengan dosis berbeda yaitu 50 g kg-1, 100 g kg-1, dan 150 g kg-1 pakan serta perlakuan kontrol tanpa penambahan tepung kedelai. Benih ikan lele yang digunakan memiliki panjang rata-rata 5,43 ± 0,29 cm/ekor dengan bobot 1,69 ± 0,28 g/ekor. Ikan lele dipelihara dalam kolam beton dengan kepadatan 1000 ekor/kolam dengan ukuran 2 x 1 x 0,5 m selama 30 hari masa pemeliharaan, pemberian pakan dilakukan secara restricted sebanyak 5% dari biomassa ikan dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan 3 kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menyatakan penambahan tepung kedelai 50 – 150 g kg-1 pakan dapat menurunkan tingkat kanibalisme benih ikan lele pada ukuran rata-rata 5,43 ± 0.28 cm/ekor. Dosis terbaik penambahan tepung kedelai adalah 100 g kg-1 pakan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 72,5% dan keuntungan Rp. 133.300/725 ekor., Catfish (Clarias sp.) is a favorite freshwater fish that experiences an increase in both production and consumer demand every year. However, there is an obstacle, namely the high number of deaths due to cannibalism. To overcome this, a hormone therapy approach was used using soybean flour to control cannibalism. This research aims to determine the effective and efficient dose of soybean flour in controlling cannibalism of catfish seeds on a field scale. There were four treatments with one replication in this study, including the addition of soy flour to the feed at different doses, namely 50 g kg-1, 100 g kg-1, and 150 g kg-1 feed as well as a control treatment without the addition of soy flour. The catfish seeds used had an average length of 5.43 ± 0.29 cm/fish with a weight of 1.69 ± 0.28 g/fish. Catfish are kept in concrete ponds with a density of 1000 fish/pond with dimensions of 2 x 1 x 0.5 m for a 30 day rearing period, feeding is restricted to 5% of the fish biomass with a feeding frequency of 3 times a day. The results of the study stated that the addition of soybean flour 50 – 150 g kg-1 feed could reduce the level of cannibalism of catfish fry at an average size of 5.43 ± 0.28 cm/fish. The best dose for adding soy flour is 100 g kg-1 feed with a survival rate of 72.5% and a profit of IDR. 133,300/725 fish.
Keyword: cannibalism, cannibalism control, catfish (Clarias sp.), doses, soybean flour

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology