Judul: Aktivitas Antihiperglikemik Kombinasi Ekstrak Air Angkak dan Bekatul Secara In Vivo
Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus merupakan gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemik. Obat antidiabetik oral seperti metformin dan glibenklamid dapat memberikan efek samping seperti asidosis laktat, anoreksia, tekanan darah rendah, dan hipoglikemik. Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air angkak dan bekatul memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan antihiperglikemik sehingga berpotensi sebagai alternatif pengobatan diabetes. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji efektivitas pemberian kombinasi ekstrak air angkak dan ekstrak air bekatul dalam menurunkan kadar glukosa darah. Penelitian ini dilakukan secara in vivo menggunakan 25 tikus jantan strain Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi aloksan secara intraperitoneal kemudian dibagi menjadi kelompok normal, kontrol positif (dosis glibenklamid 5mg/kg bb), kontrol negatif, kombinasi 1 (dosis ekstrak air angkak 20 mg/kg bb dan ekstrak air bekatul 1400 mg/kg bb), dan kombinasi 2 (dosis ekstrak air angkak 40 mg/kg bb dan ekstrak air bekatul 700 mg/kg bb). Pemberian kombinasi 1 dapat mempertahankan bobot badan tikus serta dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah hingga 31.10% pada hari ke 9, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan kombinasi 2 dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah hingga 22.99% pada hari ke 6 setelah penetapan kondisi hiperglikemik.
Keyword: Angkak, antihiperglikemik, bekatul, kadar glukosa darah

Judul: Aktivitas Antihiperglikemia Ekstrak Air Angkak pada Tikus Galur Sprague Dawley yang Diinduksi Aloksan
Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus merupakan salah satu gangguan metabolik pada metabolisme karbohidrat, dicirikan dengan kondisi hiperglikemia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antihiperglikemia ekstrak air angkak pada tikus yang diinduksi aloksan berdasarkan kondisi klinis, bobot badan dan glukosa darah. Sebanyak 25 ekor tikus dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif diberi glibenklamida dengan dosis 5 mg/kg BB, kelompok dosis 1 diberi ekstrak air angkak dengan dosis 50 mg/kg BB dan dosis 2 diberi ekstrak air angkak dengan dosis 100 mg/kg BB. Ekstrak air angkak mengandung flavonoid, saponin dan alkaloid. Aktivitas antihiperglikemia ekstrak air angkak dosis 50 mg/kg BB dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah sebesar 31.02% dan menaikkan bobot badan sebesar 3.49%, sedangkan dosis 100 mg/kg BB dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa darah 64.55% dan menaikkan bobot badan sebesar 13.61%.
Keyword: angkak, antihiperglikemia, diabetes mellitus, glukosa darah

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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