Judul: Financial Feasibility Technoeconomic Analysis of Hydroponic System Lettuce Cultivation Business with Robot Transplanters Application
Abstrak: Selada dapat dibudidayakan dengan teknik hidroponik. Pindah tanam pada hidroponik merupakan salah satu proses yang memakan banyak waktu dan tenaga kerja. Saat ini pemindahan bibit dilakukan secara manual dan memakan banyak waktu. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan adalah otomatisasi robot untuk proses pindah tanam. Salah satu robot pindah tanam pada sistem pertanian hidroponik adalah robot transplanter hasil penelitian oleh Fawzi (2022). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelayakan finansial usaha hidroponik selada dengan penerapan robot transplanter pada proses pindah tanam dengan metode analisis teknoekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan skenario skala produksi 40 kg selada per hari dengan ukuran greenhouse hidroponik 500 m 2 . Hasil analisis finansial pada budidaya selada teknik hidroponik menggunakan robot transplanter pada tahun ke-5 menghasilkan nilai NPV sebesar Rp.351.052.887, Net B/C didapatkan nilai1,77, IRR pada nilai 30,16% dengan nilai diskonto yang digunakan 6%, dan payback periode akan terjadi pengembalian investasi awal pada 2 tahun 9 bulan 4 hari setelah produksi dimulai tahun pertama.
Keyword: automatic transplanter, hydroponics, lettuce, technoeconomy, transplant seedling

Judul: Design of Business Hydroponic Lettuce Using Life Cycle Cost
Abstrak: Teknologi hidroponik di dalam greenhouse merupakan teknik budidaya dengan prinsip penyediaan kebutuhan hara tanaman melalui perantara air. Terdapat berbagai variasi greenhouse dan teknologi budidaya di greenhouse yang diterapkan saat ini. Hal tersebut, mengakibatkan adanya variasi biaya produksi sehingga perlu dilakukan analisis multiskenario. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui total biaya budidaya hidroponik pada greenhouse dengan berbagai skenario budidaya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini Life Cycle Cost yang terdiri dari tahapan penentuan skenario, inventori data, perhitungan biaya, analisis biaya dan desain skenario produksi yang tepat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah analisis biaya terhadap tiga variasi greenhouse yaitu Screenhouse Kontrol, Screenhouse, dan Screenhouse tanpa dinding yang dikombinasikan dengan tiga jenis teknik budidaya (Deep Water Culture, Nutrient Film Technique, Deep Flow Technique). Hasil terbaik didapatkan pada skenario dengan teknik budidaya Nutrient Film Technique yang dimodifikasi bertingkat, ditunjukan dengan biaya produksi per kilogram paling rendah dengan nilai Rp. 13.568/kg pada Screenhouse Kontrol, Rp. 11.884/kg pada Screenhouse, dan Rp. 11.779/kg pada Screenhouse tanpa dinding.
Keyword: greenhouse, hydroponic, life cycle cost

Judul: Vocal Communication of Wild Crested Macaque (Macaca nigra).
Abstrak: Communication is an important aspect in the life of primates. In general, communication in primates involves the visual, auditory, and olfactory system. However, the vocal communication is an effective mode of communication since it may reach further than any other mode, especially for primates living in the forest habitat. Communication has important roles for the social life of primates such as individual or group identity, providing information of the presence of food and predators, and facilitating social interactions in primate social groups. This research was carried out on wild Macaca nigra, which is one of the seven macaque species endemic to Sulawesi. The species is characterised by a high level of social tolerance. Vocal communication studies on tolerant species are very limited compared to other, more despotic macaque species. The purpose of this study was to determine the variation of vocalizations of M. nigra and the social contexts in which the calls are issued. This study aims at providing a comprehensive overview of the complex social communication of these macaques and indirectly, contributes to the conservation and management of it, both in the wild and in captivity. A total of 1369 call units were generated from 328 sequences of calls. The calls were categorized based on their acoustic structure and the contexts in which they were uttered. Descriptive statistics of the acoustic parameter measurements are presented. This study found 11 call types emitted by M. nigra. Based on the physical structure of acoustics, the calls are categorized as tonal calls, non-tonal calls and complex calls (combination of tonal and non-tonal parts). M. nigra emitted the calls in all five main social contexts: affiliation, group cohesion (incl. group movement), agonism, predation and mating behaviour, whereas the loud call was uttered in several different contexts including non-social one. The calls were emitted by all individual, except the calls during mating behaviour and loud calls. Females and males had distinct call structure and calling time during mating behaviour. The loud call was issued only by adult males. One of the vocalizations can be considered as discrete signals while the others calls show high degrees of grading into each other. The discrete signals include calls in the group cohesion. The graded call signals were issued in the context of affiliation, agonism, the presence of predators and calls related to sexual behaviour. The ability of receiver to assess various clues and the usage of multimodal by the sender would influence the individual’s response to the graded signals. As a tolerant species, M. nigra showed high variation of calls compared to other monkey species. The call variation differences were likely influenced by various factors such as the character of species, behaviour and habitats. Vocal communication data on the species M. nigra can complement the data supporting the taxonomic determination and conservation activities of the species. The calls might give information regarding the emotional state of animals, which is important in ecotourism activities and captive animal management.
Keyword: Macaca nigra, vocalization, graded, social context, conservation, species management