Judul: Kinetika selulolitik isolat khamir dari tanah Gunung Halimun, jawa Barat
Abstrak: Khamir lebih dikenal sebagai jenis cendawan bersel satu, merupakan kelompok mikrob yang jarang diselidiki. Khamir menghasilkan enzim untuk membantu proses-proses reaksi dalam tubuhnya, di antaranya selulase. Enzim selulase menghidrolisis selulosa menjadi glukosa yang digunakan sebagai sumber energi. Penelitian ini menguji aktivitas selulolitik tiga isolat khamir yang berasal dari tanah Gunung Halimun, Jawa Barat. Pengukuran enzim menggunakan substrat selulosa tersubtitusi, yaitu karboksimetil selulosa (CMC). Tiga isolat khamir, isolat 7, 9, 24 merupakan khamir yang memiliki aktivitas CMC-ase. Dari ketiga isolat yang diinkubasi pada media pertumbuhan cytophage, hanya isolat 24 yang menunjukkan pertumbuhan baik dalam media pertumbuhan, kondisi stabil, serta memiliki aktivitas CMC-ase tertinggi, yaitu 0.2537 Unit. Aktivitas tertinggi isolat 7 dan 9 masing-masing 0.0194 U dan 0.0238 U. Parameter kinetika yang ditentukan terhadap isolat 24 meliputi uji kinetika pertumbuhan ialah laju pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum (Menaks), dan waktu perlipatan-dua sel (ta). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat 24 memiliki nilai Hoaks dan td yaitu, 0.1068 jam dan 6.4867 jam. Parameter kinetika yang ditentukan pada uji kinetika reaksi enzim adalah laju reaksi, laju reaksi maksimum (Vmaks), tetapan Michaelis Menten (K), dan tetapan kecepatan reaksi orde pertama (k'). Kinetika reaksi enzim CMC-ase ditentukan berdasarkan pengukuran konsentrasi produk glukosa dengan metode spektrofotometri dengan reagen pewarna asam-3,5-dinitrosalisilat. Enzim CMC-ase dari isolat 24 memiliki nilai Vmaks 1.3594 gLmenit, KM 60.2991gL¹, k' = 0.0225 menit.
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Judul: Pencirian selulolitik isolat khamir, Rhodotorula sp. dari tanah hutan taman nasional gunung halimun
Abstrak: Salah satu spesies khamir (Rhodotorula sp.) yang diisolasi dari tanah hutan Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun telah diuji kemampuan hidupnya pada berbagai media (Cytophage, Yamanobe, dan Srinivassan), berbagai sumber karbon (karboksimetil selulosa/ CMC, avisel, dan kertas saring), dan berbagai pH awal (4.0, 7.0, dan 9.0). Khamir tersebut juga diuji kemampuan selulolitiknnya terhadap CMC, avisel, dan kertas saring. Selain itu, telah dilakukan pula pencirian (pH dan suhu optimum) terhadap enzim aviselase. Uji tersebut dilakukan untuk mengetahui seberapa besar kemampuan selulolitik serta ciri-ciri enzim yang dihasilkan khamir Rhodotorula sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan media terbaik untuk produksi enzim selulase adalah media Srinivassan yang memiliki pH awal 4.0, dengan 0.5% avisel sebagai sumber karbonnya. Uji selulolitik Rhodotorula sp. menunjukkan kemampuan khamir ini dalam menguraikan CMC, avisel, dan kertas saring, namun kemampuan khamir ini dalam menguraikan avisel lebih dominan (11.33 U/ml) dibandingkan dengan CMC dan kertas saring. Enzim aviselase memiliki pH optimum 4.8 dan suhu optimum 35°C.
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Judul: Dog Ticks Infestation and Its Correlation to Tick-Borne Diseases.
Abstrak: Ticks infestation on dog could lead to itchiness, anemia, skin disorders, and tick-borne diseases, such as Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Besides dogs, Ehrlichiosis were known to be zoonotic. Pre-mature stage tick life cycle that occur outside its host, will enhance contacts between ticks and human. The study of ticks infestation and tick-borne diseases on the dog is necessary, because it has not a lot of information about the diversity, prevalence and degree of ticks infestation in Indonesia. Ticks survey, included ticks sampling and dogs blood test were performed at Animal Police Directorate Security Agency (Baharkam) and Atang Sendjaja Air Force (ATS). Meanwhile ticks sampling also data of cases of ticks infestation and diseases transmitted obtained from 21 veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung. All ticks samples stored in bottles containing 70% alcohol for identification. Blood tests performed for Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis diagnosis. The identification results of the 950 ticks samples that obtained from 97 dogs of Baharkam, ATS and veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung, showed only one ticks species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This ticks belong to three-host tick, which require three hosts to complete its life cycle. Each ticks stage need a host, either same dog (if it is in place there is only one or a few dogs), as well as different dogs. Research in Baharkam conducted on 81 dogs (53 males and 28 females). The prevalence of dogs infested by ticks was 67.90%. The percentage of male dogs that infested by ticks are larger (69.81%) than female (64.29%). Based on Chi-Square test, there was no relationship between sex and breed of dog with degree of ticks infestation. Generally dogs infested with mild infestation category (41.98%), meanwhile moderate category was 18.52%, 2.47% high and 4.94% very high. The dog’s body region that the most infested by R. sanguineus was dog's back. Probably these body regions were be preferred because they are less accessible for the dog to remove them with its paws. Collection of ticks with tick-drag on Baharkam grass field showed positive results on the field that was more often used to practice by dogs. The samples that obtained was larvae stage ticks with density 152 larvae on 215m2 area of the field. Adult stage ticks and several adult females which laying eggs on the cage wall were obtained in the dog kennels. Whole of male and female ATS dogs infested with ticks (14 dogs). In general, dogs infested with very high infestation category was 64.29%, compared by high degree category (21.43%) and moderate (14.29%). Ticks predilection were found mostly on the dog’s head – neck. On ATS grass field did not reveal any ticks, but positively inside the kennels. It happens probably because dogs are rarely released from the kennel, so that the ticks was did drop-off inside the kennel. The total cases of ticks infestation of dogs at Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung veterinary clinics in 2008 until June 2013 as many as 731 cases. In general, there was an increases of the ticks infestation prevalence at three cities in that range
Keyword: Anaplasma, Babesia, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus