Judul: Penggerombolan Provinsi di Indonesia Berdasarkan Kasus Kriminalitas Golongan Kejahatan Konvensional Menggunakan Metode K-Medoid
Abstrak: Tindakan kejahatan atau kriminalitas adalah suatu tindakan seseorang atau sekelompok orang yang melanggar hukum dan merugikan orang lain yang menjadi korban, baik dari segi materil (ekonomis) maupun psikologisnya. Kejahatan konvensional merupakan salah satu golongan kejahatan yang paling mendominasi di Indonesia. Banyaknya kasus kejahatan konvensional meningkat setiap tahunnya, maka perlu dilakukan penggerombolan provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan kasus kriminalitas golongan kejahatan konvensional. Penggerombolan ini dilakukan agar jenis kejahatan konvensional yang terjadi di suatu provinsi dapat diidentifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pemerintah dan kepolisian dalam rangka menekan tingkat kejahatan konvensional (conventional crime rate). Secara eksplorasi diketahui bahwa ada beberapa provinsi yang menjadi pencilan pada beberapa jenis kejahatan, sehingga penggerombolannya menggunakan metode k-medoid dengan jarak Euclidean. Penentuan ukuran gerombol optimal dan evaluasi hasil penggerombolan dilakukan berdasarkan nilai koefisien silhouette, indeks Dunn dan indeks connectivity. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga gerombol dengan nilai koefisien silhouette 0,27; indeks Dunn sebesar 0,22 dan indeks connectivity sebesar 17,86., Crime is an act of a person or group of people who violate the law and harm other people who are victims, both in terms of material (economic) and psychological. Conventional crime is one of the most dominating crime groups in Indonesia. As the number of conventional crime cases increases every year, it is necessary to cluster provinces in Indonesia based on conventional criminal cases. This clustering is carried out so that the types of conventional crimes that occur in a province can be identified. The results of this study are expected to help the government and the police to reduce the conventional crime rate. Explorationally, it is known that several provinces are outliers in several types of crime. Hence, the clustering uses the k-medoid method with Euclidean distance. Determination of the optimal cluster size and evaluation of the clustering results are carried out based on the silhouette coefficient, Dunn index, and connectivity index. This study resulted in three clusters with a silhouette coefficient value of 0,27; Dunn index of 0,22 and connectivity index of 17,86.
Keyword: cluster analysis, conventional crime, k-medoid

Judul: Comparison of K-Medoid and Robust Sparse K-Means for Clustering Provinces in Indonesia Based on Crime Indicators
Abstrak: Kriminalitas adalah tindakan melanggar hukum yang dilakukan dengan sadar dan sengaja untuk menguntungkan diri sendiri dan merugikan orang lain. Pada tahun 2021, Indonesia menempati peringkat 72 dari 142 negara di dunia dengan indeks kriminalitas sebesar 46,23. Semakin tinggi tingkat kriminalitas pada suatu daerah, semakin banyak kejahatan yang terjadi sehingga menyebabkan masyarakat kehilangan rasa aman. Banyak kejahatan provinsi di Indonesia beragam yang menunjukkan adanya kesenjangan akan keamanan. Kesenjangan banyak kejahatan antarprovinsi menimbulkan pencilan pada beberapa daerah. Tujuan penelitian adalah menggerombolkan provinsi berdasarkan indikator kriminalitas dengan memerhatikan pencilan menggunakan K-Medoid dan Robust Sparse K-Means. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari 34 provinsi dengan 16 peubah numerik indikator kriminalitas tahun 2021. K-Medoid menghasilkan empat gerombol optimal dengan banyak anggota dari masing-masing gerombolnya adalah 22, 4, 1, dan 7. Gerombol 1, 2, dan 3 dikategorikan sebagai daerah dengan angka kejahatan rendah. Gerombol 3 merupakan daerah dengan kepadatan penduduk dan PDRB tinggi ekstrem dibandingkan gerombol lain. Gerombol 4 dikategorikan sebagai daerah dengan angka kejahatan sangat tinggi. Hasil penggerombolan optimum ditentukan berdasarkan rasio sw⁄sb minimum. K Medoid lebih baik dibandingkan RSK-Means karena memiliki rasio sw⁄sb lebih kecil., Crime is an unlawful act carried out consciously and deliberately to benefit oneself and harm others. In 2021, Indonesia was ranked 72 out of 142 countries in the world with a crime index of 46,23. The higher the crime rate in an area, the more crimes that occur, causing people to feel insecure. The number of crimes per province in Indonesia varies, showing a gap in security. This range of variation leads to an extreme crime rate index or outliers in some areas. The aim of this study is to cluster provinces based on crime indicators by paying attention to outliers using K Medoid and Robust Sparse K-Means. The data used in this study were from 34 provinces with 16 numerical variables of crime indicators in 2021. K-Medoid produces four optimal clusters with the number of members in each cluster being 22, 4, 1, and 7. Clusters 1, 2, and 3 are categorized as areas with a low crime rate. Cluster 3 is an area with an extremely high population density and GRDP compared to other clusters. Cluster 4 is categorized as an area with a very high crime rate. The best clustering results are determined based on the minimum sw⁄sb ratio. K Medoid has better performance than RSK Means with a smaller sw⁄sb ratio.
Keyword: gerombol, kriminalitas, k-medoid, pencilan, robust sparse k-means

Judul: Utilization of hydrolized duckweed (Lemna minor) meal as a soybean replacement in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diet,
Abstrak: Tilapia is a fast growing fish widely cultured in many tropical and sub tropical countries. The recent production figures reported our global production estimates for 2015 is 5,576.8 metric tons. In developing countries the major challenges facing aquaculture industry is high cost of production associated with fish feeds. Feed represents 40-70% of operating costs for aquaculture operations, increasing expenses and potential declining supplies soybean meal have led scientists to search for less expensive but compatible alternative protein sources for fish feed; most of which are based on animal or plant protein sources. The objectives of study was to determine the incubation period for hydrolysis of duckweed and to evaluate the use of hydrolized duckweed as aprotein source for the growth performance of Nile tilapia Three experiments were conducted to determine the composition and digestibility of hydrolyzed duckweed meal by sheep rumen liquor as the replacement of soybean meal in the diet of Nile tilapia. The first trial examined the effectivity of sheep rumen liquor enzyme to decrease crude fiber contents of (DWM), the added volume of sheep rumen liquor was 100 ml/kg DWM and then it was incubated for 0, 12, 24 hr . The second trial was to evaluate the apparent digestibility of hydrolyzed DWM for Nile Tilapia, apparent digestibility were determined using chromic oxide indicator added to both reference diet and test diets. The feed ingredients used in the trial were hydrolyzed DWM (HDWM) and unhydrolyzed DWM (DWM). Ten fish with an average weight of 18±0.36g were used in the trial and reared in the aquarium of size 30×40×50cm for 15 days; feces were collected from three replicates using a fecal collection column attached to the aquarium. Third trial was to evaluate the growth performance of Tilapia fed test diet with hydrolyzed Duckweed meal (HDWM). The experimental design was set according to completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates of HDWM inclusion levels that is 0%, 15%, 30% and 45%. Nile tilapia fish with initial body weight of 18±0.36g was kept in 12 units aquarium size of 30×40×50cm at stocking density of 10fish/aquarium, the fish were fed two times a day at 08:00am and 16:00pm to apparent satiation for a period of 60 days. The results indicated that duckweed meal (DWM) hydrolyzed with 100 mL/kg and incubated for 24 hrs showed the lowest crude fiber contents of 13.68% compared to other treatments. Total digestibility of hydrolyzed duckweed (HDWM) meal was 87.3% compared with unhydrolyzed duckweed (DWM) which was 66.8%. Total final weight (TFW), survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversional rate (FCR) and protein retention (PR) shows growth performance at 15% inclusion. The results of this study showed that 100mL/kg sheep rumen liquor at incubation period of 24 hr can be suitable for hydrolysis of duckweed to reduce crude fiber also hydrolyzed duckweed can substitute soybean meal at an incubation rate of 15% in the diet of Nile tilapia and had the same growth and FCR with control diet
Keyword: Digestibility, Duckweed meal, Growth performance, Sheep rumen