Judul: Development of Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) Cream Soup with the Addition of Galohgor for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patient
Abstrak: Konsumsi makanan dan asupan zat gizi yang tepat sangat diperlukan untuk mendukung kesehatan penderita Diabetes Melitus (DM) tipe 2. Sup krim merupakan makanan olahan dari bahan nabati dan hewani yang dapat dikonsumsi sebagai sarapan atau selingan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan formula sup krim berbahan dasar ubi ungu dengan penambahan galohgor, menganalisis kandungan gizi, karakteristik fisik, daya terima, dan kontribusi zat gizi. Tiga formula sup krim ubi ungu dikembangkan dengan penambahan galohgor yang berbeda yaitu F0 (0 g galohgor/100 g ubi ungu), F1 (4 g galohgor/100g ubi ungu), dan F2 (8 g galohgor/100 g ubi ungu). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik dan analisis zat gizi, formula terpilih adalah F2 dengan penerimaan sebesar 87%. Kandungan gizi formula terpilih (basis basah) yaitu kadar air 78,92%; abu 0,76%; protein 3,78%; lemak 1,17%; karbohidrat 15,39%; kapasitas antioksidan (AEAC) 77,63 mg vitamin C/100 g. Satu takaran saji memiliki berat 120 gram yang menyumbang energi sebanyak 104 kkal serta memperoleh klaim rendah lemak berdasarkan PerKa BPOM No. 1 Tahun 2022., Proper food consumption and nutritional intake are very necessary to support the health of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM) patient. Cream soup is a processed food made from vegetable and animal ingredients that can be consumed as breakfast or as a snack. This research aims to develop the formula of cream soup made from purple sweet potato with the addition of galohgor, to analyze its nutrients content, physical characteristics, acceptability, energy and nutrients contribution. Three purple sweet potato cream soup formulas were developed by different galohgor addition, i.e. (0 g galohgor/100 g purple sweet potato), F1 (4 g galohgor/100 g purple sweet potato), and F2 (8 g galohgor/100 g purple sweet potato). Based on the results of organoleptic tests and nutrient analysis, the selected formula was F2 with 87% acceptability. The nutritional content of the selected formula (wet basis) is 78.92% water content; ash 0.76%; protein 3.78%; fat 1.17%; carbohydrates 15.39%; antioxidant capacity (AEAC) of 77.63 mg vitamin C/100 g. One serving size weighs 120 grams which contributes 104 kcal of energy and has a low fat claim based on PerKa BPOM No. 1 of 2022.
Keyword: antioxidant, cream soup, diabetes mellitus, galohgor, purple sweet potato

Judul: Formulation of High-Fiber Extruded Purple Sweet Potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) and Red Kidney Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Abstrak: Rendahnya asupan serat pangan yang berkaitan erat dengan peningkatan risiko beragam penyakit tidak menular (PTM) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan terkait gizi pada masyarakat luas. Ubi ungu dan kacang merah merupakan pangan tinggi serat yang terjangkau dan mudah diakses di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan formulasi olahan ubi ungu dan kacang merah berupa ekstrudat tinggi serat. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari optimasi formula, evaluasi sensori, uji karakteristik fisik yakni analisis warna dan tekstur, analisis proksimat, analisis serat pangan, baik larut dan tidak larut, dan analisis aktivitas air. Optimasi formula dilakukan menggunakan empat formulasi dengan perbandingan penggunaan tepung ubi ungu dan tepung kacang merah yang berbeda-beda yakni F0 (100:0), F1 (80:20), F2 (70:30), dan F3 (60:40). Ekstrudat diekstrusi pada suhu 60°C dan kecepatan ulir, umpan, serta pisau sebesar berturut-turut 45, 45, dan 50 Hz. Formula terpilih yakni formula F2 ditentukan berdasarkan hasil seluruh analisis. Satu takaran saji ekstrudat formula F2 diketahui mengandung mengandung energi, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, dan total serat pangan berturut-turut sebesar 129 kkal, 4,0 g, 0,3 g, 27,7 g, dan 6,0 g, serta memenuhi 6,0% kebutuhan energi serta 19,9% kebutuhan serat orang dewasa. Analisis aktivitas air menunjukkan bahwa formula terpilih memiliki aktivitas air sebesar 0,44%. Formula ekstrudat terpilih berpotensi memenuhi klaim sebagai pangan tinggi serat dan rendah lemak dengan umur simpan yang cukup panjang., The low intake of dietary fiber, which is closely related to the increased risks of various non-communicable diseases (NCDs), is still considered as a major health problem related to nutrition globally. Purple sweet potatoes and red kidney bean are high-fiber foods that are affordable and readily accessible in Indonesia. This research aimed to develop a formulation of high-fiber extrudate made from purple sweet potato and red kidney bean. This research was conducted through formula optimization, sensory evaluation, and analyses of color, texture, proximate, dietary fiber, and water activity. Optimization of the formula was carried out using four formulations with different ratios of purple sweet potato and red kidney bean flours, i.e. F0 (100:0), F1 (80:20), F2 (70:30), and F3 (60:40). The extrudate was extruded using a double-screw extruder at the temperature of 60°C, with the screw, feed and cutter speeds of 45, 45, and 50 Hz, respectively. The selected extrudate formula, formula F2, was determined based on the results of all analyses. A single serving of F2 extrudate was shown to contain energy, protein, fat, carbohydrates and total dietary fiber of 129 kcal, 4.0 g, 0.3 g, 27.7 g, and 6.0 g respectively, and contributes to 6.0% and 19.9% of energy and fiber needs for adults. Water activity analysis showed that the selected formula had a water activity of 0.44%. The results of all analyses showed that this extrudate was well accepted and may potentially be claimed as a high-fiber and low-fat food with long shelf life.
Keyword: analisis proksimat, makanan ekstrudat tinggi serat, kacang merah, optimasi formula, ubi ungu, formula optimisation, high-fiber extruded food, proximate analysis, purple sweet potato, red kidney bean

Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
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