Judul: Analisis Pengaruh Nilai Tukar Riil Terhadap Neraca Perdagangan Bilateral Indonesia Dengan Tiga Mitra Dagang: Fenomena J- Curve
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh nilai tukar riil (Real Exchange Rate/RER) terhadap neraca perdagangan bilateral Indonesia dengan tiga mitra dagang utamanya, yaitu: Amerika Serikat, Cina, dan Jepang, baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Penelitian ini juga menginvestigasi terpenuhinya kondisi Marshall-Lerner dan keberadaan fenomena kurva-J pada neraca perdagangan bilateral Indonesia antara 1996:Q1 hingga 2011:Q4 dengan menggunakan metode Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa (i) dalam jangka panjang, RER memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap neraca perdagangan bilateral dengan Amerika Serikat dan pengaruh positif terhadap neraca perdagangan bilateral Indonesia dengan China dan Jepang. (ii) Dalam jangka pendek, RER tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap neraca perdagangan bilateral Indonesia dengan Amerika Serikat dan memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap neraca perdagangan bilateral Indonesia dengan China dan Jepang. (iii) kondisi Marshall-Lerner dan fenomena kurva-J hanya terlihat pada neraca perdagangan bilateral Indonesia dengan China dan Jepang.
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Judul: Proof of the J-Curve Phenomenon and Analysis of Exchange Rate Asymetry of Indonesia with Her Main Export Countries
Abstrak: Depresiasi nilai tukar berpengaruh dalam menimbulkan defisit pada neraca perdagangan. Namun, menurut teori J-Curve, depresiasi nilai tukar dapat memperbaiki neraca perdagangan pada jangka panjang. Studi empiris mengenai pembuktian fenomena J-Curve telah banyak dilakukan dengan hasil yang bervariasi. Variasi tersebut disebabkan penggunaan data agregat dan disagregat serta tidak memperhitungkan pengaruh asimetris dari pergerakan nilai tukar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan fenomena J-Curve dengan mempertimbangkan hubungan asimetris jangka pendek dan panjang dari nilai tukar rupiah terhadap neraca perdagangan Indonesia dengan sepuluh negara mitra utamanya pada periode Januari 2016 – Desember 2021. Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa dengan menggunakan model NARDL (Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag), enam dari sepuluh negara mitra Indonesia (China, Amerika, India, Jepang, Taiwan, dan Thailand) terbukti terdapat efek asimetris jangka panjang. Sementara itu, terdapat efek asimetris jangka pendek pada lima negara mitra Indonesia (China, Filipina, Korea Selatan, Taiwan, dan Thailand). Fenomena J-Curve terbukti terdapat pada Taiwan dan Thailand., Basically, the depreciation of the exchange rate has an impact on creating a trade balance deficit. However, according to the J-Curve theory, exchange rate depreciation can improve the trade balance in the long-term. Empirical studies regarding the proof of the J-Curve phenomenon have been carried out with varying results. The variation of the result is due to the use of aggregated and disaggregated data also they did not include the asymmetric effect of exchange rate movements. This study aims to prove the J-Curve phenomenon by considering the short- and long-term asymmetrical relationships of the rupiah exchange rate on Indonesia’s trade balance with her ten main partner countries within the period of January 2016 – December 2021. The result of this study proves that by using the NARDL (Nonlinear Autoregressive Distributed Lag) model, six out of ten of Indonesia’s partner countries (China, America, India, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand) have proven to have long-term asymmetric effects. Meanwhile, there are a short-term asymmetric effect in five ten of Indonesia’s partner countries (China, Philippines, South Korea, Taiwan, and Thailand). In addition, the J-Curve phenomenon is founded in two of Indonesia’s partner countries which are Taiwan and Thailand.
Keyword: Asymetry Effects, J-Curve, NARDL, Partner Countries of Indonesia

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell