Judul: Studi komposisi media dan kondisi kultivasi media padat untukl produksi lipase oleh aspergillus niger
Abstrak: Lipase (E.C 3.1.1.3) merupakan enzim yang mengkatalisa baik reaksi hidrolisis maupun esterifikasi minyak/lemak. Dewasa ini lipase telah digunakan secara luas baik pada industri pangan, obat-obatan, kedokteran, deterjen, dan bahkan pada pengolahan limbah. Lipase juga dapat diterapkan pada industri oleokimia. Industri olekimia ini mempunyai masa depan yang cerah untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia, karena Indonesia adalah produsen minyak sawit terbesar kedua di dunia. Sampai tahun 1995, Indonesia memproduksi minyak sawit sebesar 4,731 juta ton, jumlah tertinggi setelah Malaysia yang menghasilkan 7,5 juta ton. Dengan luas areal perkebunan sawit yang terus bertambah, diperkirakan pada tahun 2010 Indonesia mampu menghasilkan 12,203 juta ton minyak sawit. Lipase dapat dihasilkan dari hewan, tanaman dan dari mikroorganisme, dan penelitian ini mengkaji produksi lipase yang dihasilkan oleh A. niger yang dikultivasikan pada media padat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran mengenai komposisi media dan kondisi kultivasi media padat bagi Aspergillus niger dalam memproduksi lipase. Galur yang digunakan adalah A. niger TCz 7II/6, yang diperoleh dari Balitbang Mikrobiologi LIPI, Bogor...
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Judul: Mempelajari pengaruh waktu fermentasi dan kecepatan agitasi terhadap produksi enzim lipase ekstraseluler dari kapang Aspergillus sp. dengan menggunakan fermentor
Abstrak: Enzim semakin banyak diaplikasikan secara luas dalam proses pengolahan pangan komersial. Kebutuhan akan enzim semakin meningkat sehingga membutuhkan upaya pengembangan dalam produksinya. Salah satu enzim yang mempunyai peranan di dalam industri pangan adalah enzim lipase. Lipase (Triasilgliserol hidrolase) adalah enzim yang menghasilkan reaksi hidrolisis trigliserida dan digliserida, monogliserida, gliserol dan asam lemak. Enzim lipase dapat dihasilkan dari sumber hewani, sumber nabati dan juga mikroorganisme. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh waktu fermentasi dan kecepatan agitasi yang optimal pada produksi enzim lipaseekstraseluler dari kapang Aspergillus sp dengan menggunakan fermentor tipe bach berkapasitas 2 liter model value Bio-Reaktor yang diproduksi oleh Bio-Fron Inc.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite