Judul: Rice farming efficiency in indonesia rice production central: stochastic metafrontier production function approach
Abstrak: Productivity and efficiency is needed to attain rice self sufficency. However, productivity at both national and provincial tends to be at leveling off level. This is closed related to technical, allocative, and economic efficiency as the main issues of this research. To answer these issues, this study aimed at analyzing rice production efficiency using stochastic metafrontier production and stochastic inefficiency frontier. This study utilized PATANAS data from PSE-KP. The number of observation was 592. The result imply that land and seed were very essential in every province while other input had various influence to production. All provinces had achieved high technical efficiency (more than 0.8 especially West Java more than 0.9). However, if it was compared with national potential, there was still technological gap which revealed that room to increase efficiency (28.84%) was still high. Quality of seed and land ownership status is very influential to efficiency. Almost all provinces got lower allocative efficiency than technical efficiency so that profit maximum couldn’t be reached. As policy implication, government need to support land expansion, seed innovation, irrigation system rehabilitation and to revise output and input price policy so that farmer welfare can be increased. Land expansion can be realized by increasing land rent access through land market policy and reducing the number of farmer as farm manager through making available of non farms job opportunity. Besides that, it is needed reorientation from production to profit oriented through minimum profit policy. Hence, rice self sufficiency can be maintained without push farmer welfare away. In very long run period, technology breakthrough especially in seed which adaptive for different season is very important.
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Judul: Perilaku produksi dan konsumsi rumahtangga petani padi di Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: The objectives of this study are : (1) to analyse the profit efficiency and factors affecting inefficiency of profit for paddy and non-paddy farming based on the technology and wetland agro-ecosystem, (2) to assess the response of output supply and input demand toward the changes of output and input prices based on wetland agro-ecosystem, (3) to asses the response of farm households’ consumption toward the changes of output and input price and the households’ income based on the wetland agro-ecosystem and profit efficiency, and (4) to compare the response of farmer households’ consumption as pure consumer and their response as producer and consumer based on wetland agro-ecosystem, and the profit efficiency. The stochastic frontiers profit function, and output and input share functions were used to analyse the production behavior, whilst, the Almost Ideal Demand System Model was used to analyse the consumption behavior. The research findings showed that the rice farm households for irrigated lands with improving technology have the highest profit efficiency compared to others. Inefficient profit was influenced by the experices of farmers in farming, education level and the number of family member. The parameter estimation results by employing output and input share function showed that there was the greater impact of rice price toward output supply and inputs demand compared to fertilizer price. Meanwhile, the household expenditure share function showed that the rice farmers around the area of research were responsive for price changes of rice because rice is a main commodity, but they were less responsive on price changes of fertilizer. Aventhough they were responsive on the changes of rice price, but it became less sensitive when they were as producers and consumers. The policy implications and further research suggestions are: (1) to increase the productivity and profitability of rice farming still require wisdom specific technology and irrigation facilities development, (2) to enhance farmers' income needs to improve the price policy through improving the Government Purchasing Price standard of rice, and (3) for further research, the nutrient content of fertilizer should be considered on the production analysis, and the types of farm household and the kinds of data should be expanded, as well as, the distinguish type of purchased food should be based on the nutrient content by using the farm households model.
Keyword: Southeast Sulawesi, Almost Ideal Demand System

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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