Judul: Rancangan dan Uji Teknis  Alat Pemarut Sagu Tipe Silinder
Abstrak: Sagu (metroxylon sp.) merupakan sumber karbohidrat penting dibeberapa negara tropis seperti Filipina, Malaysia, Kepulauan Pasifik, sebagian Amerika Selatan dan termasuk Indonesia, terutama Indonesia bagian timur. Selain digunakan sebagai makanan pokok (staple food), makanan tambahan (complementary food), dan makanan ternak, sagu juga digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri pangan, farmasi, pestisida, dan lain-lain (Haryanto dan Pangloli, 1991). Pemarutan merupakan salah satu bentuk operasi pengecilan ukuran dengan cara pemotongan dan penghancuran. Tujuan dari pemarutan adalah memperkecil ukuran bahan (merusak dinding sel) agar pati yang terdapat dalam sel keluar. Kualitas hasil parutan sangat tergantung pada karakteristik mata parut, sedangkan efisiensi pemarutan sangat dipengaruhi oleh sifat geometri dan kondisi kinematik bagian fungsional (silinder parut dan gigi parut). Pemarutan merupakan salah satu faktor penentu untuk meningkatkan kapasitas produksi sagu, karena merupakan fase pertama dari proses produksi untuk memisahkan serat sehingga pati dapat terekstrak (Zainudin dan Rasyad, 1996). Untuk memperoleh pati sebanyak mungkin dari empulur sagu, penghancuran dilakukan sehalus mungkin (Colon dan Annokke, 1984).
Keyword: 

Judul: Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Dry Grated Sago (Sapuring) as An Alternative Feed Ingredient
Abstrak: Total areal sagu di dunia adalah 6,5 juta ha dan Indonesia memiliki lahan sagu 5,5 juta ha, pemanfaatan sagu di Indonesia kurang dari 5%. Penelitian bertujuan mengkaji karakteristik fisik dan kimia sapuring sebagai bahan pakan alternatif. Penelitian menggunakan Racangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu, utuh (P1), penyaringan mash 30 (P2), peremukan dan penyaringan mash 30 (P3). Data diuji ANOVA dilanjut uji Duncan. Parameter yang diukur yaitu sifat fisik; kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, ukuran partikel, sudut tumpukan, dan berat jenis. Sifat kimia; analisis proksimat (bahan kering, abu, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen), gross energy, serat kasar, dan kelarutan total. Hasil ukuran partikel pada P1 688,42 μm; P2 371,18 μm dan P3 370,81 μm. Berat jenis untuk P1 0,86 g cm-3, P2 1,11 g cm-3 dan P3 1,25 g cm-3. Analisis proksimat bahan kering 87,94-88,11%, abu 3,31-4,00%, protein kasar 2,51-3,44%, lemak kasar 0,11-0,18%, serat kasar 2,36-5,19%, dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen 76,53-78,72%. Gross energy memiliki hasil 3509-3620 kkal kg-1, kelarutan total 14,65-16,36%. Penyaringan dengan mash 30 dapat mengurangi serat kasar hingga 55%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, sapuring dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pakan alternatif., The area of sago in the world is 6,5 mio ha and Indonesia has 5,5 mio ha of sago land, the application of sago in Indonesia is less than 5% of total potential. The purpose of this study was to examine the physical and chemical characteristics of sapuring as an alternative feed ingredient. The study used a Completely Random Design (CRD) method with 3 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments applied, whole (P1), sieving with mash 30 (P2), crush, and sieving with mash 30 (P3). The results were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with Duncan's test. The parameters are physical characteristics; bulk density, compact bulk density, particle size, angle of repose, and specific density. Chemical characteristics; proximate analysis (dry matter, ash, crude protein, crude lipid, crude fiber, nitrogen free extract), gross energy, crude fiber, and total solubility. The results of the physical characteristic were particle size at P1 688,42 μm, P2 371.18 μm, and P3 370.81 μm. specific density for P1 0.86 g cm-3, P2 1.11 g cm-3 and P3 1.25 g cm-3. Chemical characteristics of the proximate dry matter 87.94-88.11%, ash 3.31-4.00%, crude protein 2.51-3.44%, crude lipid 0.11-0.18%, crude fiber 2.36-5.19%, and nitrogen free extract 76.53-78.72%. Gross energy has a result of 3509-3620 kcal kg-1 and a total solubility of 14.65-16.36%. Sieving with mash 30 can reduce crude fiber until 55%. Based on the results sapuring can be used as an alternative feed
Keyword: chemical characteristic, energy source, physic characteristic, sapuring

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: