Judul: The Consequences of Chronic Unpredictable Stress Exposure to Spatial Memory of Adolescent Mice (Mus musculus albinus).
Abstrak: Adolescence is a sensitive period when neurogenesis rate is increases. Chronic stress that occurs during adolescence can cause a long-term effects on adult behavior and morphology of hippocampus. Light-dark transition test showed that CUS successfully produced depressed adolescent mice. Y-alternation test revealed that short-term effect of CUS improved spatial memory in mice, resembled the capability of non-stressed adult while cell counting performed with HE staining did not showed a significant effect on proliferation, cell maturing, and cell survival in DG. Complexity of dendrites in DG and pyramidal neurons of CA1 performed using Golgi-Cox staining. Apical dendrites of DG did not showed a significant effect of CUS on dendritic complexity of DG. In contrast, both of apical and basal dendrites of CA1 showed a significant short-term effect of CUS, seen from the number of intersections. Maximum dendritic span and total dendritic length did not show a significant differences. It is remarkable that both short and long-term effect of CUS is changes the complexity of CA1 pyramidal neuron and transciently increases spatial memory on adolescent mice.
Keyword: chronic unpredictable stress, dendritic complexity, Golgi-Cox, neurogenesis, spatial memory

Judul: Effects of Alcohol Consumption on Spatial Memory Performance and Neuron Complexity
Abstrak: Alcoholic beverages have always been a common drink all around the globe. The ethanol that is contained inside these alcoholic beverages have been known to have various negative side effects to the brain if consumed excessively. Other articles have claimed a certain moderate amount of alcohol consumption could have beneficial effects on the brain, but no exact concentration limit of consumption has been elaborated to cause damage in the hippocampal area. The objective of this research is examining the effects of alcohol towards neuron complexity and spatial memory performance. Four groups of mice were used as test subjects and were given the solution pre-orally. The first group is the control group which is given water, the second group was given 5% alcohol, the third group was given 15% alcohol, and the fourth group was given commercially sold alcoholic beverage. The mice were given said solutions in the span of 30 days. Spatial memory performance is observed by how a mice scores inside a Y-maze in the span of 5 minutes after 30 days of treatment. Neuron complexity is determined by the number of intersections of dendrites and the maximum angle of neurons inside the Dentate Gyrus (DG) and Cornu Ammonis (CA) region of the hippocampus which is observed by Golgi-Cox staining, photographed with optilab and then analyzed using the ImageJ application. alcohol consumption does not have any significant effect on spatial memory performance nor neuron complexity in the hippocampal area. These findings are not significantly different than the control group, possibly because the treatment is not chronic enough to trigger a significant physiological change.
Keyword: Ethanol, spatial memory, complexity, hippocampus

Judul: Analisis Perkembangan Usaha Koperasi Pengusaha Roti Jakarta (KOPERJA)
Abstrak: Salah satu industri pemakai tepung terigu yang cukup besar di Indonesia adalah industri roti yaitu mencapai 15 persen dari jumlah 6.293.793 ton total konsumsi tepung terigu di Indonesia pad a tahun 1999. Di Jakarta, pengusaha yang bergerak dalam industri roti jumlahnya cukup banyak dengan perkembangan yang cenderung meningkat. Dari jumlah pengusaha roti tersebut sebagian besarnya adalah industri kecil yang memiliki banyak keterbatasan. Untuk mengatasi kelemahan yang dihadapinya, maka usaha untuk meningkatkan fungsi Koperasi sebagai mediator akan selalu merupakan langkah yang komplementer dan saling memperkuat. Salah satu contoh nyata adalah dibentuknya Koperasi Pengusaha Roti Jakarta (Koperja).
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