Judul: Analysis of Quadratic Sieve Algorithm with Parallel Implementation
Abstrak: Algorithm for finding the prime factors of large composite numbers are importance because of the widespread use of public key cryptosystems whose security depends on the presumed difficulty of the factorization problem. This research uses quadratic sieve algorithm for factoring big composite numbers. Quadratic sieve is the best algorithm for factoring composite numbers bellow 100 decimal digits. The quadratic sieve is analyzed and implemented using C programming language and parallelized by functional decomposition and domain decomposition. This research uses additional libraries for parallel implementation and for computing big integer numbers, which are MPI and GMP. The implementation result is tested in a computer with four processors. The factorized composite numbers are 25, 30, and 35 digits. The objectives of this research is to measure and analyze the performance of parallel quadratic sieve algorithm using performance metrics and the complexity of the implemented quadratic sieve. This research uses two ways for parallelizing method: functional decomposition toward sieving stage and domain decomposition on sieving stage. The best result of parallel quadratic sieve is the domain decomposition on sieving stage which has an average efficiency of 91.6%. The result is not good enough because there are an additional task for changing GMP data type to MPI data type on parallel implementation. The complexity of the communication is e^((ln N ln ln N)^(1/2) 10log N + 4 (P-1))/B which means it becomes worse the higher the composite numbers are. Performance metrics also become worse because of the additional task and the communication.
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Judul: Analisis dan Implementasi Algoritme Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Secara Paralel
Abstrak: AES is an algorithm for symmetric key cryptography. AES is expected to replace Data Encryption Standard (DES) as a recognized standard for various applications. The complexity of AES encryption and decryption process is O(n), it has fast computation in both encryption and decryption but its execution time will increase as the input data increase. In this research the AES algorithm would be parallelized by dividing the data to each processor (domain decomposition) and by dividing the constituent computing of AES to each processor (functional decomposition), and their performance would be analyzed. Parallel implementation of AES algorithm uses Message Passing Interface (MPI). The objectives of this research are to measure and analyze the performance of parallel AES algorithm using performance metrics. The best result of the parallel AES algorithm in this research is in the decryption process using domain decomposition method. A file with 118.525 MB size has 127.227 seconds decryption execution time using sequential AES algorithm, whereas using 16 processors, its decryption execution time is 34.896 seconds. The speedup is 3.646 and the efficiency is 0.228. This result is not good enough because the speedup is not equal to the number of processors used and the efficiency is below one. This is because the AES decryption in this research has a fast computational process, yet it has a big overhead for data communication. The worst result of the parallel AES algorithm is in the decryption process using functional decomposition method. Using the same file and three processors, the decryption execution time is 168.089 seconds. The speedup is 0.755 and the efficiency is 0.252. This is due to the fact that computing process decomposition is not equally distributed among the processes and the use of MPI blocking communication routine which cause a big overhead for data communication. Both parallel algorithms used in this research are not cost-optimal
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Judul: Embriogenesis ikan buta (Astyanax fasciatus)
Abstrak: Ikan buta Astyanax fasciatus adalah spesies ikan unik dari famili Characidae yang menempati perairan dalam gua di Wilayah La Cueva Chica-San Luis Potasi-Mexico. Ikan ini memiliki mata yang tereduksi (Blind Cavefish) dan warna kulit merah muda, pucat serta mengkilap.
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