Judul: Absorpsi mineral pada tikus putih (rattus norvegicus) yang mengkonsumsi ampas teh (Camelia sinensis) produk biofermentasi
Abstrak: The experiment was conducted to study the use of tea waste product fermented Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae on mineral absorption. The experiment was Conducted in a completely randomized design using 20 rats-(Rattus novergicus) with Sprague Dawley strain with five treatments and four replications. The treatments were as follows: R1 = basal diet, R2 = R1 + fermented tea (2,5%), R3 = R1 fermented tea byproduct with Aspergillus niger (2,5%), R4 = R1 + fermented tea by product with Rhizopus oryzae (2,5%), R5 = R1 + 2,5% combination of 50:50%. The Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus oryzae at ratio of 50 50 Yo. The variables observed were the absorption of Ca, P and Mg. The data were analyzed using analyses of variance and contrast orthogonal. The results showed that ther were significant influences of treatments (P<0,05) on absorption of Ca and P, the effect of treatment were also highly significant on Mg absorption (P<0,01). Fermentation of tea processing byproduct increased binding capacity of the particle on P and Mg, and therefore, reduced their availability for intestinal absorption. Keywords: Aspergillus niger, mineral absorption, Rhizopus oryzae, tea byproduct, tea waste fiber
Keyword: 

Judul: Mineral absorption and blood fat content of rats offered rations containing tea pulp fiber modified by fermentation using aspergillus niger
Abstrak: Tea pulp is a by-product of tea beverage industry, which could be utilized as a fiber source. Inclusion of the tea pulp in a diet may reduce blood lipid by binding micel and bile acid, and increasing their excretion. Present experiment was conducted to study the feed intake, growth rate, absorption of Ca, P, and Mg, blood cholesterol and triglyceride of rats offered diet containing unfermented or fermented tea pulp. Fifteen of 21 days old rats with initial weight of 41.17 ± 4.05 g were used in the experiment. The experimental rats were offered diets containing different levels of unfermented or fermented tea pulp as follows: basal diet (T0), 5% (T5) and 10% (T10) unfermented tea pulp, 5% (Tf5) and 10% (Tf10) fermented tea pulp. Tea pulp was fermented using Aspergillus niger. Treatments were allocated in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The variabels observed were feed intake, growth rate, the absorption of Ca, P and Mg, blood cholesterol and blood triglyceride. Inclusion of neither fermented nor unfermented tea pulp had no effect on feed intake, growth rate, blood cholesterol and triglyceride and also absorption of P. Inclusion of unfermented tea pulp reduced (P<0.01) absorption of Ca and Mg and inclusion of fermented tea pulp worsen the reduction of Ca and Mg absorption. Fermentation of tea pulp increased binding capacity of the particle on Ca and Mg, and therefore reduced their availability for intestinal absorption. Keywords: tea pulp, fermentation, mineral, cholesterol, triglyceride
Keyword: 

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular