Judul: Model of Infrastructure Development at the Tertiary Level of Irrigated Paddy Field
Abstrak: Food production will decline by increasing the conversion of agricultural land. Important factor that also affect food production in Indonesia is generally Indonesian farmers are conventional farmers who live below the poverty line. One of solution to overcome the low production of food and farmer's low income is the development of farm infrastructures on agricultural land. The purpose of study were (1) to identify the infrastructures needed at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field, (2) to build a dynamic model of infrastructure development at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field and (3) to make recommendations on development of infrastructure at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field. Steps of the systematic approach to build the farm infrastructure model at the tertiary level in irrigated paddy field were analysis of needs, problem formulation, system identification, system modeling (STELLA), model validation, sensitivity analysis and model simulation. Farmers need a more adequate farm infrastructure, such as pipe irrigation and farm roads for on-farm infrastructures and rice processing complex and groat processing machine for off-farm infrastructure. Model of infrastructure development at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field represented the real system and it was used to design the infrastructure development at the tertiary level of irrigated paddy field. Infrastructures development should be done in integrated farming system with minimum total area of 3000 hectares. It provided the benefits for the farmers if every farmer had a minimum of 3 hectares of land area.
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Judul: The role of infrastructure as an accelerator the dynamic of agricultural base sectoral and regional economy
Abstrak: Infrastructure is the foundation for all economic activity and industry. The infrastructure provision in Indonesia faci ng on the limited of public financial and low of private investment problems. The financiang and funding availability for development of infrastructure in various islands and regions are the biggest obstacle. As the consuquently of these fundings limitations, the strategy for prioritying the limited fiscal available could be focosed for a spesific sector and regions which have strategic importance for expanding wide economic activities. The objectives of this research is to analize the infrastructure role as an accelerator of agricultural base sectoral and regional economy. Method of analysis is carried out by combining estimated production function which develop outside traditional CGE. The top-down Regional Computable General Equilibrium economic model (CGE) was employed. The estimation of production function shows that rice production and aggregate agricultural sector are more responsive to irrigation infrastructure. While othe r sectors are more responsive on road infrastructure.
Keyword: rice production, irrigation infrastructure, road infrastructure., Computable General Equilibrium economic model, economic model

Judul: Isolasi komponen hemotoksin bisa ular kobra (Naja naja sputatrix)
Abstrak: Elisa ular adalah racun yang diproduksi oleh kelenjar bisa dan digunakan ular untuk mempertahankan dinat mencari mangsa. Bisa ini merupakan campuran dari berbagai komponen. Enzim adalah kompoth utama selain air. Enzim pada bisa ular sangat beragam jenis dan fungsinya. Fosfolipase dan arginin ipadase adalah enzim yang sering terdapat dalam bisa ular dan telah digunakan pada penanganan penyak seperti trombosis Penttian ini bertujuan mengisolasi komponen dari bisa ular kobra dan mengujinya menggunakan sel darah merah sapi 4% untuk aktivitas hemolisis dan bekuan fibrin sapi untuk aktivitas fibrinolisis. Uji aktivitas dilakukan terhadap ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom bisa ular. Fraksi kolom diperoleh dari pemurutan ekstrak kasar menggunakan kromatografi filtrasi gel (Sephadex G-75) untuk memperoleh fraksa paksu dengan serapan tertinggi pada A. 280 nm. Ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom dengan serapan tertinggi dilakukan pengukuran kandungan protein, Fraksi aktif hasil uji aktivitas selanjutnya ditentukan berat molekulnya (BM) dengan elektroforesis SDS PAGE. Basaglar kobra merupakan cairan pekat berwarna kuning dengan kadar air 71.45%. Dari hasil uji aktivitas diperoleh bisa ular hanya memiliki aktivitas hemolisis sel darah merah sapi secara langsung. Aktivitas ini ditunjukkan oleh fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 tetapi tidak dalam ekstrak kasar. Penurunan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar tidak mempengaruhi terhadap adanya aktivitas hemolisis. Hal ini diduga karena mungkin terdapat inhibitor dalam ekstrak kasar bisa. Inhibitor memiliki BM yang berbeda dengan enzim hemalisis sehingga dapat dipisahkan menggunakan filtrasi gel. Berdasarkan hasil elektroforesis diperolch enzim bemolisis terdapat dalam ekstrak kasar dan tersebar pada fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 dengan BM sekitar 27300 Da
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