Judul: Biochemical Testing of Kintamani-Bali Dog Urine Using Semiquantitative Dipstick
Abstrak: Tujuan dari studi ini adalah untuk mengeksplorasi komposisi biokimiawi urin ras Anjing Kintamani-Bali (AKB) menggunakan dipstick semikuantitatif. Sampel urin diperoleh dari 16 ras AKB, yang terdiri dari 25% sampel berasal dari puppy, 25% sampel dari young adult, 31% sampel dari mature adult dan 19% sampel dari senior. Pengujian semikuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan dipstick terhadap 10 parameter yang diperoleh melalui metode free-catch. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel urin tidak mengandung leukosit, urobilinogen, keton, dan glukosa. Nitrit, protein, darah dan bilirubin terdeteksi pada seluruh sampel dengan kadar yang bervariasi, namun masih termasuk dalam kondisi yang normal. Sebanyak 87,5% urin memiliki pH dalam rentang referensi, sedangkan 12,5% urin memiliki pH yang lebih tinggi. Konsentrasi urin sebanyak 31,25% hipostenuria, 43,75% isostenuria, dan 12,5% berada dalam konsentrasi minimum dan terkonsentrasi dengan baik. Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik antara kelompok umur dengan nilai pH dan SG pada urin ras AKB. Perbedaan ras juga tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan yang signifikan secara statistik, baik dengan ras kecil ataupun ras besar. Seluruh sampel urin ras AKB berada dalam rentang referensi yang sebagian besar konsentrasi berada dalam kategori isostenuria dan hipostenuria. Pemeriksaan mikroskopik sedimen dan komposisi mineral pada urin perlu dilakukan untuk evaluasi karakteristik urin ras AKB., The aim of this study was to explore the urine biochemical composition of Kintamani-Bali Dog (KBD) using semiquantitative. The urines were obtained from 16 KBD, which 25% puppies, 25% young adults, 31% mature adults and 19% seniors. The semiquantitative test was performed using dipstick on 10 parameters obtained through the free-catch method. The results showed that all urine did not contain leukocytes, urobilinogen, ketone, and glucose. Nitrite, protein, blood, and bilirubin were detected in all urine variably, but still in normal state. The 13% of urines had pH values within the normal range, while the remaining (6% and 81%) had pH values lower and higher. The urine concentrations were 31,25% hyposthenuria, 43,75% isosthenuria, and 12,5% each for range of minimum concentration and well-concentrated group. There was not statistically significant relationship between age group with pH and SG values of current KBD’s urine. Breed differences also did not show statistically significant relationship on pH and SG values of urine between medium breed with, either small or large breed. All KBD’s urine samples were within the reference range which most of the urine concentration was in the isostenuria and hypostenuria categories. Microscopic examination of the sediment and mineral composition of urine was necessary to evaluate the characteristics of KBD’s urine.
Keyword: dipstick urin, ras Anjing Kintamani-Bali, urinalisis semikuantitatif

Judul: Detection of Ancylostoma sp. and Cryptosporidium spp. in Kintamani Dog (Canis lupus familiaris) in Bandung and Bali
Abstrak: Anjing Kintamani adalah jenis anjing asli Indonesia dari Kabupaten Bangli di Bali. Saat ini, tidak banyak diketahui mengenai endoparasit yang dapat menginfeksi anjing Kintamani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan deteksi Ancylostoma sp. dan Cyptosporidium spp. yang dapat menginfeksi anjing Kintamani. Sebanyak 24 sampel feses diperoleh di Bandung dan Bali, dengan masing-masing lokasi diambil 8 dan 16 sampel. Metode pemeriksaan yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif dengan pengapungan sederhana, metode kuantitatif menggunakan kamar hitung McMaster untuk menghitung telur tiap gram tinja (TTGT) dan metode Ziehl Neelsen. Metode molekuler juga digunakan untuk konfirmasi adanya Cryptosporidium spp. dengan Cryptosporidium Oocyst Wall Protein (COWP) sebagai gen target. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa 8,33% dari hewan positif Ancylostoma sp., 45,83% untuk Cryptosporidium spp., dan 4,17% positif dari kedua parasit. Rata-rata TTGT adalah 1.250, yang menunjukkan tingkat infeksi ringan. Uji molekuler menunjukkan 81,81% dari hewan terinfeksi Cryptosporidium spp. Hasil penelitian ini akan memberikan informasi awal mengenai infeksi endoparasit dan membantu dalam mengidentifikasi patogen pada ras anjing Kintamani., Kintamani dogs are an indigenous Indonesian canine breed from Bali’s Bangli Regency. The dog is included in the list of recognized dog breeds in the world. Currently, nothing is known about the endoparasites that can infect Kintamani dogs. This study aims to detect Ancylostoma sp. and Cryptosporidium spp. which can infect Kintamani dogs. A total of 24 fecal samples were obtained in Bandung and Bali, with 8 and 16 samples collected in each location. The examination method used was a qualitative method with simple flotation, a quantitative method using a McMaster counting chamber for counting eggs per gram of faeces (eggs/g), and the Ziehl-Neelsen method. The molecular method was also conducted to confirm the presence of Cryptosporidium spp. using Cryptosporidium Oocyst Wall Protein (COWP) as a target gene. The results showed that 8,33% of animals were positive for Ancylostoma sp., 45,83% for Cryptosporidium spp., and 4,17% were positive for both parasites. The eggs/g results were 1.250, indicating that the infections were minor. The molecular assay detected 81,81 % of animals infected with Cryptosporidium spp. The results of this study will tell us for the first time about endoparasite infections and help identify the pathogens that affect the Kintamani dog breed.
Keyword: Ancylostoma sp., Cryptosporidium spp., Anjing Kintamani

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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