Judul: Pengaruh Ketersediaan Infrastruktur Terhadap Ketimpangan Pendapatan: Analisis Provinsi di Indonesia 2007-2011
Abstrak: Infrastruktur merupakan suatu input dalam proses produksi yang dapat memberikan peningkatan produktivitas marjinal pada output. Infrastruktur yang layak dan tepat dapat membantu mendorong berbagai kegiatan ekonomi. Perbedaan ketersediannya antardaerah bisa menimbulkan perbedaan kemampuan daerah dalam menjalankan berbagai aktivitas ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis ketersediaan infrastruktur terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode panel data, data cross section dari 33 provinsi di Indonesia, data time series periode 2007-2011, dan menggunakan enam variabel, yaitu gini ratio, rasio panjang jalan, air, listrik, sekolah, dan tempat tidur rumah sakit. Hasil analisis metode data panel menunjukkan ketersediaan infrastruktur sekolah dan air berpengaruh negatif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan, sedangkan ketersediaan infrastruktur listrik, panjang jalan, dan ranjang rumah sakit berpengaruh positif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan.
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Judul: Dampak Ketersediaan Infrastruktur terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat: Analisis Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia 2009-2011
Abstrak: Infrastructure is very important complementary goods for economic development. Ensuring the availability of infrastructure will encourage the economic activity in the region and an increase in income per capita. Economic development has not only contributed to the revenue but has also contributed to the welfare. The purpose of this study is to analyze the availability of infrastructure to the community welfare in Indonesia. This study used panel data, cross section of 155 districts/cities in Indonesia, 2009-2011 time series data, and using six variables, namely the Human Development Index, the density of road, water, electricity, schools, and hospital beds. The analysis showed Human Development Index for all provinces in Indonesia has increased in the period of 2009-2011. Analysis of panel data method showed the water infrastructure, electricity, schools, and hospital beds had a positive effect on the welfare of the community, while the availability of density of road infrastructure is not significant on the welfare of the community., Infrastruktur merupakan barang komplementer yang sangat penting untuk pembangunan ekonomi. Terjaminnya ketersediaan infrastruktur dapat mendorong kegiatan ekonomi wilayah dan peningkatan pendapatan per kapita. Pembangunan ekonomi tidak hanya memberikan kontribusi terhadap pendapatan tetapi memberikan kontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis ketersediaan infrastruktur terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode panel data, data cross section dari 155 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia, data time series periode 2009-2011, dan menggunakan enam variabel, yaitu Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, panjang jalan per wilayah, air, listrik, sekolah, dan tempat tidur rumah sakit. Hasil analisis metode data panel menunjukkan ketersediaan infrastruktur air, listrik, sekolah, dan tempat tidur rumah sakit berpengaruh positif terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, sedangkan ketersediaan infrastruktur panjang jalan per wilayah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat.
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Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography