Judul: Production of Brachiaria humidicola Suprayed EM 4 (Effective Microorganisms) in Grazing Sheep
Abstrak: The main problems of tropical pasture for grazing animals is low production and quality of herbage, and high infestation of nematode. One of various methods to improve herbage productivity and quality, and to minimize harmful effects due to parasites infestation was introduced the Effective Microorganism (EM 4) in to the pasture. This experiment has been conducted in June 2004 - February 2005 at Jonggol Animal Science Teaching and Research Unit (JASTRU) Bogor, West Java. Forty eight female sheep that herded rotationally on Brachiaria humidicola pasture. The purpose of the experiment was to study the effect of EM 4 to grass production and consumption, sheep body weight gain and nematode eggs number. This experiment arranged in split plot design replicated in time consisted of 2 factors. The stocking rates was the main plot consisted of three levels: 2 sheep, 4 sheep, and 6 sheep/paddock. The EM 4 concentrations as the sub plot consisted of four levels: 0 ml (without EM 4), 10 ml, 20 ml and 30 ml EM 4 / l water. The results were 1) The dry matter production of Brachiaria humidicola subjected to 2 sheep/paddock is significantly (P<0.05) higher than 4 and 6 sheep/paddock, as well as the use of 10; 20; 30 ml EM 4/l water compared to “without EM 4” treatment. 2) The higher stocking rate linearly decreased the body weight gain of sheep. 3) The highest number of nematode eggs significantly occurred in the beginning of rainy season and in the grazing area untreated with EM 4. Key words: Grazing, Effective Microorganisms,
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Judul: Performa Domba yang diberi Rumput Brachiaria humidicola dan Legum Pohon (Leucaena leucocephala dan Gliricidia sepium) dengan Rasio yang Berbeda
Abstrak: This experiment was done to examine the addition effect of Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena leucocephala leaves mixed with Brachiaria humidicola on performance of sheep at UP3J. Twenty male sheep with initial body weight 13.95±1.46 kg were used in this experiment. The experiment used completely randomized block design with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were R1 (90% Brachiaria humidicola + 10% concentrate), R2 (80% Brachiaria humidicola + 10% legume + 10% concentrate ), R3 (70% Brachiaria humidicola + 20% legume + 10% concentrate), R4 (60% Brachiaria humidicola + 30% legume + 10% concentrate), and R5 (70% Brachiaria humidicola + 30% legume). Parameters observed in this experiment included feed consumption, daily body weight gain, feed efficiency, and Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). Results showed that treatments improved protein consumption, but did not give significant effect on performance of sheep in UP3J. It is concluded that giving leaf of Brachiaria humidicola and legume (Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena luecocephala) at any level did not give any significant effect on sheep consumption, daily body weight gain, feed efficiency, and income over feed cost.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf