Judul: Rekonsentrasi Larutan Gula pada Proses Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) dengan Teknik Distilasi
Abstrak: Osmotic dehydration (OD) involves the immersion of fruits in concentrated sugar solutions, where both partial dehydration of the tissue and solid uptake take place. During the dehydration process, the concentration of sugar solution will decrease because the water loss of fruits. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with ultrafiltration membrane PP (polypropylene) was used to reconcentrated sugar solution on the osmotic dehydration of mango (Indramayu variety). Variables used were the concentration of solution at 30, 35, 40 oBx and cold temperatures permeate membrane at 5, 10, 15 OC for 480 minutes with the membrane feed temperature at 50 OC. The results showed that the concentration of sugar solution increased the rate of water loss, solids gain, mass and volume shrinkage. Temperature differences between feed and permeate also lead to increased flux membranes. Flux membrane and water loss in mango were measurement of determine the optimal ratio of product : sugar solution on the osmotic dehydration (w/w). Permeate flux obtained in this study was 0.051-0136 l/m2h. Osmotic dehydration with initial concentration 40 oBx will decrease to 35.6 oBx, while reconcentration using DCMD show the concentration 38.8 oBx. The concentration degree (CD) of membrane DCMD was 96.5%, indicating the effective of the process sugar solution reconcentration.
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Judul: Perubahan Konsentrasi Larutan Gula pada Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kebutuhan Daya Pengadukan
Abstrak: During osmotic dehydration, water leaving the product may dilute the osmotic solution, especially for conditions having low product solution ratio. The main objectives of this study were to obtain the characteristic of sugar solution concentration during osmotic dehydration of mango and its effect on stirring power requirement. Solution concentration used in this study was 61o brix. Three level of solution temperature, i.e 30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC and three levels of stirring speed, i.e 100 rpm, 300 rpm and 500 rpm were used as the process variables. Stirring speed and high temperature solution will increase the water loss, while the final moisture content of the sample will be lower. Highest water loss by 70% and the lowest final moisture content of 35.3% wb occur at 30oC temperature treatment and stirring speed 500 rpm. Solid gain at high stirring speed increased temperatures 30oC (4.59%), 40oC (7.92%) and 50oC (11.9%), while the solid gain with medium and low stirring speed did not increase. High stirring speed (500 rpm) at a temperature of 30oC solution, 40oC and 50oC produces Reynolds number greater than the low (100 rpm) and medium (300 rpm) stirring speed for 8 hours. The decresing osmotic solution concentration due to the water leaving the mango during the osmotic process provided the reduction solution viscosity. These conditions caused in the stirring rotation speed increased, so the need for stirrer motor power decreased during the osmotic dehydration process.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan