Judul: Model Simulasi Penanganan Tebu Tebangan di PG Subang PTP XIV Cirebon
Abstrak: Transportasi tebu adalah salah satu kegiatan yanq berperan penting dalam proses produksi gula, yang t e r l e t a k diantar a dua kegiatan y a i t u keglatan penebangan dan penggillngan. Keglatan yang termasuk dalam s i k l u s transportasi tebu adalah kegiatan pemuatan tebu d a r l areal perkebunan ke pabrik, kegiatan pembongkaran tebu d a r i a l a t angkutnya d i pabrik serta d a r i pabrik kembali ke areal.
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Judul: Simulasi model sistem pengendalian tebangan dan angkutan tebu di Pabrik Gula Karangsuwung, Cirebon
Abstrak: Dalam upaya menekan serendah mungkin impor gula, peme- rintah telah mencanangkan swasembada gula, seperti dikeluar- kannya Inpres No: 19 tahun 1975 tentang Program Tebu Rakyat Intensifikasi (TRI). Di PG. Karangsuwung permasalahan yang sering dihadapi diantaranya: (a) tebu terlambat/ terlalu cepat ditebang, (b) jumlah tebu yang ditebang terlalu banyak atau sebaliknya, (e) jumlah tenaga tebang yang terlalu besar, (d) distribusi angkut kurang efektif. alat Tebu setelah dipanen mutunya hanya dapat dipertahankan beberapa lama. Tebu yang dibiarkan atau tertunda digiling akan mengalami kerusakan sehingga menurunkan kadar gula dan menaikkan gula invert, dengan demikian rendemen dari tanaman tebu tersebut semakin rendah. Dalam simulasi yang dikembangkan ini digunakan model- model yang sederhana di dalam usaha untuk mencapai tujuan yang diharapkan. Model yang dikembangkan ini terdiri dari lima model, yaitu: (1) model prioritas penebangan, (2) model perencanaan jadwal tebang, (3) model kebutuhan tenaga tebang, (4) model kebutuhan alat angkut, dan (5) model analisa biaya. Sebagai dasar pertimbangan untuk menentukan prioritas penebangan adalah: (a) kapasitas giling pabrik, (b) analisa...
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Judul: Extraction and Characteristic of Collagen and Nanoparticle Collagen from the Skin of Stingray Fish (Pastinachus solocirostris) as Ingredient of Cosmetics.
Abstrak: Isolation of collagen from the skin of stingray fish (Pastinachus solocirostris) has been successfully conducted with three stages: first soaked in 0.05 M NaOH with a sample/solution ratio of 1:10 (w/v) for 6 hour, second soaked in 0.1 M acetic acid with a sample/solution ratio of 1:6 (w/v) for 2 hour, and third extraction with destilated water at temperature 40 C for 2 hour with a yield of 14.475 % (wet base). Nanoparticle collagen was made with desolvation method using etanol as a desolvating agent with a collagen solution/etanol ratio of 1:1. Yield of nanoparticle collagen was 9.64% (wet base) with particle size of 185.24 nm. Collagen and nanoparticle collagen is in the form of white powder with whiteness degree 72.48% and 60.03%, respectively. Protein is the major component in collagen and nanoparticle collagen (86.97% and 86.18%) with trace amount of ash (0.17% and 0.13%) and fat (0.19% and 0.25%), respectively. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns, amino acid composition, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of both collagen and nanoparticle collagen were characterized as type I collagens. Nanostructural analysis of collagen and nanoparticle collagen by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that both were separate aggregates. Other characteristics of collagen and nanoparticle collagen were: Tmax of 165.88 C and 156.63 C; Viscosity 292.33 cP dan 110 cP; pH 5.00 dan 4.93; respectively. Collagen has highest solubility at pH 7 and the isoelectric point at pH 6, 9, and 10. Therefore, nanoparticle collagen has highest solubility at pH 3 dan and the isoelectric point at pH 6. Collagen and nanoparticle collagen from skin of stingray fish (Pastinachus solocirostris) has a characteristic for a potential use as a cosmetic ingredient.
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