Judul: Kontrol Optimum pada Masalah Periklanan
Abstrak: Advertising is a form of communication and promotion of goods or services. It aims to convey the information in form of a message through the media and persuade that generate responses from audiences. A company must pay some additional cost to make advertising. Thus, it generates new problems, because in general a company will attempt to maximize the profit. It is necessary to find a right advertising policy from the company to allocate their advertising budget with some constraints. This paper discusses the sales-advertising response model that emphasizes the relationship between advertising costs and sales levels. The advertising models used in this paper are V-W model and Contagion model. Advertising problem is formulated in a form of optimal control problem which involves the S-shaped response function as a form of application for the solutions of profit maximization problem. The optimum control problem is solved using Pontryagin’s maximum principle. Then, fixed points of the models are analyzed. From V-W and Contagion models it can be concluded that if the cost of advertising is constant then it will be obtained a constant level of sales, so that obtained constant profits rate is over time. Involvement of S-shaped response function produced three fixed points, i.e. stable node, saddle and unstable spiral. The simulation results show that at the beginning, the company has not advertised, there is no incentive for the company to produce. Then, after the company begins to advertise, the level of benefits is still very small even resulted in a negative value at Contagion model. The reason is because it costs too much while the sales rate can not cover the costs of making advertising. At third fixed point, the rate of return insulated and enlarged from time to time as long as a company is still productive.
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Judul: Penyelesaian masalah manajerial dengan metode iterasi kebijakan pada discounted markov decision prosesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to solve a amanagement problem in advertising and production that have been formulated into a stochastic model of the decision-making system. The Decision-making technique used in this paper is the Markov decision process with policy iteration method. To determime the optimal policy, it employed the discounted-return policy improvement algorithm that uses a discount factor equal to 0.9 for each case. In the case of advertising, the manufacturers will use RCTI as a promotion media when their product sales are low and Indosiar when they have a good sales. When they have satisfied sales, they use SCTV as media promotion. In the case of production management, farmers must keep the fishes in the pond at least 2 tons when they harvest their fishes.
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Judul: Studi DNA Prasejarah Dari Tulang Manusia Situs Arkeologi Tadulako, Sulawesi Tengah
Abstrak: DNA prasejarah (ancient DNA) merupakan DNA yang berasaI dari sisa organisme masa laIu. Teknik studi DNA prasejarah telah diterapkan dalam berbagai bidang, misalnya zoologi hewan punah. Hmu forensik, dan antropologi molekul. Penelitian ini mcrupalcan bagian dari penelitian yang dilalcukan Lembaga Biologi Molekul Eijkman yang bertujuan utama mempelajari antropologi molekul populasi di kepulauan Nusantara. Secara spesifik, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis variasi sekuens daerah hipervariabel I (HVR-I) D-loop DNA mitokondria (mtDNA) yang diisolasi dari tulaog prasejarah situs arkeologi Tadulako, Sulawesi Tengah dan membandingkannya dengan yang dimiliki manusia Sulawesi kini serta mengidentifikasi jenis kelamin tulang manusia prasejarah tersebut. DNA tulang prasejarah diisolasi berdasarkan metode isolasi silica-based purification. DNA basil isolasi diampJifikasi dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk melipatgandakan daerah HVR-I D-loop mtDNA. Hasil amplifikasi kemudian disekuensing dengan metode dideoxy-rermi.tultor (metode Sanger). Ditemukan sepuluh macam polimorfisme nukleotida lunggal (single nucleotide polymorphismsISNP's) pada DNA empat sampel tulang prasejarah yang berhasil disekuensing dari lima sampel, yaitu T614OC, C16148T, A16183C, TI6217C, C16223T, Tl6249C, C16278T, Tl6311C, Tl6362C, dan T16519C. Analisis filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa DNA prasejarah Tadulako merupakan DNA manusia modern dan termasuk dalam suku bangsa Austronesia serta secara
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