Judul: Efektivitas Pemberian Kombinasi Herbal dengan Zink dalam Pakan terhadap Aktivitas dan Kapasitas Fagositosis Sel Polimorfonuklear pada Ayam Broiler yang Ditantang dengan Escherichia coli.
Abstrak: The aim of this research is to determine the phagocytosis activity and capacity of broiler that were given combination of herbal (turmeric and garlic) with zinc (Zn) that were challenged with Escherichia coli. One hundred sixty broilers divided into four treatment of groups which is R1 (basic feed + E. coli), R2 (basic feed + turmeric 1.5% + 180 ppm ZnO + E. coli), R3 (basic feed + garlic 2.5% + 180 ppm ZnO + E. coli) and R4 (basic feed + E. coli + antibiotic). The challenge of E. coli were done at the broiler has three weeks age. Blood sample was took at broiler has three weeks age (before challenged) and at broiler has five weeks age (after challenged). The result indicated that phagocytosis activity in the most highest, both before and after challenged there are in combination of turmeric-Zn, that is in the amount of 88.75% ± 11.30% (before challenged) and 97.75% ± 1.26% (after challenged). Phagocytosis capacity also indicated the result in the most highest in combination of turmeric Zn, that is in before challenged in the amount of 1746 ± 185 bacteria/50 cell and in after challenged in the amount of 2414 ± 264 bacteria/50 cell. this research conclude that activity and capacity of phagocytosis PMN cell in supplementation of combination turmeric with Zn higher than supplementation of combination garlic with Zn. Keywords: fagocitosis, E. coli, broiler, turmeric, garlic, zinc.
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Judul: Efektifitas Kunyit, Bawang Putih, Dan Zink Dalam Pakan Terhadap Aktivitas Dan Kapasitas Fagositosis Sel Polimorfonuklear Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: This research was aimed to defined the effect of turmeric, garlic, and zinc to broiler chicken polymorphonuclear (PMN) cell's phagocytosis activity and capacity. A hundred broiler chicken were divided into 5 treatments: RO (basale feed), R1 (basale feed, garlic 2.5%, turmeric 1.5%), R2 (basale feed, garlic 2.5%, ZnO 120 ppm), R3 (basale feed, turmeric 1.5%, ZnO 120 ppm), and R4 (basale feed, garlic 2.5%, turnleric 1.5%, ZnO 120 ppm) each treatment consist of 4 repetitions. The blood samples were collected from 3 weeks and 6 weeks old healthy broiler chicken. The blood samples challenged in vitro with Escherichia coli (10' cfdml). The blood smear then stained using Giemsa staining technique and observed with light microscope, magnified 100 times. Phagocytosis activity measured by counting the cells that engulf the bacterium actively from 100 PMN cells. Phagocytosis capacity measured by counting the bacterium that engulfed by 50 active PMN cells. The result of this research showed that the phagocytosis activity and capacity in broiler chicken at the age 3 and 6 weeks old were insignificant (P0.05). Phagocytosis activity at the age 3 weeks were ranged between 63.56% to 93.2%. Phagocytosis activity when 6 weeks old were ranged between 57.88% and 91.64%. The average of phagocytosis activity of treatment's groups without observed the broiler's age showed that turmeric 1.5% and ZnO 120 ppm addition (R3) gave the better result than the other. Phagocytosis capacity of 3 weeks old broiler chicken were ranged between 178 to 379.01 bacterid50 cells and when 6 weeks old ranged from 292.98 to 483.89 bacterid50 cells. The phagocytosis capacity's average of treatment's groups without observed the broiler's age showed that garlic 2.5% and ZnO 120 ppm addition (R2) were better than the other groups. Phagocytosis activity from all groups insignificantly (P>0.05) decreased at 6 weeks old. The phagocytosis capacity of control group were increased significantly (P<0.05) at 6 weeks old whereas the other treatment groups (Rl, R2, R3, R4) were increased insignificantly (P>0.05).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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