Judul: Rainfall spatial and temporal variation analysis over Papua based on GSMAP during 1998-2006 and it‟s relation to the regional climate
Abstrak: This study is focused on rainfall spatial and temporal variation analysis over Papua, Indonesia using GSMaP MWR (Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Microwave Radiometer) during 1998-2006. GSMaP MWR data was extracted and represented in time series and spatial format, and compared with other observation data such meridional (UWND) and zonal (VWND) surface wind from National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP), Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and NINO 3.4 Index. Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis show that rainfall variation over Papua is effected by monsoon and topography factor, especially in the central and southern Papua. In the other hand, equatorial rainfall variation is very dominant in the northern Papua. The Cross Wavelet Transform (XWT) and Wavelet Transform Coherence (WTC) analysis indicate that El Nino-Souther Oscillation (ENSO) also give significant impact to the onset of rainy season during El Nino and La Nina years, even though it does not give much impact to the rainfall amount as the monsoon effect over Papua.
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Judul: Evaluasi Curah Hujan GSMaP dan TRMM TMPA dengan Curah Hujan Permukaan Wilayah Jakarta – Bogor
Abstrak: Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission Multi-Satellite Precipitation Analysis (TRMM TMPA) are global measured precipitation projects using satellite combination (blended) technique of infrared sensor and microwave sensor. This research having purpose to evaluate GSMaP and TRMM data with Surface rainfall data in various topographies (beach, level-land, mountainous region, and The whole area) and temporal variation (daily, 10days, and monthly) in Jakarta-Bogor area. The evaluation is done using visual and statistical comparison method (correlation coefficient, MAE, RMSE, and Mann-Whitney Test). The evaluation result of daily and 10days of GSMaP in all area studies showing a pattern didn’t follow the Surface rainfall (r<0.20), while TRMM daily rainfall data in beach area and The whole having r>0.60 and the Mann-Whitney test shows TRMM doesn’t have significant difference with surface rainfall data. 10days TRMM rainfall in all region, except mountainous region, shows TRMM rainfall can follow surface rainfall pattern (r>0.77). Monthly GSMaP data comparison to surface rainfall showing correlation more than 0.60 on beach and land area can be applied, by using correction equation, because GSMaP rainfall data always lower than surface data. The monthly TRMM rainfall data can be applied in all studies area because the pattern is suitable to surface rainfall data (maximum correlation is 0.98). Error identification shows that there is warm rain and high variation on land surface emission especially in mountainous area causing either GSMaP and TRMM cannot follow the surface rainfall data. GSMaP correction equation in beach region, shows the parameter that affect error are surface temperature and specific humidity in 850mb, while at region II, III, and The Whole there is no local parameter which has influence. TRMM correction equation in region III(mountainous area), shows local parameter which has an influence to accurate of this TRMM is surface pressure, wind 850mb, interaction of meridional wind and surface slope, air temperature 850mb, soil humidity in 10-200cm, and skin temperature.
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Judul: Perancangan Proses Produksi Telur Asin Rendah Kolesterol
Abstrak: Telur asin merupakan produk olahan telur yang digemari masyarakat, tetapi mengandung kolesterol yang melebihi batasan konsumsi harian manusia. Tahap pengolahan, telur asin direndam dalam larutan khusus guna menurunkan kandungan kolesterol di dalam telur. Proses ini melibatkan pengaturan waktu pemeraman, konsentrasi larutan, dan bahan-bahan lainnya untuk mencapai hasil yang diinginkan. Formulasi telur asin yang terpilih yaitu pemeraman selama 12 hari dalam larutan garam 32,5% yang dicampur bawang putih, sereh, dan daun jeruk cincang, perendaman dalam larutan soda 20% selama 4 jam, dan dikukus selama satu jam. Kadar kolesterol sebesar 233,39 mg/100 g pada hari pertama dan mengalami penurunan menjadi 131,61 mg/100 g pada hari kesepuluh., Salted eggs are a popular egg product among the community, but they contain cholesterol that exceeds the daily human consumption limit. In the processing stage, the salted eggs are immersed in a special solution to reduce the cholesterol content inside the eggs. This process involves adjusting the soaking time, solution concentration, and other ingredients to achieve the desired results. The selected salted egg formulation is marinating for 12 days in 32.5% salt solution mixed with garlic, lemongrass, and chopped lime leaves, marinating in 20% soda solution for 4 hours, and steaming for one hour. The cholesterol level was measured at 233.39 mg/100g on the first day and decreased to 131.61 mg/100g on the tenth day.
Keyword: Soda solution, Low Cholesterol Salted Eggs, Process Design, Standardized Salted Eggs