Judul: Pengembangan Hutan Rakyat pada Program Tropical Forest Conservation Action Sumatra (TFCA-Sumatra) di Bengkulu
Abstrak: The United States Government and the Indonesian Government have agreed on a treaty to reduce deforestation called Tropical Forest Conservation Action Sumatra (TFCA-Sumatra) program. The development of community forests is one of the activities in the TFCA Sumatra in Bengkulu. Development of community forests is expected to reduce the rate of deforestation. However, the pattern of effective community forest management to be applied in reducing the rate of deforestation in Sumatra was unknown, especially in the TFCA program in Bengkulu. The absence of research or studies focused on the development of community forests in a forest conservation program. Therefore, the aims were to identify development patterns of community forest management in the TFCA Sumatra program in Bengkulu, analyze the revenue contribution, analyze the influential factors of community forest development ini TFCA-Sumatra, and identify community forest institution in the TFCA-Sumatra program in Bengkulu. The study was conducted in the village to implement community forest management and engage the TFCA-Sumatra program in Bengkulu Province. Additionally, implemented in the village built South Bengkulu District Forestry Office. The village, which is Air Sulau Village and Kayu Ajaran Village, South Bengkulu Regency. The respondents selection was conducted by purposive sampling, and the data was collected using observations, interviews, and literature study. The analysis was performed using descriptive-qualitative and quantitative methods for the development patterns of community forest management in the TFCA Sumatra program and the revenue contribution of development pattern of community forest. The analysis of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) used Linear Structural Relationship (LISREL) for the factors that influenced development patterns of community forest in TFCA-Sumatra program. Meanwhile, the stakeholder analysis used for the community forest institution analysis. The research results showed that the development pattern in the community forest in the TFCA program in Bengkulu is a combined cropping pattern with full subsidy. In addition to combined cropping, agroforestry cropping patterns are also being developed by farmers. Developed combined cropping pattern is dominated by types of plants such as rubber (Hevea brasiliensis). Perennials in addition to the rubber, which was developed in farmers' lands are dominated by Jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba). By source of funds, community forest development pattern can be divided into community forest with full subsidies, subsidized loans and self-help. The revenue contribution to the efforts to develop community forest is the largest contribution to total income received by farmers in the TFCA-Sumatra program. The largest contribution received by farmers in the management of community forest in three strata with an area less than one hectare. While revenue from trading businesses was the largest net income in non-farm obtained. Sources of community forest farmers' income comes from three sources, namely community forest, non community forest/farming and non farming. The factors that affected significantly the development of community forests in the TFCA-Sumatra program in Bengkulu is factors internal characteristics (level of education, the mastery of rice, dry land tenure and non-farm income) and factors external characteristics (price and policy). Factors internal and external characteristics affect the motivation of farmers in the community forest management in Bengkulu. The motivation of farmers is greatly affects of community
Keyword: Community forests, institution, revenue contribution, development pattern, TFCA-Sumatra

Judul: Analisis Finansial dan Kontribusi Hutan Rakyat terhadap Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani (di Desa Pasir Madang, Kecamatan Sukajaya, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The pressure on forest resources led to an excessive exploitation of forest resource so that it no longer able to provide optimal benefits even otherwise cause damage and decreased productivity of forest resources. One alternative solution to this problem is to plant forests construction in forest areas that are not productive especially outside Java or other alternatives is the construction of the community forest in the island of Java also outside of Java island. The result of the community forest development activities in addition to the ecologically can support the environment, can also be produced folk wood currently has evolved into a commodity which has a pretty good economic value and perceived by the public that this effort can provide extra income. The community forest as an approach to development of forestry is also prolific on environmental sustainability and an increase in people's income, so that needs to be developed with the better, so as to provide a high timber production and improve the welfare of farmers, while paying attention to power support and function of forests. This research aims to understand further the characteristics and role of the community forest in the Pasir Madang region, particularly from aspect of the community forest’s role against the welfare of the family. This research studies economic condition community forest farmers through the calculation of the balance of the income and spending the community forest farmer families. Further this research examines the contribution of community forest against the peasant household family income and identifying the motivation of farmers in community forest management. Data collected through interview of selected respondens of community forest farmers by using purposive sampling method. Additional information collected through literature studies on secondary data sources from a variety of related government agencies. Respondents farmers who is interviewed in this study consisted of 30 people who come from the village of Pasir madang, Bogor regency, West Java. Based on these studies it is known that most of the people in the village of Pasir Madang managed using agroforestry systems. The community forest in the Pasir Madang village serves as the public savings which can be harvested when the farmer needed the money in relatively large amounts and in urgent circumstances. A pattern of harvesting as it is known in terms of as a “tebang butuh” system. The community forest farmer respondents on site research mature majority in the range of 41-50 years old. The level of education respondents mostly only to elementary schools. In general the community forest farmer has a sideline job in addition to working on their forest field. Farmers in this area have a household incomes larger than level its expenditures, so they are on surplus condition. From the expenditure, allocation largest farmers used to terms of food. The community forest have a very important contribution in the structure of household income of farmers. By using the Sajogyo’s poverty line, more than three quarters of respondents the community forest farmers are above the poverty line or are able to meet the minimum basic needs. The condition is quite encouraging motivation
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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