Judul: Land-use Change In Jambi: Implication to Biogeophysical and Biogeochemical Processes, Analysed Using CLM5
Abstrak: Deforestation plays an essential role in land cover changes in tropical area. From 1990 to 2012, Indonesia lost about 20,7 million hectares (Mha) of forest area, and the highest deforestation occurred in Sumatra. One of the areas with extensive forest transformation on Sumatra Island is Jambi Province. Deforestation in Jambi was caused by various driving factors such as forest fire, transmigration project, and land allocation to specific land-use such as plantation and dryland agriculture. This deforestation will impact on the environment in many ways, such as changes in surface energy balance, water surface budget, and carbon cycle. In some cases, forest transformation in Jambi Province is not through direct conversion to oil palm or rubber plantation. Based on remote sensing data, shrub/bushland and dryland agriculture have become intermediate state of forest loss due to oil palm and rubber expansions. In this study, we try to analyse biogeophysical and biogeochemical processes of forest and its transformation processes into shrub, grass, or dryland agriculture (soybean) using Community Land Model version 5 (CLM5). We also conduct an analysis of coupling strength between the land cover and atmosphere near the surface through the interaction between soil moisture and surface fluxes. Partition of surface energy balance from forest, shrub, grass, and soybean showed higher utilization of energy for latent heat fluxes. In monthly variation, no considerable fluctuations are found in the partition of surface fluxes in forest, shrub, and grass, while in soybean, the surface fluxes change dramatically. This pattern follows the planting time of soybean. In diurnal variation, the net radiation in soybean slightly lower than other land uses. Forest transformation into shrub, grass, or soybean decreased latent heat fluxes and increased sensible heat fluxes, especially during strong El Nino. Forest, shrub, and grass had more substantial variation in Bowen ratio (β), but soybean conserved fluctuation in Bowen ratio. Soybean had a smaller change in β because it used irrigation system, so the water was not a limitation for evaporation. Land-use changes alter carbon uptake, although it did not necessarily reduce the Net Primary Production (NPP) and efficiency. Forest transformations into soybean and grass will increase NPP, while its transformation into shrub will decrease NPP. Among all land covers, soybean showed higher carbon use efficiency (CUE) due to the availability of water and soil nutrient supplies. In comparison, the forest had lower CUE due to its high respiration to maintain its biomass. Coupling strength between soil moisture and latent heat fluxes in all land covers was positive, but the R-squared was relatively low. This result indicated that there was another factor impacting surface energy balance partition.
Keyword: latent heat fluxes, sensible heat fluxes, NPP, CUE, coupling strength

Judul: Analysis of Biogeophysics Impacts from Land Use Change in Jambi Province: Implications for LCL and Rainfall
Abstrak: Provinsi Jambi mengalami perubahan penggunaan lahan yang cukup signifikan. Perubahan jenis dan tutupan vegetasi mempengaruhi interaksi antara permukaan dan atmosfer, yang mengakibatkan perubahan karakteristik biogeofisik seperti; albedo, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), land surface temperature (LST), partisi energi (sensible dan latent heat fluxes). Perubahan tersebut berdampak pada potensi pembentukan awan konvektif yang dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan data lifting condensation level (LCL), convective available potential energy (CAPE), dan convective inhibition (CIN). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak perubahan penggunaan lahan terhadap karakteristik biogeofisik, serta menganalisis hubungan perubahan penggunaan lahan dengan curah hujan dan proses yang mempengaruhinya berdasarkan karakteristik biogeofisik, LCL, CAPE, dan CIN. Karakteristik biogeofisik dianalisis menggunakan data Landsat 8, analisis curah hujan menggunakan data reanalisis (CHRIPS), dan analisis LCL, CAPE, dan CIN menggunakan data radiosonde (NOAA). Peta penggunaan lahan diperoleh dari KLHK. Periode data pada tahun 2013 dan tahun 2017. Sebaran albedo, LST, H, LCL, dan CIN pada masing-masing penggunaan lahan dari yang terendah hingga tertinggi adalah hutan, perkebunan, pertanian, semak belukar rawa, dan lahan terbangun. Sebaran NDVI, LE, dan CAPE berbanding terbalik dengan sebaran albedo, LST, H, LCL, dan CIN. Setiap model analisis korelasi dan regresi pada musim hujan menunjukkan bahwa setiap parameter karakteristik biogeofisik dan LCL, CAPE, dan CIN memiliki pengaruh terhadap curah hujan. Curah hujan tertinggi berada pada penggunaan lahan hutan (diikuti perkebunan, pertanian, semak belukar rawa, lahan terbangun). Pada musim hujan, curah hujan meningkat seiring dengan penurunan albedo, LST, H, LCL, dan CIN, serta peningkatan NDVI, LE dan CAPE. Hal tersebut menyebabkan perubahan penggunaan dan tutupan lahan dari hutan ke tipe penggunaan lahan lain dapat mengakibatkan berkurangnya curah hujan.
Keyword: Albedo, CAPE, LST, NDVI, partisi energi

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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