Judul: Isolasi dan Kloning Gen Penyandi Fitase dari Bacillus subtilis AQ1 dengan Teknologi Gateway
Abstrak: Fitase merupakan enzim yang dapat mengkatalisis reaksi pemecahan asam fitat untuk membebaskan fosfor dan nutrien yang terdapat dalam kompleks fitat sehingga dapat mengurangi efek antinutrisi dari asam fitat. Enzim ini sangat penting sebagai bahan tambahan pakan ternak monogastrik. Teknik rekayasa genetika diperlukan untuk menghasilkan DNA rekombinan penyandi gen fitase yang lebih stabil dengan produktivitas yang tinggi. Gen phy diisolasi dari bakteri Bacillus subtilis AQ1 yang telah terbukti menghasilkan fitase. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyisipkan gen penyandi fitase pada vektor donor dan vektor ekspresi dengan teknik kloning Gateway. Gen phy hasil kloning ditransformasikan ke dalam E.coli BL21-Star. Ekspresi fitase rekombinan dalam E.coli BL21-Star dapat terlihat dari hasil uji aktivitas fitase pada jam ke-6, ke-12, dan ke-24 yang masing-masing memiliki aktivitas sebesar 1.989 U/mL, 2.988 U/mL, dan 3.331 U/mL. Hasil aktivitas ini menunjukkan bahwa gen fitase yang dikloning dengan metode Gateway dapat terekspresi dalam E.coli BL21-Star.
Keyword: Fitase, asam fitat, Bacillus subtilis AQ1, kloning Gateway

Judul: Isolation and Cloning Glucanase Encoding Gene (GLN) from Trichoderma sp. in donor and expression vectors
Abstrak: Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan tanaman perkebunan yang berperan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia dan dunia. Dalam proses budidaya tanaman ini terdapat beberapa hambatan yang menurunkan tingkat produksinya. Salah satu hambatan yakni adanya penyakit busuk pangkal batang (BPB) yang disebabkan oleh jamur patogen Ganoderma boninense Pat. Penyakit BPB merupakan penyakit yang paling mematikan pada kelapa sawit. Adapun pengaruh patogenitas jamur G. boninense dapat ditanggulagi dengan memanfaatkan enzim glukanase yang berasal dari jamur Trichoderma sp. Isolasi dan kloning gen penyandi glukanase diharapkan menjadi solusi dalam menanggulangi penyakit BPB pada kelapa sawit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan menyisipkan gen penyandi glukanase (GLN) pada vektor donor dan vektor ekspresi dengan teknik kloning Gateway untuk tujuan perbanyakan gen. Setelah proses isolasi dan amplifikasi, gen GLN yang berukuran 1700 bp disisipkan dalam vektor kemudian ditransformasikan ke dalam Escherichia coli. Hasil penyisipan gen GLN pada vektor donor yang diuji dengan teknik PCR koloni dan isolasi plasmid menghasilkan pita DNA berukuran 6461 bp. Sedangkan hasil penyisipan gen GLN pada vektor ekspresi yang diuji dengan teknik PCR koloni dan isolasi plasmid menghasilkan pita DNA berukuran 4700 bp. Dengan demikian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa gen GLN telah berhasil diisolasi dan disisipkan ke dalam vektor donor dan vektor ekspresi.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite