Judul: Kemungkinan Penularan Arbovirus pada Nyamuk (Culex quinquefasciatus) yang Dipelihara di Insektarium
Abstrak: Culex quinquefasciatus (formerly called Culex fatigans), commonly known as house mosquito and found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The purpose of this study was to determine the life cycle period and presence of arboviruses in Culex quinquefasciatus reared in the Urban Pest Control Studies Unit (UPCSU), School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS). Arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) infection due to West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), is a pathogenic viral infection with serious clinical symptoms. Five pairs of Culex quinquefasciatus was reared to determine the period of mosquito development. The presence of arboviruses was detected using RT-PCR against eggs, 1st instar larvae to 4th instar larvae, female and male adult. Development of Culex quinquefasciatus show the life cycle of the mosquitoes ranging from 6 to 15 days and based on the RT-PCR method, the results showed that there were no viruses in all stages of mosquito, for both flavivirus and Banna virus. This finding suggested that the proper rearing of guinea pigs and mosquitoes is important to prevent the transmission of virus., Culex quinquefasciatus (sebelumnya dikenali sebagai Culex fatigans), umumnya dikenal sebagai nyamuk rumah dan ditemukan di daerah tropis dan subtropis di dunia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui periode siklus hidup dan keberadaan arbovirus pada Culex quinquefasciatus yang dipelihara di Unit Kajian Pengendalian Hama Permukiman (UKPHP), Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis (SKHB). Infeksi arbovirus (arthropod-borne virus) akibat West Nile virus (WNV) dan Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), merupakan infeksi virus patogen dengan gejala klinis serius yang sangat mudah menyebar. Lima pasang Culex quinquefasciatus dipelihara untuk mengetahui masa perkembangan nyamuk. Keberadaan arbovirus dideteksi menggunakan RT-PCR terhadap telur, larva instar 1 hingga instar 4 serta betina dan jantan dewasa. Perkembangan Culex quinquefasciatus menunjukkan siklus hidup nyamuk berlangsung selama 6 hingga 15 hari dan berdasarkan RT-PCR metode, hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat virus pada semua stadium nyamuk, baik flavivirus maupun Banna virus. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pemeliharaan marmot dan nyamuk yang tepat penting untuk mencegah penularan virus.
Keyword: arbovirus, banna virus, culex quinquefasciatus, flavivirus, japanese encephalitis

Judul: Siklus Hidup dan Kemungkinan Penularan Arbovirus pada Nyamuk (Aedes aegypti) yang Dipelihara di Insektarium
Abstrak: Aedes spp. are the vectors of many arboviruses which primarily responsible for the spread of disease outbreaks. Aedes aegypti possesses the ability to transmit numerous viruses, and the most widely known is Dengue Virus (DENV). The purpose of this research was to determine the period of development and presence of arboviruses in Aedes aegypti reared in the insectarium of Urban Pest Control Studies Unit (UPCSU), School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences (SVMBS). Five pairs of mosquitoes were reared to observed the life cycle. Temperature and humidity are always recorded as it play an important role in mosquito development. Meanwhile, the arbovirus detection process has been carried out on eggs, larval (1st to 4th instar), and mosquitoes adult stage. Reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was conducted using primer targeted NS5 for flavivirus and PV1 for Banna virus. The results of research showed that the life cycle of Aedes aegypti reared in the insectarium of UPCSU ranged from 7 to 15 days, with an average temperature of 28,2 ° C and humidity 82,8%. Moreover, no viruses were detected from all mosquito stages. According to the findings of this research, it is crucial to prevent the transmission of the virus by ensuring the proper rearing of guinea pigs and mosquitoes to reduce the risk of viral spread., Aedes spp. adalah vektor dari banyak arbovirus yang terutama bertanggung jawab atas penyebaran wabah penyakit. Aedes aegypti memiliki kemampuan untuk menularkan berbagai macam virus, dan yang paling banyak dikenal adalah Dengue Virus (DENV). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu perkembangan dan keberadaan arbovirus pada Aedes aegypti yang dipelihara di insektarium Unit Kajian Pengendalian Hama Permukiman (UKPHP), Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis (SKHB). Lima pasang nyamuk dipelihara untuk diamati siklus hidupnya. Suhu dan kelembapan selalu dicatat karena berperan penting dalam perkembangan nyamuk. Sementara itu, proses deteksi arbovirus dilakukan pada telur, larva (instar 1 sampai 4), dan nyamuk stadium dewasa. Reverse-transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer yang ditargetkan NS5 untuk flavivirus dan PV1 untuk Banna virus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa siklus hidup Aedes aegypti yang dipelihara di insektarium UKPHP berkisar antara 7 sampai 15 hari, dengan suhu rata-rata 28,2 °C dan kelembapan 82,8%. Selain itu, tidak ada virus yang terdeteksi dari semua stadium nyamuk. Berdasarkan temuan penelitian ini, sangat penting untuk mencegah penularan virus dengan memastikan pemeliharaan marmot dan nyamuk yang tepat untuk mengurangi risiko penyebaran virus.
Keyword: arbovirus, banna virus, flavivirus, aedes aegypti, dengue virus

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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