Judul: Obat Terapeutik dalam Pengobatan Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) di Rumah Sakit Hewan Gasing, Malaysia
Abstrak: Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a broad term often used in describing any disorders affecting the lower urinary tract which includes the bladder and urethra. Although there are multiple causes of FLUTD, the common clinical signs seen are hematuria, stranguria, dysuria, pollakiuria, and periuria. The study aims to obtain and analyze secondary data of therapeutic drugs used in the treatment of FLUTD at Gasing Veterinary Hospital in the year 2019. The highest proportion of drugs used were antibiotics at 37%. Muscle relaxants were the second most administered drug at 34%, followed by anti-inflammatories at 26%. Other therapeutic substances which were administered in smaller proportions include anti-fibrinolytic agents (2%) and nutritional supplements (1%). It was concluded that, the types of drugs that were administered in FLUTD cases comprised of antibiotics, anti-inflammatories, muscle relaxants, anti-fibrinolytic agents, and nutritional supplements., Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) adalah istilah luas yang sering digunakan untuk gangguan pada saluran kemih dan uretra. Meskipun terdapat beberapa penyebab FLUTD, tanda klinis yang umum terlihat adalah hematuria, stranguria, disuria, pollakiuria, dan periuria. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan dan menganalisis data sekunder obat terapeutik yang digunakan dalam pengobatan FLUTD di Rumah Sakit Hewan Gasing tahun 2019. Obat yang paling banyak digunakan adalah antibiotik dengan proporsi 37%. Obat relaksan otot adalah obat kedua yang paling banyak diberikan dengan proporsi 34%, diikuti oleh obat antiinflamasi (26%). Zat terapeutik lain yang diberikan dalam proporsi yang lebih kecil termasuk agen antifibrinolitik (2%) dan suplemen nutrisi (1%). Kesimpulannya, jenis obat yang diberikan pada kasus FLUTD terdiri dari antibiotik, antiinflamasi, relaksan otot, agen antifibrinolitik, dan suplemen nutrisi.
Keyword: drug, feline, FLUTD, therapeutic, treatment

Judul: Prevalence of Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease in Hand N Paws Veterinary Clinic, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) is a common condition that affects the bladder and urethra of cats. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of cats diagnosed with FLUTD in Hand N Paws Veterinary Clinic from the year July 2019 to July 2020. Signalment, clinical signs, supporting laboratory diagnosis and treatment done were taken from the medical record. Cats at their prime stage (3-6 years old) were more commonly diagnosed at 45.61%. Both castrated and intact male shows higher prevalence compared to female at 31.58% and 29.82% respectively. Domestic short hair are the most common breed at 84.21% but there are no breed predisposition as it is dependenent on the variability of the cat breed in the area. Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) shows the highest prevalence of causing factors for non-obstructive FLUTD while in obstructive FLUTD, the highest causing factors are due to urethral plugs at (10.53%). Most common clinical signs shown by cats are stranguria (36.81%) followed by hematuria (35.09%). Radiopaque substances or distended bladder can are observed in x-ray images in FLUTD cases while in ultrasound imaging, shadowing and thickness of the bladder were seen., Feline lower urinary tract disease (FLUTD) adalah kondisi umum yang memengaruhi kandung kemih dan uretra kucing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui prevalensi kucing yang terdiagnosis FLUTD di Klinik Hewan Hand N Paws pada Juli 2019 hingga Juni 2020. Sinyal, tanda klinis, penunjang diagnosis laboratorium dan pengobatan yang telah dilakukan diambil dari perangkat lunak medis. Kucing pada stadium awal (umur 3-6 tahun) lebih banyak terdiagnosis FLUTD sebesar 45,61%. Kucing jantan yang sudah maupun yang belum dikebiri menunjukkan prevalensi terdiagnosis FLUTD lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kucing betina, yaitu masing-masing sebesar 31.58% dan 29.82%. Kucing domestik berbulu pendek merupakan ras yang paling banyak didiagnosis FLUTD yaitu 84,21% tetapi tidak ada predisposisi terhadap ras karena tergantung pada variabilitas ras kucing di daerah tersebut. Feline idiopathic cystitis (FIC) merupakan factor dengan prevalensi terteingi penyebab FLUTD non-obstruktif, sedangkan pada FLUTD obstruktif, faktor penyebab tertinggi adalah akibat sumbatan uretra sebesar 10,53%. Tanda klinis paling umum yang ditunjukkan kucing adalah stranguria (36,81%) diikuti dengan hematuria (35,09%). Sifat radiopak atau kandung kemih yang distensi dapat diamati dengan gambaran x-ray pada kasus FLUTD, sementara pada pencitraan ultrasound, yang terlihat adalah bayangan dan penebalan kandung kemih.
Keyword: feline, Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease, prevalence

Judul: Analysis of Unequal Income Distribution with Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Abstrak: This paper studies the economic growth model by Moav (2002). Moav model shows the existence of unequal income distribution between low-income with high-income community. That kind of unequal income distribution is caused by uneven distribution of income. On this Moav model, there is one area called the threshold. Threshold becomes a benchmark to determining whether a society is categorized into low- or high- income community. The production function used in this paper is the Cobb-Douglas function. The dynamics of this model is described as difference equation of low-income, threshold, and high-income community. Simulation study on the model is carried out using Maple 13 and Mathematica 7.0 software. Overall, from the observed case, high-income community will reach a stable condition earlier, followed by the threshold, and then the low-income community.
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