Judul: Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Seed Sorting and The Relationship of Seed Size with Seed Quality
Abstrak: Kedelai merupakan komoditas palawija penting dan permintaan konsumsinya terus meningkat. Produktivitas kedelai nasional tergolong rendah sehingga belum mampu memenuhi permintaan nasional. Produksi kedelai nasional dapat ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan benih bermutu. Mutu benih sangat berkaitan dengan ukuran benih. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran benih terhadap mutu benih kedelai. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor ukuran benih yang terdiri dari empat taraf yaitu ukuran besar, sedang, kecil, dan campuran, serta dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak tiga ulangan. Varietas Grobogan ukurannya relatif lebih besar dibandingkan varietas Demas 1. Benih Grobogan dengan diameter ≥ 0,67 cm dikategorikan benih ukuran besar, sedangkan diameter ≤ 0,61 cm dikategorikan benih berukuran kecil. Benih Demas 1, ukuran besar memiliki diameter ≥ 0,50 cm dan benih ukuran kecil memiliki diameter ≤ 0,47 cm. Ukuran benih berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot kering kecambah normal varietas Grobogan dan Demas 1, dan pengaruh nyata terhadap indeks vigor benih kedelai varietas Demas 1. Ukuran benih kecil Demas 1 menunjukkan indeks vigor dan BKKN tertinggi, sebaliknya ukuran benih besar Grobogan menunjukkan BKKN tertinggi. Ukuran benih kecil menunjukkan daya hantar listrik lebih rendah. Benih ukuran kecil menunjukkan kemunduran vigor yang relatif lebih rendah setelah pengusangan cepat. Laju imbibisi dipengaruhi luas penampang yang dibuktikan dengan varietas Grobogan yang memiliki ukuran lebih besar memiliki laju imbibisi lebih besar dibandingkan benih kedelai Demas 1. Pemilahan benih kedelai mampu memisahkan benih menjadi empat kategori, dan benih berkategori kecil memiliki viabilitas, vigor, dan vigor daya simpan lebih tinggi., Soybean is an important grain commodities and its consumption demand increases, yearly. Soybean productivity in Indonesia is recorded low, and could not suply the national demand. Soybean production could be increased by encourage the use of seed high-quality. Seed quality closely correlates to seed size. The research was aimed to obtaine the seed size effect on viability and vigor of soybean seed. A Randomized Completely Design with three replications was applied, and the factor was seed size that consist of four sizes, i.e. large, immadiate, medium, small, and mixture. Grobogan variety had a larger size than Demas 1. Seed size chategorizes on Grobogan were ≥ 0,67 cm (large) and ≤ 0,61 cm (small), while on Demas 1 were ≥ 0,50 cm (large) and ≤ 0,47 cm (small). The seed size has a significant effect on dry weight of normal seedling (DWNS) both variety, and vigor index of Demas 1. Small seed resulted the highest vigor index and DWNS on Demas 1, contrary, large seed showed the highest DWNS on Grobogan. Small seed also resulted the lowest electry conductivity more than other sizes. Small seed manifested the lower vigor detioration after accelarate ageing test, relatively. Imibition rates exteremly affected by cross-sectional area of the seed. It was evidenced of Grobogan that chategorized was large seed, where its imbibition rates higher than Demas 1. Sortation of soybean seed could separated the seed in four size groups, i.e. small, medium, large, and mixture. Small seed indicated the high viability, vigor, and seed longevity-vigor.
Keyword: accelerated aging test, electricity conductivity, imbibition rates, viability, vigor

Judul: The Effect of Mung Bean Seed Size on the Physiological Quality of Mung Bean Seed
Abstrak: Kacang hijau termasuk salah satu komoditas unggul ekspor tanaman pangan. Upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi kacang hijau harus diimbangi dengan penyediaan benih yang memiliki nilai mutu benih tinggi. Mutu fisik dan mutu fisiologis termasuk dari aspek mutu benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran benih terhadap mutu fisiologis benih kacang hijau pada varietas Vima 1 dan Vima 3. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei sampai Juli 2023. Tempat pelaksanaan penelitian di Laboratorium Pengolahan Benih Seed Center dan Laboratorium Penyimpanan dan Pengujian Mutu Benih, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan faktor tunggal yaitu ukuran benih dengan empat taraf ukuran (besar, sedang, kecil dan campuran). Taraf ukuran campuran berasal dari kondisi awal tanpa pemilahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran benih pada varietas Vima 1 berpengaruh terhadap bobot kering kecambah normal, indeks vigor setelah pengusangan, daya hantar listrik sebelum dan setelah pengusangan. Ukuran benih varietas Vima 3 berpengaruh terhadap indeks vigor setelah pengusangan, daya hantar listrik sebelum dan setelah pengusangan. Benih berukuran besar pada varietas Vima 1 memiliki bobot kering kecambah normal paling tinggi 0,85 g dengan kebocoran membran paling rendah dan nilai daya hantar listriknya 21,70 μS/ cm.g. Benih berukuran besar pada varietas Vima 3 memiliki nilai daya hantar listrik paling rendah disaat sebelum pengusangan 24,44 μS/ cm.g dan setelah pengusangan 18,60 μS/ cm.g. Benih berukuran besar hasil pemilahan dengan air screen cleaner menunjukkan mutu paling baik pada kedua varietas., Green beans are one of the leading export commodities for food crops. Efforts to increase green bean production must be balanced with the provision of seeds that have high seed quality values. Physical quality and physiological quality are included in the aspect of seed quality. This study aims to analyze the effect of seed size on the physiological quality of mung bean seeds in Vima 1 and Vima 3 varieties. This research was conducted from May to July 2023. The location of the research was the Seed Center Seed Processing Laboratory and Seed Quality Testing and Storage Laboratory, Institute of Agriculture Bogor. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with a single factor, namely seed size with four size levels (large, medium, small, and mixed). Mixed-size levels are derived from the initial conditions without sorting. The results showed that the seed size of the Vima 1 variety had an effect on the dry weight of normal sprouts, the vigor index after being worn out, and the electrical conductivity before and after being worn out. The seed size of the Vima 3 variety has an effect on the vigor index after obsolescence, and electrical conductivity before and after obsolescence. The large seeds of the Vima 1 variety had the highest dry weight of normal sprouts at 0.85 g with the lowest membrane leakage and an electrical conductivity value of 21.70 μS/ cm.g. Large seeds of the Vima 3 variety have the lowest electrical conductivity value before aging 24.44 μS/ cm.g and after aging 18.60 μS/cm.g. Large seeds as a result of sorting with air screen cleaner show the best quality in both varieties.
Keyword: ukuran benih, viabilitas, vigor, vima 1, vima 3

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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