Judul: Analysis of Agricultural Machinery Needs in Rice Cultivation in Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province
Abstrak: Faktor utama untuk meningkatkan produktivitas budidaya padi adalah manusia. Mengurangi beban kerja petani dapat meningkatkan produktivitas budidaya padi. Untuk mengurangi beban kerja petani diperlukan mekanisasi pertanian. Alsintan memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas pertanian, sehingga pemahaman yang tepat mengenai kebutuhan alsintan dapat membantu petani dalam mengoptimalkan proses budidaya padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan alat dan mesin pertanian (alsintan) dalam budidaya padi di Kabupaten Toba, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dan wawancara dengan petani padi di Kabupaten Toba dan sumber terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar petani membutuhkan alsintan modern seperti power wedder, combine harvester, dan knapsack power duster. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan tenaga kerja maksimum yaitu sebesar 41 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 594 unit power wedder untuk penyiangan, 4 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan tenaga kerja minimum yaitu sebesar 67 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 1.283 unit power wedder untuk penyiangan, 633 unit knapsack power duster untuk pemupukan, 14 combine harvester untuk pemanenan., The main factor in increasing the productivity of rice cultivation was human labor. Reducing the workload of farmers could enhance the productivity of rice cultivation. To reduce the workload of farmers, agricultural mechanization was necessary. Agricultural machinery played an important role in increasing agricultural efficiency and productivity; thus, a proper understanding of the need for agricultural machinery could help farmers optimize the rice cultivation process. This study aimed to analyze the need for agricultural tools and machinery (alsintan) in rice cultivation in Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research method used was surveys and interviews with rice farmers in Toba Regency and related sources. The results of the study indicated that most farmers needed modern agricultural machinery such as power weeders, combine harvesters, and knapsack power dusters. The need for agricultural machinery under the condition of maximum labor availability was 41 transplanter units for planting, 594 power weeder units for weeding, and 4 combine harvester units for harvesting. The need for agricultural machinery under the condition of minimum labor availability was 67 transplanter units for planting, 1,283 power weeder units for weeding, 633 knapsack power duster units for fertilization, and 14 combine harvester units for harvesting.
Keyword: rice cultivation, agricultural machinery and equipment, workload

Judul: Requirement Analysis of Agricultural Machinery on Rice Cultivation Based on Physical Workload in Wonogiri Regency
Abstrak: Aktivitas budidaya padi mengharuskan petani sebagai sumber tenaga utama menerima beban kerja. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada peran alsintan untuk meringankan beban kerja petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kebutuhan alsintan serta produktivitas energi dari kegiatan budidaya padi. Secara umum, tahapan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, perhitungan data, dan analisis data dengan metode deskriptif. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan petani maksimum adalah sebesar 303 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 865 unit power weeder untuk penyiangan, dan 41 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Sementara itu untuk kondisi ketersediaan minimum, kebutuhan alsintannya sebesar 481 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 1.257 unit power weeder untuk penyiangan, 61 unit knapsack power duster untuk pemupukan, dan 164 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Produktivitas energi petani pada ketiga kondisi tersebut masing-masing adalah 0,04 kgGKP/kkal untuk kondisi aktual, 0,05 kgGKP/kkal pada kondisi petani maksimum, dan 0,13 kgGKP/kkal untuk kondisi ketersediaan petani minimum., Rice cultivation activities require farmers as the main source of labor to receive workload. Therefore, there needs to be a role of agricultural machinery to ease the workload of farmers. This research aims to determine the needs of agricultural machinery and energy productivity of rice cultivation activities. In general, the stages in this study are data collection, data calculation, and data analysis with descriptive methods. Agricultural machinery needs in maximum farmer availability conditions are 303 units of transplanter for planting, 865 units of power weeder for weeding, and 41 units of combine harvester for harvesting. Meanwhile, for minimum availability conditions, the needs of agricultural machinery are 481 units of transplanter for planting, 1.257 units of power weeder for weeding, 61 units of knapsack power duster for fertilization, and 164 units of combine harvester for harvesting. Farmers' energy productivity in these three conditions is 0,04 kgGKP/kcal for actual conditions, 0,05 kgGKP/kcal in maximum farmer conditions, and 0,13 kgGKP/kcal for minimum farmer availability conditions.
Keyword: agricultural machinery, the productivity of energy, rice, workload

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
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