Judul: The Correlation with Livelihood Patterns of Fisher Households, The Correlation with Livelihood Patterns of Fisher Households
Abstrak: Masyarakat pesisir di Indonesia sebagian besar penduduknya mempunyai sumber penghasilan utama pada subsektor perikanan, salah satunya sebagai nelayan. Nelayan identik dengan pandangan bahwa kehidupan nelayan adalah sebagai rumah tangga miskin. Salah satu upaya mengatasi kemiskinan dalam rumah tangga nelayan adalah dengan menerapkan pola nafkah yang beragam. Modal terkuat yang rumah tangga nelayan andalkan dalam mengelola pola nafkah adalah dengan menerapkan modal sosial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana hubungan modal sosial dengan pola nafkah yang diterapkan rumah tangga nelayan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung dengan data kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner untuk data kuantitatif dan wawancara mendalam untuk data kualitatif. Teknik pengambilan sample atau responden dalam penelitian ini yaitu Stratified random sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan modal sosial dengan pola nafkah rumah tangga nelayan pada kategori kelompok nelayan kapal dan kelompok nelayan sampan yang digunakan rumah tangga nelayan. Dalam hal ini semakin tinggi modal sosial maka semakin beragam pula pola nafkah yang dilakukan rumah tangga nelayan., Most of the coastal communities in Indonesia have their main source of income in the fisheries subsector, one of which is as fishermen. Fishermen are synonymous with the view that fishermen live as poor households. One effort to overcome poverty in fishing households is to implement diverse living patterns. The strongest capital that fishing households rely on in managing their livelihood patterns is by applying social capital. The aim of this research is to analyze the correlation social capital with the livelihood patterns adopted by fishing households. This research uses a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The data collection technique used was an interview technique using a questionnaire for quantitative data and in-depth interviews for qualitative data. The sampling or respondent technique in this research is Stratified random sampling. The results of the research show that there is a correlation social capital with the livelihood patterns of fishing households in the categories of boat fishermen groups and canoe fishermen groups used by fishing households. In this case, the higher the social capital, the more diverse the livelihood patterns carried out by fishing househeholds.
Keyword: Modal Sosial, Pola Nafkah, Rumah Tangga Nelayan

Judul: Analysis of the Correlation between Social Capital of Fishermen's Wives and Decision-Making Patterns in Fishermen's Families (Case: The Fishermen Housing, Pangawaren Kampong, Pamalayan Village, Cikelet District, Garut)
Abstrak: Modal sosial memberikan wawasan bagaimana jaringan sosial, norma, dan kepercayaan berperan dalam memperkuat kesejahteraan keluarga nelayan. Di dalam keluarga nelayan, istri memiliki peran penting dalam kelangsungan hidup keluarga. Peran mereka mencakup aktivitas sosial-ekonomi di darat dan mencari nafkah jika suami tidak mendapatkan pemasukan. Oleh karena itu, terdapat pola pengambilan keputusan dalam keluarga nelayan yang mencerminkan distribusi wewenang antara suami dan istri. Modal sosial sebagai upaya bersama untuk mengelola sumber daya secara kolektif dengan merancang aturan dan sanksi yang berlaku. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis hubungan antara modal sosial istri dengan pola pengambilan keputusan dalam keluarga nelayan. Responden berjumlah 63 orang dengan menggunakan metode sensus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif dengan menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi literatur. Data diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan statistik deskriptif dan uji korelasi Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kepemilikan modal sosial istri nelayan memiliki hubungan yang signifikan namun termasuk kategori cukup dengan tingkat keterlibatan istri dalam pengambilan keputusan keluarga., Social capital provides insight into how social networks, norms and trust play a role in strengthening the welfare of fishing families. In fishing families, wives play an important role in the survival of the family. Their role includes socio-economic activities on land and earning a living if the husband does not earn an income. Therefore, there is a pattern of decision-making in fishing families that reflects the distribution of authority between husband and wife. Social capital as a joint effort to manage resources collectively by designing applicable rules and sanctions. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between wives' social capital and decision-making patterns in fishermen's families. Respondents totaled 63 people using the census method. This study used a quantitative approach supported by qualitative data using questionnaires, in-depth interviews, observations, and literature studies. Data were processed and analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Spearman Rank correlation test. The results showed that the level of social capital ownership of fisherwives has a significant correlation but is included in the moderate category with the level of wife involvement in family decision making.
Keyword: Social Capital, fishermen's wives, fishing families, decision-making

Judul: Enhancement of photon absorbtion on BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films semiconductor using photonic crystals.
Abstrak: In this research, has been conducted BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films manufacturing for mole fraction x = 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55; and concentration of 1 molar using chemical solution depositon (CSD) method. The materials, which are used in this research, are barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%], titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28), 97.999%], gallium trioxide [Ga2O3], 2-methoxyethanol [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] and 1 x 1 cm of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass as substrate. Two BST thin films are made that for BST thin films which are doped by 10% galium (BGST) as p-type layer and pure BST solution as n-type. BST solution is made by reacting barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%] and titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28)] into 2-methoxyethanol solvent [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] in accordance with mass gram for each x value. While, BGST solution is made in the same way as BST solution, plus adding gallium at 10% of the mass of BST. Once all materials are reacted, then vibrated using ultrasonic for 90 minutes, and followed by coating BGST / BST on the TCO substrate. Once the layer is formed, then annealed for 15 hours at temperature of 500 °C with increasing rate of 1.67 oC/minute. Characterizations of BST thin films with or without photonic crystals include the absorbance and transmittance in the visible light spectrum, as well as the electrical photoconductivity characterizations. From BST thin films without photonic crystals indicate that our thin films have light absorption area on almost the entire range of the visible light spectrum even to the infrared range with absorption value over than 67.6%, in addition, it can be seen that the maximum absorbance of BST thin films for all mole fractions lie in blue to green light spectrum region, 457 nm ≤ λ ≤ 570 nm and the minimum in yellow to red light spectrum region, 570 nm ≤ λ ≤ 678 nm. The largest absorbance is found at x = 0.25 with average absorbance value of 92.04% and maximum and minimum absorbance peaks at wavelength of 500.89 and 657.72 nm, respectively. At x = 0.35, average absorbance value decreased to 83.55% with maximum and minimum peaks at 505.73 and 613.68 nm, respectively. Then increased to 91.16% at x = 0.45 with maximum and minimum peaks at 506.04 and 618.56 nm, respectively. At x = 0.55, average absorbance value decreased to 80.12% with maximum and minimum peaks at 507.85 and 608.79 nm, respectively. Moreover, it can be seen that the addition of barium mole fraction leads to wider maximum absorbance or minimum transmittance peaks and narrower minimum absorbance or maximum transmittance peaks in the same range of the green and blue & red light spectrums, respectively. BST thin films with photonic crystals show increasing in absorption for all x values in the range of 3.04 into 13.33%. At x = 0.25, average absorbance percentage increased 3.96% from 92.4 into 95.68%, for x = 0.35 average percentage increased 7.07% into 89.45 from 83.55%. Furthermore, average absorbance of BST thin films at x = 0.45 increased 3.04% from 91.16 into 93.93% and x = 0.55 has
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