Judul: Physical, Chemical Quality, and Metabolizable Energy of Jack Beans (Canavalia ensiformis L.) with the Addition of Protease and Non-Starch Polysaccaride Enzymes
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji kualitas fisik dan kimia serta mengevaluasi penggunaan dari kacang koro utuh (Canavalia ensiformis L.) dengan penambahan enzim NSP dan protease terhadap nilai energi metabolis (EM) dan kecernaan protein. Ternak yang digunakan adalah ayam broiler jantan strain Cobb berumur 35 hari sebanyak 20 ekor dengan rataan bobot badan 2,1 kg ekor-1. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang dibagi ke dalam 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah P0 = Tepung kacang koro dengan kulit yang sudah melalui proses perendaman, perebusan, dan pengeringan; P1 = P0+enzim protease; P2 = P0+enzim NSP; P3 = P0+enzim protease+enzim NSP. Analisis yang diggunakan adalah Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan menggunakan program SPSS 25. Hasil pengukuran energi metabolis pada perlakuan P1, P2, dan P3 menunjukan hasil nyata (P<0,05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan P0. Penambahan enzim NSP dan protease pada bahan pakan dapat meningkatkan nilai energi metabolis pada ayam broiler, The purpose of this experiment to evaluate the physical and chemical quality of jack beans (Canavalia ensiformis) in broiler rations with the addition of NSP and protease enzymes on the value of metabolizable energy (ME) and protein digestibility. Twenty heads of 35-day-old male Cobb strain broiler chickens with an average body weight of 2,1 kg were used in this experiment. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments used in this study were P0 = Jack beans flour that had been soaked, boiled, and dried; P1 = P0+protease enzyme; P2 = P0+NSP enzyme; and P3 = P0+protease enzyme+NSP enzyme. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's further test were used in the SPSS 25 program. The metabolizable energy measurements in the P1, P2, and P3 treatments were significantly (P<0.05) higher than in the P0 treatment. The addition of NSP and protease enzymes to feed ingredients can increase metabolizable energy.
Keyword: energi metabolis, enzim NSP, enzim protease, kacang koro pedang, kecernaan protein

Judul: The Impact of Enzyme Addition on the Physical, Chemical, and Biological Value of Peeled Jack Bean Meal (Canavalia Ensiformis L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menginvestigasi pengaruh pengolahan dan penambahan enzim protease dan enzim polisakarida non pati (NSP) terhadap karakteristik fisik, komposisi kimia, energi dan protein metabolis kacang koro tanpa kulit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Sebanyak 20 ekor ayam digunakan dalam penelitian ini, terdiri dari 16 ekor untuk mengukur energi dan protein metabolis dan 4 ekor untuk mengukur energi endogen. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 (kacang koro tanpa kulit), P1 (P0 + enzim protease), P2 (P0 + enzim NSP), dan P3 (P0 + enzim protease + enzim NSP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan penambahan enzim protease dan NSP pada kacang koro berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap karakteristik fisik, komposisi kimia, dan energi metabolis. Hal ini dikarenakan enzim protease dapat memecah protein menjadi peptida sehingga lebih mudah untuk diserap oleh hewan dan enzim NSP dapat memecah polisakarida non-pati sehingga dapat meningkatkan densitas pakan. Simpulannya, penambahan enzim protease dan NSP pada kacang koro tanpa kulit dapat meningkatkan energi metabolis, menjadikannya sebagai bahan pakan sumber protein alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk ayam broiler., The objective of this research was to investigate the effects of processing, including the addition of protease enzymes and non-starch polysaccharide (NSP) on the physical characteristics, chemical composition, metabolizable energy and protein of peeled jack bean meal. The study employed a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. A total of 20 animals were used in this study, including 16 for measuring metabolizable energy and protein and 4 broiler chickens to measure endogenous. The treatments consisted of P0 (peeled jack bean meal), P1 (P0 + protease enzymes), P2 (P0+ NSP enzymes), and P3 (P0+ protease enzyme + NSP enzyme). The results of the analysis showed that the addition of protease and NSP enzymes to the peeled jack bean meal had a significant (P<0.05) effect on chemical composition, physical characteristics, and metabolizable energy. This was because protease enzyme specifically broke down proteins into smaller peptides, making them more accessible for absorption by the animals and NSP enzymes broke down non-starch polysaccharides which increased the bulk density of the feed. In conclusion, the addition of protease and NSP enzymes to the peeled jack bean meal increase metabolizable energy and making it a promising alternative protein source for broiler chickens
Keyword: metabolic energy, NSP enzyme, Peeled jack bean meal, physical characteristics, protease enzyme, protein digestibility

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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