Judul: Analisis Model Pandemik dan Prepandemik Avian Influenza pada Populasi Manusia
Abstrak: Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by a virus within the subtype of H5N1 in which its transmission caused by birds or human. In human population, transmission process of avian influenza is discussed in the model called: bird model, prepandemic model and pandemic model. The bird model has two equlibrium points. These are saddle disease free equilibrium and stable endemic equilibrium. The endemic equlibrium occurred when the reproduction number of avian influenza is greater than one. In the endemic equilibrium, avian influenza may infect both bird and human. The prepandemic model has two equilibrium points. These are avian influenza dominant equilibrium and human influenza dominant equilibrium. The human influenza dominant equilibrium occurred when the reproduction number of human influenza is greater than one. The pandemic model has one pandemic equlibrium. The human influenza pandemic occurred when the ratio of human influenza invasion, pandemic invasion and the reproduction number of human influenza is greater than one, respectively. The avian influenza pandemic occurred when the ratio of human influenza invasion, pandemic invasion is less than one and the reproduction number of avian influenza greater than one, respectively.
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Judul: Stability Analysis of the Bilinear Incidence and Half-Saturated Incidence Models in the Avian Influenza Epidemic
Abstrak: Flu burung H5N1 adalah contoh patogen yang diketahui sebagai penyebab terjadinya wabah penyakit pada manusia. Penelitian ini berfokus pada pemilihan strategi pengendalian penyakit flu burung dengan menggunakan Model Insidensi Bilinear (BI) dan Insidensi Setengah Jenuh (HSI). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merekonstruksi model, menganalisis sifat kestabilan titik tetap dengan menggunakan fungsi Lyapunov, dan melakukan simulasi numerik dengan beberapa perlakuan. Dalam penelitian ini ditunjukkan bahwa parameter yang berpengaruh adalah parameter populasi yang menerapkan perlindungan diri dan efektivitasnya, parameter tingkat isolasi unggas yang terkena flu burung, serta parameter cakupan vaksin dan efektivitasnya. Peningkatan nilai parameter ini dapat menurunkan bilangan reproduksi dasar sehingga kondisi bebas penyakit dapat terjadi. Sehingga pengontrolan dinamika penyebaran penyakit dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan nilai parameter tersebut., The H5N1 avian influenza is an example of a pathogen that is known to cause human disease outbreaks. This study focuses on selecting avian influenza control strategies using Bilinear Incidence (BI) and Half-Saturated Incidence (HSI) Models. This study aims to reconstruct the model, analyze the stability of a fixed point using the Lyapunov function, and perform numerical simulations with several treatments. This study shows the parameters that influence are the parameters of the population that apply personal protection and its effectiveness, the parameters of the rate of isolation of birds with avian influenza, and the parameters of vaccine coverage and its effectiveness. Increasing the value of this parameter can reduce the basic reproduction number so that disease-free conditions can occur. Hence, controlling the dynamics of disease spread can be done by increasing the value of these parameters.
Keyword: avian influenza, bilinear incidence, H5N1, half-saturated incidence, Lyapunov function

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition