Judul: Desain dan Pengujian Kipas Sentrifugal untuk Alat Pengering Tipe Bak
Abstrak: Padi (Orizae sativa L.) merupakan komoditas pertanian yang penting bagi bangsa Indonesia. Selain komoditas ini merupakan bahan makanan pokok bagi bangsa Indonesia, padi sampai saat ini mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang cukup tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan hasil pertanian lainnya. Peningkatan produksi padi hampir dua kali lipat sejak tahun 1968 sampai 1982. Pada tahun 1968 produksi padi hanya 11,67 juta ton, sedangkan pada tahun 1932 produksinya mencapai 23,80 juta ton (Barret dan Darmadjati, 1985). Peningkatan ini dikarenakan para petani sudah menggunakan teknologi kimia dan biologi dalam budidaya tanaman padi, yaitu berupa penggunaan varietas baru yang tahan terhadap serangan hama dah mempunyai umur pendek. Salah satu tahap dalam penanganan pasca panen hasil pertanian adalah pengeringan. Proses pengeringan perlu dilakukan dengan benar dan baik. Pengeringan biji-bijian dapat dilakukan secara alami dan buatan.
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Judul: Memepelajari alat Pengering Padi Tipe Bak Sirkulasi Ulang Model RDT-22C Di Perusahaan Umum "Sang hyang Seri" Sukamndi
Abstrak: Salah satu program intensifikasi pertanian adalah peningkatan dalam penggunaan benih varietas unggul, sehingga sangat penting untuk ditingkatkan, baik kwalitas, maupun kwantitasnya. Dengan demikian diharapkan dapat meningkat- kan produksi padi di Indonesia, serta dapat menguntungkan bagi petani. Usaha intensifikasi dalam bidang pertanian kurang berhasil tanpa diikuti dengan penanganan yang baik terhadap hasil pertanian tersebut. Tindakan-tindakan penanganan yang baik terhadap hasil pertanian tersebut, yaitu dengan memper- baiki cara dan alat pemanenan, pengangkutan, pengeringan, penggilingan dan penyimpanan. Pengeringan merupakan usaha untuk menghasilkan mutu yang lebih baik dari hasil pertanian. Dengan pengeringan dapat dicegah kerusakan akibat serangga dan mikro-organisma yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan mutu selama penyimpanan. Pengeringan padi dalam bentuk gabah dapat dilakukan dengan jalan penjemuran (alamiah) dan dengan menggunakan alat pengering (buatan). Penjemuran tidak praktis bilamana gabah yang dikeringkan dalam jumlah banyak, karena memerlukan tempat yang cukup luas, tenaga kerja yang banyak dan sangat tergantung terhadap cuaca. Pengamatan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari bagian-bagian alat pengering, proses pengeringan, kontrol pengeringan, laju pengeringan, penggunaan bahan bakar, efisiensi panas keseluruhan, serta biaya pengeringan dari alat penge- ring benih padi tipe bak sirkulasi ulang (recirculating batch drier) model RDT-22C. Dari hasil pengamatan, maka secara garis besarnya alat pengering ini dapat dibagi dalam lima bagian, yaitu (a) Ruang pengeringan, (b) peralatan kipas dan pemanas, (c) sa- luran udara pengering, (d) peralatan sirkulasi, dan (e) alat pengukur…dst
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Judul: Mixed effect models for high –dimensional longitudinal data with latent variables
Abstrak: A set of data that consist of repeated measurements on a large number of outcomes and covariates are known as high-dimensional longitudinal data. The high-dimensional longitudinal data may consist of several effects of interest that cannot be directly measured, known as latent factors or latent variables. During the last decade, the multivariate responses or high-dimensional in longitudinal data have been a big issue. The analysis of high-dimensional longitudinal data is complicated due to its complex correlation structures between outcomes. To understand changes over time of outcome variables, having correlations in individuals with explanatory variables is not enough. Hence, complex correlation structures between outcomes need to be considered. One approach that is commonly used to overcome high-dimensional longitudinal data is simultaneous equation modeling. A well-known simultaneous equation modeling method is the structural equation model (SEM). This approach has several appealing modeling abilities and can be used for high-dimensional longitudinal data. Under the SEM framework, the continuous time SEM is developed to avoid some issues associated with autoregressive and cross-lagged problems in SEM. Another simultaneous equation modeling method is by combining factor analysis and multivariate analysis methods to overcome high dimensional longitudinal data, namely latent factor linear mixed model (LFLMM). The factor analysis is used to reduce the high-dimensional outcomes, and the multivariate linear mixed model is used to study the longitudinal trends of several latent factors. One example of high-dimensional longitudinal data is the General Election Study. This study is carried out repeatedly to observe tendencies towards political attitudes and behavior over time in Belgium. The data contain political information, knowledge, perceptions, and preferences of a political party and the level of participation in politics. One of the most interesting things to study from the data is to analyze the change of political attitudes and behavior of respondents over time. Also, the relationship of changes in these outcomes is important to analyze. The General Election Study in Belgium was designed to include a representative sample of the target population under the Belgian electorate, so accurate estimates about the population could be made. This sampling design was created by the Institute for Social and Political Opinion (ISPO) and the Inter-university Center for Political Opinion Research (PIOP). The Belgian data set contained three subsamples, the Flemish (Dutch-speaking), the Walloon (French-speaking), and the Brussels Capital Region (Dutch and French-speaking). Several studies conducted on the Belgium data are carried out to understand the relationships between the latent variables Individualism (I), Ethnocentrism (E), and Authoritarianism (A) in Flanders. Cross-sectional or a longitudinal studies have also been carried out. In such cases, it is critical to capture the trend of the latent variables over time and, more importantly, whether there is any association or relationships between the development of nationalism (N), ethnocentrism (E), individualism (I), and authoritarianism (A) in Belgium. An empirical analysis of CT-SEM has been done to present the interdependencies among the four latent variables mentioned above on the basis of the General Election Studies for Belgium in 1991, 1995, and 1999 (Interuniversitair steunpunt politieke-opinieonderzoek, 1991, 1995, 1999). Although the four variables have been the subject of
Keyword: Belgium, CT-SEM, high-dimensional longitudinal data, LFLMM, Supplemented EM Algorithm