Judul: Removal of Hexavalent Chromium with Scrap Iron Filling.
Abstrak: Chromium is a transition element commonly found in the environment as trivalent and hexavalent forms. Apparently, the hexavalent form is much more toxic than the trivalent form. Textile wastewater treatment is required in order to prevent hexavalent chromium to contaminate the environment. The methods of this research consisted of effect of pH determination, effect of agitating rate determination, effect of agitating time determination, and effect of iron level determination; and its application in textile wastewater sample. The methods used in textile wastewater application are: determination of textile wastewater hexavalent chromium concentration, determination of textile wastewater hexavalent chromium concentration with standard addition method, and removal of hexavalent chromium in textile wastewater with scrap iron filling. Concentration of hexavalent chromium was determined using visible light spectrophotometry method. Optimum conditions of pH, agitating rate, iron amount, and agitating time obtained were pH 3, 450 rpm, 5 grams, and 10 minutes giving concentrations of hexavalent chromium 16.98 ppm, 15.96 ppm, 0.24 ppm, and 0.14 ppm, respectively. Iron filling could effectively remove hexavalent chromium ions from textile wastewater in a relatively short time. Absorbance of hexavalent chromium in textile coloring process wastewater after the addition of iron filling was 0.002, whereas in textile final wastewater was 0.000.
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Judul: Penentuan Kondisi Optimum pada Proses Fenton dalam Pengolahan Limbah Tekstil
Abstrak: Textile waste from the textile industry activity increases with the textile industry activities. Textile waste has relatively high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), color, total suspended solids (TSS), electrical conductivity, and zinc content. Therefore, waste treatment is needed. One of the waste treatments is Fenton process using Fenton reagent that is hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and ferrous sulfate (FeSO4). Fenton reagent can oxidize and degrade organic compounds. In this study, textile waste was tested based on the influence of pH, concentration of hydrogen peroxide, and the concentration of ferrous sulfate. The largest decrease occurred in the BOD under pH 5 in combination with H2O2 concentration of 25 mg/L and the concentration of FeSO4 50 mg/L. Beside that, this combination showed significant reduction of the three other parameters, namely TSS, electrical conductivity, and zinc content.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii