Judul: Bioremediasi Lahan Tercemar Profenofos Secara ex-situ dengan Cara Pengomposan
Abstrak: Pesticide have significantly increased agricultural yields while impacting detrimentally on the food chain of wildlife and human. Composting bioremediation strategy relies on mixing the primary ingredients of composting with contaminated soil, wherein as the compost matures, the pollutant will be degraded by the active microorganisms within the mixture. Composting is a relatively new clean-up strategy and because of this, there are a limited number of studies. This study was carried out to determine the concentration of profenofos decomposition rate of profenofos-contaminated soil composted with agricultural wastes (such as saw dust, carrot leaves, beef manure). The mixed of them was based on C/N ratio 40, 35 and 30. The degradation of profenofos was measured during the composting. The composting with C/N ratio 30 mineralized profenofos rapidly than the others after 28 days of composting (98% of profenofos). Bioremediation could be increased the crop yield compared to unbioremediated soil. Some kinds of bacteria have been isolated from the compost mixture. Three of them were able to grow in solid medium containing 1500 ppm of profenofos. The ability to degradate the profenofos was tested in mineral salt peptone yeast (MSPY) medium by changing from opaque medium to clear medium. It’s ability was indicated by the formation of clear zones surrounding the bacteria.
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Judul: Bioremediasi Tanah Tercemar Diazinon Secara Ex Situ dengan Menggunakan Kompos Limbah Media Jamur (Spent Mushroom Compost)
Abstrak: Pesticide is a xenobiotic compound and rexalcytran which should be handled seriously in order to prevent human and environment from those negative effects. One of the methods which can be utilized is bioremediation technique which is utilizing fresh spent mushroom compost (SMC). The diazinon contaminated soil whith the concentration of 500 ppm, 1000 ppm and1500 ppm, was added with SMC of 10%, 20% and 30%, then incubated for 28 days. The reduction of diazinon concentrate was analyzed every week through extracted sample with etyl acetat and measured by spectrophotometer. The data processing was conducted by using respon surface method (RSM). Based on this analysis, the maximum point of diazinon concentrate reduction was 88% with the treatment of combination of 30% compost and 1000 ppm diazinon, it was obatined on the 14th. On the 21st day the diazinon concentration reduction was 91.8%. It was the result from combination of 25% compost and 1000 ppm diazinon. On 28th day, the diazinon concentration reduction was 97.5%, result from the treatment of 26% compost and 1000 ppm diazinon. The diazinon degradation process can be effectively ferformed by adding 15-30% compost, with 1000 ppm of diazinon within 21 days incubation. Some of bacteria have been isolated from SMC. that were, Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus brevis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, dan Chromobacterium spp. Those bacteria were able to growth in solid medium which contains diazinon up to 500 ppm, except Bacillus brevis. The ability of bacteria to degrade diazinon based on their properties is forming a clear zone around the colony which is growth in solid medium of mineral salt peptone yeast (MSPY). Apparently, it is only Bacillus cereus is able to degrade diazinon up to 1700 ppm.
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Judul: Beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi ruang dada kancil
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan 10 ekor kancil dewasa jantan dan betina dengan tujuan untuk menge- tahui beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi di dalam ruang dada, meliputi jantung, pembuluh darah yang keluar dan ma- suk jantung serta ukuran-ukuran jantung. Kancil merupakan ruminansia terkecil di dunia, hidup di daerah tropika India, Thailand, Malaysia dan Indonesia bagian barat. Hewan ini dilindungi dan mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk hewan penelitian maupun dibudidayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat jantung rаta-rata adalah 0.69% dari berat rata-rata kancil. Dan ini mirip pada jantung kuda dan anjing. Bentuk jantung lonjong seperti halnya ruminansia. Demikian pula letaknya di dalam ruang dada seperti pada ruminansia dengan adanya Ligamentum sternopericardiacum. Di dalam ventrikel kanan membersit sebuah Musculus (M.) papillaris dari dindingnya dan tiga sampai empat Musculi (Mm.) papillares dari Septum interventriculare. Hanya dua buah Mm. papillares yang berukuran besar dibersitkan dari dinding ventrikel kiri. Percabangan Arteri (A.) coronaria sinistra lebih dominan dari pada A. coronaria dextra. Sedangkan A. sub clavia sinistra dicabangkan langsung dari aorta di dorso- caudal pembersitan Truncus (Tr.) brachiocephalicus…
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