Judul: Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung di Hutan Mangrove Krueng Bayeun, Kabupaten Aceh Timur Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
Abstrak: Mangrove forest is one of the important ecosystems that support the lives of many wildlife species including birds. Birds use mangrove forests as the place for searching food, mating and resting. Nowadays, the condition of mangrove forest in East Aceh is threatened by human activities, such as logging and clearing of land to be used as fishponds, and this consequently makes habitats for birds are getting smaller. On the other side, mangrove forest in East Aceh was estimated to have high diversity of birds, including several protected species. This research was important to provide data on habitat potentials and the diversity of birds in East Aceh. The aims of the study were to measure bird diversity and to identify mangrove potentials as a habitat for bird. It is also expected that the results of this study can be used as a consideration for an ecologically-sound development in the area. The study was conducted in four zones (3 mangroves and 1 fish pond) for 1 months (from June to July 2008). Vegetation analysis using transects was conducted to assess the habitat condition, whilst MacKinnon species list and Point Count methods were applied to collect data on bird diversity and abundance. Twenty-three species of mangroves were identified in the study area. MacKinnon Species List recorded 43 bird species consisted of 23 families. Using point count, 23 birds species were recorded (consisted of 17 families). The highest diversity was found in zone III (H’=2.60), whilst the the lowest was found in zone I (H’=1.44). It was suggested that the high bird diversity in zone III was influenced by the more diverse habitat components available in that zone compare to those in other zones. . The most abundant species in the entire study area was olive-backed sunbird (Cinnyris jugularis). This was caused by the availability of many mangrove flowers in the zone. Most birds used vegetation at the heights of around 3-5 meters above the ground The types of disturbance on birds in the area could be categorized into direct and indirect disturbance. Direct disturbance included egg poaching and hunting while indirect disturbance included mangrove clearing for fish pond and wood harvesting.
Keyword: 

Judul: Struktur Vegetasi dan Mintakat Hutan Mangrove di Kuala Bayeun Kabupaten Aceh Timur Provinsi Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam
Abstrak: Width of mangrove forest in Indonesia is 4.250.000 ha, it has spread in some regions in Indonesia and giving great advantages for humans life (Soerianegara and Kusmana, 1993). One of the spreading location of mangrove forest is in Kuala Bayeun, East Aceh. Increasingly the number of population in Indonesia make some threatened to mangrove forest become larger. To prevent a confusion and clash of interests in using mangrove forest, we needed some informations about potentions and functions of mangrove forest. Among of the factors that influenced the policy about mangrove forest management is information details about zonation structure condition and their vegetation compositions the aims of the research are to identify zonation structure of mangrove forest and to know the composition and their structure of vegetations for each zonations. The method to collecting data was done using vegetations analysis. To analyzing data using important value index, variety index, species distribution, canopy profile and standing potention. Monitoring do to 3 growth levels (tree, stake and seedling) with 3 times repeating to each zonations. In Kuala Bayeun East Aceh, it have four zonations of mangrove forest, there are zonation I with 40 – 60 meters width, zonation II with 140 – 170 meters width, zonation III with 50 – 70 meters width, and zonation IV with 60 – 80 meters width. Total variety of mangrove plants were found in four zonations is 23 varieties, specify zonation I, mangrove plant which have dominated in growth, stake and seedling level is Avicennia marina with each the important value index are 115,69%, 136,36% and 72,47%. Mangrove variety index in tree level is 1,297; stake level is 1,274 and seedling level is 1,202. In zonation II, mangrove plant which have dominated in growth, stake and seedling level is Rhizophora apiculata, with each important value index are 127,55%, 145,09% and 93,51%. Variety index of mangrove in growth, stake and seedling continuously are 1,495; 1,476; and 1,353. In zonation III, mangrove plant which have dominated in growth, stake and seedling level is Ceriops decandra, with each important value index are 146,36%, 99,48% and 54,93%. Variety index of mangrove in growth, stake and seedling continuously are 1,594; 1,942 and 1,704. Zonation IV, mangrove plant which have dominated in growth, stake and seedling level is Xylocarpus granatum, with each important value index are 149,06%, 105,15% and 77,31%. Variety index of mangrove in growth, stake and seedling continuously are 0,881; 1,605 and 1,209. Vegetation structure in fourth zonation has one strata, it is stratum C.
Keyword: 

Judul: Desain Instrumen Pengontrol Otomatis Pasteurisasi Susu
Abstrak: Pasteurisasi merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan ter- hadap susu segar sebelum disimpan pada suhu rendah atau langsung dikonsumsi. Caranya adalah dengan memanaskan sam- pai mencapai suhu minimal 62.8 atau 71.7 °C yang diperta- hankan tetap selama 1800 atau 15 detik. Kombinasi suhu dan waktu dapat dipilih sesuai dengan kemampuan alat. Makin tinggi suhu yang dipilih makin pendek waktunya. Melalui proses pasteurisasi, rasa dan aroma susu tidak berubah dan seluruh bakteri penyebab penyakit (bakteri pa- togen) musnah. Berdasarkan kombinasi suhu-waktu, pasterisasi susu di- bedakan atas tiga metoda, yaitu metoda waktu lama (long hold), temperatur tinggi waktu pendek (HTST) dan temperatur tinggi (UHT). Suhu pasteurisasi dengan metoda waktu lama minimal 62.8 °C yang dipertahankan tetap selama paling se- dikit 1800 detik. Sedang HTST suhu minimalnya adalah 71.7 °C dengan waktu 15 detik atau lebih lama. Pada UHT waktu yang diperlukan adalah dua detik atau lebih singkat dengan suhu 87.8 - 132.2 °C. Pemakaian kombinasi suhu-waktu yang melebih dari ke- tentuan minimalnya akan mempengaruhi rasa, aroma, komposisi ...
Keyword: