Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1) Pada Ayam Lokal Dan Ras Pedaging Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Identification of gene diversity is closely related on production levels. One of the genes that suspected to have an influence on the nature of growth is the insulin-like growth Factor I (IGF-1). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and polymerase chain reaction allows the identification of genetic diversity directly at the DNA level. This study aims to identify the diversity of IGF-1 and find out the variation of genes at several native chicken and broiler. Total number of samples were 100 heads from are native chicken and broiler chicken. Native chicken that consists of four types : 15 kampoeng chickens, 16 kedu chickens, 15 sentul chickens and 15 pelung chickens, 23 arab chickens, and 16 broiler chickens. Using PCR-RFLP method by Pst1 restriction enzyme. Genotyping the IGF-1 gene resulted in two alleles, namely A and B, with three genotypes, namely AA, AB dan BB. The average frequency of the A allele followed by native chickens and broiler chickens was higher (0.68) than the B allele (0.32). AA genotype had the highedt average frequency (0.56) than the AB genotype (0.40) and the BB genotype (0.04). Chi-Square analysis showed that kampoeng chickens, kedu chickens, sentul chickens, pelung chickens, and broiler chickens were in Hardy-weinberg (HW) equilibrium (X2 < X2(0.05)), contrast to arab chickens (X2 > X2(0.05)). The sixth type of chicken has a low heterozygosity values. The closest kinship exists between populations kedu chicken and chicken Sentul at 0.395, and the farthest are the populations of broiler chickens and that is equal to 0.979.
Keyword: genetic polymorphism, IGF-I, broiler chicken, native chickens

Judul: Hubungan Keragaman Gen IGF2 dan GHR terhadap Sifat Pertumbuhan pada Ayam Lokal.
Abstrak: Local chicken is one of local genetic resources which is potential to be developed as meat producer in Indonesia. Local chicken has some superiority such as adapted in tropic and strong immune system but local chicken still has a weakness which is slow growth. Moleculer technique can be used as one of selection method based on MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) which can be determined by identification of major genes that control growth in chicken such as IGF2 (Insuline-like Growth Factor 2) and GHR (Growth Hormone Receptor) genes. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of IGF2 and GHR genes in some local chicken populations and the association with growth traits in kampung chicken. Research consisted of two steps namely analysis of IGF2 and GHR genes polymorphimsm in some chicken populations and association of IGF2 and GHR genes with growth traits in kampung chicken. A total of 313 head of chickens from nine populations consisted of kampung, pelung, sentul, merawang, commercial meat type and the crossbred of kampung-commercial meat type, commercial meat type-kampung, pelung-sentul, and sentul-kampung chickens were used as DNA resources for polymorphism analysis. A total of 56 head of kampung chickens were used as matery for association analysis. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP method (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fargment Length Polymorphism). The data analysis were genotype frequency, allele frequency, heterozigosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and association of genotype and phenotype using GLM (General Linear Model). Result showed there were TC mutation on IGF2 gene and GA mutation on GHR gene. IGF2 gene in all population was polymorphic. GHR gene was monomorphic in pelung, sentul and the crossbreed of pelung-sentul chickens. IGF2 gene had high heterozigosity in the crossbred of pelung-sentul, kampung and crossbred of kampung-commercial meat type whereas there was no population with high heterozigosity on GHR gene. The association analysis showed there was no association between IGF2 and GHR genes polymorphism with growth traits in kampung chicken.
Keyword: GHR gene, growth traits, IGF2 gene, local chicken, polymorphism

Judul: Perencanaan lansekap bumi perkemahan Umbul Songo dalam kawasan Wana Wisata Tuk Songo, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Perencanaan lansekap bumi perkemahan adalah salah satu proses kegiatan yang dilakukan untuk memanfaatkan sumberdaya alam untuk tujuan wisata alam, khususnya bumi perkemahan. Studi ini dilakukan untuk menampung kebutuhan manusia akan rekreasi alam dengan tetap memperhatikan kelestariannya. Tujuan studi ini adalah untuk membuat rencana tapak bumi perkemahan dalam kawasan wana wisata. Studi dilakukan di Bumi Perkemahan Umbul Songo, Desa Kopeng, Salatiga, Jawa Tengah. Lokasi ini berada dalam kawasan Wana Wisata Tuk Songo, Jawa Tengah. Metode Perencanaan yang digunakan adalah pendekatan sistematis untuk perencanaan kawasan rekreasi yang di kemukakan oleh Gold (1980). Tahapannya meliputi persiapan, inventarisasi, analisis, sintesis dan perencanaan. Bumi Perkemahan Umbul Songo merupakan salah satu obyek wisata dalam kawasan Wana Wisata Tuk Songo. Tapak berada pada ekosistem hutan hujan pegunungan yang kaya akan jenis flora dan fauna. Potensi sumberdaya alam yang menunjang keberadaan bumi perkemahan ini adalah tersedianya lahan dengan topografi dibawah 8 %, sumber air bersih dari mata air yang ada pada tapak, ekosistem hutan dengan pemandangan almnya yang menarik serta adanya obyek wisata di sekitar tapak. Konsep dasar perencanaan bumi perkemahan ini adalah "bumi perkemahan dalam kawasan hutan". Melalui konsep ini pengunjung diajak untuk lebih mengenal dan mengetahui tentang potensi alam yang ada sekaligus mengajak pengunjung ikut melestarikan sumberdaya alamnya. Diharapkan pengunjung dapat melakukan rekreasi sambil melestarikan alam sehingga rekreasi yang dilakukan bersifat ekoturisme.
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