Judul: Potential of Agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii Gilg.) as Analgesic and Endurance Stimulator in Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki keragaman dalam flora dan faunanya. Hal ini ditambah dengan unsur tradisional yang masih kental di Indonesia menyebabkan pemanfaatan tanaman tradisional sebagai bahan obat masih marak digunakan. Pohon gaharu merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak digunakan batangnya untuk wewangian, dupa, dan obat tradisional. Akan tetapi, pemanfaatan bagian daun gaharu masih belum banyak digunakan meskipun sudah terbukti mengandung banyak senyawa berkhasiat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi daun gaharu sebagai analgesik dan stimulator stamina. Pengujian analgesik dilakukan dengan metode tail immersion test, sedangkan stimulator stamina menggunakan metode ketahanan berenang. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit jantan yang diberi infusa daun gaharu dengan berbagai dosis, yaitu 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB, dengan kelompok 0 menjadi kelompok kontrol. Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit. Pemberian infusa daun gaharu dilakukan secara per oral dalam tiga kali pengulangan dengan selang selama satu hari. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) one way dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis 4 g/kg BB infusa daun gaharu menghasilkan efek analgesik serta stimulan yang lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan dosis lainnya. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa infusa daun gaharu dapat digunakan sebagai analgesik dan stimulator stamina alami.
Keyword: analgesik, infusa, mencit, stamina, daun gaharu

Judul: Potency Of Ginkgo Biloba Infusion As An Analgesic And Stamina Stimulator In Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Ginkgo biloba, a renowned botanical with a rich historical legacy in traditional medicine, has garnered significant attention in modern pharmacological research due to its diverse therapeutic properties. This research aims to synthesize current knowledge surrounding the analgesic and stamina-enhancing effects of Ginkgo biloba infusion. Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as maidenhair tree, is revered for its phytochemical composition, which includes flavonoids, terpenoids, and ginkgolides. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of Gingko biloba leaves in capsule form infusion as an analgesic and stamina in various dose in a mice. A total of 20 male mice were used and each group consist of 5 mice. It was grouped into control, and Gingko biloba infusion at dose of 1, 2, and 4 g/kg BW. The analgesic and stamina test was conducted through tail flick test and swimming endurance test respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Excel. Based on this research, the effective dose for analgesic test and stamina test is is 4 g/kg BW and 1 g/kg BW respectively. Gingko biloba have been proven to increase the analgesic effect and increase stamina stimulation, Ginkgo biloba adalah tumbuhan herbal yang terkenal dalam pengobatan tradisional dan telah menarik perhatian besar dalam penelitian farmakologi modern karena beragam sifat terapeutiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis pengetahuan terkini seputar efek analgesik dan peningkatan stamina dari infusa Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo biloba, umumnya dikenal sebagai pohon maidenhair, karena komposisi fitokimianya, yang meliputi flavonoid, terpenoid, dan ginkgolida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas infusa daun Gingko biloba dalam bentuk kapsul sebagai analgesik dan stamina pada berbagai dosis pada mencit. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit jantan digunakan dan masing- masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit jantan galur Deutschland Denken Yoken dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan mencit yang diberi infusa Gingko biloba dengan dosis 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB secara peroral. Uji analgesik dan stamina dilakukan masing-masing melalui uji analgesik (Tail flick test) dan uji stamina (Swimming endurance test). Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Berdasarkan penelitian, dosis efektif untuk uji analgesik adalah 4 g/kg BB dan 1 g/kg BB untuk uji stamina. Gingko biloba terbukti menimbulkan efek analgesik dan meningkatkan stamina
Keyword: Analgesic, Ginko Biloba, Tail immersion Tesy, Swimming Test

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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