Judul: Evaluasi Kerusakan Fisik Pohon dalam Upaya Mitigasi Pohon Tumbang pada Jalur Hijau Jalan di Jakarta Pusat
Abstrak: The presence of trees at the roadside greenbelt has the greatest influence among other vegetation types in improving the environmental quality. Therefore, the physical condition of tree became things to note because can result of a broken tree branches or twigs or fall of a tree which can lead to traffic accidents that would endanger the safety of road users. This study aims to analyze trees phsycal force to find the resistance of a broken tree branches or twigs or fall of a tree. In this case, the roads have been surveyed including H. Agus Salim Street, Teuku Umar Street, Diponegoro Street, Imam Bonjol Street, Sutan Syahrir Street, dan Moh. Yamin Street in Central Jakarta. The collected data are species and number of tree, type of damaged, place of damaged, condition of damaged, and incident of fallen tree in location. The data were analyzed with plant physiognomy approach. There are 1.646 trees were observed in six roadside greenbelt and 1.413 of them were damaged. Based on value of index tree damage classification 650 including healthly trees, 847 low damaged trees, 167 medium damaged trees, and 12 high damaged trees. Handling of each trees adjusted base on type and severity of damaged based on eradication and protection principles.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), roadside greenbelt, physical damages, mitigate, fallen trees

Judul: Evaluasi Kerusakan Fisik Pohon dalam Upaya Menghadirkan Pohon yang Aman di Jalur Hijau Jalan, Kota Padang
Abstrak: Jalur hijau jalan berfungsi dalam menjaga lingkungan dan dapat memodifikasi iklim mikro sehingga mampu menghadirkan kenyamanan bagi pengguna jalan. Kondisi fisik pohon dengan kondisi yang buruk dapat menghambat fungsinya serta dapat menyebabkan pohon patah cabang hingga tumbang. Pohon tumbang dapat menjadi salah satu penyebab kecelakaan lalu lintas yang dapat membahayakan penggunaan jalan. Untuk mencegah kecelakaan lalu lintas dan kerugian lainnya yang disebabkan oleh pohon tumbang perlu dilakukan evaluasi kerusakan fisik pohon pada jalur hijau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi kerusakan fisik pohon pada jalur hijau jalan dengan menganalisis pengaruh faktor fisik dan unsur iklim hingga pengajuan rekomendasi penanganan pohon yang tepat untuk mencegah atau merehabilitasi terjadinya patah ranting/cabang atau pohon tumbang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jalan Khatib Sulaiman, Jalan Rasuna Said dan Jalan Ujung Gurun di Kota Padang. Metode yang digunakan mengacu pada metode FHM (Forest Health Monitoring) menggunakan indeks kerusakan yang telah ditetapkan USDA Forest Service. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa jenis kerusakan, lokasi kerusakan, tingkat kerusakan, tinggi pohon, diameter batang pohon, jenis pohon, jumlah pohon, data curah hujan, data kecepatan angin dan data kejadian pohon tumbang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan pendekatan fisiognomi tanaman mengacu pada FHM (USDA Forest Health Monitoring) dan analisis regresi linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat 853 pohon yang diamati pada tiga jalur hijau jalan. Jumlah pohon yang tidak mengalami kerusakan sebanyak 299 pohon dan pohon yang mengalami kerusakan sebanyak 544 pohon dengan kerusakan total 1.106 kerusakan. Lokasi kerusakan terbanyak terjadi pada batang bagian bawah sebesar 32,9%, percabangan dalam tajuk sebesar 20,5% serta kuncup dan tunas sebesar 19,8%. Terdapat 11 jenis kerusakan yang terjadi dengan kerusakan terbanyak pada luka terbuka sebesar 32,4%, mati ujung sebesar 20,1% dan cabang patah atau mati sebesar 18,1%. Berdasarkan nilai indeks kerusakan pohon, 616 termasuk pohon sehat, 208 pohon rusak ringan, 29 pohon rusak sedang dan tidak ditemukan pohon rusak berat. Hasil analisis menunjukan tinggi pohon dan diameter pohon berkorelasi dengan kerusakan fisik pohon dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,583 dan 0,475. Curah hujan berpengaruh 0,1% sebagai penyebab pohon tumbang dan kecepatan angin berpengaruh 34,9% sebagai penyebab pohon tumbang. Penanganan kerusakan fisik pohon dilakukan secara eradikasi dan proteksi. Terdapat 1.074 tindakan pengendalian fisik pada ketiga jalur hijau jalan yang terdiri dari 134 pemangkasan ringan, 67 pemangkasan sedang, 38 pemangkasan berat, 135 penambalan batang keropos (cavity treatment), 697 pembersihan batang dan 3 pembersihan pada akar.
Keyword: fallen trees, physical damages, roadside greenbelt

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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