Judul: Konversi Lignoselulosa Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit menjadi Gula Pereduksi Menggunakan Enzim Xilanase dan Selulase Komersial
Abstrak: Oil palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) has the potential to hydrolized into reducing sugar. This research aimed to know best concentration and time of enzymatic hydrolysis using commercial xylanase and cellulase. OPEFB was milled, delignification of OPEFB, proximat analysis, chemical hydrolysis, detoxification and decolorization, and enzymatic hydrolysis by commercial xylanase and cellulase were done. Enzymatic Hydrolysis of OPEFB was used 2 different enzymes, xylanase and cellulase, which 2 different concentrations were used, 0.25% and 0.5% as well as hydrolysis time for 48 hours and 96 hours. After 48 hours hydrolysis by xylanase showed reducing sugar level 50.5 mg/L, and after 96 hours hydrolysis by cellulase showed 56.7 mg/L. Combination hydrolysis by 0.5% cellulase and netralization by HCl 1% and CH3COOH 1% showed reducing sugar level 56.7 mg/L and 21.04 mg/L respectively, larger than hydrolysis by 0.25% cellulase. Combination Hydrolysis by 0.5% xylanase and netralization by 1% HCl and 1% CH3COOH showed reducing sugar level 50.5 mg/L and 28.47 mg/L respectively, larger than hydrolysis by 0.25% xylanase.
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Judul: Konversi Langsung Limbah Cair Pabrik Kelapa Sawit menjadi Gula Pereduksi pada Kondisi Aerobik
Abstrak: The utilization of lignocellulosic materials from palm oil mill effluent (POME) for reducing sugar production attract increasing attention as an abundantly available and cheap renewable residue. The most challenging part in conversion of lignocellulosic materials is the direct conversion process in order to obtain a reducing sugar. The influence factors and response surface of the shaking culture rate and cultivation time were investigated towards the direct conversion in POME. The determination of shaking culture rate was carried out in the range of 100 until 150 rpm and cultivation time for 2 until 6 days. The experiment design used to determine the response surface was Central Composit Design (CCD) with three center point. The result of this research showed that the shaking culture rate negatively affect the direct conversion with 90.09 %. The response surface shape of the equation resulted the saddle point. The best forecast for direct conversion process obtained at the shaking culture rate of 152.28 rpm and cultivation time of 4.35 days and the degradation of cellulose’s value was 0.61 g/l or 7.68% with total of reducing sugar obtained of 0.81 g/l.
Keyword: aerobic, optimization, response surface, POME, direct conversion

Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg