Judul: Copra marketing in inderagiri hilir a region analysis
Abstrak: Coconut production in Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir is similar to coconut production areas in other parts of Indonesia which is a multi-faceted enterprise. Product- ion is widely scattered throughout the district. However, new plantings are predominantly located in the frontier areas of the district. Farm sizes range from under one hectare to very large, well over 100 hectares. However, most of the farms are family sized units, with approximately 70 percent of the farms being from two to ten hectares in size. These farms occupy about 60 percent of the coconut hectarage in Indragiri Hilir. Productivity varies greatly according to the various management practices used. Fertilizer is rarely practiced except at the time of planting of the coconut seed. Some farmers also use vitriol ("terusi") as an additional fertilizer application during growth and production. Thus, the main measurement for management practice was the frequency of clearing the plantation. Presently, the proportion of old palm is increasing each year because new plantings have been on a small scale. Yield of nuts per bearing tree is below what could be achieved through a higher proportion per year of new plantings and better management practices. The market structure within the coconut marketing area of Indragiri Hilir indicated a monopsony and an oligopsony framework at the interinsular level. The oligopsony is not only by firm but also by product use. However, within the copra marketing structure, including the Jakarta copra market, competitive forces do prevail. Vertical integration in the form of physical owner- ship of market facilities at various levels does not exist. However, several marketing firms extend credit, tied to the delivery of copra. Thus, the result resembles, in large part, a vertically integrated structure. Prices at the various marketing levels appear to be directly related to each other. The price differences between each market level depend on marketing costs at each level. A price change at the coconut oil industry level (Jakarta price) is reflected back to the village price. There is an economic incentive for the large plantation operator to produce a higher quality copra compared to small operators. Part of this incentive is due to the act that small producers are not able to afford adequate drying and storage facilities since they would frequently
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Judul: Sustainability of Smallholdings Coconut Plantation Indragiri Hilir Regency
Abstrak: Salah satu komoditas perkebunan penting di Indonesia adalah kelapa (cocos nucifera). Perkebunan kelapa di Indonesia merupakan terluas di dunia, dimana perkebunan kelapa rakyat merupakan perkebunan dominan. Luasan lahan tersebut tentunya akan memberikan keuntungan bagi devisa negara, selain itu perkebunan kelapa juga memberikan sumber pendapatan utama petani yang banyak melibatkan petani-petani kecil dalam usahatani yaitu sekitar 20 juta jiwa keluarga petani. Secara potensi Indonesia memiliki posisi strategis besar di bidang industri ekspor kelapa. Provinsi Riau memiliki luas terbesar perkebunan kelapa di Indonesia dimana Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir merupakan penghasil utama kelapa yang menjadi komoditas andalan di Provinsi Riau. Perkebunan kelapa di Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir setiap tahunnya mengalami instabilitas yang cenderung menurun. Penurunan ini diduga dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor antara lain, (1) banyaknya tanaman yang sudah tua dan rusak yang seharusnya diremajakan, (2) petani tidak melakukan teknik budidaya sesuai dengan cara yang benar disebabkan oleh kurangnya kepedulian, motivasi, usaha pengendalian hama dan penyakit dalam perawatan dan usahatani yang disebabkan oleh ketebatasan pengetahuan, alat dan bahan, (3) munculnya komoditas perkebunan lain yang di anggap lebih menguntungkan dan bernilai ekonomis oleh petani. Penelitian mengenai keberlanjutan telah banyak dilakukan pada perkebunan rakyat yaitu perkebunan kelapa sawit, perkebunan karet, dan perkebunan kakao rakyat, akan tetapi untuk perkebunan kelapa rakyat tidak pernah dilakukan, sehingga penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi keberlanjutan terkini usahatani perkebunan kelapa rakyat Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, dan bertujuan untuk menganalisis status keberlanjutan perkebunan kelapa rakyat menggunakan metode Multidimensional Scaling (MDS). Analisis MDS multidimensi sebagai aspek yang dikaji pada penelitian ini yaitu dimensi ekonomi, lingkungan, dan sosial budaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer yang diperoleh dari 45 responden di tiap-tiap kecamatan, yang dilakukan pada empat wilayah Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir, yaitu Kecamatan Enok, Keritang, Mandah, dan Kecamatan Pulau Burung. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara langsung dengan responden petani dan para ahli yang konsentrasi pada perkelapaan yang dipilih secara purposive, data sekunder diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik, Dinas Pertanian dan Perkebunan, dan literalur lain yang mendukung penelitian ini. Hasil teknik ordinasi Rap-Coconut pada metode MDS menunjukkan nilai indeks keberlanjutan perkebunan kelapa rakyat Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir berkisar antara 25,01-50,00 termasuk kedalam ketegori kurang berkelanjutan. Pada analisis indeks keberlanjutan untuk ke-tiga dimensi masing-masing adalah 48,01 (ekonomi), 33,76 (ekologi), dan 28,06 (sosial budaya) termasuk kedalam kategori kurang berkelanjutan dari total nilai 100,00 untuk nilai baik (sangat berkelanjutan). Keberlanjutan usahatani perkebunan kelapa rakyat pada masing-masingdimensimemiliki indeks keberlanjutan yang berbeda-beda sehingga diperlukan adanya kebijakanuntuk mengevaluasi keberlanjutan usahatani perkebunan kelapa rakyat Kabupaten Indragiri Hilir agar meningkatkan status keberlanjutan perkebunan kelapa rakyat., One of the important plantation commodities in Indonesia is coconut (cocos nucifera). Coconut plantations in Indonesia are the largest in the world, where people's coconut plantations are the dominant plantations. The area of land will certainly provide benefits for the foreign exchange of the country, in addition coconut plantations also provide the main source of income of farmers who involve many small farmers in farming, namely about 20 million people of farming families. Potentially Indonesia has a large strategic position in the coconut export industry. Riau Province has the largest area of coconut plantations in Indonesia where Indragiri Hilir Regency is the main
Keyword: Rap-Coconut analysis, sustainability dimension, sustainability of people's coconut, plantations, multidimensional Scaling (MDS)

Judul: Mathematical model of Hematopoietic Stem Cell in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia with and without Therapy
Abstrak: Leukemia or blood cancer is a diverse group of neoplastic disease, characterized by the multiplication of abnormal leukocytes or malignant transformation of blood-forming cells in bone marrow and lymphoid tissues. One of the most common types of leukemia is Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML), which is usually diagnosed by the presence of certain chromosomal abnormalities, the so-called Philadelphia chromosome (Ph). One of the treatments of CML is Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor (G-CSF). In this paper, we discuss two Hematopoietic Stem Cell (HSC) models, i.e. HSC without treatment and HSC with G-CSF treatment. The model of HSC without treatment included three equations representing the dynamics of HSC, leukocyte and platelet. Whereas, the model of HSC with G-CSF treatment includes the previous three equations and adds two more equations representing G-CSF injection and G-CSF circulation. The stability behavior of the system approaching the equilibrium points in the simulation study is carried out using Mathematica 7.0. The simulation results show that the G-CSF treatment can successfully decrease the number of HSC, which means reducing the CML.
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