Judul: Evaluation Increased Production Quantity and Quality of Carrageenan Kappaphycus alvarezii to the Basket Method Cultivation System
Abstrak: Kappaphycus alvarezii merupakan salah satu jenis rumput laut merah bernilai ekonomis tinggi yang menjadi bahan utama karaginan dunia. Permintaan akan komoditas ini sangat tinggi. Hal itu dikarenakan pengolahan karaginan dari rumput laut K. alvarezii banyak dimanfaatkan dalam industri makanan, kosmetik, farmasi, dan industri lainnya seperti industri kertas, tekstil, fotografi, pasta dan pengalengan ikan., Kappaphycus alvarezii is one species of red seaweed high economic value that becomes the main ingredient carrageenan world. Demand for commodities is very high. That's because the processing of carrageenan from seaweed K. alvarezii widely used in the food industry, cosmetics, pharmaceutical, and other industries such as the paper industry, textiles, photography, pasta and fish canning.
Keyword: Kappaphycus alvarezii, quality carrageenan, methods of cultivation

Judul: Proses Produksi Karaginan Skala Pilot Plant dari Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii dan Pemetaan Potensinya
Abstrak: Kappaphycus alvarezii is one of the seaweeds from Rhodophyceae class, better known as Eucheuma cottonii. Its potential development in Indonesia is quite large and it is a producer of carrageenan. Carrageenan is a polysaccharide compound that can be extracted with water or high temperature alkali to form a gel. Commercially, this product is obtained in semi refined carrageenan and refined carrageenan forms. Important parameters in commercial process of carrageenan extraction that will affect the quality of the resulted carrageenan are the concentration of solvent, the ratio of seaweed to solvent, temperature and extraction time. The objectives of this research were: (1) to obtain the optimal alkali treatment process condition to produce alkali treated cottonii (ATC) at laboratory scale, (2) to obtain an extraction process condition using water after alkali treatment to produce refined carrageenan (RC) at pilot plant scale (3) to map the potency of Kappaphycus alvarezii in order to develop the production process of carageenan at pilot plant scale. This research was conducted in several steps. First, the proximate content of the seaweed was analysed. Afterwards, the optimation process in ATC processing was conducted, under these conditions; alkali concentration (6-8%), temperature (70-80oC) and time (1-2 hours). Further step was the optimation of extraction process using water after alkali treatment in RC processing at pilot plant scale. The extraction process selected were the ratio between material (seaweed) and solvent (water) (1:20-1:35), temperature (85-95 oC), and time (2-4 hours). The quality parameters of ATC products were analysed using yield test and gel strength, whereas for RC products, the quality parameters were analysed with yield, water content, ash content, acid-insoluble ash content, sulphate content, gel strength, viscosity and whiteness. Statistical method used was DX 7.0 RSM Box-Behnken. As the final step of this research, a mapping of K. alvarezii potency was conducted to develop pilot plant scale production process of carageenan using the Principal Component Analysis method. Based on RSM Box-Behnken Design, it was known that the concentration of KOH, temperature and time, were significantly influenced the ATC response value. The relationship between variables and ATC yield response can be expressed by Y = -0.97A + 6.59B – 1.79C – 0.05B2 equation, while gel strength can be expressed by Y = 29030.24A + 1488.61B – 521.90C – 406.91AB – 64.50AC – 1984.79A2 + 344.21C2 + 28.02A2B equation. The optimal response of ATC was 92.8%, with process conditions of 6% KOH, temperature at 78.67°C and 1 hour duration. At these conditions, RC yield and gel strength obtained were 38.72% and 1105.31 g/cm2, respectively. The optimum process conditions to produce RC in pilot plant scale were at seaweed and water ratio of 1:25.22, 85.80°C, and 4 hours. At these conditions, the RC yield was 31.74%, the moisture content was 10.69%, the ash content was 30.52%, the acid insoluble content was 0.21%, the sulphate content was 17.12%, the gel strength was 1833.37 g/cm2, the viscosity was 27 cP and the whiteness was 74.8. Further, process technology of carrageenan production was used as a reference in mapping the potential area in developing carrageenan production process at pilot plant
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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