Judul: Hubungan Asupan Air, Status Hidrasi, Dan Kemampuan Kognitif Pada Wanita Usia Lanjut Di Panti Werdha Jakarta Selatan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara asupan air, status hidrasi, dan kemampuan kognitif pada wanita usia lanjut di Panti Werdha, Jakarta Selatan. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah cross sectional study dengan jumlah subjek 40 orang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juli 2016. Asupan air terdiri dari air makanan, air minuman, dan air metabolik. Air makanan dan air minuman didapatkan dengan metode food recall 3x24 jam. Status hidrasi ditetapkan berdasarkan nilai berat jenis urin (USG). Kemampuan kognitif diukur menggunakan kuesioner Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata asupan air subjek adalah 1922.4±430.6 mL/hari. Sebagian besar tingkat kecukupan air subjek termasuk kategori berlebih. Sebanyak 42.5% subjek mengalami dehidrasi dan 25% subjek mengalami gangguan kognitif. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara asupan air dan status hidrasi dengan kemampuan kognitif (p>0.05).
Keyword: asupan air, kognitif, status hidrasi, wanita usia lanjut.

Judul: Hubungan Asupan Air, Status Hidrasi dan, Kemampuan Kognitif pada Wanita Usia Lanjut di Panti Werdha Jakarta Barat
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan asupan air, status hidrasi, dan kemampuan kognitif pada wanita usia lanjut di Panti Werdha Jakarta Barat. Desain penelitian berupa cross sectional study dengan subjek sebanyak 41 orang. Asupan air terdiri dari air makanan, air minuman dan air metabolik. Konsumsi makanan dan minuman didasarkan pada metode food recall 3x24 jam. Status hidrasi didapatkan berdasarkan metode berat jenis urin. Kemampuan kognitif dinilai dengan menggunakan kuesioner Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata total asupan air pada subjek sebesar 1707.9 ± 490.7 mL/hari. Rata-rata tingkat kecukupan air subjek yaitu 121.8 ± 35.7%. Sebanyak 19.5% subjek mengalami dehidrasi berdasarkan metode berat jenis urin secara berturut-turut. Sebanyak 24.4% subjek mengalami gangguan kognitif. Hasil uji Pearson dan Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan nyata antara asupan air, status hidrasi, dan kemampuan kognitif (p>0.05).
Keyword: asupan air, kognitif, status hidrasi, wanita usia lanjut

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable