Judul: sIlahkan mengisi gform pengajuan Bebas Pustaka pada link https://ipb.link/pta-perpusipb
Abstrak: Enzim tripsin merupakan enzim protease yang memiliki fungsi sebagai pemecah ikatan peptida protein. Sumber enzim tripsin komersial umumnya berasal dari pankreas hewan seperti babi dan sapi, namun isu mengenai kehalalan dan kesehatan menjadikan perlu adanya bahan alternatif lain salah satu contohnya yaitu usus ikan. Panjang usus ikan berbeda-beda yang dipengaruhi beberafa faktor seperti kebiasaan makan ikan. Berdasarkan kebiasaan makannya, ikan diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga jenis yaitu herbivora, karnivora, dan omnivora. Enzim tripsin dari usus ikan yang berbeda memiliki karakteristik yang berbeda pula. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik dan stabilitas enzim tripsin dalam NaCl dari usus ikan berdasarkan perbedaan kebiasaan makan ikan. Ikan yang digunakan yaitu ikan baronang, cucut, dan sebelah. Uji yang dilakukan diantaranya yaitu menentukan suhu, pH optimum, pengaruh NaCl terhadap aktivitas enzim, kinetika, dan bobot molekul pada enzim tripsin. Aktivitas enzim tripsin dari ketiga jenis ikan optimum pada suhu 50ºC, pH 8, stabil terhadap larutan NaCl, dan memiliki bobot berkisar 21,9-27,2. Kebiasaan makan ikan yang berbeda tidak mempengaruhi karakteristik enzim tripsin.
Keyword: fish intestine, stability of NaCl, trypsin enzyme

Judul: Characteristics and Stability of Trypsin Enzyme in NaCl Isolated from Intestine, Liver, and Spleen of Tuna
Abstrak: Kebutuhan enzim di Indonesia sangat tinggi dan masih diimpor dari negara lain. Tripsin komersial biasanya diekstraksi dari pankreas babi dan sapi, sehingga diperlukan sumber alternatif lainnya yang bersumber dari ikan, yaitu usus, hati, dan limpa ikan tuna. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik dan stabilitas enzim tripsin dalam NaCl, serta hubungan usus, hati, dan limpa ikan tuna terhadap aktivitas tripsin menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Aktivitas tripsin berada pada kondisi optimum pada suhu 60 ̊C dan pH 8 dengan nilai aktivitas spesifik pada usus sebesar 0,948±0,114 U/mg; hati sebesar 0,610±0,029 U/mg; dan limpa sebesar 0,605±0,159 U/mg. Kecepatan reaksi maksimum (Vmaks) menunjukkan nilai usus yang paling besar sebesar 0,248 mmol/s, diikuti oleh hati 0,138 mmol/s, dan limpa 0,096 mmol/s, sedangkan nilai konstanta (Km) yang diperoleh usus sebesar 2,342 mM; hati sebesar 2,268 mM, dan limpa sebesar 1,276 mM. Bobot molekul pada tripsin berkisar antara 20-30 kDa. Konsentrasi NaCl yang tinggi akan menyebabkan aktivitas semakin menurun. Bagian usus, hati, dan limpa memiliki korelasi positif., The need for enzymes in Indonesia is very high and they are still imported from other countries. Commercial trypsin is usually extracted from the pancreas of pigs and cattle, so that other alternative sources are needed from fish, namely the intestines, liver and spleen of tuna. The relationship between intestine, liver and spleen of tuna trypsin activity using Principal Component Analysys (PCA) was used to determine characterisics and stability of the trypsin enzyme in NaCl as the study aims. Trypsin activity was at its optimum at a temperature of 60 ̊C and pH 8 with a specific activity value in the intestine of 0,948 ± 0,114 U/mg; liver of 0,610 ± 0,029 U/mg; and spleen of 0,605 ± 0,159 U/mg. The maximum reaction speed (Vmax) showed the largest intestinal value of 0,248 mmol/s, followed by the liver 0,138 mmol/s, and the spleen 0,096 mmol/s, while the constant value (Km) obtained by the intestine was 2,342 mM; liver of 2,268 mM, and spleen of 1,276 mM. The molecular weight of trypsin ranges from 20-30 kDa. The high concentration of NaCl decreased the activity. Sections of intestine, liver, and spleen had a positive correlation.
Keyword: karakteristik enzim tripsin, stabilitas NaCl, jeroan tuna

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite