Judul: Characteristics of Chitosan-Agar Based Bioplastics with the Addition of Different Amounts of Sorbitol as a Plasticizer
Abstrak: Plastik telah menjadi salah satu penyumbang sampah terutama di lingkungan perairan. Penggunaan plastik sebagai kemasan telah menjadi gaya hidup di banyak negara yang memicu kebutuhan plastik yang cukup tinggi. Pembuatan bioplastik berbasis agar masih memiliki sifat fisik yang kurang baik seperti kaku dan kurang elastis. Penambahan material lain seperti kitosan dan sorbitol diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat bioplastik yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan formula terbaik dari campuran kitosan dan agar sebagai bahan pembuatan bioplastik dengan jumlah plasticizer sorbitol yang berbeda serta mengetahui karakteristik sifat fisikokimia material bioplastik yang dihasilkan. Tahapan penelitian meliputi pencampuran kitosan, agar, dan sorbitol (0%, 1%, 1,25%, dan 1,5%), pencetakan bioplastik dan karakterisasi bioplastik. Karakterisasi bioplastik meliputi uji ketebalan, uji kuat tarik dan elongasi, daya serap air, analisis gugus fungsi dengan Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy, dan uji degradasi. Bioplastik dengan formula terbaik yaitu perlakuan 1,25% yang menghasilkan nilai ketebalan 0,096±0,004 mm, daya serap air 18,80±0,94%, kuat tarik 18,83±2,93 MPa, dan elongasi 95,89±12,62%. Waktu yang diperlukan bioplastik 1,25% untuk terdegradasi sempurna yaitu selama 20 hari., Plastic has become one of the contributors to waste, especially in the aquatic environment. The use of plastic as packaging has become a lifestyle in many countries which triggers a high demand for plastic. The manufacture of agar-based bioplastics still has poor physical properties such as stiffness and lack of elasticity. The addition of other materials such as chitosan and sorbitol are expected to improve the properties of the bioplastics produced. This study aims to determine the best formula for the mixture of chitosan and agar as a bioplastic material with different amounts of sorbitol plasticizer and to determine the characteristics of the physicochemical properties of the resulting bioplastic material. The research stages included mixing chitosan, agar, and sorbitol (0%, 1%, 1.25%, and 1.5%), bioplastic molding and bioplastic characterization. Bioplastic characterization includes thickness test, tensile strength and elongation test, water absorption, functional group analysis with Fourier Transform Infra Red Spectroscopy and degradation test. Bioplastics with the best formula was 1.25% treatment which produces a thickness value of 0.096±0.004 mm, water absorption of 18.80±0.94%, tensile strength of 18.83±2.93 MPa, and elongation of 95.89±12.62%. The time required for 1.25% bioplastic to degrade completely was 20 days.
Keyword: agar, bioplastik, kitosan, plasticizer, sorbitol

Judul: Synthesis of Bioplastics using Coconut Oil  Dregs Variatons of Sorbitol and Kappa-Carrageenan with Box-Behnken Design
Abstrak: Bioplastik merupakan plastik ramah lingkungan yang mudah terurai pada waktu dan kondisi tertentu yang dibantu oleh mikroorganisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kappa-karagenan dan sorbitol dengan ampas minyak kelapa kletik terhadap karakteristik bioplastik sebagai pengemas makanan dan mendapatkan rancangan komposisi terbaik dari metode Box-Behnken Design. Hasil penelitian karakteristik bioplastik yang mengacu pada rekomendasi Box Behnken Design meliputi : A8 sebagai sampel yang direkomendasi dengan kandungan 2,5 mL sorbitol, 1,25% konsentrasi kappa-karagenan serta perbandingan kappa dan larutan polisakarida 1:2. Sampel A8 memiliki nilai ketebalan 0,19 mm, nilai WVTR 4,4358 g/m2 .jam, Persentase susut bobot 32,60% dan terdegradasi selama 29 hari. Pengujian mekanik & SEM juga dilakukan untuk lebih mengetahui karakteristik bioplastik dari sampel yang direkomendasikan. Sampel A8 memiliki nilai tensile strength 2,45 MPa dan Persen elongasi 21,81%. A8 memiliki morfologi permukaan bioplastik bergelombang, terdapat spot putih dan berpori dengan rentang ukuran diameter pori yaitu 0,61–1,25 µm. Keseluruhan hasil penelitian ini sudah memenuhi standar bioplastik sebagai pengemas makanan. Rekomendasi Box-Behnken Design menunjukkan bahwa sampel dari metode ini dapat menjadi acuan untuk membuat film bioplastik sesuai standar pengemas makanan., Bioplastics are recyclable plastics that quickly disintegrate with the aid of microorganisms under specific circumstances. This study aimed to determine the impact of kappa-carrageenan, sorbitol, and leftover coconut oil on the physical characteristics of bioplastics used for food packaging. It also intends to establish the best composition design utilizing the Box-Behnken approach. The research results of bioplastic characteristics that refer to the Box-Behnken Design recommendations include: A8 as a recommended sample containing 2,5 mL sorbitol, 1,25% kappa-carrageenan concentration and the ratio of kappa and polysaccharide solution 1:2. Sample A8 has a thickness value of 0,19 mm, WVTR value of 4,4358 g/m2 .hour, weight loss percentage of 32,60% and degraded for 29 days. Mechanical testing & SEM were also carried out to further determine the bioplastic characteristics of the recommended samples. Sample A8 has a tensile strength value of 2,45 MPa and Percent elongation of 21,81%. A8 has a wavy bioplastic surface morphology, there are white and porous spots with a pore diameter size range of 0,61-1,25 µm. The overall results of this study have met the standards of bioplastics as food packaging. The Box-Behnken Design recommendation shows that variations of this method can be a reference for making bioplastic films according to food packaging standards.
Keyword: ampas minyak kelapa kletik, bioplastik, Box-Behnken, kappa-karagenan, sorbitol, bioplastics, Box-behnken, kletic coconut oil dregs, kappa-carrageenan, sorbitol

Judul: Manajemen Pemeliharaan Kuda (Equus caballus) Untuk Upacara Kenegaraan Dan Sarana Kesenjataan Di Detasemen Kavaleri Berkuda (DenKavkud) TNI-AD Parongpong
Abstrak: Cavalry Horse Detachement (Denkavkud) Indonesian National Army-Cavalary Parongpong is one of the Indonesian military units that utilize the horse and train it as a means of purpose of formal state ceremony and armed forces. Skills possessed by the horse cavalry was the result of care management and specialized training provided by the trainer. Aspects of care management are breeding, feeding, and management. Horses that are kept in the Denkavkud, Parongpong are stallions, mares, foals, and military horses. Total populations of horses at Denkavkud are 183 horses. Besides commited horse training (remonte), Denkavkud also did breeding program to produce horses that can be trained and used as a military horse. There are some issues contained in Denkavkud, such as some of the nutrients needed by the horses not being met from feed given. One of these is crude protein and lysine. Lactation mares was crude protein and lysine deficiency. The number of death in 2010 is higher than previous years. Based on the number of horses that died from January until June 2010 is 11 horses. The average mortality was caused by colic. Colic is caused by excessive eating, excessive drinking during hot, moldy food, and even by investment roundworms. Animal welfare in Denkavkud can be enhanced by improvement of feed given and improving the health of livestock through improved sanitation.
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