Judul: Kerusakan Batang Pohon Akibat Penyadapan Getah Pinus di KPH Cianjur Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten
Abstrak: Pine resin is one of non-timber forest products that be utilized. Production demand of pine resin is high. To fulfill such demand, increase of production of resin was done by over tapping and the use of inorganic stimulant resulted in damaged trees. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of damage of pine trees due to increase in number of quarres and inorganic stimulants by measuring the moisture content and pH level which were found in the pine trees. The results showed that the moisture content and pH in the tapping-affected timber were lower than those in the unaffected ones. The higher the intensity, the higher the damage for the wood. It could be predicted that pine tree on 2-quarre tapping was 86.26%, higher than that of the 6-quarre tapping which was 66.9%.
Keyword: pine tree, pH, moisture content, damage

Judul: Pengaruh Tingkat Kerusakan Pohon Akibat Penyadapan terhadap Produktivitas Getah Pinus di KPH Cianjur Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Profitability targets of Perum Perhutani for pine resin production tend to increase every year, resulting in overtapping and have a bad impact on the tree stands, lowering the productivity of pine resin. Therefore, the use of drilling method was chosen for tapping. The tapping areas are smaller and the recovery of tapping is relatively short so that tree damage can be minimized. The objective of this study was to get a description of various levels of tree damage and resin productivity, to learn about the effect of tree damage on productivity levels of pine resin and to obtain a model to estimate the relationship between the level damage of pine tree and pine resin productivity. Of the 400 overtapped pine trees, the level of tree damage ranged from 4.11-85.54%, the average was 44.58%, the median was 46.16% and the standard deviation was 17.26%. Resin productivity ranged between 0-4.58 g/tree/day, the average was 0.77 g/ tree/day, the median was 0.54 g/tree/day, the mode was 0.13 g/tree/day and the standard deviation was 0.71 g/tree/day. The higher the damage level caused by resin tapping, the lower the pine resin productivity. Pine resin productivity can be predicted by the tree damage level with the best regression model in this study, that is, using a model of: Y=(1.63697+(-0.10739)X)/(1+(-0.04606)X+(-0.00145)X²)
Keyword: 

Judul: Konstruksi Persamaan Friedmann Alam Semesta Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker Termodifikasi Materi Gelap Superfluida
Abstrak: Kosmologi merupakan salah satu objek kajian dari teori relativitas umum. Salah satu model dalam kosmologi adalah model kosmologi Friedmann. Model kosmologi Friedmann dibangun berdasarkan asumsi bahwa materi dan energi terdistribusi secara homogen dan isotropik di alam semesta. Teori relativitas umum dapat dimodifikasi melalui pendekatan teori materi gelap superfluida (MGS). Persamaan medan Einstein untuk teori MGS dapat dirumuskan melalui prinsip aksi dengan memodifikasi Lagrangian pada aksi teori MGS. Selanjutnya dengan memilih metrik Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) datar dengan indeks kurvatur sama dengan nol, dapat dibangun suatu bentuk persamaan Friedmann yang dimodifikasi teori MGS.
Keyword: kosmologi, teori materi gelap superfluida, persamaan medan Einstein, metrik FLRW, persamaan Friedmann.