Judul: Macrozoobenthos Community Structure in the Intertidal Ecosystem of Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands
Abstrak: Aktivitas antropogenik yang ada di Pulau Pramuka berpotensi memberikan dampak terhadap kondisi perairan ekosistem intertidal, termasuk komunitas benthic. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis komunitas makrozoobenthos pada ekosistem intertidal Pulau Pramuka. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pada bulan Oktober-November dengan tiga titik stasiun. Pengambilan contoh makrozoobenthos dilakukan dengan metode transek kuadrat. Analisis Indeks Bray-Curtis digunakan untuk melihat pengelompokan stasiun. Hubungan makrozoobenthos dengan parameter kualitas air dianalisis menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Jenis makrozoobenthos yang ditemukan terdiri dari tujuh kelas dan 38 genera. Makrozoobenthos dari Kelas Bivalvia, Gastropoda, dan Polychaeta merupakan jenis yang banyak ditemukan. Ekosistem intertidal yang dekat dengan permukiman memiliki keanekaragaman jenis yang tinggi dan distribusi individu antarjenis yang merata, sedangkan ekosistem intertidal di daerah pembuangan IPAL menunjukkan keanekaragaman jenis rendah dengan distribusi individu yang tidak merata dan terdapat dominansi. Pengelompokan stasiun berdasarkan kepadatan jenis makrozoobenthos antarstasiun terbentuk tiga kelompok stasiun. Kata Kunci: intertidal, keanekaragaman, makrozoobenthos, Anthropogenic activities in Pramuka Island have the potential to impact the condition of intertidal ecosystem waters, including benthic communities. This study aims to analyze the macrozoobenthos community in the intertidal ecosystem of Pramuka Island. Sampling was conducted three times in October-November with three station points. Sampling of macrozoobenthos was done by quadrat transect method. Bray-Curtis Index analysis was used to see station grouping. The relationship between macrozoobenthos and water quality parameters was analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Macrozoobenthos species found consisted of seven classes and 38 genera. Macrozoobenthos from Bivalve, Gastropoda, and Polychaeta classes are the most common species found. Intertidal ecosystems close to settlements have high species diversity and even distribution of individuals between species, while intertidal ecosystems in the WWTP disposal area show low species diversity with uneven distribution of individuals and dominance. Station grouping based on the density of macrozoobenthos species between stations formed three groups of stations. Keywords : diversity, intertidal, macrozoobenthos
Keyword: struktur komunitas, Intertidal, Makrozoobenthos

Judul: Hubungan Kelimpahan Makrozoobenthos dengan Karakteristik Habitat di Perairan Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Panggang
Abstrak: Makrozoobenthos menghuni berbagai habitat perairan dan umumnya ditemukan berasosiasi erat dengan substrat dasar perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari keterkaitan karakteristik substrat habitat dengan kelimpahan spesies makrozoobenthos di perairan Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Panggang, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta. Pengamatan data makrozoobenthos dilakukan dengan metode transek sabuk yang dimodifikasi pada tiga stasiun dengan kondisi habitat yang berbeda, serta dilakukan pengambilan data komunitas bentik dengan metode Line intersect transect dan pengukuran data kualitas perairan pada tiap stasiunnya. Hasil pengamatan pada Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Panggang menunjukkan terdapat 6 filum, 29 famili, dan 45 spesies makrozoobenthos. Jumlah total relatif makrozoobenthos yang ditemukan pada ketiga stasiun berjumlah 410 individu/602. Ketiga stasiun memiliki jumlah kelimpahan relatif makrozoobenthos dan spesies makrozoobenthos yang berbeda, dimana Stasiun 1 yang terletak diantara Pulau Pramuka dan Pulau Panggang memiliki kelimpahan relatif tertinggi dan Stasiun 3 yang terletak di bagian barat daya Pulau Panggang memiliki kelimpahan relatif terendah. Hasil analisis korespondensi menunjukkan jika beberapa spesies makrozoobenthos memiliki kaitan yang erat terhadap substrat habitatnya. Makrozoobenthos yang berasal dari filum Moluska, khususnya Pedum spondyloideum berkelompok dengan kondisi substrat yang memiliki hard coral, sedangkan terdapat juga makrozoobenthos berspesies Phyllidia varicosa yang tidak berkelompok dengan jenis substrat apapun., Macrozoobenthos inhabit various aquatic habitats and are commonly found closely associated with the substrate of the water bottom. This research aims to find the relationship between habitat substrate characteristics and the abundance of macrozoobenthos species in the waters of Pramuka Island and Panggang Island, Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta. Macrozoobenthos data observations were carried out using a modified belt transect method at three stations with different habitat conditions. Additionally, benthic community data were collected using the Line intersect transect method, and water quality data were measured at each station. The observation results on Pramuka Island and Panggang Island showed that there were 6 phyla, 29 families and 45 macrozoobenthos species. The total relative abundance of macrozoobenthos found at all the three stations was 410 individuals/602. The three stations have different relative abundances of macrozoobenthos and macrozoobenthos species, where Station 1 that located between Pramuka and Panggang island has the highest relative abundance and Station 3 that located at southwest of Panggang island has the lowest relative abundance. The results of the correspondence analysis show that several macrozoobenthos species have a close relationship to their habitat substrate. Macrozoobenthos from the Mollusca phylum, especially Pedum spondyloideum, group with bottom substrate that have high hard coral coverage, while there are also macrozoobenthos of the Phyllidia varicosa species that do not group with any type of substrate
Keyword: coral reef, habitat characteristic, macrozoobenthos, substrate

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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