Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Methane (CH,) is one of reactive greenhouse gases, its current concentration in atmosphere is increasing with a rate of about 12 + 1 ppbvlyr. An increase of 12 ppbv requires an excess of sources over sinks of 36 Tglyr. Roughly 70% of the total global emission of atmospheric methane (500 f 100 Tglyr) stems from anthropogenic sources mainly from anaerobic decay of organic matter in rice fields and enteric fermentation in ruminants, and about 30% stems from natural sources mainly frcm wetlands. Rice fields are considered as one of important sources of methane emissions into the atmosphere. Estimates of methane from this source show a wide range of 30 - 100 Tglyr with an average of about 60 Tglyr or around 18% of the total global methane emissions. There are large uncertainties about methane emission rates from wetland rice, these are due to the differences of agroclimatic condition and agricultural practices from one region to the others. Most studies on methane emission rates from rice fields are conducted in temperate regions, and practically no data are available from tropical regions. Those data obtained from temperate regions are used to extrapolate global methane emissions from rice fields.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: National economic p w t h which is relatively high is expected to solve many problems of national development overwhelming Indonesia currently. But the negative impact is the increasing greenhouse gas emission, which followed by global warming; and hence, assumedly, it will also cause a negative impact to Indonesia as an archipelago as well as agricultural country. This study is intended primarily to observe relationship among the national economy growth, agricultural sector, and the outbreak of the most important greenhouse gas emission, namely carbon dioxide (COz), methane gas (Cb) and nitrous oxide (N20). analyses instrument used mostly is reversion matrix of Leontief through Input-Output tables of 1980, 1990, and 2000 from Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The result of this study shows that the decreasing national economic growth during the three pointed yeam (1980, 1990, and 2000) had influenced at the decreasing capacity of paddy sector in creating income, added value and job opportunity; but it had not influenced in establishing output. The increasing finai demand in agricultural sector limitedly has just influenced in establishing methane gas in agricultural sector only, and slightly influenced in other sectors. With an assumption that economy grows by 5.8%, then the increasing greenhouse gas emission (GRK) established up to 5,173,124 tons, and if economy grows further, becoming 7.4%, then the increasing GRK will also raise by 28%.
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Judul: Aplikasi Serat Sutra Laba-laba Nephila sp. Sebagai Material Benang Jahit Bedah Pada Vena Jugularis Kelinci
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi serat sutra Nephila sp. pada bedah vena jugularis, dan menilai derajat reaksi inflamasi yang ditimbulkannya. Koleksi serat sutra Nephila sp. dilakukan dengan menarik serat sutra Nephila sp. dari kelenjar ampullata kemudian digulung dengan aluminium foil. Beberapa lapis serat sutra Nephila sp. disatukan secara septis dan diikatkan dengan jarum jahit. Tiga ekor kelinci New Zealand White digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Semua kelinci mendapat perlakuan penyayatan pada vena jugularis yang kemudian dijahit dengan serat sutra Nephila sp. Kemudian melakukan euthanasia pada ketiga kelinci dan diamati pada minggu 1, 3 and 5 pasca operasi. Berdasarkan pengamatan perubahan patologi anatomi dan histopatologi pada sampel vena jugularis dari ketiga kelinci, jahitan menggunakan serat sutra Nephila sp. pada ketiga kelinci tidak memberikan efek penekanan pada vena jugularis, yaitu tidak menyebabkan penyempitan lumen vena jugularis aliran darah masih tetap normal (tidak menyebabkan pembendungan). Pengamatan secara histopatologi, pada kelinci 1 minggu pascaoperasi, tampak bahwa bentuk dan struktur vena jugularis yang terdiri dari dinding vena jugularis (tunika intima, tunika media dan tunika advensia) tidak dapat teramati dengan baik. Pada kelinci 3 minggu pascaoperasi ditemukan adanya pembekuan darah. Pada kelinci 5 minggu pascaoperasi tampak bahwa luka bekas sayatan yang dijahit dengan serat sutra Nephila sp. sudah terlihat sembuh dengan baik dan kelihatan seperti tidak pernah mengalami sayatan (operasi). Berdasarkan hal tersebut di atas disimpulkan bahwa serat sutra Nephila sp. adalah biokompatilitas di mana berfungsi sebagai antimikroba, biodegradasi di antara 3 hingga 5 minggu pasca operasi dan menimbulkan sistem kebal imun yang minimal. Dengan itu, serat sutra Nephila sp. dapat digunakan sebagai material benang jahit bedah khususnya pada operasi pembuluh darah.
Keyword: bedah, kelinci, patologi, serat sutra Nephila sp., vena jugularis