Judul: Seleksi klon-klon tebu transgenik IPB 1 pada berbagai aras pemupukan N dan P berdasarkan sifat fisiologis dan produksi
Abstrak: IPB 1 transgenic sugarcane clones are clones of sugarcane expressing phytase gene cv. PS 851, which has been done by previous researchers. In the process of genetic transformation, stages of regeneration through callus formation process will induce genetic variation. The process of transformation induced to somaclonal variation can contribute to differences among transgenic clones. This study aims to get the best clones of transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 which has high efficiency of N and P fertilizer use, high chlorophyll content, high phytase activity, high biomass and sugar production. This study is also aimed to know the effect of ZA and SP 36 fertilizer to N and P content in leaves, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production of transgenic sugarcane IPB1. Experimental design used was split plot design in randomized block design, consists of two factors, i.e. factor A as the main plot: the level of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Factor B as the subplot: sugarcane clones IPB 1 transgenic and PS 851 isogenic as a control. DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at the level of 5% is used analyze the differences between treatments. In average the results showed that to transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-3 is the best transgenic sugarcane clones that have the highest rates of sugar production of 98.32 quintal/hectare. Then followed by the transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-1 (97.86 quintal/hectare), IPB 1-59 (96.93 quintal/hectare), IPB 1-52 (96.63 quintal/hectare), and IPB 1-56 (96.18 quintal/hectare). Specifically on fertilizer treatment at rate of N 50% and P 50%, transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-7 is the best transgenic sugarcane clones that produced 108.57 quintal of sugar /hectare. Then followed by the transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-3 (104.80 quintal/hectare) and IPB 1-1 (104.57 quintal/hectare). Besides having a high sugar production, there is also a correlation between N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. N and P fertilization as done did not give significant effect on N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. Fertilizer treatment at rate of N 50% and P 50% which is the lowest, having the same effect with fertilizer treatment at rate of N 100% and P 100% on N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. With this results, it can be concluded that transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 can reduced 50% of N and P fertilizer use.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemupukan N dan P Terhadap Keragaan dan Hasil Tebu Transgenik IPB 1 di PG Djatiroto, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: One approach to improve sugar production and saving of fertilizer is develoving genetically modified sugarcane plants. The transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 contains bacterial phytase gene that can alter phytic acid which is a form of organic-P to become inorganic-P, so it can be used by plants. Phytase will also increase the availability of other mineral nutrients in plant tissues such as Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+. The nutrients are utilized by plant for synthesis of chlorophyll and inturn will increase photosynthesis and the yield of sugarcane. The research was aimed study to (1) the effectivity of N and P fertilization on transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 by observing growth and production of sugarcane, and (2) to select seven best clones by scoring the growth and production of sugarcane. The research was conducted at PG Djatiroto Experiment Station, Lumajang, East Java. Total of 23 clones of transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 and 1 clone of isogenic sugarcane PS 851 were treated with four fertilization, i.e.: (a) 50% N and 50% P, (b) 100% N and 50% P, (c) 50% N and 100% P, and (d) 100% N and 100% P, where 100% N and 100% P, respectively, equals to 800 kg ZA/ha and 200 kg SP-36/ha. 800 kg ZA/ha and 200 kg SP-36/ha together with 100 kg KCl/ha are the recommended fertilization rate for the area. Growth parameters abserved were number of stalk, stalk height, and stalk diameter. Measurement of the growth parameters were conducted twice, i.e. at the ages of 6 and 9 months (Januari and April 2011). Production parameters, namely yield, sugar content, and sugar production were determined after sugarcane harvesting at the age of 12 months. Some data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) at α value of 0,05. The results showed that the transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 can effectively utilized fertilizers as indicated by insignificant effect of fertilization treatment. The best growth and production were resulted by 50% N and 50% P fertilization. Seven best clones at this rate of fertilizaation are transgenic sugarcane IPB 1-1, IPB 1-3, IPB 1-6, IPB 1-7, IPB 1-46, IPB 1-52, and IPB 1-56 the seven best sugarcane clones.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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