Judul: Institutional and Transaction Cost Analysis of Sea Farming Management in Panggang Island, Administrative Regency of Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Phenomenon of declining fishing production in some Indonesian waters area has raised fears of increasing scarcity of fish resources, therefore many implementative programs and efforts has been developed. One of these programs is sea farming. Sea farming is shallow waters marine resources use system based on mariculture. The main objective is to increase fish resources while sustaining fishing activity, mariculture and marine ecotourism. Sea farming is not exactly the same with mariculture. Mariculture and other economic activities based on marine resources are subsystem of the sea farming. The aim of this research are : 1) to identify the role of institutional in managing coastal resources in Panggang Island Administrative Regency of Kepulauan Seribu, 2) to analyze institutional management of sea farming, 3) to evaluate economic benefit and transaction cost of sea farming management, 4) to analyze sustainability of sea farming program. The data was analyzed by 7 methods: 1) Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD); 2) stakeholders analysis; 3) fisheries resources management conflict analysis; 4) income analysis; 5) transaction cost analysis; 6) cost effectiveness analysis; 7) program scenario evaluation analysis. Based on the identification of institutional role in management of sea farming and coastal resources, the stakeholders actors are subject (sea farming members and trader), players (government, National Parks of Kepulauan Seribu, and university-PKSPL IPB), spectator (village government), and actor (security). Economic benefit of sea farming group member is Rp 6,805,645/year. Transaction cost for institutional management is Rp 875,000/year and the effectivity of transaction is 0.13, which is considered cost effective. Evaluation of sustainable scenario showed that scenario B which is program can be continued with a significant improvement was selected. The improvement of sea farming program includes adaptif institutional development, improvement of group organization and management, in order to achieve sustainability of sea farming program.
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Judul: Keberlanjutan Program Sea Farming di Perairan Kepulauan Seribu, Propinsi DKI Jakarta: Analisis Penangkapan Ikan Rucah sebagai Pakan Utama
Abstrak: In order to improve the fish stock, rehabilitation of fish habitat and creating an alternative income for local fishermen in Seribu Island, an integrated program of sea farming has been developing by the local government and supported by Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (CCMRS/PKSPL) IPB. Brown-marbled grouper and humpback grouperhas been selected as the main farming species for this program. The development of grouper aquaculture activites in sea farming needs trash fish as main feed which is derived from fish by sea farming fisherman group and by bought from the others fishermen. The main fishing gears used by the sea farming fisherman’s group in Seribu Islands were fish hook, nylon hook, trap and gill net. This study was conducted in order to investigate the caracteristics of trash fish as a main feed for the sea farming program; to estimate the avaibility and needs of the trash fish for the sea farming program; to evaluate the feasibility of the integrated sea farming business of the trash fish basis in the study area. The result showed that there were 19 species of trash fish has been identified in the study area. The diversity of trash fish which caught by sea farming fisherman’s groups was less than those on another fishermen group. The avability of the trash fish in Seribu Island that caught by sea farming fishermen’s group can fulfill the cultivation needs. Sea farming fishermean group was profitable due to the high value of revenue cost ratio (R/C > 1). The financial analysis indicated that the sea farming fishermen’s group who only bought the trash fish was more profit than the group who caught the trash fish by them self.
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Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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