Judul: Potency of Ginger (Zingiber officinale) Rhizome Compounds as anti-Propionibacterium acnes Based on Molecular Docking Study
Abstrak: Jerawat adalah masalah kulit karena pertumbuhan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes yang tidak terkendali. Senyawa yang terkandung dalam rimpang jahe (Zingiber officinale) diduga memiliki aktivitas anti-P. acnes melalui penghambatan enzim lipase, ekso-β-1,4-manosidase, dan β-ketoasil-[protein-pembawa-asil] sintase III (KAS III). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan potensi senyawa antibakteri dalam rimpang jahe terhadap P. acnes berdasarkan kajian penambatan molekul in silico. Ligan uji yang digunakan adalah senyawa dalam ekstrak dan minyak atsiri rimpang jahe, sedangkan ligan kontrolnya adalah benzoil peroksida. Protein target yang digunakan adalah enzim KAS III, lipase, dan ekso-β-1,4-manosidase dari P. acnes. Penambatan molekul dibantu dengan perangkat lunak AutoDock Tools, AutoDock Vina, dan LigPlus. (−)-Zingiberena, 10-shogaol, akorenon B, dan β-eudesmol adalah senyawa paling berpotensi sebagai anti-P. acnes., Acne is a skin problem due to the uncontrolled growth of the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes. Compounds contained in the ginger (Zingiber officinale) rhizome are thought to have anti-P. acnes activity by inhibiting lipase, exo-β-1,4-mannosidase, and β-ketoacyl-[acyl-carrier-protein] synthase III (KAS III) enzymes. This study aimed to determine the potential of antibacterial compounds in ginger rhizome against P. acnes based on molecular docking in silico study. The test ligands used were compounds in ginger rhizome extract and essential oil, while the control ligand was benzoyl peroxide. The target proteins used were KAS III, lipase, and exo-β-1,4-mannosidase enzymes from P. acnes. Molecular docking was assisted by AutoDock Tools, AutoDock Vina, and LigPlus software. (−)-Zingiberene, 10-shogaol, acorenone B, and β-eudesmol are the most potent compounds as the anti-P. acnes.
Keyword: 10-shogaol, lipase, molecular docking, Propionibacterium acnes, Zingiber officinale

Judul: Aktivitas antimikroba ekstrak jahe (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) terhadap beberapa bakteri patogen
Abstrak: hazards to the human health. Ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) is commonly used as traditional medicine. It has a potential as antimicrobial agent by inhibit or kill microbes in dose dependent manner. The principle compounds of ginger are essential oils and non volatile compounds which maximum have antimicrobial activity. The objectives of this research are: (1) to study the yield of ginger extracts by multistage maceration with different polarity solvents, (2) to study antimicrobial activity of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extract of ginger against foodborne pathogen such as Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. Ginger extracts were prepared by multistage maceration method using solvent hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The ginger extracts were assayed for antimicrobial activity by agar well diffusion method with Diameter Inhibition Zone (DIZ) and dillution broth method. The yield of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol ginger extracts from multistage maceration were respectively 3,57; 3,17; 3,02 g/100 g dry ginger. The DIZ value for Staphylococcus aureus were 5,0; 5,7; 1,3 mm with hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol ginger extracts respectively 6,1; 6,6; 6,0 mm for Bacillus cereus and Salmonella Typhimurium were show no inhibitory zone. This results showed that the ginger extracts from multistage maceration have a weak antimicrobial activity (1,3 – 6,6 mm) against Gram-positive bacterial. The inhibition activity was determined for ethyl acetate ginger extract that showed the relatively highest inhibition zone. The minimum inhibition concentration did not reach in a range concentration between 5 – 20 mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus, therefore ginger extracts from multistage maceration with rotavapor temperature 50 o C and freeze dry process were not efficient to developed as natural antimicrobial.
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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