Judul: Carbon Stocks Above Ground in Various Non-Natural Forest Land Cover Types in Indonesia
Abstrak: Cadangan karbon hutan alam dapat diketahui berdasarkan hasil Inventarisasi Hutan Menyeluruh Berkala, sedangkan cadangan pada tutupan hutan lainnya (nonhutan alam) hanya dapat diketahui melalui hasil penelitian-penelitian yang umumnya dalam skala kecil. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis hasil penelitian terdahulu dan menghasilkan nilai rata-rata cadangan karbon berbagai tutupan lahan nonhutan alam di Indonesia menggunakan metode meta analisis dan time averaged carbon stock. Tutupan lahan yang dianalisis dalam penelitian ini adalah hutan tanaman, perkebunan, pertanian lahan kering, pertanian lahan kering campur, semak belukar, dan semak belukar rawa. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jenis tanaman beserta keragamannya, jumlah tanaman, dan kondisi tanaman mempengaruhi cadangan karbon pada suatu tutupan lahan. Cadangan karbon yang besar pada suatu tutupan lahan karena didominasi oleh vegetasi pohon. Rata-rata cadangan karbon yang diperoleh pada hutan tanaman, perkebunan, pertanian lahan kering, pertanian lahan kering campur, semak belukar, dan semak belukar rawa adalah sebesar 51.39 ton/ha, 39.63 ton/ha, 0.65 ton/ha, 54.52 ton/ha, 16.50 ton/ha, dan 25.49 ton/ha.
Keyword: land cover, carbon, carbon stock, above ground carbon stock

Judul: Estimation of Carbon Stock in Various Types of Land Cover with a Spatial Modelling of Field Measurement Data and Remote Sensing (a case study at Puncak and Cianjur areas, West Java)
Abstrak: Remote sensing technology is one of the effective ways to monitor land cover changes from time to time. The integration of field data and spatial data of land use changes from 1989 to 2007 will be a reference to find out the change of carbon stock in a certain land cover and land use. This research is to know the change of land cover during the periode of 1989-2007 and to analyze its relationship to the carbon stock changes. In this study, the method was divided into 4 stages: preparation and data collection, analysis of digital image, analysis of land cover/use, and estimation of carbon stock. The analysis result of Landsat image in 1989 and 2007 showed that there was a decline in the area of forest, rice field, and bare land up to 654 ha ( 4.92%), 594 ha (4.47%) and 95 ha (0.72%) respectively during the period of 1989- 2007. On the contrary, there was an increase in settlement areas, mix crops, crops, tea plantation and bushes by 954 ha (7.18%), 170 ha (1.28%), 145 ha (1.09%), 44 ha (0.33%) and 28 ha (0.22%). Estimation of carbon stock included biomass carbon and soil organic carbon stock. The total biomass carbon stock in forest areas and mix plantation decreased by 0.20 Mt from 1.76 Mt in 1989 to 1.56 Mt in 2007. The soil organic carbon stock in the depth of 0-30 cm decreased by 271.33 tens/ ha, and in the depth of 30-60 cm decreased by 122.89 tons/ ha, while the total soil organic carbon stock decreased by 0.51 Mt in the depth of 0-30 cm and 0.20 Mt in the depth of 30 – 60 cm., Teknologi penginderaan jauh merupakan salah satu cara yang efektif dalam melakukan pemantauan perubahan lahan dari waktu ke waktu. Integrasi data lapang dan data spasial perubahan penggunaan lahan dari tahun 1989 sampai tahun 2007 akan memberikan referensi untuk mengetahui seberapa besar perubahan karbon tersimpan pada suatu penutupan/penggunaan lahan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perubahan penutupan/penggunaan lahan tahun 1989 sampai 2007 dan hubungannya dengan perubahan karbon tersimpan Pada penelitian ini, metode penelitian dibagi menjadi 4 tahapan yaitu tahap persiapan dan pengumpulan data, tahap analisis citra digital, tahap analisis perubahan penutupan/penggunaan lahan dan pendugaan karbon tersimpan. Hasil analisis citra Landsat tahun 1989 dan 2007 menunjukan telah terjadi pengurangan luas hutan, sawah dan tanah terbuka sebesar 654 ha ( 4,92 %), 594 ha (4,47 %) dan 95 ha (0,72%) selama periode tahun 1989 sampai 2007. Sebaliknya pemukiman, kebun campuran, tegalan, kebun teh dan semak mengalami peningkatan area sebesar 954 ha (7,18 %), 170 ha (1,28%), 145 ha (1,09 %), 44 ha (0,33 %) dan 28 ha (0,22 %). Pendugaan karbon tersimpan meliputi karbon biomassa dan karbon organik tanah. Karbon biomassa tersimpan dalam kawasan hutan dan kebun campuran, mengalami penurunan sebesar 0,200 Mt dari 1,76 Mt pada tahun 1989 menjadi 1,56 Mt pada tahun 2007. Karbon organik pada kedalaman 0-30 cm telah terjadi pengurangan sebesar 271,33 ton/ha, dan pada kedalaman 30-60 cm terjadi penurunan sebesar 122,89 ton/ha, sedangkan total karbon organik tersimpan kawasannya mengalami penurunan sebesar
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Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography