Judul: Subsitusi Ransum Komersial Broiler dengan Serbuk Gergaji Fermentasi. 2. Organ Dalam dan Organ Pencernaan.
Abstrak: gergaji fermentasi menggunakan probiotik multigeneral yang dibuat dari berbagai spesies (Felis catus, Macrotermes gilvus, dan Achatina fulica) terhadap organ dalam dan organ pencernaan ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 ekor ayam berumur 1 hari dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, masing-masing 10 ekor ayam dan dipelihara selama 35 hari. Komposisi serbuk gergaji fermentasi adalah molases, dicalcium phosphate (DCP), probiotik, air dan serbuk gergaji. Fermentasi serbuk gergaji dilakukan selama 24 jam. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengap (RAL). Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P0 (ransum komersial), P1 (97.5% P0 + 2.5% serbuk gergaji fermentasi), P2 (95% P0 + 5% serbuk gergaji fermentasi), P3 (92.5% P0 + 7.5% serbuk gergaji fermentasi), and P4 (90% P0 + 10% serbuk gergaji fermentasi). Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot organ dalam dan bobot serta panjang saluran pencernaan. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukan pemberian serbuk gergaji fermentasi berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap penurunan bobot hati dan jantung. Kesimpulan dari percobaan ini pemberian serbuk gergaji fermentasi tidak mempengaruhi kerja organ dalam dan saluran pencernaan ayam broiler umur 35 hari.
Keyword: broiler, serbuk gergaji fermentasi, organ dalam, organ pencernaan, probiotik

Judul: Substitusi Ransum Komersial Broiler dengan Modifikasi Konsentrat Sapi Perah dan Probiotik: 2. Organ Dalam dan Pencernaan.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas substitusi ransum komersial dengan campuran konsentrat sapi perah, ampas tahu, DCP dan probiotik multigenera dari berbagai spesies terhadap karakteristik organ dalam broiler. Bahan yang digunakan berupa 200 ekor anak ayam umur sehari (DOC) yang dibagi dalam lima perlakuan dan empat ulangan yang terdiri dari 10 ekor ayam setiap ulangan, dan dipelihara selama 35 hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan P0 (100% pakan komersial), P1 (92.50% komersial pakan + 7.50% campuran pakan), P2 (85.00% komersial pakan + 15.00% campuran pakan), P3 (77.50% komersial pakan + 22.50% campuran pakan), P4 (70.00% komersial pakan + 30.00% campuran pakan). Peubah yang diukur adalah organ internal ayam broiler. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada pengaruh yang nyata (P<0.05) terhadap pankreas yang diduga lebih aktif memproduksi enzim pencernaan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan campuran konsentrat sapi perah 79.50%, ampas tahu 19.50%, DCP 1% dapat menggantikan pakan komersial dan pemberian probiotik tidak berpengaruh pada kerja organ internal broiler umur 35 hari.
Keyword: broiler, konsentrat sapi perah, organ dalam, organ pencernaan, probiotik

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite