Judul: Studi Literatur Optimasi Pra-Perlakuan Proses Electroless Nickel Plating pada Permukaan Logam Baja
Abstrak: Proses pra-perlakuan merupakan salah satu langkah yang penting dalam electroless nickel plating (EN). Pra-perlakuan dilakukan untuk menghilangkan kontaminan seperti minyak, karat dan pengotor lainya yang dapat menghambat proses adhesi (daya rekat). Studi literatur ini bertujuan menganalisis pra-perlakuan dengan berbagai parameter yang berbeda untuk mengetahui pra-perlakuan yang paling optimal pada permukaan substrat baja dengan proses EN. Optimasi praperlakuan EN yang dilakukan pada baja karbon rendah AISI 1040 dengan metode Taguchi menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan pra-perlakuan akan mempengaruhi hasil EN. Perlakuan mekanis dengan sandblasting tidak direkomendasikan sedangkan pengamplasan dan aktivasi dengan asam kuat pada substrat akan menambah kemampuan deposisi pelapis Ni-P.
Keyword: Baja Karbon, Electroless Nickel plating, optimasi, pra-perlakuan

Judul: Modifikasi Pelapisan Seng pada Baja dengan Chromating Trivalent menggunakan Bahan Organik Pereduksi
Abstrak: Baja merupakan logam yang banyak digunakan dalam industri perakitan dan konstruksi. Pelapisan seng pada baja diperlukan untuk memenuhi sifat fisik tahan korosi dan ketebalan yang sesuai kebutuhan industri. Perlakuan chromating pada proses pelapisan yang menggunakan kromium heksavalen dapat bersifat toksik sehingga harus direduksi menjadi kromium trivalen menggunakan bahan organik pereduksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi dan waktu pencelupan pada tahapan chromating terhadap laju korosi dan ketebalan lapisan seng pada baja. Penelitian dilakukan dalam larutan kromium dengan variasi konsentrasi 5; 10; 15 mL/L serta variasi waktu 10 dan 60 detik. Larutan kromium dibuat dari beberapa jenis sumber kromium yang berbeda, yaitu H2CrO4, Na2CrO4, K2Cr2O7. Ketebalan baja diukur dengan mikrometer sekrup digital dan pengukuran laju korosi menggunakan metode kehilangan berat. Hasil modifikasi terbaik ditunjukkan oleh spesimen yang dicelupkan pada larutan kromium trivalen 15 mL/L dari K2Cr2O7 dengan waktu 60 detik. Ketebalan yang dihasilkan adalah 0,0025 mm dengan laju korosi 0,0063 mm/tahun., Steel is a metal that is widely used in the manufacturing and construction industries. Zinc coating on steel is required to fulfill the physical properties of corrosion resistance and thickness suitable for industrial needs. The chromating treatment in the coating process using hexavalent chromium can be toxic, therefore it must be reduced to trivalent chromium by using reducing organic matter to avoid the negative impact. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and immersion time in the chromating stage on the corrosion rate and the thickness of the zinc layer on the steel. This research was conducted in a chromium solution with concentration variation of 5; 10; 15 mL/L and time variations of 10 and 60 seconds. There are several chromium sources that used in this research, i.e H2CrO4, Na2CrO4, and K2Cr2O7. Thickness was measured with a digital screw micrometer and corrosion rate was measured using the weight loss method. The best modification results were shown by a specimen that was dipped in a 15 mL/L trivalent chromium solution of K2Cr2O7 for a time of 60 seconds. The resulting thickness is 0,0025 mm with a corrosion rate of 0,0063 mm/year.
Keyword: chromating, corrosion, steel, trivalent chrome, zinc plating

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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