Judul: Conservation-based oil palm cultivation
Abstrak: The development of oil palm plantations has given a number of consequences on the great demand in land; however, in practice, there are a lot of accusations that land utilized comes from the conversion of forest areas, and this is suspected to be the cause of the loss of biodiversity of tropical rain forest ecosystems, cause of disruption of wildlife (flora and fauna), habitat fragmentation, and extinction of a large number of species, especially endangered species. The research was conducted in three (3) units of oil palm plantations located in Central Kalimantan Province in order to (1) determine the use and land cover change, (2) assume the plant species of wildlife suspected to be lost (biodiversity loss) and thought to be increased (biodiversity gain) as consequences of changes in land cover due to oil palm plantations (3) demonstrate the calculation of the financial analysis of oil palm cultivation carried out on various types of land cover and different peat depths, and perform analysis by taking biodiversity loss and gain biodiversity into account, and (4) formulate alternative models and describe the profile of conservation-based oil palm cultivation. Conservation-based oil palm cultivation in this research was defined as an activity with no biodiversity loss; in other words, the hypothesis indicated that biodiversity loss (bio-loss) was equal to zero. Based on the Provincial Spatial Plan of Central Kalimantan Province Year 2003 (Local Law Number 8 Year 2003), it is stated that the status of the land before it is opened for oil palm plantation is not a forest, but is located in the cultivation area/or in an area for other uses (APL). The result of analysis of land use prior to the opening of oil palm plantation showed that land for palm oil development was not entirely derived from wooded land cover (tuplah), but also from the areas of shrubs, mixed farming land/communal farms, and open land. Oil palm land developed came from the former concession, former estates of other companies, including land owned by the community through the process of compensation. Land cover based on the interpretation of land satellite images before land opening for oil palm plantations showed no identification of primary forests but only secondary forests, shrubs, mixed farming land and vacant land. The forested area that is still present in the plantation has retained its initial conditions and is designated as a conservation area in the forms of a riparian area and peaty forest area. Identification and analysis of the diversity potential of plants and wildlife in the forested areas (primary and secondary forests) and in shrubs were performed to determine the suspected missing species (biodiversity loss). The result showed that the density of vegetation in the conservation area inside the plantations was less than that in the primary and secondary forests, and the stand volume in the conservation area in the plantations had less potential than that in the primary and secondary forests. The abundance of Shannon species (Shannon H' Index) showed the species in the primary forest were still more abundant than those in the forested areas in the
Keyword: Oil palm plantations, changes in land cover, biodiversity loss and financial feasibility analysis.

Judul: Model konservasi sumberdaya air pada perkebunan kelapa sawit yang berkelanjutan (Studi Kasus: Sub DAS Lalindu, Kabupaten Konawe Utara, Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara)
Abstrak: Oil palm development in Indonesia is facing problems related to the availability of land and allegations most environmental activists who consider that land clearing for palm oil has caused massive environmental damage. Land conversion to oil palm plantations in terms of ecology will lead to disruption of both quantity and quality hydrology hydrology of watersheds (DAS) and the degradation of land and result in a decrease in soil fertility and loss of biodiversity. The expansion of oil palm plantations continue to occur, including in Southeast Sulawesi province spread in almost all districts. Konawe North, particularly in watersheds that are subdistrict Lalindu Wiwirano is one area which is used as a priority area of development of this commodity. Management of oil palm plantations now need to refer to the concept of sustainable management of oil palm plantations to meet the interests of all stakeholders involved in the palm oil issue. In the plantation sub-sector, the ultimate definition of sustainability which is the result of the 3rd Roundtable Meeting on Sustainable Palm Oil (RSPO 2005) in Singapore which states that sustainable plantations is a business that is able to meet the economic growth (profit), protection of the environment (planet) and social equity (people). While in Indonesia known as the Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil System (ISPO) which is a policy taken by the Indonesian government in this case the Ministry of Agriculture with the aim to improve the competitiveness of Indonesian palm oil in the world market and to participate in order to meet the commitment of the President of the Republic of Indonesia to reduce greenhouse gases and give attention to environmental issues. This study aims to: (1) Assess the condition of existing land cover changes that occurred and the physical, economic, social and environmental flora and fauna in the area of oil palm plantations in sub-watershed Lalindu, Konawe North, (2) Assess the conservation of water resources in development of oil palm plantations in sub-watershed Lalindu, North Konawe and (3) to model the conservation of water resources on a sustainable oil palm plantations in sub-watershed Lalindu, North Konawe. The study site is in the area of oil palm plantations in the district Wiwirano, North Konawe, one of the districts in the province of South East Sulawesi with the capital Wanggudu. This study used a variety of methods of analysis. To answer the first objective, used descriptive analysis, regression and correlation analysis and spatial analysis. Descriptive analysis is used to explain phenomena which are qualitative. Hydrologic analysis used to answer the second objective is to use the model tank. As for the third objective answer, used the analysis of dynamic systems using Stella software and descriptive analysis discusses the institutional management of oil palm plantations. The results showed that land use changes occur at the sub-watershed Lalindu allocated for oil palm plantations, resulting in changes in hydrologic characteristics, land cover changes of Imperata grasslands and forests into oil palm and land use changes. The impact of changes in land cover that occur in sub-watershed Lalindu affect vii run off, biodiversity of flora and fauna (biodiversity)
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Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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