Judul: Analysis of Wastewater Treatment Plants Performance and Water Reuse in Concrete Product Manufacturing Plant
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji implementasi pengolahan air limbah untuk resirkulasi pada industri penghasil produk beton, serta menentukan nilai efisiensi penyisihan polutan pada unit IPAL, dengan fokus pada industri penghasil produk beton di Kabupaten Bogor. Penerapan konsep zero waste di industri ini bertujuan untuk meminimalkan dampak lingkungan dari limbah cair yang mengandung pH tinggi, logam berat, bahan kimia, dan padatan tersuspensi dengan mempertimbangkan resirkulasi sebagai solusi pengelolaan yang berkelanjutan. Metode pengambilan sampel untuk menganalisis data dilakukan dengan metode grab sampling. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa proses pengolahan air limbah di industri penghasil produk beton dilakukan dengan unit sedimentasi dan media filter sederhana. Dengan waktu detensi (td) yang dihasilkan, konsentrasi pH, TDS, TSS, COD, dan Nitrit masing-masing memiliki kisaran 6 – 7, 71 – 160 mg/l, 0.0027 – 0.0203 mg/l, 241.40 – 444.38 mg/l, dan 0.17 – 0.98 mg/l dengan penyisihan sebesar 38.47%, -88.72%, 23.78%, dan 95.80%. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah diperlukan pemantauan debit air setiap unit IPAL agar hasil analisisnya lebih akurat., This study aims to examine the implementation of wastewater treatment for recycling in industry, and to determine the efficiency of pollutant removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), focusing on the concrete production industry in Bogor Regency. The application of zero waste concept in this industry aims to minimize environmental impact of wastewater containing high pH, heavy metals, chemicals, and suspended solids by considering recycling as a sustainable management solution. Sampling for data analysis was conducted using grab sampling method. The analysis results indicate that wastewater treatment in the concrete production industry involves sedimentation units and simple filter media. The detention time (td) produced, pH concentration, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Total Suspended Solids (TSS), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and Nitrite each fall within ranges of 6 – 7, 71 – 160 mg/l, 0.0027 – 0.0203 mg/l, 241.40 – 444.38 mg/l, and 0.17 – 0.98 mg/l respectively, with removal efficiencies of 38.47%, 88.72%, 23.78%, and 95.80%. Recommendations include the necessity of monitoring water flow rates in each WWTP unit for more accurate analysis results.
Keyword: Air limbah industri, efisiensi penyisihan, penggunaan kembali air, produksi beton

Judul: Rancangan Instalasi Pengolahan Air limbah Industri dengan proses biologis Biological nutrient removal
Abstrak: Kegiatan industri yang menghasilkan limbah cair, berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran air di lingkungan apabila tidak diolah dengan sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik limbah cair PT. W, membuat rancangan unit IPAL yang sesuai, serta menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan mikroba pada pengolahan biologis biological nutrient removal. Metode pengujian serta baku mutu yang digunakan adalah SNI pengujian air limbah, Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 03 Tahun 2010, dan Keputusan Gubernur DKI Jakarta No. 582 Tahun 2005. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai Total Suspended Solids (TSS), amonia (NH3), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sulfida (S), minyak dan lemak serta fecal coliform melampaui baku mutu sehingga perlu diolah lebih lanjut. Rancangan unit IPAL yang digunakan adalah bak ekualisasi, bak penampung, bar screen, grit chamber, sedimentasi primer, biological nutrient removal, clarifier, desinfeksi, sludge thickener, sludge digester, dan sludge drying bed. Biological nutrient removal merupakan unit pengolahan biologis suspended growth yang dipilih karena unit dapat dirancang untuk menurunkan nilai BOD, TSS, dan NH3 menjadi 10 mg/l, 10 mg/l, dan 1 mg/l. Tingkat efektivitas penggunaan mikroorganisme dalam unit ini dapat diketahui dari persen penurunan nilai parameter pencemar., Industrial activities that produces waste water, causes water pollution if it not treated properly. The research objectives were to analyze and identify PT. W wastewater characteristic, to design an appropriate WWTP of PT. W and analyze the effectiveness of microorganism at biological process biological nutrient removal. The method used was based on SNI of wastewater analyzing, Regulation of Minister of the Environment Number 03/2010, and DKI Jakarta‘s Governor Regulation Number 582/2005. Result of the analysis showed TSS, NH3, S, BOD, COD, oil and grease, and fecal coliform exceeded the threshold. The units that used are equalization tank, bar screen, grit chamber, primary sedimentation, biological nutrient removal (BNR), clarifier, disinfection, sludge thickener, sludge digester, and sludge drying bed. Biological nutrient removal is suspended growth biological process were chosen because it could remove BOD, TSS, and NH3 concentration into 10 mg/l, 10 mg/l, and 1 mg/l. The effectivity of microorganism uses can be known by percent removal of indicator concentrations.
Keyword: air limbah, biological nutrient removal, IPAL

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship