Judul: Strategi Keberhasilan Rehabilitasi Hutan dan Lahan Pada DAS Cidurian
Abstrak: Cidurian Watershed is one of the watersheds in Java Island that is classified as a watershed to be rehabilitated. The performance of Cidurian Watershed, from upstream to downstream, is classified as poor. Agriculture land dominates the land cover in Cidurian Watershed. It potentially causes land degradation. It is showed by the increase of degraded land in Cidurian Watershed. It increased b 24,21% (20.744, 29 ha) from 2013 to 2018 which lead to frequent flash flood disasters in Cidurian Watershed occurred in March 2017 and April 2018, respectively. Land and forest rehabilitation strategy need to be applied to optimize the land and forest rehabilitation program sustainably. This research aims to 1) assess the hydrological characteristics of Cidurian Watershed using the SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tool) hydrological model; 2) assess the hydrological performance based on the prepared simulation scenarios; and 3) formulate successful strategies for Land and Forest Rehabilitation in Cidurian Watershed based on the best scenario. Various land use and management scenarios were simulated using SWAT to estimate their impact on the hydrological characteristics of the Cidurian Watershed. The applied scenarios are as follows: 1) Implementation of Spatial Planning of Banten and West Java Province; 2) Implementation of Forest and Land Rehabilitation and; 3) Implementation of Forest and Land Rehabilitation, combined with Soil and Water Conservation measures. The calibration and validation of the model showed a satisfactory category with NSE values of 0.53 and 0.50, respectively. All scenarios result in a better improvement on hydrological responses compared to the existing conditions in 2020. The surface runoff and sediment yield decreased and the lateral flow and base flow increased. The scenarios reduced the value of the Annual Flow Coefficient and Flow Regime Coefficient. Implementation of Forest and Land Rehabilitation and Soil and Water Conservation is the best scenario with Annual Runoff Coefficient and Flow Regime Coefficient values 0,27 and 22.40. The strategy of forest and land rehabilitation in Cidurian Watershed can be applied through the good Environmental Governance concept. Watershed management will be conducted in a synergistic, integrated, and effective matter among the stakeholders and society. The funding of Cidurian Watershed management can be conducted to follow the money follow program concept. It will be funded based on the program that fits the management target in synergistic of the stakeholder.
Keyword: Cidurian watershed, land and forest rehabilitation, SWAT model, water and soil conservation, watershed management strategy

Judul: Evaluation Land Use Changes and The Effect on The Hydrological Characteristics of the Upper Citarum Watershed
Abstrak: Currently mayority of watersheds in Indonesia have suffered a lot of decreased function in maintaining water availability and environmental health, one of which is citarum watershed. Land use changes in the Citarum watershed are very intensive, especially in the upstream part. The upstream watershed plays an important role as a water absorbtion area and a buffer zone for the downstream area. The research was conducted in the upper Citarum watershed covering an area of 175,158.9 hectares with the outlet at Nanjung stream monitoring station, which aims to analyze land use changes on hydrological characteristics in the upper Citarum watershed, and formulate land use direction in the upper Citarum watershed that are able to preserve the hydrological function of the watershed. The research were devided to; (1) visual interpretation of SPOT image data; (2) analysis of land use changes; (3) hydrological response analysis of river discharge; (4) analysis of the effect of land use changes on river discharge; (5) analysis of the suitability of upper citarum watershed spatial pattern to spatial plans of West Java. Spot image interpretation can be done well as shown by the Overall Accuracy (OA) coefficient of 93.33% and Kappa Accuracy (KA) of 90.6%. The results of the analysis of the map of land use changes in the upper Citarum watershed in the period 2009 - 2018 showed an increase in vacant land (+95%), developed land (39.7%), rice field (+13%), and plantations (+6.4%). The increase was accompanied by a decrease in bushland (-60%), rice fields (-17.4%), and forests (-5.5%). The percentage of suitability of the existing land is 59.6% suitable and 40.7% not in accordance with the spatial pattern of the West Java spatial plans. The results of hydrological response evaluation show that the Ciwidey, Cisangkuy, and Cihaur sub-watersheds are classified as first priority to be restored it’s hydological response entirely. Second Priority is Cirasea, Cikeruh, and Cikapundung sub-watersheds, where efforts to restore hydrological response are gradual. Where as the Citarik sub-watershed is classified as third priority that the hydrological conditions must be maintained. The application of land conservation that combines vegetative and physical conservation is aimed at types of land use that do not match the area's spatial pattern. The management and utilization of agricultural and plantation land by applying agroforestry systems, intercropping and terracing along with the application of a zero runoff system in built-up land is expected to improve the hydrological response of the Upper Citarum Watershed.
Keyword: hidrological response, land use changes, upper Citarum watershed, hidrological response, land use changes, upper Citarum watershed

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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