Judul: Total Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Tests Variations in Extraction Methods and Solvents for Java Cardamom Fruit (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton)
Abstrak: Metode dan pelarut ekstraksi dilaporkan mempengaruhi kadar senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan buah kapulaga jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh metode dan jenis pelarut ekstraksi terbaik filtrat buah kapulaga jawa (Amomum compactum) berdasarkan kadar total fenolik, flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan. Buah kapulaga jawa diekstraksi dengan metode konvesional Refluks dan metode modern yaitu Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) dan Continuous Shaking Extraction (CSE) dengan pelarut Etanol, Metanol, dan Akuades. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode ekstraksi MAE pelarut Akuades memperoleh hasil tertinggi pada kadar fenolik yaitu 1,33, Extraction methods and solvents were reported to influence the levels of secondary metabolite compounds and antioxidant activity of Javanese cardamom fruit. This study aimed to determine the effect of the best extraction method and type of solvent for Javanese cardamom (Amomum compactum) fruit filtrate based on total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity levels. Javanese cardamom fruit is extracted using the conventional Reflux method and modern methods, namely Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Continuous Shaking Extraction (CSE) with the solvents Ethanol, Methanol, and Aquades. The results showed that the MAE extraction method using Aquades solvent obtained the highest results in phenolic content, namely 1.33
Keyword: antioxidant, cardamom, methods, secondary metabolites, solvents

Judul: Optimization of Total Flavonoids and FRAP Antioxidant Test Method Cardamom Fruit Extract (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton).
Abstrak: Kapulaga (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber antioksidan yang potensial. Buah kapulaga memiliki berbagai kandungan metabolit sekunder, yaitu senyawa fenolik yang diketahui memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan, khususnya flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi optimal keberadaan senyawa flavonoid pada buah kapulaga yang diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat dengan menggunakan rancangan simplex centroid design dan kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan optimal dari ekstrak tersebut menggunakan metode FRAP. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi menggunakan empat pelarut yaitu akuades, metanol, etanol dan etil asetat berdasarkan rancangan simplex centroid design. Kandungan total flavonoid (TFC) diuji menggunakan metode kalorimetri dan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan uji daya antioksidan pereduksi besi (FRAP). Hasil optimasi total flavonoid dan antioksidan FRAP yang diarsipkan adalah ketika mengunakan pelarut methanol dengan proporsi 1 untuk ekstraksi dengan nilai respon TFC 0.05549 mg QUE/g bobot kering dan FRAP 0.5381 µmol TE/g bobot kering dengan tingkat desirability sebesar 94%., Cardamom (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) is a spice plant that can be used as a potential source for antioxidants. Cardamom fruit contains various secondary metabolites, namely phenolic compounds which are known to have antioxidant abilities, especially flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the presence of flavonoid compounds in cardamom extracted with methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents using the simplex centroid design and the optimal antioxidant activity capabilitiesof these extract using the FRAP method. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method using four solvents namely aquadest, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate based on the simplex centroid design. The total flavonoids content (TFC) was tested using the calorimetry method and its antioxidant activity used the iron-reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) test. The best results of optimizing the total flavonoids and antioxidants is when using methanol solvent with a proportion of 1 for extraction with a TFC response value of 0.05549 mg QUE/g dry weight and FRAP 0.5381 µmol TE/g dry weight with a desirability level of 94%.
Keyword: antioxidant, cardamom fruit, flavonoid, simplex centroid design

Judul: Pengaruh vaksinasi terhadap dinamika populasi pada model SIR (Susceptible-Infected-Recovered)
Abstrak: SIR model can be used to model the spread of diseases in a closed population based on certain assumptions. In this research, the SIR model is formulated by including the factor of vaccination. As the result, the model has been shown to have two equilibrium points, i.e. disease free and endemic equilibrium. A simulation study is carried out to illustrate the model. The results show that some equilibrium points are asymptotically stable. Moreover, a minimum level of vaccination has been defined. For the vaccination level less than the minimum level, increase in the vaccination level results in decrease of the proportion of infected individuals in the corresponding equilibrium point. On the other hand, for the vaccination level greater than the minimum level, increase in the vaccination level results in decrease the proportion of susceptible individuals in the corresponding equilibrium point. Furthermore, when vaccination level is greater than the minimum level, it is found that the time needed for the disease to extinct is shorter.
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