Judul: Model Pendugaan Kerugian Akibat Bencana Letusan Gunung Api di Sektor Pertanian
Abstrak: Indonesia is an agricultural country. Ironically, as an agricultural country Indonesia has yet to have the independence and sovereignty in terms of food needs for its people. This is compounded by the disasters that occurred in Indonesia, which led to decreased productivity in the agricultural sector. One such disaster is of volcanic eruptions. The hot lava, cold lava and ash as well as burst of volcanic materials emitted when a volcanic eruption occurred has caused damage to land, crops, horticulture and plantation located around the erupting volcano. Of course this can cause losses in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in this study, will be developed loss estimation models due to volcanic eruption in the agricultural sector. The loss estimation model used was adopted from a model developed by the International Center of Geohazard (ICG), through NORSAR (Norway) and the University of Alicante (Spain) implemented in a tool called SELENA (Seismic Loss Estimation using logic Approach tree) which is used to estimate the economic loss due to the earthquake. Because we assumed that earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have the same probability of damage depends on the distance to the center of the disaster, then the SELENA model can be applied to volcanic eruption by adjusting some parameters. Some parameters adjusted are the type of occupancy, type of building and level of damage is thought to match with the type of plant, plant age and disaster-prone zones. Calculation of area planted, probability of damages and costs of investment also need to be adjusted to calculate the total economic loss. Based on loss estimation model and by using the data area planted for each plant type-i aged-j in zone-k and hypothetical data of total damaged probability, plant type-i damaged probability, plant aged-j damaged probability, plant in zone-k damaged probability obtained value of the economic loss and interval of loss for each plant type-i agedj in zone-k. The economic loss determined in this thesis might be used by local goverment or center goverment to calculate the amount of funds required following this natural distater.
Keyword: Agriculture Sector, Economic Losses, Estimation Model, Volcanic Eruption

Judul: Estimation of Economic Losses of Rice Farmers and  Agricultural Sector Recovery Strategies After Earthquake in Cianjur Regency
Abstrak: Gempa bumi berkekuatan 5,6 magnitudo yang terjadi di Kabupaten Cianjur disebabkan oleh aktivitas sesar aktif pada bagian timur laut zona sesar Cimandiri. Dampak yang ditimbulkan yaitu kerusakan dan kerugian pada sektor pertanian, termasuk petani padi. Kondisi lingkungan, sosial, dan ekonomi petani padi juga mengalami perubahan yang harus segera dipulihkan agar dapat kembali beraktivitas normal. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi petani padi terhadap dampak gempa bumi pada sektor pertanian, mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi usaha tani padi akibat gempa bumi, serta mengidentifikasi strategi pemulihan sektor pertanian pasca-gempa bumi di Kabupaten Cianjur. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan mixed method. Analisis kuantitatif menggunakan metode change of productivity dan loss of income. Sementara itu, analisis kualitatif menggunakan model interaktif dan content analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa gempa bumi berdampak paling besar pada kerusakan bangunan penggilingan padi. Sementara itu, petani tidak berencana mengubah pola tanam, tidak ingin direlokasi, dan menunggu bantuan dari pemerintah. Perubahan produktivitas petani padi sawah di Kecamatan Warungkondang sebesar 1,15 ton/ha/MT. Selain itu, perubahan pendapatan usaha tani padi sawah pasca-gempa bumi di Kecamatan Warungkondang turun sebesar Rp4.016.252 atau 40,55 persen. Terdapat 11 strategi pemulihan sektor pertanian pasca-gempa bumi di Kabupaten Cianjur dengan keterlibatan 10 lembaga atau organisasi., The 5.6 magnitude earthquake in the Cianjur Regency was caused by active fault activity in the northeastern part of the Cimandiri fault zone. The impact was damage and losses to the agricultural sector, including rice farmers. The environmental, social, and economic conditions of rice farmers also experienced changes that must be restored immediately in order to return to normal activities. The study aimed to analyze rice farmers' perceptions of the impact of the earthquake on the agricultural sector, estimate the value of economic losses to rice farming due to the earthquake, and identify strategies for post-earthquake recovery of the agricultural sector in the Cianjur Regency. The research used a mixed-method approach. Quantitative analysis used the change of productivity and loss of income methods. Meanwhile, the qualitative analysis used interactive models and content analysis. The results showed that the earthquake had the greatest impact on damage to rice mill buildings. Meanwhile, farmers do not plan to change their cropping patterns, do not want to be relocated, and are waiting for assistance from the government. Changes in productivity of rice field farmers in Warungkondang Subdistrict amounted to 1.15 tons/ha/MT. In addition, post-earthquake changes in rice field farming income in the Warungkondang sub-district decreased by IDR 4,016,252 or 40.55 percent. There are 11 strategies for post-earthquake agricultural sector recovery in the Cianjur Regency with the involvement of 10 institutions or organizations.
Keyword: padi sawah, penilaian kerugian ekonomi, ring of fire, surat kabar, tanaman pangan

Judul: Karakteristik Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH
Abstrak: Carboxymethyl chitosan is chitosan derivative product obtained from chemical modification. CMCh were made by alkalization process and carboxymethylation process. Factors that affect CMCh characteristics were excess sodium hydroxide in alkalization process, ratio between chitosan and monochloroacetic acid, and carboxymethylation temperature. The objectives of this research were to study the NaOH effect to CMCh characteristics, to learn process of making CMCh, to set the proper concentration of NaOH, and to analyze CMCh characteristics. CMCh yields were 110.72%-114.22%. CMCh pH value were 3.74-4.31. The optimum NaOH concentration to obtain the best CHCh was 10 M. Percentage of CMCh moisture content was 10.70%-11.42%. Ash content and nitrogen content of CMCh were 0.49%-0.50% and 4.52%-4.81%. CMCh viscousity was 8.25 cps. Percentage of CMCh solubility was 61.61%-91.50%. The different functional groups from chitosan which observed in CMCh were C=O group, CH group from alkene functional group, C−O group, and C−O−C group.
Keyword: solubility., functional group, CMCh characteristics, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan