Judul: Impact of Investment on Economic Disparities between Regions in Indonesia
Abstrak: Perbedaan pendapatan perkapita antar wilayah provinsi semakin besar dalam kurun waktu 4 tahun terakhir, sementara dalam kurun waktu tersebut investasi cenderung meningkat. Dengan demikian tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mengukur tingkat ketimpangan antar wilayah berdasarkan Indeks Williamson dan menganalisis dampak investasi terhadap ketimpangan tersebut. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi data panel dan perhitungan indeks Williamson. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik, BKPM dan Open Data PUPR. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa tingkat ketimpangan wilayah cenderung tinggi atau mendekati angka 1 dalam kurun waktu 4 tahun yaitu dengan rata-rata nilai indeks Williamson sebesar 0,71. Berdasarkan analis data panel menunjukan bahwa investasi berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan ekonomi antar wilayah. Variabel infrastruktur dan tingkat pengangguran terbuka bersama-sama berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan ekonomi antar wilayah. dan variabel tingkat pendidikan berpengaruh negatif dan tidak signifikan terhadap ketimpangan ekonomi antar wilayah di Indonesia., The difference in per capita income between provinces has been getting higher in the last 4 years, while during this period investment tends to increase. Thus, the main objective of this study is to measure the level of inequality between regions based on the Williamson Index and to analyze the impact of investment on this inequality. The method used in this study is panel data regression analysis and the calculation of the Williamson index. The data in this study were obtained from the Central Statistics Agency, BKPM and PUPR Open Data. The results of the analysis show that the level of regional inequality tends to be high or close to number 1 in a period of 4 years, with an average Williamson index value of 0.71. Based on panel data analysis, it shows that investment has a negative and significant effect on economic inequality between regions. The infrastructure variable and the open unemployment rate together have a positive and significant effect on economic inequality between regions. and the variable level of education has a negative and insignificant effect on economic inequality between regions in Indonesia.
Keyword: investment, regional inequality, williamson index

Judul: Impact of investment inflows on regional disparity in Indonesia
Abstrak: Some tactical pilicies related to region development, whether they were intended or not, were implemented since the early 1970's. Moreover some policies have been formulated in 1990s to reduce regional disparities. However, they are more in normative level than implementation. An increasing level of regional income inequality, which accompanied the rapid economic growth, shows the failure of same those policies. The large differences in economic indicators among provincies in Indonesia are no doubt due to the very significant inequality of investment inflows. The problem of ecomonic disparity across Indonesia will still exist. This study aims to analyze the disparity of regional economy by testing the income convergence; to identify the relationship between regional income and investment inflows and to find the determinants of foreign investment inflows into provinces
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Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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