Judul: Economic Impact Analysis of Road Infrastructure due to Estate Crops Sector in Lampung Province.
Abstrak: Estate commodities are mainstay product for Indonesia export, but most of it was being export as fresh product. These facts showed that industrialization in estate crops product has not been maximized yet. Road infrastructure has important role as promoting sector for industrialization. The objective of this research are (1) to analyze the role of estate crops sector and roads, bridges and ports sector in Lampung Province economic development; (2) to analyze connection and role of investment in roads, bridges and ports sector for estate crops sector; and (3) to analyze role of road infrastructure for the improvement of coffee agribusiness performance in Lampung Province. Analysis tool used for this research are input output table analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and efficiency analysis using mathematic equation. This research were held in Lampung Province. Input-Output analysis (IO) showed that the roads, bridges and ports sector, coconut sector, and coffee sector, are the key sectors in economic development of Lampung province. Estate crops sector who really need the output of roads, bridges and ports sector is the palm sector, while acting as input provider is rubber sector. Increased length of road has positive effect for coffee production in Lampung Province while improved quality of roads could reduce transportation costs up to 22.501%. Reduction in transport costs can reduce production costs and the price of coffee will be more competitive. In order to increased estate crops production specially coffee in Lampung Province, government should build new roads, encourage the use of high quality seeds, and rejuvenation of unproductive trees.
Keyword: estate crops, input-output, Road

Judul: The roles of agroindustry in the regional economy of Lampung Province: analysis of intersectoral linkages and agglomeration of industries
Abstrak: The objectives of this study are to analyze intersectoral linkages among agroindustry in the regional economy of Lampung Province, to identify the existence of spatial concentration and agglomeration of agroindustry, to analyze agglomeration economies in the agroindustrial sectors, and to analyze some policies that are potentially improve the roles of agroindustry in the regional economy. This study used data of provincial Input-Output Table of 2000 and 2005 aggregated into 26 sectors (12 agroindustrial sectors and 14 non agroindustrial sectors) and results of Medium and Large Industrial Survey 1998-2005. In addition, it used indices to measure the size of agglomeration. It utilized also Cobb-Douglas production function to measure the agglomeration economies. Some policy simulations were analyzed to identify the effects of changes of final demand on sectoral outputs, income, and labor. The results show that in terms of linkages and multipliers of sectoral output, income, and labor, agroindustrial sectors have the biggest roles in the regional economy. The sectors also boost the other sectors’ growth. They have strong backward as well as forward linkages that are greater than those of other sectors. Most agroindustrial sectors are concentrated in one or few districts/municipalities. These concentrations significantly effect the production outputs. Most economies of localization and urbanization exist in the agroindustrial sectors. The combined policies of increasing government expenditure, investment, and export that are proportionally allocated to all of the agglomerated agroindustrial sectors result in the greatest positive change of sectoral output, households’ income, and labors absorption. The impact of economic policy on the agglomerated agroindustrial sectors are greater than that of similar policy that are applied to non agglomerated agroindustrial sectors.
Keyword: the combined policies, government expenditure, input-output policy, agglomerated agroindustrial sector

Judul: Kimiawi imunoglobulin G serta perbedaabbya antara berbagi species hewan
Abstrak: Antibodi adalah molekul protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel plasma sebagai akibat interaksi antara limfosit B peka antigen dengan antigen khusus. Antibodi ini disebut juga imunoglobulin karena molekulnya berbentuk globulin. Jadi imunoglobulin merupakan molekul protein yang membawa akti- vitas antibodi, yaitu sifat kombinasi spesifik dengan zat yang mendatangkan formasi antigen. Diantara kelas imunoglobulin, Ig G adalah yang paling melimpah dalam serum darah. Ig G ini memainkan peran utama dalam mekanisme pertahanan. Ig G merupakan struktur glikoprotein dengan dasar bentuk bangunan diagram tetrapolipeptida yang mengandung 4 ran tai polipeptida dengan 2 rantai berat (H) yang identik dan 2 rantai ringan L) yang identik. Rantai polipeptida ini di bentuk oleh rangkaian asam amino. Tiap rantai berat (H) me ngandung 446 residu asam amino dengam BM (2 x 50.000) Dal ton dan tiap rantai ringan (L) mengandung residu asam amino 213() atau 214 () dengan BM (2 x 25.000) Dalton. Bagian variabel dari rantai berat (VH) mengandung 118 residu asam amino dan bagian variabel rantai ringan (VL) mengandung 108 () atau 109 () residu, sedangkan residu sisanya dari masing-masing rantai adalah bagian konstan (CH dan CL). Adanya perbedaan-perbedaan dalam hal asam amino pada salah satu daerah variabel dapat menyebabkan perbedaan imun respon. ...
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