Judul: Effect of Gamma Ray Irradiation Dose on Genetic Diversity of Curly Red Chili (Capsicum annuum)
Abstrak: PKHT CK1 merupakan cabai merah keriting dengan sifat toleran suhu tinggi, namun produksinya masih rendah. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki genetik tanaman adalah dengan induksi mutasi fisik iradiasi sinar gamma. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghasilkan karakter baru dari tanaman cabai PKHT CK1 dengan perlakuan mutasi iradiasi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2022 hingga April 2023 di Kebun Pusat Kajian Hortikultura Tropika (PKHT) dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman AGH. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan faktor tunggal dosis iradiasi sinar gamma dan tiga ulangan. Bahan genetik yang digunakan adalah benih cabai merah keriting PKHT CK 1 dengan perlakuan iradiasi dosis 0 Gy (kontrol), 100 Gy, 150 Gy, dan 200 Gy. Berdasarkan penelitian, perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma berpengaruh nyata terhadap keragaman karakter jumlah biji per buah, namun mengakibatkan penurunan nilai rata-ratanya seiring dengan penambahan dosis iradiasi. Dosis 150 Gy berpotensi menghasilkan keragaman yang tinggi dikarenakan menghasilkan nilai koefisien keragaman terbesar khususnya pada karakter-karakter produksi, yaitu lebar kanopi tanaman, tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot per buah, dan jumlah biji per buah., PKHT CK1 is a curly red chili with high temperature tolerant properties, but its production is still low. One way to improve plant genetics is by induction of physical mutations of gamma-ray irradiation. This study aims to produce new characters from PKHT CK1 chili plants with irradiation mutation treatment. The study was conducted from November 2022 to April 2023 at Tropical Horticultural Studies Center (PKHT) field and AGH Plant Breeding Laboratory. This study used randomized complete block design with a single factor of gamma-ray irradiation dose and three repeats. The genetic material used was PKHT CK1 curly red chili seeds with irradiation treatment doses 0 Gy (control), 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy. Based on research, gamma ray irradiation treatment has a significant effect on the average number of seeds per fruit thus resulting in a decrease in the number of seeds per fruit as the irradiation dose increases. Dose of 150 Gy has the potential to produce high diversity because it produces the largest diversity coefficient value, especially in production characteristics, namely plant canopy width, plant height, stem diameter, weight per fruit, and number of seeds per fruit.
Keyword: character, mutation induction, production

Judul: Induction of Character Diversity of PKHT-CR1 Genotypes of Cayenne Paper (Capsicum annuum L.) through Gamma Ray Iradiation
Abstrak: Cabai merupakan komoditas hortikultura dengan peran penting dalam perekonomian. Produksi yang stabil dan tinggi dapat diperoleh melalui varietas unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh keragaman daya hasil dan karakter kualitatif mutan cabai CR1. Rancangan percobaan penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) dengan satu faktor yaitu dosis radiasi gamma. Penelitian terdiri atas 4 taraf perlakuan dengan masing-masing 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh perlakuan iradiasi sinar gamma tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua karakter yang diamati. Dosis iradiasi 100 Gy, 150 Gy, dan 200 Gy tidak menunjukkan perubahan nilai rata-rata semua karakter secara signifikan. Hasil pengamatan keragaman dosis 100 Gy, 150 Gy, dan 200 Gy menghasilkan keragaman karakter bobot per buah, bobot buah per tanaman dan jumlah buah per tanaman yang tinggi. Perlakuan dosis 150 Gy menghasilkan tiga individu tanaman dengan karakter bobot per buah yang tinggi. Perlakuan dosis 200 Gy menghasilkan empat individu tanaman dengan karakter bobot buah per tanaman dan tiga individu tanaman dengan karakter jumlah buah per tanaman yang tinggi, Chili is a horticultural commodity with an important role in the economy. Stable and high production can be obtained through superior varieties. This study aims to obtain the diversity of yield and qualitative characteristics of CR1 chilli mutants. The experimental design of this study was a completely randomized block design (RKLT) with one factor, namely the dose of gamma radiation. The study consists of four levels of treatment with three replications each. The results showed that all gamma irradiation treatments had no significant effect on all the observed characters. Irradiation doses of 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy did not significantly change the average value of all characters. Results observation of the variation in doses of 100 Gy, 150 Gy, and 200 Gy resulted in a high diversity of characters in weight per fruit, fruit weight per plant, and number of fruits per plant. The 150 Gy dose treatment produced three plants with a high weight per fruit character. The 200 Gy dose treatment produced four plants with the character of fruit weight per plant and three with a high number of fruits per plant.
Keyword: Chili,, gamma irradiation, mutation induction

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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