Judul: Pendugaan Kausalitas Indeks Pembangunan Manusia Dan Indeks Persepsi Korupsi Dengan Metode Momen Terampat
Abstrak: Kausalitas memiliki pengertian bahwa suatu kejadian x dapat dikatakan menyebabkan kejadian y jika nilai masa lalu kejadian x membantu menjelaskan kejadian y. Dalam penelitian ini, model data panel dinamis yang memasukkan lag dari peubah tak bebas sebagai peubah bebas digunakan untuk menjelaskan kausalitas antara kemiskinan dan korupsi tahun 2010 hingga tahun 2014 pada 162 negara di dunia. Pendugaan model dilakukan dengan metode momen terampat. Kemiskinan dan korupsi masing-masing digambarkan dengan nilai Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dan Indeks Persepsi Korupsi (IPK). Setelah dilakukan pengelompokan berdasarkan pendapatan, diperoleh 2 model dari 8 model yang memenuhi kriteria penduga yang baik. Kedua model tersebut antara lain model dengan IPM sebagai peubah tak bebas pada kelompok negara dengan pendapatan menengah ke bawah dan model dengan IPK sebagai peubah tak bebas pada kelompok negara dengan pendapatan tinggi.
Keyword: Indeks Persepsi Korupsi, Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, kausalitas, Metode Momen Terampat

Judul: Penerapan SEM-PLS untuk Mengevaluasi Faktor yang Memengaruhi Indeks Pembangunan Manusia
Abstrak: Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) merupakan indikator penting untuk mengukur seberapa besar keberhasilan suatu negara dalam membangun kualitas hidup manusia. Faktor penunjang kualitas IPM di Indonesia adalah bidang kesehatan, pendidikan, dan ekonomi. Mengetahui hubungan antar peubah laten dan hubungan antara peubah laten dengan masing-masing indikatornya dapat dianalisis menggunakan Structural Equation Modelling (SEM). Namun demikian diperlukan asumsi kenormalan data. Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) merupakan solusi untuk asumsi kenormalan data serta tidak mensyaratkan banyaknya minimum contoh. Penelitian ini menggunakan data BPS 2018 yang terdiri dari 4 peubah laten yaitu IPM, kesehatan, pendidikan, dan ekonomi, dengan 18 indikator dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh indikator peubah laten pendidikan, ekonomi, serta kesehatan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) berdasarkan data provinsi di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peubah laten pendidikan, ekonomi, serta kesehatan memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di Indonesia. Model yang diuji sudah cukup baik dalam menjelaskan keragaman dari peubah laten Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) dengan nilai evaluasi 𝑄��2 sebesar 71,9%.
Keyword: Bootsrapping, Human Development Index (HDI), Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS)

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable