Judul: Profil Bobot Badan, Indeks Massa Tubuh dan Glukosa Darah Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis) yang Diberi Pakan Tinggi Energi dan Nikotin Cair
Abstrak: Nicotine with specific dose has been reported to have an affect to decreased appetite on rodents. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of nicotine on body weight, body mass index and blood glucose levels of cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) fed high energy diet given for three months. Ten adult males cynomolgus monkeys were randomly divided into two groups. The first group fed with main ingredient from beef tallow and the second group with commercial monkey chow. In both diets, nicotine liquid were added with final dosage consumed by monkeys of at least 0,75 mg/kg body weight. The design used in this study was complete randomized design in time. Data collected was analyzed to find correlation between time and treatment. Measurement was performed monthly on body weight, body mass index and blood glucose levels. Results showed that weight loss was not significant (P>0,05), however BMI and blood glucose level was decreased significantly in the first group (P<0,05). The conclusion of this study, nicotine intervention given for three months in adult male cynomolgus monkeys with high energy diet from beef tallow reduced blood glucose level and body mass index but not its body weigh
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Judul: Peran nikotin dosis rendah terhadap profil glukosa darah dan insulin serta perubahan jaringan pankreas dan hati monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) obes
Abstrak: Study of low dose nicotine intervention and its effect on blood and cellular level of obese cynomolgus monkeys has never been reported. The aims of this study were to evaluate the role of low dose nicotine on the profile of blood glucose, insulin level and cellular level alteration of pancreatic and hepatic tissue of obese cynomolgus monkey. Fourteen adult (aged 6–8 years) males cynomolgus monkeys grouped based on their Body Mass Index (BMI) into preobese (BMI=23.65–25.00) and obese (BMI ≥ 26.00) were used. Animals were grouped into four groups subsequently preobese with nicotine (pOb+), obese with nicotine (Ob+), preobese without nicotine (pOb-) and obese without nicotine (Ob-). Nicotine groups were fed with high fat diet mixed with nicotine dose 0.75 mg/kg body weight/day for three months and other groups without nicotine were fed monkey chow as control. Blood samples were collected every month for glucose analysis and insulin analysis at the end of study before necropsy was performed. Pancreatic and hepatic tissues were processed histologically and stained with hematoxylin-eosin and immunohistochemical method. The results showed that blood glucose significantly decreased (P<0.05) on the nicotine group, 28.37% (preobes) and 33.72% (obes) based on treatment duration compared to control group. Based on color intensity of granules cytoplasm of insulin producing cells or immunoreactive β-cells showed that non nicotine group were more reactive than those with nicotine group. As a conclusion, there was positive effect of low dose nicotine in maintaining the blood glucose level in normal range by stimulation of islet cells proliferation to maintain the production of insulin in the pancreatic islet. Nicotine low dose also affect to the hepatic parenchymal tissue that showed moderate level of hydrophic and fat degeneration, and necrosis. However, there were found hepatic cell regeneration.
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Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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