Judul: Coating Berbasis Aloe Vera Gel dan Beeswax Untuk Memperpanjang Umur Simpan Salak Kultivar Madu
Abstrak: Salak madu merupakan kultivar dari salak pondoh yang memiliki ciri khas yaitu kulit berwarna coklat mengkilat, daging buah yang mengandung banyak air dan rasa yang khas seperti madu. Salak memiliki umur simpan yang relatif singkat dikarenakan serangan mikroorganisme dan transpirasi yang tinggi. Salah satu teknologi pascapanen yang dapat diaplikasi untuk menjawab permasalahan tersebut adalah menggunakan coating. Aloe vera gel merupakan salah satu bahan coating yang telah banyak digunakan untuk mempertahankan umur simpan buah. Namun kakateristik aloe vera yang kurang resistan terhadap uap air perlu dikombinasikan dengan coating berbahan lipid untuk meningkatkan kandungan hidropobik pada gel. Beeswax merupakan salah satu coating berbahan lipid yang dapat meningkatkan kemampuan coating dalam mencegah kehilangan kelembapan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan konsentrasi terbaik dari aloe vera gel dan beeswax dan menguji efektifitas pelapis dalam bentuk monolayer, emulsi dan bilayer dalam mempertahankan kesegaran dan memperpanjang umur simpan buah salak madu. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan terdiri dari dua tahap penelitian. Penelitian tahap pertama bertujuan menemukan konsentrasi Aloe vera dan beeswax terbaik dari konsentrasi aloe vera yang diamati yaitu 10%, 30% dan 50% dan 3%, 6% dan 10% untuk beeswax. Parameter yang diamati adalah tingkat kerusakan, susut bobot dan warna kulit selama 12 hari penyimpanan di suhu lingkungan (ruang). Penelitian tahap ke dua bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh aplikasi konsentrasi terbaik dari masing-masing bahan coating dalam bentuk monolayer, emulsi dan bilayer. Penyimpanan dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan parameter yang diamati adalah laju respirasi, susut bobot, kadar air, kekerasan, total padatan terlarut, warna kulit dan persentase kerusakan. Hasil penelitian tahap ke satu menunjukan aloe vera 30% dan beeswax 3% dipilih sebagai pelapis terbaik untuk dilanjutkan pada penelitian tahap ke dua. Pemilihan berdasarkan kemampuan coating dalam menekan tingkat kerusakan selama penyimpanan. Aloe vera 30% dapat menekan tingkat kerusakan yang disebabkan busuk lunak (15.24%), jamur (2.86%) dan kering (18.10%), sedangkan perlakuan beeswax dapat menekan kerusakan karena busuk lunak (10.48%), jamur (0.95%) dan kering (28.57%) sampai hari ke-6 penyimpanan. Penelitian tahap ke dua, menunjukkan hasil bahwa pemberian coating mampu mempertahankan laju respirasi, susut bobot, kekerasan, warna kulit dan kerusakan buah salak madu selama 14 hari penyimpanan di suhu lingkungan (27±2° C). Perlakuan aloe vera 30% tanpa penambahan beeswax dan kombinasi aloe vera 30% dengan beeswax 3% dalam bentuk emulsi merupakan perlakuan terbaik dibandingkan perlakuan lain berdasarkan mutu kritis salak (persentase kerusakan) dan preferensi konsumen (rasa, tekstur dan warna kulit)
Keyword: Salak madu, aloe vera, beeswax, komposit coating

Judul: Aplikasi pengemasan dan coating ekstrak kulit buah manggis untuk memperpanjang umur simpan buah salak pondoh
Abstrak: The increase of farm productivity and market demand on salak cannot guarantee the continuity of its availability in market due to the short shelf life also physical, chemical and biological damage that occur during storage and distribution. Salak damaged easily because this fruit is still carry on respiration after harvested. Antioxidant in mangosteen peel can inhibit the respiration rate and extend the shelf life of salak. This study was conducted in three main stages; it was the extraction of mangosteen peel and coating solution making. packaging application, also the storage. Sorted salak coated with the mangosteen peel extract coating solution with ethanol and distilled water ratio 0:1, 1:1, and 1:2. Salaks that have been coated packaged in 0.8 mm polypropylene (PP) and polyethylenethereptalate (PET) at vacuum and normal conditions. Data indicate that the composition of the solvent without ethanol in PET packaging gave the longest shelf life of salak for 26 days long. These salaks is the mostpreferred by the consumer and gave the degradation percentage of weight loss 0.03% per day, levels of vitamin C 0.04mg/100g per day, total acid 0.009mg/100g per day and degradation of soluble solid 0.03° Brix per day.
Keyword: Salak, Mangosteen pericarp extract, Fruit coating

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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