Judul: Type and Distribution of Mistletoe in IPB Darmaga Campus and Their Utilisation of Birds
Abstrak: Benalu atau mistletoe adalah tumbuhan yang bersifat hemiparasit pada tumbuhan inang. Secara ekologi hubungan antara benalu, pohon inang, dan burung memiliki sifat menguntungkan dan merugikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis benalu, pohon inang, persebaran benalu, jenis-jenis dan kelimpahan burung yang menggunakan benalu, dan mendeskripsikan aktivitas burung pada benalu dan tumbuhan yang terinfestasi benalu di Kampus IPB Darmaga. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan terdapat 3 jenis benalu dari famili Loranthaceae, yaitu Dendrophthtoe pentandra, Scurrula atropurpurea, Macrosolen chochinchinensis, dan 2 jenis benalu dari famili Viscaceae yaitu Viscum ovalifolium dan Viscum articulatum. Jenis pohon inang yang terinfestasi benalu sebanyak 49 jenis dari 25 famili. Penyebaran benalu banyak ditemukan di lahan terbuka. Jenis burung yang dominan memanfaatkan benalu adalah Dicaeum trochileum dengan kelimpahan relatif 51,68%. Jenis burung yang tercatat sebanyak 13 jenis dengan aktivitas berupa ingestif, berpindah, istirahat, eliminatif dan epimeletik. Kata kunci: Dicaeum trochileum, IPB Darmaga, Mistletoe., Mistletoe is a plant that has a hemiparasitic feature in the host plants. Ecologically, the relationship between mistletoes, host trees, and birds are detrimental and mutually. The objective of this research was to identify the types of parasites, host trees, distribution of mistletoes, species, and abundance of birds using mistletoes, and to describe the activity of birds on mistletoes and mistletoe-infected plants at the Kampus IPB Darmaga. The results showed three species belong to Loranthaceae family, there were Dendrophthtoe pentandra, Scurrula atropurpurea, Macrosolen chochinchinensis and two species belong to Viscaceae family there were Viscum ovalifolium, and Viscum articulatum. There were 49 types of host trees infected by mistletoe from 25 families. The mistletoes are distributed mostly in the open area. The dominant bird species using mistletoes were Dicaeum trochileum with a relative abundance of 51.68%. There were 13 bird species recorded with the behavior being ingestive, moving, resting, eliminative, and epimeletic. Keywords: Dicaeum trochileum, IPB Darmaga, Mistletoe.
Keyword: IPB Darmaga, Mistletoe, Dicaeum trochileum

Judul: Utilization of Ficus benjamina and Ficus hispida by Birds at IPB Darmaga Campus
Abstrak: Tumbuhan Ficus dikenal sebagai keystone species bagi berbagai jenis satwa di ekosistem hutan tropis. Beberapa famili burung diketahui memiliki interaksi simbiosis mutualisme dengan tumbuhan Ficus. Berbagai penelitian mengenai komunitas burung telah dilakukan di Kampus IPB Darmaga sebagai kampus yang memiliki potensi kenekaragaman hayati tinggi namun belum ada penelitian yang mempelajari interaksi antara komunitas burung dan Ficus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis, pemanfaatan ruang dan waktu, serta perilaku burung yang memanfaatkan Ficus benjamina dan Ficus hispida. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-April 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada 3 pohon contoh F. benjamina dan 3 pohon contoh F. hispida dengan menggunakan metode instantaneous-scan sampling. Sebanyak 18 spesies burung teramati memanfaatkan kedua spesies Ficus. Secara umum, pemanfaatan F. benjamina oleh burung lebih tinggi daripada F. hispida. Pemanfaatan ruang dan waktu oleh burung bervariasi pada tiap spesies Ficus. Perilaku ingestif menjadi perilaku yang paling banyak tercatat dibandingkan perilaku diam, bersuara, berpindah, dan agonistik., Ficus plants are known as keystone species for various types of animals in tropical forest ecosystems. Several bird families are known to have mutualistic symbiotic interactions with Ficus plants. Various studies on bird communities have been carried out at the Darmaga Campus of IPB as a campus that has high biodiversity potential, but there has been no research that studies the interaction between bird communities and Ficus. This study aims to identify the species, use of space and time, and behavior of birds that utilize Ficus benjamina and Ficus hispida. The study was conducted in March-April 2021. Data were collected on 3 focal trees of F. benjamina and 3 focal trees of F. hispida using the instantaneous-scan sampling method. A total of 18 bird species were observed utilizing both Ficus species. In general, the utilization of F. benjamina by birds was higher than that of F. hispida. The use of space and time by birds varies in each Ficus species. Ingestive behavior is the most recorded behavior compared to vigilance, vocal, locomotion, and agonistic behavior.
Keyword: Ficus, Kampus IPB Darmaga, komunitas burung, perkotaan

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: