Judul: Peranan Perkebunan Rakyat dalam Penanggulangan Kemiskinan di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan.
Abstrak: Walaupun sektor perkebunan sangat dominan, namun kesejahteraan rumahtangga petani di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan sangat rendah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk: 1) menganalisis peran perkebunan rakyat dalam menanggulangi kemiskinan, 2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat pendapatan dan kemiskinan rumahtangga petaniperkebunan rakyat di Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan. Analisis data meliputi: Loc ation Quetient (LQ), Shift Share Analysis- (SSA), Regresi Linier berrganda, Indeks Gini, Regresi Logistik Binari dan Analisis Deskriptif. Hasil pen elitian menunjukkan bahwa perkembangan perkebunan rakyat sangat berperan terhadap penanggulangan kerniskinan di Kabupaten Halmahera selatan. Dengan berkernbangnya perkebunan rakyat, jumlah penduduk miskin simakin berkurang walaupun tingkat kerniskinan relatif tinggi (70%). Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatan petani pekebun adalah pekerjaan sampingan, jurnlah anggota keluarga, luas lahan, sistem penanaman, akses pasar dan pengeluaran. Sedangkan faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan adalah umur petani, pengalaman berkebun, luas lahan, umur tanaman dan akses pasar. Kebijakan penanggulangan kemiskinan harus berfokus pada pemberdayaan petani dalam meningkatkan produktivitas dan pendapatan riit sub sektor perkebunan seperti peremajaan tanaman,penyuluhan dan pernbinanan pengadaan pupuk, obat-obatan danmempermudah petani ke akses sumberdaya produktif dan informasi pasar.
Keyword: Development of people plantation income, Poverty, Pembangunan wilayah, Analisis perekonomian wilayah, Analisis peran perkebunan dalam rumahtangga petani, Analisis deskriptif dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat, Strategi pemberdayaan masyarakat

Judul: Analisis pengembangan tanaman pangan dan hortikultura dalam penanggulangan kemiskinan di kabupaten Halmahera Barat, propinsi Maluku Utara
Abstrak: Development of food plants sub-sector and horticulture implies to the society life need, and the increase of household farmer income in West Halmahera Regency, where most household is still being under poverty line. The purpose of this research are for: (1) Analysis of the role of food plants sub-sector and horticulture in tackling poverty, (2) Analysis of factors influencing income level and poverty in farmer household of food plants and horticulture, (3) Formulation of policy recommendation in developing sub-sector of food plants and horticulture, to tackle poverty in West Halmahera Regency. The result of research indicates that development of food plants and horticulture has effect to poverty tackling effort in West Halmahera Regency. Factors that have an effect to increase farmer household income level are: age, side job, land area, cropping system, family size, and access to market.
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Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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