Judul: Risk Factor for Stunting among 0-23 Month Old Children in Bali, West Java and East Nusa Tenggara Provinces
Abstrak: Early stunting is critical largely because it increases risk of severe, persistent stunting and later deficits in cognitive ability The purpose of this study was to asses the prevalence and the risk factors of stunting among 0-23 month old children in Bali, West Java and East Nusa Tenggara. The data was gathered from Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Basic Health Research) 2010, Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia. Bali, West Java and East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) were selected because they are categorized as having mild, moderate and severe levels of stunting among children aged less than five years respectively. A total of 1554 children aged 0-23 months were selected in the analysis. Prevalence of stunting in Bali, West Java and East Nusa Tenggara was 35.9%, 31.4% and 45.0%, respectively. Chi-square test revealed that there are positive and significant associations between low birth weight (p=0.044), poor sanitation (p=0.003), paternal smoking in the home (p=0.004), low level of maternal (p=0.000) and paternal (p=0.015) education, low income (p=0.047) and mother’s height less than 150 cm (p=0.000) with stunting among 0-23 month old children in Bali, West Java and East Nusa Tenggara. Regression logistic was applied to analyze risk factors for stunting. The risk factors for stunted children were low birth weight (OR= 2.21, 95%CI= 1.006- 4.860), mother’s height less than 150 cm (OR= 1.77, 95%CI= 1.205-2.594), poor sanitation (OR= 1.46, 95%CI= 1.010-2.126) and prelacteal feeding (OR= 1.47, 95%CI= 1.000-2.154).
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Judul: Risk Factors of Stunting Among School-aged Children
Abstrak: Based on the results of Indonesian Basic Health Research in 2010, the national prevalence of stunting among school aged children (6-12 years old) was 35.6%. Stunting is a major public-health problem in low and middle-income countries because of its association with increased risk of mortality during childhood. Stunting also leads to significant physical and functional deficits among survivors (The Lancet 2008). Stunting affects the development of cognitive processes during school-aged period (Kar et al. 2008). Several studies have shown that during school-aged period, children was less experienced catchup growth or remain stable even experienced stunting (Friedman et al. 2005). Health Research and Development Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Health has conducted a Basic Health Research at national scale in 2010 that could potentially be analyzed to determine the risk factors for stunting in school-aged children. Therefore, the objective of this study was to analyze risk factors of stunting among school-aged children. Specifically, objective of this study as follows: (1) identify the characteristics of the children and families of stunted and normal children, (2) identify health and environmental sanitation in stunted and normal children, (3) identifying the incidence of infectious diseases (malaria) in stunted and normal children, (4) analyzing the quantity and quality of food consumption in stunted and normal children and (5) analyze factors that influence the incidence of stunting in the children. This study used secondary data from Basic Health Research by Health Research and Development Agency of the Indonesian Ministry of Health in 2010 with a cross-sectional study design. The data analyzed in this study were from eight Provinces which selected according category of prevalence of stunting (WHO 1997), were very high (≥ 40%) in East Nusa Tenggara and North Sumatra, high (30-39%) in West Nusa Tenggara and West Java, moderate (20-29%) in Bangka Belitung, Jakarta and Yogyakarta, and low (<20%) in Bali. Processing and data analysis was conducted in June-October 2013. Subjects of this research are boys and girls aged 6-12 years from eight provinces. Number of subjects contained in the electronic files was 11335 children. After a cleaning process, the number of children analyzed was 8710. Analysis data used Microsoft Excel 2007 and SPSS for Windows version 17.0. The t test and oneway ANOVA was used to determine mean difference of variable with data continues and mean HAZ. Chisquare test was used to determine relationship between independent variable with stunting. Multivariate analyzes were performed using logistic regression with Backward Wald method with statistical significance criteria of p<0.05, and the value of the confidence interval (CI) of 95%. Prevalence of stunting in eight provinces was 28.11 % and 11.38% were categorized as severe stunting. Stunted children were higher in older children (10- 12 years), male, mother with short stature (<145 cm), parents with low education levels (≤ primary school), father who smoking, mother with a low BMI and father 6 with normal BMI, children with ≥ 8 family member, low household expenditure (quintiles 1 and 2), and living in rural areas. There were significant relationship between children with older age (10-12 years), male children, low maternal height (<145
Keyword: risk factors, school-aged children, stunting

Judul: Natural Pearlescent Pigment Dari Kristal Guanin Sisik Ikan Bandeng (Chanos Chanos)
Abstrak: Pearlescent pigment yang dikenal dengan nama pearl essence atau fish silver merupakan pigmen berwarna keperakan yang memiliki kenampakan seperti mutiara. Natural pearlescent pigment diperoleh dari sisik ikan dengan kandungan guanin 75-97%, dan kini mulai banyak digunakan pada industri personal care dan produk kosmetika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan teknologi ekstraksi natural pearlescent pigment dan karakteristik kualitatif kristal guanin pada sisik ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos). Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini meliputi ekstraksi menggunakan air deionisasi dengan sisik yang dibekukan terlebih dahulu, air deionisasi 10 οC, dimetil sulfoksida 15%, dan 25% (v/v). Hasil spektrum absorbansi UV-Vis menunjukkan kristal guanin merupakan pigmen berwarna putih berdasarkan serapan pada panjang gelombang 200-800 nm. Hasil terbaik diperoleh pada ekstraksi menggunakan air deionisasi dengan sisik beku nilai kristalinitas 68,4%, serapan gugus amina pada 3410 cm-1 dan gugus amida pada1681 cm-1, puncak intensitas 2θ pada sudut 27,7° yang menunjukan identitas dari kristal guanin anhidrat. Tingkat kandungan guanin sebesar 0,0455 ± 0,0033 g (0,46%).
Keyword: Dimetil sulfoksida, guanin, kosmetik, kristalinitas, pearlescent pigment