Judul: Pengaruh biomassa tanaman legum dan pemupukan P terhadap pertumbuhan serta produksi tanaman sorghum pada latosol Darmaga
Abstrak: Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kadar P tcrsedia guna meningkatkan produksi tanaman adalah dengan penambahan bahan organik, yaitu dengan pemanfaatan tanaman 1egume cover crop ((LCC). Bahan organik berfungsi sebagai sumber energi bagi mikroorganisme dan merangsang kegiatan biokimia dalam tanah, sehingga dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan P bagi mikroorganisme dan tanaman.
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Judul: Pengaruh pemupukan dan pengapuran terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sorghum (Sorghum vulgare Pres) sebagai pakan ternak
Abstrak: Makanan ternak merupakan salah satu faktor produksi dalam usaha peternakan yang harus tersedia setiap waktu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ternak agar menghasilkan produksi yang optimal. Salah satu tanaman yang sering digunakan sebagai pakan ternak adalah jagung. 2 Kebutuhan jagung terus meningkat setiap tahunnya sehingga menyebabkan kebutuhan lahan meningkat. Di lain pihak, luas lahan marjinal di Indonesia semakin bertambah yang menyebabkan sulitnya memenuhi kebutuhan lahan untuk tanaman jagung sehingga perlu dibudidayakan tanaman pakan alternatif yang memiliki toleransi terhadap kesuburan tanah. Tanaman pakan alternatif yang memiliki toleransi yang luas terhadap kesuburan tanah dan dapat dijadikan sebagai pengganti jagung adalah sorghum. Sorghum merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi tinggi baik sebagai pangan maupun sebagai pakan ternak. Untuk meningkatkan produksi dan kualitas sorghum dapat dilakukan dengan memperbaiki sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologi tanah dengan cara pemupukan dan pengapuran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan pengaruh pemberian pupuk standar, pupuk Phonska, pupuk organik, kombinasi pupuk organik dan 1/2 dosis pupuk Phonska dan pengapuran terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman sorghum.
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Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Kompleks Spesies Himantura uarnak (Batoidea: Dasyatidae) di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Stingrays are one of the cartilaginous fish, apart of sharks and skates, and one of Indonesia's fishery resources. Almost of elasmobranch fishes are economically important fish. The refined products and live specimens of this fish are a lot of traded. Himantura uarnak, H. undulata and H. leoparda are stingray species in Himantura and Dasyatidae family, which are the most popular stingrays in Indonesia waters. The stingrays are major target species were used as a consumable product and trading products. Levels of species diversity of cartilaginous fish in Indonesia are very high, and also Indonesia is listed as one of the countries that use elasmobranch resources the highest in the world. Generally, this study aims to identify each species of H. uarnak species complex through molecular approaches. While specifically, this study aims to estimate the evolutionary process of species divergence and to determine the relationship between species. The methods were used in this study included field sampling, sample collection, and specimen identification, collection of genetic samples, analysis of genetic samples and data analysis . Size polymorphism nuclear DNA markers (intron EPIC) were used. Polymorphism alleles translated into genotypes and alleles frequency of five introns loci. The results of Bayesian analysis and Correspondence Analysis (CA) produced informative diagram of the population structure showed 4 different clusters. Cluster 1 and 4 were H. leoparda, Cluster 2 indicated as H. undulata and the Cluster 3 was H. uarnak. Cluster 1 was a variant of Cluster 4, in this time called as H. leoparda var.1. Separation of four clusters according to nuclear DNA need to be proved by mitochondria DNA maker by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b). Molecular approaches were using mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b produced 4 main groups (Group I, II, III and IV). Both of these molecular approaches showed each individual of groups were in consistent clade and the main group. Hence the H. uarnak species complex in Indonesian waters were divided into 4 main groups, and each was a particular species. The Group I and IV were the two group species that have been released as H. leoparda and Group I was H. leoparda var. 1 identified as cryptic species. Group II was one individual who grouped as H. undulata. Group III was one of other group that identified as H. uarnak and in accordance with the morphological characteristic through spotting pettern. Morphological approach to identified the stingrays of Himantura uarnak species complex clearly less accurate than the molecular approaches. Morphological approach should not be used to identify a species complex in stingrays without helped by other approaches.
Keyword: Himantura uarnak species complex, intron EPIC, cyt b, COI, spotting pattern