Judul: Relationship Between Urban Green Space and Surface Temperature By Using Image LANDSAT TM/ETM+ (Region : DKI Jakarta)
Abstrak: Urban Green Space (RTH) is regions covered by different types of vegetation in order to support direct and indirect benefits for the comfort and well-being. Jakarta has a rapid land cover changes every year, and the increased activity of the city brought an indirect impact on climate in the component elements. RTH reduction affects climate elements, one of which is surface temperature. Surface temperature is strongly influenced by the conditions of closing its land because of the nature of emissivity and thermal conductivity. This study examines the relationship between green space and the surface temperature using remote sensing techniques of LANDSAT satellite in 1992, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, and 2006. The technique used to determine the value of green space that is a supervised classification of various types of closure land use channel 5, 4, 2 (RGB), and to determine the surface temperature is used channel 6 (thermal) by processing the spectral radiance values and the digital number. The area of green space in a row in 1992, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2004, and 2006, was 42.2%, 32.1%, 29.7%, 27.4%, 26.3%, 22.5%, and 19.3%. While the surface temperature values obtained by the RTB 29oC-42oC, 27oC-30oC RTH, and a body of water 17-26oC. Surface temperature is strongly influenced by the conditions of closing its land, so the reduction in green space contributes to an increase in surface temperature.
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Judul: Distribusi Spasial Suhu Permukaan dan Kecukupan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di Kota Semarang
Abstrak: Semarang is one of cities that become center of public activity which is always developing in many aspects such as settlement, , roads, industries and other infrastructures. Unfortunately, The development seems to ignore environmental sustainability, in which large of green open space are converted into other land uses. The conversion will lead micro climate changes resulted in Urban Heat Island and green house effect. Those phenomenon can be observed by utilizing Geographic Information System and remote sensing. The objectives of the research are as follows : (1) land cover type identification and surface thermal of spatial distribution, , (2) the relationship between surface thermal with Green Space capacity, open land and built areas. (3) the relationship between surface thermal with Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), through interpretation and landsat Imaginery 7 ETM. The research area situated at in Semarang City and data used were Landsat Imaginery 7ETM path/row 120/065 acquiring on April 2001 and June 2006. Landsat imagery were analyzed using an Arc View 3.2 and ERDAS Imagine 8.5 software. Surface temperature were estimated using band 6. Those analysis were aimed to identify relationship between surface thermal with Green Space, the open land, built area and NDVI. Semarang city with 38.721.70 Ha are dominated by land cover, such as built area 27.52% on year 2001 and 35,58% in 2006. The biggest land cover changes happened on built area and with advancing is 8.06%. Thermal Surface distribution were found ranges from <20 oC - ≥34 oC. The area which have thermal surface value of ≥34 oC was expanded from 16.80 % in 2001 to 25.68% in 2006. However, green space capacity areal are still covering 30%, inline with proportion based on UU. No.26 on 2007 about areal governance. The relationship between surface thermal with Green Space and other land uses were identified. It showed that surface temperature of open space area is lower than other landuses such as bare land and settlement. Moreover, It analysis result showed that surface temperature will infllence by NDVI, in which the surface temperature will increase by the lowering NDVI and vice versa.
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Judul: Metoda intramedullary pin sebagai salah satu cara menanggulangi fraktur femoralis pada anjing
Abstrak: Metoda intramedullary pin merupakan salah satu metoda penanggulangan fraktur yang populer karena banyak mempunyai keuntungan, diantaranya adalah : cepat dan mudah dikerja- kan, fiksasi yang dihasilkan lebih kuat dibandingkan metoda plate, setelah sembuh tulang menjadi lebih kuat, dan biaya yang digunakan relatif lebih ekonomis. Beberapa macam intramedullary pin yang ada, diantara- Steinmann pin, Rush pin, Kirschner pin, Kuentscher nya : nail, dan Leighton Shuttle pin. Teknik pemasangan intramedullary pin dapat melalui operasi tertutup atau operasi terbuka, tergantung dari ti- pe dan derajat fraktur. Pada operasi tertutup tidak dila- kukan pembukaan terhadap lokasi fraktur. Penyisipan pin dilakukan melalui fragmen fraktur proximal diteruskan ke fragmen distal, sehingga pada metoda ini luka yang timbul hanya pada tempat dimana pin tersebut dimasukkan. Pada operasi terbuka penyisipan pin dilakukan melalui pembukaan lokasi fraktur. Dalam melakukan pembukaan terhadap lokasi fraktur, harus dipilih pendekatan yang paling sesuai dan paling sedikit kemungkinannya untuk menimbulkan komplikasi. Pengambilan pin biasanya dilakukan setelah empat atau lima minggu disisipkan, diharapkan pada waktu itu telah terjadi pembentukan callus yang sudah cukup kuat untuk me- nunjang berdirinya tubuh. Pada beberapa keadaan pin tidak perlu diambil, misalnya pada anjing tua atau pada anjing yang menderita penyakit tulang. Tidak ada reaksi sakit... akibat pin bertahan di dalam tulang.
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