Judul: Perilaku Disolusi Mikrokapsul Ketoprofen Tersalut Gel Kitosan-Alginat Berdasarkan Ragam Konsentrasi Tween 80
Abstrak: Chitosan ability to form gel has been extensively studied and modified; natural hydrocoloid addition is just an example. Chitosan-alginate gel has a promising potential to be applied as a good coating material in drugs delivery system. In this study, chitosanalginate gel coated ketoprofen microcapsules were made using spray drying method. Tween 80 solution concentration used in the process was varied (1, 2, and 3% (v/v)). The resulting microcapsules particle sizes were ranging from 150 nm to 6 μm. The dissolution test results showed that the Tween 80 solution concentrations were affecting ketoprofen releasing rate for the microcapsule. Maximum ketoprofen release rates either in acidic or basic medium were observed at 2% Tween 80 concentration. The maximum released ketoprofen amounts in acidic and basic medium were 35.19 and 287.92 ppm, respectively. The releasing mechanism was determined by evaluating the releasing kinetic models. The ketoprofen releasing kinetic model, both in acidic and basic medium, was following the Hixson-Crowell kinetic model.
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Judul: Perilaku Disolusi Ketoprofen Tersalut Rangkap dalam Gel Kitosan-Gom Guar dengan Alginat.
Abstrak: Modification of chitosan gel by guar gum hydrocoloid with glutaraldehyde cross-link is capable to coat drug as microcapsule. The release rate in gastric medium and intestinal has been studied by dissolution test. Dissolution result of chitosan-gum guar coated ketoprofen previously showed that the microcapsule shaterred at gastric pH so that the drug release was not restrained. Double coating of ketoprofen by chitosan-gum guar with alginate in order to improve ketoprofen release has been done in this research. A number of concentration levels of alginate and CaCl2 solutions were applied for optimation of coat performance. Test dissolution result of ketoprofen showed time effect to ketoprofen release through kinetic models of drugs release. In acid medium, a large part of coating formulas followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model, while all coating formulas followed Korsmeyer-Peppas model in alkaline medium. The mechanism of drugs release in this research is diffusion.
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Judul: Ekologi merak hijau jawa (Pavo muticus muticus) Linnaeus 1758 pada beberapa tipe habitat di Ujung Timur Penyebarannya Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak: Merak hijau jawa merupakan salah satu jenis burung yang dilindungi.di Indonesia berdasarkan SK Mentan No 66/Kpts/Um/2/1973 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 7 tahun 1999. Menurut ICBP (The International Council for Bird Preservation) merak hijau sebagai jenis burung yang tergolong terancam secara keseluruhan (globally threatened) baik populasi maupun habitatnya, sedangkan CITES mencantumkan merak hijau ke dalam Appendix II, merak hijau dari alam tidak bisa langsung diperdagangkan dan BirdLife International (2007) memasukkan golongan burung yang endangered. Tekanan terhadap populasi dan habitat merak hijau jawa sangat besar, sehingga kondisi populasinya menurun pada setiap penyebaran lokalnya, habitatnya terfragmentasi bahkan terisolasi. Tekanan terhadap populasi terutama karena perburuan liar. Namun demikian fakta menunjukan bahwa merak hijau jawa masih ada (exist), hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa burung ini tentunya memiliki strategi ekologi tertentu untuk tetap bertahan hidup di alam pada berbagai tipe habitat.
Keyword: Pavo muticus muticus, Call count transect method, Pavo cristatus, Pavo muticus, Pavo muticus spicifer, Pavo muticus imperator, Pavo muticus muticus, Javan Green Peafowl, East Java