Judul: Potensi Sambiloto dalam Perbaikan Perubahan Histomorfologi Organ Urogenetal pada Tikus Diabetes
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to evaluate the histomorphological aspect of kidney, urinary bladder, testis, and epidydimis of diabetic model rats that were treated with Sambiloto extract. There were 24 male Spraque-Dawley rats, which were divided into 2 groups of models. Diabetic model group was been induced by Streptozotocin (40 mg/ kg BW) intra-peritonially, and a healthy group which received Phosphat Buffer Saline (PBS) pH 7.4 intra-peritonially. The both groups were treated with sambioto daily within 4 weeks and in the following week 3 rats of each group were sacrificed. Respectively in the same way of sacrifice method a sampling was done in every following week. A sample of kidney, urinary bladder, testis, and epidydimis was collected and preserved in 10 % Buffer Neutral Formalin (BNF) and it prepared for histological evaluation. Haematoxiline and Eosin staining was applied to the paraffin block tissue sections for microscopic analysis. Consider the presence of clinical symptoms such as poliuri, glucosuria, and proteinuria in diabetic case, therefore the evaluation focused in histomorfology changes that occur in the urogenital organ based on blood glucose value at the time of sacrifice. Diabetic rat models with both of low and high sugar level at the time of sacrifice was observed as a distinct group. The observation in the kidney, vesica urinary, testis and epididymis of non-diabetic group showed that consumption of sambiloto didn’t affected morphology of kidney, vesica urinary, testis and epididymis. The observations of kidney organs from diabetic rat models with high blood sugar level showed the degeneration, in the glomerulus and tubules can be found the sketch of necrosa and then in tubules also can be found protein sediment. The changes in vesica urinary lead to transitional epithelium degenaration. Observation on the testis organ resulted a decrease in the density of spermatogonia and spermatozoa in tubuli seminiferi. In the epididymis leads to a decrease of spermatozoa density. Evaluation of diabetic model which its blood sugar has decreased after the sambiloto consumption for one month showed a histomorfology improvement in some organs evaluated above until close to non-diabetic group. The result indicated that sambiloto has no harm effect on evaluated tissues of healthy model rats. On the diabetic model rat could be known that sambiloto has therapeutics effect in correlation of hypoglycemic and regenerating cells of evaluated tissues after 4 weeks daily treatment.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Sambiloto, Ginjal

Judul: Perubahan Histomorfologis Testis dan Ginjal Tikus Model Diabetes Pascapencegahan dengan Ekstrak Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata).
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi perubahan gambaran histomorofologis testis dan ginjal tikus model diabetes pascapencegahan dengan ekstrak sambiloto infusum dan sokhletasi. Tikus model terdiri atas empat kelompok. Kelompok pertama adalah tikus kontrol, yaitu tidak diberikan perlakuan apapun. Kelompok kedua adalah tikus model diabetes, yaitu dengan injeksi streptozotosin (STZ) sebagai pemicu tejadinya hiperglikemik. Kelompok ketiga adalah tikus yang diberi pencegahan dengan ekstrak sambiloto infusum dan kelompok keempat adalah tikus yang diberi pencegahan ekstrak sambiloto sokhletasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 14 hari, lalu dilakukan nekropsi dengan mengambil organ testis dan ginjal yang diawetkan untuk pewarnaan Haematoxilin-Eosin. Hasil menunjukan penggunaan ekstrak sambiloto infusum dan sokhlet mengalami penurunan kadar glukosa darah,terutama pada ekstrak sambiloto infusum yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa hingga angka normal. Pencegahan ekstrak sambiloto infusum dan sokhletasi mampu mempertahankan keadaan sel-sel spermatogenik pada testis dan berkurangnya kejadian degenerasi, nekrosa serta endapan protein pada jaringan di korpuskulus renalis. Ekstrak sambiloto infusum lebih berpotensi dalam mencegah kasus diabetes mellitus dibandingkan dengan ekstrak sambiloto sokhletasi.
Keyword: diabetes mellitus, ekstak sambiloto, ginjal, testis

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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