Judul: Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Flake Berbasis Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) dan Ubi Jalar Ungu (Ipomoea batatas L.)
Abstrak: Flake is one of type ready to eat breakfast cereals which is very popular due to its convenience and practicality. Sorghum and purple sweet potato can be used as food ingredient to increase the utilization of local food commodities. The objective of this study was to obtain the best formula of sorghum purple sweet potato flake based on the consumer acceptance and analyze the feasibility of the business. The best formula was selected based on organoleptic test, physical analysis, and antioxidant activity. The variable factors used in this formulation was the form of processed purple sweet potato (mashed and flour) and the ratio between cooked sorghum flour and processed purple sweet potato (70:10,60:20,50:30) with the addition of tapioca at 20%. Physical parameters were texture (hardness), water absorption, and durability crunchy in milk. The antioxidant activity was evaluated based on the scavenging capacity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical. The organoleptic test showed that all formulas combinations were significantly different (α = 0.05) in flavor, texture, color and overall attributes. The best formula was a formula with ratio of cooked sorghum flour and purple sweet potato flour of 50:30. Consumer acceptance of sorghum purple sweet potato flake showed that more than 90% of respondents liked the sorghum purple sweet potato flake and more than 82.5% of respondents wish to consume sorghum purple sweet potato flake. Based on business calculations, production of sorghum purple sweet potato flake is feasible with the BEP of 61% or 91,128 packs per year, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 35%, Net Benefit Cost Ratio of 1.57, and Payback period of 3 years 6 days.
Keyword: 

Judul: Optimasi Formula Flakes Berbasis Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Dan Sagu (Metroxylon Sp.).
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki berbagai jenis komoditas hasil pertanian, di antaranya sorgum dan sagu. Salah satu produk olahan yang dapat dibuat dari sorgum dan sagu adalah flakes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan optimasi formula flakes berdasarkan respon tekstur (hardness, total work), pati tercerna, warna (lightness, hue), serta sifat sensori yang diterima oleh anak-anak. Proses optimasi formula yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Mixture Design D-Optimal dari program Design Expert 7.0®. Tiga faktor formula yang digunakan antara lain sorgum, sagu, dan maltodekstrin. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan formula terpilih dengan komposisi 3.87% sorgum, 29.68% sagu, dan 17.25% maltodekstrin dengan nilai desirability sebesar 0.839. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan formula terpilih memiliki hardness sebesar 1046 g, total work sebesar 2.26 mJ, pati tercerna sebesar 64.84 g/100g, lightness sebesar 49.14, dan hue sebesar 47.98º. Hasil uji subyektif menunjukkan formula terpilih sudah dapat diterima secara sensori pada semua paramater sensori (warna, aroma, tekstur, rasa). Hasil uji kimia flakes menunjukkan bahwa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kadar karbohidrat masing-masing 2.86%, 0.55%, 5.40%, 2.06%, 89.14%.
Keyword: flakes, maltodextrin, optimization, sago, sorghum

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
Keyword: