Judul: The Evaluation onDevelopment and Implementation of Measurable, Reportable and Verifiable (MRV) Climate Change Mitigation In Indonesia
Abstrak: Various efforts to reduce emissions whether mandatory or voluntaryhave been made by developed and developing countries globally in the context of sustainable development as a response to the climate change impacts. Those emission reduction efforts should be accompanied with a scheme to be recognized internationally. This scheme requires that activities which are being undertaken, should be measurable, reportable, and verifiable, or known as MRV. Indonesia as a developing country, was committed to reduce its emissions voluntarily in 2020 by 26% (about 0.767 GtCO2e) and 41% (about 1.210 GtCO2e) in total with international support. The emission reduction plan was stipulated in the National Action Plans on Greenhouse Gases Emissions Reduction (RANGRK). The National Action Plans, which are being built, is expected to obey the MRV scheme in order to be recognized on international scale. This study discusses and elaborates the development and application of MRV schemes in Indonesia from the technical aspects, implementation modeled in one of National Action Plans’s sector, and from the institutional aspect. From the technical aspect, implementations of MRV on National Action Plans are expected to accommodate the essential functions and principles (accurate, efficient, complete, and consistent and comparable way). The MRV in one of National Action Plans’s sector, which is LULUCF and Peatland, requires a comprehensive MRV system regarding to the existence of uncertainties in the measurements of peatland’s emission and carbon stock. From the institutional aspect, the existing MRV schemes should be formed in a single institution that involves all agencies/institutions and have an independent unit to verify the activities which have been carried out in the action plan. In addition,the institution should be able toprovide directions, demands, and technical recommendations.In the future, the MRV systems and institution are expected not only deal with the issue of climate change, but also encompassesa variety of activities aside from the climate change issues.
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Judul: Evaluation of Climate Change Adaptation Related Programs in Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia telah menunjukkan komitmen yang kuat dalam mengatasi perubahan iklim, terutama melalui aksi adaptasi. Komitmen ini tercermin dalam ratifikasi berbagai perjanjian internasional dan pengembangan Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). Namun, pengukuran capaian adaptasi masih menghadapi tantangan karena kurangnya kerangka kerja yang terpadu dan keterbatasan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi capaian aksi adaptasi perubahan iklim yang dilakukan oleh Pemerintah Indonesia, terutama dalam merespons dampak perubahan iklim pada sektor bencana. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis risiko iklim komprehensif dan kerangka kerja Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) untuk menilai manajemen risiko iklim dan implementasi aksi adaptasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa capaian manajemen risiko iklim masih perlu ditingkatkan, terutama dalam hal pendanaan. Program Kampung Iklim (Proklim) memiliki capaian terbaik, namun semua program menghadapi kendala pendanaan. Evaluasi juga menunjukkan keterbatasan data dan indikator untuk mengukur hasil implementasi aksi adaptasi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sinergi antara pemangku kepentingan dan memperkuat mekanisme pendanaan untuk mendukung aksi adaptasi perubahan iklim secara berkelanjutan di Indonesia., Indonesia has strongly committed to addressing climate change, particularly through adaptation actions. This commitment is reflected in the ratification of various international agreements and development the Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). However, measuring adaptation achievements remains challenging due to the lack of an integrated framework and limited resources. This study aims to evaluate climate change adaptation actions taken by the Government of Indonesia, especially in responding to climate change impacts on the disaster sector. This research uses a comprehensive climate risk analysis and Tracking Adaptation and Measuring Development (TAMD) framework to assess climate risk management and adaptation action implementation. The results show that climate risk management achievements still need to be improved, especially in terms of funding. The Climate Village Program (Proklim) has the best achievements, but all programs face funding constraints. The evaluation also showed limited data and indicators to measure the results of adaptation action implementation. The results of this research are expected to improve synergies between stakeholders and strengthen funding mechanisms to support climate change adaptation actions in a sustainable manner in Indonesia.
Keyword: adaptasi, perubahan iklim, Manajemen Risiko Iklim, Resiliensi

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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