Judul: Studi Literatur Proses Pembuatan Batik Tulis dan Pengolahan Limbah Batik dengan Metode Adsorpsi
Abstrak: Batik merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia dan salah satu Karya Agung Warisan Budaya Lisan dan Non-bendawi Manusia oleh UNESCO. Industri batik di Indonesia berperan dalam penyerapan tenaga kerja dan memiliki nilai ekspor tinggi. Akan tetapi dalam memproduksi batik masih menimbulkan dampak negatif berupa limbah. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan mengetahui proses pembuatan batik tulis, alatalat serta bahan-bahan yang digunakan, dampak bahaya limbah batik tulis dan cara untuk mengurangi cemaran limbah batik tulis. Hasil kajian dapat diketahui limbah batik terbagi menjadi dua yaitu limbah cair dari pewarna dan limbah padat dari lilin batik. Penggunaan metode adsorpsi pewarna dengan berbagai macam adsorben merupakan upaya dalam mengurangi dampak bahaya limbah cair pewarna. Adsorben arang aktif tempurung kelapa sawit dan arang aktif serbuk gergaji kayu digunakan untuk adsorpsi limbah pewarna naftol. Kapasitas adsorpsi dari kedua adsorben tersebut berturut-turut sebesar 83,3 mg/g dan 111,1 mg/g. Adsorben ampas singkong dan arang aktif sekam kulit kopi digunakan untuk adsorpsi limbah pewarna remazol. Kapasitas adsorpsi dari kedua adsorben tersebut berturut-turut sebesar 97,88 mg/g dan 76,57 mg/g. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan adsorpsi pewarna naftol dan remazol dapat dilakukan dengan keempat adsorben tersebut., Batik is an Indonesian cultural heritage and one of UNESCO's Masterpieces of the Oral and Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity. The batik industry in Indonesia plays a role in absorbing labor and has a high export value. In producing batik still has a negative impact in the form of waste. This research aims to determine the process of making written batik, the tools and materials used, the harmful effects of written batik waste, and ways to reduce the contamination of written batik waste. The results of the study show that batik waste is divided into two, namely liquid waste from dyes and solid waste from batik wax. The use of the dye adsorption method with various kinds of adsorbents is an effort to reduce the harmful impact of dye liquid waste. Oil palm shell activated charcoal and sawdust activated charcoal were used for adsorption of naphthol dye waste. The adsorption capacity of the two adsorbents was 83.3 mg/g and 111.1 mg/g, respectively. The adsorbent of cassava pulp and activated charcoal of coffee husk was used for adsorption of remazol dye waste. The adsorption capacity of the two adsorbents was 97.88 mg/g and 76.57 mg/g, respectively. The result of the study shows that the adsorption of naphthol and remazol dyes can be done with these four adsorbents.
Keyword: adsorpsi, batik, naftol, remazol

Judul: Analysis of Opportunities for Implementing Clean Production to Minimize Batik Production Waste (Case Study of Batik Tulis Kidang Mas)
Abstrak: Batik tulis sebagai salah satu jenis batik yang diproduksi dengan teknik tradisional menggunakan canting menghasilkan limbah padat dan cair yang signifikan, berpotensi mencemari lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan meminimalkan timbulan limbah di industri batik tulis Kidang Mas, Lasem, Jawa Tengah, melalui penerapan strategi produksi bersih. Metode yang digunakan meliputi observasi dan wawancara dengan pendekatan Quickscan, analisis masalah dan timbulan limbah, pengembangan prototipe alternatif produksi bersih, dan validasi dengan Metode Perbandingan Eksponensial (MPE). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penerapan produksi bersih, termasuk pemanfaatan kain sisa pemotongan, penggunaan pewarna alami, penampungan ceceran air dan pemanfaatannya untuk pewarnaan benag rajut nilon, penerapan good housekeeping dengan penggunaan Alat Pelindung Diri (APD) lengkap, penambahan tinggi kolam, pemanfaatan arang dari pelorodan untuk filtrasi dan daur ulang limbah, mampu mengurangi kebutuhan air dari 985,2 L menjadi 625,2 L, penggunaan pewarna sintetis dari 135 g menjadi 4,5 kg pewarna alami, total limbah cair dari 985,2 L menjadi 607,27 L, dan limbah padat dari 14,29 kg menjadi 0,07 kg. Evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa prioritas utama adalah penggunaan pewarna alami yang lebih ramah lingkungan. Hasil akhir menunjukkan peningkatan efisiensi dan minimisasi limbah secara signifikan setelah penerapan produksi bersih., Hand-drawn batik, produced using traditional techniques with a canting tool, generates significant solid and liquid waste, which has the potential to pollute the environment if not properly managed. This study aims to identify and minimize waste generation in the hand-drawn batik industry of Kidang Mas, Lasem, Central Java, through the implementation of clean production strategies. The methods used include observations and interviews with the Quickscan approach, problem and waste generation analysis, development of clean production alternative prototypes, and validation using the Exponential Comparison Method (MPE). The research results indicate that the application of clean production, including the utilization of fabric scraps, the use of natural dyes, water spillage collection and its use for dyeing nylon yarn, good housekeeping practices with the use of complete Personal Protective Equipment (PPE), increasing the height of ponds, the use of charcoal from wax removal for filtration, and waste recycling, can reduce water consumption from 985.2 L to 625.2 L, synthetic dye usage from 135 g to 4.5 kg of natural dyes, total liquid waste from 985.2 L to 607.27 L, and solid waste from 14.29 kg to 0.07 kg. The evaluation indicates that the primary priority is the use of more environmentally friendly natural dyes. The final results show a significant increase in efficiency and waste minimization after the implementation of clean production strategies.
Keyword: Batik tulis, Produksi bersih, Alternatif solusi, Minimisasi limbah, Industri kecil menengah

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
Keyword: