Judul: Fermentasi Pseudomonas pyocyanea Penghasil Antibiotika
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara yang menempati urutan ketiga eli duma dengan keanekaragaman hayati yang bcrpotensi UDtuk bahan baku __ Kobyun ini meliputi mikroorpnisme cti cIaIam tanab maupun air. Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari poteosi antibak.teri dari Pseutiomona.s pyocyanea yang diisolasi dati tanah. HasiI penelitian memmjulwt bahwa fi:rmcotasi ~ _ ctielcstralc dengan diklorometana aktif terlIadap bakten golongan Gnm-positif (Stoplrylococcus _ dan Baciflu _/Is) dan Gnm-~ (&dIerlchIa coli, ~ amIginosa. _fa typ/rimrIr'-. dan Salmonefa paratyph.). __
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Judul: Analisis karakter pseudomonas sp. sebagai agen pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan biokontrol fungi patogen
Abstrak: Beberapa galur bakteri rhizosfer dari kelompok Pseudomonas sp. telah cukup banyak diteliti belakangan ini. Hal ini terutama disebabkan kemampuan kelompok bakteri tersebut dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Oleh karena itu, dalam penelitian ini diisolasi bakteri Pseudomonas sp. dari rhizosfer tanaman kedelai yang berasal dari Plumbon, Cirebon. Sebanyak 50 isolat Pseudomonas sp. berhasil diisolasi dengan menggunakan media semi selektif King’s B. 48 isolat mampu memproduksi asam indol asetat pada medium King’s B yang ditambah triptofan 0.5 mM. Sebanyak 9 isolat diantaranya secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan panjang akar primer, panjang batang dan/atau jumlah akar lateral dari kecambah kedelai. 33 isolat diketahui dapat memproduksi siderofor secara kualitatif pada medium CAS dan 13 isolat diketahui dapat memproduksi enzim kitinase. Untuk mengetahui aktivitas biokontrol dari isolat Pseudomonas sp., maka dilakukan uji penghambatan pertumbuhan fungi patogen tanaman yakni Sclerotium rolfsii, Rhizoctonia solani dan Fusarium oxysporum. Sebanyak 10 isolat berhasil menghambat F. oxysporum, 9 isolat dapat menghambat S. rolfsii dan 27 isolat menghambat R. solani. Berdasarkan karakter pemacuan pertumbuhan dan biokontrol kemudian terpilih empat isolat potensial yakni Crb-3, 16, 17 dan 44. Selain itu, ke-empat isolat potensial ini memperlihatkan hasil negatif pada uji hipersensitivitas yang mengindikasikan karakter non-patogenik. Berdasarkan analisis gen 16S-rRNA, Crb-3 memiliki homologi terbesar dengan P. monteilii, Crb-16 memiliki homologi terbesar dengan Pseudomonas sp. M41, Crb-17 dan Crb 44 berturut-turut memiliki homologi yang besar dengan P. plecoglossicida dan P. beteli. Deteksi gen yang terlibat dalam biosintesis senyawa antibiosis 2,4- diacetyl phloroglucinol dilakukan dengan teknik PCR dan hanya isolat Crb-16 yang terbukti positif memiliki gen penyandi DAPG dibuktikan dengan kemunculan amplikon sebesar ~745 pb.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm