Judul: Pola Spasio-Temporal dan Deteksi Titik Panas Kejadian Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di DKI Jakarta.
Abstrak: Infeksi virus dengue dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada manusia, dengan nyamuk sebagai vektor perantara penularnya. Di Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta infeksi dengue masih menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan yang utama, terutama manifestasi klinis parah infeksinya yang dikenal sebagai demam berdarah dengue (DBD). Dalam penelitian ini pendekatan spasio-temporal (ruang-waktu) dilakukan untuk menganalisis pola penyebaran penyakit DBD di DKI Jakarta. Data yang digunakan berupa data jumlah penderita DBD pada level kecamatan per minggu, data curah hujan dan data jumlah penduduk Jakarta per tahun sejak tahun 2008 hingga 2017. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa nilai risiko kejadian DBD Jakarta cenderung tinggi pada bulan Maret hingga April. Penyebaran penyakit DBD cenderung membentuk pola gerombol pada tahun 2008 hingga 2011 sedangkan lima tahun berikutnya pola gerombol tidak terbentuk secara signifikan. Tahun 2017 penyebaran penyakit DBD kembali membentuk pola gerombol. Titik panas penyebaran DBD diduga terjadi di wilayah utara, timur dan selatan Jakarta.
Keyword: analisis spasio-temporal, demam berdarah, Jakarta

Judul: Penyebaran Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue Berdasarkan Variabilitas di Kota Padang dan Jakarta
Abstrak: Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih mempakan pennasalahan di bidang kesehatan bagi masyarakat Indonesia, terutama di daerah urban (kota) seperti DKI Jakarta dan Padang. Tercatat pada tahun 2004 terjadi kejadian luar biasa untuk berapa kota besar di Indonesia salah satunya DKI Jakarta dengan jumlah penderita >5000 orang. Penyebaran penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue tergantung pada sebaran nyamuk Aedes aegvpti sebagai vektor pembawa virus Dengue. Nyamuk Aedes aegypti memiliki berapa pola penyebaran tergantung dari berbagai faktor terutama dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan fisik seperti sebaran hari hujan, curah hujan, suhu, kelembaban serta ketersedian air lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mendapatkan gambaran hubungan antara masing-masing unsur iklim dengan angka kejadian OR) DBD di DKI Jakarta dan Kota Padang. (2) Mendapatkan peta sebaran kecamatan rentan penyakit DBD di DKI Jakarta dan Kota Padang.
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Judul: Evaluation of Natural Chitosan as a Silage Additive: A Metabolomic-Metagenomic Approach
Abstrak: Ruminant livestock methane emissions contribute significantly to agriculture's massive environmental burden. Current animal nutrition research has focused on its ability to modify rumen fermentation in order to reduce methane emissions. Chitosan is a linear polysaccharide made up of two repeating units, Dglucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, joined together by β-(1→4)-linkages made up of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) units. On the other hands, silage is a type of fodder preservation technology. Non-optimal ensilage can lower DM content and cause mold to emerge on silage produced. Chitosan added to silage reduced methane generation, improved nutritional and fermentative quality, and reduced yeast and mold on silage product. Pre-research examined the influence of commercial chitosan and crab shells, a source of chitin, on in vitro rumen fermentation properties. RJ4 (treatment with 1% commercial chitosan) reduces gas production, while RJ2-RJ3 (20-30% swimming crabs shell of DM) also reduces gas production and in vitro organic matter digestibility. Despite the fact that crab shells can reduce gas production, they are less effective than commercial chitosan. This implies that the crab shells should be further processed into chitosan to increase their value and efficacy as rumen modifiers. The first stage focuses on how to obtain the best chitosan product from various methods and sources. Crab shells and wooden grasshoppers were used as chitosan source species, while conventional and green chemistry extraction methods were used as chitosan extraction variations. Green chemistry extraction using crab shells as a source of chitosan produces more chitosan with higher yield, DD, and solubility. The Gram-positive bacteria Clostridium acetobutylicum and the Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli were used to evaluate this. At a concentration of 2,000 ppm, the green chemistry extraction method (M2) using crab shell (P1) as the source considerably decreased the growth of Clostridium acetobutylicum (P<0.05). The second stage, chitosan which is gets from the first stage was applied on TMR silage and evaluated this physical, chemical and microbiological quality, in vitro rumen fermentation characteristics and in sacco degradability. The level of chitosan consists of SA (TMR silage with distilled water control, 0% chitosan), SB (TMR silage with 1% acetic acid control, 0% chitosan), SC (TMR silage with 0.5% chitosan in 1% acetic acid), SD (TMR silage with 1% chitosan in 1% acetic acid) and SE (TMR silage with 1.5% chitosan in 1% acetic acid). Chitosan at a dosage of 1–1.5% (SD and SE treatments) improves the nutritional (lowering ether extract, increasing protein content, tends reducing weight loss and maintain the optimal pH for ensilage) and microbiological properties (increase LAB count as well as tend to reduce Clostridium population) of TMR silage without impairing its physical state. The addition of 1-1.5% chitosan (SD and SE treatments) has been shown to decrease total gas production, total protozoa, average methane production, acetateproportion and the acetate/propionate ratio, increasing propionate proportion. The degradation of dry matter was reduced by the inclusion of chitosan (SE treatment) whereas the degradation of organic matter and crude protein was enhanced which is evaluated by in sacco analysis The third stage discusses the metabolome profile in silage and rumen fluid samples, as well as microbiome dynamics in rumen
Keyword: TMR silages, chitosan, rumen modifier, metabolome, metagenome