Judul: Evalusi Pemberian Dosis Koagulan Aluminium Sulfat Cair dan Bubuk Pada Sistem Dosing Koagulan di Instalasi Pengolahan Air Minum PT. Krakatau Tirta Industri
Abstrak: Surface water before being used for particular purposes must be processed first in order to be viable consumed. One of the worth attempts is by building a water treatment such as the installation of Water Treatment Plant that been practiced by PT. Krakatau Tirta Industri, Cilegon. One of the processes is coagulation using aluminium sulfate powder and liquid as the coagulant. This research purpose is to find the optimum dose of aluminium sulfate (liquid) at PT. KTI by comparing the quality and the production cost. The methods including several stages such as preparation phase, data collection, data processing and analysis and presentation of results. The optimum dose for powder using is 60 ppm and for liquid is 100 ppm. The production cost of aluminium sulfate (liquid) using wet alumina is Rp 6.491.838,36 and the cost of goods is Rp 1.131,17/ kg and for dry alumina the production cost is Rp 8.829.278,36 and the cost of goods is Rp 1.538,46/ kg the cost are cheaper than the aluminium sulfate powder cost of goods Rp 1.760/ kg. As resulted from the sensitivity test, the most sensitive variable from the cost of goods is sulfate acid for wet alumina and dry alumina for aluminium sulfate that using dry alumina as the raw material.
Keyword: 

Judul: Evaluation of Coagulation Performance and Optimization of Coagulant Dose in WTP of PT XYZ
Abstrak: Salah satu unit yang berperan penting dalam penjernihan air adalah koagulasi. Penambahan koagulan pada unit koagulasi seringkali tidak sesuai dengan kebutuhan yang menyebabkan air menjadi keruh dan bau pada outlet. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kinerja unit koagulasi serta menentukan koagulan yang efisien dan ekonomis. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pengamatan kondisi lapangan dan penentuan dosis optimum menggunakan Jar test. Koagulan yang digunakan adalah Alumunium Chlorohydrate (ACH), Poly Aluminium Chloride (PAC), dan tawas. Evaluasi kinerja unit koagulasi dilakukan pada nilai gradien kecepatan (G) dan waktu pengadukan (td). Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan diperoleh nilai G sebesar 2448,73/detik dan td sebesar 25,63 detik. Walaupun waktu pengadukan tidak memenuhi SNI 6774:2008, kenyataan di lapangan unit koagulasi masih berjalan dengan baik dan memiliki efisiensi sebesar 93,67%. Pada optimalisasi dosis optimum diperoleh ACH adalah 10 mg/l, PAC 12% adalah 20 mg/l, dan tawas adalah 30 mg/l. Dosis tersebut bekerja cukup stabil untuk memenuhi Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan No. 429 Tahun 2010. Kata kunci: Baku mutu, jar test, kinerja, koagulan, koagulasi
Keyword: Coagulant, coagulation, jar test, performance, standards

Judul: Anatomi Otot Daerah Bahu dan Lengan Atas Beruk (Macaca nemestrina)
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to observed the anatomy of muscles in shoulder and arm region of pigtail macaque, also to described the function of the muscles in relation with the type of terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion. Furthermore, the results were compared with the muscles in shoulder and arm region of longtail macaque and chimpanzee which had different locomotion type. This study used two pigtail macaques which had been preserved in 10% formaline v/v. The observation was conducted on the shoulder and arm region morphology of pigtail macaque. The muscles were dissected by four dissection into the skin. The location of origin and insertion of the muscles were determined by muscle dissection, whereas the muscles name were based by Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2005. Then, the results were documented by photography equipment. The muscles which found in shoulder and arm region were the panniculus carnosus, trapezius, rhomboideus, serratus ventralis cervicis, serratus ventralis thoracis, pectoralis transversus, pectoralis descendens, pectoralis ascendens, deltoideus, coracobrachialis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii, teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles. In general, the muscles which observed in pigtail macaque were more similar with those of longtail macaque than chimpanzee. The pigtail macaque is terresterial semiarboreal species, whereas the longtail macaque is arboreal semiterresterial one. This matter was estimated because the behavior of pigtail macaque were similar with longtail macaque. The differences among pigtail macaque, longtail macaque, and chimpanzee were the celerity of the locomotion movement which estimated because the flexibility of scapula movement and the strength of arm. The flexibility of scapula movement in pigtail macaque was influenced by the trapezius, rhomboideus, serratus ventralis cervicis, and serratus ventralis thoracis muscles. The strength movement of pigtail macaque when climbed the trees were influenced by the pectoralis transversus, pectoralis descendens, pectoralis ascendens, deltoideus, coracobrachialis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles. The strength movement of pigtail macaque when walked on the ground was influenced by the biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi muscles. The shoulder stability of pigtail macaque was influenced by the teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles.
Keyword: