Judul: Heat Resistance Characteristics of Retort Pouch Packaging at Sterilization Temperature
Abstrak: Salah satu proses pengolahan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan daging yaitu sterilisasi dalam kaleng. Penggunaan kemasan kaleng memiliki kelemahan yaitu memerlukan investasi yang besar untuk fasilitas produksi, transportasi, dan penyimpanannya, sehingga perlu dikembangkan produk sterilisasi dalam retort pouch. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan tipe kemasan yang aman dan sesuai untuk produk sterilisasi di CV XYZ. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu mengidentifikasi sifat fisik kemasan retort pouch sebelum dan sesudah sterilisasi, menguji total migrasi, dan menentukan jenis kemasan terbaik. Analisis dilakukan dengan Independent-Samples T Test, ANOVA, dan scoring pada kriteria pengujian. Kemasan jenis aluminium retort memiliki nilai ketebalan dan kuat tarik paling tinggi serta WVTR yang paling rendah. Besar kekuatan pengeliman dan elastisitas paling baik diperoleh pada kemasan nylon retort. Nilai migrasi total pada ketiga jenis kemasan di bawah batas maksimal standar yaitu 10 mg/dm2 dengan migrasi total terendah dicapai kemasan retort pouch jenis ONy/CPP. Penentuan kemasan retort pouch terbaik sebagai rekomendasi untuk industri sebagai pengemas produk olahan daging yaitu kemasan retort pouch jenis aluminium retort., One of the processing to extend the shelf-life of meat is sterilization in cans. The use of can packaging have weaknesses, such as requires a large investment in production facilities, transportation, and storage so it is necessary to develop sterilization product in retort pouches. This study aims to determine the packaging that is safe and suitable for the development of sterilization products in CV XYZ. The stages of the research are identifying the physical properties of the retort pouch packaging before and after sterilization, overall migration and determining the best type of packaging. The analysis was carried out using the Independent-Samples T Test, the ANOVA variance test, and scoring on the test criteria. The aluminum retort type packaging has the highest thickness and tensile strength values and the lowest WVTR value. The best sealing strength and elasticity value were obtained in nylon retort type packaging. The total migration value in three types of packaging has a result below the standard maximum limit of 10 mg/dm2 with the lowest total migration value achieved by ONy/CPP type. Determination of the best retort pouch packaging as a recommendation for the industry is aluminum retort type packaging.
Keyword: ketahanan panas, migrasi total, retort pouch, sterilisasi komersial

Judul: Pre-Treatment dalam Proses Sterilisasi Gulai Domba Menggunakan Kemasan Retort Pouch di CV. XYZ
Abstrak: Proses sterilisasi komersial dalam pengolahan pangan bertujuan untuk membunuh mikroba dan spora dalam kemasan hermetis sehingga dapat memperpanjang umur simpan produk pangan. Salah satu kemasan pangan steril komersial adalah retort pouch. Produk yang dikemas dengan retort pouch memiliki resiko pecah yang tinggi selama sterilisasi, sehingga perlu dilakukan proses perlakuan pendahuluan (pre-treatment). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan perlakuan pendahuluan berupa lama waktu perebusan daging dan suhu kuah yang tepat terhadap daya tahan kemasan dan mutu gulai setelah sterilisasi dalam kemasan retort pouch pada CV. XYZ. Pre-treatment yang diberikan dalam penelitian ini berupa suhu kuah gulai pada saat pemasukan ke dalam kemasan yaitu 60oC, 70oC, dan 80oC serta pre-treatment berupa lama waktu perebusan daging yaitu 5 dan 10 menit. Analisis yang dilakukan adalah pengamatan terhadap daya tahan kemasan, uji tekstur daging menggunakan Texture Analyzer, dan uji sensori menggunakan metode uji rating hedonik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh kombinasi pre-treatment tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya tahan kemasan. Tekstur daging yang lebih empuk didapatkan pada pemberian pre-treatment berupa lama waktu perebusan daging 10 menit. Berdasarkan hasil uji sensori, secara keseluruhan panelis cenderung menyukai seluruh sampel dan rerata skor hedonik yang didapatkan tidak berbeda nyata satu sama lain., The commercial sterilization process in food processing aims to kill microbes and spores in hermetic packaging so as to extend the shelf life of food products. One of the commercial sterile food packaging is retort pouch. Products packaged in retort pouches have a high risk of breaking during sterilization, so it is necessary to carry out a pre-treatment process. The purpose of this study was to determine the pre-treatment in the form of length of time to boil the meat and the appropriate temperature of the sauce on the durability of the packaging and the quality of the curry after sterilization in retort pouch packaging on CV. XYZ. The pre-treatment given in this study was in the form of the temperature of the curry sauce at the time of entry into the package, namely 60oC, 70oC, and 80oC and the pre-treatment in the form of boiling time of meat was 5 and 10 minutes. The analysis carried out was observing the durability of the packaging, testing the texture of the meat using a Texture Analyzer, and sensory testing using the hedonic rating test method. The results showed that all pre-treatment combinations had no effect on the durability of the packaging. The softer texture of the meat was obtained when the pre-treatment was given in the form of a 10-minute boiling time. Based on the results of the sensory test, overall the panelists tend to like the entire sample and the average hedonic scores obtained are not significantly different from each other.
Keyword: retort pouch, lamb curry, pressure cooker, sterilization, pre-treatment

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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