Judul: Mikroenkapsulasi ibupropen dengan penyalut polipaduan poli (asam laktat) dan polikaprolakton
Abstrak: Ibuprofen termasuk golongan obat antiradang nonsteroid yang dapat menimbulkan iritasi lambung setelah pemberian oral dengan dosis berlebih. Berdasarkan masalah tersebut maka diperlukan sistem pelepasan obat secara terkendali. Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan mikroenkapsulasi ibuprofen dengan penyalut polipaduan poli(asam laktat) dan polikaprolakton. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah emulsifikasi, meliputi emulsifikasi obat dalam larutan polimer organik dan medium dispersi. Pencirian mikrokapsul ibuprofen meliputi morfologi, penentuan efisiensi, dan uji disolusi mikrokapsul. Mikrokapsul yang dihasilkan dalam penelitian ini berbentuk bulat dan berwarna putih. Efisiensi tertinggi diperoleh pada mikrokapsul formula B3 dengan komposisi nisbah penyalut dan ibuprofen adalah 83,33 dan 16,67%, nilai efisiensi yang diperoleh 70,25%. Uji pelepasan ibuprofen dilakukan secara in vitro dengan alat uji disolusi tipe 2 pada suhu (37 ± 5) °C dengan kecepatan putar 100 rpm dan volume medium 500 mL. Medium yang digunakan adalah bufer pH 1,2 dan 7,2. Pelepasan ibuprofen dari mikrokapsul ibuprofen formula A3 dan B3 dalam medium pH 1,2 (simulasi asam lambung) pada waktu 2 jam berturut-turut adalah 5,55 dan 3,09%. Pada uji pelepasan mikrokapsul ibuprofen medium bufer fosfat pH 7,2 (simulasi usus) diperoleh pelepasan ibuprofen dari mikrokapsul formula A3 dan B3 setelah 4 jam berturut-turut adalah 19,58 dan 13,30%. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikroenkapsulasi ibuprofen dengan penyalut polipaduan poli(asam laktat) dan polikaprolakton dapat menahan laju pelepasan ibuprofren dalam medium simulasi asam lambung dan usus.
Keyword: Mikrokapsul, Spray drying, Stationer extrusion nozzle, Polyblend

Judul: Optimasi dan Evaluasi Mikrokapsul Ibuprofen Tersalut Polipaduan Poliasamlaktat−Lilin Lebah
Abstrak: Microencapsulation is a technique to encapsulate active ingredients by coating materials so called microcapsules. Microencapsulation of drugs in a polymeric matrix can control the release of drugs. In this experiment, microencapsulation of ibuprofen was done by emulsion-solvent evaporation methods. Coating materials used were polyblend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and beeswax due to its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Gelatin was used as an emulsifier. The microencapsulation was carried out in various polyblend compositions of PLA:beeswax (6:4, 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1) and concentrations of emulsifier (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). The encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen was higher than 80% in microcapsule with ratio of polyblend (PLA:beeswax) 9:1. The concentration of emulsifier is not significantly affected by encapsulation efficiency. Percent release of ibuprofen is directly proportional to the encapsulation efficiency. Kinetics of ibuprofen release followed Korsmeyer- Peppas kinetic model with mechanism of drug release based on super case-II transport. The microcapsule particle size ranged from 30 to 180 μm with homogeneous dispersion of the core within the polymeric matrix.
Keyword: 

Judul: Studies on Body Morphometrics of Terns (Laridae) Through Principal Component Analysis and Minimum Distance D2-Mahalanobis
Abstrak: The diversity of animal body size is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This study used 168 specimens of Terns. Terns is a small tribe of sea birds that spread widely all over the world. Terns specimens used were A. m. worcesteri, A. s. pileatus, C. h. javanica, S. a. sinensis, S. a. anaethetus, S. b. cristatus, S. f. nubilosa and S. s. sumatrana. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship of morphometric dissimilarity of the body size. Also it studied the body size and shape of Terns observed. T2-Hotelling showed that the body size of the terns observed was significant (P<0,01). The result of Principal component analysis showed that body size and shape of the terns observed were significant from each other, although they were in one genus. The wing length is a size discriminator of all Terns observed; while shape discriminator diverses of each species observed. Data cluster of S. b. cristatus grouped on right in cluster chart, however S. a. sinensis grouped on the left in the cluster chart. Data cluster of six other species are grouped in the middle of the cluster chart. The results showed that Terns can be classified into two major groups namely A and B by D2-Mahalanobis. Group A included S. a. anaethetus, S. f. nubilosa, S. b. cristatus, C. h. javanica, S. s. sumatrana, A. m. worcesteri and A. s. pileatus. Group B consisted of only one species of S. a. sinensis.
Keyword: