Judul: Health, Biomechanics, and Root Architecture of Large and Old Dipterocarp Trees in the Urban Landscape of the Bogor Botanic Gardens
Abstrak: Large and old trees play a pivotal ecological role within the ecosystem by offering crucial habitats for fauna and epiphytes, supporting nutrient cycles, and storing substantial amounts of carbon. Furthermore, the presence of these venerable trees in the urban landscape often represents an integral part of the city's historical narrative. Consequently, researchers and governments in various countries accord special attention to the existence and well-being of these trees as part of their conservation endeavors. However, in Indonesia, there needs to be more research on the characteristics of large and ancient trees in urban settings, particularly concerning their health, biomechanics, and root architecture. Information pertaining to the health, biomechanics, and architecture of tree roots is imperative for anticipating the risk of tree failure and formulating effective conservation strategies. In Indonesia, large and old trees, especially of the dipterocarp species, possess significant ecological and historical value in urban landscapes. A comprehensive study was undertaken to evaluate the variability in the health, biomechanics, and root architecture of large and old dipterocarp trees within the urban landscape of the Bogor Botanic Gardens. Forty-five trees, classified as large (diameter at breast height (Dbh), ≥60 cm) and old (≥100 years), were carefully selected from the ex-situ conservation area. These trees, representing five genera (Anisoptera, Dipterocarpus, Hopea, Shorea, and Vatica), served as the focal point for the study. To assess the health variability of the target trees, the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method, developed through a collaborative effort between the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (SEAMEO-BIOTROP), was employed. Additionally, the Visual Tree Health Assessment from the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) was utilized. Subsequent to the health analysis, the biomechanics of the target trees were evaluated using the Euler and Ylinen critical bending height values, along with the safety factor. Concurrently, the root architecture of the trees was examined through the implementation of Object Mapper and Blender software, utilizing ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for detection. The findings revealed a diverse age range among the target trees, spanning from 106 to 156 years. Some of these trees displayed distinctive buttresses, with a mean diameter at breast height (Dbh) of 95.6±50.3 cm, a height (H) averaging 33.9±9.7 m, and a crown diameter (Dc) of 15.9±7.6 m. Notably, tree height exhibited a positive correlation with Dbh and crown diameter. Instances of damage or defects were more prevalent on the lower-upper trunk (35.3%) and within the crown's trunk (29.4%). The primary types of damage identified were a) conk and advanced decay, b) exposed cavity, and c) termite galleries. These damages contributed to a reduction in tree trunk mass density to 84.9±23.5%. Despite these observations, all target trees were classified as experiencing light to healthy damage. Consequently, the risk rating calculation indicated that all target trees held a low failure risk rating (RR). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the damage index value (DIV) and RR, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93. The research findings indicate that trees with bigger sizes and buttresses have greater trunk and crown weight loads (123.74 kN, 20,122.19 kN) compared
Keyword: biomechanics, large and old trees, roots architecture, tree health assessment, urban landscape

Judul: Tipe Kerusakan Pohon Hutan Kota (Studi Kasus : Hutan Kota Bentuk Jalur Hijau, Kota Bogor - Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Nowadays the quality of environment in urban area is getting decrease. One of ways that initiated concerning urban environmental quality management is setting urban forest in appropriate type and form based on main environmental problem issues in certain urban area. Greenbelt is one of urban forest form that most developed today. The greenbelt of roadside has many functions such as providing shade, trapping and absorbing the pollutants, reducing the noise and esthetical function. Trees are the main component to set the greenbelt. As trees are the most important component of greenbelt, health monitoring and maintaining of trees are needed in urban forest management. One of the methods used for monitoring the trees’ health is by inventing the trees’ damages. It is important since trees’ damage is potential in causing accidents and material loss. The aims of this study are to identify level of trees’ damages at roadside, identify types of trees’ damages and identify tress’ damage that potential causing accident. The result from this study hopefully can be useful to providing about the trees’ damage along greenbelt of dr. Semeru roadside and a recommendation to prevent and reduction the trees damage in greenbelt of dr. Semeru street of Bogor city. This study was conducted during 3 months (September-November 2009) along dr. Semeru street. Trees’ damages inventory was using Forest Health Monitoring method by observing three indications of tress’ damages, those were location of the damages, type of damages and level of seriousness condition of the trees. The trees’ damage along greenbelt of dr. Semeru roadside achived 91.38% that equal to 371 trees out of 406 total of trees there. Trees damage level was included as low level since the Damage Index Value (DIV) showed 6.12 (the highest scale is 21). There were 709 tress’ damage types. The biggest to smallest types of trees’ damages consisted of cancer (169 cases = 23.84%), broken or dead branch (116 cases = 16.36%), conks, fruiting bodies, and other indicators of advanced decay (109 cases = 15.37%), open wound (74 cases = 10.44%), brooms on roots or bole (68 cases = 9.59%), excessive brancing or brooms (53 cases = 7.48%), damaged foliage or shoots (29 cases = 40.09%), lost of apical dominance, dead terminal (27 cases = 3.81%), resinosis or gummosis (25 cases = 3.53%), broken bole or roots lees than 0.91 m (23 cases = 3.24%), broken or dead roots beyond 0.91 m (16 cases = 2.26%). There were 22 decay and holed dangerous tress. Cavity treatments can be done to maintain those trees but if the decays and holes were not forgiven, the best treatment is trees cutting.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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