Judul: The Effect of Mannanase and Cellulase Combination in Palm Kernel Meal Base Diet on the Growth of Common Carp Cyprinus carpio Juvenile
Abstrak: This experiment was conducted to study the effect of combination of mannanase and cellulase enzymes at a dose of 0,1% in the feed which made of Palm Kernel Meal (PKM) as an alternative raw material for the feed of common carp Cyprinus carpio. This study was divided into two experimentals : digestibility and growth. PKM were subjected to indirect digestibility experiments and chromium oxide (Cr2O3) at level 0,5% was used as tracer. The faeces were daily collected 30 – 60 minutes after feeding for 14 days. Dry matter and protein were used as digestibility parameters. Five experimental diets containing isoprotein (30,00%) and isoenergy (400,00 kcal GE/Kg) were used for treatments of growth performance of common carp juvenile. The treatment of experiments were A, contain 0,1% mannanase; B, 0,1% mannanase : cellulase, 0,075 : 0,025; C, 0,1% mannanase : cellulase, 0,050 : 0,050; D, 0,1% mannanase : cellulose 0,025 : 0,075; and E without enzyme addition. Completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 replicates was used in this experiment. Common carp with an average weight of 5.77 ± 0.45 g kept in aquariums of 50x30x40 cm3 with density were ten fish each aquarium and fed tested diet at satiation for 50 days of culture period. Parameters evaluated were feed consumption, relative growth, survival rate and feed convertion. The results showed that fish fed diet A, B, C and D had higher protein digestibility compare to fish fed diet E. However, fish fed diet E had no difference growth response compare to the rest. It is concluded that PKM can be used directly to common carp juvenile feed without supplementation of mannanase and cellulase enzymes.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan wheat bran dalam pakan ikan mas Cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of wheat bran as a partial replacement of soybean meal and corn meal in the diet of common carp Cyprinus carpio. In these experiments, four experimental diets contained 0%, 10%, 20%, or 30% wheat bran were used. In experiment I, a triplicate experiment was conducted using fish with an initial body weight of 23 ± 0,13 g. Fish were cultured in floating net cage with size of 2 x 2 x1 m3 at Cirata lake, with a density of 250 fish/cage. Fish fed on the diet at satiation for 60 days. In experiment II, the diets were subjected to indirect digestibility test by using 0,05% Cr2O3 as a tracer. Two groups of fish with an initial body weight of 6 ± 0,12 g and 50 ± 0,18 g were held in aquaria 60 x 40 x 40 cm3 at density of 20 fish/aquaria. Feces were collected daily, 60 minutes after feeding, feces collection were done for 15 days. The results showed that utilization of wheat bran from 0 to 30% in the diet was not significantly affected the growth performance of fish, including protein retention, feed efficiency and daily growth rate. Those growth performance were in the range of 20,16 – 20,69%, 35,79 – 38,63%, and 93,44 – 98,03% respectively. Regardless of fish size, it was also found that protein digestibility of the diet was decreased when wheat bran was used in the diet at level of 20% or more. Based on the calculation of the price of diet to produce 1 kg of fish, it was found that the diet contain 20% of wheat bran had the most lowest production cost. It can be concluded that wheat bran can be used as a partial replacement of soy bean meal and fully replacement of corn meal for common carp up to 30%.
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Judul: Teknik penentuan posisi bintang berdasarkan pelat foto overlapping
Abstrak: Bintang adalah salah satu objek langit yang menarik untuk diamati. Untuk itu, pengetahuan tentang posisi bintang sangat diperlukan. Posisi bintang di langit dapat dihitung melalui foto bintang. Fotografi astronomi atau astrometri merupakan ilmu yang mempelajari metode untuk menentukan posisi bendabenda langit seperti bintang berdasarkan pelat foto (Kamp, 1967). Sebuah pelat foto berisi citra bintang-bintang yang sudah diketahui posisinya berdasarkan katalog dan citra bintang-bintang yang belum diketahui posisinya. Posisi bintang yang ada di katalog dinyatakan dengan (a,3). Bintang yang belum diketahui posisinya lebih banyak jumlahnya daripada bintang yang sudah diketahui posisinya. Citra bintang pada pelat foto berupa sebuah titik dalam bentuk tetap. Posisinya pada pelat merupakan hasil pengukuran pada bidang kartesius dan dinyatakan dengan (1;,fl). Hasil pengukuran tersebut kemudian direduksi menjadi koordinat terukur (x,y). Hubungan antara (a,3) dan (x,y) didekati dengan sebuah deret dengan konstanta-konsranta deret merupakan konstanta pelat. Nilai konstanta pelat diperoleh dengan menggabungkan hasil pengukuran posisi bintang pada masing-masing pelat menjadi sebuah persamaan normal (Jefferys, 1963). Hasil akhir dari gugus persamaan normal tersebut dijabarkan dalam bentuk nOlasi matriks partisi dan berupa sebuah sistem persamaan linier Ax = b di mana A adalah matriks jarang, dan x merupakan konstanta pelar yang akan dicari nilainya. Untuk menyelesaikan sistem persamaan linier terse but digunakan metode transformasi given. Konstanta pelat yang sudah diperoleh dengan menyelesaikan sistem persamaan linier di atas, kemudian disubtitusi ke sebuah persamaan untuk memperoleh posisi bintang yang tidak tercantum dalam katalog. .
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