Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition

Judul: Pertumbuhan dan Lingkar Dada Persilangan Interse Ayam Arabmerawang dan Merawangarab Umur 1 Sampai 12 Minggu.
Abstrak: Ayam merawang dan ayam arab merupakan ayam lokal Indonesia. Ayam arab (A) memiliki kelebihan produksi telur yang tinggi. Ayam merawang (M) memiliki kelebihan tipe dwiguna. Persilangan terhadap kedua ayam tersebut bertujuan untuk menghasilkan keturunan yang memiliki kualitas genetik lebih baik dari tetuanya. Interse ayam Arabmerawang (AM) dan ayam Merawangarab (MA) diamati pertumbuhannya dan ukuran tubuhnya. Total DOC ayam arab 59 ekor, merawang 19 ekor, MA 15 ekor dan ayam AM 17 ekor. Peubah yang diamati yaitu bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, mortalitas, dan lingkar dada. Bobot badan DOC ayam MA dan AM tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05). Bobot badan pada umur 12 minggu ayam betina A sebesar 736.80±106.60 g, M sebesar 766.10±91.30 g, AM sebesar 756.00±144.10, dan MA sebesar 841.50±120.50 g. Bobot badan pada umur 12 minggu ayam jantan A sebesar 899.20±168.90 g, M sebesar 958.60±83.40 g, AM sebesar 982.90±193.30 g, dan MA sebesar 1 032.80±214.80 g. Konsumsi pakan kedua ayam tersebut secara keseluruhan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05). Rata-rata konversi pakan ayam AM dan MA tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05). Mortalitas pada fase akhir ayam AM sebesar 17.65% dan ayam MA sebesar 14.29%. Lingkar dada pada umur 12 minggu ayam AM dan MA tidak berbeda nyata. Lingkar dada pada ayam betina A sebesar 23.39±2.64, M sebesar 24.05±1.56, AM sebesar 24.13±1.32, dan MA sebesar 25.70±0.67. Lingkar dada pada ayam jantan A sebesar 25.30±1.91, M sebesar 25.64±1.60, AM sebesar 26.73±2.11, dan MA sebesar 27.40±2.95. Ayam MA lebih efisien dibandingkan ayam AM. Lingkar dada ayam MA lebih besar dibandingkan ayam AM.
Keyword: yam arab merawang, ayam merawang arab, persilangan, pertumbuhan, lingkar dada