Judul: Aktivitas antibakteri Spirulina platensis terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat dan karakteristik masker berbasis Spirulina dan kolagen.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan Spirulina yang dikultur dalam media media organik (pupuk Urea, Plant Catalyst dan RI1) dan kolagen dari kulit ikan kakap merah. Tujuan penelitian menentukan karakteristik Spirulina, karakteristik kolagen serta karakteristik fisik, kimiawi dan mikrobiologis sediaan masker. Tahapan penelitian meliputi kultivasi dan pemanenan S. platensis, ekstraksi biomasa menggunakan etanol, ekstraksi kolagen menggunakan pelarut NaOH dan asam asetat serta formulasi masker. Analisis meliputi fitokimia, rendemen, aktivitas antibakteri, analisis sensori, homogenitas, viskositas, daya sebar dan total mikroba. Ekstrak S.platensis mampu menghambat bakteri penyebab jerawat Staphylococcus aureus, Stapylococcus epidermidis serta Propionibacterium acne dengan diameter zona hambat terbesar pada ekstrak 100 μg/sumur. Kolagen ikan kakap berwarna putih, dengan rendemen sebesar 6.4±0.28%, dan pH 6.46±0.15. Sediaan masker yang dihasilkan memiliki nilai sensori berkisar 3.57- 4.23 dalam kategori suka, homogen, daya sebar 6.6±0.28, viskositas 2500±70.71, pH 6.29±0.06, dan total mikroba <1x10 cfu/g. Sediaan masker mampu menghambat bakteri penyebab jerawat S. aureus, S. epidermidis serta P. acne.
Keyword: antibakteri, kolagen, masker, Spirulina platensis

Judul: Characteristics of peel off mask made from Spirulina and collagen during storage in different packages
Abstrak: Masker berbahan Spirulina dan kolagen ikan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri penyebab jerawat. Lingkungan dapat memengaruhi karakteristik masker, sehingga diperlukan pengemasan. Tujuan penelitian ini menentukan pengaruh perbedaan kemasan terhadap karakteristik fisik, kimia, dan mikrobiologis masker selama penyimpanan. Masker dalam penelitian ini disimpan dalam kemasan round jar, alumunium foil sachet, dan tube pada suhu ruang selama 28 hari dengan analisis data menggunakan analisis ragam Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial (RALF). Masker dalam ketiga kemasan selama penyimpanan 28 hari memiliki nilai sensori yang tidak mengalami perubahan, yaitu berwarna hijau pekat, tidak berbau, konsistensi kental, dan homogen. Faktor jenis kemasan dan lama penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata (p<0.05) terhadap nilai pH masker, waktu mengering masker, viskositas, kadar air, dan kelembaban kulit, dengan nilai yang masih sesuai dengan persyaratan mutu masker yang baik. Masker dalam kemasan terpilih alumunium foil sachet selama penyimpanan 28 hari memiliki nilai total mikroba yang masih sesuai dengan persyaratan masker yang baik yaitu sebesar <1.0x102 CFU/g., Masks made from Spirulina and fish collagen have antibacterial activity against acne-causing bacteria. The environment can affect the characteristics of masks, therefore the packaging is necessary. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of different packaging on the physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of mask during storage. The masks in this research were stored in round jar, alumunium foil sachet and tube at room temperature for 28 days. A completely randomized factorial design was used in this study. The sensory values of the three masks did not change after 28 days such as in its color, odor, and consistency. The physical characteristics were dark green color, odorless, thick consistency, and homogenous. The type of packaging and storage time had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the pH values of the mask, mask drying time, viscosity, moisture content, and skin moisture, with values that were still in accordance with the requirements for good quality masks. The masks in the selected aluminum foil sachets for 28 days of storage have a total microbial value that is still in accordance with the requirements of a good mask, namely <1.0x102 CFU/g.
Keyword: packaging, collagen, mask, Spirulina

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: