Judul: Identifikasi Fraksi Aktif Asam Gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) sebagai Antiobesitas secara in Vitro terhadap Aktivitas Lipase Pankreas.
Abstrak: Ekstrak Buah asam gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) dapat bermanfaat sebagai antiobesitas secara in vitro terhadap aktivitas lipase pankreas. Lipase pankreas berperan menguraikan lipid menjadi asam lemak sehingga apabila inhibitor menghambat aktivitas lipase pankreas menyebabkan penyerapan monogliserida dalam tubuh menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi fraksi yang aktif sebagai inhibitor lipase pankreas. Buah diekstraksi dengan air deionisasi menggunakan metode perkolasi memiliki daya inhibisi 44.16% pada 500 μg/mL. Xenical sebagai kontrol positif memiliki daya inhibisi 43.65% pada 25 μg/mL. Hasil terbaik pemisahan secara partisi diperoleh dengan pelarut BuOH dengan daya inhibisi 56.42% pada 100 μg/mL, sedangkan daya inhibisi xenical 50.35% pada 50 μg/mL. Fraksi terbaik dari fraksionasi BuOH dengan eluen CH2Cl2:MeOH memiliki nilai IC50 <10 μg/mL atau lebih baik dari xenical. Oleh karena itu, fraksi E dari pelarut BuOH ekstrak asam gelugur berpotensi sebagai inhibitor lipase pankreas.
Keyword: asam gelugur, BuOH, daya inhibisi, lipase pankreas

Judul: Antioxidant Capacity and Inhibition of Pancreatic Lipase  from Fractionated Asam Gelugur (Garcinia atroviridis) In vitro
Abstrak: Obesitas adalah penyakit dengan penimbunan lemak dalam jangka panjang yang mengakibatkan timbulnya penyakit degeneratif. Asam gelugur dapat bermanfaat sebagai antioksidan dan inhibitor lipase pankreas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kapasitas antioksidan, kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total, serta inhibisi lipase pankreas ekstrak kasar dan hasil fraksinasi asam gelugur. Ekstraksi dengan metode sonikasi pelarut etanol 70% kemudian difraksinasi bertingkat dengan pelarut n-heksan, etil asetat, kloroform, dan akuades. Kadar fenolik total asam gelugur tertinggi dimiliki fraksi akuades 535,80 mg GAE/g ekstrak. Kadar flavonoid total tertinggi pada fraksi kloroform 751,04 mg QE/g ekstrak. Kapasitas antioksidan tertinggi pada metode FRAP ekstrak kasar dan pada DPPH fraksi akuades dengan nilai berurut yaitu 339,82 mg TE/ g ekstrak dan 936,52 mg TE/ g ekstrak. Inhibisi lipase pankreas pada konsentrasi 1000 mg/mL tertinggi dimiliki fraksi n-heksan sebesar 91,33% dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan orlistat 88,46%. Korelasi positif diperoleh antara kapasitas antioksidan metode DPPH dengan senyawa fenolik maupun flavonoid. Inhibisi lipase pankreas dengan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid total serta kapasitas antioksidan tidak berkorelasi., Obesity is caused by long-term fatty accumulation leads to degenerative diseases. Asam gelugur can be useful as an antioxidant and pancreatic lipase inhibitor. This study aimed to measure total phenolic and flavonoid content, the antioxidant capacity, and pancreatic lipase inhibitor of crude extract and fractionated. Sonication method is used with ethanol 70% solvent and then multistage fractionation with n-hexane, ethyl acetate, chloroform, and aquades. The highest total phenolic content was observed in aquades fraction 535,80 mg GAE/g extract. The highest total flavonoid content was in the chloroform fraction 751,04 mg QE/g extract. The highest antioxidant capacity was obtained in FRAP method of crude extract and in DPPH of aquades method by aquades fraction with values of 339,82 mg TE/g extract and 936,52 mg TE/g extract. Inhibition of pancreatic lipase at 1000 mg/mL was highest in the n-hexane fraction at 91.33%. A positive correlation was found between the antioxidant capacity of DPPH method and phenolic and flavonoid contents. Pancreatic lipase inhibition with total phenolic and flavonoid and antioxidant capacity were not significantly correlated.
Keyword: fractionation, Antioxidant, pancreatic lipase inhibitor., Garcinia antroviridis

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: