Judul: Potensi Pelepah Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza) sebagai Antikanker dan Antioksidan
Abstrak: The study aimed to evaluate the potency of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) stem as anticancer by brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) and antioxidant by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assays. The stem of temulawak midrib obtained from Bogor, was extracted by n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water, and the volatile oil was obtained by water distillation. The chloroform extract and volatile oil showed anticancer potency towards Artemia salina (LC50: 370.69 ± 22.69 μg mL-1 ; 123.05 ± 3.49 μg mL-1, respectively). Ethyl acetate and chloroform extracts had antioxidant activities (IC50: 46.41 ± 15.49 μg mL-1 and 52.72 ± 3.46 μg mL-1) but the activity did not as strong as ascorbic acid (control positive, IC50 1.80 ± 0.33 μg mL-1). The chloroform extract was further fractionated by column chromatography with Silica Gel G60F254-Merck as stationary phase and gradient of n-hexane, chloroform, and methanol as mobile phase. Antioxidant and anticancer potency of fraction which had antioxidant activity qualitatively were tested. The most antioxidant active fraction (F9) had anticancer potency (LC50: 522.95 ± 43.35 μg mL-1) and antioxidant activity (IC50: 79.57 ± 8.96 μg mL-1). In conclusion, F9 is potencial as an anticancer and antioxidant.
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Judul: Antioxidant Activity and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Inhibition by Curcuminoids from the Ethanol Fraction of Temulawak
Abstrak: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrrhiza Roxb.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki senyawa kurkuminoid yang dapat berperan dalam menginhibisi aktivitas dari matriks metalloproteinase-1. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan penghambatan enzim MMP-1 dari fraksi etanol kurkuminoid temulawak. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah maserasi, fraksinasi etanol, KCKT, uji inhibisi MMP-1, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode CUPRAC dan ABTS. Hasil menunjukkan kadar air dari fraksi etanol temulawak sebesar 9,21 dan rendemen sebesar 5,89%. Kadar total kurkuminoid didapatkan sebanyak 183,47 mg/g. Hasil uji inhibisi MMP-1 didapatkan nilai IC50 33,42 µg/mL dan uji antioksidan menggunakan metode CUPRAC didapat aktivitas antioksidan 870,52±4,87 µmol AAE/g fraksi dan metode ABTS sebesar 647,15±32,02 µmol AAE/g fraksi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa temulawak dapat menginhibisi MMP-1 dengan baik dan merupakan antioksidan yang baik., Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a plant that contains curcuminoid compounds capable of inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and MMP-1 enzyme inhibition of the ethanol fraction of temulawak curcuminoids. The methods used in the research include maceration, ethanol fractionation, HPLC, MMP-1 inhibition assay, and antioxidant activity assay using the CUPRAC and ABTS methods. The results showed that the moisture content of the ethanol fraction of temulawak was 9.21% and the yield was 5.89%. The total curcuminoid content obtained from HPLC was 183.47 mg/g. The MMP-1 inhibition assay results showed an IC50 value of 33.42 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity assay using the CUPRAC method showed an antioxidant activity of 870.52±4.87 µmol AAE/g fraction, and the ABTS method showed an activity of 647.15±32.02 µmol AAE/g fraction. These results indicate that temulawak can effectively inhibit MMP1 and is a good antioxidant.
Keyword: Curcuma xanthorriza, Antioxidant, matrix metalloproteinase-1, inhibition

Judul: Sectoral Effects Of Monetary Policy
Abstrak: The purposes of this study are three folds: (1) identifying which channels are effective for transmission of monetary policy; (2) assessing whether the transmission mechanisms at industry level are consistent with that at aggregate level; and (3) explaining why and how a channel becomes effective. The analyses are facilitated impulse response function (IRF) derived from a vector autoregression (VAR) model. Three channels are identified in this study: interest rate, real credits and exchange rate channels. The IRF results show that exchange rate is the only effective channel in affecting aggregate output and at least in five industries (the manufacturing industry; the construction industry; the trade, hotel, and restaurants industry; the transport and communication industry; and the finance, real estate, and business services industry). Meanwhile, the other two channels are not effective at aggregate and all industry. This finding suggests that there is some form of consistency between aggregate effects and industry effects. Moreover, the effect of real depreciation tend to be contractionary and thus supporting the idea of Krugman and Taylor (1976) among others. Output contraction seems to be associated with inflationary effect of the depreciation. This is a truly Keynesian type demand side story: following a real currency depreciation, purchasing power tends to weaken which then soaks the aggregate demand.
Keyword: transmission of monetary policy, industry level, IRF