Judul: EVALUATION OF HIGH PROTEIN FEEDING IN IMPROVING MAGGOT PRODUCTIVITY
Abstrak: Maggot dapat dijadikan pakan alternatif sebagai pakan sumber protein hewani karena maggot memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang baik terutama pada kadar protein yang tinggi dan mudah ditemukan serta dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan media tumbuh maggot dari bahan organik dengan formula pakan tinggi protein. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah P0 (pakan kontrol limbah buah dan limbah rumah tangga) dan P1 (pakan konsentrat protein tinggi). Pakan kontrol dan perlakuan protein tinggi diberikan sebanyak 13 kg selama pemeliharaan. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi (gram), reduksi substrat (%), total biomassa akhir (g), jumlah maggot, bobot maggot (gram), indeks pengurangan limbah (%), FCR dan biokonversi (%). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji T sampel berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larva BSF yang diberi perlakuan protein tinggi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan pakan kontrol untuk parameter FCR namun untuk larva yang diberi perlakuan protein tinggi nyata lebih rendah untuk parameter konsumsi pakan, reduksi substrat, total biomassa akhir, jumlah maggot, bobot maggot, WRI, dan biokonversi larva. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini pemberian pakan maggot menggunakan media tumbuh organik dan ransum buatan protein tinggi menghasilkan performa, biokonversi, nilai pengurangan limbah yang sama. Perlakuan bahan organik dan ransum protein tinggi menghasilkan FCR yang berbeda., Maggot can be used as an alternative feed as a source of animal protein because maggot has good nutritional content, especially at high protein levels and is easy to find and develop. This study aims to compare maggot growing media from organic materials with high protein feed formulas. This study used a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments used were P0 (fruit waste control feed and household waste) and P1 (high protein concentrate feed). The control feed and high protein treatment were given as much as 13 kg during maintenance. Parameters measured were consumption (grams), substrate reduction (%), final total biomass (g), maggot number, maggot weight (grams), waste reduction index (%), FCR and bioconversion (%). Data were analyzed using paired sample T test. The results showed that BSF larvae treated with high protein had a significant effect (P<0.05) compared to the control feed for FCR parameters, but the larvae treated with high protein were significantly lower for the parameters of feed consumption, substrate reduction, total final biomass, maggot number, maggot weight, WRI, and larval bioconversion. The conclusion of this study is that maggot feeding using organic growing media and high protein artificial rations produces the same performance, bioconversion, waste reduction value. The treatment of organic matter and high protein rations resulted in different FCR.
Keyword: Biokonversi, limbah, maggot, pakan alternatif, produktifitas

Judul: Performance and Nutrient Content of Maggots Fed with  Different Ratio of Protein and Carbohydrate
Abstrak: Sumber protein hewani alternatif diperlukan yang memiliki kandungan nutrisi hampir sama dengan sumber protein saat ini, tidak bersaing dengan makanan manusia, dapat tumbuh dengan cepat, dan memiliki potensi untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu alternatif tersebut adalah maggot atau larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF). Namun, saat ini tidak ada persyaratan standar untuk kebutuhan maggot tersebut. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performa dan kandungan nutrisi tepung maggot dengan memberikan pakan rasio protein-karbohidrat tinggi, sedang, dan rendah. Sebanyak 108 gram maggot umur enam hari dibagi menjadi 18 kelompok dan diberikan salah satu dari tiga perlakuan pakan selama sembilan hari yaitu: P1 = pakan dengan rasio protein-karbohidrat tinggi (23:67), P2 = pakan dengan rasio protein-karbohidrat sedang (18:68), dan P3 = pakan dengan rasio protein-karbohidrat rendah (11:78). Pakan diberikan sekali sehari, 2,25 kg per pemberian selama periode pemeliharaan. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi, berat badan akhir, rasio konversi pakan (FCR), dan hubungan antara kandungan nutrisi pakan dan maggot. Data dari desain acak lengkap dianalisis untuk varian dan jika terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan, kemudian diuji menggunakan uji Duncan, serta analisis korelasi dan regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi kandungan protein kasar (PK) pada pakan, semakin tinggi pula kandungan protein tepung maggot, dan sebaliknya, semakin rendah kandungan lemak. Namun, kandungan nutrisi lainnya tidak memiliki efek yang signifikan. Konsumsi, berat akhir, dan FCR maggot yang diberi pakan P1 dan P2 signifikan lebih tinggi dibandingkan yang diberi pakan P3. Terdapat korelasi yang kuat antara kandungan protein kasar (PK) pada pakan dan PK pada tepung maggot, dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,934. Korelasi juga ditemukan antara PK pada pakan dan FCR dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,896, serta antara kandungan lemak kasar pada pakan dan lemak kasar pada tepung maggot, dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,774. Pemberian pakan dengan kandungan PK sebesar 33,88% menghasilkan maggot dengan kandungan PK tertinggi sebesar 54,79%. Sementara itu, pemberian pakan dengan kandungan PK sebesar 21,16% menghasilkan FCR terbaik sebesar 3,04. Kandungan lemak kasar tertinggi pada maggot dihasilkan oleh pakan yang mengandung lemak kasar sebesar 5,58%. Hasil analisis asam amino esensial menunjukkan bahwa hanya lisina, methionina, fenilalanina, dan leusina menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan (P<0,05) antar perlakuan. Skor kimia dan IAAE MBM lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan maggot yang dihasilkan dari perlakuan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah rasio protein terhadap karbohidrat yang tinggi dapat menghasilkan kandungan protein kasar tertinggi dan performa terbaik dalam hal kandungan protein kasar dan nilai FCR. Kebutuhan nutrisi optimal pada maggot usia 15 hari dapat dicapai dengan pemberian pakan kandungan PK sebesar 21,16%, yang menghasilkan performa terbaik dengan FCR sebesar 3,04., Alternative animal protein sources are needed that have similar nutritional content to current sources, do not compete with human food, can grow quickly, and have potential for development. One such alternative is the Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larva or maggot. However, there are currently no standard requirements for the needs of these maggots. This study aims to evaluate the performance and nutritional content of maggot flour by providing high, medium, and low protein-carbohydrate ratio feeds. A total of 108 gr six-day-old maggots were divided into 18 groups and given one of three feed treatments for nine days: P1 =
Keyword: Black Soldier Fly, maggot, protein-carbohydrate ratio, performance, and essential amino acids

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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