Judul: Analysis of quality cost ratio and quality lost ratio at PT. Nestle Indonesia - Panjang Factory
Abstrak: Nestlé as one of the largest food companies in the world has implemented various systems to ensure the quality of the product. Zero waste is one of Nestlé's commitments to give the best for hair workers, environments, and consumers. There are several steps that must be done in order to achieve zero waste condition. The earliest stage is by analyzing the situation of cost related to Quality at each factory. This will allow management to determine which sectors should get more attention in order to make the priority action more effective. This study is divided into four stages. The first stage is the data collection about cost Component used for ratio calculation of cost related to quality. The collected data are converted into ratio. The purpose of making ratio is these that data are in the same unit so it will be easier to Be compared. After that, these ratios are analyzed with Pareto diagram to determine components which become priority concern. Then the cost components considered as priority concern will be analyzed later to find the priority action that should be done to reduce the cost related to quality. Based on analysis performed, there are a lot of cost components that contribute to the cost lated to quality. These are divided into two categories, namely quality cost and quality lost. After the data is converted into the ratio and analyzed with Pareto diagram, the cost components that have make the biggest contribution to the quality cost are monitoring analysis for finished product, raw material, environment, and investigation. For the quality lost category, cost components that have the biggest contribution are delayed released finished product, raw material, and packaging material. Efficiency in quality cost does not always mean that all component of cost that related to Quality must be reduced. Sometimes the amount of certain component should be maintained or even added to reduce or prevent the other component. Based on the existing conditions and its data, priority actions will be more effective if focused on the delayed release of finished product….
Keyword: Quality cost, Quality lost, Nestle

Judul: Analysis of Quality Cost Ratio and Quality Lost Ratio at PT. Nestlé Indonesia-Panjang Factory.
Abstrak: Nestlé as one of the largest food companies in the world has implemented various systems to ensure the quality of the product. Zero waste is one of Nestlé’s commitments to give the best for their workers, environments, and consumers. There are several steps that must be done in order to achieve zero waste condition. The earliest stage is by analyzing the situation of cost related to quality at each factory. This will allow management to determine which sectors should get more attention in order to make the priority action more effective. This study is divided into four stages. The first stage is the data collection about cost component used for ratio calculation of cost related to quality. The collected data are converted into ratio. The purpose of making ratio is these that data are in the same unit so it will be easier to be compared. After that, these ratios are analyzed with Pareto diagram to determine components which become priority concern. Then the cost components considered as priority concern will be analyzed later to find the priority action that should be done to reduce the cost related to quality. Based on analysis performed, there are a lot of cost components that contribute to the cost related to quality. These are divided into two categories, namely quality cost and quality lost. After the data is converted into the ratio and analyzed with Pareto diagram, the cost components that have make the biggest contribution to the quality cost are monitoring analysis for finished product, raw material, environment, and investigation. For the quality lost category, cost components that have the biggest contribution are delayed released finished product, raw material, and packaging material. Efficiency in quality cost does not always mean that all component of cost that related to quality must be reduced. Sometimes the amount of certain component should be maintained or even added to reduce or prevent the other component. Based on the existing conditions and its data, priority actions will be more effective if focused on the delayed release of finished product.
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Judul: Deteksi dan Identifikasi Cymbidium Mosaik Virus (CyMV) pada Tanaman Anggrek
Abstrak: Cymbidium Mosaik Virus (CyMV) merupakan penyebab penyakit yang sering ditemukan pada tanaman anggrek. Gejala infeksi virus pada daun berupa mosaik disertai bercak – bercak klorotik berwarna hitam yang lama – kelamaan berubah menjadi bercak nekrotik sedangkan pada bunga tanaman yang terinfeksi biasanya memperlihatkan gejala bercak-bercak coklat nekrosis pada petal dan sepalnya. Bunga biasanya berukuran lebih kecil dan mudah rontok dibandingkan dengan bunga tanaman sehat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan mengidentifikasi CyMV pada tanaman anggrek secara serologi dan molekuler serta menguji kisaran inang dengan cara penularan mekanis pada beberapa jenis tanaman indikator. Deteksi serologi dengan teknik Direct Antibody Sandwich-Enzyme Linked Immunoabsorbent Assay (DAS-ELISA) menggunakan antiserum spesifik CyMV menunjukkan hasil positif pada tanaman anggrek Cymbidium sp. yang diambil dari kebun petani tanaman anggrek di Surabaya. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa virus CyMV sudah ada dan penyebarannya cukup luas di Indonesia. Deteksi molekuler dilakukan dengan RT-PCR dan PCR menggunakan pasangan primer CP U dan CP D serta mikroskop elektron. Hasil deteksi molekuler menunjukkan bahwa CyMv merupakan virus yang memiliki pita DNA berukuran ±600 bp yang tampak pada gel agarose yang merupakan hasil proses amplifikasi. Hasil pengamatan dengan menggunakan mikroskop elektron menunjukkan partikel CyMV berbentuk batang lentur dengan ukuran 440-480 x 13 nm. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa CyMV termasuk dalam kelompok virus dari genus Potexvirus. CyMV merupakan virus yang dapat ditularkan secara mekanis. Hasil penularan terhadap 5 spesies tanaman indikator dari 3 famili yang telah diinokulasikan CyMV menunjukkan bahwa Datura stramonium (Solanaceae) dan Chenopodium amaranticolor (Chenopodiaceae) menunjukkan gejala lesio lokal yaitu dengan munculnya bercak nekrotik pada bagian daun. Pada Cassia occidentalis (Leguminoceae) menunjukkan gejala sistemik yaitu dengan munculnya gejala mosaik dengan pola gradasi hijau tua-hijau muda pada daun yang diinokulasikan virus CyMV, selain itu pada daun muda yang baru tumbuh menunjukkan gejala daun menjadi kecil dan mengeriput. Sedangkan pada Nicotiana tabacum dan Physalis sp. (Solanaceae) tidak menunjukkan adanya gejala, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa tanaman ini bukan inang alternatif untuk virus CyMV. Kata kunci : Cymbidium Mosaik Virus, Anggrek
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