Judul: Feeding Fermented Fish Waste Meal in Rations on the Physical Quality of Quail Eggs
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian tepung limbah ikan fermentasi dalam ransum terhadap kualitas fisik telur puyuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan 160 ekor puyuh betina berumur 25 minggu yang dipelihara selama 8 minggu. Dipelihara menggunakan kandang koloni bertingkat dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. P0 = ransum kontrol, P1= ransum mengandung 2% tepung limbah ikan fermentasi, P2 = ransum mengandung 4% tepung limbah ikan fermentasi, P3 = ransum mengandung 6% tepung limbah ikan fermentasi. Peubah yang diamati adalah kualitas fisik telur yang meliputi bobot telur, indeks telur, tebal kerabang, persentase bobot kerabang, persentase bobot putih, persentase bobot kuning, warna kuning, dan haugh unit telur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung limbah ikan fermentasi sebanyak 2%, 4%, dan 6% dalam ransum tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai bobot telur, indeks telur, tebal kerabang, persentase bobot kerabang, persentase bobot putih, persentase bobot kuning, warna kuning, dan haugh unit telur puyuh. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian tepung limbah ikan fermentasi sampai level 6% dalam ransum tidak memengaruhi kualitas fisik telur puyuh dan masuk kedalam kisaran normal telur puyuh. Tepung limbah ikan fermentasi ini dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pakan substitusi tepung ikan komersil., This study aimed to evaluate the effect of feeding fermented fish waste meal in the diet on the physical quality of quail eggs. This study used 160 female quails aged 25 weeks that were reared for 8 weeks. Maintained using multilevel colony cages with a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replicates. P0 = control ration, P1 = ration containing 2% fermented fish waste meal, P2 = ration containing 4% fermented fish waste meal, P3 = ration containing 6% fermented fish waste meal. The observed variables were the physical quality of eggs which included egg weight, egg index, shell thickness, shell weight percentage, white weight percentage, yellow weight percentage, yellow color, and haugh unit of eggs. The results showed that feeding fermented fish waste meal as much as 2%, 4%, and 6% in the ration had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the value ofegg weight, egg index, shell thickness, shell weight percentage, white weight percentage, yellow weight percentage, yellow color, and haugh unit of quail eggs. It can be concluded that feeding fermented fish waste meal up to 6% level in the ration does not affect the physical quality of quail eggs and is within the normal range of quail eggs. Fermented fish waste meal can be used as a substitute feed ingredient for commercial fish meal.
Keyword: quail, egg physical quality, fermented fish waste meal, fish waste, pineapple waste, quail egg

Judul: Evaluation of the Use of Noni Leaf (Morinda citrifolia) Shoot Flour in the Diets on the Physical Quality of Quail Eggs
Abstrak: Kualitas fisik telur puyuh dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan bahan pakan alternatif pada pakan contohnya seperti daun mengkudu. Daun mengkudu memiliki kandungan protein kasar dan β-karoten yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pemberian tepung pucuk daun mengkudu (TPDM) dalam ransum terhadap kualitas fisik telur puyuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, setiap ulangan menggunakan 15 ekor puyuh berumur 6 minggu. Ransum yang diberikan yaitu P0= Ransum kontrol (tanpa TPDM), P1= ransum mengandung 2% TPDM, P2= ransum mengandung 4% TPDM, P3= ransum mengandung 6% TPDM, P4 = ransum mengandung 8% TPDM. Peubah yang diamati yaitu bobot telur, indeks telur, persentase bobot komponen telur, warna kuning, tebal kerabang, dan haugh unit. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung pucuk daun mengkudu dalam ransum berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap persentase bobot kuning telur, skor warna kuning, dan ketebalan kerabang telur. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan tepung pucuk daun mengkudu mulai 2% (P1) dalam ransum efektif meningkatkan warna kuning telur namun mulai level 4% (P2) terjadi penurunan ketebalan kerabang., The physical quality of quail eggs can be improved by adding alternative feed ingredients to the feed, for example noni leaves. Noni leaves contain high levels of crude protein and β-carotene. This research aims to evaluate the provision of noni leaf shoot flour (TPDM) in diets on the physical quality of quail eggs. This study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications, each replication using 15 quail aged 6 weeks. The rations given were P0= Control ration (without % TPDM), P1= diet containing 2% TPDM, P2= diet containing 4% TPDM, P3= diet containing 6% TPDM, P4= diet containing 8% TPDM. The variables observed were egg weight, egg index, egg component weight percentage, yellow color, shell thickness, and haugh unit. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results of the research showed that giving noni leaf shoot flour in the diets significant effect (P<0.05) on the percentage of egg yolk, yellow color score, and the thickness of the eggshell. This research concludes that the use of noni leaf shoot flour starting at 2% (P1) in the diets is effective in increasing egg y
Keyword: noni leaf shoot flour, quail, physical quality of eggs, noni leaf

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix