Judul: Analisis Cemaran Logam Berat Pb, Hg dan Mikroba Sediaan Krim Anti Jerawat Berbasis Kitosan Cangkang Kerang Bulu (Anadara antiquata Linn.)
Abstrak: Sediaan krim anti jerawat dibutuhkan untuk mengobati jerawat. Syarat keamanan suatu sediaan kosmetik diantaranya nilai cemaran logam berat dan mikroba sesuai standar Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan (BPOM). Sifat antimikroba kitosan cangkang kerang bulu sebagai bahan aktif dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri dan kapang. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis cemaran logam berat dan mikroba pada sediaan krim anti jerawat berbasis kitosan cangkang kerang bulu. Metode pada penelitian ini meliputi analisis kadar logam berat dengan metode Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry, Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) dan Angka Kapang Khamir (AKK) dengan metode cawan tuang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar logam berat yaitu sebesar 1.78 mg/kg untuk timbal dan <0.004 mg/kg untuk merkuri, sudah sesuai standar BPOM. Nilai ALT sesuai standar BPOM yaitu 8.3 × 102 cfu/mL untuk basis krim dan 7.2 × 102 cfu/mL untuk krim 5%. Sedangkan, nilai AKK melebihi standar BPOM yaitu 2.2 × 104 cfu/mL untuk basis krim dan 1.4 × 104 cfu/mL untuk krim 5%. Nilai ALT dan AKK pada krim 5% lebih rendah daripada basis krim. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan krim belum lolos standar keamanan karena nilai AKK yang cukup tinggi.
Keyword: Anadara antiquate L, chitosan, heavy metals, microbial contamination

Judul: Formulation and Effectiveness Test of Cream from  Shellfish Shells (Anadara antiquata Linn.) as Anti Acne Cream
Abstrak: Cangkang kerang bulu mengandung kitosan yang berpotensi sebagai antibakteri sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai krim antijerawat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh sediaan krim dan menguji efektivitas kitosan dari limbah kerang bulu sebagai produk krim antijerawat. Derajat deasetilasi kitosan diukur menggunakan FTIR, kemudian serbuk kitosan ditambahkan pada krim antijerawat dengan variasi konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15% (b/v). Uji fisikokimia, aktivitas antioksidan, dan aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus epidermidis dilakukan terhadap ketiga variasi krim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa derajat deasetilasi kitosan sebesar 97.49% dengan kadar air dan rendemen berturut-turut sebesar 3.49% dan 47.63%. Uji fisikokimia menunjukkan bahwa ketiga krim antijerawat memiliki pH 5, homogen, tipe krim O/W, dan memiliki daya sebar yang menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya konsentrasi serbuk kitosan. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu krim dengan 15% serbuk kitosan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan terbaik dan krim 5% serbuk kitosan memiliki kemampuan krim terbaik dalam menghambat bakteri., Shellfish shells contain chitosan, which is potential as an antibacterial, therefore, it can be used as an anti-acne cream. This study aims to obtain cream preparations and test chitosan's effectiveness from shellfish waste as an anti-acne cream product. The degree of chitosan deacetylation was measured using FTIR, then chitosan powder was added to the anti-acne cream with various concentrations of 5%, 10%, and 15% (w/v). Physicochemical tests, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial activity using Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus epidermidis bacteria were carried out on those various concentrations of the cream. The results of calculating the degree of deacetylation of chitosan based on FTIR spectra were 97.49% with water content and yield of 3.49% and 47.63%, respectively. The physicochemical test showed that the three anti-acne creams had a pH of 5, were homogeneous, type O/W cream, and had dispersion which decreased with the increasing concentration of chitosan powder. The conclusion of this research is that cream with 5% chitosan powder has the highest antioxidant activity and cream with 5% chitosan powder has the highest activity to inhibit bacteria.
Keyword: anti acne, antioxidant, chitosan, shellfish shells

Judul: Modeling Multi-Agent in Futsal Sport Using Finite State Machine.
Abstrak: Building agents for futsal scenario requires methodologies for implementing high-level complex behavior and efficient programming. With that hypothesis in mind, this paper will show that we can develop futsal agents using simple logic and rule-based manner with Finite State Machine (FSM). FSM provides a powerful way to describe dynamic behavior of systems and components. The systems adapt specific behaviors with the main focus on how agents should behave for current situation. This research is designed with State design pattern to implement FSM in object oriented languages. In order to describe procedural aspects of the agents behavior, the state machine represented by state diagram. Because of this, we can revise behavior of agents which is triggered by external events. From this research the system can describe agent’s behavior and specified the state of the current situation. Keywords: Multi-agent, Finite State Machine, object oriented, State design pattern.
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