Judul: Estimasi Nilai Kehilangan Food waste dan Potensi Implementasi Denda Sisa Makanan di Rumah Makan (Studi Kasus : Grand Garden Café & Resto, Kebun Raya Bogor).
Abstrak: Bogor Botanical Garden has the most tourist visits amongst the other nature tourism sites in Bogor City. Most tourists spend almost 40% of their budget on food while traveling, and 50% of restaurant’s income earned from tourists. An eating out habit as a lifestyle has been increasing the volume of food waste while 93% of organic waste in Indonesia comes from food wasted. In this case, it’s hard to avoid food wasting because it’s related with habits but food waste causes environmental and economic loss because of the pollution and waste of resources along the production. Therefore, it needs a food waste prevention to support Zero Waste 2030 program in achieving SDGs number 12. The purposes of this research are (1) to k9ow the perceptions and behaviours of restaurant’s consumers about food waste; (2) to estimate the amount and loss value of food waste generated in resto; (3) to analyse the potential implementation of fines system for consumer’s food waste. The methods used in this research are descriptive analysis using Guttman, Likert, SNI 10-3964-1994, and Contingent Valuation Method. The results of this research show that knowledge about food waste issues and the confession of having food waste prevention in daily life, cannot ensure someone from wasting food. The high amount of loss value of food waste in restaurant (Rp872.338.472/year) shows the waste of resources that cannot be avoided. Thus, a fines system for consumer’s food waste leftovers can be one of the alternative solutions. The fine scheme based on mean WTP of restaurant’s visitors is Rp15.676 to Rp21.360 per 100 grams of food wasted (applies multiples), while for buffet menu is Rp50.000.
Keyword: food waste, loss value, waste of resource, fine of food wasted, willingness to pay

Judul: Estimasi Nilai Kehilangan Food waste dan Potensi Implementasi Denda Sisa Makanan di Rumah Makan (Studi Kasus : Grand Garden Café & Resto, Kebun Raya Bogor).
Abstrak: Kebun Raya Bogor memiliki jumlah kunjungan terbesar di antara wisata alam lainnya yang berlokasi di Kota Bogor. Sebagian wisatawan menghabiskan hampir 40% dari anggaran mereka untuk makanan pada saat bepergian, dan sebesar 50% dari pendapatan restoran berasal dari wisatawan. Adanya kebiasaan makan di luar (eating out) sebagai gaya hidup meningkatkan volume sampah makanan, sedangkan 93% sampah organik di Indonesia berasal dari sampah makanan. Dalam kasus ini, perilaku food waste sulit dicegah karena berhubungan dengan kebiasaan, sedangkan food waste menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi dan lingkungan karena menimbulkan pencemaran serta pemborosan sumberdaya dalam pengolahannya. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pencegahan terjadinya food waste untuk mendukung program Zero Waste 2030 dalam SDG nomor 12. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengetahui persepsi dan perilaku pengunjung rumah makan mengenai food waste; (2) Mengestimasi jumlah timbulan dan nilai kehilangan food waste yang dihasilkan restoran; dan (3) Menganalisis potensi implementasi sistem denda untuk food waste pada konsumen restoran. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif menggunakan skala Guttman, skala Likert, metode SNI 19-3964-1994, dan Contingent Valuation Method. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan tentang isu food waste dan pengakuan memiliki kebiasaan mencegah terjadinya food waste dalam kesehariannya, tidak bisa menjamin seseorang untuk tidak berperilaku menyisakan makanan yang berpotensi menimbulkan food waste. Besarnya nilai kehilangan dari food waste di restoran (Rp872.338.472/tahun) menggambarkan adanya pemborosan sumberdaya yang tidak dapat dihindari sehingga sistem denda pada sisa makanan konsumen dapat sebagai salah satu alternatif solusi. Adapun skema denda sesuai nilai rataan WTP pengunjung resto adalah Rp15.676 sampai Rp21.360 untuk setiap 100 gram sisa makanan konsumen dan berlaku kelipatannya, sedangkan pada menu buffet adalah sebesar Rp50.000.
Keyword: food waste, nilai kehilangan, pemborosan sumberdaya, denda kelebihan makanan, willingness to pay

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship