Judul: Kombinasi Perlakuan Konsentrasi Ozon Terlarut dan Waktu Pencucian terhadap Pengurangan Residu Pestisida dan Masa Simpan Cabai Merah Besar
Abstrak: Kondisi di lapangan menunjukkan bahwa penanganan pascapanen untuk menjaga kesegaran mutu dari cabai merah masih kurang diperhatikan sehingga umur simpan cabai relatif lebih singkat. Penggunaan pestisida di lapangan masih banyak dilakukan untuk pemeliharaan cabai agar terhindar dari serangan hama dan penyakit. Pemberian pestisida yang berlebihan akan meninggalkan residu yang berbahaya jika terkonsumsi oleh manusia. Teknologi plasma fine bubble menjadi salah satu alternatif yang digunakan untuk menurunkan residu pestisida dan memperpanjang masa simpan bahan pertanian seperti cabai merah besar. Tujuan penelitian menerapkan teknologi plasma fine bubble dengan berbagai konsentrasi ozon terlarut dan lamanya waktu pencucian serta menganalisis pengaruh perlakuan plasma fine bubble untuk menurunkan residu pestisida dan memperpanjang masa simpan dari cabai merah besar. Proses pencucian menggunakan media air dengan konsentrasi larutan ozon 1 ppm dan 2 ppm serta waktu pencucian yang digunakan 3 menit dan 5 menit. Pengujian residu pestisida menggunakan kit pestisida K-nai Instrument, dengan hasil pengujian berupa data kualitatif dari perubahan gradasi warna pada larutan. Konsentrasi ozon 1 ppm dengan waktu 3 menit menjadi perlakuan terbaik menurunkan residu pestisida triazofos dilihat dari perubahan gradasi warna pada larutan residu pestisida. Berdasarkan parameter pengujian cabai dengan perlakuan ozon mampu mempertahankan susut bobot, kekerasan, total padatan terlarut, dan warna lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Cabai merah yang diberikan perlakuan dapat bertahan di suhu ruang selama 14 hari., Conditions in the field indicate that post-harvest handling to maintain the freshness of the quality of red chilies still needs to be more attention so that the shelf life of chilies is relatively shorter. Pesticides in the field are still widely used to maintain chili plants to avoid pests and disease attacks. Excessive application of pesticides will leave harmful residues if consumed by humans. Plasma technology fine bubbles be an alternative for reducing pesticide residue and extending agricultural materials' shelf life, such as large red chilies. The research aims to apply plasma technology to fine bubbles with various concentrations of dissolved ozone and the length of washing time and analyze the effect of plasma treatment on fine bubbles to reduce pesticide residues and extend the shelf life of large red chilies. The washing process uses water media with a concentration of 1 ppm and 2 ppm ozone solution, and the washing time is 3 minutes and 5 minutes. Pesticide residue test using the K-nai Instrument pesticide tool, with the test results in the form of qualitative data from changes in color gradations in the solution. An ozone concentration of 1 ppm for 3 minutes is the best treatment for reduced triazophos pesticide residue, as seen from the color gradation changes in the pesticide residue solution. Based on the test parameters, chili with ozone treatment could maintain weight loss, hardness, total dissolved solids, and color better than the control. Treated large red chili peppers can survive at room temperature for 14 days
Keyword: concentration and time, shelf-life, plasma fine bubble, pesticide residue, pesticide residue

Judul: Application of Fine Bubble Ozone Technology in Chili (Capsicum Annuum L.) Washing Process To Reduce Pesticide Residues And Extend Shelf Life
Abstrak: Cabai merah besar merupakan komoditas yang mudah rusak dan umumnya dijual segar. Belum sempurna nya penerapan Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) dan Good Handling Practices (GHP) membuat cabai banyak mengalami penurunan kualitas di sepanjang rantai pasok sampai ke pasar. Penggunaan pestisida secara intensif mengakibatkan tingginya residu pestisida pada cabai yang berpotensi menimbulkan masalah keamanan pangan. Salah satu teknologi yang digunakan untuk menurunkan residu pestisida dan memperpanjang umur simpan adalah Ozon Fine bubble. Fine bubble merupakan gelembung kecil berdiameter kurang dari 100 μm. Pembuatan ozon fine bubble dilakukan dengan prinsip menginjeksikan gas ozon ke dalam air. Penelitian ini menggunakan Cabai merah besar (Capsicum annuum l.). Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menerapkan teknologi ozon fine bubble untuk mengurangi residu pestisida dan memperpanjang masa penyimpanan. Media pencucian yang digunakan yaitu ozonated fine bubble water 1 ppm, gas ozon 0.9 ppm, dan fine bubble water 8 ppm. Parameter yang diamati adalah residu pestisida sebelum dan sesudah pencucian, dan masa simpan cabai setelah pencucian. Cabai yang dicuci menggunakan ozon fine bubble memiliki penurunan residu pestisida profenofos sebesar 64.4%. Pencucian dengan water fine bubble 8 ppm, dan gas ozon 0.9 ppm masing-masing menghasilkan penurunan residu pestisida sebesar 53.44% dan 52.23%. Pencucian dengan ozon fine bubble 1 ppm mampu menurunkan total padatan terlarut dengan signifikan. Cabai yang diberi perlakuan ozon fine bubble 1 ppm dapat bertahan sampai 27 hari setelah pencucian., Big red chili is a perishable commodity and is generally sold fresh. The imperfect implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) and Good Handling Practices (GHP) has made chilies experience a lot of quality decline along the supply chain to the market. Intensive use of pesticides results in high pesticide residues in chilies which have the potential to cause food safety problems. One of the technologies used to reduce pesticide residues and extend shelf life is Ozone Fine bubble. Fine bubbles are small bubbles with a diameter less than 100 μm. Fine bubble ozone is made by injecting ozone gas into the water. This study used large red chili (Capsicum annuum l.). The aim of the research is to apply fine bubble ozone technology to reduce pesticide residues and extend the storage period. The washing media used were ozonated fine bubble water of 1 ppm, ozone gas of 0.9 ppm, and fine bubble water of 8 ppm. The parameters observed were pesticide residues before and after washing, and the shelf life of chili after washing. Chili that was washed using fine bubble ozone had a decrease in profenofos pesticide residue by 64.4%. Washing with 8 ppm fine bubble water and 0.9 ppm ozone gas resulted in a decrease in pesticide residues of 53.44% and 52.23%, respectively. Washing with 1 ppm fine bubble ozone was able to significantly reduce the total dissolved solids. Chili treated with ozone fine bubble 1 ppm can last up to 27 days after washing.
Keyword: Chili, shelf-life, ozone, washing, residue pesticide

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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