Judul: The Potential of and Challenges for the Indonesian Beef Self-Sufficiency Programme.
Abstrak: Over the last decade there has been a change in the global food system, including the livestock sector. Growing population, higher incomes, increasing urbanisation and shifting food preferences contribute to rising demand for animal food products, particularly in developing countries. In response, the Indonesian government promoted the beef self-sufficiency programme, largely motivated by revitalisation programmes in agriculture, fisheries and forestry, introduced in 2005. This paper examines the potential of and challenges for the Indonesian beef self-sufficiency policy, and aims to discuss the importance of improving productivity in the beef sector by encouraging investment in research and development, as well as improving efficiency along the supply chain. The findings suggest that achieving beef self-sufficiency through the improvement of productivity would help poverty reduction and encourage business diversification in the agriculture and livestock sectors.
Keyword: ivestock sector, beef self-sufficiency programme, productivity.

Judul: The impact of beef self-sufficiency policy on economic performance of livestock subsector in Indonesia
Abstrak: Beef cattle have a strategic role in the Indonesian economy. In addition to its contribution to GDP and employment in the livestock sub-sector, the beef is also one source of animal protein. Beef consumption tends to increase over time. However, the growth of domestic beef production is slower than the growth in consumption. This has led to the increasing import. In this regard, the government has set self-sufficiency policy to encourage the growth of beef cattle and beef production. This study is aimed to: 1) analyze the impact of beef self-sufficiency policies on national beef production and performance in livestock subsector, 2) evaluate the impact of beef self-sufficiency policies on producer and consumer welfare in Indonesia and foreign exchange savings, and 3) forecasting production and demand for beef within the framework of achieving beef self-sufficiency in Indonesia. This study used econometric model with simultaneous equations and utilized time series data from 1990 – 2011 periods. Based on order condition criteria, this model is over identified. Parameter estimation used Two Stages Least Squares method. Simulation results showed that technological improvements through increasing doses of Artificial Insemination (AI), increased breeder cattle imports, and the subsidies policy of interest rate on bank loans will encourage beef cattle production and domestic beef production as well as lower import feeder cattle and beef imports. Increased beef cattle production will encourage GDP and employment in the livestock subsector. Import restrictions policy on feeder cattle and beef will increase domestic beef production but reduce the population and beef cattle production, resulting in lower GDP and employment in the livestock subsector. Combination of policies in order to achieve beef self-sufficiency will increase the social welfare and save foreign exchange. Combination policies have not been able to achieve beef self-sufficiency in Indonesia in 2014. Indonesia is expected to achieve beef self-sufficiency in 2021. Gradually imports restrictions on feeder cattle and beef and was followed by an increase in technology and the provision of breeder cattle have positive impact on the beef industry and livestock sector and the achievement of beef self-sufficiency in Indonesia.
Keyword: beef, performance of livestock subsector, self-sufficiency, welfare

Judul: Karakterisasi Optik dan Listrik Kalsium Titanat (CaTiO3) Hasil Sintesis Hidrotermal dan Annealing
Abstrak: Dalam penelitian ini dilakukan pembuatan material kalsium titanat (CaTiO3) melalui metode hidrotermal dan annealing. Pembuatan material CaTiO3 dengan menggunakan prekursor kalsium oksida (CaO) dari cangkang telur itik dan bubuk material TiO2. Perlakuan diawali dengan pembuatan kalsium oksida (CaO) yang diperoleh melalui transformasi kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) hasil kalsinasi. Untuk proses pembuatan CaTiO3 dengan melarutkan bubuk CaO dan bubuk TiO2 ke dalam larutan amoniak (NH4OH) menggunakan metode hidrotermal (suhu 2000C), kemudian bubuk CaTiO3 dipelet dan annealing pada tiga variasi suhu yaitu 7000C, 8000C dan 9000C. Ketiga sampel tersebut di karakterisasi dan dilakukan pengujian secara fisik. Pola XRD menunjukkan bahwa sampel CaTiO3 terbentuk optimal pada annealing suhu 9000C dengan ukuran kristal sebesar 38,36 nm. Sedangkan dari uji SEM dapat ditentukan ukuran butir kristal dari ketiga sampel CaTiO3 secara berturut-turut : 0,23 μm, 0,22 μm dan 0,25 μm. Pada karakterisasi optik, serapan yang paling tinggi terdapat di daerah ultra violet (UV) yaitu pada panjang gelombang 360-380 nm, sebaliknya merefleksikan di daerah visible dan infrared. Dari uji optik juga dapat ditentukan band gap dari suatu sampel. Nilai band gap yang diperoleh dari sampel CaTiO3 yang diannealing 7000C, 8000C dan 9000C secara berturut-turut yaitu 3,43 eV; 3,36 eV dan 3,34 eV. Dengan adanya kenaikan suhu pada sampel maka band gap yang diperoleh semakin kecil. Dari karakteristik listrik dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada sampel annealing suhu 7000C bersifat nonohmik, sedangkan pada sampel annealing suhu 8000C dan 9000C bersifat ohmik dan merupakan bahan semikonduktor. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai resistivitas dan konduktivitasnya yang masih berada pada range semikonduktor.
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