Judul: The Variation of Leaf Anatomical Characteristic of Dimorphanthera and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Arfak Mountains and Mount Jaya, New Guinea
Abstrak: ABSTRAK AMALIA. Variasi Ciri Anatomi Daun Dimorphanthera dan Vaccinium (Ericaceae) di Pegunungan Arfak dan Puncak Jaya, Niugini. Dibimbing oleh TATIK CHIKMAWATI, NINA RATNA DJUITA dan WENDY ACHMMAD MUSTAQIM. Niugini merupakan pulau terbesar kedua di dunia yang secara administrasi terdiri atas dua wilayah, yaitu Niugini bagian barat yang dikenal dengan Papua, Indonesia dan bagian timur yang merupakan kawasan negara Papua Niugini. Kedua kawasan ini memiliki endemisitas flora yang tinggi, salah satunya Ericaceae. Ericaceae terdiri atas sekitar 124 genera dan 4250 spesies. Dua di antaranya, adalah Dimorphanthera dan Vaccinium, yang sulit dibedakan secara morfologi vegetatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati variasi dan menemukan ciri anatomi daun untuk membedakan Dimorphanthera dan Vaccinium. Pengamatan anatomi dilakukan dengan membuat sayatan paradermal untuk membandingkan bentuk, tipe dinding, dan ukuran (panjang dan lebar) sel epidermis, ukuran stomata, indeks, kerapatan, dan tipe stomata dari kedua genera tersebut. Tiga spesies Dimorphanthera (D. amblyornidis, D. cornuta, dan D. nigropunctata) dan lima spesies Vaccinium (V. commutatum, V. minuticalcaratum, V. molle, V. tubiflorum, dan V. villosiflorum) telah diamati bagian tengah daunnya. Empat tipe stomata pada Dimorphanthera, yaitu anomositik, aktinositik, hemiparasitik, dan paratetrasitik serta tiga tipe stomata pada Vaccinium yaitu anomositik, hemiparasitik, dan paratetrasitik ditemukan tersebar di antara sel-sel epidermis abaksial. Indeks stomata dan kerapatan stomata merupakan ciri yang relatif beragam antar spesies dan dapat digunakan untuk membedakan antara spesies pada Dimorphanthera dan Vaccinium. Ciri anatomi daun pada penelitian ini tidak dapat digunakan untuk membedakan genus Dimorphanthera dari Vaccinium., ABSTRACT AMALIA. The Variation of Leaf Anatomical Characteristic of Dimorphanthera and Vaccinium (Ericaceae) in Arfak Mountains and Mount Jaya, New Guinea. Supervised by TATIK CHIKMAWATI, NINA RATNA DJUITA and WENDY ACHMMAD MUSTAQIM. New Guinea is the second-largest island in the world. The island is divided into two administrative regions that include the western half known as Papua, Indonesia and the eastern half of the island is an independent country of Papua New Guinea. These are have a high number of endemic plants and one of them is Ericaceae. Ericaceae consists of about 124 genera and 4250 species. Two of them, Dimorphanthera and Vaccinium, are difficult to be distinguished using vegetative characteristics. This study aimed to distinguish the variation of paradermal anatomical characteristics of Dimorphanthera and Vaccinium leaves by observing the shape, wall type and size of epidermis cells, stomatal type and size, index and density of stomata. Leaves from three species of Dimorphanthera (D. amblyornidis, D. cornuta, and D. nigropunctata) and five species of Vaccinium (V. commutatum, V. minuticalcaratum, V. molle, V. tubiflorum, and V. villosiflorum) were observed in the middle of the lamina. Four types of stomata namely anomocityc, actinocytic, hemiparacytic, and paratetracytic, were found on Dimorphanthera. Three types of stomata in Vaccinium namely anomocytic, hemiparacytic, and paratetracytic were found in the abaxial epidermis. Stomatal index and density vary between species in both Dimorphanthera and Vaccinium. However, leaf anatomical characteristics can not be used to distinguish the genus Dimorphanthera from Vaccinium.
Keyword: Papua, paradermal anatomy, stomatal density, stomatal indeks

Judul: A Monograph of the Genus Diplycosia (Ericaceae) in New Guinea
Abstrak: Diplycosia is an under-studied genus of Ericaceae, with a distribution confined almost to Malesia with most members are endemic to a single island or even a single mountain. New Guinea which, prior to this study, inhabited by 21 endemic species and once considered as one of the centres of diversity. Many species of Diplycosia in New Guinea are known only from limited collections: either only from the type specimens, or from only two or three specimens from a single or few locations; several have incomplete descriptions due to the absence of floral parts. Therefore, a taxonomic revision is needed for the genus Diplycosia in this island. Besides that, despite mostly being narrow endemic, 17 described species have not been evaluated for their IUCN conservation status which has become an obstacle for conservation actions. Therefore, an assessment is urgently required for the genus in New Guinea. A morphological species concept was used in this revision, and specimens were studied from various herbaria either directly or from digital resources: Australian National Herbarium (CANB), Harvard University (A), Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris (P), Naturalis History Museum Firenze (FI), Naturalis Leiden (L), Papua New Guinea Forest Research Institute (LAE), PT Freeport Indonesia (tentatively as FRE), Research Center for Biology Indonesia Institute of Sciences (BO), Royal Botanic Gardens Kew (K), and Universitas Papua (MAN). Field explorations were carried out in Indonesian New Guinea, including Birds Head Peninsula and Mount Jaya area. An observation on qualitative anatomical characters of leaf epidermis was done in eight species. Assessment of conservation status was based on IUCN Red List guideline including range sizes calculated using GeoCAT using data sourced from herbarium specimens, literature and recently gathered data from the field exploration. A total number of 26 endemic species are accepted in New Guinea. Four new species are described namely Diplycosia elegans Mustaqim, Utteridge & Heatubun, D. hexamera Mustaqim, Utteridge & Heatubun, Diplycosia puradyatmikai Mustaqim, Utteridge & Heatubun, Diplycosia reticulifolia Mustaqim, Utteridge & Heatubun, together with a variety Diplycosia lorentzii var. acuminata Mustaqim, Utteridge & Heatubun. Diplycosia morobeensis var. ovatifolia Sleumer is reduced to a synonym of Diplycosia morobeensis Sleumer. Based on our current result, a higher number of species was reported from the western half of the island compared to the eastern half. So far, the central part of New Guinea from Jayawijaya Mountains east to the mountains near Indonesia and PNG border is an area with the highest diversity despite being poorly explored. The geographical range of the species varies from widespread species, found across the island, to very narrow endemics, some even restricted to a single mountain complex or a single locality. New Guinean Diplycosia grows as epiphytes or a terrestrial shrubs in mostly the mossy forests upwards to alpine vegetation. The elevation range from 800 in Wandammen Peninsula for D. kosteri and 4000 m in Mount Giluwe for D. rupicola and D. morobeensis. Seven species are known to inhabit alpine vegetation in New Guinea including the new species D. elegans. From this study, we recorded two new important information in the generic character of Diplycosia. It has been
Keyword: conservation status, East Malesia, epiphyte, Ericaceae, new species, taxonomy

Judul: autonomous mobile robot menggunakan metode formal logika temporal linear
Abstrak: Logika temporal linear (LTL) dikontruksi dari formulasi logika tingkah laku sistem yang diharapkan dari waktu ke waktu secara linear. Dengan demikian jika pada bagian atau waktu tertentu terjadi kesalahan pada sistem, kesalahan itu dapat segera diantisipasi. Dalam hal ini penggunaan perencanaan logika temporal linear tidak hanya digunakan pada autonomous mobile robot untuk mencapai sebuah tujuan atau menghindari rintangan, tetapi juga untuk perangkaian, perluasan atau penugasan sementara (temporal ordering) pada sebuah rangkaian tugas yang berbeda dalam satu waktu. Dalam LTL untuk menghasilkan lintasan robot dilakukan tiga tahap tahap aktivitas, yaitu pendefinisan abstraksi diskrit pergerakan robot, perencanaan logika temporal menggunakan model checking, dan implementasi kontinu rencana diskret (continuous implementations of discrete plan).
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