Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Infeksi cacing nematoda parasitik Ascaridia galli berlangsung di dalam usus halus unggas. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memurnikan dan menganalisa karakter protease dari ekskretori/sekretori stadium L3 A. galli sebagai pemicu pertahanan mukosa berdasarkan proliferasi dan hiperplasia sel goblet, sel mast mukosa, sel eosinofil pada usus halus ayam petelur. Dosis 6000 L2 diberikan langsung ke dalam oesofagus 100 ekor ayam, dan tujuh hari kemudian larva yang sudah menetas (L3) diambil kembali dari dalam usus halus. L3 dikultur secara in vitro dalam medium Rosswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI 1640), pH 6,8, tanpa merah fenol dalam inkubator pada temperatur 37oC dan 5% CO2 selama 3 hari. Ekskretori/sekretori dipreparasi dari produk metabolisme L3 yang dilepaskan ke dalam medium kultur. Protease dimurnikan dengan ammunium sulfat, dialisis yang diikuti dengan kromatografi filtrasi gel matriks sephadex G-100. Matriks DEAE sephadex A-50 digunakan untuk pemurnian protease melalui kromatografi anion exchange. Aktivitas protease diuji pada kasein 2%. Aktivitas protease dikaji terhadap sensitivitas inhibitor, temperatur, dan pH. Konsentrasi protein dihitung mengikuti metode Bradford. Berat molekul protease diestimasi melalui sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS PAGE).
Keyword: Unggas, Infeksi cacing nematoda parasitik, Rosswell Park Memorial Institute, Parasitic nematode, Cacing Ascaridia galli, Enzim protease pada eksretori/sekretori cacing, Protease dari eksretori/sekretori

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mempelajari dinamika infeksi cacing parasit saluran pencernaan pada ayam Merawang dara di Peternakan Ayam AT3 Desa Bojong Kecamatan Tenjo Kabupaten Bogor. Sebanyak 544 ekor ayam Merawang berusia 1 bulan dipelihara dalam 2 kandang. Ayam tersebut dipelihara dalam kandang litter selama 2 bulan dan di kandang battery selama 5 bulan sehingga terpapar cacing secara alami. Setiap bulan diambil sampel feses serta ditimbang bobot badannya mulai bulan November 2002 - Mei 2003. Selama penelitian ditemukan dua jenis telur cacing yaitu Ascaridia dan Hartertia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iklim yang meliputi curah hujan, suhu rata-rata dan kelembaban, mempengaruhi dinamika infeksi cacing parasit saluran pencernaan pada ayam Merawang dara. Tidak ada korelasi antara perubahan bobot badan dengan nilai TTGT Ascaridia (r= 0,2 P>0,05 untuk kandang 1 dan r=0,067 P>0,05 untuk kandang 2).
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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