Judul: Synthesis of Violin String Picks and Swipe With Variation of Pick Points Using Fourier Transform
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sinyal periodik yang dihasilkan petikan dan gesekan senar biola. Terdapat dua tahapan pada penelitian ini yakni tahap analisis dan tahap sintesis bunyi setiap senar biola. Senar biola dipetik pada beberapa posisi dengan simpangan sebesar 1 mm hingga 5 mm. Data dianalisis dengan software MATLAB untuk mendapatkan koefisien redaman, grafik simpangan sebagai fungsi waktu, dan spektrum frekuensi dari bunyi yang dihasilkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan frekuensi bunyi petikan senar biola berbanding lurus dengan koefisien redamannya dan terdapat pergeseran frekuensi lebih rendah pada kenaikan amplitudo tarikan. Setelah itu, data disusun untuk disintesis menggunakan MATLAB agar menghasilkan simpangan sebagai fungsi waktu dan bunyi dari petikan dan gesekan senar biola. Pengolahan data lanjutan menggunakan software Microsoft Excel untuk menampilkan perbandingan koefisien redaman dan hasil sintesis., This study aims to analyze the periodic signal generated by the plucking and swiping violin strings. There are two stages in this research, namely the analysis stage and the sound synthesis stage for each violin string. The violin strings are plucked in several positions with a deviation of 1 mm to 5 mm. The data were analyzed using MATLAB software to obtain the attenuation coefficient, the deviation graph as a function of time, and the frequency spectrum of the sound generated. The results showed that the frequency of the plucked violin strings was directly proportional to the damping coefficient and there was a lower frequency shift as the amplitude of the pull increased. After that, the data was compiled to be synthesized using MATLAB in order to produce deviations as a function of time and sound from the plucking and friction of the violin strings. Advanced data processing using Microsoft Excel software to display the comparison of attenuation coefficients and synthesis results.
Keyword: detache, pizzicato, FFT, damping coefficient, violin strings

Judul: Sintesis Bunyi Senar Gitar yang Dipetik Secara Berurutan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sinyal periodik yang dihasilkan petikan senar gitar secara berurutan. Terdapat tiga tahapan pada penelitian ini yakni tahap analisis, tahap sintesis setiap senar gitar kemudian tahap sintesis bunyi senar gitar yang dipetik secara berurutan. Data dianalisis dengan software Microsoft Excel untuk mendapatkan koefisien redaman setiap senar. Kemudian, data yang diperoleh diolah untuk disintesis menggunakan MATLAB agar menghasilkan grafik simpangan sebagai fungsi waktu dan bunyi yang dinginkan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan frekuensi bunyi petikan senar gitar berbanding lurus dengan koefisien redamannya. Hal ini berlaku pada tiap senar dan setiap fret gitar. Setelah itu, data disusun untuk disintesis menggunakan MATLAB agar menghasilkan simpangan sebagai fungsi waktu dan bunyi dari senar gitar yang dipetik secara berurutan., This research aims to analyze the periodic signal generated sequentially from guitar strings. There are three stages in this research, namely the analysis stage, the synthesis stage of each guitar string, then the synthesis stage of the sound of the plucked guitar strings sequentially. Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel software to obtain the damping coefficient for each string. Then, the data obtained is processed to be synthesized using MATLAB in order to produce a deviation graph as a function of time and desired sound. The results showed that the frequency of the sound of the guitar strings was directly proportional to the damping coefficient. This applies to every string and every fret of the guitar. After that, the data were compiled to be synthesized using MATLAB in order to produce a deviation as a function of time and sound of the guitar strings plucked sequentially.
Keyword: arpeggio, frequency, attenuation coefficient, guitar strings, periodic signal

Judul: Codiaeum Malesia
Abstrak: The Malesian genus Codiaeum has been revised based on the morphological character using available herbarium collections in Herbarium Bogor iense and loan specimens from Rijksherbarium Leiden. The study is based on the observation of 350 specimens. Eleven species have been recognized, namely Codiaeum variegatum, C. luzonicum, C. palawanense, C. trichocalyx, C. megalanthum, C. cilliatum, C. affine, C. tenerifolium dan C. hirsutum, C. macgregorii, C. ludovicianum. number of species is found in the Philippines The highest (8 species), Two species (C. tenerifolium and C. ludovicianum) endemic in Lousiade Archipelago of the New Guinea and C. affine endemic in Banguey Island. C. variegatum is widespread by nature or in cultivation almost in all of Malesian region. C. cillia tum is a species in the earliest level among the other species according to 20 selected characters.
Keyword: Codiaeum, Malesia