Judul: Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etil Asetat Teraktif Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) Menggunakan Uji Letalitas Larva Udang
Abstrak: Dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) is a medical herb commonly used as a traditional medicine as antimalarial and antidiabetic. This study was started with maceration of the dried leaves of dandang gendis with ethanol,and then partitioned using n-hexane. The ethanol extract free of nonpolar compounds was then partitioned with ethyl acetate. The ethanol crude extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were tested by using brine shrimp lethality test to determine the toxicity of each extract. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest activity with 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 32 mg/L. Re-extraction of ethanol extract free of nonpolar compounds by using ethyl acetate in 90 minutes by three times extraction with material:solvent ratio of 1:2 resulted LC50 value of 29.02 mg/L. Phytochemical assay results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of dandang gendis leaves contained saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. Re-extraction of ethyl acetate extract contained higher flavonoids than ethyl acetate extract from the first extraction.
Keyword: 

Judul: Optimisasi Ekstraksi Cair-Cair Fraksi Etanol Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans)
Abstrak: Dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) is a herb which contains antimalaria and larvacide bioactive compounds. In this study, the dried leaf powder was macerated with ethanol and then partitioned with n-hexane. The resulting ethanol extract was then partitioned again with ethyl acetate and this liquid-liquid extraction procedure was the subject of the optimization. Sample to solvent ratio (1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 (mL/mL), extraction temperature (30, 40, and 50 °C); and extraction repetition (1, 2, and 3 times) variations effect were studied. The bioactivity of the extracts were tested with brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT) using Artemia salina. The BSLT result of the 11th extract showed the optimum LC50 value (59.15 mg/L). This extract was obtained from the extraction procedure using 1:4 (mL/mL) sample to solvent ratio, 40 °C temperature, and 3 times repetition. From the Minitab 15 computation results were predicted that the optimum condition is achieved at 1:3.88 – 1:4.00 (mL/mL) sample to solvent ratio, 4.61 – 49.99 °C extraction temperature, and 3 times extraction repetition with LC50 170.19 mg/L. The phytochemistry test results showed that the 11th extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and steroids.
Keyword: 

Judul: Peranan Jasa Transportasi dalam  Menunjang Pembangunan Wilayah  Kaitannya dengan Pelaksanaan  Otonomi Daerah di Provinsi Papua  Khususnya Kabupaten Jayapura
Abstrak: Ketimpangan pembangunan yang terjadi selama Orde Baru telah memicu disintegrasi bangsa, salah satu daerah yang diisukan terancam disintegrasi sebagai akibat ketimpangan pembangunan pada reszim orde baru adalah Provinsi Papua, sehingga untuk meredam aspirasi disintgrasi, dimasa reformasi Provinsi Papua ditetapkan sebagai daerah yang menerima Otonomi Khusus. Dengan adanya otonomi khusus ini diharapkan pemerintah daerah lebih leluasa mengabil kebijakan yang disesuaikan dengan aspirasi dan prioritas permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat.
Keyword: