Judul: Evolution of Jakarta Bay waters based on sediment and foraminifera
Abstrak: Jakarta Bay is located in Special Region of Jakarta Province where the downstream of 13 rivers cut through the whole area of Jakarta. Jakarta Bay is cover approximately 514 km2. Based on the foraminifera characteristic as potential indicator for understanding both the recent and the ancient water environment. The aim of this research is to study vertically and horizontally ecological change that have had occurred in Jakarta Bay. The sampling of sediment samples in Jakarta Bay had been carried out using the Geomarine I. There are 25 collected samples location. The collected samples had been done in 1994 and had been storage in the cold storage in Cirebon. The sediment and microorganism observation and study has been carried out at Paleontology Laboratorium, Geological Technological Faculty of Padjadjaran University. Analitical of submarine core sample were included the description of sediment and indentification of benthic foraminifera. Analitical of Lost On Ignition (LOI) is a method to count organic material content and carbonate content in the sediment sample. The absolute dating for Holocen is based on radioactive (210Pb method) for sediment dating. Factorial Correspondence Analysis is for sediment group analysis and benthic foraminifera by using XLSTAT 2012 software. The result of sediment grain measurement analysis shows that sediment of Jakarta bay is consist of clay fraction (<0.004 mm) and shale (0.063-0.004 mm) based on grain measurement scale of Wenworth (1922). The result of Lost On Ignition analysis shows that carbonate and organic material content in the sediment change from time to time. Carbonate content in the sample is the opposite result with its organic material content. The dating from the core TJ-11 in the sediment layer 20- 22 cm was more than 173 years. Core TJ-21 in the sediment layer 30-32 cm was more 115 years. Core TJ -89 sediment layer less than 30-32 cm, which was more than 136 years. The study on Recent Benthic Foraminifera from the Jakarta Bay consist 177 species included 84 genera. The grouping based on shell: -Subordo Rotaliina was found 87 species included its 52 genera. -Subordo Miliolina was found 65 species included its 17 genera. -Subordo Textulariina was 25 species included its 15 genera. The result on Factorial Correspondence Analysis that the genus of benthic foraminifera with layers of depth shows the distribution pattern which is different in each layer of sample depth. The change of composition foraminifera genus can be seen in each layers has different genus composition. From here, it can be noticed the environment evolution that has been characterised by Benthic Foraminifera.
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Judul: Study on the Identification, Bioaccumulation and Exposure Assessment of Organic Contaminants in Jakarta Bay
Abstrak: The Jakarta Special City is known as the top ten megacities in the world with more than 10 Mio inhabitants, while including the suburb area of Jabodetabek Metropolitan Area (JMA) is listed as the 4th largest agglomeration after Guangzhou, Tokyo and Shanghai, with a population of ~30 million (OECD 2014, Demographia 2015). Tremendous development of JMA has implicated huge amount of waste, produced either from municipal sewage or industrial disposal. Due to inadequate infrastructure and poor management, at least 2,000 Ton/day (18 %) of solid waste in JMA are not properly collected and transported to the official landfills, while only 2 % of the households are connected to a centralized sewage treatment, 88 % population minimally treat the waste individually, whereas 10 % of them deliver their waste water directly in to the rivers, and thus potentially dumped through the 13 main rivers flowing to Jakarta Bay (BPLHD Jakarta 2012). Through bioaccumulation and biomagnification pathways, hydrophobic harmful contaminants will accumulate in the aquatic animals (fish and shellfish). Long term exposure of harmful contaminant over the threshold will consequently promote human health risk on the population. The objective of the present study was to determine persistent and emerging organic contaminants in water, sediment and biota (fish and shellfish) of Jakarta Bay and to link the contaminants to the main emission sources. Furthermore, study on the bioaccumulation profile was carried out to understand the fate of selected contaminants accumulate in different tropical seafood (fish and mussel). A non-target screening approach using gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC/MS) was employed in order to identify a wide range of organic contaminant in different compartments (sediment, water, seafood), instead of commonly targeted/specific approach. In order to estimate the exposure of selected harmful contaminants on the concerned population, seafood consumption rate was recorded through 152 respondents from 2 sub districts in North Jakarta, 1 district in Tangerang and 1 district in Seribu Island. In the same time, 14 seafood species were collected directly from the Jakarta Bay during the dry and wet seasons in 2012 and 2013 for the determination of organic contaminants. Output of the study was qualitative and quantitative characterization of organic contaminants, their distribution within the aquatic environment of Jakarta Bay and a source emission profile as well as the potential health risk on the concerned population. This study demonstrated the usefulness of a non-target GC/MS screening for assessing persistent and emerging organic contaminants in aquatic environment. Identification in sediment samples has revealed more than 60 organic compounds from the whole fractions either non-polar, semi-polar or acidic-polar compounds, more than 40 compounds in green mussels (Perna viridis), more than 30 substances in various fishes, and at least 15 contaminants in banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis). The substances comprised of persistent organic pollutants including dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane (DDT) and its metabolites (DDX) as well as high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containing 4 aromatic rings or more (HMW-PAHs). The majority of emerging contaminants detected in the..dst
Keyword: Organic contaminant, environmental pollution, bioaccumulation, exposure assessment, Jakarta Bay

Judul: Konstruksi aritmetika kurva eliptik F(2m) supersingular dan non-supersingular untuk skema kunci publik ElGamal
Abstrak: Algoritme ElGamal adalah salah satu algoritme kunci publik dengan aritmetik modular p yang mempunyai struktur grip siklik Z(p). Tingkat keanaman algoritme ini terletak pada pemecahan masalah logaritme diskret dari Z(p). Akan tetapi, tingkat keamanan tadi tahun ke tahun semakin menurun yang disebabkan kemampuan pemecahan algoritme diskret semakin meningkat. Untuk memenuhi tingkat keamanan yang memadai dibutuhkan p yang cukup besar yang menyebabkan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi menjadi lambat.
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