Judul: Peran Wanita Tani Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Untuk Meningkatkan Pendapatan Keluarga Di Desa Tamansari Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Hutan rakyat memainkan peran penting dalam kehidupan masyarakat desa. Pada pengelolaan hutan rakyat, wanita juga berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga, meringankan beban kepala keluarga dalam mencari nafkah, dan dapat meminimalisir kemiskinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pembagian peran berdasarkan gender dalam kegiatan produktif dan reproduktif keluarga petani hutan rakyat, menganalisis kontribusi pendapatan wanita terhadap total pendapatan keluarga, serta mengidentifikasi persepsi petani pria dan wanita mengenai pengelolaan hutan rakyat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Tamansari, Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor. Data diambil dengan melakukanwawancara terhadap 60 responden (30 pria dan 30 wanita) yang dipilih secara purposive. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa petani wanita memiliki peran dan kontribusi yang lebih rendah dalam kegiatan produktif dan pengambilan keputusan. Kontribusi wanita terhadap pendapatan keluarga rata-rata 30% dari total pendapatan keluarga. Meskipun kontribusi wanita tergolong rendah, namun tanpa kontribusi pendapatan dari wanita maka sekitar 67% rumah tangga petani hutan rakyat berada di bawah garis kemiskinan. Dengan adanya kontribusi wanita maka hanya 47% rumah tangga petani hutan rakyat yang berada di bawah garis kemiskinan., Community forests play an important role in the lives of rural communities. In the management of community forests, women also play an important role in increasing family income, alleviating the burden of the head of the family in earning a living, and can minimize poverty. This study aims to determine the division of roles based on gender in productive and reproductive activities in community forest farmers' families, to analyze the contribution of women to total family income, and to identify the perceptions of men and women farmers regarding the management of community forests. This study was conducted in Tamansari Village, Tamansari District, Bogor Regency. Data was collected using interviews with 60 farmers (30 men & 30 women) which were selected purposively.The research results show that female farmers have a lower role and contribution in productive activities and decision-making. Contribution of women to family income is about 30%. Although women contribution is relatively low, but without women's contribution, around 67% of community forest farmers' households are below the poverty line. While with the contribution of women, only 47% of community forest farmers' households are below the poverty line.
Keyword: hutan rakyat, peran wanita, produktif dan reproduktif, pendapatan rumah tangga, pengambilan keputusan

Judul: Gender Analysis in Community Forest Management and Its Contribution to Household Income in Nanggung District, Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Pengelolaan hutan yang melibatkan laki-laki dan perempuan akan memberikan manfaat yang besar dan mendukung tercapainya kesetaraan gender sebagai bagian dari perwujudan SDGs. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi pembagian kerja dan partisipasi perempuan dan laki-laki pada pengelolaan hutan rakyat, serta menganalisis kontribusinya terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara studi literatur dan wawancara. Responden berjumlah 30 rumah tangga petani hutan rakyat yang diambil dengan cara purposive sampling dan dikelompokan berdasarkan strata kepemilikan lahan. Suami memiliki curahan waktu kerja yang lebih besar dan berperan dominan dalam pengambilan keputusan kegiatan produktif hutan rakyat, masalah pasca produksi pengelolaan hutan rakyat, pengelolaan keuangan hutan rakyat, dan aktivitas sosial. Sedangkan istri memiliki curahan waktu kerja yang besar dan berperan dominan dalam pengambilan keputusan masalah domestik keluarga. Kontribusi pendapatan hutan rakyat terbesar diperoleh oleh rumah tangga pemilik lahan starta 1. Namun, usaha hutan rakyat berkontribusi paling kecil terhadap pendapatan total rumah tangga, sedangkan usaha di luar pertanian (dagang) yang umumnya dilakukan oleh perempuan berkontribusi paling besar terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga., Community forest management that involves men and women will provide enormous benefits and support the gender equality as part of the realization of the SDGs. This study aims to identify the division of labor and participation of women and men in community forest management, and to analyze their contribution to household income. Data were collected by means of literature studies and interviews. Respondents were 30 farmer households selected purposively and then grouped based on land ownership strata. Husbands have high amount of time spent working at community forest and play dominant role on the decision making for productive activities at community forest, as well as decision making on post-production , community forest financial management, and social activities. Meanwhile, the wife has high amount of time spent working on domestic activities and plays dominant role on the decision making of domestic family matters. The largest contribution of community forest income was found received by households with largest land ownership (> 1 ha) . However, community forest contributed the least to total household income, while non-farm activity (petty trading) which are generally carried out by women, has the highest income contribution to the households.
Keyword: community forest, decision making, gender, income, time allocation

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: