Judul: Karakteristik Teknik Pemanenan Buah Sawit dan Analisis Energi Potensial Tandan Buah Sawit
Abstrak: When harvested, falling palm fruit bunches have a considerable potential energy. But until now there is no technology to capture and utilize the potential energy. The purpose of this research were to study the engineering characteristics of oil palm fruit harvesting, to choose the best fruit bunches catchment platform material, and to analyze the potential energy of the falling fruit bunch when harvested. Observations and measurements were taken on manual palm harvesting in an oil palm plantation with four levels of fruit height of about 3 m, 8 m, 9 m and 15 m. There are four types of catchment platform material were tested, namely: steel plate, wood board, expanded steel plate and rubber sheet. Based on the measurement results, when harvesting, harvesters took a distance of about 1.5 to 3 m to the tree. Bunches fell at a distance between 0.6 m to 1.4 m from the tree. The rubber catchment platform was superior to the other materials in reducing the scattered loose fruits and bruised fruits. The weight of the fruit bunches were in ii the range of 16 kg to 32 kg. The average potential energy at the height of the fruit of 3 m,8 m, 9 m, and 15 m were 0.6 kJ, 1.7 kJ, 2.0 kJ, and 3.6 kJ, respectively.
Keyword: harvesting, engineering characteristic, potential energy, oil palm fruit, catchment platform material

Judul: Design of Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches Catchment Mechanism and Its Potential Energy Utilization
Abstrak: Pemanenan dan transportasi tandan buah segar kelapa sawit (TBS) merupakan kegiatan yang paling intensif dilakukan di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Secara umum, proses pemanenan dan evakuasi TBS dari dalam kebun menuju tempat pengumpulan hasil (TPH) masih dilakukan secara manual, dan menyisakan beberapa masalah. Beberapa masalah tersebut adalah terjadinya kerusakan fisik pada TBS yang cukup tinggi, dan masalah berondolan buah sawit yang tercecer saat pemanenan TBS. Kerusakan fisik yang terjadi pada TBS akan sangat mempengaruhi kualitas buah dan kualitas ekstraksi minyak sawit yang akan diproduksi. Sementara itu, waktu untuk mengumpulkan berondolan buah sawit yang tercecer adalah tidak sedikit sehingga akan menghambat kinerja dan kapasitas pemanenan. Dalam pemanenan kelapa sawit, tandan buah yang jatuh memiliki energi potensial yang cukup besar, yang dapat ditangkap dan digunakan sebagai daya penggerak angkong dalam mengevakuasi TBS. Sampai dengan saat ini belum ditemukan sebuah peralatan untuk menangkap TBS dan pada saat yang sama dapat menangkap dan memanfaatkan energi potensial dari tandan jatuh saat panen. Oleh sebab itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang mekanisme penangkap TBS, merancang mekanisme penyimpanan energi potensial jatuhnya TBS, merancang konsep pemanfaatan energi potensial jatuhnya TBS untuk menggerakkan roda gerobak dorong (angkong), serta mendapatkan data kinerja mesin yang telah dirancang., Harvesting and transportation of oil palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) is the most intensive activity performed in oil palm plantations. Generally, harvesting and evacuation of FFB are still done manually, and leaves many problems. The problems have not been resolved to date, in harvesting FFB manually are the occurrence of physical damage on FFB is quite high, and considerable number of fruitlets that are detached (separated from the bunch). Physical damage that occurred on FFB will greatly affect the quality of the fruit and the quality of the extraction of palm oil to be produced. Collecting back scattered loose fruits also very tiring and takes a long time, thus inhibiting the activity of harvesting and reduce the capacity of harvesting. In oil palm harvesting, falling fruit bunches have a considerable potential energy, which can be captured and used to power the wheelbarrow in evacuating the fruit bunches. However, to date, there is no equipment to capture the FFB and at the same time capture and utilize the potential energy of the falling bunches during harvest. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to design a FFB catchment mechanism, to design the utilization of potential energy of falling FFB mechanisms, to design the concept of utilization of potential energy of falling FFB to drive the wheelbarrow, and to obtain performance data of machine that has been designed.
Keyword: catchment mechanism, harvesting, oil palm, potential energy, wheelbarrow

Judul: Balantidiosis disentri dalam zoonosis
Abstrak: Balantiosis merupakan suatu penyakit pada manusia dan ababi yang disebabkan oleh Balantidium coli. Penyakit ini pertama kali diamati oleh Kalmsten pada tahun 1857 pada pasien yang mendrita diare, sedang balantidiosis pada babi pertama kali dilaporkan oleh Leukart pada tahun 1862. Parasit ini merupakan protozoa terbesar yang berada pada usus manusia dan babi dan salah satu Giliata yang patogen.
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