Judul: Ekstraksi DNA Rongga Mulut Secara Cepat dan Mudah untuk Deferensiasi Alel fto.
Abstrak: Sel epitel rongga mulut yang diperoleh dari sampel mouthwash memiliki konsentrasi DNA yang lebih besar dibandingkan metode lainnya. Laporan ini merupakan hasil penelitian metode isolasi DNA dari sel rongga mulut yang bersifat tidak invasive dan lebih singkat. Sampel mouthwash diperoleh dari 37 orang dewasa dengan rentang usia 19-25 tahun. Dua metode berbeda yakni QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit dan fenol-klorofom dibandingkan kemampuannya dalam memproses sampel mouthwash. Selanjutnya hasil analisis dari sampel mouthwash dikonfirmasi dengan hasil yang berasal dari sampel darah dan keduanya memiliki hasil yang sama. Setelah disimpan selama tujuh hari, sampel masih dapat dianalisis. Sehingga metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berpotensi untuk keperluan studi gen fto di masa yang akan datang dengan beberapa keuntungan yakni prosedur yang tidak invasive dan waktu pemrosesan yang lebih singkat.
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Judul: Optimalisasi hasil ekstraksi dna dari darah segar sapi menggunakan high salt method dengan perbandingan darah dan lisis buffer pada kecepatan sentrifugasi berbeda
Abstrak: Deoxyribonucleic acid is genetic materials that inherited from one generation to next generation. DNA can be obtained from all body parts of animal, such as tissue and blood. Blood is one of DNA sources that is usually used because of its simple collection. There are several methods to extract DNA, one of which is a high salt method that used in this experiment. The aim of this experiment was to determine the optimal combination of whole blood and buffer lysis ratio at different centrifugation speed (rpm) to obtain optimal DNA products with high quality. Fresh whole blood of Friesian Holstein (FH) dairy cattle was collected by using a vacuum tube containing 15% EDTA with a 18G needle to suck the blood from tail vena with amount of ± 9 ml per head. The whole blood was collected from four FH cows. A 3x2 factorial completely random design was used in this experiment. The first factor was three combinations of whole blood and buffer lysis volume (ml), which was 1:2, 1:1, and 2:1. The second factor was centrifugation speed, i.e. 2,500 rpm and 3,500 rpm. Therefore, there were six combination treatments with four replications of each combination treatment. Data of DNA concentration and purity was observed from Genequant DNA calculator at 260 Å and 280 Å wave length. The quality of DNA was obtained from running DNA through electrophorosis of 0.8% gel agarose and electricity flow of 100 voltages for an hour. The DNA concentration and purity were analyzed by ANOVA. The differences among treatments were tested by Tukey test at = 0.05. The result showed that there was no significant effect of whole blood and buffer lysis combination on DNA concentration and purity. Centrifugation speed had a significant effect on DNA concentration (P<0.05) but did not affect their purity. DNA quality was good because it had a single band. Keywords: blood, DNA, centrifugation speed, lysis buffer, high salt method, cow
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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