Judul: Effects of Certified Seed Use on Technical Efficiency of Sugarcane Farming in East Java Province
Abstrak: Food and Agriculture Organization mencatat produksi dan luas tanam tebu Indonesia dari tahun 1961 sampai tahun 2022 menunjukkan tren yang meningkat, namun tidak dengan produktivitas tebu. Produktivitas tebu yang menurun disebabkan oleh penerapan GAP yang belum tepat di tingkat petani. Salah satu cara untuk mendorong tingkat produktivitas tebu adalah dengan meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani yaitu melalui upaya intensifikasi lahan. Meningkatkan efisiensi usahatani dengan menggunakan input berkualitas seperti benih bersertifikat adalah pilihan terbaik dalam mendukung upaya intensifikasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor yang memengaruhi produksi tebu, mengukur tingkat efisiensi teknis, dan menganalisis dampak penggunaan benih bersertifikat terhadap efisiensi teknis usahatani tebu di Provinsi Jawa Timur. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder hasil sensus rumah tangga usaha perkebunan tahun 2013 milik Badan Pusat Statistik, melibatkan 1.723 petani tebu terdiri dari 457 petani yang menggunakan benih bersertifikat dan 1.266 petani yang tidak menggunakan benih bersertifikat. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah stochastic frontier analysis, regresi logistik, dan propensity score matching. Temuan ini menunjukkan input lahan, tenaga kerja, pupuk N, dan pupuk K berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi tebu, baik yang menggunakan benih bersertifikat maupun yang tidak menggunakan benih bersertifikat. Perbedaan terdapat pada faktor input benih yang berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap produksi tebu menggunakan benih bersertifikat. Mayoritas usahatani tebu di Jawa Timur telah efisien secara teknis. Faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan petani tebu dalam memilih jenis benih adalah usia, tanggungan keluarga, status lahan, jenis lahan, keanggotaan koperasi, kemitraan, penyuluhan, dan sumber modal. Setelah dilakukan pencocokan dengan metode nearest-neighbor matching terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara rata-rata efisiensi teknis usahatani tebu yang menggunakan benih bersertifikat dan usahatani tebu yang tidak menggunakan benih bersertifikat dengan tingkat efisiensi masing-masing sebesar 88,60% dan 84,80%. Petani disarankan untuk mengoptimalkan penggunaan input yang signifikan memengaruhi produksi tebu dengan menerapkan GAP budidaya tebu sesuai dengan Peraturan Menteri Pertanian Republik Indonesia No. 53/Permentan/KB.110/2015. Petani tebu disarankan untuk menggunakan benih bersertifikat karena terbukti secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan efisiensi teknis usahatani tebu. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk mendorong penggunaan benih bersertifikat adalah menargetkan petani muda, petani dengan kepemilikan modal finansial cukup, memberi kemudahan akses dan hak atas kepemilikan lahan, menghimbau pengelolaan usahatani tebu di lahan kering. Selain itu, lembaga koperasi dan kemitraan dihimbau untuk dapat memfasilitasi kemudahan akses benih bersertifikat dan penyuluhan terkait teknik budidaya tebu sesuai dengan GAP kepada petani., Food and Agriculture Organization noted that Indonesia's sugarcane production and planted area from 1961 to 2022 showed an increasing trend, but not sugarcane productivity. The declining productivity of sugarcane is caused by the inappropriate application of good agricultural practices at the farm level. One way to boost the level of sugarcane productivity is to increase farming efficiency through land intensification efforts. Improving farm efficiency by using quality inputs such as certified seeds is the best option in supporting intensification efforts. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect sugarcane production, measure the level of technical efficiency, and analyze the impact of using certified seeds on the technical efficiency of sugarcane farming in East Java Province. This study uses secondary data from the 2013 census of plantation business households owned by the Badan
Keyword: stochastic frontier analysis, sugarcane, technical efficiency, certified seed

Judul: Efisiensi Teknis Produksi Usahatani Tebu Jawa – Luar  Jawa: Pendekatan Stochastic Frontier Analysis
Abstrak: Sugar cane is the main ingredient in the production of sugar which is consumed by the majority of Indonesian people. This commodity has a vital role in various aspects such as economic, social, and political. In providing the need for sugar, there needs to be good planning so that various upheavals do not occur. Sugarcane production produced by farmers for a decade has significantly increased to reach an average growth of 0.84 percent. Meanwhile, the sugarcane harvested area, which is the main factor in production, has dramatically decreased with an average growth of -0.05 percent since 2012. The decreasing harvested area is a concern in maintaining Indonesia's sugarcane production. However, the Sugar Factory (PG) requires a large harvest area for sugar production, accounting for 20 thousand ha to produce 10 thousand tons of sugar per day, thus causing a critical concern in population growth. In increasing production with continuously decreasing land conditions, it is necessary to use the Intensification method. The island of Java is dominating sugarcane production in Indonesia, which in the long term, it will no longer be able to contribute to production due to the conversion of agricultural land to non agricultural use and the level of technical efficiency in the current sugarcane farming production which has been almost well-developed. This condition is an alternative for the development of more agricultural areas outside Java Island. There are 10 provinces outside Java, namely Lampung, South Sumatra, Aceh, West Nusa Tenggara, Gorontalo, East Nusa Tenggara, North Sumatra, Bali, South Sulawesi and Southeast Sulawesi and 4 provinces in Java, namely East Java, Central Java, West Java, and DI Yogyakarta which have become targeted areas for the development of sugar cane based on PERMENTAN NO. 18 of 2018. This study aims to analyze and discuss the level of technical efficiency of sugar cane farming in Java and outside Java. The performance of sugarcane farmers in Java - Outside Java is seen from the level of technical efficiency which can indirectly describe the performance of sugarcane farmers in the development of sugarcane areas. The data used in this study is secondary data in the form of cross sections. The research data comes from the results of the 2014 Sugar Cane Business Household Survey which is part of the results of the 2013 Central Statistics Agency Agricultural Census with code ST2013-SKB.S. The research data were analyzed using a technical inefficiency model on the Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function to see the characteristic and socioeconomic factors that influence inefficiency. Based on the research results in achieving maximum output, land, seeds with nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, and labor have a significant effect on Java Island, whereas the harvest area, seeds, and fertilizer elements of phosphorus become crucial factors outside Java Island. Among the variables concerned, land has the highest coefficient for Java Island. It shows that the increase in harvested area in Java is 4 times greater in producing production compared to outside Java. Increased harvested area is closely related to extensification. This is more likely to be done outside of Java. In this case,
Keyword: institution, stochastic frontier production function, sugarcane area, sugarcane farming, technical efficiency

Judul: Peluang Partikel Plasma Berada Pada Dimensi Debye Akibat Gangguan Gelombang Elektromagnetik dengan Menggunakan Persamaan Schrödinger
Abstrak: The solution of Schrodinger equations with plasma Coulomb potential in spherical coordinat results solution wave function and energy plasma particle. Electron probability density at Debye length with thermal effect same as ion, which indicates plasma in neutral state. Electromagnetic waves perturbation of an electric field given to result wave function perturbation system. The probability density of plasma particle due to electromagnetic waves perturbation is the largest when an electromagnetic waves frequency 1.41 times the plasma frequency .
Keyword: Schrödinger, plasma, electromagnetic wave