Judul: Evaluation of Heat Sufficiency and Development of Sterilization Work Instructions for Commertial Sterilized Beef Rendang at CV CPJ
Abstrak: Rendang merupakan makanan tradisional asal Sumatera Barat yang kaya akan rasa dikarenakan banyaknya penggunaan bumbu dan rempah dalam proses pengolahannya. Potensi rendang daging sebagai produk pangan siap konsumsi dengan umur simpan yang panjang dapat ditingkatkan dengan teknologi yang tepat. Proses sterilisasi merupakan aspek krusial dalam pengolahan rendang daging selain penggunaan kemasan retort pouch. Kecukupan panas selama proses sterilisasi menjadi indikator keamanan dari produk rendang daging steril komersial. Penelitian ini bertujuan menilai kecukupan panas dalam proses sterilisasi rendang daging di CV CPJ dan menyusun instruksi kerja sterilisasi. Penelitian terbagi menjadi empat tahap yaitu pembuatan rendang daging, pengujian kecukupan panas, pengolahan data dan penyusunan instruksi kerja sterilisasi. Hasil pengujian distribusi panas menunjukkan distribusi yang merata dalam panci presto. Berdasarkan uji penetrasi panas, waktu sterilisasi selama 100 menit pada suhu 112oC dengan nilai F0 terendah sebesar 9,58 menit telah memenuhi standar Peraturan BPOM No 27 tahun 2021. Hasil uji kecukupan panas digunakan sebagai acuan untuk membuat instruksi kerja sterilisasi dan juga dokumen pendaftaran Program Manajemen Risiko Keamanan Pangan (PMR).
Keyword: Beef rendang, commercial sterilization, heat distribution test, heat penetration test, work instructions

Judul: Evaluation of the adequacy of Commercial Sterillization Process for Beef Rendang Products Using Retort Pouch Packaging at UMK XYZ.
Abstrak: Produk steril komersial harus memberikan nilai F0 sekurang - kurangnya 3,0 menit pada suhu konstan 121,1oC (250oF) yang dihitung terhadap spora Clostridium botulinum. Nilai F0 akan digunakan sebagai pemenuhan salah satu syarat mendapatkan izin edar produk pangan. Berkaitan dengan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan uji kecukupan panas dari produk rendang sapi kemasan retort pouch yang diproses menggunakan panci presto, melakukan evaluasi sensori, dan penyusunan SOP proses sterilisasi rendang sapi. Pada saat magang dilakukan beberapa tahapan, yaitu uji distribusi panas, uji penetrasi panas, evaluasi sensori, dan penyusunan SOP. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa panci presto yang digunakan memiliki keseragaman suhu yang baik dengan CUT 34 menit, nilai F0 minimum dari produk rendang sapi sebesar 5,16 menit dengan waktu 120 menit dan suhu 109oC, dan mengetahui desain alternatif waktu proses menggunakan metode ball. Dari metode tersebut dengan suhu 108oC, 109oC, 110oC dihitung nilai F0 (menit) 4; 4,5; 5; dan 5,16. Penerapan SOP menghasilkan kualitas produk yang lebih seragam, serta mampu menurunkan jumlah kebocoran produk ketika proses pengemasan dan sterilisasi. Hasil uji sensori hedonik secara overall memiliki rerata bernilai 5,9 (suka)., Commercial sterile products must provide an F0 value of at least 3,0 minutes at a constant temperature of 121,1 oC (250o F) calculated against Clostridium botulinum spores. The F0 value will be used as a fulfillment of one of the requirements for obtaining a distribution permit for food products. In this regard, this study aims to test the adequacy of heat from beef rendang packaged in retort pouches, which are processed using a pressure cooker, followed by conducting sensory evaluation and preparing SOPs for the beef rendang sterilization process. During the internship, several stages were carried out, namely the heat distribution test, the heat penetration test, the sensory evaluation of the hedonic rating method, and the preparation of SOPs. The results of the study stated that the pressure cooker used had good temperature uniformity with a CUT of 34 minutes, the minimum F0 value of the beef rendang product was 5,16 minutes with duration 120 minutes and temperatures 109oC, and that alternative processing time designs could be found using the ball method. From this method, at temperatures of 108oC, 109oC, and 110oC, the values of F0 (minutes) were calculated: 4; 4,5; 5; and 5,16. The application of SOP results in a more uniform product quality and is able to reduce the amount of product leakage during the packaging and sterilization processes. The results of the hedonic sensory test as a whole have an average value of 5,9 (like)
Keyword: heat sufficiency test, sensory, SOP

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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