Judul: Kualitas Silase Ampas Rumput Laut dengan Penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum.
Abstrak: This research aimed to get quality of seaweed waste silage with lactid acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% ) as addition. This silage was fermented for 28 days. The research used Completely Randomize Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters of this research were the characteristic of physical (texture, colour, odor, and persentage of failure), characteristic of chemical (pH, Dry Mater (DM) loss, and water activity), lactic acid bacteria population, and nutrition content test. The result showed that the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum did not effect on characteristic physical and chemical seaweed waste silage. All treatments of seaweed waste silage had good physical and chemical quality. Over all, the results of seaweed silage with Lactobacillus plantarum as good as seaweed silages without Lactobacillus plantarum.
Keyword: Lactobacillus plantarum, Silage, Seaweed waste

Judul: Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Bacteria as Inoculum on Nutrien Content and Characteristics of Rice Straw Silage
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi galur bakteri asam laktat (BAL) yang sesuai untuk pembuatan silase jerami padi Varietas Sintanur dan mengevaluasi pengaruh BAL sebagai inokulum dan waktu ensilase untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase jerami padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pusat Riset Zoologi Terapan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN). Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial 3x4 (RAL). Faktor pertama adalah jenis inokulum (1%) dan faktor kedua adalah waktu fermentasi (7, 14, 28 dan 58 hari). Tahap pertama seleksi dilakukan dengan menapis 9 isolat Lactiplantibacillus plantarum berdasarkan kemampuan memproduksi asam (pH) dan jumlah kandungan asam laktatnya. Tahap kedua dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kurva pertumbuhan isolat terpilih sebagai inokulum silase jerami padi. Tahap ketiga adalah pengujian kualitas silase jerami padi dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, kandungan asam laktat, Water Soluble Carbohydrate (WSC), kandungan NH3-N, kandungan protein, kadar abu, kadar air dan berat bahan kering. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan jika terdapat pengaruh nyata perlakuan dilanjutkan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Galur bakteri asam laktat yang terpilih L. plantarum 1A2 dan 098 menunjukkan hasil interaksi yang signifikan (p<0,05) antar perlakuan inokulum dan waktu inkubasi. Tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara faktor inokulum dan lama fermentasi pada kadar abu dan kadar air. Nilai pH, kandungan asam laktat, WSC, kandungan NH3-N kandungan protein dan bahan kering berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dipengaruhi oleh inokulum dan lama fermentasi silase jerami padi. Inokulum L. plantarum 098 meningkatkan kadar protein kasar, asam laktat dan NH3-N dalam silase jerami padi dan menurunkan pH sehingga meningkatkan kualitas fermentasi pada silase., This study aimed to evaluate the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that are suitable for producing rice straw silage Sintanur variety and the effect of LAB as an inoculum and ensilage days to improve the quality of silage. The experiment was conducted at the Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). This experiment was designed using a 3×4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was inoculums (1%) and the second factor was the incubation time (7, 14, 28 and 58 days). Selection of microbes that can produce acid (pH) from 9 inoculums of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum bacteria, two stains of lactic acid bacteria 1A2 and 098 were added to the 150 g rice straw. The parameters observed included the production of pH, lactic acid, WSC, and NH3-N well as the proximate analyze crude protein, ash, dry matter, and water contents. The data were analyzed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant effect the data were further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed significant interactions (p<0.05) compared with treating inoculant and ensiling days. The inoculant and ensiling days, however, had no interaction effect on ash and water content. The fermentation time influenced (p<0.05) the production of quality silage. pH, lactic acid, WSC, NH3-N, and crude protein significant interactions (p<0.05). In conclusion, Inoculant 098 increased the crude protein, lactic acid, and NH3-N in rice straw silage and decreased the pH improving the fermentation quality. Keywords: fermentation, rice straw silage, inoculant, lactic acid bacteria
Keyword: fermentation, rice straw silage, inoculant, lactic acid bacteria

Judul: igenvalues and Eigenvectors of Tridiagonal Matrix with Non Constant and Recurrent Diagonal Entries.
Abstrak: Matriks tridiagonal adalah suatu matriks yang mempunyai entri-entri bernilai nol kecuali pada diagonal utama, di bawah diagonal utama (subdiagonal) dan di atas diagonal utama (superdiagonal). Entri pada diagonal utama tidak konstan dan berulang. Setiap entri pada matriks tridiagonal ini adalah bilangan kompleks. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan dibuktikan 3 teorema untuk menentukan nilai eigen dengan 2 kasus dan 1 teorema untuk menentukan vektor eigen. Teorema pertama menentukan polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal. Polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan nilai eigen pada teorema kedua dan ketiga serta menentukan vektor eigen pada teorema keempat
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