Judul: Kualitas batu bata dengan penambahan isi rumen
Abstrak: Salah satu limbah rumah pemotongan hewan adalah isi rumen. Isi rumen dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai campuran bahan pembuat batu bata. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kualitas fisikbatu bata dari limbah isi rumen dengan perlakuan variasi penambahan isi rumen. Hasil menunjukan batu bata memiliki kuat tekan sebesar 29.23-97.95 kgf cm-2, penyusutan volume setelah pembakaran sebesar 30.90%-33.33%, dan porositas sebesar 23.02%-25.20%. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukan bahwa penambahan isi rumen memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap kuat tekan batu bata. Analisis ragam dan uji banding berganda Duncan menunjukan bahwa batu bata memiliki kualitas terbaik dan paling efisien adalah batu bata yang terbuat dari limbah isi rumen dengan taraf penambahan rumen sebesar 10%. Batu bata tanpa penambahan isi rumen masih lebih baik dibandingkan batu bata dengan penambahan isi rumen.
Keyword: isi rumen, kualitas batu bata, limbah rumah pemotongan hewan

Judul: Kualitas Fisik Batu Bata dari Kotoran Sapi dengan Perlakuan yang Berbeda.
Abstrak: Batu bata merupakan unsur yang digunakan dalam pembuatan konstruksi bangunan dan terbuat dari tanah liat dan air dengan atau tanpa campuran bahan lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perbedaan batu bata yang terbuat dari campuran bahan baku kotoran sapi, dari sapi yang hanya memakan hijauan dan yang memakan hijauan dan konsentrat serta mengamati porositas, dan kekuatan tekan batu bata. Pembuatan batu bata menggunakan rasio 80% kotoran sapi dan tanah liat 20%. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dan di analisis menggunakan aplikasi SAS. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa kuat tekan pada batu bata yang terbuat dari kotoran sapi tidak kuat dibandingkan dengan batu bata normal, dan batu bata yang terbuat dari kotoran sapi mempunyai porositas yang tinggi sehingga lebih rapuh dibandingkan dengan batu bata normal. Batu bata yang terbuat dari kotoran sapi mempunyai kualitas yang rendah dibandingkan dengan batu bata normal
Keyword: batu bata, limbah ternak, RAL

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite