Judul: Durability of Biologically Active Influenza and Covid-19 Specific Immunoglobulin Y Inserted in Handcream
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan imunoglobulin (Ig) Y spesifik dalam sediaan kosmetik merupakan salah satu upaya pencegahan infeksi virus yang dapat dikembangkan. Penelitian ini mempelajari ketahanan aktivitas biologis IgY spesifik influenza dan COVID-19 dalam handcream sebagai pencegahan infeksi virus. Konsentrasi IgY yang digunakan adalah 0,1% dan 0,25%, dengan tiga perlakuan: kontrol (K), handcream dengan 0,1% IgY (P1), dan handcream dengan 0,25% IgY (P2). Produk disimpan pada suhu ruang selama 5 minggu dan dilakukan duplo. Pengamatan organoleptik dilakukan dengan melihat perubahan aroma, warna, dan konsistensi. Peneliatian ini mengevaluasi aktivitas IgY dalam handcream menggunakan ELISA dan uji netralisasi. Pengamatan organoleptik menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan pada K dan P1, tetapi terjadi perubahan aroma pada P2 mulai minggu ke-2 dan perubahan konsistensi pada minggu ke-5. Hasil uji ELISA terhadap influenza A, influenza B, dan SARS-CoV-2 sebagian besar menunjukkan hasil negatif atau dubius pada kedua perlakuan, sementara uji netralisasi menunjukkan penghambatan pada sampel P1 sepanjang 5 minggu pengamatan dan pada minggu pertama untuk P2. Meskipun stabilitas IgY belum optimal pada suhu ruang, uji netralisasi menunjukkan potensi IgY spesifik sebagai bahan aktif antiviral dalam kosmetik. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengoptimalkan stabilitas dan efektivitasnya., The utilization of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)Y in cosmetic preparations is one of the efforts to prevent viral infections that can be developed. This research studies the durability of influenza-specific IgY and COVID-19 in handcream for preventing viral infections. The IgY concentrations used were 0.1% and 0.25%, with three treatments: control (K), handcream with 0.1% IgY (P1), handcream with 0.25% IgY (P2), and all done in duplicates. Organoleptic observations were made by looking at changes in aroma, color, and consistency. The study evaluated IgY activity in the handcream using ELISA and neutralization test. After 5 weeks of storage at room temperature, organoleptic observations showed no change in K and P1, but aroma changes were noted in P2 from week 2 and consistency from week 5. ELISA test results against influenza A, influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 mostly showed negative or dubious results in both treatments. The neutralization test showed inhibition in P1 throughout the 5 weeks and in the first week for P2. Although IgY stability at room temperature is suboptimal, it holds potential as an antiviral ingredient in cosmetics. Further research is needed to optimize its stability and effectiveness.
Keyword: antibody, covid-19, handcream, immunoglobulin Y, influenza

Judul: Biological Activity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Specifically Infuenza and SARS-CoV-2 in Face Mist
Abstrak: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut atau ISPA adalah penyakit yang dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi virus influenza atau corona. Pencegahan infeksi virus dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan sediaan imunoglobulin (Ig) Y spesifik dalam sediaan kosmetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas biologis IgY spesifik influenza dan SARS-CoV-2 yang dicampurkan dalam face mist secara in vitro. Komposisi face mist adalah rose hydrosol, akuades, glycerin, dan leucidal yang disimpan pada suhu ruang selama 5 minggu. Konsentrasi IgY didalam face mist sebesar 0.25% (P1) dan 0.5% (P2) (b/v) yang dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (KN, face mist tanpa IgY) serta kontrol positif (KP, akuades dengan 0.5% IgY). Pengamatan organoleptik dilakukan dengan mengamati perubahan aroma, warna, dan kekeruhan. Aktivitas biologis IgY spesifik diuji dengan Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) dan Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE), serta uji antiviral terhadap virus Avian Influenza. Hasil pengamatan organoleptik menunjukkan adanya perubahan aroma, warna, dan kekeruhan pada KP dan P2 mulai dari minggu ke-1, sedangkan pada KN tidak terjadi perubahan selama masa observasi. Hasil ELISA spesifik influenza A menunjukkan hasil positif pada sampel KP dan P2, sedangkan KN menunjukkan hasil negatif. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan adanya pita protein fragmen heavy chain, light chain, dan fragmen Fab dari IgY pada KP dan P2. Berdasarkan hasil ELISA dan SDS-PAGE, aktivitas biologis 0.5% IgY pada face mist terdeteksi dan bertahan selama 5 minggu pada suhu ruang. Hasil uji antiviral terhadap virus Avian Influenza menunjukkan bahwa kandungan 0.25% IgY pada face mist belum mampu menurunkan titer EID50 > 4 log, hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa face mist dengan konsentrasi IgY 0.25% belum optimal berperan sebagai antiviral., Acute respiratory infections (ARI) generally caused by viral infection such as influenza virus or coronavirus. Viral infections can be prevented by utilizing immunoglobulin Y in cosmetics. This study aims to evaluate the biological activity of influenza-specific IgY and SARS-CoV-2 mixed in face mist in vitro. The composition of the face mist is rose hydrosol, aquadest, glycerin, and leucidal, which is stored at room temperature for 5 weeks. The IgY concentration in the face mist was 0.25% (P1) and 0.5% (P2 (w/v) which was compared with the negative control (KN, face mist without IgY) and positive control (KP, distilled water with 0.5% IgY). Organoleptic observations were carried out by observing changes in aroma, color and turbidity. The biological activity of specific IgY was determined by Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) and Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate-Polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE), also an antiviral test against Avian Influenza virus. Organoleptic observations showed changes in aroma, color and turbidity in KP and P2 starting at week 1, whereas no changes observed in KN. The results of the influenza A specific ELISA showed positive results in samples KP and P2, whilst KN showed negative results. SDS-PAGE results showed the presence of IgY heavy chain, light chain and Fab fragment protein bands in KP and P2 samples, while no protein band detected in KN. Based on ELISA and SDS-PAGE results, the biological activity of 0.5% IgY in the face mist was detected and persisted for 5 weeks at room temperature. The results of antiviral test against the Avian Influenza virus showed that the 0.25% IgY in the face mist was not able to
Keyword: biological activity, face mist, immunoglobulin Y, influenza, SARS-CoV-2

Judul: Penyelesaian Stacker Crane Problem dengan Algoritme Largearcs dan Smallarcs
Abstrak: In graph theory, the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) aims to determine the shortest route with minimum cost, in which only certain edges or arcs are necessarily traversed. One type of RPP is Stacker Crane Problem (SCP) which deals with a mixed graph but only arcs are necessarily traversed. SCP can be solved by using two heuristic algorithms, i.e. Largearcs and Smallarcs algorithms, which include other algorithms in their steps, such as: Dijkstra algorithm to determine shortest route, Hungaria method to determine minimum bipartite matching, Prim algorithm to determine minimum spanning tree, and van Aardenne-Ehrenfest & de-Bruijn algorithm and Fleury algorithm to determine Euler circuits. The shortest Euler circuit resulted from two heuristic algorithms can be used to find a solution of SCP. The application of SCP is illustrated in establishing the minimum distance route of catering delivery.
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