Judul: Impact of fishing on ecosystem: structure and trophic level of the fish catch in Southeast Maluku Water
Abstrak: Fishing has a direct and indirect impact on coastal and marine ecosystems. The fishing activity has been intensively conducted in the Southeast Maluku district and potentially impact the fish resources negatively. Fishermen generally catch fish using gill nets, lift net and hook line. This study aims to analyze the impact of fishing on ecosystem structure and trophic level of the catch by each fishing gear. An experimental fishing was conducted for the sampling strategy by means of fishing operations using gill net, lift net and hook line. Data were analyses for parameters of feeding habits, length-weight relationships, and trophic level of the catch. The results showed that trophic level of fish taken by lift net and gill net ranged from 2.9 to 3.7 which grouped as TL3, dominated by species of omnivorous feeding habit (zooplankton). The gill net has dominantly caught the group of fish at trophic level 5 (4.0 – 4.5). The average total length of the dominant fish targets were D.Russeli (18.2 ± 12.5 cm), Sardinella longiceps (19.8 ± 13.3 cm), S.crumenopthalmus (21.9 ± 14.2 cm), Lethrinus lentjan (20.1 ± 13.3 cm) and Upeneus mulocensis (21.9 ± 14.2 cm). For the average weight of the main catches were D. Russeli (90 ± 35 g), Sardinella longiceps (81 ± 28 g), S.crumenopthalmus (89 ± 40 g), Lethrinus lentjan (92 ± 28 g) and Upeneus mulocensis (90 ± 30 g). The catch by lift net, gill net and hook line indicates unbalance exploitation of the natural food chain. TL groups 3 and 5 was more dominantly exploited. It is theoretically potentially impacting the ecological balance of fish resources in these habitats. Furthermore, the lift net and gill net have greater impact on sustainability of fish resources than hook line due to both the earlier dominantly exploited unallowable catch sizes (juvenile) of the fish target.
Keyword: Fishing impact, trophic level of catch, feeding habits, Southeast Maluku

Judul: Pengaruh Penangkapan Ikan terhadap Komposisi Tingkat Trofik (Trophic Level) di Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Trophic level is a structure of organism in food chain. The using both selective or non selective fishing gears has potential effects on the food chain. Thus, the important question is whether the caught at a certain trophic level relate to the used fishing gears. The study aimed: (1) to describe the status of fisheries in Seribu Islands; (2) to determine the composition of caught based on fishing gear types; and (3) to identify the potential impacts on ecosystem. The result of this study showed that the major fishing gears in Seribu Islands were seine net, muroami, gill net, hook and line as well as „bubu tambun‟ (trap). Most of the catch in the study area were redbelly yellowtail fusilier and goldlined spinefoot; the average length were 19 ± 4,0 cm and 22,4 ± 1,5 cm respectively. Further more, the average weight were redbelly yellowtail fusilier (110,6 ± 103,7 gr) and goldlined spinefoot (163,6 ± 58,5 gr). Majority, trophic level of catch was carnivores which prey the smaller fish and cephalopods (TL5: 4.0 – 4.5) e.g. frigate mackerel. This study has indicated that there was an impact of fishing on the ecosystem, particularly the balance of the food chain.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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