Judul: Regresi Kekar Penduga M, Penduga S, dan Penduga MM pada Analisis Regresi Berganda
Abstrak: In classical multiple regression, the ordinary least squares estimation is the best method if assumptions are met to obtain regression weights when analyzing data. However, if the data does not satisfy some of these assumptions, then sample estimates and results can be misleading. Therefore, statistical techniques that are able to cope with or to detect outlying observations have been developed. Robust regression is an important method for analyzing data that are contaminated with outliers. It can be used to detect outliers and to provide resistant results in the presence of outliers. The purpose of this study is compare robust regression M-estimation, S-estimation, and MM-estimation with ordinary least square methods via simulation study. The simulation study is used in determine which methods best in all of the linear regression scenarios.
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Judul: Kajian Pemodelan Regresi Kekar Menggunakan Metode Penduga-MM dan Kuadrat Median Terkecil
Abstrak: Regresi merupakan metode statistika yang digunakan untuk menduga pola hubungan dua peubah atau lebih yang disajikan dalam persamaan garis regresi. Persamaan garis ini umumnya diperoleh dari pendugaan menggunakan metode kuadrat terkecil (MKT). Namun demikian, MKT memiliki keterbatasan yaitu sangat dipengaruhi pencilan. Salah satu penyelesaian masalah pencilan pada analisis regresi adalah menggunakan metode regresi kekar. Penelitian ini menggunakan regresi kekar median kuadrat terkecil atau LMS dan multi-stage method (MM). Analisis dilakukan terhadap data simulasi hasil pembangkitan dan data aktual. Simulasi analisis regresi menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa metode LMS maupun MM memiliki kinerja lebih baik dibandingkan dengan MKT pada data yang mengandung pencilan. Metode MM memiliki rata-rata nilai bias pendugaan parameter terkecil, diikuti oleh LMS kemudian MKT. Metode LMS memiliki ratarata nilai root mean squares error (RMSE) terkecil dan rata-rata 𝑅������2 tertinggi, diikuti oleh MM kemudian MKT. Hasil perbandingan analisis regresi ketiga metode tersebut pada data produksi padi Indonesia tahun 2017 yang mengandung 10% pencilan diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa metode LMS merupakan metode terbaik. Metode LMS menghasilkan RMSE terkecil yaitu sebesar 4.44 dan 𝑅������2 tertinggi yaitu sebesar 98%. Metode MM berada pada posisi kedua terbaik dengan RMSE 6.78 dan 𝑅������2 96%. MKT menghasilkan RMSE terbesar dan 𝑅������2 terendah yaitu berturut-turut sebesar 23.15 dan 58%.
Keyword: least median of squares,, encilan, regresi kekar, root mean squares error

Judul: Application of phycocyanin from microalgae Spirulina platensis as light harvesting in anatase TiO2 nanoparticle solar cell.
Abstrak: The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been assemblied used hybrid titanium oxide (TiO2) film/phycocyanin. The TiO2 film was synthesized by sol gel method with titanium chlorida (TiCl4) as precursor by hydrolysis used sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Furthermore, it calcinated for 2,5 hours in variation of annealing temperature (400oC, 600oC, 800oC, dan 1000oC). In XRD patterns exhibited which annealing temperature at 400oC to 800oC were anatase phase all. When annealed at temperature 1000oC, it caused phase transformation from anatase to rutile. The crystals size according to XRD patterns were 13,75 nm, 20,79 nm, 25,25 nm, 48,88 nm and particle size from SEM images were 43,06 nm, 44,91 nm dan 64,99 nm, 80,40 nm, respectively. The crystals and particle size increased with annealing temperature. The film thickness influenced material absorption. The optical measurement of TiO2 film and TiO2/phycocyanin hybrid film used UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Additional phycocyanin caused peak width of absorbed region from ultraviolet to visible region. The band gap energy of TiO2 can be calculated using the cut off wavelength obtained from the absorbance spectrum of a nanoparticles TiO2 films. Based on intersection between linear and energy (hv) axis. In this study just limited for anatase phase. It was caused anatase band gap is wider than rutile phase. That’s meaningful for solar cell application such as dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The absorption coefficient average at difference annealing temperature such as at 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 8,1600x102, 1,7535x103 and 4,0154x102, where α < 104 include to direct transition. Band gap energy 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 3,79 eV, 3,59 eV, and 3,35 eV, respectively. Based on this result, exhibition that band gap energy of TiO2 semiconductor film decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Spirulina platensis was cultivated in technical modification (Hastuti) with aeration under light intensity about 3000 lux. The cell density (stationer phase) for eighth day which OD value was more than 0,5. It means, the culture can be harvested. In 80 liters Spirulina platensis culture have been produced biomass dry about 10,46 gram and extracted phycocyanin in dry powders was 5,50 gram. The phycocyanin absorption spectrum at the wavelength of 619,36 nm (visible region) which had relaxation energy was 2,945 eV. The emission peak at the wavelength of 708,55 nm with relaxation energy about 2,793 eV. The Stokes shift based on difference energy absorption and emission calculated about 0,152 eV. Both of this showed phycocyanin can absorbed and radiated the sun light which received. This choice characteristic pigment was a good one related to sensitizer in solar cell application. Integration between light harvesting protein and TiO2 semiconductor surface had important role in improving of output as solar cell materials. The presence of carboxylate group (-COOH) made pigment be more efficient was due to anchored to the surface of TiO2 ampoter. The phycocyanin pigment had carboxylate group which reacted with TiO2 surface formed ester. The carboxylate group increased of dye electronics couple from excited state (p anti bonding orbital) to semiconductor acceptor state (TiO2 conduction band). The samples which made based on annealing temperature variation formed be solar cell respectively. Furthermore, cells be assembled for
Keyword: anatase, dye sensitized solar cell, efficiency, gap energy, phycocyanin