Judul: Dampak kebijakan fiskal daerah terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia pada masa desentralisasi fiskal
Abstrak: Local government spending has been increasing from year to year during decentralization era, which the largest proportion derives from central government. Nevertheles, the economic performance, mainly poverty decrease very slowly, far from the government target in 2009. Therefore, this research has aim 1) to determine the dynamic of local fiscal, output and poverty, 2) to determine factors that affect fiscal policy, output and poverty, 3) to analyze the impact of fiscal policy on output and poverty. This study uses simultaneous equations model (SEM) to identify the factors that affect local government revenues and spending and their impact on fiscal and economic performance of regions. The result shows that government revenue is affected by GDRP, fiscal gap, and population. Government spending is affected by GDRP, revenue, and spending the previous year. Increased government revenues and spending has a positive impact on economic performance and negatif impact on poverty. Combination of spending on education and health, and agriculture provides the greatest impact to decrease poverty.
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Judul: Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perekonomian di Indonesia
Abstrak: Fiscal decentralization policy started in 2001 was a “big bang” from a centralistic into decentralistic government. The decentralistic government focuses on triple track strategy which are pro growth, pro job and pro poor as its macroeconomic and sectoral development objectives. Based on the concepts and the implementations of the policy in Indonesia, the amount of transfers fund to region and the possibilities of increasing potential local revenue should have positive related to the effort to increase society wealth through economic growth by creating job creation and decrease poverty. This research using panel data regression analysis to describe the relation between fiscal decentralization with economic growth, poverty and unemployement rate. The research results show that the local finance performance (measured by fiscal decentralization degree and local finance independency ratio) is low. Just then, in the decentralization era the local-central government dependency is increase. The research also encounter that fiscal decentralization policy affects to the increasing of economic growth rate (in small amount), unemployment rate and poverty. The part of local government budget that have positive affect to the economic growth are revenue sharing, specific allocation funds, local tax revenue and local government corporation, while local retribution revenue has negative affect. Meanwhile, total government expenditure affects negatively to the poverty and open unemployment rate.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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