Judul: Reproduksi Ikan Layang (Decapterus macarellus Cuvier, 1833) di Perairan Selatan Jawa Bagian Barat (WPPNRI 573)
Abstrak: Status pemanfaatan ikan pelagis kecil, termasuk ikan layang, di perairan selatan Jawa bagian barat berada dalam tahap sepenuhnya dieksploitasi (fully exploited). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik reproduksi ikan layang (Decapterus macarellus) di perairan selatan Jawa bagian barat (WPPNRI 573). Sampel ikan diambil setiap bulan dari Juli sampai Desember 2022 dari tiga lokasi yang berbeda, yaitu Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Ciwaru, Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Palabuhanratu, dan Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) Binuangeun. Sampel ikan yang diperoleh berjumlah 1.000 ekor yang terdiri dari 544 ekor ikan jantan dan 456 ekor betina. Ikan layang di perairan selatan Jawa bagian barat ditangkap menggunakan pancing ulur, payang, dan jaring rampus dengan armada penangkapan berupa kapal fiber ukuran 3–10 GT. Nisbah kelamin ikan layang secara keseluruhan (TKG I–V) adalah tidak seimbang (1,19:1), sementara nisbah ikan TKG IV adalah seimbang (1,20:1). Potensi reproduksi ikan layang atau fekunditas berkisar antara 35.391–167.915 butir. Ukuran kali pertama matang gonad ikan layang jantan adalah 238 mm dan ikan betina 239,5 mm. Ikan layang betina dan jantan yang matang gonad ditemukan di selama penelitian. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa ikan layang dapat melakukan pemijahan dari Juli sampai Desember. Berdasarkan nilai sebaran IKG maka diduga puncak pemijahan ikan layang terjadi dari bulan Agustus sampai November dengan pola pemijahan serentak (total spawner).
Keyword: Ikan layang, perairan selatan Jawa bagian barat, pemijahan serentak

Judul: Biologi Reproduksi Ikan Layang (Decapterus Russelli Ruppell, 1830) Di Perairan Selat Sunda
Abstrak: Ikan layang (Decapterus russelli) merupakan salah satu ikan ekonomis penting di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji aspek biologi reproduksi ikan layang di perairan Selat Sunda. Penelitian dilakukan sejak April-Agustus 2015 di perairan Selat Sunda dengan menggunakan metode pengambilan contoh acak berlapis (PCAB). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan rasio kelamin ikan layang jantan dan betina yang diperoleh selama penelitian adalah 1,29:1. Ikan layang jantan lebih cepat mencapai matang gonad dibandingkan dengan ikan layang betina yakni 194 mm dan 196 mm (metode King) serta 194 mm dan 195 mm (Metode Spearman-Karber). Waktu pemijahan ikan layang terjadi pada bulan Mei–Agustus dengan puncak pemijahan pada bulan Juli dilihat berdasarkan besarnya nilai tingkat kematangan gonad dan indeks kematangan gonad pada bulan tersebut. Potensi reproduksi ikan layang tinggi yaitu sebesar 2330-117660 butir telur dengan pola pemijahan lebih dari satu kali (partial spawner) dengan ukuran diameter telur ikan layang berkisar antara 0,125-0,875 mm.
Keyword: Decapterus russelli, ikan layang, reproduksi, Selat Sunda.

Judul: Effectiveness of Microwave Oven against B. cereus to Reach Food Safety Objective in Cook-chill Foods
Abstrak: Cook-chill foods are meal that being cooked and then chilled quickly until further consumption. Usually before being consumed, the foods are reheated by the consumers to improve the organoleptic property and also to destroy bacteria. One of the things that need to be considered is that cook-chill foods that are originated from grains like rice or wheat are vulnerable to be contaminated by pathogen, especially Bacillus cereus. Another problem is that on the packaging of specific cook-chill food that being investigated, there is only instruction manual on how to reheat the food with 1800 W microwave oven. Microwave oven that is being used in household level is usually lower than 1000 W, so there is a possibility under-cooking may happen because there is no standardization on how to heat food with microwave on household level. The research was conducted in five steps, which were; (1) investigation of standard plate count and B. cereus count on two cook-chill foods (spaghetti bolognaise and black pepper chicken rice), (2) challenge test on those cook-chill foods to evaluate the growth of B. cereus on cook-chill food on 15oC, (3) challenge test to evaluate inactivation of vegetative cells and spores of B. cereus by microwave oven (850 watt and 410 watt), (4) to evaluate if FSO of those cook-chill foods could be achieved based on data gathered in the previous results, and (5) to study the effect of microwave oven and moist heat against leakages of nucleic acids and proteins of B. cereus. The results of this research were that microwave oven with 850 watt power could still reach food safety objective (FSO) when cook-chill foods were being reheated for the recommended time on the packagings (45 seconds for spaghetti bolognaise and 2 minutes for black pepper chicken rice), however when using 410 watt microwave oven, FSO could not be achieved. The mechanism of which why microwave oven could destroy vegetative cell and spores of B. cereus was also investigated. The result was that heat treatment using microwave oven differed when compared to moist heat since heat treatment using microwave oven caused leakages of nucleic acid and protein content of the vegetative cells and spores of B. cereusin much larger effect than moist heat.
Keyword: cook-chill foods, Bacillus cereus, microwave, rice, spaghetti, food safety objective