Judul: Dampak Kebijakan Kuota Perdagangan terhadap Penawaran dan Populasi Sapi serta Kesejahteraan Peternak di Provinsi Bali
Abstrak: Intertemporally, beef cattle interregional trade from Bali to Jakarta increase consistently. Unrestricted trade can decrease beef cattle population in Bali. To avoid the respective problem, the Government of Bali impose trade quota policy that limit the amount of beef cattle trade from Bali to Jakarta every year. Theoretically, the increasing of trade quota can improve supply and the farmers’s welfare, but excessive of trade quota will decrease beef cattle population, then farmer’s welfare will not be sustainable. The aims of this study are to analyze the factors that determine beef cattle supply and population in Bali. The study also analyze the impact of trade quota policy to beef catlle supply, population, and farmers’s welfare in Bali. In this study, beef cattle economic phenomenon was formulated as an econometric model, i.e. simultaneous equations. Two Stage Least Squares Method was used to estimate the parameter, and simulation procedure was employed to analyze the impact of trade quota policy. This study used time series data of 1980-2007. The study results indicate that there were interdependence among production, population, supply, and beef cattle price in Bali. Total beef cattle supply in Bali was influenced by beef cattle production and it’s price. The total beef cattle supply and beef cattle production influenced the beef cattle population in Bali. The trade quota policy caused the beef cattle supply from Bali to Jakarta was not affected significantly and not responsif to the beef cattle price in Jakarta. Besides that, beef cattle price in Bali was not responsif to beef cattle price in Jakarta. Based on the simulations, the increasing of trade quota will be able to increase beef cattle supply and farmers’s welfare, but deacreased the beef cattle population in Bali. However, if the increasing of trade quota was complemented with production development policy, the beef cattle supply, farmers’s welfare, and beef cattle population can be improved simultaneously.
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Judul: The impact of beef self-sufficiency policy on economic performance of livestock subsector in Indonesia
Abstrak: Beef cattle have a strategic role in the Indonesian economy. In addition to its contribution to GDP and employment in the livestock sub-sector, the beef is also one source of animal protein. Beef consumption tends to increase over time. However, the growth of domestic beef production is slower than the growth in consumption. This has led to the increasing import. In this regard, the government has set self-sufficiency policy to encourage the growth of beef cattle and beef production. This study is aimed to: 1) analyze the impact of beef self-sufficiency policies on national beef production and performance in livestock subsector, 2) evaluate the impact of beef self-sufficiency policies on producer and consumer welfare in Indonesia and foreign exchange savings, and 3) forecasting production and demand for beef within the framework of achieving beef self-sufficiency in Indonesia. This study used econometric model with simultaneous equations and utilized time series data from 1990 – 2011 periods. Based on order condition criteria, this model is over identified. Parameter estimation used Two Stages Least Squares method. Simulation results showed that technological improvements through increasing doses of Artificial Insemination (AI), increased breeder cattle imports, and the subsidies policy of interest rate on bank loans will encourage beef cattle production and domestic beef production as well as lower import feeder cattle and beef imports. Increased beef cattle production will encourage GDP and employment in the livestock subsector. Import restrictions policy on feeder cattle and beef will increase domestic beef production but reduce the population and beef cattle production, resulting in lower GDP and employment in the livestock subsector. Combination of policies in order to achieve beef self-sufficiency will increase the social welfare and save foreign exchange. Combination policies have not been able to achieve beef self-sufficiency in Indonesia in 2014. Indonesia is expected to achieve beef self-sufficiency in 2021. Gradually imports restrictions on feeder cattle and beef and was followed by an increase in technology and the provision of breeder cattle have positive impact on the beef industry and livestock sector and the achievement of beef self-sufficiency in Indonesia.
Keyword: beef, performance of livestock subsector, self-sufficiency, welfare

Judul: Sintesis Nanorod Seng Oksida (ZnO) dengan Metode Sonokimia
Abstrak: Gelombang ultrasonik telah digunakan untuk membantu sintesis ZnO. ZnO terbentuk dari campuran ZnAc dan NaOH. ZnO disintesis dengan variasi konsentrasi ZnAc 0.5 M ( ZnO 1:1 ) dan 1.5 M ( ZnO 3:1 ) yang dicampurkan dengan NaOH konsentrasi 0.5 M. Sampel yang diporoleh dikarakterisasi dengan XRD dan SEM. Karakterisasi difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristal ZnO yang dihasilkan merupakan heksagonal dengan pertumbuhan yang dominan pada orientasi bidang nonpolar a dengan indeks hkl 101. Kristalinitas dan kemurnian kristal ZnO 1:1 lebih baik dibandingkan ZnO 3:1 ditunjukan dengan intensitas puncak difraksi sinar-X yang lebih tinggi, sempit dan tajam. Untuk ukuran kristalit ZnO 1:1 mempunyai rata-rata ukuran kristalit 30.57 ± 4.31 nm sedangkan ZnO 3:1 mempunyai ukuran rata-rata 20.25 ± 7.12 nm. Dari ukuran kristal yang terbentuk partikel ZnO termasuk nanokristal. ZnO 1:1 terbentuk batang-batang nano (nanorods) sedangkan pada ZnO 3:1 tidak terbentuk batang-batang nano (nanorods). Untuk ukuran morfologi, ZnO 1:1 mempunyai rata-rata ukuran butiran kristal 230 nm dan lebih besar dibandingkan ukuran ZnO 3:1 yang mempunyai rata-rata ukuran butiran kristal 50 nm.
Keyword: nanorot, sintesis, sonokimia, ZnO