Judul: Overview of Antibiotic Resistance of Extended  Spectrum Beta Lactamase Producing Klebsiella spp. in Organic Dairy Goat Farm  in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Peternakan organik dikelola secara progresif menghindari penggunaan obat hewan jenis kemoterapetika dan menerapkan kesejahteraan hewan. Klebsiella spp. merupakan bakteri yang bersifat oportunistik patogen dan dapat ditemukan pada lingkungan serta dapat menghasilkan enzim extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keberadaan serta pola resistansi Klebsiella spp. ESBL terhadap antibiotik, yang diisolasi dari susu kambing, puting kambing, tangan pemerah, dan sumber air di peternakan kambing perah organik Kabupaten Bogor. Materi yang digunakan adalah 35 sampel yang terdiri atas air, swab tangan pemerah, swab puting kambing, susu individu, dan susu kandang. Identifikasi Klebsiella spp. dilakukan dengan pewarnaan gram, uji indole, methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, Koser citrate, fermentasi laktosa, dan triple sugar iron agar. Uji konfirmasi ESBL dan resistansi antibiotik menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Hasil diperoleh dua isolat Klebsiella spp. ditemukan dari sumber air dari dua peternakan berbeda. Satu isolat Klebsiella spp. ESBL ditemukan pada swab puting. Isolat Klebsiella spp. ESBL telah resistan terhadap ampisilin dan eritromisin. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu Klebsiella spp. ESBL ditemukan pada swab puting di peternakan kambing perah organik yang terletak di Kabupaten Bogor.
Keyword: antibiotic resistance, dairy goat, ESBL producing Klebsiella, organic farming

Judul: Identification and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Non ESBL Producing Escherichia coli from Organic Dairy Farms in Cijeruk Bogor
Abstrak: Peternakan organik tidak menggunakan obat-obatan kimia dalam pemeliharaan ternaknya. E. coli dapat memproduksi enzim Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) yang resistan antibiotik. Penelitian bertujuan mengisolasi E. coli ESBL dari peternakan kambing perah organik di Kecamatan Cijeruk Bogor serta mengidentifikasi sifat resistansi antibiotiknya. Sampel berupa air, swab tangan pemerah, swab puting kambing, dan susu. Identifikasi E. coli menggunakan uji biokimia Indole, Methyl red, Voges-Proskauer, Citrate dan pewarnaan Gram. Konfirmasi E. coli ESBL dan uji resistansi antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram Kirby-Bauer dan interpretasi hasil berdasarkan Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2022. Hasil dari penelitian ini tidak ditemukan isolat E. coli penghasil ESBL. Isolat E. coli non ESBL ditemukan pada air, swab puting, dan swab tangan pemerah dari satu peternakan. Isolat E. coli telah resistan terhadap tetrasiklin, seftazidim, dan eritromisin. Ditemukan isolat E. coli yang resistan terhadap tetrasiklin dan seftazidim secara bersamaan. Keberadaan E. coli resistan antibiotik menjadi ancaman kesehatan masyarakat veteriner melalui penyebaran gen resistan serta mengurangi keefektifan pengobatan kasus infeksi.
Keyword: antibiotic resistance, dairy goat, Escherichia coli ESBL, organic farming

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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