Judul: Optimasi Pemurnian Polisakarida dari Mikroalga BTM 11 sebagai Inhibitor RNA Helikase Virus Hepatitis C
Abstrak: Infeksi virus Hepatitis C (HCV) merupakan penyebab utama penyakit hati kronis di seluruh dunia. Pengobatan yang dilakukan terhadap penderita hepatitis C selama ini adalah melalui terapi dengan pemberian interferon yang dikombinasikan dengan ribavirin. Pengobatan ini masih belum optimal, memerlukan biaya yang mahal dan dapat memberikan efek samping.Usaha dalam menemukan obat HCV terus dilakukan dengan mencari unsur antiviral yang melawan virus dengan cara menghambat enzim yang berperan dalam proses replikasi virus HCV, yaitu RNA helikase. Inhibitor enzim RNA helikase dapat diperoleh dari hasil metabolit mikroalga, salah satunya adalah polisakarida. Mikroalga BTM 11 yang diekstraksi menggunakan metanol 80% memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terhadap RNA helikase HCV sebesar 80% (dilusi 5x). Namun, diperlukan teknik pemurnian polisakarida yang terbaik dalam menghasilkan aktivitas inhibisi yang maksimal. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya optimasi dalam pemurnian polisakarida mikroalga BTM 11. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) mengetahui teknik pemurnian terbaik dari polisakarida mikroalga BTM 11 sebagai inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C, (2) mengetahui kandungan gula dari polisakarida inhibitor termurnikan, dan (3) mengetahui profil senyawa polisakarida inhibitor yang paling aktif. Tahap satu yaitu preparasi RNA helikase HCV yang meliputi (1) ekspresi RNA helikase dengan cara menumbuhkan bakteri E.coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS yang membawa gen NS3 RNA helikase HCV dalam plasmid pET 21b, (2) pemurnian RNA helikase yang telah terekspresi pada sel bakteri menggunakan kromatografi afinitas. Tahap dua meliputi (1) kultivasi mikroalga BTM 11 dalam media IMK-Sea Water pada suhu ruang dengan pencahayaan 4800 lux, (2) ekstraksi polisakarida dari biomassa mikroalga BTM 11. Penelitian tahap tiga meliputi (1) pemurnian ekstrak polisakarida menggunakan teknik kromatografi gel filtrasi dan kromatografi ion-exchange, (2) penentuan profil senyawa polisakarida inhibitor yang paling aktif menggunakan kromatografi lapis tipis dan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi.
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Judul: Isolasi dan pemurnian bahan aktif dari mikroalga BTM 11 sebagai inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus is the cause of hepatitis C disease which has high virulence. Recent therapy using combination of ribavirin and alpha interferon has short efficiency < 80%. Thus, the discovery of new drug is needed. Antiviral drugs can be discovered through molecular target therapy by finding the inhibitor of RNA helicase that play role in viral replication. Inhibitor can be derived from chemical compound produced by microalgae. The aim of this research was to isolate the active compound from microalgae BTM 11 which had inhibitory activity against RNA helicase. Inhibitory activity was measured by releasing of phospate inorganic in colorimetric ATPase assay. Crude extract was fractionated using gel filtration chromatography with methanol in chloroform solvent. The result showed that Fraction 3 has the highest inhibitory activity which (81.205%). Phytochemical test of crude extract indicated positive flavonoids and coumarin. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis with eluent chloroform: methanol gave 2 spots with Rf value of 0.8 and 0.37. Moreover, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed absorption peak with the highest abundance at the retention time of 12.483 minute and 16.617 minute was 266 nm and 230 nm. According to these of phytochemical, TLC, and HPLC, inhibitor compound from BTM 11 belongs to flavonoids.
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Judul: Studi Korelasi Antara Proses Geomorfik Dan Pedogenesis Di Desa Lamajang, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung
Abstrak: Landform and soil formed by geomorphic and pedogenic processes. Geomorphic processes play a role in change and shape the earth's surface through out a process of physical and chemical weathering, volcanism, and extraterrestrial, while the pedogenic process produce soil body. According to van Wambeke and Forbes (1986), land unit is a container of a soil unit due to the similarity genetic factors (abiotic and biotic) and the genetic processes. Geomorphic processes based on abiotic factors (parent material, climate, relief, and time), while biotic factors (organisms, especially vegetation) only serves as an indicator, for example: gelam is an indicator of landform with acid sulphate soils. The processes of pedogenic based on factors biotic and abiotic itself. Research areas belong to volcanic landscape which dominated by the surface processes, such as: erosion, deposition, sedimentation, and mass movements, thus forming various forms of landform. This research intends to do analysis, interpretation, and correlation between land formation (geomorphic processes) and soil formation (pedogenesis) in volcanic landscapes. The aim is to determine land units (landforms) systematically (Desaunettes, 1977) as containers of soil units (Soil Survey Staff, 2010). This research includes preparation, field work, laboratory analysis, processing data, and preparation of final report. The results of research showed that the diversity of landforms are coinciding with the diversity of soil units (Great Group). There were found that the landform of ridge plains of volcano midlle, with parent material from andesitic rocks, undissected and flat slope (0-3%) (Vat 3.5.0) is occupied by Melanudand (Pedons P1); Landform of volcano midlle, with parent material from andesitic rocks, dissected and steep slope (30-60%) (Vat 3.6.3) is occupied by Hapludand (Pedons P2); and Landform of foot slope volcanic midlle, with parent material from andesitic rocks, slightly dissected and gently slope (2-5%) (Vat 3.5.2) is occupied by Fulvudand (Pedons P3). Correlation between geomorphic and pedogenesis processes which observed through the toposequent direction, supported by laboratory analysis data and secondary data (Puslittanak, 1993) and then extrapolated to the entire Village Lamajang, resulting seven landform mapping units as the component of semidetailed Landform Map of Lamajang Village Scaled at 1 : 50.000.
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