Judul: Analisa hubungan curah hujan daerah aliran sungai dan debit sungai bengawan Solo dengan beberapa metode
Abstrak: Waduk atau bendung yang merupakan bagian dari suatu sistem irigasi sangatlah penting artinya untuk memantapkan aliran air, baik dengan cara pengaturan persediaan air yang berubah-ubah, maupun dengan cara memenuhi tuntutan kebutuhan dari konsumen yang sering berubah-ubah. Jumlah air yang dapat ditampung oleh suatu waduk tergantung pada jumlah curah hujan yang jatuh pada DAS waduk tersebut, sehingga perubahan jumlah curah hujan yang jatuh di DAS dari suatu waduk akan mempengaruhi jumlah air yang dapat disa- lurkan oleh waduk tersebut keluar. Tujuan dari Masalah Khusus ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara curah hujan area bulanan dengan Debit Sungai Bengawan Solo sebagai debit aliran rata-rata per bulan yang masuk (Q) ke dalam waduk Wonogiri. Metode-metode yang digunakan untuk Analisa Hubungan Curah Hujan Area Bulanan DAS Wonogiri dengan Debit Sungai Bengawan Solo rata-rata bulanan adalah: (1) metode Parabola, (2) metode Linier, (3) metode Eksponen- sial dan (4) metode Korelasi. ...
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Judul: Analisis Tren Jangka Panjang Curah Hujan dan Debit Daerah Aliran Sungai Bengawan Solo
Abstrak: Bengawan Solo Watershed is classified as one of the most degraded watershed in Indonesia. The Watershed usually was utilized as water resource for irrigation, transportation and industry. The problems in the Bengawan Solo Watershed is deforestation, illegal logging and land conversion. This research aimed to find out trend of rainfall and streamflow in Bengawan Solo Watershed for period of 1980-2010. Twelve rainfall stations in the Watershed were chosen for rainfall trend analysis and calculating rainfall area. The trend analysis was divided into two parts that is before and after reformation era (year at 1998). Trend analysis was performed using Mann-Kendall test at 95% confidence interval (α= 5%). Research result showed that before reformation era we found there were no significantly trend for rainfall and annual streamflow. However, after reformation era we found that there was a significantly negative trend for rainfall at most stations, but significantly positive trend for average annual streamflow. Coefficient of runoff in Bengawan Solo Watershed range 0,4-0,81 and did not occur a significantly trend for this research.
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Judul: Introduction and expression of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) growth hormone gene in catfish (Clarias sp)
Abstrak: The gene transfer technology applied in commercially important aquatic animals is to enhance genetic quality of aquaculture broodstock. This study was conducted to introduce gene encoding growth hormone (GH) in catfish embryos to improve its growth rate. In fish, microinjection was the earliest technique developed to introduce foreign DNA into fertilized eggs. However, the opaquness, stickiness and buoyancy of the embryos, the invisibility of the pronuclei, the togness of the chorion, and the higher mortality of injected eggs make this technique time consuming and requires sophisticated skills. Electropration method is able to produce mass fish transgenic. In this study, we transferred a plasmid containing GH gene of Nile tilapia (tiGH), driven by medaka β-actin promoter (mBP) into catfish using microinjection and electroporation methods, to obtain growth enhanced transgenic fish. The DNA solution (mBP-tiGH) used was 50 μg/ml in sterile distillated water. The parameter observed was survival rate of embryos (SRe), hatching rate (HR), and the percentage of individual carrying mBP-tiGH. Transgenic individual carrying tiGH was identified by PCR ( Polymerase Chain Reaction) method with specific primer for tiGH gene. The analysis of gene expression was conducted by RT-PCR. The results of research from 100 catfish embryos showed that control uninjected treatment was higher SRe and HR of eggs fertilized while the Sre and HR in electroporated-sperm was similar with control (SRe 98.5%; HR 91.2%). Percentage of catfish carrying tiGH gene by microinjection methods was 42.86% (12/28) while by electroporation methods was 87% and 93%. Germ line transmission of the transgene at first generation was 4.0 % - 8.33%. The growth of catfish in founder generation was not different between transgenic and nontransgenic. The growth of transgenic catfish at first generation were up to 7 fold higher compared with nontransgenic fish.
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