Judul: Optimalisasi eksekusi saham dengan biaya likuiditas taklinear
Abstrak: Generally, transaction in capital market considers two things. i.e. transaction cost and transaction risk. The transaction cost arises from temporary and permanent market impact. Tempofmy market impact represents a liquidity cost, while permanent market impact represents the effect of information on share price. On the other hand, the risk of share transaction consists of uncertain liquidity cost and the volatility risk, which is related to the uncertainty of share price. This paper studies the trading strategy that minimizes the transaction cost with the assumption that liquidity cost is a nonlinear function and subject to its uncertainty risk. Furthermore, this paper examines the influence ofa nonlinear liquidity cost to the trading strategy. The results are as follows. For quadratic liquidity cost, if the trading rate increases, then the liquidity cost will also increase with higher rate. On the other hand, for square root function, if the trading rate increases, then the liljuidity cost will also in~,rease but smaller rate.
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Judul: Optimalisasi eksekusi saham dengan peningkatan risiko perdagangan
Abstrak: Pada umumnya transaksi saham di pasar modal mempertimbangkan dua hal, yaitu biaya transaksi dan risiko transaksi. Adapun biaya transaksi saham dipengaruhi oleh dampak temporer (biaya likuiditas) dan dampak permanen (biaya informasi). Sedangkan risiko dari transaksi saham terdiri atas risiko volatilitas yaitu risiko yang berhubungan dengan keacakan harga saham, dan risiko ketidakpastian biaya likuiditas. Dalam karya ilmiah ini dibahas tentang strategi perdagangan yang dapat meminimumkan biaya transaksi dengan kendala adanya risiko ketidakpastian. Untuk meminimumkan biaya transaksi maka perlu dicari waktu eksekusi optimal, banyaknya saham yang akan dijual pada suatu waktu atau banyaknya saham awal yang diperdagangkan, yaitu dengan menggunakan metode kalkulus variasi. Jika ketidakpastian biaya likuiditas dalam perdagangan tidak bergantung pada rata-rata perdagangan maka seorang penjual yang menghindari risiko akan mempercepat program penjualannya dengan tujuan untuk mengurangi risiko, sedangkan penjual yang lebih berani mengambil risiko akan memperlambat perdagangannya dengan tujuan meminimumkan biaya transaksi. Jika ketidakpastian biaya likuiditas dalam perdagangan bergantung pada rata-rata perdagangan maka banyaknya saham awal optimal yang diperdagangkan bergantung pada tingkat penghindaran risiko seorang penjual, yaitu ketika seorang penjual semakin menghindari risiko maka banyaknya saham awal optimal yang diperdagangkan akan semakin sedikit, dan sebaliknya jika penjual semakin berani mengambil risiko maka banyaknya saham optimal yang diperdagangkan akan semakin banyak.
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Judul: Daerah penyebaran dan variasi morfologi ular putih (Micropechis ikaheka) di Papua
Abstrak: The objectives of the research were to identify the area of distribution and the specific habitat of the white snake (Micropechis ikaheka) in Papua (Western New Guinea), and also to explain the morphological variation among the populations of that snake. About eight months of field work were taken to conduct the survey (April 2002; June 2006; and March to Augusts 2007) in several areas in the mainland and off-shore islands of Papua. Observation were carried out in the field at night and during the day to collect the snake. Also, studies were done on a collection of specimens that were found in the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense LIPI in Cibinong, Conservation International in Jayapura and the Biology Laboratory of the Papua State University in Manokwari. The results showed that the white snake Micropechis ikaheka can be divided into three separate groups based on the color of the scales, i.e. Black, Brown and Yellow. The black one is the new group found in this research, and also there was one individual snake with transitional coloration between the brown group and the yellow group. However, M. ikaheka is common and has a relatively wide distribution in New Guinea, but every group has a specific and limited area of distribution. The group with black color is distributed in the islands of Waigeo and Batanta and the group with yellow color is distributed starting from Manokwari, Sorong, upto the islands of Salawati, Batanta and Waigeo. Meanwhile, the brown colored sanke is distributed from the island of Yapen, mainland of waropen, Mamberamo, Jayawijaya, Mindiptana upto Papua New Guinea.
Keyword: The white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, Are of distribution, Morphological variation, Famili Elopidae