Judul: Economic Benefits and Adaptive Strategies  for Management of Bogor Botanical Gardens During the Covid-19 Pandemic.
Abstrak: Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) merupakan Ruang Terbuka Hijau yang juga dijadikan sebagai kawasan wisata perkotaan. Wisata KRB tidak hanya memberikan manfaat ekonomi bagi masyarakat, tetapi juga dapat menjaga kelestarian fungsi utama KRB sebagai kawasan konservasi ex-situ tumbuhan. Adanya pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan wisata KRB diharuskan tutup selama bulan Maret-Juli 2020. Kemudian, dengan adanya Keputusan Menteri Kesehatan Nomor HK.01.07/MENKES/382/2020 tentang Protokol Kesehatan bagi Masyarakat di Tempat dan Fasilitas Umum, wisata KRB kembali dibuka sejak bulan Juli namun dengan adanya pembatasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis sistem pengelolaan wisata Kebun Raya Bogor di masa pandemi, (2) mengestimasi manfaat ekonomi dari dari keberadaan wisata Kebun Raya Bogor di masa pandemi, (3) menganalisis strategi adaptif pengelolaan wisata Kebun Raya Bogor di masa pandemi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa wisata KRB dikelola oleh LIPI bermitra dengan pihak swasta yakni PT Mitra Natura Raya (MNR) dengan sistem self financing. KRB yang memiliki manajemen pengelolaan baru yakni dikelola oleh PT. MNR yang mempunyai tujuan untuk menjadikan KRB sebagai taman konservasi dan rekreasi yang terintegrasi berkelas dunia. Terdapat bagian dari pendapatan yang juga disetorkan dalam bentuk Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak (PNBP). Secara umum, manfaat ekonomi wisata KRB mengalami penurunan sebesar 3,48 %. Khusus unit usaha, terjadi penurunan pendapatan sebesar 54,42%. Namun, untuk tenaga kerja justru mengalami peningkatan pendapatan 11,36%. Di masa pandemi, share pendapatan meningkat dan covering pengeluaran menurun yang artinya tingkat pemenuhan terhadap kebutuhan rumah tangga mengalami penurunan. Pengelola wisata KRB sudah melakukan strategi adaptif untuk membuat pengunjung wisatawan KRB merasa nyaman dan aman untuk berwisata kembali ke KRB diantaranya pembuatan member card, penyewaan fasilitas kendaraan, dan revitalisasi area KRB., Bogor Botanical Gardens (KRB) is a green open space which is also used as an urban tourism area. KRB tourism not only provides economic benefits for the community, but can also preserve the main function of KRB as an ex-situ plant conservation area. The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic caused KRB tourism to be required to close during March-July 2020. Then, with the Decree of the Minister of Health Number HK.01.07/MENKES/382/2020 concerning Health Protocols for Communities in Public Places and Facilities, KRB tourism was re-opened since July but with restrictions. This study aims to (1) analyze the Bogor Botanical Gardens tourism management system during the pandemic, (2) estimate the economic benefits of the existence of Bogor Botanical Gardens tourism during the pandemic, (3) analyze the adaptive strategies of Bogor Botanical Gardens tourism management during the pandemic. The results showed that KRB tourism was managed by LIPI in partnership with the private sector, namely PT Mitra Natura Raya (MNR) with a self-financing system. KRB which has a new management that is managed by PT. MNR which aims to make KRB a world-class integrated conservation and recreation park. There is a part of the income which is also deposited in the form of Non-Tax State Revenue (PNBP). In general, the economic benefits of KRB tourism decreased by 3.48%. Specifically for business units, there was a decrease in revenue of 54.42%. However, the workforce actually experienced an increase in income of 11.36%. During the pandemic, the share of income increases and the covering
Keyword: income analysis, covering expenses, economic benefits, new normal, share income

Judul: Analysis of Perception and Carrying Capacity of Bogor  Botanical Gardens in the New Normal Era of COVID-19
Abstrak: Pemerintah Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan new normal demi menjaga keberlanjutan berbagai sektor, salah satunya sektor pariwisata. Pelonggaran kebijakan berdampak pada kenaikan jumlah wisatawan di Kebun Raya Bogor secara tiba-tiba. Hal tersebut memberikan potensi negatif terhadap kerusakan lingkungan dan kelestarian sumber daya alam di Kebun Raya Bogor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) Mengidentifikasi persepsi wisatawan terhadap kenyamanan berwisata ke Kebun Raya Bogor di era new normal COVID-19; 2) Mengestimasi kapasitas daya dukung Kawasan Kebun Raya Bogor; dan 3) Merumuskan strategi pengeloaan kawasan wisata Kebun Raya Bogor di era new normal COVID-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Kebun Raya Bogor mendapatkan rataan nilai sebesar 3,34 atau mendapatkan persepsi positif akan kenyamanan saat melakukan kegiatan wisata di Kebun Raya Bogor di era new normal. Pada perhitungan daya dukung wisata, Kebun Raya Bogor secara keseluruh tidak mengalami over carrying capacity Berdasarkan analisis QSPM, melakukan penyuluhan atau sosialisasi mengenai kesadaran dalam pelestarian lingkungan wisata merupakan strategi prioritas dalam pengelolaan Kebun Raya Bogor di era new normal., The Indonesian Government has implemented a new normal policy to ensure the sustainability of various sectors, including the tourism sector. The relaxation of this policy has led to a sudden increase in the number of tourists at Bogor Botanical Gardens. This poses a potential negative impact on environmental damage and the conservation of natural resources in Bogor Botanical Gardens. The objectives of this research are: 1) to identify tourists' perceptions of comfort while visiting Bogor Botanical Gardens in the new normal era of COVID-19; 2) to estimate the carrying capacity of the Bogor Botanical Gardens area; and 3) to formulate management strategies for Bogor Botanical Gardens in the new normal era of COVID-19. The research results show that Bogor Botanical Gardens received an average score of 3.34, indicating a positive perception of comfort when engaging in activities at the gardens during the new normal era. In terms of tourist carrying capacity calculations, Bogor Botanical Gardens as a whole does not exceed its carrying capacity. According to the QSPM analysis, providing education or raising awareness about environmental conservation in tourism is a priority strategy for managing Bogor Botanical Gardens in the new normal era.
Keyword: physical carrying capacity (PCC), QSPM, skala likert, strategi pengelolaan

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: