Judul: Studi Produksi Bioetanol untuk Peningkatan Budidaya dan Nilai Tambah Pascapanen Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) Asal Sorong
Abstrak: Sago (Metroxylon spp.) is a potential starch-producing crop which produce 20 – 40 tonnes starch ha-1 year-1. Each years, big amount of sago starch are wasted because it is not exploited well. The people only utilize sago starch for consumption in daily food needs. The low utilization of sago reduces its harvest performances. Sago starch can be used as raw material for renewable alternative energy such as bioethanol. The main object of this study is to analyze the optimation of enzyme application to hydrolyze sago starch that were collected from Sorong and the ratio of water with starch usage in bioethanol fermentation. The second aim is to ensure the kind of sago starch that can be used to produce bioethanol, so that it becomes the driving force for sago farmers in the cultivation of sago intensively in Sorong District. This study was used enzyme to hydrolyze sago starch into liquid sugar. Fermentation of liquid sugar used yeast contained Saccharomyces cereviseae until it produces bioethanol. The sago starch are used in this study that is Iwarwo type. The highest etanol content was 10.93% at 72 hours after fermentation. The result was collected from condition of 1:5 sago starch with water ratio treatment, 1 mL of α-amylase enzyme kg-1 sago starch and 1.2 mL glucoamylase enzyme kg-1 sago starch.
Keyword: bioethanol, hydrolysis, optimation, sago starch, Sorong

Judul: Studi Produksi Gula Cair untuk Peningkatan Budidaya dan Pascapanen Sagu (Metroxylon spp.) Asal Sorong Selatan
Abstrak: Sago palm is a potential plant to develop as food and non food materials for Indonesian. The potential of sago in Indonesia is very high so cultivation and postharvest are required to increase added value of sago plant. Sago palm as a source of starch can be used in sugar syrup production. The potency of starch is 200−400 kg tree-1. The aim of this study is to get the optimal condition of sago starch from South Sorong due to sugar syrup processing. This experiment was conducted at Indonesian Center for Agricultural Postharvest Research and Development, Bogor, from February to June 2015. The experimental design used split split plot, ratio starch and water as main factor, α-amylase enzim as sub factor, and glucoamylase as sub sub factor. The optimum condition to make sugar syrup from sago starch Fasampe type is the 1:4 combination between water and sago starch Fasampe type with α-amylase enzyme 1 mL kg-1 of starch and glucoamylase 1 mL kg-1 of starch. The result of the sugar brix value is 17.3 °Brix and the total sugar content is 19%. The optimum condition to make sugar syrup from sago starch Fafion type is the 1:4 combination between water and sago starch Fafion type, α- amylase enzyme 1.2 mL kg-1 of starch and glucoamylase 1.2 mL kg-1 of starch. The result of the sugar brix value is 15 °Brix and total sugar content is 16.2%.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, cultivation, optimization, postharvest, sago starch, South Sorong, sugar syrup

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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