Judul: Histopatologi Organ Hati, Ginjal, Usus, Limpa, dan Empedu  Ikan Lele yang Mengalami Penyakit Kuning (Jaundice)
Abstrak: Salah satu penyakit yang menyerang ikan lele adalah lele kuning atau dikenal dengan jaundice yang dapat mengakibatkan harga jual menjadi rendah atau bahkan tidak laku dijual. Warna kuning pada lele dikaitkan dengan terganggunya jaringan organ khususnya empedu atau fungsi hati. Peran histopatologi menjadi parameter yang penting dalam menganalisis kelainan organ yang berasosiasi dengan penyakit kuning. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan struktur histopatologi organ hati, ginjal, usus, limpa, dan empedu ikan lele yang mengalami penyakit kuning dari lapangan dengan yang diberi perlakuan di laboratorium. Penelitian menggunakan metode observasi dengan tiga variabel, yaitu ikan lele sehat sebagai kontrol (K), ikan lele yang sakit kuning dengan diberi perlakuan injeksi (KP), dan ikan lele sakit kuning yang berasal dari lapang (KL). Hasil pengamatan yang diperoleh bahwa variabel skala lapang (KL) memiliki derajat kerusakan nekrosis tertinggi di setiap organ dibandingkan dengan variabel skala laboratorium (KP). Terlihat pada organ hati, usus, ginjal, limpa, dan empedu bahwa variabel lapang selalu memperoleh skor derajat kerusakan nekrosis yang tinggi dengan rentang nilai skoring 1,11–2,48 bahkan diantaranya ada yang tergolong hingga derajat rusak sedang dengan persentase nekrosis 40% ≤ P < 60% pada organ hati, ginjal, dan empedu., One of the diseases that attack catfish is yellow catfish or known as jaundice which can result in low selling prices or even unsaleable. The yellow color in catfish is associated with disruption of organ tissue, especially bile or liver function. The role of histopathology is an important parameter in analyzing organ abnormalities associated with jaundice. This study aims to compare the histopathological structure of liver, kidney, intestine, spleen, and bile organs of catfish with jaundice from the field with those treated in the laboratory. The study used observation method with three variables, namely healthy catfish as control (K), jaundiced catfish treated with injection (KP), and jaundiced catfish from the field (KL). The observation results obtained that the field scale variable (KL) has the highest degree of necrosis damage in each organ compared to the laboratory scale variable (KP). It can be seen in the organs of the liver, intestines, kidneys, spleen, and bile that the field variable always scores a high degree of necrosis damage with a range of scoring values of 1.11-2.48, some of which are classified as moderate damage with a percentage of necrosis 40% ≤ P < 60% in the organs of the liver, kidneys, and bile.
Keyword: Clarias sp., histopatologi, nekrosis, penyakit kuning

Judul: Histology Analysis of Diseased Intestines, Kidneys, and Liver Catfish from Parung, Bogor
Abstrak: Penyakit pada ikan lele budidaya dapat disebabkan oleh faktor non-infeksius maupun faktor infeksius. Kerusakan jaringan seperti usus, ginjal, dan hati dapat menjadi indikator dalam menganalisis penyebab terjadinya kematian ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis histologi usus, ginjal, dan hati penyebab lele budidaya yang sakit dan kematian massal yang berasal dari Parung, Bogor. Lele sehat sebanyak satu ekor dan sakit sebanyak lima ekor yang berasal dari kolam yang sama diambil organ usus, ginjal, dan hati untuk dibuat preparat histologi, dilakukan skoring dan dilanjutkan analisis deskriptif dari gambaran histologi. Gejala klinis dan kerusakan organ yang dialami ikan sakit diduga terinfeksi bakteri patogen yang ditandai dengan adanya nekrosis dan pelebaran muskularis longitudinal usus. Pelebaran muskularis longitudinal tertinggi pada ikan 1 sebesar 82 μm dan nekrosis tertinggi pada organ usus ikan 3 sebesar 2,72 (kerusakan sedang), organ ginjal ikan 5 sebesar 1,76 (kerusakan ringan) dan organ hati ikan 1 sebesar 2,15 (kerusakan sedang). Gejala klinis yang diterjadi diduga berhubungan dengan penyakit kuning., Diseases in cultured catfish can be caused by non-infectious and infectious factors. Tissue damage such as intestines, kidneys, and liver can be an indicator in analyzing the caused of fish died. This study aims to analyze the histology of the intestines, kidneys, and liver causes that cause desease andf and mass mortality from Parung, Bogor. One healthy catfish and five sick catfish from the same pond were taken the intestinal organs, kidneys, and livers to make histological, scoring and descriptive analysis of the histological picture. Clinical symptoms and organ damage by fish suspected of being infected with pathogenic bacteria are characterized by intestine longitudinal muscularis dilation and necrosis. The highest longitudinal muscularis dilation in fish 1 was 82 μm and the highest necrosis in the intestinal organs of fish 3 of 2,72 (moderate damage), kidney organ of fish 5 of 1,76 (mild damage) and liver of fish 1 of 2,15 (moderate damage). Clinical symptoms that occur were suspected to be associated with jaundice.
Keyword: bacteria, catfish, histology, necrosis

Judul: The use of materials having low adhesion and friction coefficient on soil as landside of moldboard plow to reduce tillage draft
Abstrak: Farm machinery has an important role in agricultural activities, especially in tillage. One of the tillage indicators is draft, which has relation with tillage quality and energy consumption. One of the factors affected pulling draft was the friction between the tool and the soil. Friction resistamce had two variables that were adhesion and friction coefficiemt. Almost tillage tools have friction with the soil, one of them is moldboard plow. Moldboard plow was the oldest tillage tool, but it is still used by the farmers, since at produces good work and it has a simple and a unique design.
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