Judul: Women marginalization in tea picker work system in plantation (Case studies of tea pickers in PT. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII (PTPN VIII) Gunung Mas, District of Cisarua, Bogor Sub District, West Java)
Abstrak: Women play an important role in tea plantation work system as tea plucker, albeit the long hour work and low wage. Women tea pluckers are also the major contributor to the household income, although it is not contributive to their status in the household. The marginalization process of women as tea plucker in the plantation work system and in the household is interesting to be investigated futher. This study objectives are to analyze the gender relation in tea plantation work system, to analyze the wage dynamic of tea plucker, and to analyze the woman tea plucker status in the household. This study is conducted in qualitative approach involving 57 respondents and six key informants as source of primary data. The research found that there are differences in access and control between men and women in the tea plantation work system resulting in gender-based wage differences. Although the total wage received by tea plucker is increasing from time to time but it is not as fast as the increasing prices of goods for everyday living therefore there is no significant effect to their quality of life. The major contribution of women to the household income does not affected their low social status in the household. All processess that happened for generations has marginalize women in their work and household as well.
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Judul: Workload analysis on tea manual picking activities at gunung mas plantation of  pt. Perkebunan Nusantara VIII, Cisarua, Bogor, West Java
Abstrak: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is one of important commodities in West Java since 1860. Activities of tea cultivation include nurseries, land preparation, planting, plant maintenance, and tea picking. Generally, tea picking is done manually by hand. This work is quite heavy and burdensome to the ability of the worker, so that it can lead to fatigue or physical disorder. Workload analysis in tea picking were conducted by using heart rate analysis approach. Then, the value of qualitative and quantitative workload will be obtained. Four male and four female subjects were observed and measurement of heart rate were conducted to them by using “wrist-watch type” Heart Rate Monitor (HRM). A step test protocol was conducted to each subject as heart rate calibration procedure prior to the workload analysis of the tea picking activity. Work productivity of the subjects were also analyzed based on “yield and its quality index”. The results, revealed that the tea picking activity is light to moderate work burden, whereas the average work burden of male is slightly higher than that of female. Regarding to the work energy cost, male subjects consume slightly higher energy compared to that female subjects to pick a same amount of yield. Generally,the net product of male workers are higher than that of female.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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