Judul: Pola Adaptasi Operasi Penangkapan Ikan Nelayan Gillnet di PPI Karangsong Indramayu
Abstrak: Karangsong fishing port which located at Indramayu is dominated by gillnet fisheries. The purpose of this research is to describe gillnet fishing system in Karangsong, gillnet fisher’s adaptation and relation between index season with income, number trip, and the catch. To analyze gillnet fishing system and gillnet fisher’s adaptation it is used descriptive method. The result of this research shows that adaptation of gillnet 3 GT and 6 GT was changing the duration of fishing operation while for gillnet >10 GT have various adaptation models of fishing operation. Gillnet fisher’s change the duration of fishing operation, the fishing ground, adding the net piece, and reducing the net piece. In addition, the relation between index season with income, number trip and the catch is directly proportional. In conclusion, the adaptation pattern fisher’s gillnet is affected by their environmental condition.
Keyword: adaptation model, fishing operation, Karangsong, gillnet

Judul: Tingkat Ketergantungan Nelayan Gillnet di PPI Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu Terhadap Sumberdaya Ikan
Abstrak: Fishermen have a high level dependency on fish resources. Therefore, it is necessary to make a job diversification as an alternative income. However, to diversify the job, it is necessary to analyze the dependency level of fishermen on fish resources. The purpose of this research are (1) to describe gillnet fisheries in PPI Karangsong, (2) to analyze the dependency level of fishermen in PPI Karangsong on fish resources. The calculation of dependency level using Multi Cryteria Analysis with the cryterias used are the number of families, time allocation, income, and expenses. Gillnet fishermen in PPI Karangsong is dominated by gillnet 0-10 GT group. Gillnet ship which less than 25 GT is still using ice to preserve the fish, while the bigger ship ( 25 GT) already using freezer. Dependency level of 0-20 GT gillnet fishermen on fish resources is higher than the > 20 GT gillnet fishermen.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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