Judul: Pengelolaan tinja ternak dan eceng gondok dengan bioteknologi untuk meningkatkan kesehatan lingkungan menghasilkan pupuk dan energi gas bio
Abstrak: Tinja ternak dan gulma apabila tidak dikelola dengan baik dapat menurunkan mutu lingkungan (kesehatan) dan mengganggu kenikmatan hidup masyarakat di sekitarnya. Pengelolaan tinja ternak dan gulma (eceng gondok) dengan bioteknologi gas bio melalui fermentasi anaerob dapat meningkatkan taraf kesehatan lingkungan, menghasilkan pupuk dan energi gas bio untuk memasak, penerangan energi penggerak. dan. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan 3 macam tinja ternak yaitu tinja ayam, tinja babi, tinja sapi dan 1 macam gulma yaitu eceng gondok. Untuk merangsang fermentasi anaerob (gas bio), pada bahan eceng gondok ini ditambah- kan 15% tinja sapi sebagai bibit (starter). Dalam macam bahan isi tersebut di atas, fermentasi anaerob pada suhu 26,5°c ternyata mampu menurunkan densitas Escheri chia coli secara drastis dalam waktu 1 bulan, yang mula mula berada di atas 1,6 x 105 ml contoh, menjadi (20-40) per 100 ml contoh dan dalam waktu 2 bulan menjadi lebih..dst
Keyword: Fertilizers, Eichhornia, Methane, Biotechnology

Judul: Diversifikasi produksi ternak babi dan sapi berupa gas-bio
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Bagian Ilmu Produksi Ternak Babi Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Perta nian Bogor selama 4 bulan mulai dari tanggal 2 Maret sam pai 3 Juli 1983. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui produk- si gas-bio dari masing-masing kotoran segar ternak babi dan sapi dan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi pengisian digester dengan tiap hari dan dua hari sekali terhadap produksi gas-bio. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10 ulangan dan 4 perlakuan yang berbe- da yaitu pengisian digester dengan 20 kilogram sehari dan dengan pengisian dua hari sekali dari masing-masing ternak babi dan sapi, setelah diencerkan dengan perbandingan ko toran ternak air adalah 1: 1. Penelitian ini mengguna- kan 10 ekor ternak babi dewasa dan 7 ekor sapi potong pe rioèe pertumbuhan. Hasil pengolahan data secara statistik menunjukkan produksi gas-bio dari ternak babi dan sapi sangat berbeda nyata (P/ 0.01) baik antara pengisian digester setiap hari (1367 vs. 1056liter/ hari/ 20 kg feces) maupun antara pe ngisian dua hari sekali (908 vs. 604 liter/hari/ 20 kg feces). Pengaruh frekuensi pengisian digester dengan seti- ap hari dan denga n dua hari sangat berbeda nyata pada ternak babi (1367 vs. 908 liter/hari/ 20 kg feces) dan pada ternak sapi (1057 vs. 604 liter/hari/ 20 kg feces). Pengaruh Temperatur luar yang berfluktuasi antara 25-36°C sangat sedikit terhadap temperatur di dalam di gester sekitar 28 -29°C. Selama penelitian keadaan rela tif stabil pada pH antara 6.6 - 6 dan tekanan 12 – 13.8 x 10-3 bar (atmosfer). Pemakaian gas-bio untuk memasak tiga kilogram air sampai mendidih memerlukan wetu 20 menit dan gas-bio 125. liter, masak satu liter beras memakan waktu 25 menit dan gasbio 175 liter dan untuk memasak dua liter beras membutuhkan waktu 35 menit dan 235 liter gas-bio. Penggunaan lumpur keluaran dari proses produksi gas-bio ternyata sa ngat baik dijadikan pupuk dan hampir tidak berbau…
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite