Judul: Daily Behavior and Space Utilization of Timor Deer, Sambar Deer and Bawean Deer in Captive Breeding
Abstrak: Penangkaran rusa timor (Rusa timorensis), rusa sambar (Rusa unicolor), dan rusa bawean (Axis kuhlii) dilakukan secara bersama di dalam satu areal kandang yang sama, seperti yang dilakukan di Penangkaran Rusa, Hutan Penelitian Dramaga, Bogor. Ketiga jenis rusa ditangkarkan bersama-sama di dalam satu areal kandang pedok terbuka berukuran 38 x 38 meter. Data perilaku harian dan penggunaan ruang dikumpulkan dengan metode focal animal sampling. Untuk mengidentifikasi penggunaan ruang, maka ruang kandang dibagi menjadi tiga zona yang berbeda (Zona Depan 1, Zona Tengah 2, Zona Belakang 3). Rusa timor menunjukkan perilaku makan (ingestif) lebih sering (37,32% hari kerja dan 36,06% pada akhir pekan) dibanding rusa sambar (25,35% akhir pekan dan 26,63% hari kerja) dan rusa bawean (17,68% akhir pekan dan 18,89% hari kerja). Terkait penggunaan ruang, ketiga jenis rusa lebih sering menggunakan zona 1 dibanding dengan kedua zona lainnya, berturut-turut yang paling sering adalah rusa bawean (73,50%), rusa timor (71,34%) dan rusa sambar (62,46%)., The captivity of timor deer (Rusa timorensis), Sambar deer (Rusa unicolor) and Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is carried out together in the same enclosure area, as was done in Deer Captivity, Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor. The breeding of timor deer (Rusa timorensis), sambar deer (Rusa unicolor), and Bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) is carried out together in the same enclosure area, as was done in Deer Breeding, Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor. The three types of deer are bred together in an open pedok cage measuring 38 x 38 meters. Daily behavior and space use data were collected using the focal animal sampling method. To identify space usage, the cage space is divided into three distinct zones (Front Zone 1, Middle Zone 2, Rear Zone 3). Timor deer show eating behavior (ingestive) more often (37,32% on weekdays and 36,06% on weekends) than Sambar deer (25,35% on weekends and 26,63% on weekdays) and Bawean deer (17, 68% weekends and 18,89% weekdays). Regarding the use of space, the three species of deer use zone 1 more often than the other two zones, respectively Bawean deer (73,50%), Timor deer (71,34%) and sambar deer (62,46%) are the most frequent.
Keyword: captive breeding, daily behavior, deer, space utilization

Judul: Welfare Management and Health Status of Deer at Captivity Hutan Penelitian Dramaga, Bogor
Abstrak: Keberadaan rusa timor (Rusa timorensis), rusa sambar (Cervus unicolor), dan rusa bawean (Axis kuhlii) di alam perlu dipertahankan. Salah satu lembaga yang mendukung kegiatan konservasi eksitu tersebut adalah Penangkaran Rusa Hutan Penelitian Dramaga, Bogor. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menilai penerapan manajemen kesejahteraan satwa dan status kesehatan satwa. Data kesejahteraan rusa diperoleh melalui observasi lapang, wawancara dan pengisian kuisioner. Status kesehatan rusa berdasarkan kejadian infeksi cacing saluran pencernaan (helminthosis) diperoleh dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel feses, kemudian dianalisis secara mikroskopis melalui metode McMaster, flotasi sederhana dan saringan bertingat modifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan kesejahteraan rusa di penangkaran rusa Hutan Penelitian Dramaga tergolong “baik” dengan skor tingkat kesejahteraan satwa mencapai 73,03. Telur cacing parasit yang ditemukan yaitu Trichuris, Strongyloides dan Trematoda yang menginfeksi rusa, dengan derajat infeksi TTGT tergolong dalam kategori rendah., The existence of timor deer (Rusa timorensis), sambar deer (Cervus unicolor), and bawean deer (Axis kuhlii) in the wild needs to be preserve. One of the responsible institutions in ex-site conservation activities is deer captivity of Dramaga Research Forest, Bogor. The study was conducted to assess the implementation of animal welfare and animal health status. Data of deer walfare management was obtained by field observations, interview, and filling the questionnaire. Deer health status based on the gastrointestinal endoparasites infection (helminthosis) was obtained by collected faecal sample, then it was analyze with microscopic evaluation by McMaster, simple flotation and modification of sedimentation technique. The study shows that deer welfare management in deer captivity of Dramaga Research Forest was classified as a “good” with a score of animal walefare’s level up to 73,03. All animals were parasitized by Trichuris, Strongyloides, and Trematode with low infection intencity level EPG.
Keyword: animal health status, animal walfare, captivity, deer, helminthosis

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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