Judul: Sintesis Bio-nano Komposit Antistatik  Berbasis Polipropilena yang Diperkuat dengan Mono-Diasilgliserol dan  Nanokristal Selulosa sebagai Kemasan Perangkat Elektronik
Abstrak: The advancement of science in the era of globalization requires scientists to continue to carry out research to produce new knowledge in their fields, one of which is materials science. One of the material sciences that has a high attention to be discovered is synthetic polymer-based materials. This is in line with the trend of using synthetic polymer-based materials which are predicted to increase to fulfill human needs. One example is the use of synthetic polypropylene (PP) polymers. PP is known as a polymer that is susceptible to high temperatures, flammable, prone to UV degradation, susceptible to oxidation, difficult to paint, and can damage the environment due to its non-degradable nature, but PP is recyclable. Therefore, to minimize the disadvantages of PP, it is necessary to modify PP into bio-nano composites which have antistatic properties, are easily decomposed, and have high mechanical strength. PP modification is carried out by adding natural material, namely mono-diacylglycerols (M-DAG) from palm oil by-products as antistatic agents and lubricants in the extrusion process, and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) as reinforcement and biodegradability enhancers. The combination of M-DAG and CNC is expected to produce a synergistic effect to improve the quality of the antistatic bio-nano composites. In addition, to improve their performance, it is necessary to analyze the required Cumulative Energy Demand (CED), Cumulative Cost Demand (CCD), and the Global Warming Potential (GWP) generated during the synthesis process of antistatic bio-nano composites using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method. LCA is a “cradle to grave” method that is divided into four main options to determine system boundaries that are analyzed according to the ISO 14044 standard. The final stage of this research is to estimate the performance and physical and mechanical characteristics of antistatic bio-nano composites as the new generation of electronic device packaging materials. The main purpose of this research is to synthesize PP-based antistatic bio-nano composites reinforced with M-DAG and CNC and their potential application in electronic device packaging. The specific purposes of this research are: (1) to identify the characteristics of raw materials for the synthesis of antistatic bio-nano composites; (2) to analyze the performance and mechanical characteristics of PP-based antistatic bio-nano composites reinforced with M-DAG and CNC at different concentrations compared to the performance and mechanical characteristics of pure PP; (3) to calculate the effect of the use of M-DAG at cycle time (CT) in the synthesis of antistatic bio-nano composites pellets using a twin-screw extruder; (4) to assess the CED and CCD required and environmental impact generated during the synthesis of antistatic bio-nano composites; and (5) to estimate the performance, physical and mechanical characteristics of antistatic bio-nano composites as the new generation of electronic device packaging materials. The results of this research show that, based on their physical properties, M-DAG, CNC, PP, and supporting materials as potential raw materials for the synthesis of antistatic bio-nano composites. Based on the characteristics of mechanical, thermal properties, and electrical resistivity of antistatic bio-nano composites, making it has potentially developed as the new generation of electronic device packaging. The mechanical properties of antistatic bio-nano composites show the best antistatic
Keyword: antistatic bio-nano composites, mono-diacylglycerols, cellulose  nanocrystals, polypropylene, electronic device packaging

Judul: Optimization of Nature Adhesive Types and Adhesive Content in Environmental Friendly Areca Nuts Frond Composite Packaging Materials
Abstrak: Styrofoam memiliki dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Besarnya dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh penggunaan styrofoam, maka perlu dilakukan upaya mengembangkan material kemasan dari serat alam. Bahan baku yang berpotensi sebagai bahan baku material kemasan yaitu hasil sisa pemotongan pelepah pinang karena tersedia melimpah dan belum termanfaatkan. Penambahan perekat dalam pembuatan material kemasan sangat diperlukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas fisik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat material kemasan berkualitas tinggi dan ramah lingkungan serta menganalisis pengaruh jenis dan kadar perekat. Metode ini menggunakan 2 faktor, yaitu jenis perekat (molase, asam sitrat, dan maltodekstrin) dan kadar perekat (10%, 15%, dan 20%). Material kemasan dibuat dengan proses hot-press selama 10 menit pada suhu 200 oC. Jenis dan kadar perekat berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya serap air (DSA) dan kuat tarik material kemasan. Material kemasan dengan asam sitrat 20% memiliki nilai DSA lebih rendah dan kuat tarik lebih tinggi dibandingkan jenis dan kadar perekat lainnya., Styrofoam has a negative impact on the environment. The magnitude of the impact caused by the use of styrofoam, it is necessary to make efforts to develop packaging materials from natural fibers. Areca nuts frond are abundant and hasn’t utilized commonly, it has potential to be used as packaging raw materials. The addition of adhesives in the manufacture of packaging materials is necessary to improve the physical quality. This research aims to make high-quality and environmentally friendly packaging materials and to analyse the influence of adhesive types and levels. The effectiveness of adhesive type (molasses, citric acid, and maltodextrin) and adhesive content (10%, 15%, and 20%). Packaging materials can be made by hot-pressing process for 10 minutes at 200 oC. The result shows that adhesive type and adhesive content has significant effects towards physical properties of the packaging material. Packaging material with 20% citric acid have lower water absorption and higher tensile strength than other types and levels of adhesives.
Keyword: citric acid, maltodextrin, packaging material, molasses, areca nuts frond

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii