Judul: Pemanfaatan alat penangkap energi surya untuk pengeringan benih cabai merah (Capsicun annuum var. longum)
Abstrak: Pengeringan merupakan teknologi utama dalam penanganan pasca panen. Dalam memanfaatkan energi surya semaksimal mungkin perlu alternatif lain dengan membuat alat pengering yang cukup murah dan efisien dalam menyerap energi surya. Alat pengering benih energi surya yang dibuat ter- diri dari tiga komponen utama, yaitu alat pengumpul panas atau kolektor, kipas penghembus, dan ruang pengering. Alat pengering juga dilengkapi oleh elemen yang difungsikan sebagai energi alternatif bila energi surya tidak dapat digunakan. Penelitian bertujuan (1) merekayasa dan memanfaatkan alat pengering benih berenergi surya menggunakan unit penangkap energi matahari sederhana untuk mengeringkan benih cabai dan mengetahui kapasitas serta efisiensinya; (2) membandingkan hasil analisis viabilitas benih cabai merah yang dikeringkan menggunakan alat pengering benih energi surya, lamporan, alat pengering benih menggunakan elemen listrik dan box dryer. Hipotesa yang diajukan adalah alat pengering benih yang menggunakan unit penangkap energi matahari sederhana dapat mengeringkan benih cabai merah (Capsicum annuum var. longum) hingga mencapai kadar air yang aman untuk penyimpanan tanpa berpengaruh buruk terhadap viabilitas benih. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk analisis viabilitas benih adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan faktor tunggal. Faktor tersebut adalah perlakuan cara/ metode pengeringan dengan empat taraf yaitu: 1) pengeringan dengan memfungsikan elemen listrik yang terdapat pada alat pengering energi surya, 2) pengeringan menggunakan box dryer sistem tiup, 3) pengeringan dengan memfungsikan kolektor yang terdapat pada alat pengering energi surya 4) pengeringan pada lamporan sebagai pembanding…dst
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Alat Penangkap Energi Surya untuk Pengeringan Benih Cabai Merah (Capsicum annumm var. longum)
Abstrak: Pengeringan merupakan teknologi utama dalam penanganan pasca panen. Dalam memanfaatkan energi surya semaksimal mungkin perlu alternatif lain dengan membuat alat pengering yang cukup murah dan efisien dalam menyerap energi surya. Alat pengering benih energi surya yang dibuat terdiri dari tiga komponen utama, yaitu alat pengumpul panas atau kolektor, kipas penghembus, dan ruang pengering. Alat pengering juga dilengkapi oleh elemen yang difungsikan sebagai alternatif bila energi surya tidak dapat digunakan.
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Judul: Mixed effect models for high –dimensional longitudinal data with latent variables
Abstrak: A set of data that consist of repeated measurements on a large number of outcomes and covariates are known as high-dimensional longitudinal data. The high-dimensional longitudinal data may consist of several effects of interest that cannot be directly measured, known as latent factors or latent variables. During the last decade, the multivariate responses or high-dimensional in longitudinal data have been a big issue. The analysis of high-dimensional longitudinal data is complicated due to its complex correlation structures between outcomes. To understand changes over time of outcome variables, having correlations in individuals with explanatory variables is not enough. Hence, complex correlation structures between outcomes need to be considered. One approach that is commonly used to overcome high-dimensional longitudinal data is simultaneous equation modeling. A well-known simultaneous equation modeling method is the structural equation model (SEM). This approach has several appealing modeling abilities and can be used for high-dimensional longitudinal data. Under the SEM framework, the continuous time SEM is developed to avoid some issues associated with autoregressive and cross-lagged problems in SEM. Another simultaneous equation modeling method is by combining factor analysis and multivariate analysis methods to overcome high dimensional longitudinal data, namely latent factor linear mixed model (LFLMM). The factor analysis is used to reduce the high-dimensional outcomes, and the multivariate linear mixed model is used to study the longitudinal trends of several latent factors. One example of high-dimensional longitudinal data is the General Election Study. This study is carried out repeatedly to observe tendencies towards political attitudes and behavior over time in Belgium. The data contain political information, knowledge, perceptions, and preferences of a political party and the level of participation in politics. One of the most interesting things to study from the data is to analyze the change of political attitudes and behavior of respondents over time. Also, the relationship of changes in these outcomes is important to analyze. The General Election Study in Belgium was designed to include a representative sample of the target population under the Belgian electorate, so accurate estimates about the population could be made. This sampling design was created by the Institute for Social and Political Opinion (ISPO) and the Inter-university Center for Political Opinion Research (PIOP). The Belgian data set contained three subsamples, the Flemish (Dutch-speaking), the Walloon (French-speaking), and the Brussels Capital Region (Dutch and French-speaking). Several studies conducted on the Belgium data are carried out to understand the relationships between the latent variables Individualism (I), Ethnocentrism (E), and Authoritarianism (A) in Flanders. Cross-sectional or a longitudinal studies have also been carried out. In such cases, it is critical to capture the trend of the latent variables over time and, more importantly, whether there is any association or relationships between the development of nationalism (N), ethnocentrism (E), individualism (I), and authoritarianism (A) in Belgium. An empirical analysis of CT-SEM has been done to present the interdependencies among the four latent variables mentioned above on the basis of the General Election Studies for Belgium in 1991, 1995, and 1999 (Interuniversitair steunpunt politieke-opinieonderzoek, 1991, 1995, 1999). Although the four variables have been the subject of
Keyword: Belgium, CT-SEM, high-dimensional longitudinal data, LFLMM, Supplemented EM Algorithm