Judul: Penambatan Molekuler Xantin Oksidase oleh Senyawa Aktif Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum) sebagai Pengobatan Alternatif Asam Urat
Abstrak: Produksi asam urat berlebih di dalam tubuh dapat mengendap di persendian dan menimbulkan rasa nyeri dan kaku sehingga sendi mengalami pembengkakan. Penghambatan enzim xantin oksidase diketahui mampu menjadi jalan terapi dalam menghambat produksi asam urat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi interaksi molekuler xantin oksidase oleh senyawa aktif sirih merah yang berpotensi dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim xantin oksidase sebagai pengobatan alternatif asam urat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode in silico yaitu penambatan terarah (site directed docking). Ukuran pusat penambatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebesar x=26,7853; y= 9,9800; z= 113,3917 dengan nilai dimensi x=14 ; y=14 ; z=18. Potensi inhibisi terbaik dimiliki oleh sofalkon, asam protokatekuat, dan 2-(3,4-dimetoksi fenil)-6-etoksi-7- metoksi-1-naftol dengan nilai ∆G dan Ki yang lebih baik dibanding allopurinol serta memiliki interaksi residu yang cukup kuat terhadap sisi aktif xantin oksidase, Excess uric acid production in the body can settle in the joints and cause pain and stiffness si that the joints experience swelling. Inhibitoin of the xanthine oxidase enzym is known to be abe to be a therapeuticroute in inhibiting uric acid production. This research aims to identify the molecular interactions of xanthine oxidase by red betel compounds which had the potential to inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme as an alternative treatment for gout. The research was conducted using in silico method by site-directed docking. The size of the center retardation used in this research was x= 26,7853; y= 9,9800; z= 113,3917 with dimension value x= 14; y= 14; z= 18. The best inhibition potential was sofalcone, protocatechuic acid, and 2-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)-6-ethoxy-7- methoxy-1-naphtol with better ∆G and Ki values than allopurinol and had a fairly strong residual interaction with the active site of xanthine oxidase.
Keyword: molecular docking, red betel, uric acid, xanthine oxidase

Judul: Kajian Potensi Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman Herbal sebagai Anti Asam Urat dan Aktivitas Inhibisinya terhadap Xantina Oksidase
Abstrak: Artritis gout (asam urat) adalah penyakit gangguan sendi. Pencegahan gout dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan obat-obatan yang bekerja langsung pada enzim yang berperan meningkatkan kadar asam urat yaitu xantina oksidase. Penghambatan xantina oksidase terjadi oleh alopurinol. Penelitian bertujuan meninjau berbagai tulisan mengenai potensi beberapa ekstrak tanaman herbal sebagai inhibisi terhadap xantina oksidase untuk mengetahui potensinya sebagai anti gout (asam urat). Metode yang digunakan adalah menelaah pustaka primer berbagai tulisan, berupa jurnal, berita, makalah, skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat beberapa tanaman herbal yang memiliki senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid yang mampu menjadi inhibitor bagi xantina oksidase. Tanaman tersebut di antaranya, sidaguri, tempuyung, daun salam, daun alpukat, daun jarum tujuh bilah, dan keladi candik. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut memiliki potensi yang baik dalam menghambat xantina oksidase. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai aktivitas inhibisinya yang lebih tinggi dari alopurinol, Gout artritis (uric acid) is a disease of joint disorders. Prevention of gout can be done by giving drugs that work directly on enzymes that play a role in increasing uric acid levels, is xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol is inhibited by xanthine oxidase. This study aims to review various articles on the potential of several herbal plant extracts as xanthine oxidase inhibitors to determine their potential as anti-gout. The method used is a literature review for the primary literature of various kinds of writings, in the form of journa ls, news, papers, theses, and dissertations. The results showed that there were several herbal plants that had active compounds such as flavonoids which were able to become inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. These plants include sidaguri, tempuyung, bay leaves, avocado leaves, jarum tujuh bilah leaves, and keladi taro. These plants have good potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This can be seen from the value of its inhibitory activity which is better than alopurinol.
Keyword: gout, alopurinol, herbal plants, inhibition.

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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