Judul: In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and In Silico Antioxidant  Signaling Regulation by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Extract
Abstrak: Stres oksidatif di dalam tubuh dapat diatasi dengan menginhibisi protein Keap1 yang berasosiasi dengan Nrf2 dalam mekanisme persinyalan antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif ekstrak larva BSF yang dibudidayakan dengan substrat limbah dapur di Desa Sindangjaya, Cianjur sebagai antioksidan melalui pengujian DPPH dan prediksi in silico. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut aseton dan metanol serta dengan maserasi pemanasan menggunakan pelarut air, kemudian dianalisis dengan LC-MS/MS dan diuji DPPH. Potensinya sebagai inhibitor Keap1 secara in silico dengan uji bioavailabilitas, ADME, toksisitas, dan penapisan virtual. Senyawa aktif 1,5-Bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,5-pentanedione di dalam ekstrak air dari golongan benzotriazoles memiliki nilai energi afinitas yaitu -7,01 kkal/mol dan Methyl (S)-2-((S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino)-3 cyclohexylpropanamido)-3-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl) propanoate di dalam ekstrak aseton dari golongan asam amino, peptida, dan turunanya memiliki nilai energi afinitas sebesar -6,49 kkal/mol. Kedua senyawa tersebut merupakan kandidat terbaik sebagai inhibitor Keap1 dalam persinyalan antioksidan karena berinteraksi dengan residu Cys151., Oxidative stress in the body can be reduced by inhibiting the protein Keap1 from associating with Nrf2 in an antioxidant signaling mechanism. The study aimed to identify active compounds of BSF larvae extract cultivated with kitchen waste substrate in Sindangjaya Village, Cianjur as antioxidants with DPPH method and in silico prediction. Extraction was carried out using a multilevel maceration method with acetone and methanol solvents and followed by heated maceration with aqueous solvent. The extracts were analysed using LC-MS/MS method and DPPH test. Its potential as Keap1 inhibitor was predicted using in silico bioavailability test, ADME, toxicity, and virtual screening. The active compound of 1,5-Bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,5-pentanedione of the aqueous extract which is benzotriazoles group has an affinity energy value of -7,01 kcal/mol and Methyl (S)-2-((S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino)-3 cyclohexylpropanamido)-3-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl) propanoate in the acetone extract from the amino acid, peptides, and derivatives group has an affinity energy value of -6,49 kcal/mol. Both compounds are the best candidates for Keap1 inhibitors in antioxidant signaling due to their interaction with the Cys151 residue.
Keyword: antioksidan, DPPH, in silico, larva BSF, protein Keap1

Judul: Penghambatan Autooksidasi Lipid oleh Ekstrak Maggot Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens)
Abstrak: Stres oksidatif merupakan kondisi ketidakseimbangan antara produksi dan degradasi senyawa radikal bebas di dalam tubuh. Jumlah radikal bebas berlebih dapat diatasi dengan adanya antioksidan. Maggot Black Soldier Fly diketahui dapat mengaktifkan persinyalan antioksidan tubuh sehingga berpotensi dijadikan sumber antioksidan alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi metabolit dan menganalisis penghambatan proses autooksidasi lipid oleh ekstrak kasar maggot Black Soldier Fly asal Desa Sindangjaya, Cianjur. Sebanyak total 83 senyawa diidentifikasi pada ekstrak kasar maggot berdasarkan analisis menggunakan Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry. Aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi berdasarkan metode thiobarbituric acid dihasilkan oleh ekstrak metanol maggot yang diberi pakan limbah dapur, dengan nilai inhibisi sebesar 94,71% pada konsentrasi 5 μg/mL. Nilai ini jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan α-tokoferol yang hanya menghasilkan nilai inhibisi sebesar 74,85% pada konsentrasi yang sama. Ekstrak maggot yang diberi pakan limbah dapur memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih kuat dibandingkan dengan yang diberi pakan limbah pertanian., Oxidative stress is a condition of imbalance between the production and degradation of free radicals in the body. Excessive amounts of free radicals can be counteracted by the presence of antioxidants. The Black Soldier Fly maggot is known to activate antioxidant signaling, making it a potential source of natural antioxidants. This research aimed to identify metabolites and analyze the inhibition of lipid autooxidation process by crude extract of Black Soldier Fly maggot from Sindangjaya Village, Cianjur. A total of 83 compounds were identified in maggot crude extract based on Liquid Chromatography Tandem-Mass Spectrometry analysis. The highest antioxidant activity based on the thiobarbituric acid method was produced by the methanol extract of maggot fed with kitchen waste, with an inhibition value of 94.71% at a concentration of 5 μg/mL. This value was much higher than α-tocopherol which only produced an inhibition value of 74.85% at the same concentration. Maggot extracts fed with kitchen waste had stronger antioxidant activity than those fed with agricultural waste.
Keyword: Antioksidan, Autooksidasi Lipid, Maggot Black Soldier Fly, Metabolit, Metode Thiobarbituric Acid

Judul: Asymptotic Distribution of Estimator for the Intensity Function of a Doubly Periodic Poisson Process
Abstrak: In this manuscript, estimation of the intensity function of a doubly periodic Poisson process is discussed. It is assumed that only a single realization of the Poisson process is observed in a bounded window [0,n]. It is also assumed that the period of the intensity function is known. The rate of consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are formulated. Finally, a confidence interval for the local intensity function is also formulated.
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