Judul: Studi Adaptasi dan Perilaku Katak Bertanduk (Megophrys montana Kuhl & van Hasselt 1822) di Penangkaran Taman Safari Indonesia I Cisarua Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Indonesian safari park (TSI) as conservation institution in Indonesian is planning to carried out captive breeding prog as part of ex-situ amphibian conservation. One of the species selected is Megophrys montana. The pathogen fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) has been found in frogs of West Java, therefor effort to captive breeding frogs from the wild must include prevention of Bd infection by sterilization. The aims of this research is to look frog condition during captivity period after collection until pre sterilization, effectiveness sterilization of the pathogen fungi Bd to the survival ability and adaptation in captive breeding of M. montana in captivity after sterilization. Research is carried out in TSI on July-September 2012. Data collected using ad libitum sampling method. Frogs were sterilizied using Itraconazole (Sporanox 10 mg / m l ) 0.01% on 0.6% salinity applied on the skins for 5 minutes / days for 11 days. Number of frogs collected are six (two female and four male). All frogs were put in pairs on separates aquarium. However, on the 6th day one frogs were missing presumably by cannibalism. Therefor the remaining of five frogs are put in separate aquarium on the next day. All frogs in captivity were observed with normal behaviour as before sterilization. Most of M. montana individual showed quiet behavior during setrilization (87%). The function of terrarium is only sufficient for maintaining the lives of individual frogs. The size of terrarium at TSI was less than one meter which is not enough for the movement of M. montana. There is also differences of humidity condition between its natural habitat and terrarium, therefor there is a need to add rain chamber for artificial rain. The condition of all frogs in captivity during adaptation was normal and healthy. On average M. montana start feeding on the 4th day to the 6th day with a daily increases amount of cricket. Nearly all fros showed an increase body mass except one male individual which shown 0.5 g on 2nd week. However the same frog showed an increase of body mass. The low result of feed convertion rate indicates that the efficiency of feed were use for body weight growth. M. montana number 5 had a lowest feed convertion rate and the highest growth of body weight compared others. M. montana were active at 06.00 pm until 05.00 am. On morning and afternoon, all frogs slept under rock, wood and coconut shell. Generally all frogs will move by 07.00 pm until 10.00 pm. Four frogs spent time mostly under a rock and wood, where as male frog number 3 mostly used litters during the resting period. Frogs start calling on the 7th day in terrarium. Calls were emitted all day long and mostly heard on 02.00 pm until 05.00 pm
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Judul: Penggunaan metode spool track dalam menelaah pola pergerakan harian katak bertanduk (Megophrys montana) di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Studies on amphibian movement have been reported abroad, including selection of appropriate method. However, there is only two study on amphibian movement reported in Indonesia by Sholihat (2007) and Muliya (2010). This study aims to 1) find suitable material for spool track that well suited with body weight of M. montana., 2) map daily movement patterns of M. montana and describe microhabitat use of M. montana in Gede Pangrango National Park. Research was conducted at Ciwalen and Cibereum. Four types of spool were tried to selected frogs and movements were observed every three hours for 72 hours. Data from observations were then analyzed descriptively and quantitatively. Seven frogs (3 males, 4 females) were observed for 72 hours, each using a spool weight under less than 10% of body mass and there are one male frog were successfully observed using a spool weight more 10% from their body mass. Results showed that suitable spool equipment materials differ for males and females according to their body mass. The best materials for the male frog are made by plastic straws and mica, while for female frog it is made from plastic and piece of carambol powder plastic. Kruskal Wallis test on eight frogs indicated that the movement of every 3 hours during the day are significantly differ between male frogs and female frogs (H = 0.296, df = 1, P> 0.05). While the movement of every 3 hours during the night were significantly differ between male frogs and female frogs (H = 0.000, df = 1, P <0.05). Kruskal Wallis test also shows the average male frog movement every 3 hours in the day and night were not significantly different (H = 0.000, df = 1, P <0.05) in which males did not move much. In the contrary, there is significant differences between day and night 3 hourly movement for female (H = 0.049. df = 1, p <0.05). Females tend to move more during the night compared to afternoon. From observation, it appears that most of the male and female frogs have similar activities during the day, which is sleeping in a protected area away from the sun, such as under leaf litter, rocks, and logs or burrowing in the wood in tree root holes. The purpose of burrowing aims to avoid drought and retain moisture. Observations on microhabitats use showed that most frogs used wet leaf litter during the day and night. Therefore plants as producer of leaf litter needs to be protected.
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Judul: Aspek Komputasi Solusi Residu Kuadratik
Abstrak: Dalam menentukan apakah suatu kongruensi x2 º a (mod p) dengan a bilangan bulat dan p bilangan prima mempunyai solusi atau tidak dapat digunakan Kriteria Euler. Jika ( 1) / 2 ( ) 1 mod p a p - º maka x2 º a (mod p) mempunyai solusi. Jika x2 º a (mod p) mempunyai solusi, maka untuk mementukan solusinya dapat digunakan Algoritma RESSOL (Residue Solver). Algoritma RESSOL adalah algoritma acak (randomized algorithm) dan bukan algoritma deterministic, tetapi prosedur perhitungannya lebih praktis dan cepat. Algoritma RESSOL hanya dapat digunakan untuk mencari solusi dari x2 º a (mod p) dengan p prima ganjil. Tetapi dari Algoritma RESSOL tersebut dapat dikembangkan menjadi beberapa algoritma untuk mencari solusi dari x2 º a(mod pq) dengan p dan q prima ganjil, dan 2 (mod ) j x º a p dengan p prima ganjil dan bilangan bulat j ³ 2 .
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