Judul: Potential Development of Lobster Cultivation  Based on Seed Availability in Ujung Genteng, Sukabumi, West Java
Abstrak: Lobster merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan laut yang penting dan menjadi perdagangan global yang ekstensif. Potensi benih lobster di perairan Indonesia sangat besar. Vietnam merupakan salah satu negara tujuan ekspor benih bening lobster. Terbitnya PERMEN Nomor 16 tahun 2022 menyebutkan bahwa penangkapan benih lobster hanya dapat dilakukan untuk pembudidayaan di wilayah Indonesia. Indonesia belum memanfaatkan potensi perairan untuk pengembangan budidaya lobster terutama di Kepulauan Seribu. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini yaitu belum adanya data potensi pengembangan budidaya lobster berdasarkan ketersediaan benih di Indonesia, termasuk bagaimana strategi pengembangan usahanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung potensi ketersediaan benih bening lobster di Ujung Genteng untuk budidaya pembesaran lobster dan analisis strategi budidaya lobster. Data yang diperoleh baik data primer dan data sekunder akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis SWOT. Ketersediaan benih bening lobster di Desa Ujung Genteng yaitu 18.400.000 ekor pada bulan Oktober-November 2021. Strategi yang digunakan meningkatkan aktivitas budidaya lobster untuk menyerap ketersediaan benih bening lobster dengan memanfaatkan area yang sesuai dan menerapkan teknologi yang tepat sehingga produksi dan produktivitas usaha meningkat serta memperluas target pasar lobster konsumsi baik pada tingkat nasional maupun global dengan meningkatkan daya saing produk, Lobster is one of the important marine fishery commodities and has become an extensive global trade. Indonesian waters have a huge potential in lobster seeds. Vietnam is one of the destination countries for lobster seed exports. Regulation issuance from the Ministry of Maritime Affair and Fisheries (PERMEN) Number 16 of 2022 states that catching lobster seeds can only be done for cultivation in Indonesian territory. Indonesia has not utilized the potential of the waters for the development of lobster farming, especially in the Kepulauan Seribu. The problem in this research is that there is no data on the potential development of lobster cultivation based on the availability of seeds in Indonesia, including the business development strategy. This study aims to calculate the potential availability of lobster seeds in Ujung Genteng for growing lobster cultivation and analyze lobster cultivatuion strategies. The data obtained bot h primary data and secondary data will be analyzed using SWOT analysis. The availability of clear lobster seeds in Ujung Genteng Village is 18.400.000 in October-November 2021. The strategy used is to increased lobster cultivation activities to absorb the availability of clear lobster seeds by utilizing suitable areas and applying the right technology so that production is reduced and increased business productivity and expanded the target market for consumption lobster both at the national and global levels by increasing product competitiveness
Keyword: Business strategy, Clear Lobster seeds, Kepulauan Seribu, Ujung  Genteng, Puerulus

Judul: Business Analysis of Catching and Sustainable  Lobster Utilization in Pangandaran Regency, West Java
Abstrak: Lobster atau udang karang merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan unggulan pada pasar domestik maupun ekspor. Stok komoditas lobster saat ini masih bergantung pada alam. Sebagian besar di wilayah pengelolaan perairan Indonesia telah mencapai batas maksimum jumlah tangkapan yang diperbolehkan. Usaha penangkapan lobster sebagai salah satu satu pengelolaan wilayah perairan Pangandaran perlu dikaji untuk mengetahui bagaimana sumberdaya lobster dapat dimanfaatkan secara optimal dan berkelanjutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengidentifikasi kondisi biologi lobster di Perairan Kabupaten Pangandaran Jawa Barat; (2) menganalisis kondisi pemanfaatan optimal lobster di Perairan Kabupaten Pangandaran Jawa Barat; (3) menganalisis kelayakan usaha finansial penangkapan lobster di Perairan Kabupaten Pangandaran Jawa Barat; dan (4) menganalisis strategi kebijakan pengelolaan lobster secara berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Pangandaran Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu: (1) analisis kondisi biologi lobster; (2) analisis bioekonomi spasial; (3) cost benefit analysis; dan (4) analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Penelitian ini menunjukkan rata-rata lobster yang tertangkap di Kabupaten tidak sesuai dengan ukuran layak tangkap. Tingkat CPUE lobster memiliki nilai yang berfluktuatif, namun terjadi penurunan secara signifikan pada tahun 2021, sehingga alokasi penangkapan optimal yang direkomendasikan yaitu 396 trip/bulan. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, usaha penangkapan lobster layak untuk dijalankan. Adapun strategi kebijakan pengelolaan lobster yang dapat dilakukan agar tetap lestari yaitu dimulai dari pelarangan penangkapan benih bening lobster kemudian diikuti dengan kebijakan lainnya. Perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai laju pertumbuhan dan perkembangan biomassa lobster dan pengembangan budidaya lobster di Perairan Kabupaten Pangandaran, Jawa Barat., Lobster or crayfish is one of the leading fishery commodities in the domestic and export markets. Lobster commodity stocks are currently still dependent on nature. Most of the Indonesian water management areas have reached the maximum allowable catch. Lobster fishing as one of the management of the Pangandaran waters area needs to be studied to find out how lobster resources can be used optimally and sustainably. The aims of this study were: (1) to identify the biological conditions of lobsters in the waters of Pangandaran Regency, West Java; (2) analyzing the condition of optimal utilization of lobsters in the waters of Pangandaran Regency, West Java; (3) analyzing the financial feasibility of catching lobsters in the waters of Pangandaran Regency, West Java; and (4) analyze the policy strategy for sustainable lobster management in Pangandaran Regency, West Java. The methods used in this study were: (1) analysis of the biological conditions of the lobsters; (2) spatial bioeconomic analysis; (3) costbenefit analysis; and (4) qualitative descriptive analysis. This research shows that the average size of lobsters caught in the district is not suitable for catching size. The lobster CPUE level has a fluctuating value, but there will be a significant decrease in 2021, so the recommended optimal catch allocation is 396 trip/month the harvest season. Based on the results of the analysis, the lobster-catching business is feasible to run. The lobster management policy strategy that can be implemented to remain sustainable is to start with a ban on catching clear lobster seeds, followed by other policies. It is necessary to carry out further research regarding the growth rate and development of lobster biomass and the development of lobster cultivation
Keyword: bioeconomy, optimal fishing, sea lobster, sustainable fisheries

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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