Judul: Aplikasi Enzim dalam Meningkatkan Rendemen Pati Sagu
Abstrak: Sago plants are potential to be developed as an alternative food for people other than rice because Indonesia has a high productivity. Dried sago starch to produce a carbohydrate food source. Sago starch extraction process is done by physical or mechanical means. However, these methods can not produce the optimal yield of starch, the resulting yield of about 15-25%. Therefore required an alternative method using enzymes that can facilitate the release of the starch grains of sago plant tissue that is surrounded by a vacuole cell wall that restrict it so that the resulting starch yield is higher. The purpose of this research is to increase the yield of sago starch using the enzyme cellulase, an enzyme pektinase and mixtures of the two enzymes, enzyme concentration and know best. Experiment design used in this study is Complete Random Design (RAL) with two factors of type enzyme (cellulase, pektinase, and a mixture of both) and the concentration of enzyme (0.5 ml/1000 g; 1.0 ml/1000 g; and 1,5 ml/1000 g). Research conducted in two stages, including preliminary research stage and the primary research phase. Conducted preliminary stage to determine the incubation time to obtain the highest yield of all three types of enzyme activity used the enzymes cellulase, pektinase, and a mixture of both. Specified incubation time was 2 hours, 4 hours, and 6 hours. The result at the 6 hour incubation time gave the highest yield of the three types of enzymes that are used so that the incubation time that would be used for the main study is 6 hours. Overall treatment and pektinase cellulase enzymes and mixtures of both types of enzymes are capable of giving good results for increasing the yield of sago starch at 6-hour incubation time. Sago starch yield a very high 39.10% of achieving treatment resulted in a mixture of cellulase enzymes and enzyme concentration pektinase at 1.5 ml/1000 g. Compared with the control (without treatment) which produces only a yield of 17.04% is an increase in yield by 22%.
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Judul: Sakarifikasi Empulur Sagu (Metroxylon sagu) dengan Konsorsium Enzim Amilolitik dan Holoselulolitik untuk Produksi Bioetanol
Abstrak: Starchy materials such as sago in bioethanol production is one effort in finding solutions to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves but leaving a large amount of wastes. In this research, native sago pith was used directly for bioethanol production. Sago pith is heterogeneous substrates that need pretreatment to reduce the level of crystallinity of fibers and dissolve the starch; also required a number of enzymes to hydrolyze. This research aim is to determine the effects of microwave treatment and consortia of enzymes (α-amylase, amyloglucosidase and pullulanase, cellulase and xylanase) in fermentable sugar production process from the pith of sago palm and its utilization for bioethanol production. This study included the preparation of raw materials sago pith, pith composition analysis including proximate components, starch, amylose and the composition of fiber (cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin), characterization and preparation of enzymes for determining the optimum temperature, the process of hydrolysis and characterization of syrup. Furthermore, the results of hydrolysis are used in the production of bioethanol in batch and closed systems. The results showed that, microwave treatment made starch easy to swell and break the crystalline structure of fiber. Enzymes consortia in saccharification increased the fermentable sugar production but S. elippsoides used tend to convert glucose into organic acids in spite ethanol.
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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