Judul: Study of Ecological Aspect of Locust migratory (Locusta migratoria L.) (Orthoptera : Acrididae) and the Application of BioInseticide in Regency of Timor Tengah Utara and Belu Province Nusa Tenggara
Abstrak: t.:Sorn is a staplefood, other than rice, for people of Nusa Tenggara Timur. This dt:dP is commonly cultivated in dry land area together with others crops such as rici cucumber, peanut, etc. In 2007/2008 migratory locust, (Locusta migratm-ia 1.,) attacked com and rice plantation in Kabupaten of Timor Tengah Utara .and Belu and damaging the majority of com and rice plantation. Due to this plagueliifood supplies for local people were threatened. In order to control this pest, a ltudy of ecology of migratory locust and their control method using Green Guard~ OO ULV (contain spores of Metarhizium anisopliae 1.) were conducted. The objctives of these researches were 1) to study the characteristic of migratory locust habitat; 2) to study the effect of soil moisture on locust egg hatching, 3) to study Iacust morphometry in relation to their phase development, 4) to study the efficac.,..i. of Green Guard® 300 ULV (GG) against migratory locust nymphs . Habita~haracteristic (vegetation, soil texture, and altitude) was observed in 34 sample3:treas (1 m2 ) in 5 Kecamatan. The effect soil moisture on egg hatching condu4d using clay, clay sandy loam, and sandy loam with soil moisture of 40%, ~%, 80% and 100%. In morphometric studies the length of elytra, the lengthl hind leg femur, and the width of head were measured. Efficacy of Green Guard 0300 UL V against L. migratoria conducted using GG 100%, GG 1 :50, GG 1: 100Q?-GG 1 :3000 (in vegetable oil) and control. The result showed that the highest egg pods laid was found at the area covered with grass in sandy clay soil with the altitude between 0-100 m above sea level. The highest percentage of egg hatching was found at clay sandy loam soil with the of moisture 80%. Morphometric studies revealed that between February to April 2009 there were more solitary individuals than transient, however some individuals belong to gregarious phase. The efficacy test of Green Guard® 300 UL V showed that the highest nymphs mortality was found on the concentration of 100% GG.
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Judul: Pod Borer Maruca testulalis (Geyer) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)  and Their Control in Yardlong Bean Field
Abstrak: Kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.) merupakan salah satu jenis sayuran yang banyak dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Produktivitas kacang panjang sering terkendala oleh serangan organisme pengganggu tanaman (OPT), salah satunya hama penggerek polong Maruca testulalis. Secara umum, upaya pengendalian hama yang biasa dilakukan adalah menggunakan insektisida sintetik. Penggunaan insektisida sintetik secara terus menerus berdampak negatif terhadap organisme bukan sasaran dan lingkungan. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan memberikan informasi tentang bioekologi M. testulalis dan cara pengendaliannya pada pertanaman kacang panjang. Pengumpulan data dan informasi dilakukan dengan metode studi pustaka. Tahapan penulisan terdiri dari perumusan masalah, pengumpulan data, analisis dan simpulan. Hasil studi pustaka menunjukkan bahwa serangan M. testulalis ditemukan saat tanaman mulai berbunga atau memasuki fase generatif. Intensitas serangan M. testulalis dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan makanan dan musuh alami. Pengendalian M. testulalis dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan musuh alami seperti parasitoid Trichogramma evanescens, Apanteles taragamae, predator Eocanthecona furcellata, laba-laba Oxyopes javanus dan famili Lycosidae yang ada di pertanaman, serta penggunaan bioinsektisida Bacillus thuringiensis dan Beauveria bassiana, yang mulai dapat diterapkan sejak awal ditemukannya gejala serangan pada tanaman kacang panjang. Penggunaan insektisida nabati ekstrak biji mimba (Azadirachta indica), ekstrak daun sirsak (Annona muricata), ekstrak biji buah hutung (Barringtonia asiatica) dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengendalian untuk mengurangi penggunaan insektisida sintetik ketika populasi hama atau kerusakan sudah mencapai ambang pengendalian. Penggunaan insektisida klorantraniliprol, monosultap, klorpirifos, flubendiamida, dan lamda sihalotrin dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pengendalian terakhir dan dilakukan secara bijaksana., Yardlong bean (Vigna sinensis L.) is a vegetable type that widely consumed by Indonesian. Yardlong bean productivity is often constrained by the attack of plant pests, for example the pod borer Maruca testulalis. The continued use of synthetic insecticides as pod borer control measure by farmers can cause negative impact on environment and non-target organisms. This study outlines the information of M. testulalis bioecology and various control measures it in the yardlong bean field. Data and information collection were carried out using the literature study method. The writing stages consist of problem formulation, data collection, analysis, and making conclusions. Based on literature studies, the attack of M. testulalis was found when the plants began to flower or entered the generative phase. The intensity of M. testulalis attack was influenced by the availability of food and natural enemies. Control of M. testulalis could be done by utilizing natural enemies such as the parasitoid of Trichogramma evanescens, Apanteles taragamae, predators of Eocanthecona furcellata, Oxyopes javanus, and the Lycosidae spiders family in the field, also the use of bioinsecticide of Bacillus thuringiensis and Beauveria bassiana, which can be applied since the initial symptoms of an attack on yardlong bean plant. Botanical insecticide of extraction from neem seed (Azadirachta indica), soursop leaf (Annona muricata), and hutung fruit seed (Barringtonia asiatica) could be used as an alternative to reduce the use of synthetic insecticides when the pest or damage population has reached the control threshold. Synthetic insecticides of chloranthraniliprol, monosultap, chlorpyrifos, flubendamide, and lamda cyhalothrin could be used as a last alternative to control and carried out wisely.
Keyword: bioinsecticide, botanical insecticide, Natural enemies, synthetic  insecticide

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular