Judul: Gambaran respon kebal terhadap Newcastle Disease pada ayam pedaging yang divaksin IBD-Inaktif dan ditantang dengan virus IBD
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon kebal terhadap Newcastle Disease pada ayam pedaging (broiler) yang divaksin IBD-inaktif dan ditantang dengan virus IBD. Sebanyak 200 ekor ayam pedaging strain Cobb dibagi menjadi empat kelompok (K1, K2, K3 dan K4). Vaksinasi dilakukan pada hari ke-4, dimana kelompok K1 dan K2 divaksin dengan vaksin ND aktif dan ITA ND+IBD inaktif, sedangkan kelompok K3 dan K4 hanya divaksin dengan vaksin ND aktif dan ND inaktif. Uji tantang dengan virus IBD dilakukan pada hari ke-14, terhadap kelompok K1 dan K3. Pada hari ke-28 dilakukan vaksinasi ulang ND (booster) terhadap semua kelompok. Sampel yang diambil berupa darah untuk pengukuran titer antibodi ND dan dilakukan pada hari ke-4 (antibodi maternal), 14, 21, 28 dan 42. Pengukuran titer antibodi ND dilakukan dengan uji hemaglutinasi inhibisi, dan dianalisa menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dengan uji lanjut Duncan (α:0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi imunosupresi pada kelompok yang ditantang dengan virus IBD (K1 dan K3). Meskipun demikian, titer antibodi ND yang dihasilkan oleh kelompok yang divaksin IBD-inaktif (K1) mampu memproduksi antibodi pada tingkat protektif dengan nilai ≥ log 23 selama masa pengamatan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa vaksinasi IBD inaktif mampu melindungi ayam dari efek imunosupresi akibat infeksi virus IBD.
Keyword: Newcastle Disease, Titer antibodi ND, Virus IBD, Vaksin IBD-Inaktif, Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi (HI)

Judul: Gambaran respon kebal terhadap newcastle disease (ND) pada ayam pedaging yang di vaksin IBD-Killed setenagh dosis
Abstrak: This research aimed at learning immune response of againts Newcastle Disease (ND) on broiler were given half dose IBD-killed vaccine. Two hundred day-old broiler chicks where randomly divided into four groups of 50 chicks each. Before being divided, 25 chicks was taken their blood to know maternal antibodies titer against ND. On the 4'" day chicken groups P1 and P2 was vaccinated with ND active vaccine and ITA ND+IBD half dose inactive vaccine. The P3 and P4 chicken groups were vaccinated with ND active vaccine and ND inactive vaccine on the same day. The repeated ND active vaccination was given to all group on the 2Sth day. The against IBD challenge test was can-ied out on the 14"' day in the group PI and P3. Sample of blood was taken on the 1411', 21S', 2Sti', and 42"d day. Titer antibodies against ND observation were done with haemaglutination inhibition test against all the sample of senun. Results of the research showed that effect of iinuilosupresion happened to the group that was challenged by the IBD vims in the 1'' and 2"* week post infection. Four weeks after test, titer antibodies of groups that vaccinated ITA ND+IBD half dose inactive vaccine could increase, whereas the group that not vaccinated stayed low. Based on this research, showed that the vaccination of IBD-killed half dose could not protect the chicken towards effect immunosupresion up until two weeks after infection.
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Judul: Socioeconomic and psychological variables influencing household debt
Abstrak: The overall objective of this study was to examine factors influencing total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. The study examined the impacts of both psychological (credit attitudes and perception of future income) and socioe- conomic variables on total debt, total debt payment and patterns of debt payments. A conceptual model for this study was developed by incorporating the theory of borrower risk, the economic and psychological economic theory of borrowing, and the results of previous studies. This model identifies socioeconomic and psycholog- ical variables that influence total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. Socioeconomic variables included in the model are gender, race, mari- tal status, employment status, household size, age, education, and household assets. Psychological variables are credit attitudes toward the use of credit, and perception of future income. This study used data from the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances. The survey was sponsored by the Federal Reserve in cooperation with some other federal agencies. Data for the survey were collected by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan between August 1989 and March 1990. dst ...
Keyword: Gender