Judul: Aplikasi Eritromisin dan Kloramfenikol dalam Menekan Jumlah Campylobacter spp. dan Koliform pada Ayam yang Diinfeksi oleh Campylobacter jejuni
Abstrak: Campylobacter is one of the major pathogenic bacteria causing food poisoning that can be transmitted through poultry products. Infection C. jejuni and coliform in humans can be caused by eating contaminated food. Transmission can be achieved at the farm level with treatment suffering from campylobacteriosis in poultry, for example by administering antimicrobial. The aimed of this study was to determine the number of Campylobacter spp. and coliform in chickens were infected by C. jejuni before and after treatment with erythromycin and chloramphenicol. A total of 17 chickens kept divided into four experimental groups, namely (A) negative control, chickens were not infected by C. jejuni and without antibiotic treatment, (B) positive control, chickens were infected by C. jejuni and without antibiotic treatment, (C) chickens were infected by C. jejuni and were treated by erythromycin, and (D) chickens infected by C. jejuni and treated by chloramphenicol. Inspection was done in three times, in one day old chickens, after infection (12 days old chickens), and after treatment (17 days old chickens). The average number of Campylobacter spp. at one day old chickens was 2.0 + 0.57 MPN/g, while the average number of coliforms was 2.8 x 107 + 3.5 x 106 cfu/g. After was infected by C. jejuni, the average number of Campylobacter spp. increased to 46 + 27.15 MPN/g, while the average number of coliforms was 2.0 x 106 + 1.7 x 105 cfu/g. After treatment by erythromycin and chloramphenicol, the average number of Campylobacter spp. in both groups decreased, respectively 2.5 + 2.12 as MPN/g and 2 + 0 MPN/g, while the average number of coliforma much as 5.7 x 108 + 3.2 x 107 cfu/g and 4.3 x 108 + 1.7 x 108 cfu/g. From this research, erythromycin or chloramphenicol were effective for treatment of campylobacteriosis in chickens.
Keyword: 

Judul: Resistensi Campylobacter Jejuni Isolat Lokal terhadap Lima Jenis Antimikroba Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo
Abstrak: Campylobacter jejuni is one of the foodborne zoonotic pathogens that cause gastroenteritis in humans. Many reports from different countries showed that Campylobacter jejuni was resistant to some antimicrobial such as erytromycin, enrofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. The objective of this research were 1) to find the resistance of local isolates of Campylobacter jejuni (Demak and Kudus) against five types of antimicrobials: amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erytromycin, and ciprofloxacin, 2) to get the type and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to inhibit Campylobacter jejuni infection and 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of five types of antimicrobials (amoxicillin, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, erytromycin, and ciprofloxacin) for the treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from chicken meat that sold in the traditional markets and supermarkets. Resistance test was performed using disc diffusion method and broth dilution method. The result of disc diffusion method test showed that Demak isolates were resistant to two types of antimicrobials; ciprofloxacin (9 mm) and tetracycline (12,2 mm), while the Kudus isolates were sensitive to four types of antimicrobials. The results of broth dilution method test showed that Demak isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin (5 μg/ml) and tetracycline (20 μg/ml), while the Kudus isolates were sensitive to five types of antimicrobials. To evaluate the effectiveness of five types of antimicrobials for the treatment of Campylobacter jejuni infection, chickens were infected orally with Campylobacter jejuni (104 CFU) and then treated with five antimicrobials in each group. The result showed that generally the use of antimicrobials in treated groups could maintain the body weight compared to the untreated groups. It could be concluded that the local isolates of Campylobacter jejuni were resistant to antimicrobials; nevertheless infected chicken could still be treated effectively with antimicrobials.
Keyword: 

Judul: Relasi gender dalam hukum adat perkawinan sentana rajeg pada masyarakat Bali
Abstrak: Adat istiadat dan adat istiadat perkawinan dalam suatu masyarakat tidak bisa dihilangkan begitu saja oleh Tuhan karakteristik komposisi keluarga yang diikuti oleh masyarakat. Terkait, jika memang demikian dilihat dari komposisi keluarga di Bali yang menganut sistem keluarga paternalistik, seorang istri masuk ke dalam keluarga suaminya. Oleh karena itu, kedudukan laki-laki dalam masyarakat Bali keluarga sangat tinggi. Setiap keluarga berusaha memiliki anak laki-laki. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan Nikah nyeburin, yaitu perkawinan yang mana seorang laki-laki membuang keluarga dan kehidupannya sepenuhnya, keluarga istrinya. Kedudukan Sentana Rajeg dalam sistem pewarisan Adat istiadat Bali yang menempatkan anak perempuan sebagai ahli waris sama dengan anak laki-laki sebagai ahli waris. Meski begitu, anak perempuan tersebut hanya memiliki warisan dari orang tuanya properti. Sedangkan tugas mewakili keluarga sebagai anggota banjar, anggota desa adat, dan pura diserahkan kepada suami yang melaksanakan pernikahan nyeburin.
Keyword: Gender, Mariage balinese