Judul: Dosis Toksik dari Ekstrak dan Residu Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas, L.) Menggunakan Pelarut Metanol pada Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan jenis tanaman semak atau pohon yang dapat dimanfaatkan seluruh bagiannya, mulai dari daun, buah, kulit batang, getah dan batangnya. Bagian yang pemanfaatannya paling tinggi pada tanaman ini terdapat pada buahnya yang terdiri dari biji dan cangkang (kulit). Proses pengepresan yang dilakukan pada biji jarak pagar akan menghasilkan bungkil yang kemudian diekstraksi menghasilkan minyak jarak pagar. Minyak jarak pagar dapat diolah untuk menghasilkan biodisel, sedangkan bungkilnya dapat diolah untuk dijadikan bahan pakan alternatif bagi ternak. Bungkil biji jarak pagar (BBJP) memiliki kandungan protein tinggi yaitu 19-21%. Pemanfaatan BBJP sebagai pakan ternak masih membutuhkan pengolahan secara intensif, karena BBJP mengandung zat racun bagi ternak yang akan menimbulkan kematian apabila dikonsumsi dalam jumlah yang banyak. Phorbolester dan curcin dalam BBJP merupakan racun utama yang memiliki konsentrasi tinggi yang terdapat dalam BBJP (Makkar dan Becker, 1997). Zat-zat antinutrisi tersebut dapat dikonsentrasikan untuk dapat digunakan sebagai bahan racun atau toksik khususnya hama. Untuk mendapatkan zat antinutrisi yang pekat dapat dilakukan dengan cara ekstraksi. Salah satu zat pengekstrak yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan pelarut adalah metanol. Metanol diketahui merupakan bahan pengekstrak lemak, sehingga dapat mengikat zat antinutrisi yang mempunyai sifat larut lemak, termasuk phorbolester. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan dosis toksik pada mencit yang diberi ekstrak metanol BBJP dan residunya.
Keyword: jatropha, mice, Mus muculus, castor oil, livestock

Judul: Detoksifikasi Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dan Evaluasinya Secara in vitro dan in vivo terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas L. seed cake is a byproduct of the extraction process jatropha seeds to obtain oil from Jatropha (Jatropha oil). Production of jatropha oil from jatropha seeds, produces cake about 65-70% of the treated seeds. Jatropha curcas L. seed cake has very high proteins that are 56.4-63.8%. The very high protein content causes Jatropha curcas L. seed cake has the potential to be used as animal feed. However, some toxic compounds, especially phorbol ester can disrupt the digestive process and cause of death for cattle in a short time. This research aimed to obtain the best detoxification method and to determine the effects of its use in mice (Mus musculus). This research was initiated by proximate analysis on Jatropha curcas seed cake before detoxified. Detoxification consist of two methods of transesterification which includes of three treatment (transesterification followed by washing with water, transesterification followed by washing with hexane, and transesterification followed by washing with methanol) and solvent extraction includes four treatments (extraction of hexane- extraction of methanol-heating at temperature 60-80°C, extraction of hexane- extraction of methanol-autoclave at 121°C for 30 min, soaking NaOH- autoclave at 121°C for 30 min, and control autoclaved at 121°C for 30 min). Jatropha curcas seed cake which had been detoxified, then analyzed the content of phorbol ester and in vitro in rumen fluid. Jatropha curcas seed cake which contains the lowest phorbol ester then be tested in mice. Before detoxification, the phorbol ester of jatropha seed cake was about 795.78 mg / g meal. The results showed that detoxification could reduce the phorbol ester. Transesterification with methanol produced the lowest phorbol ester until 0.00 mg / g meal. Jatropha curcas seed cake result of transesterification with methanol washing was added to the diets of mice at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 10% containing 2.5% zeolite. The measured parameters was weight gain, mortality, food intake and digestibility, Protein Eficiency Ratio (PER) and Food Transformation Index (FTI). The results showed that the substitution of results of Jatropha curcas seed cake detoxification throughed the process of transesterification with methanol leaching into the diets of mice significantly affected the level of consumption of food substances. The best treatment was indicated by the ration with R3 treatment (15%)
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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