Judul: Quantification and Characterization of Bottom Acoustic Backscattering In Seribu Islands – Jakarta
Abstrak: Seabed has a very important role as the habitat for various living creatures, and critical part of aquatic environment. Nowadays, new methods to obtain information on bottom types, sediment characteristics and underwater vegetation in shallow water by using echosounder has flourished. In this paper, normal incident of acoustic waves were used to determine values of bottom backscattering strength (volume backscattering strength (Sv), surface backscattering strength (SS) and echo level (EL)). Sediment properties (acoustic impedance, bulk density, porosity, sound speed and sediment composition) were used to explain the acoustic measurement results. Data collection was carried out in Seribu Islands, Jakarta using SIMRAD EY 60 scientific echosounder systems with operating frequency 120 kHz. The results show that the average value of volume backscattering strength (Sv) for sand is -13,23 dB and silty sand is -21,15 dB. The average value of surface backscattering strength (SS) for sand is -23,30 dB and silty sand is -31,22 dB. The average value of echo level (EL) for sand is 177,94 ± 8,61 dB and silty sand is 167,23 ± 6,07 dB (Source Level (SL) for split beam transducer ES 120-7C series is 214 dB). These acoustics values were then used as input for PCA analysis to cluster seabed characteristics. It’s shown that the acoustic technique can be used to identify and classify sediments and map sediment provinces. Key words: sediment
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Judul: Pengukuran Hambur Balik Akustik Dasar Laut di Sekitar Kepulauan Seribu Menggunakan Split Beam Echosounder.
Abstrak: The purpose of this research is to compute the backscattering strength of the seabed by measuring volume backscattering strength (SV), bottom surface backscattering strength (SS), and the echo level (EL) from seabed using split beam echosounder. The research was conducted from 29th January to 3rd February 2011, around the Seribu Islands: Pramuka island, Panggang island, Karya island and Semak Daun island, North Jakarta. Acquisition of acoustic data was conducted using the SIMRAD EY 60 instrument. Acoustic data obtained from 9 stations simultaneously with sediment sampling. Acoustic processing data was conducted by Rick Towler program with Matlab based. The SV and SS were analyzed Manik et al, model by using. Sediment sampling station consisted of 9 stations: Pramuka island there are 1 station (Station 1), Karya island there are 2 stations (Station 2, and Station 3), Panggang island there are 3 stations (Station 4, Station 7, Station 9), and Semak Daun island there are 3 stations (Station 5, Station 6, Station 8). Sediment classified based on the sediment texture. Seabed surface sediments were separated into 3 types, they are: sand, mud, and clay. This analysis showed that the location of the 9 stations observation is dominated by sand fraction with the percentage of 80.85%. Mud and clay fractions had the average percentage value of 18.32% and 0.83%, respectively. The backscattering value (SV) of sand substrate ranged -10.62 to -18.51 dB with the average of -13.91 dB, and the muddy sand substrate ranged from -16.58 to -25.42 dB with the average -20.57 dB. The value of SS for the sand substrate ranged from -20.70 to -28.58 dB with the average value of -23.98 dB. Muddy sand substrate has a value of SS in the range of -26.64 to -35.49 dB with the average SS of -30.64 dB, from this research, the classification of seabed type using hydroacoustic technology was possible.
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Judul: Respons Ketahanan Sepuluh Kultivar Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.) terhadap Infeksi Tobacco mosaic virus
Abstrak: Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) merupakan salah satu virus yang baru dilaporkan dapat menginfeksi tanaman mentimun. Informasi mengenai respons ketahanan tanaman mentimun terhadap infeksi TMV belum ada, sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan menguji respons ketahanan sepuluh kultivar komersial mentimun terhadap infeksi TMV. TMV diinokulasi secara mekanis pada sepuluh kultivar mentimun. Peubah penyakit yang diamati yaitu waktu inkubasi, tipe gejala, insidensi, keparahan penyakit, indeks keparahan penyakit dan titer virus, serta peubah agronomi yaitu tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah bunga. Titer virus dideteksi dengan metode DAS-ELISA menggunakan antiserum spesifik TMV. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan waktu inkubasi pada tanaman uji berkisar dari 6.9˗12.4 hari setelah inokulasi (HSI) dengan insidensi penyakit berkisar 30-100% tergantung kultivar. Tanaman yang terinfeksi TMV menunjukkan gejala bervariasi dari mosaik ringan hingga berat. Skor keparahan berkisar dari 1.8˗3.0 dengan indeks keparahan penyakit berkisar 0.1-33.3 dan titer virus berkisar dari 0.266˗0.646. Secara umum, Infeksi TMV kurang menghambat pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, namun mengurangi jumlah daun pada kultivar Yupiter dan jumlah bunga pada kultivar Alicia F1, Baby 007 F1, Yupiter secara signifikan. Berdasarkan parameter yang diamati, kultivar Vanesa F1 dan Kancil dikategorikan sebagai kultivar tahan, kultivar Naya F1, Panda, Wulan F1, dan Yupiter dikategorikan toleran, serta kultivar Alicia F1, Baby 007 F1, Maestro, dan Monza F1 dikategorikan rentan terhadap infeksi TMV.
Keyword: Gejala mosaik, inokulasi mekanis, ketahanan, titer virus