Judul: Karakteristik minyak ikan dari limbah pengolahan filet ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypopthalmus) dan Patin Jambal (Pangasius djambal)
Abstrak: Patin (Pangasius sp) which is the common name is catfish, has been well-known as a highly economic freshwater fish in Indonesia. Its high lipid content considered as source of unsaturated fatty acids including omega-3 which brings advantages for human health. This research project aims to obtain physico-chemical characteristics of the purified oil derived from the waste of Siam (Pangasius hypothalamus) and Jambal (Pangasius djambal) catfish fillet production, particularly on its fatty acids and glycerides profile. The project had been done in stages including raw material (waste from catfish fillet processing) characterization, oil extraction, oil purification, and purified oil characterization. Fish oil extraction is conducted by using a modified wet rendering method. During the catfish fillet processing, besides of getting the flesh-fillet as the main product, it remains also the other parts of fish (waste) that can be classified into 6 components i.e. head, spin-fin, skin, belly flap, trimmed flesh, and viscera. The head, belly flap, and viscera are considered to be the potential parts using for raw material in fish oil production that could yield the crude oil of 9.84%, 28.52%, and 20.34%, respectively derived from Siam, while 9,54%, 25,60% dan 30,05% derived from Jambal catfish. Fatty acids profile derived from both Siam and Jambal catfish showed that the palmitic and oleic acids are the major components. The percentage of long chain unsaturated fatty acid showed a higher amount of the total lipid, that were 53.24%, 54.38%, 52.74% respectively derived from head, belly flap, and viscera of Siam, and 62.70%, 62.92%, 61.97% derived from Jambal catfish. Even though only in small amount, Omega-3 fatty acids i.e. linoleic, EPA and DHA were detected in this experiment from both species. The typical result of FTIR spectrum profile were obtained. Nevertheless, in the range of 3050 – 2800 cm-1 representing the unsaturated fatty acids, FTIR absorbance on Jambal catfish showed a bigger and more sharply spectrum. Glycerides profile resulted 19 types of TAG in both spesies. According to the standard, 11 types of TGA were identified, which are OLO, PLO, PLP, OOO, POO, POP, PPP, SOO, POS, PPS and LaPP/MMP, respectively based on ECN and retention time. Hydrolysis using lipase enzyme from mold Thermomyces lanuginosa could specifically hydrolyze the position of sn-1 and sn-3 of TAG into DAG and MAG. DSC results demonstrated the 3 zones of melting point of Siam catfish oil, i.e range of (-30) – (-16)C, range of (-16) – 25C, and range of 25 – 46C. While in Jambal catfish oil, it was earlier detected, i.e. at -34C at the range up to 40C.
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Judul: Karakteristik Filet Ikan Patin (Pangasius sp.) Dalam Negeri dan Impor
Abstrak: Ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) merupakan salah satu ikan nasional yang budidayanya meningkat secara signifikan setiap tahunnya. Kebutuhan ikan patin di Indonesia mencapai 700 ton/bulan, produksi patin dalam negeri hanya 100-120 ton, sisanya diperoleh dari impor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan dan membandingkan karakteristik filet ikan patin dalam negeri dan impor. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi analisis proksimat, profil asam lemak, profil asam amino, warna, konsentrasi mioglobin, dan uji organoleptik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa filet patin Jambi mempunyai kadar protein, kadar lemak, dan kadar abu tertinggi dan berbeda nyata dengan yang lainnya (P<0,05). Filet patin Jambi mengandung asam lemak jenuh (SAFA) dan asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal (MUFA) tertinggi, namun kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh jamak (PUFA) terendah. Kandungan asam amino tertinggi terdapat pada filet patin Jambi. Analisis warna dengan nilai L, a, dan b tertinggi secara berturut-turut yaitu filet patin Karawang, impor, dan Jambi. Berdasarkan uji organoleptik, perbedaan lokasi tidak mempengaruhi cita rasa dan aroma sampel., Catfish (Pangasius sp.) is the one of national freshwater fish that its cultivation increases significantly every year. The demand of catfish fillet in Indonesia reaches 700 ton/month but domestic just produces about 100-120 ton/month; the others imports from abroad. The objective of this study was to determine and compare the sensory and chemical characteristic of domestic and import catfish. This study determine proximate composition, fatty acid and amino acid profiles, color, myoglobin concentration, and organoleptic test. The result showed that Jambi’s catfish fillet had the highest protein, fat, and ash contents and significantly difrerent with the others (P<0.05). Jambi’s catfish fillet contained the highest amino acid it also had the highest saturated fatty acids (SAFA) and mono unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). However, it had the lowest poly unsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). In adition, the highest value of L, a, and b were found on fillet from Karawang’s catfish, import catfish, and Jambi’s catfish, respectively. The highest myoglobin concentration obtained from Jambi. Based on organoleptic test, differences of location did not affect to taste and smell of sample.
Keyword: filet patin, kandungan gizi, mioglobin, warna

Judul: Persamaan Geodesik Black Hole dengan Metrik Kerr 4+1 Dimensi dalam Koordinat Waktu Kosmik
Abstrak: Persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi dalam koordinat waktu kosmik merupakan interpretasi lain dari persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi, dimana acuan waktu yang digunakan diubah dari koordinat waktu wajar (proper time) ke dalam koordinat waktu kosmik (cosmic time). Waktu kosmik merupakan koordinat waktu yang dimana pengamat bergerak mengikuti ekspansi dari alam semesta. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi yang telah ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya menjadi persamaan geodesik yang memiliki fungsi terhadap dimensi waktu (t). Hasil akhir dari transformasi persamaan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan studi pustaka untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai persamaan geodesik black hole dalam koordinat waktu kosmik.
Keyword: Dimensi ekstra, Metrik Kerr, Persamaan geodesik, Waktu kosmik