Judul: Pembuatan dan Penentuan Umur Simpan Minuman Hidrolisat Daging Kambing Kacang (C. aegragus hircus)
Abstrak: Goat is one of farming commodity that has considerable potential and opportunities to be developed in Indonesia. Hydrolysis of protein in goat’s meat will produce meat hydrolyzate with better solubility and digestibility than goat meat. Meat hydrolizate has been used for making beverage. The problem that occurs is the smell of goat meat which less preferred. In this study, beverage products will be made from goat meat hydrolyzate with the addition of orange essens. The most preferred formula is by addition of 0,09% fruit essens. This product was made by two heat treatment, sterilization and pasteurization. This product has 7,1 of pH value, 8,0 brix of total soluble solid, and Yellow Red in colour. Meaty flavor that still appears on this product causes the lacking of acceptance in taste parameters, but overall, this product is acceptable by the panelists (overall score of 5.03 for sterilized product and 5,00 for pasteurized product). The protein digestibility of sterilized product is 10,11%, whereas the pasteurized product has 1,52% protein digestibility. The protein digestibility of this product was count relatively to the digestibility of casein (100%). The self life of sterilized product is 164 days in chiller storage and 43 days in room storage based on total plate count of the product.
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Judul: Pengembangan Minuman Berbasis Hidrolisat Daging Kambing dan Penentuan Umur Simpannya
Abstrak: Development of goat meat hydrolysate-based beverage could improve the utilization of goat meat. The purpose of this research was to produce a hydrolysate beverage which could be accepted by consumers and have more than two weeks shelf life at low temperature storage. Beverage was made by two different heat treatments, i.e. pasteurization at 75 oC for 27 minutes and 85 oC for 19 minutes, then stored at 8 oC. Product was analyzed its protein content, organoleptic and shelf life. The protein content in hydrolysate beverage was 0.26% (wet basis). The organoleptic tests showed that the most preferred beverage was made by addition of 0.09% orange essence and differences in heat treatment did not affect the product acceptance. The shelf life of pasteurized beverage at 75 oC for 27 minutes was 82 days while pasteurized at 85 oC for 19 minutes was 111 days at low temperature storage based on the total plate count of the product. The results showed that hydrolysate beverage had more than two weeks shelf life at low temperature storage and had been accepted organoleptically by consumer.
Keyword: shelf life, pasteurization, goat meat hydrolysate, beverage

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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