Judul: Kemunduran Mutu Udang Putih: Organoleptik, Blackspot, Histologis, dan Enzimatis
Abstrak: White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has a short term degradation because its surface area is tinier than fish. The aim of this research to determine the degradation process by organoleptic, blackspot, histologic, and enzymatic activities of catepsine. The result of organoleptic that pre rigor phase in shrimp happened for 0-2 days, rigor mortis happened for 3-11 days, post rigor happened for 12-17 days, and deterioration happened more than 18 days after incubation. The blackspot had started to cephalothorax and pereiopod. The result of histology shows that the muscle fibers in pre rigor still looked compact and dense, the muscle fibers in rigor mortis began shrinkage, the muscle fibers in rigor mortis shrinkage caused empty space. The biggest value of enzymatic activities for catepsin happened at rigor mortis phase.
Keyword: Litopenaeus vannamei, degradation, histology, cathepsin enzym, Blackspot

Judul: Analisis Kemunduran Mutu Udang Vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) secara Kimiawi dan Mikrobiologis
Abstrak: Shrimp is perishable commodity susceptible to damage and quality deterioration. This research aimed to assess the deterioration process by organoleptic, chemical and microbiological characteristics. The organoleptic characteristic was used to determine the degradation phase. Prerigor phase in shrimp was happened for 0-2 days, rigor mortis for 3-11 days, postrigor happened for 12-17 days, and deterioration after 17 days of storage. Chemical characteristics of degradation were determined by pH value, total volatile base (TVB), indole, and activity of polyphenoloxidase enzyme. Microbiological characteristics of degradation were determined by total plate count (TPC) and spoilage bacteria. The value of pH, TVB, and TPC increased in regard with vaname shrimp degradation. Enzymatic activity of PPO occurred intensely during rigor mortis phase. Bacteria found in the shrimp were proposed as Gram negative and Gram positive by Gram staining.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), TVB., TPC, pH, organoleptic, degradation, indole, PPO enzyme

Judul: Group Operation Algorithm Formulas that Generated by Hyperelliptic Curve y2+xy = x5+x2+x over F297 Field
Abstrak: Kurva hipereliptik adalah kelas spesial dari kurva aljabar dan dapat dipandang sebagai generalisasi kurva eliptik. Pengembangan kurva hipereliptik dapat diterapkan dalam bidang kriptografi kunci publik, seperti dalam pertukaran kunci Diffie-Hellman. Penelitian ini mempunyai tiga tujuan utama. Pertama menganalisa tingkat keamanan kurva hipereliptik y2 +xy = x5 +x2 +x atas lapangan F297 . Kedua membentuk formulasi operasi grup yang dibangkitkan oleh kurva hipereliptik y2+xy = x5+x2+x atas lapangan F297 yang efisien. Ketiga membentuk algoritme operasi grup yang dibangkitkan oleh kurva hipereliptik y2 +xy = x5 +x2 +x atas lapangan F297 . Metode penelitian ini dibagi menjadi lima tahap. Tahap pertama menganalisa keamanan kurva hipereliptik y2+xy = x5+x2+x atas lapangan F297 . Tahap kedua membentuk formulasi operasi ganda efisien dari grup yang dibangkitkan oleh kurva hipereliptik y2 +xy = x5 +x2 +x atas lapangan F297 . Tahap ketiga membuat formulasi operasi adisi efisien dari grup yang dibangkitkan oleh kurva hipereliptik y2+xy = x5+x2+x atas lapangan F297 . Tahap keempat membuat algoritme operasi ganda yang dibangkitkan oleh kurva hipereliptik y2+xy = x5+x2+x atas lapangan F297 . Tahap kelima membuat algoritma operasi adisi yang dibangkitkan oleh kurva hipereliptik y2+xy = x5+x2+x atas lapangan F297 . Untuk menerapkan sistem kriptografi logaritma diskret menggunakan kurva hipereliptik, pemilihan kurva dan lapangan yang sesuai merupakan hal yang mendasar. Pemilihan kurva hipereliptik genus dua dengan lapangan berkarakteristik dua sangat menarik untuk dikembangkan. Dalam penelitian ini akan dipilih kurva hipereliptik y2 +xy = x5 +x2 +x atas lapangan F297 . Order grup Jacobian H dari kurva hipereliptik y2+xy = x5+x2+x atas lapangan F297 , dinotasikan dengan #H dapat terbagi atas bilangan prima besar sebesar 53 digit desimal. Hai ini dikategorikan sebagai kurva yang dapat bertahan dari serangan kriptografi Poligh Helman dan Polard Rho. Kurva hipereliptik ini juga dapat bertahan dari serangan kriptografi Frey Ruck karena bilangan prima besar dari faktorisasi #H tidak terbagi oleh 297k�����1 untuk semua k, di mana masalah logaritma diskret didalam F297 ada jika (1 k 2000=97). Penelitian ini menghasilkan formulasi operasi ganda dan formulasi adisi yang dibangkitkan oleh kurva hipereliptik y2 +xy = x5 +x2 +x atas lapangan F297 dan algoritme operasi ganda dan algoritme operasi adisi yang diperoleh dari hasil formulasi., generalitation of elliptic curve. Hyperelliptic curve were an inggridient in public key cryptography such as excange key Diffie-Hellman. This research has three main purpose. First, to analyze security level of hyperelliptic curve y2+xy = x5+x2+x over F297 field. Second, to make a formulation of group operation that generated by hyperelliptic curve y2+xy = x5+x2+x over F297 field. Third, to construc group operation algorithm that generated by hyperelliptic curvey2+xy = x5+x2+x over F297 field. The method of this research is divided by five steps. Firts step, analyze security level of hyperelliptic curve y2 +xy = x5 +x2 +x over F297 field. Second step, formulate an efficient doubling operation that generated by hyperelliptic curve y2 +xy = x5 +x2 +x over F297 field. Third step, formulate an efficient addition operation of group that generated by hyperelliptic curve y2+xy = x5+x2+x over F297 field. Forth step, build doubling operation algorithm that generated by hyperelliptic curve y2 +xy = x5
Keyword: Cantor algorithm, Divisor, Formulation; Group, Hyperelliptic curve, Cryptosystem, Cryptography, Poligh helman, Algoritme operasi, Group jacobian kurva