Judul: Evaluation of Dietary Cinnamaldehyde Supplementation On The Growth, Nutrient Utilization, Protein Sparing, and Fillet Quality of Nile Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus
Abstrak: Cinnamaldehyde is an active organic compound and an aromatic aldehyde substance found in cinnamon oil. It is a new feed supplement for animals that can improve growth, nutrient digestion and absorption, lipid use, and immunity. The present study evaluated the effects of dietary trans-cinnamaldehyde 98 % (CIN) on nutrient utilization, antioxidant capacity, and growth performance in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Juveniles used was weighing at about 19.77 ± 0.10 g received dietary CIN at different doses (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 g/kg feed). The fish were maintained in a glass aquarium of 95 × 45 × 35 cm3 in size at a stocking density of 20 fish per aquarium and fed three times a day to clear satiation. Dietary carbohydrate digestion and absorption were significantly improved in fish fed 0.75 g/kg CIN, as indicated by increased amylase activity and glucose tolerance test. The latter was subsequently confirmed by increases in relative ir, glut4, hx and gs expression that indicated the increase in glucose absorption led to an increase in glucose utilization as an energy source and the synthesis of glycogen as an energy reserve. Interestingly, dietary CIN supplementation also resulted in the downregulation of fas, which facilitates the conversion of glucose to fatty acids, and the upregulation of cpt1a and hsl, indicating increased fatty acid oxidation for energy. CIN at a range of 0.5–0.75 g/kg improved the antioxidant status in the liver, as illustrated by elevated glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities (both P < 0.05). Final weight, feed consumption, the specific growth rate, feed efficiency, and protein retention increased were significantly in all CIN groups, with the highest values reached in the 0.5 g/kg CIN (all P < 0.05). Based on a polynomial orthogonal analysis of the fish-specific growth rate, the optimum dosage of CIN inclusion is 0.42 g/kg.
Keyword: antioxidant

Judul: Growth performance and antioxidants of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) fed  with citral addition
Abstrak: Citral merupakan salah satu bahan aktif yang terkandung dalam berbagai bahan alami seperti serai dan kulit jeruk. Citral berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai fitoadditive pada pakan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan melalui peningkatan pemanfaatan karbohidrat pakan dan antioksidan pada ikan nila merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan citral pada pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan aktivitas antioksidasi pada juvenil ikan nila merah (Oreochromis sp.). Penelitian ini menggunakan lima perlakuan pakan dengan tingkat penambahan citral yang berbeda dengan empat ulangan. Dosis citral yang digunakan yaitu 0 mg/kg (kontrol), 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, dan 100 mg/kg pakan. Ikan nila yang digunakan berukuran 1,21 ± 0,02 g sebanyak 15 ekor yang dipelihara dalam akuarium 0,8 × 0,4 × 0,35 m3 selama 60 hari. Ikan diberi pakan secara at-satiation dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan tiga kali sehari. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan fitoadditive citral pada pakan tidak berpengaruh pada biomassa akhir (252-286 g), bobot individu akhir (19,82-22,05 g), tingkat kelangsungan hidup (85- 93 %), rasio efisiensi protein (2,66-3,15), aktivitas antioksidasi (114-119 U/ g protein) dan rasio konversi pakan (1,20-1,15) pada ikan nila merah. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan citral pada pakan sebanyak 25 - 100 mg/kg pakan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan, pemanfaatan pakan dan aktivitas antioksidan pada juvenil ikan nila merah., Citral is one of the active ingredients contained in various natural ingredients such as lemongrass and orange peel. Citral has the potential to be used as a phytoadditive in feed to improve growth performance by increasing the utilization of feed carbohydrates and antioxidants in red tilapia. This study aims to evaluate the effect of adding citral to feed on the growth performance and anti-oxidation activity of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp.). This study used five dietary treatments with different levels of citral with four replicates. Citral doses used were 0 mg/kg (control), 25 mg/kg, 50 mg/kg, 75 mg/kg, and 100 mg/kg of feed. 15 tilapia fish measuring 1,21 ± 0,02 g were reared in an aquarium of 0,8 × 0,4 × 0,35 m3 for 60 days. Fish were fed at satiation with a frequency of three times a day. The results of this study indicated that the addition of phytoadditive citral had no effect on final biomass (252-286 g), final mean body weight (19,82-22,05 g), survival (85-93 %), protein efficiency ratio (2,66-3,15), antioxidant activity (114-119 U/g protein) and feed conversion ratio (1,20-1,15) in red tilapia. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the addition of citral to feed as much as 25-100 mg/kg of feed has no significant effect on growth performance, feed utilization and antioxidant activity in red tilapia.
Keyword: antioxidation, citral, growth, red tilapia

Judul: Pola Pernikahan Masyarakat Batak Karo di Perantauan
Abstrak: Pernikahan adalah budaya yang tidak akan pernah berhenti, pernikahan akan terjadi secara berkelanjutan Dasarnya, karena pernikahan merupakan kebutuhan biologis manusia. Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya akan budaya dan etnis. Setiap suku di Indonesia mempunyai tata cara/adat istiadat dalam pelaksanaan pernikahan itu sendiri. Begitupun dengan suku Batak karo yang mempunyai sendiri tata cara pelaksanaan pernikahan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman Karo Banyak masyarakat yang merantau ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya Bogor berjalan-jalan. Masyarakat Karo yang merantau ke wilayah Bogor pada umumnya akan berusaha melakukan adaptasi ke negara tempat tinggal baru. Keadaan ini juga terjadi pada perkawinan Karo dalam pola adaptasi di Bogor. Namun adaptasi pernikahan masyarakat Karo di Bogor berupaya menjaga nilai-nilai budaya Karo dan sakralisme perkawinan. Mereka do Karo Dimodifikasi pada pola perkawinan, dengan tetap menjaga nilai budaya pernikahan.
Keyword: Weddings Karo, Adaptation marriage patterns, Attitudes