Judul: Peningkatan nilai tambah minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas Linn) untuk pembuatan sabun transparan
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas Linn has been known as a plant that has medicinal properties include in its oil. This paper attempt to describe how to increase added value of Jatropha curcas Linn oil in form of transparent soap. This research used Jatropha curcas Linn oil in transparent soap formula has been conducted. The treatment in this reasearh was only concentration level of Jatropha curcas oil in the transparent soap formula. The effect of oil concentration level in transparent soap formula was identified by water content, free fatty acid content, free alkaline, unsaponiviable fraction, mineral oil content, and foam stability. Transparent soap that was produced then tested to the consummer. Organoleptic test (hedonic test) was performed to know the consummer preference through scent effect, appearance, effect on the skin, hardness, transparency level. Overall test then ranked and the best soap that contain Jatropha curcas Linn oil was 5 %. Added value also was counted in transfoming of Jatropha curcas Linn oil into transparent soap.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Minyak Jarak Pagar (Jatropha Curcas L.)  Sebagai Bahan Dasar Sabun Mandi
Abstrak: Jatropha plant (Jatropha curcas L.) is the plant where the habitat is commonly found in America, Africa and Asian tropical area includes Indonesia. This plant have lots of properties such as curing wound on skin, worm medicine, flatulent medicine and tooth medicine. Oil which extracted from its plant can be used as a base material for making soap, biodiesel, insecticides, and other medical use. Bath soap is the primary needs for human because it uses for cleaning up the body from the dirt which coming from oil, sweat, dust etc. Simple soap making is by reacting the NaOH base solution or as known as caustic soda, the process it called saponification. The two most critical chemical components of the soapmaking process are contact and heat.The soap that made in this research is an opaque soap. The main purposes of this research are to learn the characteristics of the opaque soap that made from the jatropha oil (Jatropha curcas L.) material and also to find the best soap with the NaOH and cassava starch composition that have been arranged. The research was started by working a material analysis of jatropha seed which includes water content analysis, ash content analysis, fat content analysis, protein content analysis, carbohydrate content analysis and also acidity level (pH). Afterward, working the main research that is the soapmaking process which its formula were made based on the oil saponification value itself. The soap were differ by the cassava starch addition that is 0 %, 2,5 %, 5 % and 7,5 %. The NaOH solvent used in this research were differ by concentration 30 % and 35 %. The soaps that has been produced, then, physical-chemically analyzed, and tested by preference test. Physical-chemistry analysis in this research are based on the SNI (1994). Finally, the result of both analysis and test were used to determine the best soap using the scoring method. The experiment design used in this research are known as randomize completely design with two factors. The factors that examined in this research are the concentration of NaOH that is 30 % and 35 %, and the concentration of cassava starch that is 0 %, 2,5 %, 5 % and 7,5 %. The percentage of all of its concentration are counted from the final weight of soap produced. In the physical-chemistry analysis, to know the effect the addition of cassava starch, the NaOH solvent or both of it altogether were performed with the analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test. In the preference test, to know the effect of both factors were performed with the Friedman test with the level of significance 95 % ( =0,05). Chosen panelists for this test were classified into untrained panelists and all of it are part member of society who are common using bath soap especially opaque soap. The result of the scoring method could not determined the best soap, because at the end of the calculation there were five soaps which have the same scores that is 2,580. Those five soaps are coded 102 (soap with NaOH 30 % and
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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