Judul: Total Flavonoids and Inhibition of Secang and Kacang Gude Water Extract against the Activity Monoamine Oxidase A as an Antidepressant
Abstrak: Depresi adalah gangguan yang dapat memengaruhi perubahan mental yang disebabkan oleh peningkatan aktivitas enzim monoamina oksidase A (MAO-A). Pengujian terhadap aktivitas antidepresan dapat dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode inhibisi terhadap enzim monoamina oksidase A (MAO-A) menggunakan ekstrak secang (Caesalpinia sappan L.) dan kacang gude (Cajanus cajan L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan total flavonoid serta aktivitas antidepresan ekstrak air secang dan kacang gude melalui inhibisi enzim MAO-A. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak air daun secang sebesar 23,72%. Hasil total flavonoid tertinggi dihasilkan oleh ekstrak air daun secang sebesar 10,69 mg KE/g ekstrak dan daun kacang gude sebesar 5,74 mg KE/g ekstrak. Pengujian daya inhibisi terhadap MAO-A dibandingkan dengan clorgyline sebagai inhibitor control (IC). Daya inhibisi terhadap MAO-A tertinggi dihasilkan oleh ekstrak air daun secang sebesar 87,08% dan biji kacang gude sebesar 76,06%. Nilai persentase inhibisi tersebut lebih besar dibandingkan clorgyline sebesar 67,59%. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak air daun secang dan biji kacang gude memiliki aktivitas sebagai agen antidepresan secara in vitro., Depression is a disorder that can affect mental changes caused by increased activity of the monoamine oxidase-A enzyme (MAO-A). Testing of antidepressant activity can be done in vitro by inhibition method against monoamine oxidase-A (MAO-A) enzyme using secang extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and kacang gude (Cajanus cajan L.). This study aimed to determine the total flavonoids and antidepressant activity of secang and kacang gude water extract through MAO-A enzyme inhibition. The highest yield was obtained in secang leaves water extract of 23,72%. The highest total flavonoid yield was shown by secang leaves water extract of 10,69 mg QE/g extract and kacang gude leaves of 5,74 mg QE/g extract. Inhibitory power testing of MAO-A compared to clorgyline as a control inhibitor (IC). The highest inhibitory power against MAO-A was produced by secang leaves water extract of 87,08% and kacang gude seeds of 76,06%. The percentage value of inhibition is more significant than clorgyline of 67,59%. It shows that the water extract from secang leaves and kacang gude seeds has activity as an antidepressant agent in vitro.
Keyword: antidepresan, flavonoid, kacang gude, MAO-A, secang

Judul: Analisis In Silico Potensi Antidepresan Senyawa Aktif Kemangi  (Ocimum basilicum L.) melalui Inhibisi Monoamin Oksidase A (MAOA)
Abstrak: Depresi merupakan kondisi gangguan emosi yang secara klinis disebabkan oleh defisiensi neurotransmiter monoamin (serotonin, noreprinefrin dan dopamin). Monoamin oksidase A (MAOA) berperan sebagai regulator utama homeostasis ketiga neurotransmiter tersebut. Kemangi mengandung senyawa flavonoid dan minyak atsiri yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor MAOA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif kemangi yang memiliki potensi terbaik sebagai antidepresan melalui inhibisi MAOA berdasarkan nilai energi bebas ikatan (∆G), konstanta disosiasi (Kd), interaksi ligan-reseptor dan bioavailabilitas. Penelitian dilakukan secara in silico melalui metode penambatan molekuler menggunakan aplikasi YASARA Structure. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 11 senyawa aktif kemangi yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor MAOA dengan nilai ∆G lebih rendah dibandingkan moclobemide (obat komersil) yaitu naringenin, kaempferol, apigenin, genkwanin, quercetin, zingiberene, beta-bisabolene, alpha-farnesene, beta-sesquiphellandrene, nepetodin A dan hesperitin. Naringenin merupakan senyawa aktif kemangi yang memiliki potensi inhibisi MAOA terbaik dengan nilai ∆G sebesar -9.325 Kkal/mol dan Kd 0.146 μM., Depression is an emotional disorder condition that is clinically caused by a deficiency of monoamine neurotransmitters (serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine). Monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) acts as a major regulator of the homeostasis of these three neurotransmitters. Basil contains flavonoid and essential oil compounds that have the potential as MAOA inhibitors. This study aims to identify the active compound of basil which has the best potential as an antidepressant through MAOA inhibition based on the value of free energy of binding (∆G), dissociation constant (Kd), ligand-receptor interaction and bioavailability. The research was conducted in silico through the molecular docking method using the YASARA Structure application. The results showed that there were 11 active compounds of basil that had the potential as MAOA inhibitor with ∆G value lower than moclobemide (commercial drug), there were naringenin, kaempferol, apigenin, genkwanin, quercetin, zingiberene, beta bisabolene, alpha-farnesene, beta-sesquiphellandrene, nepetodin A dan hesperitin. Naringenin is the active compound of basil which has the best MAOA inhibition potential with a free energy of binding value of -9.325 Kcal/mol and Kd 0.146 M.
Keyword: Depresi, Kemangi, Monoamin Oksidase A, Penambatan molekuler

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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