Judul: Studi Keragaman Genetik pada Padi (Oryza sativa L.) dan Upaya Mendapatkan Tanaman Toleran Herbisida Glifosat dengan Metode Mutasi Kimia
Abstrak: Using hybrid rice is one of methods to increase rice yield. The effort to get superior hybrid rice could be created by some breeding methods and one of them is mutation breeding. The first step in mutation breeding is mutation induction to get genetic variability. Mutation induction could use chemical alkylating agents or azide in term of condition. Ethyl Methane Sulphonate (EMS) and Sodium Azide (SA) are mutagens that effective and efficient to improve rice plant variability. The desirable character are high yield, high filled grain per panicle, early-ripening and tolerance to herbicide with glyphosate as active ingredients. This research was done on October 2011 – December 2012. Mutation process was done in plant physiology laboratory of PT. BISI International, Tbk. Evaluation of M1 and M2 generations were done at Kambingan Farm PT. BISI International, Tbk. Kediri. This research used 4 rice genotypes consist of one maintainer line (BI2B) and three restorer lines (PD10, PD3362, BR1001). The six treatments that used in this research were EMS (40, 60 and 80 mM) and SA (0.5, 1, 5 mM). M1 seeds were soaked in EMS for 6 hours whereas 8 hours in SA. M1 generation was planted in green house and examined for number of germinated seed and grain sterility per hill. M2 generation was planted at open field and examined for chlorophyl mutation frequency, days of 50% flowering, number of productive tillering, panicle length, plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, grain sterility, 1000 grain weight and yield per hill. The mutagen effectivity was analyzed based on mutant frequency to mutagen doses and the mutagen efficiency was analyzed based on M1 seeds lethality and M1 sterility at each genotype. The variability analysis of quantitative characters were done at M2 generation. M2 generation showed higher variability than wild type for days of 50% flowering, number of productive tillering, panicle length, plant height, number of filled grain per panicle, grain sterility, and yield per hill. The character 1000 grain weight showed lower variability than wild type at EMS 40 mM and SA 0.5 mM. The effective mutagen for BI2B was SA 0.5 mM. The efficient mutagen for BI2B based on M1 seeds lethality was EMS 80 mM and based on M1 sterility was EMS 60 mM. The effective mutagen for BR1001 was SA 0.5 mM. Based on M1 seed lethality, the efficient mutagen was SA 5 mM and based on M1 sterility was EMS 80 mM. The effective and efficient mutagen to get putative mutant that tolerance to glyphosate herbicide were SA 0.5 mM and EMS 80 mM. The putative herbicide tolerant plants were BI2B from EMS 80 mM and BR1001 from SA 0.5 mM. The mutant frequency that tolerance to glyphosate herbicide was 1.7x10-5.
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Judul: Advanced Yield Trial of Doubled Haploid Mutant Rice Lines Derived from Inpari 42 Agritan GSR
Abstrak: Padi merupakan pangan penting, sehingga produksinya perlu ditingkatkan. Pemuliaan tanaman dengan mutasi dan teknik kultur antera dapat mempercepat perolehan galur murni padi untuk mendapatkan varietas unggul. Pengembangan varietas unggul memerlukan seleksi dan pengujian untuk mendapatkan galur dengan karakter agronomi baik dan hasil yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji daya hasil lanjutan galur-galur dihaploid mutan padi turunan Inpari 42 Agritan GSR. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, IPB, Bogor pada bulan Desember 2023 sampai April 2024. Penelitian terdiri atas satu faktor genotipe yaitu 18 galur dihaploid dan 2 varietas pembanding (Inpari 42 dan Inpari 45). Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas galur-galur dihaploid mutan padi turunan Inpari 42 Agritan GSR tidak berbeda nyata dengan varietas pembanding kecuali galur SB6-13-1-1. Galur SB6-13-1-1 mempunyai hasil yang lebih rendah dibandingkan kedua varietas pembanding. Terdapat keragaman pada beberapa karakter agronomi dan karakter komponen hasil galur-galur dihaploid. Hasil korelasi menunjukkan karakter jumlah gabah total, jumlah gabah isi, dan persen gabah isi berkorelasi nyata positif terhadap produktivitas. Hasil seleksi indeks menunjukkan terdapat 10 galur dari 18 galur dihaploid memiliki nilai indeks seleksi positif dan dapat dilanjutkan pada pengujian selanjutnya., Rice is a staple food crop in Indonesia, so ensuring its production is necessary. Plant breeding with mutation and anther culture techniques can accelerate the acquisition of pure lines of rice to obtain superior varieties. Developing superior varieties requires selecting and testing of rice lines with good agronomic characters and high yields. This study aims to select mutant of doubled haploid rice line derived from Inpari 42 Agritan GSR. The research was conducted at Sawah Baru Experimental Station, IPB, Bogor, from December 2023 to Mei 2024. The study consisted of one genotype factor, namely 18 doubled haploid lines and two check varieties (Inpari 42 and Inpari 45). The experiment used a randomized complete block design with three replications. The results showed that the productivity of all lines was not significantly different from Inpari 42 and Inpari 45 except for line SB6-13-1-1.The line SB6-13-1-1 got lower yields than the check varieties. There was variation in some agronomic characters and yield component characters of doubled haploid lines. The correlation analysis results showed that the characters of total grain number, number of filled grains, and percentages of filled grains were significantly and positively correlated with productivity. The results of selection index showed that ten lines out of 18 doubled haploid lines had a positive selection index value. Therefore, the lines can be evaluated further.
Keyword: korelasi, produktivitas, indeks seleksi, kultur antera, mutasi

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology