Judul: Endoparasit Penyebab Infertilitas pada  Hewan Ternak
Abstrak: Infertility is the decreased ability or inability to produce viable offspring. Endoparasite infections are one of the causes of infertility. The endoparasites responsible include Protozoa, Gastrointestinal Nematodes and Trematodes such as Neospora caninum, Tritrichomonas foetus, Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp, Ostertagia ostertagi, Haemonchus contortus, and Fasciola hepatica. The goal of this literature review is to better understand the mechanism of these endoparasites in causing infertility in cattle, goats, and sheep and to briefly describe the prevalence in Malaysia, as well as methods of disease diagnosis and treatment. This study was conducted in a form of a literature review with relevant information regarding pathogenic mechanism, diagnosis, treatment and prevalence in Malaysia being sourced form seach engines such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate and Science Direct. Neosporosis, toxoplasmosis needed to invade the placenta and fetus to cause abortion. There was a difference in the pathogenic mechanisms of classical toxoplasmosis and acute phase abortion caused by toxoplasmosis. Sarcocystosis was found to cause testicular degeneration in bulls. It was concluded that the pathogenic mechanism of abortion by Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Tritrichomonas foetus is roughly understood however Sarcocystis spp, Gastrointestinal nematodes and Fasiciola required furtherinvestigation., Infertilitas adalah penurunan kemampuan atau ketidakmampuan untuk menghasilkan keturunan yang layak. Infeksi endoparasit merupakan salah satu penyebab infertilitas. Endoparasit yang bertanggung jawab termasuk Protozoa, Nematoda Gastrointestinal dan Trematoda seperti Neospora caninum, Tritrichomonas foetus, Toxoplasma gondii, Sarcocystis spp, Ostertagia ostertagi, Haemonchus contortus, dan Fasciola hepatica. Tujuan dari tinjauan pustaka ini adalah untuk lebih memahami mekanisme endoparasit ini dalam menyebabkan infertilitas pada sapi, kambing, dan domba dan untuk menggambarkan secara ii singkat prevalensi di Malaysia, serta metode diagnosis dan pengobatan penyakit. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam bentuk tinjauan pustaka dengan informasi yang relevan mengenai mekanisme patogen, diagnosis, pengobatan dan prevalensi di Malaysia yang bersumber dari mesin pencari seperti Google Scholar, PubMed, Research Gate dan Science Direct. Neosporosis, toksoplasmosis diperlukan untuk menyerang plasenta dan janin untuk menyebabkan aborsi. Terdapat perbedaan mekanisme patogenik toksoplasmosis klasik dan abortus fase akut yang disebabkan oleh toksoplasmosis. Sarcocystosis ditemukan menyebabkan degenerasi testis pad sapi jantan. Disimpulkan bahwa mekanisme patogenik aborsi oleh Neospora caninum, Toxoplasma gondii, Tritrichomonas Foetus secara kasar dipahami namun Sarcocystis spp, nematoda Gastrointestinal dan Fasiciola memerlukan penyelidikan lebih lanjut.
Keyword: Abortion, Gastrointestinal Nematodes, Infertility, Protozoa, Trematode, Livestock

Judul: Toxoplasma Abortion and Perinatal Mortality As an Important Aspect In Sheep Prodution
Abstrak: Toxoplasma infection or toxoplamosis is caused bay a protozoan parasite, Toxoplasma gondil. The parasite accurs in human and in almost all species of warm-blooded animals. It is essentially an intracellular parasite which attacks most organs with a predilection for the reticulo-endothelial and central nervous system. There are three developmenttal stages of its life-cycle: The asexual development in reticulo-endothelial tissues, the cyst development in skaletel muscles and central nervous system and the sexual phases in the intestinal epithelium.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4