Judul: Captive Breeding Management and Animal Welfare Level of Orangutan Kalimantan (Pongo pygmaeus) in Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor
Abstrak: Populasi orangutan kalimantan di alam semakin terancam sehingga upaya konservasi secara eksitu perlu dilakukan. Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor merupakan salah satu lembaga konservasi yang melestarikan orangutan kalimantan di luar habitat aslinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi teknik pemeliharaan, mengidentifikasi pemanfaatan satwa bagi oleh pengelola, serta mengukur tingkat kesejahteraan orangutan kalimantan di TSI bogor. Metode yang digunakan yaitu observasi lapang melalui pengamatan dan pengukuran, wawancara, dan studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa teknik pemeliharaan yang dilakukan sudah baik namun perlu dilakukan peningkatan. Pemanfaatan yang diberikan oleh pengelola dalam mengelola orangutan kalimantan adalah dengan memberkan edukasi bagi pengunjung. Tingkat kesejahteraan orangutan kalimantan tergolong sangat baik berdasarkan penilaian five domain satwa menurut South East Asian Zoos and Aquarium Association (SEAZA)., Bornean orangutan populations in the wild are increasingly threatened, so ex situ conservation efforts need to be carried out. Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor is one of the conservation institutions that conserve Bornean orangutans outside their natural habitat. This study aims to identify captive breeding, animal utilization for visitors, and measure the welfare level of Bornean orangutans at TSI Bogor. The method used was field observation through observation and measurement, interviews, and literature study. he results showed that the maintenance techniques carried out were good but needed to be improved. Utilization provided by the manager in managing Bornean orangutans is by providing education for visitors. The welfare level of Bornean orangutans is classified as very good based on the assessment of five animal domains according to the South East Asian Zoos and Aquarium Association (SEAZA).
Keyword: orangutan, orangutan kalimantan, pongo pygmaeus, tingkat kesejahteraan, teknik pemeliharaan, taman safari, taman safari indonesia, kesejahteraan satwa

Judul: Captive Breeding Management and Animal Welfare Level of Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii) in Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor
Abstrak: Orangutan sumatera (Pongo abelii) merupakan salah satu satwa dilindungi dan dikategorikan sebagai satwa yang terancam punah (Critically endangered). Keberadaan orangutan Sumatera terus terancam seiring bertambahnya konversi habitat, perburuan, dan perdagangan. Taman Safari Indonesia merupakan salah satu Lembaga yang melakukan konservasi dan pemanfaatan orangutan sumatera secara ex situ. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan teknik pemeliharaan, pemanfaatan orangutan sumatera, dan mengukur tingkat kesejahteraan orangutan sumatera. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan metode observasi lapang dan wawancara. Perhitungan tingkat kesejahteraan satwa dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pembobotan nilai pada lima aspek kesejahteraan satwa. Teknik pemeliharaan pada aspek perkandangan, pakan, kesehatan, reproduksi, dan sumber daya manusia dilaksanakan dengan baik. Pemanfaatan orangutan sumatera yaitu sebagai objek wisata. Tingkat kesejahteraan orangutan sumatera di Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor termasuk kedalam kategori sangat baik, dengan nilai kesejahteraan sebesar 94,49 menurut pengelola dan sebesar 90,78 menurut peneliti., Sumatran orangutan (Pongo abelii) is a protected primate and categorized as a Critically Endangered species. The existence of the sumatran orangutan is seriously threatened due to habitat conversion, hunting, and trading. Taman Safari Indonesia is one of the institutions that carries out ex situ conservation and utilization of Sumatran orangutans. This research aims to describe the captive breeding management techniques, utilization of Sumatran orangutan, and measure the animal welfare of sumatran orangutans. The methods used were direct observation and interview methods. The animal welfare scores were calculated by the value of the five domains of animal welfare. Captive breeding management in the aspects of housing, feed, health, reproduction and human resources are implemented well. The use of Sumatran orangutans is as a tourist attraction. The level of sumatran orangutans welfare in Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor is classified as a very good category, with a welfare score of 94,49 according to the management and a welfare score of 90,78 according to the researcher.
Keyword: Orangutan Sumatera, Teknik Pemeliharaan, Tingkat Kesejahteraan Satwa

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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