Judul: Sources of growth of transportation sector and regional economic disparities in Indonesia
Abstrak: Sebagai negara kepulauan terbesar di dunia dan letak geografisnya yang sangat strategis, maka dalam menghadapi semakin liberalnya perdagangan dunia akan menuntut peningkatan daya saing produk Indonesia di pasar global. Namun keunggulan tersebut tidak akan terwujud dengan sendirinya. Satu hal yang harus diperhatikan adalah peran transportasi dalam menghubungkan pulau pulau tersebut yang mendorong konektivitas antar wilayah di Indonesia dan perlu dipahami dan dirumuskan sumber-sumber pertumbuhan dari sektor transportasi tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis peran transportasi terhadap disparitas ekonomi wilayah di Indonesia dan perubahan strukturnya dengan menggunakan analisis interregional input-output sedangkan untuk mengetahui sumber sumber pertumbuhannya digunakan extended decomposition analysis. Wilayah yang dianalisa terdiri dari lima wilayah yaitu Sumatera, Jawa-Bali, Kalimantan, Sulawesi dan Indonesia Timur lainnya atau Rest of Indonesia (ROI).
Keyword: 

Judul: Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Aglomerasi Industri terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional di Indonesia
Abstrak: In general, the Indonesia’s economic growth is significantly improved recently but the increase rate is different in each region which entitles to high regional disparity. One of the reasons why it occurs is because of the difference of infrastructure development in every region. Beside, the centralization of the economic activities tends to cause this issue. This study intends to analyze the effect of infrastructure development and industrial agglomeration to the regional economic growth in Indonesia. Based on productivity function of Cobb-Douglas model, the fixed effect model is used as data panel method which includes a range of data from 26 provinces in 1991-2007. The estimation in this study ensues to the influence of labor, investment, human capital, physical infrastructures (electricity and roads), industrial agglomeration, and economic crisis in 1997, while water infrastructure is not significant. Due to the estimation data result, the characteristic of production activity in Indonesia is labor-based with the labor elasticity rate of 0,27 higher than investment elasticity which is 0,10. Human capital variable holds the biggest effect with 0,34 score. Physical infrastructure (electricity and roads) is significantly influential with electricity elasticity indicates 0,33 score, higher than roads elasticity score of 0,13. In addition to this, industrial agglomeration contributes positive effect on economic growth which is indicated by 0,04 elasticity score. On the other hand, the negative coefficient score as a result of economic crisis in 1997 obstructs the economic growth. To sum up, variables which deliver positive influence for regional economic growth in Indonesia are human capital, electricity, roads, and industrial agglomeration. Furthermore, distribution of infrastructure development, education, and centralization of the economy activity should be applied in order to reduce regional disparity.
Keyword: 

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: