Judul: Animal Welfare Implementation in the Live Bird Markets (LBMs) in Bogor
Abstrak: The aim of this research is to describe the animal welfare implementation in the live bird markets (LBMs) in Bogor. This research was conducted through direct observation in the field using structured questionnaire. This study involved 5 live bird markets in 3 sub-districts and 15 vendors. The evaluation of animal welfare implementation included three important aspects, i.e. 1. Transportation aspects (vehicle and crates), 2. Collecting aspects (caging, maintaining, cleaning, poultry health and wastes disposal) and 3. Slaughtering aspects (personnel, equipment, slaughter process). The result showed that the animal welfare implemented in the transportation included time of poultry delivery in the morning and night, regular cleaning of vehicle, using of plastic crates, poultry density in a crate, number of crate stack, and regular cleaning of crates. The good implementation of animal welfare due to the collecting aspects comprised using of postal cages, density in the cages, feeding and water availability, ventilation, lighting, regular cleaning of cages, replacing of litter, and poultry health inspection. The animal welfare which were implemented well due to slaughtering aspects consisted of maintaining of knives sharpness, sufficient number of knives, regular cleaning of knives, bleeding, blood collecting, and bleeding time. This study suggested that some aspects related to LBMs in Bogor should be improved through communication information and education (CIE) on vendors and consumers which are managed by Municipal Office for Agribusiness Bogor City and related stakeholders. Keywords: animal welfare, live bird markets.
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Judul: Implementation of Animal Welfare During the Slaughter Process at Mitra Tani Farm, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency.
Abstrak: Kesejahteraan hewan harus diperhatikan sejak hewan tersebut lahir hingga dipotong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penerapan aspek kesejahteraan hewan pada pemotongan ternak di Mitra Tani Farm yang terletak di Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor. Indikator kesejahteraan hewan yang diamati meliputi lima aspek yaitu, evaluasi bangunan dan sarana perkandangan yang sesuai dengan penerapan Good Farming Practice (GFP), cara penggiringan ternak, tingkah laku ternak, kondisi pra pemotongan ternak, dan respon fisiologi ternak setelah dipotong. Metode yang digunakan adalah penilaian skoring berdasarkan AWIN Welfare Assesment Protocol yang telah dimodifikasi. Jumlah ternak yang diamati sebanyak 39 ekor domba, dengan 30 ekor domba jantan, dan 9 ekor domba betina. Domba yang diamati merupakan domba gibas dan domba priangan berumur 6-24 bulan. Hasil pengamatan terhadap bangunan dan sarana perkandangan, cara penggiringan, tingkah laku yang ditunjukkan, serta kondisi prapemotongan ternak di MT Farm sudah dalam kategori baik, dilihat dari persentase capaian pada kategori tersebut, masing-masing sebesar 82,05%, 74,72%, 54,21%, dan 75,21%. Hasil pengamatan respon fisiologis ternak setelah dipotong dilihat dari hilangnya refleks kelopak mata yang memakan waktu sekitar 86,87±26,32 detik; terhentinya proses pernapasan 113,02±23,35 detik; dan berhentinya aliran darah 127,12±12,02 detik. Penanganan dan keadaan ternak sebelum proses pemotongan sudah mengikuti standar kesejahteraan hewan, selain itu penataan bangunan dan fasilitas kandang sudah sesuai dengan penerapan GFP. Pada proses pemotongan, juru sembelih harus mempunyai standar kompetensi penyembelihan., Animal welfare must be considered from animals are born until slaughtered. This research aimed to evaluate the implementation of animal welfare aspect during slaughter process at Mitra Tani Farm, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency. The animal welfare indicators were observed including five aspects, evaluation of building and facilities should appropiate with the application of Good Farming Practice (GFP), animal handling methods, animal behavior, pre-slaughter conditions, and the physiological response of animal after slaughtered. The method used is a scoring assessment based on the modified AWIN Welfare Protocol. This observation using 39 head of sheep, with 30 rams and 9 ewes. The sheep that were observed were 6-34 month old Gibas sheep and Priangan sheep aged 6-24 months. Based on the assessment results, the indicators that have been considered which consist of evaluation the building and facilities, the animal handling, animal behavior, and pre-slaughter conditions were in a good category based on percentage of the number in each category 82.05%, 74.72%, 54.21%, and 75.21%. During slaughter, physiological response of sheep was observed. The corneal reflex disappeared at an average time of 86.87 ±26.32 s; rhythmic breathing disappeared at an average time of 113.02 ±23.35 s ; and the length of bleeding time 127.12±12.02 s. Handling and condition of animal prior to the slaughter process has followed animal welfare standards, the arrangement of building and facilities is appropiate with the implementation of GFP. The slaughterman must have a standard of slaughter competence.
Keyword: Animal Welfare, Animal Handling, Slaughter Process, Sheep

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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