Judul: Evaluasi Fungsi Hati dan Ginjal Tikus Betina (Rattus norvegicus) Galur Sprague-Dawley pada Pemberian Jamu Galohgor dengan Dosis Bertingkat
Abstrak: Galohgor merupakan jamu yang biasa dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Sunda selama masa nifas (dua hingga 40 hari setelah melahirkan). Manfaat jamu Galohgor yang dirasakan oleh ibu yang mengkonsumsi jamu ini antara lain peningkatan produksi air susu ibu (ASI). Jamu ini terbuat dari 56 jenis tanaman, terdiri atas 38 jenis daun, akar, atau batang, 5 jenis rempah-rempah, 6 jenis temu-temuan, dan 7 jenis biji-bijian (Pajar 2001 dan Roosita 2003). Penelitian di Desa Sukajadi, Kecamatan Tamansari, Kabupaten Bogor menunjukkan bahwa secara empirik jamu Galohgor memiliki manfaat untuk meningkatkan produksi susu, mempercepat penyembuhan rahim dan meningkatkan stamina pada ibu selama masa nifas (Roosita et al. 2008; Dahlianti, Nasoetion dan Roosita 2005). Penggunaan obat tradisional yang berasal dari tanaman seperti jamu Galohgor, menurut keputusan Menteri Kesehatan RI harus memiliki syarat-syarat tertentu antara lain dapat dibuktikan khasiat dan keamanannya (DEPKES 2000). Uji toksisitas pada hewan coba digunakan untuk menilai bahan-bahan kimia, termasuk obat, bahan pangan tambahan, dan bahan-bahan lainnya yang dikonsumsi manusia karena bahan-bahan tersebut berpotensi menyebabkan kelainan fisiologis, kanker, kelainan pada janin, dan dampak buruk lainnya bagi kesehatan. (The National Academy of Sciences 2007). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari efek pemberian Jamu Galohgor terhadap fungsi hati dan ginjal, dan menentukan dosis yang aman dikonsumsi. Tujuan khususnya adalah: (1) mempelajari efek pemberian jamu Galohgor terhadap fungsi hati tikus dengan biomarker SGPT, SGOT, dan total protein serum; (2) mengetahui efek pemberian jamu Galohgor terhadap fungsi ginjal tikus dengan biomarker ureum, kreatinin, dan protein urin; dan (3) memperkirakakan dosis jamu yang memberikan efek toksik akut pada fungsi hati dan ginjal tikus.
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Judul: Evaluasi pengaruh pemberian galohgor terhadap penyembuhan luka tikus betina (Rattus norvegicus) galur sprague dawley
Abstrak: Galohgor, a kind of herbal medicine that also known as a traditional food supplement, contains nutrient, especially beta-caroten and bioactive compound. This herbal medicine affects the uterine involution and wound healing process after delivery. The proliferative phase of wound healing is characterized by angiogenesis, collagen deposition, granulation tissue formation, epithelialization, and wound contraction. Re-epithelialization of the epidermis occurs, in which epithelial cells proliferate and providing cover for the new tissue. The objective of this study is to elaborate the effect of galohgor supplementation on beta-caroten, retinol, zinc and iron level on blood, and wound healing process. Twenty four female mice 2 months old, 200 g weight, were divided into 2 groups, i.e. group without jamu as control and group with jamu supplementation. Each group was divided into 2 subgroups, i.e. group were given dorsal cutaneous injury diameter 0.5 cm and without dorsal cutaneous injury. Each of the subgroups composed of 2 mice based on the period of termination, i.e.: 3rd, 7th and 12th day after wounded. The blood and skin histological samples were collected on each termination days. The data were analyzed by independent samples t-test. The results showed that galohgor suplemented group had relatively higher serum β-carotene and lower serum retinol than control groups. Blood performance, zinc and iron level were not different significantly between groups. According to its limphocytes counting, re-ephitelization, angiogenesis, and colagen deposition of immunohistology of wound skin, galohgor supplemented group was healed faster than control group. The result showed that the herbal medicines Galohgor is hastened wound healing process.
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Judul: Which one use to overcome multicollinearity ? Ridge regression or principal component regression
Abstrak: In multiple linear regression the effect of nonorthogonality of the prediction vectors is to pull the least squares estimates of the regression coefficient away from the true coefficient that one is trying to estimate. Separating the effects of each factor of the regressors has been found to be difficult because of high correlation among independent variables. Although the multicollinearity problem has been recognized by many ways, ordinary least squares is still the main technique used in many fields, but the estimation of regression coefficient can present problems when the data vectors for the predictors are not orthogonal, or in this case are multicollinear. In using ordinary least squares, the regression coefficient may be unstable, too large in absolute value, and incorrect with respect to sign. Introduced biased estimation refer to unbiased one that measure the average closeness to the parameter being estimated corresponding to its mean square error (MSE). Ridge regression and principal component can produce better estimates by its own way than those given by ordinary least squares. It may well be preferred estimator since it will have larger probability of being close to true parameter value. Two of the biased regression methods, ridge regression and principal component regression will be applied into this research and discuss briefly for each of its properties. These methods have its particular idiosyncrasy. The biased regression methods attack the collinearity problem by computationally suppressing the effects of the collinearity. Ridge regression does this correctly by modifying the correlation matrix adding a biased constant driving through nonsingular matrix. Principal component regression attacks the problem by regressing Y on the important principal component and then parceling out the effect of the principal component variables to the original variables. Finally translated back the obtained variables into original variables yield the same sign and nearly the same coefficients for both methods.
Keyword: Regresssion analysis