Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: One of the causes reproduction disorder that effect of decreasing reproductive function is cigarette smoke. In Papua, kebar„s grass which in local language called "banondit" (meaning many children) are commonly used by locals as a herbal medicine to overcome reproductive problem. This research aims to create an animal model of decreased reproductive function of male rats with cigarette smoke exposure and to determine the potential of extract kebar‟s grass on reproductive function of male rats exposed to cigarette smoke. The research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was designed to learn the animal model of decreasing reproductive function in male rat exposure with cigarette smoke. The parameters were analysis of microscopic lung, blood profile, analysis of microscopic testes, spermatogenic cells count and spermatozoa quality. The results showed a black particles of cytoplasm alveoli of lung which is predicted as tar in 40d and 60d, increased PCV, decreased testes weight, spermatogenic cells count and spermatozoa quality which did not return to normal conditions after stopping the exposured appropriate time. This confirmed that the animals were exposed to cigarette smoke can be used as an animal model of male reproductive function decline. The second stage was designed to learn the potential of extract kebar‟s grass on blood profile in male rat exposed with cigarettes smoke. The parameters was blood profile is erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematokrit, indeks eritrosit and Leukosit. The results showed that extract kebar‟s grass 0.0945 mg/gr body weight/day can increased eritrosit in male rat exposed with cigarettes smoke. The third stage was designed to learn the potential of extract kebar‟s grass on testes, testosterone levels, spermatogenic cells count and spermatozoa quality in male rat exposed with cigarettes smoke. The parameters were analysis of testes, analysis of testosterone, spermatogenic cells count and spermatozoa quality. The results showed that extract kebar‟s grass 0.0945 mg/gr body weight/day increased testes weight, amount spermatogenic cells and spermatozoa quality in male rat exposed with cigarettes smoke. From this research could be conclude that giving of extract kebar‟s grass 0.0945 mg/gr body weight/day could increased reproductive function of male rat that exposured by cigarette smoke.
Keyword: Cigarettes smoke, extract kebar‟s grass, spermatogenic, spermatozoa

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Pasak bumi is popular in the traditional medical herb that is believed can increase the secondary reproduction characters such as: 1. libido and 2. the duration of erection. Here a reported the research that focus on: 1. sexual behavior of the male white rat treated by pasak bumi. and the better dose of pasak bumi that indicated highest libido. 2. mechanism of pasak bumi in the hypophysis cells that produce reproduction hormones including: acidophile and basophile cells distribution, the response of luteinizing hormone (LH) cells and the response of follicle stimulating hormone(FSH) cells. 3. The works of pasak bumi in the production of testosteron 4. The works of pasak bumi in the development stage of spermatogenesis in the seminiferous tubule. 5. The works of pasak bumi in the quality of semen in cauda epididymis including profile of cauda epididymis ductus diameter, some parameters of macroscopical and microscopical semen quality. Research carried out in five experiments; experiment 1. using the designed cage to observe the male white rat behavior seduced by female oestrus in separating wire net. Then, the male white rat administered orally by various doses of pasak bumi to find out the best dose. Experiment 2, using HE staining method to study micromorphological distribution of the acidophile and basophile cells in hypophysis, and using immunohistochemical staining method to study the response of LH cells of the male rat hypophysis treated by pasak bumi, also using immunohistochemical staining method to study the response of FSH cells. Experiment 3.using the RIA method to measure testosterone level in blood serum. Experiment 4.using HE staining method to study micromorphological of the profile of spermatogenesis stage in the seminiferous tubule. Experiment 5.using HE staining method to study micromorphological of the diameter of cauda epididymis, also doing macroscopical and microscopical semen quality in the cauda epididymis. Result of the research showed that: 1. Sexual behavior that reflected the male white rat libido were: a. face to face meeting, b. moving close to wire net partition, c. scratching the wire net partition. 2.The optimal dose of pasak bumi resulted highest libido was 18 mg/200 g bw (body weight) compared with 100 mg/200 g bw, 200 mg/200 g bw, and the control (1 ml aquadest). 3. Basophyle cells increased significantly in the third day of pasak bumi administration; LH cells strongly significantly response to produce LH hormone within cells in the third day; FSH cells weakly response (non significantly) to produce FSH hormone within cells in the third day. 4. The level of testosterone in plasma increased significantly in the third day of pasak bumi administration. 5. The last spermatid actively increased in the third day. 6. The quality of semen in the cauda of epididymis increased significantly in the third day of pasak bumi administration.
Keyword: pasak bumi, libido, LH cells, FSH cells, testosterone, semen quality

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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