Judul: Penurunan nilai albedo dan suhu permukaan dari data Terra MODIS L1B untuk klasifikasi awan
Abstrak: Clouds affect the energy balance in atmosphere through absorbtion, reflection and solar radiation process. These processes affect albedo values and the cloud surface temperature. The differences between albedo values and surface temperature can be the indicator in cloud classification and can be the separation between the cloud covered area and non-cloud covered area. Terra MODIS L1B data can be used for classifying between cloud and non-cloud using reflectant information at wavelength 0.62 μm to 0.67 μm, 0.459 μm to 0.479 μm, and 0.545 μm to 0.565 μm and the extraction of surface temperature using wavelenght 10.780 μm to 11.280 μm dan 11.770 μm to 12.270 μm. Yet, before the classification process, it is needed to look at the response of each wave lenght to the same object at the same location. Cloud‟s surface temperature can be derived from canal 31 and canal 32. The error values of both canal are 1.7 K on Januari 1st 2008, 3.3 K on March 26st 2008, 1.7 K on November 2st 2008, 5.6 K on April 6st 2008, and 12.8 K on September 24st 2008. Albedo value can be derived from band 1, band 3, band 4 since the values distribution pattern of all these canal are relatively in common. The results of the relation between reflectance bands and thermal bands show that the albedo approach method and surface temperature approach method can be used for clouds classification. The classification using albedo approach method is the based on the thickness of the clouds, while the surface temperature approach method is based on the height of clouds.
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Judul: Analisis perubahan albedo, suhu permukaan dan suhu udara sebagai dampak perubahan penutupan lahan menggunakan data citra satelit landsat
Abstrak: Suhu permukaan dan suhu udara suatu wilayah dipengaruhi oleh strata tutupan lahan. Strata tutupan lahan terbagi atas tiga yaitu badan air, lahan vegetasi, dan lahan terbangun. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh perubahan parameter fisik yaitu albedo, suhu permukaan dan suhu udara sebagai dampak perubahan penutupan lahan dan mengetahui perubahan pola distiribusi suhu udara yang disebabkan perubahan lahan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data citra landsat pada tahun 1997, 2000, 2009, dan 2013. Parameter fisik dihasilkan dari hasil pengolahan spectral radiance resolusi resample dari 30 m x 30 m menjadi 250 m x 250 m. Nilai albedo dan suhu udara diduga menggunakan band visible (landsat 5 dan 7 band 3, 2, 1) sedangkan nilai suhu permukaan diduga menggunakan band thermal (landsat 5 dan 7 band 6). Distribusi spasial suhu udara diturunkan dengan menggunakan interpolasi idw (inverse distance weighted). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 1997, 2000, 2009 dan 2013 rata-rata albedo yaitu badan air (0.054, 0.050, 0.052 dan 0.056), lahan vegetasi (0.092, 0.083, 0.089 dan 0.098), lahan terbuka (0.187, 0,118, 0.106 dan 0.134). Rata-rata suhu permukaan yaitu 26,1oc, 24,4 oc, 26,5 oc, dan 31oc. Rata-rata suhu udara yaitu 29 oc, 27 oc, 28 oc dan 29 oc. Penurunan luas lahan terbuka sebesar 7% menjadi lahan vegetasi (1997-2000) yang disebabkan lahan vegetasi menyebabkan nilai albedo,suhu permukaan dan suhu udara mengalami penurunan. Penurunan lahan vegetasi sebesar 4% (2000-2009) yang disebabkan pembukaan lahan menyebabkan nilai albedo, suhu permukaan dan suhu udara mengalami kenaikan. Peningkatan lahan terbuka sebesar 6% (2009-2013) menyebabkan nilai albedo, suhu permukaan dan suhu udara mengalami kenaikan. Peningkatan lahan terbuka pada tahun 2000-2009 memiliki nilai spesifik suhu permukaan yaitu 7,94x106 0c/ha. Peningkatan lahan terbuka pada tahun 2009-2013 memiliki nilai spesifik suhu permukaan yaitu 9,03x106 0c/ha.
Keyword: klasifikasi lahan, albedo, suhu permukaan, suhu udara, interpolasi idw

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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