Judul: Analisis Jaringan Sungai Ciliwung Hulu untuk Menentukan Hidrograf Banjir
Abstrak: Hydrograph is a graphical representation of flow with time. Hydrograph shape is determined by the rainfall input and morphometry of the watershed. Upper Ciliwung watershed contributes greatly to the floods that hit Jakarta. This study aimed to determine the characteristics of the Upper Ciliwung river networks and analyze the flood hydrograph pattern formed by the river network density. Determination of the characteristics of stream network is based on SRTM DEM 90 m x 90 m, and it is obtained that the Upper Ciliwung river has four Strahler river order with length ratio (RL) and branching ratio (Rb) that were different for each river order . Flood hydrograph was calculated using geomorphology convolution method and the simulated discharges were compared to observed discharges recorded at the Katulampa station for two rainfall events on January 16, 2013 and March 4, 2013. Based on the values of Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient obtained from the comparison of simulated discharge and observed discharges that were 0.72 for January 16, 2013 flood and 0.66 for March 4, 2013 flood, it is concluded that flood could be determined using geomorphology convolution method based on the river network density from SRTM DEM data.
Keyword: SRTM DEM data, River network characteristics, Geomorphology convolution method

Judul: Analisis Curah Hujan, Debit dan Tutupan Lahan di Sub DAS Ciliwung Hulu
Abstrak: Large floods that occurred in the Jakarta in 1996, 2002, 2007 and 2013 respect of Ciliwung watershed. Factors that cause flooding are basically two things that rainfall and land cover. The aim of study to analysis of frequency to predict the opportunity of maximum rainfall in one day, 2 days, and 3 days, as well as to analyze the maximum daily discharge in the return period of 5, 10, 25 and 50 years and to analysis change of land cover in Ciliwung up stream. The analysis result shows that the maximum rainfall in the period of 5, 10, 25 and 50 years are respectively 130 mm, 160 mm, 200 mm and 229 mm/day. While the opportunity of 2 day-maximum rainfall in the same return periods are 168 mm, 202 mm, 248 mm, and 283 mm respectively. The opportunity of 3 day maximum rainfall in the same return periods are 215 mm, 268 mm, 337 mm, and 389 mm respectively. The opportunity of maximum daily discharge in the return periods of 5, 10, 25 and 50 years are 470 m3/s; 565,5 m3/s; 703,4 m3/s, and 819,5 m3/s respectively. The minimum daily discharge in the same return periods are 1,4 m3/s; 1 m3/s; 0,7 m3/s; and 0,6 m3/s respectively.The average increase in the area woke up from 1996 to 2011 was 71.8 ha/year.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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