Judul: Deteksi kemampuan Artemia dan kutu air dalam uptake bakteri mengandung DNA asing menggunakan PCR
Abstrak: Peningkatan daya tahan ikan terhadap infeksi penyakit dapat dilakukan melalui pemberian vaksin DNA. Pemberian vaksin umumnya menggunakan metode injeksi. Namun demikian, metode injeksi memiliki beberapa keterbatasan dan tidak efisien karena memerlukan cukup banyak waktu. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan suatu metode alternatif yang dapat diaplikasikan secara massal seperti melalui pakan alami. Artemia dan kutu air (Daphnia dan Moina) merupakan jenis pakan alami yang sering digunakan sebagai pakan benih ikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan kemampuan Artemia dan kutu air dalam uptake bakteri yang mengandung DNA asing menggunakan PCR. Informasi yang diperoleh berguna dalam aplikasi vaksin DNA melalui pakan alami. Artemia dan kutu air diberi bakteri mengandung DNA asing berupa konstruksi gen pKrt-GFP sebagai model untuk vaksin DNA. Kepadatan bakteri dalam media kultur pakan alami adalah 1,2 x 108 cfu/ml. Setiap 30 menit selama 3 jam, sebanyak 100 ekor Artemia diambil untuk isolasi DNA, sedangkan untuk kutu air 30 ekor diambil setiap 2 jam sekali selama 10 jam. DNA genom Artemia dan kutu air diisolasi menggunakan kit Puregene Minneapolis, USA. Konsentrasi dan tingkat kemurnian DNA hasil isolasi dianalisis menggunakan DNA calculator (GenQuant) dan elektroforesis dengan gel agarosa. Kemampuan Artemia dan kutu air dalam uptake bakteri dianalisis menggunakan metode PCR dengan menghitung jumlah copy DNA asing. PCR dilakukan menggunakan primer GFPF (5’-GGTCGAGCTGGACGG-3’) dan GFP-R (5’-ACGAACTCCAGCAGG-3’). Sebagai kontrol internal loading DNA, PCR juga dilakukan menggunakan primer β-aktin. Produk PCR dielektroforesis dan divisualisasi menggunakan etidium bromida dan disinari ultraviolet. Ketebalan pita DNA diukur menggunakan software UN-SCAN-IT gel 6.0 untuk mengetahui jumlah copy DNA asing yang berhasil di-uptake oleh Artemia dan kutu air.
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Judul: Uji potensi Artemia sp. sebagai vektor pembawa vaksin DNA untuk benih ikan mas Cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) is one of the most common impetuses for disease on common carp Cyprinus carpio. Generally, viral disease is difficult to cure because virus is intra-cellular parasite, that virus survives, multiplies, and lives only if it on the host cell. The DNA vaccine that gift with oral method by Artemia sp. is one alternative that expected to handle fish viral disease. This experiment was carried out to analysis DNA vaccine expression encoding of glycoprotein gene (GP11) on Cyprinus carpio. Bacterial that has contents plasmid Krt-GP11 as vaccine is served through Artemia sp as vaccine carrier. Artemia sp containing the DNA vaccine was prepared for once or twice provisions a week to three week old common carp. The existence of DNA vaccine in intestine, kidney, and gill is analyzed by PCR method. The organs were analyzed every 3 days after vaccination. The expression of GP11 in kidney organs in each treatment is also observed by the use of RT-PCR method. Expressions in the organs were analyzed 10 days after vaccination. The experiment shows that dose of DNA vaccine in whole bacteria could be expressed is 106 cfu in a once or twice provisions a week. DNA vaccine could be detected in three organs. Also, RT-PCR analysis shows that the expression of GP11 can be detected in all tested organs. In conclusion, Artemia sp. can be employed as a vector to carry for plasmid GP11 vaccine with 90 minutes submersion.
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Judul: Truncated Stop Loss as a Optimal Solution of Reinsurance Agreement in One-Period Model
Abstrak: Reinsurance is one of risk management efforts of an insurance company, which is called the cedent. Similar with insurance, reinsurance constitutes the cedent to pay the premium. We consider one-period reinsurance model and derive a rule which minimizes the ruin probability of the cedent for a fixed reinsurance premium. Therefore, it is needed to construct an optimal reinsurance agreement for the cedent. The premium is calculated according to four different principles, i.e. economic, generalized zero-utility, Esscher, and mean-variance principles. Stop loss is a reinsurance contract which protect the insurance company for losses that exceed a certain amount. The result of this research shows that a truncated stop loss is an optimal agreement in the class of all reinsurance contracts with various premiums calculated using above mentioned principles.
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