Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Lumpur Serat (Sludge) Limbah padat Industri Pulp Dan Kwertas yang Dikomposkan terhadap sifat fisik dan Kimia Ultisol Kentrong, Lebak Serta Pertumbuhan Jagung (Zea Mays L.)
Abstrak: Salah satu alternatif penanganan limbah industri pulp dan kertas adalah pemanfaatan limbah tersebut untuk tujuan pertanian. Lumpur serat (sludge) limbah padat industri pulp dan kertas mengandung bahan organik sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan kompos. Penelitian ini bertu- juan untuk menelaah pengaruh pemberian lumpur serat (sludge) limbah industri pulp dan kertas yang sudah dikom- poskan terhadap beberapa sifat fisik dan kimia tanah Ultisol Kentrong serta pertumbuhan tanaman jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap, yaitu: pengomposan sludge dan pemberian kompos sludge sebagai bahan organik tanah. Sludge dikomposkan dengan 3 taraf lama pengomposan, yaitu: 4 minggu, 6 minggu dan 8 minggu. Kompos sludge diberikan ke dalam tanah dengan 3 taraf pemberian, yaitu: 5 ton/ha, 10 ton/ha dan 20 ton/ha. Pemberian kompos sludge dilaksanakan dalam 2 seri, yaitu: pada pot yang tidak ditanami untuk analisis sifat fisik tanah dan pada pot yang ditanami untuk analisis sifat kimia...dst
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Judul: Kajian Pemanfaatan Limbah Sludge IPAL lndustri Pulp dan Kertas sebagai Pupuk
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Seameo-Biotrop, Bogor. Limbah sludge IPAL diperoleh dari empat industri pulp clan kertas, yaitu PT. hdah Kiat Perawmg, PT. hdah Kiat Serang, PT. Indah Kiat Tangerang dan PT. R h Andalan Pulp & Paper. Kemudian sebagian dari sludge IPAL dikomposkan dengan menggunakan metode Bokashi dan &tivator Eh14. Penelitim in! tdiri daii percobam T C Lk~aca dimana pda ~ b a a r l ini di fokuskan pa& potensi h u l a s i Iogam berat pada hasil tanarraan uji yaitu jagung, tornat dan bayam den- penambahan pupuk sebesar ekivalen d e w 0 tlha, 25 tma, 75 t/ha dan 200 tha . Percobam kedw yaitu percobam lapang dengan fokus penelitian pada pengaruh pupuk berbab dasar sludge terhadap pertumbuban dan k i l tanaman jagung, tomat dan bayam, Penelitian menghasilkan inforrnasi Mwa logrun berat yang tdmmulasi pada hasil tanaman jagung, tomat dan bayam yaitu, tembaga (Cu), seng (Zn) dm Cr (krom). Akumulasi logam bemt pda hasil tanamm uji menunjukkan Mwa jumlah hulashya sangat kecil dan mash beds jauh dibawah hatas toleransi asupan logam berat ke dalam tubuh rnanusia Tanaman jagung dan bayam memperlihatkan pxtumbuhau dan hasil lebih baik dengan menggunakan pupuk kompos sludge dibandingkan pupuk sludge, h g k m untuk tanaman tomat, pupuk sludge memperlihatkan perhunbuhan dan hasil yang lebih baik dibarmdingkan pup& kompos sludge. Secara keseluruhan pupuk berbahan dasar sludge marnpu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan has11 dari ketiga jenis tanaman uji.
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Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Kompleks Spesies Himantura uarnak (Batoidea: Dasyatidae) di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Stingrays are one of the cartilaginous fish, apart of sharks and skates, and one of Indonesia's fishery resources. Almost of elasmobranch fishes are economically important fish. The refined products and live specimens of this fish are a lot of traded. Himantura uarnak, H. undulata and H. leoparda are stingray species in Himantura and Dasyatidae family, which are the most popular stingrays in Indonesia waters. The stingrays are major target species were used as a consumable product and trading products. Levels of species diversity of cartilaginous fish in Indonesia are very high, and also Indonesia is listed as one of the countries that use elasmobranch resources the highest in the world. Generally, this study aims to identify each species of H. uarnak species complex through molecular approaches. While specifically, this study aims to estimate the evolutionary process of species divergence and to determine the relationship between species. The methods were used in this study included field sampling, sample collection, and specimen identification, collection of genetic samples, analysis of genetic samples and data analysis . Size polymorphism nuclear DNA markers (intron EPIC) were used. Polymorphism alleles translated into genotypes and alleles frequency of five introns loci. The results of Bayesian analysis and Correspondence Analysis (CA) produced informative diagram of the population structure showed 4 different clusters. Cluster 1 and 4 were H. leoparda, Cluster 2 indicated as H. undulata and the Cluster 3 was H. uarnak. Cluster 1 was a variant of Cluster 4, in this time called as H. leoparda var.1. Separation of four clusters according to nuclear DNA need to be proved by mitochondria DNA maker by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b). Molecular approaches were using mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b produced 4 main groups (Group I, II, III and IV). Both of these molecular approaches showed each individual of groups were in consistent clade and the main group. Hence the H. uarnak species complex in Indonesian waters were divided into 4 main groups, and each was a particular species. The Group I and IV were the two group species that have been released as H. leoparda and Group I was H. leoparda var. 1 identified as cryptic species. Group II was one individual who grouped as H. undulata. Group III was one of other group that identified as H. uarnak and in accordance with the morphological characteristic through spotting pettern. Morphological approach to identified the stingrays of Himantura uarnak species complex clearly less accurate than the molecular approaches. Morphological approach should not be used to identify a species complex in stingrays without helped by other approaches.
Keyword: Himantura uarnak species complex, intron EPIC, cyt b, COI, spotting pattern