Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Kopi Indonesia ke Pasar Internasional
Abstrak: Agriculture is a sector that plays a vital role in economic activity in Indonesia. The contribution of agriculture to Gross Domestic Product was around 12.72 percent in 2019, which is the third-largest proportion after the Manufacturing Industry and Wholesale and Retail Trade at 19.70 percent and Car and Bicycle Repair Motor by 13.01 percent (BPS, 2020). As one of the largest coffee exporters in the world, Indonesia has significant destination countries in exporting coffee beans. The ten countries that are the main markets for Indonesian coffee beans are the United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, Malaysia, England, Egypt, Belgium, Algeria, and India. From year to year, Indonesian coffee exports continue to fluctuate. This becomes a question, what factors affect Indonesian coffee exports to the international market. This study aims to identify the factors that influence changes in the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to major importing countries (the United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, Malaysia, England, Egypt, Belgium, Algeria, and India). The data used in this study is panel data from 2000 to 2019. The method used in this study is Panel Data Regression with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach to determine whether the independent variables in this study have a significant effect on coffee exports and how the relationship between the dependent and independent variables partially. Based on the data processing carried out, it was found that Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exchange rate, and retail prices of importing countries significantly influence in a negative relationship the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to export destination countries. The Great depression in 2008 has a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable. Meanwhile, other variables, namely the volume of production, and variable of government intervention in 2012, did not significantly affect the volume of Indonesian coffee exports.
Keyword: coffee, export volume, international market

Judul: Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Biji Kopi Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Utama
Abstrak: Biji kopi khususnya jenis kopi HS 090111 (Coffee, not roasted, not decaffeinated) merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan Indonesia yang potensial. Hal tersebut menjadikan Indonesia sebagai negara eksportir kopi terbesar keempat di dunia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor biji kopi Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama menggunakan gravity model. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder tahunan yang diperoleh dari UN Comtrade, World Bank, CEPII dan OANDA. Hasil estimasi gravity model menunjukkan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap ekspor biji kopi Indonesia yaitu GDP riil per kapita Indonesia, nilai tukar Indonesia dan jarak ekonomi.
Keyword: biji kopi, gravity model, volume ekspor

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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