Judul: GP-11 DNA Vaccine Safety Test Against Aquatic Microbes in Aquaculture Media
Abstrak: Vaksin DNA untuk mencegah infeksi koi herpes virus (KHV) pada ikan merupakan produk rekayasa genetika yang dikhawatirkan dapat melakukan transmisi pada bakteri di perairan dan mempengaruhi keragaman hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keamanan vaksin DNA KHV GP-11 yang diaplikasikan melalui perendaman terhadap mikroba akuatik dalam media akuakultur. Bakteri flora normal dalam air yang mengandung vaksin DNA diisolasi pada jam ke-3, 12, 24, 48 dan 72. Bakteri tersebut disebar sebanyak 25 μL pada media kultur mengandung ampisilin (25 μg/μL). Bakteri yang tumbuh pada media tersebut sebanyak 18 isolat dan diantara bakteri tersebut adalah Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter. Bakteri diuji dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk membuktikan keberadaan plasmid vaksin DNA GP-11. Dari analisis PCR tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bakteri flora normal dalam air tidak dapat meng-uptake atau mengambil plasmid vaksin DNA GP-11 dari bakteri E.coli DH5α yang mengandung plasmid tersebut, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa vaksin DNA anti-KHV tidak ditransmisikan ke bakteri akuatik atau flora normal yang ada di media bekas vaksinasi menggunakan vaksin DNA GP-11. Hasil aplikasi vaksin DNA GP-11 dengan dosis 10 ml dan 100 ml secara perendaman tidak ada transfer plasmid vaksin DNA ke mikroba yang ada dalam air.
Keyword: bacteria, KHV, normal flora, transmission

Judul: Uji Keamanan Vaksin DNA GP-11 Terhadap Mikroba Akuatik di Media Akuakultur
Abstrak: DNA vaccine to prevent infection with koi herpes virus (KHV) in fish is a product of genetic engineering which is feared to be able to transmit bacteria in waters and affect biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of the KHV GP-11 DNA vaccine which was applied by immersion against aquatic microbes in an aquaculture environment. Bacteria of normal flora in water containing DNA vaccine were isolated at 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The bacteria were spread in 25 L of culture media containing ampicillin (25 g/μL). The bacteria that grew on the media were 18 isolates and among these bacteria were Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter. Bacteria were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to prove the presence of the GP-11 plasmid DNA vaccine. The PCR analysis showed that normal flora bacteria in water could not uptake or take the GP-11 DNA plasmid vaccine from E.coli DH5α bacteria containing the plasmid, so it can be said that the anti-KHV DNA vaccine was not transmitted to aquatic bacteria or normal flora in the media used for vaccination using DNA vaccine GP-11. The results of the application of the GP-11 DNA vaccine with a dose of 10 ml and 100 ml by immersion did not transfer the DNA vaccine plasmid microbes in the water.
Keyword: bacteria, KHV, normal flora, transmission

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory