Judul: Testing of Laying Hen Manure Doses and Improving Biofertilizer Application on the Growth and Quality of Vegetable Soybeans (Glycine max (L). Merril)
Abstrak: Kedelai edamame merupakan kedelai yang dipanen saat biji terisi penuh, masih berwarna hijau, biasa disebut vegetable soybean sebagai salah satu makanan sehat dan bergizi. Dosis pupuk kandang dalam produksi kedelai edamame secara organik perlu dioptimalisasi dan penggunaan pupuk hayati diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pupuk organik. Penelitian ini dilakukan mengidentifikasi produktivitas dan kualitas kedelai edamame dengan budidaya secara organik menggunakan kombinasi pupuk kandang ayam petelur dan pupuk hayati (biofertilizer). Percobaan di lapangan dilaksanakan pada bulan November sampai April 2023 di Kebun Percobaan IPB Cikarawang A, Dramaga, Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split-plot) dengan petak utama yaitu pupuk hayati dan anak petak berbagai dosis pupuk kandang ayam petelur sebanyak 3 ulangan. Dosis pupuk kandang yang digunakan yaitu 0, 8, 16, dan 24 ton ha-1. Pupuk hayati sebagai petak utama dengan dua perlakuan yaitu tanpa dan dengan pupuk hayati. Pupuk hayati diaplikasikan saat perendaman benih (10 g L-1) serta aplikasi langsung pada saat tanam dan tanaman umur 28 hari (5 g L-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan dosis pupuk kandang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi, jumlah daun, bobot polong per tanaman, jumlah buku produktif, dan bobot polong isi 2 biji. Penggunaan biofertilizer sangat nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman 3 minggu setelah tanam, jumlah daun 5 minggu setelah tanam, dan jumlah buku. Interaksi keduanya tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan dan komponen produksi. Kadar protein, serat, dan gula dari semua perlakuan sudah sesuai kriteria kualitas biji kedelai edamame yang diterima konsumen. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan dosis optimum 14,9 ton ha-1 untuk produktivitas polong. Produktivitas polong nyata berkorelasi positif dengan tinggi tanaman namun negatif dengan jumlah polong hampa per tanaman., Edamame are soybeans that harvested when the pod are fully filled, still green, and considered as healthy and nutritious vegetable soybean. To produce organically, organic fertilizer doses need to be determined and the use of biofertilizers is expected can increase the efficiency of organic fertilizer use. The purpose of the experiment was to identify the productivity and quality of edamame soybean with organic cultivation using a combination of laying hen manure and biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out from November to April 2023 at the IPB Experimental Farm Cikarawang A, Dramaga, Bogor. This experiment used a split-plot design, with the main plot was biofertilizer and the subplots were various doses of laying hen manure with 3 replications. The dose of manure used were 0, 8, 16, and 24 tonnes ha-1. Biofertilizier as main plot with two treatments namely without and with biofertilizer. Biofertilizer was applied during seed soaking (10 g L-1) and direct application at planting time and 28-day-old plants (5 g L-1). The results showed that increasing the dose of manure could increase plant height, leaf numbers, pod weight per plant, productive node numbers and 2-seed pod weight. The use of biofertilizer significantly increases plant height at 3 weeks after planting, leaf numbers at 5 weeks after planting, and node numbers. The interaction between the two factors did not have a significant effect on growth and production components. The protein, fiber, and sugar levels of all treatments were in accordance with the quality criteria of edamame
Keyword: efficiency, optimum dose, protein, fiber, sugar

Judul: The Effect of Doses of Layer Chicken Manure and Biofertilizers for Growth, Production, and Quality of Edamame Soybeans (Glycine max (L). Merril
Abstrak: Edamame merupakan kedelai polong muda yang dikonsumsi sebagai sayuran (vegetable soybean). Polong dipanen saat kulit polong masih berwarna hijau sebelum menguning, biji berisi penuh, dan memiliki ukuran yang lebih besar serta rasa yang lebih manis dari kedelai biasa. Pupuk hayati dapat ditambah untuk mengurangi kebutuhan pupuk kandang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang ayam petelur ditambah pupuk hayati untuk pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kualitas kedelai edamame (Glycine max (L). Merril). Percobaan di lapangan dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari sampai April 2023 di Lahan Organik Kebun Percobaan IPB Cikarawang, Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split-plot) dengan petak utama yaitu pupuk hayati dan anak petak berbagai dosis pupuk kandang ayam petelur, dengan 3 ulangan. Dosis pupuk kandang yang digunakan yaitu 0, 8, 16, dan 24 ton ha-1. Perlakuan pupuk hayati yaitu pemberian pupuk hayati konsentrasi 10 ml L-1 dan tanpa pemberian pupuk hayati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis pupuk kandang ayam meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, luas daun, indeks luas daun, bobot basah dan bobot kering tanaman, jumlah bunga, dan jumlah buku. Komponen produksi yang dipengaruhi dosis pupuk kandang adalah jumlah polong isi, bobot polong isi per tanaman, bobot polong per petak, bobot basah tanaman saat panen, bobot basah 100 biji, dan produktivitas per petak. Pupuk hayati nyata meningkatkan jumlah daun pada 6 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dan kadar hara N-total daun edamame. Interaksi pupuk kandang ayam dan pupuk hayati berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah polong isi, jumlah polong isi 2 biji, dan bobot polong isi per tanaman. Jumlah polong isi dan bobot polong isi per tanaman tertinggi pada dosis 24 ton ha-1 pupuk kandang ayam ditambah pupuk hayati. Produktivitas polong edamame tertinggi adalah 11,4 ton ha-1 dengan dosis pupuk kandang ayam 24 ton ha-1. Dosis pupuk kandang yang optimum untuk produktivitas edamame belum diperoleh., Edamame is a young soybean pod that is consumed as a vegetable (vegetable soybean). The pods are harvested when the pods are still green before they turn yellow, the seeds are full, and have a larger size and sweeter flavor than regular soybeans. Edamame soybean can be cultivated organically with high amount of animal manure as nutrient sources. Biofertilizer can be added to reduce the demand of manure. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of laying hen manure added with biological fertilizer for the growth, production, and quality of edamame soybean. Field experiment was conducted from January to April 2023 at the Organic Field of IPB Experimental Farm, Cikarawang, Bogor. This study used a split-plot design with biofertilizer as the main plot and various doses of laying hen manure as subplots of with 3 replications. The doses of manure were 0, 8, 16, and 24 tons ha-1. The biofertilizer treatment consisted of 10 ml L-1 and without aplication of biofertilizer. The results showed that increasing the dosage of hen manure increased plant height, leaf number, leaf area, leaf area index, fresh weight, dry weight of plants, flower number and node numbers. Yield components were also affected namely numbers of filled pods, weight of filled pods per plant, pod weight per plot, fresh weight of
Keyword: food fiber, filled pods, organic, protein level

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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