Judul: Expression of Aquaporin Genes in Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq) Resistant and Affected by Boktor Pests Based on  Real-Time PCR
Abstrak: Sengon (F. moluccana) merupakan spesies tanaman cepat tumbuh (fast growing) dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Salah satu permasalahan yang terjadi pada penanaman sengon monokultur adalah timbulnya serangan hama boktor (Xystrocera festiva). Secara alami tanaman sengon memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap serangan hama boktor, salah satunya adalah aquaporin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengukur tingkat ekspresi gen aquaporin pada kambium pohon sengon resistan dan terserang hama boktor secara kuantitatif dengan teknik real-time PCR. Prosedur penelitian ini meliputi isolasi RNA total, sintesis cDNA, perancangan primer spesifik gen aquaporin dan aktin, optimasi eskpresi gen dengan real-time PCR, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Comparative CT method (2 -ΔΔC T). Hasil kuantifikasi menunjukkan tingkat ekspresi gen aquaporin pada ketiga sampel sengon resistan yaitu sebesar 573,05; 2,62; dan 177,99 sedangkan sengon terserang boktor sebesar 8,04; 3,76; dan 4,67. Secara garis besar, ekspresi gen aquaporin pada sengon resistan lebih tinggi dibandingkan sengon terserang hama boktor, kecuali pada sampel 2., Sengon (F. moluccana) is a fast-growing plant species with high economic value. One problem in monoculture sengon planting is the emergence of boktor pests (Xystrocera festiva). Naturally, sengon plants have genes for resistance to boktor pests, one of which is aquaporin. This study aimed to measure the level of aquaporin gene expression in the cambium of resistant and attacked boktor pests quantitatively using the Real-time PCR technique. The research procedures included total RNA isolation, cDNA synthesis, design of specific primers for aquaporin and actin genes, optimization of gene expression with real-time PCR, and analysis using the Comparative CT method (2 -ΔΔC T). The quantification results showed the expression levels of the aquaporin gene in the three samples of resistant sengon were 573,05; 2,62; and 177,99, while sengon attacked by boktor were 8,04; 3,76; and 4,67. In general, expression of the aquaporin gene in resistant sengon was higher than that of sengon attacked by boktor, except for sample 2.
Keyword: actin, aquaporin, Falcataria mollucana, real-time PCR

Judul: Ekspresi Gen Trypsin Inhibitor Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) yang Sehat dan Terserang Hama Boktor
Abstrak: Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) merupakan salah satu jenis cepat tumbuh yang kayunya banyak dimanfaatkan sehingga sering dibudidayakan terutama di Pulau Jawa. Adanya serangan hama penggerek batang boktor (Xystrocera festiva Thombs) terhadap sengon menyebabkan kerugian yang besar karena dapat menurunkan kualitas kayu dan menurunkan nilai jual kayu sengon. Secara alami tanaman sengon memiliki gen ketahanan terhadap serangan hama boktor, salah satunya adalah trypsin inhibitor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan tingkat ekspresi gen trypsin inhibitor pada kambium pohon sengon resisten dan terserang hama boktor secara kuantitatif dengan teknik Quantitative Real Time PCR. Gen target yang digunakan yaitu trypsin inhibitor (TI) dan gen Actin sebagai internal kontrol dirancang dari analisa data transkriptom sengon. Data Threshold cycle (CT) yang diperoleh kemudian dikuantifikasi menggunakan metode comparative CT method (2 -ΔΔCT). Hasil kuantifikasi menunjukkan tingkat ekspresi gen trypsin inhibitor pada ketiga sampel sengon resisten yaitu sebesar 1.90, 2.20, dan 2,85 sedangkan sengon terserang boktor sebesar 4.07, 2.05, dan 4.08. Rata-rata ekspresi gen trypsin inhibitor pada sengon terserang hama boktor lebih tinggi dibandingkan sengon yang resisten. Kata kunci: Falcataria moluccana, Trypsin Inhibitor, Quantitative Real Time PCR, Sengon (Falcataria moluccana Miq.) is highly demanded fast growing tree species which leads to the increasing sengon cultivation especially in Java. Boktor pest (Xystrocera festiva Thombs) decrease the quality of sengon wood, causing a high loss due to lower selling price of the log. Naturally sengon has resistance gene to defend itself from boktor pest attacks, and one of these genes is trypsin inhibitor. This study aimed to comparing the level of trypsin inhibitor gene expression in sengon’s cambium that is resistant and attacked by boktor pests. The analysis of gene expression level was carried out using the Real Time PCR technique. Primers of trypsin inhibitor (TI) gene as the target gene and Actin gene as the internal control were designed from sengon’s transcriptomic data analysis. Threshold cycle (CT) that obtained then quantified using comparative CT method (2 -ΔΔCT). Quantification results showed that the expression level of trypsin inhibitor from three resistant samples are 1.90, 2.20, and 2,85 while in sengon attacked by boktor are 4.07, 2.05, and 4,08. The average trypsin inhibitor gene expression in sengon attacked by boktor pest was higher than resistant ones. Keywords: Falcataria moluccana, Trypsin Inhibitor, Quantitative Real Time PCR
Keyword: Falcataria moluccana, Trypsin Inhibitor, Real Time PCR

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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