Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Tutupan luas hutan Indonesia menurun drastis seluas 62,29 juta ha dalam kurun waktu 47 tahun, dari semula 162,29 juta ha pada tahun 1950, menjadi 100 juta ha pada tahun 1997. Terjadinya penurunan luas tutupan hutan disebabkan oleh : penebangan hutan secara besar-besaran, pembukaan perkebunan, pertanian tradisional skala kecil, kebakaran hutan dan program transmigrasi. Tutupan hutan yang dialokasikan untuk dikonversi, tidak seluruhnya dikelola secara optimal, sehingga sekitar 8,5 juta ha lahan dalam keadaan terclegradasi berupa semak-belukar dan alang-alang, yang luasnya bertambah 150 - 200 Mbu ha setiap tahun.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Kondisi hidroorologis DAS Konto Hulu saat ini semakin menurun yang dicirikan oleh peningkatan fluktuasi debit aliran, peningkatan laju erosi dan peningkatan laju sedimentasi tahunan di Waduk Selorejo melebihi dead storage sediment waduk. Kondisi ini dipercepat oleh konversi lahan hutan menjadi non hutan yang berlangsung sejak lama serta perambahan hutan untuk pemenuhan kebutuhan kayu bakar dan rumput makanan ternak oleh penduduk yang bermukim disekitar hutan. Untuk mencegah kerusakan lebih lanjut diperlukan pengelolaan kawasan hutannya.
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Judul: Extraction and Characteristic of Collagen and Nanoparticle Collagen from the Skin of Stingray Fish (Pastinachus solocirostris) as Ingredient of Cosmetics.
Abstrak: Isolation of collagen from the skin of stingray fish (Pastinachus solocirostris) has been successfully conducted with three stages: first soaked in 0.05 M NaOH with a sample/solution ratio of 1:10 (w/v) for 6 hour, second soaked in 0.1 M acetic acid with a sample/solution ratio of 1:6 (w/v) for 2 hour, and third extraction with destilated water at temperature 40 C for 2 hour with a yield of 14.475 % (wet base). Nanoparticle collagen was made with desolvation method using etanol as a desolvating agent with a collagen solution/etanol ratio of 1:1. Yield of nanoparticle collagen was 9.64% (wet base) with particle size of 185.24 nm. Collagen and nanoparticle collagen is in the form of white powder with whiteness degree 72.48% and 60.03%, respectively. Protein is the major component in collagen and nanoparticle collagen (86.97% and 86.18%) with trace amount of ash (0.17% and 0.13%) and fat (0.19% and 0.25%), respectively. Based on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns, amino acid composition, and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of both collagen and nanoparticle collagen were characterized as type I collagens. Nanostructural analysis of collagen and nanoparticle collagen by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that both were separate aggregates. Other characteristics of collagen and nanoparticle collagen were: Tmax of 165.88 C and 156.63 C; Viscosity 292.33 cP dan 110 cP; pH 5.00 dan 4.93; respectively. Collagen has highest solubility at pH 7 and the isoelectric point at pH 6, 9, and 10. Therefore, nanoparticle collagen has highest solubility at pH 3 dan and the isoelectric point at pH 6. Collagen and nanoparticle collagen from skin of stingray fish (Pastinachus solocirostris) has a characteristic for a potential use as a cosmetic ingredient.
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