Judul: Variasi Gene Cytochrome Oxidase 1 pada Apis andreniformis dan Apis dorsata
Abstrak: Distribusi lebah madu Apis andreniformis dan A. dorsata (Hymenoptera: Apidae) adalah di Asia Tenggara, termasuk Indonesia. Analisis morfologi untuk kedua spesies lebah ini sudah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia, namun belum ada data DNA mitokondria berdasarkan gen cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variasi gen CO1 A. andreniformis dan A. dorsata. Analisis filogenetik pada lebah A. andreniformis dilakukan dengan menggabungkan database gen CO1 A. andreniformis asal Nepal dan Cina, lebah A. dorsata digabungkan dengan database gen CO1 A. dorsata asal Kalimantan Selatan, Sabah, Sarawak dan Cina. Hasil sekuen gen CO1 parsial A. andreniformis adalah 582 pb dan A. dorsata 507 pb. Jarak genetik terendah antara sampel A. andreniformis asal Padang Pariaman dengan Nepal dan Cina. Jarak genetik tertinggi pada A. dorsata antara sampel asal Sukabumi dengan sampel asal Kalimantan Selatan, Sabah, Sarawak dan Cina. Analisis filogenetik berdasarkan gen CO1 menunjukkan A. andreniformis asal Indonesia dan Cina mengelompok menjadi satu grup. Analisis filogenetik A. dorsata menunjukkan bahwa sampel asal Sukabumi terpisah dengan A. dorsata asal Kalimantan Selatan, Sabah, Sarawak, dan Cina
Keyword: Apis, open nesting honey bee, dwarf honey bee, giant honey bee, DNA mitochondria, CO1 gene

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Variation of Cytochrome C Oxidase  1 (COX1) Gene, Cytochrome C Oxidase 2 (COX2) Gene, and Intergenic Spacer  (IGS) COX1/COX2 Apis dorsata from Sumatra
Abstrak: Apis dorsata merupakan lebah madu hutan dengan distribusi di Asia tropis dan subtropis, salah satunya Sumatra, Indonesia. Penelitian terkait molekuler A. dorsata di Sumatra masih belum banyak dilakukan. Oleh sebab itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis variasi molekuler A. dorsata Sumatra menggunakan gen COX1, COX2, dan IGS COX1/COX2 DNA mitokondria (mtDNA). Analisis molekuler terdiri dari ekstraksi DNA menggunakan metode Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) dan presipitasi alkohol dengan modifikasi, amplifikasi dan sekuensing DNA, serta ,analisis bioinformatika dan filogenetik. Sampel dikoleksi dari empat provinsi di Sumatra: Riau, Jambi, Sumatra Selatan dan Kepulauan Bangka Belitung. Hasil menunjukkan A. dorsata asal Sumatra pada gen COX1 dan COX2 memiliki variasi sebanyak delapan dan enam nukleotida, yang menghasilkan enam haplotipe untuk tiap marka. Sekuen IGS COX1/COX2 memiliki panjang total 25 pb dan tidak ada variasi nukleotida. Setiap lokasi kecamatan di Sumatra Selatan membentuk haplotipe spesifik pada gen COX1 dan menunjukkan variasi genetik yang tinggi. Berdasarkan pohon filogenetik, gen COX1 lebih informatif daripada gen COX2 dalam menunjukkan kekerabatan lebah A. dorsata Sumatra. Pada pohon filogenetik COX1, A. dorsata asal Jambi, Riau, Kepulauan Bangka Belitung, serta satu koloni asal Kec. Peninjauan, Kab. Ogan Komering Ulu, Sumatra Selatan berada dalam satu kluster., Apis dorsata is a forest honeybee distributed in tropical and subtropical Asia, one of which is Sumatra, Indonesia. The molecular study of A. dorsata in Sumatra has not been widely carried out. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze molecular variations of Sumatran A. dorsata using the COX1 gene, COX2 gene, and IGS COX1/COX2. The molecular analysis consisted of DNA extraction using the Cetyl Trimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) and alcohol precipitation with modification, DNA amplification and sequencing, bioinformatics and phylogenetics analysis. Samples were collected from four provinces in Sumatra: Riau, Jambi, South Sumatra, and Bangka Belitung Islands. The results showed that Sumatran A. dorsata in the COX1 and COX2 genes had eight and six nucleotide variations, resulting in six haplotypes for each marker. The total length of the IGS COX1/COX2 sequence was 25 bp and there was no nucleotide variation. Each sub-district location in South Sumatra formed a specific haplotype in the COX1 gene and showed high genetic variation. Based on the phylogenetic tree, the COX1 gene is more informative in presenting the genetic relationship of A. dorsata from Sumatra than the COX2 gene. In the COX1 phylogenetic tree, A. dorsata from Jambi, Riau, Bangka Belitung Islands, and a colony from Peninjauan Sub-district, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, South Sumatra is in one cluster.
Keyword: DNA mitokondria, filogenetik, jarak genetik, Sumatra Selatan, variasi haplotipe, genetic distance, haplotype variation, mitochondrial DNA, phylogenetic, South Sumatra

Judul: Pengembangan Model Quality of Experience untuk Televisi IPTV secara Empiris
Abstrak: Quality of Experience is closely related to expectations, customer experience and subjective perception of the performance of multimedia communications applications. Quality of Service is limited to the size of the network quality. The initial step in conducting the study is to prepare the IPTV network infrastructure consisting of a central station (headend), local transmission (core network) and a public transmission (access network). The next step is to do the Quality of Service measurement by flowing through IPTV network infrastructure a video format H.264 with a bit rate ranging from 1000 to 8000 kbps. Each node of the network is recording video packet data network (packet loss, delay and jitter). After that, map Quality of Service to Quality of Experience value using the ITU - T G1070. Transmission measurements at the central station (headend) show that the small values of QoS. Packet loss values lower than 0.10%, the value is lower than 32ms delay, and jitter values lower than 5ms. Video QoE value (VQ) ranged between 4 (Good). Stable QoE ensure good network performance. For transmission measurements on the local (core network), with a bit rate of ≥ 2000 kbps, shows that packet loss value is small (≤ 0.10%) and video QoE values ranged between 4 (Good). Average delay of RTP is approximately 60 ms and average jitter of RTP is 16.5 ms giving effect to the choppy video QoE. As for the TCP, it is relatively better because of the small value of QoS. Value of packet loss is approximately 0.0%, average delay is 5 ms and average jitter is 5.2 ms. Fluctuations QoE describe poor network performance to support IPTV services. For the measurement of the transmission to the public (access network) shows that the value of small packet loss (≤ 0.10%), the value of the RTP delay is around 60ms and jitter values of the RTP is 7.2ms. Video QoE value stable range between 4 (Good). Just as the headend, network performance has provided a good guarantee for IPTV services.
Keyword: Quality of Service, Quality of Experience, Mean Opinion Score, IPTV, video streaming, ITU-T G.1070.