Judul: Case  study  of  fatty  degeneration  in  the  bird  of  paradise  (paradisaeidae  minor)
Abstrak: Paradisaeidae minoryang dikenal dengan nama burung cendrawasih adalah satwa yang dilindungi dan banyak digunakan sebagai salah satu contoh satwa ciri khas Indonesia sehingga burung cendrawasih sering dikonservasikan di kebun binatang ataupun pusat konservasi lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji kejadian degenerasi lemak pada organ hati dan ginjal burung cendrawasih. Burung cendrawasih kuning kecil Paradisaeidae minor dinekropsi untuk pengambilan organ hati dan ginjal. Setelah itu, organ hati dan ginjal difiksasi dalam Buffered Neutral Formalin 10% selama 48 jam untuk pembuatan preparat histopatologi. Selanjutnya preparat histopatologi diberi pewarnaan HE (Hematoksilin dan Eosin) dan PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff). Hasil dari pewarnaan HE yaitu adanya degenerasi lemak pada organ hati dan ginjal. Pada pewarnaan PAS, vakuol-vakuol yang ada pada tubulus di organ hati dan ginjal tidak terwarnai yang menandakan bahwa vakuol tersebut adalah lemak.Gangguan dalam sintesis atau sekresi dalam tubuh dapat menyebabkan akumulasi lemak di hepatosit atau peningkatan trigliserida dalam darah yang mengakibatkan deposisi lemak pada organ hatidan ginjal. Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS) dapat disebabkan akibat defisiensi biotin., Paradisaeidae minor, known as the bird of paradise is a protected species and generally known as Indonesia special attraction, so this bird is often conserved in zoos or other conservation centre. The purpose of this study was to assess the incidence of fatty degeneration in the liver and kidney of birds of paradise. Small yellow bird of Paradise (Paradisaeidae minor) was necropsied for organs sampling. Afterwords, the liver and kidneys were fixed in Neutral Buffered Formalin 10% during 48 hours of making preparations for histopathology. Furthermore, given the histopathological preparations HE staining (hemotoxylin and eosin) and PAS (Periodic Acid Schiff). The result of HE staining are fatty degeneration of the liver and kidneys. In PAS staining, vacuoles existing in the cytoplasm of kidney tubules and hepatocytes were not stained, suggesting that these vacuoles are actually fatty cells. Disruption in the synthesis or secretion in the body may lead to the accumulation of fat in hepatocytes or elevated trigylcerides in the blood resulting in deposition of fat in the liverand kidneys. Fatty Liver and Kidney Syndrome (FLKS) might be due to deficiency of biotin or other nutrients.
Keyword: burung cendrawasih, degenerasi lemak, ginjal, hati, FLKS

Judul: Penangkaran Cendrawasih Kuning Kecil (Paradisaea minor Shaw,1809) di Taman Burung, Taman Mini Indonesia Indah dan Mega Bird and Orchid Farm.
Abstrak: Ex situ conservation is a means to save wildlife animal include lesser bird of paradise. Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII) Bird Park and Mega Bird And Orchid Farm (MBOF) were two institutions that support ex-situ conservation program with different purposes. TMII Bird Park has non-commercial purpose breeding, while MBOF has commercial purpose in captivity breeding. The objectives of this research was to describe the management of captive breeding of lesser bird of paradise with the influencing factor for captive breedig success and the daily behavior of lesser bird of paradise in the cage. This research was conducted from March until April 2015. Focal animal sampling and one zero sampling method were employed to observe daily behaviour. The results showed that there were not differences in management between the two locations, and did not success for breeding. The behaviors had been identified were: resting, ingestive, locomotion, and maintenance behavior. The disturbances caused by visitors and other animals.
Keyword: daily behaviors, lesser bird of paradise, management of captivity

Judul: Two Sector Economic Growth Model in Discrete Time
Abstrak: Economic growth is a condition in the economy that is reflected in the increase of goods and services produced within the community. The purpose of this thesis is to study two sectors economic growth model in discrete time proposed by Zhang (2007). The model involves an economic society with two commodities produced, i.e. capital goods and consumption goods. Both goods are produced with capital and labor as independent variables. The production function is the Cobb-Douglas function. This model shows that the dynamic system has a unique equilibrium solution. Based on some simulations, it has been shown that an increased propensity to save will increase per capita capital and output.
Keyword: