Judul: Distribusi Spasial dan Karakteristik Habitat Perkembangbiakan Anopheles spp. serta Peranannya dalam Penularan Malaria di Desa Doro, Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan, Provinsi Maluku Utara
Abstrak: Malaria merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di Indonesia karena menyebabkan kesakitan dan kematian terutama di daerah pedesaan dengan akses layanan kesehatan yang relatif sulit serta tingkat pendidikan yang rendah. Prevalensi kesakitan malaria khususnya di Maluku Utara tahun 2007 sebesar 7,23%, sedangkan di Desa Doro Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan merupakan daerah endemis dengan angka klinis malaria lebih dari 50‰ pertahun.
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Judul: Keragaman Jenis, Perilaku dan Habitat Anopheles spp. di Desa Lifuleo Kecamatan Kupang Barat Kabupaten Kupang, Nusa Tenggara Timur:
Abstrak: Malaria merupakan salah satu penyakit yang dikategorikan berbahaya di dunia, setiap tahunnya tercatat 300 sampai 500 juta kasus klinis malaria dan kematian 2,7 juta terutama pada anak-anak. Di Indonesia malaria masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat. Malaria dapat menurunkan status kesehatan, produktivitas penduduk sehingga menjadi hambatan penting untuk pembangunan sosial dan ekonomi. Pada tahun 1995, di perkirakan 15 juta penduduk terkena malaria, terjadi kematian pada dua persen dari total penderita malaria. Pada tahun 2001, malaria di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur menempati ranking tertinggi nasional yaitu memiliki angka kesakitan malaria 150 per 1.000 orang per tahun, diikuti oleh Papua 63,91 kasus per 1.000 penduduk per tahun. Besarnya AMI di provinsi ini selama lima tahun berturut-turut sejak 2004 hingga 2008 adalah 168 o/o o , 167 o/oo, 145 o/oo, 119 o/oo, dan 83 o/oo. Malaria disebabkan oleh Plasmodium spp. dan ditularkan oleh nyamuk Anopheles spp. dari orang yang sakit atau terinfeksi Plasmodium spp. kepada orang yang sehat. Upaya pengendalian nyamuk Anopheles spp. yang merupakan vektor penyakit ini perlu dilakukan selain dengan cara pengobatan terhadap penderita.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm