Judul: Flower Harvesting and Essential Oil Quality of Two Accessions of Cananga (Cananga odorata) in The Two Harvest Seasons.
Abstrak: Bunga kenanga merupakan salah satu bunga yang telah dikenal diberbagai wilayah di Indonesia dan mempunyai arti penting tidak saja sebagai bahan baku minyak atsiri namun juga pada berbagai penggunaan segar lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan potensi produksi dan kualitas minyak atsiri dua aksesi kenanga pada dua musim tanam serta mendapatkan potensi produksi dan minyak atsiri pada stadia pertumbuhan yang terbaik. Kedua jenis bunga kenanga ditanam di kebun percobaan IPB Cikabayan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap karakter bagian daun, bunga, fenologi pembungaan, pertumbuhan vegetatif, produksi serta minyak atsiri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aksesi Kediri memiliki tangkai daun berwarna merah kecoklatan, cabang berwarna merah kecoklatan dan batang berwarna coklat tua; sedangkan aksesi Cipanas memiliki tangkai daun dan cabang berwarna hijau dan batang berwarna coklat muda. Bunga kenanga Aksesi Kediri memiliki ukuran lebih besar dengan jumlah petal yang lebih banyak dibandingkan aksesi Cipanas. Fenologi pembungaan aksesi Kediri dimulai dari munculnya kuncup bunga hingga fase akhir selama 35 hari, sedangkan aksesi Cipanas selama 25 hari. Produksi bobot bunga aksesi Kediri memiliki nilai tertinggi dibandingkan aksesi Cipanas di kedua musim panen. Rendemen minyak atsiri tertinggi aksesi Cipanas pada stadia 50% berbunga penuh sebesar 0,92%, dan menurun hingga pembungaan akhir. Aksesi kediri memghasilkan rendemen minyak tertinggi pada akhir waktu panen mencapai 0.63%. kandungan senyawa tertinggi aksesi Kediri adalah all-trans-Farnesol aceate 14,24%, β-Copaene 12.23% dan Caryophyllene 15.92%. Sedangkan pada aksesi Cipanas adalah linalool 18.74% and Caryophyllene 16.00%., The cananga flower is a flower that is well known in various regions in Indonesia and has importance not only as a raw material for essential oils but also for various other fresh uses. This research aims to obtain the production potential and quality of essential oils of two cananga accessions in two growing seasons and to obtain the production potential and essential oils at the best growth stage. Both types of cananga flowers were planted in the IPB Cikabayan experimental garden. Observations were made on the characteristics of leaves, flowers, flowering phenology, vegetative growth, production and essential oils. The research results showed that the Kediri Accession had brownish red leaf petioles, brownish red branches and dark brown stems; while the Cipanas accession has green leaf stalks and branches and light brown stems. The Kediri accession cananga flower has a larger size with a greater number of petals than the Cipanas accession. The flowering phenology of the Kediri accession starts from the emergence of flower buds until the final phase takes 35 days, while the Cipanas accession lasts 25 days. The flower weight production of the Kediri accession had the highest value compared to the Cipanas accession in both harvest seasons. The highest essential oil yield of the Cipanas accession was at the 50% full flowering stage of 0.92%, and decreased until final flowering. The Kediri accession produced the highest oil yield at the end of the flowering phase, reaching 0.63%. The highest compound content of the Kediri accession was all-trans-Farnesol aceate 14.24%, β-Copaene 12.23% and Caryophyllene 15.92%. Meanwhile, in the Cipanas accession, it was linalool 18.74% and Caryophyllene 16.00%.
Keyword: fenologi pembungaan, linalool, morfologi kenanga, produksi bunga, profil minyak

Judul: Pengaruh Perajangan Bunga Kenanga (Canangium odorotum Baill), Kepadatan dan Metode Penyulingan Terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Minyak Kenanga yang Dihasilkan
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the developing countries which have the potency to export cananga oil. About 50 tons cananga oil from Indonesia every year exported to Europe and American. Cananga oil Producer area in Indonesia for example regency Boyolali, Cirebon, Banten And Blitar. In this time in Indonesia the ordinary distillation method done some distillation generally by using water distillation and is previously done by slice. This research aim are to studying influence slice of the sliced cananga flower, distillation method and substance density. Others, to produce optimal yield and quality of cananga oil. The Experimental design were subjected to an analysis of variance for a completely random design 3x2x2 with duplo procedure. The treatment are the bulk density of cananga flower in the vessel (0.075 kg/L, 0.0875 kg/L dan 0.1 kg/L), the distillation method of cananga flower (water distillation, water and steam distillation), and sliced flower before distillation and without slice. This research done in 2 step, the first preliminary research consist of analysis water content (82%), cananga oil content (1.6 %) and look for the optimum condition from distillation of cananga oil. The second step is the main research were done distillation according to treatment which have been specified . Interaction of distillation method and slicing of cananga flower has influence in evaporation residu number and acid number. Interaction of distillation method, slice of cananga flower, and bulk density of flower has influenced to acid number. Factor of distillation didn’t influence to specific gravity and index of refraction. Factor of slicing of cananga flower didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, ester number and acid number. Factor of bulk density of flower didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction and optical rotation. Interaction of distillation method and slicing of cananga flower didn’t influence to yield, specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, and ester number. Interaction of distillation method and bulk density of flower and interaction of bulk density of flower and slicing of cananga didn’t influence to quality of the cananga oil. Interaction from three factor didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, ester number, evaporation residu number, and yield of cananga oil. Progressively the increasing of bulk density will tend to decrease yield, specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, and the ester number, but tend to increase value of evaporation residu and acid number. All cananga oil are yielded soluble in etanol 95% with ratio 1:1 to 1:10. Water and steam distillation yielded cananga oil with value more height than water distillation in yield, specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, and acid number. Flower with slicing yielded cananga oil with value more height than flower without slicing in specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, ester number and evaporation residu number. Based on the GCMS analysis showed that the component which implied in cananga oil consist of Linalool, Geranyl acetate, beta.-Caryophyllene, alpha.- Caryophyllene, Germacrene-D, alpha.-Bergamotene, delta.-Cadinene, Benzyl benzoate dan Cis-Farnesol amounted to 80.82 %, as for minor component amounted to 19.18% consist of monoterpen and benzena and part of Monoterpen O, seskuiterpen,
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Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik