Judul: Efficacy of Black Cumin (Nigella sativa L.) Infusion as an  Antidiarrhea in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Jintan hitam (Nigella sativa L.) merupakan tanaman berkhasiat yang umum digunakan sebagai obat berbagai penyakit. Belum ada riset farmakologi infusa jintan hitam memiliki aktivitas sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder melalui uji fitokimia dan efikasi sediaan infusa jintan hitam sebagai antidiare melalui metode proteksi intestinal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi kedalam 5 kelompok perlakuan: satu kelompok kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%]), satu kelompok kontrol positif (Loperamid HCl), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan jintan hitam dengan konsentrasi 25, 50, dan 100%. Parameter yang digunakan yakni frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, awal mula dan durasi diare. Ditemukan bahwa senyawa antidiare infusa jintan hitam adalah flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, dan saponin. Infusa jintan hitam juga menunjukkan aktivitas antidiare pada konsentrasi 25, 50, dan 100% dengan menurunkan frekuensi defekasi, memperbaiki konsistensi, menunda terjadinya diare, dan memperpendek durasi diare. Efek antidiare terbaik dimunculkan oleh infusa jintan hitam konsentrasi 50% yang dapat menyembuhkan diare setara dengan loperamid. Oleh karena itu, infusa jintan hitam 50% berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai herbal antidiare. Black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) is a nutritious plant commonly used as a medicinal herb for various diseases. However, no pharmacological research has shown that black cumin infusion has antidiarrheal activity. This research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds through phytochemical tests and the efficacy of black cumin infusion as an antidiarrheal preparation using intestinal protection methods. This study used 30 mice, which were divided into 5 treatment groups: a negative control group (Tween 80 [1%]), a positive control group (Loperamid HCl), and three black cumin treatment groups with concentrations of 25, 50, and 100%. The parameters used are defecation frequency, stool consistency, onset, and duration of diarrhoea. It was found that the antidiarrheal compounds of black cumin infusion are flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins and saponins. Black cumin infusion also showed antidiarrheal activity at a concentration of 25, 50, and 100% by reducing the frequency of defecation, improving consistency, delaying the occurrence of diarrhoea, and shortening the duration of diarrhoea. The best antidiarrheal effect is produced by black cumin infusion with a 50% concentration, which can cure diarrhoea on par with loperamid. Therefore, 50% black cumin infusion has the potential to be developed as an antidiarrheal herb.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, jintan hitam, proteksi intestinal, uji fitokimia

Judul: Effectiveness of Tamarind Leaf Infusion (Tamarindus indica L.) as an Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Asam jawa merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki khasiat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, namun belum ada penelitian ilmiah mengenai aktivitas infusa daun asam jawa sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi infusa daun asam jawa yang efektif dalam memberikan efek antidiare pada mencit. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yang terdiri dari kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%]), kontrol positif (Loperamid HCl), dan tiga kelompok yang diberi perlakuan infusa daun asam jawa dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (25%, 50%, dan 100%). Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, waktu awal terjadinya diare, durasi, dan waktu penyembuhan diare. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ekstrak infusa daun asam jawa sebagai antidiare memiliki kemampuan menurunkan frekuensi defekasi, meningkatkan konsistensi feses, menunda terjadinya diare, dan memperlama waktu penyembuhan diare. Hasil uji fitokimia dari infusa daun asam jawa mengandung flavonoid, steroid, dan terpenoid. Semua kelompok ekstrak infusa daun asam jawa memberikan hasil yang efektif sebagai antidiare., Tamarind is an herbal plant that has properties to treat various diseases, but there has been no scientific research on the activity of tamarind leaf infusion as antidiarrheal. This study aims to determine the concentration of tamarind leaf infusion that is effective in providing antidiarrheal effects on mice. This study also aims to analyze the content of secondary metabolite compounds. This study used 30 mice divided into 5 groups consisting of negative control (Tween 80 [1%]), positive control (Loperamide HCl), and three groups treated with tamarind leaf infusion with graded concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%). The parameters used in the intestinal protection method were frequency of defecation, stool consistency, time of onset of diarrhea, duration, and healing time of diarrhea. The results obtained showed that tamarind leaf infusion extract as an antidiarrheal agent has the ability to reduce the frequency of defecation, increase stool consistency, delay the onset of diarrhea, and prolong the healing time of diarrhea. Phytochemical test results of tamarind leaf infusion contain flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids. All groups of tamarind leaf infusion extracts provide effective results as antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, daun asam jawa, infusa

Judul: Penyelesaian Stacker Crane Problem dengan Algoritme Largearcs dan Smallarcs
Abstrak: In graph theory, the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) aims to determine the shortest route with minimum cost, in which only certain edges or arcs are necessarily traversed. One type of RPP is Stacker Crane Problem (SCP) which deals with a mixed graph but only arcs are necessarily traversed. SCP can be solved by using two heuristic algorithms, i.e. Largearcs and Smallarcs algorithms, which include other algorithms in their steps, such as: Dijkstra algorithm to determine shortest route, Hungaria method to determine minimum bipartite matching, Prim algorithm to determine minimum spanning tree, and van Aardenne-Ehrenfest & de-Bruijn algorithm and Fleury algorithm to determine Euler circuits. The shortest Euler circuit resulted from two heuristic algorithms can be used to find a solution of SCP. The application of SCP is illustrated in establishing the minimum distance route of catering delivery.
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