Judul: Kualitas Fisik dan Kimiawi Silase Tanaman Sorgum Manis (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) Umur 70 Hari dengan Penambahan Aditif
Abstrak: This research was aimed to determine physical and chemical quality of sweet sorghum plant (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) silage at 70 d harvesting time with additive inclusion of 3% rice bran (w/w) and 3% fermented sorghum extract (v/w). Experimental design used completely randomized design with three treatments and 6 replicates. Treatments consisted of P0 (control), P1 (sweet sorghum plant silage with 3% rice bran), and P2 (sweet sorghum plant with 3% fermented sorghum extract). Measured parameters were quality of plant, physical and fermentation characteristics of silage. Results showed that physical characteristics of silage at 70 d harvesting time of plant was similar at different treatment. However, fermentation characteristics were better at with or without 3% fermented sorghum extract compared to 3% rice bran inclusion treatment
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Judul: Determination of Physiological Maturity of Sorghum Seeds (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) with Two Doses of NPK Fertilizer
Abstrak: Pemupukan dengan dosis yang tepat akan meningkatkan produksi dan mutu benih sorgum. Umur panen yang tepat juga dapat mempengaruhi mutu benih yang dihasilkan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan masak fisiologis benih sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) pada dua dosis pemupukan NPK. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Split Plot dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Petak utama adalah dosis pupuk NPK dan anak petak adalah tingkat kemasakan benih setelah antesis. Dosis pupuk pertama yang digunakan yaitu urea 150 kg ha-1 , SP-36 100 kg ha-1 , dan KCl 100 kg ha-1. Dosis pupuk kedua yang digunakan yaitu urea 225 kg ha-1, SP-36 175 kg ha-1, dan KCl 175 kg ha-1. Tingkat kemasakan yang digunakan yaitu 25, 30, 35, 40 hari setelah antesis (HSA). Perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga diperoleh 24 satuan percobaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh faktor tingkat kemasakan menunjukkan hasil yang berpengaruh sangat nyata pada tolok ukur kadar air, bobot 1000 butir, laju pertumbuhan kecambah, sedangkan kecepatan tumbuh benih mendapatkan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata. Pengaruh interaksi dosis pupuk NPK dan tingkat kemasakan benih sangat nyata terhadap pada tolok ukur bobot kering kecambah normal. Masak fisiologis benih sorgum diperoleh pada 35 hari setelah antesis dengan dosis pupuk urea 150 kg ha-1, SP-36 100 kg ha-1, dan KCl 100 kg ha-1 ., The fertilizer with the right doses will improve the results of production and quality of the sorgum seed. The physiological maturity characterized by a quality seed that has reached the maximum seed dry weight, viability and vigor. The aim of research is to determine the physiological maturity of the seed sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) at two doses of NPK fertilizer. The experiment was arranged in Split Plot Design with Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The main plot is dose of fertilizer and the sub plot is the level of maturity. The first dose is 15 kg ha-1 of urea, 100 kg ha-1 of SP-36, and 100 kg ha-1 of KCl. The second dose is 225 kg ha-1 of urea, 175 kg ha-1 of SP-36, and 175 kg ha-1 of KCl. The maturity level will harvest at 25, 30, 35, 40 days after anthesis (DAS). The treatment was repeated three times to obtain 24 experimental units. The results showed that the influence of the maturity level had a highly significant effect on the moisture content, 1000 grain weight, growth rate, had a significant effect to speed of germination. The interaction effect of NPK fertilizer dose and seed maturity level showed results had a highly significant effect to the standard dry weight of normal seedling. The physiological maturity of sorghum seeds is harvest at maturity level of 35 DSA with a doses of 150 kg ha-1 of urea, 100 kg ha-1 of SP-36, 100 kg ha-1 of KCl.
Keyword: fertilizer, level of maturity, production, seed quality, sorgum

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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