Judul: Design of Machine for Lifting Palm Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches to Truck by Utilizing the Weight of the Truck
Abstrak: Proses pengangkatan tandan buah segar kelapa sawit ke truk memiliki potensi kelelahan dan kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi. Bobot dari truk pengangkut memiliki energi potensial yang besar, sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk mengangkat tandan ke bak truk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang mesin pengangkat tandan buah segar kelapa sawit ke truk dengan memanfaatkan bobot truk. Perancangan ini dilakukan sebagai bentuk alternatif dengan mengaplikasikan prinsip karakuri. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan prototyping fase awal, yaitu untuk mengetahui kelayakan konsep serta prinsip-prinsip dasar yang berlaku pada rancangan di lapangan. Pendekatan analisis yang dilakukan melibatkan kinematika, dinamika, kekuatan bahan, transmisi (hidrolik), serta analisis elemen hingga. Hasil konsep yang dipilih adalah berbasis hidrolik dengan mekanisme scissor lift dan pijakan truk. Berdasarkan analisis dan pengujian lapang, mesin dapat mengangkat tandan dari ketinggian 85 cm hingga 2,42 m dengan proses dumping yang mengandalkan sudut curah tandan sebesar 20 derajat. Usaha tersebut diraih melalui pemanfaatan bobot truk jenis 2 axle. Pada kondisi muatan truk kosong, mesin dapat mengangkat sebanyak 93 kg tandan. Secara teoritis, mesin dapat mengangkat sebanyak 400 kg saat muatan truk 55% penuh (3278 kg). Kapasitas angkat maksimal yang direncanakan adalah 500 kg, yaitu untuk 400 kg tandan dan 100 kg sistem pengangkat., Lifting palm oil’s fresh fruit bunches to trucks has a high potential for fatigue and work accidents. Transport truck has a large potential energy, that can be used to lift bunches into the truck. The purpose of this research is to design fresh fruit bunches lifting machine by utilizing the truck-weight. This design initiated as an alternative form with karakuri principle application. The research carried out as the prototypings initial phase, to knowing the concept feasibility and basic principles that apply to designs in the field. Analytical approach involved kinematics, dynamics, material strength, (hydraulic) transmission, and finite element analysis. Hydraulic-based concept was choosen with scissor lift mechanism and truck footing. Based on analysis and field testing, the machine can lift bunches from a height of 85 cm to 2,42 m by dumping process which relies on a 20 degree angle. This was achieved through the utilization of truck-weight with 2 axle type. An empty truck load condition can lifted 93 kg bunches. Theoretically, the machine can lift up to 400 kg when the truck is 55% full (3278 kg). The planned maximum lifting capacity is 500 kg, which’s for 400 kg of bunches and 100 kg of lifting system.
Keyword: alat pengangkat, bobot truk, energi potensial, karakuri, tandan buah segar, fresh fruit bunches, lifting machine, potential energy, truck weight

Judul: Manufacturing and Performance Testing of Machines for Lifting Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches (FFB) to Trucks
Abstrak: Manufaktur merupakan proses yang mengubah bahan dasar menjadi sebuah produk. Tahapan yang dilalui sebelum menjadi produk meliputi desain produk, pemilihan material dan proses pembuatan. Proses manufaktur ini digunakan dalam membuat alat dan mesin pertanian untuk mewujudkan mekanisasi pertanian, salah satunya adalah pada proses pengangkatan tandan buah segar ke truk. Pengangkatan tandan buah segar ke truk saat ini dilakukan secara manual menggunakan tojok. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan kelelahan otot pada pekerja dan tidak jarang mengalami cedera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan manufaktur dan uji kinerja pada mesin tandan buah segar ke truk untuk memudahkan para pekerja dalam proses pengangangkatan TBS ke truk khususnya petani rakyat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode identifikasi gambar Teknik, pembuatan bill of material, pengadaan bahan, proses produksi, uji fungsional dan uji kinerja. Berdasarkan pengujian kinerja, waktu satu kali siklus putaran rata-rata 10,26 detik, waktu TBS ke truk 4, 79 detik dan waktu TBS ke truk 2,09 detik. Mesin ini mampu mengangkat TBS dengan berat 25 kg dalam satu kali siklus putaran elevator, dengan kemampuan tersebut mesin ini mampu mengangkat TBS dengan total berat 8,7 ton/ jam., Manufacturing is a process that turns raw materials into a product. The stages that go through before becoming a product include product design, material selection and the manufacturing process. This manufacturing process is used in making agricultural tools and machinery to realize agricultural mechanization, one of which is in the process of lifting fresh fruit bunches to trucks. The lifting of fresh fruit bunches to trucks is currently done manually using a pickaxe. This results in muscle fatigue in workers and it is not uncommon to experience injuries. This study aims to carry out manufacturing and performance tests on fresh fruit bunches to trucks to make it easier for workers in the process of lifting FFB to trucks, especially smallholder farmers. This study uses the method of image identification technique, manufacture bill of material, procurement of materials, production processes, functional tests and performance tests. Based on performance testing, the average time for one round cycle is 10.26 seconds, the FFB time to trucks is 4.79 seconds and the FFB time to trucks is 2.09 seconds. This machine is capable of lifting FFB weighing 25 kg in one rotation cycle elevator, with this capability, this machine is able to lift FFB with a total weight of 8.7 tons/hour.
Keyword: Palm Oil, Manufacturing, Fresh Fruit Bunches, Performance tests

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity