Judul: Immune response of chickens against inactivated avian  influenza  vaccine  h5n1  monovalen  (clade 2.3.2)  and  bivalen  ( clade 2.3.2  and  2.1.3)
Abstrak: Virus Avian Influenza (AI) H5N1 clade2.3.2 terdeteksi di Indonesia pada tahun 2012. Kementerian Pertanian Indonesia mengeluarkan kebijakan pembuatan vaksin monovalen (AI H5N1 clade2.3.2) dan bivalen (AI H5N1 clade2.3.2 dan 2.1.3) untuk mengurangi kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh virus AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 dan AI H5N1 clade 2.1.3 pada unggas (ayam dan itik). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur respon kebal ayam petelur yang divaksinasi AI H5N1 inaktif monovalen dan bivalen. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam petelur sebanyak 135 ekor yang dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Masing-masing kelompok sebanyak 45 ekor. Vaksinasi dilakukan pada hari ke-10 dan 31. Koleksi serum ayam petelur dilakukan sebanyak 6 kali (hari ke-17, 28, 31, 38, 45 dan 52). Hasil pengukuran titer antibodi menggunakan uji Hambatan Aglutinasi (HI) memperlihatkan pemberian vaksin monovalen mampu memberikan perlindungan terhadap antigen AI H5N1 clade2.3.2 sampai level protektif dan pemberian vaksin bivalen mampu menginduksi pembentukan antibodi terhadap antigen AI H5N1 clade2.3.2 dan AI H5N1 clade2.1.3 sampai level protektif., Avian Influenza (AI) virus H5N1 clade2.3.2 was detected in Indonesia in 2012. The Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture issued policy of making monovalent and bivalent vaccines to minimize losses caused by AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 and clade 2.1.3 in poultry (chickens and ducks). This research aimed to measure the immune response of chickens which were vaccinated monovalent vaccine (AIH5N1 clade 2.3.2) and bivalent vaccine (AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2 and 2.1.3). This research conducted by dividing 135 chickens into 3 groups and each group contained 45 chickens. Vaccination was performed on day 10 and 31. Serum collection was done as many as 6 times (on day 17, 28, 31, 38, 45 and 52). Antibody titer was measured using Haemaglution Inhibition (HI) test. HI titer of monovalent vaccine showed protective level when measured using antigent AI H5N1 clade 2.3.2. Bivalent vaccine was able to induce protective levels of antibody against antigent AI H5N1 clade2.3.2 and 2.1.3.
Keyword: Avian Influenza, bivalen, monovalen, vaksin

Judul: Keragaman Respon Kekebalan Ayam Di Enam Provinsi Di Indonesia Yang Di Vaksin Avian Influenza Subtipe H5N1 Clade 2.1.3 Dan/Atau Clade 2.3.2.
Abstrak: Penyakit Avian Influenza (AI) merupakan salah satu penyakit hewan strategis yang masih menjadi prioritas dalam pengendaliannya oleh pemerintah Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis respon imunitas yang terbentuk dari penggunaan berbagai jenis vaksin AI subtipe H5N1 di Indonesia, korelasi faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi respon antibodi AI pascavaksinasi. Sampel serum merupakan sampel arsip pengkajian AI pada tahun 2020 dari Balai Besar Pengujian Mutu dan Sertifikasi Obat Hewan (BBPMSOH) sebanyak 600 serum. Terdapat enam jenis vaksin AI yang digunakan, semuanya merupakan vaksin inaktif beradjuvan. Data terkait jenis vaksin, umur ayam saat pengambilan sampel, interval waktu pengambilan sampel dengan vaksinasi terakhir dan jumlah vaksinasi diperoleh melalui kuesioner. Sampel serum diuji menggunakan uji hemaglutinasi inhibisi (HI) dengan antigen AI standar subtipe H5N1 strain A/Chicken/Barru/BBVM/41-13/2013 (clade 2.1.3) dan strain A/Chicken/Semarang/04141225-07/2014 (clade 2.3.2). Rataan titer antibodi disajikan dalam Geometric Mean Titer (GMT). Korelasi antara rataan titer antibodi dengan faktor umur, interval waktu pengambilan sampel dengan vaksinasi terakhir dan jumlah vaksinasi dianalisis menggunakan metode correlation analysis dengan R software Analisis versi 4.1.2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rataan titer antibodi terhadap antigen AI subtipe H5N1 strain A/Chicken/Barru/BBVM/41 -13/2013 (clade 2.1.3) tertinggi ditemukan pada sampel yang berasal dari Provinsi Sumatera Selatan yaitu Kota Palembang sebesar 26,42 HIU yang divaksin menggunakan vaksin A. Rataan titer terhadap antigen AI subtipe H5N1 strain A/Chicken/Semarang/04141225-07/2014 (clade 2.3.2) tertinggi adalah sampel dari Provinsi Sumatera Selatan Kabupaten Banyuasin sebesar 25,26 HIU yang divaksin menggunakan vaksin E. Penelitian ini menunjukan korelasi yang kuat (p-value<0,05) antara titer antibodi dengan waktu antara interval vaksinasi terakhir dan pengambilan sampel. Tingkat homologi antara virus AI subtipe H5N1 clade 2.1.3 terhadap virus AI clade 2.3.2 sebesar 88% sampai dengan 93%. Kata kunci: Avian Influenza, H5N1 clade 2.1.3, H5N1 clade 2.3.2, uji hemaglutinasi, Avian Influenza (AI) is one of the strategic animal diseases that is still a priority for control by the Indonesian government. This study aims to analyze the immune response induce by various types of AI vaccines of the H5N1 subtype in Indonesia, the correlation of factors that affect the post-vaccination AI antibody response. As many as 600 serums of the serum sample is an AI study archive sample in 2020 from Balai Besar Pengujian Mutu dan Sertifikasi Obat Hewan (BBPMSOH). There are six types of AI vaccines used, all of which are adjuvant inactivated vaccines. Data related to the type of vaccine, the age of the chickens at the time of sampling, the time interval for sampling with the last vaccination and the number of vaccinations were obtained through a questionaire. Serum samples were tested using the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test with the standard AI antigen subtype H5N1 strain A/Chicken/Barru/BBVM/41-13/2013 (clade 2.1.3) and strain A/Chicken/Semarang/04141225-07/2014 (clade 2.3.2). Antibody titer is expressed in Geometric Mean Titer (GMT). The correlation between antibody titer and the age , the time interval for sampling with the last vaccination and the number of vaccinations were analyzed using the correlation analysis with the R software analysis version 4.1.2. The results showed that the highest antibody titer against AI antigen subtype H5N1 strain A/Chicken/Barru/BBVM/41-13/2013 (clade 2.1.3) was found in samples from the Province of South Sumatra, namely Palembang
Keyword: Avian Influenza, H5N1 clade 2.1.3, H5N1 clade 2.3.2, Uji hemaglutinasi

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology