Judul: Uji Aktivitas Anti Bakteri secara In Vitro dan Gambaran Darah Ayam akibat Ekstrak Etanol Daun dan Buah Mahkota Dewa
Abstrak: One of bacterial pathogen that frequently attacks the birds is Salmonella enteritidis. Chicken as one of the world protein sources frequently reported infected by Salmonella enteritidis. Losses caused by the disease which caused by Salmonella enteritidis is large enough, because the infected chickens will decrease its productivity of eggs and meat. Therefore, it requires serious attention in this case. Indonesia is a country rich with herbal medicine, among which are Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. Several previous studies have shown that the plant has several pharmacological effects, as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and immunostimulant. Antibacterial activity in vitro and hematology profile of chickens due to giving ethanol extract of leaves and fruits of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl have never been tested on chickens. This study aims to (1) determine antibacterial activity of leaves ethanol extract and fruits ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl against Salmonella enteritidis in vitro, (2) determine hematology profile of chickens due to giving leaves ethanol extract and fruits ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. The study design completely randomized design consisting of 8 treatments. Each treatment consisted of 5 replications. Antibacterial treatment on testing those are, (1) leaf ethanol extract with concentration 100% + S. enteritidis, (2) leaf ethanol extract with concentration 50% + S. enteritidis, (3) leaf ethanol extract with concentration 25% + S. enteritidis, (4 ) fruit ethanol extract with concentration 100% + S. enteritidis, (5) fruit ethanol extract with concentration 50% + S. enteritidis, (6) fruit ethanol extract with concentration 25% + S. enteritidis, (7) Tetracycline + S. enteritidis (control positive), (8) aquadest + S. enteritidis (negative control). In vitro antibacterial activity test performed by Kirby-Bauer method. The parameters observed were inhibition zone, is clear zone formed around the disc. To determine hematology profile of chickens due to giving leaves ethanol extract and fruits ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl, the chickens treated with leaves ethanol extract and fruits ethanol extract at various doses were 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg for 7 days. The chickens given 20 mg of Echinacea purpurea extract (positive control), and without given extracts (negative control). Hematology profile was known through examination of total leukocytes and differential leukocytes before and after being given leaves and fruits ethanol extract of Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl. Results showed that there was an effect (P<0.05) concentration of extract againts inhibition zone. Higher concentration produced greater inhibition zone. Based on LSD test, it found that there was significant differences (P <0.05) between the inhibition zone produced by tetracycline and leaves ethanol extract at all concentrations compared with aquadest. While the fruit ethanol extract reveal a significant differences (P <0.05) between the inhibition zone produced at 100% of concentration with 50%, 25% of concentration and aquadest. Student's t-test results showed that there was a significant inhibition zone difference (P <0.05) between the leaves ethanol extract and fruits ethanol extract. Leaves ethanol extract had antibacterial activity higher than fruits extract. Result of hematology test showed that leaves extract with 0.25 mg and fruits extract with 0.25, 0.5 and 1 mg of doses could increase total of leukocytes
Keyword: antibacterial activity, hematology profile, leaves, fruits, Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl

Judul: In Vitro Antibacterial Activity of Coriander Seed (Coriandrum sativum) Extract against Escherichia coli Isolate from Chicken.
Abstrak: Escherichia coli merupakan bakteri gram negatif. Bakteri ini adalah flora normal pada manusia dan hewan. Namun, beberapa kondisi seperti pertumbuhan bakteri yang berlebihan dapat menyebabkan penyakit yang sangat serius. Ketumbar (Coriandrum sativum) merupakan tanaman yang terdapat di Indonesia dan umumnya dipakai sebagai bumbu masakan. Namun ketumbar juga dapat digunakan dalam pengobatan alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak ketumbar secara in vitro terhadap isolat E. coli dari ayam. Ekstraksi ketumbar menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%, dan uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi sumur agar dengan konsentrasi 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, dan 10%. Hasil penelitian ini ekstrak ketumbar tidak menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap isolasi E. coli dari ayam. Hasil ini diduga karena kandungan bahan aktif ekstrak biji ketumbar tidak mencukupi, ekstrak biji ketumbar memiliki daya difusi yang kurang baik, bahan aktif biji ketumbar yang tidak larut dengan sempurna, dan resistensi E. coli., Escherichia coli is a gram negative bacterium which is a normal flora in humans and animals. However, some conditions such as bacterial overgrowth can lead to very serious illnesses. Coriander (Coriandrum sativum) is a plant found in Indonesia and is generally used as a cooking spice. However coriander can also be used as an alternative medicine. This study aimed to determine the antibacterial activity of coriander extract in vitro against E. coli isolates from chickens. Coriander extraction used maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, and antibacterial test was carried out by agar-well diffusion method with concentrations of 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, 20%, and 10%. The result of this study coriander extract did not show antibacterial activity against the isolation of E. coli from chicken. This result was presumed because the active ingredient of the coriander seed extract was insufficient, coriander seed extract had poor diffusion power, the active ingredient of coriander seed did not dissolve completely, and E. coli resistance.
Keyword: antibacterial, Escherichia coli, coriander

Judul: Rantai Markov Pada Bilangan Biner
Abstrak: Ranlai Markov {Xn} yang didefinisikan pada ruang peluang (n, P, P) dilllana n = (O,I],dan 'Fadalah cr-lapangan Borel, lllelllpunyai ekspansi biner X n = 0, dl(n) din).. n = I, 2, ... Mengkonstruksi rantai Markov ini diawali dengan memilih sembarang bilangan ..Y o di (0,1], nyatakan bilangan Xo dalam ekspansi biner Xo =0, diD) diD) ... d~O) ... dimana { d~O) ,n = 1,2, ... } adalah barisan nol dan satu. Peubah acak XI ditentukan oleh .Xo dan asumsi berikut.
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