Judul: Design and Performance of Trash Gathering-conveying Unit of Sugarcane Trash Chopping Machine
Abstrak: A machine for gathering and chopping the piles of sugarcane trash on the field after harvesting is being designed. As a part of the machine, a gathering-conveying unit was designed. Important data including condition and characteristics of leaves piles were collected and used for designing the unit. The average bulk density of trash on the field was 7.71 kg/m3, the average pressure to compress the piles from 40 cm to 30 cm thickness was 50.65 N/m2, and the pressure to compress the trash from 27 cm to 8 cm thickness was 1166.60 N/m2. The unit was consisted of a gathering reel, a pair of conveyors, cover-frame and power transmission components. The prototype was tested to measure its working performance and its power requirement of each component. Raking level was varied into 6 levels (raking index: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6), and conveying level was varied into 3 levels (conveying index: 1, 1.14 and 1.20) for the experiment. Sugarcane trash having 8 kg/m3 Keywords: sugarcane trash, gathering reel, conveyors, power, performance. in bulk density and 40 cm in height was used and feed to the unit at feeding velocity of 0.3 m/s, for the experiments. The experimental result showed that the gathering reel and the conveyors could work properly. The working capacity of the unit was 1964.76-2101.25 kg/hour. Average rotating power of the reel was 18 Watt, and average rotating power of the conveyor was 98 Watt. After processing 8 kg trash, there was around 1.5-3.7% of trash trapped on the reel, and around 3.13-9.20% of trash trapped on the conveyor.
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Judul: Desain dan kinerja unit pemotongan serasah tebu dengan menggunakan pisau tipe reel
Abstrak: The problem of sugarcane trash after harvesting is experienced by the world's sugarcane plantations, including those in Indonesia. Large amount of sugarcane trash left in the field makes difficulties in soil management and plant maintenance. Current practice done by the sugarcane plantations was “burning before soil tillage”. However, the practice of burning cause unwanted impact to the environment and human health. Meanwhile, sugarcane trash still rich of nutrients for the land. Widely studied and has been proven that many sugarcane trash is very useful to increase the soil fertility. The trash size is still long so that it should be reduced to improve composting process. A prototype of reel type trash chopper has been designed and constructed with dimensions of 240 cm width, 268 cm length, and 133 cm height. The prototype was tested on 4 levels of reel rotational speeds (400, 450, 500, and 550 rpm) and 4 levels of trash densities (8, 16, 24, and 32 kg/m3). During the tests, cutting torque and rotational speed of the reel were measured using a torque-meter and a digital tachometer. The output of trash chopping were measured to know the quality of the chopping procces. The prototype chopped up sugarcane trash of about 1.7 - 3.2 cm length, with chopping capacity of 398 kg/hour. Results of the tests showed that cutting torque was in the range of 1.75 to 4.03 kg.m with the average of 2.88 kg.m, and average cutting power was 1.87 hp. Higher trash density caused a higher cutting torque and cutting power, while higher rotational speed caused a lower cutting torque and a higher cutting power. The highest cutting torque was 4.03 kg.m, when chopped sugarcane trash of 32 kg/m3 in trash density on 400 rotational speed. Increasing the rotational speed caused a shorter trash size.
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Judul: Daya Tahan IgY Spesifik Terhadap Influenza dan COVID-19 dalam Balsam Bibir
Abstrak: Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 virus are respiratory infections and require antiviral medications due to severe consequences. Utilization of specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) inserted in personal care products were developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate durability of specific IgY against influenza and COVID-19 in lipbalm. The concentration of IgY used in this research was 0.1% and 0.25%. Three groups were observed: control (C) lipbalm without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) lipbalm with 0.1% IgY and treatment 2 (T2) lipbalm with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic tests were conducted and recorded which includes the sense of smell, colour and consistency for six weeks. The presence of IgY in lipbalm was evaluated using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) and neutralizationassay. There were some noticeable changes of organoleptic that can be observed such as colour darkened and texture hardened of the lipbalm. Most of the assays gave negative results in T1 and T2, whilst only few of them were doubtful. Our result indicated that IgY concentration of 0.1% or 0.25% in lipbalm were not optimal. However, the negative result might be due to the unavailability of IgY in the product to be dissolved in deionized water since we used beeswax as lipbalm component.
Keyword: Covid-19, egg yolk immunoglobulin Y, lipbalm, influenza