Judul: Coral Reef Health Condition based on Herbivorous Fish Density in Pulau Tiga Subdistrict, Natuna District
Abstrak: The research was conducted in Pulau Tiga Subdistrict, Natuna District, Riau islands Province from April to August 2009. Pulau Tiga is an area dominated by a sea area with marine resource potential, particularly coral reefs. Around the area of coral reefs, fishing activities have been carried out intensively by fishermen using explosives (bombs) and toxic (potassium). Consequently, aquatic ecosystems have been exploited, take time to make a natural recovery in order to maintain and restore the quality and quantity of available resources. Especially for coral reef ecosystem, one of the factors that influence the resilience rate is the availability of hard substrate in a bottom waters as a settlement for coral larvae. Herbivorous animal has a major influence in determining the rate of coral reef animal larval settlement on a substrate because it can prevent the occurrence of a macro-algae excessive closure of hard substrate. This study was aimed to know the relationship between the conditions of the abundance of herbivorous fish with coral reef recovery rate. The methods used were the square transect for determining the condition of coral reefs, growth of juvenile corals and algae cover (DCA), whereas for the determination of herbivorous fish community structure using modification of Line Intercept Transect (LIT), Quadrat Method (QM) and Underwater Fish Visual Census (UVC). The analysis used was standard ecological analysis, correlation test, linier regression and multivariate analysis to find the relationship between the abundance of herbivorous fish, algae (DCA) and coral reefs. The results showed that coral reefs ecosystem in the area are still in good condition with live coral cover average of 63.17%, and shown an indication of an increase in the percentage of coral cover which previously <25%. The result of multivariate analysis can be stated that the higher the abundance of herbivorous fish, then live coral cover and growth of juvenile corals increasing, and decreasing algae cover on coral reef ecosystems. The results of correlation test, multivariate analysis and linear regression (t-Student test), show that from 24 species of herbivorous fish recorded then obtained three species of herbivorous fish that play a role in herbivory in stabilizing coral reefs ecosystem in Pulau Tiga Subdistrict, they are Chlorurus microrhinos, Scarus rivulatus and Siganus doliatus.
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Judul: Correlation Between Abundance of Herbivorous Reef Fish And Benthic Cover Condition in Tunda Island
Abstrak: Pulau Tunda termasuk dalam wilayah Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten dan memiliki potensi ekosistem terumbu karang seperti ikan karang, sebagai penjaga keseimbangan ekosistem ekologis dan estetika lingkungan bawah air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelimpahan ikan karang herbivora di berbagai lokasi pengamatan dan hubungannya dengan komposisi komunitas bentik di Pulau Tunda. Metode pengamatan yang digunakan adalah Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) untuk komunitas bentik dan Underwater Visual Census (UVC) untuk komunitas ikan. Secara umum kondisi terumbu karang Pulau Tunda termasuk kategori sedang, dengan kekayaan jenis ikan 9 spesies dari 2 famili. Lima kategori bentik yang ditemukan dengan tutupan tertinggi oleh abiotik (44,06%-68,38%). Ada 14 lifeform karang keras dengan tutupan tertinggi pada coral massive (16,63%-39,23%). Kelimpahan ikan karang herbivora adalah 47 individu dari famili Scaridae dan Acanthuridae. Berdasarkan perilaku makan, ada kelompok ikan herbivora terbagi menjadi scrapers (66%) dan grazers (34%). Hasil analisis korespondensi menghubungkan grazers dengan Acropora Submassive (ACS), sedangkan scrapers dengan Acropora Tabulate (ACT) dan Dead Coral with Algae (DCA)., Tunda Island is part of the Serang District, Banten Province and has the potential in reef ecosystem such as reef fish, as a keeper of the ecological ecosystems balance and an underwater aesthetic. The purpose of this study is to analyze the abundance of herbivorous coral at various observation sites and its relationship with the bentic community on Tunda Island. The methods used are Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) for the benthic community and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) for fish communities. In general, coral reef conditions in Tunda Island categorized as moderate, with reef fish diversity of 9 species from 2 famili. Five categories of reefs were found with the highest percentage coverage owned by abiotic (44,06%-68,3866%). A total of 14 lifeforms of hard coral growth were found with the highest percentage coverage by massive corals (16,63%-39,23%). The study found 47 herbivorous reef fish, mainly scrapers (66%), and grazers (34%), belonging to the Scaridae and Acanthuridae families. This research highlighted grazers community corespondence to Acropora Submassive (ACS), while scrapers with Acropora Tabulate (ACT) and Dead Coral with Algae (DCA).
Keyword: Benthic Communities, Hard Coral, Herbivorous Reef Fish, Grouping

Judul: Sintesis 1-Kloro-2-metoksi-6-propilnaftalena-1,3-dioksolana (1:1) sebagai Prekursor Asam (S)-(+)-(6-Metoksi-2-naftil)propanoat
Abstrak: Senyawa 1-kloro-2-metoksi-6-propilnaftalena-1,3-dioksolana (1:1) sebagai prekursor asam (S)-(+)-(6-metoksi-2-naftil)propanoat disintesis dari bahan awal 2-metoksinaftalena. Tahapan sintesis diawali dengan klorinasi menggunakan 2 jenis pereaksi klorinasi, yakni isosianurat terklorinasi dan NaOCl. Klorinasi dengan isosianurat terklorinasi berhasil menyintesis 1-kloro-2-metoksinaftalena sebagai produk monoklorinasi melalui pencirian dengan kromatograf gas-spektrometer massa (GC-MS). Nisbah konversi produk paling efisien diperoleh pada laju penambahan 2.5 mmol/jam. Sebaliknya, klorinasi dengan NaOCl menghasilkan produk triklorinasi. 1-Kloro-2-metoksinaftalena selanjutnya diasilasi dengan propanoil klorida, tetapi analisis dengan GC menunjukkan bahwa produk asilasi tidak terbentuk. Sistem bebas-air diperlukan untuk keberhasilan proses asilasi tersebut.
Keyword: isosianurat terklorinasi, NaOCl, nisbah konversi