Judul: Profil Sensitivitas Bakteri Escherichia Coli Dan Klebsiella Pneumonia Berdasarkan Golongan Antibiotika
Abstrak: Escherichia coli dan Klebsiella pneumonia merupakan bakteri patogen yang mudah menyebabkan penyakit yang bersifat infeksius ke populasi ternak. Infeksi bakteri patogen tersebut pada ternak berhubungan dengan penggunaan antibiotika dalam pengobatan dan pencegahan terhadap infeksi bakteri. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji tingkat sensitivitas Escherichia coli dan Klebsiella pneumonia terhadap antibiotika cefepime, penisilin, tetasiklin dan eritromisin. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan uji difusi yang menggunakan bakteri isolat dari rectal swab. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dari 10 isolat Escherichia coli resisten terhadap penisilin dan 9 isolat Escherichia coli resisten terhadap eritromisin sementara itu, dari 10 isolat Klebsiella pneumonia masingmasing resisten terhadap penisilin dan eritromisin serta 6 isolat resisten terhadap tetrasiklin.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, sensitivitas, antibotika

Judul: Gambaran Resistensi Escherichia coli Isolat Asal Feses Sapi dari Wilayah Bogor terhadap Antibiotik.
Abstrak: Penggunaan antibiotik pada ternak dengan takaran yang tidak sesuai dapat memicu terjadinya resistensi antibiotik. Salah satu bakteri yang telah mengalami resisten terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik adalah Escherichia coli. E. coli seringkali dikaitkan sebagai agen primer maupun sekunder yang menyebabkan penyakit kolibasilosis pada hewan muda. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat resistensi E. coli yang diisolasi dari feses sapi perah terhadap antibiotik aztreonam, basitrasin, sefpodoksim, enrofloksasin, fosfomisin, gentamisin, dan kloramfenikol. Resistensi antibiotik diuji berdasarkan metode Kirby Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa E. coli telah mengalami resisten terhadap antibiotik basitrasin dengan presentase sebesar 100%, dan fosfomisin dengan presentase 20%. E. coli bersifat intermediet terhadap antibiotik fosfomisin sebesar 60%, gentamisin 40%, sefpodoksim 30% dan kloramfenikol 10%. Selain itu, E. coli juga bersifat sensitif terhadap antibiotik aztreonam dan enrofloksasin dengan presentase sebesar 100%, kloramfenikol 90%, sefpodoksim dan gentamisin dengan presentase sebesar 60%, dan fosfomisin 20%.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, sensitivitas, antibiotik

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite