Judul: Traction Performance of Lugged Track Model on Mud Soil in a Soil Bin
Abstrak: Traktor tangan roda bersirip mengalami kesulitan saat beroperasi di sawah berlumpur dalam. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini, roda perlu diganti dengan trek yang memiliki bidang kontak jauh lebih besar. Untuk keperluan desain, diperlukan data karakteristik kinerja traksi trek pada tanah berlumpur yang dapat diperoleh dengan menguji model trek di bak tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja traksi model trek bersirip pada tanah lumpur. Model trek dengan panjang 60 cm dan lebar 20 cm diuji di bak tanah yang berisi tanah berlumpur sedalam 30 cm. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap variasi beban vertikal 9.5, 12.5, 15.5, 18.5, dan 22.7 kg; beban horizontal 1, 2, 3, dan 4 kg; jarak antarsirip 12.70, 19.05, dan 25.40 cm; dan tinggi sirip 5, 10, dan 15 cm. Di setiap percobaan, parameter kinerja traksi akan diukur. Selama pengujian, dilakukan pengukuran terhadap ketenggelaman trek, slip trek, dan efisiensi traksi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa beban tarik dan beban vertikal memiliki pengaruh yang dominan terhadap ketenggelaman trek, slip trek, dan efisiensi traksi. Desain trek optimum saat trek menggunakan tinggi sirip 10 cm dan jarak antarsirip 19.05 cm dengan ketenggelaman trek 7.32 cm, slip trek 14.43% dan efisiensi traksi 68.46%. Pendugaan memiliki nilai kesalahan terendah 13.992% atau kebenaran 86.008% untuk ketenggelam trek., Hand tractors with lugged wheels have difficulty operating in the deep mud rice fields. To solve this problem, the wheels need to be replaced with tracks that have a much larger contact area. For design purposes, data on traction performance characteristics of the track on muddy soil are required, which can be obtained by testing the track model on a soil bin. The objective of this research is to analyze the traction performance of the lugged track model on mud soil. A track model with a length of 60 cm and a width of 20 cm will be tested in a soil bin filled with muddy soil with a depth of 30 cm. The test will be carried out on variations in vertical loads of 9.5, 12.5, 15.5, 18.5, and 22.7 kg; horizontal loads of 1, 2, 3, and 4 kg; distance between of lugs of 12.70, 19.05, and 25.40 cm; and height of lugs of 5, 10, and 15 cm. In each experiment, the traction performance parameters will be measured. During the test, track sinkage, track slip, and tractive efficiency were measured. The test results show that the pull force and vertical force have a dominant effect on track sinkage, track slip, and tractive efficiency. Optimum track design when the track wheel uses a lug height of 10 cm and a distance between lugs of 19.05 cm with a track sinkage of 7.32 cm, track slip of 14%, and tractive efficiency of 68.46%. Estimation has the lowest error value of 13.992% or accuracy value of 86.008% for track sinkage.
Keyword: Deep mud, Lugged track, Mud Soil, Soil bin, traction performance

Judul: Desain Perlengkapan Uji Kinerja Traksi pada Tanah Basah di Soil Bin
Abstrak: Sawah basah di Indonesia memiliki lapisan lumpur yang dalam. Traktor tangan dengan roda besi bersirip tidak mampu berkinerja baik di lahan sawah yang berlumpur dalam. Penggunaan trek sebagai pengganti roda besi bersirip diyakini dapat meningkatkan traksi roda. Namun belum ada desain trek khusus traktor roda dua yang digunakan di lahan sawah berlumpur dalam. Perancangan desain trek khusus itu memerlukan fitur roda trek yang sesuai dengan lahan sawah berlumpur dalam. Alat uji diperlukan untuk mendapatkan fitur roda trek dengan traksi paling efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat alat uji model roda trek di soil bin yang dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan fitur terbaik dari roda trek pada lahan sawah berlumpur dalam. Fokus utama dalam pembuatan alat uji ini untuk menguji efisiensi traksi dan ketenggelaman pada beberapa kondisi. Kondisi-kondisi tersebut adalah kombinasi dari jarak antar grouser, tinggi grouser, beban vertikal, dan beban horizontal. Efisiensi traksi bisa didapatkan dengan mengukur traksi bersih, torsi, kecepatan aktual trek, dan kecepatan teoritis trek. Kemudahan pengujian menjadi salah satu faktor penting dalam pembuatan alat uji model roda trek sehingga seluruh data pengujian harus dapat diambil secara langsung (real time). Sensor yang digunakan adalah ultrasonik, strain gauge, rotary potentiometer, dan loadcell yang terhubung dengan arduino UNO, arduino IDE, dan PLX-DAQ., Wet rice fields in Indonesia, have a deep layer of mud. Hand tractors with lug wheel do not perform well in deep muddy fields. The use of tracks instead of lug wheel is believed to increase wheel traction. However, there is no special track design for two-wheel tractors used in deep muddy rice fields. The design of the special track requires track wheel features that are suitable for deep muddy rice fields. Test equipment is required to obtain the track wheel features with the most efficient traction. This research aims to make a test tool for the track wheel model in the soil bin that can be used to get the best features of the track wheel on deep muddy rice field. The main focus in the manufacture of this test equipment is to test the efficiency of traction and sinkage under several conditions. These conditions are a combination of grouser distance, grouser height, vertical load, and horizontal load. Traction efficiency can be obtained by measuring net traction, torque, track actual speed, and track theoretical speed. The ease of testing is one of the important factors in making the track wheel model test equipment so that all test data must be taken in real time. The sensors used are ultrasonic, strain gauge, rotary potentiometer, and loadcell which are connected to Arduino UNO, Arduino IDE, and PLX-DAQ.
Keyword: model trek, soil bin, sensor, tanah basah lumpur dalam, deep mud wet soil, sensor, soil bin, track wheel model

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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