Judul: Inventarisasi Penelitian Silvikultur dan Pemanfaatan Pohon Kenanga (Cananga odorata) di Indonesia
Abstrak: Kenanga (Cananga odorata), khususnya kenanga Jawa (Cananga odorata forma macrophylla) dan ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata forma genuina) merupakan jenis pohon penghasil minyak atsiri. Minyak atsiri diperoleh dari hasil penyulingan bunganya. Tanaman kenanga belum begitu banyak dikenal di Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu informasi mengenai teknik silvikultur dan pemanfaatannya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai sebaran topik penelitian kenanga Jawa dan ylang-ylang di Indonesia serta mengetahui peluang pengembangan hutan tanaman kenanga di Indonesia didasarkan atas hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan yaitu melalui studi literatur. Sumber data didapat dari buku, jurnal, prosiding, skripsi dan tesis yang tersedia secara online. Berdasarkan hasil inventarisasi penelitian tentang pohon kenanga (C. odorata) di Indonesia, terdapat total 96 publikasi. Hasil tersebut terbagi kedalam beberapa aspek, yaitu aspek perbenihan, persemaian, penanaman, pemeliharan, pemanenan dan pengolahan bunga, minyak kenanga serta manfaat., Cananga, especially Java cananga (Cananga odorata forma macrophylla) and ylang-ylang (Cananga odorata forma genuina) are tree species that produce essential oils. Essential oils are obtained from the distillation of the flowers. Cananga tree are not yet widely known in Indonesia. Therefore, information on silvicultural techniques and their use is still limited. This study aims to obtain information on the distribution of research topics of cananga and ylang-ylang in Indonesia and to find out the opportunities for developing cananga plantations in Indonesia based on the results of research that has been carried out. The research method used is through a literature study. Sources of data are obtained from books, journals, proceedings and thesis which are available online. Based on the results of the research inventory on cananga (C. odorata) trees in Indonesia, there are a total of 96 publications. The results are divided into several aspects, namely aspects of seedling, nurseries, planting, maintenance, harvesting and processing flowers, ylang oil and benefit.
Keyword: Kenanga, Minyak atsiri, Ylang-ylang, cananga, essential oil, ylang-ylang

Judul: Pengaruh Perajangan Bunga Kenanga (Canangium odorotum Baill), Kepadatan dan Metode Penyulingan Terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Minyak Kenanga yang Dihasilkan
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the developing countries which have the potency to export cananga oil. About 50 tons cananga oil from Indonesia every year exported to Europe and American. Cananga oil Producer area in Indonesia for example regency Boyolali, Cirebon, Banten And Blitar. In this time in Indonesia the ordinary distillation method done some distillation generally by using water distillation and is previously done by slice. This research aim are to studying influence slice of the sliced cananga flower, distillation method and substance density. Others, to produce optimal yield and quality of cananga oil. The Experimental design were subjected to an analysis of variance for a completely random design 3x2x2 with duplo procedure. The treatment are the bulk density of cananga flower in the vessel (0.075 kg/L, 0.0875 kg/L dan 0.1 kg/L), the distillation method of cananga flower (water distillation, water and steam distillation), and sliced flower before distillation and without slice. This research done in 2 step, the first preliminary research consist of analysis water content (82%), cananga oil content (1.6 %) and look for the optimum condition from distillation of cananga oil. The second step is the main research were done distillation according to treatment which have been specified . Interaction of distillation method and slicing of cananga flower has influence in evaporation residu number and acid number. Interaction of distillation method, slice of cananga flower, and bulk density of flower has influenced to acid number. Factor of distillation didn’t influence to specific gravity and index of refraction. Factor of slicing of cananga flower didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, ester number and acid number. Factor of bulk density of flower didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction and optical rotation. Interaction of distillation method and slicing of cananga flower didn’t influence to yield, specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, and ester number. Interaction of distillation method and bulk density of flower and interaction of bulk density of flower and slicing of cananga didn’t influence to quality of the cananga oil. Interaction from three factor didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, ester number, evaporation residu number, and yield of cananga oil. Progressively the increasing of bulk density will tend to decrease yield, specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, and the ester number, but tend to increase value of evaporation residu and acid number. All cananga oil are yielded soluble in etanol 95% with ratio 1:1 to 1:10. Water and steam distillation yielded cananga oil with value more height than water distillation in yield, specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, and acid number. Flower with slicing yielded cananga oil with value more height than flower without slicing in specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, ester number and evaporation residu number. Based on the GCMS analysis showed that the component which implied in cananga oil consist of Linalool, Geranyl acetate, beta.-Caryophyllene, alpha.- Caryophyllene, Germacrene-D, alpha.-Bergamotene, delta.-Cadinene, Benzyl benzoate dan Cis-Farnesol amounted to 80.82 %, as for minor component amounted to 19.18% consist of monoterpen and benzena and part of Monoterpen O, seskuiterpen,
Keyword: 

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: