Judul: Effect of Compression Ratio on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Oriented Strand Board Made from Sengon Wood (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen)
Abstrak: Kayu berat jenis (BJ) rendah secara umum memiliki banyak kekurangan dibandingkan BJ sedang dan tinggi. Pembuatan Oriented Strand Board (OSB) menjadi salah satu solusi pemanfaatan kayu BJ rendah. Oriented Strand Board merupakan papan komposit dari susunan strand yang diorientasi tegak lurus antar lapisan dan direkatkan menggunakan perekat thermosetting eksterior. Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan baku kayu sengon. Rasio kompresi merupakan salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi kualitas OSB, sehingga perlu diketahui nilai rasio kompresi optimum OSB kayu sengon. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi karakteristik OSB kayu sengon pada berbagai rasio kompresi. Strand diberi perlakuan steam diberi tekanan 0,14 MPa selama satu jam. Oriented Strand Board dibuat dengan ukuran papan (30×30×0,9) cm3 dengan rasio kompresi 1,05; 1,18; 1,32; 1,45; dan 1,58 menggunakan perekat phenol formaldehyde 10%. Pengujian OSB mengacu pada standar JIS A 5908: 2003 tentang papan partikel dan nilainya dibandingkan dengan standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). Hasil menunjukkan rasio kompresi 1,58 memiliki karakteristik sifat fisis dan mekanis OSB kayu sengon paling baik diantara yang lain., Low specific gravity wood has many disadvantages compared to medium and high specific gravity wood. The manufacture Oriented Strand Board (OSB) is the solution to the utilization of low specific gravity wood. Oriented Strand Board is a composite board consisting of strands oriented perpendicularly between layers and glued with exterior thermosetting adhesive. This research uses sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcatria L. Nielsen) as raw material. Compression ratio is one of the factors that affect the OSB quality, so it is necessary to know the optimum value of compression ratio on OSB sengon wood. The objective of this study was to evaluate OSB characteristics of sengon wood at various compression ratios. Strands were treated with steam with 0,14 MPa pressure for one hour. Oriented Strand Board is made with a board size (30×30×0,9) cm3 with 1.05; 1.18; 1.32; 1.45; and 1.58 compression ratio using 10% phenol formaldehyde adhesive. The OSB test refers to the JIS A 5908: 2003 standard and its value is compared to the CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1) standard. The results show that the compression ratio of 1.58 has the best physical and mechanical characteristics of OSB among others.
Keyword: Kayu Sengon, Rasio Kompresi, Sengon Wood, Compression Ratio, Oriented Strand Board, OSB

Judul: Effect of Compression Ratio on Physical and Mechanical Properties of Oriented Strand Board African Wood (Maesopsis eminii Engl.) with Steamed Pre-Treatment
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh rasio kompresi OSB kayu afrika (Maesopsis eminii Engl.) pada tiga tingkat. Taraf rasio kompresi yang digunakan yaitu 1,05; 1,32; dan 1,58. Strand diberi perlakuan pendahuluan dengan dikukus pada suhu 126℃ dan tekanan 0,14 MPa selama 60 menit. Strand disusun secara tegak lurus inti menggunakan perekat phenol formaldehyde sebanyak 10% dari berat kering oven strand. Pengujian sifat fisis dan mekanis OSB mengacu pada standar JIS A 5908 : 2003 (JSA 2003) dan dibandingkan dengan standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan nilai rasio kompresi optimum untuk sifat fisis yaitu pada taraf 1,32, sedangkan untuk sifat mekanis yaitu pada taraf 1,58. Hasil pengujian telah memenuhi standar JIS A 5908 (2003) untuk nilai kadar air dan kerapatan, sedangkan nilai pegembangan tebal hanya pada taraf 1,32 yang memenuhi standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). Seluruh pengujian mekanis belum memenuhi standar CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). Seluruh hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata pada sifat fisis dan sifat mekanis papan OSB., This study aims to analyze the effect of the OSB compression ratio of African wood (Maesopsis eminii Engl.) at three levels. The level of compression ratio used is 1,05; 1,32; and 1,58. Strands were pretreated by steaming at a temperature of 126℃ and a pressure of 0,14 MPa for 60 minutes. Strands were arranged perpendicular to the core using phenol formaldehyde as much as 10% of the oven dry weight of the strand. Testing of physical and mechanical properties of OSB refers to standard JIS A 5908: 2003 (JSA 2003) and compared with standard CSA 0437.0 (Grade O-1). The test results show that the optimum compression ratio value for physical properties is at the level of 1,32, while for the mechanical properties it is at the level of 1,58. The test results have met the standard JIS A 5908 (2003) for the value of water content and density, while the thickness swelling value is only at the level of 1,32 which meets the CSA 0437.0 standard (Grade O-1). All mechanical tests have not met the CSA 0437.0 standard (Grade O-1). All research results show results that have a significant effect on the physical and mechanical properties of OSB boards.
Keyword: Compression Ratio, Oriented Strand Board, African Wood

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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