Judul: Evaluation of The National Action Plan for Mercury Reduction and Elimination’s  Achievement  in  The  Small-Scale  Gold  Mining  Sector
Abstrak: In Indonesia, gold processing using mercury is a complex phenomenon. In an effort to overcome this phenomenon, the Government of Indonesia has ratified the Minamata Convention on Mercury through Law NO 11 of 2017 and issued Presidential Regulation NO 21 of 2019 concerning the National Action Plan for Mercury Reduction and Elimination (RAN-PPM). The purpose of this study is to analyze the achievement of the RAN-PPM target and the inhibiting factors in pushing the RAN-PPM target. This study uses a quantitative-qualitative approach with an evaluative study and uses primary data obtained through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and in- depth interviews with relevant stakeholders and then processed using the MICMAC analysis tool (lipsor software), as well as secondary data obtained through the RAN- PPM, scientific articles, and news which are then scaled based on the Achievement of Goals Scale. These data were then analyzed by prospective analysis. The results showed that the RAN-PPM achievement target of 25% achieved much better results than expected, 25% achieved the expected results, and the other 50% achieved less than expectations. The inhibiting factors found in the implementation of RAN-PPM include law enforcement, interest relations, structural, social (perception), and economic. The relationship between the inhibiting with one another has a close and integrated relationship in a frame that represents political ecology. The ecological narratives and theories presented in this study suggest that the impact of local businesses on the environment is greater than universal because the nature of local businesses is often more difficult to deal with. This is a challenge for all relevant stakeholders in dealing with mercury in the small- scale gold mining sector.
Keyword: mercury, MICMAC, political ecology, small-scale gold mining

Judul: Valuasi Ekonomi Kegiatan Pertambangan Emas dan Persepsi Masyarakat Terhadap Dampak Sosial di Kecamatan Huta Bargot, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Mandailing Natal is one of the regencies in North Sumatra which is rich in natural resources. The natural resource which has been managed is gold mining. Huta Bargot is one of the sub-districts in the regency where there is Illegal Gold Mining (PETI). The existence of this illegal gold mining has socio-economic impact on the people involved in the mining activities either directly or indirectly, which can be positive or negative. This study aimed to analyze the economic impact through economic valuation with cost-benefit analysis, people’s perceptions of social changes due to the gold mining, and the form of community wisdom on the utilization of natural resources. This study used secondary data and primary data. The secondary data was obtained from written documents either in the form of scientific papers or official documents from the relevant authorities. The primary data was obtained from direct observation at the study site and through interviews (in-depth and structured). The determination of the respondents in the study used purposive sampling method, which was based on the research need appropriate to the research objectives. The respondents included 30 miners and 30 non-miners, with 9 key persons consisting of 3 religious leaders, 3 adat leaders and 3 village heads. The data analysis of economic valuation used Net Present Value (NPV) and Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) with a period of 20 years and an interest rate of 8%. The data analysis of the people’s perceptions used perception index. The data analysis of local wisdom was conducted descriptively. The cost analysis obtained from mining costs due to the forest degradation (as producer firewood, animals, medicinal plants, erosion-flood control) amounted to Rp. 1 966 086 740 per year. The cost of water resource reduction (water availability and fish production) was Rp 275,676,000 per year. The cost of ladang production decline was Rp. 530 596 800 per year. The cost of people’s health deterioration amounted to Rp. 19 936 000 per year. The benefit value derived from the increase in revenues was Rp. 128 679 996 per year. Based on the costbenefit analysis, the NPV obtained was Rp. -21 606 438 873 and the BCR was 0.055. The NPV indicated that the land conversion—from the forest land to the mine land—resulted in a loss of Rp. -21 606 438 873, so that the people’s gold mining was not feasible to continue. The BCR showed that every Rp 1 000 spent by the people only brought benefit to a group of people from mining activities amounting to Rp 55. Social changes had occurred in the form of increased crime, social jealousy and an increasingly consumptive community.There was a perception gap between miners and non-miners on the social impacts in terms of increased crime, social jealousy, an increasingly consumptive community, and those who should rehabilitate the post-mining land. The people were concerned about the impacts which would continue to increase due to the absence of land rehabilitation. According to the local wisdom in Bargot Huta, people should utilize the natural resources wisely and they must have the awareness of maintaining the quantity and quality
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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