Judul: Tropospheric Ozone Formation a Systematic Literature Review
Abstrak: Ozon permukaan merupakan merupakan salah satu polutan udara yang memiliki dampak buruk terhadap vegetasi dan kesehatan manusia serta berperan sebagai gas rumah kaca. Keberadaan ozon permukaan berasal dari rangkaian proses fotolisis ozon stratosfer dan juga reaksi kimia dengan polutan lain di troposfer. Pembentukan ozon permukaan dipengaruhi oleh faktor meteorologi terutama insolasi matahari dan konsentrasi prekursornya antara lain NOx, HOx, dan VOCs. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membahas secara komprehensif proses pembentukan ozon permukaan meliputi faktor meteorologi yang mempengaruhi pembentukan ozon permukaan, peran prekursor terhadap reaksi kimia pembentukan ozon, dan perilaku ozon permukaan secara diurnal terutama dalam fenomena peningkatan konsentrasi ozon di malam hari dan dampaknya terhadap proses kimia atmosfer. Metode berbasis tinjauan pustaka sistematis (systematic literature review) digunakan untuk mengumpulkan informasi dari literatur-literatur terkait. PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) dan PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) digunakan untuk menentukan kata kunci pencarian dan ekstraksi informasi. Faktor meteorologi terutama insolasi matahari berperan dalam keberlangsungan reaksi pembentukan ozon permukaan, mekanisme reaksi kimia pembentukan ozon dipengaruhi oleh gas-gas prekursor diantaranya HOx, NOx, dan VOC. Ketika insolasi matahari minimum seharusnya terjadi penurunan konsentrasi ozon, namun pada beberapa kasus terjadi peningkatan konsentrasi ozon yang disebut Nocturnal Ozone Enchanchement (NOE). Fenomena peningkatan konsentrasi ozon di malam hari disebabkan oleh faktor utama peningkatan proses vertical mixing dan long range transport., Surface ozone (O3) is one of the air pollutants that has a negative impact on vegetation and human health and acts as a greenhouse gas. Surface ozone comes from a series of stratospheric ozone photolysis processes and chemical reactions with other pollutants in the troposphere. The formation of surface ozone is influenced by meteorological factors, especially solar radiation and the precursors which include NOx, HOx, and VOCs. This study aims to comprehensively discuss the process of surface ozone formation including meteorological factors affecting surface ozone formation, the role of precursors to ozone formation chemical reactions, and the diurnal behavior of surface ozone especially in the phenomenon of increasing ozone concentrations at night and its impact on atmospheric chemical processes. The systematic literature review based method is used to collect information from related literature. PICO (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) and PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis) are used to determine search keywords and information extraction. Meteorological factors, especially solar insolation play a role in the continuity of the surface ozone formation reaction. The chemical reaction mechanism for ozone formation is influenced by precursor gases including HOx, NOx, and VOC. When minimum solar insolation there should be a decrease in ozone concentration, but in some cases there is an increase in ozone concentration which is called Nocturnal Ozone Enhancement (NOE). The phenomenon of increasing ozone concentration at night is caused by the main factor of increasing vertical mixing and long range transport processes.
Keyword: nocturnal ozone, ozone formation, ozone precursors, surface ozone

Judul: Analisis Spasial Persebaran Ozon Troposfer di Pulau Jawa bagian Barat
Abstrak: Ozon di atmosfer dibagi menjadi dua lapisan, yaitu ozon stratosfer dan ozon troposfer. Ozon di lapisan stratosfer melindungi bumi dari sinar ultraviolet matahari, sedangkan ozon di lapisan troposfer merupakan polutan yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan makhluk hidup. Ozon troposfer terbentuk melalui serangkaian reaksi fotokimia yang kompleks yang dibantu oleh radiasi ultraviolet dan prekursor ozon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sebaran ozon troposfer di Pulau Jawa bagian Barat secara spasial dan pengaruh NO2 dan radiasi matahari terhadap konsentrasi ozon troposfer selama tahun 2023. Variasi konsentrasi ozon troposfer dapat dianalisis dengan menggunakan metode penginderaan jauh. Salah satunya menggunakan satelit Sentinel-5P yang merupakan program pengendalian pencemaran udara dari Copernicus. Konsentrasi ozon troposfer terendah teramati pada bulan Januari dan Februari, sedangkan konsentrasi tertinggi terjadi pada bulan Oktober dan November. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh faktor meteorologi seperti insolasi yang diterima oleh permukaan bumi dan faktor non meteorologi seperti emisi dari prekursor pembentuk ozon. Berdasarkan analisis regresi spasial, NO2 dan radiasi matahari memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan secara spasial dengan nilai P value sebesar 0 dan 0.07 terhadap konsentrasi ozon troposfer dengan selang kepercayaan yang berbeda. NO2 dan radiasi matahari mampu menjelaskan persentase konsentrasi ozon troposfer sebesar 81%., Ozone in the atmosphere is divided into two layers: stratospheric ozone and tropospheric ozone. Ozone in the stratospheric layer protects the Earth from the sun's ultraviolet rays, while ozone in the tropospheric layer is a pollutant that is harmful to the health of living beings. Tropospheric ozone is formed in a series of complex photochemical reactions assisted by ultraviolet radiation and ozone precursors. This research aims to analyze at the distribution of tropospheric ozone in the Western Part of Java Island spatially and determine the influence of NO2 and solar radiation on tropospheric ozone concentrations during 2023. Variations in tropospheric ozone concentration can be analyze using remote sensing methods. One of them is using the Sentinel-5P satellite, which is an air pollution control program from Copernicus. The lowest tropospheric ozone concentration is observed in January and February, while the highest concentration occurs in October and November. This is influenced by meteorological factors such as the insolation received by the Earth's surface and non-meteorological factors such as emissions of ozone-forming precursors. Based on spatial regression analysis, NO2 and solar radiation has a spatially significant influence with a P value of 0 and 0.07 on tropospheric ozone concentration with different confidence intervals. NO2 and solar radiation are able to explain the percentage of tropospheric ozone concentration of 81% .
Keyword: solar radiation, spatial analysis, NO2, spatial regression, tropospheric ozone

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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