Judul: Bioplastic Formulation of Jackfruit Seed Starch with Mixed Wood Powder-Based Nanocellulose Reinforcement
Abstrak: Bioplastik merupakan plastik ramah lingkungan yang dapat terurai lebih cepat, dibandingkan dengan plastik konvensional. Biji nangka dapat digunakan sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan bioplastik. Penambahan bahan penguat (reinforcement), seperti nanoselulosa diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sifat fisik dan mekanik bioplastik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan formulasi bioplastik pati biji nangka terbaik dengan penambahan nanoselulosa serbuk kayu sebagai reinforcement. Rendemen pati biji nangka hasil ekstraksi diperoleh sebesar 11,70%. Selulosa serbuk kayu diperoleh melalui proses delignifikasi menggunakan NaOH 10%, proses pemutihan menggunakan H2O2 30% dan NaOCl 10%, diakhiri penghalusan partikel dengan metode ball milling. Rendemen selulosa diperoleh sebesar 35,65% dan nanoselulosa 61,55%. Bioplastik pati biji nangka yang dihasilkan meningkatkan ketebalan dan densitas. Daya serap air dan laju tansmisi uap air bioplastik akan menurun seiring dengan penambahan nanoselulosa. Penambahan konsentrasi nanoselulosa 2,5% menghasilkan bioplastik terbaik dengan nilai kuat tarik 4,5465 MPa, elongasi 7,48%, dan elastisitas 0,6078 MPa., Bioplastics are environmentally friendly plastics that decompose faster than conventional plastics. Jackfruit seeds can be used as a primary material for making bioplastics. Adding reinforcement materials like nanocellulose is expected to improve bioplastics' physical and mechanical properties. This study aims to determine the best formulation of jackfruit seed starch bioplastic with the addition of wood powder nanocellulose as reinforcement. The yield of jackfruit seed starch from extraction was obtained at 11,70%. Wood powder cellulose is obtained through a deignification process using 10% NaOH, a bleaching process using 30% H2O2 and 10% NaOCl, and particle smoothing by the ball milling method. The cellulose yield was obtained by 35,65% and nanocellulose by 61,55%. The resulting jackfruit seed starch bioplastic increases the thickness and density. It also decreases water absorption and bioplastic's water vapor transmission rate, along with the increase in nanocellulose concentration. Adding a nanocellulose concentration of 2,5% produced the best bioplastic, with a tensile strength value of 4,5465 MPa, elongation of 7,48%, and elasticity of 0,6078 MPa.
Keyword: bioplastik, nanoselulosa, Serbuk Kayu, ball milling, pati biji nangka

Judul: Cellulose Nanocrystals as Reinforcement Agent for  Bioplastic of Sago Hampas Starch-Al2O3
Abstrak: Bioplastik dapat menjadi solusi untuk menggantikan plastik non-degradabel. Pati sebagai bahan dasar bioplastik dapat diperoleh dari limbah ampas sagu. Bioplastik komposit pati-Al2O3 memiliki sifat ketahanan panas yang baik, namun kekuatan tarik yang dihasilkan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan sifat mekanik pati-Al2O3 dengan adanya penambahan nanokristal selulosa. Bioplastik dibuat dengan perbandingan nanokristal selulosa 5%, 10%, dan 15% dari total bobot pati. Bioplastik yang diperoleh memiliki tekstur halus dan elastis. Penambahan nanokristal selulosa dapat memperbaiki sifat mekanik dari bioplastik pati-Al2O3. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya nilai kuat tarik dari 3,75 MPa menjadi 4,16 MPa. Peningkatan kuat tarik terjadi pada penambahan nanokristal selulosa sebanyak 5%. Semakin banyak konsentrasi, maka nanokristal selulosa yang ditambahkan akan memperkecil nilai kuat tarik. Daya serap air dan transmisi uap air juga mengalami penurunan nilai. Sementara itu, densitas dan ketebalan mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan banyaknya konsentrasi nanokristal yang ditambahkan. Analisis gugus fungsi pada bioplastik dengan spektrum FTIR menunjukkan keberadaan gugus O-H, C-H, dan C-O-C., Bioplastics can be a solution to replace non-degradable plastics. Starch as a primary material for bioplastics can be obtained from sago hampas. The starch Al2O3 composite bioplastic has good heat resistance, but low tensile strength. This study aims to improve the mechanical properties of starch-Al2O3 by adding cellulose nanocrystals. Bioplastics were made with a ratio of cellulose nanocrystals of 5%, 10%, and 15% by weight of total starch. The obtained bioplastic has a smooth and elastic texture. The addition of cellulose nanocrystals can improve the mechanical properties of starch-Al2O3 bioplastics. It has been observed by the increasing value of tensile strength from 3.75 MPa to 4.16 MPa. The increase in tensile strength occurred with the addition of 5% cellulose nanocrystals. The more concentration of cellulose nanocrystals added, the smaller the tensile strength value. Water absorption and water vapor transmission also decreased. Meanwhile, the density and thickness increased as the concentration of nanocrystals was added. Functional group analysis in bioplastics with FTIR spectrum showed the presence of O-H, C-H, and C-O-C groups.
Keyword: Al2O3, bioplastic, cellulose nanocrystals, sago hampas

Judul: Studi histopatologi organ limpa hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) yang Diinfeksi Coxiella burnetii
Abstrak: Query fever is a zoonosis caused by Coxiella burnetii (C. burnetii). The aim of this research was to determine the histopathological changes of spleen of hamster (Mesoscricetus auratus) which were infected by C. burnetii using Haematoxylin-Eosin (HE) and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) methods. This research used 6 hamsters which were devided into two passage. The histopathological examination picture with HE staining of first passage in hamsters showed relatively similar results with those the second passage such as red pulp hemorrhage and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Histopathological observation of spleen from first passage hamster by using IHC staining showed the positivity was unclear compared to the second passage hamster.
Keyword: Coxiella burnetii, Immunohistochemistry, Query Fever