Judul: Identifikasi keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR AluI) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein di BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, dan BET Cipelang.
Abstrak: Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is one factor affecting animal growth. GHR is required by growth hormone (GH) to carry out its effect on target tissues. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor gene in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle and beef cattle. Genotyping was performed on 126 animals. These consisted of HF 89 heads from BIB Lembang (17), BBIB Singosari (32), and BET Cipelang (40); as well as for 37 heads of four breeds of beef cattle including for Simmental (13), Limousin (14), Brahman (5), and Angus (5) for a comparison. Varian genetic of the GHR gene was identified by PCR-RFLP method using AluI restriction enzyme cutting the base position at AG|CT. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been found in exon 10, coding for the cytoplasmic domain of GHR, which was located at position 81 bp (A/G) induced amino acid substitutions Ser/Gly. The product of amplification of GHR was 298 bp. Genotyping the GHR gene produced two alleles (A and G) resulting three genotypes (AA, AG and GG). The genotype AA was dominant in HF cattle from all locations, and also in Brahman and Limousin cattle from BET Cipelang. All of HF dairy cattle were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (χhit 2>χ0,05 2), in contrast, Simmental and Limousin were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Hardy-Weinberg in Brahman and Angus values could not be calculated. Heterozigosity values in HF and beef cattle were low (ho<he). In beef cattle, Angus had highest heterozigosity value (0,600), while Brahman had the lowest heterozigosity value (0.000). The conclusion was that the variability of GHR|AluI gene can be used as a basic information for selection in growth caracteristic in the HF and beef cattle. Keywords: Beef cattle, Genetic polymorphism, GHR|AluI gene,
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH|HaeIII) Pada Sapi Friesian Holstein Di BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, Dan BETCipelang
Abstrak: This study was aimed to identify polymorphism of the GHRH gene in Holstein Friesian (FH) cattle from BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, and BET Cipelang; and beef cattle from BET Cipelang for a comparison. Blood samples used were 126 samples, consisting of 49 HF bulls from BIB Lembang (17 hds), BBIB Singosari (32 hds), and HF cows from BET Cipelang (40 hds); and a number of 37 hds of beef cattle consisting of Simmental (13 hds), Limousin (14 hds), Brahman (5 hds), and Angus (5 hds) from BET Cipelang. This study used PCR-RFLP method using restriction enzyme HaeIII. This enzyme restricted the GHRH gene sequences at the bases GG | CC at the positions of 118, 312, and 406 bp resulting four fragments with the lengths of 118, 194, 94, and 45 bp respectively. Genotyping GHRH gene produced two alleles, namely A and B alleles. These alleles produced three genotypes, namely the genotypes of AA (312, 94, and 45 bp), AB (312, 194, 118, 94, and 45 bp), and BB (194, 118, 94, and 45 bp). Frequency of the B allele was higher than the A allele. Frequencies of the A and B alleles in HF were in BIB Lembang 0,235 and 0,765, BBIB Singosari 0,234 and 0,766, and BET Cipelang 0,225 and 0,775. Chi-square analysis showed that all of HF and beef cattles were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 < χ2 (0.05)), the exception in HF cattles in BIB Lembang, Brahman and Angus cattles in BET Cipelang. The highest heterozigosity values in HF was found in BIB Lembang (0,471), while the lowest was in BBIB Singosari (0,344). Heterozygosity values in the HF were lower than those of Simmental and Limousin beef cattle. GHRH gene in HF and beef cattle were polimorfic, the exception in Brahman cattle as possesing only the B allele.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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