Judul: Characteristics of Collagen from Pangas Catfish Swim bladder (Pangasius sp.) with Differences Time of Ultrasound
Abstrak: Gelembung renang merupakan hasil samping perikanan yang sebagian komponen utamanya berupa protein kolagen. Kolagen merupakan komponen struktural utama dari jaringan ikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan komposisi kimia, struktur jaringan gelembung renang ikan patin, proses ekstraksi, serta hidrolisis kolagen gelembung renang ikan patin dengan waktu sonikasi berbeda (0, 10, 15, dan 20 menit). Gelembung renang tersusun atas serat-serat yang menggelombang, memiliki percabangan serta memiliki ruang antar serat. Perlakuan terbaik dari kolagen gelembung renang ikan patin ditentukan berdasarkan analisis ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Kualitas hidrolisat kolagen terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan waktu sonikasi 15 menit. Kolagen memperoleh rantai a_(1,) a_(2,) dan ß. Hidrolisat kolagen memiliki gugus fungsi dengan puncak serapan amida A, amida B, amida I, amida II, dan amida III, nilai pH 6,67±0,15, nilai viskositas 4,00±1,92, serta memperoleh aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 44,09±0,48., The swim bladder is fishery by-product whose main components are collagen protein. Collagen is the main structural component of connective tissue. This research aims to determine the chemical composition, structure of catfish swim bladder tissue, extraction process, and collagen hydrolysis of catfish swim bladder with different sonication times (0, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). Swim bladder is composed of wavy fibers, have branches and have spaces between fibers. The best treatment of catfish swim bladder collagen was determined based on ANOVA analysis and Duncan's further test. The best quality of collagen hydrolysate was obtained from a sonication treatment time of 15 minutes. Collagen obtained a_(1,) a_(2,) and ß chains. Collagen hydrolysate had functional groups with peak absorption of amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III, pH value of 6,67±0,15, viscosity value of 4,00±1,92, and antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 44,09±0,48.
Keyword: antioxidant, hydrolysis, moleculer weight, tissue structure, ultrasound

Judul: Characteristics of Catfish (Pangasius sp.) Skin  Collagen from Ultrasonic Extraction
Abstrak: Kolagen umumnya bersumber dari hewan mamalia yang dikhawatirkan terkait kehalalan dan wabah penyakit yang ditimbulkan. Kulit ikan patin dapat menjadi salah satu solusi sumber bahan baku alternatif kolagen. Metode ekstraksi secara fisik dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan ultrasonik. Penelitian terkait ekstraksi kolagen dari kulit ikan patin dengan bantuan ultrasonik belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi kolagen kulit ikan patin yang dihasilkan menggunakan metode ultrasonikasi dengan variasi waktu berbeda (0 menit, 60 menit, 90 menit, dan 120 menit). Waktu terbaik ultrasonikasi yaitu selama 120 menit menghasilkan rendemen sebanyak 12,3%. Karakteristik fisik kolagen meliputi suhu pelelehan 97,01℃. Karakteristik kimia kolagen meliputi kadar air 9,85%, nilai pH 6,7, hasil FTIR menunjukkan terdeteksinya gugus amida A, amida B, amida I, amida II, dan amida III yang merupakan gugus khas kolagen, dan bobot molekul kolagen dengan lama ultrasonik 120 menit yaitu 155,234 kDa (α1), 97,517 kDa (α2), dan 237,548 kDa (β).
Keyword: collagen, fish skin, thermal stability, tissue structure, ultrasonic time

Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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