Judul: The Impact of Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) on Indonesian Green Tea Exports to Destination Countries
Abstrak: Teh merupakan salah satu komoditas hasil perkebunan yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam kegiatan perekonomian Indonesia dimana nilai ekspor teh mencapai 24.885 USD pada tahun 2018. Berdasarkan data BPS, tren ekspor teh hijau Indonesia berfluktuatif dan cenderung menurun pada periode 2012-2019. Hal ini diduga disebabkan oleh penerapan Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) pada teh hijau semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini menyajikan gambaran pemberlakuan NTMs pada ekspor teh hijau Indonesia di negara tujuan ekspor yang dianalisis dengan inventory approach. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui dampak NTMs terhadap ekspor teh hijau Indonesia di negara tujuan ekspor yang dianalisis menggunakan gravity model. Hasil pendekatan inventory menunjukkan Vietnam sebagai negara dengan pemberlakuan hambatan non tarif terbanyak dengan total 41 kebijakan dengan nilai frequency index dan coverage ratio yang paling tinggi. Sementara itu hasil gravity model menunjukkan bahwa kebijakan SPS memiliki pengaruh negatif terhadap ekspor teh hijau Indonesia sedangkan kebijakan TBT memiliki pengaruh positif terhadap ekspor teh hijau Indonesia.
Keyword: coverage ratio, frequency index, gravity model, SPS, TBT

Judul: Analysis of Non-Tariff Measures and Factors  Affecting Indonesian Coffee Exports to Destination Countries
Abstrak: Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor unggulan subsektor perkebunan di Indonesia namun pertumbuhan ekspor kopi menunjukkan kecenderungan yang menurun. Negara-negara tujuan ekspor aktif memberlakukan tindakan Non Tarif Measures (NTMs) berupa kebijakan Sanitary and Phitosanitary (SPS) dan Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) yang disinyalir menjadi hambatan perdagangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja ekspor kopi Indonesia dan pemberlakuan NTMs serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor kopi Indonesia ke negara tujuan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis pendekatan inventory dan model gravity dengan series tahun 2010-2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja perdagangan kopi Indonesia berfluktuatif dan tidak menunjukkan peningkatan pertumbuhan ekspor yang signifikan. Pemberlakuan tindakan NTMs terbanyak adalah SPS. Hasil estimasi gravity panel menunjukkan bahwa GDP negara pengekspor, nilai tukar, jarak ekonomi, dan coverage ratio SPS berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan. Sedangkan GDP negara pengimpor, populasi negara pengekspor, populasi negara pengimpor, dan coverage ratio TBT berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap ekspor kopi Indonesia., Coffee is one of the leading export commodities of the plantation sub-sector in Indonesia, however coffee export growth shows a downward trend. Export destination countries actively impose Non-Tariff Measures (NTMs) in the form of Sanitary and Phitosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barrier to Trade (TBT) policies which are alleged to be trade barriers. This study aims to analyze the performance of Indonesian coffee exports and the application of NTMs and the factors that influence Indonesian coffee exports to destination countries. The method used is an analysis of the inventory approach and gravity model with the 2010-2019 series. The results showed that the performance of the Indonesian coffee trade fluctuated and did not show a significant increase in export growth. The most NTMs were enforced by SPS. The estimation results of the gravity panel show that the GDP of the exporting country, the exchange rate, economic distance, and the SPS coverage ratio have a negative and significant effect. Meanwhile, the GDP of the importing country, the population of the exporting country, the population of the importing country, and the TBT coverage ratio have a positive and significant effect on Indonesia's coffee exports
Keyword: ekspor, kopi, model gravity, NTMs, pendekatan inventory, export, coffee, gravity model, NTMs, inventory approach

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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