Judul: Effectiveness of Tamarind Leaf Infusion (Tamarindus indica L.) as an Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Asam jawa merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki khasiat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, namun belum ada penelitian ilmiah mengenai aktivitas infusa daun asam jawa sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi infusa daun asam jawa yang efektif dalam memberikan efek antidiare pada mencit. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yang terdiri dari kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%]), kontrol positif (Loperamid HCl), dan tiga kelompok yang diberi perlakuan infusa daun asam jawa dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (25%, 50%, dan 100%). Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, waktu awal terjadinya diare, durasi, dan waktu penyembuhan diare. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ekstrak infusa daun asam jawa sebagai antidiare memiliki kemampuan menurunkan frekuensi defekasi, meningkatkan konsistensi feses, menunda terjadinya diare, dan memperlama waktu penyembuhan diare. Hasil uji fitokimia dari infusa daun asam jawa mengandung flavonoid, steroid, dan terpenoid. Semua kelompok ekstrak infusa daun asam jawa memberikan hasil yang efektif sebagai antidiare., Tamarind is an herbal plant that has properties to treat various diseases, but there has been no scientific research on the activity of tamarind leaf infusion as antidiarrheal. This study aims to determine the concentration of tamarind leaf infusion that is effective in providing antidiarrheal effects on mice. This study also aims to analyze the content of secondary metabolite compounds. This study used 30 mice divided into 5 groups consisting of negative control (Tween 80 [1%]), positive control (Loperamide HCl), and three groups treated with tamarind leaf infusion with graded concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%). The parameters used in the intestinal protection method were frequency of defecation, stool consistency, time of onset of diarrhea, duration, and healing time of diarrhea. The results obtained showed that tamarind leaf infusion extract as an antidiarrheal agent has the ability to reduce the frequency of defecation, increase stool consistency, delay the onset of diarrhea, and prolong the healing time of diarrhea. Phytochemical test results of tamarind leaf infusion contain flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids. All groups of tamarind leaf infusion extracts provide effective results as antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, daun asam jawa, infusa

Judul: Effectiveness of Cashew Leaf Infusa (Anacardium occidentale L.) as Antidiarrhoea in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan utama di Indonesia dengan angka kesakitan serta kematian yang masih tinggi. Pengobatan diare dapat diobati menggunakan bahan alami, salah satunya adalah tanaman jambu mete. Jambu mete merupakan tanaman yang tumbuh di Indonesia dan memiliki berbagai manfaat terutama dalam bidang kesehatan. Daun jambu mete (Anacardium occidentale L.) secara empiris telah digunakan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat diare. Penelitian ilmiah terkait infusa daun jambu mete sebagai antidiare belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas infusa daun jambu mete sebagai obat antidiare dan kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder dalam daun jambu mete. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit sebagai hewan coba yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kontrol negatif (Tween 80 1%), kelompok kontrol positif (loperamid HCl), dan 3 kelompok infusa daun jambu mete konsentrasi bertingkat 25%, 50%, dan 100%. Variabel yang diamati dalam metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi buang air besar, konsistensi tinja, onset, durasi, dan waktu persembuhan diare. Hasil pengujian fitokimia infusa daun jambu mete menunjukkan adanya alkaloid, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, saponin, dan tanin. Hasil penelitian dari metode proteksi intestinal menunjukkan efek antidiare pada semua konsentrasi infusa daun jambu mete. Konsentrasi terbaik sebagai antidiare ditunjukkan oleh infusa dengan konsentrasi 100%., Diarrheal diseases are a major health problem in Indonesia with high morbidity and mortality rates. Cashew is a plant that grows in Indonesia and has various benefits, especially in the health sector. According to experience cashew leaves (Anacardium occidentale L.) are used by the population as a medicine against diarrhea. There is no scientific research on cashew leaf infusa as an antidiarrheal. The aim of this study isto determine the efficacy of cashew leaf infusa as an antidiarrheal and the content of secondary metabolites in cashew leaves. For this study, 30 mice were used as experimental animals, which were divided into 5 groups. The treatment groups consisted of negative control (Tween 80 1%), a positive control group (loperamid HCl), and 3 groups of cashew leaf infusa at graded concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100%. The variables observed in the intestinal protection method were frequency of defecation, stool consistency, onset, duration, and recovery time of diarrhea. The results of the phytochemical investigation of cashew leaf infusa showed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, terpenoids, saponins, and tannins. The results of the intestinal protection method showed antidiarrheal effects at all concentrations of cashew leaf infusa. Infusa showed the best antidiarrheal effect at a concentration of 100%.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, daun jambu mete

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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