Judul: Analisis data citra buah-buahan dengan algoritma fagin dan thereshold
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi informasi, khususnya temu kembali terhadap data atau informasi, tidak hanya dalam bentuk data teks saja, tetapi dapat juga dalam bentuk audio (suara, musik dan bunyi), video, gambar atau citra. Untuk melakukan pengolahan data multimedia yang terstruktur dan terorganisasi yang diperlukan untuk database multimedia, dimana konsep penyimpanan jenis data menjadi letak perbedaan yang mendasar dengan database tradisional.
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Judul: Algoritma cerdas untuk analisis penampakan objek
Abstrak: Teknik pengolahan citra telah berkembang sejak dekade terakhir. Banyak penelitian yang menggunakan teknik ini telah dihasilkan. Diantaranya adalah; Ahmad dan Budiastra (2002) yang mengembangkan alat sortasi buah mangga dan Damiri et al. (2003) menentukan tingkat ketuaan dan kematangan jeruk lemon. Analisis warna pada penelitian-penelitian tersebut menggunakan indeks warna RGB. Indeks ini sebenarnya merupakan nilai intensitas warna RGB terbanyak yang dimiliki oleh objek. Dengan demikian, setiap warna akan diwakili oleh tiga buah nilai untuk masing-masing komponen R, G dan B. Kelemahan cara pengklasifikasian yang menggunakan indeks warna RGB adalah tidak memberikan perbedaan yang nyata pada warna yang hampir sama. Kelebihan dari penggunanaan indeks warna RGB dalam evaluasi mutu produk adalah saat digabungkan dengan Jaringan Syaraf Tiruan (ANN) memberikan hasil yang akurat dalam memisahkan produk, misalnya penelitian Damiri et al. (2004) yang mengelompokan mutu jeruk lemon menggunakan ANN dengan ketepatan 100% dan RMS error ANN sebesar 0.004. Pada penelitian ini, digunakan pendekatan lain dalam hal klasifikasi warna, yaitu dengan cara parameterisasi RGB dari warna suatu objek. Parameter yang dihasilkan diharapkan bisa bersifat umum. Artinya bisa memberikan hasil yang memuaskan dalam keperluan apapun, baik untuk klasifikasi langsung, maupun dengan bantuan algoritma lain, misalnya ANN. ...
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable