Judul: Pengaruh Multi-streaming dan Congestion Window pada SCTP terhadap Kinerja Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET)
Abstrak: Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides reliable data transfer service an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The two main features of SCTP are multi-streaming and multi-homing. Multi-streaming allows multiple streams to send data; if one stream fails, only part of the data is lost and needs to be resent. Multi-homing is a feature that allows multiple IP addresses at one endpoint to ensure that failures do not bring the transmission to a total halt. This research was performed using Network Simulator (NS-2) to analyze multi-streaming and congestion window effect in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Mobile ad hoc networks were formed dynamically by an autonomous system of mobile nodes that were connected via wireless links in absensce of network infrastructure or centralized administration. The metrics which evaluated in this simulation were throughput, delay, and packet loss ratio. As a result, delay value is reduced only when the addition of congestion window up to 2 * MTU. Increasing the above 2 * MTU will actually add value to the delay. SCTP quality was good enough for delay-sensitive application, because the delay was less than 4 seconds.
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Judul: Effect of Multi-Streaming on SCTP to Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) Performance.
Abstrak: Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a connection-oriented transport layer protocol that provides reliable data transfer service an Internet Protocol (IP) network. The two main features of SCTP are multi-streaming and multi-homing. Multi-streaming allows multiple streams to send data; if one stream fails, only part of the data is lost and needs to be resent. Multi-homing is a feature that allows for multiple IP addresses at one endpoint to ensure that failures don’t bring the transmission to a total halt. This research performed on Network Simulator (NS-2) to analyze multi-streaming effect in Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET). Mobile ad hoc networks were formed dynamically by an autonomous system of mobile nodes that were connected via wireless links in absensce of network infrastructure or centralized administration. The metrics which evaluted in this simulation were throughput, delay, and packet loss ratio. As a result, maximum stream number was different according to the receiver window size. If receiver buffer size was small, head-of-line blocking would be more severe, so the link needed an additional number of streams. If the receiver had enough buffer size to store many packets while waiting on a lost packet, it did not need additional streams. SCTP quality was good enough because the delay we got less than 4 seconds. For getting good streaming quality, the delay has to less than 4 or 5 seconds. Keywords : SCTP, MANET, multi-streaming, multi-homing, ad hoc, head-of-line blocking, receiver window.
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Judul: Preparasi Imunoglobulin Yolk (Igy) Spesifik Rabies Untuk Pengembangan Kit Diagnostik
Abstrak: Rabies adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus neurotropik genus Lyssavirus famili Rhabdoviridae dan dapat ditularkan dari hewan ke hewan lain maupun hewan ke manusia melalui saliva.Penyakit ini bersifat zoonosis dan berakibat fatal pada manusia, sehingga semua material yang dicurigai terinfeksi virus rabies harus ditangani dengan memperhatikan aspek keamanan sesuai dengan spesifikasi World Health Organization(WHO). Diagnosis penyakit rabies di Indonesia selama ini hanya berdasarkan gejala klinis dan pemeriksaan histopatologis preparat otak yang berasal dari hewan tersangka.Teknik diagnosa untuk mendeteksi virus rabies harus terus dikembangkan. Antigen dan antibodi standar sangat diperlukan untuk diagnosa rabies. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi antibodi standar terhadap virus rabies yang nantinya dapat di gunakan sebagai antibodi standar dan membandingkan dua metode purifikasi imunoglobulin yolk(IgY) spesifik rabies asal kuning telur. Kegiatan penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi produksi antibodi pada ayam petelur yang telah divaksinasi menggunakan antigen rabies terinaktivasi, pengukuran konsentrasi IgY dalam kuning telur, pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur, pengukuran konsentrasi total protein IgY, karakterisasi antibodi spesifik rabies, penentuan titer IgY anti rabies menggunakan ELISA. Kuning telur yang diketahui positif mengandung IgY spesifik rabies dimurnikan menggunakan dua metode yaitu : 1) pengendapan dengan NaCl; 2) teknik Water Soluble Fraction (WSF), dilanjutkan pengendapan dengan PEG 6000-amonium sulfat. Titer IgY spesifik di tentukan dengan uji ELISA dan karakterisasi protein dengan metode SDS-PAGE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antibodi anti-rabies dapat dideteksi pada kuning telur pada minggu kedua setelah vaksinasi pertama. Purifikasi IgY dengan NaCl menghasilkan konsentrasi 331 μg/ml dan teknik WSF 184 μg/ml. Karakterisasi protein menggunakan SDS-PAGE menghasilkan pita protein pada teknik NaCl dengan berat molekul 164,16 kDa, 126,43 kDa, 97,36 kDa, 68,73 kDa, 40,76 kDa, 28,77 kDa dan teknik WSF dengan berat molekul 94,03 kDa, 65,61 kDa, dan 31,94 kDa. Titer antibodi spesifik menggunakan teknik NaCl lebih besar dari 0,5 EU/ml dan teknik WSF dengan titer antibodi di bawah 0,5 EU/ml . Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa IgY spesifik rabies dapat diproduksi pada ayam petelur dan menghasilkan antibodi yang titernya cukup tinggi
Keyword: Rabies, immunoglobulin yolk (IgY), kuning telur, ayam petelur