Judul: Competitiveness and Affecting Factors of Indonesian Nutmeg Export
Abstrak: The agricultural sector is a sector that makes a huge contribution to the GNP. Nutmeg is one of Indonesia's plantation export commodities that has high economic value. Indonesia's nutmeg export value during the period 2010-2019 quite volatile and there are still several obstacles that cause Indonesia’s nutmeg experienced rejection in destination countries. The objectives of this study are: 1) analyze the competitiveness of Indonesian nutmeg exports; 2) analyze the factors affecting Indonesian nutmeg exports. This study uses RCA, EPD, TII and Diamond's Porter method to determine the competitiveness of nutmeg, and uses a Gravity Model to determine the factors that affect Indonesian nutmeg exports. The RCA's results shows that Indonesian nutmeg has a higher comparative advantage in the six destination countries. The EPD's results are the Rising Star of the United Arab Emirates, the Falling Star of Vietnam and Germany, the Lost Opportunity of China and the Retreat of the United States. TII shows that Indonesia has intense trade relations with China, Vietnam, the Netherlands and the United States. In Diamond Porter's analysis, the supporting industry factors have not been optimal in supporting the competitiveness of Indonesia’s nutmeg exports, while other factors tend to be positive in supporting the competitiveness of Indonesia’s nutmeg. The Gravity Model's results shows that all independent variables have a significant impact on the export value of nutmeg.
Keyword: Diamond’s Porter, EPD, Gravity Model, RCA, TII

Judul: Analysis of competitiveness and factors Affecting Indonesian Nutmeg Export in Non-Traditional Market
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara eksportir pala terbesar didunia. Pala Indonesia cenderung mengalami peningkatan volume ekspor tiap tahunnya, namun perkembangan ekspor pala masih mengalami fluktuasi selama periode 2012-2021. Adapun cara untuk mengoptimalkan ekspor pala Indonesia, yaitu diperlukannya diversifikasi negara tujuan yang dimana pada negara pasar non tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor pala Indonesia di negara pasar non tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu RCA, EPD, X-Model dan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai RCA pala Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang kuat di 10 negara non tradisional. Hasil EPD menunjukkan pala Indonesia pada posisi rising star, falling star, lost opportunity, dan retreat. Hasil X-Model menunjukkan pengembangan pasar optimis, potensial, dan kurang potensial. Hasil perhitungan regresi data panel menunjukkan GDP perkapita, harga ekspor, jarak ekonomi, nilai RCA dan dummy Covid-19 memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap nilai ekspor. Sedangkan pada variabel nilai tukar riil tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor pala Indonesia., Indonesia is one of the biggest nutmeg exporters of the worlds. Indonesian Nutmeg tends to experience an increase in export volume each year, but developments in the export volume of nutmeg are still experiencing fluctuations during the 2012-2021 period. As for the way to optimize Indonesia's nutmeg exports, namely the need for diversification of destination countries that are in non- traditional markets. The research methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model Analysis, and panel data regression. The results showed RCA analysis results showed that Indonesian nutmeg has strong competitiveness in 10 non-traditional countries. EPD results show Indonesian nutmeg in rising star, falling star, lost opportunity, and retreat positions. The X-Model results show optimistic, potential, and less potential market development. The results of panel data regression calculations show that GDP per capita, export prices, economic distance, RCA and dummy Covid-19 index values have a significant positive effect on export values. Meanwhile, the real exchange rate variable has no significant effect on the export value of Indonesian nutmeg.
Keyword: Competitiveness, Nutmeg, Non-traditional market, Panel data regression

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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