Judul: Kajian Pengaruh Ukuran Dan Jenis Bahan Berlignoselulosa Pada Hidrolisis Menggunakan Enzim Dari Neurospora Sitophila
Abstrak: Pada umumnya hasil samping dari pertanian dan industri pertanian, kaya akan komponen selulosa seperti : jerami, serbuk gergaji dan sabut kelapa sawit, yang dapat dihidrolisis secara enzimatis menghasilkan gula pereduksi. Proses hidrolisis secara enzimatis, terutama oleh enzim yang dihasilkan dari Neurospora sitophila belum banyak dikaji, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian yang berkaitan dengan faktor yang berpengaruh dalam hidrolisis. Salah satu yang berpengaruh dalam hidrolisis adalah ukuran dan jenis bahan berlignoselulosa sehingga perlu diteliti ukuran dan jenis bahan berlignoselulosa yang terbaik untuk dihidrolisis oleh enzim ekstraseluler dari N.sitophila. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan selulolitik enzim dalam menghidrolisis beberapa bahan berlignoselulosa. Secara khusus kajian ini bertujuan untuk 1) mendapatkan ukuran dan jenis bahan berlignoselulosa yang terbaik untuk dihidrolisis oleh enzim ekstraseluler dari N.sitophila serta kaitannya dengan aktivitas enzim selama hidrolisis dan jenis gula pereduksi yang dihasilkan, 2) memperoleh kandungan kimia dan struktur bahan berlignoselulosa sebelum dan setelah hidrolisi. Sebagai tahap persiapan hidrolisis enzimatis bahan berlignoselulosa dilakukan pengujian aktivitas enzim, analisis kandungan kimia dan pengamatan struktur bahan berlignoselulosa menggunakan Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Pada penelitian utama dilakukan hidrolisis dengan berbagai ukuran partikel (30, 40 dan 50 mesh).....dst
Keyword: Neurospora sitophila, lignocellulosic material

Judul: Kajian Hidrolisa Sabut Sawit Menggunakan Selulase Kasar dari Neurospora sitophila
Abstrak: Sabut dan tandan lcosong dari kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis) adalah limbah dari industri minyak sawit. Salah satu upaya pemanfaatan limbah sabut dan tandan kelapa sawit adalah memanfaatkannya menjadi media pertumbuhan kapang selulolitik untuk produksi selulase, selanjutnya selulase yang dihasilkan dapat digunakan untulc menghidrolisis bahan berselulosa menjadi gula sederhana. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kondisi hidrolisis sabut kelapa sawit menggunakan selulase kasar yang dilakukan pada reaktor dengan pengaduk impeler turbine. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan 3 tingkat ukuran partikel sabut sawit (20, 30, dan 40 mesh) dan 3 tingkat agitasi/pengadukan (100, 125, dan 150 rpm) . Hidrolisis dilakukan dengan penambahan selulase kasar beraktivitas 5 Filter Paper Unit (FPU)/g substrat pada suhu 38'~ selama 10 jam dengan pengambilan sampel tiap 2 jam. Analisa hasil hidrolisis yang dilakukan adalah kadar gula pereduksi (mg/g substrat) .
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite