Judul: Mempelajari pengaruh berbagai metoda pembukaan lahan alang - alang terhadap pengolahan tanah secara mekanis
Abstrak: Dalam Pelita III (1979-1984), pemerintah akan menyi apkan lahan yang mampu menampung 500 000 Kepala Keluarga di luar Jawa dan Bali, termasuk segala fasilitasnya, yakni lahan untuk perumahan dan fasilitas umum, lahan untuk ta- naman pangan dan mungkin untuk perkebunan. Dikaitkan dengan program pemerintah untuk swasembada pangan dan juga untuk pemanfaatan tanah yang kurang atau tidak produktif, maka lahan alang-alang yang tersebar di Indonesia merupakan lahan yang juga dipilih sebagai wila- yah penampungan para transmigran. Berbagai cara dapat digunakan untuk pembukaan dan pe- nyiapan lahan, tetapi metoda yang cocok dalam hubungannya dengan kelayakan dari segi teknis, ekonomi dan sosial ser- ta keserasian dan keseimbangan antara metoda pembukaan dan penggunaan lahan selanjutnya perlu dicari. Pembukaan lahan atau "land clearing" dapat diartikan sebagai kegiatan membersihkan benda-benda berupa pohon- pohon, hutan belukar atau alang-alang dari suatu tempat. ...
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Judul: Membandingkan Pengaruh Pembakaran Terhadap Kapasitas Lapngan Dan Biaya Pokok "Subsoiling" Dan "Disk Plowing" Dalam Pembukaan Areal Alang-Alang Secara Mekanis
Abstrak: Alang-alang merupakan salah satu masalah penting di bidang pertanian. Walaupun dalam batas-batas tertentu alang-alang mempunyai beberapa manfaat, namun lebih penting artinya sebagai tanaman yang merugikan. Sehubungan dengan program transmigrasi dalam Pelita ke III, areal alang-alang merupakan salah satu prioritas untuk dijadikan tempat pemukinan transmigrasi. Pembukaan areal alang-alang dapat dilakukan secara sederhana maupun secara mekanis. Pembukaan areal secara mekanis menggunakan beberapa peralatan seperti traktor, baik traktor roda atau traktor rantai (crawler), dengan peralatan bajak piring, garu piring, "subsoiler", "spring tooth harrow" dan sebagainya. Dalam pembukaan areal alang-alang, kapasitas lapang dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor utama yaitu alat dan mesin, ketrampilan operator dan keadaan lapang serta iklim. Pengamatan dilakukan di daerah transmigrasi Baturaja, Sumatera Selatan. Alat dan mesin yang digunakan adalah traktor rantai (crawler), bajak piring (disk plow) dan "subsoiler".
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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