Judul: The Impact of Social Forestry Forest Utilization Permits on The Economy of Farmer Households (Case Study: Seasonal Plant Farmers in IPHPS Land Simpur Village, Belik District, Pemalang Regency)
Abstrak: Izin Pemanfaatan Hutan Perhutanan Sosial (IPHPS) merupakan program Kementerian Pertanian dan Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi masalah penggunaan lahan pertanian di lahan hutan tanpa menanam tanaman pokok hutan. IPHPS diberikan diberbagai wilayah di Indonesia salah satunya Kabupaten Pemalang. Kabupaten Pemalang merupakan wilayah penerima IPHPS terbanyak di Jawa Tengah, salah satunya di kawasan perhutanan sosial di Desa Simpur. IPHPS bertujuan untuk meningkatkan ketahanan pangan dan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang tinggal di sekitar hutan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan karakteristik rumahtangga petani pengelola lahan IPHPS di Desa Simpur, Kecamatan Belik, Kabupaten Pemalang, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi rumahtangga petani pengelola lahan IPHPS, (3) menganalisis dampak IPHPS terhadap ekonomi rumahtangga petani. Metode analisis data menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lahan IPHPS menyebabkan peningkatan ekonomi rumahtangga petani ketika tanaman tahunan dipanen yang terlihat dari peningkatan pendapatan total rumahtangga dan pengeluaran total rumahtangga petani pengelola lahan IPHPS. Usahatani jagung dan usahatani singkong dapat memberikan pendapatan petani sebelum adanya tanaman tahunan., The Social Forestry Forest Utilization Permit (IPHPS) is a program of the Ministry of Agriculture and the Ministry of Environment and Forestry carried out to overcome the problem of using agricultural land on forest land without planting forest staple crops. IPHPS is given in various regions in Indonesia, one of them is Pemalang Regency. Pemalang Regency is the area that receives the most IPHPS in Central Java, one of them is in the social forestry area in Simpur Village. IPHPS aims to improve food security and expected to improve the welfare of people living around forests. The aim of this research is: (1) describe the characteristics of farmer households managing IPHPS land in Simpur, Belik District, Pemalang Regency, (2) analyze the factors that influence farmer households to manage IPHPS land, (3) analyze the impact of IPHPS on the economy of farmer households. The data analysis method used Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The results of the study shows that IPHPS land causes an increase in the economy of farmer households when annual plant are harvested, as can be seen from the increase in total household income and total expediture of farmer households managing IPHPS land. Corn farming and cassava farming planted by land managers can provide farmers with income before the annual palnt is harvested.
Keyword: 2SLS, curahan kerja, kesejahteraan masyarakat, ketahanan pangan, tanaman tahunan, 2 SLS, annual plant, work flow, community welfare, food security

Judul: The Contribution of Social Forestry to the Income of Communities Around Forest Farmers in KPH Purwakarta
Abstrak: Berbagai permasalahan kehutanan yang terus terjadi di Indonesia menuntut perlunya solusi konkrit dalam mencegah degradasi dan deforestasi. Perhutanan Sosial hadir sebagi sebuah solusi untuk dapat menciptakan hutan yang lestari dan masyarakat yang sejahtera. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan program Perhutanan Sosial dan seberapa besar kontribusi yang diberikan terhadap pendapatan petani di wilayah KPH Purwakarta. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode wawancara kepada 40 orang petani yang tergabung dalam Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan Bambu Jaya yang mendapatkan izin Perhutanan Sosial melalui Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Kemitraan Kehutanan (Kulin KK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi Perhutanan Sosial terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga petani LMDH Bambu Jaya yaitu sebesar 11,85%, hasil analisis faktor menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memengaruhi pendapatan petani LMDH Bambu Jaya adalah luas lahan, dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani Perhutanan Sosial LMDH Bambu Jaya berada pada tingkat kesejahteraan sedang dan cukup hidup layak., Various forestry problems that continue to occur in Indonesia require the need for concrete solutions to prevent degradation and deforestation. Social Forestry is present as a solution to be able to create sustainable forests and prosperous communities. This study aims to analyze the development of the Social Forestry program and how much it contributes to the income of farmers in the KPH Purwakarta area. Data were collected using interviews with 40 farmers who are members of the Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH) Bambu Jaya who received a Social Forestry permit through the Recognition and Protection of the Forestry Partnership (Kulin KK). The results showed that the contribution of Social Forestry to the household income of LMDH Bambu Jaya farmers was 11,85%, the results of the factor analysis showed that the factors affecting the income of LMDH Bambu Jaya farmers were land area, and the level of welfare of LMDH Bambu Jaya Social Forestry farmers was at a moderate level of well-being and decent living.
Keyword: Sustainable forest, welfare, land area, farmer's income

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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