Judul: Inhibition Activity of a-Glucosidase and Total Alkaloid Content of Crude Ethanol Extract from Surian Leaves (Toona sinensis) Leaves at Various Tree Ages
Abstrak: Daun surian (Toona sinensis) mengandung banyak senyawa fitokimia dengan aktivitas seperti antioksidan, antidiabetes, antihiperlipidemia, dan antikanker. Diabetes melitus merupakan gangguan metabolik kronis yang ditandai oleh tingginya kadar gula darah akibat masalah dalam produksi atau fungsi insulin. Prevalensi diabetes melitus pada tahun 2013 di seluruh dunia mencapai 8,4%. Alkaloid merupakan jenis senyawa organik yang mengandung nitrogen, seperti kafein. Kafein, yang ditemukan dalam berbagai jenis daun, memiliki sifat stimulan yang dikenal luas. Penelitian ini menguji aktivitas penghambatan a-Glukosidase dan kadar total alkaloid pada ekstrak etanol daun surian pada umur 11, 27, dan 34 tahun menggunakan pelarut etanol 30%, 70%, dan 96%. Hasilnya menunjukkan pengaruh pelarut dan umur pohon terhadap aktivitas penghambatan enzim aglukosidase dan kadar alkaloid. Aktivitas terbesar terjadi pada ekstrak etanol 96% dari daun surian umur 34 tahun, dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 7,3 µg/mL. Kadar alkaloid tertinggi juga ditemukan pada ekstrak etanol 96% dari daun surian umur pohon 34 tahun, sebesar 3,82%., Surian leaves (Toona sinensis) contained numerous phytochemical compounds with activities such as antioxidant, antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic, and anticancer. Diabetes mellitus was a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood sugar levels due to issues with insulin production or function. The global prevalence of diabetes mellitus in 2013 reached 8,4%. Alkaloids were a type of organic compound containing nitrogen, such as caffeine. Caffeine, found in various types of leaves, was widely known for its stimulant properties. This study examined the a-glucosidase inhibitory activity and total alkaloid content in ethanolic extracts of surian leaves aged 11, 27, and 34 years using 30%, 70%, and 96% ethanol solvents. The results indicated the influence of solvent and tree age on a-glucosidase enzyme inhibition activity and alkaloid content. The greatest activity occurred in the 96% ethanol extract from 34-year-old surian leaves, with an IC50 value of 7,3 µg/mL. The highest alkaloid content was also found in the 96% ethanol extract from 34-year-old surian leaves, amounting to 3,82%.
Keyword: antidiabetic, Toona sinensis, a-Glucosidase, alkaloid, caffeine

Judul: Total Tannin Content and Tyrosinase Enzyme Inhibitory Activity of Surian (Toona sinensis) Leaf Extract in Varying Solvents and Tree Age
Abstrak: Penelitian mengenai tanaman surian telah banyak dikembangkan baik dalam bidang kesehatan maupun industri. Daun surian (Toona sinensis) diketahui memiliki aktivitas penghambatan tirosinase untuk mencegah hiperpigmentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kandungan total tanin dan aktivitas inhibisi tirosinase dari ekstrak daun surian variasi pelarut dan umur pohon. Penentuan kadar total tanin menggunakan metode follin ciocalteu dan menggunakan substrat LTyrosin untuk inhibisi tirosinase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol 96% daun surian menghasilkan kandungan total tanin tertinggi pada umur pohon 34 tahun sebesar 24,299 %, terendah pada ekstrak etanol 30% pada umur 16 tahun sebesar 3,723%. Aktivitas inhibisi terbesar ditunjukkan pada ekstrak etanol 96% pada umur 16 tahun sebesar 86,658% dan terendah pada ekstrak etanol 30% pada umur 34 tahun sebesar 35,949 %.. Nilai IC50 terbaik adalah 53, 712 ppm pada ekstrak etanol 96 persen umur tanaman 16 tahun. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah aktivitas penghambatan tirosinase dan persentase kandungan tanin pada daun surian (Toona sinensis) dipengaruhi oleh umur tanaman dan pelarut yang digunakan dalam ekstraksi dan berpotensi sebagai bahan kosmetika., Research on surian plants has been widely developed both in the health and industrial fields. Surian leaves (Toona sinensis) are known to have tyrosinase inhibitory activity to prevent hyperpigmentation. This research aimed to determine the total tannin content and tyrosinase inhibitory activity of surian leaf extract with various solvents and tree age. Determination of total tannin content using the Follin Ciocalteu method and using L-Tyrosine as a substrate for tyrosinase inhibition. The results of the research showed that the 96% ethanol extract of surian leaves produced the highest total tannin content at 34 years of age at 24.299%, the lowest was 30% ethanol extract at 16 years of age at 3.723%. The greatest inhibitory activity was shown in the 96% ethanol extract at the age of 16 years, amounting to 86.658% and the lowest in the 30% ethanol extract at the age of 34 years, amounting to 35.949%. The best IC50 value was 53.712 ppm in the 96 percent ethanol extract at the age of 16 years. The research concluded that the tyrosinase inhibitory activity and the percentage of tannin content in surian (Toona sinensis) leaves are influenced by the age of the plant and the solvent used in extraction and has the potential as a cosmetic ingredient
Keyword: tanin, L-Tyrosin, surian, tirosinase

Judul: Rancang Bangun Jaringan Peer-to-Peer Webcam dengan Menggunakan Protokol JXTA
Abstrak: Internet is a media for exchange of information and data. Network used on the internet today still implementing client-server network model. Clients need the information must related to the server and request the information needed. System established client-server network is a centralized system and can potentially commercial. If the server was down, the information requested by the client can’t be given and the whole network will be disrupted. Peer-to-peer network is set up to reduce the problem of client-server. Peer-to-peer will not be affected to the problems that occur in each host. If one host to crash or be unable to connect, the network was still able to run. In this research we develop an application using JXTA protocol as a framework for peer-to-peer and API JMF as an additional feature integrated on a JXTA application. API JMF is used to access webcam and produces images or videos. Video or image files generated by the API JMF can be distributed directly into the peer-to-peer network which has been formed. Other connected peers can directly search and download the video files or images. Downloaded files will be directly stored into a local folder on each peer. Files downloaded can be directly redistributed by every peer. If one peer dies, the other peer can share the data from the dead peer after the file is downloaded from the source peer.
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