Judul: Formulasi Permen Jelly Propolis (Trigona spp) untuk Kesehatan Mulut dan Tenggorokan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan formula permen jelly propolis yang memenuhi persyaratan sebagai kudapan yang dapat berfungsi sebagai permen kesehatan mulut dan tenggorokan. Propolis yang digunakan merupakan propolis dari Sulawesi Selatan yang berasal dari jenis lebah tanpa sengat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat taraf formula, yaitu F0 (kontrol), F1 (0.01% propolis), F2 (0.03% propolis), dan F3 (0.05% propolis). Secara keseluruhan, permen jelly dengan nilai kesukaan tertinggi adalah permen dengan taraf penambahan propolis sebanyak 0.01% (F1) yaitu sebesar 56%. Namun dinilai berdasarkan kemampuan permen jelly dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Streptococcus pyogenes, formula terpilih adalah permen jelly dengan penambahan propolis 0.03% (F2) dan penerimaan sebesar 30%. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada atribut warna, aroma, rasa (p<0.05) namun tidak pada atribut tekstur (p>0.05). Formula ini memiliki kadar air 34.84% (b/b), kadar abu 0.07% (b/b), kadar protein 7.60% (b/b), kadar lemak 0.39% (b/b), kadar karbohidrat total 57.11% (b/b), dan kadar serat 0.00% (b/b).
Keyword: propolis, permen jelly, kesehatan mulut

Judul: Formulasi Permen Jelly dengan Penambahan Bee pollen Lebah Trigona spp sebagai Pangan Fungsional.
Abstrak: Bee pollen dianggap sebagai salah satu bahan pangan fungsional karena memiliki komponen biokimia yang kompleks dan bermanfaat untuk kesehatan karena mempunyai aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk alternatif permen jelly yang memiliki manfaat kesehatan bagi tubuh yaitu antioksidan. Rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu penambahan bee pollen (2.5%, 3.5%, 4.5%) dan penambahan flavor (stroberi, jeruk, melon) digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Permen jelly bee pollen mengandung air 10.50-11.29% (bb), abu 0.08-0.18% (bk), protein 6.50-6.94% (bk), lemak 0.26-0.42% (bk), karbohidrat 81.74-82.04% (bk), serat kasar 0.40-0.61% (bk) dan mengandung asam amino esensial yang lengkap dengan asam amino pembatas Triptofan. Aktivitas antioksidan pada formula terpilih yaitu 120.29 mg AEAC/100g. Permen jelly dengan penambahan bee pollen memiliki potensi sebagai pangan fungsional terkait komposisi kimia yang terkandung didalamnya.
Keyword: Antioksidan, bee pollen, pangan fungsional, permen jelly

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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