Judul: Social Support, Husband-Wife Interaction, and Marital Quality on Long-Distance Marriage
Abstrak: Pernikahan jarak jauh merupakan fenomena menarik bagi para pemerhati kehidupan keluarga, karena jarak fisik yang berjauhan diduga berpengaruh terhadap keharmonisan keluarga. Ketika salah satu pasangan tidak bisa mendampingi keluarga dalam menghadapi problematika sehari-hari, maka untuk mempertahankan kualitas perkawinan, dibutuhkan dukungan sosial dari lingkungan keluarga dan kerabat dan interaksi suami-istri yang baik antarpasangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dukungan sosial dan interaksi suami-istri terhadap kualitas perkawinan pada pernikahan jarak jauh. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 146 orang suami dan istri yang bekerja di Lembaga negara X, berasal dari keluarga utuh, sudah memiliki anak, dan sedang menjalani pernikahan jarak jauh selama minimal 6 bulan. Responden dipilih secara purposive dan pengambilan data menggunakan google form. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dukungan sosial dan interaksi suami-istri yang dirasakan responden tergolong cukup baik. Setengah dari responden laki-laki memiliki kualitas perkawinan yang sangat baik, sementara lebih dari setengah responden perempuan memiliki kualitas perkawinan tergolong cukup baik. Hasil uji beda menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada interaksi suami-istri dan kualitas perkawinan dengan rataan laki-laki lebih tinggi daripada perempuan. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan semakin tinggi pendapatan responden, jumlah anak, dan dukungan sosial berhubungan dengan semakin tingginya kualitas perkawinan yang dirasakan. Adapun hasil uji regresi menunjukkan pada responden laki-laki, semakin kecil pendapatan, semakin banyak jumlah anak, semakin besar dukungan sosial yang dirasakan, dan semakin baik interaksi suami-istri akan semakin meningkatkan kualitas perkawinan., Long-distance marriage is an interesting phenomenon for family observers because physical distance could affect the family harmony. When one partner cannot accompany the family in dealing with daily problems, social support from the family and relatives and good husband-wife interaction between partners is needed to maintain the quality of the marriage. This study aims to analyze the effect of social support and husband-wife interaction on marital quality in long-distance marriages. Respondents in this study were 146 husbands and wives who worked at State Institution X, came from intact families, had children, and were currently in a long-distance marriage for at least 6 months. Respondents were selected purposively and data collection used the Google forms. Results showed that social support and husband-wife interaction felt by respondents were moderate. Half of male respondents had high marriage quality, while more than half of female respondents had moderate marriage quality. Comparative tests showed significant differences in interaction between husband and wife and the quality of marriage, with the average of male higher than female. Correlation test showed that higher income, number of children, and social support is associated with higher perceived marital quality. Regression test showed that for male respondents, lower income, more children, greater perceived social support, and better interaction between husband and wife will further improve marital quality.
Keyword: husband-wife interaction, long-distance marriage, marital quality, social support

Judul: The Influence of Marital Quality and Coping Strategy on Parenting Environment Quality in Long Distance Marriage Families
Abstrak: Long distance marriage menghadirkan tantangan dan perubahan bagi kehidupan keluarga baik dari segi kualitas perkawinan maupun kualitas pengasuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas perkawinan dan coping strategy terhadap kualitas pengasuhan pada keluarga long distance marriage. Pendekatan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain cross-sectional study. Penelitian ini melibatkan keluarga yang menjalani long distance marriage dengan kriteria minimal lama berpisah 1 bulan, mempunyai anak usia prasekolah (3-6 tahun), dan berdomisili di Kabupaten atau Kota Bogor. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu. Penarikan contoh dalam penelitian ini menggunakan non-probabilitiy sampling dengan teknik snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas perkawinan dan kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan tergolong sedang, sedangkan coping strategy tergolong rendah. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan lama berpisah berhubungan negatif signifikan dan problem-focused coping berhubungan positif signifikan dengan kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan. Usia ibu berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan kebahagiaan perkawinan. Kepuasan dan kebahagiaan perkawinan berhubungan positif signifikan dengan kualitas perkawinan. Problem-focused coping dan emotion-focused coping berhubungan positif signifikan dengan coping strategy. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan lama berpisah berpengaruh negatif signifikan, sedangkan problem-focused coping dan jenis kelamin anak berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan. Tidak ditemukan adanya hubungan maupun pengaruh kualitas perkawinan terhadap kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan dalam penelitian ini., Long distance marriage evokes challenges and changes to family life in marital quality and parenting environment quality. This study analyzes the influence of marital quality and coping strategy on parenting environment quality in long distance marriage families. Research approach used is quantitative, with a cross-sectional study design. The study involved families who have been in long distance marriages for a minimum separation duration of 1 month, have preschool-aged children (3-6 years old), and live in Bogor Regency or City. Respondents were mothers. Sampling technique used is non-probability sampling with snowball sampling. The results indicate that marital quality and parenting environment quality are at moderate level, while coping strategy is at low level. The correlation test shows that separation duration and problem-focused coping has a significant relationship with parenting environment quality. Maternal age has a significant relationship with marital happiness. Marital satisfaction and happiness have a significant relationship with marital quality. Problem-focused coping and emotion-focused coping have a significant relationship with coping strategy. The regression test shows that separation duration, problem-focused coping and child’s gender have a significant effect on parenting environment quality. This study did not find any relationship or influence of marital quality on parenting environment quality.
Keyword: coping strategy, long distance marriage, marital quality, parenting environment quality

Judul: Gene Editing  of Two Cyanide Synthesis-related Genes in Cassava using CRISPR/Cas9
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) contain toxic quantities of cyanogenic glucoside. Reducing the potentially toxic cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava could be achieved by gene editing through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats – CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a high- precision genome editing technique in plants. Two cassava UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGT) paralogs, UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, are the genes catalyzing the synthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in plants. The study aimed to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant vector carrying single guide RNA (sgRNA) to edit UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 genes, and transform sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct into KU50 cassava calli. Five sgRNAs were designed, considering the on/off target efficiency score and GC content. Those sgRNAs were ligated into pRGEB32 plasmid and introduced to competent Escherichia coli DH5a. The PCR colony and DNA sequencing were performed to verify the sgRNA insert. The amplicons showed the expected band size of recombinant vector (180 bp). Based on sequencing results, only one sgRNA was successfully ligated into the plasmid that will be used to edit the UGT85K5 gene. The sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct in pRGEB32 plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into KU50 cassava calli through co-cultivation. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium occurred after the co-cultivation phase.
Keyword: CRISPR/Cas9, Cyanogenic glucoside, Gene editing, sgRNA