Judul: The Global Climate Prediction Data Association Analysis for Hotspots Using the Combined Empirical Orthogonal Function (CEOF)
Abstrak: Iklim global yang terdiri dari El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dan Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) memiliki dampak pada penurunan curah hujan di wilayah Indonesia. Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa ENSO dan IOD yang berasal dari dataset OISST memiliki keterkaitan dengan hotspot di Indonesia, khususnya di Sumatera bagian selatan dan Kalimantan. Namun hasil korelasinya terlalu kecil sehingga penelitian sebelumnya tidak difokuskan pada menganalisis kekuatan korelasi antar wilayah. Oleh karena itu, studi ini menghitung asosiasi estimasi ENSO dan IOD yang berasal dari dataset ERA5 pada hotspot di Indonesia berdasarkan Heterogeneous Correlation Map (HCM) dan menganalisis kekuatan korelasi antar wilayah di Indonesia. ERA5 merupakan data estimasi yang sering digunakan untuk analisis prakiraan cuaca. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ENSO lebih berasosiasi dengan titik api di Papua dan Kalimantan. Sebaliknya, IOD lebih dikaitkan dengan titik api di Sumatera bagian selatan. Selain itu, berdasarkan varians yang dijelaskan dan kekuatan korelasinya, hotspot di Indonesia lebih sensitif terhadap ENSO dan IOD yang berasal dari ERA5 daripada OISST., The global climate consisting of the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) has an impact on reducing rainfall in Indonesia. Previous researches have found that ENSO and IOD derived from the OISST dataset are correlated to hotspots in Indonesia, particularly in southern Sumatra and Kalimantan. However, their correlation is too small so that previous research was not focused on analyzing the strength of the correlation between regions. Therefore, this study calculates the association of ENSO and IOD estimation derived from the ERA5 dataset of hotspots in Indonesia based on the Heterogeneous Correlation Map (HCM) and analyzes the strength of the correlation among regions in Indonesia. Apart from OISST, ERA5 is an estimated data which is often used for weather forecast analysis. The result of the study shows that ENSO is more associated with hotspots in Papua and Kalimantan. In contrast, IOD is more associated with hotspots in southern Sumatra. In addition, based on the variance described and the strength of the correlation, hotspots in Indonesia are more sensitive to ENSO and IOD originating from ERA5 than OISST’s.
Keyword: ENSO, Heterogeneous correlation map, Hotspot, IOD, SVD

Judul: Heterogeneous Correlation Map between Regional and Local Climate Estimation Data on the Burned Areas in Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara dengan hutan hujan tropis terbesar ketiga di dunia, namun setengahnya sudah terdegradasi. Salah satu penyebabnya yaitu kebakaran hutan. Kebakaran hutan bisa disebabkan oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor manusia dan alam. Faktor alam salah satunya menurunnya curah hujan. Fenomena iklim regional (ENSO dan IOD) dan lokal (selat Karimata, selat Makassar, dan laut Arafura) merupakan salah satu penyebab menurunnya curah hujan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat keterkaitan data estimasi iklim regional terhadap data luas area terbakar di Indonesia dan melihat keterkaitan data estimasi iklim lokal terhadap luas area terbakar di wilayah sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Combined Empirical Orthogonal Function (CEOF) berbasis Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ENSO lebih memiliki korelasi terhadap luas area terbakar di Merauke, Sulawesi dan Kalimantan. Sementara itu, IOD lebih memiliki korelasi terhadap luas area terbakar di Sumatra bagian Selatan. Luas area terbakar di Riau berkorelasi sangat rendah terhadap iklim regional, baik ENSO maupun IOD. Luas area terbakar di Sumatra selain dipengaruhi oleh ENSO dan IOD, ternyata juga dipengaruhi oleh iklim lokal di selat Karimata. Sama halnya dengan luas area terbakar di Kalimantan dipengaruhi oleh iklim lokal di selat Makassar dan luas area terbakar di Merauke dipengaruhi oleh iklim lokal di laut Arafura., Indonesia is a country with the third largest tropical rainforest in the world, but half of the forest has already been degraded, one of the causes is forest fires. Forest fires can be caused by two factors, namely human and natural factors. One of the natural factors is the lack of rainfall. Regional (ENSO and IOD) and local climate phenomena (Karimata straits, Makassar straits, and Arafura seas) are some of the causes of the lack of rainfall in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the correlation of regional climate estimation data with data of burned areas in Indonesia and to analyze the correlation of local climate estimation data with data of burned areas in the surrounding area. This study uses the Combined Empirical Orthogonal Function (CEOF) method based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The result shows that ENSO has a better correlation with the burned area in Merauke, Sulawesi and Kalimantan. Meanwhile, IOD has a better correlation with the burned area in southern Sumatra. The burned area in Riau has a very low correlation with the regional climate, both ENSO and IOD. The burned area in Sumatra is not only influenced by ENSO and IOD, but it is also influenced by the local climate in the Karimata strait. Similarly, the burned area in Kalimantan is influenced by the local climate in the Makassar Strait and the burned area in Merauke is influenced by the local climate in the Arafura Sea.
Keyword: ENSO, IOD, burned area, CEOF, SVD

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography