Judul: Kasus Mastitis Subklinis pada Kambing Perah di PT. Taurus Dairy Farm Sqkabumi, Menggunakan Pereaksi IPB-1 dan Metode Breed.
Abstrak: Salah satu sumber protein hewani yang mudah dikembangbiakkan adalah ternak kambing. Disamping dagingnya, ternak kambing juga menghasilkan susu yang berguna untulc kesehatan tubuh. Susu kambing sebagai minuman yang bergizi tinggi maka sudah selayaknya hams dipasarkan dengan bersih, sehat dan bebas dari kuman-kuman patogen serta bakteri (Murtidjo, 1 993). Susu tersebut terutama diperoleh dari kambing perah yang sehat dengan penanganan yang baik mulai dari pemerahan sampai pemasaran.
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Judul: The Relationship Between Using Breed Method with IPB-1 Mastitis Test for Sub-clinical Mastitis Detection.
Abstrak: Mastitis merupakan infeksi atau peradangan pada jaringan interna ambing yang ditandai dengan perubahan kualitas maupun perubahan produksi susu. Kasus mastitis terbesar adalah mastitis subklinis, karena pada kejadian mastitis subklinis tidak ditandai perubahan fisik ambing dan susu sehingga menyulitkan dalam deteksi. Tindakan pencegahan dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik deteksi mastitis lebih dini, terutama untuk mastitis subklinis. Deteksi mastitis subklinis dapat dilakukan dengan pemeriksaan mikrobiologi dan penghitungan jumlah sel somatis dalam susu. Pemeriksaan sampel susu untuk menghitung jumlah sel somatis dilakukan secara langsung dan tidak langsung. Pemeriksaan secara langsung menggunakan metode Breed dan pemeriksaan tidak langsung dengan menggunakan uji mastitis IPB-1. Kedua metode tersebut digunakan untuk mendiagnosa mastitis subklinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara penggunaan metode Breed dengan uji mastitis IPB-1 untuk diagnosa mastitis subklinis berdasarkan jumlah sel somatis. Metode dalam penelitian ini meliputi pengambilan sampel susu di Kawasan Usaha Peternakan (KUNAK) Cibungbulang, Bogor sebanyak 205 sampel dari 54 ekor sapi. Pengambilan sampel disesuaikan dengan jadwal pemerahan di peternakan. Pengambilan sampel susu dilakukan secara aseptis, dan volume yang diambil ±10 ml. Pengujian sampel susu dilakukan di Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sampel susu diuji menggunakan metode Breed sebagai golden standard dan uji mastitis IPB-1. Pengambilan data dengan kuisioner juga dilakukan terhadap peternak yang diambil sampel susunya. Pengambilan data dengan kuisioner ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi tentang tata laksana peternakan sapi perah yang diterapkan oleh peternak. Data dianalisis dengan melihat tingkat spesifisitas dan sensitivitas dari setiap uji berdasarkan pada jumlah sel somatis dengan menggunakan metode Breed sebagai metode baku uji. Semua data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis menggunakan uji asosiasi dan pengukuran kesesuaian menggunakan uji Kappa.
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Judul: Mixed effect models for high –dimensional longitudinal data with latent variables
Abstrak: A set of data that consist of repeated measurements on a large number of outcomes and covariates are known as high-dimensional longitudinal data. The high-dimensional longitudinal data may consist of several effects of interest that cannot be directly measured, known as latent factors or latent variables. During the last decade, the multivariate responses or high-dimensional in longitudinal data have been a big issue. The analysis of high-dimensional longitudinal data is complicated due to its complex correlation structures between outcomes. To understand changes over time of outcome variables, having correlations in individuals with explanatory variables is not enough. Hence, complex correlation structures between outcomes need to be considered. One approach that is commonly used to overcome high-dimensional longitudinal data is simultaneous equation modeling. A well-known simultaneous equation modeling method is the structural equation model (SEM). This approach has several appealing modeling abilities and can be used for high-dimensional longitudinal data. Under the SEM framework, the continuous time SEM is developed to avoid some issues associated with autoregressive and cross-lagged problems in SEM. Another simultaneous equation modeling method is by combining factor analysis and multivariate analysis methods to overcome high dimensional longitudinal data, namely latent factor linear mixed model (LFLMM). The factor analysis is used to reduce the high-dimensional outcomes, and the multivariate linear mixed model is used to study the longitudinal trends of several latent factors. One example of high-dimensional longitudinal data is the General Election Study. This study is carried out repeatedly to observe tendencies towards political attitudes and behavior over time in Belgium. The data contain political information, knowledge, perceptions, and preferences of a political party and the level of participation in politics. One of the most interesting things to study from the data is to analyze the change of political attitudes and behavior of respondents over time. Also, the relationship of changes in these outcomes is important to analyze. The General Election Study in Belgium was designed to include a representative sample of the target population under the Belgian electorate, so accurate estimates about the population could be made. This sampling design was created by the Institute for Social and Political Opinion (ISPO) and the Inter-university Center for Political Opinion Research (PIOP). The Belgian data set contained three subsamples, the Flemish (Dutch-speaking), the Walloon (French-speaking), and the Brussels Capital Region (Dutch and French-speaking). Several studies conducted on the Belgium data are carried out to understand the relationships between the latent variables Individualism (I), Ethnocentrism (E), and Authoritarianism (A) in Flanders. Cross-sectional or a longitudinal studies have also been carried out. In such cases, it is critical to capture the trend of the latent variables over time and, more importantly, whether there is any association or relationships between the development of nationalism (N), ethnocentrism (E), individualism (I), and authoritarianism (A) in Belgium. An empirical analysis of CT-SEM has been done to present the interdependencies among the four latent variables mentioned above on the basis of the General Election Studies for Belgium in 1991, 1995, and 1999 (Interuniversitair steunpunt politieke-opinieonderzoek, 1991, 1995, 1999). Although the four variables have been the subject of
Keyword: Belgium, CT-SEM, high-dimensional longitudinal data, LFLMM, Supplemented EM Algorithm