Judul: Analisis Struktur Anatomi Dan Histokimia Tanaman Sirih Merah (Piper Crocatum Ruitz & Pav) Dan Sirih Rimau (Piper Porphyrophyllum N.E.Br)
Abstrak: Sirih merupakan tanaman yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bahan obat. Secara morfologi Piper crocatum memiliki kemiripan dengan Piper porphyrophyllum dalam hal bentuk daun dan batang, duduk daun serta warna permukaan daun. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari struktur anatomi, mengidentifikasi struktur sekretori, dan mengetahui kandungan dalam struktur sekretori untuk membedakan kedua spesies Piper tersebut. Pengamatan struktur anatomi, sekretori, dan uji histokimia dilakukan pada daun, tangkai daun, dan batang. Daun Piper crocatum memiliki epidermis atas berbentuk kubus, hipodermis atas tersusun atas 1 lapis jaringan, terdapat kanal lendir dan kristal. Tangkai daun Piper crocatum memiliki bentuk epidermis yang bervariasi dari persegi panjang hingga kubus. Daun Piper porphyrophyllum memiliki penonjolan epidermis membentuk papil, memiliki 1-2 lapis jaringan hipodermis atas dan terdapat trikoma non kelenjar berupa trikoma tektor. Tangkai daun Piper porphyrophyllum memiliki epidermis berbentuk persegi panjang dan terdapat trikoma tektor. Batang kedua spesies ini dibedakan berdasarkan keberadaan trikoma non kelenjar. Trikoma non kelenjar berupa tektor hanya ditemukan pada batang Piper porphyrophyllum. Struktur sekretori pada daun berupa trikoma biseluler dan idioblas, sedangkan pada tangkai daun dan batang hanya ditemukan sel idioblas. Hasil uji histokimia menunjukkan adanya senyawa alkaloid, terpenoid, lipofilik, fenol, dan flavonoid yang terdapat pada trikoma kelenjar dan sel idioblas.
Keyword: histokimia, idioblas, Piper crocatum, Piper porphyrophyllum, trikoma biseluler

Judul: Profil Flavonoid, Tanin, dan Alkaloid dari Ekstrak Daun Sirih Merah (Piper crocatum)
Abstrak: Piper crocatum is Indonesia’s medicinal plant that has been proven to have anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidative, and anticancer activities. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine and analyze flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid profiles of 30 % ethanol and water extracts of Piper crocatum leaves. Flavonoid, tannin, and alkaloid profiles were measured using spectrophotometry, titrimetry, gravimetry and LC-MS techniques. Phytochemical identification proved that both of extracts contain flanovoids, tannins, and alkaloids. Measurement of flavonoids quantitatively showed that the highest value was found in ethanol 30 % extract, 6.09 ± 0.26 mg QE/g. The highest quantitative tannin and alkaloid present in the water extract with a value of 3.97 ± 0.08 mg/g and 543.75 ± 3.17 mg/g. LC-MS analyze, the highest flavonoid compounds expected in water extract. The highest tannin and alkaloid compounds were expected in ethanol 30 % extract.
Keyword: tannins., Piper crocatum, flavonoids, alkaloids

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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