Judul: Analisis Ketimpangan Perekonomian Pada Provinsi di Pulau Jawa Sebelum dan Setelah Otonomi Daerah, Serta Solusi Dengan Peningkatan Pendapatan dari Sektor Basis
Abstrak: The level of income inequality in Java and outside Java in aftermath of regional autonomy are worse before decentralization, where the average index of income inequality on the Java is higher than the outside. The data that used is The Gross Regional Income in 33 provinces in Indonesia, Gross Domestic Regional Bruto from 9 economics sectors in Java and the population of each province in Indonesia. The analysis tools used are Williamson Index Analysis, Shift-share Analysis, and Location Quotion (LQ). From the result of this study, there are six sectors base on the Java, they are The processing Industry, The Electricity, Gas And Water, The Trade, Hotel and Restaurant, are able to reduce the level of inequality. Three other sectors are The Transportation and Communication, The Bank and Other Financial Institution, and The Service Sector, which actually increase the level of income inequality in Java
Keyword: Williamson Index, Decentralization, Income Inequality

Judul: Convergence and the Factors that Influence Regional Inequality of District Level in Java
Abstrak: Pulau Jawa merupakan wilayah yang menjadi pusat pemerintahan sekaligus perekonomian di Indonesia dengan perkembangan yang pesat sehingga menyebabkan bias pembangunan Jawa – luar Jawa semakin besar. Pelaksanaan desentralisasi fiskal menempatkan kebijakan fiskal pada level kabupaten/kota pada posisi penting dalam upaya pengembangan wilayah yang lebih luas dan konstelasi kota-kota sekitarnya. Kondisi ekonomi yang bersifat struktural di setiap daerah juga dikaitkan dengan beragamnya faktor endowment yang dimiliki setiap daerah, yang dapat memicu terjadinya ketimpangan antar wilayah. Dinamika pendapatan antar wilayah selama ini dianalisis dengan menggunakan data PDRB yang menunjukkan potensi daerah dalam proses produksi. Data ini kurang dapat merepresentasikan kemampuan masyarakatnya dalam mencapai kesejahteraan. Analisis konvergensi wilayah berdasarkan data tersebut perlu dibandingkan dengan melihat pendapatan masyarakat, yang diproksi dengan menggunakan pendekatan pengeluaran rumah tangga. Penelitian ini pada intinya bertujuan (1) menggambarkan ketimpangan wilayah di Pulau Jawa; (2) menguji konvergensi wilayah kabupaten/kota dan membandingkan fenomena konvergensi antar provinsi di Pulau Jawa dikaji dari pendekatan pendapatan regional dan pendekatan pengeluaran rumah tangga; dan (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ketimpangan wilayah di Pulau Jawa. Ruang lingkup penelitian adalah seluruh kabupaten/kota di Pulau Jawa kecuali DKI Jakarta, dengan menggabungkan daerah-daerah pemekaran untuk menjamin konsistensi data sehingga analisis penelitian diagregasi menjadi 105 wilayah. Periode waktu penelitian adalah 9 tahun, mulai dari diimplementasikannya desentralisasi fiskal yaitu dari tahun 2001 – 2009., Java is the centre of governance and also economic activity, so then its growth is faster than other islands in Indonesia. Implementation of fiscal decentralization policy since 2001 placing the district government as the important position on regional growth. The purpose of this study is analyse the income convergency using Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) and household expenditure. Those two proxy variable was used to compare convergency. The result finds that no income convergency when using GDRP, meanwhile there is convergency process when using household expenditure with FD-GMM estimation technique. The biggest speed of convergence for provinces in Java happened in West Java, that was influenced on manufacture sector. Applying static panels, we obtain that Java income inequality is affected by manufacture share, labour education rate, number of public health centre, electricity energy and water infrastructure. On the other hand, increasing household expenditure is only affected by a rise of labour education.
Keyword: 

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography