Judul: Amplifikasi gen penyandi hemolysin dari bakteri vibrio harveyi dengan teknik PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)
Abstrak: Vibriosis disease which is caused by lumiunescent Vibrio harveyi until today become a trouble in the cultivation of vannamei shrimp. When the epidemic occurs and the density of bacterial population reachs in thousands times, it causes the mass mortality of the shrimp larvae. Therefore the diagnose method that can accurately and quickly detect this bacterial pathogen is absolutely required. One of method that commonly used is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)-based method. The objective of this research was to evaluate the primer pair application targeted the hemolysin gene, so that primer pair which has been designed can successfully amplify and therefore can detect the presence of hemolysin gene in V. harveyi. This primer pair was designed from the local vannamei strain isolated from Indonesia. Eight vibrio isolates obtained from shrimp, were used in this study. After the cell morphologically tested with Gram staining, then the following methods were applied as follows ; optical density count, hemolysin test, DNA extraction and PCR method optimalization. The result of blood hemolysis test showed that all of V. harveyi isolates produced clear zones surround their colonies on blood agar medium. The PCR result using Myhemo primer pair of F1 5’-GATGGTCAGTGCCTCTCA-3’(forward) and R1 5’- CCCAGTTGTATAGCGGTA-3’(reverse) successfully amplified the hemolysin gene of isolates V-U5 and V-U24 in size of approximately of 518 bp. The PCR programme used in this study was at the following conditions ; DNA denaturation at 94oC for 1 min, primer annealing at 50oC for 1 min and DNA extension at 72 oC for 1min as many as 35 cycles.
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Judul: Isolation and Identification of Pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus in Shrimp Culture
Abstrak: Vibrio parahaemolyticus (Vp) is a halophilic bacterium found in brackish water and is the leading cause of gastroenteritis due to seafood consumption. In Indonesia presence of this pathogen in seafood has caused several export rejection. This research aimed to identify presence of pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus from shrimp cultured in traditional and intensive ponds. Bacterial isolation was carried out using FDA BAM (2004), phenotypic characterization was done using API 20E biochemical test kit and genetic characterization was conducted with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using a pair of specific primer for each virulent factor gene (tdh and trh genes). Biochemical identification with API 20E biochemical test showed that 16/32(50%) and 6/32 (18.8%) shrimp samples from traditional and intensive ponds contained Vibrio parahaemolyticus, respectively. Eighty one percent (13/16) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated from traditional pond and 50% (3/6) of those obtained from intensive pond were pathogenic due to their possesion of tdh gene. When gen encoding trh was used as the basis for classification, 15/16 (93.8%) and 4/6 ( 66.7%) of Vibrio parahaemolyticus obtained from traditional and intensive ponds, respectively, were pathogenic . Out of the 22 Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolates, 16 (72.7%) were pathogenic based on the possesion of gene encoding for tdh and 19 (86.4%) can be classified as pathogen based on the trh gene. Overall, pathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus was found at a frequency of 13-15/32 (43%) of the shrimp samples from traditional pond while 3-4/32 (11%) was found in shrimps from intensive pond, respectively
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Judul: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi persepsi perempuan sunda terhadap kepemimpinan perempuan : kasus Desa Cikarawang, Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Partisipasi perempuan di bidang politik masih sangat terbatas, kepemimpinan publik masih bias gender. Mayoritas jabatan pemimpin di bidang publik masih dipegang oleh laki-laki. Berdasarkan data Biro Pusat Statistik (BPS) tahun 2002 mengenai profil wanita Indonesia, jumlah perempuan yang menjabat sebagai Kepala Desa (Kades) pada tahun 2000 adalah 1.559 orang dari 68.347 jabatan Kades di seluruh Indonesia. Berdasarkan perbandingan tesebut, berarti hanya terdapat dua persen Kades perempuan, sementara 98 persen sisanya posisi Kades masih dijabat laki-laki. Persepsi bahwa laki-laki adalah pemimpin sedangkan perempuan adalah pengikut, masih kental terdapat dalam masyarakat Indonesia (Cicik, F., E Sofia, dan RB Munti, 2003). Hal ini kemudian menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya kecenderungan untuk lebih memilih laki-laki dari pada perempuan sebagai pemimpin. Dengan sistem demokrasi yang dianut oleh Bangsa Indonesia, maka kepemimpinan publik yang terdapat dalam masyarakat menjadi bias gender. Budaya Sunda merupakan salah satu budaya di Indonesia yang cenderung patriarkis. Perempuan menempati posisi yang subordinat dari laki-laki (Mugnesiyah, 1984 dalam Sayogyo, 1986). Pola relasi gender yang dianut juga masih membagi peran yang tegas antara laki-laki dan perempuan. Perempuan bertanggung jawab di sektor domestik, dan laki-laki di sektor ekstra domestik (Sayogyo, 1980). ...
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