Judul: Tingkat Stres Dan Strategi Koping Ibu Pada Keluarga Dengan Anak Retardasi Mental
Abstrak: Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat stres dan strategi koping ibu pada keluarga dengan anak retardasi mental. Secara kbusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetabui : 1) karakteristik ke[uarga, karakteristik anak, dan karakteristik ibu, 2) dukungan keluarga, kondisi psikososial anak, dan persepsi ibu, 3) hubungan antara karakterlstik keluarga dengan dukungan keluarga, karakteristik anak dengan kondisi psikososial anak, dan karakteristik ibu dengan persepsi ibu, 4) tingkat stres ibu, 5) hubungan antara dukungan keluarga, kondisi psikososial anak, dan persepsi ibu dengan tingkat stres ibn, 6) strategi koping ibu, dan 7) hubungan antara tingkat stres dengan strategi koping stres ibu.
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Judul: Tingkat Stres, Strategi Koping, dan Kebahagiaan Remaja pada Keluarga Utuh dan Keluarga Bercerai
Abstrak: Masa remaja merupakan masa transisi anak-anak menuju dewasa yang dalam tahapannya membutuhkan perhatian orang tua ketika menghadapi krisis. Remaja dari keluarga bercerai lebih rentan terhadap stres dibanding remaja dari keluarga utuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh tingkat stres, strategi koping, terhadap kebahagiaan remaja pada keluarga utuh dan keluarga bercerai. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah remaja yang bersekolah di SMK Swasta, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Kota Bogor. Contoh dipilih dengan teknik convenience yang melibatkan 60 siswa dari beberapa sekolah. Data dikumpulkan dengan teknik self-report secara terpimpin. Variabel tingkat stres, strategi koping, dan kebahagiaan dikumpulkan menggunakan alat bantu kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan tingkat stres, penggunaan problem focused coping dan kebahagiaaan remaja dari keluarga utuh dan keluarga bercerai. Selanjutnya terdapat perbedaan penggunaan emotional focused coping remaja dari keluarga utuh dan keluarga bercerai. Remaja dari keluarga utuh menerapkan emotional focused coping lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan remaja dari keluarga bercerai. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh tingkat stres dan emotional focused coping terhadap kebahagiaan remaja. Tingkat stres yang tinggi akan menurunkan kebahagiaan remaja dan penggunaan emotional focused coping yang baik akan meningkatkan kebahagiaan remaja.
Keyword: kebahagiaan, keluarga bercerai, strategi koping, tingkat stres

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable