Judul: Efektivitas Pupuk Majemuk Lepas Terkendali (PMLT) Enriched Humic Substances (EnricHS) PMF, Perangsang Bintil Akar Dan Pelarut Fospat RhiPhosant Pada Tanaman Kedelai (Glycine max (L.)Merrill) Di Tanah Ultisol
Abstrak: In Indonesia, the soybean national productions is not enough to fulfill the consumptions. High fertilization cost needs. To increase fertilizer efficiency, one of the effort is using Controlled Release Compound Fertilizers. Beside that, to support the sustainable agriculture, nowadays there are many ways to use biofertilizer that involving microbe inoculation. The objective of this research was to determine the effectivity of controlled release compound fertilizers EnricHS PMF, rhizobial and phosphate solubilizing inoculants RhiPhosant on soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) in Ultisol. Completely randomized designed with two Factors were used in this research to see the effectivity of fertilizer and RhiPhosant. The combination of factors were fertilizer formula (F1, F2,F3) and one RhiPhosant inoculant (RO and RI) were applied to observe the response of plant nutrient concentration and soybeans yield in greenhouse experiment.
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Judul: Teknologi formulasi pupuk hayati rizobakteria dan aplikasinya sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai dan biofungisida pada tanah masam
Abstrak: Soybean production in Indonesia is still low, therefore Indonesian government must import soybean from other countries up to 45-50% to fulfill national requirement. This is a problem that should be solved through many approaches. One of the approach to increase soybean production through the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that have been understood important in plant health and fitness. Our previous study resulted several indigenous strains of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. from soybean rhizosphere that are combined with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum from soybean plant. The combinations of these bacteria were potential as plant growth promoter and biocontrol for root phytopathogenic fungi (biofungicide). For further use of these rhizobacteria, need to be developed bioprocess technology for formulation of inoculants production to increase soybean productivity. Objective of this research was to made biofertilizer containing rhizobacteria to be applied on soybean in acid soils. This research was conducted in 3 stages; optimalization media production in laboratory, formulation and bioassay in the greenhouse. The best medium for inoculants production are skim milk and molasses that produce bacterial population of 108-109 cfu/ml. Peat and talcum powder were used to formulation as carrier material. Three kind of prototype were produced; there were M-Sr (isolate Cr24, Crb17 dan Bj11); M-Rs (isolate Cr55, Crb64 dan Bj11); dan M-Fo (isolate Cr76, Crb86 dan Bj11). Each inoculant formed to three forms of formulations; there were granules (G), talc powder (T) and peat powder (S). Greenhouse test showed that several combinations of bacteria in the formula can stimulate the height of soybean plant, root weight, and plant performance. The biofertilizer applied with doses 400 g/ha for talc powder and peat powder. Rhizobakteria inoculants can be used as biofungicide. Disease suppression on Sclerotium roflsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum respectively 79.98%, 27.27%, 50.12%. Storage up to 6 months was still able to maintain the bacterial population to 107-108 cells/g. Based on this result, we will asses this formula in field experiments under acid soils.
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Judul: Perbandingan Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Komodo (Varanus komodoensis) dan Biawak Air (Varanus salvator).
Abstrak: Komodo dan biawak air diklasifikasikan dalam Ordo Squamata dan Famili Varanidae. Meskipun kedua hewan ini termasuk dalam ordo dan famili yang sama tetapi perannya di alam berbeda. Komodo sebagai predator utama memiliki ukuran tengkorak yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ukuran tengkorak biawak air yang berperan sebagai predator opportunistik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari komparasi karakteristik struktur skelet kepala komodo (Varanus komodoensis) dengan skelet kepala biawak air (Varanus salvator). Struktur kepala ini dikaitkan dengan fungsi skelet kepala untuk mendukung perilaku sehari-hari. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara mengamati dan mengukur tulang-tulang penyusun skelet kepala komodo dan biawak air, serta mengamati perilaku sehari-hari kedua hewan melalui pengamatan video. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ukuran skelet kepala komodo memiliki panjang 21.9 cm, lebar 11.6 cm, dan tinggi 8.9 cm. Skelet kepala biawak air memiliki panjang 16.0 cm, lebar 7.0 cm, dan tinggi 5.0 cm. Komodo memiliki gigi marginal dan lingual dengan tipe gigi pleurodont dan ziphodont, yaitu bentuk gigi seperti pedang dan melengkung ke arah lateral. Biawak air memiliki gigi marginal dengan tipe pleurodont yang tumbuh disamping rahang dengan satu gigi pengganti pada setiap gigi marginal. Hubungan antar tulang penyusun skelet kepala komodo relatif longgar dan memiliki os temporale yang sangat berkembang, sehingga pembukaan mulut komodo sangat lebar dibandingkan biawak air yang tidak memiliki kraniokinesis. Kedua hewan ini memiliki canalis intercisivum yang terdapat pada palatum durum menghubungkan cavum oris dan cavum nasi. Secara fungsional, saluran ini dikaitkan dengan kemampuan penciuman yang tajam karena saluran ini berhubungan dengan organ vomeronasale. Perbedaan struktur skelet kepala komodo dan biawak air berperan dalam melakukan aktifitas sehari-hari kedua hewan ini.
Keyword: perbandingan skelet kepala, komodo, biawak air