Judul: Green city model of Bandung Regency West Java
Abstrak: Urban development in Bandung Regency has been responsible for the urban heat island effect and increased of air temperature due to increased CO2 emissions from motor vehicles, human population and industries. Other then these, urban heat island was also caused by increasing built ups and declining green open spaces leading to decreased albedo while in turn raised the air temperature. Urban heat island should be managed through studying the related variables. The purpose of this study was to assess the heat island city and create a green city model. This green city model is expected to be the basis to make policy for green growth based development to create Bandung regency as a green city. The research was conducted by collecting secondary data (socio-economic conditions, number of vehicles, industry, population), and primary data through field’s measurements of micro climate, crowns density, quantities of motor vehicles, direct interviews with residents of Bandung Regency, and analyzing the distribution of air temperature. The results of this research, especially the study of the conditions of heat island effect, indicated that Bandung Regency has experiencing urban heat island effect, where the air temperature in urban centers (27,0 °C) were higher than in rural areas (20,0 °C). The difference between the highest and lowest air temperature was 7 °C. The research also suggested that higher percentage of land built ups would result in lower percentage of green open spaces, thus higher CO2 emissions which would caused an increase of areas with high temperature. Research Area I has the highest percentage (60%) of develop area and the lowest percentage (29%) of green open space and also high CO2 emissions (503,987 tons CO2/year). This causes the region has most extensive area (161.59 ha) with high temperature (air temperature > 27 º C) in comparison with Research Area II and III. Urban heat island problems can be solved by building a green open space. Based on the measurements of micro climate in several types of green open space, it can be concluded that green open spaces including urban forest are very important in overcoming urban heat island, because they can lower the air temperature. Urban forest is known to be more effective in resolving urban heat island issues than any other types of green open spaces. Based on the results of simulations model, green scenarios can be used as a tool to determine alternative policies to address urban heat island issue. Green scenario could hold back the occurrence of ≥30°C air temperature. The temperature would occur on 2054 in Research Area I, after 2058 in Research Area II, and on 2056 in Research Area III. Although the factors which influence heat island had been well managed (using green scenario), nevertheless urban areas which already had high percentage of developed area, low percentage of green open space, and high CO2 emissions, would still generate a condition of ≥30°C air temperature on a faster rate (for example Research Area I).
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Judul: Study of Green Open Space's Development as a Mitigation of Urban Heat Island in Depok Cityscape, West Java
Abstrak: Depok City is a one of Satelit’s Jakarta which had its own problematique that related to green open space’s transisitions to built up area as a consequency of population’s increasingly throughout urbanization. Therefore, study about development of green open space (GOS) at any landscape typologi should be held holistically that implicate citizens, local government, and stakeholders, so the enhancement of UHI intensity could be prevented as soon as possible. GOS developments at private and public area are also should be appropriate to Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) on between 2012 and 2032. The symptom of UHI intensity could be detected by using Landsat 7 ETM+ and Landsat 8 OLI-TIRS mechanism on path 122 and row 64 which showed us the degradation of vegetation area since 2016 till 2021. On 2011, vegetation’s commodious of the city is 44,86%; 33,98% on 2016; and then decrease to 29,20% on 2021. In otherwise, the extended of built up area increase significantly on the same time. The result report that built up area’s commodious on 2016 is 17,80%; 29,59% on 2016; and then 37,03% on 2021. This transition is also making vegetation area which had high density to very high density decrease revelatory on between 2011 and 2021. The high density vegetation on 2011 is 1549,64 ha; but unfortunately it was decrease to 917,34 ha on 2016; and redecrease to 698,25 ha on 2021. On the same moment, very high density vegetation had also decreasing continously from 2.184,71 ha on 2011; 2.086;92 ha on 2016; and 1.199,42 ha on 2021. The diminish of vegetations had caused by the escalation of Land Surface Temperature (LST), and city temperature revelatory. Every alleviation of 1,76 ha GOS can improve LST till 0,11ºC, and city temperature till 0,17ºC. As we know, the percentage of LST which had range 27ºC until more than 33ºC is 5,59% on 2011; then rising revelatory till 15,04% on 2016; and 27,97% on 2021. The highest priority of GOS’s development would be applied at any sub-districts that gain highest class of UHI intensity (4th class), such as Beji, Cimanggis, Cipayung, Pancoran Mas, and Sukmajaya which had high density of built up area. The application of GOS’s development through inculcation of plants which having high density canopy in many stratification should be applied, so the surface temperature of the city could be decreased 1,04ºC and the average temperature of whole city would be repaired to 1,61ºC.
Keyword: green open space, Landsat 8, land surface temperature, urban heat island, Landsat 7

Judul: Isolasi komponen hemotoksin bisa ular kobra (Naja naja sputatrix)
Abstrak: Elisa ular adalah racun yang diproduksi oleh kelenjar bisa dan digunakan ular untuk mempertahankan dinat mencari mangsa. Bisa ini merupakan campuran dari berbagai komponen. Enzim adalah kompoth utama selain air. Enzim pada bisa ular sangat beragam jenis dan fungsinya. Fosfolipase dan arginin ipadase adalah enzim yang sering terdapat dalam bisa ular dan telah digunakan pada penanganan penyak seperti trombosis Penttian ini bertujuan mengisolasi komponen dari bisa ular kobra dan mengujinya menggunakan sel darah merah sapi 4% untuk aktivitas hemolisis dan bekuan fibrin sapi untuk aktivitas fibrinolisis. Uji aktivitas dilakukan terhadap ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom bisa ular. Fraksi kolom diperoleh dari pemurutan ekstrak kasar menggunakan kromatografi filtrasi gel (Sephadex G-75) untuk memperoleh fraksa paksu dengan serapan tertinggi pada A. 280 nm. Ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom dengan serapan tertinggi dilakukan pengukuran kandungan protein, Fraksi aktif hasil uji aktivitas selanjutnya ditentukan berat molekulnya (BM) dengan elektroforesis SDS PAGE. Basaglar kobra merupakan cairan pekat berwarna kuning dengan kadar air 71.45%. Dari hasil uji aktivitas diperoleh bisa ular hanya memiliki aktivitas hemolisis sel darah merah sapi secara langsung. Aktivitas ini ditunjukkan oleh fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 tetapi tidak dalam ekstrak kasar. Penurunan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar tidak mempengaruhi terhadap adanya aktivitas hemolisis. Hal ini diduga karena mungkin terdapat inhibitor dalam ekstrak kasar bisa. Inhibitor memiliki BM yang berbeda dengan enzim hemalisis sehingga dapat dipisahkan menggunakan filtrasi gel. Berdasarkan hasil elektroforesis diperolch enzim bemolisis terdapat dalam ekstrak kasar dan tersebar pada fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 dengan BM sekitar 27300 Da
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