Judul: Pengaruh Infrastruktur terhadap Produk Domestik Regional Bruto per Kapita Kabupaten Tertinggal dan Non-Tertinggal di Indonesia
Abstrak: Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per Capita acts as a benchmark for the level of economic well being of the population of a country. Higher Gross Domestic Product per Capita indicates better welfare of a country. However, this statement seems like cannot be well adapted in Indonesia. It can be proved by the large number of disadvantaged districts. Great number of disadvantaged districts in Indonesia is an evidence of unequal Regional Gross Domestic Product (RGDP) for each district that is promoted by unbalanced infrastructure availability. This research was conducted using Data Panel Method for 159 districts in Indonesia for the periode of 2009 until 2011, consisting 119 non-disadvantaged districts and 40 disadvantaged districts. The independent variables used in this research are the number of schools (LNSCHOOL), household access to electricity (LISTRIK), household access to clean water (AIR), the ratio of hospital beds to size (LNRS), and length of roads under good and moderate condition. While the dependent variable is Regional Gross Domestic Bruto per Capita (LNPDRBK). Result of this research shows that access for school, hospital, and road have higher influence for disadvantaged areas, while access for electricity influences significantly to nondisadvantaged areas., Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) per kapita merupakan salah satu tolak ukur tingkat kesejahteraan ekonomi penduduk suatu negara. Semakin besar PDB per kapita maka akan semakin makmur negara tersebut. Nampaknya pernyataan ini belum berlaku di Indonesia. Hal ini dapat dibuktikan dengan masih banyaknya jumlah daerah tertinggal di Indonesia. Masih banyaknya daerah tertinggal merupakan bukti masih terjadinya ketimpangan PDRB per kapita antarkabupaten yang salah satunya disebabkan oleh perbedaan ketersediaan infrastruktur. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Data Panel pada 159 kabupaten di Indonesia tahun 2009-2011 dengan rincian 119 kabupaten non-tertinggal dan 40 kabupaten tertinggal. Variabel bebas yang digunakan yaitu jumlah sekolah (LNSCHOOL), akses rumah tangga terhadap listrik (LISTRIK), akses rumah tangga terhadap air bersih (AIR), rasio ranjang rumah sakit terhadap populasi (LNRS), dan panjang jalan menurut kondisi baik dan sedang (LNJLN). Sementara variabel terikat yang digunakan yaitu PDRB per kapita (LNPDRBK). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ketersediaan sekolah, rumah sakit, dan jalan lebih besar pengaruhnya di kabupaten tertinggal, sementara ketersediaan listrik lebih besar pengaruhnya di kabupaten non -tertinggal.
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Judul: Keterkaitan antara Infrastruktur dan Pendapatan per Kapita: Perbandingan Daerah Kaya dan Miskin di Indonesia 2003-2012
Abstrak: Income per capita is one of indicators to measure the performance of an economy in a country. Although in general income per capita in Indonesia always increases every year, but it is not followed by income equality among the provinces. Income disparity among provinces happens because of infrastructure disparity, both quantity and quality. This research used panel data method for 30 provinces in Indonesia on 2003-2012, consisting 15 rich provinces with high income per capita and 15 poor provinces with low income per capita. Dependent variable in this research is income per capita (PDRBK), while the independent variables are water (AIR), electricity (LSTRK), length of roads (LNJLN), school (LNSKLH), and hospital beds (LNBED). The results of this research show that all of the infrastructure variables have positive and significant effect on income per capita except for water in Indonesia in general and provinces with high income per capita, then length of roads in provinces with low income per capita. Income per capita in Indonesia in general and provinces with high income per capita is sensitive to the availability of economic infrastructure, while income per capita in provinces with low income per capita is sensitive to availability of social infrastructure.
Keyword: Panel data, Infrastructure, Income per capita

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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