Judul: Kajian Efisiensi Sistem Pengolahan Air Limbah PT. UNITEX Serta Dampaknya Terhadap Perairan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji : (a) tingkat efisiensi masingmasing unit pengolahan air limbah PT. UNITEX (b) kualitas air limbah olahannya dikaitkan dengan baku mutu air limbah olahan industri tekstil yang ditetapkan Pemerintah RI (c) volume dan cara penanganan by product (berupa lumpur kimia dan biologi) dari hasil pengolahan air limbah PT. UNITEX (d) besarnya kontribusi bahan pencemar (berasal dari air limbah terolah PT. UNITEX) terhadap badan air penerima. Penelitian ini dilakukan di IPAL PT. UNITEX Jln. Raya Tajur No. 1 Bogor, pada April – Juli 2009. Pengambilan air contoh dilakukan di tiga titik IPAL PT. UNITEX yaitu pada inlet, aerasi dan outlet sebanyak enam kali pengamatan, serta tiga titik Sungai Cibudig yaitu 20 m sebelum saluran akhir air limbah olahan PT. UNITEX , 20 m dan 200 m setelah saluran akhir air limbah olahan PT. UNITEX Pengukuran kualitas air berupa parameter fisika (suhu dan TSS), parameter kimia (pH, DO, BOD dan COD) dan parameter biologi (Jenis mikroorganisme, F/M Ratio da SVI). Efisiensi IPAL PT. UNITEX secara keseluruhan (inlet-outlet) cukup tinggi (69,11% untuk BOD, 78,97% untuk COD, dan 83,73% untuk TSS), sehingga secara umum konsentrasi bahan pencemar (28,97 mg/l untuk BOD, 142,71 untuk COD, 40 untuk TSS, suhu 33,60C, pH 7 dan DO 3,6 mg/l) dari air limbah olahan yang dibuang ke Sungai Cibudig telah memenuhi baku mutu limbah cair industri tekstil yang ditetapkan pemerintah (SK. Gub. Jawa Barat No. 6 Tahun 1999 tentang Baku Mutu Limbah Cair Industri di Jawa Barat).
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Judul: Studi eksternalitas terhadap pelaksanaan pengolahan air limbah industri tekstil : Studi kasus PT. Unitex Kab. Bogor
Abstrak: Dalam melaksanakan pengembangan industri tekstil seringkali kurang memperhitungkan dampak yang akan ditimbulkan dalam pelaksanaan proses produksinya. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan eksternalitas yang berdampak negatif sehingga disamping mempengaruhi produksi yang dihasilkan juga dapat mempengaruhi kehidupan masyarakat disekitarnya. Hal ini menyebabkan industri harus menanggung biaya eksternal dari pengolahan air limbahnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PT. Unitex yang bergerak dalam industri tekstil yang terletak di Kabupaten Bogor. Pemilihan lokasi di industri ini dilakukan secara sengaja dengan didasarkan atas pertimbangan bahwa PT. Unitex telah melakukan pengendalian dan penanganan terhadap permasalahan eksternalitas khususnya pengolahan air limbah dari sisa proses produksinya...
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis