Judul: Aplikasi Berbagai Dosis Probiotik Bacillus Np5 Melalui Pakan Untuk Pencegahan Infeksi Aeromonas Hydrophila Pada Ikan Mas Cyprinus Carpio
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kinerja bakteri probiotik Bacillus NP5 dengan dosis berbeda terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan kinerja perumbuhan ikan mas yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila. Ikan mas yang digunakan sebanyak 15 ekor/akuarium dengan bobot rata-rata 4,52±0,29 g/ekor dipelihara dalam akuarium bervolume 96 L selama 30 hari. Pemberian probiotik pada pakan sebanyak 1% (v/w) dan ditambah 2% (v/w) putih telur sebagai perekat. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu kontrol negatif dan kontrol positif (K- dan K+ tanpa probiotik), A (probiotik 106 CFU/g pakan), B (probiotik 108 CFU/g pakan), dan C (probiotik 1010 CFU/g pakan). Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan. Pada hari ke-32, perlakuan K+, A, B, dan C diinjeksi A. hydrophila dengan konsentrasi 107 CFU/ml secara intramuskular sedangkan K- diinjeksi dengan PBS (Phosphate Buffer Saline) lalu dilakukan pengamatan kematian selama 14 hari. Perlakuan C (1010 CFU/g pakan) menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan nilai kelangsungan hidup setelah perlakuan probiotik dan setelah uji tantang 100%, laju pertumbuhan harian 2,56%, dan rasio konversi pakan 1,55 yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan kontrol.
Keyword: Probiotik, Bacillus NP5, ikan mas.

Judul: Efektivitas Pemberian Probiotik Bacillus NP5 Segar dan Mikroenkapsulasi Melalui Pakan pada Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio) yang Diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophilla
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas pemberian probiotik Bacillus NP5 segar dan mikroenkapsulasi melalui pakan terhadap kelangsungan hidup, kinerja pertumbuhan dan respon imun ikan mas yang diinfeksi Aerominas hydrophilla. Sebanyak 15 ekor ikan mas dengan bobot rata-rata 5.09±0.01 g dipelihara di dalam akuarium dengan volume air 96 L selama 30 hari. Pemberian probiotik pada pakan sebanyak 1%. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol positif dan kontrol negatif (K+ dan K-; tanpa pemberian probiotik), probiotik segar (A), dan probiotik mikroenkapsulasi (B). Setiap perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Pada hari ke-31, perlakuan K+, A, dan B diinjeksi dengan A. hydrophilla sebanyak 0.1 ml (107 cfu/mL), sedangkan K- diinjeksi dengan larutan fisiologis. Pengamatan pasca infeksi dilakukan selama 14 hari. Parameter yang diamati meliputi kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan harian, konversi pakan, populasi bakteri di usus dan respon imun. Ikan mas perlakuan B menunjukkan kelangsungan hidup 96%, laju pertumbuhan harian 2.66%, rasio konversi pakan 1.65, total bakteri di usus yang lebih tinggi dan respon imun yang lebih baik dibanding kontrol.
Keyword: Probiotik, Bacillus NP5, mikroenkapsulasi, ikan mas, respon imun

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite