Judul: Copula-based Actuarial Model for Pricing Cyber Insurance Premiums
Abstrak: Kemajuan Teknologi Informasi (TI) bertumbuh pesat dalam beberapa dekade sejak pertengahan abad ke-20. Hal tersebut diiringi dengan tantangan risiko keamanan sistem TI yang dapat merugikan perusahaan. Untuk mengatasi risiko tersebut perlu adanya proteksi jaringan keamanan. Asuransi siber adalah salah satu alat untuk mengalihkan risiko dari keamanan sistem TI. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memodelkan dan menghitung harga premi asuransi siber dengan model copula. Data yang digunakan adalah data dari International Computer Security Association (ICSA) tahun 2003 tentang kondisi aktual banyaknya komputer yang diserang virus beserta kerugiannya. Model copula tidak mensyaratkan asumsi kenormalan dan dapat dengan mudah memodelkan fungsi sebaran bersama dari peubah banyaknya komputer yang terserang virus dan besarnya kerugian. Harga premi asuransi siber dimodelkan menggunakan tiga jenis polis asuransi yaitu tanpa deductible, dengan deductible, serta dengan deductible dan co-insurance. Kemudian dihitung nilai harapan dan simpangan baku dari premi asuransi siber dengan simulasi Monte Carlo., Over the past decade, advances in Information Technology (IT) have grown rapidly since the mid-20th century. However, this comes with the challenge of IT system security risks that can harm companies. To overcome these risks, it is necessary to have a network security protection. Cyber insurance is a tool to transfer risk from IT system security. This study aims to model and calculate the price of cyber insurance premiums with copula model. The data used in this research is obtained from the International Computer Security Association (ICSA) in 2003 regarding the actual condition of the number of computers attacked by virus and their losses. Copula model does not require normality assumptions and can easily model the joint distribution function of the variables of the number of computers attacked by virus and the amount of loss. The price of cyber insurance premiums is modeled using three types of insurance policies, namely without deductibles, with deductibles, as well as with deductibles and co-insurance. Then, the expected value and standard deviation of the cyber insurance premiums are calculated using Monte Carlo Simulation.
Keyword: copula, cyber insurance, Monte Carlo simulation, risk management, technology information security

Judul: Motor Vehicle Insurance Premium Calculation Using Generalized Linear Models
Abstrak: Seiring berkembangnya jaman, kenaikan jumlah kendaraan juga semakin meningkat. Salah satu risiko yang dapat terjadi dengan adanya peningkatan jumlah kendaraan adalah terjadinya kecelakaan yang mengakibatkan kerusakan terhadap kendaraan bermotor yang digunakan. Dalam rangka menanggulangi risiko yang terjadi, maka dilakukan pengalihan risiko. Salah satu bentuk pengalihan risiko yang dapat dilakukan oleh seorang individu adalah dengan ikut menjadi peserta asuransi, sehingga menjadi tugas penting bagi aktuaris untuk menentukan besarnya premi yang sesuai untuk setiap nasabah dengan risiko dan karakteristik yang berbeda. Banyak peubah yang dapat mempengaruhi harga premi. Oleh karena itu, aktuaris harus mengetahui peubah-peubah yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap premi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan peubah yang dapat mempengaruhi besaran premi murni menggunakan distribusi campuran dalam menentukan besarnya premi melalui Generalized Linear Models (GLM) serta menentukan model harga premi yang sesuai berdasarkan peubah-peubah yang mempengaruhinya. Data yang dianalisis pada penelitian ini adalah data portofolio nasabah suatu perusahaan asuransi di Amerika Serikat. Salah satu analisis statistik yang dapat digunakan untuk memodelkan premi asuransi adalah Generalized Linear Models (GLM). GLM merupakan perluasan dari model regresi klasik yang dapat mengakomodasi fleksibilitas untuk menggunakan beberapa distribusi data tetapi terbatas pada distribusi keluarga eksponensial. Dalam model GLM, premi diperoleh dengan mengalikan nilai ekspektasi bersyarat dari frekuensi klaim dan biaya klaim. Berdasarkan penelitian yang telah dilakukan diketahui bahwa frekuensi klaim dan besarnya klaim mengikuti sebuah distribusi campuran, yaitu distribusi Tweedie. Dari kedua model tersebut diketahui bahwa peubah yang mempengaruhi premi murni adalah jumlah anak, pendapatan per bulan, status pernikahan, pendidikan, pekerjaan, penggunaan kendaraan, besarnya bluebook yang dibayarkan, dan jenis kendaraan nasabah. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model GLM merupakan model yang representatif dan berguna bagi perusahaan asuransi., Along with times, the number of vehicles is also increasing. One of the failures that can occur with an increase in the number of vehicles is the occurrence of accidents that result in damage to the motorized vehicles used. In order to overcome the risks that occur, the risk transfer is carried out. One form of risk transfer that can be taken by an individual is to become an insurance participant. It is an important task for actuaries to determine the appropriate amount of premium for each customer with different risks and characteristics. Many variables can affect the premium price. Therefore, actuaries must know the variables that have significant effects on the premium. The purpose of this study is to determine the variables that can affect the amount of pure premiums with mixed distribution in determining the amount of premiums using Generalized Linear Models (GLM) and to determine the appropriate premium price model based on the variables that influence significantly it. The data analyzed in this study is customer portfolio data of an insurance company in the United States. One of statistical analyzes that can be used to model insurance premiums is the Generalized Linear Models. GLM is an extension of the classic regression model that can accommodate the flexibility of its users to use multiple data distributions but is limited to the exponential family distribution. In the GLM model, the premium is obtained by multiplying the conditional expected value of the
Keyword: Cost of Claim, Frequency of Claims, Generalized Linear Models, Premiums of Insurance, Tweedie Distribution

Judul: Utilization of hydrolized duckweed (Lemna minor) meal as a soybean replacement in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diet,
Abstrak: Tilapia is a fast growing fish widely cultured in many tropical and sub tropical countries. The recent production figures reported our global production estimates for 2015 is 5,576.8 metric tons. In developing countries the major challenges facing aquaculture industry is high cost of production associated with fish feeds. Feed represents 40-70% of operating costs for aquaculture operations, increasing expenses and potential declining supplies soybean meal have led scientists to search for less expensive but compatible alternative protein sources for fish feed; most of which are based on animal or plant protein sources. The objectives of study was to determine the incubation period for hydrolysis of duckweed and to evaluate the use of hydrolized duckweed as aprotein source for the growth performance of Nile tilapia Three experiments were conducted to determine the composition and digestibility of hydrolyzed duckweed meal by sheep rumen liquor as the replacement of soybean meal in the diet of Nile tilapia. The first trial examined the effectivity of sheep rumen liquor enzyme to decrease crude fiber contents of (DWM), the added volume of sheep rumen liquor was 100 ml/kg DWM and then it was incubated for 0, 12, 24 hr . The second trial was to evaluate the apparent digestibility of hydrolyzed DWM for Nile Tilapia, apparent digestibility were determined using chromic oxide indicator added to both reference diet and test diets. The feed ingredients used in the trial were hydrolyzed DWM (HDWM) and unhydrolyzed DWM (DWM). Ten fish with an average weight of 18±0.36g were used in the trial and reared in the aquarium of size 30×40×50cm for 15 days; feces were collected from three replicates using a fecal collection column attached to the aquarium. Third trial was to evaluate the growth performance of Tilapia fed test diet with hydrolyzed Duckweed meal (HDWM). The experimental design was set according to completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates of HDWM inclusion levels that is 0%, 15%, 30% and 45%. Nile tilapia fish with initial body weight of 18±0.36g was kept in 12 units aquarium size of 30×40×50cm at stocking density of 10fish/aquarium, the fish were fed two times a day at 08:00am and 16:00pm to apparent satiation for a period of 60 days. The results indicated that duckweed meal (DWM) hydrolyzed with 100 mL/kg and incubated for 24 hrs showed the lowest crude fiber contents of 13.68% compared to other treatments. Total digestibility of hydrolyzed duckweed (HDWM) meal was 87.3% compared with unhydrolyzed duckweed (DWM) which was 66.8%. Total final weight (TFW), survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversional rate (FCR) and protein retention (PR) shows growth performance at 15% inclusion. The results of this study showed that 100mL/kg sheep rumen liquor at incubation period of 24 hr can be suitable for hydrolysis of duckweed to reduce crude fiber also hydrolyzed duckweed can substitute soybean meal at an incubation rate of 15% in the diet of Nile tilapia and had the same growth and FCR with control diet
Keyword: Digestibility, Duckweed meal, Growth performance, Sheep rumen