Judul: Effect of Density on Physiological Responses and  Performance of Local Sheep on Long Distance Transport
Abstrak: Pengangkutan domba menjadi faktor yang tidak dapat dihindari dalam rantai pasok dan kepadatan menjadi salah satu penyebab stres selama transportasi. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kepadatan selama transportasi terhadap respon fisiologis, penyusutan bobot badan, dan durasi rekondisi domba lokal, serta analisis biayanya. Penelitian menggunakan 10 ekor domba lokal betina dewasa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengangkut domba dengan kepadatan 0,18 m2 ekor-1 dan 0,24 m2 ekor-1 dengan transportasi jarak jauh berdurasi 11 jam 30 menit. Variabel yang diamati meliputi respon fisiologis (suhu rektal, denyut jantung, dan laju respirasi), susut bobot, durasi rekondisi, dan analisis biaya. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji T berpasangan untuk menilai kondisi domba sebelum dan setelah perlakuan dan Uji T tidak berpasangan untuk membandingkan rataan kedua kepadatan. Domba mengalami stres akibat transportasi ditandai dengan perubahan yang signifikan pada respon fisiologis dan susut bobotnya. Tingkat kepadatan tidak mempengaruhi perubahan suhu rektal, denyut jantung, laju respirasi, susut bobot, dan durasi rekondisi domba lokal. Domba yang diangkut menggunakan tingkat kepadatan 0,18 m2 ekor-1 lebih efisien secara ekonomi karena penggunaan biaya yang lebih rendah., Sheep transportation is an unavoidable factor in the supply chain and density is one of the stressors during transportation. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of density level during transportation on physiological responses, body weight loss, recovery of local sheep, and cost analys. The study used 10 female and mature local sheep. The study was conducted by transporting sheep with densities of 0,18 m2 head-1 and 0,24 m2 head-1 with long journey transport of 11 hours 30 minutes duration. The observed variables included physiological responses (rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate), weight loss, recovery, and cost analys. The data were analyzed using the paired T test to analyse sheep condition before and after the treatment and 2 sample T test to compare of both densities. Sheep experienced stress due to transportation characterized by significant changes in physiological responses and body weight lost. Density level didn’t affect changes in rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, weight loss, and recovery duration of local sheep. Sheep that transported by density level 0,18 m2 head-1 economically are more efficient with lower cost.
Keyword: domba lokal, kepadatan, performa, respon fisiologis, transportasi

Judul: The Sheep’s Physiological Response and Performance are Transported at Different Density After Long Distance Land Transmission
Abstrak: Pengangkutan domba merupakan kegiatan yang dapat menimbulkan stress pada domba yang ditunjukkan dengan penurunan bobot badan dan peningkatan respon fisiologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh kepadatan yang berbeda pada saat transportasi terhadap performa, respon fisiologis, lama waktu rekondisi serta analisis biaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 domba betina dewasa dengan bobot 20,48±3,04kg dan diangkut dengan kepadatan 0,1 m2 ekor-1 dan 0,24 m2 ekor-1 selama 11 jam 30 menit. Variabel yang diamati meliputi susut bobot, respon fisiologis(suhu rektal, denyut jantung, dan laju respirasi), durasi waktu rekondisi serta analisis biayanya. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji T tidak berpasangan untuk membandingkan rataan kedua kepadatan dan Uji T berpasangan untuk menilai kondisi domba sebelum dan setelah transportasi. Domba mengalami stress akibat perjalanan, hal ini ditandai dengan perubahan yang signifikan pada bobot badan dan respon fisiologisnya, namun kepadatan yang berbeda tidak berpengaruh nyata pada perubahan respon fisiologis dan waktu rekondisi domba. Domba yang diangkut dengan kepadatan 0,1 m2 ekor-1 lebih efisien secara ekonomi karena penggunaan biaya yang lebih rendah., Sheep transportation is an activity that may cause stress to the sheep, indicated by weight loss and changes in physiological response. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of density level during transportation on performance, physiological response, recovery time, and cost analysis. This study used 10 female mature sheep with body weight 20,48±3,04kg and transporting with densities of 0,1 m2 head-1 and 0,24 m2 head-1 with long time transport journey 11 hour and 30 minutes duration. The observed variables include weight loss, physiological response(rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate), recovery time, and cost analys. Data were analysed using 2 sample T-test to compare of both density and using the paired T-test to analysed sheep condition before and after transportation. The sheep experienced stress due to transportation characterized by significant changes in weight loss and physiological response, but different of density level do not significantly affect changes in physicological response and recovery time. Sheep transported with density 0,1 m2 head-1 are more efficient with lower cost
Keyword: density, local sheep, performance, phisiological response, transportation

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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