Judul: Study of Imbibition Rate and Water Accumulation in the Germination Stage of Soybean (Glycine max L.)  and Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.) Seeds
Abstrak: Proses awal perkecambahan benih secara umum dapat dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan yaitu: imbibisi, reaktivasi, inisiasi, retaknya kulit benih, serta munculnya radikula. Imbibisi merupakan proses penyerapan air dalam perkecambahan benih. Laju imbibisi berkaitan erat dengan pertambahan bobot pada benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui laju imbibisi dan akumulasi air pada proses perkecambahan benih kedelai dan kacang panjang. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu faktor yaitu imbibisi air. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan cara menimbang benih satu persatu dari baris pertama paling kiri sebagai benih nomor 1, dan seterusnya ke arah kanan hingga mencapai benih nomor 25. Penimbangan dilakukan setiap 4 jam selama 56 jam setelah benih ditanam. Data bobot benih kemudian dipisah antara benih yang berkecambah dengan benih tidak berkecambah sehingga dapat ditemukan perbedaan baik secara laju imbibisi maupun akumulasi air. Data dianalisis dengan uji t menggunakan Microsoft Excel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan, benih kedelai dan kacang panjang yang berkecambah memiliki laju imbibisi yang lebih cepat dan penyerapan air yang lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan benih yang tidak berkecambah. Suhu benih pada kedua komoditas cenderung fluktuatif dikarenakan adanya proses imbibisi dan respirasi. Kata kunci: bobot benih, deteriorasi, fisiologis benih, penyerapan air, suhu benih, The early stages of seed germination can generally be divided into several phases namely imbibition, reactivation, initiation, seed coat cracking, and the emergence of the radicle. Imbibition is the process of water absorption during the seed germination. The imbibition rate is related to the increase in seed weight. This research aims to the determine the imbibition rate and water accumulation in the germination process of soybean and long bean seeds. The research was done using a randomized complete design with one factor, imbibiton. Observations were conducted by weighing each seed one by one from the left row as seed number 1, and so on towards the right until reaching seed number 25. Weighing was carried out every 4 hours for 56 hours after the seeds were planted. Seed weight data were divided into two between germinated seeds and non-germinated seeds to identify differences in both imbibition rate and water accumulation. The data were analyzed using the t-test in Microsoft Excel. Based on the research, germinated soybean and long bean seeds has a higher imbibition rate and water absorption compared to non-germinated seeds. Seed temperature of these two commodities tend to fluctuate due to the processes of imbibition and respiration. Keywords: deterioration, seed physiological, seed temperature, seed weight, water absorption
Keyword: deterioration, seed physiological, seed temperature, seed weight, water absorption

Judul: Effect of Seed Size on Physiological Quality of Mung Bean Seed Varieties Vima 4 and  Vimil 1
Abstrak: Kebutuhan konsumsi nasional kacang hijau mengalami peningkatan, akan tetapi besaran luas panen mengalami penurunan dan diikuti dengan penurunan hasil produksi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan adalah meningkatkan produksi kacang hijau dengan menggunakan benih yang bermutu. Mutu benih dipengaruhi oleh ukuran benih. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ukuran benih terhadap mutu fisiologis benih kacang hijau varietas Vima 4 dan Vimil 1. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktor tunggal yaitu ukuran benih dengan empat taraf ukuran (besar, sedang, kecil dan campuran). Taraf ukuran campuran terdiri atas benih dengan diameter yang beragam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran benih varietas Vima 4 berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, bobot kering kecambah normal, laju imbibisi dan nilai daya hantar listrik. Benih berukuran besar memiliki nilai daya berkecambah 94%, indeks vigor 86%, laju imbibisi 3,75 ml/jam dan nilai daya hantar listrik sebesar 23,29 μS/cm. g. Pada varietas Vimil 1, ukuran benih tidak berpengaruh terhadap daya berkecambah, indeks vigor dan daya berkecambah setelah pengusangan. Ukuran benih sedang dan besar memiliki daya berkecambah paling tinggi 91.3% dan indeks vigor 80,6%., National consumption needs of mung beans has increased, but the amount of harvested area has decreased and is followed by a decrease in production yields. One of the efforts that can be done is to increase the production of mung beans by using quality seeds. Seed quality is influenced by seed size. This study aimed to analyze the effect of seed size on the physiological quality of mung bean seeds of Vima 4 and Vimil 1 varieties. This research was arranged in a single factor Completely Randomized Design, namely seed size with four size levels (large, medium, small and mixed). The mixed size level consists of seeds with various diameters. The results showed that the seed size of the Vima 4 variety had an effect on germination, vigor index, dry weight of normal germination, rate of imbibition and electrical conductivity. Large seeds have a germination value of 94%, a vigor index of 86%, an imbibition rate of 3.75 ml/hour and an electrical conductivity value of 23.29 S/cm.g. In Vimil 1 variety, seed size had no effect on germination, vigor index and germination after aging. Medium and large seed sizes had the highest germination rate of 91.3% and vigor index of 80.6%.
Keyword: imbibition, germination, seed diameter, vigor

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
Keyword: