Judul: Income Analysis of Agroforestry Salak Cropping Pattern in  Padangsidimpuan City
Abstrak: Agroforestry is a cropping pattern that combines agricultural crops with woody perennials in the same land. In Padangsidimpuan City, there is a widespread use of agroforestry in salak farms. Agroforestry is considered to be capable of giving economical and ecological benefits. Therefore, the goal of this study is to analyze the difference of income between agroforestry and monoculture salak. The study was conducted in Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru District from December 2022 until February 2023. Simple random sampling was used as a method for determining the samples. Analytical methods for this study are farming income analysis and mann-whitney u test. To calculate the contribution of salak income, salak income is divided with the whole agroforestry farming income. The results showed that there was a significant difference in cash income between agroforestry and monoculture salak farming. Net income of salak agroforestry farming is 3,65 times monoculture salak farming. Salak’s contribution to the whole agroforestry farming income is 53%., Agroforestri adalah pola tanam yang menggabungkan tanaman pertanian dengan tanaman keras berkayu dalam lahan yang sama. Di Kota Padangsidimpuan, umumnya petani salak menggunakan agroforestri. Agroforestri diyakini dapat memberikan manfaat ekonomis dan ekologis. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan usahatani salak pola tanam agroforestri dan monokultur. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Padangsidimpuan Hutaimbaru pada bulan Desember 2022 – Febuari 2023. Simple random sampling digunakan sebagai penentuan sampel. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan usahatani dan uji u mann-whitney. Untuk mengukur kontribusi pendapatan salak, digunakan perbandingan pendapatan salak terhadap keseluruhan pendapatan usahatani agroforestri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dalam pendapatan tunai di antara usahatani salak agroforestri dan monokultur. Pendapatan bersih usahatani salak agroforestri 3,65 kali usahatani salak yang diusahakan secara monokultur. Kontribusi salak terhadap keseluruhan pendapatan usahatani agroforestri adalah 53%.
Keyword: Agroforestry, Contribution, Monoculture, Income, Salak farming

Judul: Contribution of Agroforestry Community Forests to Farmer's Income in Argapura Village Cigudeg District Bogor Regency.
Abstrak: Kontribusi Hutan Rakyat Agroforestri terhadap Pendapatan Petani di Desa Argapura Kecamatan Cigudeg Kabupaten Bogor. Dibimbing oleh Leti Sundawati. Hutan rakyat agroforestri memiliki manfaat secara ekologi, ekonomi dan sosial. Desa Argapura merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Cigudeg yang memiliki lahan agroforestri yang besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghitung kontribusi pendapatan petani dari hutan rakyat agroforestri dan menganalisis karakteristik petani yang memengaruhi pendapatan petani dari sistem agroforestri agar mencapai kesejahteraan petani. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap 30 responden yang dipilih secara convinience sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi hutan rakyat agroforestri sebesar 77,3%. Pendapatan petani lebih besar daripada pengeluaran petani. Namun, setelah dilakukan analisis tingkat kesejahteraan petani, melalui batas garis kemiskinan UMR Kabupaten Bogor 2024, sebanyak 66,7% petani mempunyai pendapatan agroforestri dibawah batas garis kemiskinan dan sebanyak 13,3% petani berada di bawah batas garis kemiskinan berdasarkan garis kemiskinan Kabupaten Bogor. Karakteristik petani yang memengaruhi pendapatan menurut korelasi rank spearman yaitu usia, lama bertani, luas kepemilikan lahan dan pendidikan. Semakin besar nilai korelasi koefisien semakin besar juga pengaruhnya kepada pendapatan agroforestri. Kata kunci: Agroforestri, kayu, kesejahteraan, kontribusi, pendapatan, Contribution of Agroforestry Community Forests to Farmers' Income in Argapura Village Cigudeg District Bogor Regency. Supervised by Leti Sundawati. Agroforestry community forests have ecological, economic, and social benefits. Argapura Village is one of the villages in Cigudeg District, which has a large agroforestry area. The research aims to calculate the contribution of farmers' income from agroforestry community forests and analyze farmer characteristics that influence farmer income from agroforestry systems to achieve farmer welfare. Data collection was carried out through interviews with 30 respondents selected using convenience samplingThe research results show that the contribution of agroforestri community forests is 77.3%. Farmers' income is higher significant than farmers' expenses. However, after analyzing the level of welfare of farmers after analyzing the level of welfare of farmers based on the 2024 Bogor Regency UMR poverty line, 66.7% of farmers have agroforestry income below the poverty line, and 13.3% of farmers are below the poverty line based on the poverty line. Poverty in Bogor Regency. Farmer characteristics can affect income according to Spearman's rank correlation are age, years of farming, size of land ownership and education.. The greater the correlation coefficient value impact to agroforestry income. Keywords: Agroforestry, contribution, income, timber, welfare
Keyword: hutan rakyat agroforestri, Agroforestry, contribution, income, timber, welfare

Judul: Kajian Stabilitas Inti Super Berat dengan Nomor Atom 110 Sampai dengan 200 Menggunakan Model Inti Tetesan Cairan
Abstrak: Liquid droplets of nucleic models can be derived equations to estimate the binding energy, binding energy per nucleon, the most stable isotope, and the condition of the occurrence of spontaneous fission. The equations are then converted into a numerical equation form which is then inserted into the MATLAB programming language. Based on the results of the calculations have been carried out in this study, super-heavy nuclei will undergo spontaneous fission in the Z = 135. At Z = 135 the energy needed to create the nucleus undergoing fission or activation energy is very small at around 0:48 MeV. Above Z = 135 the activation energy is negative, it means to form a nucleus with Z> 135 needed some energy. Then at Z = 135 the ratio Z2 / A is 48.86, almost reaching requirement ratio Z2 / A where the nucleic will undergo spontaneous fission is 49. Binding energy per nucleon for super-heavy nuclei up to Z = 200 is about 7 - 5.5 MeV, together with a range of light nuclei are stable. So there may be a super-heavy nuclei are stable at Z <135 and above Z> 135 there will be no stable nucleic
Keyword: