Judul: Analisis dampak pembangunan infrastruktur air bersih terhadap pendapatan rumahtangga: Kasus Desa Blimbing Kecamatan Mojo Kabupaten Kediri
Abstrak: Air merupakan kebutuhan dasar yang harus dipenuhi oleh tiap rumahtangga. Akses yang sulit terhadap air bersih akan menyita waktu sehingga memperbesar opportunity cost untuk kegiatan lain. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode uji-t berpasangan dan regresi linear berganda dengan enam variabel, yaitu: pendapatan rumahtangga, usia, jumlah tanggungan, tingkat pendidikan, penghematan waktu dan perubahan curahan kerja. Hasil dari uji-t berpasangan menunjukkan adanya perubahan pendapatan rumahtangga antara sebelum dan sesudah pembangunan infrastruktur air bersih dengan peningkatan sebesar 18,8 persen per bulan dengan standar deviasi 12,49. Sedangkan hasil dari regresi linear berganda menunjukkan bahwa usia, jumlah tanggungan, penghematan waktu, dan perubahan curahan kerja berpengaruh signifikan terhadap peningkatan pendapatan rumahtangga
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Judul: Dampak Pembangunan Irigasi Pedesaan terhadap Kesempatan Kerja dan Distribusi Pendapatan Petani Lahan Tadah Hujan di Kabupaten Blora
Abstrak: Water scarcity was the main problem faced by farmers in rain-fed area. Therefore, the development of village level irrigation had an opportunity to solve this problem. The aims of this study were (1) to evaluate financial feasibility of the village level irrigation development in Blora Regency, (2) to assess its impact on income and employment generation, and (3) to assess income redistribution. Financial feasibility of irrigation was evaluated by benefit-cost analysis; its impact on income and employment generation was assessed by pair-test based on before and after project; while its impact on income redistribution was assessed by Gini Index and Factor Share Analysis (FSA). Purposive sampling technique was used to select villages representing three types of irrigation i.e. cekdam (small dam), glontoran (irrigation pumps) and sumur lapang (drilled well). Samples were randomly selected from population in each village. The population was the farmers who got direct benefit from the irrigation development. The results shown that all type of village level irrigation were financially feasible. Financial feasibility of irrigation was affected by water resource reliability and farmers capacity in applying technology and catching agribusiness opportunity. Village level irrigations had generated employment as well as farmers income in these areas. Employment generation lead to benefit agriculture labor indicated by increase of its share on agricultural labor market. Income generation was originated from increase in cropping index and farmer’s commodity reorientation. Result of FSA shown that farmers were the most benefited from this project in terms of relative share either regard to total output or added value. On the other hand, relative share of labor decreased. This means that labor gain less benefit from the project than other factors.
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Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship