Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Sawah, khususnya sawah rawa, merupakan teknologi yang baru dikenal oleh masyarakat dan Dani di Lembah Balim pada tahun 1976 yang diperkenalkan oleh petani Toraja yang dibantu oleh orang Dani sebagai buruh. Pada tahun 1984, beberapa orang Dani mulai mencoba mengolah sawah sendiri dan tahun 1990 sawah mulai menyebar di lembah Balim. Studi perubahan organisasi sosial di desa Tulem, membahas tentang perubahan akibat implementasi teknologi pertanian sawah yang dimulai pada tahun 1990. Perubahan terjadi pada beberapa unsur organisasi sosial yang mempengaruhi sistem secara keseluruhan. Pembagian kerja, hubungan sosial, clan kepemimpinan merupakan unsur-unsur yang sensitif terhadap perubahan. Perubahan terjadi dengan asumsi bahwa setiap unsur dalam suatu kebudayaan memenuhi fungsi tertentu. Diterimanya suatu unsur baru karena unsur baru tersebut dapat memenuhi fungsi sosial dalam kesatuan sistem.
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Judul: The Impact of Wetland-Rice Technology on Change in Social Organization (A Case Study in Tulem Village. Kurulu Sub-District, District of Jayawijaya - Irian Jaya)
Abstrak: Sawah, khususnya sawah rawa, merupakan teknologi yang baru dikenal oleh masyarakat Dani di Lembah Salim pada tahun 1976 yang diperkenalkan oleh petani Toraja yang dibantu oleh orang Dani sebagai buruh. Pada tahun 1984, beberapa orang Dani mulai mencoba mengolah sawah sendiri dan tahun 1990 sawah mulai menyebar di lembah Balim. Studi perubahan organisasi 50sial di desa Tulem, membahas tentang perubahan akibat implementasi teknologi pertanian sawah yang dimulai pada tabun 1990. Perubahan terjadi pada beberapa unsur organisasi sosial yang mempengaruhi sistem secara keseluruban. Pembagian kerja, hubungan sosial, dan kepemimpinan merupakan unsur-oosur yang sensitif terhadap perubahan. Perubahan terjadi dengan asumsi bahwa setiap unsur dalam suatu kebudayaan memenuhi fungsi tertentu. Diterimanya suatu unsur baru karena unsur baru tersebut dapat memenuhi fungsi sosial dalam kesatuan sistem., Rice-field technology, specifically wet-land rice technology, is relatively new technology for Dani People of Balim Valley. It was first introduced to the Dani in 1976 by a Torajan farmer with the help of some local people as labourers. In 1984, some of the Dani tried on their own to cultivate wet-land rice, and by 1990 the technology spread out throughout the valley. A study on change of social organization of Dani at Tulem Village of Balim Valley, presents the social change due to the implementation of the wet-land rice technology. Changes that occured on some elements of the social organization influenced the social system as a whole. Division of work, social relations, and leaderships are some of the elements sensitive to change. The change that occured is with the assumption that each social element in a community fulfills a certain function. Any acceptance of a new element in a system is due to the new element fulfilling certain social functions in the system as a whole.
Keyword: bigman agriculture, wet land rice, akulturasi, difusi

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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