Judul: Identifikasi Senyawa Inhibitor -Glukosidase Dari Metabolit Ekstraseluler Bakteri Endofit Streptomyces Sp. Ipbcc.B.15.1539 Brotowali (Tinospora Crispa).
Abstrak: Senyawa bioaktif dari isolat bakteri endofit Streptomyces sp. IPBCC.b.15.1539 tanaman brotowali memiliki aktivitas yang berpotensi digunakan sebagai obat diabetes melitus. Bakteri tersebut ditumbuhkan di media cair ISP-2. Metabolit dihasilkan dari ekstraksi menggunakan etil asetat dan difraksionasi dengan heksana:etil asetat (1:4). Teknik fraksionasi dan isolasi dipandu oleh teknik bioasai, serta senyawa bioaktif diidentifikasi menggunakan kromatografi gas spektrometri massa (GC-MS). Ekstrak etil asetat bakteri diduga mengandung senyawa golongan alkaloid dan flavonoid hasil uji fitokimia. Aktivitas inhibisi α- glukosidase supernatan dan ekstrak etil asetat 500 ppm sebesar 25.57% dan 51.60%, sedangkan akarbosa 500 ppm sebagai kontrol positif sebesar 93.49%. Fraksionasi menghasilkan 8 fraksi dengan pola kromatografi lapis tipis berbeda. Fraksi 1 memiliki aktivitas inhibisi tertinggi, yaitu 29.70% dan memiliki 3 spot pada sinar ultraviolet 254 nm. Spot 1 memiliki aktivitas inhibisi tertinggi, yaitu 12.28%. Kromatogram GC-MS pada fraksi 1 menghasilkan 3 puncak pada kromatogram, yakni bis(2-etilheksil)ester, 9-en-dekanamida, dan griseofulvin.
Keyword: GC-MS, α-glukosidase, kromatografi kolom, Streptomyces sp.

Judul: Karakterisasi ekstrak asal Streptomyces sp. IPBCC.B.15.1539 yang berfungsi sebagai inhibitor alfa-glukosidase
Abstrak: Penderita diabetes melitus (DM) di Indonesia pada tahun 2013 diperkirakan mencapai 6.9% atau sekitar 12 juta jiwa. Lebih dari 95% penderita diabetes merupakan penderita DM tipe 2 dan salah satu metode pengobatannya adalah dengan cara menghambat aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase. Streptomyces sp. IPBCC.B.15.1539 asal brotowali merupakan isolat yang menghasilkan inhibitor α-glukosidase. Besarnya potensi Streptomyces sp. IPBCC.B.15.1539 dalam menghasilkan senyawa inhibitor α-glukosidase, menjadikan karakterisasi ekstrak asal Streptomyces sp. IPBCC.B.15.1539 dinilai penting. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji karakter ekstrak Streptomyces sp. IPBCC.B.15.1539 dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), mengukur nilai penghambatan terhadap enzim α-glukosidase (IC50) secara in vitro, dan nilai LC50 menggunakan metode brine shrimp letality test (BSLT). Streptomyces sp. IPBCC.B.15.1539 yang ditumbuhkan pada media ISP-2 selama 10 hari pada suhu 20-25 oC dengan kecepatan 100 rpm menghasilkan biomassa sebesar 2.22 ± 0.03 mg mL-1 dan menghasilkan 28.38% ekstrak etil asetat. Ekstrak ini mengandung 7 komponen utama penyusun ekstrak yang diduga mengandung kelompok senyawa flavonoid dan antosianidin. Ekstrak etil asetat Streptomyces sp. IPBCC.B.15.1539 memiliki nilai IC50 terhadap enzim α-glukosidase sebesar 145.51 μg mL-1 dan nilai LC50 terhadap larva Artemia salina sebesar 517.23 μg mL-1. Nilai LC50 ini dinyatakan toksik terhadap larva A. salina. Karakter ekstrak IPBCC.B.15.1539 tersebut dapat menjadi dasar identifikasi senyawa aktif inhibitor α-glukosidase.
Keyword: characterization, diabetes mellitus, ethyl acetate extract, inhibitor of α- glucosidase, Streptomyces sp

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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