Judul: Analisis Efisiesi Tataniaga Komoditas Manggis: Studi Kasus Di Desa Kacarak, Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Bogor
Abstrak: Mangosteen is a tropical fruit with high economic value. Its high potencial for trading require a good and efficient marketing. Bogor is placed in the second of the biggest mangosteen centers of West Java after Tasikmalaya. It has high potency in mangosteen production, especially in Karacak village, sub district of Leuwiliang. The weak of farmers' bargaining position made the selling price in farmer level become low. Unfair margin and share distribution made the bargaining position of the farmer became worsen. The high selling price both in the domestic and overseas supposed to increase the farmers profits, however the major benefit only gained by marketing institutions. Based on the research, the marketing of mangosteen in Karacak Village was inefficient.The market structure was formed into the structure that leads to imperfectly competitive markets. There were five marketing forms of mangosteen in Karacak village. Market conduct was shown by selling and purchasing practice with the deal between actors of marketing system, price formation from bargaining that tend to set into higher level by the marketing institutions. Based on the analysis of marketing margins, the farmer's share, and the ratio of benefits and costs shown that an efficient marketing mangosteen for export purposes can use the third marketing channels while domestic marketing can use the fifth channel.
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Judul: Analisis sistem tataniaga manggis di Desa Sadeng, Kecamatan Leuwisadeng, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Manggis merupakan salah satu komoditas utama di Kabupaten Bogor dimana komoditas ini semakin lama semakin berkembang. Sistem pemasaran manggis perlu dipertimbangkan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani sebagai produsen. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima saluran pemasaran dimana saluran satu yang terdiri dari petani,pedagang pengumpul desa, eksportir dan konsumen luar negeri merupakan saluran yang relatif efisien untuk tujuan tataniaga ekspor jika dilihat dari indikator efisiensi operasional dimana nilai margin pemasaran kecil sebesar Rp 30 025, farmer’s share yang besar sebesar 15.42 persen, dan rasio manfaat terhadap biaya lebih besar dari satu sebesar 1.36. Sedangkan saluran lima yang terdiri dari petani, pedagang pengumpul desa, dan konsumen dalam kota merupakan saluran yang relatif efisien untuk tujuan tataniaga dalam negeri jika dilihat dari indikator efisiensi operasional dimana nilai margin pemasaran kecil sebesar Rp 4 525, farmer’s share yang besar sebesar 54.75 persen dan rasio manfaat terhadap biaya lebih besar dari satu sebesar 7.72. Namun secara keseluruhan semua saluran pemasaran di Desa sadeng cukup efisien berdasarkan nilai farmer’s share dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya yang besar.
Keyword: mangosteen, marketing effeciency, marketing margin

Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum