Judul: Pengenalan Chord Dengan Tiga Nada Penyusun Pada Instrumen Piano Menggunakan Learning Vector Quantization
Abstrak: Piano merupakan alat musik yang banyak digemari baik untuk dinikmati oleh pendengarnya atau dipelajari secara langsung. Proses belajar piano tidaklah mudah terutama dalam pembelajaran chord. Chord yang umum digunakan adalah triad, yaitu chord yang tersusun atas 3 nada. Begitu banyak kombinasi chord dalam istilah musik sehingga mudah mengecoh orang yang baru mulai belajar, terutama bagi pelajar otodidak yang tidak sensitif terhadap perbedaan nada. Sebuah sistem dibutuhkan untuk membantu proses belajar para pemula dalam mengenali dan membedakan suara chord pada piano. Sistem dikembangkan menggunakan metode klasifikasi jaringan syaraf tiruan learning vector quantization (LVQ) dan metode ekstraksi ciri mel frequency cepstrum coefficient (MFCC). Ekstraksi ciri MFCC dilakukan menggunakan sampling rate sebesar 11000 Hz, frame rate 100 frame per detik, dan menghasilkan 13 koefisien cepstral. Pemodelan LVQ dilakukan dengan menggunakan parameter learning rate yang bervariasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan akurasi tertinggi adalah 95.833% dengan nilai learning rate antara 0.036 sampai 0.076, nilai rataan kolom kelas inisiasi sebagai bobot awal, penurunan learning rate 0.5, serta epoch sebanyak 30.
Keyword: chord, ekstraksi ciri, LVQ, MFCC, piano

Judul: Application of LVQ using K-means initializations for guitar tone chord recognition with MFCC feature extraction
Abstrak: Manusia dapat mengenali suara melalui proses yang dilakukan secara berulang-ulang. Namun, tidak banyak orang yang mampu mengenali suara chord gitar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat suatu sistem pengenalan chord gitar menggunakan metode LVQ sebagai pengenalan pola dan MFCC sebagai ekstraksi ciri. Bobot awal yang digunakan pada metode LVQ diperoleh dengan menginisialisasi K-means. Data yang digunakan sebanyak 8640 data suara gitar dengan 24 jumlah chord. Masing-masing data terdiri atas 2 chord yang akan diuji secara terpisah. Parameter LVQ yang digunakan adalah learning rate 0.002, epoh 100, dan penurunan learning rate 0.9. Parameter yang digunakan dalam proses MFCC adalah time frame, overlap, jumlah koefisien cepstral dan jumlah cluster. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa akurasi maksimum yang diperoleh adalah 83.65% pada time frame 30 ms, overlap 0.4, koefisien cepstral 26, dan jumlah cluster 100., Humans can recognize the sound through a process that is done repeatedly. However, not many people are able to identify the sound of guitar chords. This study used LVQ as pattern recognition and MFCC as feature extraction. Initial weights were initialited by K-means clustering. A collection of 8640 sound data were used with 24 guitar chords. Each data consist of two chords that were tested separately. The parameters used in the process LVQ were 0.002 learning rate, 100 epoch, and 0.9 learning rate decrease. The parameters used in the process of MFCC were the time frame, overlap, the number of cepstral coefficient and the number of clusters. The experimental results showed that the maximum accuracy of 83.65% was obtained with 30 ms time frame, 0.4 overlap, 26 cepstral coefficients, and 100 clusters.
Keyword: chord gitar, Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), Mel Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC)

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity