Judul: Peluang Kebangkrutan Perusahaan Asuransi Saat Inteval Antar Pembayaran Memiliki Sebaran Eksponensial yang Tidak Sama
Abstrak: In the classical risk model, insurance company profit is affected by three factors i.e., the amount of the initial profit, the amount of revenue (premium) obtained, and the amount of the claims insurance company paid for the customers. The insurance company is called to get ruined if the profit is negative, when the amount of claims paid exceeds the initial profit plus the amount of income (premium) received. In this study such ruin probability was determined for the insurance company in the case where intervals between payments are distributed exponentially unequally and the amount of payments have identical exponential distributions. In this work, we also provide an illustrative surplus process.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), unequal exponential distributions, probability of ruin, interval between payments, insurance

Judul: Peluang Kebangkrutan Perusahaan Asuransi saat Banyaknya Klaim Mengikuti Proses Binomial
Abstrak: Pada model risiko klasik, keuntungan dalam perusahaan asuransi adalah proses akumulasi kekayaan yang dipengaruhi oleh jumlah modal awal, besarnya total pendapatan (premi) yang masuk, dan akumulasi klaim yang harus dibayarkan perusahaan kepada para pemegang polis. Perusahaan asuransi dikatakan bangkrut jika keuntungan perusahaan bernilai negatif, yaitu ketika besar modal awal ditambah total penerimaan premi lebih kecil dari besar akumulasi klaim yang harus dibayarkan. Pada penelitian ini direkonstruksi peluang kebangkrutan perusahaan asuransi saat banyaknya klaim mengikuti proses binomial. Selain itu, diberikan pula ilustrasi proses keuntungannya. Berdasarkan ilustrasi tersebut, didapatkan bahwa peluang kebangkrutan berbanding terbalik dengan modal awal dan berbanding lurus dengan peluang terjadinya klaim.
Keyword: binomial process, insurance, probability of ruin

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell