Judul: Koefisien Absorpsi dan Atenuasi Cahaya di Permukaan Air Laut pada Berbagai Musim
Abstrak: Pengukuran koefisien absorpsi dan atenuasi cahaya dapat berguna dalam memperkirakan kualitas perairan, karakteristik optik perairan, serta digunakan dalam permodelan bio-optik kelautan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai dan variabilitas koefisien absorpsi dan atenuasi permukaan laut di Perairan Timur Laut Teluk Meksiko berdasarkan perbedaan musim. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data hasil survei pada tiga musim (semi, panas, dan gugur) antara tahun 1999 dan 2000 dengan menggunakan instrumen AC-9. Pola distribusi spasial dan nilai rata-rata antar wilayah menunjukkan bahwa koefisien absorpsi dan atenuasi secara umum relatif tinggi di sekitar Mississippi dan Mobile, kemudian relatif rendah di sekitar wilayah offshore. Variabilitas yang terjadi disebabkan karena besarnya pengaruh fitoplankton, CDOM, dan detritus terhadap koefisien absorpsi dan atenuasi, terutama di sekitar wilayah Mississippi dan Mobile. Nilai rata-rata koefisien menunjukkan bahwa secara umum koefisien absorpsi dan atenuasi di Perairan Timur Laut Teluk Meksiko relatif tinggi pada musim panas tahun 1999 (Su-99) dan relatif rendah pada musim semi tahun 2000 (Sp-00).
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Judul: Distribusi Spasial dan Variabilitas Koefisien Total Hamburan di Permukaan Perairan Berbagai Musim
Abstrak: The optical properties of the waters are affected by the intensity and angle of incidence light and material contained in the water column. The optical properties are divided into two categories i.e., apparent optical properties (AOP) influenced by the intensity and angle of incident light and the amount of material in the water, and the inherent optical properties (IOP) affected only by the content of the material in the column water such as phytoplankton, suspended solid materials, organic matter, and colored dissolved organic matter (colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM). Scattering is the process of radiation deflection by the water column and the material contained in the water column. Scattering is divided into two categories i.e., backscattering and forward scattering. Total scattering is a combination of backscattering and forward scattering. The Northeastern Gulf of Mexico waters (NEGOM) contains type-1 waters (offshore) and type-2 (coastal waters). The NEGOM waters are also influenced by the Loop Current, upwelling, wind, and freshwater discharge of several rivers. Currently, few studies were conducted related variability and spatial distribution of the total scattering in NEGOM waters especially in tropical waters. Standard facilities and bio-optical equipment are also minimal to none in Indonesia. Therefore, this research is very important to be conducted. The purpose of this study was to determine the variability of the spatial and temporal distribution of the total scattering coefficient (scattering) in 9 wavelength (λ) in different seasons in the NEGOM. The result was expected to obtain information about the value, variability, and the spatial distribution of the total scattering coefficient (scattering) which will be utilized in the development of bio-optical algorithms satellite ocean color. The results showed that the total scattering coefficient in 1999 (average of 0.26(±0.05)-0.37(± 0.07) m-1), was generally higher in the summer than that in spring and winter (average of 0.09(±0.002)-0.23(±0.04) m-1). Except in the Mississippi region, the total scattering coefficient in spring 1999 (average of 1.54(±0.94)-2.01(±1.03) m-1) was higher than that in summer and winter. In 2000, total scattering coefficient values were also generally higher in summer (average of 0.21(±0.02)-0.32(±0.02) m-1) than that in spring and winter (average of 0.03(±0.003)-0.21(±0.01) m-1. These results showed that particles and suspended matter in summer were generally higher than that in spring and winter. In general, total scattering coefficients were relatively high especially in the coastal waters near the reiver mouth and relatively low in offshore waters in every season except during the summer the total scattering coefficients were relatively high in offshore waters. The relatively high total scattering coefficients found in offshore during summer was caused by the intrusion of the Mississippi river flow toward offshore containing high nutrients that can enhance the growth of phytoplankton in the waters offshore, increase suspended matter, and reduce salinity. The average value of total scattering coefficients at each local coastal and offshore waters in the NEGOM each season were also showed significantly different results.
Keyword: spatial distribution, variability, total scattering coefficient, various seasons

Judul: Isolasi Konstruksi dan Rekombinasi Gen Pengkode Reverse Transcriptase asal Simian Retrovirus-2 (SRV-2)
Abstrak: The availability of reverse transcriptase enzym as a valuable component for Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) technique has been providing by foreign companies. Therefore, it needs more cost and time to provide it. This study is an early step to produce in house reverse transcriptase rekombinant enzym from SRV-2. The purpose of this study was isolated, constructed, and rekombined SRV-2 reverse transcriptase gene to entry clone and destination vector. Isolation was done by PCR amplification technique using three pairs of primers, which are RT I (3282-3683), RTII (3261-3900), and RTIII (3169-4133). Construction and recombination in this study used Gateway method from Invitrogen. SRV-2 reverse transcriptase gene was isolated in this study with A-549 cell inoculated SRV-2 as source of virus. This gene amplify by PCR technique and resulted specific band for RTI 401 bp, RTII 639 bp, and RTIII 964 bp. Analysis of pENTR/SD/TOPO and pDEST17 indicated SRV-2 reverse transcriptase gene code has already inserted to this plasmid. This result indicated SRV-2 reverse transcriptase gene have isolated, constructed, and recombined to entry clone and destination vector.
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