Judul: Potensi Daging Biji Picung (Pangium edule Reinw) Sebagai Fungisida Botani Terhadap Fusarium solani Secara In-Vitro
Abstrak: Pertanian mempakan salal, satu seklor yang berperanan penting dalalll Illcnggerakkan rod" perekonomian nasional. Untuk meningkatkan hasil perlnnian dnlum raIlgka memenuhi kebutulwIl hidup masyarakat maka diperlukan berbagai usalla, antara lain melalui parleausa!la lani yang Salall satunya adalall pengendalian harna dan penyakit lanaman.
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Judul: Efektivitas Penghambatan Ekstrak Daging Biji Picung (Pangium edule Reinw.) terhadap Pertumbuhan Cylindrocladium spp. Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Cylindrocladium spp. merupakan salah satu patogen penyakit lodoh yang berpotensi menyebebkan kerusakan pada semai beberapa tanaman kehutanan di persemaian. Salah satu teknologi pengendalian yang dapat diupayakan adalah dengan pemanfaatan bagian-bagian tertentu tumbuhan berkhasita antifungal. Picung (Pangium edule Reinw.) merupakan salah satu tumbuhan yang diketahui memiliki kemampuan antimikroba dan berpotensi sebagai bahan fungisida nabati bagi Cylindrocladium spp. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektifitas ekstrak daging biji picung (Pangium edule Reinw.) yang dibuat secara sederhana sebagai bahan fungisida nabati terhadap Cylindrocladium spp. Beberapa taraf konsentrasi diuji efektivitasnya terhadap pertumbuhan koloni Cylindrocladium spp. yaitu 10%, 20%, 30% dan 40% (y/v = ml/10l), sedangkan 0% digunakan sebagai kontrol. Cara penyiapan ekstrak adalah dengan pemblenderan (maserasi). Metode yang digunakan untuk menguji efektivitas ekstrak daging biji picung adalah dengan teknik peracunan media. Pengukuran terhadap pertumbuhan koloni dilakukan setiap hari selama sembilan hari pengamatan. Rancangan percobaan yang dipakai adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan masing-masing perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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