Judul: Deteksi Rintangan Mengggunakan Kamera CCD untuk Aplikasi pada Traktor Tanpa Awak
Abstrak: Obstacle detection is designed as a guidance for unmanned tractor to knowing the distance of obstacle in front of the tractor. The purpose of this research is to develop vision system that will be used as the guidance for unmanned tractor. CCD camera to acquire image of scene in front of tractor was placed at a tripod with height 1 meter. The position of camera is bow with 50. The image of track for tractor is captured and image was recorded in 640 x 480 pixel resolution. Six red laser pointer were added surrounding CCD camera to get obstacle image. The images were captured from 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 meter until CCD camera cannot capture the reflection of red laser. There are some factors that effected this research: solar intensity, red laser pointer and CCD camera lens focus. The captured image were processed by image processing program for obstacle detection. The result of image processing program for obstacle detection is a prediction of an obstacle distance in front of the tractor with success rate of 100 % for 1 meter, 80 % for 2 meter, 40 % for 3 meter, 0 % for 4 meter and 5 meter, and the accuracy rate of 68 %. When the solar intensity is high, image processing of obstacle detection could not detect the obstacle from more than 3 meter.
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Judul: Design of wireless controller system on four wheels drive tractor equipped with image guiding techology of wireless camera
Abstrak: Traktor roda empat pengendali jarak jauh merupakan traktor konvensional yang telah dimodifikasi dengan menambahkan sistem remote pengendali jarak jauh berupa modul antarmuka SPC wireless gamepad serta kamera nirkabel sebagai pemandu citra bagi operator yang mengendalikannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini ialah melakukan modifikasi sistem pengendalian serta menambahkan kamera nirkabel pada traktor roda empat mini Kubota B6100. Pada penelitian ini, daya minimum untuk steering ialah sebesar 22.87 Watt, tuas akselerasi ialah 0.31 Watt, sedangkan untuk tuas kopling ialah sebesar 17.54 Watt. Pengendali kopling pada penelitian bertujuan untuk menghentikan laju traktor di lahan dan memudahkan untuk pengendalian transmisi. Modul remote control digunakan untuk mengendalikan traktor dan menerima transmisi data video dari kamera nirkabel pada traktor. Kotak controller pada traktor digunakan untuk menerima perintah dari remote control pada operator dan terdiri dari komponen-komponen pendukung. Fungsi kamera nirkabel pada penelitian ini ialah untuk membantu operator dalam memantau kondisi di depan traktor dan menghindari halangan.
Keyword: wireless camera., SPC wireless gamepad interface module, Four wheels drive tractor

Judul: Lejeuneaceae Subfamily Ptychanthoideae (Hepaticae) in  West Java
Abstrak: Subfamily Ptychanthoideae of the family Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) in West Java is still poorly known. Publications on this subfamily are out of dated and written in the 19th or early of 20th century. The last taxonomic treatment of Ptychanthoideae of West Java was in 1933, many species names have changed since then. Studies on Ptychanthoideae of West Java are urgently needed. Studies on the Ptychanthoideae were based on the specimens collected from West Java. A total number of 361 of specimens deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), Herbarium Biotrop (BIOT), Gottingen Herbarium (GOET) and Bangi Herbarium (UKMB) were examined, those are old and several recent specimens collected in West Java. Recent collections were made from Telaga Warna, Ciater, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Cibodas Botanical Garden, Bodogol Education Center and Conservation (Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park), University of Indonesia Campus Depok, including several collections from Banten Province. Twenty four species of Lejeuneaceae subfamily Ptychanthoideae are known from West Java, belonging to 8 genera namely Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (2 species), Archilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (1 species), Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (10 species), Mastigolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (3 species), Ptychanthus Nees (1 species), Schiffneriolejeunea Verd. (1 species), Spruceanthus Verd. (2 species) and Thysananthus Lindenb. (4 species). Two new records of Ptychanthoideae: Mastigolejeunea indica Steph. and Thysananthus minor Verdoorn are reported for Java. A determination key to the species is presented including their descriptions and illustrations.
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