Judul: Characterization of upper konaweha watershed and testing the effect of land cover and climate change with hydrological model
Abstrak: Land cover and climate conditions have an important role in supporting the hydrological function in waterhed area. Hydrological modeling approach can be used to analyze the response of hydrological functions to land cover and climate change. In this research, we used the Generic River Flow (GenRiver) Models to simulate the impact of land cover convertion and simple climate change on the water balance of the Upper Konaweha Watershed (2856 km2) that is located in Konawe and Kolaka District, Southeast Sulawesi. Later, the discharge of Upper Konaweha Watershed will lead to Pelosika Dam. The objective as well as the steps of this study were: (1) to describe the characteristics of hydrological and climate of Upper Konaweha watershed as an input of hydrological model; (2) to calibrate the GenRiver and HBV Models based on observational data, and if necessary modify the GenRiver Models, and (3) to simulate the impacts of climate and land cover change using a hydrological model. The simulation of the impact of land cover and climate change toward present hydrological condition was based on 1990-2010 data. While the future simulation scenarios for the next 21 years (2010-2030), considered 8 factorial combinations of: (1) Bussiness as usual (BAU) (extrapolatimng land cover change as occurred in the last 21 years (1990-2010)) versus no change from 2010 condition; (2) local translation of global climate scenarios AIF1 and B1 (IPCC Scenarios); and (3) high and low rainfall intensity. Upper Konaweha Watershed has annual rainfall variated between 907.1-2270.2 mm with average of potential evaporation 115.1 mm. Based on the characteristic of stream network, Upper Konaweha Watershed can be divided into nine sub-watershed. The performance evaluation results between GenRiver and HBV model showed that both models have equal performance with the difference of NSE is 0.02. While the simulation result showed the potential changes in rainfall intensity, without change in daily rainfall, would have considerable impact on surface flow and seasonal pattern of discharge. Otherwise, land cover change will have a more modest impact and climate changed on IPCC Scenario will not be expected to have a significant influence on water balance in the Upper Konaweha Watershed.
Keyword: climate change, GenRiver, HBV, land cover change, water balance

Judul: Climate risk analysis at upper citarum watershed effect of climate and land use change
Abstrak: This research was conducted in Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java province with total area of 172,046 ha, from May to November 2012. The main objective of this study was to assess the effect of climate and land use changes on current and future flood risk in the upper watershed. The assessment was done using dynamic simulation model called Soil Water Assesessment Tool (SWAT). The SWAT model was calibrated using observation data from January 2001 to December 2002 and validated using observation data of 2003 and 2004. Calibration process were done using SUFI. The SUFI-2_SWAT CUP adjusted 20 parameters of the model consisting of streamflow, groundwater, main channel, hygrograph response unit, landuse management and soil parameters that provide the maximum correlation value between observation and simulation. The result of validation of the calibrated model provided Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) of 0.773 with R2 0.771 indicating the model is reliable to be used for further assessment. The assessment used land use 2000, 2010 and land use projection up to 2025 assuming the pattern of land use change following historical pattern. The percent forest cover under the three landuses was 42%, 34% and 26% respectively. The result of the assessment indicated that the land use influences the flood risk. The land with less forest cover would be exposed to higher flood risk. Under land use of 2000, the return period of having heavy flood was once in 14 years, under land use of 2010 and 2025, it increased to once in 13 and 10 years respectively. Climate change would increase flood risk. Under land use of 2010, the return period of flood risk will increase from once in 13 years to once in 5 years.
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Judul: Sifat fisik dan kandungan Fe Meatloaf yang menggunakan tepung daging sapi sebagai bahan baku
Abstrak: Meatlof merupakan produk yang serupa dengan sosis. Hal yang membedakannya ialah pada meatloaf dilakukan pengisian ke dalam loyang dan dipanggang pada suhu 180 °C selama 30 menit. Meatloaf biasanya terbuat dari daging segar, yang memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi, baik dari segi nilai biologis, kecernaannya maupun kelengkapan asam aminonya dibandingkan bahan nabati, namun masih dinilai sebagai bahan pangan yang sifatnya perishable (mudah rusak). Pembuatan tepung daging melalui proses freeze drying bertujuan untuk meningkatkan umur simpan dan memudahkan pemanfaatannya dalam pembuatan produk olahan. Penggunaan tepung daging sapi dalam pembuatan meat loaf daging sapi diharapkan menjadi alternatif dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani dan menjadi langkah awal untuk inovasi teknologi pembuatan meatloaf daging sapi yang praktis.
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