Judul: Matchmaking Projects with Communities: Analysing whether Livelihood Improvement Initiatives Meet the Needs and Constraints of Poor Fishers in West Sumatra
Abstrak: Despite a fast growing economy, many Indonesians still live in poverty or are vulnerable to falling into poverty. Fishing is an economic sector closely associated with poverty and there has been a range of initiatives aimed at improving livelihoods and reducing poverty amongst poor fishers. Concerns remain that these initiatives have failed to target the right people in the right way. In response to this concern, this research based in the province of West Sumatra uses interviews in 25 fishing communities, coupled with secondary data, to evaluate; 1) the sectors of the fishing industry that the poor operate in and what the relationship is between poverty and fishing, 2) the factors that enable or constrain their livelihoods and 3) whether livelihood improvement programs address these factors. The analysis highlights that poor fishers are growing in number and are mainly labourers, small boat owners and small-scale processors/traders. Poverty in fishing is not significantly correlated with fishing dependency but is significantly correlated with poverty in the agricultural sector. Fishing is a poor economic sector, but incidences of poverty are less when other economic sectors, for example the service and financial sector, are strong. Thirty one enabling and constraining factors were identified and grouped according to six asset categories. Interviews with 151 households from a variety of backgrounds in two fishing communities were analysed using multi-dimensional scaling. Vessel owners possess higher physical, financial and human capital than crew members but that there was no difference in the natural, social and institutional fields. Institutional support across all sectors scored poorly. Government programs tend to bridge the gap between crew members and owners by providing physical capital without necessarily addressing the underlying financial and human capital limitations that labourers face. The research concludes with an explanation of the main routes out of poverty for a poor fisher and recommendations and how future livelihood improvement programs can better address the needs and constraints of the poor.
Keyword: Poverty alleviation, Alternative livelihoods, Small-scale fisheries, Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS)

Judul: Factors Affecting The Poverty of Fishermen in Kamalmuara, North Jakarta
Abstrak: Kemiskinan masih terjadi pada nelayan di tengah melimpahnya hasil kekayaan sumber daya laut Indonesia, dimana potensi pesisir dan laut yang begitu besar ternyata belum mampu menyejahterahkan kehidupan nelayan. Hubungan antara nelayan miskin dengan pembangunan wilayah adalah akibat dari kemiskinan nelayan yang berkontribusi terhadap kondisi kemiskinan dan ketertinggalan di wilayah pesisir. Dimana karena nelayan ini tinggal di wilayah pesisir, maka wilayah pesisir ini dikatakan tertinggal dibandingkan dengan wilayah-wilayah lain yang sudah maju. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat kemiskinan nelayan, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan nelayan sehingga menyebabkan kemiskinan, dan mengetahui peran dan strategi pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh stakeholders dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan nelayan di Kelurahan Kamalmuara. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan cara survei dengan pemilihan responden dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik stratified-accidental sampling, dengan 87 responden yang diambil secara proporsional per strata. Teknik pengolahan dan analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan analisis tingkat kemiskinan, analisis regresi linear berganda, dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode studi kasus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, tingkat kemiskinan nelayan di Kelurahan Kamalmuara, jika dibandingkan dengan garis kemiskinan Badan Pusat Statistik sebesar 42,5% nelayan, sementara jika dibandingkan dengan garis kemiskinan Bank Dunia, ada 70,1%. Faktor yang memengaruhi pendapatan nelayan di Kelurahan Kamalmuara sehingga menyebabkan kemiskinan adalah ukuran perahu. Masyarakat nelayan menginginkan pemberdayaan masyarakat dari stakeholders dalam pengadaan kapal dengan ukuran GT yang lebih besar, serta alat tangkap dan alat pendeteksi ikan, mengadakan kembali program pelatihan pengolahan hasil perikanan dan non perikanan, peminjaman modal usaha, serta pemberian alternatif kesempatan kerja di luar sektor perikanan., Poverty still occurs among fishermen amid the abundance of wealth of Indonesia's marine resources, where the enormous coastal and marine potential has not improved the welfare of fishermen's lives. The relationship between poor fishermen and regional development results from fishermen's poverty which contributes to poverty and underdevelopment conditions in coastal areas; where because these fishermen live in coastal areas, these coastal areas are lagging compared to other developed areas. This study aims to determine the poverty level of fishermen, analyze the factors that affect fishermen's income causing poverty, and find out the role and empowerment strategies carried out by stakeholders in alleviating poverty in Kamalmuara Urban Village. This research was conducted through a survey with the selection of respondents using stratified-accidental sampling techniques, with 87 respondents taken proportionally per strata. This study's data processing and analysis techniques use poverty level analysis, multiple linear regression analysis, and qualitative descriptive analysis using the case study method. Based on the study results, the poverty rate of fishermen in Kamalmuara Urban Village, when compared to the Central Bureau of Statistics poverty line, is 42,5% of fishermen; compared to the World Bank poverty line, there are 70,1%. The factor that affects the income of fishermen in Kamalmuara Urban Village that causes poverty is the size of the boat. The fishing community wants community empowerment from stakeholders in procuring vessels with larger GT sizes, fishing gear, and fish detection equipment, re-holding training programs for processing fishery and non-fishery products, lending business capital, and providing alternative employment opportunities outside the fisheries sector.
Keyword: kemiskinan nelayan, kamalmuara jakarta, pendapatan nelayan, ukuran kapal

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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