Judul: Biscuit Formulation with Fish Meal of King Catfish (Clarias gariepinus), Folic Acid, Vitamin A and Iron (Fe) to Improve the Women's Health During Pregnancy and Breast Feeding {Preliminary Study Used In-vivo Test to Mice (Mus mucuslus)
Abstrak: Fish meal is a source of good and complete nutrition. In form of fish meal, it still could be used as a source of protein, either for food or feed utilization. Catfish is a species of freshwater fish consumed in Indonesia, it has a good taste and high nutritional content. Most of all consumed catfish in Indonesia are produced from aquaculture farm. To increase the utilization (beside being processed into several main products and its diversification), catfish could also be processed into fish meal, which used as substitutional material for wheat flour in this study. Biscuit were formulated with additional material of catfish meal (from body and head parts), folic acid, ferro sulphate and retinol A. The study was carried out through an in-vivo laboratory research using 75 mice (Mus mucuslus). The study indicated that fish meal from the head part as much as 24.19 percentwhile from the body 63.15 percent. The appearance is slightly brownish for head's fish meal and whiter for body's fish meal. Proximate chemical tests on samples of biscuit formula shows that the levels of fat and protein have met the fismeal’s national standards, while the moisture content, ash and carbohydrates are still below the standards (SNI 01-2973-1992). Growth in weight of mice witch fed biscuit samples were better than mice with control feed (F5). The F1-F4 formula larger 22.17 percent compared with formula F5. The total serum test was carried out and showed that the biscuits formula fortified with folic acid, vitamin A and iron (Fe) significantly affected on the increase of mice's micronutrient status.
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Judul: Development of Mung Bean Flour Mocaf Biscuits with the Addition of Fenugreek Seeds as an Alternative Snack for Breastfeeding Mothers
Abstrak: Pemberian ASI yang tidak eksklusif dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, salah satunya adalah produksi ASI yang kurang. Biji fenugreek merupakan kelompok tanaman yang mengandung senyawa galactogogue serta masih terbatas pemanfaatannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan biskuit mocaf tepung kacang hijau dengan penambahan biji fenugreek sebagai alternatif kudapan bagi ibu menyusui. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga taraf formula, yaitu F0 (kontrol), F1 (0,5% biji fenugreek), dan F2 (1% biji fenugreek). Analisis yang dilakukan adalah uji organoleptik pendahuluan untuk penentuan formula kontrol dan uji organoleptik utama, analisis kandungan gizi, uji fisik, kapasitas antioksidan metode DPPH, analisis mineral zat besi, serta uji daya terima kepada target sasaran kelompok ibu menyusui. Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik dan analisis kandungan gizi, F1 ditetapkan sebagai formula terpilih. Biskuit formulasi terpilih mengandung kadar air 3,28%, kadar abu 2,45%, protein 5,85%, lemak 14,43%, karbohidrat 73,88%, kapasitas antioksidan 351,28 mg Vit C/100 g biskuit, serta zat besi sebesar 2,34 mg/100 gram biskuit. Satu takaran saji biskuit setara dengan 5 keping serta memberikan kontribusi energi sebesar 225 kkal. Biskuit formula terpilih (F1) dapat diterima oleh target sasaran kelompok ibu menyusui dengan persentase penerimaan sebesar 82,4% untuk penerimaan keseluruhan uji hedonik., Non-exclusive breastfeeding is influenced by many factors, one of which is insufficient breast milk production. Fenugreek seeds are a group of plants that contain galactogogue compounds and their use is still limited. This research aimed to develop mung bean flour mocaf biscuits with the addition of fenugreek seeds as an alternative snack for breastfeeding mothers. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design with three formula levels, namely F0 (control), F1 (0.5% fenugreek seeds), and F2 (1% fenugreek seeds). The analysis carried out were preliminary organoleptic test to determine the control formula and main organoleptic tests, nutritional content analysis, physical tests and antioxidant capacity used DPPH method, iron mineral analysis, as well as an acceptability test for the target group of breastfeeding mothers. Based on the results of organoleptic tests and nutritional content analysis, F1 was determined as the selected formula. The selected formula of biscuits contains 3.28% water, 2.45% ash, 5.85% protein, 14.43% fat, 73.88% carbohydrates, with antioxidant capacity of 351.28 mg Vit C/100 g biscuits, and iron was 2.34 mg/100 grams of biscuit. One serving of biscuits is equivalent to 5 pieces and contributes energy of 225 kcal. The selected formula biscuits (F1) were acceptable to the target group of breastfeeding mothers with an acceptance percentation of 82.4% for the overall acceptance of the hedonic test.
Keyword: antioxidant capacity, biscuits, breastfeeding mothers, fenugreek seeds, mocaf

Judul: Jejaring Sosial Dan Konflik Masyarakat Pedesaan (Kasus Di Pulau Saparua Propinsi Maluku)
Abstrak: Konflik Maluku adalah konflik yang diawali oleh pertikaian antara dua individu berbeda etnis di Kota Ambon. Pertikaian tersebut kemudian melebar menjadi konflik antar pendatang dan penduduk asli. Akhirnya konflik bergeser menjadi konflik bernuansa agama, yaitu antara mereka yang beragama Islam (Salam) dengan Protestan dan Katolik (Sarani). Konflik yang terjadi menyebar sampai ke wilayah lain di luar Pulau Ambon meliputi Pulau-pulau Seram, Buru, Saparua, Haruku bahkan kemudian sampai ke seluruh wilayah Maluku termasuk Maluku Utara. Kejadian konflik berfluktuatif selama hampir enam tahun, sejak tahun 1999 sampai pertengahan tahun 2004. Hasil-hasil penelitian terdahulu menjelaskan penyebab konflik Maluku adalah persaingan penduduk asli dengan pendatang, pertarungan elit lokal Salam dan Sarani dalam memperebutkan posisi di bidang pemerintahan, serta penetrasi Undang-Undang Pemerintahan Desa yang meminggirkan budaya lokal yang hidup dalam masyarakat. Namun hasil-hasil penelitian tersebut, belum menjelaskan penyebab konflik di pedesaan Maluku.
Keyword: Saparua conflict, Ambon conflict, local costumery elites