Judul: Profil Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antikalkuli Ekstrak Air Daun Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus) secara In Vitro dan In Vivo
Abstrak: Catharanthus roseus leaves have been traditionally used for kidney stone’s treatment, but scientifically study about it hasnot been done. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical component and examine the anticalculi activity aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseus in vitro and in vivo. Phytochemical analysis is conducted qualitatively. In vitro anticalculi activity carried out to observe the decay of calcium oxalate in various concentration of extract. In vivo testing using aqueous extract with dose 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg in induced Sprague dawley rats by ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 1% ad libitum for 10 days. Phytochemical components contained in aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseus include of alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids. Aqueous extract with 5% concentration has the highest ability to decay calcium oxalate that is equal to 262.13 ± 12.36 ppm. Aqueous extract could increase body weight and decrease serum creatinine along with the rat kidney’s calcium, but it couldn’t reduce the number of renal crystal deposition. This indicates that aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseu leaves don’t have anticalculi activity.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), anticalculi, kidney stones, aqueous extract, Catharanthus roseus

Judul: Aktivitas Antikalkuli Ekstrak Etanol Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus) Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo pada Tikus dengan Induksi Etilen Glikol
Abstrak: Catharanthus roseus leaf is empirically utilized plant to treat the kidney stone. Otherwise, this thing hasn’t been proved scientifically. The aim of this research is to test the 96% ethanolic extract of leaf in vitro at calcium oxalate crystal and in vivo at Sprague dawley rat which induced with ethylene glycol 0.75%. The phytochemical screening and decay of calcium oxalate was performed during in vitro assay than the creatinine and calcium oxalate in vivo content was measured. The water content value of symplisia as 3.83% and extract rendement as 32.129%. The analysis result of phytochemical extract contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin and triterpenoid. The in vitro anticalculi activity showed ability of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation inhibition. The in vivo anticalculi activity indicates recovery of renal function and reduce amount of deposited kidney crystal. The extract with dose 100 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight wasn’t significally different at (p<0.05). Catharanthus roseus ethanolic extract potentially treat the kidney stone in vitro and in vivo
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Anticalculi., Sprague dawley, Catharanthus roseus

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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