Judul: Masalah Cutting Stock Satu Dimensi yang Meminimumkan Banyaknya Pola Berbeda
Abstrak: Cutting stock problem (CSP) merupakan masalah menentukan cara terbaik agar objek yang berukuran besar dapat dipotong menjadi objek yang berukuran lebih kecil sesuai permintaan dan sisa yang minimum. Namun selain bertujuan meminimumkan sisa bahan, ada masalah lain dalam CSP yaitu meminimumkan banyaknya pola pemotongan yang berbeda. Hal ini disebabkan karena adanya biaya setup setiap suatu pola berbeda dipotong. Karya ilmiah ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan banyaknya pola berbeda yang optimal pada suatu masalah agar biaya pemotongan minimum. Suatu masalah pembangunan 12 pendopo akan dimodelkan ke dalam cutting stock satu dimensi yang meminimumkan banyaknya pola berbeda dalam bentuk pemrograman linear. Model ini diselesaikan dengan algoritme column generation dan menggunakan perangkat lunak Lingo 18.0. Hasil optimal yang diperoleh adalah lima pola pemotongan besi yang berbeda dengan biaya pemotongan besi berupa pendekatan sebesar Rp270.513.000,00. Jumlah total stok besi yang digunakan adalah 93 batang besi baja yang terdiri dari pola 5 sebanyak 48 besi, pola 7 sebanyak 3 besi, pola 8 sebanyak 21 besi, pola 11 sebanyak 15 besi, dan pola 12 sebanyak 6 besi., Cutting stock problem (CSP) is a problem to determine the best way so that the large objects can be cut into smaller objects on demand and with minimum waste. However, besides of minimize material waste, there is another problem with CSP which is to minimize different cutting patterns. This is because there will be setup costs for each different pattern are cut. This scientific work aims to obtain the optimal number of different patterns on a problem so the cutting costs are minimum. A problem about the construction of 12 pavilions will be modeled into a onedimensional cutting stock that minimizes the number of different patterns in linear programming. This model is solved by column generation algorithm and using Lingo 18.0 software. The optimal results obtained are five different iron cutting patterns with the cost of iron cutting in approach is Rp270.513.000,00. The total amount of iron stock used is 93 iron bars, consisting of 48 bars of 5th pattern, 3 bars of 7th pattern, 21 bars of 8th pattern, 15 bars of 11th pattern, and 6 bars of 12th pattern.
Keyword: column generation, cutting stock problem, different pattern, linear programming, setup cost

Judul: Penyelesaian Cutting Stock Problem Dua Dimensi Menggunakan Pattern Generation Technique
Abstrak: Cutting Stock Problem (CSP) dua dimensi adalah suatu permasalahan pemotongan barang (item) yang berfokus pada dua sisi pemotongan yaitu anjang dan lebar. Pemotongan yang dilakukan bertujuan untuk meminimumkan sisa hasil pemotongan yang didapatkan. Salah satu metode dalam pemotongan CSP dua dimensi adalah pattern generation. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pola pemotongan optimal menggunakan pattern generation yang meminimalkan sisa hasil pemotongan kain di RB GROUP yang diimplementasikan menggunakan bantuan Excel dan software optimisasi Lingo 18.0. Hasil yang diperoleh untuk meminimumkan sisa pemotongan kain rol pada RB GROUP dapat dilakukan dengan memotong 2 kain rol berukuran 50 m × 1.5 m dengan pola 1633 yaitu 129 celana pendek ukuran XL, 84 ukuran L, dan 38 ukuran M, serta pola 1653 dengan 129 celana pendek ukuran XL, 51 ukuran L, dan 72 ukuran M. Kombinasi tersebut menghasilkan sisa pemotongan sebesar 14.81% dari total kain rol yang digunakan. Persentase tersebut lebih kecil 2.83 % dari persentase sisa pemotongan yang dilakukan oleh RB GROUP., The two-dimensional Cutting Stock Problem (CSP) is a problem of cutting items that focuses on two cutting dimensions: length and width. The cutting is aimed at minimizing the resulting of leftover cutting. One of the methods for solving the two-dimensional CSP is pattern generation. This research aims to obtain optimal cutting patterns using pattern generation to minimize the leftover fabric in RB GROUP's cutting process, implemented with the assistance of Excel and Lingo 18.0 optimization software. The results obtained indicate that to minimize the leftover fabric in roll cutting at RB GROUP, it is possible to cut 2 rolls of fabric with dimensions of 50 m × 1.5 m using pattern 1633, consisting of 129 XL-sized shorts, 84 L-sized shorts, and 38 M-sized shorts, as well as pattern 1653, consisting of 129 XL-sized shorts, 51 L-sized shorts, and 72 M-sized shorts. This combination results in a leftover fabric of 14.81% of the total fabric used. This percentage is 2.83% smaller than the leftover fabric percentage achieved by RB GROUP.
Keyword: cutting stock, leftover cutting, optimal, pattern generation

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity