Judul: The potency of antifungal bioactive compound producing bacteria to control rice sheath blight disease
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to (i) screen some potential bacteria as biological control agents of the sheath blight disease caused by R. solani, (ii) identify character of the selected bacteria strains as biological control agents, and (iii) characterize the antifungal activities of the antifungal bioactive compound produced by the selected strains against R. solani. The antagonist bacteria were isolated from rhizospheric soil, rice plant, and pond water collected from several locations. Screening of bacteria strains on the growth inhibition of R. solani was conducted in the laboratory, while the selection of bacteria for their effectiveness to suppress sheath blight disease were done in the screen house. The result of this research showed that there are three bacterial isolates which antifungal activity significantly suppressed the rice sheath blight disease, i.e. TT47, SS19, and BR2 with suppression ability of 79,6, 56,4, and 49,47%, respectively. Molecular analysis of partial sequence of 16S rRNA showed that SS19, TT47, and BR2 isolates were Serratia marcescens, Ralstonia pickettii, and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. These biocontrol agents are not phythotoxic, produce siderophore, and phosphate-solubilizing. S. marcescens SS19 and R. pickettii TT47 were chitin-degrading bacteria but B. subtilis BR2 was not. The filtrate from fermentation broth of the R. pickettii TT47 and B. subtilis BR2 inhibited the growth of R. solani. The antifungal bioactive compound was relatively stable on pH range from acidic to basic (pH 4, pH 7, and pH 10). The optimum activity of antifungal bioactive compound was at room temperature (25-27 0C) and tend to decrease at higher temperature (60, 80. 100, and 121 0 Key words: The rice sheath blight, antifungal bioactive compounds, Serratia marcescens, Ralstonia pickettii, Bacillus subtilis. C). The antifungal activity of hexane extract of R. pickettii TT47 and ethyl acetate extract of B. subtilis BR2 in vitro revealed significant growth inhibition to R. solani, respectively by 86,3% and 77,8%. MIC of hexane extract and ethyl acetate extract were 0,1 mg/l and 10 mg/l respectively, and both extracts are not phythotoxic against the rice seedling.
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Rhizoctonia solani Kühn, Plant diseases

Judul: Potensi Bacillus sp. Galur G3, Bacillus firmus E65, dan bakteri metanotrof sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan patogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae dan Rhizoctonia solani
Abstrak: The use of bacilli and methanotropic bacteria as biocontrol agents for rice bacterial pathogens of X. oryzae pv. oryzae and R. solani can enhance rice production and reduce methane emission from rice fields. Some of methanotrophs had nitrogen fixation activity. Antagonism methods was tested to determine the ability of two bacilli species (Bacillus sp. G3 and B. firmus E65) and two methanotrophs (BGM 9 and SKM 14) in inhibiting growth of X. oryzae pv. oryzae and R. solani and inhibition between the two groups of bacteria. Methanotrophs (BGM 9 and SKM 14) inhibited growth of X. oryzae pv. oryzae with inhibition index (IP) of 2,27 and 2,79 respectively. Bacillus sp. G3, B. firmus E65 and SKM 14 isolates inhibited growth of R. solani with inhibition index of 0.63, 0.64, and 0.56 respectively. B. firmus E65 inhibited growth of methanotrophs (BGM 9 and SKM 14) and R. solani. Formulation of biocontrol agents containing Bacillus sp. G3 and methanotrophs (BGM 9 and SKM 14) can be done because there was no antagonism among the three bacteria. However the combination of B. firmus E65 and the metanotrophs should not be done in one formulation because of the antagonism between B. firmus E65 and the metanotrophs.
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Judul: Performa Kuda Delman sebagai Alat Transportasi di Kota Bogor.
Abstrak: Kuda (Equus caballus) merupakan salah satu ternak yang sejak lama sudah memiliki hubungan dengan manusia. Peran kuda dalam kehidupan manusia dapat dilihat dari fungsinya sebagai mata pencaharin, alat transportasi, olahraga, dan sarana rekreasi. Delman merupakan salah satu alat transportasi tradisional di Kota Bogor yang memanfaatkan tenaga seekor kuda. Delman biasa digunakan untuk memindahkan orang dan barang dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Kehadiran teknologi sekarang ini telah merubah peran dan fungsi delman dari alat transportasi atau pengangkutan menjadi alat untuk sarana rekreasi.
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