Judul: Polymorphism of Prolactin (PRL) Gene Exon 5 and It’s Association with Egg Production on IPB-D1 Chicken
Abstrak: Gen prolaktin pada ayam (PRL) merupakan salah satu gen yang mengontrol sifat mengeram dan produksi telur pada ayam petelur. Sifat yang banyak ditemukan pada ayam lokal yaitu sifat mengeram dan rontok bulu. Sifat ini akan menurunkan produksi telur dan mengganggu sistem reproduksi pada ayam lokal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi keragaman gen prolaktin pada ayam IPB-D1 serta asosiasinya dengan produksi telurnya. Keragaman pada gen prolaktin ekson 5 dilihat pada 112 sampel DNA ayam IPB-D1 betina yang dikoleksi dari Laboratorium Lapangan Genetika dan Pemuliaan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Ekstraksi DNA pada penelitian menggunakan teknik phenol-chloroform. Amplifikasi DNA menujukkan panjang PCR produk sebesar 557 pb. Hasil penelitian menemukan 3 SNP pada gen prolaktin ekson 5 yaitu g.7823 A>G, g.7886 T>A, dan g.8052 T>C. Seluruh SNPs bersifat polimorfik dan berada dalam kesetimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Hasil analisis asosiasi titik mutasi g.8052T>C berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap persentase produksi telur harian ayam IPB-D1 dan dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat marker assisted selection (MAS) sifat produksi telur ayam IPB-D1., The prolactin (PRL) gene is a gene that controls the incubation and egg production in laying chickens. The nature of incubation will reduce egg production and disrupt the reproductive system in local chickens. The purpose of this study was to identify the polymorphism of prolactin genes in IPB-D1 chickens and it’s association with egg production. The polymorphism of the exon 5 prolactin gene was carried out on 112 samples of IPB-D1 chicken deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) which was a collection of the Division of Animal Genetics and Breeding, Faculty of Animal Science IPB. DNA extraction was carried out using the phenol-chloroform technique. DNA amplification resulted in a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product with a size of 557 bp. The results found 3 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in the PRL gene exon 5, namely g.7835A>G, g.7886A>T, and g.8052T>C. Each mutation was in Hardy-Weinberg’s equilibrium and polymorphic. The SNP association analysis on egg production showed that the point mutation g.8052T>C had a significant effect on the egg production of IPBD1 chickens that potential as a marker assisted selection for the characteristics of egg production in IPB-D1 chickens
Keyword: IPB-D1 chicken, egg production, prolactin gene

Judul: Karakterisasi Gen Prolaktin (PRL) pada Ayam Kampung Ayam Walik Ayam Leher Gundul dan Ayam Arab
Abstrak: Indigenous and local chicken germ plasm in Indonesia have a high potency to be developed. One of the potency that can be developed is an improvement egg production. Low egg production of those chickens can be increased by selecting the in broodiness. Broodiness is controlled by prolactin gene (PRL). Since the characteristics of PRL gene of kampung, walik, leher gundul and arab are still limited refence, therefore this study aim to investigate the characteristic of PRL gene on their. Blood samples were extracted to obtain DNA. PCR then was used to amplified the fragment of PRL. A total of 20 samples successfully amplified at annealing temperature of 60 °C for 45 seconds and then directly sequenced. DNA sequencing results were analyzed using the MEGA 5 program. PRL gene in this study had similarity of 98%-99% with the PRL gene sequence data available on GenBank. This study also shows that there were 11 point mutation of PRL gene’s fragment with the type of mutations were deletions, insertions, transitions and transvertion. Those mutation types have potency as new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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