Judul: Effect of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Bacteria as Inoculum on Nutrien Content and Characteristics of Rice Straw Silage
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi galur bakteri asam laktat (BAL) yang sesuai untuk pembuatan silase jerami padi Varietas Sintanur dan mengevaluasi pengaruh BAL sebagai inokulum dan waktu ensilase untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase jerami padi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pusat Riset Zoologi Terapan, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional (BRIN). Penelitian ini dirancang menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial 3x4 (RAL). Faktor pertama adalah jenis inokulum (1%) dan faktor kedua adalah waktu fermentasi (7, 14, 28 dan 58 hari). Tahap pertama seleksi dilakukan dengan menapis 9 isolat Lactiplantibacillus plantarum berdasarkan kemampuan memproduksi asam (pH) dan jumlah kandungan asam laktatnya. Tahap kedua dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kurva pertumbuhan isolat terpilih sebagai inokulum silase jerami padi. Tahap ketiga adalah pengujian kualitas silase jerami padi dengan parameter yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, kandungan asam laktat, Water Soluble Carbohydrate (WSC), kandungan NH3-N, kandungan protein, kadar abu, kadar air dan berat bahan kering. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan analisis varians (ANOVA) dan jika terdapat pengaruh nyata perlakuan dilanjutkan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. Galur bakteri asam laktat yang terpilih L. plantarum 1A2 dan 098 menunjukkan hasil interaksi yang signifikan (p<0,05) antar perlakuan inokulum dan waktu inkubasi. Tidak ada pengaruh interaksi antara faktor inokulum dan lama fermentasi pada kadar abu dan kadar air. Nilai pH, kandungan asam laktat, WSC, kandungan NH3-N kandungan protein dan bahan kering berbeda nyata (p<0,05) dipengaruhi oleh inokulum dan lama fermentasi silase jerami padi. Inokulum L. plantarum 098 meningkatkan kadar protein kasar, asam laktat dan NH3-N dalam silase jerami padi dan menurunkan pH sehingga meningkatkan kualitas fermentasi pada silase., This study aimed to evaluate the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains that are suitable for producing rice straw silage Sintanur variety and the effect of LAB as an inoculum and ensilage days to improve the quality of silage. The experiment was conducted at the Research Center for Applied Zoology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN). This experiment was designed using a 3×4 factorial arrangement in a completely randomized design (CRD). The first factor was inoculums (1%) and the second factor was the incubation time (7, 14, 28 and 58 days). Selection of microbes that can produce acid (pH) from 9 inoculums of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum bacteria, two stains of lactic acid bacteria 1A2 and 098 were added to the 150 g rice straw. The parameters observed included the production of pH, lactic acid, WSC, and NH3-N well as the proximate analyze crude protein, ash, dry matter, and water contents. The data were analyzed based on the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and if there was a significant effect the data were further analyzed with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed significant interactions (p<0.05) compared with treating inoculant and ensiling days. The inoculant and ensiling days, however, had no interaction effect on ash and water content. The fermentation time influenced (p<0.05) the production of quality silage. pH, lactic acid, WSC, NH3-N, and crude protein significant interactions (p<0.05). In conclusion, Inoculant 098 increased the crude protein, lactic acid, and NH3-N in rice straw silage and decreased the pH improving the fermentation quality. Keywords: fermentation, rice straw silage, inoculant, lactic acid bacteria
Keyword: fermentation, rice straw silage, inoculant, lactic acid bacteria

Judul: Level of Addition of Lactic Acid  Bacteria to Rice Straw Silage and Oil Palm Frond Silage Resulted from Fiber  Cracking Technology
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh level pemberian bakteri asam laktat dengan taraf 0%, 0,1%, 0,3% dan 0,5% pada silase jerami padi dan silase pelepah sawit yang telah diolah melalui proses fiber cracking technology (FCT). Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) factorial dengan 2 faktor A (perbedaan hijauan), 4 faktor B (taraf penambahan BAL) dan 4 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah parameter pH, konsentrasi amonia (NH3), volatile Fatty Acid (VFA), kecernaan Bahan Kering (KCBK), kecernaan bahan organik (KCBO). Data kecernaan in vitro dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan, Sedangkan parameter kualitas silase dan komposisi kimia bahan silase menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penggunaan bahan jerami padi dan pelepah sawit memiliki pengaruh terhadap parameter kualitas silase, komposisi kimia dan kecernaan in vitro. Sedangkan faktor penambahan BAL hanya berpengaruh terhadap nilai konsentrasi VFA total., This study aimed to identify the level of effect from lactic acid bacteria at 0%, 0.1%, 0.3% and 0.5% on rice straw silage and oil palm frond silage which had been processed through the fiber cracking technology (FCT) process. This study used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 2 factors A (forage differences), 4 factors B (level of addition of LAB) and 4 replications. The observed variables were pH parameters, ammonia concentration (NH3), volatile Fatty Acid (VFA), dry matter digestibility and organic matter digestibility. In vitro digestibility data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's test, while the silage quality and chemical composition parameters used descriptive analysis. The results showed that the factor of using rice straw and palm fronds had an influence on the parameters of silage quality, chemical composition and digestibility in vitro. While the addition of LAB only affects the value of the total VFA concentration.
Keyword: fiber cracking technology, lactic acid bacteria, oil palm frond, rice  straw, silage

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology