Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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Judul: Live Body Weight Estimation of Garut Sheep Based on Different Linear Body Measurement
Abstrak: Pendugaan bobot badan ternak dengan menggunakan pengukuran tubuh lebih mudah, dan murah bagi peternak rakyat, namun sering terjadi kendala ketidakakuratan dalam memperkirakan bobot hidup ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji bobot hidup domba garut berdasarkan tinggi pundak, panjang badan, dan lingkar dada badan melalui rumus analisis regresi linier. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan jumlah 78 ekor domba garut yaitu 34 ekor jantan dan 44 ekor betina. Hubungan bobot badan dengan ketiga variabel ukuran linier dianalisis menggunakan persamaan regresi linier. Persamaan regresi linier untuk domba jantan muda (I0) dengan ukuran tinggi pundak adalah y=- 55,39+1,3560x, panjang badan y=-48,75+1,3620x, dan lingkar dada adalah y=- 38,52+0,8834x. Selanjutnya, persamaan regresi domba jantan dewasa (I1-I3) dengan ukuran tinggi pundak adalah y=-102,3+2,1450x, panjang badan y=- 63,72+1,7540x, dan lingkar dada y=-75,79+1,4030x. Persamaan regresi linier k domba betina muda (I0) dengan ukuran tinggi pundak adalah y=-13,14+0,5978x, panjang badan y=-10,90+0,6233x, dan lingkar dada adalah y=-1,821+0,3340x. Sedangkan persamaan regresi domba betina dewasa (I1-I3) dengan ukuran tinggi pundak adalah y=-41,35+1,2070x, panjang badan y=-16,30+0,9337x, dan lingkar dada y=-30,85+0,7795x, nilai y sebagai bobot badan (kg) dan nilai x sebagai ukuran linier tubuh domba (cm). Kesimpulan dari penelitian adalah domba garut muda (I0) memiliki koefisien korelasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan domba domba garut berumur dewasa (I1-I3)., Estimate the live body weight of livestock using the linier body measurements is easier and cheaper for smallholder breeders, but there are often inaccuracies in estimate live weight of livestock. The aim of this study to estimate the live body weight of garut sheeps based on height at wither, body length, and chest circumference through linier regression analysis formulas. This study use secondary data with a total of 78 garut sheeps, namely 38 males and 44 females. The relationship between body weight and the three linear size variables was analyzed using linear regression. The linear regression equation for young males (I0) on shoulder height is y=-55.39+1.3560x, body length y=-48.75+1.3620x, and chest circumference is y=-38.52+0, 8834x. The linear regression equation for adult males (I1-I3) on shoulder height is y=-102.3+2.1450x, body length y=- 63.72+1.7540x, and chest circumference y=-75.79+1 ,4030x. The linear regression equation for young females (I0) on shoulder height is y=- 13.14+0.5978x, body length y=-10.90+0.6233x, and chest circumference is y=- 1.821+0.3340x. The linear regression equation for adult females (I1-I3) on shoulder height is y=- 41.35+1.2070x, body length y=-16.30+0.9337x, and chest circumference y=-30.85+0 ,7795x, the value of y as body weight (kg) and the value of x as a linear measure of the sheep's body, namely chest circumference (cm).The conclusion in this study is young garut sheeps (I0) had a higher correlation coefficient than the adult (I1-I3) garut sheeps.
Keyword: analysis regression, garut sheeps, linear body measurement, live body weight