Judul: Rancangan dan Uji Coba Otomatisasi Irigasi Curah
Abstrak: Irigasi adalah penambahan kekurangan (kadar) air secara buatan, yakni dengan memberikan air secara sistematis pada tanah yang diolah (Sosrodarsono, 1985). Irigasi yang telah diterapkan di indonesia diantaranya irigasi permukaan, irigasi bawah-permukaan, irigasi tetes, Higasi curah, dan irigasi kendi. lak Irigasi curah atau overhead irrigation merupakan metode pemberian air yang dilakukan dari bagian atas tanaman menyerupai curah hujan (Keller and Bliesner, 1990). Pada teknologi irigasi curah yang telah banyak diterapkan sudah menggunakan berbagai macam kontrol dalam penerapan di lahan. Kontrol yang dipergunakan dianataranya kontrol waktu dan kontrol kelembaban tanah. Sistem kontrol/kendali adalah sekumpulan alur logika yang dibuat dengan tujuan agar alat mampu bekerja dengan optimal. Aliran prosesnya secara sederhana dimulai dari adanya perintah yang dilanjutkan dengan manipulasi proses dan berakhir pada bagian tampilan keluaran (Erus, 2008). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan sistem otomatisasi irigasi curah dengan menggunakan microcontroller dan soil moisture sensor sebagai kontrol dalam irigasi. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi beberapa tahap, seperti persiapan, perencangan, implementasi perancangan, pengujian, percobaan, dan analisa kinerja rancangan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Sumberdaya Air, Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Maret 2012 sampai Juni 2012. Bahan dan alat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas microcontroller, relay 5V, soil moisture sensor, selenoid valve 24V, baterai 12V/45AH, solar panel, kabel, real time clock, inverter DC to DC, proto screw shield, stackable SD card, Pipa PVC ¼", PE 13mm, sprinkler single piece jet $1.7mm 360°, rigid riser 20cm, reducing joiner %", water meter, pressure gauge, tee dan knee ½", end plug ½", solder, timah, peralatan perbengkelan serta peralatan pengolahan lahan. Air yang diberikan secara optimal akan memberikan kelembaban pada tanah pada kondisi diatas permanent welting point (set point bawah/on) dan tidak melebihi kondisi field capasity (set point atas/off). Nilai set point yang telah ditentukan berdasarkan pF 2.54 (field capasity) sampai pF 42 (permanent welting point). Hasil analisis tanah yang telah diperoleh diantaranya kadar air tanah dan pF, selanjutnya dengan model Van Genuchten dibuat persamaan retensi (hubungan antara volume water content dengan pF). Nilai set point set point yang diperoleh adalah 38.5% soilmoisturesensor<26.1%. Nilai permanent welting point dinaikan sebesar 10% untuk nienjaga agar tanaman tidak mengalami kondisi kekeringan yang akan menjadikan tanaman layu, 6 sehingga nilai set point menjadi 38.5%≤soilmoisturesensor<28.7%. Kalibrasi sensor yang telah dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui tingkat keakuratan sensor dalam membaca perubahan kadar air tanah yang diberikan pada proses tersebut serta mendapatkan ondisi aktual kelembaban tanah yang relatif akurat. Proses kalibrasi dilakukan pada skala laboratorium dan kalibrasi di lahan, Data hasil kalibrasi sensor skala laboratorium menunjukkan peningkatan persentase kadar air tanah dan bacaan sensor pada serial monitor cul ..dst
Keyword: Sprinkler irrigation, pF, Soil moisture, Set point, Microcontroller ATMega328P, Soil moisture sensor

Judul: Rancangan dan Uji Coba Otomatisasi Irigasi Kendi.
Abstrak: Development of science and technology today make automatic control have important role. It gives us ease to get performance in dynamic system. Automatic control be able to less routine work that operator always do. Automatic control tools have many kinds. Microcontroller ATMega328P is a kind of automatic control. The function is control and record data then save it. Automatic pitcher irrigation system constructions consist on hardware and software. Hardware consist on water level sensor and soil moisture sensor series, microcontroller, stackable SD card shield, real time clock, relay, battery and solenoid valve. Software is a program for microcontroller that used C/C++ language. Each sensor will be calibrated before use. Daily high water level and soil moisture data was data obtained. The data was obtained each 5 minutes. Data in microcontroller was obtained by record data on memory that was set in microcontroller. Calibration results express that microcontroller capability in monitoring high water level and soil moisture has high accuracy. Determination Coefficient calibration equation from the sensor is 0.955 for high water level sensor and 0.887 for soil moisture sensor. Furthermore, set point for control high water level is 5 cm for bottom margin and 14 cm for top margin.
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Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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