Judul: Kajian nutrisi pakan biomassa hasil fermentasi limbah serat kelapa samit dengan Ganoderms lucidum terhadap penampilan., fermentabilitas
Abstrak: One of the most important hinderances of animal development is the insufficient supply. It is caused by reduced forage area dua to competition againts human population area. In order to solve these problems, the substitution of convensinonal feedstuff with by-product feedstuffs for animal feeding is an alternative solution.
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Judul: Kajian in vitro biomasa limbah serat kelapa sawit hasil penumbuhan ganoderma lucidum untuk pakan ruminansia
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kelayakan biomasa limbah serat kelapa sawit hasil pertumbuhan jamur Ganoderma lucidum untuk pakan hijauan alternatif melalui pengujian in vitro. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok dengan pola faktorial 2 x 4 dengan faktor A adalah perlakuan, yang terdiri dari 2 yaitu non fermentasi dan fermentasi, sedangkan faktor B adalah substrat yang terdiri atas 4 janis yaitu T1 = campuran antara 1 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian SKS, T2 = campuran antara bagian TKKS dan 2 bagian SKS, T3 = campuran antara 2 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian SKS dan T4 campuran antara 4 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian bungkil inti sawit (BIS). Uji regresi dan koreiasi digunakan untuk substrat campuran 2 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian SKS dari yang non fermentasi, fermentasi selama 45 hari dan fermentasi 90 hari. Rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) digunakan untuk perlakuan dalam bentuk ransum dengan 5 perlakuan ransum dan 3 kelompok periode pengambilan cairan rumen. Perlakuan biomasa dalam bentuk ransum adalah sebagai berikut: RO= 40% rumput gajah (RG) + 60% konsentrat (kontrol), R1- 30% RG + 10% Biomasa (B)+ 60% konsentrat, R2-20% RG +20% B+ 60% konsentrat, R3= 10% RG + 30% B+ 60% konsentrat, R4- 40% B+ 60% konsentrat. Peubah yang diamati terdiri atas Koefisien Cerna Bahan Kering (KCBK), Koefisien Cerna Bahan Organik (KCBO), Asam lemak Terbang (VFA) dan Amonia (NH3). Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa LSKS (Limbah Serat Kelapa Sawit) yang difermentasi dengan menggunakan G. lucidum dapat meningkatkan kecernaan in vitro bila dibandingkan dengan yang tidak difermentasi dengan G. lucidum, sedangkan rasio kecernaan yang terbaik adalah substrat dengan campuran 2 bagian TKKS dan 1 bagian SKS, yang dapat meningkatkan keceman in vitro dari 5,86% manjadi 35,45% dengan lama fermentasi 90 hai dan nilai VFA dan NH3 yang belunn mencukupi kebutuhan sintesa protein mikroba. Hasil ini juga menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan biomasa dalam bentuk ransum dapat meningkatkan kecemaan in vitro 8- 14%erta kebutuhan VFA dan NH, sudah dapat terpenuhi, sehingga dapat manatiker rumput gajah sebagai pakan hijauan alternatif taraf 40%.
Keyword: Palm oil, Ganoderma lucidum, In vitro

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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