Judul: Rice farming efficiency in indonesia rice production central: stochastic metafrontier production function approach
Abstrak: Productivity and efficiency is needed to attain rice self sufficency. However, productivity at both national and provincial tends to be at leveling off level. This is closed related to technical, allocative, and economic efficiency as the main issues of this research. To answer these issues, this study aimed at analyzing rice production efficiency using stochastic metafrontier production and stochastic inefficiency frontier. This study utilized PATANAS data from PSE-KP. The number of observation was 592. The result imply that land and seed were very essential in every province while other input had various influence to production. All provinces had achieved high technical efficiency (more than 0.8 especially West Java more than 0.9). However, if it was compared with national potential, there was still technological gap which revealed that room to increase efficiency (28.84%) was still high. Quality of seed and land ownership status is very influential to efficiency. Almost all provinces got lower allocative efficiency than technical efficiency so that profit maximum couldn’t be reached. As policy implication, government need to support land expansion, seed innovation, irrigation system rehabilitation and to revise output and input price policy so that farmer welfare can be increased. Land expansion can be realized by increasing land rent access through land market policy and reducing the number of farmer as farm manager through making available of non farms job opportunity. Besides that, it is needed reorientation from production to profit oriented through minimum profit policy. Hence, rice self sufficiency can be maintained without push farmer welfare away. In very long run period, technology breakthrough especially in seed which adaptive for different season is very important.
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Judul: Analysis of production function and technical efficiency of soybean farms in Indonesia
Abstrak: Soybean is a main source of protein for Indonesian. Demand for soybean increased rapidly over the years, but the production grow slowly. In such situation, it is not surprising that Indonesia always imports large numbers of soybean in order to meet the national consumption. To overcome these problems, the Indonesian government has targeted to increase soybean production to achieve self-sufficiency in 2014. Increase in soybean production can be performed by increasing the number of factor production used. In soybean farming, the factors of land, seed, fertilizer, pesticides, and labor are considered as factors affecting the soybean production. Soybean production not only determined by factors production used but also by the farmers technical efficiency levels. There are three objectives in this study: (1) to identify factors that influence the production of soybean production in Java and outside Java, (2) to determine the technical efficiency of soybean farmer in Java and outside Java, and (3) to identify the factors affecting technical efficiency in the Java and outside Java. This study uses cross section data obtained from the farmer cost structure survey held by BPS in 2011. The analytical tool used to determine the factors affecting the production and measure farmers' technical efficiency is the stochastic frontier production function. The results of analysis show that soybean production in Java influenced by land, seed, KCl fertilizer, pesticides, and labor. Factors affecting production outside Java are land, seed, urea fertilizer, TSP/SP36 fertilizer, KCl fertilizer, pesticides, and labor. The average value of technical efficiency of soybean farmers in Java is 0.41. Farmer age, education level, seed aid, the use of tractors, and the use of quality seeds proved to have an influence on the technical inefficiency in Java. The average value of technical efficiency of soybean farmers outside Java is 0.6. Factors affecting the level of technical inefficiency outside Java are farmer age, education level, seed aid, fertilizer aid, counseling, and the use of quality seeds. Efforts that can be suggested to increase soybean production in Java are promoting agricultural intensification strategy. This is because the elasticity of seed, KCl fertilizer, and labor in Java is greater than outside Java. Efforts that can be suggested to increase soybean production outside Java are promoting agricultural ekstensification strategy. This is because the elasticity for land outside Java is greater than Java. Technical efficiency of farmers in Java can be improved by reducing the seed aid, introducing land preparation technology using tractors, and also increasing the use of quality seeds. Outside Java, technical efficiency improvement can be reached by reducing the seed aid, increasing fertilizer aid, optimizing counseling, and also increasing the use of quality seeds.
Keyword: soybean, production function, stochastic frontier, technical efficiency

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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