Judul: Pemodelan Optimal Konstruksi Jadwal Perkuliahan dan Implementasinya
Abstrak: The construction of timetable that satisfies all operational rules and needs in an academic institution, while at the same time fulfills as many of the wishes and requirements of the teaching staff and the students is an important but extremely difficult task. Formally, timetable problem is defined as the process of assigning courses to specific time periods and to specific classrooms suitable for the number of the student and the needs of the each course. This paper presents an Integer Programming formulation of the timetable problem. A prototype of this model is implemented using LINGO software and produced timetable that satisfies all constraints.
Keyword: Timetabling, Integer programming, University timetabling, Linear programming, Branch and Bound

Judul: Scheduling Problem of Teaching and Learning Activities: Case Study at BTA College Bogor.
Abstrak: At every beginning of semester, some colleges may face the same problem in setting up schedules of teaching and learning activities with constraints of time and availability of rooms. Generally, in every semester, the number of registered students in the college are not always the same. Thus, it will generate problem which related to the classroom capacities. In this work, the teaching and learning activities scheduling problem can be modeled as an integer linear programming problem (ILP). ILP is the problem of optimization with linear objective function and constraints, which involves some integer variables. The model of scheduling problem is formulated under the following constraints: (i) the availability of rooms, (ii) the time period of Monday-Wednesday-Friday or Tuesday-Thursday- Saturday, (iii) the number of courses and (iv) the availability of the toturs. In this work, we discuss how to formulate the scheduling problem o f teaching and learning activities into ILP by taking a case study at BTA college. To solve this model we use Lingo 8.0 software with branch and bound method.
Keyword: 

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua