Judul: Inheritance of Phosphorus Deficiency Tolerance of Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench]
Abstrak: Sorgum [Sorghum bicolor (L.)Moench] adalah salah satu jenis tanaman yang dapat digunakan sebagai pangan, pakan, dan bahan baku bioetanol. Wilayah penanaman sorgum sebagian besar dilakukan di wilayah tropis dan sub-tropis dari dataran rendah sampai dataran tinggi mencapai 1 500 meter di atas permukaan laut (dpl). Luas penanaman sorgum mencapai 44 jua ha yang sebagian besar berupa lahan marginal. Indonesia memiliki potensi lahan marginal berupa lahan kering masam yang cukup luas (6.4 ha) untuk penanaman sorgum. Program pemuliaan sorgum diarahkan untuk memperoleh galur yang toleran terhadap cekaman lahan kering masam. Salah satu cekaman pada lahan kering masam adalah defisiensi fosfor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh informasi mengenai pola pewarisan sifat toleran defisiensi fosfor pada tanaman sorgum di tanah kering masam,memperoleh karakter seleksi untuk sorgum toleran defisiensi fosfor pada tanah kering masam, dan menduga respon seleksi genotipe sorgum toleran defisiensi fosfor pada tanah kering masam. Percobaan diawali dengan pembentukan materi genetik melalui persilangan antara tetua peka B69 (P1) dan tetua toleran Numbu (P2) untuk memperoleh populasi F1 dan F1R (persilangan antar tetua dan resiprokalnya), BCP1 dan BCP2 (backcross F1 dengan tetua), dan F2 (F1 selfing). Studi pewarisan sifat toleran defisensi fosfor pada karakter stadia bibit dilakukan di Rumah Kaca Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, University Farm, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2010. Studi pewarisan sifat toleran defisiensi fosfor pada karakter agronomi di lapangan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan UPTD Lahan Kering Masam tenjo, Dinas pertanian dan kehutanan, Kabupaten Bogor pada bulan Mei-September 2010. Karakter panjang tajuk, panjang akar, bobot kering tajuk, dan bobot kering akar yang diamati pada stadia bibit dapat dijadikan sebagai karakter untuk studi pewarisan toleran defisiensi fosfor stadia bibit karena kedua tetua memiliki keragaan yang berbeda. Karakter yang diamati memiliki perbedaan nilai tengah antara F1 dan F1R yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh tetua betina. karakter panjang tajuk, panjang akar, bobot tajuk, dan bobot akar dikenalikan oleh aksi gen aditif dominan dengan pengaruh epistasis komplementer. Karakter tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, bobot batang, panjang malai, bobot bij/tanaman, dan bobot 1000 butir yang diamati di lapangan dapat dijadikan sebagai karakter untuk studi pewarisan sifat toleran defisiensi fosfor di lapangan karena kedua tetua memiliki keragaan yang berbeda. Karakter yang diamati kecuali panjang malai pada kondisi defisiensi fosfor memiliki perbedaan nilai tengah antara F1 dan F1R yang menunjukkan adanya pengaruh tetua betina., Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is a potential crop for food, feed, and biofuel. Sorghum is adapted to marginal areas (i.e. acid soil). Indonesia have 6.4 milion ha acid soil that potential to improve sorghum production. Phosphorus deficiency is one of the limiting factors in crop production in acid soils. Further research in sorghum breeding is needed to develop genotypes that are adapted and can be grown in acid soils with phosphorus deficiency. The success in sorghum breeding program to obtain adaptive genotypes in phosphorus deficiency is determined by selection the appropriate breeding method. The objectives of this study were to study inheritance of tolerance to phosphorus deficiency of sorghum in acid soil, to determine character for selection, and to estimate selection response of phosphorus deficiency tolerance in sorghum. Solution culture experiment was conducted
Keyword: Inheritance, Tolerance, Phosphorus deficiency, Selection, sorghum

Judul: Physiological adaptation of Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to aluminum toxicity and phosphorous deficiency in acid soils.
Abstrak: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is an ideal crop to be developed as food diversification and source of bioethanol in Indonesia because this crop has high adaptability to be grown in dry lands. From a total of 148.2 millions ha dry land in Indonesia, an estimated are of 108 millions ha are acid soil (ultisols). Acid soils have low fertility and Al toxicity which are major constraints for crop production in acid soil. For sorghum production in acid dry lands, sorghum varieties having high adaptation to acid soil have to be developed. The objectives of this study was to obtain complete information about the physiological adaptation to aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency which can be used as the character selection in breeding program to obtain the tolerant sorghum in acid soils. The genotypes used was Numbu (Tolerant), ZH-30-29-07 (Tolerant), B-69 (sensitive) and B-75 (sensitive) from selected on acid soils in Lampung. The study on physiological mechanism of sorghum adaptation to acid soils has resulted in information that the main limiting factor in soghum growth in acid soil was phosphorous deficiency. Under sufficient P, without liming, the sensitive genotype produced similar yield. The tolerant genotype, Numbu and ZH30-29-07 showed higher ability to maintain root growth under Al stress and P deficiency. The tolerant genotypes also showed higher ability to absorp nutient under low P condition compared to sensitive genotypes. The lowest concentration of 74 μM Al can reduce the growth in all genotypes tested. The longer the sorghum roots exposed to the stress, the higher the value of scoring and the accumulation of aluminum in the roots under Al toxicity. Sorghum genotypes had specific absorption rate was high, but it was not followed by increasing of roots length, roots dry weight and shoot dry weight. Specific absorption rate is more affected by Al stress rather than increasing level of P. Genotype ZH-30-29-07 were tolerant in identified in acid soils showed the moderate response to Al toxicity in nutrient solution. The higher aluminum concentration leading to greater plant growth inhibition. The tolerant genotypes had the internal mechanism (tolerance) in the face under low P condition by increasing the efficiency of internal phosphor (interrelated), otherwise the sensitive genotype had the external mechanism (avoidance) through increased P absorption or total P . There was no relationship between the use efficiency of P with total P content of plant both in testing using the acid soils in rhizotron and nutrient solution.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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