Judul: Pelabelan Edge Magic pada Graf Buku dan Super Edge Magic pada Graf Merge
Abstrak: Pelabelan edge magic pada suatu graf dengan verteks dan edge adalah pemetaan bijektif dari himpunan verteks di gabung himpunan edge dipetakan ke himpunan . Pelabelan edge magic yang memenuhi syarat himpunan verteksnya dipetakan ke dan himpunan edgenya dipetakan ke disebut pelabelan super edge magic. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan ditunjukkan bahwa graf buku memiliki pelabelan edge magic dan graf merge memiliki pelabelan super edge magic.
Keyword: pelabean edge magic, pelabelan super edge magic, graf buku, graf merge

Judul: Pelabelan Super Edge Magic pada Graf Banana Tree 𝐵𝑇(𝑛1, 𝑛2, … , 𝑛𝑘 ), 𝑚𝐵𝑇(𝑛, 𝑛), dan 2𝐵𝑇(𝑛1, 𝑛2, … , 𝑛𝑘 )
Abstrak: Pelabelan super edge magic pada suatu graf dengan banyaknya verteks �������� dan banyaknya sisi �������� adalah fungsi bijektif dari himpunan verteks yang dipasangkan ke himpunan bilangan bulat terurut dimulai dari 1 sampai �������� , sedemikian sehingga himpunan bilangan dari penjumlahan label dua verteks yang adjacent terdiri dari �������� bilangan asli yang berurutan dan diperoleh nilai minimum dari himpunan tersebut yang dinotasikan dengan ��������. Nilai penjumlahan dari ��������, ��������, dan �������� akan sama dengan ℎ, dengan ℎ adalah konstanta magic. Karya ilmiah ini menunjukkan bahwa graf Banana Tree ����������������(��������1, ��������2, … , ���������������� ), ������������������������(��������, ��������), dan 2����������������(��������1, ��������2, … , ���������������� ) memiliki pelabelan super edge magic.
Keyword: Graf Banana Tree, pelabelan super edge magic

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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