Judul: Protein supplement engineering in rice straw and bran based ration for beef cattle
Abstrak: Tiga percobaan telah dilakukan yang bertujuan untuk memformulasi suplemen protein terbaik (SPN) melalui kombinasi CASREA dan SOYXYL pada ransum berbasis jerami dan dedak padi untuk sapi pedaging. Percobaan 1 dirancang untuk memformulasi dan mengevaluasi suplemen protein CASREA yang memiliki karakteristik terdegradasi di rumen dengan laju diperlambat untuk menstimulasi pertumbuhan mikrobial rumen. Perlakuan dalam percobaan terdiri dari macam Casrea dan waktu inkubasi (batch culture method) yang dirancang dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4x3. Macam Casrea adalah: Casrea1 (berbasis 32% urea dan 58% ubi kayu, tanpa ekstrusi), Casrea2 (berbasis 22% urea dan 68% ubi kayu, terekstrusi), Casrea3 (berbasis 27% urea dan 63% ubi kayu, terekstrusi), dan Casrea4 (berbasis 32% urea dan 58% ubi kayu, terekstrusi) dan waktu inkubasi adalah: 2, 4, dan 6 jam. Rekayasa CASREA dengan ekstrusi terbukti efektif menurunkan (p<0.05) laju pelepasan NH3 rumen, tetapi meningkatkan sintesis protein mikrobial rumen (MPS) dan kecernaan protein (PD). Rekayasa CASREA melalui ekstrusi 22% urea dan 68% ubi kayu menghasilkan MPS dan PD tertinggi.
Keyword: degradable protein, rumen microbial protein, bypass protein, performance of cattle

Judul: Optimalisation of rice straw based diet with nutrient rich supplement on in vitro fermentability and digestibility
Abstrak: Jerami padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang potensial sebagai pakan alternatif yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh ternak ruminansia yang ketersediaannya melimpah. Pemanfaatan limbah pertanian seperti jerami padi masih terkendala oleh tingginya kandungan serat yang sulit dicerna mikroba rumen. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut, suplementasi dapat dipandang sebagai langkah strategis dikarenakan suplementasi mampu mengatasi masalah defisiensi dan mampu meningkatkan kapasitas mencerna nutrien dari hewan dengan adanya perbaikan metabolisme dan kemampuan mikroba rumen dalam saluran pencernaan ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek optimalisasi ransum berbasis jerami padi dengan suplemen kaya nutrien terhadap fermentasi dan kecernaan yang dikaji secara in vitro. Perlakuan yang diujikan terdiri atas 4 perlakuan, yaitu (1) P1 : Jerami padi (100%) tanpa suplemen, (2) P2 : P1 (82,78%) + dedak padi (17,22%), (3) P3 : P1 (80,39%) + dedak padi (16,72%) + SKN (2,89%), (4) P4 : Ransum komplit (100%) yang terdiri atas jerami padi dan SKN dengan komposisi jerami padi (40%), dedak padi (30,5%), dan SKN (29,5%). Peubah yang diukur adalah konsentrasi amonia (NH3) dan asam lemak terbang total (VFA total), degradabilitas bahan kering (DBK) dan bahan organik (DBO), dan koefisien cerna bahan kering (KCBK) dan bahan organik (KCBO). Pada uji fermentabilitas digunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial 4 x 3 dengan 5 ulangan. Faktor A adalah 4 macam perlakuan ransum dan faktor B adalah 3 macam waktu inkubasi yaitu B1 : 1 jam, B2 : 3 jam, dan B3 : 5 jam. Uji kecernaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 macam perlakuan ransum dan 5 ulangan. Pembagian kelompok dilakukan berdasarkan pengambilan cairan rumen yang berbeda, 4 macam perlakuan yang sama digunakan untuk uji fermentabilitas dan kecernaan sama. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisa ragam (ANOVA) dan bila terjadi perbedaan
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite