Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi antibodi (ImunoglobulinY/lgY) anti EPEC K1.1 dari serum dan kuning telur ayam. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor ayam petelur (Single Comb Brown Leghorn) berumur 34 minggu sebagai model. Lima ekor ayam divaksinasi dengan menginjeksikan suspensi bakteri EPEC K1.1 yang telah dilemahkan dan lima ekor ayam yang tidak divaksinasi sebagai kontrol. Penyuntikan dilakukan pada vena axilaris dengan dosis dalam satu kali penyuntikan yaitu sebanyak 1 ml (10'[pangkat 9] sel/ml). Pengulangan vaksinasi (booster) dilakukan setelah tujuh hari dari vaksinasi pertama. Pad a booster ini dilakukan tiga kali penyuntikan secara berturut-turut dengan interval satu hari setiap sekali penyuntikan. Booster kedua dilakukan sama seperti pad a booster pertama. Dosis pada booster pertama dan kedua yaitu 1 ml (10'[pangkat 9] sel/ml) setiap kali penyuntikan.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) merupakan palogen penling penyebab diare pada anak dibawah 2 tahun, khususnya bayi berumur kurang dan 6 bulan di negara berkembang. Isolat lapangan EPEe galur K1.1 setelah direidentifikasi digunakan sebagai bahan whole killed vaksin yang disuntikkan secara intravena pada ayam petelur single comb white leghom berumur 34 minggu. Setelah imunoglobulin Y (lgY) anti EPEC ditemukan dalam serum darah melalui uji agar gel precipitation test (AGPT), telur dikoleksi dan dipisahkan komponen IgY dan kuning telur dengan teknik water dilution method yang kemudian dikering bekukan. IgY Kering Beku Terdenaturasi oleh pH, pepsin, tripsin dan suhu maupun IgY WSF Kering Beku yang tidak didenaturasi kemudian diuji aktivitas netralisasinya dengan teknik enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Selain bertujuan untuk memproduksi IgY Kering Beku, penelitian ini juga mempelajari efikasinya secara in vitro dan in vivo. IgY Kering Beku yang dihasilkan mampu menghambat pertumbuhan EPEC pada media trypticase soy broth, mampu menghambat perlekatan EPEC pada sel kultur HEp-2, mampu menghambat perlekatan EPEe dan lesi attaching and effacing pada intestinal anak kelinci yang diinfeksi EPEe. Karakter IgY Kering Beku yang dihasilkan menunjukkan kemampuan cross reactivity terhadap EPEC gaJur K 1.3, K 1.5 dan tidak ditemukan didalam serum darah tikus putih setelah hewan coba tersebut diberi IgY secara per oral. Produksi telur anti EPEC memerlukan tambahan biaya sebesar 6,3 sampai 16,7 % dari total biaya produksi telur.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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