Judul: PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING TERHADAP KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN DI INDONESIA
Abstrak: Indonesia is the world's fourth-most populous country, featuring an enormous workforce, high economic growth, and rich natural resources. Thus, this made Indonesia becomes very lucrative to open new market businesses for some stakeholders through FDI. However, a debatable discussion on the effect of FDI on income inequality in the case of within the country shows different findings. Moreover, study on the effect of FDI on two different inequalities measurement especially in Indonesia is still limited. Finally, income inequality measurements, namely the Gini coefficient and Williamson Inequality Index, are employed in this research to assess income inequality within the households and between the regions in Indonesia as the effect of FDI inflows from 1996 to 2020.
Keyword: FDI, gini coefficient, growth, inequality

Judul: Impact of Gender Equity and Employment Opportunities on  Income Inequality in Indonesia
Abstrak: Ketimpangan pendapatan merupakan permasalahan penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi. Suatu negara dengan ketimpangan pendapatan yang tinggi akan mengalami inefisiensi dalam distribusi aset, inefisiensi ekonomi, dan terganggunya stabilitas sosial dan ekonomi. Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara yang mengalami ketimpangan pendapatan, bahkan pada tahun 2020 tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi ketimpangan pendapatan dan menganalisis pengaruh kesetaraan gender, upah minimum, pengangguran, dan investasi asing terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia selama periode 2010-2020. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, tipologi Klassen, dan analisis data panel. Hasil estimasi data panel menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan dan pemberdayaan gender, upah minimum, dan tingkat pengangguran secara signfikan berpengaruh negatif terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan. Sedangkan pengaruh yang disebabkan investasi asing terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan secara signifikan adalah positif., Income inequality is an important problem in economic development. A country with high income inequality will be inefficient in the distribution of assets, economic inefficiency, and disruption of social and economic stability. Indonesia is one of the countries experiencing income inequality, even in 2020 the level of Indonesia's income inequality has increased. This study aims to describe the condition of income inequality and analyze the effect of gender equality, minimum wages, unemployment, and foreign investment on income inequality in Indonesia during the period 2010-2020. The analysis method in this study are descriptive analysis, Klassen typology, and panel data analysis. The results of the panel data estimation show that gender development and empowerment, minimum wages, and unemployment rates have a significant negative effect on income inequality. Meanwhile, foreign investment has a positive and significant effect on income inequality.
Keyword: employment opportunities, gender, income inequality, panel data

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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