Judul: Pengoptimalan Sintesis Glukosamina Hidroklorida Berbasis Kitosan
Abstrak: In this study, glucosamine hydrochloride has been synthesized based on chitosan hydrolysis using HCl. The reaction time, temperature, and HCl concentration were varied and investigated. The Box Behnken method response surface design was used via Minitab 14 software to evaluate the synthesis yield. Glucosamine hydrochloride content in the resulting products were ranging from 75.10 to 99.37%. The result showed that the optimum reaction time, temperature, HCl concentration was obtained when the reaction was carried out using 4 N HCl at 90 °C in 140 minutes.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Glukosamina Hidroklorida Berbasis Kitosan
Abstrak: Glucosamine hydrochloride salt is one of the amino sugars that has therapeutic properties such as anticancer, antimicrobial, and as raw material for arthritis drug. Objective of this study is to synthesize glucosamine hydrochloride in optimum condition and to characterize the product. Glucosamine hydrochloride was synthesized by reacting chitosan with 4 N HCl at 90 °C for 2 hours. The product was tested for its melting point, thin layer chromatogram (TLC), functional group analysis by Fourier transformed infrared (FTIR), crystal analysis by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and the crystal surface analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The yield was 88% in the form of white crystal with high levels of 112.8% and purity of 86.7%. The melting point was 188-190 °C. FTIR results show absorption bands of glucosamine hydrochloride. XRD results showed that crystals has low crystallinity and SEM images showed that the surface morphology was rather rough and porous. Based on these results the synthesized glucosamine hydrochloride was not pure and less crystallinity. Therefore, it needs purification and recrystalization.
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Judul: Ekologi merak hijau jawa (Pavo muticus muticus) Linnaeus 1758 pada beberapa tipe habitat di Ujung Timur Penyebarannya Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak: Merak hijau jawa merupakan salah satu jenis burung yang dilindungi.di Indonesia berdasarkan SK Mentan No 66/Kpts/Um/2/1973 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 7 tahun 1999. Menurut ICBP (The International Council for Bird Preservation) merak hijau sebagai jenis burung yang tergolong terancam secara keseluruhan (globally threatened) baik populasi maupun habitatnya, sedangkan CITES mencantumkan merak hijau ke dalam Appendix II, merak hijau dari alam tidak bisa langsung diperdagangkan dan BirdLife International (2007) memasukkan golongan burung yang endangered. Tekanan terhadap populasi dan habitat merak hijau jawa sangat besar, sehingga kondisi populasinya menurun pada setiap penyebaran lokalnya, habitatnya terfragmentasi bahkan terisolasi. Tekanan terhadap populasi terutama karena perburuan liar. Namun demikian fakta menunjukan bahwa merak hijau jawa masih ada (exist), hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa burung ini tentunya memiliki strategi ekologi tertentu untuk tetap bertahan hidup di alam pada berbagai tipe habitat.
Keyword: Pavo muticus muticus, Call count transect method, Pavo cristatus, Pavo muticus, Pavo muticus spicifer, Pavo muticus imperator, Pavo muticus muticus, Javan Green Peafowl, East Java