Judul: CO2 Emissions from Acacia Industrial Plantation Forest Peatlands in Riau Province
Abstrak: This study aims to determine the amount of CO2 emissions from soil (Root Cut and Control Plot) and relations with subsidence, rainfall, soil temperature, soil moisture and wáter table on peatlands Forest Plantation Industry in Langgam, Riau. CO2 emissions from soil was measured using closed chamber method. CO2 sample capture done before closed the chamber (0 minute) and after 6 minutes closed. Measurements result of CO2 emission cumulative from soil in September 2008 to July 2009 was 2563.16 mgCm-2h-1 for the Root Cut plot and 2629.41 mgCm-2h-1 for the Control plot. Based on the results of regression and correlation analysis, factors such as rainfall, subsidence, soil temperature, soil moisture and water table have an influence on the production of CO2. Correlation and regression value between CO2 cumulative and subsidence cumulative with the type of multy positions was (R2=0.86 ; p=0.00) for the Root Cut plot and (R2=0.84 ; p=0.00) for the Control plot, with a negative correlation value of each (-0.92 ; -0.91). Multy positions measurement between CO2 emissions from soil was corerelated with rainfall at (R2=0.50 ; p=0.015) for the Root Cut plot and (R2=0.59 ; p=0.004) for the Control plot, with a negative corelation value of each (-0.71 ; - 0.79). The relationship of CO2 emissions rate from the soil with soil temperature by multy positions type was (R2=0.51 ; p=0.010) for the Root Cut plot and (R2=0.35 ; p=0.026) for the Control plot, with a negative corelation value of each (0.73 ; 0.66). The relationship of CO2 emissions rate from the soil with soil moisture by multy positions type was (R2=0.45 ; p=0.023) for the Root Cut plot and (R2=0.39 ; p=0.039) for the Control plot, with a negative corelation value of each (-0.67 ; -0.63). The relationship of CO2 emissions rate from the soil with wáter table by multy positions type was (R2=0.36 ; p=0.050) for the Root Cut plot and (R2=0.43 ; p=0.028) for the Control plot, with a negative correlation value of each (-0.60 ; -0.66).
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Judul: Dynamics of CO2 Fluxes from Oil Palm Plantations on Peatland
Abstrak: The use of peatlands for plantations has received international attention related to environmental issues, namely the release of carbon suspected to be in large quantities. The release of carbon in the form of CO2 from peatlands is also related with increasing global temperatures. The release of CO2 from the soil surface is also known as CO2 flux. The CO2 flux from oil palm plantations has so far been estimated from the results of CO2 flux measurements in the inter row, but not much from the harvesting path. In the harvesting path, the cover plants were less and more exposed when compared to inter row. This condition allows for different environmental conditions that can affect the CO2 flux. For this reason, it is also necessary to measure CO2 flux at the harvesting path to get a more precise value of CO2 flux in estimating CO2 flux from oil palm plantations. CO2 flux can be partitioned into fluxes from oil palm root respiration, litter decomposition, and peat material decomposition.Measurement of CO2 flux to separate the source of flux from oil palm root respiration and peat material decomposition is generally done by comparing the flux produced at a distance of 3.5 – 4.5 m from the oil palm trunk by plot trenching or root cutting method. At this distance, it is still possible to contribute plant root respiration to flux. Cutting roots can minimize the effect of root respiration. However, dead roots are a source of new organic matter for microbial activity, thereby contributing to the measured CO2 flux. CO2 flux measurements carried out at sites far from oil palm can minimize the influence of the contribution of plant roots to flux so that more precise data on the contribution of root respiration, litter and peat material decomposition to flux obtained. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the spatial and temporal dynamics of CO2 flux, the contribution of root respiration and litter decomposition to flux, and their relationship to environmental factors in oil palm plantations on peatlands. The research was conducted in Pangkalan Pisang Village, Koto Gasib District, Siak Regency, Riau Province. Measurement of CO2 flux was carried out in oil palm plantations with a plant age of 14 years and bushland dominated by ferns (Nephrolepis sp). The location of the bushland in this study is still in oil palm plantations. Measurement of CO2 flux using an infrared gas analyzer (IRGA) was carried out in harvesting path, inter row and bushland. Estimation of CO2 flux from oil palm plantations is based on the value of CO2 flux from harvesting path and inter row that contain litter on the soil surface. Flux measurements without litter were also carried out to estimate the litter contribution to CO2 flux. Flux measurements were repeated every three to four days from May to September 2019. Results showed the dynamics of the CO2 fluxes spatially and temporally. The difference in flux values that occur indicates that although on the same expanse of land with plant age, air humidity, air temperature, soil temperature, and groundwater table depth are relatively
Keyword: litter decomposition, peat material, root respiration

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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