Judul: Pengaruh Penggunaan Anestesi Propofol dan Isoflurane Jangka Panjang terhadap Fungsi Kardiovaskular Kelinci Domestik
Abstrak: Anesthesia during surgical procedures can lead to suppression of the heart function. Several major surgeries may require long time use of anesthetics and therefore increase the heart function suppression. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of long time use of propofol and isoflurane anesthesia on cardiac function of domestic rabbits through the systole blood pressure and echocardiography examination. This study used 5 male rabbits, 1-1,5 years old. Anaesthesia was used during the study was the combination of propofol 12,5 mg/kg IV as an induction and isoflurane inhalation as the maintenance anesthetic for a 12-hour observation. Isoflurane was inhaled with 1 L/minutes in facemasked. During this study, intravenous infusion was maintained with 6 mL/kg/hours NaCl physiology. Infuse flowing was controlled by infusion pump. Study phases were acclimatization phase, preparation phase, and anaesthesia phase. Acclimatization phase was started by the time the rabbits were arrived to cages for 3 days. Acclimatization used ivermectine as parasiticids, mebendazole as anthelmentics, and enrofloxacin as antibiotics. Blood tests were examined after a week of acclimation to ensure the rabbit condition before the study. Phases of preparation were done before the study. Phases include shaving hair on the right thoracic region, medial antebrachii, and ears. The shaving was done for echocardiography examination, systolic blood pressure, and oxygen saturation. On the day of the study, clinical examination was performed in all rabbits that including checking temperature, respiratory and heart rate examination. Anaesthetic phase was begun when propofol was injected intravenously and done when isoflurane flowing was stopped at the twelfth hour. Echocardiography examination was done at the time of induction, as well as systolic blood pressure and echocardiography examinations were done during maintenance. During the examination phase of anesthesia, monitoring was also done including oxygen saturation and clinical examination including temperature and respiratory examination. Oxygen saturation was set to a minimum value of oxygen saturation was 95%. The results of this study include systolic blood pressure, cardiac structure and function. Systolic blood pressure was ranged from 70,17±17,92 to 88,33±15,34 mmHg. Cardiac structure and function were observed using M-mode echocardiography. Results showed that the left ventricle heart chamber dimensions during diastole (LVIDd) and systole (LVIDs) were between 1,21±0,08 to 1,33±0,1cm, and 0,87±0,08 to 0,98±0,08cm respectively. Left ventricular wall thickness at diastole (LVWd) and systole (LVWs) ranged from 0,24±0,04 to 0,28±0,04cm, and 0,23±0,03 to 0,28±0,05cm respectively, while the thickness of the interventricular septa at diastole (IVSd) and systole (IVSs) ranged from 0,23±0,02 to 0,27±0,04cm, and 0,28±0,06 to 0,3±0,05 cm. Cardiac function observed in study were heart rate, heart blood volume, and the ability of the heart’s contraction. Heart rate ranged from 244±18 to 266±24 beat/min. Heart blood volumes which include stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) ranged from 1,07±0,29 to 1,57±0,53ml/beat and 0,27±0,07 to 0,39±0,14lt/min respectively. the ability of the heart’s contraction includes fractional shortening, and ejection fraction. Fractional shortening and ejection fraction ranged from 26±3 to 31±5% and 60±2 to 67±8% respectively. The results of monitoring examinations during the study, known temperature ranged from 36,40±0,81 to 39,02±0,54 °C and respiration rate ranged from 42±6 to 61±23
Keyword: echocardiography, blood pressure, isoflurane, long time anesthesia, propofol, rabbits

Judul: Pengaruh anestesi xylazin-ketamin jangka panjang terhadap suhu tubuh dan elektrokardiogram kelinci
Abstrak: Kombinasi xylazin-ketamin merupakan anestetikum yang sering digunakan dalam medis kedokteran hewan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efek anestesi xylazin-ketamin jangka panjang terhadap suhu tubuh dan aktivitas listrik jantung kelinci. Anestesi diberikan secara intramuskular sebagai induksi dan secara intravena sebagai maintenance dengan menggunakan metode drip. Suhu tubuh dan profil listrik jantung direkam pada saat induksi dan maintenance (4 jam) dengan menggunakan termometer dan elektrokardiografi (EKG). Parameter EKG yang dibaca antara lain denyut jantung dan gelombang EKG pada Lead II yang meliputi ukuran R-R interval, gelombang P, P-R interval, kompleks QRS, Q-T interval, dan gelombang T. Durasi anestesi berpengaruh secara nyata (P<0.05) terhadap penurunan suhu tubuh, denyut jantung, pemanjangan R-R interval, pemanjangan durasi gelombang P, pemanjangan P-R interval, dan pemanjangan Q-T interval. Durasi anestesi tidak berpengaruh secara nyata (P>0.05) terhadap peninggian amplitudo gelombang P, perubahan durasi dan amplitudo kompleks QRS, serta perubahan amplitudo gelombang T. Anestesi xylazin-ketamin jangka panjang menyebabkan terjadinya hipotermia, bradikardia, pembesaran atrium, first degree AV block, pembesaran ventrikel, dan penghambatan potensial aksi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan anestesi xylazin-ketamin menyebabkan penurunan suhu tubuh dan perubahan aktivitas listrik jantung.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Electrocardiography, Heart, Long-term, Rabbit, Xylazine-ketamine

Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
Keyword: