Judul: Pendekatan Regresi Spasial dalam Pemodelan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka
Abstrak: Solution of unemployment rate becomes one of the focuses of Indonesia development. The highest open unemployment rate is in Java. So it is interesting to study about factors that influence open unemployment rate in Java. The connection between area (spatial effect) are need to be considered. In this case, there is a spatial effect that can be solve with regression of area approach. Spatial regression with area approach are Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR), Spatial Error Model (SEM), and General Spatial Model (GSM). The model selection criteria are the coefficient of determination (R2), value of variance estimate and the value of AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion). The results show that GSM and SAR is better regression model than OLS and SEM and the factors that affect open unemployment rate are the percentage of people who did not complete primary school (SD), the gross regional domestic product constant prices for regency/city, percentage of people working in agriculture and minimum salary for regency/city.
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Judul: Analisis Robust Spasial Data Panel Untuk Menentukan Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (Studi Kasus: Provinsi Banten dan Jawa Barat Tahun 2018– 2022)
Abstrak: Tingkat pengangguran di Indonesia dihitung dengan persentase jumlah pengangguran pada seluruh angkatan kerja. Tingkat pengangguran di Banten dan Jawa Barat menempati dua teratas di Indonesia per Agustus 2023. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui performa robust spasial data panel dibanding dengan model spasial data panel dalam mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tingkat pengangguran terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Banten dan Jawa Barat tahun 2018–2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat ketergantungan autoregresi spasial dan galat spasial, sehingga model yang dibangun adalah spatial durbin model (SDM). Model Robust SDM dibangun karena pada proses analisis teridentifikasi adanya pencilan spasial yang menyebabkan tidak terpenuhinya asumsi kehomogenan ragam dan kebebasan sisaan pada model SDM. Model Robust SDM mampu menangani penyimpangan asumsi pada model SDM dan meningkatkan performa dengan nilai R^2 sebesar 87,21%. Nilai ini lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan model SDM yang memiliki R^2 sebesar 71,19%. Model terbaik menunjukkan bahwa terdapat empat faktor utama yang memengaruhi TPT di Provinsi Banten dan Jawa Barat tahun 2018–2022, yaitu upah minimum kabupaten/kota, tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, TPT juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor dengan pengaruh lag spasial, yaitu upah minimum kabupaten/kota, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan investasi PMA dari kabupaten/kota di sekitarnya., The unemployment rate in Indonesia is calculated as the percentage of the total unemployed in the labor force. The unemployment rates in Banten and West Java are the top two in Indonesia as of August 2023. The purpose of this study is to determine the performance of robust spatial panel data compared to the spatial panel data model in identifying factors that affect the open unemployment rate (TPT) in Banten and West Java Provinces in 2018-2022. The results showed that there is a dependence on spatial autoregression and spatial error, so the model built is the spatial Durbin model (SDM). The Robust SDM model was built because, in the analysis process, spatial outliers were identified which caused the assumptions of variance homogeneity and error autocorrelation in the SDM model to not be fulfilled. The Robust SDM model can handle deviations in the assumptions of the SDM model and can improve performance with an R-squared value of 87.21%. This value is higher than the SDM model which has an R-squared of 71.19%. The best model shows that there are four main factors that affect the TPT in Banten and West Java in 2018-2022, namely district/city minimum wage, labor force participation rate, average years of schooling, and economic growth. In addition, the TPT is also influenced by factors with spatial lag effects, namely district/city minimum wages, average years of schooling, and FDI investment from surrounding districts/cities.
Keyword: open unemployment rate, robust spatial durbin model, spatial durbin  model

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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