Judul: Implementasi modifikasi metode frequency hopping spread spectrum pada audio watermarking
Abstrak: Today, through the development of technology, digital data is easier to make, manipulate, and even misused for harmful purposes, such as the falsification of property or copyright infringement. The misuses can be overcome by using digital watermarking technique. In this paper, wave audio files (.wav) used as digital data was given watermark using modified frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) method. The audio files were given watermark “Indonesia” with variant multiplier (scaling factor), spread to the audio files by hopping. The quality of watermarked audio was measured using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and questionnaire from 30 respondents. Analysis is concerned on the process of the running time of watermark insertion and detection, changes in quality watermarked audio related to the use of scaling factor and the bit error watermark detection results. To test the resilience of the watermark, watermarked audio were attacked using several operations. Based on the analysis results, increasing the value of scaling factor causes a decrease in the quality of watermarked audio, marked by the decline in value of SNR. The highest SNR value is 70.5147 dB for rock music. Based on the results of the questionnaire, 86.00 % of respondents said that watermarked audio volume the equal to the original audio files and 94.67 % of respondents said that noise were not heard from the watermarked audio were. For the bit error watermark, increasing the value of scaling factor causes a decrease in percentage of bit error watermark detection. The percentage of the highest bit error watermark occurs on instrument music (5.010 %). The results of resilience of the watermark test showed modified FHSS method was resistant against resampling operation, addition of noise with small amplitude and multiple watermarks, but this method was not resistant to cropping operations.
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Judul: Implementasi Teknik Audio Watermarking dengan Metode Phase Coding
Abstrak: Today, digital data has substituted analog data in various applications. The digital data is easier to make, manipulate and distribute, these are the advantages of the digital data. Otherwise, copyright protection is one of the problems using the digital data. The wider of the use of computer network and technology make digital data easier to distribute illegally at the lower cost and qualified content. This problem could be handled by the digital watermarking, a technology which allows a secret message to be hidden in digital data, without the detection of a user. The watermark is not apparent to the user, and does not affect in any way, the use of the original data. Audio watermarking is the part of digital watermarking. Audio watermarking is the information insertion process to the audio and the extraction process to retrieve the information without influence the audio quality. In this research, implemented audio watermarking to the wav audio data using Phase Coding method that works in the frequency domain. The phase coding method works by substituting the phase of an initial audio segment with a reference phase that represents the watermark data. Phase coding method resulted the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) value as the quality measurement. Based on the analysis result, the watermarked audio quality using this method is above 30 db and the watermark file can be extracted in the value of BER (Bit Error Rate) = 0%. Phase coding method has passed 5 (five) attacks as an analysis benchmarking, the attacks are resampling, cropping, noise addition, time stretching, and multiple watermark with the same information and also different information. Based on the analysis benchmarking result, phase coding method only robust to the resampling and noise addition attacks. This audio watermarking technique using phase coding method implemented using Matlab 7.0.1
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Judul: Enteric Collibacillosis Pada Anak Babi Baru Lahir: Patogenesa dan Perubahan-Perubahan Patologisnya
Abstrak: Diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada anak-anak babi baru lahir yang peka terhadap en terotoksin produk bakteri tersebut. Dikenal sebagai colibacillosis. Patogenesa dari colibacillosis anak babi baru lahir adalah (1) infeksi oleh E. coli patogen, (2) proliferasi E. coli di lumen usus halus, (3) produksi dan pelepasan enterotoksin, dan (4) aktifitas toksin pada usus halus. Dalam proses proliferasi, adanya antigen pili K88 sangat penting karena memungkinkan bakteri perlekatan dengan epitel mucosa usus halus. mengadakan Setelah ko lonisasi dan proliferasi segera toksin dilepaskan. Akti- fitas toksin menginduksi sekresi yang berlebihan dari u- sus sehingga banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan ke lumen usus. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak cairan dan elektrolit hilang sehingga timbul diare, dehidrasi dan asidosis yang sering menyebabkan kematian. Perubahan-perubahan patologis yang umum adalah dis tensi usus halus, dilatasi lambung dan infark pada kurva- tura mayor. Perubahan-perubahan histologis yang terjadi adalah enteritis hemorrhagica acuta, oedem dan kongesti pembuluh darah di lamina propria, akumulassi leukosit inti polimorf, sel monosit, dan inti sel mengalami piknosis Thrombus pada vena dan degenerasi serta desquamasi sel epitel usus….
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