Judul: In vitro propagation and micro bulb induction of shallot
Abstrak: Shallot growers use harvested bulbs as propagules for the next planting. The use of the bulbs may cause degenerative diseases. Therefore, propagation system of shallot must be sought. A series of experiments were conducted in the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture IPB and the University of Queensland from May 2007 to July 2011. The first objective in this experiment was to determine the effect of explant storage duration on in vitro shoot multiplication of shallot. The experimental results showed storage length affected the growth of culture. Twomonth stored bulbs gave the best results on the number of micro shoots, number of leaves and roots and less vitrification. Four-week-old shoots were the best used for micro-propagules in shallot micro bulb induction. The objective of the second experiment was to determine the effect of temperature on the formation of shallot micro bulbs. It was shown that room temperature influenced the number of micro bulb, bulb base diameter, the widest diameter, ratio of the widest diameter and the base diameter of shallot micro bulb (Dt / Dp), root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of senescing leaf. Temperature of 30/27 °C was better than 20/17 oC in accelerating the process of micro-bulb formation and increased the size of shallot micro bulbs. The objective of the third experiment was to determine the effect of sucrose and paclobutrazol on micro bulb induction. No interaction between sucrose and paclobutrazol was shown. Sucrose affected plant height, number of senescing leaf, root number, root length, the weight of plantlets and micro bulb widest diameter. Sucrose concentration of 90 g L-1 was the best in inducing shallot micro bulbs. Paclobutrazol significantly affected plant height, number of senescing leaf, number and length of roots. Paclobutrazol at level 10 mg L-1 inhibited plant height, leaf number and root length. Paclobutrazol 0.1-10 mg L-1 shortened root length. Paclobutrazol at concentration of 1 and 10 mg L-1 produced an abnormal form of micro bulb. The objective of the fourth experiment was to determine the success of shallot shoot and micro bulb acclimatization. At this stage of acclimatization, micro bulbs could be successfully grown for 3 weeks after acclimatization. Micro bulb was better in acclimatization than rooted plantlet. Plants may be transplanted to the field at 2 weeks after acclimatization. It is concluded that bulb stored for two months was the best for shoot multiplication. Media MS+vit B5 and 90 g L-1 sucrose at 30 oC was the best for bulb induction. Paclobutrazol should not be used for bulb induction. Bulb was better acclimatized than planlet. The media for acclimatization was green leaf compost and husk charcoal.
Keyword: Allium ascalonicum L, micro bulb, explant age, room temperature, paclobutrazol

Judul: Micro and Mini Bulb Formation of Shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum)
Abstrak: Bawang merah merupakan komoditas hortikultura di Indonesia yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Tingkat konsumsi yang tinggi menjadikan bawang merah sebagai komoditas dengan produksi terbesar tetapi sangat memengaruhi tingkat inflasi di Indonesia. Perbanyakan bibit melalui kultur in vitro menjadi alternatif untuk menyediakan bibit yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh formulasi media in vitro untuk pembentukan umbi mikro dan mendapatkan metode untuk produksi umbi mini. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap 1 faktor formulasi media. Analisis menggunakan analisis ragam uji lanjut DMRT taraf 5%. Formulasi media in vitro B5-sukrosa 150 g L ­1 dan B5-glukosa 150 g L ­1 menunjukkan hasil pertumbuhan umbi mikro dengan jumlah 2,23 umbi/tanaman bawang merah dan bobot umbi mikro terbesar pada media in vitro B5-glukosa 120 g L ­1 sebesar 1,44 g. Pembentukan umbi mini menunjukkan hasil terbesar pada tanaman media perlakuan B5-sukrosa 150 g L ­1 dengan bobot basah 3,28 g dan bobot kering 3,11 g. Jumlah umbi terbanyak dihasilkan oleh tanaman yang berasal dari perlakuan media B5-sukrosa 150 g L ­1 dengan jumlah umbi tertinggi 2,24 umbi/tanaman bawang merah.
Keyword: In vitro, Micro bulb, Mini bulb, Shallot

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf