Judul: Evaluasi Kualitas Protein Pakan Berbasis Jerami Padi Dengan Daun Murbei Sebagai Pengganti Konsentrat Pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole
Abstrak: Rice straw is the predominant dry season feed for cattle, despite its low nutritive value. It is deficient in readily fermentable energy, nitrogen, minerals and vitamins, and cannot provide for optimum microbial growth in the rumen or tissue development of the host. Mulberry belongs to the genus Morus of the family Moraceae. Mulberry (M. alba) foliage, characterized by its high digestibility and good protein content, has great possibilities for use in animal feeding, both for ruminants and for monogastrics. The aim of this experiment was to investigate and evaluate quality of protein content from the ration based on rice straw, which is combinated with mulberry to substitute the concentrate as feed for cattle. The experiment was conducted for 56 days with the adaptation periods for 2 weeks. This experiment used completely randomized design, with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P1 as control (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate), P2 (50% rice straw + 25% concentrate + 25% Mulberry leaves), P3 (50% rice straw + 50% Mulberry leaves). This experiment used 217.16 ± 10.53 kg male ongole crossbreed. The variables measured were protein consumption, protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, NH3 concentration, allantoin urine and total VFA concentration. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test further tested the significant differences. The cattle given P2 treatment showed the best result for protein consumption (0.96 kg/d) compared to P3 (0.86 kg/d), allantoin urine (1.73 g/d) compared to P1 (2.23 g/d) and total VFA concentration (108.75 mM) compared to P1 (75.33 mM). It can be concluded that quality of mulberry leaves protein can be used to substitute 50% concentrate in the ration as feed protein resources for ruminants especially increasing protein consumption, allantoin urine and total VFA. Keywords: Protein, mulberry, rice straw, cattle
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Judul: Kecernaan Ransum Berbasis Jerami  Padi yang Diberi Tepung Daun Murbei  Sebagai Substitusi Konsentrat Pada  Sapi Peranakan Ongole
Abstrak: Mulberry leaf has a great potential as animal feed because of its high nutrient content. It has 20,4% crude protein, therefore it can be used as substitution for concentrate. The aims of this experience was to study effect of mulberry leaf as substitution of concentrate in PO cattle. This experiment used completely randomize design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P1 (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate/control), P2 (50% rice straw + 25% concentrate+ 25% mulberry leaf), P3 (50% rice straw + 50% mulberry leaf). This experiment was conducted for 2 months with 2 weeks adaptation periode. Variables observed were dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, extract eter digestibility, and total production of rumen VFA. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, and differences among treatments were tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that mulberry leaf can substitute concentrate at most 50%. The addition of mulberry leaf significantly (P<0.05) increased crude fiber digestibility but decreased crude protein and eter extract digestibility. The mixture between concentrate and mulberry leaf increased dry matter digestibility and the amount of total VFA.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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