Judul: Potency Of Ginkgo Biloba Infusion As An Analgesic And Stamina Stimulator In Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Ginkgo biloba, a renowned botanical with a rich historical legacy in traditional medicine, has garnered significant attention in modern pharmacological research due to its diverse therapeutic properties. This research aims to synthesize current knowledge surrounding the analgesic and stamina-enhancing effects of Ginkgo biloba infusion. Ginkgo biloba, commonly known as maidenhair tree, is revered for its phytochemical composition, which includes flavonoids, terpenoids, and ginkgolides. This study aimed to observe the effectiveness of Gingko biloba leaves in capsule form infusion as an analgesic and stamina in various dose in a mice. A total of 20 male mice were used and each group consist of 5 mice. It was grouped into control, and Gingko biloba infusion at dose of 1, 2, and 4 g/kg BW. The analgesic and stamina test was conducted through tail flick test and swimming endurance test respectively. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Excel. Based on this research, the effective dose for analgesic test and stamina test is is 4 g/kg BW and 1 g/kg BW respectively. Gingko biloba have been proven to increase the analgesic effect and increase stamina stimulation, Ginkgo biloba adalah tumbuhan herbal yang terkenal dalam pengobatan tradisional dan telah menarik perhatian besar dalam penelitian farmakologi modern karena beragam sifat terapeutiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mensintesis pengetahuan terkini seputar efek analgesik dan peningkatan stamina dari infusa Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo biloba, umumnya dikenal sebagai pohon maidenhair, karena komposisi fitokimianya, yang meliputi flavonoid, terpenoid, dan ginkgolida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas infusa daun Gingko biloba dalam bentuk kapsul sebagai analgesik dan stamina pada berbagai dosis pada mencit. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit jantan digunakan dan masing- masing kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit jantan galur Deutschland Denken Yoken dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan mencit yang diberi infusa Gingko biloba dengan dosis 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB secara peroral. Uji analgesik dan stamina dilakukan masing-masing melalui uji analgesik (Tail flick test) dan uji stamina (Swimming endurance test). Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Berdasarkan penelitian, dosis efektif untuk uji analgesik adalah 4 g/kg BB dan 1 g/kg BB untuk uji stamina. Gingko biloba terbukti menimbulkan efek analgesik dan meningkatkan stamina
Keyword: Analgesic, Ginko Biloba, Tail immersion Tesy, Swimming Test

Judul: Potential of Agarwood (Gyrinops versteegii Gilg.) as Analgesic and Endurance Stimulator in Male Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara yang memiliki keragaman dalam flora dan faunanya. Hal ini ditambah dengan unsur tradisional yang masih kental di Indonesia menyebabkan pemanfaatan tanaman tradisional sebagai bahan obat masih marak digunakan. Pohon gaharu merupakan salah satu tanaman yang banyak digunakan batangnya untuk wewangian, dupa, dan obat tradisional. Akan tetapi, pemanfaatan bagian daun gaharu masih belum banyak digunakan meskipun sudah terbukti mengandung banyak senyawa berkhasiat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi daun gaharu sebagai analgesik dan stimulator stamina. Pengujian analgesik dilakukan dengan metode tail immersion test, sedangkan stimulator stamina menggunakan metode ketahanan berenang. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit jantan yang diberi infusa daun gaharu dengan berbagai dosis, yaitu 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB, dengan kelompok 0 menjadi kelompok kontrol. Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas 5 ekor mencit. Pemberian infusa daun gaharu dilakukan secara per oral dalam tiga kali pengulangan dengan selang selama satu hari. Data yang diperoleh dari hasil penelitian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) one way dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dosis 4 g/kg BB infusa daun gaharu menghasilkan efek analgesik serta stimulan yang lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan dosis lainnya. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa infusa daun gaharu dapat digunakan sebagai analgesik dan stimulator stamina alami.
Keyword: analgesik, infusa, mencit, stamina, daun gaharu

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite