Judul: Efektivitas Biaya Pengelolaan Limbah Rumah Sakit X di Jakarta Selatan
Abstrak: X Hospital started the liquid waste management by built the liquid waste management installation (IPAL) with system of aerobic - anaerobic biofilter in 2006. While for the solid waste management, X Hospital collaborated with cleanliness services of South Jakarta and PT WASTEC. This research was about waste management assessing of X Hospital which analyzed from characteristic of waste management, people preference, IPAL efficiency, determination of Unit Daily Cost (UDC) and cost effectiveness of waste water management. People preference showed that waste management has already been well. The liquid waste efficiency has scored more than 80 percent from all parameter and declared to be efficient. The efficiency examination with t-test showed that IPAL could reduce waste concentration significantly. UDC value received was Rp. 3.569,51. The most effective reducing cost was reducing cost from COD parameter. Meanwhile, the cost effectiveness ratio on waste treatment with activated sludge bioreactor system has more effective than cost effectiveness ratio on waste treatment with anaerob-aerob biofilter system.
Keyword: cost effectiveness, efficiency of waste treatment, hospital waste management

Judul: Cost-Effectiveness of Hospital Wastewater Treatment (Case Study: Rumah Sakit Y Sukabumi City)
Abstrak: Limbah cair yang dihasilkan oleh fasilitas pelayanan kesehatan mengandung polutan yang dapat berbahaya bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Polutan dapat menimbulkan eksternalitas negatif bila tidak dikelola dengan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap perubahan dampak lingkungan yang dihasilkan dari pengelolaan limbah cair Rumah Sakit Y Kota Sukabumi, (2) menganalisis efektivitas biaya pengelolaan limbah cair yang diimplementasikan oleh Rumah Sakit Y Kota Sukabumi, dan (3) menguraikan upaya Rumah Sakit Y Kota Sukabumi untuk memenuhi kebijakan terkait pengelolaan limbah cair. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif kuantitatif menggunakan Skala Likert, analisis efektivitas biaya, dan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) masyarakat memiliki persepsi positif terhadap perubahan dampak lingkungan dari adanya pengelolaan limbah cair oleh Rumah Sakit Y Kota Sukabumi, (2) opsi pengelolaan limbah cair Rumah Sakit Y Kota Sukabumi yang efektif secara biaya yaitu pengolahan limbah cair dengan metode klorinasi pada tahapan disinfeksi, dan (3) Rumah Sakit Y Kota Sukabumi telah memenuhi kebijakan yang berlaku tentang pengelolaan limbah cair., Wastewater generated by healthcare facilities contains pollutants that can be harmful to the environment and human health. Pollutants can cause negative externalities if not managed appropriately. This study aims to: (1) analyze community perceptions of changes in environmental impacts resulting from the treatment of wastewater from Rumah Sakit Y Sukabumi City, (2) analyze the cost-effectiveness of wastewater treatment implemented by Rumah Sakit Y Sukabumi City, and (3) describe the efforts of Rumah Sakit Y Sukabumi City to comply with policies related to wastewater treatment. The methods used were quantitative descriptive analysis using Likert Scale, cost-effectiveness analysis, and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results of this study showed that: (1) the community had positive perceptions of changes in environmental impacts from the management of wastewater by Rumah Sakit Y Sukabumi City, (2) the cost-effective wastewater treatment option of Rumah Sakit Y Sukabumi City was the treatment of wastewater with the chlorination method at the disinfection stage, and (3) Rumah Sakit Y Sukabumi City had complied with applicable policies on wastewater treatment.
Keyword: eksternalitas, klorinasi, IPAL, persepsi masyarakat

Judul: Pemodelan Selang Kelahiran Anak Pertama
Abstrak: Seiang kelahiran anak pertam3 mcrupakan jarak waktu dari umur pcrkawinan pcrtama pada \Vanila sampai umur kclahiran anak pertama. Selang kelahiran anak pertama dapal digunakan scbagai penduga kesuburan \Vanila karena pada umumnya pasangan suami islri yang bam menikah tidak menunda kelahiran anak pertama
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