Judul: Evaluasi Kinerja Sistem Distribusi Air Pada PDAM Tirta Pakuan di Perumahan Griya Melati, Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Water is one of the basic requirement for human being. It means that maintenance and menagement of water distribution system gets the first priority. The objective of this research was to evaluate performance of PDAM Tirta Pakuan water distribution system in Griya Melati recidence. The analysis was held based on questioner and Epanet 2.0. Analysis of network capability’s performance was done, including quantity, pressure, continuity, and quality, and also costumer satisfaction about PDAM performance. Based on costumer satisfaction survey about water physical quality parameters (i.e. taste, color and smell), the water was good, even sometime its smell like chlorine. The comparison between water use measurement and Epanet 2.0 simulation showed that PDAM was succeed to fulfill costumer demand even the heads and discharges were fluctuated. The highest headloss on pipe 19 was 0.072 m because the changed of pipe’s diameter from 100 mm to 50 mm so the velocity was increasing. PDAM has been distributing water for 24 hours so the water were always available for customers. Based on water quality test in PDAM laboratory, the result was suitable with Permenkes RI. No. 492/Menkes/Per/IV/2010.
Keyword: clean water, costumer, Epanet 2.0, performance, water distribution system

Judul: Analisis Sistem Distribusi Air Bersih di Perumahan Ciomas Permai, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Sistem distribusi air bersih sering bermasalah dalam hal kuantitas, tekanan, kontinuitas dan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem distribusi air bersih PDAM Tirta Kahuripan, Kabupaten Bogor di Perumahan Ciomas Permai. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Analisis sistem distribusi air bersih dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi EPANET 2.0. Perumahan Ciomas Permai termasuk ke dalam zona 6 PDAM Tirta Kahuripan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa kualitas air yang didistribusikan telah sesuai dengan standar yang berlaku dan kontinyu selama 24 jam walaupun terdapat perbedaan debit yang signifikan saat jam puncak. Berdasarkan pengukuran pada hari Minggu dan Senin besarnya debit minimum sebesar 14.4 l/det dan 13.8 l/det, melebihi kebutuhan pelanggan sebesar 7.34 l/det, sedangkan tekanan berkisar antara 0.7 – 1.35 bar. Pada simulasi distribusi air bersih menggunakan EPANET 2.0 didapatkan bahwa kecepatan air dan headloss berdasarkan simulasi tidak memenuhi persyaratan yang berlaku.
Keyword: debit, EPANET 2.0, headloss, kualitas air, tekanan

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship