Judul: Penggunaan ZnCl2 sebagai Aktivator Karbon Aktif dari Limbah Padat Agar dan Aplikasinya sebagai Adsorben pada Limbah Cair Industri Tahu
Abstrak: Agar solid waste is a material that has the potential as a raw material for activated carbon. This waste contains high value of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. The study aims to determine the best concentration of ZnCl2 and best activation time on activation step and to determine the effectiveness of the using of activated carbon as adsorbent for tofu wastewater treatment. The activation step was carried out with ZnCl2 concentration of 10; 20; 30% and activation time of 15; 20; 25 hours. The best activation treatment was obtained from the treatment of 10% ZnCl2 concentration and 25 hours of activation time with activated carbon’s yield 96.24%, moisture content 1.12%, ash 85.68%, volatile matter 10.16%, carbon yield 4.25% and absorption of iodine 579.12 mg/g. Activated carbon from the best treatment applied to tofu wastewater treatment with activated carbon levels of 0; 1; 2; 3% and contact period of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 hours. Application treatment with activated carbon level of 3% and 1 hour contact period decreased the value of BOD, TSS and pH from 3485.77 mg/L, 4249.38 mg/L, 681.33 mg/L and 4.68 to 1269.82 mg/L, 72 mg/L dan 4.09 significantly, however it did not affect the COD value.
Keyword: ZnCl2, agar solid waste, tofu wastewater, activated carbon, adsorbent

Judul: Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif dengan Aktivator H3PO4 dari Limbah Padat Agar sebagai Penjerap pada Limbah Cair Industri Penyamakan Kulit
Abstrak: Agar solid waste can be used as an adsorbent in the form of activated carbon. The study aims were to determine the best concentration of H3PO4 and activation time on the processing of activated carbon and the effectiveness of activated carbon as an adsorbent in the tanning industry wastewater. The activation step of activated carbon was carried out with H3PO4 concentration of 10; 20; 30% and the time activation of 15; 20; 25 hours. The best activation treatment was obtained on 10% H3PO4 concentration and 15 hours activation time with activated carbons yield of 93.42%, moisture content of 10.59%, ash content of 65.91%, absorption of iodine of 1090.80 mg/g, volatile matter of 21.60% dan fixed carbon of 12.35%. The best activated carbon was applied to the tanning industry wastewater with contact time of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 hours and activated carbon concentrations of 0; 1; 2; 3%. Application treatment with contact time of 0.5 hours and 3% activated carbon concentration decreased the value of Cr from 4371.21 ppm to 3572.76 ppm, treatment with contact time of 1 hours and 3% activated carbon concentration decreased the value of BOD, COD from 1216.10 mg/L, 17753.33 mg/L to 438.21 mg/L, 11770.00 mg/L respectively, however it did not affect the pH value.
Keyword: adsorbent, agar solid waste, wastewater, activated carbon, H3PO4

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii