Judul: Carcass Percentage, Commercial Cuts, and  Non-Carcass Parts of IPB-D3 Chickens at Different Slaughter Ages and Locations
Abstrak: Ayam lokal memiliki ketahanan tubuh yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ayam ras. Ayam IPB-D3 merupakan calon galur baru pejantan (male line) yang dibentuk dari hasil seleksi ayam IPB-D1 G7 berdasarkan pertumbuhan bobot badan yang cepat pada umur 12 minggu. Pertumbuhan bobot badan yang cepat dapat dipengaruhi oleh genetik dan lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi persentase karkas, potongan karkas secara komersial dan bagian non karkas pada ayam IPB-D3 pada umur potong dan lokasi berbeda, yaitu Sukabumi, Bogor, dan Boyolali. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam IPB-D3 Sukabumi sebagai data primer dan ayam IPB-D3 Bogor dan Boyolali sebagai data sekunder pembanding, masing-masing berjumlah 30 ekor. Berdasarkan hasil yang didapat adalah ayam IPB-D3 Sukabumi memiliki persentase karkas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan ayam IPB-D3 Bogor dan Boyolali, akan tetapi bagian persentase non karkas ayam IPB-D3 Sukabumi lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ayam IPB-D3 Bogor dan Boyolali, Local chickens have higher immune resilience compared to commercial breeds. IPB-D3 chickens are a new male line strain created by selecting IPB-D1 G7 chickens based on their rapid body weight growth at 12 weeks. Tight body weight growth can be influenced by genetics and the environment. This research aims to evaluate the carcass percentage, commercially cut carcass pieces, and non-carcass parts of IPB-D3 chickens at different ages and locations, namely Sukabumi, Bogor, and Boyolali. The study utilizes IPB-D3 Sukabumi chickens as primary data and IPB-D3 Bogor and Boyolali chickens as secondary comparative data, with each group comprising 30 individuals. Based on the results, it is found that IPB-D3 Sukabumi chickens have a lower carcass percentage compared to IPB-D3 Bogor and Boyolali chickens. However, the percentage of non-carcass parts in IPB-D3 Sukabumi chickens is higher than in IPB-D3 Bogor and Boyolali chickens
Keyword: Carcass percentage, Non-carcass percentage, IPB-D3 chicken

Judul: Comparison of Carcass and Non-Carcass Weight  Percentage between IPB-D2 Chickens and IPB-D3 Chickens at Different Slaughter  Age
Abstrak: Ayam IPB-D1 sebagai rumpun baru ayam lokal merupakan upaya meningkatkan mutu genetik ayam lokal Indonesia. Ayam IPB-D2 dan IPB-D3 keturunan ayam IPB-D1 diseleksi untuk dijadikan calon indukan ayam IPB-D1 unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan menambah informasi, mengkaji, dan membandingkan persentase bobot karkas dan non-karkas pada galur ayam IPB-D2 dan IPB-D3 pada umur potong berbeda. Ayam yang digunakan sebanyak 30 ekor untuk masing masing galur. Peubah yang diamati yaitu bobot dada, paha atas, paha bawah, sayap, punggung, kepala, leher, ceker, hati, usus, rempela, dan jantung. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji deskriptif dan uji t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan persentase bobot karkas ayam jantan IPB-D2 G4 lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan ayam jantan IPB-D3 G2. Persentase bobot non-karkas ayam jantan IPB-D2 G4 lebih besar dari ayam jantan IPB-D3 G2. Ayam IPB-D3 memiliki peluang yang unggul sebagai calon galur pejantan dan ayam penghasil daging. Ayam IPB-D2 memiliki peluang yang unggul sebagai calon galur betina., The IPB-D1 chicken as a new species of local chickens is an effort to improve the genetic quality of Indonesia's local chickens. Chicken IPB-D2 and IPB-D3 incubators of chicken IPB-D1 were selected for special breed chicken IPB-D1. The study aims to add information, review, and compare the percentage of weight of carcass and non-carcass in chicken galleys IPB-D2 and IPB-D3 at different cut ages. Chickens used up to 30 chickens each. The observed change was the weight of the chest, upper thigh, lower thigh, wing, back, head, neck, neck, claw, liver, intestines, and heart. Data obtained was analyzed with a descriptive and t-test results showing a percentage of cock weight in IPB-D2 G4 cock was smaller than the IPB-D3 G2 cock. Non-carcass a cock IPB-D2 G4 was greater than a cock IPB-D3 G2. The chicken IPB-D3 has a distinct chance of becoming a male and flesh-producing hen. The IPB-D2 chicken has an excellent opportunity as a female trowel.
Keyword: carcass weight, IPB-D2 line chicken, IPB-D3 line chicken, non-carcass  weight

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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