Judul: Chemical Properties and Biological Value Evaluation of Defatted Maggot as an Alternative to Meat Bone Meal in Poultry Feed
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan memproduksi defatted maggot sebagai konsentrat protein dan mengevaluasi sifat kimia, serta nilai biologis defatted maggot sebagai bahan pakan alternatif meat bone meal dalam pakan unggas (in vitro). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan untuk penelitian kecernaan in vitro (P1 = maggot kontrol, P2 = defatted maggot, P3 = meat bone meal) dan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan untuk penelitian kecernaan protein (in vivo) dan retensi nitrogen (P1 = Ransum basal + Maggot Kontrol 5%, P2 = Ransum basal +Defatted Maggot 5%, P3 = Ransum basal+Meat Bone Meal 5%). Parameter penelitian ini adalah kecernaan nutrien (in vitro), skor kimia, indeks asam amino esensial, nilai biologis, kecernaan protein (in vivo), dan retensi nitrogen. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) dan akan dilanjutkan uji duncan jika terdapat perbedaan nyata. Data skor asam amino, IAAE, dan nilai biologis yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai yang tidak signifikan (P>0.05) pada data uji kecernaan protein kasar (in vitro), kecernaan lemak kasar, kecernaan serat kasar, kecernaan protein (in vivo), konsumsi nitrogen, ekskresi nitrogen, dan retensi nitrogen. Data penelitian ini memiliki nilai yang signifikan (P<0.05) pada hasil uji kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik. Proses ekstraksi maggot dengan pelarut hexane dapat menghasilkan produk maggot (defatted maggot) yang memiliki nilai kandungan protein yang tinggi dan kandungan lemak dibawah 5%. Proses ekstraksi tidak dapat merubah asam amino yang defisien, namun dapat meningkat nilai kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang dilakukan secara in vitro.
Keyword: nilai biologis, maggot, in vitro, ekstraksi

Judul: EVALUATION OF HIGH PROTEIN FEEDING IN IMPROVING MAGGOT PRODUCTIVITY
Abstrak: Maggot dapat dijadikan pakan alternatif sebagai pakan sumber protein hewani karena maggot memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang baik terutama pada kadar protein yang tinggi dan mudah ditemukan serta dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan media tumbuh maggot dari bahan organik dengan formula pakan tinggi protein. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 2 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah P0 (pakan kontrol limbah buah dan limbah rumah tangga) dan P1 (pakan konsentrat protein tinggi). Pakan kontrol dan perlakuan protein tinggi diberikan sebanyak 13 kg selama pemeliharaan. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi (gram), reduksi substrat (%), total biomassa akhir (g), jumlah maggot, bobot maggot (gram), indeks pengurangan limbah (%), FCR dan biokonversi (%). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji T sampel berpasangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa larva BSF yang diberi perlakuan protein tinggi berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan pakan kontrol untuk parameter FCR namun untuk larva yang diberi perlakuan protein tinggi nyata lebih rendah untuk parameter konsumsi pakan, reduksi substrat, total biomassa akhir, jumlah maggot, bobot maggot, WRI, dan biokonversi larva. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini pemberian pakan maggot menggunakan media tumbuh organik dan ransum buatan protein tinggi menghasilkan performa, biokonversi, nilai pengurangan limbah yang sama. Perlakuan bahan organik dan ransum protein tinggi menghasilkan FCR yang berbeda., Maggot can be used as an alternative feed as a source of animal protein because maggot has good nutritional content, especially at high protein levels and is easy to find and develop. This study aims to compare maggot growing media from organic materials with high protein feed formulas. This study used a completely randomized design with 2 treatments and 4 replicates. The treatments used were P0 (fruit waste control feed and household waste) and P1 (high protein concentrate feed). The control feed and high protein treatment were given as much as 13 kg during maintenance. Parameters measured were consumption (grams), substrate reduction (%), final total biomass (g), maggot number, maggot weight (grams), waste reduction index (%), FCR and bioconversion (%). Data were analyzed using paired sample T test. The results showed that BSF larvae treated with high protein had a significant effect (P<0.05) compared to the control feed for FCR parameters, but the larvae treated with high protein were significantly lower for the parameters of feed consumption, substrate reduction, total final biomass, maggot number, maggot weight, WRI, and larval bioconversion. The conclusion of this study is that maggot feeding using organic growing media and high protein artificial rations produces the same performance, bioconversion, waste reduction value. The treatment of organic matter and high protein rations resulted in different FCR.
Keyword: Biokonversi, limbah, maggot, pakan alternatif, produktifitas

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite