Judul: Analisis mikrobiologis kolon mencit (Mus musculus) yang diberi pakan prebiotik dari tongkol jagung
Abstrak: Peningkatan hasil pertanian menyebabkan peningkatan limbah pertanian seperti tongkol jagung. Tongkol jagung dapat dijadikan prebiotik melalui tahapan delignifikasi, pemecahan selulosa, dan pemecahan hemiselulosa. Analisis mikrobiologis pada kolon mencit dilakukan untuk melihat jumlah Lactobacillus sp. dan Escherichia coli sebelum dan setelah diberi perlakuan. Perlakuan tersebut berupa ransum kontrol, ransum prebiotik 2,5%, ransum prebiotik 5%, ransum prebiotik 7,5%, ransum kontrol + EPEC K1.1, ransum prebiotik 2,5% + EPEC K1.1, ransum prebiotik 5% + EPEC K1.1, dan ransum prebiotik 7,5% + EPEC K1.1. Kombinasi isolat aktinomiset KBM 6 dan Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3 merupakan kombinasi isolat terbaik untuk memecah selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang terdapat pada tongkol jagung dibandingkan dengan dua kombinasi isolat lain (Bacillus sp. C5-1 dan Streptomyces sp. 234P-16, aktinomiset KBM 7 dan Streptomyces costaricanus 45I-3). Pengujian sifat prebiotik secara in vivo pada mencit (Mus musculus) terhadap jumlah Lactobacillus sp. menunjukkan pemberian ransum kontrol, prebiotik 2,5%, prebiotik 5%, dan prebiotik 2,5% + EPEC K1.1 tidak berbeda nyata dengan sebelum perlakuan. Penurunan jumlah Lactobacillus sp. ditunjukkan oleh pemberian prebiotik 7,5%, prebiotik 5% + EPEC K1.1, dan prebiotik 7,5% + EPEC K1.1, sedangkan jumlah Escherichia coli pada mencit menunjukkan sebelum perlakuan dengan kontrol tidak berbeda nyata, pemberian prebiotik 2,5% + EPEC K1.1 tidak berbeda nyata dengan pemberian prebiotik 5% + EPEC K1.1, pemberian prebiotik 5% tidak berbeda nyata dengan pemberian prebiotik 7,5% + EPEC K1.1, dan penurunan jumlah E. coli tertinggi pada pemberian prebiotik 7,5%.
Keyword: In vitro, Lactobacillus casei, Escherichia coli, In vivo

Judul: Gambaran darah, bursa fabricius, timus dan populasi mikroba sekum ayam broiler yang diberi prebiotik (Xilooligosakarida) dari tongkol jagung
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan karena dilatarbelakangi oleh adanya kesadaran masyarakat akan produk peternakan yang aman dan sehat yaitu produk peternakan yang bebas dari residu obat-obatan dan bebas patogen. Penggunaan antibiotik secara rutin akan menimbulkan resistensi bakteri dan menimbulkan masalah terhadap kesehatan manusia, karena bakteri akan membawa faktor resistensi yang akan menginfeksi manusia ketika manusia mengkonsumsi produk hasil ternak (Chekee, 2004). Kondisi tersebut perlu diperbaiki dengan mengurangi penggunaan antibiotik pada unggas yang stres atau terserang penyakit dengan menggunakan prebiotik yang salah satunya berasal dari limbah pertanian yaitu tongkol jagung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan efektivitas pemberian antibiotik bambermycin dan prebiotik berasal dari tongkol jagung terhadap gambaran darah, persentase bobot bursa fabricius, persentase bobot timus, jumlah mikroba, dan VFA sekum ayam broiler yang diinfeksi dengan E.coli. Penelitian ini menggunakan 180 ekor ayam broiler strain cobb umur satu hari (Day Old Chick) dipelihara selama 5 minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan pola 2 x 3 dengan 3 ulangan, dimana faktor A yaitu perlakuan diinfeksi E.coli dan tanpa diinfeksi E.coli , sedangkan faktor B yaitu perlakuan kontrol (tanpa antibiotik dan prebiotik), perlakuan dengan penambahan prebiotik 2,5%, dan perlakuan dengan penambahan antibiotik 0,01%. Peubah yang diamati adalah eritrosit, hematokrit, hemoglobin, leukosit, diferensiasi leukosit, bursa fabricius, timus dan populasi mikroba sekum ayam broiler. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan jika perlakuan berbeda nyata terhadap peubah yang diukur dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut kontras ortogonal.
Keyword: pathogenic bacteria, non-pathogenic bacteria, E.coli bacteria, Factorial Completly Randomized Design, ANOVA, bursa fabricius

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite