Judul: Dampak Subsidi Suku Bunga Kredit Investasi dan Peningkatan Penawaran Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) terhadap Penawaran dan Permintaan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) is a vegetable oil which is extracted from the kernel of palm oil. Production of PKO in Indonesia unable to fulfill demand of PKO for the downstream industries. Therefore, there is a gap or an imbalance between supply and demand for PKO in Indonesia, so import can not be avoides. The purpose of this research is to analyze factors that influence supply and demand of PKO in Indonesia and to evaluate effect of subsidy investment credit interest rate and increase supply of PKO in Indonesia on supply and demand of PKO in Indonesia. The study used time series data from 1989-2011. Supply and demand of PKO models is to built simultaneous equation system and it is estimated by using two stage least square (2SLS) method. Supply of PKO is a sum of production of PKO, import of PKO, stock of PKO from preceding year and decreased by export of PKO. Production of PKO is multiplying the total area of oil palm yield and productivity of PKO in Indonesia. Productivity of PKO is ainfluenced by Indonesian real plantation sector wages. Demand of PKO is a sum demand of PKO from Cocoa Butter Substitute (CBS) industry as a derived products of PKO and other industries (fatty acid). Demand of PKO by CBS industry is influenced by the CBS production of Indonesia and the demand of PKO by CBS Indonesian Industry from preceding year. Combination of subsidy investment interest rate and increase supply of PKO will increase demand of PKO, demand and supply of downstream industries that is CBS, and will decrease real price of PKO and CBS in Indonesia.
Keyword: PKO, Supply and Demand, CBS

Judul: Impacts of Domestic Policies and External Factors on the Crude Palm Oil Producers’s and Consumer’s Welfare in Indonesia
Abstrak: Besides its promising prospect in the world market, crude palm oil (CPO) in Indonesia plays an important role to fulfill the need of domestic downstream industries (such as palm cooking oil, oleo chemical, margarine, soap, and biodiesel) for their input procurements. Broad changes in the structure of regional and global economy will affect production, consumption, and trade of CPO and palm cooking oil in Indonesian. The objectives of this study are to analyze the affecting factors of supply and demand for CPO in domestic and world markets and to evaluate (2003-2007) and to forecast (2012-2016) the impact of domestic policies and external factors on the performance of CPO industry in Indonesia. This study was conducted by formulating an econometric model of CPO industry. The model specification was dynamic simultaneous equations and consist of 27 behavioral equations and 12 identities. Model identification was performed by using the order condition criteria, while model was estimated by using 2SLS method. The result show that domestic price of CPO is more responsive to changes in domestic demand quantity of CPO than export demand of CPO. Moreover, the developing of domestic downstream industries of CPO will increase the quantity of demand for CPO, hence it can increase the prices that is received by CPO producers. Domestic policy in the form of restrictions on exports of CPO with determination of the export tax rate of 20 percents can improve the net welfare that is more than the policy of domestic quota (increased domestic supply of CPO) and the policy of export quota. Increasing domestic supply of CPO gives a negative impact on net welfare. This is because the increasing in domestic supply of CPO has not been supported by the development of downstream industry of CPO (besides palm cooking oil industry), thus increasing the domestic supply of CPO will decrease the domestic price of CPO and domestic price of palm cooking oil. In the long run, after the downstream industries of CPO developed rapidly, the government should focus on policy of domestic market obligation (DMO) for CPO companies, hence they will commit to supply CPO domestic. Finally, the DMO policy will fulfill the needs of downstream industry.
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Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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