Judul: Resistansi terhadap Antibiotik pada Isolat Klebsiella pneumoniae asal Kucing di Klinik Hewan Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Klebsiella pneumoniae merupakan bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan pneumonia pada kucing. Selain itu, Klebsiella pneumoniae adalah bakteri patogen pada kejadian infeksi nosokomial. Resistansi antibiotik merupakan kondisi yang dapat menghambat lama pengobatan pasien rawat inap. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi Klebsiella pneumoniae yang resisten terhadap beberapa antibiotik pada kucing rawat inap di Klinik Hewan Kota Bogor. Pengujian resistansi antibiotik menggunakan metode Disk Diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat Klebsiella pneumoniae mengalami resisten terhadap semua antibiotik yang diuji. Isolat Klebsiella pneumoniae mengalami resisten terhadap ampisilin (75%), tetrasiklin (62,5%), oksitetrasiklin (56,25%), enrofloksasin (50%), dan gentamisin (43,75%).
Keyword: antibiotic resistance, cat, clinic, Klebsiella pneumoniae

Judul: Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from Cats at Several Animal Clinics in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Klebsiella spp. merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial. Klebsiella spp. dapat menyerang saluran pernapasan dan pencernaan kucing. Resistansi antibiotik dapat memperburuk kondisi dan memperlambat penyembuhan pasien yang terinfeksi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji resistansi berbagai jenis antibiotik pada Klebsiella spp. yang diisolasi dari kucing rawat inap dan rawat jalan di klinik hewan di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari koleksi sampel, isolasi dan identifikasi, serta uji resistansi dengan metode disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat resistansi isolat Klebsiella spp. berbeda-beda pada setiap antibiotik uji. Isolat uji menunjukkan resistan terhadap ampisilin, sefotaksim, doksisiklin, metronidazol, dan eritromisin. Isolat Klebsiella spp. masih tergolong sensitif terhadap antibiotik aztreonam, gentamisin, enrofloksasin, dan amoksisilin. Terdapat 9 isolat yang terindikasikan sebagai multi-drug resistance., Klebsiella spp. is one of the bacteria that can cause nosocomial infections. Klebsiella spp. could infect the respiratory and digestive tract of the cat. Antibiotic resistance can aggravate the condition and slow the healing of patients who infected by bacteria. This study aims to test the resistance of various types of antibiotics on Klebsiella spp. isolated from cats at several animal clinics in Bogor Regency. This research method consists of sample collection, isolation and identification, and antibiotic resistance tests with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin. The isolate still classified as sensitive to the antibiotics aztreonam, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and amoxicillin. There are 9 isolates classified as multidrug-resistance.
Keyword: Antibiotic, cat, Klebsiella spp., resistance

Judul: Variabilitas Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Interelasinya dengan Muson, Dipole Mode (DM) dan El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) di Perairan Asia Tenggara dan Sekitarnya.
Abstrak: Variability of air-sea interaction in the Southeast Asia and its surrounding waters has an important role for regulating the Asian and Australian climate dynamics and the dynamics of ocean-atmosphere in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. The results of the first five largest variance of Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) analysis of monthly mean sea surface temperature between 1979- 2007 from data assimilation of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) in the Southeast Asia waters are able to identify occurrence of the Monsoon activity, the period of Dipole Mode (DM) in Indian Ocean and types of El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the Pacific Ocean. The heat dynamics of the sea and atmosphere in the Indonesia waters are probably the triggers of DM and ENSO after performing spectral density function of EOF expansion coefficients, wavelet transform and composite analysis based on one times of standard deviation above positive and below negative of expansion coefficient using Earth System Research Laboratory-National Oceanic Atmospheric Administration (ESRL-NOAA) dataset, including wind data, air temperature, air pressure, outgoing long wave radiation (OLR), rainfall, precipitation, evaporation, sensible heat, latent heat and humidity. Schematics of the dynamical processes of oceanatmosphere interaction were constructed based on composite analysis results by discovering unique pattern which are called as phase of Asymmetric Monsoon of Southeast Asia waters (AMSA), Heat Storing/releasing of Southeast Asia waters (SRSA), Dipole Mode of Southeast Asia waters (DMSA), Tripole Mode of Southeast Asia waters (TMSA) and the Mixed Mode of Southeast Asia waters (MMSA) to examine more insightful of the relationships between heat dynamics in the Southeast Asia and the origin processes of Monsoon, DM and ENSO. The rest difference of heat accumulation of AMSA phase in the Southeast Asia are therefore led to a shift of Monsoon and triggering a biennial cycle of the Tropical Biennial Oscillation (TBO) associated with decadal cycle in the SRSA phase is the beginning of DM and ENSO activity. After couple times of biennial cycle, the remaining difference of heat accumulation in the Southeast Asia is getting bigger and needed a new heat balance that generates a trigger of DM period and some types of ENSO. At the DMSA phase was formed DM transition period and conventional ENSO pattern, the TMSA phase as DM transition period and Central Pacific ENSO spread type (CP El Nino/La Nina spread type) and the MMSA phase which coincided peak of DM and Central Pacific ENSO centralized type (CP El Nino/La Nina centralized type).
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