Judul: Retensi Nitrogen dan Sintesis Protein Mikroba pada Domba yang Diinokulasi Bakteri Pendegradasi HCN dan Sulfur yang Diberi Pakan Mengandung Daun Singkong Pahit
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek inokulasi bakteri pendegradasi HCN dan suplementasi sulfur terhadap retensi nitrogen dan sintesis protein mikroba pada domba yang diberi pakan mengandung daun singkong pahit (Manihot glaziovii). Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) 3x4 menggunakan 12 ekor domba jantan dewasa, umur 7-9 bulan dengan rataan bobot badan 21.45±3.33 kg dan ditempatkan dalam kandang individu. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas P1= kontrol (rumput : konsentrat : daun singkong pahit = 40 : 30 : 30), P2= kontrol + bakteri pendegradasi HCN, P3= kontrol + bakteri pendegradasi HCN + Sulfur (MnSO4). Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan bakteri pendegradasi HCN dan suplementasi sulfur tidak mempengaruhi (P>0.05) konsumsi N, N feses, N urin, kecernaan absolute N, retensi N, proporsi retensi N terhadap konsumsi N, retensi N dari N yang dicerna, asam urat, alantoin urin, derivat purin, absorbsi purin, N mikroba, SPM, DOMR, dan ESPM. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa inokulasi bakteri pendegradasi HCN dan suplementasi sulfur pada domba yang diberi pakan mengandung daun singkong pahit 30% tidak memberi pengaruh negatif pada retensi nitrogen dan sintesis protein mikroba.
Keyword: Bakteri pendegradasi HCN, daun singkong, domba, sulfur

Judul: Karakteristik Fermentasi dan Populasi Mikroba Rumen Domba yang Diinokulasi Bakteri Pendegradasi HCN serta Sulfur pada Pakan Mengandung Daun Singkong Pahit (Manihot glaziovii).
Abstrak: Daun singkong pahit (Manihot glaziovii) mengandung protein kasar yang cukup tinggi, namun juga mengandung sianida yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganilisis pengaruh suplementasi bakteri pendegradasi HCN dengan atau tanpa mineral sulfur terhadap karakteristik fermentasi dan populasi mikroba rumen domba lokal yang diberi pakan mengandung daun singkong pahit. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan dengan 15 ekor domba lokal jantan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah P1=kontrol (rumput : konsentrat : daun singkong pahit = 40:30:30), P2= kontrol + bakteri pendegradasi HCN, P3= kontrol + bakteri pendegradasi HCN + MnS04. Peubah yang diamati adalah populasi bakteri dan protozoa dalam rumen, pH rumen, konsentrasi NH3, produksi VFA total dan parsial serta estimasi metan. Analisis data menggunakan ANOVA dan apabila berbeda nyata maka diuji lanjut dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa inokulasi bakteri pendegradasi HCN dan suplementasi mineral sulfur dapat meningkatkan (P<0.05) protozoa dalam rumen dan menurunkan pH rumen. Inokulasi bakteri pendegradasi HCN saja juga meningkatkan (P<0.05) populasi mikroba rumen. Konsentrasi NH3, produksi VFA total dan parsial, serta estimasi metan relatif sama antar perlakuan. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian bakteri pendegradassi HCN yang dikombinasikan dengan mineral sulfur dapat menstimulasi pertumbuhan mikroba rumen.
Keyword: domba, daun singkong pahit, bakteri pendegradasi HCN, sulfur, fermentasi rumen

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite