Judul: Kualitas Semen Beku Sapi FH dengan Penambahan Antioksidan Vitamin C dan E
Abstrak: Proses pembekuan semen mengakibatkan tejadiiya kematian spermatozoa sampai 30% dari jumlah spermatozoa segar. Spermatozoa yang berhasil hidup pada proses pembekuan ini sangat sensitif terhadap ligkungan dan mempunyai daya hidup yang pendek setelah pencairan kembali serta mempunyai fertilitas yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan spermatozoa segar. Banyak teori yang mengemukakan alasan banyaknya sperma yang mati akibat pembekuan ini dan salah satunya adalah akibat terjadinya reaksi peroksidasi lipid sebagai akibat dari adanya radikal bebas yang bersifat merusak) struktur matrik lipid sehingga menyebabkan ketidakstabilan pada membran. Antioksidan ditambahkan untuk mengurangi kerusakan yang terjadi akibat reaksi peroksidasi tersebut.
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Judul: Evaluasi Penambahan Glutation dan Kolesterol pada Pengencer Air Kelapa terhadap Kualitas Semen Dingin Sapi FH
Abstrak: Pada umumnya program IB dilakukan dengan menggunakan semen beku, akan tetapi penggunaan semen beku ini menghadapi beberapa masalah antara lain kurang lebih 30% spermatozoa akan mati selama pembekuan, dan spermatozoa yang bertahan hidup selama pembekuan umumnya mempunyai fertilitas yang rendah. Hambatan lain yang cukup dominan didapat pada kondisi pedesaan. Hambatan itu adalah keterbatasan penyediaan nitrogen cair, sehingga penggunaan dan penanganan semen beku ditingkat daerah menghasilkan persentase kebuntingan yang rendah. Cara menangani keterbatasan pada kondisi pedesaan bisa dilakukan melalui penggunaan semen dingin yang mudah dan murah untuk didapatkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi Reproduksi Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 bulan, mulai tanggal 14 Agustus 2003 sampai 2 Oktober 2003.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm