Judul: Breeding Techniques and Economic Value of White Rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) Contest Quality
Abstrak: Murai batu merupakan jenis burung pengicau dengan suara yang bagus dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi teknik pemeliharaan murai batu kualitas kontes, mengidentifikasi sistem penilaian kontes, dan mengestimasikan nilai ekonomi murai batu berdasarkan WTP dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai WTP. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapang, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik pemeliharaan murai batu kualitas kontes meliputi, pengaturan pakan, pemasteran, penjemuran, penggantangan, pengerodongan, dan pengumbaran. Sistem penilaian kontes menggunakan bendera sebagai tanda poin penilaian. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penilaian meliputi, irama dan variasi lagu, durasi kerja, volume suara, serta gaya dan fisik burung. Estimasi nilai ekonomi murai batu berdasarkan WTP didapatkan rata-rata sebesar Rp34.224.138 untuk satu ekor murai batu kualitas kontes. Variabel tingkat pendapatan mempengaruhi nilai WTP sebesar 99%. Semakin tinggi tingkatan juara yang diraih, semakin tinggi pula nilai ekonomi murai batu tersebut., White-rumped shama is a type of songbird with a good voice and has a high economic value. This study aims to identify contest quality white-rumped shama breeding techniques, identify contest scoring systems, and estimate the economic value of white-rumped shama based on WTP and analyze the factors that influence the WTP value. Data were collected through field observations and interviews. The results showed that the breeding techniques of contest quality white-rumped shama include, setting feed, voice training, drying, hanging, envelop, and physical training. The contest scoring system uses a flag as a mark of scoring points. The variables used in the assessment include the rhythm and variety of the song, the duration of work, the volume of the voice, and the style and physique of the bird. The estimated economic value of white-rumped shama based on WTP is IDR 34,224,138 for one contest quality white-rumped shama. The income level variable affects the WTP’s value by 99%. The higher the level of champion achieved, the higher the economic value of the white-rumped shama.
Keyword: Bird contest, Breeding techniques, Economic value, White rumped  shama

Judul: Breeding Techniques and Economic Value of White-Rumped Shama (Copsychus malabaricus) Contest Quality
Abstrak: Murai batu merupakan jenis burung pengicau dengan suara yang bagus dan memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi teknik pemeliharaan murai batu kualitas kontes, mengidentifikasi sistem penilaian kontes, dan mengestimasikan nilai ekonomi murai batu berdasarkan WTP dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai WTP. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi lapang, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik pemeliharaan murai batu kualitas kontes meliputi, pengaturan pakan, pemasteran, penjemuran, penggantangan, pengerodongan, dan pengumbaran. Sistem penilaian kontes menggunakan bendera sebagai tanda poin penilaian. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penilaian meliputi, irama dan variasi lagu, durasi kerja, volume suara, serta gaya dan fisik burung. Estimasi nilai ekonomi murai batu berdasarkan WTP didapatkan rata-rata sebesar Rp34.224.138 untuk satu ekor murai batu kualitas kontes. Variabel tingkat pendapatan mempengaruhi nilai WTP sebesar 99%. Semakin tinggi tingkatan juara yang diraih, semakin tinggi pula nilai ekonomi murai batu tersebut., White-rumped shama is a type of songbird with a good voice and has a high economic value. This study aims to identify contest quality white-rumped shama breeding techniques, identify contest scoring systems, and estimate the economic value of white-rumped shama based on WTP and analyze the factors that influence the WTP value. Data were collected through field observations and interviews. The results showed that the breeding techniques of contest quality white-rumped shama include, setting feed, voice training, drying, hanging, envelop, and physical training. The contest scoring system uses a flag as a mark of scoring points. The variables used in the assessment include the rhythm and variety of the song, the duration of work, the volume of the voice, and the style and physique of the bird. The estimated economic value of white-rumped shama based on WTP is IDR 34,224,138 for one contest quality white-rumped shama. The income level variable affects the WTP’s value by 99%. The higher the level of champion achieved, the higher the economic value of the white-rumped shama.
Keyword: White Rumped Shama, Bird Contest, Breeding Techniques, Economic Value

Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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