Judul: Profil Fenotifik Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Berasal dari Daging Sapi
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to observe the fenotipic profile of twenty-eight lactid acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from fresh meat. Those characteristic is determined by growing the lactid acid bacteria tested on MRS media i) at different temperature conditions; that contained ii) 6.5% concentration of NaCl or iii) amoxilin and chloramphenicol antibiotic and incubated at 37oC for 24-48 hours. The data were analyzed using ANOVA with GLM procedure, which is provided by MINITAB. Dissimilarity of 28 LAB isolate and treatment as an interaction became the first major concern of this study. The result showed that depends on its growth temperature the LAB could be grouping as mesofilic bacteria (27 isolates LAB) and one of them categorized as thermofilic bacteria. Supplementation of 6,5% NaCl in MRS media was not influenced the growth of LAB, and all of the 28 isolates showed a normal growth in this media after incubated at 37 °C for 48 hours. Addition of antibiotic in the media influenced significantly the growth of LAB tested. Base on its capability to grow well at different temperatures and in MRS media contained NaCl 6,5%, also, especially base on its high tolerancy to growth at gastrointestinal tract condition(Wijayanto, unpublished), three isolates there were 1B1, 2B4 and 1A5, were selected and tested in MRS broth contained different antibiotics. The result found that isolat LAB 1A5 was the most sensitive to chloramphenicol. The growth of LAB 1B1 and 2B4 in MRS broth contained amoxicillin were better than others showed by the population reduction that not more than 2 log. Keywords : Lactic acid bacteria, growth, temperature, NaCl 6.5%, antibiotic
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Judul: Analisis in vitro toleransi isolat bakteri asam laktat asal daging sapi terhadap pH lambung, pH usus dan garam empedu sebagai kandidat probiotik
Abstrak: Lactic acid bacteria have been reported to be useful as a health adjunct and are commonly added to food as delivery mechanism. As candidate for probiotic, lactic acid bacteria should have the ability to survive in the digestion process such as resistance towards gastrointestinal tract pH and bile salt concentrations. Lactic acid bacteria utilised in this research were isolated from meat. Twenty eight isolates of lactic acid bacteria selected for their resistancy towards gastric juice pH (pH 2,0) and small intestines pH (pH 7,2) with 0,3% bile salt under in vitro conditions. The result showed that all strains well grown in small intestines pH (pH 7,2), but only 10 isolates had good resistance to gastric juice pH. There were significant difference among theme (P<0,05). Bile salt 0,3% with pH 7,2 influenced significantly the growth of lactic acid bacteria selected at gastric juice condition showed that only three strains (1A5, 2B4, and 1B1) showed tolerance (P<0,05) could be used as probiotics candidate in further applications.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf