Judul: Analisis Daya Saing dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Ekspor Teh Hitam Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan Ekspor
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of black tea exporting countries in the world. The purposes of this research is to analyze the competitiveness and factors affecting demand for Indonesian exports of black tea in export destination countries. The analytical methods used in this study are Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD) and gravity model analysis. The export destination countries of Indonesian black tea are Russian Federation, Pakistan, Malaysia, United Kingdom, United States, Germany, Poland, United Arab Emirates, Ukraine and Netherlands in the periods of 2007-2013. RCA analysis shows that black tea Indonesia has a high competitiveness in the export destination countries. EPD analysis reveals that Indonesian black tea export to Pakistan, Poland, Russian Federation and Ukraine is under the Rising Star, and United Arab Emirates and the United Kingdom is under the Falling Star, while Germany, Malaysia, Netherlands and the United States is under the Lost Opportunity. The results of the analysis of gravity models show that real GDP export destination countries, GDP per capita of Indonesia, the real exchange rate of export destinations, the price of black tea exports and economic distance are variables significantly influencing demand for black tea export.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, RCA., gravity model, EPD, competitiveness, black tea

Judul: Analysis of Performance and Competitiveness of Indonesian Black Tea in Export Destination Countries (Case Study Malaysia)
Abstrak: Teh merupakan komoditas perkebunan unggulan yang berorientasi ekspor dan berkontribusi besar terhadap produk domestik bruto (PDB). Pada tahun 2018, Indonesia menempati peringkat pertama eksportir dengan volume ekspor teh hitam terbesar di Malaysia, namun nilai dan harga ekspor Indonesia termasuk rendah. Negara pesaing utama Indonesia yaitu China, India, Kenya, dan Vietnam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja perdagangan dan daya saing teh hitam Indonesia di Malaysia dengan menggunakan pendekatan keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif. Metode yang digunakan adalah TBI, RCA, dan teori berlian Porter. Komoditas yang dianalisis yaitu teh hitam dengan kode HS 090240. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia berperan sebagai negara eksportir di pasar teh hitam Malaysia. Indeks RCA Indonesia berada di peringkat dua setelah Kenya, memperlihatkan bahwa Indonesia berdaya saing komparatif di antara pesaing utama. Daya saing kompetitif Indoensia cukup kuat, namun terdapat dua komponen yang masih harus ditingkatkan yaitu kondisi permintaan domestik dan kondisi strategi, struktur, dan persaingan pasar., Tea is a leading plantation commodity that is export-oriented and contributes greatly to gross domestic product (GDP). In 2018, Indonesia was ranked as the first exporter with the largest black tea export volume in Malaysia, but the value and price of Indonesia's exports are low. Indonesia's main competitors are China, India, Kenya, and Vietnam. This study aims to analyze the trade performance and competitiveness of Indonesian black tea in Malaysia using a comparative advantage and competitive advantage approach. The methods used are TBI, RCA, and Porter's diamond theory. The commodity is black tea with HS code 090240. The results show that Indonesia has a role as an exporter country in the Malaysian black tea market. Indonesia's RCA Index is ranked second after Kenya, showing that Indonesia is comparatively competitive among its main competitors. The competitiveness of Indonesia is quite strong, but there are two components that still need to be improved. First is the condition of domestic demand and the second one is the conditions of strategy, structure, and market competition.
Keyword: comparative, competitive, Porter diamond, RCA, TBI

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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