Judul: Alih Fungsi Lahan Dan Tingkat Kohesi Sosial Masyarakat Pedesaan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perubahan alih fungsi lahan dan hubungannya dengan tingkat kohesi sosial masyarakat pedesaan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa alih fungsi lahan yang terjadi di Mulyaharja mempengaruhi terhadap perubahan mata pencaharian dari sektor pertanian ke non pertanian dan perubahan pendapatan yang lebih rendah. Interaksi sosial yang mencakup intensitas dan bentuk interaksi memiliki hubungan yang lemah dengan kohesi sosial komunitas yang tergolong tinggi karena hubungan kekeluargaan yang sudah kuat. Tingkat kohesi sosial memiliki hubungan yang positif dalam kategori tinggi terhadap tingkat keterlibatan masyarakat dalam aksi kolektif.
Keyword: Alih fungsi lahan, aksi kolektif, interaksi sosial, kohesi sosial

Judul: Perhutanan Sosial dan Langgengnya Ketimpangan Penguasaan Lahan Hutan
Abstrak: Hutan merupakan kesatuan ekosistem yang vital perannya bagi masyarakat sekitar hutan. Dalam upaya mengurangi ketimpangan penguasaan, pemerintah melegalisasi penguasaan yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat di wilayah kerja Perhutani dengan Perhutanan Sosial skema IPHPS. Peraturan tersebut merubah sistem tenurial yang telah ada dan menciptakan kapital-kapital dalam lapisan sosial pada masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan sistem tenurial pasca Perhutanan Sosial IPHPS dengan stratifikasi sosial baru dalam masyarakat serta implementasi Perhutanan Sosial dengan skema IPHPS mengubah sistem tenurial yang mengarah pada pemerataan dan keadilan agraria. Lokasi penelitian ini yaitu Dusun Patrol, Desa Dano, Kecamatan Leles, Kabupaten Garut. Metode yang digunakan ialah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan kuesioner dan didukung data kualitatif dengan teknik wawancara mendalam. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik accidental sampling dan snowball. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman dan uji Paired T-test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang lemah diantara sistem tenurial pasca Perhutanan Sosial dengan stratifikasi sosial yaitu dengan P-value dari korelasi 0,048 dan nilai koefiesien Rank Spearman sebesar 0.261. Adapun perubahan sistem tenurial pasca Perhutanan Sosial meliputi penguasan lahan yang lebih luas oleh elit petani, durasi penguasaan yang diperpanjang, penguasaan moda produksi lebih dimiliki oleh elit, dan menurunnya intensitas relasi dengan Perhutani.
Keyword: penguasaan lahan, perhutanan sosial, stratifikasi sosial masyarakat

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable