Judul: The Effect of Paclobutazol Consentration and NPK Fertilizer Dose on The Growth and Yield of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.)
Abstrak: Permintaan masyarakat terhadap mentimun semakin meningkat. Salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan produktivitas mentimun yaitu dengan menambahkan zat pengatur tumbuh berupa paclobutrazol dan pupuk NPK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi paclobutrazol dan dosis pupuk NPK terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman mentimun, serta interaksi antara kedua perlakuan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kecamatan Wanareja, Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah pada Januari-April 2023. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan faktorial RKLT dua faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Konsentrasi paclobutrazol sebanyak 5 taraf, 0 mL L-1 air, 0,325 mL L -1 air, 0,375 mL L-1 air, 0,425 mL L-1 air, dan 0,475 mL L-1 air. Dosis pupuk NPK 16:16:16 sebanyak 4 taraf, 0 kg ha -1, 250 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1, dan 350 kg ha-1. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat interaksi antara kedua perlakuan. Pemberian paclobutrazol dapat menekan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah helai daun, bobot buah per tanaman, dan bobot buah per petak, serta meningkatkankan jumlah bunga betina. Pemberian pupuk NPK dapat meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah helai daun, jumlah bunga betina, jumlah dan bobot buah per tanaman, serta jumlah dan bobot buah per petak., People's demand for cucumbers is increasing. The efforts to increase cucumber productivity is by adding growth regulators in the form of paclobutrazol and NPK fertilizer. This study aims to study the effect of paclobutrazol concentration and NPK fertilizer dose on the growth and yield of cucumber, as well as the interaction between the two treatments. The research was conducted in Wanareja, Cilacap, Central Java in January-April 2023. The experiment used a two-factor and 3-repeat RKLT factorial design. The concentration of paclobutrazol was 5 levels, 0 mL L-1 water, 0.325 mL L-1 water, 0.375 mL L-1water, 0.425 mL L-1 water , and 0.475 mL L-1 water. The dose of NPK fertilizer 16:16:16 is 4 levels, 0 kg ha -1, 250 kg ha-1, 300 kg ha-1, and 350 kg ha-1. The observations showed that there was no interaction between the two treatments. Applying paclobutrazol can suppress plant height, stem diameter, number of leaf blades, fruit weight per plant, and fruit weight per plot, as well as increase the number of female flowers. Application of NPK fertilizer can increase plant height, stem diameter, number of leaf blades, number of female flowers, number and weight of fruits per plant, and number and weight of fruits per plot.
Keyword: bunga betina, bobot buah, cucurbitaceae, tinggi tanaman

Judul: The Effect of Concentration and Application Time of Paclobutrazol on Growth and Yield  Rice Paddy Varieties of Inpari 42
Abstrak: Paclobutrazol merupakan zat pengatur tumbuh yang dapat menekan pertumbuhan, meningkatkan aktivitas fotosintesis dan hasil panen, namun aplikasi berlebihan dapat merusak tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh paclobutrazol pada konsentrasi, waktu aplikasi, dan interaksi keduanya terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil padi sawah varietas Inpari 42. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Kutosari Kecamatan Karanganyar Kabupaten Pekalongan, sejak bulan November 2020 sampai Mei 2021. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) dua faktor sebanyak tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah konsentrasi yaitu: 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, dan 600 ppm. Faktor kedua adalah waktu aplikasi yaitu: 1 minggu setelah berbunga (70 HST), dan 2 minggu setelah berbunga (80 HST). Paclobutrazol diaplikasikan satu kali melalui penyemprotan ke daun dengan dosis 1 liter/petak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan paclobutrazol perlakuan konsentrasi 200 ppm meningkatkan persen daun tetap hijau, namun konsentrasi 600 ppm menurunkan bobot 1000 butir dan hasil gabah per hektar. Perlakuan waktu aplikasi 80 HST meningkatkan kehijauan daun. Aplikasi 600 ppm paclobutrazol pada 70 HST meningkatkan panjang malai dan jumlah gabah per malai., Paclobutrazol is a growth regulator that can inhibit growth, increase photosynthetic activity and crop yields, but the excessive application will damage plants. This research aims to study the effect of concentration and application time of paclobutrazol on the growth and yield of rice paddy of the Inpari 42 variety. The research was conducted at Kutosari Village, Karanganyar District, Pekalongan Regency, from November 2020 until May 2021. The research used the two-factor randomized complete group design (RKLT) with three replications. The first factor was the concentration, i.e.: 0 ppm, 200 ppm, 400 ppm, and 600 ppm. The second factor was applications time, i.e.: 1 week after flowering (70 DAP), and 2 weeks after flowering (80 DAP). Paclobutrazol was applied once by spraying onto the leaves at a dose of 1 liter/plot. The results showed that the paclobutrazol concentration of 200 ppm increased the percentage of stay green leaves, but the concentration of 600 ppm decreased 1000 grain weight and yield per hectare. Application time of 80 DAP increased the greenness of leaves. Application 600 ppm paclobutrazol at 70 DAP resulted in the increase panicle length and number of grains per panicle.
Keyword: inpari 42, konsentrasi, paclobutrazol, waktu aplikasi, application time, concentration

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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