Judul: Karakteristik Morfologi Organ Reproduksi Jantan Trenggiling (Manis javanica).
Abstrak: Pangolin is solitary animal with slow reproductive rate. Due to increasing exploitation of pangolin as market demand, especially from China, there was poaching in nature that caused the population in wild decreases dramatically. Reproductive organ is one of the important things in the conservation of species, especially for species that is already endangered such as pangolin (M. javanica). It required an effort of conservation, so the pangolin populations can be maintained and developed further. Recently, information of the morphological characteristics of male reproductive organs of pangolin, both macroanatomy and mikroanatomy, is still limited. Therefore, the study aims to find out the morphological characteristics of the male reproductive organs of pangolin (M. javanica) at macroscopic and microscopic level which were needs to provide basic information to support breeding activity. Five male reproductive organs of pangolin were used in the study. For macroscopic observation, data were collected for in situ position and morphometry, which includes measurements of length, width, and thickness of each part of the reproductive organs and added measurements of weight of testes. For microscopic observation, samples of each part of the reproductive organs was processed by histological techniques with paraffin method. Block paraffin were cut 3-5 μm and stained with hematoxylin eosin staining (HE), Masson's trichrome (MT), and Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) for observation of general structure, connective tissue, and distribution of neutral and acidic carbohydrates at each accessories gland respectively. The data were analyses descriptively and was performed as tables and pictures. The reproductive organs of the pangolin consisted of a pair of testes, epididymis and deferent duct which leads to the urethra in the penis. A pair of ascrotal testes was located in subcutis of inguinal area. The shape and size of right and left testes was relatively similar. The average size of the testes was 3.78±0.12 cm in length, 1.24±0.02 cm in width, 0.90±0.03 cm in thick and 5.64±0.04 g in weight. Epididymis formed head, body and tail which running oblique craniomedial at the body testis with average of length was 4.78±0.02 cm. The deferent duct measured of average length was 8.98±0.31 cm. The average size of length and diameter of penis was 5.39±1.63 cm and 0.64±0.03 cm respectively. The finding of ascrotal testes in subcutis of inguinal was an interesting result of the study which thought to be related to the behavior of pangolin to rolling up the body. The testes were composed of seminiferous tubules separated by interstitial tissue. Seminiferous tubules composed of basal membrane, germinal cells (spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid) and Sertoli cells. Epididymis was composed of ciliated simple columnar epithelium surrounded by loose connective tissue. The deferent duct epithelium was composed of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium surrounded by loose connective tissue and smooth muscle layers. The size of penis was small, short, have not bulbus glandis, and was muscolocavernosus type. The accessories gland of male reproduction organs of pangolin was consists of vesicular gland and prostate that were observed macroscopically and bulbourethral glands which were observed microscopically. The average of length and thickness of vesicular gland, was 1.07
Keyword: pangolin (M. javanica), the male reproductive organs

Judul: Morfologi Organ Reproduksi Musang Luak Jantan (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus)
Abstrak: This research was aimed to study the morphological anatomy of the reproductive organs of male Asian Palm Civet (Paradoxurus hermaphroditus). This research studied the reproductive organs of two male Asian Palm Civets at a macroscopic and microscopic level. Macroscopic observation was done directly to study the morphometry which included the length, diameter and weight of the male reproductive organ. Microscopic observation was done using histochemical method with Hematoxillin-Eosin and Masson’s Trichrome staining. The acquired data were analyzed descriptively. Result of this research showed that the length, diameter and weight of testis without scrotum were 2.14 cm, 1.55 cm and 2.85 g respectively. The epididymis consist of caput, corpus and cauda epididymis. The prostate gland observed macroscopically had a length, height and weight of 3.14 cm, 1.82 cm, and 4.21 g respectively. The penis was a musculo-cavernosus type with a penis spine in the glans penis and was 7.77 cm in length. Prostate gland, which was histologically observed around the urethra pelvina, had a mucous type. Generally, the anatomy of the male Asian Palm Civet reproductive organ was similar to that of other carnivores such as cat and dog.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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