Judul: Analisis Pengaruh Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN Terhadap Aliran FDI ASEAN 7
Abstrak: FDI (Foreign Direct Investment) merupakan salah satu faktor pertumbuhan negara, termasuk di kawasan ASEAN. Studi ini menganalisis pengaruh FDI ASEAN 7 dan faktor-faktor lain seperti pertumbuhan ekonomi, suku bunga riil, keterbukaan perdagangan, pertumbuhan populasi, stabilitas politik, dan dummy MEA. ASEAN 7 terdiri dari Indonesia, Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, Brunei Darussalam, Singapura, dan Filipina. Sumber data dari Bank Dunia, UNCTAD, dan Database Statistik ASEAN. Metode yang digunakan adalah data panel, selain itu penelitian ini juga mengestimasi model dengan pendekatan spasial. Hasil tes Moran I tidak menunjukkan adanya efek spasial, sehingga Random Effect Model (REM) dipilih sebagai model terbaik. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi, pertumbuhan populasi REM berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ASEAN 7 FDI. Pertumbuhan ekonomi, stabilitas politik, dan keterbukaan perdagangan memiliki pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan. Dummy MEA berdampak positif terhadap ASEAN 7 FDI, namun tidak signifikan. Tingkat bunga riil juga tidak signifikan dan berpengaruh negatif
Keyword: Dummy MEA, Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Random Effect Model (REM), spasial panel

Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang memengaruhi Foreign Direct Investment di ASEAN
Abstrak: Negara sedang berkembang sangat membutuhkan dana yang besar untuk melakukan pembangunan ekonomi. Pelaksanaan pembangunan di sebagian besar negara berkembang terhambat oleh keterbatasan modal. Masalah keterbatasan modal dapat diatasi dengan memperoleh tambahan dari luar negeri berupa pinjaman maupun Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). Indikator yang memengaruhi tercapainya kestabilan ekonomi makro antara lain tingkat inflasi yang rendah dan nilai tukar yang stabil, hal ini akan memacu peningkatan investasi, kosumsi dan perdagangan internasional yang pada akhirnya akan berdampak bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi. Penelitian tentang faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi FDI di enam negara ASEAN pada tahun 2004-2011 dengan menggunakan metode panel data. Variabel dependen dalam penelitian ini adalah FDI sedangkan variabel independen adalah GDP riil, volatilitas nilai tukar riil, suku bunga riil dan inflasi. GDP riil berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap FDI. Suku bunga riil dan inflasi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap FDI. Volatilitas nilai tukar riil tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap FDI.
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Judul: Xylooligosaccharide production of corncobs as prebiotic candidate by high temperature heating and enzymatic hydrolysis.
Abstrak: Corncob waste is a rich xylan source that can be utilized as raw material for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. XOS is a potential prebiotic and has high economic value. Two corn varieties i.e. Bisi and Pioneer were first analyzed for its hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents and xylan yield to choose the corn variety to be studied. Process technology for XOS production was studied using available equipment such as oven. Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) from corncob was produced in two stages i.e. xylan extraction by heating at high temperatures in oven or autoclave as comparison, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Analysis of two corncob varieties showed that Pioneer variety contained higher hemicellulose content (34.98%) and xylan yield (18.32%) than Bisi variety (12.28% and 10.22%, respectively), therefore Pioneer variety was chosen as raw material for XOS production. Corncob particles were soaked in dilute acid (1 g/l H2SO4) for 12 h at 60 oC, filtered and washed with tap water and then heated in oven or autoclave. Before oven heating, The corncobs were added with water at various ratios (1:1 – 1:5) and then heated in oven at various temperature (130 oC, 140 oC, 150 oC for 0.5 h) and autoclave at 121oC for 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h with one and two heating cycles. During heating, the total sugar and reducing sugar were increase, while the degree of polymerization was decrease. The results showed that heating in oven to extract the xylan was affected by the ratios of corncobs and aquadest and heating temperatures. Oven heating (130-150 oC) with optimum ratio of corncobs and aquadest (1:3) successfully increased the xylan content from 3.98% up to 18.21 – 19.46% while repeated heating cycle (two cycles) did not affect the xylan content. Heating the corncobs with aquadest (at the ratio of 1:3) in oven at 130 oC for 0.5 h produced 18.98% xylan and enzymatic conversion of the xylan by xylanase significantly increased the XOS content from 19.60% up to 44.06%. Heating the corncobs in autoclave (121 oC, 0.5 h) followed by enzymatic conversion produced higher XOS content (65.67%). The corncob XOS could stimulate the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum kik and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 by 1.2 until 1.7 unit log, indicating the prebiotic properties. Cookies prebiotic produced by addition of 5% (based on wheat flour) had higher hardness texture (1256 gf) than control without XOS (1067 gf).
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