Judul: Farmer’s participation to increase the capacity of famers’ institution (case on Farmers’ Group at Province of Central Java)
Abstrak: The capacity of farmers’ group institutions are needed to promote agricultural development, in globalization economic era. Economic indicators, agricultural infrastructures, and government policy often cause small farmer to economically and socially marginalized. Farmers with small size land ownership, marginal rate of return in agriculture sector, agriculture policy which nonalignment to farmer make more difficult to increase their income. On the other side, farmers’ group institutions which are expected be able to strengthen the farmer position face the problems of mismanagement or less effective in improve famers’ livelihood condition. The objectives of the research are to: (1) Identify the degree of member participation in farmers’ group institution, and level of the capacity of farmer group’s institute in managing agriculture resources collectively; (2) Identify and explain various factors affect member participation in farmers’ group institution; (3) Identify and explain various factors affect the capacity of farmes’ group institution; and (4) Formulate an appropriate strategy in capacity building of farmers’ group institution. The data were collected at three district of Center Java Province, namely: Klaten, Grobogan, and Karanganyar. Data obtained through interview by 405 respondents whose members of farmers’ group institutions, 48 local leaders, and informans others. The results show that capacity of farmers’ group institution is still at medium category. Capacity of farmers’ group institution was directly influenced by level of members’ participation in farmer groups’ institution, capacities level of farmer, and dynamic level of learning group. Social economical status (formal education, non-formal education, farmers’ experience in work, famers’ income, famers’ needs, social participation, and learning experience), local leadership, intensity of outsiders’ role, the support of extension were indirectly influenced to the capacity of farmers’ group institution through dynamic of learning group, participation in farmers’ group institution, and farmers’ capacities.
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Judul: Forest areas through group approach (case study of forest management involving local people in the forest production areas of state forestry corporation (perum perhutani) unit I in the Province of Central Java)
Abstrak: Forest villagers’ empowerment in a social forestry approach, especially collaborative forest management, is very crucial issue. The objectives of this study are: (1) to explore group dynamic of forest farmers’ group and to identify several factors influence the group dynamic; (2) to explore the level of empowerment of farmers around state forest area and to identify several factors influence the level of empowerment; (3) to explore the level of participation of farmers around state forest area and to find out the relationship of participation with the level of empowerment; and (4) to formulate a model and strategies to empower the farmers around state forest areas through group approach. The study had been carried out in three forest districts of East Pekalongan, South Kedu and Gundih in 2008. Survey using questionnaire with multistage cluster sampling was employed to collect main data from 408 farmers as respondents. The research data were processed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) of LISREL 8.73. The conclusions of the study are: (1) Level of group dynamic of forest farmers’ group is low. Factors influence significantly on the low of group dynamic are the low effectiveness of forest farmers’ group leadership, unfavorable environmental supports and low role of facilitators; (2) Level of empowerment of farmers is low. Factors influence directly and significantly on the low level of empowerment are unfavorable environmental supports, low level of group dynamic, low individual farmers’ potency, and ineffective process of empowerment. Whereas the ineffectiveness of forest farmers’ group leadership has indirect effect on the low level of empowerment; (3) Level of farmers’ participation is low. The low level of farmers’ participation is influenced directly by the low level of their empowerment; (4) Strategies to empower forest farmers are to strengthen six aspects such as environmental supports, forest farmers’ leadership, group dynamic, roles of facilitators, forest farmers’ potency and effectiveness of the process of empowerment.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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