Judul: Salmonella spp. Contamination on Chicken Carcasses and Risk Profile in the Distribution Chain in Jakarta
Abstrak: Provinsi Jakarta adalah salah satu provinsi di Indonesia dengan tingkat konsumsi protein tinggi, terutama dari karkas ayam. Salmonella spp. adalah bakteri patogen yang sering ditemukan pada karkas ayam dan dapat menyebabkan penyakit terbawa makanan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan prevalensi Salmonella spp. pada karkas ayam dan titik kendali kritis berdasarkan profil risiko dalam rantai distribusi di Provinsi Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data surveilans dari lembaga pemerintah, analisis kuantitatif Salmonella spp. terduga, survei implementasi good practices, pemeringkatan risiko, dan analisis sensitivitas. Prevalensi tingkat kontaminasi ditentukan dengan metode hitung cawan menggunakan media selektif XLT4 agar. Profil risiko dilakukan dengan pemeringkatan risiko dan analisis sensitivitas. Simulasi Monte Carlo sebanyak 100.000 iterasi diterapkan dengan menggunakan Oracle Crystal Ball®. Prevalensi tertinggi kontaminasi Salmonella spp. di Jakarta selama 2019-2023 ditemukan pada karkas ayam yang didistribusikan melalui pasar tradisional, dengan nilai prevalensi 41,86% dan konsentrasi Salmonella terduga 1,09±0,12 log CFU/g. Diikuti oleh karkas ayam yang didistribusikan dari TPHU (Tempat Pemotongan Hewan Unggas), prevalensi nilainya 17,65% dengan konsentrasi Salmonella terduga 1,92 ± 1,11 log CFU/g. Prevalensi kontaminasi Salmonella spp. untuk produk karkas ayam yang didistribusikan melalui pasar ritel modern adalah 0%. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan aspek paling penting adalah suhu kendaraan transportasi yang berkontribusi sebesar 12,3% terhadap risiko kontaminan untuk TPHU dan metode pembersihan peralatan yang berkontribusi 38% terhadap risiko kontaminan untuk pasar tradisional. Profil risiko menunjukkan bahwa aspek yang memiliki kontribusi tinggi terhadap tingkat risiko kontaminan dan bisa menjadi titik paling kritis yang perlu dikendalikan., Jakarta is one of province in Indonesia with high level of protein consumption especially for chicken carcasses. Salmonella spp. is pathogenic bacteria which frequently found in chicken carcasses and could cause food borne disease. The aim of this study were to determined Salmonella spp. prevalence in chicken carcasses and critical control point based on risk profile in Jakarta distribution chain. The study was conduct by compiled surveillance data from government institution, quantitative analysis of Salmonella spp. presumtive, good practice implementation survey, constructed risk ranking and analysis sensitivity. Prevalence of contaminant level determined by plate count method with selective media XLT4 agar. Risk profile was involved risk-ranking and sensitivity analysis. Monte Carlo simulation of 100,000 iterations was applied by using Oracle Crystal Ball®. The highest prevalence of Salmonella spp. contamination in Jakarta during 2019-2023 found in chicken carcasses that distributed through traditional markets, prevalence value was 41.86% with concentrations presumptive Salmonella spp is 1.09 ± 0.12 log CFU/g. Followed by chicken carcasses distributed from traditional TPHU, prevalence value was 17.65% concentration of 1.92± 1.11 log CFU/g. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. contamination for chicken carcass products that were distributed through modern retail markets is 0%. Sensitivity analysis indicated the most important aspect were temperature of transportation vehicle that contribute 12.3% to risk contaminant for TPHU and equipment cleaning method that contribute 38% to risk contaminant for traditional market. Highest rank correlation shown that those aspects had high contribution to risk level of contaminant and could be the most critical point to be controlled.
Keyword: Chicken Carcass, Salmonella spp., Critical point, Risk profile, Sensitivity analysis

Judul: Incidence Salmonella spp.in chicken meat sold at the markets in West Jakarta
Abstrak: This research was aimed to know the existence of Salmonella spp. in chicken meat, handling implementation of chicken meat and water utilized in supermarkets and traditional markets of West Jakarta .. A sum of 300 samples consist of 200 samples of 20 supermarkets (80 samples of chicken meat, 100 samples of swab and 20 samples of water) while 100 samples from 10 traditional markets (40 samples chicken meat, 40 samples swab and 20 samples of water) were tested on the existence of Salmonella spp. SNI 19-2897-1992, method of identification. The testing product indicated that 19 (23,75%) samples from 80 chicken meat samples taken from supermarkets were contaminatied by Salmonella spp,.while in traditional market were negative from Salmonella spp .. Observation against sanitation and hygiene factors of supermarket was done with interviews and filling questionairies. Datas from this observation were analyzed by testing of chi-square to know the association of the factors sanitation and hygiene and contamination of Salmonella spp. of chicken meat. The test result showed that there were significant association between sanitation and hygiene factors with the presence of Salmonella spp. in chicken meat at supermarkets.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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