Judul: Karakterisasi Tepung Sukun (Artocarpus Altilis) Hasil Pengering Drum Dan Aplikasinya Untuk Substitusi Tepung Terigu Pada Pembuatan Biskuit
Abstrak: Sukun (Artoewpus allitis) atau breadji-ui/ termasuk dalal11 genus Artocarpus, famili Moraceae, ordo Urticales dan subklas Dicotyledone. Buah sukun berbentuk hal11pir bulat atau bulat panjang. Buah yang matang diameternya dapat mencapai 15.24 - 25.40 em dan beratnya ± 4.5 kg. Kulit buah yang masih muda berwarna hijau dan daging buahnya berwarna putih. Setelah l11asak, warna kulitnya hijau agak kuning dan daging buahnya berwarna putih kekuningan. Buah sukun adalah salah satu bahan pangan berkarbohirat cukup tinggi. Menurut Sunarto (1987), sukun yang masak memiliki kadar karbohidrat 28.2 %. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk l11el11peroleh cara pel11buatan buah sukun l11enjadi tepung sukun, l11el11peroleh prototipe dan data karakteristik fungsional bahan baku dalal11 bentuk tepung yang siap untuk diforl11ulasikan menjadi produk biskuit, memperoleh produk biskuit hasil substitusi tepung sukun dan terigu.
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Judul: Karakterisasi tepung sukun (Artocarpus altilis) pramasak hasil pengeringan kabinet dan aplikasinya untuk subtitusi tepung terigu pada pembuatan kukis
Abstrak: Buah sukun atau breadfruit yang diperoleh dari tanaman sukun (Artocarpus altilis) merupakan salah satu sumber daya pangan lokal di mana peningkatan nilai gunanya dapat mendukung penganekaragaman pangan. Ada tiga jenis sukun yang dikenal di Indonesia yaitu sukun gundul, sukun kecil, dan sukun medium. Buah sukun ini banyak dijumpai antara bulan Desember, April, juga sekitar bulan Juli. Buah sukun banyak dikonsumsi dalam bentuk olahan sederhana seperti direbus, digoreng, dikukus, ataupun dibuat keripik. Pemanfaatan buah sukun yang masih terbatas ini dikarenakan kurangnya informasi mengenai komoditi sukun serta cara dan peralatan pengolahan pasca panen. Pada penelitian ini dipelajari pengolahan buah sukun menjadi bahan baku berbentuk tepung yang dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut menjadi aneka makanan lain yang lebih menarik. Pengolahan menjadi tepung meningkatkan daya simpan dan mempermudah pengolahan berikutnya. Buah sukun yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu sukun gundul yang berasal dari Cilacap. Tahap-tahap penepungan yaitu pengupasan dan pembuangan hati, pemotongan, perendaman dalam larutan natrium metabisulfit 0.3%, blansir uap (80°C, 7'), pengirisan dengan slicer, pengukusan (100°C, 15'), pengeringan dengan pengering kabinet (60-65°C, 7-8 jam), penggilingan (disc mill), dan pengayakan (60 mesh). Untuk mengetahui karakteristik tepung dilakukan analisis. Analisis fisik meliputi derajat putih, densitas kamba, dan sudut repos. Analisis kimia meliputi kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, kadar karbohidrat, kadar pati, dan kadar amilosa. Sedangkan analisis karakteristik fungsional meliputi pembentukan gel, amilograf, farinograf, dan ekstensograf. Pada penelitian lanjutan, tepung sukun diaplikasikan untuk mensubstitusi tepung terigu pada pembuatan kukis dengan persen substitusi 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, dan 80. Formula kukis yaitu 100 g tepung, 50 g gula halus, 80 g margarin, 15 g kuning telur, 7 g skim, 0.2 g soda kue, dan 0.1 g garam. Tahap pembuatan kukis adalah pembentukan krim (margarin, gula, telur, dan garam), penambahan tepung, pengadukan, pencetakan, dan pemanggangan (325°F, 5'; 300°F, 15'). Untuk mengetahui penerimaan kukis dilakukan uji organoleptik yaitu uji hedonik dan ranking hedonik terhadap warna, aroma, rasa, dan kerenyahan kukis. Nilai derajat putih tepung sukun yang dihasilkan yaitu 64.88%, lebih rendah dibandingkan tepung terigu dan tapioka. Densitas kamba dan sudut repos tepung sukun sebesar 0.53 g/ml dan 40.4 derajat. Hasil analisis komposisi kimia tepung sukun yaitu 6.04% air, 3.62% abu, 4.50% protein, 3.40% lemak, 13.47% pati, 1.40% amilosa, dan 82.44% karbohidrat.
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Judul: Re-Design of mahakam irrawaddy dolphin (Orcaella Brevirostris Gray, 1866) conservation based on distributional changes in Mahakam River, East Kalimantan
Abstrak: The intensive bio-ecological research on the Mahakam dolphins (Orcaella brevirostris Gray,1866) from 1997 to 2004 revealed that there were two core habitats/core areas with high dolphin densities in the Mahakam River i.e. the MuaraPahu-Penyinggahan area and Pela-Muara Kaman area. Since 2007, there have been unusual occurrences within the distribution of the Mahakam dolphins. The core habitat of Muara Pahu-Penyinggahan, which was previously known to support a large population of Mahakam dolphins has apparently been left. The changes in distribution were also detected in 2010 when the population monitoring was conducted and no individuals were found in the Muara Pahu-Penyinggahan core habitat . The Mahakam dolphins are now more concentrated in the area of Muara Muntai and in their other core habitat, Pela-Muara Kaman. This research aimed to reveal whether the changes in distribution were persistent and to respond to this phenomenon by improving the conservation design. To predict the persistency of these changes population dynamics, habitat and socio-political environmentv(policies) were studied and formed the research goal.. Thus, the research objectives of this dissertation are as follows: 1) predicting the survival of the Mahakam dolphin population for a period of100 years, 2) analyzing the characteristics of the Mahakam dolphin habitats; 3) evaluating the effectiveness of coordination and consistency of the Mahakam dolphin conservation policies; and 4) perfecting the design of dolphin conservation to accommodate the current situation of the population, the Mahakam dolphin habitat and socio-political environment that support the conservation efforts. The research on the population of Mahakam dolphins in 2012 revealed that the individual number of Mahakam dolphins, the number of births, and the number deaths were as many as 92 individuals, 5 individuals, and6 individuals, respectively. This research also demonstrated that changes in the distribution of dolphins had occurred inMahakam River. The Mahakam dolphins do no longer live in their core habitat of PenyinggahanMuaraPahu. Currently, the dolphin habitat is concentrated in the core habitat of Pela-Muara Kaman. The changes in the distribution indicate that further shrinkage in the habitat of Mahakam dolphins has occurred Mahakam River. As a result of this, an analysis on the survival of the Mahakam dolphin population was conducted. The results of the analysis predict that the life chances of the Mahakam dolphin population in the next one hundred years are less encouraging as the number of individuals will continue to diminish. The only scenario that predicts a stable dolphin population in one hundred years is when the mortality rate of dolphins is reduced to two individuals per year with the conditions that there is no further shrinkage of habitat, which will result in the reduction of its carrying capacity, and the birth rate is maintained at five individuals per year. vii Networks for coordination for dolphin conservation, which includes 16 organizations have not been effective. There has been a lack of coordination in most networks especially related to organizations/actors included in groups (factions) that work in WestKutai Regency. The lack of coordination started from the time when the dolphins moved away from their conservation area and habitat in Muara Pahu. There has been no coordination
Keyword: Mahakam dolphins, probality of survival, probality of survival, strengthening of coordination, redesign of conservation