Judul: Development of Radicle Emergence Test Method as a Rapid Vigour Test for Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Seed Using Digital Image Processing
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji pemunculan radikula sebagai pengujian cepat vigor pada benih padi menggunakan pengolahan citra digital. Pengolahan citra digital dapat memproses gambar dua dimensi pengamatan kecambah benih ke dalam bentuk numerik (panjang) sehingga hasilnya dapat dianalisis dan dikorelasikan dengan parameter pengujian benih baku lainnya. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2020 hingga April 2021 di Laboratorium Teknologi Benih dan Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 varietas padi tipe baru yaitu IPB 3S, IPB 5R, dan IPB 8G. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) satu faktor untuk pengujian di laboratorium maupun di lapangan. Hasil pengujian pemunculan radikula dengan citra digital dapat menduga nilai daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, dan daya tumbuh lapang dari nilai panjang radikula minimal 1 mm pada jam ke-40 dengan persamaan y = 0,8501x + 82,291 (DB), y = 0,5312x + 33,954 (IV), dan y = 0,5607x + 83,164 (DTL) serta nilai panjang radikula minimal 2 mm pada jam ke-40 dengan persamaan y = 0,959x + 82,956 (DB), y = 0,7951x + 33,781 (IV), dan y = 0,7623x + 83,213 (DTL) pada suhu pengecambahan 25±2o C. Pengujian rata-rata panjang radikula dan persentase RE berkorelasi positif sedang hingga kuat dengan beberapa tolok ukur pengujian daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, dan daya tumbuh lapang., This research aims to develop radicle emergence test method as a rapid vigour test for rice seed using digital image processing. Digital image processing can process two-dimensional images of seed germination into numerical form (length) so that the results can be analyzed and correlated with common seed testing parameters. This research was conducted from December 2020 to April 2021 at the Seed Technology Laboratory and Sawah Baru Teaching Farm, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University. This research used 3 new types of rice varieties: IPB 3S, IPB 5R, and IPB 8G. The experimental design used was a Completely Randomized Group Design (CRGD) with single factor for laboratory and field testing. The results showed radicle emergence test using image processing can estimate the value of germination (DB), vigour index (IV), and field growth capacity (DTL) from the value of the radicle length of at least 1 mm at the 40th hour with the equation y = 0.8501x + 82.291 (DB), y = 0.5312x + 33,954 (IV), and y = 0,5607x + 83,164 (DTL) and a minimum radicle length value of 2 mm at the 40th hour with the equation y = 0,959x + 82,956 (DB), y = 0,7951x + 33,781 (IV ), and y = 0.7623x + 83,213 (DTL) at a germination temperature of 25±2o C. The average radicle length and the percentage of RE have a moderate to strong positive correlation with several benchmarks for testing germination, vigor index, and field growth power.
Keyword: gambar dua dimensi, panjang kecambah, pemunculan radikula, periode pengecambahan (jam), vigor benih

Judul: Development of a Radicle Emergence-Based Vigor  Evaluation Method for Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.) Seeds Using Digital Image  Processing
Abstrak: Uji pemunculan radikula adalah metode alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk pengujian vigor benih secara cepat. Pengolahan citra digital merupakan suatu teknologi yang dapat digunakan dalam identifikasi mutu benih menggunakan metode pemunculan radikula yang lebih akurat dan waktu yang efisien. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji cepat vigor benih yang lebih efisien dan akurat dengan metode pemunculan radikula (radicle emergence) menggunakan pengolahan citra digital pada benih kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Kesehatan Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura (AGH), Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, pada bulan Oktober 2023 hingga Januari 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian yang didasarkan pada tolok ukur daya berkecambah (DB), indeks vigor (IV), potensi tumbuh maksimum (PTM), kecepatan tumbuh (KCT), rataan waktu pemunculan radikula (MRET), serta pengujian vigor pada cekaman salinitas 0,35% dan 0,7%. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor dengan empat ulangan dengan suhu perkecambahan 25 ± 2 . Penelitian menggunakan sepuluh varietas benih kacang panjang dan pengamatan uji pemunculan radikula dilakukan mulai jam ke 46 hingga jam ke 58 setelah tanam. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pengolahan citra digital dapat digunakan secara efektif pada uji pemunculan radikula untuk pengujian vigor benih kacang panjang. Uji pemunculan radikula berkorelasi kuat positif dengan tolok ukur daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan tumbuh, serta berkorelasi negatif dengan tolok ukur rataan waktu pemunculan radikula. Periode perkecambahan paling cepat yang dapat digunakan untuk pengujian uji pemunculan radikula adalah 52 jam. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi uji pemunculan radikula sebagai metode yang dapat diandalkan dan efisien untuk pengujian vigor benih kacang panjang, terutama ketika dikombinasikan dengan teknologi pengolahan citra digital., Radicle emergence test is a promising alternative method for rapidly evaluating seed vigor. Digital image processing is a technology that can be used to identify seed quality using the radicle emergence method that is more accurate and time efficient. This study aimed to develop an accurate and efficient radicle emergence method for long bean (Vigna sinensis L.) seed testing. The research was conducted at the Seed Physiology and Health Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (AGH), Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, between October 2023 and January 2024. The study utilized tests that were based on benchmarks such as germination, vigor index (VI), maximum growth potential (MGP), germination speed, mean radicle emergence time (MRET), and vigor testing under 0.35% and 0.7% salinity stress. The study used a one-factor randomized complete group design with four replications with a germination temperature of 25 ± 2?. The study used ten varieties of broad bean seeds and the observation of radicle emergence test was conducted from hour 46 to hour 58 after sowing. This study found that digital image processing can be effectively used in conjunction with the radicle emergence test for seed vigor testing on long-bean seeds. The radicle emergence test showed strong positive correlations with germination, vigor index, and growth rate, and a negative correlation with mean radicle emergence time. The earliest possible germination period for radicle emergence assays was 52 hours. This study demonstrates the potential of the radicle emergence test as a reliable and efficient method for vigor testing of broad bean
Keyword: correlation, germination period, vigor, viability

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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