Judul: Analisis Willingness to Pay Pendaki terhadap Pelestarian Jalur Pendakian Cemoro Kandang di Wana Wisata Puncak Lawu, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Lawu forest tourism is a mountaineering tourism object located in Karanganyar, Central Java which has hiking path named Cemoro Kandang. The negative impact of hiking activities such as littering, cutting of trees/branches, and ignorance of hikers to extinguish the campfire may threaten the preservation of Cemoro Kandang hiking path. The effort of preservation should be made to preserve the environment Cemoro Kandang hiking path. The value of Willingness to Pay (WTP) could be made as recommendation to the managers for the preservation fund. The objective of this research is to assess the perception of the hikers about the environment quality of Cemoro Kandang hiking path, to estimate the value of maximum WTP towards the preservation of Cemoro Kandang hiking path and to identify the factors that influence it. The result of research is respondents strongly agree that hiking path are cause by dirty garbages. Respondents agree that the vegetations around hiking path were damaged, but the respondents disagree that the air and water condition around the hiking path has been polluted. The average value of maximum WTP for the preservation of cemoro Kandang hiking path are Rp 9 354.29 using regression logistic and Rp 9 125 using Turnbull methods. The value of WTP is also the non-use value such as existence value of Lawu Forest Tourism, bequest value of Lawu Forest Tourism, and enjoyment value of hikers. The factors affecting the value of maximum WTP for the preservation of Cemoro Kandang hiking path are the value of the bid, revenue, cost of the visit and the perception of environmental quality.
Keyword: Willingness to Pay, preservation, Lawu Forest Tourism, hiking path

Judul: Analisize Willingness to Pay (WTP) Visitors To Package-Tours in Wana Wisata Curug Nangka (WWCN) Bogor Regency.
Abstrak: Pengembangan pariwisata akan memberikan dampak positif bagi pembangunan ekonomi suatu negara. Pariwisata dapat menciptakan dan meningkatkan kesempatan kerja, meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat, sebagai akibat multiplier effect yang terjadi dari pengeluaran wisatawan, meningkatkan penerimaan pajak pemerintah dan retrbusi daerah, meningkatkan pendapatan nasional atau Gross Domestic Bruto (GDP), mendorong peningkatan investasi dari sektor industri pariwisata dan sektor ekonomi lainya, serta memperkuat neraca pembayaran. Aktivitas pariwisata telah menjadi bagian penting dari kebutuhan dasar manusia. Seiring berjalannya waktu kegiatan pariwisata terus mengalami perkembangan hal tersebut sejalan dengan terjadinya perubahan - perubahan sosial. budaya, ekonomi, tekhnologi dan politik (Weber, 2006). Wana Wisata Curug Nangka (WWCN) merupakan salah satu dari lima wana wisata yang ada di Kabupaten Bogor yang pengelolaanya berada di bawah Perum Perhutani. Daya tarik dari objek wisata ini adalah memiliki tiga air terjun atau curug yang terdiri dari Curug Nangka, Curug Daun, dan Curug Kawung. Keberadaan WWCN yang cukup dekat sekitar 15 KM dari jantung Kota Bogor menjadikan Wana Wisata ini mudah diakses. Dalam pengembangan pengelolaan WWCN, Perum Perhutani berencana akan membuat suatu paket-paket wisata yang dapat dipilih oleh pengunjung. Adapun rencana paket-paket wisata andalan yang akan ditawarkan WWCN adalah paket jogging track plus dan paket konservasi. Adanya paket-paket wisata ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepuasan bagi pengunjung dalam berwisata di WWCN. Kegitaan dalam paket wisata tersebut bertujuan untuk mengajak pengunjung berperan aktif dalam menikmati alam dan ikut serta dalam menjaga kelestarian lingkungannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengestimasi nilai WTP pengunjung untuk menentukan potensi harga maksimum yang masih bisa dibayarkan pengunjung untuk paket wisata yang ditawarkan. 2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesediaan pengunjung membayar serta besarnya nilai WTP pengunjung. Penelitian dilakukan dengan observasi lapangan dan wawancara terhadap pengunjung maupun pihak yang terkait. Pengambilan contoh dilakukan terhadap 80 orang pengunjung yang dipilih secara acak. Data diolah secara kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode analaisis logit, CVM dan regresi linear berganda.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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