Judul: Raw water for drinking water management model based on watershed
Abstrak: Growth of population at Babon watershed area has influenced the demand of raw water significantly and it also causes burden to land use. Population growth consequently will rise the demand for housing, for this reason paddy cultivation and forest area were converted to be a housing area. The effect of housing development will escalate the degree of coefficient run off (CRO). Accordingly, infiltrations of rain fall decreases and it affects the lessening of soil water contain. Besides, population growth and housing development contribute significantly to the decease of water quality surrounding Babon watershed area. Study published by Ministry of Public Work described that in the last 10 years, the damage of watershed is critical and it significantly increase drastically. Data shows that in year of 1995, 20% of watersheds which located in Java island are in critical condition. Extensively in year 2005, the number of critical watershed increase to be 60%. To overcome this situation, conservation of watershed is extremely required, otherwise, in the future population in jawa island will face the lack of raw water. The Raw Water for Drinking Water Management Model Based on Watershed is created in order to overcome the impact of critical watershed condition which influence lack of water quantity and to increase the quality of water. The Model consists of three sub model such as: sub model of raw water supply, sub model of raw water demand and sub model of water quality which has been validated based on structural validation and performance validation. Hence, this model will relevant to apply at other watersheds. By designing a “Raw Water for Drinking water Management Model Based on Watershed”, it is identified that conservation will increase the index of Coeffisient Run off (CRO). If CRO increase, it will influence water infiltration. Hence, supply of raw water as base flow will increase accordingly. The increasing of base flow, will reduce debit of surface water. Along with inceasing of debit, conservation will also increase the index of water quality. hence raw water supplied by watershed will be in category of raw water for drinking water which is called ABAM. If water quality getting better, it will minimize the cost of drinking water production. As a result, the profit of PDAM will increase significantly and it will contribute to fund conservation. In order to ensure that this model can be implemented by stake holders, It also completed by institutional mechanism. By designing institutional mechanism, consequently all stakeholders which are responsible for watershed conservation will work simultaneously.
Keyword: coefficient run off, Watershed, Raw Water, Conservation, CRO

Judul: Raw Water Characteristics and Analysis of Water Sources Management at Household Scale in Babakan Raya Village Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Desa Babakan Raya merupakan lingkungan pemukiman dengan jumlah penduduk yang padat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik sumber daya air di Desa Babakan Raya Kabupaten Bogor dan kualitas air minumnya, mengidentifikasi pola perilaku penggunaan air pada skala rumah tangga, serta pola pengolahan air yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel air, pengujian sampel di lokasi, wawancara dengan warga, pengujian sampel di laboratorium dan analisis data. Kualitas sumber air minum berdasarkan parameter fisika sudah sesuai dengan standar baku mutu, tetapi berdasarkan parameter kimia air sumur memiliki pH di bawah baku mutu yang berlaku. Berdasarkan parameter biologi kualitas air tidak memenuhi standar yang berlaku. Pola perilaku penggunaan air pada masyarakat Desa Babakan Raya relatif sama dan pengolahan sumber daya air belum terlaksana dengan efektif, yang terlihat dari kualitas air yang kurang baik. Pemilihan sumber air yang digunakan tidak dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik responden., Babakan Raya Village is a residential area with a dense population. This study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the characteristics of water resources in Babakan Raya Village, Bogor Regency and the quality of drinking water, identifying patterns of water use behavior on a household scale, and patterns of water treatment carried out. This research was conducted by taking air samples, testing samples on site, interviews with residents, testing samples in the laboratory and analyzing data. The quality of drinking water sources based on physical parameters is in accordance with quality standards, but the chemical parameters of well water have a pH below the applicable quality standards. Based on the biological parameters, the water quality does not meet the applicable standards. The pattern of water use behavior in the Babakan Raya Village community is relatively the same and water resource management has not been implemented effectively, which can be seen from the poor water quality. The selection of water sources used is not influenced by the characteristics of the respondents.
Keyword: Keywords: water quality, water processing, water use, behavior patterns, water quality, water processing, water use, behavior patterns

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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