Judul: Macrozoobenthos Ecological Characteristics as a Water Quality Indicator at Margagiri-Grenyang Coastal Waters, Banten Bay
Abstrak: Makrozoobentos hidup menetap di dasar perairan dengan pergerakan lambat dan daur hidup relatif lama, sehingga mampu merespon perubahan kondisi perairan secara kontinyu. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik ekologi makrozoobentos sebagai indikator kualitas perairan Pantai Margagiri-Grenyang, Teluk Banten. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli hingga November 2022 dengan enam titik stasiun pengamatan. Sampel bentos diambil menggunakan Petersen Grab serta dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air secara insitu dan eksitu. Data dianalisis menggunakan PCA, indeks similaritas, serta AMBI dan M-AMBI. Makrozoobentos di lokasi penelitian tersusun atas enam filum (Moluska, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Hoplonemertea, dan Nemertea). Kepadatan marozoobentos tertinggi terdapat pada bulan Juli (3178 ind/m2 ) dengan keanekaragaman (H’) sedang (2,535-2,758), keseragaman (E) sedang-tinggi (0,742-0,833), serta dominansi (C) rendah (0,157-0,241). Berdasarkan PCA, persebaran makrozoobentos dipengaruhi oleh parameter kekeruhan dan TSS. Analisis AMBI dan M-AMBI menunjukkan 72% makrozoobentos termasuk kelompok yang bersifat sensitif dengan nilai M-AMBI berkisar 0,65-0,98. Hal ini artinya makrozobentos tidak mengalami gangguan ekologi dan status kualitas perairan diindikasikan baik-sangat baik., Macrozoobenthos live sedentary at the bottom of the waters with slow movements and a relatively long life cycle, so they are able to respond continuously to changes in water conditions. The aim of this research is to analyze the ecological characteristics of macrozoobenthos as an indicator of water quality at MargagiriGrenyang Beach, Banten Bay. The research was carried out in July to November 2022 with six observations station points. Benthic samples were taken using Petersen Grab and water quality was measured in situ and ex situ. Datas were analyzed using PCA, similarity index, and AMBI and M-AMBI. The macrozoobenthos at the study site are composed of six phyla (Moluscs, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Hoplonemertea, and Nemertea). The highest density of marozoobenthos was found in July (3178 ind/m2) with moderate (2.535-2.758) diversity (H'), medium-high (0.742-0.833) evenness (E), and low (0.157-0.241) dominance (C). Based on PCA, the distribution of macrozoobenthos is influenced by turbidity and TSS parameters. AMBI and M-AMBI analysis showed that 72% of macrozoobenthos belonged to a sensitive group with M-AMBI values from 0.65- 0.98. This means that macrozobenthos does not experience ecological disturbances and the water quality status is indicated to be good-high (very good).
Keyword: Banten Bay, macrozoobenthos, water quality

Judul: Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos dan Keterkaitannya dengan Kualitas Air di Perairan Teluk Banten
Abstrak: Tingginya aktivitas antropogenik di kawasan pesisir Teluk Banten berpotensi menurunkan kualitas perairan akibat masuknya bahan-bahan organik dan anorganik. Penurunan kualitas air tersebut akan berdampak terhadap kehidupan biota, salah satunya makrozoobentos. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas makrozoobentos dan keterkaitannya dengan kualitas air di Teluk Banten. Penelitian dilakukan selama enam bulan, sejak bulan September 2022 hingga Februari 2023 dengan enam titik stasiun pengamatan. Metode yang digunakan terdiri dari analisis kualitas air secara insitu dan eksitu berupa sampel makrozoobentos yang diambil menggunakan Ekman Grab, parameter kualitas air, dan substrat. Analisis data yang dilakukan terdiri dari kepadatan, keanekaragaman, keseragaman, dominansi, tipe substrat, analisis similaritas, dan analisis komponen utama. Makrozoobenthos yang diperoleh terdiri dari enam kelas, yaitu Bivalvia, Gastropoda, Polychaeta, Scapopoda, Malacostraca, dan Echinoidea. Kepadatan makrozoobentos tertinggi pada musim kemarau di bulan September. Indeks keanekaragaman yang diperoleh terkategori tinggi dengan keseragaman dan dominansi yang rendah. Kualitas air yang paling berpengaruh bagi makrozoobentos di Teluk Banten, yaitu DO dan suhu., The high anthropogenic activities in the coastal area of Banten Bay have potential to reduce water quality due to the load of organic and inorganic materials. The decrease in water quality will have an impact on biota life, one of which is macrozoobenthos. This study aims to analyze the structure of the macrozoobentos community and its relationship with water quality in Banten Bay. The study was conducted for six months, from September 2022 to February 2023 with six observation stations. The method used consists of in situ and ex situ water quality analysis in the form of macrozoobenthos samples taken usingEkman Grab, water quality parameters, and substrate. The data analysis carried out consisted of density, diversity, uniformity, dominance, substrate type, similarity analysis, and principal component analysis. The macrozoobenthos obtained consist of six classes, namely Bivalves, Gastropods, Polychaeta, Scapopoda, Malacostraca, and Echinoidea. The density of macrozoobenthos was highest at dry season in September. The diversity index is categorized as high with low uniformity and dominance. The most influential water quality for macrozoobentos in Banten Bay is DO and temperature.
Keyword: makrozoobentos di Teluk Banten, kualitas air, struktur komunitas, Teluk Banten

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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