Judul: Penerapan Penggunaan Model Springate dalam Memprediksi Kebangkrutan Perusahaan Sub Sektor Ritel yang Terdaftar di BEI.
Abstrak: Perdagangan ritel merupakan suatu kegiatan memasarkan produk ke konsumen akhir untuk digunakan oleh konsumen tersebut secara pribadi dan bukan untuk berbisnis. Kondisi perusahaan ritel yang sedang mengalami fase financial distress menyebabkan perusahaan tersebut berpotensi bangkrut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu memprediksi kebangkrutan perusahaan sub sektor perdagangan eceran menggunakan model Springate (S-score). Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang didapat dihalaman resmi Bursa Efek Indonesia. Data diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan SPSS. Metode pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dan memperoleh sebanyak 16 sampel perusahaan. Metode penelitian ini adalah metode Multiple Discriminant Analysis (MDA) yang digunakan untuk memprediksi kebangkrutan. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa variabel Working Capital to Total Asset (A), Earning Before Tax to Current Liabilities (C) dan Sales to Total Asset (D) mampu mengelompokan perusahaan yang berpotensi bangkrut atau tidak dengan variabel dominan yaitu Sales to Total Asset (D). Sebanyak 7 dari 16 perusahaan diprediksi bangkrut dengan periode 4 sampai 5 tahun.
Keyword: financial distress, kebangkrutan, MDA, model springate

Judul: Analisis Perbandingan Model Grover dan Springate dalam Prediksi Kondisi Kebangkrutan Emiten Sektor Energi di Indonesia
Abstrak: Sektor energi merupakan sektor yang volatil. Hal tersebut dapat dibuktikan dengan harga komoditas energi yang berfluktuatif dan mudah dipengaruhi oleh faktor-faktor eksternal. Faktor-faktor tersebut diantaranya adalah pasokan- permintaan, nilai tukar mata uang, dan bencana non-alam seperti Pandemi Covid- 19. Seluruh faktor-faktor tersebut dapat menyebabkan ketidakstabilan harga enrgi yang akan berdampak pada penurunan laba perusahaan. Penurunan laba secara terus-menerus dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya kesulitan keuangan. Kesulitan keuangan yang terjadi merupakan salah satu tanda awal terjadinya kebangkrutan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis hasil prediksi kondisi kebangkrutan emiten sektor energi di Indonesia terlebih lagi dengan tingkat volatilitas pasar yang tinggi. Selain itu, penelitian ini dilakukan karena mampu mengidentifikasi tahap awal pertanda kebangkrutan. Penelitian ini memprediksi kebangkrutan 21 perusahaan pada sektor energi di Indonesia dengan menggunakan Model Grover G-Score dan Model Springate S-Score. Perusahan sektor energi yang diteliti dipilih dengan berdasarkan kriteria-kriteria tertentu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat indikasi bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi harga komoditas energi turut memengaruhi kinerja perusahaan. Hal tersebut dibuktikan dengan nilai G-Score dan S-Score pada sebagian perusahaan turut menunjukkan penurunan ketikan terjadi penurunan harga komoditas energi. Sebanyak 16 dari 21 perusahaan yang selalu berada dalam zona ‘safe’ berdasarkan Model Grover G-Score, sedangkan berdasarkan Model Springate S-Score hanya terdapat 4 dari 21 perusahaan yang berada dalam zona ‘safe’ pada periode 2017- 2021. Uji t-test dilakukan untuk menguji apakah terdapat perbedaan antara kedua model dan diperoleh hasil yang menyatakan bahwa terdapat perbedaan signifikan antara hasil analisis antara Model Grover G-Score dengan Model Springate S-Score pada taraf nyata 0,01., The energy sector is a volatile sector. This can be proven by fluctuating energy commodity prices and easily influenced by external factors. These factors include supply-demand, exchange rates, and non-natural disasters such as the Covid-19 Pandemic. All of these factors can cause energy price instability which will have an impact on decreasing company profits. A continuous decline in profits can result in financial distress. Financial distress that occured are one of the early signs of bankruptcy. Therefore, this study was conducted to analyze the predicted results of bankruptcy conditions of energy sector company in Indonesia, especially with a high level of market volatility. In addition, this study was conducted because it was able to identify the early stages of bankruptcy harbingers. This research predicted the bankruptcy condition of 21 companies in the energy sector in Indonesia using the Grover G-Score Model and Springate S-Score Model. The energy sector companies studied were selected based on certain criteria. The results show that there are indications that factors that affect energy commodity prices also affect company financial performance. This is evidenced by the G-Score and S-Score values in some companies also show a decrease when there is a decline in energy commodity prices. As many as 16 out of 21 companies are always in the 'safe' zone based on the Grover G-Score Model, while based on the Springate S-Score Model there are only 4 out of 21 companies that are in the 'safe' zone in the 2017-2021 period. The t-test was conducted to test whether there is a difference between the two models and obtained results that
Keyword: Bankruptcy Prediction Analysis, Grover G-Score, Indonesia Energy Sector, Springate S-Score

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell