Judul: Nilai-nilai Keluarga, Interaksi Keluarga dan Potensi Perdagangan Manusia (Kasus di Kabupaten Cianjur)
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between family interaction with potential human trafficking. The research was conducted in the Sukatani village, Haurwangi District, Cianjur Regency. This is umbrella research with uses nonprobability sampling technique with purposive as many 60 people. Samples of this research was the wife of a poor family. The data collected by interview based on questionnaire. The results showed that there was negative significance relationship between parent child interaction with potential trade man.
Keyword: commitment, family interaction, family values, potential for human trafficking, poverty

Judul: Analisis nilai anak, investasi anak, dan potensi perdagangan anak (kasus di Kabupaten Subang)
Abstrak: Jumlah korban perdagangan anak dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis nilai anak, investasi anak, dan potensi perdagangan anak pada keluarga yang memiliki anak remaja dengan melibatkan 30 keluarga. Contoh dipilih secara convinience dengan kriteria anak remaja yang menempuh Sekolah Menengah Pertama (SMP) dari keluarga lengkap dan bertempat tinggal di Kecamatan Pagaden. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara dengan kuisioner. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan inferensia. Persepsi nilai anak, investasi anak, dan potensi perdagangan anak berada pada kategori sedang. Pendapatan keluarga berhubungan negatif nyata dengan nilai ekonomi anak. Pendidikan ayah, pendidkan ibu, dan pendapatan keluarga berhubungan positif signifikan dengan investasi anak. Pendidikan ayah dan ibu memilki hubungan negatif signifikan dengan potensi perdagangan anak. Nilai anak dan investasi anak tidak memiliki hubungan dengan potensi perdagangan anak.
Keyword: Value of child, Investment of child, Potential of human trafficking

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable