Judul: Identifikasi Patogen pada Tanaman-Tanaman Peneduh di Jalur Hijau Tepi Jalan Raya Tol Jagorawi
Abstrak: Jalan tol Jagorawi merupakan jalan bebas hambatan pertama di Indonesia dan telah beroperasi sejak tahun 1970, jalan tol merupakan jalan bebas hambatan yang memiliki unggulan dibandingkan jenis jalan lainnya. Jalan tol memiliki peranan yang penting dalam menunjang kegiatan perekonomian karena mempengaruhi kelancaran distribusi barang antarkota dan stabilitas harga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyakit cendawan penyebab mati meranggas dan pengendalian penyakit mati meranggas pada berbagai tanaman di jalur hijau tepi jalan raya Tol Jagorawi. Pengamatan ini dilakukan dengan pengambilan contoh bagian tanaman dan tanah, selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi dari contoh tanah, batang, dan ranting yang diperoleh, kemudian diidentifikasi berdasarkan karakter morfologi. Hasil penelitian ini dapat menunjukkan bahwa Botryodiplodia sp. dan Pestalotia sp., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, ditemukan pada tiga jenis tanaman peneduh jalan yaitu Acacia mangium, Swietenia mahagoni, dan Pometia pinnata. Hasil Postulat Koch yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa ketiga cendawan tersebut bersifat patogen terhadap ranting, daun, dan batang pada tanaman peneduh jalan. Hasil uji dari in vitro menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma harzianum dan Trichoderma koningii dapat menghambat pertumbuhan dari Botryodiplodia sp. dan Pestalotia sp., C. gloeosporioides dengan daya hambat sebesar 43.6%, 15.8%, 33.15% dan 42.1%, 15.8%, dan 9,7%, sedangkan pada perlakuan agens hayati dengan perlakuan fungisida terhadap Botryodiplodia sp. yang mampu menghambat daya tumbuh sebesar 25,7%.
Keyword: antagonisme, isolasi, Postulat Koch, tanaman peneduh, antagonisme, isolasi, Postulat Koch, tanaman peneduh

Judul: Pengamatan penyakit-penyakit penting tanaman ketimun (Cucumis sativus L.) di Green House dan pengujian agens antagonis
Abstrak: Budidaya ketimun secara hidroponik umumnya dilakukan di green house dengan tujuan agar dapat diperoleh lingkungan yang dapat dimanipulasi, tetapi usaha tersebut tidak mencegah adanya gangguan hama dan penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) melakukan pengamatan penyakit- 1 penyakit penting tanaman ketimun yang dibudidayakan secara hidroponik dalam green house, (2) mengidentifikasi patogen penyakit-penyakit penting melalui prosedur postulat Koch, (3) menguji kemampuan agens antagonis Bacillus sp. dan Trichoderma harzianum terhadap cendawan patogen penting yang menyerang tanaman ketimun (C. sativus). Penelitian ini terbagi dalam dua kegiatan yaitu penelitian di Green House Saung Mirwan, Mega Mendung, Bogor, Jawa Barat dan di Laboratorium Bakteriologi, Jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Bogor. Penelitian di Green House Saung Mirwan meliputi wawancara engamatan keadaan green house, penentuan tanaman contoh, penghitungan tensitas dan luas serangan penyakit penting dan pengambilan sampel tanaman akit. Penelitian di laboratorium meliputi identifikasi melalui prosedur postulat och, uji antagonisme in vitro Bacillus sp. dan T. harzianum. Selama pengamatan di green house diperoleh penyakit-penyakit penting menyerang tanaman ketimun yaitu busuk daun dengan intensitas serangan ..dst
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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