Judul: Analysis of Income Contribution from Copal Trapping on Trappers Welfare (Case of Gunung Walat Educational Forest)
Abstrak: Pola pemanfaatan hasil hutan bukan kayu berupa kopal telah memberikan kontribusi terhadap pendapatan penyadap. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kontribusi pendapatan dari hasil penyadapan kopal terhadap kesejahteraan penyadap. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah snalisis kontribusi pendapatan dan perbandingan standar kesejahteraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penyadap kopal di HPGW sebanyak 9 orang dengan rata-rata pendapatan penyadap kopal antara Rp. 20 160 000/tahun hingga Rp 49 200 000/tahun. Kontribusi pendapatan dari penyadapan kopal antara 51.22% sampai 80.00%, sehingga penyadapan kopal memberikan kontribusi yang besar terhadap pendapatan penyadap. Berdasarkan standar kesejahteraan Sajogjo relatif baik, yaitu: 1 orang masuk kategori Hidup Layak, 5 orang Cukup, dan 3 orang Nyaris Miskin. Standar Bank Dunia semua 9 orang penyadap Sejahtera. Sementara berdasarkan UMK Kabupaten Sukabumi sebanyak 2 orang Sejahtera dan 7 orang Tidak Sejahtera., The pattern of utilization of non-timber forest products in the form of copal has contributed to the income of tappers. This study aims to analyze the contribution of income from the results of tapping copal to the welfare of tappers. The research method used is income contribution analysis and its comparison to the welfare standards. The results showed that the number of copal tappers in HPGW was 9 persons with an average income of Rp. 20 160 000/year to Rp 49 200 000/year. The contribution of income from copal tapping is between 51,22% to 80,00%, so that copal tapping provides a large contribution to the income of tappers. Based on Sajogjo's welfare standard, it is relatively good, namely: 1 person is in the Decent Living category, 5 people are Enough, and 3 people are Almost Poor. The World Bank's standards are all 9 people tapping are prosperous. Meanwhile, based on the UMK of Sukabumi Regency, 2 people are prosperous and 7 people are not.
Keyword: contribution, copal, income, tapper, welfare

Judul: Kontribusi Pendapatan Penyadap Getah Pinus Tehadap Kesejahteraan Penyadap Di BKPH Lengkong, KPH Sukabumi, Perum Perhutani Divisi Regional Jawa Barat-Banten
Abstrak: Pine resin is one of non wood forest product which utilized in Perum Perhutani and has high economic value. Perum Perhutani involves community surrounding forest area as pine resin tapper which aimed to increase of pine resin productivity and their community of welfare. This research aimed to obtain information regarding the level of welfare tappers, identify the characteristics of the tappers, and calculate the contribution of income from pine resin tapping on total tapper income of tappers. The research was conducted at BKPH Lengkong, KPH Sukabumi, Perum Perhutani Divisi Regional West Java-Banten with 78 respondents. The research result showed that the activity of pine sap contributed 67.15% of the total revenue tapper. According poverty line of Sajogyo, approximately 79.49% tappers are above the poverty line, according to the poverty line of World Bank, about 93.59% tappers are above the poverty line, whereas according to the Sukabumi UMR, approximately 64.10% tappers are not welfare.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Pine Resin, Tapper, Contribution, Involves community

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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