Judul: The Potency of semanggi leaf (Merseila crenata) Nanoencapsulation for stressed quails Due to Metilprednisolon Consumption
Abstrak: Burung puyuh mudah terkena stres oksidatif yang menyebabkan penurunan sitem imun. Daun semanggi memiliki kandungan antioksidan yang dapat dijadikan imunomodulator. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari nanoenkapsulasi daun semanggi sebagai imunomodulator pada puyuh yang mengalami stres akibat metilprednisolon. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor puyuh yang dibagi 6 kelompok, yaitu: 1) KN, kelompok kontrol negatif; 2) KP, kelompok kontrol positif diberikan immunostimulant komersial; 3) K1, kelompok nanopartikel daun semanggi dosis 0,375 mg/kgBB, 4) K2 kelompok nanopartikel daun semanggi dosis 0,33 mg/kgBB; 5) K1+P, kelompok nanopartikel ekstrak daun semanggi dengan tween 80 dosis 0,375 mg/kg BB; 6) K2+P kelompok nanopartikel ekstrak daun semanggi dengan tween 80 dosis 0,33 mg/kgBB. Semua puyuh diimunisasi dengan sel darah merah domba 2,5% dan vaksin nd pada hari ke-7, kemudian di booster pada hari ke-17 dan diberikan metilprednisolon dosis 0,70 mg/160g BB. Pada hari ke- 24 diberikan perlakuan nanoenkapsulasi daun semanggi secara oral, lalu dilakukan pengambilan darah ke-3. Pada hari ke-32 dilakukan pengambilan darah ke-4 dan hari ke-36 dilakukan pengambilan darah ke-5. Hasil yang diamati pada penelitian adalah banyaknya total leukosit, diferensiasi leukosit, nilai rasio H/L dan titer antibodi SDMD dan ND dari burung puyuh akibat pemberian metilprednisolon.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian nanoenkapsulasi daun semanggi pada kelompok K2+P efektif dijadikan imunomodulator. Kata kunci: Daun semanggi, Imunomodulator, Nanoenkapsulasi, Puyuh, Quails susceptible to get stress causes decrease immune system in the body. Clover leaves have high antioxidant and can be used as immunomodulator. This study aimed the potential of clover leaf nanoencapsulation as an immunomodulator in quail due to administration of methylprednisolone. This study used 24 quail divided into 6 groups: 1) KN, negative control group;2) KP, the positive control group given a commercial immunostimulant; 3) K1, given clover leaf nanoparticles dose of 0.375 mg/kgBB, 4) K2 given clover leaf nanoparticles dose of 0.33 mg/kgBB; 5) K1+P, given clover leaf extract nanoparticles with tween 80 dose of 0.375 mg/kgBB; 6) K2+P given clover leaf extract nanoparticles with tween 80 dose of 0.33 mg/kgBB. All quail were immunized with multivaccine on day 7, then boosted on day 17 and given methylprednisolone dose of 0.70 mg/160gBB. Day 24th the treatment giving oral clover leaf nanoencapsulation and drawn the blood 3th. Day 32nd, the 4th blood was drawn and on the 36th day the 5th blood was drawn. The results observed leukocytes, leukocyte differentiation, H/L ratio and SDMD and ND antibody titers from quail that experienced due to methylprednisolone. The results showed that nanoencapsulated clover leaf in group K2+P 80 effective as immunomodulator. Keywords: Immunomodulator, Nanoencapsulate, Quail, Water clover
Keyword: Daun semanggi, Imunomodulator, Nanoenkapsulasi, Puyuh, Immunomodulator, Nanoencapsulate, Quail, Water clover

Judul: Potential of Suji Leaves (Dracaena angustifolia  Roxb) Nanoencapsulation as Immunomodulators in Due to Methylprednisolone Consumption
Abstrak: Puyuh merupakan unggas yang mudah stres, ditandai dengan mening kat nya kadar kortikosteron sehingga dapat menekan sistem imun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari potensi nanoenkapsulasi daun suji sebagai imunomodu lator pada puyuh yang mengalami stres oksidatif yang diberi metilprednisolon. Nanoenkapsulasi merupakan suatu teknologi penghantaran obat dengan cara membungkus ekstrak daun suji dengan kitosan dan membuat ukuran menjadi nanopartikel. Pembuatan ekstrak daun suji menggunakan metode maserasi dan nanoenkapsulasi daun suji menggunakan metode gelasi ionik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor puyuh betina yang dibagi kedalam enam kelompok, yai tu: 1) KN, kontrol negatif; 2) KP, kontrol positif diberikan imunomodulator komersial; 3)P1, nanoenkapsulasi daun suji dosis 0.32 mg/Kg BB; 4)P2, nanoenkapsulasi daun suji dosis 0.29 mg/Kg BB; 5)P1T, nanoenkapsulasi daun suji dosis 0.32 mg/Kg BB + tween 3% ; 6)P2T, nanoenkapsulasi daun suji dosis 0.29 mg/Kg BB + tween 0.3%. Setiap kelompok diberikan metilprednisolon dosis 0.70 mg/Kg BB, sel darah merah domba (SDMD), dan vaksin aktif ND La Sota. Parameter yang diamati yaitu: jumlah leukosit, diferensial leukosit, rasio heterofil/limfosit (H/L), dan titer antibodi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian nanoenkapsulasi daun suji memberikan pengaruh signifikan (P<0.05) terhadap peningkatan jumlah leukosit, limfosit, titer antibodi dan penurunan rasio H/L. Nanoenkapsulasi daun suji memiliki potensi yang besar sebagai imunomodulator pada puyuh, Quail is a bird that is easily stressed, characterized by increase of cor ticosterone levels so that it can suppress the immune system. The research aimed to study the potency nanoencapsulation of suji leaves as immunomodula tors in quail experiencing oxidative stress due to methylprednisolone consump tion. Nanoencapsulation is a drug delivery technology of packaging suji leaf extract with chitosan and making the size into nanoparticles. Preparation of suji leaves extract was done by using the maceration method and nanoencapsulation of suji leaves using the ionic gelation method. The research used 24 female quail divided into six groups:1) KN, negative control; 2) KP, positive control given commercial immunomodulators; 3) P1, suji leaves nanoencapsulation dose of 0.32 mg/Kg BW; 4) P2, suji leaves nanoencapsulation dose of 0.29 mg/Kg BW; 5) P1T, suji leaves nanoencapsulation dose of 0.32 mg/Kg BW + 3% tween; 6) P2T, suji leaves nanoencapsulation with dose of 0.29 mg/Kg BW+ 0.3% tween. Each group was given methylprednisolone dose of 0.70 mg/Kg BW, sheep red blood cell (SRBC), and ND La Sota Active Vaccine. Pa rameters observed were the number of leukocytes, the leukocyte differential, the heterophile/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), and the antibody titer. The results showed that the consumption of suji leaves nanoencapsulation had a significant effect (P<0.05) to increase the number of leukocytes, lymphocytes, antibody titers, and decreased H/L ratio. Suji leaves nanoencapsulation has potential as an immunomodulator in quail.
Keyword: Daun suji, Imunomodulator, Nanoenkapsulasi, Puyuh

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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