Judul: Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan in vitro Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi dan Konsentrat yang Disuplementasi dengan Probiotik Padat atau Cair.
Abstrak: This study was aimed at examining effects of rice straw-based feed and concentrate supplemented with solid or liquid probiotic on in vitro fermentation and digestibility. This study consisted of two factors; Factor A : feed treatment with a ratio 60:40% of a mixture of rice straw (RS) and concentrate; A1 = RS + control concentrate (10% CP), A2 = RS + optimal concentrate (12% CP), A3 = RS + suboptimal concentrate (14% CP). Factor B : probiotic treatment; B1 = without probiotic (0%), B2 = solid probiotic (0.25% b/b), B3 = liquid probiotic (0.10% v/b). A factorial randomized block design (RBD) 3 x 3 (4 replications) was applied. The result showed that ammonia and total VFA concentrations and digestibility were influenced by probiotic supplementation whereas bacterial populations were affected by feed treatments and probiotic supplementation; however, these treatments did not significantly affect protozoal populations and microbial protein synthesis. A3 is the best feed treatment that can be used, and liquid probitic supplementation (B3) is the optimal treatment.
Keyword: concentrate, in vitro, liquid probiotic, protein level, solid probiotic

Judul: Optimalisasi Ransum Komplit Jerami Padi dengan Konsentrat Berbasis Dedak Padi dan Tepung Daun Ditinjau dari Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan in vitro
Abstrak: The aim of this experiment was to study optimilization of rice and bran straw based diet with nutrient rich supplement (NRS) on in vitro fermentability and digestibility. The fermentability experiment used factorial randomized block design 4×3 with four replicates. The ration treatments (60% rice straw : 40% nutrient rich supplement (NRS)) were factor P: P1 = Rice straw + NRS A1 (rice bran, fish meal, cassava leaf meal, Leucaena leaf meal, Sesbania leaf meal molases and mineral mix), P2 = Rice straw + NRS A2 (rice bran, fish meal, cassava leaf meal, Gliricidia sepium leaf meal, molases and mineral mix), P3 = Rice straw + NRS A3 (concentrate A2 + tea waste), and P4 = Rice straw + NRS A4 (concentrate A3 + Hibiscus rosasinensis leaf meal). Factor B was incubation times: 1, 3, and 5 hours. The digestibility experiment used randomized block design with four ration treatments (P1, P2, P3, P4) and four replications. The result showed that supplementation did not influence all variables measured, but protozoal population, VFA concentration and dry matter degradability were affected by incubation time.
Keyword: rice straw, rice bran, leaf meal, fermentability, digestibility

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf