Judul: Anti-inflammatory Activity of Active Compounds in Iler Leaves (Plectranthus scutellarioides) through In Silico Inhibition of Cyclooxygenase-2
Abstrak: Osteoarthritis (OA) adalah penyakit peradangan pada sendi yang diakibatkan kerusakan pada bantalan sendi yang diiringi dengan berkurangnya cairan sinovial. Penyakit ini termasuk penyakit degeneratif yang sering terjadi pada hewan dan mengiringi proses penuaan. Pengobatan diutamakan untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri dan tingkat peradangan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan obat herbal sebagai alternatif untuk penanganan penyakit tersebut. Iler (Plectranthus scutellarioides) memiliki senyawa aktif anti-inflamasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji senyawa aktif daun Iler yang berpotensi sebagai anti-inflamasi melalui inhibisi siklooksigenase-2 secara in silico (PDB ID 3LN1). Penelitian ini menggunakan software AutoDock Vina, dengan parameter sebagai berikut: energi bebas, konstanta inhibisi, dan nilai binding site similarity (BSS). Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan hasil antosianin dan asam rosmarinat merupakan ligan uji yang memiliki nilai energi bebas yang terbaik, yaitu -9,6 kkal/mol dan -9,3 kkal/mol. Berdasarkan parameter tersebut dapat disimpulkan secara in silico senyawa aktif daun Iler berpotensi efektif untuk obat anti-inflamasi., Osteoarthritis (OA) is an inflammatory disease of the joints caused by damage to the joint cushions accompanied by reduced synovial fluid. This disease is a degenerative disease that often occurs in animals and accompanies the aging process. Treatment is prioritized to reduce pain and inflammation levels. Therefore, herbal medicine is needed as an alternative for treating this disease. Iler (Plectranthus scutellarioides) has an active anti-inflammatory compound. This study aims to examine the active compounds of Iler leaves which have potential as anti-inflammatory through in silico inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (PDB ID 3LN1). This study used AutoDock Vina software, with the following parameters: free energy, inhibition constants, and binding site similarity (BSS) values. The results of the study showed that anthocyanin and rosmarinic acid were the test ligands that had the best free energy values, namely -9,6 kcal/mol and -9,3 kcal/mol. Based on these parameters, it can be concluded that in silico the active compounds of Iler leaves are potentially effective for anti-inflammatory drugs.
Keyword: anti-inflamasi, Iler, penambatan molekuler, siklooksigenase-2

Judul: Inhibition Activity to Cyclooxygenase-2 by The Active Compound of White Teak (Gmelina arborea) Bark In Silico as Anti-Inflammatory
Abstrak: Siklooksigenase-2 (COX-2) berperan mengubah asam arakidonat menjadi prostaglandin yang dapat menimbulkan berbagai tanda inflamasi sehingga dikatakan sebagai mediator inflamasi. Sebanyak enam senyawa kulit kayu jati putih berhasil diisolasi. Beberapa senyawa tersebut memiliki peran antiinflamasi berdasarkan uji in vitro dan in vivo. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penghambatan COX-2 oleh senyawa kulit kayu jati putih melalui uji in silico dengan metode penambatan molekuler menggunakan YASARA Structure. Hasil penambatan molekuler terhadap enam senyawa sebagai ligan uji menunjukkan bahwa (+)-balanophonin merupakan senyawa yang paling potensial dalam menghambat COX-2 secara selektif. Energi pengikatan (+)-balanophonin bernilai lebih negatif dari energi pengikatan ibuprofen, yaitu bernilai -7,562 kkal/mol dan konstanta disosiasi (Kd) sebesar 2,864 µM. Senyawa (+)-balanophonin menghasilkan berbagai interaksi, seperti ikatan hidrogen, interaksi elektrostatik, interaksi hidrofobik, dan van der Waals dengan residu-residu situs aktif COX-2, serta sifat senyawa tersebut telah memenuhi aturan Lipinski, ADME, dan toksisitas., Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a role in converting arachidonic acid into prostaglandins that can cause various inflammatory signs so it is said to be an inflammatory mediator. Six compounds of white teak bark were successfully isolated. Some of these compounds have anti-inflammatory roles based on in vitro and in vivo tests. This study aims to analyze the inhibition occurs COX-2 by white teak bark compounds through in silico test with molecular docking method using YASARA Structure. The molecular docking results of six compounds show that (+)-balanophonin is the most potential compound in selectively inhibiting COX-2. This is based on a binding energy (+)-balanophonin value more negative than ibuprofen, which is -7,562 kcal/mol and the dissociation constant (Kd) value is 2,864 μM. (+)-Balanophonin produces a variety of interactions, such as hydrogen bonds, electrostatic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and van der Waals with COX-2 active site residues, and the properties of (+)-balanophonin have complied with Lipinski, ADME, and toxicity rules.
Keyword: (+)-balanophonin, COX-2, inflammation, white teak bark compound

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
Keyword: