Judul: Isolation, characterization and medium optimization for production of active compound produce by endophytic fungi inhibiting breast cancer cell MCF-7 proliferation
Abstrak: An endophytic fungus is the fungus that lives in close association with living plant tissues. Medicinal endophytic fungi are one group of prospecting endophytic fungi. These fungi reported producing secondary metabolite which has structure and activity similar with the host plant. In this study; isolation, characterization and medium optimization for the production of active compound produced by endophytic fungi from medicinal plant originated from East Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara has been conducted. Seventy five endophytic fungi have been isolated from 34 medicinal plants that consist of 57 isolate from leave sample and 18 isolate from stem. The result showed that colonization endopyhitic fungi in leave (70%) was higher compared to stem (32%) from total samples. Thirty six isolates from total 75 isolates were screened for citotoxicity against Artemia salina using brine shrimp lethality test method. First screening using 1000 mg/L concentration of crude extract showed that 9 extracts were active out of 108 extracts assayed. Further screening for the 9 active extracts using LC50 showed that ethyl acetate extract from fungus ENLT 74.3d.2 was the most active compared to the others with LC50 of 30,21 mg/L. Fungus ENLT 74.3d.2 was isolated from Cibotium barometz and morphological descript as Curvularia lunata. This active fungus was deposited and labelled as BioMCC FE-00283. Active compound purification of endophytic fungi C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283 was conducted by bioassay guided. Preliminary bioassay of the extract and fractions was conducted by Brine Shrimp Lethality Test, while citotoxicity of the pure active compound was conducted by MTT assay against human carcinoma breast MCF-7 cell. First purification of active compound was done by coloumn cromatography using silica gel 60 as stationary phase and eluted by step gradient method using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol subsequently. Further purification was done by HPLC using C18 column and eluted by gradient system of acetonitril water from 15% up to 100% for 25 minutes. Bioassay showed that ethyl acetate fraction was the most active (LC50 = 4.69 mg/L), while the pure compound from HPLC on concentration 5 mg/L could inhibit 28 % proliferation of MCF-7. Elucidation of formula and structure using spectroscopy IR, LC-MS, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and MS-MS resulted that active compound of endophytic fungi C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283 is 8-hydroxy 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (8-HODE) which molecule formula is C18H32O3. Glucose, monosodium glutamate and corn oil were media components which showed significant effect toward 8-HODE production by C. lunata BioMCC FE-00283. Composition optimization of these three medium components was performed by RSM and full factorial CCD was used design the experiment. Maximum 8-HODE production predicted by the quadratic model was 11.78 mg/L; which was verified experimentally to be 10.78 ± 0.872 mg/L and had rendement (YP/S) 0.001. This maximum 8-HODE production reached in media composition that consist of 5.87 g/L glucose, 11.05 g/L monosodium glutamate and 1.00 ml/L corn oil. Eventhough experimentally verification showed lower result compared to model prediction, however it was higher compare to 8-HODE production using basal media which only reach concentration 0.491 ± 0.072 mg/L and rendemen 4.879 x 10-5. This verification showed that optimization increased 8- HODE production
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Judul: Identification of Active Compounds in Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Soursop Leaf and Its Potential as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Abstrak: Kapang endofit daun sirsak memiliki aktivitas antikanker payudara dengan menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker MCF-7. Sel ini mengekspresikan reseptor estrogen khususnya reseptor estrogen α. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa aktif kapang endofit daun sirsak dan menentukan potensinya sebagai antikanker payudara melalui penghambatan reseptor estrogen α. Metode penelitian meliputi ekstraksi kapang endofit, identifikasi senyawa aktif dengan LC-MS/MS, dan studi in silico menggunakan reseptor estrogen α. Terdapat 44 senyawa yang berhasil teridentifikasi dengan waktu retensi yang beragam dan sebanyak 15 senyawa berpotensi sebagai antikanker payudara karena kemampuannya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan memicu terjadinya apoptosis pada sel kanker. Studi in silico menunjukkan senyawa 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione memiliki efek inhibisi terbaik dengan nilai ∆G sebesar -8.3 kkal/mol. Simpulan penelitian ini adanya kemampuan dari ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak dalam menghambat reseptor estrogen α, Endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaves has anticancer activity due to its ability to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells. This cell express estrogen receptor, especially estrogen receptor α. This study aimed to identify the active compound in endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaf and determine the potential as an anticancer of breast cancer through estrogen receptor α inhibition. The method of the research included endophytic fungi extraction, identification of active compound using LC-MS/MS, and in silico study used estrogen receptor α. There are 44 active compounds that are successfully identified with various retention times and 15 compounds has potential as anticancer due to their ability to inhibit the growth and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. In silico study showed that 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione has the best inhibition with ∆G values is -8.3 kcal/mol . The conclusion of this study is the ability of the extract of endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaf to inhibit estrogen receptors α.
Keyword: breast cancer, endophytic fungi, estrogen receptor, soursop leaves

Judul: Analisa deret waktu curah hujan di Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui model deret Fourier yang dominan pada harmonik tertentu, guna menjelas- kan gambaran tentang musim untuk keperiodikan curah hujan bulanan setiap tahun, disamping itu ingin diketahui juga pengaruh korelasi diri dari setiap curah hujan bulanan dan rata-rata bergeraknya sebagai usaha untuk mengetahui ke- teraturan periodik atau menghilangkan keadaan yang eratik dari curah hujan bulanan. Bahan penelitian berupa data curah hujan bulanan yang dihimpun menjadi curah hujan tahunan, dari tahun 1953 sampai tahun 1977 atau selama 25 tahun. Dalam penelitian ini diambil data dari lima stasiun penakar hujan yang data- nya paling lengkap, masing-masing stasiun Jakarta Pusat, Kemayoran, Manggarai, Ragunan dan Jatipadang. Data diperoleh dari Badan Meteorologi dan Geofisika Jakarta. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model yang dominan sebagai gambaran musim untuk keperiodikan curah hujan bulan- an setiap tahun adalah model deret Fourier untuk harmonik pertama, dari model diperoleh sari antaranya, diperkirakan bulan Februari akan terjadi curah hujan tertinggi dan bulan Agustus sebagai bulan dimana curah hujan terendah setiap tahun. Di stasiun penakar Jakarta Pusat, Kemayoran dan Manggarai terjadi tiga bulan kering secara berturut-turut pada bulan Juli, Agustus dan September. Sedangkan bulan basah mulai bulan Januari sampai Mei dan bulan Oktober sampai bulan Desember, kecuali di stasiun penakar Kemayoran pada bulan November dan Desember. Di stasiun Ragunan dan Jatipadang diharapkan tidak akan terjadi bulan kering, sedangkan bulan basah terjadi mulai bulan Januari sampai Juni dan bulan Oktober sampai Desember. Perbedaan antara musim hujan dan kemarau lebih jelas nampak untuk daerah-daerah bagian selatan kota atau di- Ragunan dan Jatipadang, kemudian semakin berkurang untuk daerah-daerah Manggarai dan Jakarta Pusat, sedangkan di- Kemayoran perbedaan antara kedua musim paling kecil. Curah hujan pada suatu bulan tertentu ada hubungannya dengan curah hujan pada bulan berikutnya, hubungan ini semakin berkurang dengan curah hujan pada bulan berikutnya lagi, kemudian dengan curah hujan pada bulan ketiga hubungannya sudah tidak ada. Gambaran fluktuasi curah hujan bulanan memperlihatkan pola yang teratur setelah dilakukan perataan (pemulusan) terhadap rata-rata bergerak curah hujan bulanan pada periode tiga bulan.
Keyword: Rainfall, model deret Fourier, Meteorologi, Geofisika