Judul: Ekologi trofik komunitas ikan sebagai dasar pengelolaan sumber daya ikan di ekosistem estuari Segara Menyan, Subang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Estuaries areas are the complex ecosystem and provide habitat for aquatic organisms, particularly for fishes. The Segara Menyan is a semi-enclosed estuarine lagoon located within the Java Sea. Many fish species utilize estuary lagoon as feeding, nursery, and refuge area. The objectives of this study are to (1) investigate the ichthyodiversity inhabiting of various habitats, (2) describe the spatiotemporal variation in fish community distribution, (3) describe the trophic ecology of fish community, and (4) determine the strategy of fish resources management in Segara Menyan estuary. Fish samples were collected every month between January and December 2011 at three zones, i.e. coastal lagoon, lagoon, and streams. Fishes were collected using a gillnet (5 m x 85 m, three panels 2, 3, and 4 inci mesh); trammel net (2 m x 70 m, three panels 0.75; 1.5; 2.5 inci mesh); and minitrawl (6 m x 1.2 m, 4.5 mm mesh, bag 1.2m x 1.2 m). Captured fish were preserved in 10% buffered formalin in the field. In the laboratory, samples were sorted then fixed in 70% etanol for later analysis. A total of 6,254 fishes consisted of 47 families, 79 genera, and 106 species, and the most collected group of fish was Carangidae. Fish communities divided into four groups according to ecological category i.e. estuarine species from marine, marine species, resident estuarine species, and estuarine species from freshwater. The estuarine species from marine and juvenile were dominant. Based on occupied habitat, the most number of species and biomass were found at coastal lagoon zone. Spatiotemporal variation in fish density, species richness, diversity Shannon-Wiener, and dominant species were found in the three zones at Segara Menyan estuary. Multiple linear regression analysis revealed inconsistent patterns in terms of the relationships between univariate fish assemblage measures (fish density, species richness, and diversity) and environmental variables (temperature, salinity, water clarity, and dissolved oxygen). For each of 106 fish species, between 1 and 380 stomachs, were examined. The vacuity index was also different among species. Five of 106 species had a vacuity index of “0” and total number of food items consumed varied between fish species, ranging from three items to 27 items. The overall diet breadth (Bi) was relatively low among species, ranging from 0.20 to 0.78, with most of them between 0.20 and 0.48. Calanoid copepods comprised the most common food item consumed by all the fishes examined. Fishes occurring can be broadly categorized into seven different trophic guilds. The trophic level of fish communities ranged from 2.05 to 4.73. An understanding of trophic ecology of fish communities was used to determine a management and conservation of fish resources strategies. The strategy proposed were the development of recreational fisheries, regulation of capture fisheries, and management of fish habitats.
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Judul: Dampak Penangkapan Ikan terhadap Keseimbangan Trofik Level pada Habitat Lamun di Kepulauan Seribu, Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Fishing impacts of small-scale gears operating on seagrass habitat at Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta Province, was quantified based on a widely accepted ecosystem measure and the ecology structure and the trophic level (TL) indicators. Trophic level of captured fish was evaluated during period October 2011 to April 2012. Fish samples were taken by means of experimental fishing using a set gillnet. In order to evaluate feeding habit a stomach content analysis that consist of quantity, volumetric and frequency of occurrence methods was conducted. The feeding habit data was analyzed by means of Relative Importance and Preponderance Indexes. Trophic level was analyzed base on three cases which found. Result showed that dominant of captured fish came from Holocentridae, that was redcoat (Sargocentron rubrum) and Belonidae that was spottail needlefish (Tylosurus strongylura) with each proportion 26 % of samples. The further dominant of captured fish fish was striped monocle bream (Scolopsis lineata) with proportion 14,5 % of samples. Size of the mean length of dominant captured fish were spottail needlefish (65,9 ± 21,7 cm), striped monocle bream (17,4 ± 1,4 cm) and redcoat (16,5 ± 1,6 cm). Size of the mean weight of dominant captured fish were spottail needlefish (584 ± 245 gr), redcoat (87 ± 30 gr) and striped monocle bream (77 ± 19 gr). Fish in the study area was dominated by herbivorous and demersal feeders. Many fishes that were captured on TL2 had potential to cause unbalanced trophic level in that fishing ground.
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Judul: Metoda intramedullary pin sebagai salah satu cara menanggulangi fraktur femoralis pada anjing
Abstrak: Metoda intramedullary pin merupakan salah satu metoda penanggulangan fraktur yang populer karena banyak mempunyai keuntungan, diantaranya adalah : cepat dan mudah dikerja- kan, fiksasi yang dihasilkan lebih kuat dibandingkan metoda plate, setelah sembuh tulang menjadi lebih kuat, dan biaya yang digunakan relatif lebih ekonomis. Beberapa macam intramedullary pin yang ada, diantara- Steinmann pin, Rush pin, Kirschner pin, Kuentscher nya : nail, dan Leighton Shuttle pin. Teknik pemasangan intramedullary pin dapat melalui operasi tertutup atau operasi terbuka, tergantung dari ti- pe dan derajat fraktur. Pada operasi tertutup tidak dila- kukan pembukaan terhadap lokasi fraktur. Penyisipan pin dilakukan melalui fragmen fraktur proximal diteruskan ke fragmen distal, sehingga pada metoda ini luka yang timbul hanya pada tempat dimana pin tersebut dimasukkan. Pada operasi terbuka penyisipan pin dilakukan melalui pembukaan lokasi fraktur. Dalam melakukan pembukaan terhadap lokasi fraktur, harus dipilih pendekatan yang paling sesuai dan paling sedikit kemungkinannya untuk menimbulkan komplikasi. Pengambilan pin biasanya dilakukan setelah empat atau lima minggu disisipkan, diharapkan pada waktu itu telah terjadi pembentukan callus yang sudah cukup kuat untuk me- nunjang berdirinya tubuh. Pada beberapa keadaan pin tidak perlu diambil, misalnya pada anjing tua atau pada anjing yang menderita penyakit tulang. Tidak ada reaksi sakit... akibat pin bertahan di dalam tulang.
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