Judul: Pemanfaatan limbah kaleng sebagai bahan dasar koagulan berbasis aluminium
Abstrak: Wastes of canned drink were found abundantly in the environment. Utilization of this waste can increase the value of the waste. This type of can has been tested previously and showed the aluminum contents of 1.41–16.04%. The aluminium content indicates its potential to be used as raw material for aluminum-based coagulant. The synthesis method used for producing coagulant was partial hydrolysis using HCl 33% with various polymerization times of 24 and 48 hours and components of 5 and 10%, giving 4 kinds of synthetic coagulant. The synthetic coagulants characterized based on SNI 06-3822-1995 showed that the results did not meet the requirements of SNI-quality. The peaks of infrared absorption on the synthetic coagulants were 3518.16, 1631.78, and 1168.86 cm-1 and almost resemble the commercial polyaluminium chloride which are 3452.58, 1627.92, and 3070.68 cm-1. Performance test of the coagulant on some textile industry wastewater had been tested at pH 6, 7, 8, and 9. The most effective performance from each coagulant was shown at pH 9. Coagulation of the waste cans made by partial hydrolysis method using HCl was able to reduce turbidity of more than 95%.
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Judul: Pengolahan limbah cair praktikum analisis kualitatif logam berat menggunakan polialuminium klorida sebagai koagulan
Abstrak: Research activity in laboratory often use substances containing heavy metals. One of them is qualitative analysis for chloride and spot test for measuring the existence of heavy metals on the samples. This wastewater contains various chemicals especially heavy metals and acidic substances. It appears with low pH value and high concentration of dye and heavy metals. Waste storage containers also need handling. Based on observation, polypropylene bottle became dark-colored after it kept heavy metal waste for 2 years. In this research, wastewater samples were treated with coagulation process to obtain optimum condition for polyaluminum chloride (PAC) and to identify polypropylene bottle using scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectrometer. Samples were coagulated using PAC at concentrations 500, 600, 700, 800 mg/L, and pH 7, 8, 9, 10. Parameters observed were pH, color, and Cr, Ni, and Pb heavy metal content. The result showed that the highest Cr reduction was 97.99% at coagulation pH 10 and PAC concentration of 700 mg/L. Polypropylene bottle showed carbon content lowering in all 3 sampled bottles, whereas contents of all other elements were relatively not affected.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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