Judul: Aktivitas protease dan kandungan asam laktat pada yoghurt yang dimodifikasi Bifidobacterium bifidum dan diinokulasi pseudomonas fluorescens
Abstrak: Main health benefical related to yoghurt is its ability to improve lactose digestion and to control the pathogenic bacteria in digestion tract. This benefical health is threatened by natural existence of contaminant in milk especially P. fluorescens, that reduces shelf life of milk. The aim of this research is to determine the antagonistic nature of B. bifidum in inhibiting growth P. fluorescens and the effect of B. bifidum on protease activity and lactic acid content of yoghurt inoculated by P. fluorescens. Antagonism test of B. bifidum to P. fluorescens is conducted using turbidimetric method. Total titratable acid was measured to determine the percentage of lactic acid content by using acid base titration principle. Protease activity was measured with modification of Lowry method. The result of antagonism test showed that B. bifidum can inhibit P. fluorescens with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2%. Lactic acid content of yoghurt with formula 1:1:0, 1:1:0.5, 1:1:1, and 1:1:1.5 on 0 day was 0.3747%, 0.3654%, 0.3732%, and 0.347% respectively and then increased during 25 day storage to 0.5709%, 0.5202%, 0.6638%, and 0.5945% respectively. Addition of B. bifidum decreased protease activity indicated by less protease activity of yoghurt modified by B. bifidum till 15 day storage compared to yoghurt without B. bifidum.
Keyword: 

Judul: Aktivitas protease dan kandungan asam laktat pada yoghurt yang dimodifikasi Bifidobacterium bifidum
Abstrak: Yoghurt merupakan minuman hasil fermentasi dari susu murni. Yoghurt probiotik merupakan salah satu produk pangan fungsional melalui penambahan bakteri probiotik seperti B. bifidum. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur aktivitas protease dan kandungan asam laktat pada yoghurt yang dibubuhi B. bifidum. Parameter yoghurt yang dimodifikasi dengan B. bifidum adalah kadar asam laktat dan aktivitas protease selama dua puluh lima hari penyimpanan. Kadar asam laktat diukur dengan metode titrasi asam basa, sedangkan aktivitas protease diukur dengan metode modifikasi Lowry. Yoghurt diuji tingkat penerimaannya oleh konsumen dengan uji organoleptik.
Keyword: 

Judul: Real Option Valuation Using Binomial Decision Trees.
Abstrak: A firm that decides to invest has a choice to invest in real assets. A method which is usually used in valuation of the project is discounted cash flow (DCF) method. But, this method can’t be used in projects that account for value of managerial flexibility, such as decision to suspend operations temporarily. Therefore, this kind of project needs to be assessed using real option. Real option valuation can be done in some ways, including the use of path-dependent simulation, as well as closed-form models like Black-Scholes model, partial differential equation, and binomial or multinomial approaches. In this paper, real option valuation using binomial decisions id discussed. Determination of the project value can be done in three steps. First, calculate the expected present value of the project. Next, calculate volatility of the project using Monte Carlo simulation. Last, construct a binomial tree to model the dynamics of the project value using the parameters of the stochastic process, and then add some decision nodes to model the project’s real options.
Keyword: