Judul: Analisis Variabilitas Curah Hujan Indonesia pada Kejadian ENSO
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the countries which experiences El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on rainfall variability. The purpose of this study included to investigate the Indonesian climate variations related to ENSO events and to understand the effect of ENSO on rainfall temporal distributions at Indramayu (6.35°LS, 108.32°BT) and Tabing (0.88°LS, 100.35°BT). Composite analysis method was used to reveal the trend of sea surface temperature anomaly, wind at 850 hPa, OLR and TRMM 3B43 rainfall data, whereas temporal and correlation analysis was used to observe rainfall and nino-3.4 index. When El Niño sea surface temperature anomaly (ASPL) maximum in October-December, 850 hPa wind backwards from west to east along with increased speed and deviation of OLR below the average values in central and eastern equatorial Pacific which indicates the accumulation of rain cloud. La Niña occurrence is indicated by the deviations of sea surface temperature below average. Low pressure center in Asia reached 850 hPa winds and strengthened Walker circulation, the movement of the air mass brought moisture to Indonesia. Based on the composite of TRMM rainfall, it appeared that the El Niño events gave more significant impact at the end of the year (October to December) on East Indonesia, Java and parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan, while La Niña (December to February) in south and eastern part of Indonesia. Monsoonal pattern (Indramayu) showed ENSO impacts more strongly than equatorial (Tabing). The shift of dry season and low rainfall were affected by ASPL fluctuations on nino-3.4 region.
Keyword: TRMM, SPL, Rainfall, OLR, ENSO

Judul: El Niño Modoki dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Curah Hujan Monsunal di Indonesia
Abstrak: This study aims to investigate El Niño Modoki phenomenon and its influence to the monsoonal rainfall behavior over Indonesia. The study is also intended to identify the differences between the El Nino Modoki and the well-known El Nino events, referred in this study as Conventional El Niño. By using correlation analysis, it is shown that the El Nino Modoki Index, known as EMI, is strongly correlated with SST anomaly index in Nino-4 region. The correlation coefficient value is 0.57, which is higher than the EMI’s correlations with other SST anomaly indices from different Nino regions, i.e. Nino-1.2, Nino-3 and Nino-4. Temporal analysis on both Nino-4 index and EMI by using Power Spectral Density shows a different strength in the temporal cycle of both indices, where Nino-4 data demonstrates a strong 4-5 year interannual cycles, while EMI is dominated by 6–8 years cycles. This is consistent with the result of Wavelet analysis that indicates four years interannual cycles of Nino-4 index and nearly decadal (~10 years) cycles of EMI data. The composite of seven El Nino Modoki events in 1986/87, 1990/91, 1992/93, 1994/95, 2002/2003, 2004/2005, and 2009/2010, generally shows that the El Nino Modoki events indicated by the raise of EMI exceeding its defined threshold usually occurred from July to March. It is shown by clear characteristics of growing phase starting from March or April until January, and continued by decreasing phase around February. Based on the results of regression analysis, the El Nino Modoki strongly influence monsoonal rainfall over Sumbawa Besar, Makassar, and Banjar Baru during both June-July-August (JJA) and September-October-November (SON) periods, over Lampung only during JJA, and Indramayu during SON. The use of EMI which includes information about the SST anomaly around Indonesia led to a significant cross-correlation values between monsoonal rainfall anomaly and EMI with only maximum of one month lag time.
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Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography