Judul: Preferensi dan Kepedulian Konsumen terhadap Keamanan Pangan dalam Membeli Daging Ayam di Sungai Petani, Malaysia
Abstrak: The issue of foodborne disease is increasing in Malaysia nowadays. Malaysia is a developing country and all Malaysians have the right to learn about food safety knowledges in primary school, secondary school, even in the university level. Therefore, Malaysians should be more aware about these knowledges and fully implement in their daily life, especially in the meat quality evaluation. However, the food contamination cases increased rapidly among local citizens. Particularly, in the city of Sungai Petani, a massive food poisoning incident happen before which is related to consumption of chicken meat in a wedding celebration. In total, 65 of wedding participants are admitted to hospital for treatment, while 3 people died from food poisoning. This situation is contributed by Salmonella sp. in chicken meats that served the wedding participants. From this incident, it motivates me to start a survey regarding food safety and behavior of purchasing chicken meats in this city. Hence, I collected 126 samples from three locations in Sungai Petani, which are Taman Ria Jaya morning market, Taman Ria Jaya night market, Tesco (Utara) supermarket with Google form. Besides, online survey had been conducted by using WhatsApp. Before survey, respondents will be informed about purposes of this study, confidentiality of the data provided, topic concerned and approximate duration required for interview. All results obtained from survey are analyzed with IBM SPSS and Microsoft Excel. It can reflect an overall condition of food safety and hygiene knowledge among citizens and identify whether chicken stalls involved are willing to follow the management system from HACCP. The results from SPSS analysis show that education of respondents in Sungai Petani City, Malaysia had significant relationship (P<0,05) with the knowledge on food safety and awareness, while the occupation of respondents had significant relationship (P<0,05) with the choices of chicken meat in their daily life. Majority of respondents (59,5%) preferred to buy instantly-killed chicken meat and approximately 63,5% of them considered price, halal, size of meat and safety factors while buying chicken meat. Most of the chicken meat consumers (73%) from survey look forward to have improvement and transformation of chicken stalls from wet markets and supermarkets to fulfil food safety requirements in future. Increase of knowledge and awareness of consumers and meat handlers should be taken into account in order to improve the food safety and promote public health.
Keyword: chicken meat, food safety, hygiene, food poisoning, morning market, night market, supermarket

Judul: Kasus Salmonellosis Disebabkan Konsumsi Olahan Daging Ayam Di Malaysia
Abstrak: Salmonella spp. is one of the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens. This literature study aims to examine more in depth the factors that support the incidence of Salmonellosis in humans related to the consumption of processed chicken products, based on cases reported in Malaysia. Secondary data of Salmonellosis cases in Malaysia were obtained from several credible articles, journals, books and websites from 2013 to 2016. Based on existing data, Salmonellosis cases occur in consumers who consume food from school canteens provided in large quantities, religious celebrations, weddings and night markets. Salmonellosis cases frequently occur in school children who consume food from the school canteen. Based on the results of the investigation, it was found that the main causes of Salmonellosis include chicken meat contaminated by Salmonella spp. due to cross-contamination of the equipment used, improper storage and cooking methods of chickens, lack of hygienic measures for food processors when processing food, ignorance of food processors regarding hygiene and sanitation, misuse of temperature during food preparation, storage and distribution, violations of hazard analysis and control points critical (HACCP), exposure of food to the environment for a long time, the cooking time is short and the time between cooking and consumption is too long. Providing food safety education and adequate sanitation facilities in school canteens, weddings and night markets is highly recommended to increase food safety from chicken dishes. Keywords: Salmonellosis, chicken meat, Malaysia, chicken dishes, Salmonella spp. is one of the most frequently isolated foodborne pathogens. This literature study aims to examine more in depth the factors that support the incidence of Salmonellosis in humans related to the consumption of processed chicken products, based on cases reported in Malaysia. Secondary data of Salmonellosis cases in Malaysia were obtained from several credible articles, journals, books and websites from 2013 to 2016. Based on existing data, Salmonellosis cases occur in consumers who consume food from school canteens provided in large quantities, religious celebrations, weddings and night markets. Salmonellosis cases frequently occur in school children who consume food from the school canteen. Based on the results of the investigation, it was found that the main causes of Salmonellosis include chicken meat contaminated by Salmonella spp. due to cross-contamination of the equipment used, improper storage and cooking methods of chickens, lack of hygienic measures for food processors when processing food, ignorance of food processors regarding hygiene and sanitation, misuse of temperature during food preparation, storage and distribution, violations of hazard analysis and control points critical (HACCP), exposure of food to the environment for a long time, the cooking time is short and the time between cooking and consumption is too long. Providing food safety education and adequate sanitation facilities in school canteens, weddings and night markets is highly recommended to increase food safety from chicken dishes.
Keyword: Salmonellosis, chicken meat, Malaysia, chicken dishes

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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