Judul: Antibacterial Activity of Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) Rind and Flesh Ethanol Extract
Abstrak: Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati penyakit asma dan dermatitis atopik. Penelitian pada tanaman berenuk telah banyak dilakukan terhadap sampel daun dibanding buah dan belum pernah dilakukan terhadap sampel kulit buah. Tujuan penelitian adalah menentukan aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak etanol kulit dan daging buah berenuk serta menentukan konsentrasi minimum yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. Aureus dan E. coli. Uji antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dengan konsentrasi bakteri 106 CFU/mL. Senyawa aktif pada daging buah meliputi alkaloid dan flavonoid, sedangkan pada kulit buah mengandung alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid. Hasil uji antibakteri menunjukkan tidak adanya zona bening pada semua seri konsentrasi baik pada ekstrak kulit maupun daging buah berenuk terhadap E. coli. Konsentrasi 80% dan 100% pada ekstrak kulit buah menunjukkan adanya hambatan terhadap pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dengan rata-rata diameter 3 mm (80%) dan 4.2 mm (100%). Nilai KHM diperoleh pada konsentrasi 65%.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, alkaloids, antibacterial, berenuk, flavonoids, saponins, Kadar air, Rendemen ekstrak, Senyawa fitokimia, Aktivitas antibakteri, Konsentrasi hambat minimum

Judul: Potensi Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang dan Daun Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) sebagai Antibakteri
Abstrak: Berenuk (Crescentia cujete L.) memiliki berbagai senyawa aktif yang dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif yang terdapat pada ekstrak etanol kulit batang dan daun berenuk, menentukan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri S. aureus dan E. coli, dan konsentrasi hambat minimum (KHM) pada bakteri S. aureus. Senyawa aktif pada kedua ekstrak diidentifikasi dengan uji fitokimia. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan dengan metode difusi cakram dengan konsentrasi bakteri 106 cfu/mL. Penentuan KHM dilakukan dengan metode kontak. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol kulit batang dan daun berenuk mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, tanin, dan steroid. Hasil uji aktivitas antibakteri menunjukkan kedua ekstrak memiliki aktivitas penghambatan yang lebih besar terhadap S. aureus dan menghasilkan zona hambat terbesar pada konsentrasi 100%. Persentase penurunan jumlah koloni bakteri pada kedua ekstrak kurang dari 90% sehingga KHM kedua ekstrak terhadap S. aureus belum dapat ditentukan.
Keyword: antibakteri, berenuk, daun, ekstrak etanol, kulit batang

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm