Judul: Effect of Different Rice Bran Additions in Total Mixed Ration  Silage on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Methane Emission
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas silase total mixed ration (TMR) dengan penambahan dedak padi yang berbeda (asal Indonesia dan Jepang) terhadap karakteristik fermentasi rumen dan emisi gas metan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan, yaitu faktor jenis dedak padi dan proses ensilase. Silase TMR terdiri dari oat hay, jagung, soybean meal, dan dedak padi dari Jepang atau Indonesia. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah silase TMR dengan dedak padi Jepang (TMR 1) dan silase TMR dengan dedak padi Indonesia (TMR 2). Peubah yang diukur adalah komposisi kimia pakan, karakteristik fermentasi rumen, produksi total gas, produksi gas metan, dan volatile fatty acid. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi total gas, gas metan, dan VFA lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dihasilkan oleh silase TMR dengan dedak padi Indonesia dibandingkan dengan dedak padi Jepang. Meskipun proses ensilase menurunkan (P<0,05) produksi total gas untuk silase TMR dengan dedak padi Jepang, namun tidak mempengaruhi produksi gas metan untuk kedua silase TMR. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah dedak padi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk silase TMR karena memilki kualitas fermentasi yang baik. Dedak padi Indonesia memiliki kualitas fermentasi yang baik dibandingkan dengan dedak padi Jepang untuk bahan silase TMR. Kata kunci: dedak padi, emisi gas metan, in vitro, silase TMR, This study aimed to evaluate the quality of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with the addition of different rice bran (Indonesian and Japanese origin) on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane gas emission in vitro. This study was conducted using a factorial completely randomised design with two factors and three replications, namely the factors of rice bran type and ensilage process. TMR silage consisted of oat hay, corn, soybean meal, and rice bran from Japan or Indonesia. The treatments used were TMR silage with Japanese rice bran (TMR 1) and TMR silage with Indonesian rice bran (TMR 2). The measured variables were feed chemical composition, rumen fermentation characteristics, total gas production, methane gas production, and volatile fatty acid. Data were analysed by ANOVA and followed by Tukey's test. The results showed that total gas production, methane gas, and VFA were higher (P<0,05) produced by TMR silage with Indonesian rice bran compared to Japanese rice bran. Although the ensilage process decreased (P<0,05) total gas production for TMR silage with Japanese rice bran, it did not affect methane gas production for both TMR silages. The conclusion of this study is that rice bran can be used as an ingredient for TMR silage because it has good fermentation quality. Indonesian rice bran has good fermentation quality compared to Japanese rice bran for TMR silage material.
Keyword: rice bran, methane gas emission, in vitro, TMR silage

Judul: Utilisasi Silase Jerami Jagung dengan Suplementasi Kulit Matoa terhadap Penurunan Produksi Gas Metan secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jerami jagung dengan suplementasi kulit matoa terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan rumen secara in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan meliputi P0 = 1 kg jerami jagung; P1 = 1 kg jerami jagung + 20% kulit matoa; P2 = 1 kg jerami jagung + 30% kulit matoa; P3 = 1 kg jerami jagung + 40% kulit matoa. Parameter yang diamati yaitu analisis proksimat, gas total, gas metana, pH rumen, volatile fatty acid (VFA), NH3, sintesis protein mikrobial (SPM), kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO), total bakteri, dan populasi protozoa. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan diuji lanjut dengan Uji Duncan menggunakan program SPSS 25. Perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH rumen, kadar NH3, SPM, KcBK, dan KcBO. Namun, berpengaruh nyata pada total produksi gas total, penurunan gas metan, dan konsentrasi VFA. Silase jerami jagung dengan suplementasi kulit matoa efektif menurunkan gas metan, tetapi tidak mempengaruhi fermentabilitas dan kecernaan rumen., This study aimed to analyze the effect of corn straw silage with matoa peel supplementation on fermentability and rumen digestibility in vitro. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 = 1 kg corn straw; P1 = 1 kg corn straw + 20% matoa peel; P2 = 1 kg corn straw + 30% matoa peel; P3 = 1 kg corn straw + 40% matoa peel. Parameters observed were proximate analysis, gas production, methane gas, rumen pH, volatile fatty acid (VFA), NH3, microbial protein synthesis (MPS), dry matter digestibility (DMD), organic matter digestibility (OMD), total bacteria, and protozoa population. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and further tested with Duncan's test using the SPSS 25 program. The treatment had no significant effect on rumen pH, NH3 levels, MPS, DMD, and OMD. However, the treatment had a significant effect on total gas production, methane gas reduction, and VFA concentration. Corn straw silage with matoa peel reduced methane gas but it did not affect on rumen fermentability and digestibility.
Keyword: fermentabilitas, in vitro, jerami jagung, kulit matoa, Metan

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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