Judul: The Performance of Ongole Grade and Local Crossbreed Cattle Fed Concentrate Based Feed after Short Distance Transportation
Abstrak: Peningkatan produktifitas sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dan sapi Silangan Lokal (SL) dapat dilakukan dengan manajemen pemberian pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi performa sapi PO dan SL pasca transportasi jarak dekat. Penelitian ini menggunakan 4 ekor sapi PO jantan dan 4 ekor sapi SL jantan, umur I1-I2 (18-30 bulan). Rataan bobot awal sapi PO dan SL berturut-turut 285 ± 9,14 kg dan 285,5 ± 35,51 kg. Peubah yang diamati adalah kondisi mikroklimat lingkungan, konsumsi bahan kering, konsumsi protein kasar, konsumsi Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN), susut bobot, pertambahan bobot badan harian, konversi pakan, dan bobot akhir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai THI selama proses pemeliharaan ternak mengalami stres ringan (THI = 76,96 ± 3,36). Proses transportasi jarak dekat menghasilkan susut bobot sapi PO dan sapi SL berturut-turut 2,15±1,3% dan -1,11±1,3% dengan waktu recovery selama 10 hari. Selanjutnya konsumsi protein kasar, TDN, susut bobot, PBBH, konversi, dan bobot akhir adalah sama, sedangkan konsumsi ransum dan BK untuk sapi PO nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan sapi SL (P<0,05). Rataan konsumsi ransum pada sapi PO dan SL berturut-turut 15,79 ± 1,95 dan 12,4 ± 1,34 kg hari-1 dan konsumsi BK berturut-turut 6,9 ± 0,82 dan 5,81 ± 0,3 kg hari-1., Productivity of Ongole Grade (PO) and Local Crossbreed (SL) cattle could be optimized by feeding management. This study aimed to examine the production performance of PO and SL cattle fed concentrate after short period of transportation. This study used 4 heads of PO cattle bull and 4 heads of SL cattle bull with an average age of I1-I2 (18-30 months). The average body weight of PO and SL cattle were 285 ± 9,14 kg dan 285,5 ± 35,51 kg respectively. The parameters observed comprised microclimate, intake of dry matter, crude protein, Total Digestible Nutrient (TDN), weight loss, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion, and final weight. The results showed that cattle was on mild stress condition according to the THI value (THI = 76,96 ± 3,36). Short period of transportation result weight loss of PO and SL cattle were 2,15 ± 1,3% and -1,11 ± 1,3% with recovery time of 10 days. Whereas, crude protein intake, TDN, weight loss, ADG, feed conversion, and final weight for both treatments were similar. Furthermore, feed consumption and dry matter intake of PO bull was significantly higher than SL bull (P<0,05). Average feed consumption of PO and SL bull were 15,79 ± 1,95 and 12,4 ± 1,34 kg day-1 and DMI were 6,9 ± 0,82 and 5,81 ± 0,3 kg day-1.
Keyword: commercial concentrate, performance of livestock, PO cattle, SL cattle

Judul: Physiological Response, Behavior and Performance of Ongole Grade and Local Crossbreed Cattle on Short Distance Transportation
Abstrak: Transportasi merupakan elemen penting dalam rantai industri sapi pedaging. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi respon fisiologis, tingkah laku dan performa Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Sapi Silangan Lokal selama rekodisi pada proses transportasi jarak dekat. Penelitian ini menggunakan Sapi Peranakan Ongole (PO) dan Silangan Lokal Jantan masing-masing 8 ekor dengan umur I1-I2 (18-30 bulan). Rataan bobot badan Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Silangan Lokal berturut-turut adalah 291,5±23,5 kg dan 289,0±26,4 kg. Peubah yang diamati meliputi kondisi mikroklimat lingkungan, respon fisiologis, tingkah laku dan performa ternak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan nilai THI, sapi mengalami stres panas sedang selama transportasi dan stres panas ringan selama rekondisi. Respon fisiologis dan penyusutan bobot badan Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Silangan Lokal adalah sama. Tingkah laku dominan saat proses pemuatan (loading) dan penurunan (unloading) adalah adalah tergelincir yaitu masing-masing sebesar 30,8% dan 32,7%. Rataan penyusutan bobot badan Sapi Peranakan Ongole 7,0±4,0 kg (2,5%) dan Sapi Silangan Lokal 9,3±5,3 kg (3,1%). Selanjutnya lama rekondisi Sapi Peranakan Ongole dan Silangan Lokal sama yaitu selama 10 hari., Transportation is an important element in beef industry. This study aims to evaluate the physiological response, behavior and performance during recondition period of Ongole and Local Crosbreed Cattle in short distance transportation. This study used 8 Ongole Crossbreed and 8 Local Crossbreed Cattle bull with average age of I1-I2 (18-30 months). The average body weight of Ongole and Local Crossbreed Cattle were 291,5±23,5 kg and 289,0±26,3 kg respectively. The parameters observed were environmental microclimate conditions, physiological responses, behavior and performance of cattle. The results of THI showed that cattle was on medium heat stress during transportation and mild heat stress during recovery time. Physiological response and body weight loss of Ongole grade and Local Crossbreed Cattle were similar. The dominant behavior during loading and unloading process was slips, which were 30,8% and 32,7% respectively. Average body weight loss of Ongole grade and local crosbreed were 7,0±6,8 kg (2,5%) and 9,3±5,3 kg (3,1%). Furthermore, length of recovery time of Ongole and Local Crosbreed Cattle was similar for ten days.
Keyword: respon fisiologis, sapi peranakan ongole, sapi silangan lokal, tingkah laku, transportasi

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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