Judul: Pemanfaatan Hijauan di Lahan Irigasi di Desa Cihideung Udik, Cibitung Tengah, dan Situ Udik, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Irrigation dike which overgrow with a variety of vegetation potentially as forage source, but still underutilized by farmers. The aim of this research was to evaluate how much irrigation area that is potential for forage source and mapping potential forage source at Cihideung Udik, Cibitung Tengah, and Situ Udik village. This research used geographic information system mapping, botanical composition, vegetation analysis, and capacity improvement of ruminant livestock population. The result of botanical composition showed that Wedelia montana var pilosa H., Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf., and Panicum repens L. occupies the main peringkat. The vegetation analysis showed that Wedelia montana is the dominant plant. The conclusion of this research was irrigation area at Cihideung Udik, Cibitung Tengah, and Situ Udik village have forage potential to be used by farmers. The two forages that dominate these villages are Panicum repens L. and Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf..
Keyword: irrigation, geographic information system, forage potential, botanical composition

Judul: Pemanfaatan Hijauan di Pematang Sawah di Desa Cihideung Udik, Cibitung Tengah, dan Situ Udik, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Dike in is considerable as forage potency. Forage growing around the dike in has been used by farmers, depend on people who sickling in the dike in. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of forage in dike in as forage source and potency local forage mapping also to evaluate the dike in changes. This study used botanical composition analysis, vegetation analysis, capacity improvement of ruminant livestock population, and area mapping. The results of botanical composition showed that Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn., Ageratum conyzoides L., and Axonopus compressus (Sw.) P. Beauv. were the top three. The conclusion of the research conducted in the dike in at Cihideung Udik, Cibitung Tengah, and Situ Udik village are Brachiaria mutica (Forsk.) Stapf., Pennisetum purpureum Schumaker., and Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. are potential as forages source.
Keyword: dike in, forage potential, geographic information system, botanical composition

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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