Judul: Analisis Perdagangan Lada Hitam Indonesia di Pasar Internasional
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis permintaan impor lada hitam Indonesiq di pasar internasional, penawaran ekspor lada hitam Indonesia, dan kebijaksanaan alternatif dalam rangka meningkatkan ekspor lada hitam Indonesia.
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Judul: Analisis penawaran dan permintaan lada putih Indonesia di pasar internasional
Abstrak: Lada merupakan salah satu komoditi ekspor di sub sektor perkebunan yang memberikan kontribusi bagi devisa Indonesia. Disamping itu tanaman lada juga dapat menyediakan lapangan kerja, bahan baku industri dalam negeri dan konsumsi langsung sehingga tanaman lada sangat berperan dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Indonesia termasuk salah satu negara produsen lada terbesar di dunia. Ekspor lada Indonesia di pasar dunia adalah dalam bentuk lada hitam dan lada putih. Namun demikian, lada putih memiliki nilai ekspor yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan lada hitam. Perkembangan lada putih Indonesia di pasar internasional seringkali dihadapkan pada permasalahan volume ekspor dan harga yang terus berfluktuasi. Negara pengimpor lada dari Indonesia cenderung menerapkan persyaratan mutu produk yang sangat ketat. Lada putih Indonesia di pasar internasional juga dihadapkan pada masalah persaingan diantara negara produsen.
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Judul: Heterologous Expression Of Endo-Β-Xylanase From Bacillus Pumilus Strain Bcrs-01 In Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolase family 11 which depolymerise xylan in the plant cell wall, the most excessive form of hemicellulose. Endo-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are most important to breakdown β-1,4-glicoside bond of xylan to produce disaccaride xyloolygosaccaride (XOs) and xylose (monomer). Bovine rumen fluids have potential to obtain endo-β-xylanase produced of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to obtain xylanase producing bacteria and to express xynA gene encoding endo-β-xylanase from bacterium in Escherichia coli. Twenty nine isolate bacteria have been succesfully isolated from bovine rumen fluid in agar medium containing birchwood xylan. Isolate BCRS-01 bacterium was previously screened for the high production of xylanase. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BCRS-01 showed high similarity (99%) to Bacillus pumilus (accession number NR043241). The crude xylanase had optimal activity at 55oC, pH 7.0. Furthermore, the crude xylanase exhibited broad pH stability from 4.0 to 10.0 and remained more than 60% and 40% of its activity after incubation at pH 4.0 until 10.0, respectively for 60 min. It also showed a stability at temperature 25-50oC since it retained 80% and 50% of its activity when incubated at 50oC or 30 and 60 min, respectively. The xylanase activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Cu2+ at concentration 10 mM, and as little as 1 mM for Mn2+. Therefore, this xylanase has potentially used as additive feeds in animal feed industry. The DNA sequence xynA gene encoded endo-β-xylanase was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET-15by under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant protein had succesfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A protein recombinant of approximately, 26.7 kDa was observed on the SDS-PAGE analysis. Crude extract of recombinant endo-β-xylanase demonstrated activity of enzyme at 56 U mL-1 using birchwood xylan as a substrate at 55oC for 10 min.
Keyword: Bacillus pumilus, bovine rumen fluid, endo-β-xylanase, heterologous expression.