Judul: Analysis of Rural Area Development in Karawang Regency, West Java Province
Abstrak: Tujuan pembangunan kawasan perdesaan diantaranya adalah upaya untuk melanjutkan dan memperluas pembangunan fasilitas-fasilitas pelayanan yang dapat memenuhi kebutuhan dasar masyarakat. Tersedianya fasilitas-fasilitas pelayanan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan taraf hidup masyarakat. Aksesbilitas yang mudah menjadikan pergerakan perekonomian lebih baik. Kabupaten Karawang yang merupakan sentra pangan, juga sebagai lumbung padi nasional ke-3. Urbanisasi menyebabkan Kabupaten Karawang melakukan ekspansi perkotaan serta menarik investor baik dalam negeri maupun luar negeri untuk berinvestasi pada industri. Namun, pertumbuhan perkotaan yang cukup cepat tidak sertamerta Kabupaten Karawang mengalami penurunan tingkat kemiskinan secara memadai, khususnya di perdesaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengetahui status perkembangan kawasan perdesaan di Kabupaten Karawang. Jawa Barat; (2) Mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan kawasan perdesaan di Kabupaten Karawang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Skalogram untuk mengetahui status perkembangan kawasan perdesaan di Kabupaten Karawang dan Regresi Linier Berganda yang digunakan untuk mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi perkembangan kawasan perdesaan di Kabupaten Karawang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa status perkembangan kawasan perdesaan di Kabupaten Karawang terdapat III hirarki. Hirarki I merupakan kawasan perdesaan yang memiliki kemudahan aksesbilitas dan kelengkapan terhadap jumlah jenis fasilitas fisik tinggi sehingga dapat dikatakan sebagai sentra fasilitas pelayanan. Hirarki I tersebar pada 25 desa-desa di Kabupaten Karawang. Hirarki II menunjukkan aksesbilitas dan ketersediaan fasilitas fisik cukup untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pelayanan dasar masyarakatnya. Sebaran hirarki II ada di 83 desa. Hirarki III menujukkan bahwa aksesbilitas dan fasilitas fisik kurang lengkap dibandingkan hirarki I dan II sehingga hirarki III menjadi hirarki yang terbelakang. Sebaran hirarki III berada di 205 desa. Kemudahan mencapai sarana ekonomi, rumah tangga miskin, ketersedian fasilitas olahraga, dan kelembagaan masyarakat desa berpengaruh signifikan positif terhadap perkembangan desa. Namun jumlah keluarga pengguna listrik, peningkatan peran masyarakat, dan warnet (warung internet) cenderung berpengaruh negatif terhadap perkembangan desa. Kesenjangan akses listrik masyarakat terjadi dikarenakan ketersediaan pasokan listrik dari perusahaan PLN (Perusahaan Listrik Milik Negara) masih kurang memadai dan tidak merata. Buruknya distribusi akses pada listrik berdampak buruk pada produktivitas masyarakat. Masyarakat perdesaan Kabupaten Karawang umumnya merupakan pekerja di bidang pertanian, kesenjangan sumber penghasilan utama masyarakat menjadikan masih minimnya kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kemiskinan membuat masyarakat tidak mampu untuk meningkatkan tarap hidupnya, tidak mampu untuk mengakses pendidikan, meningkatkan ketrampilan (skill), dan mempertahankan atau meningkatkan tingkat kesehatannya. Diperlukan perbaikan dan pembaruan pendekatan proses partisipasi masyarakat agar lebih berkualitas dalam mendorong pembangunan perdesaan. Untuk meningkatkan kemanfaatan akses informasi berbasis internet, peran warnet (warung internet) harus ditinjau kembali. Warnet seharusnya berperan mempermudah memasarkan atau menyebar luaskan informasi terkait potensi-potensi sumberdaya desanya sehingga meningkatkan produktifitas masyarakar dan perkembangan desa.
Keyword: Hirarki perkembangan desa, Skalogram, Status Perkembangan desa

Judul: Perkembangan Fisik Perkotaan Kabupaten Karawang dan Purwakarta sebagai Wilayah Koridor Jakarta-Bandung Mega-Urban Region
Abstrak: Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan areas in Indonesia are areas that have a very high regional attractiveness because the infrastructure and public facilities are more developed and adequate than other areas. The attractiveness of this area leads to the phenomenon of urban expansion and an increase in built-up areas rapidly caused by the process of urbanization and suburbanization. The urbanization and suburbanization processes that occur in the Jakarta-Bandung area have affected the surrounding areas, such as Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies, resulting in increased population growth and built-up areas in the two regencies. The increasing population and various activities in an area will encourage the addition number and types of public facilities due to the increasing need for both regional infrastructure and facilities so that urban physical developments occur. The increase in the rate of urban physical development of this area will lead to an increase in land-use change, especially on vegetated lands to become built-up lands due to the massive development of regional infrastructure, both regional infrastructure and facilities. This research has an objective to 1) identify the changes of built-up and paddy fields Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies based on existing and future conditions; 2) determine the level of service facilities and its spatial distribution pattern in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies in 2003 and 2018; 3) determine the spatial variation of the factors driving the urban physical development in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies and 4) directions to the Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies Local Governments regarding urban physical development trends that occur. The type of data used in this research is secondary data in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies such as administrative maps in 2010, Landsat image maps in 2005, 2010, and 2018, population data, road network data, and village potential data in the year 2003 and 2018. Then the secondary data were analyzed using the spatial analysis approach and CA-Markov modeling to answer objective number 1; scalogram analysis, global & local moran’s index analysis to answer objective number 2; geographically weighted regression analysis to answer objective number 3 and clustering analysis also descriptive analysis to answer objective number 4. Urban physical developments that occur in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies continue to experience an increase characterized by a large increase in the area of built-up LULC in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies which predominantly occurred in the area around the connecting accessibility route between Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan areas. This increase in the area of built-up LULC also led to a decrease or shrinkage in the area of paddy fields LULC most of which was converted to built-up LULC. The Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCC) trend in the period 2005-2018 has led to a continuous increase in built-up LULC in the future as a result of LULC projections in 2031. The village development index in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies also has the same trend as the LULCC trend, which has a high value or more developed in the area around the connecting accessibility route between Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan areas. The spatial autocorrelation distribution pattern of the village
Keyword: built-up, paddy fields, public facility, urban expansion

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity