Judul: The Use of Lemuru Fish Oil as Palm Oil Substitution in Ration on Broiler Performance
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebagai pengganti minyak kelapa sawit dalam ransum terhadap performa ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 ekor day old chick (DOC) broiler strain Ross yang dibagi dalam 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan P0 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 3% dan minyak ikan lemuru 0%, P1 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 2% dan minyak ikan lemuru 1%, P2 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 1% dan minyak ikan lemuru 2%, P3 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 0% dan minyak ikan lemuru 3%. Peubah yang diukur adalah konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, mortalitas, dan income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC). Data penelitian dianalisis varian (ANOVA), hasil yang signifikan (P<0,05) diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan (P<0,05) dalam menurunkan konversi pakan periode starter dengan taraf penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru yang lebih tinggi, meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan dan menurunkan konversi pakan periode finisher dengan taraf penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru yang lebih rendah, namun tidak berpengaruh siginfikan (P>0,05) terhadap performa ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 35 hari. Simpulan penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 3% dapat memperbaiki efisiensi pakan periode starter, namun perbedaan imbangan minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 3% dalam ransum tidak berpengaruh terhadap performa ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 35 hari., The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of lemuru fish oil as palm oil substitution in ration on broiler performance. This research used 200 Ross broilers day old chick (DOC) is divided into 4 treatments and 5 replications. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD), where the treatments level of palm oil and lemuru fish oil were respectively P0 = rations containing 3% palm oil and 0% lemuru fish oil, P1 = rations containing 2% palm oil and 1% lemuru fish oil, P2 = rations containing 1% palm oil and 2% lemuru fish oil, P3 = rations containing 0% palm oil and 3% lemuru fish oil. The variables observed were feed intake, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, and income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significant result (P<0,05) were followed by Duncan test. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) in decreasing FCR in the starter period with a higher level of use of lemuru fish oil, increasing body weight gain and decreasing FCR in the finisher period with a lower level of use of lemuru fish oil, but the treatments did not significantly effect (P>0.05) on performance broiler during the age of 35 days. The conclusion of this study was the use of 3% lemuru fish oil can improve FCR in the starter phase, but the different level of palm oil and lemuru fish oil until 3 % in broiler rations does not affect on broiler performance during the age of 35 days.
Keyword: ayam broiler, minyak ikan lemuru, minyak kelapa sawit, performa

Judul: Carcass Composition and Chemical Composition of Broiler Meat Containing Lemuru Fish Oil and Palm Oil in Feed
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh antara minyak sawit dan pakan minyak ikan lemuru di dalam pakan terhadap komposisi karkas dan komposisi kimia daging ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 ekor ayam broiler yang dipelihara sejak DOC. Ayam dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri atas P0 = ransum mengandung 3% minyak sawit + 0% minyak ikan lemuru, P1 = ransum mengandung 2% minyak sawit + 1% minyak ikan lemuru, P2 = ransum mengandung 1% minyak sawit + 2% minyak ikan lemuru, P3 = ransum mengandung 0% minyak sawit + 3% minyak ikan lemuru. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 2 fase, yaitu fase starter (0-18 hari) dan grower (19-35 hari). Peubah yang diuji adalah komposisi karkas, potongan komersial, rasio daging tulang, serta komposisi kimia daging. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan ANOVA, jika berbeda nyata dilakukan uji Duncan. Perlakuan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 3% memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0.05) menurunkan komposisi karkas, namun meningkatkan persentase paha atas. Penggunaan pakan minyak ikan lemuru sampai dengan taraf 2% dengan minyak sawit 1% lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pakan kontrol terhadap komposisi karkas dan komposisi kimia daging., This research aimed to analyze the effect of palm oil and lemuru fish oil in the feed on the carcass composition and chemical composition of broiler meat. This research used 200 broilers that were reared from DOC. Chickens were divided into 4 treatment groups and 5 replicates. The treatments consisted of P0 = ration containing 3% palm oil + 0% lemuru fish oil, P1 = ration containing 2% palm oil + 1% lemuru fish oil, P2 = ration containing 1% palm oil + 2% lemuru fish oil, P3 = ration containing 0% palm oil + 3% lemuru fish oil. Each treatment consisted of 2 phases, starter (0-18 days) and grower (19-35 days). The variables tested were carcass composition, abdominal fat, commercial cuts, bone meat rasio, and the chemical composition of meat. The data were analyzed using ANOVA, if significantly different were followed by Duncan test. Lemuru fish oil treatment as much as 3% had a significant effect (P<0.05) in reducing carcass composition, but increasing the percentage of thighs. The use of lemuru fish oil feed up to 2% with 1% palm oil was more effective than control feed on carcass composition and chemical composition of meat.
Keyword: broiler, carcass composition, chemical composition, lemuru fish oil, palm oil

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: