Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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Judul: Analisis Kekerabatan Genetik Labi-Labi Bengkulu (Pelochelys cantorii) Berdasarkan Gen 12S rRNA Pada Mitokondria
Abstrak: Pelochelys cantorii merupakan salah satu spesies kura-kura air tawar besar yang dikenal dengan labi-labi raksasa asia dari famili Trionichidae dan ordo Testudines. Pelochelys cantorii dilaporkan telah mengalami penurunan populasi disebabkan adanya eksploitasi berlebih, fragmentasi habitat dan juga sering tertangkap tidak sengaja oleh nelayan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memastikan spesies Pelochelys cantorii yang tertangkap di Bengkulu menggunakan gen 12S rRNA dan menganalisis posisi filogenetiknya dengan beberapa spesies kura-kura yang lain. Sampel DNA diekstraksi dari darah 2 ekor labi-labi (P1 dan P2) yang tertangkap di Bengkulu. Ruas gen 12S rRNA diamplifikasi dengan mesin PCR kemudian runutan nukleotidanya disekuensing. Hasil sekuensing gen 12S rRNA sampel P1 dan P2 masing-masing 959 bp dan 901 bp, dan setelah dilakukan alignment dengan beberapa spesies kura-kura yang lain diperoleh panjang DNA sebesar 950 bp (ada gap). Hasil alignment menunjukkan bahwa jarak genetik terhadap P. cantorii dengan NC015825 sebesar 0.007 dan 0.012 masing-masing P1 dan P2. Hasil rekontruksi pohon filogeni dengan metode Neighbour Joining menempatkan Pelochelys dalam satu klad dengan labi-labi raksasa yang lain, yaitu Chitra indica., Pelochelys cantorii is one of large freshwater turtle species known as the Asian giant turtle from the Trionichidae family and the order of Testudines. Pelochelys cantorii has been reported of experienced a decrease number of population caused by large exploitations, habitat fragmentation, and also unplanned caught by fisherman. The result of this study is to analyze the pelochelys cantorii using 12S rRNA and the filogenetic position with other turtles species. The DNA samples were extracted from 2 tutles (P1 and P2) that caught in Bengkulu. The 12S rRNA gene segment was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced the nucleotides materials. The results for each samples are 959 bp for P1 and 901 bp for P2, after aligning them with several turtles species, the DNA length was 950 bp (gap). The alignment results show that the genetic distance to P. cantorii with NC015825 is 0.007 and 0.012 respectively P1 and P2. The rescontruction of phylogenetic tree were using Neighbour Joining method by placing the Pelochelys into one clad with the giant turtle, named Chitra indica.
Keyword: 12S rRNA gene, Pelochelys cantorii, genetic kinship

Judul: Produksi Alkohol oleh Saccharomyces ellipsoides dengan Tetes Tebu (Molase) sebagai Bahan Baku Utama
Abstrak: Penggunaan etanol sebagai bahan kimia dewasa ini cukup luas, antara lain untuk keperluan kosmetik, obat-obatan, bahan pelarut, bahan bakar, bahan pengawet dan untuk pembuatan bahan kimia lain, seperti asam asetat, aseton, eter, dan lain-lain. Penggunaan etanol dalam skala industri dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat sesuai dengan penggunaannya.
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