Judul: Effect of feeding time on physiological response of Fries Holland heifer fed with three levels of TDN of concentrate containing coconut oil
Abstrak: One of the greatest challenges to production facing dairy farmers in Indonesia is heat stress. Climatic conditions in Indonesia are such that the warm (or hot) is all year, there is intense solar radiant for an extended period of time, and there is generally the presence of high relative humidity. Thus heat stress is chronic in nature, there is often little relief from the heat during the evening hours, and intense bursts of combined high ambient temperature and humidity further depress performance. Some researchs have been done in Indonesia showed that physical modification of the environment (shading, cooling) and improved nutritional management practices are management strategies to minimize the effects of heat stress. However, the management strategies to minimizing of the heat stress have not been fully examined. The objective of the present study is to evaluate physiological responses of dairy heifer to feeding time when fed concentrate differences in TDN content. Six dairy heifers were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatments: two feeding times (5 am/6 pm or 8 am/4 pm) of concentrate with 70% or 75% of concentrate unsupplemented or supplemented with 3.5% coconut oil, in each of 6 periods of 14 d each in a 6 x6 Latin square design. The environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, temperature humidity index, radiation, and wind velocity) and animals responses (heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature, rectal temperature, and skin temperature, feed consumption rate, chewing rate, and average daily gain) were then measured. The environmental condition were measured daily at 1 h intervals from 5 am to 8 pm. The animals responses were measured at the 4th, 8th, 12nd, 14th Keyword: physiological responses, coconut oil, feeding time, TDN day of each periode at 1 h intervals from 5 am to 8 pm. Tukey’s test, contras orthogonal analysis, and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis among treatments. The results show that physiological responses were significantly lower on cattle which fed at 5 am & 6 pm than 8 am & 4 pm also for cattle which fed concentrates contained 3.5% coconut oil than not containing that with the same TDN (75%). Chewing velocity was higher on cattle fed concentrate containing 3.5% coconut oil than without coconut oil. Average daily gain were higher on cattle fed at 5 am & 6 pm than 8 am & 4 pm or fed with concentrate containing 3.5% coconut oil than without coconut oil. The conclusion is heat stress of dairy heifer could be reduced with managing feeding time and feeding with easily digestible nutrient.
Keyword: 

Judul: Upper critical temperature of Fries Holland heifers based on physiological responseses for feeding management using Artificial Neural Network simulation.
Abstrak: The management strategy was carried out by predicting the heifer critical temperature determination based on physiological response on feeding management trough ANN simulation. The purpose of this research was to determined the critical temperature for FH heifer based on physiological response with on different feeding time which was fed concentrate that contains different TDN. The objective of the present study is to evaluate physiological responses of dairy heifer to feeding time when fed concentrate differences in TDN content. Six dairy heifers were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatments: two feeding times (5 am/6 pm or 8 am/4 pm) of concentrate with 70 % or 75 % of concentrate unsupplemented or supplemented with 3.5 % coconut oil, in each of 6 periods of 14 d each in 6 x 6 Latin square design. The environmental conditions (air temperature, relatitive humidity, temperature humidity index, radiation, and wind velocity) and animals responses (rectal temperature, skin temperature, body temperature, heart rate, respiration rate, feed consumption, feed comsumption rate, chewing rate, and average daily gain) were then measured. The environmental condition were measured daily at 1 h intervals from 5 am to 8 pm. The animals responses were measured at the 4th, 8th, 12th, 14th, day of each periode at 1 h intervals from 5 am to 8pm, Tukey’s test and LSD were used for statististical analysis among treatments. The heifer critical temperature determination with physiological response indicator on feeding management was simulated by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) analysis. Artificial Neural Network (ANN) simulation for industrial engineering is used to define critical temperature of Fries Holland (FH) heifer based on physiological responses on models to predict rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate, using ambient temperature and humidity inputs. The research was conducted using six dairy cattle in Bogor and Jakarta. The heifers were fed 6 am and 3 pm daily. The environmental condition (Ta, Rh, THI, and Va) and physiological responses (rectal temperature, skin temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate) were then measured for 14 days in two months at 1 h intervals started from 5 am to 8 pm. By using this ANN simulation. The critical temperature for FH heifer were defined, from rectal temperature at Ta 26 0C and Rh 86 % at Bogor, and at Ta 26 0C and Rh 88 % at Jakarta, from skin temperature at Ta 31 0C and Rh 86 % at Bogor, and at Ta 32.5 0C and Rh 88 % at Jakarta, from heart rate at Ta 24.5 0C and Rh 78 % at Bogor, and at Ta 23.5 0C and Rh 88 % in Jakarta, from respiratory rate at Ta 22.5 0C and Rh 78 % at Bogor, and Ta 23.5 0C and Rh 78 % at Jakarta. The result of this research was physiological response was lower in FH heifers which was fed at 05.00 am and 06.00 pm compared to the heifers which was fed at 08.00 am and 04.00 pm. The critical temperature on FH heifer was increased on heifers which was fed at 05.00 am and 06.00 pm
Keyword: ANN, coconut oil, feeding time, high critical temperature, physiological responses, coconut oil, TDN

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf