Judul: Pra – Perlakuan Air Sungai sebagai Air Baku dengan Teknologi Fixed Bed Reactor
Abstrak: Quality of raw water (river water) is decreasing, as result of industrial and domestic wastes discharge into river without any treatment. Therefore, pre-treatment is needed to improve the raw water quality. An alternative for pre-treatment of the raw water is fixed bed reactor (FBR) system, in which organic substances can be removed biologically.In this experiment, an FBR was used to reduce concentrations of organic, ammonia, total suspended solid (TSS), color and turbidity in raw water. Three type of media were used namely honeycomb tube type made of plastic,recycled plastic bottled of drinking water and pumice. The system is equipped with circulator and aerator to support the microorganism growth on the media surface as biofilms.The experiments were conducted at HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) between 1–4 hours. HRT of 3 hours was found to be optimum for the reactor with recycled plastic bottled of drinking water with removal efficiency of organic, ammonia, total suspended solid (TSS), color and turbidity are 70%, 61%, 66%, 67% and 63% respectively. With the use of fixed bed reactor is able to reduce the need of PAC to 0.07 mL and save production cost on WTP Cihideung for Rp90 720 000.00 /month.
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Judul: Peningkatan Kualitas Air Baku Perusahaan Air Minum dengan Proses Biofiltrasi Menggunakan Media Plastik Tipe Sarang Tawon:
Abstrak: In big cities, quality of raw water (source: river water) are decreased, as result of industrial and domestic waste water are discharged to river, without any treatment. Existing concentrations of organic, ammonia and detergent of raw water of PDAM TKR Tangerang respectively are 19.2 mg/l, 3.8 mg/l, and 0.9 mg/l, which are above threshold limit value of raw water for drinking water. A biofiltration process is use as one alternative to reduce concentrations of organic, ammonia, detergent and total suspended solid (TSS) in raw water. In this treatment, biofilter reactor is use with plastic of Honeycomb tube type as media. Operational condition of treatment is variation of HRT (Hidrolisis Retention Time) between 1–4 hours and air supply between 0–30 l/min. The selected operational condition of treatment found at HRT of 2 hours and air supply of 20 l/min, with removal efficiency of concentration of organic, ammonia, detergent and TSS are 68%, 65%, 64% and 74% respectively. From this experiment, it was found that linear regression equations between removal efficiency and organic loading as yo = -5.98xo + 81.16, between removal efficiency and ammonia loading as ya = -91.19xa + 77,12, linear regression equation between removal efficiency and detergent loading as yd = -301.25xd + 71.53, linear regression equation between removal efficiency and TSS loading as yt= -0.84xt + 83.26.
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Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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