Judul: The path of sustainable groups of small islands at Kapoposan Area Management
Abstrak: Potensi sumber daya pulau-pulau kecil di Kawasan Kapoposan yang meliputi Pulau Kapoposan, Gondongbali, Pamanggangan, Suranti, Tambakulu, dan Papandangan adalah: (1) daya dukung ekologi berupa sebaran terumbu karang (coral reef), mangrove, padang lamun, hamparan pasir putih dan kualitas perairan yang bersih; (2) daya dukung sosial budaya berupa kesadaran lingkungan masyarakat yang tercermin dalam kehidupan sehari-hari dengan menghindari aktivitas-aktivitas yang destruktif; dan (3) daya dukung ekonomi berupa keanekaragaman hayati yang sangat tinggi, sehingga dapat menjadi sumber plasma nuftah serta objek wisata bahari bernilai ekonomis sangat tinggi. Alternatif pengelolaan Kawasan Kapoposan yang sesuai dengan para pemangku kebijakan adalah pengembangan kegiatan wisata bahari berbasis konservasi, karena diyakini aktivitas dimaksud memiliki efek ganda (multiplier effect) bagi peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat, pelestarian lingkungan, serta merupakan aktivitas yang memenuhi segenap kriteria pembangunan berkelanjutan, yaitu bahwa pengelolaan pulau-pulau kecil harus memenuhi segenap kriteria ekonomi: efisien dan optimal (economically sound), sosialbudaya berkeadilan dan dapat diterima (socio-culturally acepted and just), dan ekologis tidak melampaui daya dukung lingkungan (enviromentally friendly). Mengingat karakteristik pulau-pulau kecil maka pengembangan kegiatan wisata bahari pulau-pulau kecil di Kawasan Kapoposan yang berkelanjutan adalah pola exlusive tourism. Pola dimaksud lebih disarankan karena merupakan pengembangan kegiatan wisata minat khusus/wisata spesifik (exclusive tourism) sebagai kegiatan utama, dan bukan sekedar wisata umum/kegiatan rekreasi (mass tourism). Pola ini lebih menekankan pendekatan konsep yield spending (besarnya nilai pengeluaran wisatawan dalam satu kali wisatawan tersebut melakukan perjalanan), daripada menitik beratkan kepada banyaknya wisatawan (mass traveller).
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Judul: Optimasi Pemanfaatan Pulau-Pulau Kecil Berbasis Daya Dukung Bagi Peruntukan Wisata (Kasus Gugus Pulau Sapeken Kecamatan Sapeken Kabupaten Sumenep)
Abstrak: Sustainable tourism development in Sapeken archiplego designed with characteristic area and carrying capacity. Based on this fact, the objectives of this research are 1) determine socio ecological system in Sapeken archipelago; 2) arrange suitability area for tourism in Sapeken archipelago; 3) estimate tourism sustainability by calculate area potential to optimize resource utilization; 4) Optimizing Sapeken archipelago used for tourism. Analyze status of socio-ecological systems are using SES methods; suitability of area for tourism were analyzed using matrix tourism suitability; tourism carrying capacity estimated using the carrying capacity utilization (DDP) and touristic ecological footprint (TEF) approaches; and tourism optimizing utilization using emergy analysis. Results showed: 1) the status of socio-ecological systems in Sapeken archipelago can provide ecosystem services for ecotourism development; 2) Sapeken archipelago according suitability level of tourism has suitable categorie (S) which are to dive tourism (164.42 ha), snorkeling tourism (361.56 ha), mangrove tourism (3927.09 ha) and beach tourism (3.89 ha), 3) The development of ecotourism in Sapeken archipelago are sustainable (DDP> EF), and 4) Long term sustainability tourism in Sapeken archiplego (ESI = 10) will be achieved by input addition as 4,35 x 1022 - 6.4 x 1024 sej / year.
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Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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