Judul: Performance and Characteristic Analysis of Liquid Glass Cleaner Product With Three Different Formulations
Abstrak: Commercial liquid glass cleaners contain linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) surfactants derived from petroleum that are not renewable. The surfactant that can replace LAS is methyl ester sulfonate (MES) from palm oil, which is environmentally friendly. Ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH) can clean mold on glass. This research aims to determine the characteristics and performance of 3 different formulations of liquid glass cleaner and determine the best formulation and its comparison to commercial products. The manufacture of liquid glass cleaner products, namely water, was heated to 60 oC, then MES was added and left for 15 minutes. Then 1 mL of surfactant diethanolamide (DEA) was added and waited until homogeneous (±15 minutes). Then add 0.3 g of triclosan and wait until it dissolves (±15 minutes). The solution was then cooled, then 5 mL of bioethanol and NH4OH were added. Liquid glass cleaners are transparent, smells of ammonia, liquid, homogeneous, have no sediment, pH 10.5-10.8, viscosity 1.42-1.48 cP, specific gravity 0.995-0.997, surface tension 34.2-34.4 mN/m, moderate-strong microbial inhibition, and stable. The best product quality based on the characteristics and performance based on the hedonic test was the formulation of MES 3% and NH4OH 0.8%. The liquid glass cleaner has better quality on microbial inhibition. Commercial products have better quality in viscosity and surface tension. Both products have standard pH and specific gravity.
Keyword: liquid glass cleaner, MES, NH4OH, palm oil, surfactant

Judul: Pengaruh Asap Cair dari Proses Pirolisis Tempurung Kelapa terhadap Sabun Cair Cuci Tangan Berbasis Surfaktan Sawit
Abstrak: Penggunaan sabun cair cuci tangan berbahan antibakteri sintetik seperti triclosan sudah mulai dihindari, oleh sebab itu perlu dicari alternatif antibakteri yang aman untuk kulit dan ramah bagi lingkungan. Salah satu alternatif antibakteri yang ramah lingkungan adalah asap cair hasil proses pirolisis dari tempurung kelapa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan konsentrasi asap cair yang tepat untuk sabun cair cuci tangan berbahan surfaktan MES dan gliserol sawit. Tahapan penelitian yang dilakukan adalah analisis bahan baku, formulasi sabun cair (surfaktan metil ester sulfonat 7,5%, surfaktan dietanolamida 5%, gliserol sawit 9%, natrium klorida 1%, asap cair grade I, dan air distilasi). Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penambahan asap cair grade I sejumlah 1, 3, dan 5%. Selanjutnya dilakukan analisis terhadap sifat fisiko-kimia terhadap produk sabun cair yang dihasilkan, uji mutu dilakukan berdasarkan SNI 2588 : 2017, dan uji kinerja produk. Sabun cair dengan penambahan asap cair 1% menunjukkan hasil terbaik dengan nilai densitas 1,037 g/cm3, berat jenis 1,04, viskositas 11.560 cP, tegangan permukaan 29,08 dyne/cm, pH 7,2, asam lemak bebas 0,27%, bahan tidak larut dalam etanol 0,14%, total bahan aktif 12,52%, jumlah pelat 990 CFU/g, reduksi koloni 61,13%, dan aroma paling tidak menyengat., The use of synthetic antibacterial liquid hand soap such as triclosan has begun to be avoided. Therefore it is necessary to find an antibacterial alternative that is safe for the skin and friendly to the environment. One of the environmentally friendly antibacterial alternatives is liquid smoke resulting from the pyrolysis process from coconut shells. The purpose of this study was to obtain the right concentration of liquid smoke for liquid hand soap made from palm MES surfactants and glycerol. The stages of the research were raw material analysis, liquid soap formulation (surfactant methyl ester sulfonate 7.5%, surfactant diethanolamine 5%, palm glycerol 9%, sodium chloride 1%, liquid smoke grade I, and distilled water). The treatments in this study were the addition of 1, 3, and 5% grade I liquid smoke. The next stage is an analysis of the physicochemical properties of the resulting liquid hand soap product, quality test was carried out based on SNI 2588: 2017, and product performance test. Liquid soap with the addition of 1% liquid smoke showed the best results with density value of 1.037 g/cm3, specific gravity 1.04, viscosity 11,560 cP, surface tension 29.08 dyne/cm, pH 7.2, free fatty acids 0.27%, ingredients insoluble in ethanol 0.14%, the total active ingredient is 12.52%, the number of plates is 990 CFU/g, the colony reduction is 61.13%, and has the minimal pungent aroma.
Keyword: coconut shell liquid smoke, MES, liquid soap, palm oil, surfactant

Judul: Beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi ruang dada kancil
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan 10 ekor kancil dewasa jantan dan betina dengan tujuan untuk menge- tahui beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi di dalam ruang dada, meliputi jantung, pembuluh darah yang keluar dan ma- suk jantung serta ukuran-ukuran jantung. Kancil merupakan ruminansia terkecil di dunia, hidup di daerah tropika India, Thailand, Malaysia dan Indonesia bagian barat. Hewan ini dilindungi dan mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk hewan penelitian maupun dibudidayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat jantung rаta-rata adalah 0.69% dari berat rata-rata kancil. Dan ini mirip pada jantung kuda dan anjing. Bentuk jantung lonjong seperti halnya ruminansia. Demikian pula letaknya di dalam ruang dada seperti pada ruminansia dengan adanya Ligamentum sternopericardiacum. Di dalam ventrikel kanan membersit sebuah Musculus (M.) papillaris dari dindingnya dan tiga sampai empat Musculi (Mm.) papillares dari Septum interventriculare. Hanya dua buah Mm. papillares yang berukuran besar dibersitkan dari dinding ventrikel kiri. Percabangan Arteri (A.) coronaria sinistra lebih dominan dari pada A. coronaria dextra. Sedangkan A. sub clavia sinistra dicabangkan langsung dari aorta di dorso- caudal pembersitan Truncus (Tr.) brachiocephalicus…
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