Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: KHV has made mass mortality in koi and common carp, and spread out to many countries. In Indonesia, KHV has caused outbreaks of mass mortality in many provinces, and cause economic losses and significant social matter. The aim of this research are to recognize and to analyze genetic variation of KHV that infects Cyprinus-carpio and to recognize its biogeographic distribution in Indonesia as well as to recognize and to analyze tissues pathological changes which infected by KHV. In this research, the fish that have been used are koi and common carp which suspected infected by KHV according to the clinical symptoms derived from 20 provinces in Indonesia. In every fish sample was taken its gill to PCR examination and then was done sequencing DNA (for KHV positive samples), for histopathology and immunohistochemistry examination, the organs that were taken: gill, kidney, spleen, intestine or digestive tract, liver, heart, and brain. Based on the results of sequencing DNA KHV and phylogenetic tree construction that has been made, there are 17 variants from 18 samples KHV positive was found. Those variants can be grouped into two clusters the main branch which consisted of group 1 includes variants KHV from South Kalimantan, Lampung, West Papua, West Kalimantan, West Java, Bali, East Nusa Tenggara. Then group II consists of KHV variants from North Sumatra, West Kalimantan, West Nusa Tenggara, Riau, East Kalimantan, and DKI Jakarta. Related to the infections of KHV variants on koi and common carp, pathological changes were found in such organs (gill, spleen, kidney, intestine and digestive tract, liver, heart, and brain). Pathological changes in gill organ was found proliferation of epithelial cells and fusion of secondary lamella, hypertrophy epithelial cells of gill lamella, telangiectasis, the inclusion body, edema, proliferation of hyaline layer and fibrosis at the base of the gills. Spleen pathological change was found infiltration of inflammatory cells or lymphocytes, appeared MMC, hemorrhage, congestion, and edema. Kidney pathological change was found hemorrhage, proliferation of cells in the interstitial, MMC, thickening of the tubule, inflammation of the glomerulus, the inclusion body, congestion, edema, fibrosis, necrosis of the glomerular. Intestine and digestive tract was found hemorrhage, enteritis, proliferation, goblet cells, fusion of the villi, deposit enterolit on gastric, congestion, edema, and necrosis in krypta. Liver pathological change was found hydropic degeneration, perivascular cuffing, congestion, and fibrosis. Heart pathological change was found infiltration of inflammatory cells or lymphocytes in the endocardium, hemorrhage, epicarditis, pericarditis, myocarditis, vacuolization, congestion, edema, fibrosis, and necrosis.
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Judul: Pengaruh Cekaman Suhu terhadap Penyakit Koi Herpes Virus (KHV) pada Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio koi)
Abstrak: Koi fish are susceptible to Koi Herpes Virus Disease (KHVD). The disease is caused by the Koi herpesvirus, and mortality rate up to 80-95% within 2 weeks after infection. Koi herpesvirus is included in the virus that is hexagonal with a diameter of 100 nm. This study aims to determine the effect of temperature stress on the ability of Koi herpesvirus infects KHV free Koi fish and know the nature of transmission. Isolation and identification of Koi herpesvirus originate from the gills of Koi fish organs by the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using PCR-KIT IQ2000TM. In this research, there were 8 fish groups of research, including the 6 fish group of test fish and two control test. The fish were injected with a virus suspension 10% as much as Koi herpesvirus 0.1 ml in intra peritoneal. For 14 days, seven of the first group as a fish's treatment of extreme temperatures at night 18-19 0C and 30-31 0C during the day. The 8th group of fish without control treatment temperature extremes. In a sequence group, the number of fish that were positive of KHVD were 5/5, 7/10, 5/5, 8/10, 0/5, 0/10, 4/5 and 0/5. KHV isolates with codes D143, D144 and M628 extremely virulent KHV isolates and not in the code D139. Stressed fish more susceptible to KHVinfection and KHV-infected fish easily transmit the koi herpesvirus in healthy fish or cohabitation by contamination of water in the aquarium and / or direct contact.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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