Judul: Design conservation of seagrass for sustainability of fish resources in the Tanjung Luar, East Lombok
Abstrak: Seagrass ecosystem has a vital role in the marine environment as a habitat for marine biota, primary productivity, regulate the trophic level of species and populations and gas regulations for the balance of CO2 and O2 through the photosynthesis of mechanism. The purpose of this study is to analysis the ecology of seagrass (seagrass conditions, threat of damage to seagrass, the abundance and diversity of fish species), the social aspect (local ecological knowledge and community values local knowledge). Data was collected by survey and observations. Data analysis was conducted descriptively to explain the condition, potential threats and sources of damage to the seagrass and regression models was used to explain the number of species and aossociation of fish to seagrass. These results indicate the condition of seagrass at the study site in the category of normal, the number of seagrass species was nine species of the total area of 154.21 ha of the seagrass and seagrass community types was a mixed type. Type and number of fish species obtained from 42 families comprising 118 species and 16 049 individuals. The most fish appropriate regression model to explain the number of species and individual fish associated with seagrass is quadratic and exponential models. Fish species diversity is the highest in Gili Maringkik (2.942) and the lowest is in Gili Kere (2.448). Seagrass damage parameters can be seen from the status of marine species such as the scarcity of fish, sea cucumbers, shrimp and molluscs as well as the number of damaged seagrass biomass/day by the community. Ecological communities have sufficient knowledge to know seagrass species as well as the function of the environmental and economic benefits to society and have the local knowledge that is relevant to the conservation namely awiq-awiq. The conclusion of the study is the management of the seagrass beds to the sustainability of fish can be done through seagrass conservation strategy with the zoning system through : (1) integrate the existence of ecology as an instrument in the management and the conservation design, (2) accommodate the ecological knowledge and indigenous communities and (3) zoning can be made in the management of the core zone in the seagrass zone the Gili Kere and sustainable fisheries in the seagrass beds in other locations.
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Judul: Asosiasi ikan dengan padang lamun di perairan karang lebar, kepulauan seribu, Jakarta
Abstrak: Seagrass is a complex aquatic ecosystem in trophics area with high productivity and biodiversity. This ecosystem play role of physics, chemistry, and biology. Biologically, seagrass used as spawning, feeding, and nursery ground for aquatic biota, especially fish. Seagrass is part of the coastal region where there are many human activities, such as coastal development, overfishing, boat traffic, and sand mining. One of the seagrass areas with high human activity around is Karang Lebar shallow waters, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta. Types of data taken in this research is primary data, including environmental parameters, condition of seagrass and fishes that live in it. Fishes caught by gill net with mesh size from 0.5 – 3 cm. Sampling conducted in day and night, started from March until May 2011 with the arrest period twice a month. Observations were made at three stations of seagrass beds with different covering conditions (healthy, less healthy, and poor). Sorensen similarity index, constancy index, and fidelity index were used to determine the relationship of fish associated with seagrasses. In addition, it also used statistical tests such as Pearson correlation, biplot analysis, and Two Way ANOVA as a tool to test the truth of descriptive analysis results based on the facts as represented by data. Three seagrass species found in the observation area include Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, and Halophila ovalis. The highest cover obtained from Cymodocea rotundata. Value of total cover ranged between 26.5 % - 82.13 %. The highest INP of the species obtained from Cymodocea rotundata, indicate that these organisms have a great influence to the ecosystem. Fish were caught consist of 37 species and 22 genera. Total abundance was found in all three observation stations for 2287 individuals (healthy seagrass), 547 individuals (less healthy seagrass), and 889 individuals (poor seagrass). Pre-adult fish dominate at each station. While the most commonly species found are Hypoatherina temmincki, Gerres oyena, and Scolopsis lineatus. The catch composition on day and night differ in terms of abundance, type and size of the species. Adult fish were more common at night, although abundance in day were more than in the night. Based on size and species composition, healthy seagrass and less healthy seagrass functioning as nursery ground and feeding ground, while poor seagrass tend to play a role as feeding ground, especially for carnivorous fish. Change of the diversity and dominance value in the day and night allegedly due to the activity or movement of fish, which is not a permanent resident in seagrass. Referring Tomascik et al. (1997), permanent resident fish found in the observation area is Apogon margaritiphorus. Based on Sorensen similarity index, the fishes were divided into six groups of species. Constancy index ranging from 0-1, while fidelity index ranges from 0-3. Group of species 1 has a high preference on healthy and poor seagrasses, and low preference in unhealthy seagrasses. Healthy seagrass also preferred by group 6, which include Apogon kallopterus, Apogon margaritiphorus, Hemirhapus far, Chrysiptera hemicyanea, and Syngnathoides biaculeatus. Groups of species that have a high preference towards less healthy habitat is group 4, with Stethojulis balteata, and Chaetodon
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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