Judul: Noise Intensity Based on Engines Age of Payang Vessel at  the Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fisheries Port
Abstrak: Kapal payang yang menggunakan mesin motor tempel 40 PK sebanyak 39 unit. Mesin motor tempel tersebut merupakan sumber kebisingan utama di kapal payang. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi intensitas kebisingan mesin motor tempel pada berbagai rentang umur mesin dan pola perawatan mesin kapal payang di PPN Palabuhanratu dan memetakan distribusi intensitas kebisingan. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan membandingkan dengan Nilai Ambang Batas (NAB). Sampel kapal yang digunakan sebanyak 4 unit dengan umur mesin, 1 tahun, 6 tahun, 15 tahun, dan 20 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai intensitas kebisingan pada saat kondisi stasioner sebesar 59.2-77.5 dB(A) dan pada saat kondisi full rpm sebesar 70.3-104 dB(A). Nilai intensitas kebisingan tersebut dipengaruhi oleh pola perawatan mesin akan tetapi tidak dipengaruhi oleh umur mesin. Paparan intensitas kebisingan pada kapten kapal dan ABK berbeda. Hal ini dipengaruhi oleh rpm mesin pada saat stasioner dan full rpm. Kapten kapal dan ABK yang berada di buritan menerima paparan intensitas kebisingan di atas Nilai Ambang batas (NAB) sedangkan ABK yang berada di haluan menerima paparan intensitas kebisingan di bawah NAB. Pemilik kapal dan nelayan harus meningkatkan kepedulian terhadap pola perawatan mesin. Kata kunci: kapal payang, kebisingan, NAB, motor tempel, PPN Palabuhanratu, Payang vessel that uses 40 PK outboard engine is as many as 39 units. The outboard engine is the main source of noise on the payang vessel. Purposes of this study were to identify the noise intensity of outboard engines across various engine ages of paying vessels in Palabuhanratu and their maintenance patterns and mapp the distribution of noise intensity. Data were analysed using descriptive analysis including comparison to Threshold Value (NAB). Samples were collected from 4 vessels with various engine age i.e. 1 year, 6 years, 15 years, and 20 years. The results showed that noise intensity at idle mode was 59.2-77.5 dB(A) and at full rpm mode was 70.3-104 dB(A). The noise intensity was influenced by the maintenance pattern of the engine but was not affected by its age. Exposure to noise on skipper and crew is different. This is influenced by different rpm when the engine was set at stationary and full rpm modes. Skipper and crew who sit in the stern area received noise exposure above the threshold while the ones siting at the bow area receive noise exposure below the threshold. Vessel owners and fishermen should raise concerns about engine maintenance patterns. Keywords: payang vessel, Noise, NAB, outboard engine, PPN Palabuhanratu
Keyword: payang vessel, Noise, NAB, outboard engine, PPN Palabuhanratu

Judul: Tingkat Kebisingan pada Kapal Penangkap Ikan (Studi kasus pada Modern Boat Liftnet KM Omega Jaya di Pulau Ampel Serang, Banten)
Abstrak: KM Omega Jaya is a fishing vessel which is classified as Modern Boat Liftnet. The purposes of this research were to identify the sources of noise on vessel in fishing gear, to describe the pattern of noise distribution on vessel, and to define TLV (Threshold Limit Values) comply with Kep-51/MEN/1999. The result showed that KM Omega Jaya had two sources of noise, main engine and generator which produced noise for four hours and six hours respectively. The average of noise level which was produced by main engine was 91,19 dB(A), while generator was 93,85 dB(A). The pattern of noise distribution from two sources showed that the noise was divided into six colour areas; red (98dB-106dB), orange (94dB-98dB), yellow (90dB-94dB), green (84dB-90dB), blue (74dB-84dB), and purple (70dB-74dB). The characteristic of noise pattern which was produced by two sources are similar. Based on Decree of the Minister of Labour No. Kep-51/MEN/1999, the recommended TLV for noise on KM Omega Jaya was 84,25 dB. However, there were only 10,34% (when the main engine turned on) and 9,9% (when the generator turned on) of deck area which had safe noise level.
Keyword: Engine, TLV, noise

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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