Judul: Financial Development and Income Inequality: Empirical Study in European Union and ASEAN+6 countries
Abstrak: High economic growth is needed to drive the economy, opening up more job opportunities and to attract investment. But economic growth alone is not enough to ensure that all communities get benefit from economic development. Some Asian countries such as South Korea, China, India and Indonesia experienced high economic growth but at the same time income inequality in these countries also rises. Income inequality increases in both developing and developed countries. High income inequalities bring negative impacts such as slower economic growth, rising unemployment and social problems. With the fact that income inequality increased globally and its negative impact on the economy, a strategy required to reduce it. One strategy that can boost economic growth while reducing the income inequality is financial development. Globalization gives us opportunity as well as threat. This encourages countries to establish economic integration in order to strengthen their position in the world. Countries in Southeast Asia also establish an organization known as the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN). The cooperation extended trough Japan, China, South Korea, New Zealand, Australia, and India, as ASEAN +6. Globalization and regional economic integration is expected to promote economic development, including financial development through increased competition and access to the banking financial services. Various studies have shown a strong correlation between economic growth and financial development. In relation to the distribution of income, financial development influence individual economic opportunity. However, there is still a debate about the role of financial development in reducing income inequality related to who benefits most from financial development. Debate on the relationship between income inequality and financial development raises urgent questions for decision-makers about the role of government to improve the financial development that supports growth and reduces inequality, while maintaining economic and financial stability. Financial development in the framework of regional economic integration also requires the right government regulations related to financial openness. Policy should be adapted to the situation of the domestic economy as well as adaptable to other countries' policies. Therefore this study aimed to analyze the dynamics of the development of the financial sector and the income gap between developed countries and developing in the region that is economically integrated ASEAN +6 and the European Union. This study will also analyze the convergence of income inequality in the countries in the two regions. This study used data for the period 1991-2010 from 30 countries including 11 ASEAN +6 countries and 19 EU countries. These countries are Indonesia, Singapore, Malaysia, Philippines, Thailand, Japan, China, South Korea, India, New Zealand, Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, Germany, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Switzerland, the UK, Sweden, Hungary, Poland and Romania. Descriptive analysis is used to provide an overview of financial development in the ASEAN +6 and the European Union. While the panel data regression analysis is used to examine the pattern of the relationship between income inequality and financial development and the degree of convergence of income inequality in the European Union and ASEAN +6. The result suggest there were convergence in income inequality with the convergence of income inequality in
Keyword: financial development, income inequality, economic integration

Judul: Analysis the Effect of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth in Asia
Abstrak: Inklusi keuangan telah dijadikan sebagai salah satu 9 pilar utama dalam agenda pembangunan global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Asia pada tahun 2009-2018. Inklusi keuangan dihitung menggunakan Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI), sedangkan pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dianalisis melalui metode data panel statis Fixed Effect Model. Analisis IFI menunjukkan bahwa negara berpendapatan tinggi dikategorikan High Financial Inclusion, menengah atas dikategorikan Middle Financial Inclusion dan menengah bawah sebagai Low Financial Inclusion. Hasil panel statis menunjukkan inklusi keuangan dan layanan seluler berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, baik seluruh Asia maupun berdasarkan tingkatan pendapatan negaranya. Keterbukaan perdagangan berpengaruh negatif pada tingkatan pendapatan menengah kebawah. FDI hanya berpengaruh negatif pada keseluruhan Asia. Pembentukan modal berpengaruh positif pada seluruh tingkatan pendapatan, kecuali pendapatan tinggi. Populasi pada negara pendapatan tinggi berpengaruh positif, sedangkan menengah atas signifikan berpengaruh negatif. Kualitas institusi memiliki pengaruh yang positif di indikator yang berbeda-beda pada tingkat pendapatannya. Negara berpendapaatan rendah perlu meningkatkan aspek penetrasi melalui sosialisasi secara insentif, penyediaan layanan jasa keuangan yang mudah dijangkau, dan pemanfaatan inovasi layanan keuangan seperti mobile banking., Financial inclusion has become one of the 9 main pillars in the global development agenda. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth Asia in 2009-2018. Financial inclusion is calculated using the Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI), while the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth is analyzed by static panel data Fixed Effect Model. The results shows that high-income countries are categorized as High Financial Inclusion, the upper middle class as Middle Financial Inclusion and the lower middle class as Low Financial Inclusion. Meanwhile, Financial inclusion and cellular services have a positive effect on economic growth. Trade openness has a negative effect on the lower middle income. FDI has a negative effect on the whole of Asia. Capital formation has a positive effect on all income levels, except for high incomes. The population in high-income countries has a positive effect, while the upper middle class has a negative effect. Institutional quality has a positive effect on different indicators of income levels. Low-income countries need to increase the penetration aspect through incentive socialization, providing easy-to-reach financial services, and utilizing financial service innovations such as mobile banking.
Keyword: Asia, FEM, Inklusi Keuangan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth

Judul: Sintesis Superkonduktor YBCO dengan Metode Evaporasi dan Karakterisasinya
Abstrak: Telah berhasil dibuat pelet superkonduktor YBCO-123 dengan metode evaporasi dengan menghasilkan Tc = 100 K. Sintesis dilakukan dengan mencampur garam-garam nitrat Y(NO3)2, Ba(NO3), Cu(NO3)2 di dalam pelarut H2O pada suhu 150 oC. Setelah melalui proses pirolisis pada 350 oC selama 1 jam, prekursor dikalsinasi pada 900 oC selama 4 jam kemudian serbuk dikompaksi dengan tekanan hidrolik 5 ton untuk membentuk pelet dengan diameter 1,5 cm dan tebal 0,24 mm. Sintering dilakukan pada suhu 940 oC selama 20 jam. Efek meissner menunjukkan fenomena levitasi pada temperatur sekitar 80 K. Hal ini menunjukkan fasa superkonduktor telah terbentuk. Data XRD memberi mengkonfirmasi bahwa fasa kristal 123 telah terbentuk. Nilai konduktivitas didapat dari hasil pengukuran dengan LCR pada temperatur 300 K sebesar 4 x 10-5 S/cm. Pada penurunan temperatur dari 100 K ke 80 K terjadi kenaikan nilai konduktansi yang tajam dari 4.2 x 10-4 S/cm ke nilai 1.309 x 10-1 S/cm.
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