Judul: Assessment on Heavy Metals (Hg, Cd, and Pb) Contamination in Kapuas Estuary Waters, West Kalimantan
Abstrak: Various activities of the communities along the Kapuas River in West Kalimantan, such as domestic, transportation, harbor, and industries have an impact on the environment through waste water. Illegal gold mining in the upstream region also contributed to the decline in the quality of the Kapuas River. The existence of toxic metal in water and sediment could threaten the environmental health of the Kapuas Estuary through the process of bioaccumulation and biomagnification in the food chain, and threatens the sustainability of marine fishery products eventually. The availability of accurate data on the condition of the waters of the Kapuas Estuary is absolutely necessary. This is particularly useful in formulating strategic and anticipatory policies for the management of the marine environment and natural resources in the coastal areas of West Kalimantan. This study aims to determine the concentration and distribution of Hg, Cd, and Pb in the Kapuas Estuary as information for integrated management of the coastal marine environment in West Kalimantan. This research was conducted in April and September 2011 in the Kapuas River and coastal waters of the Kapuas Estuary with 20 sampling stations. Analysis of dissolved Hg refers to SNI 19-6964.2-2003, whereas analysis of dissolved Cd and Pb refers to Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater 3111C. Analysis of Hg in sediments and TSS refers to US EPA 245.5 methods, whereas analysis of Cd and Pb in sediments and TSS refers to US EPA method 3050B. Analysis of Hg in fish tissue was based on the AOAC Official Method, whereas analysis of Cd and Pb refers to ASEAN Canada CPMS II. Physico-chemical characteristics of water such as salinity, pH, dissolved oxygen, temperature, TSS concentration and sediment characteristics (grain size and organic matter content) were also measured to determine the condition of the waters at the time of sampling. Physico-chemical characteristics of the Kapuas Estuary is characterized by a range of salinity between 0-31 psu. pH values varied between 3.24-5.11 in the Kapuas River, and 5.82-8.21 in coastal areas. Temperatures in the Kapuas River basin ranged from 28.4-30.0 °C, while in coastal areas varied between 21.1-32.2 oC. Dissolved oxygen concentration in the Kapuas River basin ranged from 4.74-5.60 mg l-1, while in coastal areas ranged from 4.5-6.8 mg l-1. Total suspended solids (TSS) had variation of the concentration between 56.90-107.80 mg l-1 in the Kapuas River, and 16.50-230 mg l-1 in the coastal areas. Dissolved Hg concentrations in the Kapuas River basin ranged from 0.05 -0.49 mg l-1, while in coastal areas ranged from <0.001-0.80 mg l-1. Hg concentrations in TSS in the Kapuas River basin ranged from 1.00-2.59 mg kg-1 dry weight, while in coastal areas varied between 0.20-4.01 mg kg-1 dry weight. Dissolved Cd concentrations ranged from 0.05-0.63 mg l-1 in the Kapuas River, and <0.001-0.73 mg l-1 in the coastal areas. Cd concentrations in TSS in the Kapuas River basin ranged from 21.66-69.33 mg kg-1 dry weight, while in coastal areas varied between 3.18-85.37 mg kg-1 dry weight. The concentration of dissolved Pb in the Kapuas River basin ranged between 2.15-3.44 mg l-1, while in
Keyword: pollution, heavy metals, water, sediment, fish, Kapuas Estuary

Judul: Analisis Status Pencemaran Logam Berat Pb, Cd dan Cu di Perairan Teluk Kupang Nusa Tenggara Timur
Abstrak: Heavy metal is a chemical compound which is latterly considered to contaminant in the waters and could be dangerous to the organisms and would give indirect effect to the human health. The research was conducted at Kupang Bay NTT. It is aimed to provide the existing knowledge on the heavy metals concentration (Pb, Cd and Cu) in the sea water, sediment and the tissues of Anadara granosa. The samples were analysed using AAS (Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry) based on the Standart National Indonesia (SNI). In order to know the significant level between the parameters, the data were analysed using a sample regression. Comparing the heavy metals concentration in the different comparment (water, sediment and organism) was noted Pb concentration in the sea water was about 0,0045 mg/L, Cd 0,0006 mg/L, and Cu 00050 mg/L, whereas in the sediment Pb 1.9358 mg/kg, Cd 0,0118 mg/kg, and Cu 1,3542 mg/kg. In addition, the heavy metals concentration of Pb in the gill was about 2,9683 mg/kg, Cd 0,1215 mg/kg and Cu 3,1657 mg/kg. Pb concentration in the hepatopankreas was about 3,4032 mg/kg, Cd 0,1380 mg/kg and Cu 3,1667 mg/kg. Pb concentration in the muscles was about 2,3133 mg/kg, Cd 00887 mg/kg and Cu 2.0320 mg/kg, where Pb heavy metal fuluilled not of quality standart. These results analysed of regression and correlation showed that the concentration of heavy metals Pb, Cd and Cu which hand relation that is between heavy metals in the sedimen with cockle organ, while as the correlation between heavy metals concentration in the water with in the sediment and between heavy metal the concentration in the water and cockle organ relation weakness and varied.
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix