Judul: Asupan Air Dan Status Hidrasi Pada Wanita Dewasa Muda Saat Puasa Ramadan
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian adalah menganalisis asupan air dan status hidrasi pada wanita dewasa muda yang menjalankan puasa. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan desain cross sectional. Jumlah subjek dalam penelitian sebanyak 50 wanita dewasa muda (20-29 tahun). Penelitian menggunakan data primer dengan cara wawancara dan uji urinalisa laboratorium. Status hidrasi ditetapkan berdasarkan berat jenis urin (dehidrasi ≥1.020 g/mL). Pengumpulan data konsumsi serta gejala dehidrasi dilakukan selama tiga hari dan status hidrasi selama dua hari pada pertengahan Ramadan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan total asupan air pada subjek sebesar 2042.90±452.61 mL/hari dengan tingkat asupan air 91% berdasarkan kebutuhan air metode NRC. Subjek lebih menyukai air putih untuk dikonsumsi sebesar 1209.72±395.78 mL/hari. Subjek yang mengalami dehidrasi sebanyak 48% di siang hari (12.00-13.00 WIB) dan meningkat menjadi 84% di sore hari (16.00-17.00 WIB). Gejala dehidrasi yang dirasakan subjek secara dominan terjadi berupa bibir kering di sore hari (82%). Hasil uji korelasi menunjukan asupan air dan status hidrasi berhubungan negatif signifikan (r= - 0.334, p<0.05).
Keyword: asupan air, dehidrasi, dewasa, puasa Ramadan, status hidrasi

Judul: Asupan air dan status hidrasi pada wanita dewasa muda saat puasa dan setelah puasa Ramadhan
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan asupan air dan status hidrasi pada wanita dewasa muda saat berpuasa Ramadhan dan setelah puasa Ramadhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cohort prospective study dan melibatkan 49 subyek wanita berusia 20-29 tahun. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi urin serta asupan makanan dan minuman. Urin dikumpulkan siang dan sore hari. Kebutuhan air ditentukan berdasarkan kebutuhan energi (KE) dan luas permukaan tubuh (LPT). Kebutuhan energi didapatkan melalui penghitungan pengeluaran energi total. Status hidrasi ditentukan berdasarkan berat jenis urin (dehidrasi ≥ 1.015 g/cm3 atau ≥ 1.020 g/cm3). Tingkat asupan air saat berpuasa yaitu 93.48% dan 94.16%, saat tidak puasa yaitu 107.37% dan 108.15% masing-masing berdasarkan KE dan LPT. Ada perbedaan nyata antara tingkat asupan air saat berpuasa dan tidak berpuasa (p<0.05). Rata-rata berat jenis urin (BJU) sore lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata daripada siang hari saat puasa dan tidak puasa. Persentase responden dehidrasi saat puasa lebih rendah dan berbeda nyata antara siang dan sore hari, namun pada saat tidak puasa tidak berbeda nyata (p>0.05).
Keyword: asupan air, puasa Ramadhan, status hidrasi, tingkat kecukupan air, berat jenis urin

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm