Judul: A Model for environment control of sustainable new town development. (case study: new town development of Bumi Serpong Damai
Abstrak: Development of new town is expected to solve such problems as migration reduction to large cities, regional economic development, etc., but the reality does not correspond to the objectives. Environment is one of impacts that are not examined carefully when new town was planned and developed. The objective of the study is to formulate a model of environmental control over of new town development, in order to achieve its sustainability objective. A case study of the research was conducted in a new town Bumi Serpong Damai (BSD) in Banten Province, Indonesia. The study has analyzed the quality of air and water and then comparing both with a standardized environment quality, has analyzed sustainability of BSD using multidimensional scaling (MDS) tools, has formulated key parameters using Prospective tools, has developed an environment control model using system dynamics tools, and then has formulated prioritized policies. The study has revealed that water and land around BSD area is contaminated with organic waste such as BOD and COD, while the atmosphere contains toxic gas such as CO, SOx, NOx, ozon (O3) and TSP. Using the MDS tools for sustainability analysis, it has been revealed that BSD city is categorized as less sustainable (46,75), less than 50 points. In both aspects as ecology (42,22) and social culture (26,49) BSD city is categorized not sustainable. Only in such aspects as infrastructure and technology (52,20), economy (53,17) and law and institutions (59,95) are closed to be categorized sustainable. The Prospective tools has identified 22 leverage factors be considered for BSD city to achieve its sustainability, 5 of which have been identified as key parameters, including (1) air pollution, (2) availability of sewerage system facilities, (3) transportation facilities, (4) environment institution, and (5) road infrastructure. The system dynamics and the forum group discussion have formulated a model of environmental control over new town development consisting of sub models for environment, social, and economy. Among four alternative scenarios formulated, the realistic one to be implemented is the third scenario, consisting of such actions as 5% annual increase on development of sewerage system facilities, gas emission control for vehicles, restriction on vehicle age, improvement of road infrastructure capacity, 20% increase on upgrading of deteriorated road, extension of road infrastructure, population control, and policies on urbanization. Recommended policies to achieve its sustainability include the use of clean production technology, sewerage system facilities, road network development, adequate public transportation, admiration toward indigenous local culture, and development of appropriate institutions.
Keyword: new town development, quality of water and air, sewerage system facilities, Bumi Serpong Damai

Judul: Model of water pollution control on Surabaya River Region
Abstrak: The Surabaya River plays an important role as water supply of the Surabaya PDAM, irrigation, industry, transportation, and means of recreation. However, domestic, industrial, and agricultural waste that were discharged into the river stream polluted the Surabaya River and decreased the carrying capacity and assimilative capacity. Therefore, effort to monitor and control the Surabaya River water pollution need to be well organized and implemented. The aim of the research is to develop a model of water pollution control on Surabaya River region. The research was conducted in five steps, i.e. (1) determine the existing condition of physical and chemical parameters, (2) determine the load pollution and level of pollution, (3) determine the priority of reduction activities of loading pollution and technology control, (4) build dynamics model of water pollution control, and (5) formulate policies or scenarios of water pollution control of the Surabaya River. The research was carried out based on field survey, in situ and laboratory sample examination, questionnaire, and expert judgement. The loading pollution was determined by rapid assessment. The STORET method and pollution index were used to determine the water quality status and level of water pollution. Analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and comparative performance index (CPI) were used to determine the priority of reduction activities and technology control. Pollution control model developed in this study was built into three sub-models, namely: (1) ecology sub-model, (2) social sub-model, and (3) economy sub-model using powersim constructor 2.5 version. Pollution control scenarios were developed using prospective analysis. The results of water pollution parameters such as total suspended solid (TSS), dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), nitrite (N-NO2 Keywords: pollution control, prospective analysis, surabaya river, system approach ), and the level of mercury (Hg) were higher than the allowable class 1 standard. The sources of Surabaya River pollution mainly are domestic and industrial waste with total load of BOD, COD, and TSS are 55.49, 132.58, and 210.13 ton/day, respectively. According to water quality status, the Surabaya River is categorized as heavy polluted and the loading pollution need to be decreased. Simple management and efficiency are mainly criteria for reduction activities of loading pollution with determining water class as top alternative following with illumination and calculated the carrying capacity toward water pollution load. The wastewater garden, filtration, screening, and biofilter are priority of technology control in sequence. By using prospective analysis, there were five important factors that affect the future of the Surabaya River water pollution control, i.e.: (1) population growth and community awareness, (2) community perception, (3) implementation of regulations, (4) commitment/local government support, and (5) system and institutional capacity. There are three development scenarios, that are pessimistic, moderate and optimistic. The moderate and optimistic scenario are the realistic scenarios that occur in the future for Surabaya River water pollution control in considering of ecology, social and economy aspects.
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Judul: Kimiawi imunoglobulin G serta perbedaabbya antara berbagi species hewan
Abstrak: Antibodi adalah molekul protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel plasma sebagai akibat interaksi antara limfosit B peka antigen dengan antigen khusus. Antibodi ini disebut juga imunoglobulin karena molekulnya berbentuk globulin. Jadi imunoglobulin merupakan molekul protein yang membawa akti- vitas antibodi, yaitu sifat kombinasi spesifik dengan zat yang mendatangkan formasi antigen. Diantara kelas imunoglobulin, Ig G adalah yang paling melimpah dalam serum darah. Ig G ini memainkan peran utama dalam mekanisme pertahanan. Ig G merupakan struktur glikoprotein dengan dasar bentuk bangunan diagram tetrapolipeptida yang mengandung 4 ran tai polipeptida dengan 2 rantai berat (H) yang identik dan 2 rantai ringan L) yang identik. Rantai polipeptida ini di bentuk oleh rangkaian asam amino. Tiap rantai berat (H) me ngandung 446 residu asam amino dengam BM (2 x 50.000) Dal ton dan tiap rantai ringan (L) mengandung residu asam amino 213() atau 214 () dengan BM (2 x 25.000) Dalton. Bagian variabel dari rantai berat (VH) mengandung 118 residu asam amino dan bagian variabel rantai ringan (VL) mengandung 108 () atau 109 () residu, sedangkan residu sisanya dari masing-masing rantai adalah bagian konstan (CH dan CL). Adanya perbedaan-perbedaan dalam hal asam amino pada salah satu daerah variabel dapat menyebabkan perbedaan imun respon. ...
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