Judul: Kendali Mutu Daun Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Menggunakan Pengolahan Citra dan Teknik Pengenalan Pola secara Kemometrik
Abstrak: Quality of medical plants affects the quality of medicine products. To keep the quality and safety of medicines analysis on quality control is needed. This work aims to use the spectral imaging as a method to quality control of sambiloto leaves with various qualities based on age of plant and combined with pattern recognition techniques (PCA and PLSDA). Thin layer chromatography analysis showed different quality of active compounds in sambiloto at age 1, 2, and 3 months. The best standard model and polynomial using Wiener estimation was 97 colours and 46 herbal images and polynomial of order 2. Root mean square error (RMSE) and goodness of fit coefficient values were of 15.21% and 0.8079, respectively. PCA model gave PC1 98% and PC2 1%. PLSDA analysis gave 3 models, namely 1 month (R2 calibration= 0.8640, R2 prediction= 0.8514, RMSE of calibration (RMSEC)= 0.1693, RMSE of prediction (RMSEP)= 0.1821), 2 month (R2 calibration= 0.7570, R2 prediction= 0.7092, RMSEC= 0.2429, RMSEP= 0.2612), and 3 month (R2 calibration= 0.8167, R2 prediction= 0.7958, RMSEC= 0.1929, RMSEP= 0.2070).
Keyword: spectral imaging, sambiloto, quality control, PLSDA, PCA

Judul: Quality Control of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Using Portable Photometer and Pattern Recognition Methods.
Abstrak: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) adalah salah satu tanaman yang dikenal sebagai antikanker, antidiabetes, dan antibakteri. Kendali mutu merupakan upaya untuk menjamin mutu dan khasiat yang dimilikinya. Keragaman mutu dari sambiloto dapat dilihat dari komposisi kandungan kimia yang dimiliki berdasarkan umur tanamnya. Pada penelitian ini keragaman mutu sambiloto yang berumur 1, 2, dan 3 bulan dievaluasi menggunakan teknik spektoskopi menggunakan alat fotometer jinjing yang digabungkan dengan teknik pengenalan pola, yaitu principle component analysis (PCA) dan partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Analisis kromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa sambiloto dengan umur 1, 2, dan 3 bulan memiliki keragaman mutu senyawa aktifnya. Analisis menggunakan fotometer jinjing yang digabungkan dengan menggunakan teknik pengenalan pola, yaitu PCA dan PLSDA terhadap tanaman obat sambiloto telah berhasil mengklasifikasikan keragaman mutu berdasarkan umur tanaman (umur 1, 2, dan 3 bulan). Analisis PCA menggunakan dua komponen utama (PC) pertama dapat menjelaskan 95% variasi dalam data (PC 1 = 60% dan PC 2 = 35%). Analisis PLSDA menghasilkan 3 model, yaitu model umur 1 bulan (R2 kalibrasi = 0,9975, R2 prediksi = 0,9972, RMSEC = 0,0238, RMSEP = 0,0269), 2 bulan (R2 kalibrasi = 09972, R2 prediksi = 0,9970, RMSEC = 0,0248, RMSEP = 0,0274), dan 3 bulan (R2 kalibrasi = 0,9975, R2 prediksi = 0,9965, RMSEC = 0,0235, RMSEP = 0,0263).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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