Judul: Model of policy on the restoration of conservation forest area
Abstrak: Forest restoration is required to cope with the damages of conservation forest areas because the rate of forest destruction in Indonesia is still inclining. This study aims is creating a model of policy on the restoration of conservation forest areas, among others by (1) formulation of criteria of areas that urgently be restored, (2) formulation of criteria of sites or parts of conservation areas to be restored, (3) determination of reference for restoration, (4) determination of selected priority species, and (5) implemented the model. It employs some methods including survey by interview using questionnaire, field observation and literature study. The research reveals that there are eight criteria on the aspect of importance and seven criteria of urgency for a conservation area to be restored. There are ten criteria of sites or parts of conservation area that urgently need restoration. Each of these criteria includes the aspects of biology, socialeconomy, and culture. The dimensions of restoration references include the richness of endemic flora species and the parameter of vegetative horizontal structure taken from the ecosystems or bioregions that the same those to be restored. The species are selected in accordance with the reference species that are capable to live and grow in the sites urgently requiring restoration. According to the criteria of conservation forest area that needs urgent restoration, the area of Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park (GGPNP) is classified as Priority III. The top priority of sites or parts of area of GGPNP that need urgent restoration are commonly located in the outer parts/edges of GGPNP area that consist of submontaine ecosystem. There are 78 tree species in the natural forest vegetation types in the submontaine ecosystem of GGPNP that becomes the restoration reference. The number of selected priority species for restoration activity in GGPNP is 15 tree species. The highest priority of restoration activity/action for the GGPNP area is artificial restoration by enrichment planting with an involvement of community.
Keyword: conservation forest, Forest restoration

Judul: Model kelembagaan pengelolaan hutan lindung: kasus pengelolaan hutan lindung gunung damar di Propinsi Gorontalo
Abstrak: The main objective of this research is to formulate a model of institutional management of Gunung Damar Protected Forest (GDPF). This would be achieved by: 1) Measuring the performance of GDPF management; 2) Analyzing the ecological and social economics situation in GDPF; 3) Analyzing the formal regulations on protected forest management; 4). Assessing the stakeholder’s behavior in management and use of GDPF in the District of Gorontalo and the District of Bone Bolango. Some research methods employed include analysis of forest land cover change, quantitative description, content analysis, and stakeholder analysis. The study reveals that: 1) The land coverage of GDPF area in Gorontalo District has been reduced by 3361.21 ha or 46.98%, while in the Bone Bolango District by 2281.28 ha or 27.36%, meaning that the remaining forest cover of GDPF Gorontalo District is only about 33.93% Bone Bolango District is 67.76%; 2) The socio-economic and ecological situation in GDPF is a characteristic that causes a source of interdependence among individual, groups of people or organizations. The presence of settlements in the region GDPF accompanied by a sense of ownership of agricultural lands in the region GDPF Gorontalo District, the lack of information about the length of boundaries of GDPF, the weakness of law enforcement, the distances between residence and forest area have been the reasons for high exclusion costs, high transaction costs, joint impact goods, incompatibility, and surplus mainly in Gorontalo District; 3) there is no mechanism to devise sanctions and incentives in the process of assignment and establishment, forest area as well as of and management of the protected areas that could encourage the local governments to formulate programs to optimize the management and utilization of protected forests; 4) There are 18 stakeholders in Gorontalo District and 14 stakeholders in Bone Bolango District that have interest in the management of GDPF. There is mismatch between those organizations’ main tasks and the GDPF management activities, especially in the Gorontalo District. The research concludes: 1) the performance of GDPF management is better in Bone Bolango District than in Gorontalo District; 2) The socioeconomic and ecological situations in GDPF has created interdependence where the inherent characteristics associated with these situations are high exclusion costs, high transaction costs, joint impact of surplus goods and incompatibility that occurs especially in Gorontalo District. 3) There has not yet been any mechanism to devise sanctions and incentives that could encourage the local government to formulate programs to optimize the management and utilization of protected areas; 4) the government regulations are inadequate to control stakeholder behavior in the GDPF 5) Model of institution GDPF management can be formulate as follows; a) property rights: to strengthening tenure GDPF as state property, provide special rights to community that has been long settle in GDPF such as acces, withdrawal, management and exclusion, b) jurisdiction boundary; to complete boundary area in GDPF c) rule of representation; socialization function and benefit GDPF to all stakeholder
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Judul: Enteric Collibacillosis Pada Anak Babi Baru Lahir: Patogenesa dan Perubahan-Perubahan Patologisnya
Abstrak: Diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada anak-anak babi baru lahir yang peka terhadap en terotoksin produk bakteri tersebut. Dikenal sebagai colibacillosis. Patogenesa dari colibacillosis anak babi baru lahir adalah (1) infeksi oleh E. coli patogen, (2) proliferasi E. coli di lumen usus halus, (3) produksi dan pelepasan enterotoksin, dan (4) aktifitas toksin pada usus halus. Dalam proses proliferasi, adanya antigen pili K88 sangat penting karena memungkinkan bakteri perlekatan dengan epitel mucosa usus halus. mengadakan Setelah ko lonisasi dan proliferasi segera toksin dilepaskan. Akti- fitas toksin menginduksi sekresi yang berlebihan dari u- sus sehingga banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan ke lumen usus. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak cairan dan elektrolit hilang sehingga timbul diare, dehidrasi dan asidosis yang sering menyebabkan kematian. Perubahan-perubahan patologis yang umum adalah dis tensi usus halus, dilatasi lambung dan infark pada kurva- tura mayor. Perubahan-perubahan histologis yang terjadi adalah enteritis hemorrhagica acuta, oedem dan kongesti pembuluh darah di lamina propria, akumulassi leukosit inti polimorf, sel monosit, dan inti sel mengalami piknosis Thrombus pada vena dan degenerasi serta desquamasi sel epitel usus….
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