Judul: Studi Komputasi pada Carbon Dots Terfungsionalisasi Gugus Amina untuk Pengindraan Hidrogen Peroksida
Abstrak: Dalam penelitian ini, penginderaan hidrogen peroksida (H2O2) diselidiki pada carbon dots yang terfungsionalisasi gugus amina (NH2-Cdots) pada tiga posisi -NH2 yang berbeda, dan atom N berperan sebagai situs aktif menggunakan pendekatan komputasi kuantum. B3LYP dan 6-31G (d,p) sebagai metode fungsional dan basis set yang digunakan dalam teori fungsional kerapatan (TFK) untuk perhitungan keadaan dasar. Sedangkan, CAM-B3LYP dan basis set yang sama digunakan dalam teori fungsional kerapatan-dependen waktu (TFK-DW) untuk perhitungan keadaan tereksitasi. Struktur teroptimasi menunjukkan bahwa H2O2 diadsorpsi secara kimia pada 1-sim lebih baik dibandingkan dengan 2-sim dan 3-sim melalui interaksi ikatan hidrogen C–N⋯H dengan energi adsorpsi -10,61 kcal/mol. Distribusi muatan atom Mulliken dan potensial elektrostatik keduanya digunakan untuk menentukan reaktivitas molekul pada tingkat atom. Orbital molekul Frontier digunakan untuk memahami mekanisme transfer elektron. Selain itu, energi interaksi ikatan hydrogen dan juga klasifikasi tipe interaksinya pada 1-com adalah -6,8067 kcal/mol dan dikategorikan sebagai interaksi ikatan hidrogen. Pada Analisa TFK-DW, spektrum absorpsi UV-Vis dan panjang transfer muatan untuk memahami mekanisme penginderaan H2O2 dalam keadaan tereksitasi pada semua struktur adalah hipokromik dan photo-induced charge difference. Semua analisis menunjukkan 1-sim lebih menguntungkan berinteraksi dengan H2O2 daripada 2-sim dan 3-sim; dan, diyakini bahwa NH2-Cdots mungkin menjadi kandidat potensial untuk merasakan keberadaan H2O2 pada aplikasi kemosensor., In this study, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensing investigated on amine groupfunctionalized carbon dots (NH2-Cdots) at three different -NH2 positions, and the N atom is role-playing as an active site using a quantum computational approach. B3LYP and 6-31G (d,p) as functional methods and basis sets used in density functional theory (DFT) for ground state calculations. Meanwhile, CAM-B3LYP and the same base set were used in the time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) for excited state calculations. The optimized structure showed that H2O2 was chemically adsorbed on 1-sim better than 2-sim and 3-sim through the interaction of C–N⋯H hydrogen bonds with adsorption energy of -10.61 kcal/mol. Mulliken atomic charge distribution and electrostatic potential are both used to determine reactivity molecules at the atomic level. Frontier molecular orbitals are used to understand electron transfer mechanisms. In addition, the hydrogen bond interaction energy and also the classification of the interaction type at 1-com is - 6.8067 kcal/mol and is categorized as a hydrogen bond interaction. In TD-DFT analysis, UV-Vis absorption spectrum and charge transfer length to understand the sensing mechanism of H2O2 in an excited state in all structures are hypochromic and photo-induced charge difference. All analysis shows 1-sim more favorable interacted with H2O2 than 2-sim and 3-sim; and, it is believed that NH2-Cdots may be a potential candidate for sensing the presence of H2O2 to chemosensor applications.
Keyword: carbon dots, gugus amina, hidrogen peroksida, teori fungsional kerapatan, teori fungsional kerapatan-dependen waktu

Judul: Synthesis of fluorescent carbon nanoparticle
Abstrak: Nanopartikel karbon (C-dot) merupakan material yang termasuk ke dalam kelas nanopartikel 0 dimensi. C-dot dapat disintesis dari beberapa jenis asam organik yang berperan sebagai sumber karbon dan urea sebagai agen pasivasi permukaan C-dot. C-dot disintesis menggunakan metode oven mikrogelombang. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah menyintesis dan mencirikan C-dot dari beragam asam organik, yaitu asam askorbat, asam sitrat, dan asam oksalat dan beragam kadar urea yang ditambahkan. Kadar urea yang ditambahkan masing-masing 0, 10, 25, 50, dan 75% (b/b). Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan pendaran C-dot di bawah lampu ultraviolet 366 nm semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya kadar urea. Emisi yang dihasilkan dari C-dot ini berada pada panjang gelombang 500 nm. Spektrum inframerah kadar urea yang beragam tidak menunjukkan perbedaan gugus fungsi yang nyata. Ukuran diameter rata-rata C-dot yang diperoleh sebesar ±18 nm. Uji kemampuan sensor C-dot yang dipreparasi dari asam askorbat dan urea 75% menunjukkan selektif terhadap ion logam Cr6+., Carbon nanoparticle (C-dot) is a material which belongs to the class of 0- dimensional nanoparticle. C-dot can be synthesized from several types of organic acid as a carbon source and urea as a passivation agent on the C-dot surface. C-dot was synthesized using microwave method. The purpose of this study was to synthesize and to characterize the C-dot from various organic acids, namely ascorbic acid, citric acid, and oxalic acid and various levels of added urea. The levels of aded urea were 0, 10, 25, 50, and 75% (w/w). The results showed the Cdot luminescence under ultraviolet light 366 nm increased with the increasing levels of urea. An emission resulting from the C-dot is located at a wavelength of 500 nm. Infrared spectra measurements of urea levels showed there was no significant differences in functional groups. The average diameter size of the Cdot was ±18 nm. The ability test toward heavy metal ion of the C-dot prepared using ascorbic acid and urea 75% showed selective toward Cr6+ ion. Key words: ascorbic acid, citric acid, carbon nanoparticle, fluorescence
Keyword: asam askorbat, asam sitrat, C-dot, fluoresens

Judul: The Control And Eradication Of Brucellosis In Cattle From The Standpoint Of Human Health
Abstrak: Brucella abortus occurs both in man and cattle. The organism may thrive wherever cattle are raised by man for breeding purposes. As such, spread to humans can easily be lessened if the disease is properly controlled and/or eradicated in cattle. Control of Brucella abortus in cattle can be under taken by continued vaccination, proper attention to hygiene and the particular care taken in the introduction of only brucellosis-free animals into cattle farms. Vac- cination using the strain 19 or strain 45/20 Brucella abortus vaccine is commonly used, though the former is more popular. Each of these vaccine strains has its own advantages and disadvantages. Eradication of Brucella abortus by the test and slaughter policy can also be carried out after proper vaccination programmes have been initiated and a stage reached where only a very small percentage of positive reactors is found,
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