Judul: Validation Of Commercial Eia Kit For Analysis Of Hormone Estradiol And Progesterone in Female Kacang Goat (Capra hircus)
Abstrak: Enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) is a technique that connects the specificity of antibodies with the enzymatic test sensitivity or antigen attached to the enzyme by regular spectrophotometer. Analysis using EIA technique has been proved suitable to replace the radio immunoassay (RIA) technique which has many weaknesses. There are several commercial EIA hormone kit products that can be used nowadays to test the concentration of the hormone, but not any of the products which can be used as a reference. The aims of this study was to determine the feasibility of commercial EIA hormone kits for human estradiol and progesterone whether can be used or not for monitoring reproductive status of kacang goat. This study used 3 female kacang goats 2–3 years old, healthy, have regular estrous cycles, fertile and unpregnant. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein using a 21 G venoject every two days and sample collection was intensified every day prior to heat. Blood plasma stored at -20ºC until the analyse. Ultrasound is used to check the female reproductive organs (ovaries) during blood sampling. Hormone assay validation was conducted through laboratory validation and biologycal validation. Laboratory validation was carried out by measuring accuracy, sensitivity and precision. Comparison between hormone profile and morphologycal change and USG picture of the ovary was used as biologycal validation. Parallelism test showed that sample curve was parallel with standard curve of E2 and P4 of DRG commercial kit, in contrast GBC commercial kit was not parallel. The lowest hormone concentration of estradiol (E2) and progesterone (P4) at 90% binding was 25 pg/mL and 0.14 ng/mL in DRG kit. Coefficient variation of intra- and interassay for both DRG EIA commercial kits were less than 10%. Goat 5 and 9 did not show estrus cycle with hormone profiles appear flat. Goat 7 showed irregular estrous cycles, with only finding of progesterone profile of one cycle during 62 days of observation, although it did not coincide with profiles of estradiol on the cycle. Progesterone concentrations during the luteal phase ranged from 3.6-42.8 ng/mL. Concentration appears to increase significantly at day 4 after ovulation was observed and reached a peak on day 6 to day 14 with a concentration of 19.2-42.8 ng / mL before decreased dramatically by the end of the cycle. It can be concluded that the P4 DRG EIA kit is suitable and can be used for monitoring the reproductive status by measuring plasma samples female kacang goat, but not compatible for E2 EIA DRG. While E2 and P4 EIA kits GBC can not be used to analyze hormones E2 and P4 from blood samples of kacang goat.
Keyword: EIA, estradiol, progesterone, kacang goat, ultrasound

Judul: Ovarian Dynamic and Early Pregnancy Detection in Kacang Goat (Capra hircus).
Abstrak: The growth of follicles in the ovaries of goats was important to learn to maximize the development of reproductive techniques. The researchs were conducted to study the ovarian dynamics and the earliest pregnancy detection in the kacang goat. Six non pregnant kacang goats were used in this research. They were clinically healthy, 2-3 years old and showed normal estrous cycles. The estrous cycles of the kacang goats were synchronized by using prostaglandin 0.5 mg/kg body weight during luteal phase. The ovarian dynamics were observed daily by using transrectal ultrasonography. The pregnancy detections were carried out ten days after natural breeding by using transrectal ultrasonography. The pregnancy detections measurement with blood plasma progesteron profile were evaluated by radioimmunoassay. Ovulation of the dominant follicles (5.7±0.8 mm) were occurred 50±14 hours after injection of prostaglandin. Follicular development consists of three or four follicular waves during 20±1.1 days of an estrous cycle. The dominant follicles reached the maximum diameter in 3.1±0.6 days from wave emergence and the preovulatory dominant follicle diameter was 6.5±0.5 mm at first estrous cycle. The second estrous cyle, dominant follicles reached the maximum diameter in 3.1±1.6 days from wave emergence and the preovulatory dominant follicle diameter was 7.1±0.5 mm. The corpus luteum of kacang goat at first estrous cycle was observed 2.0±0.5 days after ovulation up to 2.8±0.8 days before the next ovulation. The corpus luteum of kacang goat at second estrous cyle was observed 3.0±0.4 days after ovulation up to 3.3±1.0 days before the next ovulation. The early pregnancy was detected on days 20 after mating with diameter of embryonic vesicle was 0.5±0.0 cm. The fetuses were detected on day 22 with diameter crown-ramp was 0.4±0.1 cm and levels of the progesterone 2.6±0.0 ng/mL. The development of the fetus was 0.16±0.0 cm per day until days 30 of pregnancy. The diameter of uterus increased from days 14 (0.8±0.3 cm) until days 30 (3.6±0.2 cm), and thickness of uterus increased from days 14 (0.4±0.2 cm) until days 30 (1.8±0.2 cm).
Keyword: kacang goat, ovaries, pregnancy, transrectal ultrasonography

Judul: Penegakkan hukum dalam penanganan perampokan bersenjata (armed robbery) terhadap kapal laut di alur pelayaran internasional Selat Malaka
Abstrak: Selat Malaka adalah sebuah selat yang terletak di antara Semenanjung Malaysia di Malaysia, Pulau Sumatra di Indonesia, dan bergabung di bagian ujung sebelah selatan di Singapura. Selat Malaka dari segi ekonomi dan strategis merupakan salah satu jalur pelayaran terpenting di dunia.
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