Judul: Rancang Bangun dan Uji Unjuk Kerja Bak Pengomposan Kotoran Hewan Ternak Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly
Abstrak: Sebagian besar limbah padat di negara berpenghasilan rendah dan menengah merupakan sampah organik. Pengolahan kotoran ternak dilakukan agar kandungan bahan organik di dalamnya menjadi stabil dan lebih bermanfaat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang dan menguji unjuk kerja bak pengomposan hewan ternak skala rumah tangga dan skala peternakan menggunakan larva black solder fly. Desain bak pengomposan skala rumah tangga terbuat dari pasangan hebel dengan daya tampung kotoran kambing sebesar 0.25 m3. Desain instalasi pengomposan skala peternak sebanyak satu (1) buah dengan daya tampung kambing 20 ekor dan kotoran kambing sebesar 10.8 m3. Tiga parameter uji unjuk kerja diperoleh, suhu dan tingkat kebauan kompos sudah memenuhi syarat berdasarkan SNI 19-7030-2004, sedangkan warna kompos tidak memenuhi syarat. Penggunaan kompos sebagai campuran media tanam pada tanaman kangkung sebanyak 40% merupakan campuran yang dianjurkan dalam penggunaannya.
Keyword: bak pengomposan, kompos, kotoran kambing, larva black soldier fly

Judul: Design and Performance Test of Concrete Composting Bin with Decomposition Agent Black Soldier Fly Larvae
Abstrak: Meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi berdampak pada tingginya jumlah sampah perkotaan. Sebagian besar sampah bersumber dari rumah tangga, dengan komposisi sampah organik yang lebih besar. Metode pengolahan sampah organik yang sederhana adalah pengomposan dengan berbagai macam wadah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk merancang dan membangun bak pengomposan berbahan beton yang kemudian diuji kinerjanya. Desain dilakukan berdasarkan ergonomi tubuh manusia, sistem pemindahan dan pemasangan bak pengomposan, mekanisme keluar masuknya lalat black soldier fly, dan saluran air lindi. Dimensi bak pengomposan berbahan beton pracetak sebesar 60 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm. Uji unjuk kerja bak pengomposan berbahan beton pracetak mengacu pada SNI 19-7030-2004 berdasarkan parameter suhu, warna, dan skala hedonisme kebauan kompos. Suhu maksimum kompos yang dihasilkan sebesar 39°C dan suhu akhir sebesar 30°C. Skala hedonisme kebauan kompos pada pengukuran hari ke-30 sebesar 0 dengan warna kompos kehitaman. Penggunaan beton pracetak sebagai bak pengomposan memiliki keunggulan berdasarkan faktor biaya, tenaga kerja, dan waktu. Namun masih terlalu lemah terhadap guncangan, sehingga rentan mengalami keretakan., Increased economic growth has an impact on the high amount of urban waste. Most of the waste comes from households, with a larger composition of organic waste. A simple method of processing organic waste is composting with various containers. This research aims to design and build a composting bin made of concrete, which is then tested for its performance. The design is based on the human body ergonomics, removal and installation of composting bin, the mechanism for entry and exit of the black soldier flies, and leachate drainage. The dimensions of the precast concrete composting bin are 60 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm. The performance test of the precast concrete composting bin refers to SNI 19-7030-2004 based on the parameters of temperature, colour, and odour emission of compost. The maximum temperature of the compost produced was 39°C and the final temperature was 30°C. The compost odour emission scale on the 30th day of measurement was 0 with black colour. The use of precast concrete as a composting bin has advantages based on cost, labour, and time factors. However, it is still too weak against shocks, so it is prone to cracking.
Keyword: Black soldier fly (BSF), composting bin, organic waste, precast concrete, Bak pengomposan, Beton Pracetak, Sampah organik, Black Soldier Fly (BSF)

Judul: Phylogenetic analysis of subgenus Dieramalpinia (Alpinia carolinensis clade) - Zingiberaceae based on ITS sequences
Abstrak: The most recent infra-generic classification of Alpinia Roxb. by Smith divided the genus into two subgenera (Alpinia and Dieramalpinia) with 11 sections and 12 subsections. One of the sections of Alpinia subgenus Dieramalpinia is Myriocrater which contains about 16 species. The most recent phylogenetic study that included species from Alpinia subgenus Dieramalpinia was done by Kress et al. (2007). They sampled only eight species and found that these were nested within a clade referred to as the Alpinia carolinensis clade. This clade was well supported and may be separated as a genus if sampling more species confirms the result. The objectives of the present project are to compare ITS within one species; to test the monophyly of Alpinia section Myriocrater; to test whether adding more samples still supports the Alpinia carolinensis clade. The present study included thirty-nine samples representing nineteen taxa from Alpinia; seven samples are still unidentified at species level. Sequences of the Internal Transcribed Spacer were used in the analysis. The result showed that ITS sequence of Myriocrater’s species are more conserved than another group in Zingiberaceae. There are base variations within species level. The Alpinia section Myriocrater plus five species from other section is not monophyletic. The Alpinia carolinensis clade still includes three sections of Smith classification (Dieramalpinia, Myriocrater and Pycnanthus) from subgenus Dieramalpinia. Alpinia subgenus Dieramalpinia section Eubractea and one species of section Dieramalpinia are separated into another clade.
Keyword: Alpinia, Myriocrater, Dieramalpinia, Alpinia carolinensis clade