Judul: Effectiveness Formulation of Bacterial Consortia for Controlling Sheath Blight Disease on Rice Plants.
Abstrak: Penyakit hawar pelepah daun (HPD) banyak ditemukan pada tanaman padi dan menurunkan hasil produksi. Penyakit HPD disebabkan oleh Rhizoctonia solani. Pengendalian penyakit HPD dapat menggunakan fungisida dan varietas resisten. Penggunaan bakteri sebagai agen pengendali yang ramah lingkungan menjadi penting dan harus dikembangkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas formulasi dari konsorsium bakteri sebagai pengendali penyakit HPD. Uji kompatibilitas dilakukan dengan uji antagonis menggunakan metode kultur berpasangan. Pembuatan formulasi biokontrol dengan menggunakan tiga jenis bahan pembawa yaitu talk, bentonit, dan minyak sayur. Aplikasi formulasi biokontrol dengan cara perendaman benih dengan formulasi dan penyemprotan forrmulasi secara langsung. Hasil uji kompatibilitas didapatkan dua formula terbaik yaitu A2 yang merupakan isolat bakteri Bacillus firmus E65, serta A8 merupakan konsorsium bakteri B. firmus E65, B. cereus II.14, Pseudomonas aeruginosa C32b, dan Serratia marcescens E31. Berdasarkan aplikasi formulasi terhadap penyakit HPD, formula A8 dengan bentonit merupakan formulasi yang paling efektif.
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Judul: Studi Keefektifan Formulasi Spora Bacillus Subtilis Sebagai Agens Pengendali Hayati Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri dan Hawar Pelepah Serta Pemicu Pertumbuhan Pada tTanaman Padi:
Abstrak: In controlling rice diseases, most farmers still rely on chemical pesticide as the solution. However, because of high cost and negative effects of chemical pesticide, biocontrol is one of alternative solutions. Bacillus subtilis is a model of biocontrol agents to control many plant diseases, because its ability to produce antimicrobial and plant growth promoting substances. This research aimed to examine the effectiveness of Indonesian isolate of B. subtilis spore formulation through seed treatment and foliar spray with different frequencies and concentrations to control bacterial leaf blight (Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae) and sheath blight (Rhizoctonia solani) diseases of rice. The influence of the formulation application to plant growth and other microbes was evaluated. The experiment was conducted in greenhouse and field with factorial experimental design. Seed treatment, concentration and frequency of application and its interaction effectively suppressed bacterial leaf blight and sheath blight diseases, increased plant growth and reduced yield loss. The concentration at 2% is recommended for applying the formulation. The interval of application at 1 and 2 week showed equal effect to disease suppression and increased yield. Application of B. subtilis spore formulation increased yield of Ciherang, Cisantana, and Sintanur as much as 26,3%, 18,5%, and 15,4% respectively. Application of the formulation gave no significant effect to microbe diversity in the field.
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Judul: Kasus: Konsumen Remaja di Tiga One Stop Shopping Mall di Jakarta
Abstrak: Teenager is one of the most potential markets for producers. The consumptive lifestyle is one of the reasons. It’s all due to peer pressure among friends, unrealistic lifestyle, and also have a tendency to be wasteful in monetary usage. Through their lifestyle, teenager can show their characteristic and social class among their people. That is why producers are using this type of attribute between teenagers to be their market. The purpose of this research is to identify the characteristic of regular “shopping mall” lifestyle with teenager “shopping mall” lifestyle. These research using quantitative approach. This approach was done using a survey method. The technique to obtain a respond was done using purposive sampling with 40 people of responder. The data that I obtained was primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained using survey method, where secondary data were obtained from the data that was previously exist. Frequency table and cross tabulation were the technique to obtain the quantitative data. Shoppers are usually around 15-18 years old and also in high school. They go to average school and they usually spend their time hang-out in café, sightseeing, sports, and visiting their friend’s house. This teenager uses their own car to go to school, and their father’s job is an entrepreneur and their mother does not go to work or as a house wife. Shoppers’ family uses their money for recreation and education. This shopper uses cash as a payment. Shopper has a tendency to use electronic media as their primary media. Magazine is used as their written media and internet is used as the electronic media. According to the research, I can conclude there are three types of shoppers, which are real shoppers, socialize shoppers, and beginner shoppers. Shoppers are usually a high school or college student. The majority of these three types of shoppers are usually the same, which are go to cinema, eat and shopping. They commonly used two to three hour at mall with their friends because mall are comfortable and calming. Shoppers main concern are the price, model and the brand of the product. The difference between the three types of shoppers are beginner Socialize shoppers and shoppers ages are between 15 - 18 years old, while real shoppers ages between 19 to 22 years. Real shoppers and beginner shoppers usually are women and Socialize shoppers are men. The mass media are often used by real shoppers are print media, while the beginner shoppers and socialize shoppers more likely to use electronic media. Real shoppers spend more than one million rupiah, while socialize shoppers spend five hundred to one million dollars, and beginner shoppers spend their money under five hundred thousand rupiah. Real shoppers go to the mall in order to fill his spare time, while socialize shoppers tend to socialize with friends. Meanwhile beginner shoppers aim to buy their daily needs.
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