Judul: Estimasi Kerugian Ekonomi Akibat Covid-19 Terhadap Kunjungan Wisatawan Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Tahun 2020 tepat di bulan Maret terjadi penurunan kunjungan wisatawan ke Kota Bogor karena pandemi Covid-19 dan dampak dari kebijakan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar). Situasi ketidakpastian di sektor pariwisata yang muncul akibat Covid-19 harus segera diselesaikan melalui mitigasi dan alokasi risiko. Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 juga memukul pelaku usaha di sektor pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengestimasi penurunan kunjungan wisatawan di Kota Bogor akibat adanya Covid-19 (2) Mengestimasi besar kerugian ekonomi pariwisata akibat adanya Covid-19 di Kota Bogor (3) Mengidentifikasi risiko terhadap pariwisata akibat Covid-19 di Kota Bogor (4) Mengidentifikasi langkah dan strategi yang dilakukan dalam pemulihan pariwisata di Kota Bogor. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendapatan yang hilang, penilaian risiko, dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebabkan penurunan penerimaan sektor pariwisata pada objek wisata, restoran dan hotel. Risiko dengan kelas risiko tinggi adalah kategori risiko permintaan dan kelas risiko menengah pada kebijakan pemerintah dengan semua sub kategori. Langkah yang diambil untuk pemulihan pariwisata adalah meyakinkan bahwasanya pelaku usaha industri pariwisata dan pemerintah sudah mengaplikasikan standar keamanan serta kesehatan yang memadai., In March 2020 there was a decline in tourist visits to Bogor City due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) policy. The situation of uncertainty in the tourism sector that has arisen due to Covid-19 must be solved immediately by means of mitigation and risk allocation. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has also hit businesses in the tourism sector. This study aims to: (1) Estimate the decline in tourist visitor in Bogor City due to Covid-19 (2) Estimate the economic loss of tourism sector due to Covid-19 in Bogor City (3) Identify risks to tourism due to Covid-19 in Bogor City (4) Identify management steps and strategies in efforts to recovery tourism in Bogor City. This research uses the loss of earnings method, risk assessment, and descriptive analysis. The results of this study showed the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a decline in revenue in the tourism sector at tourism objects, restaurants and hotels. The risk with high risk class is the demand risk category and the medium risk class on government policies with all sub categories. The effort should be tourism recovery are to provide assurance that the government and tourism industry have implemented health and safety standards.
Keyword: descriptive analysis, loss of earnings, risk assessment

Judul: Estimation of The Tourism Economic Loss in Puncak Tourism Area, Bogor Regency due to COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Sektor pariwisata Indonesia merupakan salah satu sektor yang cukup diminati oleh wisatawan, hal ini dapat dilihat dari jumlah kunjungan wisatawan pada tahun 2019 sebanyak 16.106.954 wisatawan. Salah satu kawasan wisata yang memiliki daya tarik wisata yang tinggi yaitu Kawasan Wisata Puncak yang terletak di Kabupaten Bogor. Pada awal tahun 2020, wabah Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) yang telah menjadi pandemi masuk ke Indonesia menyebabkan penurunan pada sektor pariwisata bukan hanya secara nasional, tetapi juga regional. Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar menyebabkan tempat wisata mengurangi kapasitas jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang menyebabkan kerugian ekonomi pada pelaku usaha wisata di Kawasan Wisata Puncak. Berdasarkan permasalahan diatas, maka tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengidentifikasi kebijakan pemerintah Kabupaten Bogor terkait Kawasan Wisata Puncak selama pandemi COVID-19, (2) Mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi Kawasan Wisata Puncak selama pandemi COVID-19, (3) Menganalisis dampak risiko COVID-19 terhadap Kawasan Wisata Puncak di Kabupaten Bogor, (4) Mengidentifikasi implikasi kebijakan dalam upaya pemulihan Kawasan Wisata Puncak. Metode pengambilan sampel yaitu dengan teknik non-probability sampling dengan teknik purposive sampling dan metode analisis data menggunakan analisis deskriptif, Loss of Earning, dan Risk Assessment. Estimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi pada sektor pariwisata di Kawasan Wisata Puncak sebesar Rp 326.717.060.000/tahun. Analisis dampak risiko COVID-19 menunjukkan bahwa kategori wisatawan tidak taat protokol kesehatan, resepsionis, dan pembatasan kapasitas hotel 50% berada pada kelas risiko tinggi. Implikasi kebijakan pemerintah terkait sektor pariwisata selama pandemi COVID-19 adalah memberikan keringanan pajak dan wajib vaksinasi kepada pelaku usaha wisata dan wisatawan., The tourism sector is one of the high demand sector in Indonesia, as seen by the number of tourist visits in 2019 reached 16,106,954 visitors. Puncak Tourism Area is one of the most favorite tourism area in Bogor Regency. The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic, which has been turned into pandemic, struck in Indonesia in the beginning of 2020, causing a decrease in tourism not only nationally but also regionally. Tourist destinations limit the capacity of tourist visits as a result of large-scale social restrictions, leads to an economic losses for tourism sector in Puncak Tourism Area. The objectives of this research are (1) To identify the Bogor Regency government's policy regarding Puncak Tourism Area due to COVID-19 pandemic; (2) Estimate the economic losses suffered by tourism sector in Puncak Tourism Area due to COVID-19 pandemic. (3) Analyze the impact of COVID-19 risk on the Puncak Tourism Area in Bogor Regency (4) Identify policy implications in efforts to recover Puncak Tourism Area. The method used in this research are descriptive analysis, loss of earning, and risk assessment. The total value of economic losses experienced by tourism sector due to COVID-19 pandemic in Puncak Tourism Area is IDR 326.717.060.000. According to the COVID-19 risk impact analysis, visitors who do not obey health protocols, receptionists, and 50 percent hotel capacity restrictions are included to the high risk category. Because of the COVID-19 pandemic, government policies involving the tourism sector have resulted in tax incentives and required vaccines for tourism businesses and tourists.
Keyword: loss, risk assessment, social restrictions

Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Natrium Alginat untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Composite of chitosan and sodium alginate can be utilized as base material of proton exchange membrane (PEM). The composite membranes were produced by various concentrations of chitosan-sodium alginate, namely 3:3, 3:4, 3:5, 3:6, 4:3, 5:3, and 6:3 (% b/v). The composites were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and were tested for the performance as PEM from the proton conductivity obtained by using impedance spectrometer. The FTIR spectrum indicated the NH3C group at 1637.29 cm-1 and symmetrical COO group at 1253.68 cm-1 indicating interactions between chitosan and sodium alginate. SEM micrographs showed that the composite membrane was nonporous. Composite membrane with 3:5 chitosan-sodium alginate composition had the highest proton conductivity, namely 9.594 × 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane can be applied well in direct methanol fuel cell system.
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