Judul: Estimasi Parameter Turbulensi  Untuk Jasa Penerbangan  Berbasis Analisis Data Radiosonde
Abstrak: The one of an important thing related to the aviation is the correct information of aviation meteorology, especially about bad weather condition such as turbulence that often disturb the plane during their flight. There are many parameters to estimate the turbulence parameter. One of them is called the Richardson Number (Ri) such as already investigated by Waco (1970). The author continue his study by applyin g the radiosonde data distributed at five stations in the Western part of Indonesia region, especially during the Coupling Processes Equatorial Atmosphere I (CPEA I) Campaign started from 10 April to 9 May, 2004. The author defined the turbulence when Ri<1 as described by Endlich (1964). We found initial turbulence occurrence indication, although we have found significant indication yet, related with less of locations and data observations which is only one month observation. Turbulence in the plane is described as the changes of vertical gravitation in the plane and observed by vertical accelerometer which is installed in the plane. After making some validations with the vertical accelerometer data, the author found only a few good correlation between Ri and turbulence. We suspect it caused by the less of data observation. But initial indication based on data analysis shows that light turbulence occurrence over Eastern Coast of Malacca Peninsula on 19 April 2004.
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Judul: Potensi Parameter Keluaran RAOB (Rawinsonde Observation Programs) sebagai Indikator Kunci dalam Analisis Curah Hujan
Abstrak: One of the weather elements that strongly influences human activity is rainfall. RAOB (Rawinsonde Observation Programs) is a tool in analyzing events related to rainfall. This study utilizes observational rainfall data over a period of one year, and radiosonde data series of 3 hours and 6 hours before the occurrence of rain obtained from NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration). This study aims to understand the technique of determining rainfall indicators and analyzed the output of RAOB program to determine RAOB index that affect the most to rainfall. It also aims to further screen the parameters into three main categories of rainfall events, namely, heavy, and light. This study reveals that Cap Strength, Vorticity Generation Parameter, and Total CAPE parameters collected 6 hours prior to the occurrence of heavy rainfall are potentially good predictors. The index of TQ calculated 3 hours prior to the occurrence of heavy rainfall is also a good potential predictor. For the occurrence of light rainfall, K-Index parameter obtained at 6 hours prior to the events is the only significant predictor. Meanwhile, important predictors obtained at 3 hours prior to the events are the Hybrid Microburst Index, Jefferson Index and K-Index. In addition, other potentially prospective indicators include 500 mb Wind speed, Strom Relative Helicity, and SWEAT Index. Mathematical relationships of rainfall data as dependent variable and the selected parameters strongly suggest the existence of linearity component in the relationships.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell