Judul: The Relationship between Eating Habits, Physical Activity, and Exercise Habits with The Incidence of Dysmenorrhea in Female Adolescent at Pariaman City
Abstrak: Remaja putri mengalami perkembangan biologis ditandai dengan menstruasi yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai masalah termasuk dismenorea. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kebiasaan makan, aktivitas fisik, dan kebiasaan olahraga dengan kejadian dismenorea pada remaja putri di Kota Pariaman. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2022 di SMAN 1 Kota Pariaman pada 94 orang subjek dengan desain cross-sectional study. Subjek dipilih secara purposive dengan pengumpulan data primer melalui kuesioner dan wawancara. Tingkat kecukupan zat gizi energi (33%) dan lemak (52,1%) masih tergolong defisit berat, sedangkan tingkat kecukupan zat gizi protein (36,2%) dan karbohidrat (29,8%) tergolong berlebih. Sementara itu, tingkat kecukupan zat gizi mikro yaitu kalsium (56,4%), zat besi (92,6%), dan vitamin C (70,2%) sudah tergolong dalam kategori cukup. Aktivitas fisik sebagian besar subjek tergolong dalam kategori sedang (64,9%). Sebanyak 46,8% subjek sering berolahraga dengan frekuensi 1 kali seminggu (40,9%). Sebagian besar durasi olahraga subjek sudah tergolong cukup (63,6%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat kecukupan energi, lemak, karbohidrat, kalsium, zat besi, dan vitamin c, aktivitas fisik, dan kebiasaan olahraga dengan kejadian dismenorea (p>0,05). Namun, tingkat kecukupan protein dengan kejadian dismenorea menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (p=0,027)., Female adolescent experience biological development marked by menstruation which can cause various problems including dysmenorrhea. This study aims to analyze the relationship between eating habits, physical activity, and exercise habits with the incidence of dysmenorrhea in female adolescent at Pariaman City. The research was conducted in Desember 2022 at SMAN 1 Pariaman City on 94 subjects with a cross-sectional study design. Subjects were selected purposively by collecting primary data through questionnaires and interview. Adequacy levels of energy (33%) and fat (52,1%) are still classified as severe deficits, while protein (36,2%) and carbohydrates (29,8%) are classified as excess. Meanwhile, the level of adequacy of micronutrients, namely calcium (56,4%), iron (92,6%), and vitamin c (70,2%) was classified as sufficient. The physical activity of most of the subjects was in the moderate category (64,9%). As many as 46,8% of subjects often exercise with a frequency of 1 time a week (40,9%). Most of the subject’s exercise duration were classified as sufficient (63,6%). The results of the analysis showed that there was no significant relationship between the level of adequacy of energy, fat, carbohydrates, calcium, iron, and vitamin C, physical activity, and exercise habits with the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p> 0,05). However, the level of protein adequacy with the incidence of dysmenorrhea showed a significant relationship (p=0,027).
Keyword: dysmenorrhea, eating habits, exercise habits, female adolescent, physical activity

Judul: Correlation between Physical Activity, Stress, and Consuming Habit of Caffeinated Beverages with Primary Dysmenorrhea of Female Adolescent
Abstrak: Remaja mengalami perkembangan biologis ditandai dengan menstruasi pertama yang dapat menyebabkan berbagai permasalahan termasuk dismenore primer. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis hubungan aktivitas fisik, tingkat stres, dan kebiasaan konsumsi kafein dengan dismenore primer pada remaja putri di SMAN 1 Kebumen. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari-Februari 2022 pada 95 subjek dengan desain studi cross sectional. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui pengukuran tinggi badan dan berat badan, wawancara, serta pengisian kuesioner meliputi SQ-FFQ (Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire), recall aktivitas fisik 2x24 jam, DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21), karakteristik menstruasi subjek dan VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Subjek sebagian besar berusia 16 tahun (43,2%) dengan status gizi normal (85,3%). Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara tingkat stres dengan dismenore primer (p =0,026, r=0,229). Tidak ada hubungan yang signifikan pada status gizi, aktivitas fisik, dan kebiasaan konsumsi kafein dengan dismenore primer (p>0,05)., Female adolescents experience biological development marked by the first menstruation which can cause various problems include primary dysmenorrhea. The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between physical activity, stress levels, and caffeine consumption habits with primary dysmenorrhea in adolescent girls at SMAN 1 Kebumen. This study was conducted in JanuaryFebruary 2022 on 95 subjects with a cross sectional study. Data was collected by measuring height and weight, interviewing, and filling out questionnaires including SQ-FFQ (Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire), recall of physical activity 2x24 hours, DASS-21 (Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale21), the subject's menstrual characteristics and VAS (Visual Analogue Scale). Most of the subjects were 16 years old (43.2%) with normal nutritional status (85.3%). The results showed significant relationship between stress levels and primary dysmenorrhea (p=0.026, r=0.229). There was no significant relationship between nutritional status, physical activity, and caffeine consumption habits with primary dysmenorrhea (p>0.05).
Keyword: caffeine consumption habits, nutritional status, physical activity, primary dysmenorrhea, stress level

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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