Judul: Identifikasi Aktinomiset Endofit Asal Tanaman Obat Berdasarkan 16S rRNA
Abstrak: Indigenous actinomycetes are known to have high biodiversity and chance to acquire a novel species. Various plants bioactive compounds with many functions may also be produced by endophytic microbes including actinomycetes. Many actinomycetes have been isolated from various medicinal plants. The research aimed to identify selected endophytic actinomycets from Curcuma xanthorrhiza (CX 10.1), Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk (AJB 4(1)), and Centella asiatica (AEP-2) based on 16S rRNA. Selected isolates of endophytic actinomycetes were grown in Yeast Starch Agar (YSA). DNA genome was isolated from CX 10.1, AJB 4(1), and AEP-2 isolates respectively, using Genomic DNA Mini Kit followed by amplification of 16S rRNA with PCR. PCR product was sequenced and analyzed by bio-informatics software to construct phylogenetic tree. The morphology colony of CX 10.1 did not produce aerial mycelium and spore chain type. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, CX 10.1 isolate was closed related with Micromonospora aurantiaca strain DSM 43813, Micromonospora coxensis strain 2-30-b(28) and Micromonospora krabiensis strain MA-2 with maximum identity 97%, 96% and 96% respectively. Meanwhile, morphology colony of AJB 4(1) and AEP-2 produced brown grey and white aerial mycelium, respectively and both of isolates produced Spiral spore chain type. The 16S rRNA sequence of AJB 4(1) showed to have the close relationship with Streptomyces misionensis strain NRRL B- 3230, Streptomyces africanus strain CPJVR-H, and Streptomyces eurythermus strain ATCC 14975, with maximum identity 98%, 97% and 97% respectively. The 16S rRNA sequence of AEP-2 showed close related with Streptomyces galilaeus strain JCM 4757,with 96% of maximum identity, while the close relatedness with both Streptomyces flavogriseus strain CBS 101.34, and S. polyantibioticus strain SPR; DSM 44925 was 95%. The maximum identity of AEP-2 was less then 97% and with further identification approaches may indicate a novel species.
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Judul: Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Obat dan Penapisan Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri
Abstrak: Endophytic fungi are microorganisms living in plant tissue without causing any harm to its host. The fungi can be found in all plants including medicinal plants. Endophytic fungi produced variety of bioactive compounds such as antibacterial substances. This research aimed to identify 3 isolates of endophytic fungi JBa8, JMa3, and SLbt3 which were isolated from medicinal plants and to screen their potency as source of antibacterial compounds. Identification of endophytic fungi was performed based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcode using ITS region. Antibacterial test was conducted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K1-1, and microflora E. coli by antagonism technique and agar diffusion method using mycelia extract with methanol solvent. The inhibition activity of fungal extract on bacterial tested was observed on the day 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th after incubation by measuring clear zone around the colonies. The 3 isolates were tentatively identified as Fusarium solani for JBa8, Fusarium sp. for JMa3, and Colletotrichum sp. for SLbt3. Antibacterial activities were observed in F. solani and Fusarium sp. which were isolated from jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) and jahe merah (Zingiber officinale), respectively. F. solani inhibited the growth of EPEC K1-1, whereas Fusarium sp. suppressed P. aeruginosa with clear zone produced was 12 mm. Fusarium sp. had antibacterial activity similar with that of 8 μg/mL cefotaxime positive control. The F. solani antibacterial activity, however, was lower than the two positive control concentrations used. Colletotrichum sp. isolated from sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) did not have any antibacterial to all bacteria tested.
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Judul: Pengaruh panjang deret waktu data terhadap perhitungan debit banjir rencana
Abstrak: Dalam perencanaan bangunan air, harus ditunjang oleh data yang lengkap. Pada kenyataannya data yang lengkap dewasa ini sulit diperoleh. Selain itu pengambilan data ini memerlukan waktu, ketepatan, ketelitian serta biaya yang cukup besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh panjang data terhadap perhitungan banjir rencana, menentukan besarnya banjir maksimum yang akan terjadi untuk periode waktu yang berbeda, serta menentukan distribusi banjir teoritis yang paling sesuai pada daerah yang diteliti. Menurut Chow (1964), di dalam analisa hidrologi digunakan asumsi bahwa kejadian-kejadian selama pengamatan cukup mewakili dan hasil pengamatan tersebut dapat dipercaya. Kepercayaan semakin meningkat dengan bertambah lamanya pencatatan data. Dalam kenyataannya, lama pencatatan data yang dilakukan tergantung dari periode ulang yang akan digunakan dalam mendesain suatu bangunan. Menduga suatu kejadian dengan periode ulang yang lebih besar daripada periode pencatatan menyebabkan hasil pendugaan tidak dapat dipercaya....
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