Judul: Penggunaan Gen Chromo Helicase DNA Binding (CHD) Sebagai Marker Penentu Jenis Kelamin pada Aves
Abstrak: Many avian spesies are difficult to distinguish between male and female based on their morphology. Male and female must be kept in the same cage for reproduction. DNA-based sex identification provides a solution. CHD genes are preserved within avian Z and W sex chromosomes. The aim of this research was to determine avians sex based on CHD gene using P2 and P8 primers. DNA was extracted from avians blood and feather. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with a single of primers P2 and P8 on a 2% agarose gel was used to decide the avian sex of chickens, quails, ducks, rock pigeons, common hill myna, yellow-crested cockatoos, and salmon-crested cockatoos. Sex identifification of avian spesies based on bands the Z and W, males had a single band (ZZ), and females had two (ZW) on a agarose gel. The CHD gene amplified by the P2 and P8 primers had the fragment size of 300-400 bp. P2 dan P8 primers had no success for sex identification in chickens, quails and ducks. However, the primers could be used to identify the sex of rock pigeons, common hill myna, yellow-crested cockatoos and salmon-crested cockatoos.
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Judul: Penggunaan Penanda Molekuler Untuk Penentuan Jenis Kelamin Burung Betet Jawa (Psittacula alexarzdri ulemndri)
Abstrak: Determinasi seks burung-burung monomorfik yang tidak mempunyai dimofisme seksual akan sangat sulit hanya dengan memperhatikan ciri-ciri morfologinya saja. Teknik molekuler dengan analisis DNA pada fragmen CHDl-Z dan CHDI-W dapat membantu dalam kasus ini. Sampel darah burung yang telah dipurifikasi kemudian diamplifikasi dengan teknik PCR @o[ymerase cliairr ~eaclioil)m enggunakan primer P8.3 dan P2 (Griffith el a/. 1998, Griffith R 2000). Produk hasil PCR dimigrasikan pada gel agarose 1.2% yang kemudian divisualisasikan dengan W (ultra violet) transluminator untuk melihat penampakkan fragmen-fragmen DNAnya. Penentuan jenis kelamin pada burung menggunakan sistem determinasi seks WIZ (Griffith 2000). Jenis kelamin betina ditandai dengan munculnya 2 fragmen DNA dan sebaliknya jenis kelamin jantan dengan 1 fragmen DNA. Dan 20 sampel darah burung betet jawa (Psillacftla alexarrdri nlexatrdri) yang diuji terarnplifikasi dengan baik dan diperoleh ukuran sebesar 382 bp untuk kromosom Z, serta 400 bp untuk kromosom W, dan dari hasil analisis DNA ini diperoleh 10 sampel adalah betina dan sisanya jantan. Berdasarkan hasil uji silang pengecekan jenis kelamin dengan karakter morfologi menunjukkan bahwa teknik molekuler dalam ha1 determinasi seks pada burung-bumng monomorfjk seperti betet sangat efektif untuk membedakan jenis kelamin burung-burung muda dan dewasa.
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Judul: The impact of oil fuel price subsidy policy on fiscal and national income performance
Abstrak: The objectives of this study was to analyze the impact of oil fuel price subsidy policy on fiscal and national income performance. A simultaneous equestions econometric model of oil fuel price subsidy was estimated using Two – Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method and SYSLIN procedure for the data set period of 1987-2005. The validation model of the oil fuel price subsidy policy used NEWTON method and SIMNLIN procedure. The government policy to increase oil fuel price subsidy showed that surplus of balance of trade was decreased, and the economic growth was decreased. However, the number of poor people was decreased because the inflation rate was decreased. The government policy to decrease oil fuel price subsidy showed that surplus of balance of trade was increased, fiscal deficit was decreased, and the economic growth was increased. However, the number of poor of people was decreased because inflation rate was decreased and income was increased. As the conclusion, the government policy to decrease oil fuel price subsidy was need to increase the surplus of balance of trade, decrease the deficit fiscal, increase the economic growth, and decrease the number of poor people.
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