Judul: The impact of fertilizer and rice price on the sosial income
Abstrak: it was recorded that the goverment intervention in rice marketing in Indonesia had been initiated since early time of the Dutch Colonial, when Sunan Amangkurat I, in 1655, prohibited the export of rice up to 300 percent (de Vries, 1937). During almost three centuries, the Dutch Colonial Intervention was was a very mild one. During that period of time the goverment only created the climates by prohibiting and encouraging the export and import of rice. It was not until 1939, when "Stichting het Voedingmiddelenfonds" (Goverment Food Foundation) was established, the physical intervention was exercised. The Foundation was assigned to buy, stocking and sell food.
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Judul: Dampak Kebijakan Harga Pembelian Pemerintah terhadap Kesejahteraan Produsen dan Consumen di Indonesia
Abstrak: Government Purchase Price Rice Policy is one of the important instruments in order to ensure national food security. The objectives of this research were to (1) analyze the factors that influence the supply and demand for rice in Indonesia, (2) to analyze the impact of the government purchase price rice policy on the producers’ and consumers’ welfare and, (3) to formulate alternative strategies that could ensure fair welfare distribution to both the producers and the consumers. Four policy alternatives set for the period 2002-2008 were simulated with econometric model of the Indonesian supply and demand of rice industry. Time Series secondary data 1980-2008, especially from BPS, Ministry of Agriculture and BULOG was rice quantitatively analyzed using a system of simultaneous equations econometric model. The econometric model is a simultaneous equations model consisting of eight behavioral equations and three identity equations. The Two Stages Least Squares (2SLS) method was used to estimate the parameters of the behavioral equations in the model. This study showed that the government price rice policy is good for increasing rice production but not the best policy for welfare and as a result the society as a whole is worse off. This study suggests that the government purchase price rice policy should be accompanied with other policies government programs like: (1) increased irrigated area and, (2) increased rice intensification through improved infrastructural development and, (3) high time food diversification is intensified to reduce overdependence on rice.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf