Judul: Pengaruh pemberian pupuk kandang dan mulsa terhadap beberapa sifat fisik dan kimia ultisol serta produksi kedelai
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pupuk kandang dan mulsa terhadap beberapa sifat fisik dan kimia Ultisol, mengetahui seberapa jauh pemberian pupuk kandang dan mulsa dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan air tanah, mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai.
Keyword: Soil physical properties, Soil chemical properties, Production soybean

Judul: Pengaruh pupuk phonska dan mulsa jerami terhadap beberapa sifat fisik dan kimia tanah serta produksi kedelai
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh pemberian pupuk Phonska 15:15:15) dan penggunaan muisa jerami padi pada sifat fisik dan kimia tanah serta madap produksi kedelai pada Vertisol Conggeang, Kabupaten Sumedang, Jawa arat. Perlakuan dosis pupuk Phonska yang diterapkan yaitu PO (0 kg/Ha), P1 (100 Ha) dan P2 (200 kg/Ha). Perlakuan mulsa yang diberikan yaitu JO (0 ton/Ha), 11 2 ton/Ha) dan J2 (4 ton/Ha). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Faktorial Acak Lengkap, dengan analisa ragam untuk mengetahui perlakuan yang memberikan pengaruh nyata dan dilanjutkan dengan uji beda nyata Duncan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan perlakuan pupuk Phonska tidak berpengaruh ata terhadap semua parameter sifat fisik dan kimia tanah yang diuji. Perlakuan mulsa memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap peningkatan permeabilitas, menurunkan hobot isi tanah dan meningkatkan pori air tersedia. Namun demikian, perlakuan mlsa tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap stabilitas agregat, nilai COLE, bobot jenis partikel, porositas total, pori drainase sangat cepat dan pori drainase cepat, kadar N total, P tersedia, K tersedia dan kandungan bahan organik tanah. Interaksi antar perlakuan juga tidak memberikan pengaruh yang uyata terhadap parameter yang diamati. Perlakuan pupuk Phonska, mulsa jerami serta interaksinya juga tidak herpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil bobot kering polong dan biji kedelai. Hasil rata-rata bobot polong terbesar diperoleh pada kombinasi perlakuan pupuk Phonska 100 kg/Ha dan perlakuan muisa 2 ton/Ha (P1J1) yaitu 352.33 g/4 m². Hasil rata-rata biji kedelai terbesar terdapat pada kombinasi perlakuan pupuk Phonska 100 kg/ha dan perlakuan tanpa mulsa (P1J0) yaitu 126.89 g/4 m². Pertumbuhan dan produksi kedelai sangat pengaruhi oleh ketersediaan air selama masa pertumbuhannya dan pengisian polong biji.
Keyword: phonska fertilizer, straw mulch, soybean production

Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Kompleks Spesies Himantura uarnak (Batoidea: Dasyatidae) di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Stingrays are one of the cartilaginous fish, apart of sharks and skates, and one of Indonesia's fishery resources. Almost of elasmobranch fishes are economically important fish. The refined products and live specimens of this fish are a lot of traded. Himantura uarnak, H. undulata and H. leoparda are stingray species in Himantura and Dasyatidae family, which are the most popular stingrays in Indonesia waters. The stingrays are major target species were used as a consumable product and trading products. Levels of species diversity of cartilaginous fish in Indonesia are very high, and also Indonesia is listed as one of the countries that use elasmobranch resources the highest in the world. Generally, this study aims to identify each species of H. uarnak species complex through molecular approaches. While specifically, this study aims to estimate the evolutionary process of species divergence and to determine the relationship between species. The methods were used in this study included field sampling, sample collection, and specimen identification, collection of genetic samples, analysis of genetic samples and data analysis . Size polymorphism nuclear DNA markers (intron EPIC) were used. Polymorphism alleles translated into genotypes and alleles frequency of five introns loci. The results of Bayesian analysis and Correspondence Analysis (CA) produced informative diagram of the population structure showed 4 different clusters. Cluster 1 and 4 were H. leoparda, Cluster 2 indicated as H. undulata and the Cluster 3 was H. uarnak. Cluster 1 was a variant of Cluster 4, in this time called as H. leoparda var.1. Separation of four clusters according to nuclear DNA need to be proved by mitochondria DNA maker by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b). Molecular approaches were using mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b produced 4 main groups (Group I, II, III and IV). Both of these molecular approaches showed each individual of groups were in consistent clade and the main group. Hence the H. uarnak species complex in Indonesian waters were divided into 4 main groups, and each was a particular species. The Group I and IV were the two group species that have been released as H. leoparda and Group I was H. leoparda var. 1 identified as cryptic species. Group II was one individual who grouped as H. undulata. Group III was one of other group that identified as H. uarnak and in accordance with the morphological characteristic through spotting pettern. Morphological approach to identified the stingrays of Himantura uarnak species complex clearly less accurate than the molecular approaches. Morphological approach should not be used to identify a species complex in stingrays without helped by other approaches.
Keyword: Himantura uarnak species complex, intron EPIC, cyt b, COI, spotting pattern