Judul: Pest Quarantine Interception as a Basis of Plant Quarantine Early Warning System.
Abstrak: Interception is detection activity of quarantine pests during inspection or testing of imported consignment. The aim of interception is to identify quarantine pest which camed out by consignment. Interception is very important for the plant quarantine because. It can prevent distribution of quarantine pests in Indonesia. This research is aimed to study the system of pest interception in plant quarantine including the mechanism, human resources, existing facilities, infrastructures, and information management of the interception results. The data was collected from BBKP Soekamo-Hatta, Jakarta; BBKP Tanjung Priok, Jakarta; BBKP Belawan, Medan; BBKP Batam; BBKP Surabaya, and BKP Oenpasar. The methods were used this study were field observation for BBKP Soekarno-Hatta and BBKP Tanjung Priok as well as using questioner and interview for all stations (BPKP/BPK). The result of the study shows that there was no standardized of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for interception mechanism, sample treatment, and information distribution for early warning system. It is suggested that there should be one standardized SOP for the interception mechanism and early warning system to distribute the interception results to other quarantine stations. Based on volume and frequency of inspections, there were insufficient numbers of officers. It is suggested that increasing number of human resources with appropriate educational background are required. Most frequently intercepted quarantine pests in Tanjung Priok Plant Quarantine Station were fungi and weeds; and fungi and nematode in SoekarnoHatta Plant Quarantine Station. Quarantine pests category A 1 which intercepted during 2006 and 2007 at Plant Quarantine Stations of Tanjung Prick and Soekarno-Hatta were Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Clavibacter michiganensis sub sp. michiganensis, Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV), Tobacco Streak Virus (TSV), Rice Stripe Tenuivirus (RSV). Strawberry latent Ring Spot Nepovirus (SlRSV) and Helminthosporium soIani.
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Judul: Study Invasive Alien Insects and Plants Species in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Agricultural Quarantine Agency (AQA) is developing a duty to prevent the entry and spread of invasive alien species in Indonesia. This study was conducted to analyze the potency of alien species listed in quarantine pests, introduction intentionally through import, and introduction unintentionally through contamination of imports plant products to become invasive and quarantine pest, its revenue through import intentionally, and unintentionally income through contamination of plant products imports. This is done to make an inventory of invasive alien species, to know the character of invasive and existence in Indonesia. This study has focus on the species of insects and plants. Data were obtained from the inventory insects and plants listed as quarantine pests, sampling of imported agricultural and forestry products such as seed or non-seed to detect and identify contaminant species, the results AQA interception in 2010-2011, collection of interception at Agricultural Quarantine of Tanjung Priok Sea Port and Soekarno Hatta Air Port, as well as survey of plants to the nursery in Jabodetabek and Karawang. In addition, the data of imported living plants, seeds and non-seeds in 2010-2011 BARANTAN were also analyzed. All data were compared to the list of invasive species in Global Invasive Species Database (GISD). The dentified that were listed in GISD were classified as invasive species, and then were studied their bioecology, historical invasion, and impact. Species that are not included in the list of GISD performed invasive potential of information retrieval. The results showed that 12 species of insects and 3 species of weeds listed in the quarantine pests could be classified as invasive species. Five species as contaminants of imported products were invasive insect species and 37 were found plants. The invasive insects Agrilus sulcicollis and Megacyllene robiniae not exist in Indonesia and are not listed in the quarantine pests and GISD. Five of invasive plants which are not exist in Indonesia were Cirsium vulgare, Cirsium arvense (quarantine pest A1 category), Centaurea melitensis, Lepidium virginicum, and Melilotus albus. Introduction invasive alien plants were imported and the results of survey there are 18 invasive plants species of GISD. One of 18 plants species is known as quarantine pest A2 category (Asystasia gangetica subsp. micrantha). The invasive alien species that do not exist in Indonesia can be used as target material monitoring and revision is a list quarantine pest. Management of invasive species in the pre-border needs to be improved by making the target invasive species inspection, increased expertise of identification, improvement of the quality standards of imported products, and the acceptance of the application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures as well as.
Keyword: insects, plants, alien, invasive, and quarantine

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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