Judul: Analysis of Potential Application of Cleaner Production and Water Footprint Analysis in Small-Scale Sweet Potato Flour Industry
Abstrak: Penggunaan air pada industri tepung ubi jalar masih belum diketahui. Identifikasi penggunaan air dilakukan dengan menghitung water footprint pada proses produksi dan penanaman ubi jalar. Penggunaan air pada penanaman ubi jalar sebanyak 33,33 liter/ton dan untuk produksi tepung ubi jalar sebanyak 666,67 liter/ton, Sekali produksi membutuhkan 300 kg ubi jalar untuk menghasilkan tepung sebanyak 152,4 kg. Pembuatan tepung ubi jalar menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 50,8%. Produksi tepung ubi jalar masih memiliki beberapa masalah seperti kerusakan pada mesin penggilingan, pengeringan yang belum efisien dan masih belum diterapkannya SOP yang jelas dalam proses produksi serta masih menghasilkan limbah berupa kulit ubi jalar. Perlu metode untuk menangani proses yang menghasilkan limbah. Identifikasi alternatif produksi bersih dilakukan dengan metode quick scan dan pembobotannya menggunakan metode AHP. Kelayakan rancangan produksi bersih dianalisa dengan kelayakan teknis, lingkungan, ekonomi, dan sosial. Alternatif yang diberikan setelah dilakukan pembobotan dan analisis kelayakan adalah pelatihan pemilihan bahan baku ubi jalar dan SOP pembuatan tepung, pelaksanaan pelatihan good manufacturing practice, perbaikan mesin penggilingan, penerapan pengeringan menggunakan pengering efek rumah kaca, dan pemanfaatan limbah kulit ubi jalar cacat menjadi ransum ternak. Dengan penerapan produksi bersih dan diketahuinya total penggunaan air diharapkan industri tepung ubi jalar dapat menjadi industri yang berkelanjutan., The use of water in the sweet potato flour industry is still unknown. Identification of water use is done by calculating the water footprint in the process of producing and planting sweet potatoes. The use of water in the planting of sweet potatoes as much as 33.33 liters / ton and for the production of sweet potato flour as much as 666.67 liters / ton. Once production requires 300 kg of sweet potatoes to produce flour as much as 152.4 kg. The manufacture of sweet potato flour produces a yield of 50.8%. The production of sweet potato flour still has some problems such as damage to the milling machine, drying that has not been efficient and still has not applied a clear SOP in the production process and still produces waste in the form of sweet potato skin. It needs a method to handle the processes that produce waste. Identification of clean production alternatives is done by quick scan method and weighting using the AHP method. The feasibility of a clean production design is analyzed with technical, environmental, economic, and social feasibility. Alternatives provided after weighting and feasibility analysis are the training of the selection of sweet potato raw materials and sop of making flour, the implementation of good manufacturing practice training, repair of milling machines, the application of drying using greenhouse effect dryers, and the utilization of stained sweet potato skin waste into livestock rations. With the application of clean production and the known total use of water, it is expected that the sweet potato flour industry can become a sustainable industry.
Keyword: Produksi bersih, Tepung ubi jalar, Ubi jalar, Water Footprint

Judul: Kajian Peluang Penerapan Produksi Bersih Pada Industri Tahu Bandung (Studi Kasus di Industri Tahu PD XYZ Kota Serang)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi potensi efisiensi produksi dengan menganalisa penerapan produksi bersih pada proses produksi tahu. Metode yang digunakan diantaranya tahap wawancara atau quick scan, identifikasi limbah dan inefisiensi (loss), identifikasi peluang produksi bersih, dan analisis kelayakan dari aspek teknis, lingkungan, dan ekonomi, serta penentuan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih. Tahapan proses pembuatan tahu yaitu perendaman, pencucian, penggilingan, pemasakan, penyaringan dan pengepresan, penggumpalan, penyaringan, pencetakan, pengepresan dan pemotongan, serta pewarnaan. Limbah yang terbentuk pada proses pembuatan tahu adalah limbah padat dan limbah cair yangdihasilkan selama proses produksi berlangsung. Konsumsi energi pada bagian produksi sebesar 41,509 MJ/kg kedelai dan bagian non produksi sebesar 0,0313 MJ/kg kedelai. Alternatif produksi bersih yang direkomendasikan yaitu (1) pencucian kedelai secara bertahap dengan nilai PBP 0,13 tahun dan B/C ratio 4,7 (2) penerapan Good Manufacturing Practice dengan nilai PBP 0,12 tahun dan B/C ratio 5,28 (3) penggunaan boiler untuk pemasakan sistem uap dengan nilai PBP 0,13 tahun dan B/C ratio 4,2 (4) pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari whey dengan nilai PBP 0,01 tahun dan B/C ratio 4,3 (5) pemanfaatan limbah cair menjadi biogas dengan nilai PBP 0,29 tahun dan B/C ratio 3,6. Berdasarkan hasil dari pemilihan prioritas peluang produksi bersih yang dilakukan didapatkan prioritas pertama yaitu pembuatan pupuk organik cair dari whey, This research aims to identify the potential of production efficiency by analyzing the application of cleaner production to the tofu production process. The methods used include the interview or quick scan stage, identification of waste and inefficiency (loss), identification of cleaner production opportunities, and feasibility analysis of technical, environmental, and economic aspects, as well as prioritizing the implementation of cleaner production. The stages of tofu manufacturing process are soaking, washing, grinding, cooking, filtering and pressing, clumping, filtering, printing, pressing and cutting, and coloring. The waste formed in the tofu manufacturing process is solid waste and liquid waste produced during the production process. Energy consumption in the production section amounted to 41,509 MJ / kg ofsoybeans andnon-production parts of 0.0313 MJ / kg ofsoybeans. Recommended net production alternatives are (1) gradual soy washing with a PBP value of 0.13 years and B /C ratio of 4.7 (2) the application of Good Manufacturing Practicewith a PBP value of0.12 years anda B/C ratio of 5.28 (3) the use of boilers for steam system cooking with a PBP value of 0.13 years and a B/C ratio of 4.2 (4) making liquid organic fertilizer from whey with a PBP value of 0.01 years and B/C ratio of 4.3 (5) utilization of liquid waste into biogas with a PBP value of 0.29 years and a B/C ratio of 3.6. Based on the results of the selection of priority of cleaner production opportunities carried out, the first priority is the manufacture ofliquid organic fertilizer from whey.
Keyword: Cleaner Production, B/C ratio, Industry Tofu

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship