Judul: Analisis Potensi Waktu Tanam Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan pada Wilayah Tidak Terkena dan Terkena Dampak ENSO dan IOD di Sentra Produksi Padi Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus : Kabupaten Indramayu dan Cianjur).
Abstrak: Timing of planting is part of the strategy of food cultivation. Increased fluctuations, the frequency and intensity of climate anomalies in the last decade caused by ENSO and IOD phenomena can have serious repercussions on food crops because of the early rainy season and dry season was delayed. Indramayu is one of the rice-producing centers in West Java, most of the area influenced by both ENSO and IOD. So in that area have an early shift planting time, while other rice-producing centers such as Cianjur mostly unaffected area either by ENSO and IOD. To determine the potential of planting time required analysis of water resource potential of integrating the components of climate, soil, and plants into a system. The study aims to determine the potential of good rice-planting time in the El-Nino, a positive IOD years or normal years and knowing the potential difference when planted in areas affected and not affected by ENSO and IOD. Planting time is determined based on an index of adequacy of water more than 0.8 and the potential loss of less than 20%. This two value is determined at the critical phase of the rice plant at flowering stage and grain filling. With the stipulation that the best planting time scenario obtained when the critical phase of plant have no water deficit, so that water sufficiency index values of more than 80% and the potential loss of less than 20%. The results showed that in normal conditions in the area of Krangkeng Indramayu, potential planting time can be done in the month from October to December. But in the year of El Nino events, rice planting can only be done in December. While the positive IOD events, planting can be done in mid-November until the end of January. For Ciranjang Cianjur district, in the normal years planting can be done in mid-September until the end of February. While the conditions of El Nino and IOD does not shift the start time of planting. During strong El Nino occurred simultaneously with the positive IOD in rainfed land, the rice can not be planted in Krangkeng. Different conditions occur in areas Ciranjang, the potential planting time can be done almost the same as planting time when normal conditions.
Keyword: 

Judul: Determination of The Rice Cropping Calendar based on ENSO (El Niño Southern Oscillation) and IOD (Indian Ocean Dipole) phenomena in Monsoon and Equatorial Regions.
Abstrak: Increasing fluctuation and more frequent climate anomaly in the last decade due to ENSO and IOD phenomena has severe implications on food crops. Therefore, a sound planting season adaptation strategy is needed in the efforts to enhance sustainable food security. Research has been conducted in West Java (Monsoon rainfall pattern) and West Sumatera (Equatorial rainfall pattern)province. Analysis of the correlation between ENSO and the IOD with rainfall has been carried out to find the relationship between ENSO and the IOD with rainfall in the period from December to February, March to May, June to August, and September to November. Water Satisfaction Index and irrigation rice-field water balance was used to obtain optimal planting time. Artificial Neural Network was used to rainfall prediction for improvement of cropping pattern planning. Interviews with farmers to study the adaptation measures of farmers against the impact of drought. The spatial distribution of partial correlations between rainfalls with ENSO and IOD over West Sumatera and West Java indicated a significant impact on rainfall anomalies along the period of September – November. The ENSO and IOD events had a wider impact in West Java, which was known as a monsoon rainfall pattern especially over northern part of West Java. On the other hand, there was only a little impact of the ENSO and IOD on rainfall anomalies in the south-western West Sumatera. In the period of June-November the impact to rice- field in West Sumatera was only about 20% while, the impact in West Java could reach up to 80%. In the region affected by strong ENSO and IOD like Indramayu, impact of ENSO and IOD has delayed the peak of early planting by more than 6 dekads. The peak of early planting occurred in November III/ December I could reach up 30% due to ENSO and 35% due to IOD. The period-stratified ENSO variability had delayed planting time by 2 to 5 dekads in monsoon rainfall pattern (West Java) and 1 dekads in equatorial pattern (West Sumatera). Meanwhile, the period-stratified IOD variability in West Sumatera and West Java had delayed planting time by 1 to 2 dekads. Result of the prediction showed that the period of September 2010 to February 2011 was above normal. Wet conditions resulted in the potential of planting time 1 dekads earlier on rain-fed land and 2 dekads earlier on irrigated land than in normal conditions. Adaptation by farmers to climate anomalies was more apparent in a monsoon rainfall pattern area with various efforts in the utilization of water resources, i.e. pumping technology, the adjustment of planting time by 2-3 dekads and changing crop rotation from paddy-paddy-palawija into paddy-palawija.
Keyword: Curah Hujan

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
Keyword: