Judul: The Development Design of Sustainable Perennial Horticulture in Upper Ciliwung Watershed
Abstrak: Hydrological condition of upper Ciliwung watershed is critical due to rapid decrease of the forest and perennial vegetation area which has a main function to regulate water especially to catch and deliver rainfalls into the soil as part of hydrological cycle. To improve hydrological condition of upper watershed as a catchment area it is necessary to develop perennial vegetation which are economically beneficial, environmentally friendly as well as socially accepted by the community. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to develop sustainable land development design based on perennial horticulture in the Upper Ciliwung Watershed, with special objectives : 1) to identify existing perennial horticulture, 2) to analyse perennial horticulture economically beneficial, environmentally friendly and socially accepted, 3) to develop recommendation of perennial horticulture development in upper Ciliwung watershed. Land suitability was identified by automated land evaluation and suitability (ALES) method, meanwhile selection of existing perennial horticulture was identified by using comparative performance index (CPI) method. Financial analysis was conducted by using benefit cost ratio (B/C), internal rate of return (IRR), and net present value (NPV). Recommendation zones of development were identified by combination method of land suitability, the number and distribution of selected perennial horticulture commodities in every land units as well as limitation of maximum 3 commodities to develop for each land unit. This research has identified and delineated land units, 30 land units above 700 m and 21 land units below 700 m. Existing 24 perennial horticultures and their distribution have been identified and predicted. Ten of 24 commodities were identified and selected such as jack fruit, longan , durian, Gnetum gnemon, mango, avocado,rambutan, Mangifera odorata, Parkia sp, Pithecellobium. Combination of land suitability, the number and distribution of selected perennial horticulture commodities in every land units as well as limitation of maximum 3 commodities to develop for each land unit has been used to recommend the development of perennial horticulture in every land unit. Jack fruit, avocado and longan are dominant crops recommended as a general commodities to develop. Longan indicates the highest NPV (Rp. 42.278.400,-), meanwhile Pithecellobium is the lowest (Rp. 26.938.218 ,-). Combination of avocado-jack fruit-longan indicates the highest NPV (Rp. 38.779.187,-). Recommendation based on zones of development as well as villages have been developed as a guidance for practical implementation. In term of sustainability, land allocation for perennial horticulture is relatively small (24%), however it has been optimally utilized which contribute high NPV. There are positive correlation between areal of perennial horticulture and farmer’s iii intention as well as farmer’s intention and knowledge of farmers on perennial horticulture
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Judul: Development of agroecological based horticultural crops on sloping land in Upstream of Jeneberang Watershed, South Sulawesi
Abstrak: The aims of this study were to evaluate the land capability and suitability for horticultural crops, to determine the suitable forest management method to minimize the erosion, to determine the sustainability of horticultural crops farming, and to formulate model design of agroecology-based horticultural crops development on sloping land in upstream of Jeneberang watershed, South Sulawesi, conducted from April 2009 until December 2009. The first step of this study was determination of land capability using USDA method. The second step was determination of land suitability using FAO method. The third step was erotion prediction using USLE method. The forth step was sustainability analysis using Multi Dimensional Scalling (MDS)-Rapfarm method. The last step was design the dynamical model using Stella 9.0.2 program analysis. Classes of land capability in upstream of Jeneberang watershed were class II, III, IV,VI and VII with limiting factors of drainage, root zone barrier, and erosion danger. Classes of actual land suitability for fruits commodity on land with elevation < 700 m above sea level (asl) were S2 and S3, with limiting factors of nutrient retention, root medium and erosion danger, and classes of potential land suitability were S1, S2, and S3. Classes of actual land suitability for vegetables commodity (potato, mustard, carrot, cabbage, and scallion) with elevation ≥ 700 m asl were S2, S3, and N, limiting factors of nutrient retention, root medium and erosion danger, and classes of potential land suitability were S1, S2, and S3. Erosion happened in upstream of Jeneberang watershed was 2.57 ton/ha/year until 5.764,82 ton/ha/year. Farming sustainability index of fruits about 41,90 – 54,41 and vegetables about 39,58 – 64,85. Ecology, economy, institution, and technology dimensions include to enough sustainable category, whereas social dimension include to less sustainable category. Result of leverage Rap-farm analysis showed that in 43 attributes, 9 attributes were sensitive to affect fruits farming and 23 attributes were sensitive to vegetables farming. Dynamical model simulation of fruits horticultural development showed erosion reduction, productivity and sales value improvement in year of 10, whereas vegetables commodity in year of 9. Moderate and optimistic scenario more effective in decreasing erosion and increasing productivity and sales value. Model scenario simulation in 2020 for rambutan commodity, erosion prediction at moderate scenario was 3,35 ton/ha/year, and optimistic scenario was 2,56 ton/ha/year, productivity was 6.222,3 kg/ha with sales value Rp. 34.512.298. Model scenario simulation in 2019 for potato commodity, erosion prediction that happened at moderate scenario was 27,80 ton/ha/year, and optimistic scenario was 21,07 ton/ha/year, productivity was 8.724,43 kg/ha with sales value Rp. 34.897.720. Base on, moderate scenario can use of development of agroecological based horticultural crops in Gowa Regency.
Keyword: South Sulawesi

Judul: Kimiawi imunoglobulin G serta perbedaabbya antara berbagi species hewan
Abstrak: Antibodi adalah molekul protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel plasma sebagai akibat interaksi antara limfosit B peka antigen dengan antigen khusus. Antibodi ini disebut juga imunoglobulin karena molekulnya berbentuk globulin. Jadi imunoglobulin merupakan molekul protein yang membawa akti- vitas antibodi, yaitu sifat kombinasi spesifik dengan zat yang mendatangkan formasi antigen. Diantara kelas imunoglobulin, Ig G adalah yang paling melimpah dalam serum darah. Ig G ini memainkan peran utama dalam mekanisme pertahanan. Ig G merupakan struktur glikoprotein dengan dasar bentuk bangunan diagram tetrapolipeptida yang mengandung 4 ran tai polipeptida dengan 2 rantai berat (H) yang identik dan 2 rantai ringan L) yang identik. Rantai polipeptida ini di bentuk oleh rangkaian asam amino. Tiap rantai berat (H) me ngandung 446 residu asam amino dengam BM (2 x 50.000) Dal ton dan tiap rantai ringan (L) mengandung residu asam amino 213() atau 214 () dengan BM (2 x 25.000) Dalton. Bagian variabel dari rantai berat (VH) mengandung 118 residu asam amino dan bagian variabel rantai ringan (VL) mengandung 108 () atau 109 () residu, sedangkan residu sisanya dari masing-masing rantai adalah bagian konstan (CH dan CL). Adanya perbedaan-perbedaan dalam hal asam amino pada salah satu daerah variabel dapat menyebabkan perbedaan imun respon. ...
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