Judul: Penerapan GDFP dan GMiP Usaha Peternakan Rakyat Kawasan Peri-Urban Kecamatan Pangalengan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengevaluasi penerapan GDFP dan GMiP pada perusahaan peternakan rakyat sapi perah dengan populasi lebih dari 10 ekor pada kawasan peri-urban. Evaluasi penerapan GDFP meliputi aspek pembibitan dan reproduksi, aspek pakan dan air minum, aspek pengelolaan, aspek kandang dan peralatan, aspek kesehatan hewan serta aspek kesejahteraan hewan. Evaluasi penerapan GMiP dilakukan pada aspek sebelum pemerahan, saat pemerahan, dan setelah pemerahan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan Good Dairy Farming Practices (GDFP) dan Good Milking Practices (GMiP) pada perusahaan peternakan sapi perah rakyat kawasan peri-urban Kecamatan Pangalengan secara keseluruhan sudah diterapkan dengan baik. Aspek GDFP yang sudah diterapkan dengan baik diantaranya reproduksi dan pembibitan, manajemen pakan dan air minum, pengelolaan, kesehatan hewan, dan aspek kesejahteraan ternak, sedangkan aspek GMiP yang sudah diterapkan dengan baik yaitu pada proses sebelum pemerahan dan sesudah pemerahan. Hal ini juga diikuti dengan rata-rata produksi susu yang cukup baik di Kecamatan Pangalengan.
Keyword: good dairy farming practice, good milking practice, Pangalengan, peri-urban, sapi perah

Judul: Penerapan GDFP dan GMiP Peternakan Sapi Perah Rakyat Kawasan Rural Kecamatan Pangalengan Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia didominasi oleh peternakan sapi perah skala kecil. Peternakan sapi perah rakyat dikelola oleh petani dengan skala kecil dan manajemen tradisional. Manajemen profesional adalah salah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan produksi susu dalam hal kuantitas dan kualitas pada sapi perah. Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) dan Good Milking Practice (GMiP) adalah pedoman untuk meningkatkan usaha peternakan sapi perah dan kualitas susu yang dihasilkan. Studi ini mempelajari penerapan GDFP dan GMiP pada peternakan sapi perah rakyat kawasan Rural dengan populasi di bawah 10 ekor. Berdasarkan data sekunder kependudukan Kecamatan Pangalengan yang masuk kawasan rural atau pedesaan meliputi Desa Banjarsari, Desa Margaluyu, Desa Pulosari, dan Desa Tribaktimulya. Penerapan GDFP mencakup aspek pembibitan dan reproduksi, memberi makan dan minum, manajemen, kandang dan peralatan, kesehatan hewan, dan kesejahteraan hewan. Penerapan GMiP mencakup proses penanganan sapi dan peralatan memerah susu sebelum memerah susu, selama memerah susu, dan setelah memerah susu. Penerapan Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) di peternakan rakyat sapi perah kawasan rural Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat secara keseluruhan sudah diterapkan dengan baik oleh peternak. Penerapan Good Milking Practices (GMiP) secara keseluruhan diterapkan cukup baik. Produksi hasil rataan susu peternaka rakyat kawasan rural tergolong tinggi yakni sebesar 14,15 L ekor-1 hari-1.
Keyword: good dairy farming practice, good milking, practice, rural, dairy cows, dairy farm

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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