Judul: Substitution of Soybean Meal with Defatted Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larvae Meal in Starter Concentrate on Rumen Fermentation of Lambs
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh substitusi sebagian bungkil kedelai dengan defatted Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal terhadap fermentasi rumen (in vivo) domba masa pertumbuhan. Penelitian menggunakan 10 ekor domba lokal (berat badan rata-rata 13,95 ± 3,07 kg) yang dibagi rata menjadi 2 perlakuan pakan, yaitu: P1 = konsentrat starter (22% bungkil kedelai) dan P2 = konsentrat starter (11% bungkil kedelai + 10% defatted BSF larvae meal. Peubah yang diukur adalah pH rumen, konsentrasi VFA total, VFA parsial, NH3, gas metan, populasi protozoa rumen dan bakteri rumen. Data dianalisis menggunakan Independent Sample T-test. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa 10% defatted BSF larvae meal dalam konsentrat starter cenderung meningkatkan (P=0,07) proporsi butirat, namun tidak mempengaruhi (P>0,05) pH rumen, populasi bakteri total dan protozoa, konsentrasi NH3, gas metan dan VFA total. Penggunaan 10% defatted BSF larvae meal untuk mensubstitusi 50% bungkil kedelai di dalam konsentrat starter tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap fermentasi rumen (in vivo) domba masa pertumbuhan., The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of partial substitution of soybean meal with defatted Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal on the rumen fermentation (in vivo) of growing lambs. This experiment used 10 local growing lambs (average body weight of 13.95 ± 3.07 kg) which are equally allocated into 2 dietary treatments, namely: P1 = starter concentrate (22% soybean meal) and P2 = starter concentrate (11% soybean meal + 10% defatted BSF larvae meal). The variables measured were rumen pH, total VFA concentration, partial VFA, NH3, methane, population of rumen protozoa and bacteria. Data were analyzed using an Independent Sample T-test. The result showed that 10% defatted BSF larvae meal in starter concentrate tended to increase (P=0.07) the proportion of butyrate, while it did not affect (P>0.05) rumen pH, population of bacteria total and protozoa, concentration NH3, methane, and total VFA. It can be concluded that 10% defatted BSF larvae meal to substitute 50% of SBM in starter concentrate did not negatively affect rumen fermentation (in vivo) of growing lambs.
Keyword: black soldier fly, rumen fermentability, starter concentrate

Judul: Subtitution of Soybean Meal With Defatted Black Soldier Larvae Meal in Starter Concentrate on Performance of Lamb
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan substitusi bungkil kedelai dengan defatted Black Soldier Fly larvae meal pada konsentrat starter terhadap performa domba fase pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor anak domba fase pertumbuhan umur 5 bulan dengan bobot badan 13,95±3,07 kg dan ditempatkan pada kandang individu. Domba dibagi menjadi 2 perlakuan yaitu P1 = konsentrat starter mengandung 22% bungkil kedelai + hijauan, P2 = konsentrat starter mengandung (11% bungkil kedelai + 10% defatted BSF larvae meal) + hijauan. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumsi nutrien (konsumsi bahan kering, konsumsi protein kasar, konsumsi lemak kasar, konsumsi serat kasar, konsumsi bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen dan konsumsi total digestible nutrient), pertambahan bobot badan harian, efisiensi pakan dan income over feed cost. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji-T (Independent Sample T-Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan defatted BSF larvae meal tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi nutrien, pertambahan bobot badan harian, efisiensi pakan dan income over feed cost (IOFC)., This research aimed to determine the substitution of soybean meal with defatted Black Soldier Fly larvae meal in starter concentrate on performance of lamb in growth phase. A total of 10 growing lambs were used in this study (5 months, 13.95±3.07 kg). The lambs were divided into 2 treatments, name up P1 = starter concentrate containing 22% soybean meal + forage, P2 = starter concentrate containing 11% soybean meal + 10% defatted BSF larvae meal + forage. The parameters measured were nutrient intake (dry matter intake, crude protein intake, crude fat intake, crude fiber intake, nitrogen free extract intake and total digestible nutrient intake), average daily gain, feed efficiency, and income over feed cost. The data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed that the substitution of soybean meal with defatted Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal did not significantly affect (P>0,05) nutrient intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency and income over feed cost (IOFC).
Keyword: defatted Black Soldier Fly larvae meal, feed intake, growing lambs, performance

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology