Judul: Histopathological Lesions of Broiler Chicken Pancreas Organs up to 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Kematian merupakan proses biologis yang ditandai dengan alat vital tubuh yang berhenti bekerja. Waktu kematian dapat diketahui dengan melakukan proses forensik. Forensik Veteriner bertujuan untuk menemukan cedera, penyakit atau kelainan, dan untuk menafsirkan temuan-temuan pada sampel organ yang diamati. Ayam broiler merupakan salah satu ayam yang berasal dari turunan ayam hutan (spesies Gallus) yang didomestikasi dalam waktu yang lama. Ayam broiler dapat dijadikan sebagai hewan model pembusukan bagi unggas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini mempelajari gambaran histopatologi organ pankreas 48 jam setelah kematian pada ayam broiler. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu dengan melakukan euthanasia ayam broiler sebanyak 75 ekor, kemudian ayam dikelompokkan dalam 25 kelompok dan diamati perubahannya setiap 2 jam sekali selama 48 jam setelah kematian. Pengamatan dilakukan menggunakan image j untuk kuantifikasi gambar menjadi data. Data yang dihasilkan diuji menggunakan uji korelasi Pearsons. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu jarak antar lobular asinar semakin meluas, kerapatan sel asinar yang menurun, kerusakan jaringan dan terdapat bakteri. Pengamatan mikroskopis secara keseluruhan memberikan informasi bahwa terdapat perubahan yang menciri dan bertahap dari pankreas sampai 48 jam setelah kematian dan perubahan ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam menentukan waktu kematian ayam untuk keperluan forensik veteriner dan juga untuk penentuan status kesegaran karkas dalam higiene daging., Death is a biological process marked by the body's vital organs stop working. The time of death can be determined by conducting a forensic process. Veterinary Forensics aims to find injuries, diseases or abnormalities, and to interpret the findings on the organ samples being studied. Broiler chickens can be used as animal models of decay for poultry. The purpose of this study is to examine the histopathological lesions of the pancreas 48 hours after death in broiler chickens. A total of 75 broiler chickens were euthanized and were grouped into 25 groups. Observation for pathological changes was performed every 2 hours for 48 hours after death. A software of Image J was used for quantification of pathological images into quantitative data and followed by a statistical analysis using a Pearsons correlation test. The histopathological lesions obtained were the distance between the lobular acinar was expanded, the acinar cell density was decreased, tissue damaged and the presence of bacteria. Based on all mentioned above, there was gradual histopathological lesions in pancreas up to 48 hours and we suggested that these results can be used for estimating the time of death for veterinary forensic purposes as well as for meat freshness and hygiene status.
Keyword: broiler chicken, decomposition, histopathology, pancreas, veterinary forensic

Judul: Microscopic Changes in the Ventricular Organ of Broiler Chickens (Gallus domesticus) Up to 48 Hours after Death
Abstrak: Penentuan waktu kematian pada ayam broiler dapat dilihat dari proses pembusukan yang terjadi pada jasad. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mikroskopis organ ventrikulus ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) sampai 48 jam setelah kematian. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai waktu interval post mortem dan sebagai sumber acuan untuk pengembangan ilmu forensik hewan dibidang perunggasan. Salah satu metode untuk menentukan waktu interval post mortem adalah melalui pengamatan mikroskopis terhadap perubahan post mortem yang terjadi pada organ ventrikulus ayam broiler. Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur 7 hari yang dieuthanasia dengan cara dislokasi persendian leher pada waktu yang bersamaan, kemudiaan diamati 3 ekor ayam per dua jam sampai 48 jam setelah kematian. Analisis perubahan kerapatan tunika mukosa, warna tunika submukosa, dan tunika muskularis organ ventrikulus menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ untuk mengubah warna menjadi data kuantitatif dengan satuan pixel, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis Pearson untuk melihat korelasi hubungan antara interval waktu post mortem dengan perubahan mikroskopis post mortem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan mikroskopis yang terjadi pada organ ventrikulus ayam broiler sampai 48 jam setelah kematian meliputi perubahan kerapatan tunika mukosa yang semakin merenggang serta mengalami deskuamasi dari lapisan koilin, warna tunika submukosa pucat pada akhir pengamatan, dan warna tunika muskularis semakin pucat serta terdapat celah-celah pada bagian tunika muskularis pada akhir pengamatan., Determination of the time of death in broiler chickens can be observed from the decay process that occurs in the body. This study aims to determine the microscopic changes of the ventricular organ of broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) up to 48 hours after death. The results of this study are expected to provide information about after-death time intervals and as a reference sources for the development of animal forensic science in the poultry field. One method to determine after-death time intervals is through microscopic observation of the changes that occurring in the ventricular organ of broiler chickens after death. A total of 75 broilers aged seven days were euthanized through neck joint dislocation at the same time, then observed three chickens per two hours up to 48 hours after death. Analysis of changes in the density of the tunica mucosa, the colour of the tunica submucosa, and the muscularis of the ventricular organs using the ImageJ application to convert the colour into quantitative data in pixel. Data Analysed was using Pearson analysis test to see the correlation between after death time interval and after death microscopic changes. The results showed that the microscopic changes in ventricular organ of broiler chickens up to 48 hours after death included changes in the density of the tunica mucosa that was loosened also desquamation of stratum koilin, the colour of the tunica submucosa was pale at the end of the observation, and the colour of the tunica muscularis was getting paler and there were gaps in the muscularis at the end of the observation.
Keyword: broiler chickens, decomposition, veterinary forensic pathology, ventriculus

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4