Judul: Produksi dan Pendapatan Usahatani Padi Petani Anggota dan Non Anggota Kelompok Tani di Desa Kopo Kecamatan Cisarua Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Rice is one of the leading food crops in the Kopo village. The production rate of rice in Kopo village is various. One of the causes of this diversity is the difference in group membership. This leads to the difference in the farmer income level of rice farming in Kopo village. In order to find out the difference in the level of production and income caused by the difference in the group membership, it is important to do this research. The aims of this research were to : (1) analyze the factors affecting rice production of member and non-member of farmer group in Kopo village and (2) compare the income level of member and non-member of farmer group in Kopo village. The technique of data collection was purposive sampling method by using questionnaire as a tool to interview a total of 77 samples. The method of data processing was done by using Cobb Douglas’ production function analysis and income analysis. The result showed that the factors of seed production, manure, female labor within the family, female labor outside the family and farmer group membership were significantly influenced the rice production. The result of income analysis showed that based on the membership of farmer group, the farmers that belonged to the membership had greater income than those not belong to the membership with the R/C ratio over the total cost of 2.15. Farming income based on the land ownership status showed that farmers who rented the land had higher income level than those who owned the land with the value of R/C ratio at the total expense of 2.22. Based on the membership status of farmer group and land ownership, the income level of farmer group members who rented the land was higher than that with other characteristics. To increase the level of production and income, it could be suggested that the farmers could use the factors that influence the production significantly and join the farmer group membership.
Keyword: farmer group membership, income analysis, production analysis, farming, rice

Judul: Factors Affecting Farmers Decisions in Switching Professions to Non Farmers (Case study: Rice Farmers in Pamijahan District, Bogor)
Abstrak: Kecamatan Pamijahan sebagai sentra produksi padi ketiga di Kabupaten Bogor mengalami permasalahan perubahan struktur tenaga kerja dan mengalami penurunan jumlah tenaga kerja sektor pertanian. Peralihan profesi tersebut dapat berdampak pada menurunnya produksi padi di Kecamatan Pamijahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis persepsi petani padi terhadap manfaat usahatani bagi keluarga petani; (2) menganalisis tingkat pendapatan usahatani padi; (3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan petani dalam bertahan atau beralih profesi ke non petani di Kecamatan Pamijahan. Penelitian ini mengggunakan metode analisis deskriptif (skala Likert), analisis pendapatan, dan regresi logistik biner. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa: (1) mayoritas petani setuju bahwa pertanian padi sawah memberikan manfaat terkait dengan aspek ekonomi, sosial, dan lingkungan bagi keluarga petani; (2) Usahatani padi di Kecamatan Pamijahan menguntungkan dan layak untuk diusahakan; (3) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan petani untuk tetap bertahan sebagai petani yaitu kategori pendapatan dari usaha pertanian, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, dan pengalaman bertani. Sementara, faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan petani untuk beralih profesi ke non petani yaitu kategori luas lahan pertanian dan kesempatan bekerja di sektor non petanian., Pamijahan District as the production center of the structures in Bogor Regency has experienced labor change problems and has experienced a decrease in the number of workers in the agricultural sector. This shift in professions could have an impact on decreasing rice production in the Pamijahan District. This study aims to: (1) analyze perceptions of paddy farmer’s on benefits of farming for farmer’s household; (2) analyze the income level of rice farming and (3) analyze the factors that influence farmer decission in stay as farmer or switching professions to non farmer’s in Pamijahan District. This study use likert scale method, income analysis, and binary logistic regression. The result showed that: (1) the majority of farmers agreed that rice field farming provides benefits to farmer’s household; (2) the rice farming in Pamijahan District is profitable because the R/C ratio for farm income over cash and total costs is greater than one and (3) factors that influence farmer’s decission to stay as farmer are income from agricultural business, number of family members and farming experience, meanwhile factors that influence farmer’s decission to switch professions to non farmer’s are agricultural land area and employment opportunities in non-agricultural sector.
Keyword: binary logistic regression, farmer’s decission, income analysis

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity