Judul: Benefit Reserves of Joint Life Insurance with Commissioner Method
Abstrak: Pencadangan manfaat dilakukan untuk memastikan penanggung dapat membayarkan manfaat kematian kepada tertanggung. Pada karya ilmiah ini, penghitungan cadangan manfaat untuk asuransi joint life tradisional dimodifikasi menggunakan metode Commissioner, yang merupakan pengembangan dari metode full preliminary term (FPT). Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, cadangan Commissioner menghasilkan cadangan yang lebih besar dibandingkan cadangan FPT di periode pembayaran premi, khususnya untuk polis yang memiliki nilai premi modifikasi FPT lebih besar daripada nilai premi bersih tahunan, yang dibayarkan sebanyak sembilan belas kali dari asuransi seumur hidup, pada usia masuk polis satu tahun setelah usia masuk asli, untuk tertanggung yang sama. Sementara itu, cadangan Commissioner bernilai sama dengan cadangan FPT, khususnya untuk polis yang memiliki nilai premi modifikasi FPT tidak lebih besar daripada nilai premi bersih tahunan, yang dibayarkan sebanyak sembilan belas kali dari asuransi seumur hidup, pada usia masuk polis satu tahun setelah usia masuk asli, untuk tertanggung yang sama. Selisih nilai cadangan Commissioner dan FPT lebih besar untuk asuransi dwiguna dan seumur hidup daripada asuransi berjangka., Benefit reserves are established to ensure that the insurer can pay the death benefits to the insured. In this research paper, the calculation of benefit reserves for traditional joint life insurance is modified using the Commissioner method, which is a development of the full preliminary term (FPT) method. Based on the results of the calculation, the Commissioner reserve produces a greater reserve than the FPT reserve in the premiums payment period, especially for policies that have FPT modified premium value is greater than the annual net premium value, paid nineteen times of the whole life insurance, at the policy entry age one year after the original entry age for the same insured. Meanwhile, the Commissioner's reserve is the same as the FPT reserve, especially for policies that have FPT modified premium value is not greater than the annual net premium value, paid nineteen times of the whole life insurance, at the policy entry age one year after the original entry age for the same insured. The difference in Commissioner and FPT reserve values is greater for endowment and whole life insurance than for term insurance.
Keyword: benefit reserves, Commissioner method, full preliminary term method, joint life insurance

Judul: Determination of Benefit Reserves in Joint Life Insurance with the Canadian Method
Abstrak: Asuransi jiwa joint life merupakan asuransi multi life yang pembayaran preminya dibayarkan hingga salah satu tertanggung yang terdaftar pada polis meninggal dunia dan manfaat asuransi akan dibayarkan di akhir tahun kematian pertama. Pada karya ilmiah ini, metode Canadian diterapkan dalam menentukan cadangan manfaat pada asuransi jiwa seumur hidup, berjangka, endowment murni, dan dwiguna untuk asuransi jiwa multi life status joint life dua individu. Selain itu, diasumsikan pembayaran premi konstan hingga maksimal 10 tahun dan besar manfaat yang diberikan kepada tertanggung sebesar satu satuan. Berdasarkan hasil ilustrasi penghitungan, nilai cadangan manfaat asuransi jiwa berjangka meningkat setiap tahun hingga tahun ke-10 lalu menurun setiap tahun hingga tahun terakhir, sedangkan untuk ketiga jenis asuransi lainnya nilai cadangan manfaat meningkat setiap tahunnya dengan peningkatan yang signifikan terjadi ketika tertanggung masih membayarkan premi., Joint life insurance is a multi-life insurance policy in which premiums are paid until one of the insured individuals listed on the policy passes away, and the insurance benefits are paid out at the end of the first death year. In this research paper, the Canadian method is applied to determine the benefit reserves for whole life, term life, pure endowment, and endowment joint life insurance policies for two individuals. In addition, it is assumed that the premium payment is constant for up to a maximum of 10 years and the benefit amount given to the insured is one unit. Based on the results of the illustration calculation, the reserve value of term life insurance benefits increases yearly until the 10th year and then decreases every year until the last year; as for the other three types of insurance, the value of benefit reserves increases yearly, with a significant increase occurring when the insured still pays premiums.
Keyword: Canadian method, joint life insurance, benefit reserves

Judul: Produksi bioetanol dari empulur sagu menggunakan enzim dan khamir dari isolat lokal
Abstrak: Starch and fiber from Sago palm can be used for making bioethanol. Starch are accumulate in the pith core of sago palm steam. The pith was pretreated with conventional heating (autoclaving) or microwave. After pretreatment, the sago pith was hydrolysed using α-amylase at 95 oC. The saccharification of sago pith was conducted using consortia of three enzymes (amyloglucosidase, cellulase and xylanase) at 60 o C. Hydrolysis of sago pith was done with these commercial starch degradating enzymes and self-prepared enzymes from local isolates of cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria. Yeast used at the fermentation process was isolated from rotten fruits. Selection of yeast was based on their ability to consume mixed substrates of xylose and glucose; and the ethanol production. After 72 hours of fermentation the ethanol production was analyzed using Gas Chromatography. Ethanol produced from conventional heating was greater than microwave heating by using yeast isolate MP (8.11%).
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