Judul: Systemic antiinflammatory activity of american cockroach (Periplaneta americana) extract in rat model: an in silico and clinical studies
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan ekstrak kecoa Periplaneta americana (P. americana) (EKP) sebagai obat antiinflamasi belum pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aktivitas antiinflamasi sistemik ekstrak kecoa P. americana (EKP) pada tikus model systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) melalui bedah cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) yang dikaji melalui studi in silico dan gambaran klinis. Studi in silico menggunakan reseptor TNF-α converting enzyme, ligan pembanding deksametason, dan ligan uji 2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (satu), 2-amino-3,6-dimethylimidazo [4,5-b] pyridine (dua), dan 4,4'- (iminomethylene) bis(N,N-dimethylaniline) (tiga). Hewan model penelitian adalah 20 ekor tikus putih galur Sprague Dawley yang dibagi dalam empat kelompok yaitu yang diterapi dengan NaCl 0,9%, deksametason, dan EKP dosis berbeda. Hasil studi in silico nilai ∆G ligan alami yang paling negatif. Hasil nilai Ki ligan uji tiga yang terkecil. Nilai %BSS deksametason dan ligan uji tiga sebesar 9%. Hasil analisis Ro5 pada ketiga ligan uji diketahui bahwa semua ligan uji memenuhi lima aturan Ro5. Hasil studi gambaran klinis variabel suhu tubuh teramati tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara kelompok dengan terapi NaCl 0,9%, deksametason, dan EKP 100 mg (P > 0,05). Perbedaan yang signifikan teramati antara kelompok terapi NaCl 0,9%, deksametason, dan EKP 50 mg dengan kelompok terapi EKP 100 mg (P < 0,05). Variabel napas, frekuensi jantung, dan total leukosit teramati tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara semua kelompok (P > 0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian studi in silico menunjukan aktivitas antiinflamasi sistemik EKP dengan mekanisme inhibisi reseptor TACE. Studi gambaran klinis menunjukan aktivitas antiinflamasi EKP yang teramati dari tidak adanya perbedaan nyata dengan NaCl 0,9% dan deksametason. Variabel jumlah kejadian SIRS tikus model menunjukan deksametason adalah yang terbaik, sedangkan variabel persentase bertahan hidup menunjukan EKP 50 mg yang terbaik., The use of Periplaneta americana (P. americana) cockroach extract (EKP) as an anti-inflammatory drug has never been done in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the systemic anti-inflammatory activity of P. americana cockroach extract (EKP) in mice modeling systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) through cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery assessed through in silico studies and clinical studies. The in silico study used TNF-α converting enzyme receptor, dexamethasone as control ligand, and test ligands 2-isopropoxy-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole (one), 2-amino-3,6-dimethylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (two), and 4,4'-(iminomethylene)bis(N,N-dimethylaniline) (three). The animal model was 20 Sprague Dawley white rats divided into four groups, namely those treated with 0.9% NaCl, dexamethasone, and different doses of EKP. The results of the in silico study of the ∆G value of the native ligand were the most negative. The Ki values of the three test ligands were the smallest. The %BSS value of dexamethasone and test ligand three amounted to 9%. The results of Ro5 analysis on the three test ligands showed that all test ligands met the five Ro5 rules. The results of the clinical studies of body temperature variables observed no significant difference between groups with 0.9% NaCl, dexamethasone, and 100 mg EKP therapy (P > 0.05). Significant differences were observed between the 0.9% NaCl, dexamethasone, and EKP 50 mg therapy groups and the EKP 100 mg therapy group (P < 0.05). Respiratory variables, cardiac frequency, and total leukocytes observed no significant difference between all groups (P > 0.05).
Keyword: Cecal ligation and puncture, Deksametason, Lecoa Periplaneta americana, Molecular docking, Systemic inflammatory response syndrome

Judul: Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Values of White Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Sepsis Model Treated with Cockroach Extract (Periplaneta americana)
Abstrak: Sepsis menjadi masalah kesehatan termahal dengan angka morbiditas dan mortalitas yang tinggi. Nilai hematokrit dan hemoglobin pada pasien sepsis dapat mengindikasikan tingkat keparahan pasien terhadap adanya anemia serta efektivitas pengobatan. Kecoak telah lama dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Cina sebagai bahan baku obat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung nilai hematokrit dan hemoglobin tikus putih yang diberikan ekstrak kecoak Periplaneta americana (EKP) setelah bedah cegal ligation and puncture (CLP). Tikus model yang digunakan berjumlah 20 ekor dan dibagi menjadi empat kelompok. Kelompok K1 diterapi dengan NaCl 0,9%, kelompok K2 diterapi dengan deksametason 0,75 mg/kg, kelompok K3 diterapi dengan EKP dosis 50 mg/kg, dan kelompok K4 diterapi dengan EKP dosis 100 mg/kg. Terapi diberikan pada 24 dan 48 jam setelah bedah CLP dilakukan dengan rute per oral. Hasil penelitian variabel hematokrit dan hemoglobin tikus model menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan signifikan (P>0,05) antara semua kelompok. Kelompok K3 dengan terapi EKP 50 mg/kg menunjukkan hasil nilai hematokrit dan hemoglobin yang cenderung mendekati kelompok K2 yang diterapi dengan deksametason sebagai kontrol positif., Sepsis is the most expensive health problem with high morbidity and mortality rates. Hematocrit and hemoglobin levels in sepsis patients can indicate the severity of anemia and the effectiveness of treatment. Cockroaches have long been utilized by the Chinese people as medicinal raw materials. This study aims to calculate the hematocrit and hemoglobin levels of white rats given cockroach extract Periplaneta americana (EKP) after cegal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery. The 20 model rats used were divided into four groups. Group K1 was treated with 0,9% NaCl, group K2 was treated with 0,75 mg/kg dexamethasone, group K3 was treated with 50 mg/kg EKP, and group K4 was treated with 100 mg/kg EKP. Therapy was given at 24 and 48 hours after CLP surgery was performed by the oral route. The results of the hematocrit and hemoglobin variables of the model rats showed no significant difference (P>0.05) between all groups. Group K3 with 50 mg/kg EKP therapy showed hematocrit and hemoglobin values that tended to be close to K2 group treated with dexamethasone as a positive control.
Keyword: Cockroach extract, hematocrit, hemoglobin, sepsis

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
Keyword: