Judul: Interegional inequality ini indonesia : analysis of income and infrastructure in districts/municipalities 2005 –2012
Abstrak: Tujuan akhir dari kebijakan ekonomi adalah untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rakyat yang dapat dilihat dari tingkat PDRB per kapita. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat ketimpangan kesejahteraan masyarakat yang dilihat dari tingkat PDRB per kapita, tingkat ketimpangan pembangunan infrastruktur dan kecenderungan ketimpangan pendapatan dan ketimpangan infrastruktur di kabupaten/kota di Indonesia. Tingkat ketimpangan kesejahteraan dan tingkat ketimpangan infrastruktur dianalisis dengan menggunakan ukuran koefisien variasi dari logaritma PDRB atas harga konstan 2000 dan koefisien variasi dari masing-masing variabel infrastruktur. Adapun tingkat kecenderungan ketimpangan pendapatan dan infrastruktur di dianalisis dengan secara deskriptif berdasarkan Tipologi Klassen. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari PDRB per kapita kabupaten/kota dan data infrastruktur kabupaten/kota di Indonesia pada periode 2005-2012. Hasil dari analisis menunjukkan perekonomian Indonesia selama kurun waktu 2005-2012 mengalami tingkat ketimpangan yang berfluktuasi dan tingkat ketimpangan semakin kecil. Infrastruktur di Indonesia juga memiliki tingkat ketimpangan yang berfluktuasi selama 2005-2012. Infrastruktur jumlah sekolah dan jumlah pelanggan air mengalami ketimpangan yang semakin kecil jika dibandingkan dari 2005 ke 2012. Sedangkan untuk infrastruktur panjang jalan, jumlah pelanggan listrik dan jumlah tempat tidur di rumah sakit mengalami tingkat ketimpangan yang meningkat pada 2005-2012., The ultimate goal of economic policy is to improve the welfare of the people which can be seen from the level of GDP per capita. The purposes of this study are to analyze the level of social welfare inequality that is seen from the level of GDP per capita, the level of infrastructure development and trend of inequality of income and inequality of infrastructure in districts / municipalities in Indonesia. Level of welfare inequality and inequality of infrastructure analyzed using the variable coefficient of variation of the logarithm of the size of GDP at constant 2000 prices and the coefficient of variation of each infrastructure. The trend rate of income inequality and infrastructure in districts / municipalities in Indonesia were analyzed descriptively based Typology Klassen. The data used are secondary data on GDP per capita district / municipalities and data infrastructure districts / municipalities in Indonesia in the period 2005-2012. Results of the analysis show the Indonesian economy during the period 2005-2012 experienced fluctuating levels of inequality and inequality is getting smaller. Infrastructure in Indonesia also has high levels of inequality that fluctuates during 2005-2012. Number of schools and number of water customers experienced inequality. However, they are getting smaller during the period of 2005 to 2012. As for the length of the road infrastructure, the amount of electricity customers and the number of beds in hospitals experienced increasing levels of inequality in 2005-2012.
Keyword: Infrastruktur, Kesejahteraan masyarakat, Ketimpangan, Pembangunan ekonomi

Judul: Dampak Ketersediaan Infrastruktur terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat: Analisis Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia 2009-2011
Abstrak: Infrastructure is very important complementary goods for economic development. Ensuring the availability of infrastructure will encourage the economic activity in the region and an increase in income per capita. Economic development has not only contributed to the revenue but has also contributed to the welfare. The purpose of this study is to analyze the availability of infrastructure to the community welfare in Indonesia. This study used panel data, cross section of 155 districts/cities in Indonesia, 2009-2011 time series data, and using six variables, namely the Human Development Index, the density of road, water, electricity, schools, and hospital beds. The analysis showed Human Development Index for all provinces in Indonesia has increased in the period of 2009-2011. Analysis of panel data method showed the water infrastructure, electricity, schools, and hospital beds had a positive effect on the welfare of the community, while the availability of density of road infrastructure is not significant on the welfare of the community., Infrastruktur merupakan barang komplementer yang sangat penting untuk pembangunan ekonomi. Terjaminnya ketersediaan infrastruktur dapat mendorong kegiatan ekonomi wilayah dan peningkatan pendapatan per kapita. Pembangunan ekonomi tidak hanya memberikan kontribusi terhadap pendapatan tetapi memberikan kontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis ketersediaan infrastruktur terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode panel data, data cross section dari 155 kabupaten/kota di Indonesia, data time series periode 2009-2011, dan menggunakan enam variabel, yaitu Indeks Pembangunan Manusia, panjang jalan per wilayah, air, listrik, sekolah, dan tempat tidur rumah sakit. Hasil analisis metode data panel menunjukkan ketersediaan infrastruktur air, listrik, sekolah, dan tempat tidur rumah sakit berpengaruh positif terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat, sedangkan ketersediaan infrastruktur panjang jalan per wilayah tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat.
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Judul: Transformasi Genetik Tanaman Tembakau oleh Gen LFY Kakao (TcLFY) Menggunakan Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: LFY is a protein that have important role in flowering. TcLFY gene have been isolated from cacao (Theobroma cacao L.). To examine its role, this gene that is under control of p35S CaMV promoter was introduced in the tobacco plant using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Transformation efficiency of transgenic plants was 16 % with regeneration efficiency was 27.38%, and produce 4 buds each explant. PCR analyses toward 5 putative transgenic tobacco plants that were taken randomly showed that all of them were transgenic. They also flowered early. Expression analyse of TcLFY gene using PCR showed that transgenic plant expressed the TcLFY gene in the all of its parts. This result showed that transgenic tobacco plant contained TcLFY gene under control of p35S CaMV
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