Judul: Efektivitas campuran tepung meniran Phyllanthus niruri dan bawang putih Allium sativum dalam pakan untuk pencegahan infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele dumbo Clarias sp.
Abstrak: Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila induced serious epidemics of ulcerative disease in walking catfish (Clarias sp.). Purpose of this research was to determine the effective dosage of Allium sativum and Pyllanthus niruri powders mixed in commercial feed with more applicable method in the field. The treatments tested were four different dosages of A. sativum and P. niruri powders, namely A (0,1%), B (1,1%), C (2,1%), D (3,1%) and control, namely K⁻ (without A. sativum and P. niruri powders, and injected with PBS 0,1 ml) and K⁺ (without A. sativum and P. niruri powders, and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml). The treatments was given for two weeks before challenging test, at 15th day test in vivo carried out by injecting A. hydrophila (108 CFU/ml) into the fish by intramuscular and observed for 10 days. Parameters measured were survival rate, absolute growth, specific growth rate, clinical symptoms, wound healing, organs morphology, and water quality. Data were processed statistically using completely randomized design ANOVA single factor. The results showed that the survival of treatment K⁻ was 100±0,00%, C 60±20%, A 40±40%, B 40±40%, K⁺ 33,33±11,55%, and D 20±0,0% (p<0,05). The survival was not significantly different between treatment K⁻ and C. Thus C (2,1%) was effective and could be for preventing MAS in catfish (Clarias sp.).
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Judul: Lama pemberian pakan mengandung tepung meniran Phyllanthus niruri dan bawang putih Allium sativum untuk pencegahan infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele dumbo Clarias sp.
Abstrak: Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila induced serious epidemics of disease in freshwater fish one catfish Clarias sp. This research purposed was to determine optimum durations of the application feed contains of mixed powders Pyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum to preventing MAS. Experimental design was Complete Random Design that consist 3 treatmens and 3 replications. This research tested 3 different durations of 7 application of P. niruri and A. sativum, namely A (feed with P. niruri and A. sativum powder application during 21 days and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml), B (feed with P. niruri and A. sativum powder application during 14 days and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml), C (feed with P. niruri and A. sativum powder application during 7 days and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml), and control, namely K- (without P. niruri and A. sativum powder application and injected with PBS 0,1 ml) and K+ (without P. niruri and A. sativum powder application and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml). The treatments was given for 21 days before challenging test, at 22th day test in vivo carried out by injecting A. hydrophila (108 CFU/ml) into the fish by intramuscular and observed for 10 days. The highest value of survival rate that consist in treatment K⁻ was 100 ± 0.00%, treatment A was 93.3 ± 11.55%, and treatment B was 73.33 ± 30.55%. While treatment K+ and C have the same survival rate that is, 26.67 ± 11.55%. The application P. niruri and A. sativum powder during 21 days was optimum for preventing MAS in catfish.
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Judul: Surakarta: Perkembangan Kota Ditinjau Dari Perubahan Kondisi Sosial Pada Bekas Ibukota Kerajaan Di Jawa.
Abstrak: Suatu lanskap tidaklah terbentuk begitu saja namun memiliki sejarah perkembangannya sendiri. Pengaruh peristiwa alam dan intervensi manusia pada lanskap dan lingkungannya akan menimbulkan suatu bentukan yang khas pada wajah lanskapnya yang akan terlihat berbeda antara satu tempat dengan tempat yang lain. Lanskap yang dibangun manusia dalam suatu periode sejarah dapat merefleksikan kebudayaan, ekonomi dan "political nature" suatu masyarakat yang dengan mempelajarinya dapat lebih memahami manusia yang ada sekarang serta bagaimana mereka mengekspresikan dirinya dalam pembangunan lanskapnya (Carpenter ef.al., 1975). Dengan kata lain sejarah adalah suatu proses yang menyertai terbentuknya suatu lanskap, termasuk diantaranya lanskap suatu kota.
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