Judul: Analisis Neraca Sumberdaya Hutan Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Payment for environmental services (PES) scheme has been applied between Kuningan Regency and the City of Cirebon. However, although the mechanism has been running, the destruction of forests in this regency is still high. This condition indicates failures in the institutional management. There are several types of wood productions produced under co-production involving local communities known as Community Forest Management (PHBM). Similarly, forest production, and forest management also involve community known as PKKBM (Community Conservation Areas Management). The National Park of Ciremai Mountain has sixteen types of tourisms. As for the forest people, the management carried out by forest communities. The results of physical and monetary account analysis shows the decline in income of the community forest. The degradation of forests is caused by the decline in the productivity of the forest. Revenue of forest conservation have increased due to non-timber forest products, water resources and tourism. Similarly, the physical and monetary account of production forests shows that the opening stock has increased. The forest management in this regency involves Perhutani KPH Kuningan, Dinas Kehutanan dan Perkebunan, Forest Village Community, Village Government, and NGOs. Transaction costs always appear each month and have a high value. The minimum water production is 1,202,604 m3 in order to obtain the benefits exceed the cost of the transaction.
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Judul: Evaluasi Efektivitas Pembayaran Jasa Lingkungan Antara Kota Cirebon Dan Kabupaten Kuningan
Abstrak: Ecosystem conservation of watershed on the upstream area is a critical requirement in a continuous water management. This effort has to be supported not only by people that live at the upstream area as the „owner‟ of the catchment area but also by people at the downstream area as the „user‟. Therefore a comprehensive water management endeavor between the „owner‟ and the „user‟ is needed, through a payment of environmental services mechanism. This mechanism has been applied in West Java Province, specifically in Ciremai Mountain area – between Kuningan as the owner of the Paniis watershed and Cirebon as the user. Within the course of payment of environmental services, Kuningan and Cirebon keep identifying an accurate formula to manage the watershed area. Such circumstances place government in a consideration, whether the payment of environmental services program is effective in conserving Paniis watershed as the source of water of people in the city of Cirebon. It is critical to evaluate the effectiveness of payment of environmental services program in Paniis watershed, Ciremai Mountain to address the above question. Four main analyses have been employed to address that main question: (1) Cost and benefit analysis, (3) Willingness to pay analysis, and (4) Multinomial logit analysis. Results of the cost and benefit analysis of the payment of environmental services from 2003 - 2011 indicate that direct costs and direct benefits for Cirebon PDAM had been declining. These results conclude that the payment of environmental services of Cirebon PDAM is not effective to increase the production capacity of the institution. Results of willingness to pay analysis indicate that water users (costumers) have willingness to pay the environmental services of Rp.72/m 3. Based on the payment retrieval analysis: 49% of the respondents choose the payment through the monthly billing method, which is paid through the PDAM account.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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