Judul: Variasi genetik Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) berdasarkan gen cytochrome oxidase 2
Abstrak: Scirpophaga incertulas (penggerek batang padi kuning) merupakan hama utama padi yang menjadikan padi sebagai inang satu-satunya serangga ini. Spesies tersebut pada saat fase larva merusak tanaman padi dengan menggerek bagian pelepah daun dan batang. Dalam upaya pengendalian hama utama padi tersebut, analisis berdasarkan suatu gen dapat digunakan sebagai monitoring untuk memantau suatu populasi suatu organisme. Belum adanya data genetik S. incertulas pada daerah gen cytochrome oxidase 2 (cox2) di Indonesia maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari variasi genetik S. incertulas berdasarkan gen cox2 dengan metode sekuens DNA. Eksplorasi S. incertulas dilakukan di daerah Bogor dan areal persawahan pantai utara Jawa Barat: Karawang, Indramayu dan Cirebon. Variasi genetik S. incertulas berdasarkan gen cox2 ditemukan sebanyak empat haplotipe. Haplotipe 1 merupakan haplotipe umum yang ditemukan dibanyak sampel dari keempat daerah yang dieksplorasi (Bogor, Karawang, dan Indramayu). Haplotipe 2, 3 dan 4 berturut-turut ditemukan pada S. incertulas populasi Bogor (Sc11Bg), Karawang (Sc24Kr) dan Cirebon (Sc1Cb). Haplotipe 2 dicirikan dengan adanya nukleotida A pada posisi nukleotida ke-162. Haplotipe 3 dicirikan dengan adanya nukleotida G pada posisi ke-51 dan haplotipe 4 dicirikan dengan adanya nukleotida C pada posisi nukleotida ke- 63. Variasi yang terjadi antar individu dalam satu populasi hanya terjadi di daerah Bogor dan Karawang. ABSTRACT
Keyword: Lepidoptera, Denaturation, O. Furnacalis

Judul: Haplotype Variations of Yellow Rice Stem Borer Scirpophaga incertulas Based on Cytochrome c Oxidase 1 and 2 (COI and COII) Mitochondria Genes.
Abstrak: Scirpophaga incertulas or yellow rice stem borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the main insects caused damage yields in rice in Asia, including Indonesia. In the first instar of S. incertulas larva, the moth cannot be discriminated with other species of rice stem borers. Hence, a molecular approach is needed for early detection purpose. Previous study found six haplotypes of cytochrome oxidase 1 (COI) of S. incertulas from Java and four haplotypes of cytochrome oxidase 2 COII gene in S. incertulas from West Java. The objective of this research was to explore further the haplotype variations of the S. incertulas of COI and COII genes in Central Java, Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY), East Java, and Bali, to fulfill the haplotypes variation data in Indonesia. The study found three new haplotypes (haplotype 7, 8, and 9) of S. incertulas COI sequences as well as three new haplotypes (haplotype 5, 6, and 7) of COII sequences. Those new haplotypes of S. incertulas COI gene were found in Lumajang, Sleman, and Pemalang regions. DNA alignment analyzes result based on S. incertulas COII gene revealed three new haplotypes i.e. haplotype 5 in Mojokerto, Tabanan, Lumajang, Pemalang, Klaten, Jember, and Kebumen region, haplotype 6 in Probolinggo regions, and haplotype 7 in Situbondo region. Nucleotide variations of moth S. incertulas COII were higher compare to COI gene. Database of COI and COII haplotype variations of yellow rice stem borer can be used as markers to differentiate S. incertulas with other species of rice stem borers during the first larva instar for their early detection. Phylogenetic analysis of S. incertulas COII revealed three clusters in Java and Bali.
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Judul: Impact Of water policy on poverty reduction and women roles in water management In Zimbabwe
Abstrak: Water management is a key factor in the battle to remove the scourge of extreme poverty and to build secure and prosperous lives for people in the developing world. The water sector in Zimbabwe is complicated by the large number of actors; it is interwoven within various ministries. The research used secondary data and review of literature to evaluate how the current water policy has contributed towards marginalising women and the poor. It looked at how actors can also marginalise or put other actors at risk thereby undermining their role through prioritisation of certain projects, stakeholder participation and usage policy. From a descriptive analysis it is found that women are further relegated and marginalised. The poor are further impoverished through marginalisation and vulnerability. The policy environment favours business and state interests against those of grassroots actors and women. It recommends the establishment of home grown pro- poor water management strategies.
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