Judul: Morphological Characteristics of Wild Tantan (Desmanthus virgatus) Adapted High Salinity Mutant Candidates from Gamma Irradiation Results
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur karakteristik morfologi kandidat mutan tanaman lamtoro mini (Desmanthus virgatus) teradaptasi salinitas tinggi hasil iradiasi gamma. Penelitian ini menggunakan 38 kandidat mutan tanaman D. virgatus teradaptasi salinitas tinggi (8,4 dS m-1) umur 64 minggu setelah tanam. Analisis data dilakukan dengan uji deskriptif yang selanjutnya dilakukan uji Shapiro-Wilk. Indeks konsentrasi lebih dari satu (>1,00) menunjukkan tanaman memiliki nilai karakteristik pertumbuhan morfologi yang tinggi. Respon daya bertahan hidup kandidat mutan terbaik dihasilkan kelompok penyinaran gamma taraf 300 Gy. Karakteristik morfologi dengan keragaman yang tinggi dihasilkan pada parameter jumlah daun majemuk, lebar daun majemuk, jumlah bunga, dan jumlah polong. Kandidat mutan tanaman D. virgatus dengan karakteristik terbaik berdasarkan indeks konsentrasi diekspresikan oleh tanaman dengan penyinaran 200 Gy dan 300 Gy. Diperoleh 15 kandidat mutan unggul yakni tanaman D 0.2, D 100.1, D 100.2, D 100.4, D 100.5, D 200.2, D 200.3, D 200.7, D 200.9, D 200.10, D 300.4, D 300.5, D 300.12, D 300.13, dan D 500.1. Warna daun bagian bawah dan tengah didominasi oleh warna 7,5 Gy 5/6, serta daun bagian atas didominasi oleh warna 7,5 Gy 6/8., This study aims to measure the morphological characteristics of the candidate mutant plant of wild tantan (Desmanthus virgatus) adapted to high salinity resulting from gamma irradiation. This study used 38 candidate mutants of D. virgatus adapted to high salinity (8.4 dS m-1) aged 64 weeks after planting. Data analysis was carried out with a descriptive test which was then carried out by the Shapiro-Wilk test. A concentration index of more than one (>1.00) indicates that the plant has a high morphological growth characteristic value. The survival response of the best mutant candidate was produced by the 300 Gy level gamma irradiation group. Morphological characteristics with high diversity resulted in the parameters of the number of compound leaves, the width of the compound leaves, the number of flowers, and the number of pods. Plant mutant candidate D. virgatus with the best characteristics based on the concentration index expressed by plants with 200 Gy and 300 Gy irradiation. 15 superior mutant candidates were obtained, namely plants D 0.2, D 100.1, D 100.2, D 100.4, D 100.5, D 200.2, D 200.3, D 200.7, D 200.9, D 200.10, D 300.4, D 300.5, D 300.12, D 300.13, and D 500.1. The color of the lower and middle leaves is dominated by 7,5 Gy 5/6, and the upper leaves are dominated by 7,5 Gy 6/8.
Keyword: D. virgatus, gamma-ray iradiation, morphological, salinity

Judul: Growth Characteristics of the Lamtoro Mutant Candidate  (Leucaena leucocephala cv. Tarramba) M2 Generation Tolerant of Acid Stress
Abstrak: Varietas tanaman Lamtoro yang toleran terhadap tanah masam perlu dikembangkan agar tanah masam menjadi produktif dan dapat dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan produksi tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur sifat morfologi dan mutu benih serta mengevaluasi pertumbuhan tanaman mutan lamtoro beradaptasi pada tanah masam hasil iradiasi sinar gamma melalui kultur jaringan sehingga diperoleh mutan dengan mutu benih unggul. Sebanyak 4 kandidat mutan lamtoro digunakan dalam penelitian ini, dan mereka telah mengembangkan adaptasi terhadap tanah masam. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap; 4 kandidat mutan dan satu tanaman kontrol digunakan sebagai perlakuan. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah koefisien variasi, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Berganda Duncan jika terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan. Karakteristik tanaman kandidat mutan lamtoro generasi M1 bervariasi pada karakter diameter batang, sedangkan tidak bervariasi pada karakter tinggi kanopi, jumlah cabang, dan jumlah ranting. Dominasi sifat polong dan biji terbaik pada calon mutan lamtoro (M2) didominasi oleh calon mutan GLM.1. Seluruh kandidat mutan lamtoro memiliki warna biji yang normal. Berat 100 benih tertinggi diekspresikan oleh kandidat mutan lamtoro GLM.9. Pengelompokan benih kecil, sedang, dan besar secara berturut diekspresikan oleh kandidat mutan GLM.8, GLM.10, dan GLM 9. Tanaman lamtoro GLM.0 dan kandidat mutan lamtoro GLM.8 menunjukkan persentase viabilitas tertinggi. Kandidat mutan lamtoro GLM.8 menunjukkan persentase viabilitas pada media asam tertinggi. Ukuran benih dan viabilitas benih memiliki nilai korelasi yang negatif. Kandidat mutan lamtoro GLM.9 menunjukkan angka kematian tertinggi, sedangkan tingkat kerugian tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh GLM.10. Kandidat mutan lamtoro GLM.9 menunjukkan waktu munculnya tunas tercepat. Seluruh kandidat mutan menunjukkan variasi yang tinggi pada pertambahan tinggi vertikal. Kandidat mutan GLM.1 dan GLM.9 menunjukkan ekspresi jumlah cabang terbaik. Kandidat mutan GLM.1 menunjukkan ekspresi jumlah daun terbaik. Seluruh kandidat mutan lamtoro memiliki warna daun yang normal., Lamtoro plant varieties that are tolerant of acidic soil need to be developed so that acidic soil becomes productive and can be used to increase crop production. This research aims to measure morphological characteristics and seed quality and evaluate the growth of lamtoro mutant plants adapted to acid soil resulting from gamma-irradiation through tissue culture to obtain mutants with superior seed quality. A total of 4 mutant candidates of lamtoro were used in this study, and they had developed adaptation to acidic soils. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design; 4 mutant candidates and one control plant were used as treatments. The data analysis used in this research is the coefficient of variation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and continued with the duncan multiple range test (DMRT) if there is a significant influence. The characteristics of the M1 generation lamtoro mutant candidate plants varied in stem diameter, while they did not vary in canopy height, number of branches, and number of twigs. The best pod and seed traits in the lamtoro (M2) mutant candidate are dominated by the GLM.1 mutant candidate. All lamtoro mutant candidates have standard seed color. The lamtoro GLM.9 mutant candidate expressed the highest weight of 100 seeds. Groupings of small, medium, and large seeds were expressed respectively by candidate mutants GLM.8, GLM.10, and GLM 9. Lamtoro GLM.0 plants and candidate
Keyword: kandidat mutan, lamtoro, tanah asam

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory