Judul: Effects of Spectrum and Intensity Light Emitting Diode on Morphology, Physiology, and Anatomy Changes in Water Apple (Syzygium aqueum)
Abstrak: Jambu Air (Syzgium aqueum) merupakan tanaman buah tropis yang memiliki banyak manfaat dalam bidang pengobatan tradisional. Angka produksi tanaman jambu air di Indonesia masih berada dibawah komoditas tanaman buah lain. Untuk meningkatkan angka produksi, dapat dilakukan modifikasi sistem budidaya tanaman dengan penggunaan Light Emitting Diode (LED) sebagai cahaya buatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui respons pertumbuhan tanaman jambu air (Syzygium aqueum) secara morfologi, fisiologi, maupun anatomi terhadap pengaruh perbedaan jenis spektrum dan intensitas cahaya buatan LED. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor yang terdiri dari spektrum LED (ungu dan putih) dan intensitas cahaya (dua dan empat lampu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan respons pertumbuhan tanaman terbaik pada perlakuan LED putih intensitas tinggi (WH). Respons stomata yang paling baik ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan LED ungu intensitas tinggi (PH). LED putih intensitas rendah (WL) dapat meningkatkan laju fotosintesis dan kandungan klorofil. LED ungu intensitas rendah (PL) dapat meningkatkan panjang dan lebar daun. Penurunan kandungan glukosa dan fruktosa terjadi pada semua perlakuan, namun perlakuan PL memberikan hasil terbaik dengan hanya mengalami penurunan sebesar 8% dan 8,5%., Water apple (Syzgium aqueum) is a tropical fruit plant that has many benefits in the field of traditional medicine. The production rate of water apple plants in Indonesia is still below that of other fruit crop commodities. To increase production rates, modifications to the plant cultivation system can be made using LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) as artificial light. This study aims to determine the growth response of the water apple (Syzygium aqueum) in morphology, physiology, and anatomy to the effect of different types of spectrum and intensity of artificial LED light. The study used a two-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of LED spectra (purple and white) and light intensity (two and four lights). The results showed the best plant growth responses to the high-intensity white LED (WH) treatment. The best anatomical response was shown by the high-intensity purple LED (PH) treatment. Low-intensity white LED (WL) can increase the photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll content. Low-intensity purple LED (PL) can increase leaf length and width. Decreases of glucose and fructose content occurred in all treatments, but the PL treatment gave the best results with only decreased by 8% and 8.5%.
Keyword: chlorophyll, glucose, intracellular CO2, photosynthesis, stomata, CO2 intraseluler, fotosintesis, glukosa, klorofil

Judul: Response of Physiology and Growth Water Rose Apple (Syzygium aqueum) under Differences Intensities and Spectrum of Artificial Light Emitting Diode
Abstrak: Aplikasi 4 LED ungu + strip LED merah mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan jumlah pucuk, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, panjang ruas, diameter ruas, mempercepat waktu muncul pucuk pertama, namun tidak pada waktu perluasan daun. Perlakuan 4 LED ungu + strip LED biru mampu meningkatkan jumlah daun, panjang daun, dan lebar daun. Perlakuan 2 LED putih mampu meningkatkan diameter batang. Perlakuan 2 LED ungu + strip LED merah meningkatkan kandungan klorofil a dan klorofil b, sementara itu rasio klorofil a/b pada perlakuan 4 LED ungu + strip LED merah. Pada perlakuan 4 LED ungu + strip LED merah meningkatkan sintesis glukosa dan fruktosa paling banyak pada daun. Akumulasi kadar hara N, P, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, dan B dominan turun hampir di semua perlakuan, namun pada hara K, C-organik, Ca, Na, Mn, dan C/N rasio mengalami peningkatan. Perlakuan 4 LED ungu + strip LED merah mampu meningkatkan jumlah stomata, kerapatan stomata, bukaan stomata, laju transpirasi, laju fotosintesis, CO2 intraseluler dan konduktansi stomata, namun ketebalan daun pada perlakuan 4 LED putih + strip LED biru. Dominansi metabolit sekunder yang terbentuk dari penambahan LED berasal dari kelompok senyawa phenylpropanoids. LED biru meningkatkan produksi metabolit sekunder di daun jambu air dibandingkan perlakuan LED merah. Dengan demikian dari penelitian ini dominansi cahaya merah mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan aspek fisiologis bibit jambu air., Results showed that 4 purple LED + red strip supported flush amount growth, crop height, branch amount, internode length, internode diameter, first leaf time flushing, but not leaf expansion time. 4 purple LED + blue strip increased leaves amount, leaf length, leaf width. 2 white LED enhanced stem diameter. 2 purple LED + red strip promoted chlorophyll-a and b synthesis, meanwhile ratio a/b synthesis in 4 purple LED + red strip. 4 purple LED + red strip synthesized more glucose and fructose. Almost all LED treatments showed reduction in N, P, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, and B content, but not in K, C-org, Ca, Na, Mn, and C/N ratio. 4 purple LED + red strip enhanced stomatal amount, stomatal density, transpiration rate, photosynthesis rate, CO2 intracellular, and stomatal conductance, meanwhile leaf thickness in 4 white LED + blue strip. Blue LED increases total amount of secondary metabolites in Water Rose Apple Madu deli leaves and mostly identified as phenylpropanoids group. In conclusion, the role of dominance red light LED can enhance growth and physiological aspects of water rose apple seedling.
Keyword: fruit crop, environment, LED, secondary metabolite, photosynthesis

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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