Judul: Pola Rantai Pasok Ternak Sapi di Kabupaten Kepulauan Selayar (Studi Kasus di Desa Bonea Makmur)
Abstrak: Pola rantai pasok ternak sapi merupakan alur tataniaga yang berkaitan dengan distribusi ternak sapi yang terdiri atas pengaturan produk, informasi maupun keuangan. Tujuan dalam penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pola rantai pasok ternak sapi dari peternak sampai ke konsumen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode wawancara dan survey dengan teknik pengambilan sampel snowball sampling didapatkan jumlah responden 17 orang yang terdiri atas peternak, pedagang, dan konsumen (tukang jagal). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat dua jenis pola rantai pasok pada tataniaga ternak sapi yakni pola pertama peternak yang menjual langsung ternak sapi ke tukang jagal dan pola kedua peternak menjual sapi ke pedagang ternak untuk selanjutnya dijual kembali ke tukang jagal. Pola pertama merupakan pola yang paling efisien dan memberikan keuntungan yang tinggi bagi peternak. Kata kunci: peternak, rantai pasok, ternak sapi, The cattle supply chain pattern is a commercial flow related to cattle distribution consisting of product regulation, information, and finance. The purpose of the study is to identify the pattern of cattle supply chain from farmers to consumers. The method used in the study was an interview and survey method with snowball sampling techniques. Within this snow ball sampling it was obtained the number of respondents 17 people consisting of breeders, traders, and consumers (butchers). The results showed that there are 2 types of supply chain patterns in the cattle trade, which the first pattern is the farmers selling cattle directly to butchers and the second pattern is the farmers selling cattle to livestock traders to be resold over to butchers. The first pattern is the most efficient and provides highest profit for farmers. Keywords: cattle, farmer, supply chain
Keyword: cattle, farmer, supply chain

Judul: Keragaan farming of bakalancattle (case study:  farmer and  breeder group of tanjung lurah, nagari salimpauang, kabupaten Tanah Datar)
Abstrak: Nagari Salimpauang merupakan salah satu wilayah di Kecamatan Salimpauang, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, Provinsi Sumatera Barat dimana penduduknya banyak mengusahakan penggemukan sapi. Namun untuk mengembangkan usahanya, para peternak memiliki permasalahan seperti lahan, pengolahan limbah, ketersediaan input, dan tenaga kerja. Salah satu solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut yaitu melalui pengelolaan dengan Kelompok Tani Ternak Tanjung Lurah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) Menganalisis biaya dan penerimaan, dan (2) Menganalisis pendapatan dan rasio penerimaan dan biaya. Hasil perhitungan pendapatan atas biaya tunai per ST per tahun dan nilai R/C rasio yang paling besar diperoleh peternak skala besar. Sementara itu perhitungan pendapatan atas biaya total per ST per tahun menghasilkan nilai positif dan nilai R/C rasio lebih dari satu untuk semua skala, sehingga usaha ternak menguntungkan. Usaha pada peternak skala besar yang lebih baik dibandingkan skala kecil karena keuntungan yang diperoleh paling besar dan nilai R/C rasio nya yang paling besar., Nagari Salimpauang is located at Kecamatan Salimpauang, Kabupaten Tanah Datar, West Sumatera Province where the majority of people do fattening cattle husbandry for living. Meanwhile to develop the business, the breeders face through several obstacles such as area availability, waste management, input availability and labor. One of solution to solve those problems is by implementing supervision with farmer and breeder group of Tanjung Lurah. This study was aimed to (1) analyze cost and revenue, and (2) analyze profit and ratio of revenue and cost. Measurement result of profit based on cash cost per livestock unit (satuan ternak, ST) per year and biggest R/C ratio value were gained by wide– scale breeder. Otherwise, calculation of profit based on cash cost per ST per year indicated positive value and R/C ratio values which were more than 1 for every scales, therefore the business is considered profitable. Business by wide–scale breeder was better compared to small–scale one because of the most profit obtained and biggest R/C ratio value.
Keyword: analisis pendapatan, R/C rasio, usaha penggemukan sapi

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell