Judul: Detection of Methicillin- Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Animals, Humans, and The Environment at IPB Educational Animal Hospital: The Concept of One Health
Abstrak: Staphylococcus aureus merupakan salah satu bakteri penyebab infeksi yang paling umum di dunia. S. aureus merupakan flora normal pada kulit, saluran pernafasan, dan saluran pencernaan pada manusia serta hewan dan dapat juga ditemukan di udara dan lingkungan. Penggunaan antibiotik yang meluas menyebabkan munculnya Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) yaitu S. aureus yang resistan terhadap antibiotik methicillin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan bakteri Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus pada hewan, manusia, dan lingkungan di Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan Institut Pertanian Bogor dengan konsep one health. Sampel diambil dari usap kulit manusia berjumlah 15, usap kulit hewan berjumlah 15 dan permukaan benda berjumlah 15. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi adalah isolasi bakteri pada media selektif, pewarnaan Gram dan uji biokimiawi yang terdiri dari uji katalase dan uji fermentasi glukosa. Uji resistansi antibiotik dilakukan dengan metode Kirby-Bauer dengan antibiotik berupa cefoxitin. Hasil uji resistansi dibandingkan dengan standar kepekaan antibiotik dari Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Berdasarkan hasil identifikasi, terdapat MRSA sebanyak 20% dari total sampel yang diambil di RSHP IPB., Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most common infection-causing bacteria in the world. S. aureus is normal flora of the skin, respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract in humans and animals and can also be detected in the air and environment. The widespread use of antibiotics has led to the emergence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), which is S. aureus resistant to methicillin antibiotics. This study aims to detect the presence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in animals, humans, and the environment at the IPB University Teaching Animal Hospital with the concept of one health. Samples were taken from 15 human skin swabs, 15 animal skin swabs and 15 object surfaces. The methods used to identify are bacterial isolation on selective media, Gram staining and biochemical tests consisting of catalase test and glucose fermentation test. Antibiotic resistance test were conducted by Kirby-Bauer method with antibiotic in the form of cefoxitin. The results of the resistance test were compared with the antibiotic sensitivity standards of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Based on the identification results, there were MRSA as much as 20% of the total samples taken at RSHPIPB.
Keyword: identifikasi bakteri, resistansi, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus, one health

Judul: Isolation and Antimicrobial Resistance  Detection of Staphylococcus aureus from Pondok Ranggon Dairy Farm, East  Jakarta
Abstrak: Infeksi yang disebabkan oleh Staphylococcus aureus dapat ditularkan dari seekor sapi ke sapi lain dan dari puting yang terinfeksi ke puting yang normal atau sehat melalui tangan pemerah dan lingkungan. Keberadaan S. aureus berkaitan dengan manajemen higiene dan sanitasi yang buruk. Penggunaan antimikroba yang tidak tepat berpotensi meningkatkan resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik yang menjadi ancaman serius bagi kesehatan hewan dan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi bakteri S. aureus dari tangan pemerah dan permukaan puting sapi serta mendeteksi resistensi bakteri S. aureus terhadap beberapa antibiotik. Pengujian diawali dengan isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri dan dilanjutkan dengan pengujian resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik menggunakan metode Kirby-Baurer disk diffusion. Antibiotik yang digunakan terdiri atas sepuluh jenis yaitu penisilin,amoksisilin-klavulanat, streptomisin, gentamisin, eritromisin, tetrasiklin, siprofloksasin, asam nalidiksat, trimetropim sulfametoksazol, kloramfenikol. Keberadaan S. aureus yang diisolasi dari tangan pemerah maupun dari puting sapi di Peternakan Sapi Perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur masih cukup tinggi. Berdasarkan pengujian isolasi S. aureus dari sampel tangan pemerah diperoleh sebanyak 77,3% dan dari puting sapi sebanyak 72,9%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 44,2% isolat S. aureus yang diisolasi dari swab tangan pemerah dan puting sapi telah mengalami multi-drug-resistant (MDR). Kejadian resistensi pada S. aureus perlu menjadi perhatian karena berpotensi sebagai ancaman kesehatan pada hewan maupun manusia karena memiliki potensi zoonosis, Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus can be transmitted from one cow to another and from the infected cow’s teat to the normal and healthy teat by milker’s hand and the environment. The presence of S. aureus is associated with poor hygiene and sanitation practices. Improper use of antimicrobials has the potential to increase bacterial resistance to antibiotics which are a serious threat to animal health and society. This study aims to identify S. aureus from milker’s hand and the surface of cow’s teat and to detect the resistance of S. aureus to several antibiotics. Testing begins with the isolation and identification of bacteria and continues with testing for bacterial resistance to antibiotics using the Kirby Baurer method. The antibiotics used consisted of 10 types, penicillin, amoxicillin clavulanate, streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and chloramphenicol. The presence of S. aureus isolated from the milker’s hand or the cow’s teat at Pondok Ranggon Dairy Farm, East Jakarta is still quite high. Based on the isolation test of S. aureus from milker’s hand sample, it was 77,3% and 72,9% from the cow's teat, with 44,2% of them showed multi-drug resistance (MDR). The incidence of S. aureus resistance needs to be a concern because it has zoonotic potential to human and animals.
Keyword: puting sapi, resistensi antibiotik, Staphylococcus aureus, tangan  pemerah

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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