Judul: Efektivitas Ekstrak Biji Kapas (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) Terhadap Jumlah Dan Kualitas Embrio Mencit (Mus Musculus L.).
Abstrak: Ekstrak biji kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.) mengandung gosipol yang bersifat sebagai zat antifertilitas. Efeknya mampu mengurangi dan merusak folikel berkembang yang disertai dengan kerusakan oosit. Kerusakan oosit ini mengakibatkan penurunan jumlah, kualitas, viabilitas, dan hambatan perkembangan embrio. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji efektivitas ekstrak biji kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.) terhadap jumlah dan kualitas embrio mencit (Mus musculus L.). Dosis ekstrak biji kapas yang digunakan terdiri atas 0 (kontrol); 1.5; 2.1; dan 2.7 g kg-1 BB peroral selama 24 hari. Ekstraksi biji kapas dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan etanol 80%. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor mencit betina strain DDY, berumur kisaran 14 sampai 15 minggu, dan bobot badan berkisar 30 sampai 35 g. Mencit kemudian dikawinkan pada hari ke-24 pemberian ekstrak biji kapas. Koleksi embrio dilakukan pada hari ke empat kebuntingan dengan metode flushing kornua uterus dan ditentukan jumlah, kualitas dan stadium perkembangannya. Embrio kemudian dikultur secara in vitro selama 48 jam dalam medium kultur modifikasi phosphate buffered saline (PBS) yang disuplementasi dengan 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) berdasarkan stadium perkembangan untuk mengamati viabilitas embrio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak biji kapas pada dosis 1.5; 2.1; dan 2.7 g kg-1 BB mengakibatkan jumlah embrio lebih rendah dibandingkan kelompok kontrol (P < 0.05). Ekstrak biji kapas pada dosis 2.7 g kg-1 BB menurunkan kualitas embrio seperti ditemukannya embrio retarded dan degenerasi, serta oosit yang tidak terfertilisasi. Hasil pengamatan pada stadium perkembangan embrio menunjukkan terjadinya hambatan perkembangan pada hari ke empat (D4) kebuntingan sejalan peningkatan dosis pemberian. Pada dosis 2.7 g kg-1 BB terdapat embrio dengan stadium perkembangan 8 sel, 4 sel dan oosit yang tidak terfertilisasi. Data dari kultur embrio secara in vitro selama 48 jam menunjukkan penurunan jumlah embrio yang berhasil berkembang ke tahapan blastosis, expanded blastosis, dan hatched blastosis. Embrio retarded (4 sampai 8 sel) dan degenerasi tidak berkembang pada kultur 24 jam. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak biji kapas yang mengandung gosipol mampu menurunkan fertilitas melalui pengurangan jumlah, kualitas, viabilitas, dan menghambat perkembangan embrio mencit sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat kontrasepsi herbal.
Keyword: gosipol, jumlah embrio, kualitas embrio, mencit, viabilitas embrio

Judul: Manfaat Ekstrak Rumput Kebar (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch) terhadap Penampilan Reproduksi Mencit Putih Betina
Abstrak: Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch is a cushion plant which grows and distribute from Africa, Madagascar and South-East Asia include few islands in Indonesia, except to Malay Peninsula, Sumatera and Kalimantan. In Indonesian Province of Irian Jaya Barat, this plant is restricted to the area of Kebar valley (Kebar district, Manokwari regency) with altitude 500 – 600 m asl., and also known as the Kebar’s grass. This plant has been used by local people for many years as traditional drug through simple process for various health need. The objective of this research is to identify the chemicals content of the Kebar’s grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotzsch), and its effect on appearance of the reproduction performance in female Mus musculus albinus. The chemicals content (amino acids, proteins, lipids, vitamins and minerals) of the Kebar’s grass extract were analyzed using proximate analysis methods. The periode of oestrus cycle was done by vagina’s smear method for 4 cycles (2 cycles before the treatment and 2 cycles during the treatment). Litter size was obtained by calculating of each female, and the body weight litter obtained by weighing. Eighty adult females (body weight mean 35 gram) were devided into four groups, consist of females and well be analyzed for (a) quality and quantity of embryos, (b) litter size and weight. Ten days before and during treatment (4 cyclus) all females were examined their oestrus cycle using vagina smear methods. After treatment all females were mated with male mice (ratio 1 : 2). Sign of mating was examined by the presenced of vaginal plug. Four days after mating ten females of each group were sacrisfie followed by early embryo collection; while ten other were breeded until partus to examine the litter size and weight. The experiment was designed by using completely random design with four treatments and ten replications. The data were analyzed by using analysis of variance and LSD was applied to compares statistical differences between each treatments. The results showed that the chemicals content of the Kebar’s grass extract are protein 7.35%, lipid 0.72%, minerals; Ca, P, 1.52% and 0.60%, respectively and 17 amino acids contains. The application of this extract with 0.090 and 0.135 mg/g body weight extend the oestrus length and increase number embryo, increasing daily gain, mean of litter size and weight; 63.60 ± 9.88 and 63.60 ± 5.80 hours, 8.71 ± 1.11 and 10.86 ± 1.68 cells, 0.35 ± 0.04 dan 0.31 ± 0.02 gram, 11.70 ± 0.67 and 12.90 ± 0.99 weigth and 1.77 ± 0.11 dan 1.69 ± 0.10, respectively. In conclusion, Kebar’s grass extract extend the oestrus length, increase quality and quantity of embryos, daily gain, litter size and litter weight. The oral application of the Kebar’s grass extract 0.135 mg/g body weight, is the best to can improve the reproduction performance of female Mus musculus albinus.
Keyword: 

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: