Judul: Analysis of 2007 Flood Vulnerability Using TRMM Satellite Data (Case Study: Indramayu Regency, West Java).
Abstrak: Salah satu tahapan dalam manajemen bencana alam yaitu menentukan daerah yang berpotensi mengalami bencana tersebut. Banjir menempati posisi yang tinggi dalam urutan frekwensi kejadian bencana alam di Indonesia. Indramayu sebagai salah satu daerah penghasil padi terbesar di Jawa Barat selalu mengalami bencana banjir setiap tahunnya. Dilatarbelakangi permasalahan tersebut, penelitian ini ditujukan untuk menyediakan informasi wilayah rawan banjir di Indramayu secara berkala sebagai dasar bagi langkah-langkah manajemen bencana banjir. Data inderaja dan data lainnya digunakan untuk memperoleh gambaran spasial faktor-faktor banjir. Analisis SIG dilakukan untuk menghasilkan nilai kerawanan dengan mengkombinasikan data-data yang digunakan. Lima parameter yang dianggap menyebabkan banjir digunakan sebagai input dan dikategorikan menjadi faktor statis yaitu elevasi, slope, tutupan lahan dan laju drainase, sementara curah hujan digunakan sebagai faktor dinamis. Data DEM SRTM digunakan sebagai masukan data elevasi dan penurunan nilai slope, citra Landsat untuk menghasilkan peta tutupan lahan, dan peta satuan lahan untuk memperoleh informasi laju drainase. Curah hujan diturunkan melalui perhitungan data TMPA 3B42-V6 yang diperoleh dari satelit TRMM. Periode yang diamati yaitu bulan Februari dan Desember tahun 2007 yang mana tercatat sebagai salah satu kejadian banjir terbesar di Indonesia. Perbandingan hasil peta kerawanan banjir terhadap data banjir aktual menunjukkan bahwa kejadian banjir cenderung terjadi di wilayah dengan kelas Rawan. Wilayah tersebut tersebar di bagian Utara Indramayu yang merupakan daerah pesisir dengan nilai elevasi yang rendah dan kondisi permukaan yang datar, kondisi penutupan lahan dominan berupa sawah dan laju drainase yang sangat lambat. Masukan data curah hujan satelit dapat menunjukkan variasi spasial dari wilayah rawan banjir dalam tempo yang cukup cepat sehingga bermanfaat untuk pengaturan pencegahan dan pemantauan banjir, juga sistem peringatan dini banjir
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Judul: Analisis Potensi Rawan (Hazard) dan Resiko (Risk) Bencana Banjir dan Longsor (Studi Kasus Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Trend disaster in Indonesia has increased from year to year. Hydro-meteorological disasters such as floods, droughts, landslides, cyclones and tidal waves are the dominant type of disaster in Indonesia. Hydrometeorological disasters occurred on average almost 70% of total disaster in Indonesia. West Java Province is one of the areas that have a high potential for the occurrence of landslides. This is due to the topography of the hilly and mountainous regions, as well high population density which puts pressure on the ecosystem. The purpose of this study is to establish the methodology in determining the criteria forming floods and landslides, determine the distribution of the occurrence of potentially vulnerable hazard areas and risk of floods and landslides, as well as determine the suitability of spatial pattern in the spatial plan of West Java Province Year 2010-2030 against potential floods and landslides hazard in the province of West Java. Floods and landslides potential hazard models were constructed through spatial analysis (overlay) with scoring and weighting system of the 7 parameters used, namely: land use, rainfall, slope, elevation, landform, soil type and geology. The model risk of floods and landslides were constructed by integrating the hazard map with the analysis of vulnerability, which consists of the parameters road/ accessibility, infrastructure and land use, as well as the analysis of the element of risk, which consists of a number of density parameters population (people/km2), GDP, land use, and emergency preparedness or response. The results showed that the area of West Java which has the potential flood-prone high is 460.204 ha (12,5%) and very high is 507.274 ha (13,8%), with distribution locations in Bekasi, Cirebon, Indramayu, Karawang, Majalengka, Subang, Bandung City, Banjar City, Bekasi City, Bogor City, Cirebon City and Depok City. The area with the potential of landslide-prone high is 141.855 ha (3,9%) and very high is 14.895 ha (0,4%), with distribution locations in Bandung dan Garut. The results of field validation and data recapitulation incidence of floods and landslides in the field with BNPB data (2010-2012), show that the accuracy of a map resulting from the analysis of potential hazard and risk of flooding and landslides are quite high. The frequency of floods in the field occurs 88 times as much as the class of potential flood hazard areas of moderate to very high with a total of 115 times the incidence of flooding, or by 76.5% of the total flood. While the frequency of landslides in the field occurs 86 times in the classes as potential landslide hazard moderate to very high with a total of 113 times the incidence of landslides, or 76.1% of the total landslide. There are only 5 spatial pattern with the high suitability of the potential flood-prone high: LNH-Tsunami Hazard (97,6 %), KB-Forest (77,7 %), Municipality (90,3 %), Paddy Field (96,5 %), and KB-Water Body (76,7 %). And only 2 spatial pattern with the high suitability of the potential landslide-prone high: Conservation Forest (86,8 %) and Primary Forest (80,2 %).
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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