Judul: Spatial-Temporal Distribution of Particulate Inorganic Carbon (PIC) in Thousand Islands Waters and surrounding Using MODIS Satellite Data
Abstrak: Particulate Inorganic Carbon adalah karbon anorganik yang terdiri dari partikel kalsium karbonat, yang dihasilkan oleh fitoplankton, diendapkan secara anorganik, atau sebagai sedimen karbonat. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui dan memetakan variabilitas PIC secara spasial dan temporal di Perairan Kepulauan Seribu dan sekitarnya berdasarkan data satelit. Nilai konsentrasi PIC di Perairan Kepulauan Seribu dan sekitarnya selama periode 20 tahun (2002 – 2021) pada musim barat dan musim peralihan 1 berkisar antara 0,05 - 11,56 mmol/m3 dengan rata-rata 1,91 mmol/m3 dan pada musim timur dan musim peralihan 2 berkisar antara 0,05 - 20 mmol/m3 dengan rata-rata 2,81 mmol/m3. Nilai rata-rata bulanan PIC meningkat pada musim barat dan musim timur dimana nilai PIC maksimum terjadi pada musim timur dengan nilai 4,43 mmol/m3. Nilai rata rata bulanan PIC menurun pada musim peralihan 1 dan musim peralihan 2 dengan nilai minimum terjadi pada musim peralihan 1 dengan nilai 0,58 mmol/m3. Variabilitas nilai PIC dipengaruhi oleh arah dan kecepatan angin dan tidak berhubungan nyata terhadap fenomena IOD dan ENSO. Akan tetapi, pada saat terjadi fenomena IOD positif bersamaan dengan fenomena El Nino nilai PIC secara umum meningkat dari kondisi sebelumnya dan hal ini berkaitan dengan peningkatan kecepatan angin yang meningkat secara nyata sehingga dapat mengakibatkan vertikal mixing., Particulate Inorganic Carbon consists of calcium carbonate particles, either produced by phytoplankton, deposited inorganically, or as carbonate sediments. The purpose of this study was to determine and map the spatial and temporal variability of PIC in the Seribu Islands Waters and its surroundings based on the satellite data. The value of PIC concentrations during the 20-years period (2002-2021) in the west season and transition season 1 were 0.05-11.56 mmol/m3 with average of 1.91 mmol/m3 and in the east season and transition season 2 were 0.05-20 mmol/m3 with average of 2.81 mmol/m3. The monthly average value of PIC increased in the west and east seasons where the maximum PIC value occurred in the east season with the value of 4,43 mmol/m3. The monthly mean value of PIC decreased in the transition season 1 and transition season 2 with the minimum value occurred in transition season 1 with the value of 0,58 mmol/m3. The variability of PIC was affected by wind speed and direction and was not significantly related to the IOD and ENSO. However, PIC increased when there was a positive IOD occurred along with the El Nino that associated with the increased of wind speed that caused a vertical mixing.
Keyword: El Nino, IOD, Thousand Islands Waters, PIC, Wind

Judul: Variabilitas Suhu Permukaan Laut dan Konsentrasi Klorofil-a di Samudera Hindia Bagian Timur Laut Sebelah Barat Sumatera
Abstrak: Suhu Permukaan Laut (SPL) dan konsentrasi klorofil-a merupakan parameter penting di dalam suatu perairan dan memiliki kaitan erat terhadap terjadinya fenomena oseanografi dan tingkat produktifitas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis variabilitas SPL dan konsentrasi klorofil-a di Sekitar Samudera Hindia bagian Timur Laut sebelah barat Sumatera. Penelitian ini menggunakan gabungan data citra NOAA-AVHRR dan MODIS untuk SPL, data citra SeaWiFS dan MODIS untuk klorofil-a, data angin permukaan bulanan diperoleh dari European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Data pendukung berupa indeks El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) bulanan diperoleh dari laman https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/teleconnections/ enso/indicators/ soi/ dan Dipole Mode Index (DMI) bulanan diperoleh dari laman https://www. jamstec.go.jp/virtualearth/general/en/index.html. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa SPL di daerah penelitian selama 22 tahun (1997–2019) berada pada kisaran 29,30 °C–31,60 °C dengan rata-rata 29,35 °C. Nilai SPL yang lebih tinggi terjadi saat Musim Barat sampai Musim Peralihan-1, sementara nilai yang lebih rendah pada Musim Timur sampai Musim Peralihan-2. Variabilitas nilai SPL dipengaruhi oleh pola angin musiman, intensitas radiasi matahari, dan Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM). Saat IOD Negatif menyebabkan nilai SPL yang lebih tinggi dan konsentrasi Chl-a lebih rendah dari biasanya. Konsentrasi klorofil-a selama 22 tahun berkisar antara 0,0757 mg/m3–1,3006 mg/m3, konsentrasi klorofil-a yang lebih tinggi terjadi saat akhir Musim Timur (Agustus) dan awal Musim Barat (Desember), sementara nilai yang lebih rendah saat Musim Peralihan-1. Tingginya SPL berkisar pada Musim Peralihan-1 (Maret–Mei) bersamaan dengan rendahnya Chl-a pada musim yang sama diduga akibat terjadinya fenomena IOD negatif. Variabilitas Chl-a dipengaruhi oleh pola angin musiman, pergerakan massa air, dan IOD. Secara spasial konsentrasi Chl-a lebih tinggi didaerah pesisir dibandingkan di lepas pantai. Fenomena IOD mempengaruhi pola variasi interannual SPL dan konsentrasi Chl-a., Sea Surface Temperature (SST) and chlorophyll-a concentration are important parameters in waters that have an influence on oceanographic phenomena and oceanic productivity. The objective of this study was to analyze the variability of SST and chlorophyll-a concentration in the Northeast Indian Ocean off the West of Sumatra. The study used a combination of NOAA-AVHRR and MODIS image data for SST, SeaWiFS and MODIS image data for chlorophyll-a concenration, monthly surface wind data from the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). Supporting Data such as the monthly El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) index and the Dipole Mode Index (DMI) were obtained from the web page of https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/teleconnections/enso/ indicators/soi/ and https://www.jamstec.go.jp/virtualearth/general/en/index.html, respectively. The results showed that the range of SST during a 22 year period (1997–2019) was 29,30 °C–31,60 °C with the average of 29,35 °C where the higher SST occurred during the West Season and Transition Season 1, while the lower values were found during the East Season and Transition Season 2. variability of the SST values was related to the influence of seasonal winds, the intensity of solar radiation, and Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM). When Negative IOD causing higher SST and lower Chl-a concentration than normal. Chlorophyll-a concentration for a 22 year perioed ranged of 0,0757-1,3006 mg/m3 where higher chlorophyll-a concentration occurred from the end of East Season (August) to the early of West Season (December), while lower values were found during Transition Season 1. The evidence of higher
Keyword: ENSO, IODM, Chlorophyll-a, Sea Surface Temperature

Judul: The Control And Eradication Of Brucellosis In Cattle From The Standpoint Of Human Health
Abstrak: Brucella abortus occurs both in man and cattle. The organism may thrive wherever cattle are raised by man for breeding purposes. As such, spread to humans can easily be lessened if the disease is properly controlled and/or eradicated in cattle. Control of Brucella abortus in cattle can be under taken by continued vaccination, proper attention to hygiene and the particular care taken in the introduction of only brucellosis-free animals into cattle farms. Vac- cination using the strain 19 or strain 45/20 Brucella abortus vaccine is commonly used, though the former is more popular. Each of these vaccine strains has its own advantages and disadvantages. Eradication of Brucella abortus by the test and slaughter policy can also be carried out after proper vaccination programmes have been initiated and a stage reached where only a very small percentage of positive reactors is found,
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