Judul: Eksplorasi sejumlah isolat Bacillus sp. lokal penghasil siklodekstrin glikosil transfererase pada substrat pati singkong
Abstrak: Siklodekstrin mempunyai kemampuan membentuk senyawa kompleks inklusi sehingga menghasilkan perubahan sifat fisik seperti meningkatkan kelarutan senyawa organik, tahan terhadap kerusakan kimia dan biokimia (enzim dan mikroorganisme), dan dapat menstabilkan senyawa flavor. Selain itu, siklodekstrin mempunyai kemampuan membentuk senyawa kompleks inklusi sehingga menghasilkan perubahan sifat fisik seperti meningkatkan kelarutan senyawa organik, tahan terhadap kerusakan kimia dan biokimia (enzim dan mikroorganisme), dan dapat menstabilkan senyawa flavor. Adanya sifat tersebut di atas menyebabkan siklodekstrin banyak digunakan untuk keperluan industri pangan, kosmetika, farmasi dan kimia (Lee dan Kim, 1991).
Keyword: Siklodekstrin, CGTase, Manihot utilissima

Judul: Kajian Awal Penggunaan Reaktor Unggun Diam Sel Imobil Bacillus macerans untuk Biokonversi Pati Batang Kelapa Sawit Menjadi Siklodekstrin
Abstrak: Siklodekstrin merupakan oligosakarida non reduksi berbentuk siklik, tersusun atas enam, tujuh dan delapan monomer glukosa yang dihubungkan ole11 ikatan a-1,4-glikosidik. Berdasarkan jumlah glukosa yang menyusunnya, siklodekstrin dibedakan atas a- (enam unit), 0- (tujuh unit) dan y- siklodekstrin (delapan unit). SiModekstrin dapat pula dibentuk lebih dari delapan monomer glukosa. Siklodekstrin juga merupakan jenis pati termodifikasi yang dihasilkan secara biokimiawi oleh siklodekstrin glikosiltransferase (CGTase). Salah satu mikroba penghasil CGTase adalah B(~cillr(sm acerans. CGTase dapat mengatalisis tiga jenis reaksi, yaitu (1) transglikolisasi intramolekular (siklisasi), (2) transglikolisasi intermolekular (coupling dan disproporfionation) dan (3) hidrolisis pati. CGTase tergolong enzim transferase walaupun enzim tersebut dapat menghidrolisis pati. Penelitian ini menggunakan substrat pati batang kelapa sawit, imobilisasi dilakukan mengunakan metoda jerapan, peyangga yang digunakan adalah manik kaca (diameter 4,O mm). Volume kerja reaktor 200 ml, jumlah sel yang masuk k 1,344 x lo9 sellml - 7,2 x 10" glml. Perbandingan bobot jumlah sel yang masuk dengan penyangganya adalah + 1,0 : 345. Persentase sel yang terjerap rt: 75,2 persen. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap. Tahap pertama adalah penetapan induser (induser yang digunakan adalah pati terlarut dan pati batang kelapa sawit), dan penetapan kondisi terbaik dengan variasi suhu serta pH (suhu 30 "C, pH 6,O; suhu 30 "C, pH 7,O; suhu 30 "C kemudian dirubah suhu 45 "C (pada saat sel memasuki fasa stasioner), pH 6.0). Tahap kedua adalah biokonversi pati batang kelapa sawit menjadi siklodekstrin menggunakan sel imobil pada reaktor unggun diam (biokonversi dilakukan pada taraf laju alir substrat 20, 40 dan 60 mlljam, adapun konsentrasi substrat yang digunakan 10, 30 dan 50 gll).
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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