Judul: Penghambatan aktivitas fiksasi nitrogen secara hayati oleh urea pada kedelai (Glicine max (L.) Merr)
Abstrak: Aktivitas fiksasi nitrogen menjadi terhambat akibat pem- berian Urea baik melalui media atau daun. Penghambatan aktivitas fiksasi nitrogen tersebut disebabkan gagalnya penetrasi bakteri Rhizobium japonicum ke dalam tanaman inang sehingga secara tidak langsung menyebabkan penggelungan gagal terjadi. Hal ini terlihat dari jumlah nodul atau bintil akar total yang semakin menurun dengan semakin meningkatnya dosis Urea. Penghambatan balik atau feed back inhibition tidak terlihat dalam percobaan ini, tetapi diduga terdapat persaingan dalam penggunaan energi yang dihasilkan tanaman inang. Akibat persaingan penggunaan energi menimbulkan keterba- tasan energi dan energi yang diperlukan untuk mengubah N hasil fiksasi tidak terpenuhi. Penghambatan aktivitas fiksasi nitrogen akibat gagalnya penetrasi bakteri Rhizobium japonicum ke dalam tanaman inang lebih dominan daripada terjadinya penghambatan balik atau feed back inhibition.
Keyword: Urea, Rhizobium japonicum

Judul: Pengaruh beberapa inokulan dan pupuk nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini terdiri atas dua macam percobaan. Percobaan pertama bertujuan untuk mengetahui seberapa jauh pengaruh pupuk N dan beberapa inokulan terhadap per- tumbuhan dan hasil biji kedelai yang ditanam pada lahan yang belum pernah ditanami kedelai. Untuk tujuan terse- but dilakukan penanaman kedelai varietas Kerinci dengan pupuk Urea sebagai sumber N pada taraf nol N, 45 kg N/ha, 90 kg N/ha dan 135 kg N/ha serta menggunakan inokulan TAL 379, Rhizobean, Legin dan tanpa inokulan sebagai kon- trol. Pupuk N diberikan dua kali, sepertiga bagian dibe- rikan sehari sebelum tanam dan sisanya diberikan 35 hari setelah tanam. Percobaan ini menggunakan rancangan split plot dalam rancangan acak kelompok, inokulan sebagai pe- tak utama dan pupuk N sebagai anak petak, dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Tajur, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Pemberian N sampai taraf 135 kg N/ha nyata secara li- mer meningkatkan tinggi tanaman, luas daun, bobot kering tanaman, jumlah cabang, Nisbah Luas Daun (NLD) tetapi menurunkan jumlah bintil akar efektif dan bobot kering...dst
Keyword: Orage Plants, Soybean, Field crops, Leguminoae, Rgizobean, Rhizobium inoculant

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: