Judul: Penapisan isolat-isolat bakteri sebagai agen pengendali hayati jamur Rhizoctonia solani
Abstrak: Fungisida kimia memiliki efek negatif yang membahayakan lingkungan dan kesehatan rnanusia Oleh karena itu digunakan bakteri penghasil fimgisida mikrob sebagai alternatifhya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menapis sebanyak 3 f isoIat bakteri yang berpotensi sebagai agen pengendali hayati R. solani dengan diuji daya hambatnya terhadap pertumbuhan R. solani serta kemampuannya menghasilkan surfaktin, kitinase, dan protease.
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Judul: Penggunaan isolat bakteri tanah untuk pengendalian hayati Rhizoctonia solani penyebab busuk kecambah pada tanaman tomat
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi isolat-isolat bakteri dalam menekan (mengurangi) penyakit rebah/busuk kecambah (damping off) pada tanaman tomat, dan menemukan medium alami sebagai pengganti medium kompleks (media No 3) sehingga harga produksi senyawa antifungal dapat ditekan. Pengendalian hayati pada tanaman tomat yang terinfeksi Rhizoctonia solani dilakukan dengan menambahkan isolat bakteri. Isolat bakteri yang digunakan ditumbuhkan pada 2 media yang berbeda, yaitu media alami dan media komplek (media No 3). Isolat yang digunakan ada lah J11, 55, 224, 264, Y1, dan 163 telah mampu menghambat R. solani melalui In vitro test. R. solani merupakan jamur yang patogenitasnya maksimum jika hidup di tanah semi basah. Selama 21 hari tanaman tomat disiram dengan akuades steril, dan R. solani mampu menginfeksi tanaman tomat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman tomat yang diberi perlakuan isolat bakteri mempunyai daun lebat, diameter batang besar, dan tanamanya tidak layu. Isolat bakteri mampu menghambat patogenitas R. solani sebesar 60,5 % untuk media jagung-kedelai dan media No 3. Tanaman tomat yang terserang jamur ini, daunnya layu, diameter batang kecil, dan rimpangnya busuk. Isolat bakteri yang diberikan pada tanaman tomat yang terinfeksi R. solani mengeluarkan antibiotik yang mampu mendegradasi membran sel dari fungi.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm