Judul: Effective Conflict Management for Capture Fisheries in the Southern Sea of East Java
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to describe conflict typology, implemented local conflict management efforts and their effectiveness in Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi Bay in order to design an effective conflict management model. Data are obtained through a series of surveys in the study areas. Participatory institutional survey and conflict evaluation exercise were used to describe the conflicts. Principal component analysis and structural equation model were applied to verify hypotheses of capability of community in identifying factors determining conflict and selecting conflict resolution methods. The research was conducted to identify nine types of capture fisheries conflicts namely: 1) conflict on fee imposition 2) conflict on anchoring/landing port 3) conflict on fight for fishing ground, 4) conflict on capture tool discrepancy, 5) conflict on the use of potassium/chemical substances 6) conflict of fishing harvest division 7) conflict between local fishers and migrant fishers 8) conflict on environmental pollution and 9) conflict on coral reef destruction. Conflicts of capture fisheries are caused by eleven reasons namely 1) the number of people involved in conflict 2) the presence of community leaders in conflict, 3) the position of opposing sides 4) issues among the community 5) the local economic condition 6) the number of fishers 7) socio-cultural background 8) regulations and law enforcement 9) special community interests 10) competition in the use of resources and 11) perception of the people towards remaining resources. All conflicts were resolved by alternative dispute resolution method (ADR), namely: facilitation, negotiation, mediation and avoidance.
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Judul: System development for capture fisheries business of Riau Province
Abstrak: The general objectives of this research is to develop system development of capture fisheries business in Riau Province which can be used as referrence in capture fisheries development planning after experiencing expansion of administrative areas. To achieve these general objective, and more specifically the special purpose of this study are; 1) determine the proper capture fisheries business to develop; 2) determine the appropriate conflict resolution; 3) the appropriate institutional form in the development of capture fisheries business. Survey method was used to collecting information and data from the field. Schaefer model was used to determine the limit of fishery utilization by determining the Maximum Sustainable Yield ( MSY). Linear Goal Programming Model was used to analyze the technological allocation based on all determined target. Scoring method was applied to determine the best kind of capture fisheries technology. Quantitative and qualitative analysis were used for economic and social aspect and descriptive analysis to determine the environmental friendly fishing technology. Method of conflict resolution techniques based on Fisher et al. (2000). The results indicated that selected fish resource in Malacca Strait Bengkalis Regency are, yellow pike-conger (Congresox talabon), giant threadfish (Eleutheronema tetradactylum), silver pomfret (Pampus argenteus), and white shrimp (Metapenaeus sp), with fishing technology of longline, batu net, atom net and apollo net. The optimum amount for the selected fishing technology in Bengkalis Regency is 6595 unit. Selected fish resources in the South China Sea Indragiri Hilir Regency are giant threadfish (Eleutheronema tetradactylum)”, white shrimp (Metapenaeus sp), yellow pike-conger (Congresox talabon) and barred spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commersoni) and with fishing technology of longline, “batu net”, gillnet and shrimp net. The optimum amount for the selected fishing technology in Indragiri Hilir Regency is 5956 unit. Conflict in the waters of Bengkalis is the conflict between longline fishermen and batu net fishermen. Identification for the conflict typology based on internal allocation and jurisdiction. Strategic planning that can be done to resolve conflicts in these waters is the involvement of fishing communities, especially community leaders in the utilization and management, formal recognition of sea tenure in the community in resource management and increased surveillance conducted in an integrated manner, which involves all elements in System Development for Capture Fisheries Business of Riau Province (SIPUTREFIK) and the establisment of institutional mediators.
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Judul: Gerak Partikel Bermassa dan Tidak Bermassa di Sekitar Black Hole dalam Ruang-waktu Kerr 4+1 Dimensi
Abstrak: Metrik dari ruang-waktu Kerr 4+1 dimensi telah dikonstruksi di dalam penelitian sebelumnya, namun karakteristik dari ruang-waktu tersebut belum diuraikan lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini menguraikan karakteristik tersebut dengan merumuskan radius singularitas dan persamaan geodesiknya agar dapat memvisualisasikan gerak partikel bermassa dan tidak bermassa di sekitar black hole. Radius singularitas dari metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi dapat dihitung dari komponen dr^2 dan didapatkan hasil r=√(2M-a^2). Radius ini menggambarkan batas dari black hole atau dikenal sebagai event horizon. Radius event horizon lain juga ditemukan sebagai kasus khusus untuk partikel tidak bermassa dan didapatkan hasil r=√((ah/k)-a^2). Dari persamaan geodesik, hasil yang didapatkan berupa grafik-grafik potensial efektif dan visualisasi lintasan gerak partikel bermassa dan tidak bermassa yang berupa lintasan orbit tak terikat. Perbedaan bentuk setiap orbit lintasan partikel bermassa dan tidak bermassa ini diindikasikan sebagai konsekuensi dari dimensi ruang ekstra yang direpresentasikan dengan koordinat α., The metric of the 4+1 dimensional Kerr spacetime has been constructed in the previous research, however, the characteristics of this spacetime have not been elaborated furthermore. This research elaborates the characteristics by formulating the radius of singularity and geodesic equation for visualizing the massive and massless particle motion near the black hole. The radius of the singularity of the 4+1 dimensional Kerr metric can be obtained by dr^2-component and its result is r=√(2M-a^2). This radius describes the boundary of the black hole recognized as the event horizon. The other radius of event horizon also has been found as a special case for massless particle and its result is r=√((ah/k)-a^2). From the geodesic equation, the obtained results are in the form of graphs of the effective potential and visualization of the trajectories of massive and massless particle motion in the unbounded orbit. The difference between each trajectory of massive and massless particle motion is indicated as a consequence of the extra dimension represented by the α-coordinate.
Keyword: extra dimension, geodesic equation, Kerr spacetime, massive and massless particle, radius of singularity