Judul: Potensi Spirulina platensis Sebagai Antihipertensi Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Hipertensi menjadi penyebab kematian nomor tiga setelah stroke dan tuberkulosis di Indonesia. Mikroalga Spirulina platensis memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai sediaan obat alami untuk mengurangi resiko hipertensi.Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengoptimalkan produksi S. platensis sebagai bahan baku pangan fungsional terutama sebagai suplemen untuk mengurangi resiko hipertensi. Spirulina platensis dikultivasi selama satu minggu dalam media Walne dan RI1+Urea. Spirulina platensis yang dikultivasi dengan media Walne menghasilkan biomassa kering sebesar 7,81 gram, lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan hasil kultivasi dengan media RI1+Urea. Komponen aktif yang terkandung pada kedua kultur S. platensis adalah golongan alkaloid, steroid, dan saponin. Flavonoid hanya ditemukan pada S. platensis hasil kultivasi dalam media pupuk Walne dan didapatkan kandungan total flavonoid sebesar 1,264% (b/b). Kedua kultur S. platensis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan namun tergolong rendah dimana nilai IC50 sebesar 1584,86 ppm pada media Walne dan 1984,34 ppm pada pupuk RI1+Urea. Uji potensi antihipertensi secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak S. platensis 4000 ppm berpotensi sebagai antihipertensi.
Keyword: antioksidan, fitokimia, flavonoid, hipertensi, ileum

Judul: Extraction of Bioactive Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Spirulina platensis
Abstrak: Spirulina platensis merupakan salah satu mikroalga yang memiliki komponen aktif dan berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan komponen aktif, pigmen fikosianin, dan aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak S. platensis yang dikultivasi pada media pupuk dan S. platensis komersial. Tahapan penelitian meliputi kultivasi S. platensis pada media pupuk (urea, Gibberellic Acid, dan Plan Catalyst), pemanenan, pengeringan, ekstraksi komponen aktif, dan ekstraksi fikosianin menggunakan metode freeze thawing. Ekstrak S. platensis kultur mengandung flavonoid, fenol, saponin, dan steroid, sedangkan ekstrak S. platensis komersial mengandung saponin dan steroid. Kadar total fenol pada ekstrak S. platensis kultur (15,45±0,85 mg GAE/g) lebih besar dibandingkan ekstrak S. platensis komersial (9,13±0,85 mg GAE/g). Nilai IC50 pada ekstrak S. platensis kultur (277,01±20,6 ppm) menunjukkan aktivitas antioksidan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak S. platensis komersial (522,77±22.23 ppm). Konsentrasi fikosianin pada S. platensis kultur (4,18±0,03 mg/mL) lebih besar dibandingkan S. platensis komersial (1,86±0,02 mg/mL)., Spirulina platensis is one of the microalgae that contains active components and potentially as antioxidant. This study aimed to determine the active components, phycocyanin content, and antioxidant activity of the S. platensis extract cultivated using fertilizer media and commercial S. platensis. The steps of this research were cultivation of S. platensis in fertilizer media (urea, Gibberellic Acid, and Plan Catalyst), harvesting, drying, extraction of active components, and extraction of phycocyanin by freeze thawing method. Spirulina platensis extract from culture contained flavonoids, phenols, saponins, and steroids, while commercial S. platensis extract contained saponins and steroids. The total phenol of cultured S. platensis extract (15.45±0.85 mg GAE/g) was higher compared to that of commercial S. platensis extract (9.13±0.85 mg GAE/g). The IC50 value of cultured S. platensis extract (277.01±20.67 ppm) showed higher antioxidant activity compared to commercial S. platensis extract (522.77±22.23 ppm). The phycocyanin contents of cultured S. platensis (4.18±0,03 mg/mL) was higher compared to commercial S. platensis (1.86±0.02 mg/mL).
Keyword: commercial, culture, phenol, phycocyanin, Spirulina

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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