Judul: Dinamika dan Konfigurasi Kepentingan di Balik Pemaknaan terhadap Burung Berkicau di Jawa (Kasus di Surabaya dan Yogyakarta)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan atas dasar beberapa argumentasi. Pertama, burung memiliki peran yang cukup penting dalam kehidupan manusia dalam aspek ekonomi, ekologi, sosio-kultural dan ekologis. Kedua, terdapat gejala semakin meningkatnya kegemaran memelihara burung dikalangan masyarakat Jawa yang ditandai dengan semakin banyaknya komunitas penggemar burung dan kegiatan-kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan burung. Ketiga, meningkatnya kegemaran terhadap burung memberikan implikasi terhadap semakin terancamnya beberapa jenis burung di alam karena kegiatan perburuan dan perdagangan burung. Keempat, telaah terhadap peran aktor (manusia) dalam permasalahan menjadi salah satu fokus kajian yang penting dalam mengkaitkan antara permasalahan keterancaman burung di alam dengan perkembangan komunitas penggemar burung.
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Judul: Dinamika dan Konfigurasi Kepentingan di Balik Pemaknaan terhadap Burung Berkicau di Jawa (Kasus di Surabaya dan Yogyakarta)
Abstrak: This research have aim to explain about the tipology of birdkeepers community in Surabaya and Yogyakarta. The second is explain about the kinds of social construction in birdkeepers community in Surabaya and Yogyakarta and the third is to expalin the dynamic and interest configuration behind the social construction of songbird in birdkeepers community in Surabaya and Yogyakarta. In Surabaya and Yogyakarta, the tipology of birdkeeping organization and the birdkeepers commnuity is different one and another. This is because the socio-cultural setting in Surabaya and Yogyakarta is very different to representation the Java’s culture. This condition have some implication for the social construction in birdkeepers community in Surabaya and Yogyakarta. In Surabaya the economyc and commercial dimention of social construction is very dominated more than socio-cultural and conservation dimention. This condition is because in the historical aspect Surabaya is some of the city in Java became a center of economyc activity. The condition in Yogyakarta is very different with Surabaya, In Yogyakarta social construction of songbird in birdkeepers community dominated by socio-cultural dimention. The argument of this condition is because Yogyakarta in the historical aspect is a some of the city in Java became center of Java’s Kingdom with the traditional culture. The interpretation of the songbird in the birdkeepers community in Surabaya and Yogyakarta on the some aspect is dependent of interest configuration in outside of birdkeepers community. The interest configuration is a representation of actor-actor in outside area of birdkepeers community with have some interest to the activity of birdkeepers organization and the community. The dinamyc of social cosntruction in the birdkeepeers community is representation of interest configuration actor-actor. This is condition explain if actors role is very important dependent of songbird interpretation in Java’s society’s
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Judul: Efforts to Control and Prevent Pathogenic Infection of Multi-Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clone Using Alcohol-Base Hand Rub.
Abstrak: The pandemic that is occurring caused both by COVID-19 (currently occurring) as well as the clone of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the previous period has really threatened human life. This condition requires materials that can break the chain of transmission from human to human and from the environment to human. An alcohol-based antiseptic (hand rub/hand sanitizer) often contains ethanol, isopropanol or n-propanol, or a combination of two of these types. Alcohol has an excellent germicidal activity in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative vegetative bacteria (including multidrug-resistant pathogens such as MRSA and VRE) as well as viruses. Hand rub/hand sanitizer products are declared good if they have formulation stability, no irritation effect when they are used and are able to kill pathogens more than 90%. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of alcohol-based hand rub with WHO-based-standard formulation based on the stability of the formulation, the risk of irritation and the ability to kill bacteria. Hand rub/hand sanitizer was made by modifying the levels of the WHO formula with a hygiene procedure for 500 ml/bottle with the composition: Ethanol 96%; H2O2 3%; Glycerol 98%; and Aqua Sterile ad 500ml. Assessment on the presence of rancidity, clarity, discoloration, final alcohol content and skin irritation risk was done to know the quality of product formulation. A bacterial Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used to assess the percentage of bacterial killing power. The selected bacteria were bacteria commonly found in the hospital environment. The results of formulation stability from four variants of level modification showed that MD.4 has good stability compared to other formulation modifications. The results of the percentage kill test against MRSA showed that the percentage kill is 99.90% at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The selected manufacturer's product also showed the same percentage kill value at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The results of percentage kill test showed that the effective value for each contact time is ≥ 90%. The SEM observations showed that MD.4 hand rub effect in the form of MRSA cell lysis. The LC50 test, it is known that MD.4 hand rub value is 620 ppm while softaman (control) is 114 ppm. In terms of irritation risk, twenty-three selected subjects were generally well tolerated in use.
Keyword: hand rub, hand sanitizer, ahmad Subhan, percentage kill bacteria, MRSA, WHO