Judul: Ruminal fermentation, production and fatty acid quality of milk of late lactation dairy goat fed pufa-diet supplemented with Yeast and C. xanthorrhiza Roxb.
Abstrak: In order to meet milk demand nationally and at the same time to improve milk quality, in this case fatty acid of lactating ruminants such as dairy goat; it is required a nutritional improvement in the ration. Based on previous research results that have been applied to either dairy goat or dairy cows with supplementations of yeast, fermented cassava- curcuma (C. xanthorrhiza roxb), Tabut block, and lactating concentrate were reported to increase milk yield and milk quality. Therefore, three experiments, evaluating nutrient contents during storage of the polyunsaturated fatty acid or PUFA- concentrate, analyzing fermented PUFA- diet in vitro, and applying PUFA- diet in vivo had been conducted. Diet containing PUFA- concentrate (PUFA sources consisted of roasted ground corn, roasted soybean meal, and corn oil) supplemented with yeast and curcuma had been applied in late lactation dairy goats. The first experiment was to evaluate the nutritive values of PUFA- concentrate supplemented with yeast and curcuma stored in 2-6 weeks. There were four PUFA- concentrates, namely, no supplement (PC0), 0.5% yeast (PCY), 2% curcuma powder (PCC), and a mixture of 0.5% yeast with 2% curcuma (PCM). Yeast (containing 3.6 x 107 cfu/g) and curcuma powder (containing 0.8% curcumin) were self made. These concentrates were evaluated for nutrition and fatty acid contents during 2 and 6 weeks of storage. Results showed that moisture and Saccharomyces cereviseae (20.68 x 106 cfu/g) increased significantly (P<0.05) in 6 weeks of storage; whereas, dry matter (DM) and organic matter (OM), crude fiber (CF), nitrogen free extract (NFE) decreased significantly (P<0.05). The total PUFA (P), P/S, monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and long chain fatty acid (LCFA) contents were found higher in PUFA- concentrate with 2% curcuma powder. Whereas, the PUFA- concentrate with 0.5% yeast and 2% curcuma powder was higher in unsaturated (U) fat and the ratio of U/S. Based on all nutrient values during the storage of 2- 6 weeks, the PUFA- concentrate with 0.5% yeast and 2% curcuma powder was considered nutritionally reasonable. The second experiment, in vitro, was conducted to evaluate the ruminal performances of PUFA-diet (containing PUFA-concentrate with soybean byproduct and King grass) supplemented with yeast and curcuma. Experimental design applied was Randomized Complete Block of 4 ruminal liquor derived from four slaughtered goats and 4 treatments (PD0, PDY, PDC, PDM ), in 3 replications. Variables analyzed were pH, N-NH3, total and partial VFA, TPC, and CH4. Results showed that in spite of having the lowest organic and dry matter digestibilities as well as N- NH3; however, supported by low protozoa population and high VFA production in the goat rumen fluid, the PUFA- diet with a mixture of yeast and curcuma additives was considered the most potential diet to improve nutrient metabolism in rumen. The third experiment, in vivo, was to evaluate milk production and health of dairy goat fed PUFA-diet supplemented with yeast of curcuma. The were 20 crossbred Ettawa goats in the late lactation selected based on their production levels and grouped them in Randomized Block design to receive 5 treatments of no supplement (PD0), 3 tablets of Asifit (PDA), 0.5%/d yeast (PDY),
Keyword: C. xanthorrhiza Roxb, dairy goat, in vitro, in vivo, PUFA- diet, Yeast, storage

Judul: Effects of Urea-Amoniation, Hydrolyzed Poultry Feather, Cassava Leaves, and Mixture of Lysine-Zinc-Lemuru Fish Oil on Feed Utilization in Ruminants.
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluai penggunaan amoniasi urea pada rumput gajah, hidrolisat bulu ayam sebagai sumber asam amino bersulfur, daun singkong sebagai asam amino bercabang, dan penggunaan campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru sebagai modulator pencernaan rumen dan pascarumen. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap dengan Iima perlakuan ransum yang dicobakan, sebagai berikut: A= 40% rumput gajah (RG)+ 60% konsentrat (K), B = 40% amoniasi urea RG + 60% K, C = B + 3% hidrolisat bulu ayam, D = C + 15% daun singkong, dan .E = D + 1.06% campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru. Percobaan pertama menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pada 20 ekor kambing Peranakan Etawah dengan bobot hidup berkisar antara 13 sampai 29 kg. Percobaan kedua mengunakan rancangan bujur sangkar latin 5 x 5 pada sapi perah laktasi. Amoniasi urea rumput gajah dan hidrolisat bulu ayam menurunkan konsumsi bahan kering ransum pada kambing Peranakan Etawah, namun pengaruhnya pada sapi perah tidak berbeda nyata. Hidrolisat bulu ayam meningkatkan (P<0.05) kecernaan bahan organik (71.69 vs 74.35 %) dan produksi susu sapi perah laktasi (12.36 vs 13.47 kg/hari). Daun singkong meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering ransum (329 vs 402 g/hari), retensi N (7.71 vs 9.30 g/hari) dan rata-rata pertambahan bobo hidup harian kambing Peranakan Etawah (68.45 vs 89.29 g/hari). Campuran lisin-Zn-minyak lemuru berkecenderungan meningkatkan rata-rata pertambahan bobot hidup, menurunkan kadar lemak tubuh, dan kadar kolesterol serum darah pada kambing Peranakan Etawah, serta meningkatkan produksi, kandungan lemak, dan beberapa asam lemak rantai panjang pada sapi perah laktasi. Berdasarkan pertimbangan parameter metabolit dan penampilan produksi, ransum E merupakan ransum yang terbaik., The objectives of this study were to evaluate the efficacy of urea-ammoniation of elephant grass, the use of hydrolysed poultry feather as the source of S-containing amino acids, the use of cassava leaves as the source of branched-chain amino acids, and mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil as a modulator for ruminal and postruminal digestion. The study consisted of two trials with five dietary treatments, i. e. A = 40% elephant grass (EG) + 60% concentrate mix (CM), B = 40% urea-ammoniated EG + 60% CM, C = B + 3% hydrolysed poultry feather (HPF), D = C + 15% cassava leaves, and E = D + 1.06% mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil. In trial 1, 20 Etawah grade goats of 13-20 kg live weight were assigned in a randomized block design. In trial 2, the treatments and the exprimental cows were assigned ini a 5x5 latin square design. Urea-ammoniation and hydrolysed poultry feather decreased dry matter (DM) intake of goats but the effect of inclusion of these component was not observed in lactating dairy cows. OM digestibility (71.69 vs 74.35 %) and milk production of lactating dairy cows were significantly improved (12.36 vs 13.47 kg day°1) by hydrolysed poultry feather (P< 0.05). Cassava leaves increased DM intake (329 vs 402 g. day"1 ), N retention (7.71 vs 9.30 g day"1 ) and average daily gain of goats (68.45 vs 89.29 g day°1). Mixture of lysine-Zn-lemuru fish oil in Etawah grade goats tended to increase average daily gain, decrease body fat and cholesterol serum. However, milk production, milk fat content, and some
Keyword: Amoniation, Hydroyzed, Cassava leaves, Lyzine-zinc, Lemuru fish oil, Feed utilization

Judul: Pemetaan tingkat kerawanan bencana tsunami menggunakan data penginderaan jauh dan Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG) studi kasus : kota Padang
Abstrak: Wilayah Indonesia terletak disekitar lempeng-lempeng tektonik sehingga mempunyai wilayah yang rawan gempa dan banyak mempunyai gunung api. Jika aktivitas gempa dan gunung api tersebut berada di dasar laut yang dangkal akan berpotensi menimbulkan bencana tsunami.
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