Judul: Perubahan Konsentrasi Larutan Gula pada Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kebutuhan Daya Pengadukan
Abstrak: During osmotic dehydration, water leaving the product may dilute the osmotic solution, especially for conditions having low product solution ratio. The main objectives of this study were to obtain the characteristic of sugar solution concentration during osmotic dehydration of mango and its effect on stirring power requirement. Solution concentration used in this study was 61o brix. Three level of solution temperature, i.e 30 oC, 40 oC, 50 oC and three levels of stirring speed, i.e 100 rpm, 300 rpm and 500 rpm were used as the process variables. Stirring speed and high temperature solution will increase the water loss, while the final moisture content of the sample will be lower. Highest water loss by 70% and the lowest final moisture content of 35.3% wb occur at 30oC temperature treatment and stirring speed 500 rpm. Solid gain at high stirring speed increased temperatures 30oC (4.59%), 40oC (7.92%) and 50oC (11.9%), while the solid gain with medium and low stirring speed did not increase. High stirring speed (500 rpm) at a temperature of 30oC solution, 40oC and 50oC produces Reynolds number greater than the low (100 rpm) and medium (300 rpm) stirring speed for 8 hours. The decresing osmotic solution concentration due to the water leaving the mango during the osmotic process provided the reduction solution viscosity. These conditions caused in the stirring rotation speed increased, so the need for stirrer motor power decreased during the osmotic dehydration process.
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Judul: Rekonsentrasi Larutan Gula pada Proses Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) dengan Teknik Distilasi
Abstrak: Osmotic dehydration (OD) involves the immersion of fruits in concentrated sugar solutions, where both partial dehydration of the tissue and solid uptake take place. During the dehydration process, the concentration of sugar solution will decrease because the water loss of fruits. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with ultrafiltration membrane PP (polypropylene) was used to reconcentrated sugar solution on the osmotic dehydration of mango (Indramayu variety). Variables used were the concentration of solution at 30, 35, 40 oBx and cold temperatures permeate membrane at 5, 10, 15 OC for 480 minutes with the membrane feed temperature at 50 OC. The results showed that the concentration of sugar solution increased the rate of water loss, solids gain, mass and volume shrinkage. Temperature differences between feed and permeate also lead to increased flux membranes. Flux membrane and water loss in mango were measurement of determine the optimal ratio of product : sugar solution on the osmotic dehydration (w/w). Permeate flux obtained in this study was 0.051-0136 l/m2h. Osmotic dehydration with initial concentration 40 oBx will decrease to 35.6 oBx, while reconcentration using DCMD show the concentration 38.8 oBx. The concentration degree (CD) of membrane DCMD was 96.5%, indicating the effective of the process sugar solution reconcentration.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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