Judul: Analisis Debit Sungai Dengan Menggunakan Model SWAT Pada DAS Cipasauran, Banten
Abstrak: Total water demand at non industrial and industrial region in Cilegon is increasing. With its water production capacity of 2,000 lt/s, PT Krakatau Tirta Industri can't fulfill the amount number of demand from all sectors at Cilegon. To cover the shortage of water supply of ±600 lt/s, PT KTI must take more water from Cipasauran Watershed. SWAT model could be use to make a discharge analysis concerning to water supply at Cipasauran Watershed. Input data such as soil characteristics, climate data, landuse, and hydrology data at the area of the watershed were prepared and inputted at the data input file. In SWAT simulation, 4 process were done, i.e. watershed delineation, hydrological response unit (HRU) forming, data process and SWAT simulation, and visualization process. The result showed that the daily and monthly calibration process crossed 84% and 83% with the 95PPU area, with daily and monthly p-factor value of 0.84 and 0.83. Thus, calibrated model result was valid, though R2 and NS value were not satisfied. Using the validated SWAT model, the daily discharge in Cipasauran Watershed was about 0 - 3.309 m3/s, whereas the monthly discharge was 0.648 - 3.266 m3/s. It meaned that daily and monthly water demand of 0.6 m3/s were fulfilled about 98.22% and 100%.
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Judul: Analisis debit dengan menggunakan Model Tangki pada Sungai Cipasauran, Banten
Abstrak: PT. Krakatau Tirta Industri (PT.KTI) merupakan salah satu perusahaan di Kawasan Cilegon yang memasok air bersih untuk sektor industri dan nonindustri dengan kapasitas terpasang sebesar 2.00 m³/s. Permintaan akan pasokan air terus bertambah seiring telah dibangunnya berbagai industri baru di Kawasan Industri Krakatau Cilegon. PT. KTI melakukan berbagai alternatif penambahan air yang memungkinkan untuk menanggulangi kekurangan air baku yang terjadi, diantaranya dengan menambah pengambilan air dari Sungai Cipasauran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi model pendugaan debit Sungai Cipasauran berdasarkan model tangki dan mengetahui ketersediaan air berdasarkan model tangki jersebut. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan dua tahap, yaitu tahap pertama berupa pengumpulan data sekunder, serta tahap kedua berupa tahap analisis. Data yang gunakan untuk proses optimasi adalah data hujan dan debit sungai harian dengan periode Juli 2007-Juni 2008. Hasil optimasi model untuk periode tersebut menghasilkan nilai R sebesar 0.85, Mean Absolute Error sebesar 1.56, Root Mean Square Error sebesar 2.69, dan LOG sebesar 0.11, dan hasil validasi model untuk periode tersebut menghasilkan nilai R² sebesar 0.72. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah lakukan, jumlah debit air yang dapat dimanfaatkan dari Sungai Cipasauran berdasarkan model yang telah dibuat untuk periode Juli 2007-Juni 2008, Juli 2008-Himi 2009, dan Juli 2009-Juni 2010 berturut-turut sebesar 13,412,343 m³/tahman, 9,078,351 m³/tahun, dan 8,713,695 m³/tahun…
Keyword: Cipasauran watershed, tank model, PT. Krakatau Tirta Industri

Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum