Judul: Olahraga dan ciri-ciri antropometri remaja sekolah menengah tingkat pertama
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kecenderungan pengaruh olahraga terhadap ciri-ciri antropometri remaja Sekolah Menengah Tingkat Pertama. Sebagai obyek penelitian dipilih siswa pria berusia 13 14 tahun dan siswa wanita berusia 12- 13 tahun, karena pada usia tersebut merupakan masa pubertas, dimana tubuh mengalami pertumbuhan yang pesat. Selanjutnya siswa siswi ini dibedakan menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok remaja pria dan wanita yang aktif berolahraga (kelompok I) dan yang kurang aktif berolahraga (kelompok II). Masing- masing kelompok pria diwakili oleh 30 orang dan masing- masing kelompok wanita diwakili oleh 28 orang, sehingga total contoh sebanyak 116 orang. Jumlah contoh ditentukan berdasarkan 40 % populasi kelompok I. Berdasarkan pertimbangan lokasi sekolah yang dekat dengan sarana olahraga dan besarnya jumlah siswa, maka data penelitian ini diambil di SMP Negeri 88 Jakarta Barat dalam jangka waktu dua bulan. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah data primer meliputi jenis dan frekuensi olahraga, konsumsi zat gizi (energi dan protein), catatan kesehatan contoh (sejak enam bulan terakhir), tinggi badan, berat badan dan lingkar lengan atas. Data diambil dengan bantuan berupa (1) Tabel "Recall" untuk mengetahui konsumsi zat gizi, (2) "Microtoise" untuk mengukur tinggi badan, (3) Timbangan injak ("Balance scale / weighing machine model ZT 120" buatan Cina) untuk mengukur berat badan, dan (4) Pita pengukur lingkar lengan atas dari "fiberglass".
Keyword: Antropometri

Judul: Analisis Karakteristik Antropometri dan Komposisi Tubuh dengan Somatotype Atlet Remaja Sekolah Atlet Ragunan Jakarta
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis karakteristik antropometri dan komposisi tubuh dengan somatotype atlet empat cabang olahraga yaitu atletik, renang, sepak bola, dan taekwondo di Sekolah Atlet Ragunan Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan Mei hingga Juni 2016 dengan desain cross sectional. Sampel dipilih secara purposive (n=68) terdiri dari 46 laki-laki dan 22 perempuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan ukuran berat badan, tinggi badan, lingkar tubuh (dada, pinggang, pinggul, lengan atas, dan betis), serta lebar femur dan humerus responden antar cabang olahraga (p<0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan tebal lemak bawah kulit responden antar cabang olahraga (p>0.05). Tidak terdapat perbedaan somatotype responden antar cabang olahraga (p>0.05). Komponen endomorphy dipengaruhi oleh tebal lemak bawah kulit triceps, subscapular, suprailiac, dan tinggi badan (p<0.05). Komponen mesomorphy dipengaruhi oleh LILA, tinggi badan, lingkar betis, lebar humerus dan femur, tebal lemak triceps dan medial calf (p<0.05). Komponen ectomorphy dipengaruhi oleh lingkar dada, tinggi badan, berat badan, dan lingkar pinggang (p<0.05).
Keyword: atlet, karakteristik antropometri, komposisi tubuh, somatotype

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable