Judul: Modeling of flood and drought prediction (case study in  Separi watershed, Kutai Kartanegara, East Kalimantan)
Abstrak: A huge disater might be happened as a result of land use change especially forest that has good cover then was barely opened to rain drop impact as a result of trees cutting. Two negatives impacts that usually happened are flood in the rainy season and drought in the dry season.
Keyword: drought in the dry season, land use composition, watershed Separi management, loamy soil, sandy and clay dominant soil

Judul: Modeling of Flood for Land Use Management (Case Study of Ciliwung Watershed)
Abstrak: Floods are one of the major disasters affecting many countries in the world year after year. It is an inevitable natural phenomenon occurring from time to time in all rivers and natural drainage systems. It causes damage to lives, natural resources and environment as well as the loss of economy and health. Floods represent complex problems because of its variety. Therefore, this variety cannot be studied or controlled only by one or two specific methods. The objectives of this research are to understand the process of flood events and its interaction with hydrometeorological components, to develop flood model for watershed management and to determine the effect of land use change to watershed discharge which indicates flood event. The research consists of four processes those are 1) Data Preparation, 2) Model Development, 3) Model Simulation and 4) Model Calibration and Validation. Data preparation was conducted for two kinds of data namely spatial data and tabular data. Model developed as numerical model of the hydrology of a river basin system. This model includes the response of watershed to precipitation, the actions of the river network as water flows through the river, the effect of land use changes, and the effect of engineering structures to the watershed. Model simulated by change land use as an input. Model calibrated by using water level data of field measurement in year 1996 and model validated by using water level data of field measurement in year 2000. The result of this reseach showed how the process based modeling is useful to model hidrological processes over the watershed. Precipitation is the main input for hidrology simulation and land use change gives the effect of water level in the watershed. The model which is built in this research can be used to evaluate runoff from different land use areas. For assessing the hydrological effects of land use changes on floods, three hypothetical scenarios, namely urbanization, deforestation and afforestation scenario, were considered made. It was found from the model simulation that the urbanization scenario has the higest negative impact on increasing water level. Deforestation has the second largest negative impact, while afforestation causes positive impact shown by decreasing water level. The result indicated that the urbanization produce the highest peak flow, followed by the deforestation and afforestation scenario. The simulated water level for the present land use is 84 cm, for the urbanization scenario 135 cm, deforestation scenario 92 cm, and afforestation scenario 59 cm. Accordingly, the urbanization scenario increases the peak discharge by 61%, the deforestation scenario increase 15%, and afforestation decrease by 19%.
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Judul: Sintesis dan pengukuran konduktivitas listrik, sifat termal, serta struktur konduktor superionik gelas AgBr-Ag2O-B2O3
Abstrak: Koncluktor superionik adalah padatan ionik yang mempunyai koncluktivitas listrik tinggi yaitu lebih besar dari 10-4 .0·1 cnf1, tetapi biasanya terjadi pada suhu yang tinggi. Pcneli:ian ini berlujuan untuk mensintesis clan memperoleh bahan konduktor superionik yang berbasis gelas (AgBr)., (Ag20-B20_1)1_, pacla suhu kamar, serta karakterisasi konduktivitas listrik, sifat tcrrnal dan perubahan stmktur dari sistem gclas terscbut. Konduktor superionik berbasis gclas (AgBr)x (Ag2O-B2O3)1.x dcngan x yang bcrvariasi yaitu 0,5; 0,7; dan 0,8 tclah disintcsis dcngan menggunakan teknik pendinginan ccpat. Carnpuran lcbunu1 AgBr dan Ag20-B203 didinginkan secara cepat dalam lingkungan nitrogen cair sehingga terbentuk (AgBrt (Ag20-B203)1_,. Pcngukuran konduktivilas listrik dilakukan pada berbagai komposisi x dcngan earn mcngukur tahanan listriknya dengan suhu yang bervariasi menggunakan mctoda ac yang mcnerapkan: prinsip jembatan Wheatstone. Untuk menganalisis sifat struktur digunakan difrnksi sinar-x, sedangkan pengukuran sifat tennal dari konduktor digunakan Differential 7'lierma/ Analysis. Hasil pengukuran mcnunjukkan bahwa konduktivitas listrik scnyawa (AgBr), (Ag20-B203)1• , naik dcngan pcnambahan garam AgBr pada sistem gelas Ag2O-B2O3 mcncapai nilai konduktivitas yang maksimum kcmudian nilai tcrsebut akan l\mm kemba!L Konduktivitas listrik yang optimum didapat pada komposisi x = 0,8, yaitu 9,12 · 10-6 n·1 cm-1 pada suhu kamar. Oleh sebab itu scnyawa (AgBr), (Ag20- B203)1.x bclum dapat digolongkan sebagai konduktor supcrionik pada suhu kamar. Namun scnymva tcrscbut dapat bcrlaku scbagai konduktor superionik jika suhu dinaikkan hingga 110°C dcngari konduktivitasnya 1,22 · 10··1 rr1 cnf1• Hasil analisis tcnnal untuk semua komposisi menunjukkan suhu transisi gelas sekitar l 75°C, scdangkan pola difraksi yang tcrjadi pada x = 0,5 dan x = 0,8 adalah kristalin, dan pada x = 0,7 rnempunyai polu amorf.
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