Judul: Determining the type of Solid-Waste Treatment Facility by Residential Typology Approach In Tangerang City
Abstrak: As long as waste management paradigm is still collect-transpot-dump patterned, the increase in the volume of waste will continue burdening the city due to the capacity limitation on final disposal area. This limitation makes the reduction in and waste management from the household, both at the individual and community level, becomes a necessity that needs to be expedited. One of the components that affect waste reduction efforts through an integrated waste management 3R is the availability of community-based waste management and community participation as a waste generator. The most important indicators of successful the 3Rs implementation is how to encourage a change in attitude and mindset of the people towards environmentally and sustainability of waste management. This study aims to formulate the provision of domestic waste treatment facility in accordance with the physical characteristics and the character of the people in the residential through: (1) identification of the residential typology in the city of Tangerang based on its waste management, (2) identify the dominant factors that influence the choice of waste management facilities, and (3) to formulate the priority of different types of solid-waste treatment facility based on residential typology. Analysis tools used include (1) spatial analysis through visual interpretation of high-resolution satellite imagery, (2) descriptive analysis of the community character in waste management, (3) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and (4) Multi-Criteria Decision Making ( MCDM) by Technique for Order Performance by Similiarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) method. In order to identify the residential typology used a combination of spatial analysis and descriptive analysis of the interviews and questionnaires were distributed to the residents. The result of this combination is 12 residential typology that describes the physical characteristics of the environment and character of the people that influential in waste management. Based on the results of AHP by stakeholders perception of the factors required under the general guidelines for community-based 3R waste management in residential areas, it was found that none of the factors very determinant for the waste management facilities choice, with a weight range between 8-17%. The priority type of solid-waste management facilities based on residential typology obtained with the aid of the MCDM-TOPSIS analysis. Based on the analysis we found that there are 6 groups of residentials were grouped according to the type of waste treatment facility priority.
Keyword: AHP, MCDM-TOPSIS, 3R waste management, waste treatment facilities, residential typology

Judul: Service Improvement Strategy for Cleaning and Gardening Agency in the management of residential solid waste (studies in Bogor Regency).
Abstrak: Solid waste management problem occurs because of imbalance between the volume of solid waste and ability in management. The objectives of this research are: (1) to evaluate the implementation of residential solid waste management services in Bogor Regency, (2) to analyze community perceptions about residential solid waste service, and (3) to formulate strategies to improve coverage of residential solid waste service in Bogor Regency. The data were collected through observation and interview to the respondents that know about the policy under study. The data were analyzed by using quantitative descriptive analysis based on the applicable service standard of the Minister of Settlement and Regional Infrastructure Number 534/KPTS/M/2001, index measurement analysis, and Hierarchy Analytic Process (AHP). Quantitatively the performance of solid waste management based on the amount of solid waste transported achieve 22,46 %. According to the underserved population has just reached 16 %. The amount of solid waste transport vehicle is only just reached 20 % of the transportation needs. Solid waste retribution only reaches 26,5% of operational cost of solid waste services. Efforts to increase residential solid waste service coverage with the addition of operational facilities require a very large cost. Therefore, alternative solid waste management needs to be done at the local level with the reduction and handling of solid waste from its source through the application of R3 (reduce, reuse and recycle) with the program are: (1) Internalization and education R3 Program, (2) Establishment of a group / institutional, (3) Provide facilities and assistance, and (4) Support product marketing.
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Judul: Peranan unsur kalsium serta hubungannya dengan " demam susu" pada sapi perah
Abstrak: Demam susu atau "parturient paresis" adalah penyakit yang secara primer sering menyerang sapi perah yang tengah atau baru saja melahirkan anaknya. Penyakit ini merupakan suatu bentuk kekacauan metabolisme kalsium. Dalam hal ini hewan-hewan penderita adalah sapi-sapi perah yang tak mampu memenuhi tuntutan tubuhnya ter hadap kebutuhan akan kalsium yang begitu memuncak pada awal masa laktasi. Sapi-sapi perah yang rentan umumnya sudah mengalami masa laktasi 3 4 kali. Ditambah dengan adanya faktor predisposisi, yaitu metabolisme tulang yang makin melambat karena hewan bertambah tua dan penyerapan kalsium dari makanan yang terganggu. Kadar kalsium plasma hewan pada saat itu jauh dibawah kadar normalnya, dan hal itu akan mengakibatkan serangkaian gejala klinis penyakit yang khas. Karena kalsium berperan antara lain pada kontraksi urat daging/otot dan pada pemindahan impuls saraf, maka menurunnya kadar mineral ini dalam darah (hipokalsemia) akan menimbulkan gangguan saraf dan Hipokalsemia yang disertai dengan hipomagnesemia akan menimbulkan gejala tetani. Sedang pada hewan dengan kadar magnesium dalam darah normal atau sedikit lebih tinggi (hipermagnesemia relatif) gejala tetani akibat hipokalsemia akan segera diikuti dengan adanya kelemahan otot (relaksasi otot). Hipokalsemia yang dibiarkan berlarut-larut akan menimbulkan kematian hewan ternak karena peranan unsur kalsium yang demikian penting dalam tubuh. Pencegahan demam susu ditempuh dengan cara pengaturan pakan yang baik, yaitu dengan menghindari masukan kalsium berlebihan terutama pada masa kering kandang dan kadar fosfor(P) yang cukup sesuai kebutuhan.
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