Judul: Efektivitas Gugus Pelindung ‒OH Fenolik pada Floroasetofenon dan 3,4- Dihidroksibenzaldehida dalam Upaya Menyintesis Kuersetin
Abstrak: Quercetin is a of flavonol compound with hydroxylated A and B rings. Synthesis of this group of compounds is commonly through condensation reaction between hydroxylated acetophenoneand benzaldehyde derivatives and needs introduction of phenolic-OH protecting groups. In this study, tetrahydropyranylether (OTHP) and benzylether (OBn) were compared for their effectiveness in protecting the 2 phenolic‒OH groups in phloroactophenone and 3.4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as the first step in quercetin synthesis. OTHP gave a huge steric hindrance so it could not protect the phenolic-OH of phloroacetophenone. On the contrary, OBn protected phloroacetophenone and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde more effectively. Two equivalent of BnBr in dimethylformamide after 24 hours, produced 2’,4’-di-Obenzylphloroacetophenone and 3,4-bis-(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde with 48% and 55% of yield, respectively. The condensation reaction between the two protected precursors produce mixture of products predicted to contain eriodictiol chalcone Bn-protected. Oxidative cyclization of the chalcone was yet to be succeeded to failed to form tetra-O-benzylquercetin. However, the effectiveness of OBn as a phenolic-OH protective group has been successfully demonstrated in this study
Keyword: phloroacetophenone tetrahydropyranil, 3.4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, chalchone, benzyl

Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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Judul: Penilaian Memar Karkas Sebagai Indikator Kesejahteraan Hewan pada Sapi Brahman Cross
Abstrak: (STATE KESEJAHTERAAN HEWAN DAPAT DILIHAT DARI MEMAR KARKAS). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kesejahteraan ternak dengan mengobservasi banyaknya kejadian memar karkas sapi brahman cross. PENGAMATAN MEMAR PADA KARKAS DILAKUKAN PADA 300 KARKAS SAPI BRAHMAN CROSS. INDIKATOR MEMAR PADA KARKAS MELIPUTI.... Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara deskriptif meliputi frekuensi dan persentase kejadian memar. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan TERDAPAT 70 KARKAS SAPI TIDAK MEMAR (...%) SEDANGKAN 230 karkas mengalami kejadian memar. Persentase tingkaT KEPARAHAN memar KARKAS sebesar 90.43% dan tingkat memar 2 sebesar 9.57%. Tidak terjadi tingkat keparahan memar hingga ke tulang pada saat pengamatan. PENYEBAB MEMAR Sedangkan proses unloading memiliki nilai durasi waktu dibawah satu menit (sangat baik). Perilaku terpeleset, melompat, dan jatuh merupakan perilaku yang sering muncul selama proses unloading yang menjadi salah satu penyebab terjadinya memar pada karkas.
Keyword: transportasi, memar karkas, brahman cross, tingkah laku