Judul: Analisis Sistem Pemasaran Sapi Potong di Kota Depok
Abstrak: Terdapat penawaran dan permintaan sapi potong di Kota Depok sehingga membentuk suatu proses pemasaran. Besarnya selisih harga sapi potong ditingkat peternak dengan harga yang diperoleh konsumen perlu diteliti apakah sesuai dengan fungsi pemasaran dan biaya yang terdapat disepanjang saluran pemasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi saluran dan fungsi pemasaran yang dijalankan lembaga pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok, serta menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok berdasarkan nilai margin pemasaran, persentase farmer’s share, dan nilai rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Responden dalam penelitian terdiri dari 23 peternak sapi potong yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, selanjutnya 5 pedagang besar dan 5 pedagang kecil responden diperoleh melalui metode snowball sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa hasil wawancara, dilengkapi oleh data sekunder berupa kajian terhadap informasi pustaka yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat saluran pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok. Saluran pemasaran I dan III sebagai saluran pemasaran paling efisien memiliki nilai margin pemasaran rendah, nilai farmer’s share tinggi, dan nilai rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya >1., There is supply and demand for beef cattle in Depok City, thus forming a marketing process. The magnitude of the difference between the price of beef cattle at the farmer level and the price obtained by consumers needs to be investigated, whether it is by the marketing function and costs that exist along the marketing channel. This study aims to identify marketing channels and functions run by beef cattle marketing institutions in Depok City and analyze the marketing efficiency of beef cattle in Depok City based on the marketing margin, farmer's share percentage, and the value of the profit-to-cost ratio. Respondents in the study consisted of 23 beef cattle breeders who were determined using the purposive sampling method, then 5 large traders and 5 small traders respondents were obtained through the snowball sampling method. This study uses primary data in the form of interviews and supplemented by secondary data in the form of a survey of relevant library information. The research shows that there are four marketing channels for beef cattle in Depok City. Marketing channel I and III as the most efficient marketing channel has a low marketing margin, a high farmer's share value, and a profit-to-cost ratio >1.
Keyword: efficiency, margin, livestock, marketing channels

Judul: Efficiency Analysis of Beef Supply Chain at Bogor City
Abstrak: Daging sapi merupakan produk unggulan komoditas ternak karena dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat luas. Analisis rantai pasok daging sapi dilakukan dengan analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis kualitatif dilakukan dengan menggunakan pendekatan Food Supply Chain Networking (FSCN) yang terdiri dari analisis sasaran rantai pasok, struktur jaringan rantai pasok, manajemen rantai pasok, sumber daya rantai pasok, dan proses bisnis rantai pasok. Analisis kuantitatif dilakukan untuk mengetahui efisiensi dari rantai pasok dengan menggunakan perhitungan marjin pemasaran dan farmer’s share. Hasil analisis kuantitatif adalah saluran 1 yang beranggotakan peternakan – penggemukan – pedagang besar – pedagang kecil – konsumen merupakan saluran pemasaran paling efisien dengan marjin pemasaran 78% dan farmer’s share 22%. Saluran 5 yang beranggotakan peternakan – penggemukan – pedagang besar – industri pengolahan – pedagang kecil – Hotel, Restoran, dan Katering (Horeka) – konsumen merupakan saluran pemasaran yang paling tidak efisien dengan marjin pemasaran 83% dan farmer’s share 17%. Maka dari itu, untuk mengetahui kondisi rantai pasok lebih lanjut diperlukan observasi langsung dan kordinasi dengan pihak-pihak terkait.
Keyword: Beef, Farmer’s share, FSCN, Marketing margin, Supply chain

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity