Judul: Physiological Performance and Productivity of Quail Layer Period Supplemented Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke
Abstrak: Asap cair tempurung kelapa (ACTK) umumnya digunakan sebagai pengawet makanan dan mengandung flavonoid, tanin dan saponin sehingga memiliki sifat antioksidan yang dapat mengatasi stres oksidatif pada puyuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penggunaan asap cair tempurung kelapa terhadap kinerja fisiologis dan produktivitas puyuh periode layer. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 5 level perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan yaitu P0 (kontrol), P1 (0,25 mL/L ACTK), P2 (0,50 mL/L ACTK), P3 (0,75 mL/L ACTK), P4 (1 mL/L ACTK). Variabel yang diamati yaitu kinerja fisiologis (hematologi, superoksida dismutasi (SOD), malondialdehida (MDA) dan rasio H/L), produktivitas (konsumsi air minum dan pakan, produksi telur, massa telur, konversi pakan (FCR) dan mortalitas), dan kualitas fisik telur (bobot telur, tinggi putih telur kental dan persentase kerabang telur). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ACTK tidak berpengaruh (P>0,05) terhadap produktivitas dan kualitas fisik telur. Nilai hematologi dan stres indikator pada puyuh yang diberi ACTK, khususnya P1 dapat mengurangi stres oksidatif. Nilai konversi pakan optimal diperoleh oleh P1 (3,35). Kesimpulan penelitian ini yaitu Asap cair tempurung kelapa (ACTK) grade 3 dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi stres oksidatif pada puyuh periode layer. Dosis 0,25 mL/L air minum (P1) ACTK menghasilkan nilai terbaik untuk indikator stres dan feed conversion ratio (FCR)., Coconut shell liquid smoke (CSLS) is commonly used as a food preservative. It contains flavonoids, tannins, and saponins, all of which have antioxidant characteristics that can help quail to overcome oxidative stress. This study aimed to analyze the effect of coconut shell liquid smoke on the physiological performance and productivity of the quail laying period. The research method used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 5 treatment levels with 3 replications, namely P0 (control), P1 (0,25 mL/L CSLS), P2 (0,50 mL/L CSLS), P3 (0,75 mL/L CSLS) and P4 (1 mL/L CSLS). Variables measured included physiological performance (hematology, superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA) and H/L ratio), productivity (water and feed intake, egg production, egg mass, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality), and physical egg quality (egg weight, viscous albumin height and percentage of eggshell). The results showed that supplementing CSLS had no significant effect (P>0,05) on quail eggs' performance and physical egg quality. Hematological values and stress indicators revealed that quail-supplemented coconut shell liquid smoke, particularly P1, can lower oxidative stress. The optimum FCR value was obtained at P1 (3,35). It was concluded that coconut shell liquid smoke could be used as a reduction of oxidative stress in the quail layer period. It was found that the optimum stress indicators and FCR were obtained at a dose of 0.25 mL/L CSLS through drinking water (P1).
Keyword: asap cair, puyuh, stres oksidatif, tempurung kelapa

Judul: Giving of Coconut Shell Liquid Smoke to Quail on Performance and Physical Quality of the Eggs Produced
Abstrak: Suhu Indonesia berada di atas zona nyaman puyuh sehingga puyuh akan mengalami stres oksidatif. Stres oksidatif dapat diatasi dengan pemberian antioksidan melalui asap cair tempurung kelapa untuk menangkap radikal bebas karena mengandung senyawa fenol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pemberian asap cair tempurung kelapa pada puyuh terhadap performa dan kualitas fisik telur yang dihasilkan. Peubah yang diamati meliputi konsumsi pakan, konsumsi air minum, produksi telur, bobot telur, konversi pakan, mortalitas, tebal kerabang dan nilai haugh unit (HU). Taraf perlakuan diberikan (P0, P1, P2, P3, dan P4) melalui air minum berturut-turut 0,00; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75; dan 1,00 mL asap cair per satu liter air minum. Puyuh yang diberikan asap cair menghasilkan performa yang lebih baik dari yang tidak diberikan asap cair. Pemberian asap cair level 0,25 mL menghasilkan puyuh dengan konversi pakan dan tebal kerabang paling baik., Indonesia's temperature is above the quail's comfort zone, which can cause heat stress. Heat stress can be treated by giving antioxidants from coconut shell liquid smoke to capture free radicals because it contains phenolic compounds. This study aims to analyze the impact of giving coconut shell liquid smoke to quail on the performance and physical quality of the eggs produced. Variables observed include feed consumption, drinking water consumption, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion, mortality, shell thickness, and haugh unit (HU) values. Treatments were given (P0, P1, P2, P3, and P4) through drinking water with 0,00, 0,25, 0,50, 0,75, and 1,00 mL of liquid smoke per liter of drinking water. Quail given liquid smoke performed better than those not given liquid smoke. Giving liquid smoke at a level of 0,25 mL produced quail with the best feed conversion and shell thickness.
Keyword: Egg Quality, Liquid Smoke, Production Performance

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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