Judul: Pengaruh pemakaian anestetikum kloroform dan kombinasi antara kloroform dengan xylazine terhadap frekuensi nadi, frekuensi nafas dan temperatur tubuh pada operasi kastrasi kucing jantan lokal
Abstrak: Mahalnya harga zat anestetikum akhir-akhir ini menyebabkan biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk operasi juga turut menjadi mahal. Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menekan biaya operasi adalah dengan mempergunakan anestetikum yang murah tetapi potensial. Salah satu zat anestetikum yang murah tetapi potensial adalah kloroform, akan tetapi dari hasil catatan atau literatur kloroform dianggap sebagai zat anestetikum yang berbahaya karena mempunyai sifat-sifat yang toksik. Oleh karena itu pada penelitian ini dilakukan operasi dengan mempergunakan anestetikum kloroform dan kombinasi antara kloroform dengan xylazine (preanestetikum), dengan harapan untuk memperpanjang durasi anestesi dan memperkecil efek samping kloroform.
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Judul: Pengaruh anestesi per-injeksi dan anestesi per-inhalasi selama kastrasi terhadap nilai saturan oksigen dan beberapa nilai fisiologis pada kucing lokal, Felis domestica
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh anestesi per-injeksi dan per- inhalasi selama kastrasi pada kucing lokal (Felis domestica) terhadap nilai saturasi oksigen, frekuensi jantung, frekuensi respirasi dan temperatur tubuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua belas ekor kucing lokal (Felis domestica) yang dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok pertama mendapat perlakuan anestesi per-injeksi dengan kombinasi xylazin dan ketamin. Sedangkan kelompok kedua mendapat perlakuan anestesi per-inhalasi dengan kombinasi ketamin dan acepromazin kemudian diberi oksigen sebagai pelarut dari isofluran menggunakan masker. Pengamatan diawali saat kucing mulai teranestesi dengan interval pengamatan setiap 15 menit selama 45 menit. Parameter yang diukur adalah kadar oksigen yang terikat pada hemoglobin (saturasi) dan beberapa nilai fisiologis lainnya yaitu frekuensi jantung, frekuensi respirasi dan temperatur tubuh dalam kondisi normal dan perbandingan hasilnya antara anestesi per-injeksi dan per-inhalasi. Hasil yang didapat dengan pengujian statistik menggambarkan bahwa nilai saturasi oksigen selama anestesi per-injeksi dan anestesi per-inhalasi tidak berbeda nyata dengan tingkat kepercayaan 95% (>0,05) sedangkan hasil yang didapat dengan uji korelasi untuk parameter fisiologis yang paling berpengaruh adalah frekuensi respirasi (r-1). Nilai saturasi oksigen dengan menggunakan anestesi per-inhalasi memberikan gambaran yang relatif stabil dari awal operasi hingga operasi berakhir dibandingkan dengan anestesi per-injeksi, dengan penggunaan anestesi per-inhalasi keadaan fisiologis selama kastrasi dapat dipertahankan sehingga tidak mencapai tahap yang kritis dan membahayakan.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite