Judul: Pangan yang Terbuang pada Tingkat Rumahtangga dengan Status Sosial Ekonomi yang Berbeda (Kasus di Kotamadya Palembang, Sumatera Selatan)
Abstrak: Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pangan yang terbuang ("waste"), termasuk jenis pangan dan banyaknya di kalangan rumah tangga dengan status sosial ekonomi yang berbeda. Adapun tujuan khusus adalah mempelajari pengeluaran pangan dan non pangan, kebiasaan makan, keragaman pangan yang dipilih dan dikonsumsi, perbedaan jenis, jumlah "waste", tingkat "refuse", tingkat "edible waste", penanganan pangan, dan alasan adanya "waste" pangan di rumahtangga dengan status sosial ekonomi yang berbeda.
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Judul: Analisis Tindakan Pengelola Pangan Rumah Tangga dalam Memproduksi Limbah Pangan (Kasus: Desa Tapos 1, Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat).
Abstrak: Di Indonesia, tercatat sejumlah 13 juta ton makanan terbuang setiap hari, setara dengan pangan bagi 11 persen populasi penduduknya. Kementerian Lingkungan Hidup dan Kehutanan mencatat 44.5 persen dari total sampah di negara ini adalah limbah rumah tangga yang 58 persen darinya adalah limbah pangan. Kenyataan ini menjadi masalah mengingat 69 persen rumah tangga miskin di daerah pedesaan masih rawan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi produksi limbah pangan rumah tangga dan kaitannya dengan tindakan pengelola pangan serta karakteristik sosial rumah tangganya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dengan mengambil sampel 60 orang pengelola pangan rumah tangga di Desa Tapos 1, Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Jawa Barat. Data kuantitatif didukung data kualitatif yang terkumpul diolah dengan Statistical for Social Science 22.0 for Windows. Hubungan antar variabel dianalisis dengan uji tabulasi silang (crosstab). Hasil dari penelitian ini menemukan adanya hubungan positif antara tindakan perencanaan dan pengelolaan persediaan pangan dengan produksi limbah pangan rumah tangga. Hubungan juga ditemukan pada jumlah anggota rumah tangga dengan tindakan pengelola pangan rumah tangga terkait perencanaan, belanja, dan pengelolaan persediaan pangan.
Keyword: limbah pangan, pelaku pangan, rumah tangga, tindakan

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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