Judul: nalisis Interaksi Molekuler Fullerenes C20, C60, Dan C70 Dengan Enzim Glucose Oxidase Untuk Elektroda Biosensor
Abstrak: Biosensor merupakan piranti pengukuran yang menggunakan biomakromolekul sebagai reseptor. Nanomaterial merupakan komponen yang ideal untuk pembuatan sensor salah satunya ialah fulerena. Nanomaterial dapat digunakan sebagai media immobilisasi bagi reseptor seperti enzim. Untuk melihat ikatan immobilisasi pada ligan-protein dilakukan metode Molecular Docking. Hasil dari MD didapatkan nilai energi ikat terbaik dari masing-masing ligan sebesar -8.3 Kkal·mol-1 pada C20, -10.4 Kkal·mol-1 pada C60, -11.2 Kkal·mol-1 pada C70. Faktor lain yang mempengaruhi kemampuan ligan sebagai immobilizator ialah penempatan ligan yang tidak mengenai situs aktif. Pada penelitian C20 memiliki peluang 85%, C60 dan C70 memiliki peluang 100% untuk tidak mengenai situs aktif. Ukuran dari ligan menjadi salah satu faktor karena enzim GOx memiliki situs aktif yang cukup dalam dan sempit. Situs aktif dari enzim GOx ialah Glu-412, His-516, His-559.
Keyword: biosensor, energi ikat, fullerene, immobilizator, penambatan

Judul: Biosensor based on immobilized glucose oxidase on chitosan nanoparticles in modified carbon pasta electrode by polyaniline nanofibers as biosensor applications.
Abstrak: Biosensor berbasis glukosa oksidase dikembangkan untuk mendeteksi glukosa secara lebih tepat, cepat, dan sensitif. Pengembangan biosensor yang dilakukan memanfaatkan enzim glukosa oksidase teramobil pada nanopartikel kitosan dalam elektroda pasta karbon termodifikasi. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan kondisi optimum untuk menghasilkan nanopartikel kitosan dan mengetahui karakteristik glukosa oksidase/elektroda pasta karbon termodifikasi. Hasil uji menunjukan kondisi optimum untuk membuat nanopartikel kitosan, yaitu pada volume 300 mL dan waktu sonikasi 10 menit. Penambahan polianilin pada glukosa oksidase/elektroda pasta karbon termodifikasi dapat meningkatkan arus. Glukosa oksidase/elektroda pasta karbon termodifikasi memiliki kondisi optimum pada pH 5.0 dan konsentrasi glukosa sebesar 20 mM. Daerah linier berada pada 0.6-1.8 mM dan nilai sensitivitas elektroda sebesar 0.20 mA/mM. Nilai Km dan Imaks pada sebesar 1.934 mM dan0.937 mA ditentukan dengan metode Lineweaver-Burk. Hasil penelitian ini akan digunakan selanjutnya untuk pengembangan biosensor glukosa., Biosensor based on glucose oxidase enzyme has been developed to detect glucose levels more precise, rapid, and sensivity. The development of biosensor was used glucose oxidase immobilized on chitosan nanoparticles in modified carbon paste electrode. The purpose of this study were to determine the optimum condition in order to produce chitosan nanoparticles and to obtain characteristic of glucose oxidase/modified carbon pasta electrode. The result showed that optimum conditions were obtained to make chitosan nanoparticles with 300 mL of volume and 10 minutes of ultrasonication time. The addition of polyaniline on glucose oxidase/modified carbon pasta electrode increased the current. Glucose oxidase/modified carbon pasta electrode had optimum conditions at pH 5.0 and glucose concentration was 20 mM. Linier range was 0.6-1.8 mM dan sensitivity value of electrode was 0.20 mA/mM. Km and Imax value were 1.934 mM was 0.937 mA determined by Lineweaver-Burk method. These result will be further used for development of glucose biosensor. Key words: glucose biosensor, glucose oxidase, chitosan nanoparticles, polyaniline.
Keyword: biosensor glukosa, glukosa oksidase, nanopartikel kitosan, polianilin

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: