Judul: Evaluation of the use of chicken pituitary extract on growth performance and gonadosomatic index of giant gourami (Osphronemus goramy)
Abstrak: Ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan perikanan budidaya yang dikenal mempunyai laju pertumbuhan yang lambat. Proses kematangan gonad ikan ini juga membutuhkan waktu yang lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan ekstrak kelenjar hipofisa ayam broiler terhadap performa pertumbuhan dan indeks gonadosomatik ikan gurami. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut berdasarkan ukuran, yakni berukuran kecil K (10.3 ± 2.20 g) dan besar B (23 ± 3.88 g), serta injeksi hormon pertumbuhan rekombinan (RGH) dan ekstrak hipofisa ayam broiler (EHA). Perlakuannya adalah kontrol ikan K tanpa injeksi (K-KTR), ikan K diberi injeksi RGH 1 μg g-1 bobot ikan (K-RGH), ikan K diinjeksi dengan EHA 250 mg kg-1 bobot ikan (K-EHA), kontrol ikan B tanpa injeksi (B-KTR), ikan B dinjeksi RGH 1 μg g-1 bobot ikan (BRGH) dan ikan B diinjeksi EHA 250 mg.kg-1 bobot ikan (B-EHA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan performa pertumbuhan (rerata bobot dan biomassa) terbaik diperoleh pada perlakuan B-RGH dan B-EHA. Hasil ini sejalan dengan ekspresi gen insulinelike growth factor 1 yang lebih tinggi (P<0.05) pada jam ke-4 pasca pemberian pakan. Injeksi RGH dan EHA cenderung meningkatkan nilai HSI dan VSI pada ikan ukuran besar. Indeks gonadosomatik tertinggi ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan BEHA. Injeksi EHA menunjukkan pengaruh positif pada performa pertumbuhan dan indeks somatik ikan dengan ukuran besar, Giant gourami was one of the competitive commodities in fisheries culture which known has a slowly growth rate. Gonadal development also needs a long rearing time. This study aims to evaluate the use of chicken pituitary gland extract on growth and gonadosomatic index of giant gourami. The study was designed using completely randomized design consisted of 6 treatments and 3 replications. The treatment based on size, which is small or K (10.3 ± 2.20) and big or B (23 ± 3.88 g), also an injection of recombinant growth hormone (RGH) and chicken pituitary gland extract (EHA). The treatment consisted of control without injection in small size (K-KTR), size K with injected 1 μg g-1 RGH per g fish body (K-RGH), size K with injected 250 mg kg-1 pituitary extract per g fish body (K-EHA), size B without injection (B-KTR), size B with injected 1 μg g-1 RGH per g fish body (BRGH), size B with injected 250 mg kg-1 pituitary extract per g fish body (B-EHA). The result of this study indicated that best growth performance (weight average and biomass) was at B-RGH and B-EHA. This result was consistent with insulin- like growth factor 1 expression which higher at the 4th hour after feeding. Pituitary gland extract and recombinant growth hormone injection can increase hepatosomatic index and visceral somatic index in B fish group size. The highest gonadosomatic index was shown by B-EHA. The pituitary gland extract injection indicated a positive effect on growth and somatic index of giant gourami size B
Keyword: chicken pituitary, giant gourami, growth, reproduction, chicken pituitary, giant gourami, growth, reproduction

Judul: Kinerja Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Gurame yang Diberi Perendaman Hormon Pertumbuhan Rekombinan dengan Masa Pemeliharaan Berbeda di Akuarium.
Abstrak: Slow growth of giant gourami became the main problem in cultivation of this commodity. Long rearing period surely would increase the risk and cost of production. Therefore, a technology is required to enhance growth rate of giant gourami. The aims of this experiment were to analyse growth performance of giant gourami to the recombinant giant gourami growth hormone (rOgGH) immersion at a dose of 120 mg/L for 60 minutes at juvenile stage and to evaluate the proper aquarium-rearing period. After immersed, fish were reared in aquarium for 2 weeks, 3 weeks and 4 weeks before moved to fish pond (aquarium-rearing period became the second factor on this experiment, in term to design a proper method to apply this technology). There were 3 replications for every treatment. RT-PCR analysis showed that IGF-I mRNA expression level increased just after rOgGH immersion about 208,3% compared with control. However, lipase analysis showed no differences between treated fish and control fish that is 0,055 unit/minute.g body weight and 0,053 unit/minute.g body weight for each group. Furthermore, treatment of rOgGH also altered the utilization of dietary and stored lipid, protein and carbohydrates. The results showed significant differences (P<0,05) for nutrient retention between treated fish and control fish. Fish that immersed by rOgGH had higher fat retention (15,92±0,37%) if compared with the control BSA fish (6,52±0,38%). Immersion treatment with rOgGH also had a higher protein retention that was 23,58±2,33% compared with BSA control fish 19,75±1,00%. Immersion treatment with rOgGH had a lower carbohydrate retention that was 2,86±0,21% if compared with BSA control 10,63±0,92%. Observation to feed efficiency value showed that immersion in rOgGH had no statistically significant affect (P>0,05) compared with BSA control for 3 types of feed. For tubifex worms, the feed efficiency value that reached was 14,8±5,6% (rOgGH) and 12,7±5,0% (BSA). So that crumble feed, 51,6±17,8% (rOgGH) and 41,9±13,6% (BSA), for small feed (2mm) 66,8±9,0% (rOgGH) and 54,8±10,0% (BSA). Treatment that gave a significant affect was aquarium-rearing period, it showed that fish which reared in aquarium for 2 weeks had a higher feed efficiency value for tubivex worm and crumble feed that were ,7±2,8% and 60,5±7% if compared with fish which reared in aquarium for 3 and 4 weeks with efficiency value for each were 15,6±2,1% and 7,9±4,4% for tubifex worms and 30,7±5,0% and 49,0±16,5% for crumble feed. Growth acceleration were expected in this immersion treatment, but results showed that there were no differences between rOgGH treated fish and BSA control fish (8,7±0,3% and 8,4±0,3%). Aquarium-rearing period seemed to be the effecting-factor which gave significant affect (P<0,05) to fish growth, it showed that fish that reared in aquarium for 2 weeks had a faster growth that was 8,7±0,2% if compared with fish that reared in aquarium for 3 and 4 weeks (8,3±0,1% and 8,6±0,5% for each group). Results also showed that immersion in rOgGH had no significant affect (P>0,05) if compared with BSA control for survival rate (58,9±17,9% and 57,9±14,6% for each group). Aquarium-rearing period seemed to have significant affect (P<0,05) for survival rate which fish that reared in aquarium for 2 weeks had a higher survival
Keyword: recombinant growth hormone, immersion, rearing period, growth, metabolic pathways, giant gourami

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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