Judul: Komposisi Nutrien dan Fermentabilitas Silase Ransum Komplit Berbasis Ampas Kelapa Parut secara In Vitro.
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan ampas kelapa sampai saat ini masih terbatas dan hanya berakhir menjadi limbah tanpa adanya penanganan lebih lanjut. Ampas kelapa dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif pakan karena memiliki kandungan nutrien yang seimbang yang diperlukan oleh ternak ruminansia. Namun, ampas kelapa masih memiliki kandungan lemak tinggi yang dapat menyebakan ketengikan sehingga perlu dilakukan penanganan lebih lanjut yaitu dengan proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui komposisi nutrien dan fermentabilitas silase ransum komplit berbasis ampas kelapa secara in vitro. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan penelitian terdiri atas R1 = 16% dedak, R2 = 16% ampas kelapa, R3 = 8% dedak : 8% ampas kelapa, R4 = 8% dedak : 5.6% ampas kelapa : 2.4% tepung gaplek, R5 = 5.6% dedak : 8% ampas kelapa : 2.4% tepung gaplek. Peubah yang diamati komposisi kimia pakan, nilai pH, produksi dan kinetika produksi gas, konsentrasi amonia, dan VFA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan silase ransum komplit berbasis ampas kelapa tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap produksi dan kinetika gas. Pergerakan gas terus meningkat selama 24 jam dan mulai terlihat linier pada 48 jam. Konsentrasi amonia yang dihasilkan terbilang sedikit berkisar antara 0.35 mg 100mL-1 – 29.48 mg 100mL-1 dibandingkan dengan standarnya yaitu berkisar 85 – 300 mg 100mL- 1. Konsentrasi VFA total berkisar antar 94,02 mM – 121,68 mM memenuhi standar dari kebutuhan seekor ternak ruminansia. Formulasi yang paling optimal terdapat pada perlakuan R3.
Keyword: ampas kelapa parut, fermentabilitas, in vitro, silase

Judul: Evaluasi Manfaat Suplementasi Ampas Mengkudu dalam Konsentrat Ransum Kambing Perah Laktasi terhadap Fermentabilitas secara In Vitro.
Abstrak: Analisis in vitro suplementasi ampas buah mengkudu dalam ransum kambing perah dilakukan guna mengetahui pengaruh yang diberikan terhadap fermentabilitas yang terdiri atas kecernaan, produksi volatile fatty acid total dan ammonia, sintesis protein mikroba serta degradasi bahan kering dan bahan organik. Terdapat empat level suplementasi, yaitu 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15% dalam susunan formulasi ransum R0 sampai R3, sedangkan R4 dilakukan penambahan 15% ampas mengkudu yang disertai dengan penambahan 15% Indigofera dalam hijauan. Ransum diinkubasi bersama dengan cairan rumen kambing perah yang diperoleh dari rumah potong kambing perah di daerah Sentul, Bogor, Indonesia. Suplementasi ampas mengkudu tidak menunjukan pengaruh signifikan terhadap pH, sintesis protein mikroba dan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik (P>0.05). Produksi volatile fatty acid total dan amonia secara signifikan seiring meningkat seiring penambahan level suplementasi (P<0.05). Degradasi bahan kering dan bahan organik dianalisis pada waktu inkubasi 0, 2, 4, 8, 12, 24 dan 48 jam dengan hasil yang menunjukan bahwa waktu optimal fermentasi terjadi saat 4 jam waktu inkubasi dan mengalami penurunan pada 8 jam waktu inkubasi tetapi secara bertahap mengalami peningkatan kembali setelahnya untuk semua perlakuan. Level optimum ditunjukan pada 15% level suplementasi ampas mengkudu. Penggunaan ransum dengan penambahan 15% ampas mengkudu yang diiringi 15% Indigofera dalam R4 menunjukan nilai fermentabilitas yang terbaik.
Keyword: Kambing perah, ampas mengkudu, in vitro, fermentabilitas

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite