Judul: Analisis Efisiensi Perbankan Sebelum dan Setelah Dilakukan Merger
Abstrak: Pada tahun 2006, Bank Indonesia menerbitkan peraturan mengenai Kepemilikan Tunggal yang dikenal dengan nama Single Presence Policy (SPP). Tujuan utama dari Peraturan Bank Indonesia (PBI) ini adalah untuk mewujudkan struktur perbankan Indonesia yang sehat dan kuat, hal ini juga disebutkan pada Arsitektur Perbankan Indonesia (API) Pilar 1. Proses konsolidasi perbankan yang perlu dilakukan untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Salah satu proses konsolidasi yang dirasa perlu dilakukan adalah penataan kembali struktur kepemilikan Perbankan melalui penerapan kebijakan kepemilikan tunggal. Penelitian ini ingin mengukur dampak dari konsolidasi melalui merger yang dilakukan oleh bank-bank yang masuk kedalam ketegori SPP dari sisi efisiensi. Metode yang digunakan adalah Two-Stage Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) dengan regresi Tobit. Kerangka waktu untuk penelitian ini adalah dua belas triwulan sebelum dan setelah dimulainya merger dan/atau akuisisi. Variabel input-output yang digunakan untuk DEA adalah dana pihak ketiga, aset tetap, dan Non-Interest Expense sebagai input dan total pinjaman serta Other Operating Income sebagai output. DEA menghasilkan bahwa skor efisiensi pada pasca-merger relatif lebih efisien daripada pra-merger. Model regresi Tobit digunakan untuk menentukan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi efisiensi bank dan kami mencatat untuk pra-merger bahwa bank size (TA), ROA dan NPL berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efisiensi bank. Namun untuk pasca-merger, bank size (TA), CAR dan ROA berpengaruh signifikan terhadap efisiensi bank.
Keyword: data envelopment analysis, efisiensi, merger, regresi tobit, single presence policy

Judul: Efisiensi Bank-bank Merger dan Akuisisi di Indonesia
Abstrak: The existence of API policy that requires each bank in Indonesia to have core capital at least 100 billion rupiah, causes banks to reform its capital structure either by merger or by acquisition. Bank's performance indicators show that the post-merger and post-acquisition banks are relatively low BOPO and higher CER together with low NPL reflecting that bank operate under good banking practice. However, to investigate whether the efficiency in term of cost-efficiency and profit-efficiency, this study employe SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis). Based on the RSCE (Ray Scale elasticity) also performed the economic condition of post-merger and post-acquisition banks. The results of SFA show that from 19 banks, Bank of Tokyo has the highest efficiency, followed by Bank HSBC and Bank Mizuho (from the cost-efficiency point of view) when using the alternative profit efficiency, Bank BRI shows the highest score of its efficiency. The results of economics scale calculation show that the post-merger and post-acquisition banks in Indonesia are at the state of increasing return to scale or decreasing cost. Bank merger and acquisition with asset of 10 triliun and 50 trilion prove a relative higher score of efficiency compared with other banks in peergroup. In contrast, cost-efficiency among peer group banks with assets more than 50 trillion indicates that most of the post-merger and post-acquisition banks have lower efficiency scores than non-merger or non-acquisition banks.
Keyword: 

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
Keyword: