Judul: Performa dan Analisis Ekonomi Broiler yang Diberi Ransum Sumber Pati atau Lemak Tinggi sebagai Sumber Energi serta Suplementasi Vitamin E dan C
Abstrak: Environmental temperature in Indonesia is high enough to let heat stress in broiler chicken. This heat stress may cause oxidative stress, decrease feed consumption and production. Vitamin E and C are usually used as anti heat-stress agent while carbohydrate and lipid are used as energy source. The purpose of this research was to find out the influence of supplementation of vitamin E and C through drinking water on broiler performance fed carbohydrate or lipid as energy source. The dose of vitamin E and C given was 1 g/L drinking water. This research used 160 Ross broiler chickens. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments (R1: carbohydrate based diet, R2: lipid based diet, R3: R1+ vitamin E and C supplementation, and R4: R2+vitamin E and C supplementation) and four replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Variables measured were feed consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion, mortality, and income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC). The results indicated that carbohydrate or lipid based diet and supplementation of vitamin E and C did not influence the feed consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, and mortality. However the lipid based diet supplemented with vitamin E and C improved feed efficiency. The feed conversion of R4 was 1.46. The IOFCC of R4 was the highest. The conclusion of this research was lipid based diet supplemented with vitamin E and C resulted the best performances and had the highest profit.
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Judul: Metabolisme lemak ayam broiler yang diberi pakan berbasis karbohidrat atau lemak yang disuplementasi vitamin E dan vitamin C melalui air minum.
Abstrak: Indonesia as a tropical country potentially lead to a less comfortable conditions for the production of broiler chickens. Stress conditions can stimulate cell membrane and tissue damage, so it can give a negative impact on the chickens, for example the liver. It is necessary to neutralize (antioxidants) lipid peroxidation and detoxification of toxic metabolic products in an effort to maintain or increase fat metabolism in the liver. Objectives of thus research were to evaluate the vitamin E and C supplementation through drinking water to overcome the existence of free radicals and lipid metabolism in the body. Research used the 160 male Ross broiler strain with weight of 38 ± 2 g with a brand CP 707 (Ross strain). For the first week, the broiler chickens were fed a commercial starter of PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, then followed by two types feed namely carbohydrate-based (PC) and fat-based (PL) rations, depend of fat level content in the feed. Vitamin C was given at 60 mg/l of drinking water and vitamin E at 8 mg/l of drinking water of PT Trouw Nutrition Indonesia. Data collection were done for 21 days after the age of 8-28 days with 4 combination treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chickens per replicate. Research using factorial completely randomized design (CRD factorial). The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by orthogonal contrast test. The data obtained were tested using the General Linear Model procedure using SAS software version 9.1. Some aspects analyzed are the malonaldehid (MDA), blood profile, blood chemistry, apparent metabolize energy, nitrogen retention, fat retention and broiler performance. The results showed that blood profile, blood chemistry, malonaldehid (MDA), relative liver weights and body weight gain were not affected (P > 0.05) due to the treatments. On the other hand total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05) were significantly affected by the treatments. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio significantly different (P < 0.01) caused by interaction of vitamin supplementation through drinking water with fat based rations. In conclusion , fat based rations is more profitable (IOFC) and improve feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens during heat stress when supplemented with vitamin E and vitamin C through drinking
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Bazzania (Marchantiophyta: Lepidoziaceae) di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser, Aceh Tenggara, Sumatra.
Abstrak: Bazzania merupakan marga besar dari lumut hati berdaun, banyak jenis-jenis dari marga ini yang persebarannya berada di hutan tropis. Keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan Bazzania meningkat pada hutan hujan pegunungan yang sering berkabut serta berkelembaban tinggi sehingga hutan ini disebut sebagai “hutan lumut”. Marga ini memiliki karakter diagnostik yakni percabangan membentuk pola “Y”, terdapat flagel dan daun tersusun secara incubous. Laporan tentang persebaran Bazzania di Sumatra belum mencakup semua kawasan hutan pegunungan yang ada di Sumatra, termasuk Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL). Taman nasional ini merupakan laboratorium alam yang berorientasi pada perlindungan bagi pelbagai jenis tumbuhan termasuk Bazzania. Oleh karena itu penelitian floristik ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi keanekaragaman Bazzania TNGL sebagai upaya pelengkapan daftar jenis Bazzania Sumatra. Eksplorasi spesimen Bazzania dilakukan di sepanjang jalur pendakian di TNGL (1417-2900 m dpl), dimulai dari Rainforest Lodge Kedah sampai Camp Alas. Koleksi spesimen herbarium disimpan di Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). Informasi karakter morfologi yang diamati selanjutnya digunakan dalam menyusun kunci identifikasi dan mempertelakan jenis Bazzania yang terdokumentasi di TNGL. Sebanyak 13 jenis Bazzania ditemukan di TNGL, umumnya tumbuh pada substrat batang pohon, kayu lapuk, dan ranting. Marga Bazzania memiliki variasi struktur umum gametofit yaitu tipe perawakan (kekar, ramping); bentuk pertumbuhan (merayap, mendongak, menggantung); bentuk koloni (mengeset tebal, mengeset tipis), orientasi daun lateral (tersebar mendatar ketika segar maupun kering, tersebar mendatar ketika segar tetapi tergulung masuk ketika kering), susunan daun ventral (menyirap rapat, berjarak renggang). Daun lateral memiliki variasi pada karakter bentuk, ujung, tepi, pangkal daun; kehadiran struktur tambahan seperti cuping di bagian pangkal daun; keberadaan vitta, bentuk sel pada lembaran daun, dan keberadaan trigon. Daun lateral berbentuk asimetris menyegitiga, membundar, membundar telur hingga melancor-melidah; ujung daun bergigi 2-4 dengan torehan dangkal sampai dalam, atau tidak beraturan; tepi mengombak halus, bergigi halus, bergerigi; pangkal bagian dorsal menjantung, membundar dengan tambahan seperti cuping; pangkal bagian ventral lurus, membundar; vita ada atau absen; sel berbentuk isodiametris, persegi, linear; trigon kecil, besar; kutikula halus, berbingkahan. Daun ventral memiliki variasi pada karakter bentuk, tepi, ujung, dan pangkal daun, serta kehadiran bagian daun yang hialin. Daun ventral berbentuk persegi empat, persegi empat memanjang, membundar, membundar telur, menyegitiga, mengginjal; ujung berjelabir, bergerigi, bergigi, rata; tepi mengombak sederhana, bergigi, bergerigi, bercuping dangkal, bercuping dalam; pangkal bebas, atau satu atau kedua sisinya melekat pada daun lateral; hialin absen, semua bagian daun ventral tersusun sel hialin, tidak semua bagian semua bagian daun ventral berhialin. Terdapat 5 jenis Bazzania diketahui sebagai rekaman baru untuk Sumatra yaitu Bazzania horridula, B. adnexa, B. angustifolia, B. fauriana, dan B. oshimensis; empat jenis terakhir juga merupakan rekaman baru untuk Malesia. Bazzania horridula telah dilaporkan ada di Jawa. Persebaran B. adnexa sebelumnya hanya dilaporkan di Australiasia dan China Selatan. Bazzania angustifolia, dan B. fauriana dilaporkan ada di Jepang, Vietnam Utara, Taiwan. Persebaran B. oshimensis meliputi wilayah Asia dan Indo-China (Vietnam, Thailand, Burma, Formosa, Ceylon, India dan Jepang). Kelima jenis tersebut menambah jumlah jenis Bazzania Sumatra yang sebelumnya dilaporkan sebanyak 38 jenis, sekarang menjadi 43 jenis.
Keyword: Bazzania, bryophyta, Gunung Leuser-Aceh, Lepidoziaceae, lumut hati