Judul: Uji Korelasi Konsentrasi Hara N, P, dan K Daun dengan Produksi Senyawa Bioaktif Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) Akibat Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Ayam
Abstrak: Orange jessamine has long been known as one of the plant containing secondary metabolite that is beneficial to human health due to its role as medicine. It contains secondary metabolite that is beneficial to human health such as lowering blood cholesterol levels, anti-obesity, and has the antioxidant capacity. Nutrient content related to production of biomass and bioactive compounds of M. paniculata optimization can be determined with correlation of leaf N, P and K concentrations through leaf tissue analysis. Persumably, there were differences in the N, P and K concentration in different positions and ages of leaves with chicken manure application. This research aimed to determine the optimum rate of chicken manure for the production of biomass and bioactive compounds and leaf N, P and K concentrations at different position of the leaves. Another purpose of this study was to obtain the correlation between leaf N, P and K concentration with bioactive compounds due to the application of chicken manure. The experiment was conducted on March to November 2014, at IPB Organic Experimental Station at Cikarawang which geographically located between 6o30' - 6o45' South Latitude and 106o30'-106o45' East Longitude, at 250 m above sea level in Bogor, Indonesia. The study used randomize complete block design with chicken manure rates as treatment, i.e. 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg per plant. Chicken manure was given at 30 months after planting (MAP). Plants were harvested twice (34 and 38 MAP) by keeping the plant height 75 cm above the soil surface. The results showed that the optimum rate of chicken manure to produce maximum weight of fresh and dry leaves at 34 MAP was 3.1 kg and 6.5 kg per plant, respectively. The chicken manure applied was sufficient for leaf production at first harvest (34 MAP) but insufficient for the second harvest (38 MAP). N concentration at young leaves and mature leaves and different positions did not significantly correlated with biomass and metabolites production at 34 and 38 MAP (P>0.05). K concentration of leaves at different positions in the plant and leaf age positively correlated with leaf dry weight (P <0.01), but negatively correlated with total flavonoid content (P <0.01). P concentration was negatively correlated with dry weight of young leaves on the fifth position, or mature leaves from all positions. Leaf N concentration was categorized very low (2.00-2.19%), low (2.21-2.33%) and optimum (2.40-2.52%). Leaf P concentration was high (0.26-0.29%) to very high (0.30-0.35%), whereas leaf K concentration was categorized high (1.33-1.84%) and very high (3.55-4.10%). Mature leaves of the fifth position determinate the orange jessamine plant K requirements at 34 MAP.
Keyword: antioxidant, leaf position, organic fertilizer, plant nutrient

Judul: Effect of Chicken Manure Application Proportion on Production and Terpenoid Levels of Bitter Melon (Momordica Charantia) Opal F1 Variety
Abstrak: Paria memiliki rasa pahit dan memiliki banyak metabolit sekunder. Paria mengandung salah satu terpenoid yang bermanfaat sebagai antibakteri, anti radang, antivirus, antifungi, dan insektisida nabati. Pupuk organik digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi buah dan kadar terpenoid pada budidaya organik. Pemenuhan kebutuhan hara pada fase vegetatif dan generatif tanaman, diperlukan proporsi pemberian pupuk dasar dan susulan tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan proporsi terbaik pupuk kandang ayam dalam dua kali aplikasi terhadap produksi buah dan kadar terpenoid buah paria varietas Opal F1. Percobaan dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2023–Mei 2024 di Kebun Percobaan Cikarawang, Bogor, Indonesia (6°32'59.0"LS 106°43'42.9"BT). Analisis terpenoid dilakukan di Laboratorium Pusat Studi Biofarmaka Tropika, IPB. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT), 3 ulangan dengan 4 taraf perlakuan, yaitu tanpa penambahan pupuk kandang (kontrol), aplikasi pupuk kandang 100% sebelum tanam, aplikasi pupuk kandang 50 sebelum tanam dan 50% setelah tanam, aplikasi pupuk kandang 70% sebelum tanam dan 30% setelah tanam. Dosis pupuk kandang ayam yang diberikan ke lahan sebesar 30 ton ha-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan pupuk organik dapat meningkatkan jumlah daun, tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, bobot basah dan bobot kering brangkasan dan luas daun. Pemberian pupuk kandang ayam meningkatkan bobot per buah, panjang buah, diameter tengah buah, ketebalan daging buah, edible portion, jumlah buah layak panen per tanaman, jumlah buah layak panen per plot, produktivitas per plot, serta produktivitas ha-1 dibandingkan tanpa pupuk organik. Nilai produktivitas ha-1 dan jumlah buah pertanaman tertinggi pada proporsi pemupukan 70%:30% dengan 24,26 ton ha-1 dan 3,9 buah layak panen per tanaman. Kadar terpenoid antar perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata dan berada pada kisaran 1,82–2,03 mg NE g-1 simplisia dengan nilai terendah pada kontrol, sedangkan produksi terpenoid pada kisaran 160,4–583,3 mg NE 2,25 m-2 dengan nilai terendah pada kontrol., Bitter melon has a bitter taste and has many secondary metabolites. Thefruit of bitter melon contains terpenoid compounds that are useful as anantibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, anti-fungal and vegetable insecticide.Organic fertilizer is used to increase fruit production and terpenoid levels withorganic cultivation. To fulfill the nutrien demand during the vegetative andgenerative phases of plants, the correct proportion of basic and subsequentfertilizer applications is necessary. This research aims to determine the bestproportion of chicken manure in two applications on fruit production and theterpenoid content of bitter melon fruit Opal F1 variety. The experiment was carriedin December 2023–May 2024 at the Cikarawang experimental Field of IPBUniversity Bogor, Indonesia located at 6°32'59.0"S 106°43'42.9"E. The terpenoidanalysis was conducted at the Tropical Biopharmaca Research Center Laboratory,IPB. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCBD), 3replications with 4 treatments levels namely without adding manure (control),100% manure application before planting, 50% manure application beforeplanting and 50% after planting, 70% manure application before planting and 30%after planting. The dose of chicken manure 30 tons ha-1. The research resultsshowed that the addition of chicken manure could increase the leaf numbers, plantheight, branch numbers, fresh weight and dry weight of stover and leaf area. Theapplication of chicken manure increases fresh weight per fruit, fruit length, middleand tip diameter of fruit, thickness of fruit flesh, edible portion, number ofharvestable fruit per plant, number of harvestable fruit per plot, yield
Keyword: organic fertilizer, edible portion, organic cultivation, productivity

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix