Judul: Evaluasi Akurasi Klasifikasi Penutupan Lahan Menggunakan Citra Alos Palsar Resolusi Rendah Studi Kasus Di Pulau Kalimantan
Abstrak: A wide variety of data and information on forest cover in Indonesia may be due to the variety of source of data, date of acquisition, and methods applied. For a wide area, terrestrial inventory methods are usually costly and time consuming. One alternative that may be used to minimize the cost and time is satellite based remote sensing technology. In the tropical country such Indonesia, cloud, fog, and smoke mainly limit the use of optical remote sensing during identification process and object monitoring on earth surface. Objects under the cloud, fog, and smoke could be identified using using Radar images. ALOS is remote sensing satellite which launched by Japan in 2006. One of its censor is PALSAR (Phased-Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar). PALSAR is an advanced development from SAR which carried by the former satellite JERS-1. This is the microactive wave censor which can observe day and night without weather influence. Through one observation mode that is Scan SAR, this censor can observe earth surface in wide area than the conventional SAR. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of low resolution ALOS PALSAR image to classify regional scale land cover in Kalimantan Island. ALOS PALSAR image have 200 x 200 m resolution acquired in 2007. Other supporting data used are Land Cover Map year 2003, Administration Border Map, Forest Area Map, and the Base Thematic Forestry Map. The data were analyzed using GIS 3.2 and Erdas Imagine 9.1. The method are consisted of image preprocessing, image processing, separability accuracy evaluation and spatial analysis The study shows that low resolution ALOS PALSAR image could classify land cover into six classes. There are water body, rice field, shrub/bush, estate crop, and forest. Separability analysis for these classes show that there are 2 unseparable class pairs. These classes were then reclassified into four classes. The new classes are water body, sparse vegetation, medium density vegetation, and high density vegetation. The result of separability analysis shows that the these class separabilities are good (well separated). The accuracy of the classification are 88,21% for Overall Accuracy and 85,26% for Kappa Accuracy. Based on ALOS low resolution images (200 m x 200 m spatial resolution, the acreages of each land cover are 11.459.400 hectares (21,33%) for sparse vegetation, 5.070.008 hectares (9,44%) for medium density vegetation, and 36.806.058 hectares (68,52%) for high density vegetation. While the acreages of each land cover based on Land Cover Map year 2003 are 802.233 hectares (1,51%) for sparse vegetation, 20.841.843 hectares (39,32%) for medium density vegetation, 27.583.553 hectares (52,04%) for high density vegetation and 2.457.825 hectares (4,64%) for smoke. Key words : ALOS PALSAR Image, Land cover, Separability, Radar images
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Judul: Aplikasi dan Evaluasi Citra ALOS PALSAR Resolusi 50 m, Resolusi 12,5 m, dan Resolusi 6 m untuk Identifikasi Tutupan Lahan (studi kasus di Kabupaten Humbang Hasundutan, Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara, dan Kabupaten Samosir)
Abstrak: The application of remote sensing technology for rasionalization land resources data usage has more benefit than data collecting in conventional ways. Remote sensing techniques have been used in Indonesia for forest inventory and forest resources monitoring. Indonesia‟s geographical position where is in the tropics area that has vast cloud cover limits the use of optical satellite image data. To overcome the optical satellite image weakness, active remote sensing system (radar) is currently available. One of the satellites carrying radar sensor which was launched by the Japanese government is ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Satellite) with PALSAR (Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) as its one of the sensor. This sensor is an active microwave sensor which has capability to penetrate thick cloud layer. The objective of this research is to analyze the ability of ALOS PALSAR satellite image of 50 m, 12.5 m, and 6 m resolutions on land cover classification at Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Tapanuli Regency, and Samosir Regency. The observation has delivered 16 land cover classes, which are as follow: water body, harvested rice field, cultivating rice field, just-planted rice field, bushes, coffee plantation, dry land agriculture, town settlement, village settlement, bare land, nature forest, Eucalyptus plantation year 2010, Eucalyptus plantation year 2009, Eucalyptus plantation year 2006, Eucalyptus plantation year 2007, and Eucalyptus plantation year 2008. The result of digital interpretation of the ALOS PALSAR satellite image 50 m, 12.5 m and 6 m resolutions obtained 6 classes of land cover which are as follows: water body, rice field, dry land agriculture, settlement, bare land, and tree vegetation by different value of proportion correct. ALOS PALSAR of 50 m, 12.5 m and 6 m resolutions, each has proportion correct in consequence 62.1%, 50.5% and 68,9% Visual analysis, the result of ALOS PALSAR image with resolution 50 m obtained 8 classes of land cover,which are as follows: water bodu, dry land agriculuture, settlement, harvested rice field, young forest plantation, middle-old forest plantation, nature forest, dan bare land. Whereas, accuration and separability analysis of ALOS PALSAR image of 50 m resolution has regular accuracy value 59.15% and kappa accuracy 53.48%. The result of the interpretation raising-ability analysis of ALOS PALSAR image of 12.5 m and 6 m resolutions to the ALOS PALSAR image of 50 m resolution are able to provide additional land cover classes, clarify the delineation and make easier the identification of land cover at the satellite image.
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Judul: Definisi zat besi ( Fe ) pada anak babi
Abstrak: Dalam bidang sub sektor peternakan, ternak babi mempunyai prospek yang cukup baik untuk dikembangkan dalam rangka meningkatkan eksport non migas. Namun anak-anak babi yang sedang menyusu sering mengalami defisiensi zat besi (Fe). Bila masalah ini tidak segera ditanggulangi, peternak akan mengalami kerugian. Zat besi dapat diperoleh dari makanan yang berasal dari hewan (tepung tulang, tepung ikan, tepung daging, "skimmed milk"); tumbuh-tumbuhan (leguminosae, rumput-rumputan, biji-bijian) dan mineral alam (Girindra, 1979). Dalam tubuh hewan, zat besi berperanan sebagai pembawa 02 ke seluruh jaringan, juga sebagai pembawa oksigen pernafasan di dalam sel urat daging (Underwood, 1981). Dalam duodenum dan yeyenum bagian atas, besi dalam bentuk ferro akan diserap. Penyerapan ini akan diatur berdasarkan teori "mucosal block" dari Granick. Kemudian dalam plasma darah, besi akan berikatan dengan B₁ globulin dan membentuk transferrin, yang akan segera dibawa ke seluruh jaringan. Kelebihan besi akan diikat oleh apoferritin dan membentuk ferritin yang ditimbun sebagai besi cadangan, terutama di hati. Bila kapasitas besi yang dapat disimpan sebagai ferritin telah jenuh, maka besi akan ditimbun sebagai hemosiderin. Zat besi dalam jumlah yang sedikit akan diekskresikan melalui pengelupas- an epitil, tinja, air kemih, cairan empedu, keringat. ...
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