Judul: Suksesi alami paska kebakaran pada hutan sekunder di Desa Fatuquero, Kecamatan Railaco, Kabupaten Ermera-Timor Leste
Abstrak: Forest is an invaluable natural resource because inside of forest there are biodiversity as germplasm source, forest product source like wood and non-wood, water system regulator, and flood and erosion preventive. Disturbance of forest resource is keep going on, even it intensity is increasing year to year. One of causal factors of forest damage is forest fire which is one of disturbances is increasingly happen. Negative impact is appear by forest fire is big enough include ecology damage, decreasing of biodiversity, reduced forest economic value and soil productivity, change of micro and global climate. This study is purposed to know dominant structure of type composition in natural succession formed post-fire in secondary forest. To get description of structure and composition of vegetation type grow in post-fire secondary forest, then it is made research plot using transect method or track with 100m track long and 20m width. To know stand type structure and composition is conducted vegetation analysis through Nested Sampling way in large plot containing smaller plots. Critical value of collecting result data in post-fire natural forest and un-burnt natural forest on secondary forest is processed and counted based on each exist type level. Index of critical value is determined through summation of relative density value, relative domination, and relative frequent in plant type. Based on research is related to post-fire natural succession in secondary forest shows during succession, structure of composition type dominate post-fire secondary forest is changing in every level of seedling, stake, pole, and tree growth. Species that tend to occupy post-fire natural forest in seedling and stake level is from Adina sp, Eucalyptus urophylla, species to occupy pole and tree level of Eucalyptus urophylla, Eucalyptus alba. In un-burnt secondary forest tend to occupy seedling and stake level is from Neolitsea sp, Macaranga sp, Vitex sp, Peperamia sp which is all these types are dominant in seedling and stake level, tree and pole level are tend to occupied Eucalyptus urophylla, Fagraea sp, Vitex sp, dan Podocarpus sp that occupy un-burnt secondary forest. Dominant type on seedling, stake, pole, and tree level is seen difference. Dominant index in both forest appear difference in seedling, stake, and pole level. This is thought that spreading of these types are carried by wind, bird, and other animals which eat seed or fruit so particular type is not appear in post-fire forest or un-burnt forest condition.
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Judul: Forest vegetation composition and structure of the former forest burned area (In R. Soerjo Forest Park Area, Malang)
Abstrak: I NTRODUCTION. Forests damage in Indonesia are increasing affect to forest function decline. One cause of forest destruction in Indonesia is forest fires. Forest fires in Indonesia are mostly caused by humans. Impact of forest fires covering all aspects of ecosystems like, vegetation, fauna, soil, water, climate, air, and humans. forest vegetation damage caused succession in burned area. Succession effect reflected on forest vegetation composition dan structure. METHODOLOGY. The research was conducted in unburnt forest area, forest areas with a mild fire level, forest area with medium fire level, and forest area with heavy fire level. In each site observations made in three plots with plot size 100 x 100 m. In each plot observations are made of 4 sub-plots sample with size 20 x 20 m to measure the level of tree, strangler and woody liana; size 10 x 10 m to measure the level of the pole; size 5 x 5 m measure the level of saplings, lianas non-wood, pine, and palm; and 2 x 2 m measure the level of seedlings, ferns, shrubs and herbs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. Forest fires in R Soerjo Forest Park, Malang resulted in a decrease number of species of trees and regeneration rate and growth form. Only herb that has a stable species number in all forest conditions. Shannon species diversity according to the Index of General Diversity (H') shows that forest fires reduced the value of diversity at the level of stakes, poles, trees and most other forms of non-tree growth. Forest structure in each forest condition have a different highest diameter class. Unburned forest conditions have diameter until up to 110 cm, mild level forest fires reached only 60-69 cm for the highest diameter class. Meanwhile, on the medium level forest fires reached 80-89 cm for the highest diameter class, while the diameter classes of forest with heavy fire levels only reached 40-49 cm. Forest fires reduce the value of density on all forest burned area. The effect of forest fire on soil chemical properties are decrease soil pH value, increase the value of C-organic, and increase the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC). Forest fire in R. Soerjo Forest Park Area, Malang is causing changes of forest vegetation composition and structure and also soil chemical properties.
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Judul: Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules Formation for Leydig Cells Encapsulation
Abstrak: Hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by low concentrations of testosterone. It is caused by malfunction of Leydig cells in producing testosterone. Encapsulation method will protect the transplanted cells from the immune system rejection. The aims of this study was to optimize the formation of microcapsules for Leydig cells encapsulation. The microcapsules were made of alginate and chitosan as the first and the second coating agents, respectively. The result showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with a viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230-270 µm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted spherical microcapsule with mechanical stability in 4 hours. Leydig cells can be trapped inside the capsule with a density that proportional with concentration of cells used in the encapsulation.
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