Judul: Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibition Mechanism of Novel Peptides from Velvet Bean: An In Silico Study
Abstrak: Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) peptides are potential ACE inhibitors. This study aimed to identify peptides from velvet bean protein hydrolysate which contribute significantly to ACE inhibitory activity and predict its inhibition mechanism. LC-MS analysis was conducted to identify peptide sequences. Molecular docking was performed to screen for potential ACE inhibitory peptides. Based on the resulting docking scores, four peptides (P1 - EQPRPYPYPRP, P2 - FCRFGVLKV, P3 - QTDEYGNPVHRS, P4 - QTDEYGNPVHR) were selected. Binding mode analysis showed that ACE inhibition by the novel peptides was a combination of competitive and noncompetitive. P1 and P3 were hypothesized to be competitive inhibitors which were able to coordinate with the enzyme’s cofactor (i.e., Zn2+), whereas P2 and P4 were hypothesized to be noncompetitive inhibitors as they were only able to form hydrophobic networks with the binding channels and were unable to coordinate with Zn2+. Furthermore, molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated slight changes in the conformation of the enzyme as a result of peptide binding, confirming the novel velvet bean-based peptides as ACE inhibitors.
Keyword: ACE inhibitor, bioactive peptides, in silico, molecular docking, velvet bean

Judul: Dual Enzymatic Production of Bioactive Peptides from Velvet Bean Protein Concentrate
Abstrak: Bioactive peptides have a great potential for application for functional foods. Velvet bean (Mucuna pruriens) is a promising source of parent protein for the production of bioactive peptides due to its high protein and hydrophobic amino acid composition. This research aimed to obtain the optimum operating conditions for the continuous production of bioactive peptides from velvet bean protein concentrate using dual enzymatic proteolysis. This research was divided into two main stages: preparation of velvet bean protein concentrate and continuous production of bioactive peptides with emphasis on the influence of the enzyme-to- substrate ratio, pH, and residence time. Due to its high enzyme rejection, a 5-kDa PES membrane was used. The optimum operating conditions obtained were: [E]/[S] = 5%, pH = 7.5, and residence time = 12 h. With these operating conditions, the antioxidant capacities and ACE inhibition of the permeate were 0.1803 mg AEAC/mL (DPPH method), 0.1589 mg AEAC/mL (FRAP method), and 74.29%, respectively. Compared to the substrate, there was a decrease in antioxidant capacity and almost a twofold increase in ACE inhibition. The decrease in the antioxidant capacity was due to phenolic compound rejection by the membrane. Moreover, a long-term continuous production of velvet bean protein concentrate was performed. An increase in antioxidant capacity, ACE inhibition, and TMP was observed during the 72-h filtration. A combination of physical and chemical membrane cleaning was able to recover the flux up to 85.6%.
Keyword: ACE inhibition, antioxidant, bioactive peptides, enzymatic membrane reactor, velvet bean

Judul: Pola pertumbuhan anak usia 0-5 tahun di bantul, daerah istimewa yogyakarta
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan merupakan salah satu tahapan dalam siklus kehidupan manusia. Pertumbuhan didefinisikan sebagai peningkatan kuantitatif dalam ukuran atau massa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola pertumbuhan anak usia 0 - 5 tahun di bantul daerah istimewa yogyakarta. Subyek penelitian ini adalah 320 anak 0 - 5 tahun yang terdiri dari 150 laki-laki dan 170 perempuan. Pola pertumbuhan dapat ditentukan dengan prosedur antropometri yang diukur dari pengukuran berat badan, tinggi badan/panjang badan, tinggi duduk, lingkar lengan atas dan lingkar kepala. Pertumbuhan rata-rata anak laki-laki lebih besar daripada perempuan pada setiap kelompok usia. Berat badan pada anak laki-laki berkisar antara 5,41 kg - 17,29 kg dan anak perempuan 5,40 kg - 16,73 kg. Tinggi badan anak laki-laki berkisar antara 57,71 cm - 107,5 cm dan anak perempuan 57,22 cm - 106,2 cm. Tinggi duduk anak laki-laki berkisar antara 36.77 cm - 57.32 cm, dan anak perempuan 36,25 cm - 56,30 cm. Lingkar lengan atas anak laki-laki berkisar antara 13,79 cm - 16,69 cm dan anak perempuan 13,67 cm - 16.62 cm. Lingkar kepala anak laki-laki berkisar antara 39,30 cm – 50,27 cm dan anak perempuan 38,60 cm – 49,73 cm.
Keyword: pertumbuhan, anak-anak, antropometri, bantul