Judul: Development of Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Nugget Products Substituted with Mackerel Fish Bone for Adolescence Girls
Abstrak: Nugget merupakan makanan olahan yang cukup digemari terutama pada remaja. Nugget berbahan ikan kembung dapat dijadikan alternatif makanan selingan yang dapat membantu menambah asupan zat gizi pada remaja putri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan produk nugget ikan kembung dengan substitusi tulang ikan kembung sebagai pangan alternatif bagi remaja putri. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga formula dengan persentase daging ikan kembung dan tulang ikan kembung yang berbeda yaitu F1 (100:0), F2 (90:10), dan F3 (80:20). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik dan analisis zat gizi, formula nugget yang dipilih adalah formula nugget ikan dengan substitusi tulang ikan kembung sebesar 10%. Formula terpilih nugget ikan memiliki kadar air sebesar 50,05%; kadar abu sebesar 3,34%; lemak sebesar 2,41%; protein sebesar 12,03%; karbohidrat sebesar 32,16%; zat besi sebesar 5,46 mg/100 g; serta kalsium sebesar 211,25 mg/100 g. Nugget ikan kembung memiliki takaran saji sebesar 100 gram yang menyumbang energi sebesar 198 kkal. Produk nugget formula terpilih dapat menjadi makanan sumber protein, kalsium, dan zat besi berdasarkan ALG bagi kelompok umum.
Keyword: adolescence girls, calcium, nugget, protein, Rastrelliger kanagurta

Judul: Development of Chicken Nugget Products with Additional Chicken Bone Flour as a Food Product Source of Calcium
Abstrak: Di Indonesia rata-rata asupan kalsium anak usia 12 tahun yaitu sebanyak 234,46 mg per hari, jumlah tersebut masih tergolong kurang apabila dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan gizi sebesar 1200 mg per hari (Kemenkes 2019). Pada masa remaja juga terdapat puncak pertumbuhan massa tulang (peak bone mass) yang menyebabkan kebutuhan gizi menjadi sangat tinggi bahkan lebih tinggi daripada fase kehidupan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk nugget ayam dengan menambahkan tepung tulang ayam sebagai produk nugget sumber kalsium untuk remaja. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan November 2020 sampai Maret 2021. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan tepung tulang ayam, perancangan formula nugget, pembuatan nugget, uji organoleptik, penentuan formula terpilih nugget, analisis proksimat, analisis kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium, serta perhitungan kontribusi zat gizi nugget formula terpilih. Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik (uji hedonik dan uji ranking), maka formula nuuget dengan substitusi tepung tulang ayam sebanyak 10% merupakan formula terpilih. Hasil analisis kadar kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium yang terkandung pada nugget F1 sebesar 850,60 mg/100 g dan 78,12 mg/100 g. Formula nugget terpilih memberikan kontribusi protein sebesar 18,4−27,6% dan kalsium sebesar 40,3% terhadap AKG remaja., In Indonesia, the average calcium intake of children aged 12 years is 234.46 mg per day. This is still less than the daily recommendation, 1200 mg per day (Kemenkes 2019). In adolescence there is also a peak bone mass that causes the nutritional needs to be very high even higher than the other phases of life. This study aimed to develop chicken nugget products supplemented by adding chicken bone meal as a nugget product source of calcium for adolescents. The research was performed from November 2020 until March 2021. The research started from the processing of chicken bone flour, nugget formulation, production of nugget, sensory evaluation, determination of selected formulas, nutrient analysis, calcium analysis, calcium bioavailability determination, and the calculation of nutritional contribution of selected formula nuggets. Based on the results of sensory evaluation (hedonic acceptance tests and preference ranking tests), the selected formula was the formula using 10% chicken bone meal substitution. The analysis results of calcium levels and calcium bioavailability contained in selected formula was 850.60 mg /100 g and 78,12 % respectively. The selected nugget formula contributes 18.4−27.6% of protein and calcium by 40.3% to adolescent RDA.
Keyword: calcium, chicken bone, chicken nugget, fortification, hidden malnutritions

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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