Judul: The Role of the Warehouse Receipt System in Enhancing Small-Scale Farmer Livelihoods in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Indonesia’s Warehouse Receipt System
Abstrak: The objective of this thesis was to studythe role of the WRS in the agricultural sector and smallholder livelihoods. A further aim was to discuss the importance of improving the agricultural performanceand rural farmer livelihoods through developing WRS that is accessible to farmers in Indonesia. The study analysed whether this policy scheme could overcome the problems faced by farmers and improve the performance of the agricultural marketing system, and has identified several conditions required to develop a more advanced WRS practice in Indonesia. The findings show thata developing countrywith considerable agricultural potential in which the majority of agricultural actors are small-scale farmers,Indonesia should maintain the development of the agricultural industry, focusing more on the smallholder farmers. However, it has been recognised that in many rural areas, farmers face various challenges during the post-harvest period, especially in the market value chain. Initiation of the WRS will deliver advantages such as increasing farmers’ incomes, improving agricultural productivity and enhancing the agricultural marketing system in rural areas. This mechanism will help farmers to avoid losses during the harvest season through extending the sales period of the crops and to gain profits from price variations. Additionally,it can provide access to short-term financing from financial institutions by collateralising warehouse receipts. The system also providesa mechanism that facilitates smallholders’ participation further down in the markets. Clearly, the policy is a sustainable scheme in the agricultural sector that could increase agricultural productivity, ensure the availability of goods with good quality and provide financial access for smallholders.
Keyword: Warehouse receipt system, agriculture,agricultural innovations, microcredit, rural finance, small-scale farmer

Judul: Pengaruh Sistem Resi Gudang Terhadap Pendapatan Usahatani Padi di Kecamatan Perak Kabupaten Jombang
Abstrak: Warehouse Receipt System is a system relates to issuance, transfer, loaning, and warehouse receipt transaction settlement. WRS contained in the Law Number 9 of 2006 expanding public accesss to capitalize upon financing facility. The purposes of the research are to analyze the implementation of WRS, to identify the affecting factors in implementing WRS, and to analyze the role of WRS in increasing the farmers’ income. The research was conducted in Plosogenuk Village Perak Subdistrict Jombang District, East Java by respondents of 40 farmers. The research was conducted by comparing the ongoing study that showed the implementation of WRS in Perak Subdistrict in general was conformed with the average rate by 69% of conformity. Some less-conformed components were the lack of socialization and the less-appropriate specification of warehouse. However, the implementation of WRS helped farmers in income increase by 22.46% which derived from the increase of the selling price by 6.46%.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), warehouse receipt system, government policy, agricultural finance, agricultural commodities

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology