Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Sekuen Parsial Gen Monokarboksilat Transporter-like pada Ikan Gurami Osphronemus goramy
Abstrak: Ikan gurami merupakan salah satu spesies ikan budidaya air tawar di Indonesia. Ikan gurami berpotensi untuk dijadikan ikan model untuk studi metabolisme karbohidrat dan respons terhadap cekaman lingkungan. Gen monokarboksilat transporter (MKT) diduga bertanggung jawab dalam metabolisme karbohidrat dan saat oksigen terlarut rendah di perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi sekuen parsial gen monokarboksilat transporter-like pada ikan gurami. RNA total diekstraksi dari organ hati ikan gurami. Primer oligonukleotida diperoleh dengan menyejajarkan sekuen gen ikan koki Carassius auratus, “grass carp” Ctenopharyngodon idella, “sheepshead minnow” Cyprinodon variegatus, ikan mas Cyprinus carpio, ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus, ikan gapi Poecilia reticulata, dan ikan “rainbow trout” Oncorhynchus mykiss menggunakan perangkat lunak Bioedit v7.2. Dari analisis sekuensing diperoleh susunan nukleotida berukuran 922 bp yang menyandikan 299 asam amino residu. Analisis sekuen dengan BLAST® menunjukkan sekuen gen yang berhasil diisolasi memiliki kesamaan dengan gen MKT ikan kuwe batu Seriola dumerili, kakap putih Lates calcarifer, dan Larimichthys croacea dengan persentase kesamaan berkisar antara 81 86%. Pada sekuen asam amino residu tersebut ditemukan domain protein major facilitator superfamily (MFS) famili 1, 11, dan 13. Analisis pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa sekuen gen parsial yang diisolasi tersebut berada dalam kelompok teleost dengan nilai bootstrap 56%, terpisah dengan kelompok mamalia dengan nilai bootstrap 100%. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa gen yang diisolasi merupakan gen MKT.
Keyword: Isolasi gen, monokarboksilat transporter, Osphronemus goramy

Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Sekuen Parsial Gen Penyandi Enzim Histone Acetyltransferase-like pada Ikan Gurami Osphronemus goramy
Abstrak: Ikan gurami merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya air tawar di Indonesia. Ikan gurami berpotensi untuk dijadikan ikan model pada studi mengenai dampak rekayasa budidaya terhadap perkembangan benih dan larva. Gen penyandi enzim histone acetyltransferase (HATs) berperan dalam proses regulasi ekspresi gen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi sekuen parsial gen penyandi enzim histone acetyltransferase-like pada ikan gurami. RNA total diekstraksi dari organ hati ikan gurami. Primer degenerate oligonukleotida diperoleh dengan menyejajarkan sekuen gen ikan takifugu Takifugu rubripes, ikan sebelah Paralichthys olivaceus dan ikan salmon Atlantik Salmo salar menggunakan perangkat lunak Bioedit v7.2. Dari analisis sekuensing diperoleh susunan nukleotida berukuran 537 bp yang menyandikan 132 residu asam amino. Analisis sekuen dengan BLAST® menunjukkan sekuen gen yang berhasil diisolasi memiliki kesamaan dengan gen penyandi enzim HATs-like kakap putih Lates calcarifer, ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus dan ikan salmon silver Oncorhynchus kisutch dengan persentase kesamaan berkisar antara 91‒99%. Analisis pohon filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa sekuen gen parsial yang diisolasi tersebut berada dalam kelompok teleost dengan nilai bootstrap 64%, terpisah dengan kelompok mamalia dengan nilai bootstrap 100%. Hasil ini membuktikan bahwa gen yang diisolasi merupakan gen penyandi enzim HAT-like.
Keyword: Histone acetyltransferase, isolasi gen, Osphronemus goramy

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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