Judul: Baggase as cibacron red reactive dye adsorbent.
Abstrak: Cibacron Red is one of reactive dye types which is widely used by textile industry. But, reactive dye waste from textile industrial process causes many environment problems. Lots of waste treatment efforts are conducted; one of which is to make use of agricultural side products that are potential to be utilized as adsorbent. This research utilizes baggase as Cibacron Red reactive dye adsorbent. Baggase was divided in two categories, unmodified adsorbent and concentrated-sulphuric-acid-modified adsorbent. As a comparison, activated carbon that originated from coconut shell, which is commercially-used adsorbent, was used. Adsorption was carried out by varying adsorption times, adsorbent weights, and initial concentrations of Cibacron Red reactive dye; where then the results were applied to textile industrial waste. The optimum adsorption time, adsorbent weight, and initial concentration for unmodified adsorbent were 45 minutes, 1 g, and 150 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the optimum conditions for acid-modified adsorbent were 53.5 minutes, 2.5 g, and 150 ppm. The optimum conditions for activated carbon, as comparison, were 60 minutes, 3 gram, and 150 ppm. In single solution tests of Cibacron Red, adsorption capacity for unmodified adsorbent, acid-modified adsorbent, and activated carbon were 788.7, 5669.6, dan 3827.5 μg/g adsorbent; with adsorption efficiency were 6.2, 94.1, dan 75.6% correspondingly. Application of three types of adsorbent toward textile industrial waste showed adsorption efficiency were 1.3, 97.6, and 51.7% in that order. Isotherm type for all types of adsorbent followed Freundlich isotherm.
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Judul: Adsorpsi Cibacron Red Menggunakan Campuran Kaolin Ampas Tebu dan Bentonit-Ampas Tebu
Abstrak: The use of agroindustrial waste and clay mineral have been studied as alternative adsorbents for dyes, such as Cibacron Red. Cibacron Red is one of reactive dyes which is widely used in textile industries In this research, the mixture of sugarcane bagasse and kaolinite or bentonite were used as adsorbents for cibacron red. Acid and base treatments were carried out to activate the adsorbents. Adsorption was carried out by varying adsorption times and adsorbent weights. The result showed that acid activated bagasse had the highest adsorption capacity. The optimum adsorption time and adsorbent weight were 120 minutes and 1 g with decrease of concentration from 50 mg/L to 7.99 mg/L. On the other hand, the optimum conditions for commercially activated carbon were 90 minutes and 1 g with decrease of concentration from 50 mg/L to 16.18 mg/L. The adsorption capacity and efficiency for acid activated bagasse was better than the commercially activated carbon. The adsorption capacity for acid activated bagasse and activated carbon were 2.10 mg/g and 1.69 mg/g adsorbent. The adsorption efficiency were 84.00% and 67.64%. Acid activated bagasse were followed Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm type, it was mean that adsorbent type is fisisorption and chemisorption.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii