Judul: Dampak dan Motivasi Perubahan Pola Migrasi dari Sirkuler ke Komuter
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to identifies economic and social impact which is received by migrant from changing of type migration from circular to commuter and identifies the influence from that impact to social and economic motivation migrant make decision to change of type migration from circular to commuter. Methods of this research using survey methods that are supported by in-depth interviews. Respondents were obtained using purposive sampling technique by 30 respondents. The research was conducted in Parakan Muncang Village, Nanggung District, Bogor Regency, West Java. The research was conducted from April through July 2013. Economic impact of migrants obtained after transfer to increase the income. Social effects obtained after transfer of increased social prestige and closeness of family relationships. Social impacts can arise, due to the purchase of by a status symbol things and intensity of communication with migrant families to become commuter. The other result showed that the change of type migration from circular to commuters affected by economic motivations.
Keyword: 

Judul: Proses Pengambilan Keputusan Migrasi dan Adaptasi Migran Sirkuler Pedagang Kaki Lima di Kecamatan Pamulang, Kota Tangerang Selatan
Abstrak: The research is intended to study (1) the process of decision making of circular migrants; (2) the process of adaptation of the circular migrants; and (3) the change of social-economic and cultural aspects of circular migrant households. The research shows some factors that significantly influence the process of decision making to migrate in accord with the theory developed by Lee, i.e. (1) the factor originate from the migrants’ homeland as the pushing ones; (2) the factor of the migration destination as the pulling ones; (3) the aspect of obstruction; and (4) the personal factor. In addition to the four factors, this study shows a new aspect accelerates the migration process, i.e. the power of social network among migrants comprising of the earlier migrants who have succeeded in their migration. However, the economic motive and personal decision are two factors which could not be abandoned. The accomplishment of the adaptation is generally induced by personal characters: strong personality, durability, persistence and gallantry to live a difficult life. The external factor strengthening the process of adaptation of the migrants in their new milieu is the availability of the people originally from the same homeland. The success of the circular migrants is also influenced by their ability to maintain and develop certain institutions. They are comprising of (1) entrepreneurial institutions with their networks; (2) the system of remittent transfer; (3) saving and loaning institutions; and (4) social security system. The circular migrants working as moving vendors (PKL) are generally getting additional values as the better change of their social, economic and cultural household aspects. The change is known through several indicators: (1) the improved quality or quantity of their dwellings in their homeland; (2) the increase of their properties or jewelries; (3) the trend of self-ownership among the moving vendors’ businesses; (4) the trend of business income of the moving vendors; (5) the trend of the average of remittent nominal; (6) the trend of marital status of the moving vendors; and (7) the change of the behavioral aspects of the circular migrants from traditional pattern into the more modern one.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pengujian Virus Newcastle Disease Gen VII Isolat Lapang Sebagai Virus Standar Pada Uji Tantang Vaksin
Abstrak: This study was conducted to determine the standard of Newcastle disease virus Gene VII field isolate as a virus challenge to vaccine test. A virus suspension that has previously been tested by HA test then titrated with EID50 using 30 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) of 10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. In addition, chicken lethal dose50 (CLD50) test were used to determine the virus titer that could cause 50% death of the chicken population. The CLD50 test was used 25 day-old-chickens (DOC) divided into 5 groups. The virus was diluted from 10-1 to 10-8. The 104 to 10-8 dilution of NDV was infected to every group of chicken via eyedrop and intranasal with 0.1 ml/chicken dosage. Haemagglutination test showed that the allantoic fluid were contain high titers of NDV is 512 HAU. The infective NDV that had been titrated by EID50 test showed the virus titers is 109 EID50/0.1 ml or 1010 EID50/ml and the virus titers of CLD50 test e.i 106.48 CLD50/0.1 ml or 107.48 CLD50/ml. These results can be concluded that the NDV Gene VII field isolates were most appropriate to be used as a standard virus to vaccine test
Keyword: Newcastle Disease Virus Gene VII, HA tes, EID50 test, CLD50 test