Judul: Karakteristik Gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) pada Ulat Sutera Liar (Attacus atlas L.) asal Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Attacus atlas is a silkworm of Indonesia, distributing from Nangroe Aceh Darusalam (NAD) to West Papua. Based on genetic databases from GenBank, there is no genome complete data of this species, especially Indonesian origin. This study was aimed to characterize A. atlas COI gene originated from West Java Province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the tissue of A. atlas larvae from Bogor and Purwakarta. DNA extraction were then followed with DNA amplification and sequencing of COI gene. A. atlas COI gene were aligned along with other spesies COI gene to compare nucleotide sequences of COI gene. COI gene sequence data of the others were acquired from GenBank. Cricula trifenestrata, Antheraea pernyi, Bombyx mori, and Bombyx mandarina were among species included in the alignment. Six samples were amplified and the amplification product was 595 nt, which was then analyzed with MEGA 4.0 software. This study was able to characterize A. atlas COI gene and product was 508 nt. Nucleotide sequences of the gene was monomorfic and conserved in the species level. There are 31 diagnostic nucleotide sites characterizing A. atlas. Group separation was distinct between the member of Saturniidae family (A. atlas, C. trifenestrata, and A. pernyi) with the member of Bombycidae family (B. mori and B. mandarina). Phylogenetic analysis of A. atlas showed that A. atlas possesses separate nodes, while the position of C. trifenestrata closes to A. pernyi
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Judul: Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) Gene Variations of Mitochondrial DNA of Apis cerana
Abstrak: Apis cerana is a native honey bee of Asia, ranging from China to the Philippines. Based on genetic a databases in GenBank of mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) A. cerana from Malaysia, Brunei, Thailand, Taiwan, Korea, Japan, and Russia occur nine haplotypes. However, there is no COI data haplotype of A. cerana from Indonesia. This study was aimed to explore haplotype variations of COI gene of A. cerana from Java, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores. Collection and extraction of A. cerana DNA was carried out from those four islands. DNA extraction and amplification process were followed with DNA sequences of COI gene. This study revealed six new variations haplotypes A. cerana from Java, Lombok, Sumbawa and Flores Indonesia. Two haplotypes were seen each from Java and Flores as well as one haplotype each from Lombok and Sumbawa. All honey bee A. cerana in Java showed the same COI haplotype except for those samples from Cililin, West Java, this might be due to the isolation area of Cililin. Haplotypes variation in Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores occured could be due to the isolation of these islands by sea. Alignment was performed on A. cerana COI sequences from the results of this study with GenBank database, showed that based on COI, honey bee A. cerana from Java, Sabah, and Brunei were closely related and clustered in the same group. This phenomena support the theory of the Asian unity mainland in the Pleistocene Era. Honey bee A. cerana COI haplotypes from Lombok, Sumbawa, and Flores were different from any other haplotypes. This might be due to in the Pleistocene Era, those islands were the emergen areas of a broad zone in shallow water
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Judul: Masalah Persediaan Produk yang Mudah Rusak dengan Mempertimbangkan Inflasi dan Diskon, Studi Kasus: Akhir Periode Diskon Bertepatan dengan Waktu Pembelian
Abstrak: Persediaan merupakan salah satu aset termahal dari banyak perusahaan. Persediaan pada kenyataannya membutuhkan perawatan tertentu, tempat penyimpanan, dan dapat mengalami kerusakan seiring dengan lama waktu penyimpanan, sehingga persediaan tidak dapat disimpan dalam jangka waktu yang lama. Tujuan dari pengelolaan persediaan adalah menjaga ketersediaan produk agar bisa memenuhi kebutuhan pelanggan dan efektivitas biaya. Perusahaan mengelola persediaan untuk menjaga kebutuhan pelanggan dalam jangka panjang, dan untuk melindungi pasar terhadap beberapa produk maupun pesaing. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, dibahas model Economic Order Quantity dengan tingkat kerusakan konstan dan diskon untuk kasus periode diskon berakhir saat waktu pemesanan regular tiba. Penelitian ini menghasilkan formulasi masalah persediaan untuk menentukan kuantitas pesanan dengan diskon dan periode pengisian ulang dengan diskon sehingga memaksimumkan penghematan biaya total. Selain itu, dihasilkan pula rumusan pengaruh tingkat kerusakan, diskon, dan tingkat suku bunga terhadap periode pengisian ulang dan penghematan biaya total.
Keyword: diskon, nilai sekarang, persediaan