Judul: Pengaruh Suplementasi Sabun-kalsium dari Minyak Larva Black Soldier Fly terhadap Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen Domba Garut.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi sabunkalsium dari minyak larva black soldier fly (BSF) terhadap karakteristik fermentasi rumen domba Garut. Delapan ekor domba Garut jantan dengan ratarata BB 29,08 ± 3,62 kg dibagi ke dalam dua kelompok perlakuan yaitu P1 = tanpa campuran suplementasi sabun-Ca dan P2 = dengan campuran suplementasi 4% sabun-Ca. Peubah yang diamati meliputi nilai pH rumen, konsentrasi VFA total, konsentrasi NH3, populasi bakteri total, dan populasi protozoa. Data dianalisis dengan uji-T menggunakan software SPSS 23. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 4% sabun-Ca minyak larva BSF pada ransum tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH rumen, kadar NH3, dan populasi protozoa. Pemberian 4% sabun-Ca minyak larva BSF pada ransum sangat nyata (P<0,01) meningkatkan konsentrasi VFA total dan populasi bakteri total. Penambahan sabun-Ca minyak larva BSF dengan level 4% dapat memperbaiki fermentasi rumen dengan meningkatkan populasi bakteri rumen dan konsentrasi VFA total.
Keyword: black soldier fly, calcium soap, rumen bacteria, rumen fermentation, total VFA concentration

Judul: Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen Domba Garut yang Diberi Pakan dengan Suplementasi Minyak BSF(Black Soldier Fly) atau Sabun Ca-BSF.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik fermentasi rumen pada domba Garut yang diberi pakan dengan suplementasi minyak BSF atau sabun Ca-BSF. Ternak yang digunakan yaitu sebanyak 8 ekor domba Garut jantan dengan rata-rata bobot badan awal 29,08 ± 3,62 kg. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu P1 penambahan minyak BSF dan P2 penambahan sabun kalsium BSF. Peubah yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, konsentrasi VFA total, konsentrasi amonia, populasi bakteri, dan populasi protozoa. Data dianalisis dengan uji T menggunakan SPSS 23. Hasil analisis menunjukkan nilai pH, konsentrasi amonia, dan populasi protozoa pada rumen tidak berbeda antara perlakuan. Konsentrasi VFA total P1 (85,38 mM) sangat nyata lebih rendah (P<0,01) daripada P2 (122,51 mM). Populasi bakteri total P1(4,89 log CFU ml-1) sangat nyata lebih rendah (P<0,01) daripada P2 (6,76 log CFU ml-1). Penambahan sabun Ca-BSF efektif meningkatkan kadar VFA dan populasi bakteri total dalam rumen. Kata Kunci: fermentasi rumen, minyak BSF, sabun Ca-BSF., This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of rumen fermentation in Garut sheep fed with suplements of BSF oil or BSF Ca-soap. Eight male Garut sheep with an average initial body weight of 29.08 ± 3.62 kg were used in this experiment. The treatments applied were P1 BSF oil suplementation and P2 BSF Ca-soap suplementation. The variables measured were pH value, total VFA concentration, ammonia concentration, total population of bacteria, and protozoa. Data were analyzed using T test with statistical program of SPSS 23. The results showed that the pH value, ammonia concentration, and protozoa population in the rumen did not differ between treatments. The total VFA concentration of P1 (85.38 mM) was significantly lower (P<0.01) than that of P2 (122.51 mM). Bacteria population of P1(4.89 log CFU ml-1) was significantly lower (P<0.01) than that of P2 (6.76 log CFU ml-1) . The addition of Ca-BSF soap was effective in increasing VFA consentration and total bacteri population in rumen Keywords: BSF oil, calcium soap BSF, rumen fermentation.
Keyword: fermentasi rumen, domba garut, sabun Ca-BSF, BSF oil, calcium soap BSF, rumen fermentation

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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