Judul: Optimasi Penghambatan Pengendapan Jus Jambu Biji Merah dengan Metode Sonikasi
Abstrak: The guava juice is one kind of beverage product and has benefit as antioxidant. It was found that precipitation still happens to this product on marketplace which consumers are less preferable of precipitation guava juice. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the quality of the guava juice in order to inhibit precipitation. The aim of this research are to identify the effect of sonication time and amplitude ultrasonic wave to the stability of guava juice. Moreover, the purpose of this study is to identify the acceptances of panelist toward product sample applied by best combined of sonication time and amplitude value. Based on the research, the most optimum result determined was amplitude of 23% and sonication time of 50 minute where average particle size of guava juice was 298.48 nm with sonication and 311.78 nm without sonication. The application of sonication on guava juice is not recommended because the result of size particle is not much different. Based on organoleptic test, texture and appearance of guava juice by sonication were not different significantly with any sample without sonication, whereas for the parameter texture was different significantly. Suspension stability test results showed that samples with sonication treatment were better than samples without sonication.
Keyword: particle size, optimal, sonication, precipitation, guava juice

Judul: The effect of sonication time and amplitudo of ultrasonik waves to suspension stability and quality of green beans juice
Abstrak: Green bean juice drinks that already existed has several constraints due to its low stability so it is need shakes before consumed. To get the green bean juice with a good suspension stability, it can be done by adding additional ingredients to enhance stability or to decrease the size of particles to slow the rate of precipitation. Sonication is a method of solving the material into nano-sized particles using ultrasonic waves, while the use of stabilizer CMC aims to improve the viscosity and slow down the precipitation process so as to produce a stable suspension. Preliminary research done by analysis of the proximate content, production of the green bean juice and the determination of stabilizer concentration and materials. The main research done by sonication in green bean juice with a variation of 20, 40, and 60 minutes with an ultrasonic wave amplitudo by 20%, 30%, and 40%, test of green bean juice, test the stability suspense, test the size particle and organoleptic tests. Based on the research results, which have been sonicated protein levels ranged between 0.23% -0.32%, fat content of 0.64% -1.6%, total solids 9.6% -14.91%. pH 6.56 to 6.64, viscosity 26.67-44.03 Cp, and total dissolved solids from 8.75 to 9°Brix. Based on the acceptance parameter of 20 panelists expressed juice color ranges from 4.60-5.45 of green beans as well as states like flavour ranges from 3.31-5.75 whereas 3.55-5.05 ranged to taste like. For all microbial tests showed a negative value. Based on the analysis range of the level of 1%, sonication time gave tangible effect on the value of viscosity, flavour, taste, and color of green been juice. Sonication treatment for 60 minutes with an ultrasonik wave amplitudo by 40% was found effective to improve the stability of the suspension of the green bean juice, can be seen from the diameter of the particle size of the average 657 nm by using a test particle size analyzer.
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Judul: Theileriosis pada domba dan kambing akibat infeksi theileria ovis dan theileria hirci
Abstrak: Theileriosis adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan Boleh protozoa dari genus Theileria dan ditularkan melalui vektor caplak. Theileria ovis dan Theileria hirci pernah dimasukkan dalam genus Gonderia sehingga penyakit yang disebabkan oleh penyakit ini mempunyai beberapa nama diantaranya Benign Ovine and Caprine Gonderiosis atau Benign Ovine and Caprine Theileriosis (disebabkan oleh infeksi Theile- ria ovis). Sedang yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Theileria hirci diberi nama Malignant Ovine and Caprine Gonderiosis Malignant Ovine and Caprine Theileriosis (Levine, 1961). Soulsby (1982) dan Jensen (1983), memasukkan Theileria hirci dan Theileria ovis dalam genus Theileria, famili Theileriidae, ordo Piroplasmida, subklas Piroplasmia dan dalam kelas Sporozoa. Menurut hasil pemeriksaan theileriosis pada domba dan kambing di Indonesia periode 1 April 1981 sampai 31 Maret 1982 di Propinsi Sumatera Barat di Daerah Tingkat II Pasaman Kecamatan Talamun ditemukan pada 2 ekor kambing kacang, Kecamatan Sungai Beremas ditemukan pada 3 ekor kambing kacang dan di Daerah Tingkat II Padang Pariaman, Kecamatan Pariaman ditemukan pada 1 ekor kambing kacang (Informasi Keswan, 1982). Daerah penyebaran Theileria ovis yang pernah dilapor- kan adalah Afrika Tengah, Afrika Barat, Afrika Timur, Afrika Selatan, Perancis, Jerman, Hongaria, Sardinia dan diduga India. Sedangkan penyebaran Theileria hirci meli- puti Afrika Utara, Eropa Selatan, Irak dan Turki. Bentuk Theileria ovis dan Theileria hirci pada domba dan kambing dalam eritrosit disebut piroplasma dan bentuk dalam limfosit disebut Koch bodies atau skizon. Bentuk dalam vektor caplak adalah zigot dan kinet. Di dalam eritrosit parasit ini mempunyai beberapa macam bentuk yaitu, bentuk bulat, oval, batang, bentuk buah pir atau koma dan bentuk seperti anaplasma. Bentuk dalam limfosit berupa skizon yang terdiri dari makroskizon dan mikroskizon. Penularan Theileria ovis dan Theileria hirci dari hewan satu ke hewan lain secara alam dilakukan oleh vektor caplak secara stage to stage. Vektor dari Theileria ovis adalah caplak dari genus Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, Hae- mophysalis dan Ornithodorus. Sedangkan vektor dari Thei- leria hirci yaitu caplak dari genus Rhipicephalus dan di- duga Ornithodorus. Penularan secara buatan dapat dilakukan dengan cara mekanik (penyuntikan dengan aplikasi intravena, subkutan dan intraperitoneal)…dst
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