Judul: Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Ekspor Kakao Indonesia - Uni Eropa
Abstrak: One of plantation commodity which is potentially developed in Indonesia is cocoa. Indonesia is the third largest exporter of cocoa bean after Ivory Coast and Ghana. Even though Indonesia is one of the biggest cocoa producer countries but only 1.07 percent of cocoa bean and 7.79 percent of cocoa butter and oil can enter European Union Market as the biggest cocoa consumer in the world. Based on that problem this paper will analyze what factors which can influence cocoa export of Indonesia to European Union and what policy implication can be conducted regarding to this condition. Data processing was conducted by using stata which used panel data analysis with gravity model panel data. There are three models which can be estimated in panel data. This study deals with the flows of trade between Indonesia and Countries in European Union. Therefore the Fixed Effects will be a more appropriate model than random specification. The eleven importer countries are selected for the period 1996 - 2011. Based on econometric results there are four significant variables that influence trade flows of cocoa code 1801 from Indonesia to European Union. Those are GDP of exporting country, population of exporting country, exchange rate and export tax. There is no significant variable which can explain trade flows of cocoa, code 1804 from Indonesia to European Union. It would be concluded that in this case gravity model is not the best model. The next research should consider the other variable which can explain the trade flows well.
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Judul: Factors Influencing Indonesian Cocoa Export to the European Union
Abstrak: One of plantation commodity which is potentially developed in Indonesia is cocoa. Indonesia is the third largest exporter of cocoa bean after Ivory Coast and Ghana. Even though Indonesia is one of the biggest cocoa producer countries but only 1.07 percent of cocoa bean and 7.79 percent of cocoa butter and oil can enter European Union Market as the biggest cocoa consumer in the world. Based on that problem this paper will analyze what factors which can influence cocoa export of Indonesia to European Union and what policy implication can be conducted regarding to this condition. Data processing was conducted by using stata which used panel data analysis with gravity model panel data. There are three models which can be estimated in panel data. This study deals with the flows of trade between Indonesia and Countries in European Union. Therefore the Fixed Effects will be a more appropriate model than random specification. The eleven importer countries are selected for the period 1996 - 2011. Based on econometric results there are four significant variables that influence trade flows of cocoa code 1801 from Indonesia to European Union. Those are GDP of exporting country, population of exporting country, exchange rate and export tax. There is no significant variable which can explain trade flows of cocoa, code 1804 from Indonesia to European Union. It would be concluded that in this case gravity model is not the best model. The next research should consider the other variable which can explain the trade flows well.
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Judul: Studi desain reaktor cepat berbahan bakarnitrida dengan kemampuan transmutasi aktinida minor
Abstrak: Telah dapat dirancang reaktor dari jenis reaktor cepat yang dapat membakar aktinida minor yang berasal dari Reaktor Air Tekan (PWR). Teras reaktor yang dirancang berbentuk silinder dengan tipe balance, jari-jari 75 cm, tinggi 150 cm dan volume 2649 liter dengan daya keluaran sebesar 700 MWt. Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah uranium nitrida (UN) dengan tingkat pengayaan 11% dan 13%. Jumlah MA yang dimasukkan ke dalam reaktor untuk dianalisis proses pembakarannya adalah 3,5% dari total massa bahan bakar. Jenis pendingin yang digunakan berupa natrium cair dan struktur (perisai) terbuat dari stainless steel HT9. Dengan menggunakan perhitungan neutronik SRAC95 diperoleh bahwa reaktor yang dirancang dapat beroperasi selama 8 tahun setiap siklus pembakaran. Tingkat keselamatan inherent safety yang baik ditunjukkan oleh ekses reaktivitas yang sangat kecil yaitu kurang dari 0,015% dan nilai koefisien void yang sangat kecil yaitu -0,0878% pada awal operasi dan 0,315% pada akhir operasi. Nilai conversion ratio dan burn-up reaktor ini cukup tinggi dengan nilai masing-masing pada akhir operasi adalah 0,87 dan 1,26716 x 105 MWD/Ton. Kemampuan membakar MA dari reaktor ini sangat baik karena setelah beroperasi selama 48 tahun (6 siklus), reaktor ini mampu membakar 1,8 ton MA atau 37,5 kg dalam satu tahun dengan efisiensi pembakaran MA sebesar 85,7%. Equilibrium state dicapai setelah reaktor beroperasi selama 6 kali siklus bahan bakar.
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