Judul: MSTN Gene Polymorphism of SNP c.4957C>G in Bali Cattle using PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Gen Myostatin (MSTN) merupakan salah satu gen yang berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan sapi pedaging. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaman gen MSTN pada sapi bali menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP. Total sampel DNA sapi yang digunakan adalah 100 ekor sapi bali jantan yang berasal dari BPTU-HPT Denpasar dan BPT-HMT Serading sejumlah masing-masing 50 ekor yang diperoleh dari Aliyya et al. (2020). Analisis keragaman gen MSTN yang dilakukan pada sapi bali menggunakan PCR-RFLP dan enzim restriksi BsrI. Analisis data yang dilakukan meliputi frekuensi genotipe, frekuensi alel, nilai heterosigositas, dan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg menggunakan program Popgene32. Panjang produk hasil amplifikasi fragmen gen MSTN pada exon 3 sebesar 451 bp dan satu alel (C) pada sapi bali BPTU-HPT Denpasar dan sapi bali BPT-HMT Serading. Genotipe yang diperoleh adalah genotipe CC (451 bp) dengan frekuensi alel C yaitu 1 (100%). Hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan bahwa SNP c.4957C>G MSTN pada sapi bali monomorfik atau tidak beragam. Frekuensi alel dan genotipe tidak berada tidak dalam kondisi kesetimbangan Hardy-Weinberg karena hanya satu genotipe yang muncul., The MSTN gene is one of the genes that influence the growth of beef cattle. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the MSTN gene using PCR-RFLP. DNA samples used were from BPTU-HPT Denpasar and BPT-HMT Serading 50 samples each which were obtained from Aliyya et al. (2020). The MSTN gene polymorphism analysis was carried out using PCR-RFLP and BsrI restriction enzyme. Analysis of genotype and allele frequencies, heterozygosity, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were using Popgene32. The result of amplification of the MSTN gene on exon 3 was 451 bp fragments and 1 allele (C) in each sample. Only one genotype was found which was CC (451 bp) with a frequency of allele C was 1 (100%). Based on the results, it can be concluded that the MSTN gene of SNP c.4957C>G in Bali cattle was monomorphic. Allele and genotype frequency was not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium due to only one genotype appeared.
Keyword: gen myostatin, myostatin gene, PCR-RFLP, polimorfisme, polymorphism

Judul: Polymorphism of Myostatin Gene SNP c.400G>A  (MSTN|Alu-I) on Bali Cattle Conducted by PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Gen myostatin merupakan gen yang mengatur pertumbuhan otot rangka pada ternak dan mutasi yang terjadi pada gen tersebut dapat menyebabkan otot ganda (double muscle). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi dan menganalisis keragaman SNP c.400G>A gen myostatin pada sapi bali menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP. Sampel yang digunakan merupakan sampel DNA 100 ekor sapi bali dari BPTU-HPT Denpasar dan BPT-HMT Serading serta 20 ekor sapi limosin. Keragaman SNP c.400G>A gen MSTN dilakukan menggunakan metode PCRRFLP dengan enzim restriksi Alu-I. ...dst
Keyword: myostatin, PCR-RFLP, polymorphism, SNP

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: