Judul: Pengaruh Beberapa Tingkat Fosforilasi terhadap Sifat - Sifat Fungsional Protein Kedelai
Abstrak: Protein kedelai tidak hanya dapat digunakan sebagai sumber protein nabati saja, tetapi juga dapat dimanfaatkan untuk membuat formulasi berbagai macarn produk pangan dengan memanfaatkan sifat-sifat fungsional protein. Sifat fungsional protein merupakan faktor yang sangat penting untuk menentukan mutu produk yang dihasilkan. Pengetahuan tentang sifat-sifat fungsional ini akan memudahkan proses pengolahan suatu produk maupun dalam mernbuat forrnulasinya.
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Judul: Mempelajari pengaruh fosforilasi terhadap sifat kekentalan dan gelasi protein kedelai
Abstrak: Suatu produk pangan memerlukan sifat fungsional tertentu yang spesifik. Karakteristik sifat fungsional produk makanan dari kedelai dipengaruhi oleh sifat fungsional protein kedelai yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan infor- masi sifat fungsional protein dan pengaruh fosforilasi terhadap sifat fungsional protein dari berbagai varietas kedelai. Dengan mengetahui sifat fungsional pro- teinnya, kedelai dapat diarahkan penggunaanya. Protein kedelai dari 21 varietas kedelai yang diteliti masing-masing diisolasi kemudian dianalisa sifat fungsionalnya. Diantaranya dipilih 6 varietas kedelai secara acak untuk diisolasi dan difosforilasi proteinnya, kemudian dianalisa sifat fungsionalnya. Bahan baku untuk isolasi adalah kedelai bebas lemak. Protein diekstrak dengan melarutkan kedelai bebas lemak dalam air dan diatur pH-nya (8.5 - 8.7), kemudian disentrifusi dan supernatan yang diperoleh diatur kembali pH-nya menjadi 4.5 sehingga protein mengendap. Fosforilasi dilakukan dengan merendam isolat protein dalam larutan yang mengandung POCl3 pada pH 8,5 selama 1 jam. Pemisahan protein termodifikasi dilakukan dengan menurunkan pH sampai 4.5. Analisis sifat kekentalan protein dilakukan dengan melarutkan isolat protein dalam aquades dan kekentalan diukur dengan viskometer. Sifat gelasi protein dianalisa berdasarkan pengukuran kualitatif kekuatan gel yang terbentuk karena pemanasan pada 100 °C selama 15 menit yang dilanjutkan dengan pendinginan 4 °C selama minimum 2 jam. Nilai Kekentalan protein dari 21 varietas protein yang diamati berkisar 1.152 cps sampai 2.180 cps. Varietas Kedelai GH10 mempunyai kemampuan membentuk gel yang tertinggi dibanding varietas lain. Fosforilasi dapat mengubah sifat fungsional protein kedelai. Protein yang termodifikasi mempunyai kekentalan yang lebih tinggi namun nilai kenaikan ini tidak berbeda nyata. Fosforilasi juga mengubah sifat gelasi dari protein. Kemampuan pembentukan dan kekuatan gel yang terbentuk dari protein yang termodifikasi lebih besar dibanding yang tidak modifikasi.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite