Judul: Kajian Morfologi dan Morfometri Spermatozoa Anoa  (Bubalus Sp) dengan Pewarnaan Williams dan Eosin-  Nigrosin
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik morfologi spermatozoa anoa dengan pewarnaan Williams serta mengkaji morfometri spermatozoa anoa dengan pewarnaan Williams (W) dan eosin-nigrosin (EN). Kajian terhadap karakteristik morfologi dan morfometri spermatozoa anoa selama ini belum pernah dilaporkan. Semen dikoleksi dengan teknik elektroejakulator dari dua ekor anoa jantan (A dan B) di Taman Safari Indonesia, Cisarua-Bogor. Anoa A dengan umur 10 tahu dan berat 80 kg dianggap sebagai anoa tua dilakukan pengambilan sampel 2 kali, sedangkan anoa B dengan umur 3 tahun dan berat 50 kg dianggap sebagai anoa muda dilakukan pengambilan sampel 1 kali. Semen segar yang diperoleh dievaluasi terlebih dahulu secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis untuk mengetahui karakteristik secara umum. Kajian morfologi spermatozoa dilakukan dengan pewarnaan W, sedangkan untuk kajian morfometri dilakukan dengan pewarnaan W dan EN. Evaluasi morfologi dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 400x sebanyak 10 lapangan pandang atau 200 sel untuk masing-masing anoa. Pengukuran morfometri spermatozoa dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrometer dengan parameter pengukuran meliputi panjang dan lebar kepala, panjang ekor bagian tengah dan utama, serta panjang total spermatozoa pada 100 sel.
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Judul: Study of reproductive behavior, semen preservation, and aplication of artificial insemination technique in anoa (Bubalus Sp.) in Captivity
Abstrak: The anoa population is unevitably decreasing due to various reasons, therefore anoa included in the list of endangered species by IUCN and Appendix I by CITIES. Anoa breeding efforts in captivity has not been successful. The objectives of the study were to determine and observe estrous cycle, semen characteristics, sperm preservation, AI application, and partus behavior in anoa. The studies were conducted at Ragunan Zoo Jakarta and Taman Safari Indonesia Bogor. Sexual behaviors were observed during the daytime, and the estrous cycles were determined. Ejaculates were collected by electroejaculation technique, and the biometry of external reproductive organs was measured. Ejaculates were evaluated, including the characterization of biochemical contents of the seminal plasma, and the sperm morphology and biometry. Ejaculates were extended with Tris and Nacitrate extenders, and then stored in the temperature of 4 oC. Frozen semen was prepared using Tris extender added with 5% glycerol. Intracervical insemination was conducted using extended semen (100 x 106 sperm/1.0 mL). The results showed that the female anoas exhibit the various estrous signs including restlessness, frequent urination, vaginal mucus excretion, vulva swollen and hyperemia, and flagging of the tail. The vaginal cytology showed that the domination of the superficial cells was occured during estrus period. The average of estrous cycle of anoa is 21.21±0.56 day with approximately 2 days estrous duration, and the optimum mating is predicted at day 2 of estrus. Various semen characteristics of anoa were observed: 1.03±0.19 mL of volume, 54.29±10.97% of motility, 245.71±87.68 x 106 mL-1 of sperm concentration, and 31.59±4.51% of sperm abnormality. The total length of anoa sperms was 62.94±0.50 μm. The lipid, Na, Ca, and Mg contain in the seminal plasma of male anoa were higher than the buffalo’s. SDS-PAGE electrophoresis of seminal plasma demonstrated 10 bands (17-148 kDa). Extended semen was applicable to AI program for over 24-36 h, and post thawing sperm motility was 26.00±9.62%. Inseminations have resulted in one pregnancy. The first stage of partus (cervical dilatation) was characterized by the mucus discharge, abdominal contraction, and the rupture of the amniotic membrane; the second stage (fetal expulsion) was characterized by powerfull abdominal contraction and fetal delivery; and the third stage (placental expulsion) was indicated by placental delivery and the swallowing the placenta by the dam. The duration of each stages of parturition was 6-8 h, 30-60 min, and 15-180 min. The placental type of anoa is cotyledonaria, with the cotyledons diameter and thickness were 2.47±0.45 and 0.62±0.12 cm. It is concluded that the sexual behavior can be used to accurately determine the length of the estrous cycle of anoa. The semen quality was fairly good and AI technique was applicable to anoa. The characteristic of parturition process and placenta of anoa were comparable to the buffalo.
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Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition