Judul: Manfaat karaginan pada pembuatan sosis dari surimi ikan bawal tawar (Colossoma macropomum)
Abstrak: Sosis ikan merupakan salah satu bentuk diversifikasi produk yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan nilai tambah ikan. Adanya upaya diversifikasi ini diharapkan konsumsi ikan oleh masyarakat semakin meningkat. Penggunaan sodium tripolyfosfat dalam pembuatan sosis sudah sering ditemukan, namun sodium tripolyfosfat ini penggunaannya dibatasi maksimum 0.5 %. Pengganti sodium tripolyfosfat dengan bahan alami dapat digunakan dalam pembuatan sosis adalah karaginan
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Judul: Optimasi Formulasi Sosis Berbahan Baku Surimi Ikan Patin (Pangasius Pangasius) Dengan Penambahan Karagenan (Eucheuma Sp.) dan Susu Skim Untuk Meningkatkan Mutu Sosis
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan dengan potensi perikanan yang cukup tinggi, termasuk potensi budidaya ikan patin. Tetapi, potensi perikanan ini baru dimanfaatkan sekitar 20 persen. Ikan patin ini dapat diolah menjadi sosis yang merupakan salah satu produk olahan daging yang cukup populer di kalangan masyarakat Indonesia. Permasalahan yang muncul adalah karena daya pembentukan gel ikan patin yang merupakan ikan air tawar lebih rendah daripada ikan air laut dan rendemen surimi yang cukup rendah, yaitu 26% dari bobot ikan utuh. Karagenan merupakan salah satu potensi alternatif yang melimpah di Indonesia, yang berfungsi sebagai bahan pengisi sekaligus pembentuk tekstur pada sosis yang belum termanfaatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengoptimasi penggunaan surimi, air, karagenan, dan susu skim dalam pembuatan sosis ikan patin sehingga diperoleh respon biaya (RM cost), respon subyektif (tekstur dan rasa) serta respon obyektif (air bebas yang dikeluarkan, cooking loss, daya iris, dan kekenyalan yang optimal. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui posisi produk sosis ikan patin formula optimum jika dibandingkan produk sosis ikan komersil yang berada di pasaran.
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Judul: Exchange Market Pressure and Central Bank Intervention for Three ASEAN Countries
Abstrak: Two of the exchange rate systems which are adopted by many countries are the floating and the fixed exchange rate system. Both the exchange rate systems have different characteristics. Countries that implement fixed exchange rates system tend to set their domestic currency exchange rate at a certain point. On the contrary, countries which implement floating exchange rate system tend to let their domestic currency exchange rate to move flexibly and thus their value will always change according to the demand and supply of the currency in the foreign exchange market. Countries which implement floating exchange rate system are facing the risk of fluctuation in the exchange rate of their domestic currency against foreign currencies. The currency exchange rate fluctuation may be caused by economic problems such as a financial crisis. A country can also be potentially affected by other countries’ earlier financial crisis. This effect could potentially happen if these countries are in the same region, such as ASEAN. The 1997 ASEAN economic crisis was an example of a country’s financial crisis could affect other countries. At that time, some countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand had to change their currency exchange rate system from the fixed exchange rate system to the floating exchange rate system due to the high costs which has to be incurred if they were to enforce the fixed exchange rate system. During 2002 until 2012, the domestic exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand against the U.S. dollar had tended to fluctuate. If the domestic currency exchange rate fluctuated excessively then the central bank would intervene to stabilize the exchange rate in the foreign exchange market. The pressure on domestic currency exchange rate pressures has forced the central bank to intervene. The amount of those pressures can be analyzed by calculating the Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index. Apart from that, the time when interventions are done by the central bank can be known based on EMP by calculating the Exchange Market Intervention (EMI) index. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of international pressure on the currency exchange market and monetary authorities intervene in three ASEAN countries, as well as to determine the effect of the monetary authorities intervene on the exchange rate of the domestic currency against the U.S. dollar in those three ASEAN countries. Based on the EMP index calculation results which are obtained during 2002 to 2012 period, the exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand’s domestic currency had always fluctuated and the results of the EMP index indicated that each country were under diverse level of currency exchange rate appreciation and depreciation pressures. Thailand was the country with the highest currency exchange rate pressure compared to Indonesia and Malaysia. The results on the intervention index calculation showed that Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand have intervention index between zero and one and more than one. We can also see from the intervention index that Indonesia and Thailand implement the controlled floating currency exchange rate instead of the freely floating one. Based on the calculation of the currency exchange rate by comparing
Keyword: exchange rate, exchange market pressure, intervention