Judul: Reviewing the Drainage System of Lubuk  Sikaping City
Abstrak: Sistem drainase perkotaan terbangun yang tidak memadai menyebabkan terjadinya genangan pada beberapa wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang sistem drainase perkotaan. Hasil analisis debit rencana untuk saluran lateral antara 0,07 – 1,46 m3/detik, debit rencana untuk saluran kolektor antara 1,87 – 2,92 m3/detik dan debit rencana pada saluran utama sebesar 5,07 m3/detik. Hasil analisis dimensi pada saluran lateral yaitu untuk lebar dasar saluran 0,26 – 1,21 m dengan kedalaman 0,46 – 1,41 m, adapaun dimensi saluran kolektor lebar saluran 1,4 – 1,6 m dan kedalaman 1,6 – 1,8 m, dimensi saluran utama dengan lebar dasar saluran 2,25 m dan kedalaman saluran 2,55 m. Beberapa (sebagian) saluran lateral terbangun memiliki kapasitas yang kurang memadai dan tidak memadai, kapasitas saluran kolektor dan saluran utama seluruhnya tidak memadai. Tingginya sedimen dan inlet yang rusak menjadi penyebab utama terjadinya banjir dan genangan. Meskipun saluran terbangun telah berfungsi dengan baik (tidak rusak), namun tingginya sedimen pada saluran menyebabkan kapasitas saluran berkurang. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan peningkatan dimensi saluran lateral, saluran kolektor dan saluran utama yang tidak memadai. Selain itu, perlu juga dilakukan pembersihan sedimen pada saluran yang kurang memadai dan perbaikan inlet khususnya pada DTA 1., Inadequate built urban drainage system causes inundation in several areas. This study aims to review the urban drainage system. The results of the analysis of the design discharge for the lateral channel are between 0.07 – 1.46 m3/second, the design discharge for the collector channel is between 1.87 – 2.92 m3/second and the design discharge for the main channel is 5.07 m3/ second. The results of the dimension analysis on the lateral channel are for the channel bottom width 0.26 – 1.21 m with a depth of 0.46 – 1.41 m, while the dimensions of the collector channel are 1.4 – 1.6 m wide and 1.6 – 1.6 meters deep. 1.8 m, the dimensions of the main channel with a channel bottom width of 2.25 m and a channel depth of 2.55 m. Some (partly) built lateral canals have inadequate and inadequate capacity, the capacity of collector channels and main canals are entirely inadequate. The high sediment and damaged inlet are the main causes of flooding and inundation. Although the built canal has functioned well (not damaged), the high sediment in the channel causes the channel capacity to decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the dimensions of the lateral channel, collector channel and main channel which is not adequate. In addition, it is also necessary to clean the sediment in inadequate channels and repair the inlet, especially in DTA 1.
Keyword: Debit, Drainase, Genangan, discharge, drainage, flood

Judul: Review of Urban Settlement Area Drainage System
Abstrak: Perubahan tata guna lahan menjadi daerah permukiman berdampak terjadinya perubahan pola aliran suatu kawasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji ulang sistem drainase di kawasan permukiman kota, serta untuk menyusun alternatif penanggulangan genangan dan banjir. Hasil analisis debit rencana untuk saluran lateral berkisar 0.06 - 0.32 m3/detik sedangkan untuk saluran kolektor berkisar 1.027 - 1.822 m3/detik. Kondisi fungsional saluran terbangun relatif baik dengan tidak adanya sumbatan pada saluran. Hasil analisis dimensi teoritis saluran lateral yaitu kedalaman saluran (H) berkisar 0.45 – 0.80 m dengan lebar dasar saluran (B) berkisar 0.25 – 0.60 m, sedangkan dimensi saluran kolektor yaitu kedalaman saluran (H) berkisar 1.25 – 1.55 m dengan lebar saluran (B) berkisar 1.05 – 1.35 m. Hasil evaluasi saluran lateral terbangun menunjukkan bahwa beberapa saluran kurang memadai dan tidak memadai, sehingga diperlukan pembersihan sedimen dan peningkatan dimensi saluran lateral. Dimensi saluran kolektor terbangun pada DTA4 dan DTA5 ditingkatkan, sedangkan pada DTA1, DTA2, dan DTA3 perlu dibangun saluran kolektor baru dengan meningkatkan dimensi saluran lateral terbangun. Hasil evaluasi terhadap dimensi gorong-gorong menunjukkan bahwa kapasitas gorong-gorong tidak memadai untuk menampung debit rencana sebesar 6.61 m3/detik. Diperlukan pembangunan satu unit gorong-gorong baru dengan kemiringan dasar gorong-gorong 2%., Changes in land use into residential areas have an impact on changes in flow pattern of an area. This study aims to review drainage system in urban residential areas, as well as to develop alternatives to inundation and flooding. Results of the design discharge analysis for lateral channel from 0.06 - 0.32 m3/s while for collector channel from 1.027 - 1.822 m3/s. Results of analysis theoretical dimensions of lateral channel are channel depth (H) from 0.45 to 0.80 m with channel width (B) from 0.25 to 0.60 m while collector channel dimensions, channel depth (H) from 1.25 to 1.55 m with channel width (B) from 1.05 – 1.35 m. Functional condition of built canal is relatively good with no blockage in canal. Results of evaluation of built lateral canals showed that some of channels were inadequate and inadequate so that sediment clearance and an increase in dimensions of lateral channels were required. Dimensions of built collector channel in DTA4 and DTA5 are increased, while in DTA1, DTA2, and DTA3 it’s necessary to build a new collector channel by increasing dimensions of the built lateral channel. Results of evaluation dimensions of culvert show that capacity culvert isn’t adequate to accommodate design discharge of 6.61 m3/s. It’s necessary to construct a new culvert unit with 2% slope of bottom culvert.
Keyword: Culvert, Discharge, Drainage, Flood

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity