Judul: evaluasi potensi genetik sifat pertumbuhan pejantan kambing PE dan Saanen di balai penelitian ternak, Ciawi- Bogor
Abstrak: Etawah Grade (EG) and Saanen goats are two types of small ruminant commonly raised for producing milk in Indonesia. Milk yield can be increased by doing selection programs based on breeding value (EBV) in order to obtain superior bukcs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic quality growth trait of EG and Saanen bucks at the Research Institute for Animal Production (RIAP), Ciawi-Bogor. This research used 136 kids from 8 EG buks and 48 kids from 2 Saanen bucks from RIAP, Ciawi-Bogor. The data came from the recording in 2006 until 2009. Variables measured were birth weight and weaning weight then analyzed by t-test, weaning weight data were standardized to the age of 120 days and corrected to the type of single births and male (Saanen), and corrected to the type of twin births and female (EG). Heritability was calculated by the method of paternal half sibs, and the value of breeding (Breeding Value) was calculated by the Contemporary Comparison method. The results showed that male EG birth weight was 3,20±0,67 kg, while female birth weight was 2,87±0,60 kg. Male Saanen birth weight was 3,31±0,39 kg, while female birth weight was 2,98±0,39 kg. Etawah Grade birth weight in single birth was 3,28±0,69 kg and twins was 2,83±0,53 kg. Saanen birth weight in single birth was 3,33±0,69 kg, and twins was 2,94±0,21 kg. Heritability of EG birth weight and weaning weight were classified as high (0,50±0,34 and 0,56±0,36). Heritability of Saanen birth weight was 0,36 ± 0,68, this value was classified as moderate. Etawah Grade bucks with high breeding value (BV) was the identity number 261 (0,77), whereas that in Saanen buck was the identity number 9021 (0,49).
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Judul: Identifikasi keragaman gen hormon pertumbuhan (EXON 2) pada kambing peranakan etawah (PE), saanen dan persilangannya (PESA) dengan metode PCR-SSCP
Abstrak: Kambing merupakan salah satu ternak ruminansia kecil yang telah dikenal oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan mutu genetik ternak kambing adalah dengan melakukan eksplorasi terhadap gen-gen potensial yang diduga kuat berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan. Salah satu gen mayor yang diduga kuat terkait dengan pertumbuhan adalah gen Growth Hormone (GH) yang menghasilkan hormon pertumbuhan yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan jaringan dan metabolisme lemak. Gen GH terbagi dalam sekuens nukleotida terdiri dari 5 exon dan 4 intron. Keragaman genetik pada tingkat DNA khususnya di gen GH pada kambing masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen GH exon 2 pada kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE), Saanen, dan persilangannya (PESA) dengan metode PCR-SSCP. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Genetika Molekuler Ternak, Departemen Ilmu Produksi dan Teknologi Peternakan, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sampel darah kambing yang berhasil diidentifikasi berjumlah 180 sampel yang terdiri dari kambing PE yang berasal dari Ciapus (4), Cariu (10), Sukajaya (46); kambing Saanen berasal dari Cijeruk (18), Cariu (29), Sukabumi (40); serta kambing PESA yang berasal dari Cariu (17) dan Balitnak (16). Amplifikasi gen GH dilakukan dengan menggunakan teknik PCR, sedangkan untuk identifikasi keragaman dilakukan menggunakan metode PCR-SSCP. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung frekuensi alel dan genotipe serta derajat heterozigositas. Gen GH kambing exon 2 yang berhasil diamplifikasi berukuran 198 pb. Pendeteksian keragaman gen GH exon 2 menghasilkan dua tipe alel, yaitu alel A dan alel B. Frekuensi alel A pada masing-masing bangsa, yaitu PE (76%), Saanen (63%), dan PESA (71%). Alel B memiliki frekuensi lebih kecil dibandingkan alel A pada semua bangsa, yaitu PE (24%), Saanen (37%), dan PESA (29%). Genotipe yang diperoleh adalah AB dan AA. Frekuensi genotipe AB pada masing-masing bangsa, yaitu PE (48%), Saanen (74%), dan PESA (58%), sementara genotipe AA pada masing-masing bangsa, yaitu PE (52%), Saanen (26%), dan PESA (42%). Nilai heterozigositas pengamatan pada masing-masing bangsa dari yang tertinggi sampai terendah, yaitu Saanen (74%), PESA (58%), dan PE (48%). Nilai heterozigositas harapan pada masing-masing bangsa, yaitu Saanen (47%), PESA (41%), dan PE (37%).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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