Judul: Perbandingan Risiko Insolvensi Perbankan Konvensional dan Syariah (Studi Kasus: Indonesia).
Abstrak: Berdasarkan sistem operasionalnya, Indonesia menganut sistem perbankan ganda yaitu konvensional dan syariah. Penerapan sistem bagi hasil dianggap telah menyelamatkan perbankan syariah dari krisis keuangan pada tahun 1998. Namun, beberapa penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem tersebut mendorong perbankan syariah mengambil lebih banyak risiko sehingga berpotensi menyebabkan kegagalan bank. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji perbedaan risiko insolvensi perbankan konvensional dan syariah di Indonesia periode 2009 sampai 2018. Dengan menggunakan Z-score sebagai indikator risiko insolvensi dari kedua perbankan, hasil uji beda menunjukkan bahwa secara statistik perbankan konvensional memiliki risiko insolvensi yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan syariah. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh perbankan konvensional memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik dalam menciptakan keuntungan dan menyediakan modal untuk mengatasi risiko kerugian.
Keyword: perbankan konvensional, perbankan syariah, risiko insolvensi, uji beda, Z-score

Judul: Determinants of Islamic and Conventional Banking Insolvency Risk: Study Case in Indonesia
Abstrak: Risiko insolvensi memiliki peran penting dalam perkembangan dan keberlanjutan industri perbankan. Penurunan kinerja keuangan akibat pandemi Covid-19 mengindikasikan bank rentan terhadap risiko insolvensi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi perkembangan dan menganalisis determinan risiko insolvensi pada perbankan syariah dan konvensional periode 2018 sampai 2023. Metode yang digunakan adalah Z-score, X-score, G-score dan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan faktor internal yaitu Loans to Assets pada Bank Umum Konvensional (BUK) Big Four berpengaruh negatif signifikan, Cost Income Ratio pada BUK berpengaruh negatif signifikan, Income Diversity tidak berpengaruh signifikan dan Total Aset pada Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai Z-score. Faktor eksternal yaitu Produk Domestik Bruto pada BUS dan BUK berpengaruh negatif signifikan dan Suku Bunga pada BUK berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap nilai Z-score. Perbankan syariah dan konvensional perlu menjaga tingkat kesehatan bank melalui penguatan permodalan, mempertahankan faktor-faktor yang signifikan terhadap Z score serta penelitian lanjutan dengan variabel dan objek yang lebih beragam untuk efisiensi dan stabilitas yang lebih baik., Insolvency risk has an important part in the development and sustainability of the banking industry. The fall in financial parameters due to the Covid-19 outbreak suggests that banks are at risk of insolvency. The purpose of study is to detect and assess developments in insolvency risk in Islamic and conventional banking between 2018 and 2023. Z-score, X-score, G-score, and panel data regression were the methods used. The results indicate that internal factors, namely Loans to Assets at the Big Four Conventional Commercial Banks (BUK), Cost Income Ratio at BUK, Income Diversity, and Total Assets at Islamic Commercial Banks (BUS), have a significant negative effect on the Z-score value. External factors, namely Gross Domestic Product at BUS and BUK, have a substantial negative effect, and Interest Rates at BUK have a significant positive effect on the Z-score value. Islamic and conventional banking must preserve the bank's health by increasing capital, retaining factors important to the Z-score, and conducting additional research with more diversified variables and objects to improve efficiency and stability.
Keyword: BUK, BUS, determinants of insolvency risk

Judul: Biology Of Columbia Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus Columbus Sher) On Soybean Excised Root Culture
Abstrak: S. Supramana, S. A. Lewis,.J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2001. Biology of Columbia lance nematod. ~ (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher) on soybean excised root culture. Nematropica 31 :283-2~)O. Feeding, egg development and oviposition, embryology, and postembtyonic development or Hoplolaimus col'lmbuswere observed on soybean (cultivar Hutcheson) excised root culture in Gam borg's B5 medium (pH 5.7,1.3% agar). Petri plate sterile cultures were placed inverted on a heated microscope stage (30°C) and observations were conducted using a color video camera and a time lapse digital videoca:;sette recorder. Oocytes were obsetved in each gonad 38 hours after feeding commenced and all egg possessing a terminal stalk was laid 96 hours later. Eggs were deposited it, the one-celled stag~ and a total of 217 hours (9 days) was required for a"newly laid egg to develop into a hatching second-stage juvenile at 30°C. Postembryonic development consisted of threejuvenile stages and an adult female with prior feeding occurring before molts and oviposition. The nematode fed ectoparasiticallyon the subepidermal cells and endoparasitically in the cortex and outer vascular tissue and remained at the infection site for 2·9 days. Key words: Columbia lance nematode, embryology, excised root culture, feeding behavior, HOfilo{aimus columbus, life cycle, oviposition, postembryonic development, soybean.
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