Judul: Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Study of Fatty Acid Derivatives as Lubricant Additive
Abstrak: Senyawa asam lemak dan turunannya telah dikenal dalam dunia tribologi sebagai sumber bahan baku bio-pelumas. Pengembangan senyawa baru dilakukan secara komputasi untuk dapat memilah sifat fisik aditif pelumas yang diinginkan sebelum disintesis di laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan struktur kimia senyawa turunan asam lemak dengan sifat fisiknya melalui hubungan kuantitatif struktur-aktivitas (HKSA). Metode yang digunakan adalah teori fungsi kerapatan dan perhitungan kimia kuantum untuk mendapatkan model persamaan matematis terbaik. Analisis regresi linier menghasilkan 2 model persamaan dari uji kinerja tingkat keausan pada nilai weld load dengan variasi 5%, 500N dan nilai wear scar diameter variasi 5%,150N yang telah divalidasi dengan metode leave one out. Melalui pendekatan deskriptor yang signifikan, yaitu energi total, momen dipol, dan kelunakan, senyawa aditif pelumas baru dapat dikembangkan. Berdasrkan pendekatan tersebut, senyawa stearoil dietanolamida diusulkan sebagai aditif pelumas baru karena memiliki kinerja terbaik pada nilai weld load dan wear scar diameter, yaitu 298.03 kg dan 0.29 mm, dengan persentase peningkatan kinerja weld load sebesar 24.18% dan 47.60% untuk wear scar diameter.
Keyword: density functional theory (DFT), fatty amide, leave one out (LOO), lubricant additives, quantum chemical calculation

Judul: Development of vegetable oil-based zincdifattyalkyldithiocarbamate lubricant additive production process
Abstrak: Dithiocarbamate is an organosulfur compound which has many functions and applications in the various industries. In the field of automotive and metal working, these compounds are used as additives lubricants, in agriculture as pesticides, in pharmaceuticals as an antioxidant. In this study, we synthesized Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates compounds using materials which were derived from vegetable oil. Furthermore, performance test of the synthesized product as antioxidant and antiwear-antifriction in lubrication system was carried out. Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes were synthesized by reacting primary fatty amines with acyl chlorides formed secondary fatty amides, continued with reducing the corresponding product to secondary fatty amines using LiAlH4, and finally secondary fatty amines were reacting with ZnCl2 and CS2, to formed Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates. Each corresponding of product were successfully synthesized with range of yield were 10 to 87, 17 to 96, and 77 to 87% respectively. The synthesis of primary fatty amines to secondary fatty amides, secondary fatty amides to secondary fatty amines, and secondary fatty amines to Zincdifattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes were evaluated from fourier transformation infra red (FTIR) spectrum quality with the wave number of 3300 cm-1 for NH vibration, 1639 cm-1 for C=O vibration, 1454 cm-1 for tioureida C-N vibration, 968 cm-1 for C-S vibration, and in the far infra-red area with the wave number of 387 cm-1 that showed the maximum absorption of M-S bond (sulfur metal). Besides using the FTIR spectrum, Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates complexes formation were also evaluated by Zinc-recovery test using atomic absorption spectrophotometer (AAS), and conformity purity test using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All variants of Zinc-difattyalkyldithiocarbamates synthesized were done using rancimat test method and four ball test method to determine the antioxidant activity and antiwear-antifriction activity. At the same concentration of 125 ppm, all variants of product showed the antioxidant activity higher than the BHA, BHT, and commercial additives control. The highest antioxidant activity was obtained by three variants of the Zinc-bis(dilauryl)dithiocarbamate, Zincbis( laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate, and Zinc-bis(laurylstearyl)dithiocarbamate. At the same concentration of 1.2%, all variants of product showed the welding point higher than the lube base oil HVI 60 as base lubricants, and US Steel 136 as extreme pressure standard additive, but only Zincbis( laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate and Zinc-bis(lauryloleyl)dithiocarbamate showed load wear index higher than both of these base lubricants and standard. Zinc-bis(laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate was the best of antioxidant and antiwearantifriction additive compared to others homologous compounds of product. Conversion of crude palm oil to palmityc acid, palmytic acid to hexadecylamine, and hexadecylamine to Zinc-bis(laurylpalmityl)dithiocarbamate additive can increase the value of the product. With assumption, the cost of raw material as Rp.8.520,-/kg and the product value Rp.1.210.000,-/kg, therefore industry will able to generate added value with Rp.8.135,-/kg, and Rp.6.290,-/kg of company profit.
Keyword: fattyamines, fattyamides, Zn-difattyalkildihtiocarbamates, antioxidant, antiwear-antifriction, added value, Vegetable Oil

Judul: Perilaku Harian Kakatua Besar Jambul Kuning (Cacatua galerita) di Mega Bird Orchid Farm Bogor.
Abstrak: Kakatua putih besar jambul kuning (Cacatua galerita) merupakan salah satu burung yang keberadaannya di alam semakin menurun. Berdasarkan PP No.7 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengawetan Spesies Tumbuhan dan Satwa, burung ini termasuk burung yang dilindungi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan pola perilaku harian kakatua putih besar jambul kuning di dalam kandang penangkaran di MBOF. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap dua pasang burung dengan metode ad libitum sampling dan focal animal sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perilaku yang teramati yaitu ingesti, lokomosi, istirahat, membersihkan tubuh, seksual dan bersuara. Hasil pengukuran suhu kandang kakatua putih besar jambul kuning di MBOF yaitu berkisar 23.1-32.8 oC dengan kelembapan 53.8-86.0%. Perilaku yang paling banyak dilakukan kakatua putih besar jambul kuning di MBOF adalah perilaku istirahat dengan frekuensi pada jantan 35% dan betina 42%. Perilaku yang paling sedikit dilakukan oleh kedua pasangan kakatua putih besar jambul kuning adalah bersuara dengan frekuensi jantan 1% dan betina 2%.
Keyword: Cacatua galerita, perilaku harian, MBOF