Judul: Uji Korelasi Konsentrasi Hara N, P, dan K Daun dengan Produksi Senyawa Bioaktif Kemuning (Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack) Akibat Aplikasi Pupuk Kandang Ayam
Abstrak: Orange jessamine has long been known as one of the plant containing secondary metabolite that is beneficial to human health due to its role as medicine. It contains secondary metabolite that is beneficial to human health such as lowering blood cholesterol levels, anti-obesity, and has the antioxidant capacity. Nutrient content related to production of biomass and bioactive compounds of M. paniculata optimization can be determined with correlation of leaf N, P and K concentrations through leaf tissue analysis. Persumably, there were differences in the N, P and K concentration in different positions and ages of leaves with chicken manure application. This research aimed to determine the optimum rate of chicken manure for the production of biomass and bioactive compounds and leaf N, P and K concentrations at different position of the leaves. Another purpose of this study was to obtain the correlation between leaf N, P and K concentration with bioactive compounds due to the application of chicken manure. The experiment was conducted on March to November 2014, at IPB Organic Experimental Station at Cikarawang which geographically located between 6o30' - 6o45' South Latitude and 106o30'-106o45' East Longitude, at 250 m above sea level in Bogor, Indonesia. The study used randomize complete block design with chicken manure rates as treatment, i.e. 0, 2.5, 5 and 7.5 kg per plant. Chicken manure was given at 30 months after planting (MAP). Plants were harvested twice (34 and 38 MAP) by keeping the plant height 75 cm above the soil surface. The results showed that the optimum rate of chicken manure to produce maximum weight of fresh and dry leaves at 34 MAP was 3.1 kg and 6.5 kg per plant, respectively. The chicken manure applied was sufficient for leaf production at first harvest (34 MAP) but insufficient for the second harvest (38 MAP). N concentration at young leaves and mature leaves and different positions did not significantly correlated with biomass and metabolites production at 34 and 38 MAP (P>0.05). K concentration of leaves at different positions in the plant and leaf age positively correlated with leaf dry weight (P <0.01), but negatively correlated with total flavonoid content (P <0.01). P concentration was negatively correlated with dry weight of young leaves on the fifth position, or mature leaves from all positions. Leaf N concentration was categorized very low (2.00-2.19%), low (2.21-2.33%) and optimum (2.40-2.52%). Leaf P concentration was high (0.26-0.29%) to very high (0.30-0.35%), whereas leaf K concentration was categorized high (1.33-1.84%) and very high (3.55-4.10%). Mature leaves of the fifth position determinate the orange jessamine plant K requirements at 34 MAP.
Keyword: antioxidant, leaf position, organic fertilizer, plant nutrient

Judul: Produksi Flavonoid Daun Kemuning (Murraya Paniculata (L.) Jack) Pada Dosis Pupuk Kandang Ayam Dan Abu Sekam Dengan Interval Panen Yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Kemuning telah digunakan secara tradisional sebagai tanaman obat karena mengandung metabolit sekunder yang memiliki fungsi sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri, analgesik, anti-inflamasi, penurun kadar kolesterol darah, anti-obesitas. Penerapan teknik budidaya dengan pemberian pupuk organik dan pengaturan interval panen dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi metabolit sekunder khususnya senyawa flavonoid. Diduga terdapat perbedaan produksi flavonoid daun kemuning akibat pemberian kombinasi dosis pupuk kandang ayam dan abu sekam dengan interval panen yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian kombinasi dosis pupuk kandang ayam dan abu sekam dengan interval panen yang berbeda terhadap produksi senyawa flavonoid tanaman kemuning. Percobaan lapangan dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Organik IPB, Cikarawang dengan letak geografi antara 6o30' - 6o45' LS dan 106o30'-106o45' BT, pada 250 m di atas permukaan laut (dpl), Bogor, Indonesia, pada bulan Juni 2014 - Februari 2015. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 faktor, yaitu faktor 1 terdiri dari 8 kombinasi dosis pupuk kandang ayam (PA) dan abu sekam (AS) yaitu tanpa pupuk (kontrol), 0 kg PA + 3 kg AS; 7 kg PA + 0 kg AS; 7 kg PA + 3 kg AS; 14 kg PA + 0 kg AS; 14 kg PA + 3 kg AS; 21 kg PA + 0 kg AS; 21 kg PA + 3 kg AS per tanaman, dan faktor 2 adalah interval panen (2, 3, dan 4 bulan). Tinggi pangkas panen adalah 75 cm dari permukaan tanah. Percobaan dilakukan dengan 4 kali pengulangan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi dosis pupuk kandang ayam dan abu sekam dengan dosis yang berbeda tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap semua peubah yang diamati. Interval panen 4 bulan nyata meningkatkan produksi daun berupa bobot basah dan kering daun total masing-masing sebesar 914.92 dan 258.53 g.tanaman-1. Interval panen 4 bulan menghasilkan aktivitas enzim Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase (PAL) (7.92 x 10-5 mg cinnamic acid eq.g bobot basah-1), produksi protein (7.96 mg.tanaman-1), flavonoid total (682.8 mg.tanaman-1), antosianin (1.178 mg.tanaman-1), dan aktivitas antioksidan (76.51%) tertinggi. Interaksi pemberian pupuk kandang dan abu sekam dengan interval panen tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap semua peubah pengamatan.
Keyword: abu sekam, aktivitas antioksidan, Phenylalanine Ammonia-lyase, antosianin, klorofil, pupuk kandang ayam

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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