Judul: Isolasi seleksi dan identifikasi mikroba penghasil GUM serta  optimasi jenis sumber karbon dan lama fermentasi
Abstrak: Gum merupakan polimer karbohidrat berantai panjang dengan berat molekul tinggi yang larut dan terdispersi dalam air menghasilkan peningkatan kekentalan. Produksi gum dari mikroba memiliki beberapa keuntungan antara lain: 1) merupakan sumber yang konsisten menghasilkan gum, 2) mengurangi ketergantungan akan sumber alami tanaman, dan 3) memungkinkan ditemukan gum baru dengan sifat-sifat unik yang belum diamati sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi mikroba penghasil gum yang berasal dari beberapa sumber, serta mencari kondisi fermentasi optimal untuk pembentukan polisakarida yang meliputi, pengaruh mineral, jenis sumber karbon dan lama fermentasi. Penelitian dilakukan melalui 4 tahap yaitu: 1) isolasi dan seleksi awal mikroba, 2) identifikasi mikroba, 3) seleksi mikroba penghasil biogum terbaik, dan 4) optimasi medium dan lama fermentasi. Bahan yang digunakan sebagai sumber isolat adalah molase, lendir dari tempat penjualan ikan, lendir dari akuarium, daun-daunan, bintil akar putri malu, bintil akar kacang panjang, dan sauerkraut. Sedangkan sumber karbon yang digunakan adalah sukrosa 4%, molase 0,5,10,15, dan 20% yang ditambah sukrosa sehingga mencapai kadar gula total 4%, gula pasir 4%, serta glukosa 4% dan 8%. Perlakuan lama fermentasi adalah 0, 1,2,3,4 dan 5 hari. Pada tahap isolasi diperoleh 70 isolat yang diseleksi menjadi 16 isolat mukoid berdasarkan penampakan visual, evaluasi taktil, dan pewarnaan biru alsian. Selanjutnya isolat diidentifikasi menggunakan kit API 20E karena semua isolat tersebut merupakan bakteri Gram negatif. Mikroba yang berhasil diidentifikasi adalah Klebsiella pneumoniae (7 isolat), Acinetobacter (1 isolat),
Keyword: 

Judul: Isolasi dan Seleksi Mikroba Penghasil Gum dari Sayuran Busuk, Lendir pada Tempat Pembuatan Tahu, dan Daun
Abstrak: Gum sangat berguna dalam industri karena dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai penstabil emulsi, flokulan, pengikat, pembentuk film, pelapis dan peredam gesekan. Gum diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga kelompok yaitu a)gum alami yaitu gum yang berasal dari tanaman, alga, hewan dan mikroba, b) gum sail modifikasigum alami atau semisintetik, dan c) gum dari sintesis kimia murni atau gum sintetik. pengembangan mikroba penghasil gum baru telah banyak dilakukan di luar negeri, tetapi di Indonesia eksplorasi tersebut belum banyak dilakukan. Dengan demikian terbuka peluang pengembangan mikroba yang berasal dari lingkungan sekitar yang berpotensi sebagi penghasil gum baru.
Keyword: 

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite