Judul: Kajian Perencanaan Pengembangan Usaha Tani Berbasis Murbei Berkelanjutan di DAS Lawo
Abstrak: Conversion of forest land to agriculture land without adequate soil and water conservation has resulted in increasing soil erosion and decreasing land productivity. Forest conversion to Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo watershed with inadequate soil and water conservation has increased the frequency and intensity of floods, decreased production of Mulberry leaves, and increased the extent of degraded land. The aim of this study were to (1) analyze the biophysical characteristics of Lawo Watershed for developingMulberry based farming systems, including evaluation of appropriateness of land capability with land user using USDA method and erosion prediction using USLE method; 2) analyze and develop sustainable Mulberry based farming system with characterized by the increasing farmer’s income that can support life wartheel living standard, using descriptive method of calculation; (3) develop optimal and sustainable mulberry based farming systems in Lawo watershed using multiple goal program method.. The results showed that Lawo watershed consists of 25 land unit (LU) with land capability class of class III, IV, and VI. The constraint factors for agriculture development are moderate to steep slope (l) and moderate erosion (e). Land characteristics in Lawo watershed is suitable for developing the mulberry (Morus sp) based farming systems. The type of mulberry based farming systems consists of monoculture farming system with 10 time harvest year-1 (M1), monoculture farming system with 6 harvesting time year-1 (M2), irregular-multi crop mulberry farming system mixed with other crop such as banana (M3), and mulberry farming system with cocoa (M-C). Results of the study showed that M1 plot has the lower run off and erosion (run off = 10.2 mm , 10.1 % from total rainfall and erosion = 0.3 ton ha-1). Run off and erosion from all Mulberry based farming system are lower than that from corn agriculture plot (run off = 33.3 mm, CA= 28.7%, dan erosion = 1.4 ton ha-1). The average size of Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo Watershed is one ha per farmer, the average size of household is 4 person per household, and the worthed living standard is Rp 28 350 000 ha-1kk-1year-1. Mulberry based farming system which were carried out by farmers were not sustainable because their income Rp 4 094 600 - 11 594 000 kk-1tahun-1 were only lower than worthed living standard and its erosion 53 ton ha-1 - 318.9 ton ha-1 were greater than tolerable erosion of 36.9 ton ha-1 - 43 ton ha-1. Therefore, the existing farming systems should be improved. The analysis showed that sustainable Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo Watershed can be achieved by fertilizer application both in-organic and organic fertilizer. The combination of fertilizer from caterpillar waste amounted to 1 kg plant-1 + 20 g TSP and KCl with soil application of 6 ton ha-1 rice straw mulch for slope less than 6% and grassed ridge terrace should be constructed on land with slope 12 - 18%. To increase farmer’s income, the Mulberry based farming system should also raise Goat (PE) at least 5 goats per year. The multiple goal program analysis showed that the optimal and sustainable mulberry based farming systems
Keyword: agrotechnology, erosion, income, land use, Mulberry

Judul: Kajian Perencanaan Pengembangan Usaha Tani Berbasis Murbei Berkelanjutan di DAS Lawo
Abstrak: Konversi hutan menjadi lahan pertanian yang tidak disertai penerapan konservasi tanah dan air yang memadai telah meningkatkan erosi tanah dan menurunkan produktivitas lahan. Alih fungsi hutan menjadi pertanian murbei dengan pengelolaan yang tidak memadai di DAS Lawo meningkatkan frekuensi dan intensitas banjir, menurunkan produksi daun murbei, dan meningkatkan sebaran lahan kritis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengkaji karakteristik biofisik DAS Lawo untuk pengembangan usaha tani berbasis murbei, meliputi evaluasi kecocokan penggunaan lahan dengan kemampuan lahan menggunakan metode klasifikasi kemampuan lahan (USDA) dan metode USLE; (2) Mengkaji pengembangan usaha tani berbasis murbei yang berkelanjutan dan dicirikan oleh pendapatan petani yang dapat mendukung kehidupan layak (KHL) dan prediksi erosi yang lebih kecil dari erosi yang dapat ditoleransikan; (3) Merumuskan usaha tani berbasis murbei yang optimal dan berkelanjutan di DAS Lawo menggunakan metode program tujuan ganda (PTG). Analisis penentuan usaha tani berbasis murbei yang berkelanjutan dilakukan menggunakan perangkat pengambilan keputusan (decision tool) dengan indikator ekologi (Erosi < E tol), ekonomi (Pendapatan > PKHL) dan sosial (agroteknologi bisa diterima dan diterapkan oleh petani). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa DAS Lawo terdiri dari 25 satuan lahan (SL) dengan kelas kemampuan III, IV, dan VI. Faktor penghambat utama adalah faktor keiringan lereng (l) yang tergolong landai sampai sangat curam, dan tingkat erosi (e) yang tergolong sedang. Karakteristik Lahan di DAS Lawo cocok untuk pengembangan tanaman murbei (Morus sp). Tipe usaha tani berbasis murbei di DAS Lawo terdiri dari usaha tani murbei monokultur dengan pola panen 10 kali setahun (M1), usaha tani monokultur dengan pola panen 6 kali setahun (M2), usaha tani murbei yang bercampur secara tidak teratur dengan tanaman lainnya diantaranya pisang (M3), dan usaha tani murbei dengan coklat (M-C). Hasil pengukuran aliran permukaan dan erosi pada petak erosi menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani M1 menghasilkan aliran permukaan dan erosi terendah (AP = 10.2 mm, 10.1 % dari total hujan dan erosi = 0.3 Ton ha-1). Semua tipe usaha tani berbasis murbei memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap erosi dan aliran permukaan. Nilai aliran permukaan dan erosi pada usaha tani berbasis murbei lebih rendah apabila dibandingkan dengan pertanian jagung (AP = 33.3 mm, CA= 28.7%, dan erosi = 1.4 ton ha-1). Rata-rata luas lahan petani di DAS Lawo adalah 1 ha. Jumlah anggota keluarga petani rata-rata 4 orang dan nilai KHL sebesar Rp. 28 350 000 kk-1 tahun- 1. Usaha tani berbasis murbei yang dilakukan oleh petani di DAS Lawo saat ini tidak berkelanjutan (unsustainable) karena pendapatannya hanya sebesar Rp 4 094 600 - 11 594 000 kk-1tahun-1.lebih kecil dibandingkan standar hidup layak. Berdasarkan indikator ekosistem, Erosi sebesar 53 ton ha-1 - 318.9 ton ha-1 > Etol yaitu > 36.9 ton ha-1 - 43 ton ha-1. Analisis menunjukkan bahwa usaha tani berbasis murbei yang berkelanjutan di DAS Lawo adalah dapat dicapai dengan penerapan agroteknologi pemupukan yaitu dengan mengkombinasikan pemberian pupuk anorganik dan organik berupa pupuk limbah pemeliharaan ulat sebanyak 1 kg tanaman-1 + 20 g campuran urea, TSP dan KCL dan penerapan konservasi tanah berupa pemberian mulsa jerami padi sebanyak 6 ton ha-1 untuk lahan dengan kemiringan lereng kurang dari 6%; dan pembuatan teras gulud dengan tanaman penguat teras pada lahan dengan
Keyword: agroteknologi erosi, Murbei, pendapatan, penggunaan lahan

Judul: Pengujian Virus Newcastle Disease Gen VII Isolat Lapang Sebagai Virus Standar Pada Uji Tantang Vaksin
Abstrak: This study was conducted to determine the standard of Newcastle disease virus Gene VII field isolate as a virus challenge to vaccine test. A virus suspension that has previously been tested by HA test then titrated with EID50 using 30 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) of 10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. In addition, chicken lethal dose50 (CLD50) test were used to determine the virus titer that could cause 50% death of the chicken population. The CLD50 test was used 25 day-old-chickens (DOC) divided into 5 groups. The virus was diluted from 10-1 to 10-8. The 104 to 10-8 dilution of NDV was infected to every group of chicken via eyedrop and intranasal with 0.1 ml/chicken dosage. Haemagglutination test showed that the allantoic fluid were contain high titers of NDV is 512 HAU. The infective NDV that had been titrated by EID50 test showed the virus titers is 109 EID50/0.1 ml or 1010 EID50/ml and the virus titers of CLD50 test e.i 106.48 CLD50/0.1 ml or 107.48 CLD50/ml. These results can be concluded that the NDV Gene VII field isolates were most appropriate to be used as a standard virus to vaccine test
Keyword: Newcastle Disease Virus Gene VII, HA tes, EID50 test, CLD50 test