Judul: Model pengelolaan pemanfaatan bahan bakar nabati biodiesel kelapa sawit di Jakarta dan sekitarnya
Abstrak: Research on biodiesel, is still a further study on the technical and economic aspects, while the ongoing research of integrated policy still not exists. Therefore it is necessary to do research on the use of palm oil biodiesel as biofuel that sustainable, especially in the area of Jakarta and its surrounding, such as part of Bogor, Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi .This study, in general aim to build a model of the management of palm oil biodiesel as biosolar in the such area on an ongoing basis. Object of the study limits the fuel distribution line administratively located in the Jakarta area. This research method is done by soft systems approach methodology (SSM), mainly using analytical techniques MDS (Multidimensional scaling), interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process), which supported by other methods such as brainstorming, expert survey (survey of experts) , face validity and policy analysis either hard system approach methodology (HSM), such as the economic feasibility analysis (BEP, B / C Ratio, NPV, IRR and Payback Period) and dynamic system analysis. The results of MDS analysis showed that of the five dimensions of sustainability, only environmental and technological dimensions beyond the sustainability index. While the other three dimensions (social, economic, and policy) have not met the limits of sustainability indexes. In general, the review of utilization of Biodiesel as biofuel from view point of economic is feasible but not sufficiently attracts the investment. At time being the existing regulation are still to be deployed in such manner in order to be workable, especially the local regulatory that in line with such program as shown in the result of policy content analysis result.. ISM analysis results show the structure of influence and interest levels conjunction to achieve the management of sustainable utilization of Biodiesel as biofuel. AHP results indicate that increasing the content of biodiesel is still a priority that must be done to support the management of sustainable utilization of Biodiesel as biofuel in the Jakarta area supported by following the price of raw materials, increasing the role of central government, and ensuring the availability of fuel in the Jakarta area. All analysis results can be developed as BBN model of management of sustainable utilization of palm oil biodiesel in Jakarta and its surrounding
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Judul: The effect of biodiesel utilization in transportation sector to pollutant emission and external cost: case study Jakarta, Efek penggunaan biodiesel pada emisi polutan dan biaya eksternal di sector transportasi : studi kasus Jakarta
Abstrak: Biodiesel development in Indonesia has been started since more than ten years ago but gained significant milestones in 2006 when the Indonesian government issued formally blending permit regulation of 10% biodiesel with mineral diesel fuel and PERTAMINA (Mineral oil State owned company) launched biodiesel blend B5 formally at public gasoline station with the trade name of BIOSOLAR. To continue reducing Indonesia’s dependency on fossil resources for its energy source and to improve the air quality level in its major cities, PERTAMINA has been expanding BIOSOLAR market at almost all fuel outlets in Java and will continuously open outlets in all parts of Indonesia. Moreover, the state owned company will increase the blending content at least up to B20 in 2025 as stated on President Decree No. 5/2006 regarding the National Energy Policy. Despite efforts by the government and Pertamina, broader commercialization of biodiesel in Indonesia could not achieve its target. The most significant hurdle found is its cost. In addition, the consumers mostly still consider the fuel price in selecting the fuel for their cars. Fluctuation of biodiesel price which is usually higher than that of mineral diesel and lack of subsidy given to biodiesel cause the price of biodiesel blend fuel is often higher than the standard mineral diesel fuel. On the other hand, the advantages of biodiesel such as a renewable energy, lower exhaust gas emission and effect to the longer engine life time is often ignored. Overcoming these drawbacks is by imposing the “polluter pay principle” which would internalize as many of the externalities. Having derived monetary values to reflect the external costs of differing technologies, the next step is to devise a mechanism for “internalizing” them into market pricBiodiesel development in Indonesia has been started since more than ten years ago but gained significant milestones in 2006 when the Indonesian government issued formally blending permit regulation of 10% biodiesel with mineral diesel fuel and PERTAMINA (Mineral oil State owned company) launched biodiesel blend B5 formally at public gasoline station with the trade name of BIOSOLAR. To continue reducing Indonesia’s dependency on fossil resources for its energy source and to improve the air quality level in its major cities, PERTAMINA has been expanding BIOSOLAR market at almost all fuel outlets in Java and will continuously open outlets in all parts of Indonesia. Moreover, the state owned company will increase the blending content at least up to B20 in 2025 as stated on President Decree No. 5/2006 regarding the National Energy Policy. Despite efforts by the government and Pertamina, broader commercialization of biodiesel in Indonesia could not achieve its target. The most significant hurdle found is its cost. In addition, the consumers mostly still consider the fuel price in selecting the fuel for their cars. Fluctuation of biodiesel price which is usually higher than that of mineral diesel and lack of subsidy given to biodiesel cause the price of biodiesel blend fuel is often higher than the standard mineral diesel fuel. On the other hand, the advantages of biodiesel such as a renewable energy, lower exhaust gas emission and effect
Keyword: Impact Pathway Analysis (IPA), Dispersion, Biosolar, Air Pollution, National Energy Diversification

Judul: Infectious laryngo tracheitis pada unggas
Abstrak: Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis merupakan penyakit pada unggas yang disebabkan oleh virus yang mempunyai sasaran saluran pernapasan bagian atas Penyebab penyakit Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis Univers (ILT) adalah virus yang termasuk kelompok virus Herpes sering disebut Tarpeia avium. Virus tersebut tersusun dari inti asam deoksi ribonukleat yang dilengkapi dengan pembung- kus yang merupakan derivat dari lemak serta mempunyai garis tengah antara 195-250 nano meter. Pada temperatur kamar virus tersebut dapat bertahan selama 15 hari dalam keadaan tanpa pengawetan. Virus penyebab Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis mempunyai kepekaan terhadap zat kimia golongan pelarut lemak seperti: phenol dan kresol. Induk semang definitip penyakit Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis adalah ayam, tetapi burung merak, itik dan kalkun pernah dilaporkan dapat terinfeksi. Mammalia dan golongan rodensia merupakan hewan yang tahan terhadap infeksi penyakit ini. Pada manusia penyakit Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan timbulnya gangguan neuralgia yang bersifat sub-akut akibat infeksi virus Herpes jenis lain yang disebut virus Sub-acute Myelo Optico Neuropathi (virus SMON).
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