Judul: Studi perilaku banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton 1832) di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Banteng (Bos javanicus d‟Alton 1832) is one of Artiodactyla and belongs to large ruminant class of mammal. Formerly, banteng was spread widely almost all over on Java Island forest (Hoogerwerf 1970). Banteng is one of rare species and included to wild species conservation category on year 1931 No. 266 which was decanted on Minister of Forestry Letter of Act No. 327/Kpts/Um/7/1972. Furthermore, on Red Data Book IUCN (1972) Banteng was categorized as „vurnerable‟ which means the population was decreasing quickly. Purpose of this study was to knowing and studying habitat, population, and several behavior pattern from Banteng in the Meru Betiri National Park. The behavior which observed consist of feeding, drinking, mating, resting, body caring, parenting, fighting, and individual relationship between banteng and another wildlifes which use the same habitat. Hopefully, the result of this research could add knowledge about habitat, population, and behavior of banteng and as consideration to decide the management plan of Meru Betiri National Park so that it can help the banteng conservation effort. This research was located on Meru Betiri National Park, East Java, in the area of SPTN I Sarongan, SPTN II Ambulu, and SPTN III Kalibaru. This research was conducted during two months from Juli until August 2010. There are two kind of data collection which used in this research, primary data and secondary data. The primary data consist of banteng behavior which use scan sampling and focal animal, banteng habitat condition which use line transect method, and banteng population which use concentration count method. The Banteng on Meru Betiri National Park spent their particulary time at plantation area except banteng at Betiri mountain areal which always lived inside forest. The Banteng on Meru Betiri National Park could adapt with the its environment. The frequent contact with human made the wild attitude of banteng had been started decreasing. There were relationship between banteng and another wildlifes which used the same habitat. Banteng has a grouping strategies, the male would be more aggresive on breeding season. On the spot locations, Sukamade dan Bandealit, banteng was salted in midnight when there was no human activities. Banteng behavior could change depending on condition around. In addition, each group of banteng was lead by an adult female banteng and the males would form protection formation if was on threat. The sex ratio of banteng on Sukamade Resort was 1:4 and on Bandealit Resort was 1:2 with number of population was 9 individu on Sukamade Resort and 69 individu on Bandealit Resort.
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Judul: Karakteristik habitat banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton 1832) di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Banteng (Bos javanicus d'Alton 1832) is one of the large mammals in Meru Betiri National Park (MBNP). IUCN 2008 Data Red List of Threatened Animals listed banteng as endangered species. Banteng is a protected species according to The Government Regulation of Republic of Indonesia No. 7 / 1999. The main problem of banteng in Meru Betiri National Park was invasion banteng to the private plantation area of PT. Perkebunan Bandealit and PT. Perkebunan Sukamade Baru. Therefore, study of banteng habitat characteristics was needed to determine food, water, and cover availability as basis for banteng conservation effort. This research was held in three National Park Management Sections (SPTN), including SPTN W I Sarongan, SPTN W II Ambulu, and SPTN W III Kalibaru. This research was held in July-August 2010. Structure and composition of vegetation studied using line transect method of vegetation analysis. The observation of banteng’s food plants was done through by observation of browsing signs. Measuring of productivity, palatability, and carrying capacity was done by making of plot sampling 1x1 m². Cover characteristics observation was done by identifying of cover types which used by banteng. The data of water sources characteristic was obtained by water resources inventory in each location. Banteng included to the intermediate group between grazer and browser ungulata. The types of banteng’s feed in study sites contained of 25 species, mostly obtained from the plantation area. Productivity of banteng’s feed in Banyuputih Block is 463,92 kg/ha/day for 16 banteng. The highest palatability of banteng’s feed at Banyuputih Block and Sikapal Block is paitan (Paspalum conjugatum). Most of cover used by banteng was tree canopy and bamboo which has the function as a protection from the sun. Most of water sources for drink are the river flow to the estuary. The water sources in location are Sumbersari River, Cawang River, Sanen Kali River and Banyuputih River. The preferable habitat of banteng was Banyuputih Block which contains plantation area and low land rain forest that provide feed, water and cover. Habitat function in TNMB is less than optimal caused by banteng moved to the plantation areal and it rendered wild hunting by local people. To overcome the problem, it is required intensive habitat management for banteng in order to prevent banteng enter the plantation area.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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