Judul: Karakterisasi Dan Optimasi Efisiensi Sel Surya Bst/Cuo Tergandeng Kristal Fotonik
Abstrak: Sel surya merupakan salah satu teknologi yang dikembangkan umat manusia untuk mengatasi kelangkaan sumber daya energi tak terbarukan. Kendala utama pengembangan sel surya khusunya di negara berkembang seperti Indonesia adalah biaya pembuatan dan komponen yang sangat mahal dibandingkan efisiensi operasional (persentase konversi energi matahari). Pembuatan sel surya dapat juga melalui bahan feroelektrik yaitu BST. BST memiliki sifat opto-elektronik (peka cahaya) dan secara teoritis memiliki efsiensi sebesar 6%. Tembaga oksida (CuO) merupakan material yang banyak diaplikasikan sebagai sel surya fotovoltaik. Semikonduktor CuO memiliki serapan optik yang tinggi pada cahaya tampak, tidak beracun, dan di fabrikasi dengan biaya rendah. Kristal fotonik mampu meningkatkan efisiensi film tipis BST. Kombinasi BST, CuO, dan kristal fotonik diharapkan mampu menjadi sel surya jenis baru. Film tipis BST diberikan perlakuan variasi dopant yaitu litium dan tembaga dan persentase jumlah dopant (1%, 3%, dan 5%) untuk meningkatkan sifat optik dan struktur BST. Film tipis CuO diberikan perlakuan variasi suhu annealing (350 °C, 450 °C, 550 °C) dan ketebalan lapisan (satu lapisan, dua lapisan, dan tiga lapisan) untuk meningkatkan sifat optik dan struktur CuO. Karakterisasi struktur film tipis BST dan CuO bertujuan untuk mengetahui mempelajari tingkat kekristalan bahan yang dibuat. Karakterisasi optik bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan mempelajari sifat optik yang merupakan faktor utama kualitas sel surya. Pengujian fotovoltaik bertujuan mendapatkan karakteristik fotovoltaik terutama efisiensi. Peningkatan efisiensi sel surya menggunakan kristal fotonik. Film tipis BST dan CuO telah berhasil dibuat dengan metode sol-gel dan teknik spin-coating. Karakterisasi optik memperlihatkan film tipis BST, BLST, dan BCST memiliki absorbansi daerah cahaya tampak dan mengalami penurunan energi gap seiring dengan bertambahnya jumlah dopant. Karakterisasi optik CuO menunjukkan film tipis CuO mengalami penurunan energi gap ketika suhu annealing ditingkatkan. Film tipis CuO pada suhu annealing 550 °C dan energi gap 1.98 eV digunakan untuk sel surya. Data fotokonduktivitas menunjukkan bahwa semua sel surya peka terhadap intensitas cahaya. Konduktivitas tertinggi yaitu adalah BLST 5% sebesar 9,1 x 10-7 S/cm dan BCST 3% sebesar 28,5 x 10-7 S/cm. Karakteristik fotovoltaik memperlihatkan efisiensi terbesar pada BST/CuO yaitu 0,009% dan adanya peningkatan arus pada pada semua sel surya. Sel surya BLST/CuO memiliki peningkatan efisiensi terbaik sebesar 57.82% karena bersesuaian dengan panjang gelombang PPB kristal fotonik.
Keyword: BST, CuO, kristal fotonik, sel surya

Judul: Synthesis and Characterization of Bulk- Heterojunction Hybrid Solar Cell Components Based on P3OT:PbS QDs
Abstrak: Energi fosil memiliki ketersediaan terbatas, disisi lain kebutuhan energi semakin meningkat. Hal ini menjadi alasan untuk mengembangkan energi alternatif yang bisa menggantikan energi fosil. Kandidat kuat dalam penyediaan energi alternatif adalah energi surya. Energi surya diubah menjadi energi listrik melalui proses efek fotovoltaik. Penelitian ini menyintesis dan karakterisasi komponen sel surya hibrid berbasis poly(3-octyltiophene) (organik) dan lead sulfide quantum dots (anorganik). Metode spin coating dipilih dalam pembuatan lapisan komponen sel surya karena beberapa kelebihannya. Penggunaan metode spin coating memiliki kelebihan diantaranya kontrol komponen kimia yang mudah, biaya operasi yang rendah, dan proses yang cepat. Hasil penelitian berupa data XRD dan properti optik. Berdasarkan data properti optik penambahan material organik dapat menggeser puncak serapan ke arah panjang gelombang lebih besar. Penambahan material organik juga memperlebar rentang serapan sel surya. Penelitian ini menandai langkah penting dalam upaya meningkatkan efisiensi dan ketersediaan teknologi sel surya dalam mendukung transisi menuju energi terbarukan yang lebih berkelanjutan., Fossil energy has limited availability, on the other hand, energy demand is increasing. This is a reason to develop alternative energy that can replace fossil energy. A strong candidate for providing alternative energy is solar energy. Solar energy is converted into electrical energy through the photovoltaic effect process. This research synthesizes and characterizes hybrid solar cell components based on poly(3-octylthiophene) (organic) and lead sulfide quantum dots (inorganic). The spin coating method was chosen to manufacture layers of solar cell components because of its several advantages. Using the spin coating method has advantages including easy control of chemical components, low operating costs, and a fast process. The research results are in the form of XRD data and optical properties. Based on optical property data, the addition of organic material can shift the absorption peak towards a larger wavelength. The addition of organic materials also widens the absorption range of solar cells. This research marks an important step in efforts to increase the efficiency and availability of solar cell technology to support the transition to more sustainable renewable energy.
Keyword: Bulk-Heterojunction, P3OT, PbS QDs, Hybrid Solar Cells, ZnO

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua