Judul: Pembuatan Silase Kepala Udang dengan Penambahan Asam Formiat dan Asam Propionat
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan asam formiat dan asam propionat (1:l) terhadap mutu silase selama penyimpanan. Rancangan percobaan yang diguilakan adalah rancangan split plot terblok dengan 2 faktor perlakuan. Perlakuan pertama adalah konsentrasi penambahan asam formiat dan asam propionat (1:l) (A) sebanyak 3.2, 3.4, 3.6, 4.7, 5.7, dan 7.7 persen. Perlakuan kedua adalah lama penyimpanan (B) selama 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 hari dan diteruskan penyimpanan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 minggu untuk silase yang masih baik mutunya.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Pulp Kopi Untuk Pembuatan Silase Dengan Menggunakan Kombinasi Asam Format dan Tetes
Abstrak: Pulp kopi merupakan limbah yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan biji secara basah. Umumnya limbah ini tidak dimanfaatkan sehingga dapat menimbulkan polusi serta pencemaran lingkungan. Oleh karena itu dicoba memanfaatkan pulp kopi untuk membuat silase yang nantinya dapat digunakan sebagai makanan ternak. Silase pulp kopi adalah produk yang dihasilkan dari proses fermentasi pulp kopi dengan tujuan pengawetan. Mutu silase dipengaruhi oleh kadar air pulp, derajat kematangan pulp, pH dan penggunaan bahan tambahan seperti asam dan mo- lase. Penggunaan bahan tambahan dimaksudkan untuk memperce- pat proses keasaman serta mencegah tidak terlalu banyaknya nutrisi yang hilang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan molase, asam format dan lama fermentasi terhadap mutu silase, serta mengetahui jumlah molase, asam format dan lama fermentasi yang tepat pada taraf yang diberikan, sehingga diharapkan bisa dihasilkan silase dengan kadar protein yang tetap tinggi dengan kadar tanin, kafein dan lignin yang cukup rendah. Selain itu juga dilakukan pengukuran terhadap kadar air dan derajat keasaman silase. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial Model Tetap dengan dua kali ulangan. Faktor yang dicobakan yaitu konsentrasi molase (A) sebanyak tiga taraf (3 persen, 4 persen, 5 persen), konsen- trasi asam format (B) sebanyak tiga taraf (8 persen, 10 per- sen, 12 persen) dan fermentasi (C) selama 21 hari, 31 hari dan 41 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar air silase me- ningkat pada fermentasi selama 21 hari, kemudian menurun hingga hari ke 41. Kadar air terendah (59.50 persen) didapat pada kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi molase sebanyak 3 per- sen, konsentrasi asam format 10 persen dan fermentasi selama 41 hari. Kadar tanin terendah (0.44 persen) didapat pada kombinasi perlakuan konsentrasi molase sebanyak 5 persen, konsentrasi asam format 12 persen dan fermentasi selama 41 hari…dst
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite