Judul: Meta-analysis: Microbial inactivation in milk using high pressure processing (HPP).
Abstrak: High-pressure processing (HPP) is a method of food preservation where food is processed under extremely high pressure, leading to the inhibition of bacteria and enzymes, and ensuring that food is safe for consumption. This meta-analysis aims to assess the inactivation effects of HPP on the microbial counts in milk. Analyses were performed using a comprehensive dataset containing 26 studies (432 data) selected using specific criteria. Data were analyzed using a random effects model and results are presented as raw mean differences (RMD) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results showed that spore-forming bacteria had the highest resistance to his HPP, followed by Gram-positive and then Gram-negative bacteria. A temperature range of 25–55 °C for vegetative cells and 55-90 °C for spores, a pressure of 400–600 MPa, and increasing the treatment time further enhance the efficiency of microbial inactivation. The results showed that HPP has a significant impact on inactivation of microbial counts in milk.
Keyword: bacterial inactivation, dairy, high-pressure processing, meta-analysis

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: UHT (Ultra High Temperature) is a thermal process given to milk in excess of pasteurization with time and temperature combination capable of rendering the product commercially sterilized. This research describe the microbiological study of imported UHT milk product in Indonesia. Thirty samples of UHT milk products were tested with several assays. The UHT process perfection test (Aschaffenburg test), the antibiotic detection test through Blaettchen assay and Yoghurt test, Total Plate Count assay for microbial counting, and Bacillus cereus confirmation test. B.cereus is an aerobic sporeformer that is commonly contaminate milk. B.cereus also could survive through heating process during UHT treatment. There were also report from Brazil on 1998 about a study where 34,17 % samples of UHT milk products have been detected positive for B.cereus contamination. The results of this research on imported UHT milk products showed 53,33% of the samples were true UHT milk, and 46,67% were sterilized milk The antibiotics residue test showed all of the samples did not contain antibiotics. The microbial detection test showed 20 samples (66,7%) of the 30 samples were contaminated by microbe. The B.cereus test showed 13,33% of the samples have been detected for B.cereus contamination
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii