Judul: Application of PGPR (Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria) and Membrane Bionanomaterials on Rice Germination as Agroforestry Opportunities in Peatlands
Abstrak: Laju degradasi lahan gambut di Indonesia yang semakin tinggi mengakibatkan produktivitas lahan semakin menurun. Hal tersebut berdampak pada pentingnya upaya optimalisasi lahan, salah satunya melalui pengembangan sistem agroforestri, serta pemilihan jenis tanaman adaptif. Padi Dendang merupakan salah satu varietas padi adaptif di lahan gambut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sifat tanah gambut yang dimanfaatkan untuk agroforestri, dan pengaruhnya terhadap perkecambahan padi Dendang dengan aplikasi PGPR serta membran bionanomaterials melalui uji in vitro dan in vivo. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah RAL faktorial dua faktor, yakni satu dosis PGPR, dan bionanomaterials (BNMs) yaitu tandan kosong kelapa sawit aktivasi (TA) dan non-aktivasi (TN), serta batang kelapa sawit non-aktivasi (BN) dan lignoselulosa (BL) dengan masing-masing 3 konsentrasi (1%, 3%, dan 5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pH tanah gambut sangat masam (3,60). Aplikasi PGPR dan BNMs mampu meningkatkan pH, N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, dan menurunkan kandungan Al. Pada uji in vitro, aplikasi PGPR berpengaruh nyata terhadap persen hidup, sedangkan BNMs berpengaruh sangat nyata pada kecambah normal dan abnormal, persen hidup, serta tinggi kecambah. Pada uji in vivo PGPR berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap persen hidup benih dan tinggi kecambah, sedangkan BNMs berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap daya kecambah dan potensi tumbuh maksimum., The rate of peatland degradation in Indonesia is getting higher, resulting in lower land productivity. This has an impact on the importance of land optimization efforts, one of which is through the development of agroforestry systems, as well as the selection of adaptive plant species. Dendang rice is one of the adaptive rice varieties in peatlands. This study aims to analyze the properties of peat soil used for agroforestry, and its effect on the germination of Dendang rice with the application of PGPR and membrane bionanomaterials in vitro and in vivo tests. The data analysis used was two-factor factorial RAL, namely one dose of PGPR, and bionanomaterials (BNMs) of namely activated (TA) and non-activated (TN) oil palm empty bunches, and non-activated oil palm trunks (BN). and lignocellulose (BL) with 3 concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%), respectively. The results showed that the pH of the peat soil was very acidic (3.60). The application of PGPR and BNMs was able to increase pH, N, P, K, Na, Ca, Mg, and decrease Al content. In the in vitro test, PGPR application had a significant effect on the survival rate, while BNMs had a very significant effect on normal and abnormal sprouts, percent survival, and sprout height. In the in vivo test, PGPR had a very significant effect on the percentage of seed survival and germination height, while BNMs had a very significant effect on germination and maximum growth potential.
Keyword: membrane bionanomaterials, peat soil, paddy Dendang, PGPR, germination

Judul: Application of Microfertilizers for the Growth of Swamp Jelutong (Dyera polyphylla (Miq.) Steenis) and Rice (Oryza Sativa L.) on Peat Soil
Abstrak: Degradasi dan deforestasi lahan gambut memerlukan rehabilitasi melalui penanaman spesies adaptif dan aplikasi pupuk. Jelutung rawa (Dyera polyphylla) dan padi varietas Inpara-2 (Oryza sativa) merupakan tanaman adaptif di lahan gambut yang dapat digunakan dalam rehabilitasi. Microfertilizers berbasis limbah kelapa sawit memiliki potensi untuk memperbaiki unsur hara tanah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah i) membuat formula microfertilizers berbasis limbah kelapa sawit, ii) menganalisis aplikasi microfertilizers terhadap unsur hara tanah gambut, dan iii) menganalisis aplikasi pupuk mikro terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman jelutung rawa dan padi di tanah gambut. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 1 faktor dan 3 ulangan. Faktor tersebut adalah jenis pupuk mikro yang terdiri dari mikro karbon teraktivasi (MT), mikro karbon tidak teraktivasi (MNT), mikro lignoselulosa (ML), mikro selulosa kristal (MK) dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 5%, dan 7%. Terjadi peningkatan pH tanah gambut (pH 7,70- 7,80) dan kandungan NPK. Pemberian 7% MT menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada jelutung rawa, sedangkan pemberian 3% MNT menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada padi., Peatland degradation and deforestation require rehabilitation through adaptive species planting and fertilizer application. Swamp jelutung (Dyera polyphylla) and Inpara-2 variety paddy (Oryza sativa) are adaptive plants in the peatland that can be used in rehabilitation. Oil palm waste-based microfertilizers have the potency to improve soil nutrients. The objectives of this research were i) to make a formula for oil palm waste-based microfertilizers, ii) to analyze the application of microfertilizers to the peat soil nutrition, and iii) to analyze the application of microfertilizers to the growth of swamp jelutung and paddy in peat soil. The experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 1 factor and 3 replications. The factor was the type of microfertilizers consisted of activated micro-carbon (MT), non-activated micro-carbon (MNT), microlignocellulose (ML), Micro-crystalline cellulose (MK) with concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5%, and 7%. There was an increase in the pH of the peat soil (pH 7,70-7,80) and NPK content. The 7% MT resulted in the best growth in Swamp jelutung while 3% MNT resulted in the best growth in paddy.
Keyword: adaptive species, oil palm waste, peat, survival rate

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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