Judul: Standard Requirements for the Ratio of Soluble and Insoluble Fiber in Laying Hens: A Meta-Analysis Study
Abstrak: Serat merupakan komponen nutrien penting dalam kandungan pakan ayam petelur. Berdasarkan kelarutannya di dalam air, serat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu serat larut (SL) dan serat tidak larut (STL). Proporsi kandungan serat larut dan serat tidak larut pada pakan harus tepat dan seimbang untuk mengoptimalkan performa produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis standar optimal antara perbandingan kandungan serat larut: serat tidak larut dalam ransum ayam petelur. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Meta-Analisis. Database ransum pakan diperoleh dari 32 publikasi scopus, dan hasil uji laboratorium terhadap bahan pakan. Parameter yang diamati antara lain konversi pakan (FCR), konsumsi pakan, konsumsi serat larut, konsumsi serat tidak larut, produksi telur (HDP), haugh unit (HU), dan berat telur. Analisis dataSehingga diperoleh kandungan SL dan STL pada masing-masing ransum pada artikel yang dikaji. Analisis data menggunakan metodologi model campuran dimana penelitian yang berbeda dianggap sebagai efek acak, dan rasio serat tidak larut: serat larut dianggap sebagai efek tetap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strain ayam petelur tidak berkorelasi dengan kebutuhan serat larut dan serat tidak larut. Serat larut berkorelasi terhadap FCR, konsumsi serat larut dan konsumsi serat tidak larut. Serat tidak larut berkorelasi terhadap konsumsi serat tidak larut dan berat telur. Serat larut dan serat tidak larut mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan persamaan Y= 0,075X2 – 0,3049X + 2,0709. Disimpulkan bahwa standar kebutuhan rasio kandungan serat larut dan serat tidak larut pada pakan ayam petelur adalah 1 : 2., Fiber is an important nutrient component in the diet of laying hens. Based on its solubility in water, fiber is divided into two categories, namely soluble fiber (SF) and insoluble fiber (ISF). The proportion between soluble and insoluble fiber content must be correct and balanced to optimalize production performance. This research aims to analyze the optimal standard between the ratio of soluble fiber (SF): insoluble fiber (ISF) content in the diet of laying hens. This research method used a Meta-Analysis approach. The database of feed rations was obtained from 32 scopus publications, and laboratory test results on feed ingredients. The parameters observed were Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Consumption, Soluble Fiber Consumption, Insoluble Fiber Consumption, Henday Production (HDP), Haugh Unit (HU), and Egg Weight. Data analysis used a mixed model methodology where different studies were considered as random effects, and the ratio of insoluble fiber (ISF): soluble fiber (SF) was considered as a fixed effect. The results showed that the strain of laying hens did not correlate with soluble and insoluble fiber requirement. Soluble fiber in the ratio correlates with FCR, SF consumption and ISF consumption. Insoluble fiber in the ratio correlates with ISF consumption and egg weight. Soluble fiber and insoluble fiber have a close relationship with the equality Y= 0.075X2 – 0.3049X + 2.0709. It is conclude standard requirements for the ratio of soluble fiber and insoluble fiber content in laying hens is 1: 2.
Keyword: Ayam petelur, Meta Analisis, Rasio Serat Larut dan Serat Tidak Larut, Serat Larut, Serat Tidak Larut

Judul: Pengaruh tingkat protein ransum terhadap penampilan produksi ayam petelur tipe medium fase kedua
Abstrak: Peningkatan produksi suatu usaha peternakan tidak akan terlepas dari tiga hal, yaitu makanan, pengelolaan dan pemuliaan, yang kesemuanya harus sejalan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Ternak Unggas, Jurusan Ilmu Produksi Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dari tanggal 12 September 1988 sampai tanggal 31 Januari 1989. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh Tingkat Protein terhadap Penampilan Produksi Ayam Petelur Tipe Medium Fase Kedua. Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam petelur tipe medium galur Shaver Starcross 579 yang berumur 42 minggu sebanyak 300 ekor. Ayam-ayam ini ditempatkan pada kandang sistem "litter". Pada tiap kandang diisi 20 ekor ayam secara acak. Ransum dan air minum diberikan ad libitum. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan, yaitu perlakuan pertama (R1), ransum dengan tingkat protein 18 persen; perlakuan kedua (R2), ransum dengan tingkat protein 16 persen dan perla- kuan ketiga (R3) ransum dengan tingkat protein 14 persen. Masing-masing perlakuan dilakukan analisis keragaman. Bila hasil analisis keragaman menunjukkan perbedaan maka dilanjutkan dengan menguji perbedaan rataan antar perlaku- an dengan Uji Jarak Duncan. Peubah yang diamati adalah produksi telur, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransum, bobot telur, bobot telur total, mortalitas dan "Income Over Feed Cost". Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat protein 18, 16, dan 14 persen dalam ransum menunjukkan pengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap produksi telur dan konversi ransum serta berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap bobot telur total, tetapi kandungan protein 18, 16 dan 14 persen tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi ransum dan bobot te- lur. Rataan produksi telur yang diberi ransum dengan tingkat protein 18, 16 dan 14 persen masing-masing 85.66, 78.15 dan 77.67 persen. Rataan konsumsi ransum masing- masing perlakuan adalah 135.33, 131.54 dan 134.73 gram. Rataan konversi ransum masing-masing perlakuan adalah 2.53, 2.67 dan 2.76. Rataan bobot telur masing-masing per- lakuan adalah 62.48, 63.00 dan 62.29 gram. Bobot telur talipa memcachiniian dan menyebutkan kumpor...dst
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite