Judul: Sintesis Superabsorben melalui Kopolimerisasi Pencangkokan Asam Akrilat pada Onggok Dialdehida
Abstrak: Cassava waste pulp (onggok) is a residual pulp obtained from starch industry. The purpose of this study is to modify the pulp through oxidation with NaIO4 followed by grafting and crosslinking copolymerization to obtain superabsorbent polymer (SAP). The carbonyl content measurement was utilized to determine the optimum condition for oxidation. Oxidation with 0.05 M NaIO4 for 1 hour and subsequent acetone washing solution gave the best result. Grafting and crosslinking of acrylic acid on the pulp backbone were performed with N,N’- methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker and ammonium peroxidisulfate as the initiator. The synthesis was carried out at 70–75 ºC for 3 hours, then the water absorptive capacity of the copolymer products were determined. Water absorptive capacity of SAP was 893.22 g/g in 24 hours. The maximum absorptive capacity of SAP in solutions with pH ranging from 2 to 11 was 915.26 g/g at pH 9, whereas the maximum absorptive capacity in salt solutions were obtained at 0.01 M NaCl, namely 137.42 g/g.
Keyword: absorptive capacity, acrylic acid, cassava, oxidation, superabsorbent

Judul: Pembuatan Superabsorben melalui Kopolimerisasi Onggok Dikarboksilat dengan Asam Akrilat
Abstrak: Onggok is a by-product from tapioca industry which has solid shape and usually one-fist sized. The main objective of this study was to synthesize superabsorbent polymer (SAP) from onggok dicarboxylic by grafting-crosslinking copolymerization. Onggok oxidation was done in 2 stages, first with NaIO4 and then with 3 variation treatments of H2O2. The oxidation product was copolymerized with acrylic acid monomer by using ammonium peroxydisulfate as initiator and N,N'-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker at 75 °C for 3 hours. Oxidation with 30% H2O2 produced high carboxyl content, but the absorption capacity of the copolymer product was lower than oxidation with 3% H2O2 producing lower carboxyl content. Neutralization of product with the highest absorption capacity increased the absorption capacity as much as 55%. The maximum absorption capacity in salt solutions was 95.91 g/g observed in 0.01 M NaCl, while in solutions with various pH, it was achieved at pH 7. The structure of SAP was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometry method.
Keyword: superabsorbent, oxidation, hydrogen peroxide, onggok, acrylic acid

Judul: Ragam jenis ektoparasit burung tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis) dan burung puter (Streptopelia bitorquata) di penangkaran
Abstrak: Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove are the bird species that are easily raised in captivity. Nevertheless, good management is required to successfully breed and raise the birds in captivity; otherwise, the condition may endanger the sustainability of the two bird species. Information on ectoparasites on the bodies of this bird as well as their captivity breeding has not been available, although admittedly taking ectoparasites from these bird families has much been done so that a research is obviously needed. This study aimed to find out various kinds of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove ectoparasites and to learn various kinds of parasitic insects around the Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages. The study was conducted from April to June 2010. The methods of data collection included the general condition of the location, collection of ectoparasites specimens, processing and specimens identification. The data analysis was done descriptively and tabulated with the degree of infestation. The kinds of ectoparasites from the class of insects found in the body of Spotted dove were Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae of phthiraptera order and Pseudolynchia canariensis of diptera order, and arachnida class, that is, tungau from the pterolichidae family. In terms of ectoparasites, Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove were similar, except that Javan turtle dove had no Pseudolynchia canariensis. Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae were mallopaga order (biting lice) and were obligate. The kinds of parasitic insects in the vicinity of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages were from the Ordo Diptera. The diptera classified as parasites included Anopheles, Culex, Psychodidae, Culicoides and Simulium, most of them vectors of disease. The presence of ectoparasites was closely related to how a breeding place is managed.
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