Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: 

Judul: Tropical Cyclone Activity during El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and its Impact to Rainfall
Abstrak: El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) sebagai faktor pengendali iklim yang memengaruhi kondisi cuaca dan iklim secara global, turut memengaruhi kejadian Siklon Tropis (TC). TC sebagai salah satu fenomena alam yang berbahaya juga memberi dampak terhadap kondisi cuaca di wilayah Indonesia yang lokasinya berdekatan dengan pusat pembentukan TC. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh ENSO terhadap aktivitas TC di Western North Pacific (WNP) dan South Pacific (SP) serta menganalisis dampak TC terhadap curah hujan (CH) di Indonesia menggunakan analisis statistik. Parameter TC ditunjukkan dengan indeks ACE yang diuji dengan nilai ENSO dan CH. Pengaruh ENSO terhadap ACE signifikan di WNP dengan nilai r sebesar 0,62 sedangkan di wilayah SP tidak signifikan dengan nilai r 0,03. Korelasi yang kuat antara ENSO-ACE diakibatkan pergeseran pusat pembentukan TC ke arah Pasifik Tenggara yang meningkatkan akumulasi nilai ACE. TC berdampak pada penurunan CH di wilayah Indonesia bagian utara dan selatan. Terdapat korelasi signifikan antara ACE-CH di wilayah utara dengan r cukup kuat -0,47 sampai -0,5, sementara di wilayah selatan, pengaruhnya tidak signifikan dengan r sangat lemah yaitu -0,13 sampai 0,09. TC menyebabkan anomali arah angin yang membawa uap air menuju ke arah timur sehingga lebih sedikit uap air yang tersedia untuk presipitasi lokal di wilayah Indonesia., El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is one of the main climate drivers affecting weather and climate conditions around the world, including Tropical Cyclone (TC). TC as one of the most dangerous natural phenomenon also affected the Indonesian region, especially in the area located near TC‟s basins. This study aims to analyze the effect of ENSO on TC‟s activities in Western North Pacific (WNP) and Southern Pacific (SP) and analyze the effect of TC on rainfall in Indonesia using statistical analysis. TC‟s parameter presented by TC‟s index, Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE). ACE value was tested with another parameters (ENSO index and rainfall) using correlation and significancy test. ENSO-ACE has strong correlation (r 0,62) in WNP region and very low correlation (r 0,03) in SP. The strong correlation of ENSO-ACE indices was due to shift eastward movement of the TC‟s genesis that increased the accumulation of ACE. WNP‟s ACE indices has moderate correlation (r -0,47 to -0,5) with rainfall in Northern Region, while SP‟s ACE index has very low correlation (r -0,13 to 0,09) with rainfall in Southern Region. When TC happened in El Nino years, the eastward TC genesis brought moisture air in Indonesia and reduced the local precipitation.
Keyword: Accumulated Cyclone Energy (ACE), rainfall, Southern Pacific      (SP), Tropical Cyclone (TC), Western North Pacific (WNP)

Judul: Kajian Proses Pembuatan Gelatin dari Hasil Ikutan Tulang Ayam dalam Kondisi Asam.
Abstrak: Di Indonesia gelatin masih merupakan barang impor. Selama ini gelatin di impor dari Eropa dan Amerika yang bahan baku pembuatannya kebanyakan berasal dari kulit babi, meskipun ada juga gelatin dari tulang sapi atau kulit sapi. Dengan demikian diharapkan pembuatan gelatin dari tulang ayam merupakan alternatif produk halal yang dapat dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia yang sebagian besar muslim.
Keyword: