Judul: Cultivation Medium Selection and Optimization Agitation Speed of Bacterial Cellulose Production by Acetobacter pasteurianum in Shaking Culture
Abstrak: Bacterial cellulose is cellulose produced by microbe especially Acetobacter strain. So far, production process of bacterial cellulose which commonly use is static culture. At this culture, production mean per culture volume (rendemen) can be improved madely culture as shallow as possible. But, this matter require wide area to grow culture and impractical for the mass production scale (Okiyama et al., 1992 in Son et al., 2001). Therefore it needed an economic and practical mass production method to produce bacterial cellulose. Shaking Culture and agitated culture are potentials method for mass production method of bacterial cellulose due to not require wide place to grow the culture and fermentation time relative quickly. This research objectives are to obtain suitable cultivation medium (type of carbon and nitrogen source) and optimum agitation speed in producing bacterial cellulose by A. pasteurianum in shaking culture and also its kinetic aspect parameter. Optimization of agitation speert was carried out to obtain optimum agitation speed of cell propagation and production bacterial cellulose. This research was carried out in three steps. First step was selection of cultivation medium. Composition of cultivation medium, which were used in this step. was modification of CSL-Fru medium. This modification had done by substituted vitamin mix, mineral mix and CSL (Com Steep Liquor). Modification had also done to Cill"bon and nitrogen source of CSL-Fru medium. Meanwhile, the fixed material of CSL-Fru medium were 0.1 % w/v KHzP04.and 0.25 % WI" MgS04.7H20. Experiment design in this step was factorial complete random design with two treatment and two replications. First treatment factor was type of carbon source (C). which comprised four levels, that were 4.03 % w/v fructose (CI), 4.43 % WI" glucose (C2), 3.83 % WI" sucrose (C3), and 4.08 % WI" sorbitol (C4) . . Second treatment factor was type of nitrogen source (Y) comprised four level, that were 0.73 % WI. (NH.)zSO, (Yl ), 0.5 % WI. (NH.)zS04 + 0.5 % WI. yeast extract (Y2) and 1.57 % WI. yeast extract (Y3). Concentration of each level of treatment factors were made different in order to have equal weight of carbon atom and nitrogen percentage with CSL-Fru medium. that is 1.62 g weight of carbon atom and 0.1924 % nitrogen percentage. Analysis in this step was yield of dried pure bacterial cellulose. First research step was begun with refreshing isolate (slant agar medium. pH = 4.5, 4 day and 30 0C), then cell propagation (3 ose, statically, 100 ml working volume in 300 ml erleruneyer flask, pH = 5, 3 day, and room temperature) and production of bacterial cdlu!ose (5 % v/v inoculu..rru:, 100 rpm, 100 m1 working volume in 300 ml erlenmeyer flask, pH = 5. 7 day, and room temperature). Second research step was the assessment of optimum agitation speed. Cultivation medium in this step was the best medium that had obtained from first research step. The research was carried out by factorial complete random design with two treatments and two replications. First treatment factor was cell propagation agitation speed (A), which comprised four level, that were 0 rpm (AI), 80 rpm (A2), 160
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Judul: Studies of  microbial cellulose production through two stage cultivation
Abstrak: Acetobacter xylinum is a bacteria that can synthesize cellulose when grown in culture both static and agitated culture. In this study, cultivation is done through two stages, first stage of cultivation (agitated culture system) for 24 hours with a shaker speed of 150 rpm and cultivation of the second stage (static culture system) for 14 days. The addition of sucrose content sucrose 0%, 5%, and 7.5%. The shaker speed at 100 rpm , 150 rpm, 200 rpm, and 0 rpm as a control treatment. Additional media used is (NH4) 2SO4 0.6 g/l, K2HPO4/KH2PO4 5.0 g/l, yeast extract 2.5 g/l, and 2% glacial acetic acid. Production of microbial cellulose occurs fastest in the sample with the addition of sucrose 0% with a shaker speed of 100 rpm which began on day 5 and reached a maximum on day 10. Bacterial cellulose wet weights of 454.89 g/l, dry weight of 11.09 g/l, and the value Y(p/s) at 0.43.
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Judul: Perdagangan Ilegal Satwa Liar Dilindungi di Indonesia Berdasarkan Data Kasus Selama Tahun 2009 – 2018
Abstrak: Kasus perdagangan satwa liar di Indonesia terjadi karena banyaknya permintaan dari pasar, akses yang mudah untuk mendapatkan sumber daya alam dan melakukan pengiriman, juga karena kurangnya pengawasan dari aparat penegak hukum. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi bahwa taksa burung memiliki tingkat tertinggi untuk perdagangan satwa liar (38.03%). Bagian tubuh burung yang paling banyak diperdagangkan adalah paruh sekitar 306 buah, bagian tubuh reptil yang paling banyak diperdagangkan adalah kulit 9 479 lembar, dan bagian tubuh mamalia yang paling banyak diperdagangkan adalah daging beku sebanyak 2 510 kg . Kasus perdagangan satwa liar di Indonesia dari tahun 2009 - 2018 mengalami kenaikan. Kasus terbanyak yang telah diselesaikan adalah di Jawa Timur sebanyak 52 kasus. Banyak pihak seperti organisasi non-pemerintah, BBKSDA, dan KLHK memiliki program penyadartahuan masyarakat mengenai perdagangan satwa liar sehingga masyarakat dapat turut serta mencegah perdagangan satwa liar di Indonesia.
Keyword: kesadaran masyarakat, penegakan hukum, perdagangan satwa liar