Judul: Efficacy of Streptococcus agalactiae Oral Vaccine with Different Doses in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstrak: Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan salah satu komoditas air tawar unggulan yang mengalami peningkatan produksi, namun masih belum memenuhi target produksi setiap tahun. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh penyakit streptococcosis di pembesaran ikan nila yang penyebabnya adalah Streptococcus agalactiae. Vaksinasi adalah salah satu upaya penanggulangan penyakit ikan yang dapat diaplikasikan secara oral melalui pakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efikasi vaksin oral Streptococcus agalactiae pada ikan nila dengan penerapan dosis yang berbeda serta menganalisis sistem imun spesifik dan nonspesifik ikan nila yang divaksinasi. Ikan nila yang digunakan memiliki bobot awal 10,72 ± 0,95 g dan panjang 8,72 ± 0,44 cm. Pemeliharaan berlangsung selama 30 hari dan uji tantang selama 14 hari dengan bakteri S. agalactiae. Perlakuan yang diterapkan meliputi kontrol negatif (K-), kontrol positif (K+), 105 CFU/g pakan (A), 107 CFU/g pakan (B) dan 109 CFU/g pakan (C). Setelah vaksinasi, ikan dipelihara selama 30 hari dan diberi pakan komersial secara at satiation. Hasil penelitian menunjukan aplikasi vaksin oral mampu meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup relatif, serta respons imun berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dibandingkan kontrol. Vaksinasi dengan dosis 107 CFU/g pakan sudah dapat memberi proteksi terhadap serangan S. agalactiae dan meningkatkan kekebalan spesifik yang terlihat pada peningkatan level antibodi., Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the leading freshwater commodities which has increased production, but it still does not meet the annual production target. This is caused by streptococcosis disease which is the cause is Streptococcus agalactiae in the grow-out of tilapia. Vaccination is one of the efforts to control fish diseases that can be applied orally through the feed. This study aimed to test the efficacy of Streptococcus agalactiae oral vaccine in tilapia with different doses applied and analyze the specific and non-specific immune systems of vaccinated tilapia. The tilapia used had an initial weight of 10,72 ± 0,95 g and a length of 8,72 ± 0,44 cm. Maintenance lasted for 30 days and trials for 14 days with S. agalactiae. The treatments applied included a negative control (K-), positive control (K+), 105 CFU/g feed (A), 107 CFU/g feed (B), and 109 CFU/g feed (C). After vaccination, fish were reared for 30 days and fed commercial feed on at satiation. The results showed that oral vaccine application was able to increase relative survival and immune response and was significantly different (P<0,05) compared to controls. Vaccination with a dose of 107 CFU/g of feed was able to provide protection against S. agalactiae attacks and increase specific immunity as seen in the increase in antibody levels.
Keyword: dose, tilapia, protection, Streptococcus agalactiae, oral vaccine

Judul: Vaksinasi Oral pada Induk Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dan Ketahanan Larva  yang Dihasilkan Terhadap Infeksi Streptococcus Agalactiae
Abstrak: Pencegahan terhadap penyakit streptococcosis yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae pada ikan nila salah satunya adalah dengan vaksinasi.Transfer kekebalan maternal pada induk ikan merupakan upaya mengantisipasi angka kematian larva ikan pada umur kurang dari satu bulan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas pemberian vaksin dengan metode oral yang diberikan pada induk ikan nila, untuk meningkatkan imunitas induk ikan nila dan ketahanan larva yang dihasilkan terhadap infeksi S. agalactiae. dst ..., One of the prevention activity against streptococcosis caused by the Streptococcus agalactiae in tilapia with vaccination. Transfer of maternal immunity from to broodstock is an effort to anticipate the mortality rate of fish larvae on the age of less than one month. The study aimed to test the effectiveness of administration of vaccines by the method of oral method to be given to tilapia broodstock, to increase the immunity of tilapia broodstock and the resistence of the resulting larvae to S. agalactiae infection. dst...
Keyword: Larvae, Oral, S. Agalactiae, Vaccination

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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