Judul: Karakteristik ekosistem mangrove pada pulau-pulau kecil di Taman Nasional Wakatobi Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan komposisi, kerapatan, keanekaragaman spesies, sebaran kelas diameter batang, pola zonasi mangrove, permudaan alami mangrove, menentukan kondisi komunitas mangrove dan menguji hubungan antara pola vegetasi mangrove dengan faktor abiotik di Pulau Kaledupa, Derawa dan Pulau Hoga Taman Nasional Wakatobi, serta hubungan zonasi mangrove di pulau Kaledupa dengan tinggi penggenangan. Sampling vegetasi dilakukan dengan metode transek garis dan metode plot (Muller - Dombois & Ellenberg 1974; Cintron et al. 1980; Cintron & Novelli 1984). Dari masing-masing pulau dibuat 3 buah garis transek secara kontinyu memotong komunitas mangrove, mulai formasi mangrove paling depan (arah laut) sampai formasi paling belakang (arah darat), dengan luas plot 10 x 0 m. Jumlah total plot di Pulau Kaledupa sebanyak 101 plot, Pulau Derawa 35 plot dan di Pulau Hoga 23 plot. Dari masing-masing plot didata, meliputi nama spesies, ukuran lingkar batang setinggi dada (dbh), dan jumlah individu masing-masing spesies mangrove strata pohon, tiang dan strata sapihan. Untuk strata semai didata nama spesies dan jumlah individu masing-masing spesies. Pengambilan contoh subtrat mangrove menggunakan bor tanah (corer) dengan teknik composite sample pada setiap plot pengamatan. Pengambilan data periode dan tinggi penggenangan air pasang menggunakan suatu alat dan metode yang dikembangkan sendiri oleh peneliti. Data sekunder meliputi : letak geogafi, kondisi topografis, kualitas perairan, potensi sumberdaya dan permasalahan dalam pengelolaan sumberdaya laut serta aksesibilitas kawasan dari Balai Taman Nasional Wakatobi dan Bapeda Kabupaten Wakatobi. Data iklim Sulawesi Tenggara dan data curah hujan Kabupaten Wakatobi dari Stasiun Meteorologi Maritim Kendari. Analisis struktur vegetasi meliputi : Kerapatan Relatif (KR), Dominansi Relatif (DR), Frekuensi Relatif (FR), dan Nilai Penting (NP) dari masing-masing lokasi penelitian, mengacu rumus Cox, (1979). Keanekaragaman spesies menggunakan Indeks Shannon-Wienner, kekayaan spesies dengan Margalef Indeks, dan kemerataan spesies dengan Pielou Indeks. Penentuan zonasi mangrove menggunakan nilai kerapatan relatif masing-masing spesies dari setiap plot pengamatan. Nilai kerapatan relatif ini kemudian diplotkan pada bidang 2 dimensi. Penentuan permudaan alami mangrove mengacu pada SK Direktur Jenderal Kehutanan No.60/Kpts/DJ/I/1978 tentang pengelolaan hutan mangrove/ sylvikultur hutan payau. Penentuan sebaran kelas diameter batang menggunakan kriteria Daniel et al. (1979); Barbour et al. (1987). Data tentang tanah diketahui melalui analisis laboratorium, meliputi pH dengan metode analisis Elektrometri/pH-Meter, salinitas dengan Hand-Refraktometer, N dengan metode K-jedahl, P dengan Spektrofotometer (Bray I), K dengan metode Gravimetri, bahan organik tanah dengan Spektrofotometer, dan tekstur tanah dengan saringan bertingkat. Statistik ANOVA dimanfaatkan untuk melihat perbedaan faktor...dst
Keyword: faktor abiotik, pulau-pulau kecil, Taman Nasional Wakatobi, zonasi, vegetasi mangrove

Judul: Ecosystem characteristics of mangrove at small islands of wakatobi national park, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: The study was aimed to elaborate structure and composition of mangrove vegetation and to examine relationship between mangrove vegetation pattern and abiotic factors in Kaledupa, Derawa and Hoga Islands in Wakatobi National Park. Sampling of vegetation was done continuously across mangrove community, starting from front (seaward) vegetation formation to the inner formation (landward) by line transect and plot methods. Structure and composition of were determined through vegetation analysis with parameter including frequency, relative frequency, density, relative density, dominance, relative dominance, importance value, zonation determination, natural regeneration, distribution of stem diameter (diameter et breast high) and status of mangrove community. Species diversity was analyzed using Shannon Wiener Index. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used to see difference of abiotic factors among islands and Duncan-test to examine abiotic factors having significantly different responses (p = 0,05). 20 species of true mangrove were found and the largest species was found in Kaledupa Island. Distribution of mangrove vegetation species in the study areas was supposed to be related to wave protection, siltation, and freshwater input. The highest total individual density was found in Kaledupa Island and the lowest one was found in Derawa Island. Species of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza (L.) Lamk., and Rhizophora mucronata Lamk with the highest density was found in Derawa Island. Diversity Index of mangrove vegetation species was chategorized as low. Species having a good natural regeneration was found at Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob., and Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Kaledupa Island, and Osbornia octodonta F.v.M Hoga Island. For genus of Rhizophora besides reproduce through seed/propagule, it is also reproduce vegetatively through branches. Environmental factors of soil having significant relationship with the community pattern in this study were: pH, Kalium (available), and Salinity. Content of soil organic material, Nitrogen (total), Phosphate (available) and soil texture (silt, clay and sand) did not show a significant relationship with the community pattern of mangrove vegetation community. Zonation pattern of mangrove vegetation was only found in Kaledupa Island. Mangrove zonation Kaledupa Island consisted of four zones. Successively, from the seaward to the landward were Rhizophora mucronata Lamk., Rhizophora apiculata Bl., Ceriops tagal (Perr.) C.B. Rob., Ceriops decandra (Griff.) Ding Hou zone. Height of seawater inundation was factor having significant relationship with zonation pattern. Distribution of diameter classes was chategorized as J-shaped graph model. Status of mangrove community in this national park was classified as damaged class due to human activities.
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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