Judul: The Effect Of Selenium, Methionine And Iodine Supplementation On Growfh And Intelligence Of Young Rats Derived From Rats With Iodine Deficiency
Abstrak: Gangguan Akibat Kekurangan Iodium yang masih merupakan salah satu masalah utama gizi masyarakat Indonesia dan masalah utama gizi masyarakat dunia perlu segera dipecahkan (DepKes RI, 1998; WHO, 1995). Iodotironin-5'-deiodinase tipe I yang mengatalisasi perubahan T 4 menjadi T 3 dan glutation-peroksidase yang masing-masing mengandung selenium dan sistein, sangat berperan dalam sintesis dan diferensiasi protein (Combs and Combs, 1986; Arthur et al., 1993; Combs, 1999). Informasi tersebut menunjukkan bahwa selenium, metionin, dan iodium diduga sating berinteraksi mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kecerdasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis suplementasi selenium, metionin, dan iodium yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan dan kecerdasan optimum anak tikus dari induk kekurangan iodium. Penelitian terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Nopember 1996 sampai Juni 1997, menggunakan tikus keturunan galur wistar umur 95 hari yang diberi ransum basal cukup enerji tetapi kurang protein dan kurang iodium. Rendahnya tingkat reproduksi (78%) dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup (70%) serta tingginya angka kematian (22%) anak tikus pada percobaan pertama mendorong dilaksanakannya percobaan kedua. Percobaan kedua yang dilaksanakan dari bulan Nopember 1997 sampai Juni 1998, menggunakan tikus keturunan galur wistar umur 95 hari yang diberi ransum basal cukup enerji dan cukup protein tetapi kurang iodium., The objective of this research is to study the effect of selenium, methionine and iodine supplementation on optimal growth and intelligence of young rats derived from rats with iodine deficiency. This research was conducted at the Diponegoro Unit Research Station, Ministry of Health, 6 Salemba Jakarta, from November 1996 until June 1997 (Exp 1) and Nopember 1997 until June 1998 (Exp 2). Recent but unequivocal finding suggested that the effective utilization of iodine depended on the selenium-containing enzyme Type I Iodothyronine-5' -Deiodinase, IOI, and thus utilization of iodine was influenced by selenium status. Selenium and methionine are two essential component of ID-I; therefore in this research selenium, methionine and iodine were supplemented in the diet. The research comprised of two experiments: 1) the experimental rats were fed diets containing adequate energy but low protein and low iodine (Exp I), 2) the experimental rats were fed diets containing adequate energy and protein but low iodine (Exp 2). Exp 2 was conducted due to the low productivity (78%) and high mortality (22%) of the young rats in Exp 1. A complete randomized design with three factorial treatments i.e. three supplementation levels of selenium (0.000, 0.046, 0.092 ppm), methionine (0, 350, 700 ppm) and iodine (0.000, 0.153, 0.306 ppm), with three replicates for each treatment; therefore there were 27 combination of treatment diets in each experiment. There were two control groups in Exp 1: A negative control group fed basal diet with no supplementation, and a commercial group fed commercial diet. There were three control groups in Exp 2: A negative control group fed basal diet with no supplementation, a commercial control group fed commercial diet and a positive control group fed basal diet supplemented with selenium, methionine and iodine according to the requirement level. The wistar derived rats used in these experiments were fed commercial diets since they were born. By the age of 95 days the rats were fed basal diet.
Keyword: Rat, Selenium, Methionine, Iodine, Supplement, Deficiency, Growth, Intellegence

Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Suplemen Selenium dan Iodium terhadap Profil Darah, Status Gizi dan Skor IQ Anak dengan Tanda Khas Kretin
Abstrak: Gangguan akibat kurang iodium (GAKI) masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama pada anak sekolah dasar yang tinggal di daerah endemik GAKI. Kondisi ini diperparah dengan adanya masalah kurang energi protein baik yang diukur menggunakan indikator berat badan maupun tinggi badan anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur parameter biokimia, status gizi, skor IQ dan jumlah tanda khas kretin pada anak yang tinggal di daerah endemik GAKI. Desain penelitian menggunakan Experimental Kuasi dengan sampel anak umur 9-12 tahun yang masih aktif dan tercatat di sekolah dasar (SD) daerah endemik GAKI, Boyolali Jawa Tengah. Jumlah sampel 115 anak penderita GAKI dengan 6-11 tanda khas kretin. Sampel dipilih secara purposive tetapi SD dialokasikan secara random ke dalam empat kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan meliputi suplemen selenium 45 μg/hari (n=34), suplemen iodium 50 μg/hari (n=35), suplemen selenium+iodium (n=18) dan plasebo (n=28). Suplemen diberikan setiap hari selama dua bulan. Indikator profil darah yang diperiksa meliputi kadar Hb, Ht, jumlah eritrosit, leukosit, kadar MCV, MCH dan MCHC. Status gizi dengan indikator Z-skor BB/U dan TB/U. Skor IQ diukur dengan Set Test Raven (1995).
Keyword: Iodine Deficiency Disorder, Protein Energy Malnutrition, Mean Corpuscular Volume, chool Children with Cretinism Attributes

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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