Judul: The Performance of Digestive Tracts and Internal Organs of Broilers by Administering Fractionated Palm Kernel Meal
Abstrak: VIRA MAGHFIRAH. Performa Bobot Organ Dalam dan Saluran Pencernaan Ayam Broiler dengan Pemberian Bungkil Inti Sawit Hasil Fraksinasi. Dibimbing oleh WIDYA HERMANA dan NAHROWI. Fraksinasi bungkil inti sawit (BIS) merupakan proses pemisahan cangkang dan inti sawit untuk mengurangi kandungan serat kasar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pengaruh tingkat pemberian BIS fraksinasi dalam ransum broiler terhadap persentase karkas, organ dalam, saluran pencernaan dan panjang relatif usus ayam broiler. Sebanyak 336 ekor ayam broiler strain Ross dibagi ke dalam 3 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Setiap ulangan (kandang) berisi 28 ekor. Menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), dengan perlakuan P0 = Ransum kontrol (BIS 0%); P1 = Ransum dengan 5% BIS; P2 = Ransum dengan 10% BIS. Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot hidup, persentase bobot karkas, organ dalam dan saluran pencernaan, dan panjang relatif usus. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, jika hasil menunjukkan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan signifikan (P<0,05) pada meningkatkan bobot hidup, persentase bobot karkas, ileum dan sekum tetapi menurunkan secara nyata persentase bobot gizzard, panjang relatif sekum dan kolon. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan BIS fraksinasi hingga taraf 10% dinilai efektif terhadap broiler jantan strain Ross umur 35 hari. Kata Kunci : broiler, bungkil inti sawit, fraksinasi, organ dalam
Keyword: palm kernel meal

Judul: Evaluation of Hydrolyzed Palm Kernel Meal’s (Palmofeed) Quality Based on Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Feed against Internal Organs Broiler.
Abstrak: Bungkil inti sawit merupakan hasil ikutan dari proses pemisahan minyak inti sawit yang dapat dikembangkan sebagai ransum sumber energi-protein bagi unggas karena ketersediaannya yang sangat tinggi. Fraksinasi adalah proses yang dilakukan dalam optimalisasi Bungkil inti sawit dalam menurunkan kandungan cangkang dan serat kasarnya, karena tingginya kandungan cangkang dapat mengurangi palatabilitas ternak dan daya penyerapan nutrient sehingga fraksinasi atau hidrolisasi dilakukan pada Bungkil inti sawit menjadi Palmofeed. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui sifat fisik dan kimia Bungkil inti sawit dan Palmofeed serta mengukur pengaruh penggunaannya dalam ransum terhadap persentase bobot organ dalam, organ imunitas dan persentase bobot dan relatif panjang saluran pencernaan. Sebanyak 2250 ekor ayam broiler strain Ross dibagi menjadi tiga petak dan diberi tiga perlakuan dengan rancangan acak lengkap. Perlakuan terdiri dari R0 = Ransum kontrol (mengandung 0% BIS), R1 = Ransum mengandung 12,5% Bungkil inti sawit, dan R2 = Ransum mengandung 12,5% Palmofeed. Pengujian sifat fisik dan kimia dilakukan pada Bungkil inti sawit dan Palmofeed. Hasil data sifat fisik dan kimia dibandingkan dengan uji Independent Sample T-Test. Hasil uji sifat fisik dan kimia menunjukkan bahwa Palmofeed lebih baik daripada Bungkil inti sawit (P<0,05). Teksturnya yang halus dan ukuran partikel yang kecil membuat nilai kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, sudut tumpukan dan berat jenis lebih rendah tetapi meningkatkan nilai kelarutan total dan tingkat keasaman Palmofeed menjadi lebih asam daripada Bungkil inti sawit. Penambahan Palmofeed pada ransum juga berpengaruh nyata dengan perlakuan yang berbeda dari analisis beberapa organ pada ayam broiler. Peningkatan berat organ dalam terjadi pada hati (P<0,05), sedangkan pada jantung dan ginjal tidak meningkat secara signifikan (P>0,05), demikian juga pada organ imunitas dimana tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan dengan penambahan Palmofeed. Peningkatan bobot secara signifikan di saluran pencernaan hanya ditemukan pada gizzard, tidak dengan organ atau bagian lain dari usus halus., Palm kernel meal is a by-product of the palm kernel oil separation process it can be developed as a protein-energy source ration for poultry because of it is high availability. Fractionation is a process carried out in optimizing palm kernel meal by reducing it is shell and crude fiber content, because the high shell content can reduce livestock palatability and nutrient absorption, so fractionation or hydrolyzation is carried out on palm kernel meal into Palmofeed. This study aims to determine the physical and chemical properties of Palm kernel meal and Palmofeed and to measure the effect of their use in rations on the percentage of internal organ weight, immune organs, and the percentage of weight and relative length of the digestive tract. A total of 2250 broilers of the Ross strain were divided into three plots and given three treatments with a completely randomized design. The treatments consisted of R0 = control diet (containing 0% BIS), R1 = diet containing 12.5% Palm kernel meal, and R2 = diet containing 12.5% Palmofeed. Physical and chemical properties were tested on Palm kernel meal and Palmofeed. The results of the data on physical and chemical properties were compared with the Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of Palmofeed were better than Palm kernel meal (P<0.05). It’s
Keyword: broiler chicken, intestinal organs, palm kernel meal, palmofeed

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite