Judul: Forestry Business Development Using Business Model Canvas Approach in Social Forestry Land of Gerlang Village, Batang Regency
Abstrak: Pengelolaan hutan lestari mempertimbangkan aspek lingkungan, ekonomi dan sosial. Di tingkat lokal, perhutanan sosial merupakan strategi kunci untuk menerapkan pengelolaan hutan lestari yang bertujuan untuk mengurangi kemiskinan, memberdayakan masyarakat lokal, dan memperbaiki kondisi hutan. Pemberian izin pengelolaan kawasan hutan kepada masyarakat lokal membutuhkan perencanaan pengembangan usaha yang baik agar terus berlanjut. Kanvas model bisnis dapat menjadi alat bantu dalam mengembangkan bisnis kehutanan dengan sembilan elemennya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model bisnis kehutanan pada lahan perhutanan sosial di Desa Gerlang, Kabupaten Batang. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dan Focus Group Discussion dengan Divisi Perhutanan Sosial Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Pekalongan Timur, Bagian Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan Blado, Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial Gerlang Asri, 100 petani, dan masyarakat yang terlibat dalam usaha tersebut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model bisnis yang optimal dapat dikembangkan dengan mempertimbangkan manfaat kentang, wortel, daun bawang, cabai, kopi arabika, pohon pinus dan puspa. Kelayakan finansial dari model yang dikembangkan menunjukkan hasil yang baik, dengan Net Present Value sebesar Rp 541.451.164, Benefit Cost Ratio sebesar 1,88, Internal Rate of Return sebesar 67,98% dengan periode pengembalian modal pada tahun kedua. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa model yang dikembangkan layak untuk dijalankan., Sustainable forest management takes into account environmental, economic and social aspects. At the local level, social forestry is a key strategy for implementing sustainable forest management that aims to reduce poverty, empower local communities, and improve forest conditions. The granting of forest area management permits to local communities requires good business development planning so that continue. The business model canvas can be a tool for developing a forestry business with its nine elements. This research aims to develop a forestry business model on social forestry land in Gerlang Village, Batang District. Data were collected through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussions with the Social Forestry division of East Pekalongan Forest Management Unit, Blado Forest Management Unit Section, Gerlang Asri Social Forestry Business Group, 100 farmers, and communities involved in the business. The result showed that an optimized business model can be developed by considering the benefits of potato, carrot, leek, chilli, arabica coffee, pine and needlewood trees. Financial feasibility testing of the developed model showed good results, with Net Present Value of Rp 541.451.164, Benefit Cost Ratio of 1,88, Internal Rate of Return of 67,98%, and a Payback Period in the second year. This showed that the model was feasible to run.
Keyword: agroforestry, kanvas model bisnis, perhutanan sosial

Judul: Business Development of Social Forestry in LMDH Mandalagiri Kadungora District Garut Regency
Abstrak: Pengelolaan perhutanan sosial dilakukan oleh Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (KUPS) yang telah memperoleh izin pengelolaan untuk melakukan kegiatan usaha di kawasan perhutanan sosial. KUPS diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian melalui penggunaan lahan secara optimal sehingga memperbaiki kebutuhan hidup masyarakat sekitar hutan. Peningkatan ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh LMDH Mandalagiri yaitu melalui pengelolaan hutan secara agroforestri yang mengkombinasikan antara tanaman pinus, eukaliptus, puspa, rasamala, suren, mahoni, kopi arabika, alpukat, jahe, dan cabai rawit. Pengelolaan perhutanan sosial meliputi kegiatan penyiapan lahan, pengadaan bibit, penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan, dan pemasaran. Pengembangan usaha perhutanan sosial dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif melalui analisis lembaga dan saluran pemasaran, analisis marjin pemasaran, analisis farmer’s share, dan analisis rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien adalah saluran pemasaran komoditas perhutanan sosial model 2 dengan marjin pemasaran dan biaya pemasaran lebih rendah serta nilai farmer’s share dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya lebih tinggi dari saluran pemasaran komoditas perhutanan sosial model 1., Social forestry management is carried out by the Social Forestry Business Group (KUPS) which has obtained management permission to conduct business activities in social forestry areas. KUPS is expected to improve the economy through optimal land use to improve the living needs of the people around the forest. The economic improvement made by LMDH Mandalagiri is through agroforestry management that combines pine, eucalyptus, puspa, rasamala, suren, mahogany, arabica coffee, avocado, ginger and chili peppers. Social forestry management includes land management, seed procurement, planting, maintenance, harvesting, and marketing. The development of social forestry businesses is done by descriptive analysis through analysis of agencies and marketing channels, analysis of marketing margins, analysis of farmer's share, and analysis of profit-to-cost ratios. Based on the research results, the most efficient marketing channel is the model 2 social forestry commodity marketing channel with lower marketing margins and marketing costs as well as farmer's share value and profit-to-cost ratio higher than the model 1 social forestry commodity marketing channel.
Keyword: agroforestry, business development, management, marketing, social forestry

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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