Judul: Analisis Perubahan Kapasitas Simpan Air pada Sub DAS Ciesek, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Watershed degradation in some places in Indonesia most commonly were caused by high density of populations and over utilization of natural resources. The objectives of this research were to analyze the water storage capacity in Ciesek Sub Watershed and to recommend runoff management at Ciesek Sub Watershed. Land use change in Ciesek Watershed decreased water holding capacity 0.06 mm, increased rainfall 2.44 mm and runoff 2.37 mm, and also increased groundwater capacity 0.08 mm. According to this condition, the area needed land and water conservation activities, such as: (1) managing land use based on conservation method to increase infiltration and decrease runoff; (2) doing reboisation and other conservation activities to ameliorate critical watershed especially on upstream area.
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Judul: Analisis Kapasitas Simpan Air pada DAS Cisarua, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Watershed degradation could be characterized by changes in land use of catchment area with low run off coefficient to bare land with high run-off coefficient. Water balance calculation using Tornthwaite equation could be used to calculate fluctuation of water storage in a region. Water balance analysis was conducted at the Cisarua watershed with total area of 2491.90 ha. The objective of this research were to analyse water storage capacity, to calculate water avaibility (based on rainfall data), to calculate water demand, and to provide recommendations of run-off and groundwater recharge management in Cisarua watershed areas. Based on ideal ratio of run-off and groundwater recharge, the composition of the forest area of 50% in Cisarua watersheds is considered ideal, because it has a percentage of run-off by 51%. Residential area composition in Cisarua watershed (30%) is considered ideal, because the run off percentage is 49%. Environmental carrying capacity based on water balance of an area could be determined by calculating the capacity of water availability in the region. With a density of 2080 habitant / km2 and precipitation of 1870.1 mm / year, it could know that Cisarua watershed areas in 2010 were in the state of overshoot. Conservation methods that could be used in efforts to manage run-off excess were the construction of infiltration wells and reforestation
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum