Judul: Benefit Distribution Mechanism of Community Based Forest Management (CBFM): Pine Forest Case.
Abstrak: Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) merupakan prasyarat pelaksanaan Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat di wilayah Perhutani. LMDH memainkan peran penting dalam memastikan perolehan manfaat objek PHBM bagi semua elemen di internalnya. Kelemahan LMDH dalam mendistribusikan manfaat objek PHBM mengakibatkan ketimpangan perolehan manfaat di antara pengurus dan anggota, serta antar sesama anggota. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis proses pembuatan mekanisme distribusi manfaat objek PHBM dan menganalisis implementasi mekanisme distribusi manfaat objek PHBM. Identifikasi para pihak yang terlibat dalam proses pembuatan mekanisme distribusi manfaat objek PHBM didasarkan pada pengaruh dan kepentingannya. Impelementasi mekanisme distribusi manfaat objek PHBM didekati dengan membandingkan peran para pihak berdasarkan aturan formal dan realisasi di lapangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proses pembuatan mekanisme distribusi manfaat objek PHBM didominasi oleh pandangan, pengaruh dan kepentingan badan pengurus LMDH. Impelementasi mekanisme distribusi manfaat objek PHBM ditandai dengan penyimpangan terhadap pedoman internal LMDH dan bersifat incremental. Prinsip keadilan tidak diterapkan dalam implementasi mekanisme distribusi manfaat objek PHBM yang ditandai dengan tidak memfasilitasi kebebasan politik para anggota dan tidak memperhatikan ketimpangan sosial ekonomi di internal LMDH. Kondisi demikian semakin memperluas ruang kompetisi di internal LMDH dalam perolehan manfaat objek PHBM dan membuka potensi penghisapan terhadap para anggota LMDH dari lapisan sosial ekonomi terbawah. Dengan demikian kinerja LMDH semakin mengukuhkan ketimpangan sosial ekonomi di internal LMDH secara khusus dan di desa hutan secara umum., Legal Forest User Group the village level,-widely called as Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) is a prerequisite for the implementation of Community Based Forest Management in Perhutani area. LMDH plays an important role in ensuring the benefits of CBFM objects for all elements in their internal. The weakness of LMDH in distributing the benefits of CBFM objects results in inequality of benefit between organizing committe and members, as well as among members. This study aims to analyze the formulation process of benefit distribution mechanism of CBFM object and analyze implementation of benefit distribution mechanism of CBFM object. The identification of the parties involved in the process of establishing the CBFM object benefit distribution mechanism is based on its effect and interest. Implementation of the benefit distribution mechanism of CBFM objects is approached by comparing the roles of the parties based on formal rules and realities on the ground. The result of the research shows that the formulating process of benefit distribution mechanism of CBFM object is dominated by perception, effect and interest of organizing committe. The implementation of benefit distribution mechanism of CBFM object is characterized by deviations from the LMDH internal guidelines and has incremental properties. The principle of fairness is not applied in the implementation of the benefit distribution mechanism of CBFM object which is characterized by not facilitating the political freedom of the members and not paying attention to socio-economic inequalities inside LMDH. Such conditions further extend the competition space within the LMDH to get benefit of the PHBM object and unlock the potential for exploitation of LMDH members from the lowest socio-economic class. Thus the performance of LMDH further reinforces the socio-economic inequalities inside LMDH particularly and in forest villages generally.
Keyword: LMDH, benefit distribution mechanism, interest, fairness, Redistributional equity, Foresty

Judul: Partisipasi Masyarakat Desa Hutan dalam Program Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat di KPH Cepu Perum Perhutani Unit I Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Since a long time ago, the people of Indonesia in satisfying such needs as houses, clothing, food, medicine, and environmental services have depended heavily on forests. The increase of population has caused the living necessities to increase and triggered the exploitation of forest resources commercially at a large-scale. Based on the recapitulation of KPH Cepu, the incidence of theft and forest fires is high every year. Responding to the increasing forest disturbances, Perhutani applied several new multi-sector policies related to forest management. One form of the new policies is the PHBM (Forest Management together with Community) program. KPH Cepu began to launch the program in 2003. This program opens an opportunity for people to participate directly in forest management. This started with the establishment of cooperation between Perhutani and LMDH (Rural Forest Community Institution). One element of the successful implementation of PHBM is the effectiveness of LMDH. An effective LMDH is one that involve the community in each activity. The study was conducted in the villages of Bleboh and Nglebur, Perum Perhutani KPH Cepu Unit I Central Java, from September 2011 through November 2011. The data used were of primary and secondary types. The purpose of this study was to identify the activities of PHBM, analyze people‟s participation in the PHBM program, and analyze the effectiveness of LMDH. the number of selected villages was two, namely the village of Bleboh and Nglebur with 30 respondents in each village. Based on the research results, there are two types of activities in PHBM at KPH Cepu: the activities inside the forest area and the activities outside the forest area. The inside activities include planting, maintaining, intercropping, and security. The outside activities involve the establishment of saprotan shop, cattle and goats breeding, empon-empon farming, and nurseries. The implemented program of PHBM in LMDH of Wana Sumber Mulyo consists of the activities only inside forest area, whereas the PHBM program in LMDH of Wana Tani Makmur includes the activities both inside and outside the forest area. Participation of pesanggem in PHBM program is still partial, i.e. limited to the phase of implementation and allocation of shared profit from non-wood products. The effectiveness LMDH as an institution has not yet complied with the four principles of good forest governance.
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Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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