Judul: Biokonversi Xilosa menjadi Xilitol Melalui Optimasi Aerasi dan Penambahan Kosusbtrat oleh Candida tropicalis
Abstrak: Bioconversion of xylose into xylitol using Candida tripocalis become an alternative method to yield xylitol in low cost and efficient so it can fulfilled the xylitol availability in xylitol trading which is relatively low. This study did xylitol production through aeration optimization and addition of co-substrate Aeration conditions that used in this research are 25 mL, 32.5 mL, 50 mL, 67.5 mL, and 75 mL in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask. Glucose concentrations added are 15 g/L, 30 g/L, 45 g/L, and 60 g/L in 75 mL fermentation media. Measurement of xylitol concentration determined by spectrophotometer method using D-sorbitol/Dxylitol kit wavelength 495 nm. The result of research performed on optimum aeration conditions for bioconversion xylose into xylitol is 75 mL fermentation medium in 125 mL Erlenmeyer flask with xylitol concentration of 6.3790 g/L. Xylitol consentration after the addition of glucose 45 g/L with xylitol consentration of 1.6837 g/L. Addition of glucose lowered xylitol production of 76.82%, so that the fermentation glucose in the medium is not recommended in xylitol production. Glucose can not increase the concentration xylitol, but a role in increasing the cell biomass.
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Judul: Penambahan Glukosa sebagai Kosubstrat dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Produksi Xilitol oleh Candida guilliermondii
Abstrak: Xylitol is a five-carbon sugar alcohol and used commercially in various fields. Xylitol can be produced by solid-liquid extraction from fruits and vegetables, also chemical synthesis which is expensive and energy-intensive. Therefore, an alternative inexpensive production techniques is required, one of them is using microorganism. The purposes of this research were to determine the optimum incubation time for the growth of C. guilliermondii, and xylitol production, also to determine the best ratio variation of glucose:xylose. Fermentation was carried out at 300C with shaking speed 120 rpm. Ratio variation used in this research were (glucose:xylose) 1:25, 1:12, 1:5, 1:2.5. Xylitol concentration was measured with spectrophotometer based on D-sorbitol/Dxylose Kit. The results showed the log phase of the growth of C. guilliermondii at 12-36 hour, and the optimum incubation time to obtain the highest amount of xylitol at 72 hour. The best variation ratio of glucose:xylose is 1:5 with initial glucose concentration 9 g/L and xylose concentration 45 g/L. Xylitol obtained from ratio 1:5 was 2.85 g/L while xylitol obtained from control medium, which is the medium that contained only xylose 45 g/L was 0.57 g/L, thus the addition of glucose to fermentation medium can increase the production of xylitol.
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Judul: Kesejahteraan Nelayan Pancing Tonda (Troll Lines) di Kecamatan Pariaman Kabupaten Padang Pariaman, Sumatera Barat
Abstrak: Kecamatan Pariaman merupakan salah satu kecamatan dari 13 kecamatan yang ada di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman. Ibukota Kecamatan Pariaman adalah Pariaman, yang secara geografi terletak pada 0 30 40 Lintang selatan dan 100 7 00 Bujur Timur. Luas Wilayah Kecamatan Pariaman Lebih Kurang 67,1 Kilometer persegi dengan kepadatan penduduk 823 jiwa per kilometer persegi (data tahun 1987).
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