Judul: Konstruksi Vektor Biner dan Transformasi Gen Lisozim pada Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii Menggunakan Perantara Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: Ice-ice disease is the biggest problem in the cultivation of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii. The disease is caused by bacterial infection and induced by drastic changes of water quality. Lysozyme has the ability to break down bacterial cell wall. Lysozymes are well-characterized hydrolases, which cleave beta-1,4 linkages of N-acetylglucosamine (GlcNAc) homopolymers and beta-1,4 linkages of the bacterial cell wall component GlcNAc-N-acetylmuramic acid peptidoglycan. Chicken lysozyme had lytic activities against Micrococcus lysodeikticus, Flavobacterium columnare, Aeromonas hydrophilla and Vibrio anguillarum. The purpose of this research was to construct of a binary vector pMSH1-Lis carrying chicken lysozyme (Lis) gene and introduce pMSH1-Lis on K. alvarezii. Lysozyme gene was amplified from pJfKer-Lis using PCR with specific primers for chicken lysozyme gene. Plasmid pMSH-1 and PCR product of lysozyme gene was cut with enzymes NotI and SpeI. Lysozyme gene was ligated into the expression vector pMSH1 to design a binary expression vector of pMSH1-Lis. The pMSH1-Lis was transformed to Escherichia coli DH5α by heat shock, cultured and then the plasmid was isolated. The binary vector expression was transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 by tri-parental mating. Thallus was inoculated with A. tumefaciens carrying pMSH1-Lis and then the transformed thallus was selected by adding 20 mg/L hygromycin to the culture medium.PCR analysis showed that the construction of the binary plasmid pMSH1- Lis was established. Percentage of transformation of pMSH1-Lis on K. alvarezii was 23.56%, while the efficiency of putative bud was 11.32%. PCR analysis showed that three of the regenerated thallus contained lysozyme gene. Thus, transgenic K. alvarezii was produced successfully and this can be useful for studying the mechanisms of seaweed defense against bacterial infection. Based on the percentage of the transformation, the transformation protocols need to be established for increasing transformants and regenaration thallus. Test bacterial resistance and environmental stress is necessary to examine the transformants tolerance.
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Judul: Introduction of PaCS gene encoding Citrat Synthase to Kappaphycus alvarezii using Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: Ice-ice is a disease that reduces the quality of seaweed. This disease is mainly caused by environmental stress rather than pathogen. This is supported by the fact that ice-ice disease is prevalent in the environment where the water have low quality, poor circulation, low salinity and changement of temperature, and high content of heavy metals. Citric acid is known to be a strong chelating agent for aluminum. Citric acid has a very important role in the Kreb cycle. The enzyme involved in the synthesis of citric acid is citrate synthase. Citrate synthase genes from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PaCS) has been successfully introduced into genome of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and Jatropha curcas using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Tobacco transgenic plants containing PaCS gene are more tolerant to Al stress compared to non-transgenic plants. This research aims to introduce the citrate synthase gene into genome of seaweed Kappaphycus alvarezii by using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Cutting Thallus of 0,5 cm were used as explants. Explants were inoculated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens for 15 minutes and then co-cultivated in PES media containing 0,3% agar for 3 days in the dark. The selection of putative transgenic K. alvarezii was carried out in PES agar selective medium containing 10 mg/l hygromicin. Based on hygromicin resistant explant on hygromicin selective medium, the transformation efficiency in K. alvarezii was 7.5 %. The efficiency of shoot regeneration of putative transgenic was 100%, and same as the regeneration efficiency of non transgenic ones. Molecular analysis by PCR showed that one of five putative transgenic K. alvarezii was confirmed as transgenic thallus containing PaCS transgene under the control of 35S CaMV promoter.
Keyword: Kappaphycus alvarezii, seaweed, PaCS gene, Agrobacterium tumefaciens, transformation

Judul: Warna bulu kucing ras Persia : variasi pola warna dan pewarisannya
Abstrak: Kucing Persia merupakan kucing ras yang paling umum dijumpai di Indonesia. Kucing Persia memiliki bulu yang panjang dengan variasi warna bulu yang sangat beragam. Perkawinan yang lebih terarah sangat perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas genetik warna dan pola warna bulu kucing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari variasi warna dan pola warna bulu kucing Persia yang terdapat di Indonesia, yang dilakukan di kantor pusat Cat Fancy Indonesia mulai bulan Oktober 2000 sampai Januari 2001. Data yang digunakan merupakan data pedigree kucing Persia yang tercatat di Cat Fancy Indonesia dari tahun 1997 sampai Oktober 2001 yang terdiri dari 187 jantan dan 258 betina, selain itu juga dilakukan pengamatan langsung kepada tiga penyayang dan breeder kucing yang ada di Bandung. Secara umum tercatat 104 penyayang dan breeder kucing ras di Indonesia, 74,04% terdapat di Jawa Barat dan sisanya (25%) terdapat di daerah Jakarta. Jumlah kucing Persia yang lahir di Indonesia adalah 387 kucing (87,16%), yang terdiri dari 163 (42,12%) jantan dan 224 (57,88%) betina. Jumlah kucing Persia yang diimpor ke Indonesia adalah sebanyak 57 (12,845%) yang terdiri dari 23 (40,35%) jantan dan 34 (59,65%) betina. Jumlah kucing Persia yang terdapat di Jawa Barat (84,14%) lebih banyak dibanding jumlah kucing Persia yang ada di Jakarta (14,86%). Secara umum warna bulu cream (9,01%) dan pola warna solid (34,01%) memiliki persentase tertinggi. Warna cream merupakan warna dilusi dari warna merah (red) yang dapat dihasilkan dari berbagai macam kombinasi warna bulu yang dimiliki tetua sebelumnya, sebagai contoh dari perkawinan tetua yang memiliki warna bulu cream dengan red smoke. Perkawinan antara tetua yang memiliki warna dan pola warna bulu yang tidak murni dapat menghasilkan turunan yang memiliki warna dan pola warna bulu yang bervariasi.
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