Judul: Genetic diversity of Musa balbisiana Colla in Indonesia Using AFLP Marker
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu pusat dari keragaman genetik keluarga pisang, terutama dari jenis Musa acuminata Colla (genom AA). Selain M. acuminata juga dapat ditemui jenis lain yaitu Musa balbisiana Colla (genom BB) yang dikenal dengan nama lokal Pisang Klutuk atau Pisang Batu. Musa balbisiana perlu dipelajari lebih dalam karena pisang ini mempunyai potensi ketahanan terhadap serangan beberapa hama dan penyakit serta dapat tumbuh di lahan kering. Studi keragaman genetik M. balbisiana secara molekuler belum banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari hal tersebut menggunakan penanda Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)., Indonesia is one of genetic diversity centers of banana, especially M. acuminata (AA genome). In addition to M. acuminata, in this area can also be found another Musa species that is Musa balbisiana (BB genome), which is known as Pisang Klutuk or Pisang Batu. M. balbisiana is needed to be studied futher because not only its resistance to some pests and diseases, but also its ability to grow well in dry condition.
Keyword: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP), genetic diversity, Musa balbisiana Colla

Judul: Diversity Analysis of Banana (Musa spp.) Based on RAPD and ISSR Molecular Markers
Abstrak: Persilangan kedua tetua pisang, Musa acuminata (AA) dan Musa balbisiana (BB), menghasilkan keragaman tingkat ploidi yang menghasilkan variasi sifat pada setiap kultivar pisang. Analisis keragaman pisang dengan pendekatan morfologi cenderung lebih mudah untuk dilakukan tetapi dapat karakter tersebut dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini perlu dilakukan analisis keragaman pisang menggunakan marka molekular RAPD dan ISSR untuk mendeteksi perbedaan pada tingkat DNA. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu pengamatan morfologi, isolasi DNA kultivar pisang, amplifikasi DNA menggunakan primer RAPD dan ISSR, dan pengolahan data hasil PCR dengan scoring dan software PAST 4. Analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan marka RAPD dan ISSR pada delapan kultivar pisang menghasilkan 164 pita DNA dengan rata-rata persentase pita polimorfik 78.9%. Jarak kekerabatan terjauh dari seluruh kultivar pisang yang dipelajari terdapat pada pisang Lampung yang merupakan satu-satunya sampel bergenom diploid., Crossing the two parental bananas, Musa acuminata (AA) and Musa balbisiana (BB), results in a diversity of ploidy levels that produce variations in traits in each banana cultivar. Analysis of banana diversity with a morphological approach tends to be easier to do, but the environment can influence the character. Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to analyze banana diversity using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers to detect differences at the DNA level. The methods used were Morphological observation, Isolation of banana cultivar DNA, DNA amplification using RAPD and ISSR primers, and data processing of PCR results with scoring and PAST 4 software. Analysis of genetic diversity using RAPD and ISSR markers on eight banana cultivars produced 164 DNA bands with an average percentage of polymorphic bands of 78.9%. The farthest relationship distance of all studied banana cultivars was found in the Lampung banana, the only diploid genome sample.
Keyword: morfologi, PCR, kekerabatan, marka molekuler, polimorfisme

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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