Judul: Perbaikan Mutu Biodiesel Hasil Proses Fraksinasi dengan Kandungan Metil Oleat (C18:1) Dominan untuk Penerapannya sebagai Bahan Bakar
Abstrak: Fractionation of palm olein biodiesel using fractional distillation system is used to separate dominant methyl palmitic (C16) with dominant methyl oleic (C18:1). This biodiesel fraction contains dominant of methyl oleic (C18:1), has a good characteristic in lower cloud point that possibly be applicated as a fuel in four season country. Bentonite are used in this research with the view of its usefulness in lowering viscosity and acid number. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best characteristics of biodiesel as a fuel appropriate to the biodiesel standard, and to obtain the best bentonite concentration used to improve the unappropriate parameter. This study was conducted using completely randomized design. Biodiesel quality improvement is done by using experimental factor of bentonite concentration (1%, 3%, and 5%). The use of bentonite experimentally could lowering acid number and kinematic viscosity. Compared to the blank (control), biodiesel with 1% of bentonite concentration could give the best result in lowering kinematic viscosity.
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Judul: Perbaikan Karakteristik Biodiesel Jarak Pagar   Pada Suhu Rendah Melalui Kombinasi Campuran Dengan Berbagai Jenis Minyak Nabati
Abstrak: The limitation of biodiesels as fuel is that it will form crystal or gel at low temperature, which it can cause restriction in combustion process. Cold flow properties of biodiesel are affected by fatty acid composition in vegetable oil. Unsaturated fatty acid has lower cloud point and pour point than saturated one, but it more suceptible to oxidation. Blending of biodiesels with different fatty acid compositions was expected to improve low temperature properties of biodiesel. The objective of this research is to decrease the value of cloud point and pour point of Jatropha biodiesel. The preliminary research was to determine the best compotition which has lowest cloud point and pour point. Blending Jatropha biodiesel was done with Soybean biodiesel, Rapeseed biodiesel, Palm biodiesel, and Coconut biodiesel. Concentration of Jatropha biodiesel start from 10% (v/v) to 100% (v/v) with increment 10% (v/v). The Main research divided into three step that is determination of the best range composition form the most suitable vegetable oil blends using two blending methods, physicochemical and stability oxidation analysis, and determination of the best composition and blending method. Methode one is blending Jatropha biodiesel with selected vegetable oil biodiesel, and methode two blending between Jatropha oil and selected vegetable oil before biodiesel processing. Blending was done with addition of 5% Jatropha in blends. The quality parameter that were tested includes acid value, fatty acid compotition (GC), cloud point, pour point, density, viscosity, iodine number, and oxidation stability ( Rancimat method). The preliminary research shows that the Coconut biodiesel is the best blending subtances, because it can give lowering of cloud point and pour point of Jatropha biodiesel at 3ºC and 6ºC, respectively. It happens in the range 50-70% Jatropha at method 1, and 35-55% Jatropha at method 2. The value of cloud point and pour point in that range was equal at 9ºC , -6ºC, respectively (method 1), and at 12ºC , -9ºC, respectively (method 2). In addition was done blends of Jatropha biodiesel with metil laurat to investigated the role of metil laurat to lowering cloud point and pour point of jatropha biodiesel. Metil laurat known as dominant fatty acid at Coconut biodiesel. Its blends has lowest cloud point and pour poit at -3ºC and -18ºC. Blends biodiesels shown decrease cloud point and pour point below the value of pure biodiesel that is Jatropha biodiesel (12oC - 0oC), coconut biodiesel (15oC - 6oC), and metil laurat ( 9ºC - 3ºC). Based on time to resistance at temperature 0ºC, 55% Jatropha in each blend methods had the longest time compare with others concentration. The result of cloud point show that blending method 1 is the best blending techniques compare with blending method 2. It shown by cloud point at methode 1 is lower than methode 2. Physicochemical analysis on each blends biodiesel showed the quality is in conformity with ASTM D 6751 and SNI 04-7182-2006, that are density in a range of 0.8565 - 0.8793 g/cm3, viscosity in a range of 3.85 - 5.7 mm2/second and iodine number in a range of 44,74 - 70, 98 g I2/100g. Analysis
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Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
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