Judul: Karakteristik Kimia Serat Buah Kapuk sebagai Bahan Penyerap Minyak
Abstrak: Kapok fiber (Ceiba pentandra) are naturally hydrophobic and oleophilic fiber that would be usefull for oil adsorbent. This research examined of chemical composition, oil sorption capacity and its selectivity of natural and ethanolbenzene extracted fibers. Kapok fibers were taken from Madura-East Java, Pati- Central Java, and Bogor-West Java. Based on the chemical composition, kapok fibers contained holoselulosa 83.04-84.16%, alfa-selulosa 37.43-40.26%, lignin klason 13.24-16.25%, etanol-benzena solubility 1.02-1.17%, cold water solubility 0.63-0.77%, hot water solubility 4.14-4.62% and NaOH 1% solubility 19.49- 26.47%. Adsorption capacity of natural kapok fiber was in range of 30.70 to 63.20 g/g fiber, while extracted kapok fibers exhibited oil adsorption of 26.62 to 50.74 g/g fibers. Dissolution of oleophilic extractives substances seemed that was responsible for lower oil adsorption capacity. Naturally, kapok fiber has a very high selectivity to adsorb oil than that of water, therefore kapok fibers could be promoted as an oil adsorbent material with a high selectivity in the oil-water system.
Keyword: kapok fibers, oil adsorption, oleophilic, hydrophobic, chemical components

Judul: Karakterisasi Berbagai Jenis Buah Kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.)
Abstrak: Tanaman kelapa hibrida merupakan tanaman yang tinggi produksi buahnya. Pada beberapa kasus, buah kelapa hibrida justru menghasilkan "rubber copra" dan minyak yang mengandung resin. Hal ini selain akan mempersulit proses ekstraksi, juga menyebabkan "loss" minyak selama pemurnian minyaknya. Selain sebagai bahan baku minyak kelapa, daging buan kelapa juga dapat diolah menjadi Kelapa parut kering dan santan awet. Pada prinsipnya kualitas produk yang dihasilkan sangat ditentukan oleh karakteristik bahan bakunya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menginventari- sası karakteristik berbagai jenis buah kelapa (Cocos nucifera L.) untuk keperluan perencanaan dan pengem- bangan industri. Buah kelapa yang diamati meliputi kelapa dalam Tenga (DTA-1 dan DTA-2), kelapa dalam Bali (DBI), kelapa dalam Lokal (LOKAL), kelapa hibrida KHINA-1, KHINA-2, KHINA-3, serta kelapa hibrida MAHA, NYDXWAT dan PB-121. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi Karakteristik daging buah, kopra, minyak kelapa, kelapa parut kering, testa, angka konversi buah dan kekentalan santan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah ran- cangan acak lengkap dengan eksperimen faktor tunggal. Dari hasil pengamatan ternyata daging buah paling tebal justru diperoleh dari kelapa dalam LOKAL. Selain itu diperoleh kadar air daging buah yang sama pada se- mua sampel yang diamati. Pengamatan komposisi kimia Kopra menunjukkan bahwa buah kelapa hibrida PB-121, NYDXWAT dan MAHA bukan merupakan sumber karbohidrat. Kopra yang "non-rubbery" diperoleh dari DTA-1 dan KHINA-3, yang angka kekerasan kopranya juga tergolong tinggi. Berdasarkan standar mutu perdagangan, 90% sam- pel menghasilkan kopra berkadar lemak standar mutu I, sedangkan kelapa dalam LOKAL hanya menghasilkan kopra mutu II..dst
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Judul: Antibody Responses against Newcastle Disease and Evaluation of Infectious Bronchitis Maternal Derived Antibody on Vaccinated Layers.
Abstrak: Information of maternal derived antibody (MDA) and onset of immunity after vaccination is important to determine appropriate vaccination programme of chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate duration of Infectious Bronchitis (IB) MDA and evaluate onset of immunity Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination among layers. All layers were vaccinated using live ND and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) at one day old age, and received Avian Rhinotracheitis (AR) vaccine at 4 day old age. Serum samples were collected at various ages: 7, 10, 14, 20, 22, 24, 29 and 35 day old. The presence of ND antibodies was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whilst the presence of IB antibodies was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study showed that ND antibodies were at positive level until 24 day old age, and reached protective level ≥ 25 only at 7 day old age, whilst IB MDA were positive up to 17 day old age. This result indicating the needs of ND booster vaccination at least at 24 day old and IB vaccination at 17 day old age.
Keyword: antibody, Infectious Bronchitis, layers, Newcastle Disease, vaccination