Judul: Formulasi Produk Emulsi Kaya Beta Karoten dari Minyak Sawit Merah
Abstrak: Peneliiian bertujuan memformulasi produk emulsi stabil yang kaya beta karoten dari fraksi olein minyak sawit merah. Penelitian terdiri dari beberapa tahap. Tahap satu bertujuan menentukan jenis emulsifier yang sesuai pada berbagai rasio minyakjair. Beberapa emulsifier yaitu CMC, Gelatin, GMS, Lesitin, Tween 80, dicoba pada rasio 2:8, 37, 4:6, 55, 6:4, 7:3, 8:2, dan 9:l dengan metode emulsifikasi tertentu menggunakan alat ultra mixer. Berdasarkan pola hasil yang diperoleh dicoba lagi beberapa emulsifier lain yaitu gum arabik, gum tragakan, karagenan, guar gum, pektin, dekstrin, natrium alginat, dan SPAN 60 pada rasio 3:7.5:5. dan 7:3 dengan metode ernulsifikasi dan alat yang sama. Emulsifier dianggap sesuai jika emulsi stabil selama 5 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan secara visual dan emulsi dikatakan stabil jika tidak terjadi pemisahan atau berbagai bentuk kerusakan lainnya (emulsi harus homogen/teremulsi sempurna). Tahap dua bertujuan menentukan jenis dan konsentrasi emulsifier pada berbagai rasio minyakjair yang dapat membentuk emulsi yang stabil selama 60 hari. Tahap tiga bertujuan mencari formula emulsi lain dengan kekentalan yang lebih baik, karena kekentalan emulsi yng diperoleh dari tahap dua relatif terlalu kental atau terlalu encer. Pada tahap ini dicoba gum arabik pada berbagai rasio minyak air sesuai metode Sprowl (1960) dan Tween 20 dengan penambahan sukrosa sesuai rnetode McClements et al. (1994). Dari tahap pertama sampai ketiga akan diperoleh formula emulsi stabil. Tahap keempat bertujuan untuk menentukan jenis dan konsentrasi bahan-bahan tambahan yang diperlukan yaitu pengawet, pengkelat, antioksidan, pemanis, dan Ravor agar tidak mempengaruhi kestabilan emulsi. Pada tahap kelima dilakukan pengujian akhir stabiliis emulsi tehdap formula emulsi stabil yang diperoleh dari tahap dua dan tiga setelah diimbahkan khan adiiif. Emulsi akan dipilih untuk dikemas jika stabil selama 60 hari, mempunyi kekentalan paling ideal, dan daya alir baik. Selain itu juga mernpertimbangkan mriasi penggunaan emulsifier dan rasio ininyakfair.
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Judul: Proses pembuatan produk emulsi kaya β-karoten dari minyak sawit merah dengan high pressure homogonizer
Abstrak: Research on emulsion making from red palm oil was undertaken by optimizing the mixing process and pressure homogenization. Objective of this research was to find a best processing condition in the emulsion product making. The stages of emulsion making consisted of mixing process, homogenization process, and product analyses. The mixing process conditions were (a). mixer's speed, i.e., 2499.0, 2646.0, 2853.0 and 3167.0 rpm; (b). mixing time, i.e., 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 minutes. The single stage homogenization pressures were 100, 150, 200, and 250 bar. Pressure studied in the double stage homogenization were 40, 60, and 80 bar. Quality of the emulsion drink was measured by carotene content, fluid flow characteristic, viscosity, and proximate analysis. Result indicated that the best emulsion product was resulted from a combination of 3167 rpm and 3 minutes mixing process. Further homogenization process found that a double stage homogenization with 250 bar in first stage and 80 bar in second stage resulted best in the quality emulsion. This best emulsion was characterized by the best value of emulsion stability and droplet diameter size. This product was rich in β-carotene.
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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