Judul: The effect of honeybee-coffee plantation integration on improving honey productivity of Apis cerana
Abstrak: A study of integrated farming system of honey bee–coffee plantation was conducted in Kepahiang, the Province of Bengkulu. The objective of the study was to evaluate the implementation of Apis cerana being managed in coffee plantation following integrated farming process to increase honeybee and coffee productivity. Location representing two different systems consisted of integrated and non integrated honeybee-coffee plantation were purposively chosen for the study using Apis cerana as major material in this study. Ten stups of honeybee were located in each system. In the integrated system, the stups set to be placed in different position, five stups were placed concerntratedly in the middle of coffee plantation and other five stups were placed spreadly around the platation with the distance between stup was approximately 100-200 meter. The number of honeybees of each stup were approximately 13000 bees. Data collected were analized to measure the production of nectar and honey in the two systems, and then used to formulate a sustainable model of integrated honeybee-coffee plantation. The results of the study indicated that the honey production of A. cerana at coffee plantation were significantly higher (P<0,01) by 114% than those which were off the plantation. Similarly, the coffee production honeybee-coffee plantation was significantly higher by 10.55 % (P<0,01) than those off the plantation. The honeybee colonies which were spreadly placed in coffee plantation significantly produced honey higher (P<0,01) than those in the center. Based on SWOT and sustainability analyses, the integrated honeybee-coffee plantation system was recommended to improve both honeybee and coffee production with a significantly high sustainability index.
Keyword: Apis cerana, Bengkulu, A. mellifera, A. dorsata, A. florea, Indian honey bee

Judul: Regional Development Plan Based on Beekeeping Activity in Cianjur Regency
Abstrak: Forestry development policy-based natural resources provide benefits to the development of non-timber forest products through social forestry activities, including beekeeping business. Beekeeping businesses have considerable opportunities to be developed in the community. It is because of the demand of honey is increasing for variety of needs. Furthermore, Indonesia also has the potential of natural resources to support the beekeeping development business. One of the potential areas for beekeeping development is Cianjur Regency, where it has been cultivated since 2006. The type of honey bee which cultivated is Apis mellifera, with an average production of 3-4 tons/year. However, the main problem encountered beekeeping activities in this regency is limited bee forage resources. This limitation and migratory behaviour of Apis mellifera are causing herding activity of the bees in certain months must be herded out of Cianjur to increase honey production. As an effort to overcome this problem, Cianjur Regency Government through the Forestry and Plantation Agency has been developing a Participatory Business Plan (PBP) to build a Tourism Bees Park. The basic concept of PBP is implementing an integrated beekeeping, through the development of bee forage resources, honey bee product processing and diversification of honey bee product in one location without herding activity outside Cianjur. Geographic information systems (GIS) have the ability to create a model framework for land suitability evaluation (Elsheikh et al. 2013) and develop habitat suitability models through a multi-criteria evaluation approach and integrate it with expert knowledge (Store and Jokimaki 2003). GIS approach is applied in this research to determine the land suitability for beekeeping. Moreover, through the analysis of land suitability for beekeeping by considering physical, social and financial aspect, this research is expected to provide direction plan for integrated beekeeping development in Cianjur. The objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze the beekeeping land suitability, considering the land suitability for bee forage plants and the habitat suitability for honey bee; (2) to analyze beekeeping financial; (3) to analyze public opinion about beekeeping, and (4) to formulate the development plan based on beekeeping activity. The selection of bee forage plants in this research are based on the time of flowering, pollen or nectar production, deployment, advantages and disadvantages in terms of cultivation. In this study, land suitability classification use the FAO (1976) clasification, which is not suitable order (N) just using 1 class. These consist of 4 classess: very suitable (S1), suitable (S2), marginally suitable (S3), and not suitable (N). The results of land suitability analysis for bee forage resources indicate that the land suitability classes for kapok S3 and N, while rubber and rambutan have suitability classes S1, S2, S3 and N. In addition, land suitability classes for corn consists of S3 and N; kelengkeng S2, S3 and N; Calliandra has suitability classes S and N. Each land unit has a variety of combinations of land suitability classes, which are 2-6 types of suitable bee forage resources per land unit. The percentage of Cianjur Regency area that very suitable to be used as a honey bee habitat is 22.94 % (83,030 ha), 33.44 % (121,034 ha)
Keyword: Apis mellifera, beekeeping

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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