Judul: Kondisi habitat dan sikap masyarakat terhadap konservasi Rafflesia micropylora Meijer di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser
Abstrak: Rafflesia micropylora Meijer is one of its protected plant species because of the scarcity and endemic in the Indonesian tropical rain forest. One of R. micropylora habitats found in Gunung Leuser National Park (GLNP), Aceh Tenggara, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam (NAD), is especially under the pressure and threat of human activity. Therefore, the presence of R. micropylora in nature must be preserved. The objective of this study was to determine the condition of R. micropylora, habitat conditions and communities attitudes to the conservation of R. micropylora. The expected benefits as input in the conservation efforts for R. micropylora in Southeast Aceh NAD GLNP. The research was conducted in Block Gurah Ketambe GLNP serve from June to August 2010. The data was collected by using purposive sampling method with a single plot of 1 ha. The measurement of knob conditions, biotic and abiotic conditions, and communities attitudes were done in the block. The results showed that the condition of R. micropylora was found one knob. The condition of vegetation in Block Gurah Ketambe GLNP included lowland forest vegetation which was dominated by Parashorea parvifolia species of Dipterocarpaceae. Canopy strata were A, B, and C with the coverage of title at 55.15%. R. micropylora grown on the host species Tetrastigma lanceolarium. The existing animals in this study are orangutans, wild boar, Capricornis sumatraensis, deer, and sun bears. Abiotic (physical) conditions R. micropylora habitat located at an altitude of 510 m.dpl with slope 0-45°. Soil has a pH neutral to slightly alkali with a texture-sandy clay loam with reddish-brown color. Daily temperatures are 27-28°C with a humidity of 85-97%. Community attitudes toward forest areas was that 30 respondents were more familiar with and know the information about R. micropylora from media and discussion of other people. Communities will support the conservation of R. micropylora although some have a little appreciation and don’t really feel the presence of R. micropylora. The habitat of R. micropylora was disturbed by activities of the jungle in form of path tracking and animal observation point. Management activities of R. micropylora habitat was considered ineffective related to the encroachment of forests and cutting T. lanceolarium. The results mentioned above describe the condition of R. micropylora, which was in danger due to a variety of activities. The R. micropylora habitat was in the lowland forest vegetation types dominated by the species P. parvifolia. Public attitudes toward forests usually support the conservation of R. micropylora, it was necessary to give information to the communities so that they take care and monitor the population and R. micropylora habitat.
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Judul: Konservasi Rafflesia zollingeriana Koord di Taman Nasional Meru Betiri, Jawa Timur.
Abstrak: Rafflesia zollingeriana Koord is a protected rare plants in Indonesia, according to Government Regulation No. 7 of 1999. This species is endemic to Meru Betiri National Park. However, reality shows that R. zollingeriana population in the national park was declining. Because there are a lot of scientific information that has not known yet, R. zollingeriana population must been saved, more effective and efficient conservation must be done immediately. To be able to formulate effective and efficient conservation strategies, information about: the condition of the population; utilization; stakeholders involved; strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of R. zollingeriana conservation; must be known. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the population condition R. zollingeriana in the national park; analyze the utilization of R. zollingeriana; identify the stakeholders involved in R. zollingeriana’s conservation; analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of R. zollingeriana conservation at this time; recommended some strategies and conservation programs of R. zollingeriana. The study was conducted in the Meru Betiri National Park and five villages around it (Wonoasri, Curahnongko, Andongrejo, Sanenrejo and Sarongan). Research conducted over the 15 months, from May 2012 to July 2013. Data were collected by interviews, surveys, observations, and literature study. Data that collected were: data of R. zollingeriana population condition, data of the utilization and data about management of R. zollingeriana conservation. Those data analyzed descriptively, quantitatively and qualitatively. Observations were done in 19 plots and there were 26 sub populations of R. zollingeriana that have been found. The mortality rate of knobs was high enough and blooming success rate for knobs was low, so propagation researches are need to be done. From 19 plots, 9 of them are recently documented populations. R. zollingeriana was utilized for herbal medicine (through knobs collecting and trading) and for tourism. The impact of collecting and trading activity R. zollingeriana were increasing income and welfare of the culprit but decline and extinction of Rafflesia in the other hand. Another forms of utilization was ecotourism of R. zollingeriana. Ecotourism has not developed yet and has not given a significant economical benefit for people. There were 12 stakeholder involved in protection, 9 stakeholder involved in preservation dan 20 stakeholder involved in utilization. Protection stakeholder consist of 2 key player stakeholder, 1 context setter, 1 subject dan 8 crowd. Preservation stakeholder consist of 3 key player stakeholder, 1 context setter, 1 subject dan 4 crowd. Utilization stakeholder consist of 7 key player stakeholder, 4 subject dan 9 crowd stakeholder. SWOT analysis indicated that the value of internal and external factors were positive. The internal factors for conservation of R. zollingeriana have greater value than the external factors. Value for strength was 1.8, weakness was 0.95, opportunity was 1.6 dan threat was 0.6. Recommended strategies was aggressive strategy: maximize the strengths so that the opportunities can be exploited as much as possible. So cooperation with and among the key player stakeholder, communication with context setter stakeholder and empowerment of subject stakeholder must be enhanced. The proposed program were stakeholder empowerment, stakeholder base of R. zollingeriana ecotourism and zonation based of conservation management.
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Judul: Desain Gerbang Logika Kuantum Fredkin Multi- Kontrol Berbasis Gerbang Toffoli Melalui Superposisi Gerbang Elementer
Abstrak: Gerbang Fredkin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sel pembangun rangkaian fulladder untuk proses komputasi. Karena sifatnya yang reversibel, gerbang tersebut dapat dibuat dari sususan gerbang-gerbang elementer dengan basis gerbang Toffoli. Pada penelitian ini, penulis mencari desain dari gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol berbasis gerbang Toffoli dengan mengkombinasikan tiga jenis gerbang elementer, yaitu CNOT, CV, dan CV†. Penelitian ini juga memperhitungkan jumlah gerbang elementer yang digunakan (quantum cost) dan jalur tambahan (ancillae input) dari desain-desain gerbang Fredkin yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol dapat dibentuk oleh susunan tiga gerbang Toffoli multi-kontrol. Kemudian, gerbang-gerbang tersebut dapat direkonstruksi menjadi susunan gerbang-gerbang elementernya. Jumlah quantum cost dan ancillae input akan semakin besar seiring bertambahnya jumlah kontrol yang digunakan.
Keyword: Gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol, gerbang Toffoli multi-kontrol, gerbang elementer