Judul: Biotransformasi Eugenol Menjadi Vanillin oleh Bakteri Asal Rizosfer Tanaman Cengkeh (Syzygium aromaticum)
Abstrak: Vanillin merupakan salah satu senyawa yang penting secara komersial karena banyak digunakan dalam industri seperti makanan, penyedap rasa, wewangian, dan obat – obatan. Karena luasnya aplikasi vanilin sebagai senyawa serta diikuti meningkatnya perhatian konsumen terhadap proses produksinya yang alami dan ramah lingkungan, maka penelitian ini difokuskan pada seleksi bakteri penghasil vanillin dengan menggunakan biotransformasi eugenol. Dua puluh delapan isolat bakteri dari rizosfer cengkeh diamati kemampuan pertumbuhannya pada media yang mengandung eugenol. Isolat bakteri dengan kode BKL 4 dan BKL 15 dipilih sebagai galur potensial untuk produksi vanilin dan diidentifikasi masing – masing sebagai Pseudomonas monteilii dan Lysinibacillus xylanilyticus menggunakan analisis filogenetik molekuler dari urutan gen 16S rDNA. Konfirmasi produk didasarkan pada analisis menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dan Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GCMS). Hasil molar vanillin adalah 10,43% (2,31 g/L) pada isolat BKL 4 dan 4,99% (1,11 g/L) pada isolat BKL 15 selama 144 jam biotransformasi pada kondisi kultur berikut: konsentrasi eugenol 24 g/L dan media konsentrasi 5 g/L untuk isolat BKL 4 dan 20 g/L untuk isolat BKL 15. Penelitian ini memberikan informasi berharga mengenai potensi bakteri dalam biotransformasi eugenol menjadi produk yang lebih bernilai seperti vanilin.
Keyword: Biotransformation, clove, eugenol, vanillin, rhizosphere bacteria

Judul: Process design in the production of isoeugenol and vanillin from eugenol of clove leaf oil
Abstrak: Eugenol merupakan komponen utama minyak cengkeh yang kandungannya dapat mencapai 70−95 % tergantung dari bahan baku yang digunakan (bunga, tangkai, dan daun). Dengan kandungan eugenol yang tinggi, minyak cengkeh merupakan sumber bahan baku isoeugenol dan vanilin yang potensial. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah menghasilkan rancangan proses produksi vanilin yang berbasis eugenol minyak daun cengkeh yang memiliki kalayakan teknis maupun finansial. Adapun tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah 1) identifikasi isoeugenol dan vanilin hasil sintesis, 2) simulasi rancangan proses industri isoeugenol dan vanilin, 3) kelayakan finansial dan nilai tambah. Adanya penelitian ini diharapkan potensi ekonomis eugenol minyak daun cengkeh (MDC) secara maksimal dapat diusahakan, sehingga dapat memberikan nilai tambah minyak daun cengkeh.
Keyword: clove leaf oil, eugenol, isoeugenol, vanillin, process design, potential raw material

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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