Judul: Model Pendugaan Nitrat dar, Fosfat Terbuang dari Petak  Sawah Beririgasi
Abstrak: Nitrat dan fosfat rnerupakan dua diantara sepuluh hara esensial yang digolongkan pada kelompok makro, yaitu dibutuhkan dalam jumlah relatif banyak. Walaupun keduanya masuk dalam golongan yang sama namun proses ketersediaannya pada lahan relatif berbeda. Nirat merupakan unsur hara yang mudah tersedia baik secara alami maupun buatan, namun juga mudah hilang dari lahan dengan penguapan, larut pada aliran permukaan dan terlarut dalarn proses pencucian. Sebaliknya fosfat merupakan unsur hara yang sulit tersedia bagi tanaman dan juga sulit untuk hilang dari sistem lahan karena terikat oleh liat.
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Judul: Model Keseimbangan Bahan Dalam Ekosistem Sawah Intensifikasi Dan Hubungannya Dengan Pencemaran Lingkungan
Abstrak: Model Keseimbangan Bahan Dalam Ekosistem Sawah Intensifisi dan Hubungannya Dengan Pencemaran Lingkungan (di bawah bimbingan Rokhain Dahuri sebagai ketua, Sudarsono dan Sudirman Yahya sebagai anggota). Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penggunaan pupuk anorganik yang terus meningkat, antara lain menurunnya efisiensi penggunaan pupuk tersebut. Penurunan efisiensi mengakibatkan makin tingginya kehilangan bahan yang dapat menimbulkan masalah pencemaran lingkungan. Selain itu, dengan dikeluarkannya kebijaksanaan pemerintah untuk menghapus subsidi terhadap pupuk anorganik, maka upaya peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan pupuk ter- sebut makin dirasakan urgensinya. Penelitian aliran bahan yang dilakukan, bertujuan untuk mendapatkan struktur model hubungan perpindahan bahan antara ekosistem sawah intensifikasi dengan lingkungan di sekitarnya, aliran internal, mengukur faktor efisiensi pemanfaatan unsur hara serta mengkaji kehilangan unsur yang menjadi limbah dan terbuang ke lingkungan. Hasil penelitian diharapkan berguna dalam upaya mendapatkan metoda untuk menekan kehilangan bahan tanpa mengorbankan segi produksi. Pendekatan untuk mendapatkan gambaran aliran bahan dilakukan melalui pendekatan sistem. Keseimbangan bahan dalam sistem dirumuskan dalam suatu model input-output yang secara umum dinyatakan sebagai : I (input) = P (produk) + H (hilangan). E (efisiensi) = P/I Penelitian dilakukan dengan pemberian masukan berupa pupuk anorganik sesuai dengan paket C kredit usaha tani (KUT) inten- sifikasi dan pengembalian sisa tanaman dari musim tanam sebe- lumnya. Penelitian dibedakan menjadi 3 kelompok pengelolaan berdasarkan perbedaan pengembalian sisa tanaman, yaitu pengem- balian akar dan gulna (1), pengembalian akar, gulma dan jerami (2) serta pengembalian akar, gulma, jerami dan sekam (3)…dst
Keyword: Ekosistem Sawah, Pencemaran Lingkungan, Pupuk Anorganik, Daur Nitrogen, Daur Fosfor dan Kalium

Judul: Seroprevalence of Chikungunya and The Risk of Transmission Transmitted Among Blood Donors In Sulawesi-Indonesia
Abstrak: Chikungunya (CHIK) is an arthritogenic alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of arboviruses with an enveloped RNA containing a positive single-stranded 11.8 kb genome. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which are commonly found in tropical and temperate regions. Primary vertebrate hosts include monkeys and humans, in whom this virus replicates efficiently (Diallo et al. 1999). Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known for causing acute illness, manifesting with fever, rash, and arthralgia known as Chikungunya fever (Horwood dan Buchy 2015). Despite the high number of Chikungunya cases in Indonesia, comprehensive data are lacking in CHIKV seroprevalence. Previous studies reported the median seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV antibodies in all situations 18.5%, ranging from 0.0 – 73.% (Harapan et al., 2019). However, the gap in epidemiological data of CHIKV in many regions of Indonesia including Sulawesi, is noteworthy. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection among healthy individuals from North and South Sulawesi using archive samples. Additionally, an asymptomatic course of CHIKV infection and the high pre-symptomatic viral load as 108pfu/mL (Appassakij et al. 2013) suggest that the infection can threaten blood transfusion safety. Evidence of CHIKV infection among blood donors (Simmons et al. 2016) indicates transfusion-transmitted is probable, although it has not been documented (Petersen dan Epstein 2014). Our study also aimed to test the archive blood donor specimens from North Sulawesi for CHIKV IgM and viremia to determine blood safety in endemic areas. Samples were screened for anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies to determine exposure to CHIKV using an in-house IgG ELISA as previously described (Kosasih et al. 2013) with minor modifications. CHIKV IgM, a marker for recent infection and endemicity, was tested in 303 samples randomly selected from IgG-positive samples using a Euroimmun anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA kit (Luebeck, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. CHIKV RNA detection was carried out using one-step-qRT-PCR. The data generated were analyzed with IBM-SPSS v20 (IBM Corporation, USA). Chi-square (χ2) test to determine significant differences between categorical variables, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As many as 1092 serum and plasma samples were analyzed, with CHIK IgG seropositivity at 53.48% (584/1092). The results also show a statistically significant difference in the seropositive rates based on gender (58.8% male and 48.5% female) and region (53.9% South Sulawesi versus 48.7% North Sulawesi). Seropositivity increased with age; approximately half of adults between their 40s and 60s had seroconverted. Most of the participants, 304 (27.8%), were between 21-30 years. The age groups with the least participants were those >60 years and <20 years, with 93 participants each (8.5%), followed by the 51–60-years age group with 142 (13.0%) participants. In addition to IgG, the overall anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity comprised 12.9% (39/303). A Chi-square analysis shows a statistical significance of anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity based on gender and region with p-values (p=0.047 and p=0.038, respectively). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in anti-CHIK IgM based on age. The age group with the most participants was the 21-30 years with 19.3% (16/83), while those with the least participants were those >60 years. The current study
Keyword: Chikungunya, Serosurvey, Sulawesi, Blood donors, ELISA, qRT-PCR.