Judul: Studi komparatif metabolisme kalsium (Ca) dan fosfor (P) antara kambing dan domba lokal
Abstrak: This research was conducted to study the comparison of calsium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) metabolism between local goat and sheep including comparison Ca and P consumption, Ca and P excreted through fecal and urine, and Ca and P absorption and retention between goat and sheep and diierent sex (male and female). Twenty early weaned local goats and sheep were used in this research were divided into 4 groups with 5 animals in each group there are male and female goats and male and female sheep. Variable measured were Ca and P in feed and water intake and Ca and P in fecal and urine. The results of the research were analyzed using Factorial Groups Randomized Design which factor A was spesies and factor B was sex.
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Judul: Studi perbandingan mikroba rumen antara domba dan kambing lokal
Abstrak: Sheep and goats are a small ruminants. They have similar system of digestion. According to former research there are differences between sheep and goats especially in rumen microbial. The aim of this research is to compare the rumen microbial population and level of alantoin urine between breed (sheep and goat) and sex (male and female). This research used local sheep and goat which its given the same feed based on each body weight of livestock. The design of the experiment was a Randomized Complete Block design, which is factor A was species and factor B was sex with 5 replications. Data were analysed using ANOVA and significant differences will be further tested using Duncan test. The result showed that there is highly significant differences (P<0.01) in total bacteria and protozoa population between sheep and goat. Total bacteria population were highly significant (P<0.01) different between sex but there is no significant different in total protozoa population. The rumen pH showed that there is no significant different between species and sex. The level of alantoin urine are significant different (W0.05) between species, but there is not significant different between species and sex. No correlation between alantoin and population of rumen microbial in sheep and goat.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite