Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri pada Sampel Tanah di Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) Desa Cikolelet, Kecamatan Cinangka, Kabupaten Serang, Banten.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif pada sampel tanah Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) di Desa Cikolelet, Kecamatan Cinangka, Kabupaten Serang, Banten. Sebanyak 14 sampel tanah diambil menggunakan alat soil ring sample dengan teknik pengambilan sampel acak. Kegiatan isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri dilakukan dengan metode kultur, pewarnaan Gram, uji biokimia, dan uji API 20E. Bakteri Gram positif yang teridentifikasi pada sampel tanah di SPR Desa Cikolelet adalah Clostridium botulinum, Actinomyces naeslundii, Staphylococcus spp., dan Micrococcus luteus Biovar II. Adapun bakteri Gram negatif yang teridentifikasi pada sampel tanah di SPR Desa Cikolelet adalah Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. liquefaciens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Enterobacter cloacae, Ochrobactrum anthropi, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Bakteri Clostridium botulinum dan Enterobacter cloacae merupakan bakteri yang bersifat patogen pada kerbau, sedangkan bakteri Actinomyces naeslundii, Staphylococcus spp., Micrococcus luteus Biovar II, Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. liquefaciens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Ochrobactrum anthropi, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa merupakan bakteri patogen oportunistik yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit pada ternak ketika kondisi kekebalan menurun.
Keyword: API 20E, Gram positif bakteri, Gram negatif bakteri, identifikasi, isolasi, kerbau, Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat, tanah

Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Potensial Patogen pada Sampel Tanah Peternakan Kerbau (Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat) di Desa Tambang Ayam, Kecamatan Anyar, Kabupaten Serang
Abstrak: Banten merupakan salah satu provinsi yang memiliki jumlah populasi dan produksi ternak kerbau terbanyak di Indonesia. Peningkatan produktivitas ternak kerbau harus didukung dengan peternakan yang menunjang berbagai aktivitas ternak, terutama dari kondisi lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sekolah peternakan rakyat melalui sektor kesehatan hewan dengan cara mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri potensial patogen pada sampel tanah peternakan kerbau di Desa Tambang Ayam, Kecamatan Anyar, Kabupaten Serang yang dapat menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi bagi peternak rakyat. Sebanyak 11 sampel tanah diambil acak dengan metode komposit. Pengujian sampel dilakukan dengan menggunakan media API 20 E dan API 50 CHB untuk menentukan spesies bakteri. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa spesies bakteri yang diperoleh terdiri dari 5 bakteri Gram negatif dan 4 bakteri Gram positif. Spesies bakteri tersebut adalah Pseudomonas fluorescens, Photobacterium damselae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibrio parahaemolyticus sebagai bakteri Gram negatif. Sedangkan spesies bakteri Gram positif yang diperoleh adalah Bacillus cereus, Brevibacillus, Bacillus megaterium, dan Bacillus pumilus. Bakteri yang berhasil teridentifikasi berpotensial patogen dan dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi ekonomi ternak adalah Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan Enterobacter cloacae.
Keyword: API, bakteri tanah, identifikasi, Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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