Judul: Microscopic Images of Broiler Chickens Heart (Gallus  domesticus) 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Histopatologi merupakan salah satu metode untuk memperkirakan post mortem interval (PMI) yang dapat mengestimasi waktu kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mikroskopis jantung ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) selama 48 jam setelah kematian. Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler yang dieuthanasia secara dislokasi persendian cervical pada waktu yang bersamaan. Ayam kemudian dibagi menjadi 25 kelompok yang berisi masing-masing tiga ekor. Pengamatan mikroskopis dilakukan setiap dua jam, yaitu pada jam ke 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 setelah kematian. Perubahan mikroskopis yang diamati dari organ jantung adalah kerapatan celah serabut otot jantung, ketebalan serabut otot jantung, perubahan warna dan adanya bakteri. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan software ImageJ dan uji statistik Pearsons untuk melihat perubahan dan hubungan parameter yang diamati dengan waktu setelah kematian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan kerapatan celah serabut otot jantung dan ketebalan serabut otot jantung dengan waktu setelah kematian memiliki kolerasi kuat dengan perubahan yang meliputi celah serabut otot yang melebar dan ketebalan serabut otot yang menipis. Perubahan warna jantung ayam broiler menunjukkan perubahan warna yang semakin memudar dengan kolerasi sedang. Keberadaan koloni bakteri ditemukan pada jam ke-8 dan jumlahnya semakin meningkat. Kata kunci: Ayam broiler, histopatologi, jantung, mikroskopis., Histopathology is a method of estimating post mortem intervals (PMI) that can estimate the time of death. This study aims to determine microscopic changes in the heart of broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) for 48 hours after death. A total of 75 broiler chickens were euthanasia by cervical dislocation at the same time. The chickens are then divided into 25 groups containing three each. Microscopic observations are conducted every two hours, that is, at the 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 hours after death. The microscopic changes observed from the heart organs are the density fibers of the heart muscle fibers, the thickness of the heart muscle fibers, discoloration, and the presence of bacteria. The data analysis was conducted with ImageJ software and Pearsons statistical tests to see changes and relationships of parameters observed with the time after death. The results showed changes in the density of the heart muscle fibers and the thickness of the heart muscle fibers with the time after death had a strong correlation with changes that included widened muscle fiber gaps and thinning muscle fiber thickness. The discoloration of the broiler chicken's heart indicates fading color changes with a moderate correlation. The presence of bacterial colonies is found at the 8th hour, and the number is increasing. Keywords: Broiler chicken, histopathology, heart, microscopic
Keyword: Broiler chicken, histopathology, heart, microscopic

Judul: Microscopic Changes in the Ventricular Organ of Broiler Chickens (Gallus domesticus) Up to 48 Hours after Death
Abstrak: Penentuan waktu kematian pada ayam broiler dapat dilihat dari proses pembusukan yang terjadi pada jasad. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mikroskopis organ ventrikulus ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) sampai 48 jam setelah kematian. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai waktu interval post mortem dan sebagai sumber acuan untuk pengembangan ilmu forensik hewan dibidang perunggasan. Salah satu metode untuk menentukan waktu interval post mortem adalah melalui pengamatan mikroskopis terhadap perubahan post mortem yang terjadi pada organ ventrikulus ayam broiler. Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur 7 hari yang dieuthanasia dengan cara dislokasi persendian leher pada waktu yang bersamaan, kemudiaan diamati 3 ekor ayam per dua jam sampai 48 jam setelah kematian. Analisis perubahan kerapatan tunika mukosa, warna tunika submukosa, dan tunika muskularis organ ventrikulus menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ untuk mengubah warna menjadi data kuantitatif dengan satuan pixel, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis Pearson untuk melihat korelasi hubungan antara interval waktu post mortem dengan perubahan mikroskopis post mortem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan mikroskopis yang terjadi pada organ ventrikulus ayam broiler sampai 48 jam setelah kematian meliputi perubahan kerapatan tunika mukosa yang semakin merenggang serta mengalami deskuamasi dari lapisan koilin, warna tunika submukosa pucat pada akhir pengamatan, dan warna tunika muskularis semakin pucat serta terdapat celah-celah pada bagian tunika muskularis pada akhir pengamatan., Determination of the time of death in broiler chickens can be observed from the decay process that occurs in the body. This study aims to determine the microscopic changes of the ventricular organ of broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) up to 48 hours after death. The results of this study are expected to provide information about after-death time intervals and as a reference sources for the development of animal forensic science in the poultry field. One method to determine after-death time intervals is through microscopic observation of the changes that occurring in the ventricular organ of broiler chickens after death. A total of 75 broilers aged seven days were euthanized through neck joint dislocation at the same time, then observed three chickens per two hours up to 48 hours after death. Analysis of changes in the density of the tunica mucosa, the colour of the tunica submucosa, and the muscularis of the ventricular organs using the ImageJ application to convert the colour into quantitative data in pixel. Data Analysed was using Pearson analysis test to see the correlation between after death time interval and after death microscopic changes. The results showed that the microscopic changes in ventricular organ of broiler chickens up to 48 hours after death included changes in the density of the tunica mucosa that was loosened also desquamation of stratum koilin, the colour of the tunica submucosa was pale at the end of the observation, and the colour of the tunica muscularis was getting paler and there were gaps in the muscularis at the end of the observation.
Keyword: broiler chickens, decomposition, veterinary forensic pathology, ventriculus

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4