Judul: Peranan Kelembagaan dan Tindakan Komunikasi dalam Penyelesaian Konflik di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: The objectives of this research are (1) to analyze the correlation of institutions transparency and accountability to communication actions; (2) to analyze the correlation of institutions transparency and accountability to conflict resolutions; (3) to analyze the correlation of communication actions to conflict resolutions. This research used quantitative approach. The method used questioner, interview, deep interview, and observation. The research had been done in Kampung Legon Pakis, Kampung Cikawung Girang at Desa Ujung Jaya and Kampung Kopi at Desa Kertajaya, Sumur, Pandeglang, Banten. Data was analyze by Correlation of Rank Spearman. The result show that (1) institutions transparency, accountability correlate positively with trend of asking, discussion, and informing action (2) institutions transparancy correlate positively with trend of agree with concensus and disagree with collaborative management, while accountability correlate positively with trend of agree with community empowerment. (3) asking and discussing action correlate positively with trend of agree with concensus, and disagree with collabotative management. While asking and informing action correlate positively with trend of agree with community empowerment
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Judul: Pengembangan Kolaborasi Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai: Kajian Melalui Riset Aksi
Abstrak: Konflik dalam pengelolaan Taman Nasional (TN) Gunung Ciremai terjadi ketika masyarakat di sekitar TN Gunung Ciremai kehilangan akses untuk mengelola kebun campuran (agroforest) yang sudah mereka kembangkan sebelum Gunung Ciremai diubah statusnya menjadi Taman Nasional pada bulan Oktober 2004 melalui Keputusan Menteri Kehutanan No. 424/Menhut-II/2004. Sebanyak 26 desa di sekitar Gunung Ciremai yang termasuk dalam Kabupaten Kuningan, sebelumnya telah membuat kesepakatan dengan Perhutani yang menyatakan bahwa obyek kerjasama adalah lahan di hutan lindung dengan total luas 8.645 hektar. Lahan tersebut dapat dikelola dengan pola agroforestri. Perubahan status dari hutan lindung menjadi Taman Nasional membuat kesepakatan yang dibuat menjadi tidak berlaku lagi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan konflik yang terjadi dan proses penyelesaian yang dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan konflik tersebut, serta mengembangkan kolaborasi dalam pengelolaan TN Gunung Ciremai. Penelitian dilakukan mulai dari bulan September 2006 sampai September 2010. Metode Riset Aksi (Action Research) dilakukan untuk mengumpulkan data dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan kerangka analisis konflik (Moore, 1996) dan analisis kemungkinan kolaborasi (Borrini-Fayerabend, 1996) digunakan untuk menggambarkan sejauh mana kolaborasi sudah dikembangkan. Proses penyelesaian konflik yang dilakukan melalui 8 tahap yaitu investigasi, analisis stakeholder, persiapan negosiasi, mendiskusikan pilihan-pilihan skenario, negosiasi, pro-aktif dalam menanggapi hasil negosiasi, konsolidasi setelah negosiasi dilakukan, dan internalisasi hasil negosiasi. Proses penyelesaian konflik yang dilakukan berhasil mengubah sikap konfrontatif para pihak menjadi kolaboratif. Sikap ini menjadi landasan yang kuat bagi pengembangan strategi kolaborasi dalam pengelolaan TN Gunung Ciremai. Strategi kolaborasi yang dikembangkan untuk pengelolaan TN Gunung Ciremai meliputi konseptualisasi, advokasi kebijakan TN Gunung Ciremai, diskusi payung hukum kolaborasi, membuat pedoman kolaborasi, serta melaksanakan kolaborasi. Kolaborasi yang telah dikembangkan cukup berhasil didorong menjadi pendekatan dalam pengelolaan TN Gunung Ciremai. Pendekatan kolaborasi telah diimplementasikan oleh pengelola TN Gunung Ciremai dalam bentuk berbagai kerjasama dengan masyarakat dengan para pihak (stakeholders) di daerah.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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