Judul: Sebaran Bersama Berbasis Copula dan Coincidence Probability antara Data Curah Hujan dan Hari Tanpa Hujan di Sumatera Bagian Selatan
Abstrak: El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dan Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) dapat memengaruhi penurunan intensitas curah hujan dan peningkatan hari tanpa hujan yang dapat menyebabkan kekeringan dan meningkatkan potensi kebakaran hutan. Penelitian ini mengkaji pengaruh kondisi ENSO dan IOD terhadap sebaran bersama curah hujan dan hari tanpa hujan di daerah rawan kebakaran di Sumatera bagian selatan, Indonesia. Daerah rawan kebakaran didefinisikan menggunakan k-mean clustering, sedangkan parameter copula diestimasi menggunakan metode inference of function for margins (IFM). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kondisi ENSO dan IOD tidak berpengaruh nyata pada musim hujan tetapi sangat berpengaruh pada musim kemarau. Sementara itu, berdasarkan coincidence probability, kondisi ENSO masih memengaruhi sebaran bersama antara curah hujan dan hari tanpa hujan pada musim hujan tetapi tidak dengan kondisi IOD. El Nino Moderat-Kuat memiliki coincidence probability paling besar sebesar 86.53%, diikuti IOD Positif sebesar 83.96% pada musim kemarau. Oleh karena itu, hubungan antara curah hujan dan hari tanpa hujan di musim kemarau lebih kuat daripada di musim hujan., El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) can affect in decreasing rainfall intensity (precipitation) and in increasing days without rain, a.k.a dry spells, which can cause drought and the potential for forest fires. This study examines the effect of ENSO and IOD conditions on the joint distribution of precipitation and dry spells in southern Sumatra, Indonesia. Fire-prone areas are defined using k-mean clustering, while the copula parameters are estimated using the inference of functions for margin (IFM) method. The result shows that the ENSO and IOD conditions have no significant effect in the rainy season but they are very influential in the dry season. Meanwhile, based on coincidence probability, ENSO conditions still affect the joint distribution between precipitation and dry spells in the rainy season but IOD conditions do not. Moderate-Strong El Nino has the highest coincidence probability of 86.53%, followed by Positive IOD of 83.96% in the dry season. Therefore, the relationship between precipitation and dry spells in the dry season is stronger than it is in the rainy season.
Keyword: Coincidence Probability, Copula, ENSO, IOD, Precipitation

Judul: Analisis Sebaran Bersama antara Curah Hujan, Hari Tanpa Hujan,  ENSO, dan IOD Berbasis Partially Nested Archimedean 4-Copula
Abstrak: Penurunan suhu permukaan laut adalah dampak dari terjadinya fenomena Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) negatif dan fase hangat El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Hal tersebut secara tidak langsung berpengaruh kepada berkurangnya intensitas curah hujan. Oleh karena itu, kekeringan dapat terjadi dan menjadi pemicu kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membentuk sebaran bersama antara curah hujan, hari tanpa hujan, ENSO, dan IOD di Kalimantan. Data dikelompokkan berdasarkan kondisi musim yaitu musim kemarau dan hujan. Sebaran bersama dari seluruh data diperoleh setelah tiga kali pembentukan fungsi copula bivariat atau biasa disebut dengan partially nested Archimedean 4-copula. Parameter copula diestimasi berdasarkan metode Inference of Function for Margins (IFM). Hasil fitting parameter copula menunjukkan bahwa copula BB1 dan BB7 adalah copula yang paling cocok, masing-masing untuk membentuk sebaran bersama antar indikator pada musim kemarau dan hujan., The decrease in sea surface temperature is the result of the negative Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) phenomenon and the warm phase of El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO). This indirectly affects in decreasing rainfall intensity (precipitation). Therefore, a drought can occur and trigger forest and land fires. This study aims to establish a joint distribution between precipitation, dry spells, ENSO, and IOD in Kalimantan. Data are grouped based on seasonal conditions, namely dry and rainy seasons. The joint distribution of all data is obtained after three times formation of a bivariate copula function or commonly referred to as partially nested Archimedean 4-copula. Copula parameters are estimated based on the Inference Function method for Margins (IFM). The result of fitting the copula parameter shows that copulas BB1 and BB7 are the most suitable copulas, respectively, to form a joint distribution between indicators in the dry and rainy seasons.
Keyword: ENSO, IOD, Kekeringan, Nested Archimedean Copula

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography