Judul: Efektivitas Penggunaan Probiotik Padat dan Cair untuk Menurunkan Kadar Amonia (NH3) dan Hidrogen Sulfida (H2S) Feses Sapi Potong
Abstrak: Livestock production system could result in various environmental problems which should be reduced. Faeces of beef cattle contain several odor producing compounds (ammonia, NH3, and hydrogen sulfide, H2S) that may have negative effect on animal production. Probiotic supplementation (solid and liquid probiotic) is one alternative for reducing nitrogen excretion and other noxious gas. The aim of this study was to asses the effectivity of solid and liquid probiotic supplementation for reducing fecal NH3 and H2S concentrations in beef cattle. Eighteen local beef cattle (average initial body weight, BW, 448.8±7.16 kg) were allocated into three dietary treatments in a randomized block design (six cattles per treatments). Dietary treatments included: P1 as conrol (forage+concentrate+rice bran); P2 (P1+solid probiotic 0.25% w/w); and P3 (P1+liquid probiotic 0.1% v/w). Results showed that probiotic addition decreased significantly faecal NH3 concentration (P<0.05), but had no effect on H2S concentration. Suplementation with solid probiotic was more effective for decreasing fecal NH3 concentration than liquid probiotic supplementation.
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Judul: Efektivitas Pemberian Probiotik Cair pada Taraf Berbeda terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan in vitro Ransum Sapi Potong
Abstrak: The aim of this experiment was to study the effect of liquid probiotic supplementation at different levels on in vitro fermentation and digestibility of beef cattle ration. The fermentability experiment used factorial randomized block design 3x4 with four replicates. Factor A was beef cattle ration without or with liquid probiotic supplementation at different levels: A1=control ration, A2=A1 + 0.1% (vw-1) liquid probiotic, and A3=A1 + 0.2% (vw-1) liquid probiotic. Factor B was incubation periods: 0, 1, 2, and 3 hours. The digestibility experiment used randomized block design with three probiotic treatments (A1, A2, A3) and four replications. The result showed that NH3, total VFA concentrations, bacterial population and digestibility were influenced by liquid probiotic supplementation at different levels. Incubation time influenced pH and those variables except digestibility; however, these treatments did not produce significant effect on degradability, protozoa and microbial protein synthesis. The result of polynomial orthogonal test showed that A3 is the optimal treatment.
Keyword: liquid probiotic, fermentability, digestibility, degradability

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology