Judul: Identifikasi Defisiensi Genetik Complex Vertebral Malformation  pada Sapi Friesian-Holstein
Abstrak: Complex vertebral malformation (CVM) merupakan defisiensi genetik akibat adanya gen resesif autosomal pada sapi perah. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh substitusi guanin menjadi timin pada nukleotida 559 pada gen SLC35A3 yang mengkodekan UDP-N-asetilglukosamin transporter. Mutasi ini menyebabkan perubahan asam amino valin menjadi fenilalanin pada asam amino 180 (V180F). Sapi penderita CVM mengalami sejumlah deformasi anatomi terutama pada bagian serviks dan toraks pada tulang belakang, reduksi tulang rusuk dan pemendekan tulang pada kaki depan dan belakang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi defisiensi genetik CVM pada sapi Friesian-Holstein menggunakan metode Polymerase chain reaction–primer introduced restriction analysis (PCR-PIRA). PCR-PIRA adalah metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi mutasi dengan mengintroduksikan situs restriksi artifisial menggunakan primer yang dimodifikasi. Pada penelitian ini, 111 sapi Friesian-Holstein yang berasal dari peternakan Pondok Rangon Jakarta, peternakan rakyat Lembang, BIB Lembang, dan BPTU Baturraden telah dideteksi. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sapi tersebut normal. Walaupun tidak ditemukan sapi karier CVM pada penelitian ini, namun penyakit ini harus tetap diwaspadai. Deteksi dini secara genetik terhadap calon induk baik jantan maupun betina sangat diperlukan untuk mencegah penyebaran alel resesif CVM.
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Judul: Early Detection of Genetic Disorders of Complex Vertebral Malformation and Factor XI Deficiency in Holstein-Friesian.
Abstrak: Complex vertebral malformation (CVM) and factor XI deficiency (FIID) are genetic disorders caused by autosomal recessive genes in cattle. CVM is due to mutation in SLC35A3 gene at exon 4 of chromosome BTA3 encoding for a UDP-N-acetylglucosamine transporter. The substitution of guanine by thymine at nucleotide position 559 in SLC35A3 gene will change valine by phenylalanine at position 180 (V180F). Calves affected by this mutation have numerous anatomical deformations. While FIID is due to insertion of 76 bp in a Factor XI gene at exon 12 of chromosomes 17. Calves affected by this insertion can be asymtomatic or show a number of indicator that may include prolonged bleeding after injection, production of bloody milk and anemia. The aim of this research was to develop detecting method of the genetic disorders of CVM and FllD in Holstein-Fresian cattle by polymerase chain reaction method. Genotyping of 676 Holstein-Friesian blood sample from breeding center and small-scale husbandaries were analyzed. Five of all succesfull amplified samples were detected as FI1D carriers but no CVM allele was found. As FI1D carrier, animal was in a normal performance. The F 11 D carriers were supposed coming from old population before the last decades. Eventhough Indonesian's Holstein-Fresian population lack of CVM carrier, all stakeholders need to be aware. The early warning system resulted from this research could be useful to prevent the introduction of mutated alleles in Indonesian dairy cattle population.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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