Judul: Development of seed vigour testing method using single count of radicle emergence for true seed of shallots (Allium ascalonicum B.).
Abstrak: Seed vigour is one of the seed parameters that determines the quality of seed for successful crop production. Looking into the complexity of the situation, the ISTA congress of 1995 adopted the definition of seed vigour as "the sum total of those properties of the seed which determine the level of activity and performance of the seed or seed lot during germination and seedling emergence". Seed deterioration resulting from production and storage factors are the major cause of the differences in seed vigour that results in low seedling emergence in both the laboratory and in the field, hence a loss in seed vigour The experiment was conducted at IPB University (Bogor Agricultural University) to develop a seed vigour testing method for the true seed of shallots (TSS) using single counts of radicle emergence (RE) that can be used to estimate and predict the germination percentage of normal seedlings in the laboratory and field emergence. The research was conducted in three phases with experiment 1; determination of a single count for RE, experiment 2 was done to verify the RE method on naturally deteriorated seed stored under two different conditions for a period of 6 months, and experiment 3 was done to improve RE through seed invigoration. TSS of two varieties were used in this study i.e. Bima and Trisula harvested on 4th and 10th October 2018 cropping season respectively. Four seed lots from Trisula and five seed lots from Bima were artificially made by exposing the seeds to accelerated aging treatment and used in experiment 1. The second and third experiment used Trisula (92.0% germination), harvested on 3rd November 2018. Seed lots were artificially made which consisted of nine seed lots for experiment 1. Seed lots were germinated at two different temperatures i.e. 20±1℃ and 25±1℃. The experiments were arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a repeated measurement for RE and randomized complete block design (RCBD) for seedling vigour in the field with four replicates. Results showed that a single count of RE at 68 or 72 hours for seed lots germinated at 20±1℃ or 25±1℃ respectively were able to predict germination percentage in the laboratory 12 days after sowing and field emergence 14 days after sowing. Regression and correlation analysis values for a single count of RE were predictive to germination percentage with r = 0.891 and R 2 = 0.951 for seed lots germinated at 20±1℃ or r = 0.924 and R2 = 0.875 for seed lots germinated at 25±1℃ which were all significant. RE further predicted mean germination time (MGT) r = -0.543 and R2 = 0.801 (p < 0.05) for seed lots germinated at 20±1℃ or r = -0.818 and R2 = -0.553 for seed lots germinated at 25±1℃. Furthermore, RE was predictive to field emergence (FE %) with r = 0.953 and R2 = 0.909 (p<0.05) and r = 0.865 and R2 = 0.732 (p<0.01) for seed lots germinated at 20±1℃ or 25±1℃ respectively. Results further indicated that RE was able to separate seed lots of TSS that deteriorated naturally for a period of six
Keyword: Field emergence, germination, invigoration, vigour index, viability

Judul: Development of Rapid Vigor Test Using Radicle Emergence Method on Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.)
Abstrak: Pengembangan pengujian mutu benih khususnya uji vigor diperlukan agar evaluasi mutu benih yang didapat lebih cepat, tepat, praktis, dan sesuai dengan kondisi lapangan. Uji pemunculan radikula [(radicle emergence (RE)] merupakan salah satu metode uji vigor yang telah divalidasi ISTA pada benih jagung, oilseed rape dan lobak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan metode uji RE pada benih kacang panjang dengan menentukan waktu pengamatan pemunculan radikula yang tepat serta mengkorelasikan uji RE dengan uji tolok ukur mutu fisiologis lainnya dan daya tumbuh benih di lapangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu dan Teknologi Benih dan Kebun Percobaan Cikabayan, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor, pada bulan Juni sampai dengan Agustus 2020. Benih yang digunakan adalah sembilan lot benih kacang panjang varietas KP-01 dan KP-12 yang memiliki tingkat viabilitas dan tanggal panen yang berbeda-beda, didapatkan dari PT. BISI International Tbk. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk pengujian RE adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal yaitu lot benih dengan pola pengamatan berulang pada jam ke-24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, dan 42 setelah pengecambahan. Pengujian mutu fisiologis dan daya tumbuh benih di lapangan juga menggunakan RKLT faktor tunggal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa uji RE pada benih kacang panjang setelah dikecambahkan pada suhu 25± 2 °C dan diamati pada 33 jam ± 15 menit setelah pengecambahan, terbukti berkorelasi negatif sangat kuat dengan rataan waktu berkecambah., Development of seed quality tests, especially vigor tests, is needed so that the evaluation of the seed quality obtained is a faster, more precise, and simple method, and correlated with field conditions. Radicle emergence (RE) is one of the vigor testing methods that has been validated by ISTA for maize, oilseed rape and radish seeds. This research aimed to develop the RE test method on long bean seeds by determining the observation time of the RE test and correlating it with other seed physiological quality tests and seedling emergence tests in the field. The research was conducted at Seed Science and Technology Laboratory and Cikabayan Experimental Station, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Bogor Agricultural University from June to August 2020. The seeds used were nine lots of long bean seeds cv. KP-01 and KP-12 which had different levels of viability and harvesting ages, were obtained from PT. BISI International Tbk. The experimental design used for RE testing was a randomized completely block design (RCBD) using single-factor seed lots with repeated measurements at 24, 27, 30, 33, 36, 39, and 42 hours after sowing. An RCBD with a single factor (seed lots) was also used to test the seed’s physiological quality and seedling emergence in the field. The results showed that the RE test on long bean seeds after sowing at 25 ± 2 °C and observed after 33 hours ± 15 minutes was closely negatively correlated with mean germination time
Keyword: mean germination time, seed lot, seed physiological quality

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf