Judul: Management of Plant Pest Organisms in the Hydroponic Cultivation System at PT Lumina Agro Madania Bogor
Abstrak: Hidroponik sebagai sistem budi daya pertanian modern dapat menjadi alternatif cara bercocok tanam yang cukup ideal. Namun, terlepas dari berbagai keunggulan yang dimilikinya, hidroponik juga masih tidak luput dari serangan OPT, begitupun yang terjadi di PT Lumina Agro Madania. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari sistem budi daya, gangguan, dan cara pengelolaan OPT di PT Lumina Agro Madania Bogor. Data lapang diperoleh dengan melakukan skoring penyakit dan memasang yellow-sticky trap di 2 petak rumah kaca yang ditanami selada Green romaine dan Lollorossa. Setiap petak diambil 20 tanaman contoh per varietas secara acak sistematis dengan 5 interval. Pengamatan lapang meliputi: aspek budi daya, keragaman jenis serangga, insidensi dan severitas penyakit, serta cara pengelolaan OPT. Sedangkan, pengujian laboratorium meliputi: menguji sampel benih dengan teknik blotter test, mengisolasi dan melakukan karakterisasi cendawan patogen dari daun bergejala, dan mengidentifikasi OPT. Data-data yang diperoleh ditabulasi dengan Microsoft Office Excel 2013 dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Data tingkat infeksi cendawan benih dianalisis ragam menggunakan SAS 9.0 dengan uji lanjut Tukey pada α=0.05. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tanaman terserang penyakit bercak daun Cercospora longissima dengan tingkat insidensi 100% dan severitas ≥ 25%. Keragaman jenis serangga yang pada hasil trap didominasi oleh ordo Diptera, diikuti ordo Coleoptera, Hemiptera, dan Hymenoptera. Hasil pengujian benih dan isolasi daun bergejala menunjukkan keragaman morfologi karakter cendawan yang cukup beragam. Pengelolaan OPT yang dilakukan oleh perusahaan menggunakan yellow-bottle trap dan pestisida nabati komersial., Hydroponics is a modern agricultural cultivation system that can be an ideal alternative way of farming. However, apart from the various advantages it offers, hydroponics can still be attacked by pests and disease, as happened at PT Lumina Agro Madania. This study aims to study the cultivation system, disturbance, and how to manage the pest and disease in PT Lumina Agro Madania Bogor. Field data was obtained by scoring the disease and installing yellow-sticky traps on 2 greenhouse plots planted with Green romaine and Lollorossa lettuce. For each plot, 20 sample plants per variety were taken systematically randomly with 5 intervals. Field observations include aspects of cultivation, diversity of insects, disease incidence and severity, as well as pest and disease management methods. Meanwhile, laboratory tests include tested seed samples using the blotter test technique, isolated and characterized pathogenic fungi from symptomatic leaves, and identified pests and diseases. The data obtained were tabulated with Microsoft Office Excel 2013 software and analyzed descriptively. The fungal infection rate data obtained from the blotter test were analyzed for variance using the SAS 9.0 program with Tukey's further test at α=0.05. The results showed that the plant was attacked by Cercospora longissima leaf spot disease with an incidence rate of 100% and a severity of ≥ 25%. The diversity of insect species in the trap results was dominated by the Diptera order, followed by the Coleoptera, Hemiptera, and Hymenoptera orders. The results of seed testing and symptomatic leaf isolation showed quite diverse morphological characteristics of the fungi. The pest and disease management carried out by the company uses yellow-bottle traps and commercial botanical pesticides.
Keyword: greenhouse, horticulture, IPM (integrated pest management), pest and disease, sticky trap

Judul: Pengendalian Hama dan Penyakit Tanaman Stroberi dengan Sistem Biointensif di La Fresa Farm, Kabupaten Bandung
Abstrak: Pengendalian hama dan penyakit stroberi (Fragaria X ananassa) yang umum dilakukan adalah dengan penyemprotan pestisida yang dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Hal ini mendorong pengembangan produksi stroberi yang ramah lingkungan dengan sistem biointensif. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi hama dan penyakit serta mengetahui pengaruh sistem biointensif terhadap hama, penyakit dan produksi stroberi. Pengamatan dilakukan setiap minggu sebanyak tujuh kali dengan menginventarisasi jenis dan populasi hama serta intensitas penyakit pada tiga lahan dengan metode penanaman berbeda, yaitu rak, bedengan, dan polybag. Pengujian biointensif dilaksanakan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga perlakuan kombinasi mikroba dan solarisasi serta perlakuan pestisida kimia dan kontrol. Mikroba agens hayati yang digunakan adalah Bacillus polymixa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium sp., Lecanicillium sp., Bacillus thuringiensis, Serratia marcescens dan Trichoderma hamatum. Tungau, thrips, dan ulat grayak ditemukan dengan populasi masing-masing 0,31-1,74 ekor/tanaman, 0,08-0,51 ekor/tanaman, dan 0,08-1,63 ekor/tanaman. Penyakit yang dominan ditemukan adalah bercak daun (Neopestalotiopsis sp.) dengan insidensi 41-100% dan severitas 10,25-38%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa solarisasi tanah dapat meningkatkan suhu tanah hingga 58,50 oC. Sistem biointensif dapat menekan severitas penyakit bercak daun dan ulat grayak serta meningkatkan produksi lebih baik dibandingkan kontrol. Produksi tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan BIO 2 dan BIO 3 sebesar 37,14 dan 36,96 g/tanaman., Strawberry (Fragaria X ananassa) pests and diseases control are commonly carried out by spraying pesticides that can cause negative impacts on the environment. This encourages the development of environmentally friendly strawberry production with a biointensive system. This study aims to inventory pests and diseases and to determine the influence of biointensive systems on pests, diseases and strawberry production. Observations were carried out seven times a week by inventorying the types, populations of pests and disease intensity in three fields with different planting methods, namely racks, beds and polybags. The biointensive test was carried out using a randomized block design with three treatments combining microbes and solarization as well as chemical pesticide treatments and control. The biocontrol microbes used include Bacillus polymixa, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Rhizobium sp., Lecanicillium sp., Bacillus thuringiensis, Serratia marcescens and Trichoderma hamatum. Mites, thrips, and armyworms were found with populations of 0,31-1,74 individuals/plant, 0,08-0,51 individuals/plant and 0,08-1,63 individuals/plant, respectively. The dominant disease found was leaf spot (Neopestalotiopsis sp.) with an incidence of 41-100% and a severity of 10,25-38%. The test results showed that soil solarization can increase soil temperature up to 58,50 oC. The biointensive system can suppress the severity of leaf spot and armyworm and increase production better than control. The highest production was found at BIO 2 and BIO 3 treatments of 37,14 and 36,96 g/plant.
Keyword: Bacillus polymixa, Bacillus thuringiensis, Lecanicillium sp., Pseudomonas fluorescens, Trichoderma hamatum

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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