Judul: Isolasi Bakteri Proteolitik, Karakterisasi, dan Aplikasi Enzim Protease pada Kokon Cricula trifenestrata
Abstrak: Goldsilk is silk fiber that made by human which it get from Cricula trifenestrata cocoon. Existence of proteolitic bacterias from cocoon have potential to influence quality of goldsilk. The aims of the experiment were to get proteolytic bacteria, characterize the protease enzyme and apply protease on goldsilk cocoon. A total of 26 proteolytic bacteria were isolated from good and bad cocoons. Nutrient Broth (NB) and Nutrient Agar (NA) containing 1% skim milk used as growth media. Isolate CKH 7 and CKK 7 are selected for protease production because they have the highest protease activity. CKH 7 and CKK 7 were identified as Aeromonas salmonicida ssp salmonicida and Vibrio fluvialis. Highest protease productivity reached after 9 hour incubation. Optimum protease activity of isolate CKH 7 at pH 8 and temperature 25 °C. Its activity increased by the presence of 2 mM Na2+ and Ca2+. Activity isolate CKK 7 optimum showed at pH 5, reached after 12 hour incubation and temperature 35°C. Its activity increased by the presence of 2 mM Cu2+, Co2+ and Ca2+. Protease of CKH 7 characterized as metalloprotease. Result of submerge cocoon in protease and continued by NaOH 0,1 N are fiber be clean, shiny, and not easy cut off.
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Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Kitinolitik Penghambat Pertumbuhan Cendawan Patogen Asal Kokon Cricula trifenestrata
Abstrak: Gold Silkworm’s cocoon is a coat of Cricula trifenestrata’s pupa that include part of life cycle. The fiber which is resulted from processing cocoon has high economic value because the specific of gold colour that doesn’t have any else cocoon. However, on the process often occurred many problems that could decrease quantity and quality of cocoon, such as attack from pathogenic fungi. For controlling of the pathogenic fungi has been used chemical agent, but using regularly caused some negative effects. As alternative using chitinolytic bacteria as biocontrol, because of chitin is the highest component of the fungi cell wall. Therefore the objectives of this research were to isolate and identify of chitinolytic bacteria that inhibited fungi pathogen which isolated from cocoon of C. trifenestrata. 17 strains chitinolytic bacteria were isolated from two samples cocoon of health pupa and sick pupa. There were four isolates CH2, CH10, CS1, and CS4 had highest value of chitinolytic index. CH10 and CS1 strains showed highest chitinase activity, both isolates were identified using MicrogenTM GenA+B ID System and categorized as Shewanella putrefaciens. Scopulariopsis sp. and FC (unidentified) were isolated from cocoon of sick pupa. Strain CH10 inhibited FC on culture bacteria test but not from its in chitinase. Scopulariosis sp. had been inhibited by culture and its chitinase.
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Judul: Pemodelan Debit Banjir Pada DAS Sadar Propinsi Jawa Timur Berdasarkan Prediksi Curah Hujan dan Perubahan Penggunaan Lahan
Abstrak: DAS Sadar merupakan salah satu sub DAS Brantas bagian hilir yang memerlukan perhatian khusus dalam pengelolaan banjir. Sejak lima tahun terakhir telah terjadi lebih dari 10 kejadian banjir yang melanda wilayah DAS Sadar, sehingga diperlukan suatu studi untuk memperkirakan kejadian banjir berikutnya. DAS Sadar merupakan sub-DAS dari DAS Brantas yang telah mendapat status kritis sejak tahun 1989. Status kritis ini akan terus bertambah seiring dengan adanya perubahan penggunaan lahan yang tidak tepat. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi pada DAS Sadar diantaranya banjir dan tanah longsor. Penyebab banjir diantaranya adalah adanya perubahan penggunaan lahan serta perubahan iklim yang tidak menentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perubahan penggunaan lahan dan perubahan iklim terhadap debit banjir di DAS Sadar pada tahun 2030. Metode Supervised Classification (Klasifikasi terbimbing) digunakan untuk menganalisis perubahan penggunaan lahan dan prediksi penggunaan lahan menggunakan perangkat lunak QGIS dengan plugin MOLUSCE (Modules for Land Use Change Simulations). Prediksi iklim dianalisis dengan bantuan perangkat lunak SDSM 4.2 (Statistical Downscaling Model). Pendekatan debit banjir dianalisis menggunakan model HEC-HMS yang merupakan salah satu model dengan akurasi yang cukup tinggi untuk analisis aliran. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil bahwa perubahan penggunaan lahan terbesar pada tahun 2030 adalah lahan terbangun (permukiman, industri, jalan, dll) yang mengalami peningkatan sebesar 8,1% atau sekitar 31,4 km2, sedangkan lahan pertanian pada tahun 2030 mengalami penurunan sebesar 3,8% atau sekitar 14,7 km2. Prediksi curah hujan pada tahun 2030 berdasarkan kurva PDF mengalami kenaikan hingga 6,3 mm/hari dengan nilai probabilitas yang sama. Debit banjir maksimum untuk penggunaan lahan pada tahun 2020 sebesar 53,7 m3/dtk, sedangkan debit banjir maksimum prediksi pada tahun 2030 dibagi dalam tiga analisis skenario. Skenario pertama (Curah hujan historis dan penggunaan lahan proyeksi tahun 2030) sebesar 63,8 m3/dtk. Pada skenario kedua (Curah hujan proyeksi tahun 2030 dan penggunaan lahan historis), debit banjir maksimum adalah 70 m3/dtk dan skenario terakhir (Curah hujan proyeksi dan penggunaan lahan proyeksi tahun 2030) adalah 72 m3/dtk. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor dominan penyebab peningkatan debit banjir adalah perubahan iklim dengan peningkatan debit sebesar 16,3 m3/dtk. Kata kunci: perubahan penggunaan lahan, iklim, debit banjir, prediksi, banjir., The Sadar watershed is one of the Brantas downstream sub-watersheds that requires special attention in flood management. Since the last five years there have been more than ten flood events that have hit the Sadar watershed area, so it is needed to estimate the next flood event. The Sadar watershed is a part of the Brantas watershed which has received a critical status since 1989. This critical status will increase if there’s a bad changes in land use. Problems that often occur in the Sadar watershed include floods and landslides. The causes of the flood are changes in land use and climate change. This study aims to analyze the effect of land use change and climate change on flood discharge in the Sadar watershed in 2030. The Supervised Classification method was used to analyze land use changes and land use predictions using QGIS software with the MOLUCE plugin (Modules for Land Use Change Simulation). Climate prediction analysis with SDSM (Statistical Downscaling Model) software. The flood discharge approach was analyzed using the
Keyword: land use change, climate, flood discharge, prediction, flood