Judul: Effectiveness of Ambon Banana Stems Extract for Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia Disease Prevention on Catfish Juvenile Clarias gariepinus
Abstrak: Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen penyebab penyakit yang umumnya menjadi ancaman penyebab kematian pada produksi ikan air tawar, seperti pada produksi ikan lele. Salah satu bahan fitofarmaka yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah penyebab penyakit pada ikan adalah batang pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon terhadap infeksi A.hydrophila pada benih ikan lele. Penelitian ini terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yang meliputi perlakuan kontrol - (tanpa perendaman ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon dan tanpa diuji tantang A.hydrophila), kontrol + (tanpa perendaman ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon dan diuji tantang A.hydrophila), konsentrasi perendaman ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon 0,5%, 1%, dan 1,5%. Benih ikan lele dengan panjang rata-rata 2,41±0,22 cm dan bobot rata-rata 0,11±0,03 g direndam pada ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon selama 30 menit dan dilakukan selama 7 hari. Uji tantang dilakukan pada hari ke-8 dengan melakukan perendaman benih ikan lele pada bakteri A.hydrophila (106 CFU/mL) selama 60 menit. Perendaman benih ikan lele pada ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon dengan konsentrasi 0,5% memberikan tingkat kelangsungan hidup terbaik pasca uji tantang dengan bakteri A.hydrophila sebesar 78,53±5,69%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup benih ikan lele pasca uji tantang pada perlakuan ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon 0,5% (78,53±5,69%) berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap perlakuan kontrol positif (41,18±6,18%)., Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the pathogenic bacteria that cause disease which generally be a threat to cause death in freshwater fish production, such as catfish production. An alternative phyto-pharmacy ingredients that can be used to prevent disease of fish is ambon banana stems (Musa paradisiaca). This study aimed to test the effectiveness of ambon banana stems extract against A.hydrophila infection on catfish juvenile. This study consisted of five treatments and three repetitions that were control - (without immersed in ambon banana stems extract and without challenge test by A.hydrophila), control + (without immersed in ambon banana stems extract and with challenge test of A.hydrophila), concentrations of ambon banana stems extract were 0,5%, 1%, and 1,5%. Catfish juvenile with average length of 2,41±0,22 cm and average weight of 0,11±0,03 g were immersed in the extract of ambon banana stems for 30 minutes and carried out for 7 days. The challenge test was implemented on the 8th day by immersed the catfish juvenile in A.hydrophila bacteria (106 CFU/mL) for 60 minutes. The immersion of catfish juvenile in ambon banana stems extract by 0,5% concentrations provide the best survival rate post the challenge test with A.hydrophila bacteria as much as 78,53±5,69%. Research result shows that the catfish juvenile’s survival rate post challenge test of 0,5% (78,53±5,69%) ambon banana stems extract treatment is significantly different (P<0,05) to positive control (41,18±6,18%) treatment.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, ambon banana stems, catfish, survival rate

Judul: Prevention of Motile Aeromonad Septicemia in Tilapia  Larvae with Ambon Banana Stem Extract
Abstrak: Produksi ikan nila dapat ditingkatkan dengan mencegah kematian ikan pada fase larva. Fase larva pada ikan adalah fase yang rentan terserang penyakit, salah satunya Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) yang diinfeksi oleh Aeromonas hydrophila. Salah satu cara untuk mencegah MAS adalah dengan perendaman menggunakan ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis optimum perendaman larva ikan nila dengan ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon untuk pencegahan infeksi A. hydrophila. Bahan uji yang digunakan adalah larva ikan nila, batang pisang ambon dan bakteri A. hydrophila. Penelitian terdiri dari perlakuan K+ (tanpa perendaman dengan ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon dan diuji tantang dengan A. hydrophila), dosis perendaman ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon (0,1% (v/v), 0,25%(v/v) dan 0,5%(v/v)) selama 30 menit. Pemeliharaan larva dilakukan selama 14 hari dan diuji tantang pada hari ke-8 dengan kepadatanbakteri 104 CFU/mL (LC50) sebanyak 1 mL/60 ekor dan direndam selama satu jam kemudian dipindahkan ke wadah pemeliharaan. Perendaman dengan ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon dapat meningkatkan sintasan pada larva ikan nila yang diuji tantang dengan A. hydrophila. Dosis perendaman ekstrak batang pisang ambon pada larva ikan nila adalah 0,25% dan 0,5% dengan sintasan sebesar 90,01±1,81% dan nilai RPS sebesar 84,54% yang didukung dengan parameter respon imun berupa aktivitas lisozim. Kata kunci: Aeromonas hydrophila, batang pisang, ikan nila, sintasan, Tilapia production can be increased by preventing fish mortality in the larval stage. The larval phase in fish is a phase that is susceptible to disease, one of which is Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) which is infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. One way to prevent MAS is by soaking using the extract of the brewed banana stem of Ambon. This study aims to determine the optimum dose of immersion of tilapia larvae with ambon banana stem extract to prevent A. hydrophila infection. The test materials used were tilapia larvae, Ambon banana stem and A. hydrophila bacteria. The study consisted of K + treatment (without immersion in the extract of ambon banana stem and challenged with A. hydrophila), immersion dose of ambon banana stem extract (0.1%(v/v), 0.25%(v/v) and 0.5%(v/v)) for 30 minutes. Larva rearing was carried out for 14 days and tested on the 8th day with a bacterial density of 104 CFU / mL (LC50) of 1 mL / 60 and soaked for one hour then transferred to a rearing container. Soaking with the extract of ambon banana stem brewed can increase survival in tilapia larvae that were challenged with A. hydrophila. The immersion dose for Ambon banana stem extract in tilapia larvae is 0.25% and 0.5% with a survival rate of 90.01 ± 1.81% and an RPS value of 84.54% which is supported by immune response parameters in the form of lysozyme activity. Key words: Aeromonas hydrophila, banana stem, survival rate, tilapia
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Banana stem, Survival rate, tilapia

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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