Judul: Eksplorasi dan Uji Potensi Nematoda Entomopatogen Heterorhabditis sp. terhadap Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) secara In Vivo
Abstrak: Penggunaan insektisida sintetik mempunyai dampak negatif seperti pencemaran lingkungan, tertinggalnya residu pestisida, dan matinya beberapa musuh alami. Pentingnya pengendalian hayati akan terus bertambah pada saat sekarang ini. Terutama dalam pertanian berkelanjutan dan pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan. Upaya tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menggali potensi organismeorganisme yang berasal dari lingkungan sekitar, antara lain nematoda entomopatogen (NEP) yang selanjutnya dimanfaatkan sebagai bioinsektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi spesies-spesies nematoda entomopatogen yang efektif untuk pengendalian hama dengan menggunakan serangga uji Tenebrio molitor. Metode yang digunakan adalah: eksplorasi, identifikasi, dan uji efikasi. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan menguji sampel tanah yang berasal dari wilayah Bogor dan Sukabumi. Setelah itu, uji efikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan lima tingkat konsentrasi JI (Juvenil Infektif) 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 JI/ml. Persentase mortalitas dihitung pada jam ke-24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, dan 60 setelah infestasi JI. Nematoda entomopatogen yang di peroleh dari hasil eksplorasi teridentifikasi sebagai genus Heterorhabditis sp. dengan kemampuan mematikan serangga Tenebrio molitor pada kisaran kerapatan dan waktu uji, yaitu sebesar 42.85 % mortalitas tergolong sangat efektif dengan berkisar antara 96.67-100.00%, 5.71% mortalitas tergolong efektif dengan berkisar antara 76.67-80.00%, 11.42% mortalitas tergolong cukup efektif dengan berkisar antara 60.00- 70.00%, 5.71% mortalitas tergolong agak efektif dengan berkisar antara 40.00-43.33%, 8.57% mortalitas tergolong kurang efektif dengan berkisar antara 30.00-36.67%, dan 28.57% mortalitas tergolong tidak efektif dengan berkisar antara 0.00-23.33%. Berdasarkan nilai lethal concentration (LC) dan lethal time (LT) pada tingkat 50.00 dan 95.00%, tingkat kerapatan 1600 dan 3200 JI/ml adalah paling efektif.
Keyword: efikasi, eksplorasi, nematoda entomopatogen, ramah lingkungan, Tenebrio molitor

Judul: Patogenisitas dan keefektifan nematoda entomopatogen Heterorhabditis sp. terhadap penggerek umbi kentang Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae)
Abstrak: Potato tuber moth, Phthorimaea operculella Zell. (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) is one of the important potato pest due to the potential loss can reach 100% if not well controlled. One of potential biological agents to control this pest is Entomopathogen Nematode Heterorhabditis. The effectiveness of Heterorhabditis has been studied to control several crop pests. Infective juveniles (IJ’s) of nematodes are able to find and penetrate the insects that live in the soil as well as in the plant tissues. The objective of this research is to study the pathogenicity of the Heterorhabditis sp. against P. operculella in the laboratory with direct and indirect (in the potato tuber) treatment. The experiments were conducted using completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were based on the density level of nematodes Heterorhabditis sp. (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 IJ/ml) and the control. The result showed that P. operculella infected by Heterorhabditis sp. has symptoms by reducing the movement and feeding activity. The body of dead insects become soft and the color change to dark brown. For the direct treatment, Heterorhabditis sp. can kill P. operculella within 12 hours after application (HAA). At density level 100 IJ/ml, it can control P. operculella until 85% within 24 HAA. In contrast, the mortality rates of P. operculella in the indirect treatment (in the tubers) was 35% at doses of 1000 IJ/tubers.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4