Judul: Pola Penguasaan Tanah dan Hubungan Kerja dalam Pertanian di Sawah Kasus di Dua Daerah Pedesaan Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan secara kasus di dua Kampung di Daerah pedesaan di Sulawesi Selatan, yaitu kampung Sega-segeri desa Minasabaji Kecamatan Bantimurung Kabupaten Maros dan kampung Aluppang/Cabang Kecamatan Dua Boccos Kabupaten Bone.
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Judul: Struktur Pertanahan, Hubungan Kerja Agraris dan Pengelolaan Usaha Tani Padi Sawah di Pedesaan Minahasa Sulawesi Utara (Kasus Desa Kamanga Keoamatan Tompaso).
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini ialah: (1) menggambarkan struktur pertanahan yang berlaku di pedesaan Minahasa, (2) menggambarkan dan menjelaskan hubungan yang berlaku di antara luas pemilikan sawah dengan hubungan kerja agraris, dan luas pengusahaan sawah dengan pengelolaan usahatani padi sawah di pedesaan Minahasa, (3) menggambarkan dan menjelaskan kekuatan tawar menawar (kekuatan pasar) dalam transaksi hubungan kerja agraris di atas. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di empat dusun (yang dipilih dari delapan dusun) yang terletak di desa Kamanga kecamatan Tompaso, Hinahasa, Sulawesi Utara. Di setiap dusun tersebut dipilih sejumlah petani pemilik dan penyakap (buruh tani) untuk diamati. Langkah pertama dalam rangka pemilihan petani dan buruh tani itu adalah sensus yang dilaksanakan terhadap semua rumah tangga di masing-masing dusun. Melalui sensus tersebut dapat disusun pelapisan rumah tangga berdasarkan pemilikan dan pengusahaan sawah. Pemilihan sampel dilakukan dengan cara acak dan memperhatikan pelapisan tersebut. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cRra: wawancara terstruktur, wawRncara bebas, pengamatan di lapangan, dan mempelajari data sekunder. Sedangkan analisis data yang digunakan adalah: Tabulasi silang, Gini Ratio, Rasia Output-Input dan X efisiensi. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa struktur pertanahan (distribusi pemilikan, penguasaan dan pengusahaan tanah) di desa Kamanga yang digambarkan oleh besarnya Gini Ratio adalah: (a) distribusi luas pemilikan tanah rumah tangga lebih merata daripada distribusi penguasaan dan pengusahaan tanah. (b) penyebaran (distribusi) pemilikan sawah dan pekarangan, penguasaan sawah dan pekarangan, dan pengusahaan sawah dan pekarangan tergolong pada tingkat ketimpangan moderat. Sedangkan distribusi pemilikan, penguasaan dan pengusahaan ladang tergolong pada ketimpangan rendah. Kecuali untuk distribusi pengusahaan tanah yang tergolong pada ketimpangan berat. dst ...
Keyword: Soil structure, Agrain warker

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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