Judul: Pengaruh Kebisingan Terhadap Perilaku Bersuara Cucak Kutilang (Pycnonotus aurigaster) di Kampus IPB Darmaga, Bogor
Abstrak: Salah satu cara burung berkomunikasi yakni dengan sinyal akustik (suara). Setiap jenis burung mempunyai pola suara yang berbeda yang dapat dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan faktor genetis maupun faktor lingkungan seperti kebisingan. Salah satu burung yang memiliki pola beragam yakni cucak kutilang (Pycnonotus aurigaster). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola suara dan menganalisis hubungan adanya kebisingan dengan perilaku bersuara cucak kutilang. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April – Juni 2023 pada dua lokasi dengan standar tingkat kebisingan berbeda di Kampus IPB Darmaga. Data penelitian yang meliputi data suara diambil dengan metode Passive Acoustic Monitoring dan menggunakan alat SwiftOne sound recorder, sedangkan data kebisingan diambil dengan alat Sound Level Meter. Terdapat 19 tipe pola suara yang terdiri dari 7 pola frasa pendek dan 12 pola frasa panjang. Pola yang sering ditemui di kedua lokasi yakni pola “cuk-cuk” dan “crek-crek-kur”. Adanya gangguan kebisingan yang tinggi mengakibatkan jumlah variasi frasa yang ditemukan dan frekuensi bersuara cucak kutilang rendah., One way birds communicate is with acoustic signals (sound). Every bird has different sound patterns due to genetic and environmental factors such as noise. One bird species that has a variety of patterns is the Sooty-headed Bulbul (Pycnonotus aurigaster). This study aims to identify sound patterns and analyze the relationship between the noise and vocal behavior of the Sooty-headed Bulbul. The study was conducted from April – June 2023 at two locations with different noise level standards on the IPB Darmaga. Passive Acoustics Monitoring method using a SwiftOne sound recorder was used to collect bird sound, while noise level measured using Sound Level Meter. The results showed that there 19 types of sound patterns consisting of 7 short phrases and 12 long phrases. The patterns that are often found in these two locations are the "cuk-cuk" and "crek-crek-kur". Higher noise interference resulted in a lower number of phrase variations found and the frequency of the Sooty-headed Bulbul vocalizations.
Keyword: Bioakustik, Suara, Cucak kutilang, PAM, frekuensi bersuara, kebisingan, pola suara

Judul: Sound Patterns and Distribution of Plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus) on the IPB Darmaga Campus
Abstrak: Burung berkomunikasi dengan sesamanya menggunakan kicauan. Setiap spesies burung memiliki pola suara kicauan yang berbeda disebabkan oleh faktor genetis maupun lingkungan, termasuk burung wiwik kelabu (Cacomantis merulinus). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola suara, mendeskripsikan variasi pola suara pada beberapa tipe habitat, dan menganalisis pola sebaran wiwik kelabu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei tahun 2023 pada enam tipe habitat yang berbeda di Kampus IPB Darmaga meliputi tegakan campuran, tepi lahan basah, lahan pertanian, tegakan sejenis, kawasan perumahan, dan taman. Data rekaman suara diambil dengan SwiftOne sound recorder menggunakan metode PAM (Passive Acoustics Monitoring). Kalibrasi alat yang digunakan microphone gain sebesar 28 dB dan sample rate 32kHz kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Raven Pro 1.6. Data pola sebaran diambil menggunakan metode survei dan triangulasi kemudian dianalisis dengan Indeks Sebaran Morisita. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ditemukan 4 pola suara wiwik kelabu. Salah satu pola suara yaitu “wik -teuu-we” belum pernah tercatat di Indonesia. Variasi pola suara pada beberapa tipe habitat berbeda dipengaruhi kebisingan latar dan kekuatan suara. Hasil perhitungan Indeks Sebaran Morisita sebesar 2,28 yang menunjukkan pola sebaran merata. Penelitian lebih lanjut diperlukan untuk melihat peran wiwik kelabu sebagai salah satu indikator lingkungan dalam penilaian habitat di Kampus IPB Darmaga., Birds sing to communicate with others. Every bird species has different sound patterns due to genetic and environmental factors, including the plaintive cuckoo (Cacomantis merulinus). This study aims to identify sound patterns, describe variations in sound patterns in several habitat types, and analyze the distribution pattern of plaintive cuckoo. The research was conducted from March to May of 2023 in six different habitat types at the Darmaga IPB Campus including mixed stands, wetlands edge, agricultural land, similar stands, residential areas, and parks. Sound recording data was taken with a SwiftOne sound recorder using the PAM (Passive Acoustics Monitoring) method. Calibration of the tool used a microphone gain of 28 dB and a sample rate of 32kHz and then analyzed using Raven Pro 1.6. Distribution pattern data was taken using survey and triangulation methods and then analyzed with the Morisita Distribution Index. Based on the results of the study, 4 of the plaintive cuckoo sound patterns were found. One sound pattern, "wik -teuu-we" has never been recorded in Indonesia. Variations in sound patterns in different habitat types are influenced by background noise and sound power. The Morisita Scatter Index calculation result was 2.28, indicating an even distribution pattern. Further research is needed to see the role of plaintive cuckoo as one of the environmental indicators in habitat assessment at the Darmaga IPB Campus.
Keyword: Bioacoustics, Morisita Scatter Index, PAM, spectogram

Judul: Sintesis 7-Hidroksiflavonol dan Fisetin
Abstrak: Fisetin (7,3’,4’-trihydroxyflavonol) is commonly found in fruits and vegetables. It is potential as antioxidant, anti-inflammation, and antidiabetic. In this study, fisetin was synthesized by following 7-hydroxyflavonol synthesis method. 7-Hydroxyflavonol was succesfully synthesized from resacetophenone and benzaldehyde. Both starting materials were protected by tetrahydropyranyl (THP) group and then condensed with 60% KOH as catalyst forming THP-protected chalcone. Cyclization of the chalcone into THP-protected 7-hydroxyflavonol was carried out by using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada oxidative cyclization. Deprotection of the THP protecting group with p-toluenesulfonic acid resulted 7-hydroxyflavonol. The overall yield was 22% with total synthesis time of 7 days, faster than isolation from natural products. However, development of this method to synthesize fisetin from resacetophenone and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as starting materials only gave 1% yield. Further study with other protecting groups for 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehide as well as variation of reactants’ composition and reaction conditions are necessary in order to increase the fisetin yield. All synthetic products had been characterized by melting point and spectroscopy analysis
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