Judul: Colonization of Coral Communities in the Krakatau Strict Marine Nature Reserve, and Management Implications
Abstrak: The eruption and near-total destruction of the volcano Krakatau on the 26 – 28 August 1883 was completely exterminating all ecosystems life in the Krakatau Islands and surrounding area (i.e. Sebesi, Sebuku and Legundi). After three months of minor activity, that catastrophic eruption destroyed over two thirds of Krakatau, only a fraction of Rakata remaining. The islands diversity is geomorphologically dynamic, and the effects of physical changes on the biota, and on the rate of successional turnover, are considerable interesting. In addition, the islands discrete, definable, tropical biota provides a rare opportunity for ecological studies, particularly of communities interactions that has develop in this area. The purposes of this research were to determine the condition and describe the colonization development of coral communities in the Krakatau Islands after total destruction, including disturbances from natural environment. Benefit was to provide amount recent information of composition, distribution, and structure of coral communities in the Krakatau Islands. Also for explain the extent of coral damage, and the implications for management of coral reefs in the Krakatau Strict Nature Reserve. This study showed that succession or development of coral communities (i.e. colonization) that found in Anak Krakatau indicated earlier stage of colonization. Where have different with coral communities that found in Rakata and Panjang. The diversification of coral communities on both islands, showed that opportunistic and pioneer species (i.e. Pocillopora and Seriatopora) that generally found in Anak Krakatau has been replaced. Lifeform of coral communities found varied between sites, where sub-massive is dominated lifeform that found in Anak Krakatau, but massive and branching lifeform are more dominant in Rakata and Panjang. There are indication of dominance may already take place through competitive exclusion in coral communities. Three community types were distinguished based on characteristics for each sites, as follows: communities of wave-exposed habitats, communities of semi- exposed to sheltered habitats, and communities of sheltered habitats. The extent of coral damage that found in Krakatau based on CMI value is low, in average, but high value found in the community of wave-exposed habitat. While, following CDI criteria, the extent of coral damage covered all six sites. This suggests that of the all transects were "hot spots'' that required management action. Although Krakatau Strict Marine Nature Reserve has been declared part of Ujung Kulon National Park in 1983, it is not managed as such because it falls under a different province. Furthermore, it has been managed subsequently by BKSDA Lampung since 1990.
Keyword: colonization, coral communities, Krakatau, management, succession

Judul: Model Dinamik Pengelolaan Eksosistem Terumbu Karang di Pulau Pramuka, Taman Nasional Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: The increasing number of tourists since 2003 and the development of community-based tourism in protected areas of Pramuka Island in the Thousand Islands Marine National Park caused the pressure on the quality of resources, especially coral reefs ecosystem and also the pressure on the environment. Therefore required a strategy of sustainable management of coral reef resources for tourism activities and coral reefs resources to be sustainable. This study aim is to build a dynamic model of management strategies that can be relied upon in doing the management of coral reef resources in Pramuka Island. Simulations was carried out on 5 scenarios that are scenario A, with no management; scenario B, destructive fishing management (biology sub-system); scenario C, management of entry fee to marine conservation park of Pramuka island (socio-ecomic subsystem); scenario D, waste management (marine environment sub-system) and scenario E, integrated management of coral reefs. Based on multicreria analysis of all scenarios using trade-off analysis that scenario E is the best mangement for sustainability of coral resources at Pramuka island. Management of biology subsystem, marine environments sub-system and socio-economic sub-system are closely related to one another and should be implemented in an integrated manner to ensure the sustainability of coral reef resources. Integrated management of coral reef ecosystem at Pramuka island include the management of the factors that threaten coral reefs; minimum fee into conservation areas of Pramuka Island of Rp 36 000,00 for the tourist; minimum wastewater treatment by 30% before being discharged directly into waters. Integrated management not only ensure the sustainability of coral reef resources, but also to ensure social and economic sustainability at Pramuka Island.
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Judul: Sintesis α-Fe2O3 menggunakan metode sol gel
Abstrak: In this reseach was succeeded make powder α-Fe2O3 with particle size 202.64 nm. Synthesis using Sol-Gel method with SiO2 coating derived from Si(OC2H5)4 at temperature of 750 oC for 5 hours. Characterization XRD prove that sample form is α-Fe2O3 (11 peaks) and β-Fe2O3 (2 peaks) with crystal size 20.69125 nm and crystallization 44 %. The cystal structure of α-Fe2O3 is rhombohedral and β-Fe2O3 is hexsagonal. Optic characterization show that the sample absorbing light at wavelength less than 480 nm. Bandgap energy of the optical characterization measurments is 2.74 eV.
Keyword: α-Fe2O3, annealing, bandgap energy, sol-gel, crystal structure.