Judul: Pengoptimuman Risiko dan Profit dalam Perencanaan Investasi Bank dengan Metode Goal programming dan Fuzzy Goal Programming.
Abstrak: Bank is defined as a financial institution that operates to collect funds from the public in the form of deposits and distributing the funds to the public in the form of credit, etc. Sources of bank funding come from equity capital, demand deposits, time deposits, and saving deposits. The funding will be used for a variety of financing, especially to the assets that can generate profits, such as credit, investment, etc. In the bank investment problem there are three objective functions, which minimize the risk assets, maximize the profit, and minimize the capital adequacy. In this work, the problems are formulated in the form of goal programming (GP) and fuzzy goal programming (FGP) and solved by using LINGO 11.0. GP method requires the decision maker precisely define the aspiration level of each objective function to be achieved. But in many cases the aspiration levels are not properly determined, they are intrinsically fuzzy. FGP method uses imprecise aspiration level for each fuzzy goal. The fuzzy goals are to be characterized by their respective membership functions. Therefore by determining the tolerance value for each fuzzy goal, each goal will be obtained at an interval specified tolerance. The goals are risk assets =707.5∈ 595,805 , profit =28100∈ 26695,29505 , and capital adequacy =118.5∈ 64.9,171.5 .
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Judul: Optimization of Determination Production Levels Using Fuzzy Integer Goal Programming
Abstrak: Perencanaan sangat diperlukan suatu perusahaan dalam proses produksi guna memenuhi berbagai tujuan (multi objective) yang ingin dicapainya. Berbagai tujuan yang terlibat seringkali memiliki informasi dan nilai target yang tidak tepat sehingga menimbulkan ketidakjelasan yang bersifat fuzzy. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun model masalah tingkat produksi berdasarkan Fuzzy Integer Goal Programming (FIGP). Solusi model berupa rekomendasi kuantitas produk yang sebaiknya diproduksi di masa mendatang. Tujuan yang tidak akurat diwakili oleh fungsi keanggotaan fuzzy yang menunjukkan derajat pencapaian setiap tujuan dengan mempertimbangkan sasaran dan batas toleransi yang ditetapkan pengambil keputusan. Model FIGP diformulasikan pada dua pendekatan yaitu operator-min Bellman dan Zadeh dan FIGP berbobot. Model diimplementasikan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak LINGO 11.0 pada perencanaan produksi usaha rumahan (home industry) kue bolu. Kedua pendekatan FIGP ini memperoleh hasil tingkat produksi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan realisasi produksi dan hasil model program linear multi objektif de Novo dengan pendekatan IGP., Planning is necessary for a company in the production process in order to meet the various objectives (multi objectives) that it wants to achieve. The various objectives involved often have inaccurate information and target values, giving rise to fuzzy obscurity. This study aims to build production level problem models based on Fuzzy Integer Goal Programming (FIGP). The model solution is in the form of recommendations for the quantity of products that should be produced in the future. Inaccurate goals are represented by fuzzy membership functions that show the degree of achievement of each goal by considering the goals and tolerance limits set by the decision maker. The FIGP model is formulated in two approaches, namely Bellman and Zadeh min-operators and weighted FIGP. The model is implemented using the LINGO 11.0 software in the production planning of a sponge cake home industry. Both of these FIGP approaches obtained better production rates than the actual production and the result of de Novo multiobjective linear programming model with IGP approach.
Keyword: fuzzy membership function, Fuzzy Integer Goal Programming (FIGP), production planning

Judul: Merremia dennstedt ex endlicher (Convolvulaceae) in Sumatra.
Abstrak: Merremia is a small genus in the family Convolvulaceae. Merremia is a perennial or annual herb or woody liana with stems creeping or twinning on trees or rocks, put out milky white sap when injured and some species with tubers. Merremia is often confused with genus Ipomoea, due to they have resemblance in funnel shaped or campanulate corolla and straight anther. Phenetically, some members of Merremia have yellow flower whereas Ipomoea has white, purple or purplish white. Merremia is also confused with Operculina due both have non-spinulose pollen and dehiscent capsule. Nevertheless, Operculina characterized by circumciselli capsule and Merremia characterized by valve capsule. The important character in Merremia is the spread of the hairs on corolla that can be easily observed at the mature flower bud. The genus Merremia is found in the tropical regions of both hemispheres. Merremia wildly distributed throughout the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and approximately there were 80 species of Merremia in the world. A Total of 175 sheets (164 collection numbers) which are deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense, 97 sheets (95 collection numbers) which are deposited Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and 9 sheets (4 collection numbers) which are deposited in BIOTROP Herbarium (BIOT) were studied. It composed of all specimens of Merremia in Sumatra. Additional specimens were collected by the author 28 sheets (15 collection numbers) from North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Lampung, which are stored in BO and BIOT. The digital data that consist of type specimens and distributions of species from JSTOR Plant Science and Convolvulaceae Unlimited were also used here. All the hebarium specimens were studied based on their morphological characters following de Vogel (1987) and Rifai (1976). The terminology of morphological characters followed Lawrence (1955), Veldkamp (1987), Harris and Harris (1994), Hickey and King (2005) and Stearn (1983). Information on the habitat, ecology, distribution, vernacular names and uses were noted from the specimens label and literatures. Taxonomic studies in Sumatra were conducted. There are eight species, one subspecies, one varietas and two forma from nine previously species (M. cissoides, M. dissecta, M. emarginata, M. hirta, M. peltata, M. quinquefolia, M. tridentata, M. tuberosa and M. vitifolia), two subspecies (M. umbellata ssp. orientalis and M. tridentata ssp. hastata), one varietas (M. boisiana var. sumatrana) and two forma (M. hederacea f. pubescens and M. hederacea f. barbata) can be recognized. One species (M. tridentata) and subspecies (M. tridentata ssp. hastata) are excluded because they have been proposed to different new taxa Xenostegia by Austin and Staples. The existence of M. emarginata was noted as new record in Sumatra and M. cissoides was noted as new record in Indonesia. A phylogenetic analysis using PAUP*4.Ob10 was undertaken based on morphological characters, using Evolvulus nummularius and Porana volubis as the out group. The phylogenetic analysis used 35 morphological characters was resulted consistency index (CI) = 0.60, homoplasy index (HI) = 0.40, retention index (RI) = 0.56 and Rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.34. Phylogenetic tree used morphological characters divided taxa into two groups. The separation support M. boisiana var. sumatrana, M. cissoides, M.
Keyword: Convolvulaceae, Merremia, morphology, phylogenetic, Sumatra