Judul: The Contribution of Community Forests to  the Livelihoods System and Forestry Industries in Rural Areas (Case of Prigi  Village, Sigaluh District, Banjarnegara Regency)
Abstrak: Pada awal pengembangannya, sasaran hutan rakyat adalah pada lahan kritis. Namun, hutan rakyat berkembang menjadi bidang usahatani. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kontribusi hutan rakyat dalam sistem penghidupan dan industri kehutanan di pedesaan. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Prigi, Kabupaten Banjarnegara. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode pendekatan penelitian campuran yang memadukan penelitian kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hutan rakyat berkontribusi dalam struktur nafkah rumah tangga. Kayu memiliki pemaknaan yang berbeda bagi masing-masing lapisan rumah tangga. Rumah tangga dengan lahan luas memaknai kayu sebagai sumber pendapatan sampingan biasa, sedangkan rumah tangga lahan sempit-sedang memaknainya sebagai tabungan yang membantu menghadapi kondisi kritis. Hutan rakyat berkontribusi dalam penyediaan pasokan bahan baku kayu dan terintegrasi kayu rakyat dalam saluran pemasaran kayu di dalam dan luar negeri. Hutan rakyat dan usaha penggergajian kayu membuka lapangan kerja, mendukung perekonomian daerah dan devisa negara., At the beginning of its development, the target of community forests was critical land. However, community forests are developing into a business sector. The purpose of this study is to analyze the contribution of community forests in the livelihood system and rural forestry industries. The study was conducted in Prigi Village, Banjarnegara Regency. The method uses in this study was a mixed methods approach with quantitative and qualitative data. The results of this study indicate that community forests contribute to the households livelihood structure. Timbers has different meanings for each level of household. Households with large areas of land interpret timbers as a regular side income, while households with small-medium land areas interpret it as savings income. Community forests contribute to the sawmill industries as supplier of timbers material and the integration of timbers in marketing channels both within the country and abroad. Community forests and sawmills industries provide employment opportunities, support the regional economy and the country's foreign exchange.
Keyword: community forest, livelihood structure, sawmill industry

Judul: Kontribusi Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani dan Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Hutan Rakyat. (Studi di Desa Babakanreuma, Kecamatan Sindangagung, Kabupaten Kuningan, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: According to Hardjanto (2000), income of community forest farmers in Java are still positioned as a by product and incidental. Range of income is not more than 10 % of total revenue and sought simply. It shows that the contribution of community forest have not become the foundation of households subsistence, so it is necessary to conduct a study about how is the contribution of community forests management to total household income and it’s feasibility, especially in the Village Babakanreuma, District Sindangagung, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province. The purpose of this study was to identify the system of community forests management and marketing, knowing the contributions community forests management to households total income as well as examine the linkage of effectiveness of community forests area to the households total income and to determine the feasibility of it’s businesses. Determination of the respondents conducted using stratified random sampling method in which the respondents were 36 people obtained from the slovin formula. This study uses a qualitative approach that conducted by survey method using questionnaire and supported by quantitative techniques. The results shows that the contribution of community forests management to the households income has been very visible, reinforced by the magnitude of the contribution value that become higher and increasing in strata. So that the farmers land area of community forest significantly affected their household income. From the data obtained, in 1st strata , the resulting contribution is Rp. 2,208,333.00 per year (7.79%), 2nd strata is Rp 3.800.000,00 per year (11.98%), and 3rd strata is Rp 5.500.000,00 per year (13.00%). Management of community forests is feasible to run on all three strata. These statements are based on the amount of NPV (Net Present Value) that is not negative, BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) is greater than one and the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is greater than the prevailing rates. NPV values in strata I, II and III is Rp 6.378.880,00; Rp 14.134.803,00 and Rp 3.985.918.00. Community forests management systems at the sites are still modest. The harvesting is still based on needs and not according to the Sengon plant cycle which is the staple in this village. The timber marketing is only done by a contract system or the middleman (tengkulak) / buyer and furthermore become the responsibility of the middleman / buyer it self.
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Judul: Pengujian Virus Newcastle Disease Gen VII Isolat Lapang Sebagai Virus Standar Pada Uji Tantang Vaksin
Abstrak: This study was conducted to determine the standard of Newcastle disease virus Gene VII field isolate as a virus challenge to vaccine test. A virus suspension that has previously been tested by HA test then titrated with EID50 using 30 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) of 10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. In addition, chicken lethal dose50 (CLD50) test were used to determine the virus titer that could cause 50% death of the chicken population. The CLD50 test was used 25 day-old-chickens (DOC) divided into 5 groups. The virus was diluted from 10-1 to 10-8. The 104 to 10-8 dilution of NDV was infected to every group of chicken via eyedrop and intranasal with 0.1 ml/chicken dosage. Haemagglutination test showed that the allantoic fluid were contain high titers of NDV is 512 HAU. The infective NDV that had been titrated by EID50 test showed the virus titers is 109 EID50/0.1 ml or 1010 EID50/ml and the virus titers of CLD50 test e.i 106.48 CLD50/0.1 ml or 107.48 CLD50/ml. These results can be concluded that the NDV Gene VII field isolates were most appropriate to be used as a standard virus to vaccine test
Keyword: Newcastle Disease Virus Gene VII, HA tes, EID50 test, CLD50 test