Judul: REVITALIZATION STRATEGY OF MANGROVE ECOSYSTEM BASED ON CONSERVATION IN MUARA GEMBONG, BEKASI REGENCY, WEST JAVA
Abstrak: Mangrove ecosystems have very important roles and functions both physically, biologically and socio-economically. The mangrove ecosystem of Muara Gembong has changed a lot due to high land conversion which has an impact on seawater intrusion, abrasion, tidal flooding, damage to public facilities and declining environmental quality. The lack of clarity in management results in differences in the objectives of stakeholders in the utilization of natural resources, resulting in conflicts of interest. The study was conducted in five coastal villages of Muara Gembong (Bakti Beach, Happy Beach, Simple Beach, Mekar Beach and Harapanjaya Beach). The general objective of this research is to formulate a strategy for revitalizing the mangrove ecosystem of Muara Gembong, West Java. This study has three supporting objectives, namely analyzing changes in the condition of the mangrove ecosystem, analyzing the suitability of mangrove conservation areas, and analyzing the role of stakeholders in mangrove ecosystem management. The area of the Muara Gembong mangrove ecosystem in 2020 reached 1028.64 hectares with a stand density level ranging from 1033-1425 individuals/hectare. Mangrove Avicennia spp., Rhizophora spp. dominate along the coast. The suitability of the mangrove habitat was analyzed based on the Conservation Area Suitability Index (IKK). The Very Appropriate category (S1) was found in Muara Bendera and Muara Pecah in Pantai Bahagia Village, Muara Kuntul in Pantai Sederhana Village and Muara Jaya in Pantai Mekar Village, while the Appropriate category (S2) was in Muara Bungin, Pantai Bakti Village and Muara Blacan in Pantai Harapanjaya Village. Perception of the community that mangrove ecosystems have an important role in protecting land from abrasion, storms and ocean waves. The value of the mangrove ecosystem services is able to contribute Rp296,176,730.69/hectare/year. The value of provisioning services (fisheries associated with mangroves)contributed 31.09%, regulating services (breakwaters, prevention of seawater intrusion and natural feed providers) reached 60.26%, the value of supporting services as a provider of natural feed and biodiversity was 8.42% and the value of cultural services as the value of existence reaches 0.23%. Perum Perhutani (key player) which has great authority and responsibility in managing the area has not been able to repair the damage to mangroves. The Central Government as the highest authority needs to properly re-mapping stakeholders as partners in the management of mangrove ecosystems with a collaborative management. The main priorities in the strategy to revitalize the Muara Gembong mangrove ecosystem are (1) overcoming of abrasion and tidal flooding, (2) mangrove rehabilitation, (3) opening of coastal tourism areas, (4) community empowerment (5) silvofishery in pond areas and (6) alignment and implementation of regulations.
Keyword: mangrove ecosystem, Muara Gembong, revitalization strategy

Judul: Management Strategy of Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystem of Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency
Abstrak: Existence of mangroves in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency is threatened by human activities such as land conversion to fish ponds, sand mining, and logging for firewood that has become less massive in recent years. This is quite large influenced by the socio-economic conditions of the community. If still allowed, the degradation rate of the mangrove ecosystem will threaten its existence and all the biota that live in it. The mangrove area in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency still has a relatively unstable mangrove forest ecosystem and has experienced degradation due to unplanned and uncontrolled land use. This condition requires attention from related parties so that the sustainability and stability of the ecosystem can be maintained. The damage to an ecosystem can affect other ecosystems, therefore, mangrove ecosystems play an important role, especially in coastal and marine areas. Lack of information about the characteristics of mangrove ecosystems and the socio-economic characteristics of coastal communities is one of the obstacles for local governments to formulate appropriate sustainable mangrove management policies. This study aims to: (1) analyze the environmental (biophysical) condition of mangrove ecosystem in Tarumajaya District, (2) analyze the socio-economic conditions of community of Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency, (3) measure the sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency, (4) formulate the alternative strategies and priority scales for mangrove ecosystem management in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi District. Research was conducted from December 2020 - to February 2021, located in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method with purposive sampling. Primary data collection was obtained through direct field observation and structured interviews with questionnaires. Secondary data collection was obtained through surveys on related agencies and literature studies. Data analysis used in this research includes quantitative and descriptive analysis. Quantitative analysis provides vegetation analysis, land cover, multidimensional scaling (MDS) using RAPFISH, the direct value of mangrove ecosystems, socio-economic and cultural conditions of the community, community perceptions using Likert scale and mangrove management strategies through SWOT and QSPM. Results showed that the tides occur on average 2 times a day, salinity ranges from 23-25 ppt, water temperature ranges from 28-29.9⁰C, water pH ranges from 7.3 to 7.5, and the substrate is sandy mud and dark brown to dark black. Composition and structure of mangrove species found in the coastal area of Tarumajaya District consist of 7 species from 3 families, namely Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris with a high category of evenness index (0.74-0.99), low category species diversity index (1.00-1.81). Land cover change at the 3 observation stations increased from 60.33 ha in 2016 to 83.99 ha in 2020, Tarumajaya District has a dense category of mangrove about 82.02 Ha, moderate 45.49 Ha, and rarely 294.67 Ha. The diversity of fish are good, amphibians are bad, reptiles are moderate, mammals are rather bad, and birds are very good. Quantification of the direct benefit value of the mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Tarumajaya District shows a total benefit value of IDR 2.077.584.000/year, obtained from fish catch IDR 643.840.000; Crab
Keyword: ekosistem mangrove, status keberlanjutan, strategi pengelolaan, mangrove ecosystem, sustainability status, management strategy

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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