Judul: Pola Adaptasi Operasi Penangkapan Ikan Nelayan Gillnet di PPI Karangsong Indramayu
Abstrak: Karangsong fishing port which located at Indramayu is dominated by gillnet fisheries. The purpose of this research is to describe gillnet fishing system in Karangsong, gillnet fisher’s adaptation and relation between index season with income, number trip, and the catch. To analyze gillnet fishing system and gillnet fisher’s adaptation it is used descriptive method. The result of this research shows that adaptation of gillnet 3 GT and 6 GT was changing the duration of fishing operation while for gillnet >10 GT have various adaptation models of fishing operation. Gillnet fisher’s change the duration of fishing operation, the fishing ground, adding the net piece, and reducing the net piece. In addition, the relation between index season with income, number trip and the catch is directly proportional. In conclusion, the adaptation pattern fisher’s gillnet is affected by their environmental condition.
Keyword: adaptation model, fishing operation, Karangsong, gillnet

Judul: Optimasi Teknis Perikanan Gillnet Millenium di Desa Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu
Abstrak: Northern Java Sea has already know as one of the most productive sea in Indonesia. Development of PPI Karangsong, is one of Fisheries development policies of Indramayu Regency for increasing the regional economic growth. Gillnet millennium is one of the most popular fishing gear in PPI Karangsong. Fishermen in Karangsong use gillnet millennium in some variation type of technical and operation method. This study aims to determine which gillnet millennium variation type has the best optimization score. This study was held by using survey method, and the data collected by purposive sampling method. Based on the results of the study revealed that the ship that operate in the PPI Karangsong made of wood with the size of the 5 GT, 20 GT, 30 GT, 40 GT and 60 GT. .Gillnet millenium that are used by fishermen made of polyamide monofilament material, the size of the gillnet millenium that is operated on the basis of the size of the ship is all 20 pieces up to 110 pieces. The fishermen in karangsong most of the fishermen are full. The score of the function for four groups as studies object are 0,18 (< 10 GT), 2,812 (20 GT), 1,824 (30 GT), and 2,89 (> 40 GT). Production factors that influence the optimization of gillnet millennium are depth of the net, number of day of the trip, and the fishing location.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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