Judul: Seismic Activity and Climate Effects on Coral Growth of Porites on Simeulue
Abstrak: Seismic event in 2004 and 2005 caused damage in some areas of coral reefs in Simeulue. Seismic or earthquake has also caused land level changes that influence growth of coral. In addition seismic activity, climate or sea surface temperature changes also affects the growth of coral in Simeulue. Our research to investigate the effects of seismic activity and climate on the coral seasonal growth rate in Simeulue. Coral growth rate is determined by the process of photosynthesis, and influenced by environmental factors such as temperature, depth or light intensity. Coral growth is divided to skeletal extension and density this research. Observations was conducted from May 2010 until July 2011 on seasonal growth bands from four colonies of coral reefs in Simeulue. Data seasonal growth bands was obtained from year 2000 to 2009. Data were analyzed descriptively. The result shown significant effect in the land level changes on the growth of coral Porites. Luminance index shown coral density increased significantly after earthquake year 2004 and 2005. Skeletal extension decreased significantly on 2004 when Indian Ocean Dipole Mode phenomenon occurred, mainly on Ina Island.
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Judul: Study Of Coral Bleaching to the State of Coral Reef and Reef Fish in Weh Island, Sabang
Abstrak: Sea surface temperature (SST) in Aceh waters had increased 4 oC which reach 33oC. This was the highest temperature recorded compared to the normal averages of 28-30 oC. The rise of SST had led to the death of coral reef. The peak of coral bleaching or bleaching index (BI) occurred on May 2010 which was 45.84 %. Meanwhile, it decreased on July 2010 and February 2011 which were (21,44 and 0,36%), respectively. The genera of Acropora and Pocillopora had a severe impact to the rise of SST which obviously led to the death. Both genera experienced 95% and 80% of bleaching on May 2011 and suffered severe death on July 2011. In addition, these genera were the most vulnerable to the coral bleaching phenomenon. However, there were some coral genera that can tolerate to the environmental changes, among them were Diplostrea and Montipora. The coral bleaching also affected the hard coral cover. In every observation points, the percentages of hard coral cover decreased by 10 to 25 %, The highest decrease percentages of hard coral cover occurred in Tourism regions where in 2009 hard coral cover decreased from 43,54 to 32,39% in 2011. This is because in this region, bleaching index (BI) reached the highest value of 77.07% than in Panglima Laot region and Free Zone which only reached 60.78% and 58.50%, respectively. The high levels of coral mortality resulted to the increasing of algal recruitment or raise percentages of Algal cover. The highest Algal cover found in Sumur Tiga and Ujung Seurawan. Both location showed the raise percentages of Algal cover in 2011 which were 20-35% (48,7% and 51,7%) than in 2009 (13,8% and 32,8%).
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Judul: Desain Gerbang Logika Kuantum Fredkin Multi- Kontrol Berbasis Gerbang Toffoli Melalui Superposisi Gerbang Elementer
Abstrak: Gerbang Fredkin dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sel pembangun rangkaian fulladder untuk proses komputasi. Karena sifatnya yang reversibel, gerbang tersebut dapat dibuat dari sususan gerbang-gerbang elementer dengan basis gerbang Toffoli. Pada penelitian ini, penulis mencari desain dari gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol berbasis gerbang Toffoli dengan mengkombinasikan tiga jenis gerbang elementer, yaitu CNOT, CV, dan CV†. Penelitian ini juga memperhitungkan jumlah gerbang elementer yang digunakan (quantum cost) dan jalur tambahan (ancillae input) dari desain-desain gerbang Fredkin yang dihasilkan. Dari hasil penelitian ditunjukkan bahwa gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol dapat dibentuk oleh susunan tiga gerbang Toffoli multi-kontrol. Kemudian, gerbang-gerbang tersebut dapat direkonstruksi menjadi susunan gerbang-gerbang elementernya. Jumlah quantum cost dan ancillae input akan semakin besar seiring bertambahnya jumlah kontrol yang digunakan.
Keyword: Gerbang Fredkin multi-kontrol, gerbang Toffoli multi-kontrol, gerbang elementer