Judul: Design Of Variable Rate Fertilizer Applicator Frame
Abstrak: Frame for variable rate fertilizer applicator has been developed in order to mount the unit with the transplanter. The purpose of this study is to design and analyze its performance in paddy fields. The design of the frame unit was carried out with Computer Aided Design Software based on data obtained through the formulation and refinement of the idea of design and analysis of strength of material. The main function of the frame is to support hopper unit which has 120 kg weight. Variable rate fertilizer applicator unit consisted of four fertilizer hoppers, each equipped with a variable metering device which powered by a DC electric motor. Once designed, then prototype was built and its performance was tested in the experimental paddy field of the Mechanical and Biosystem Engineering Department, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University. The results of functional test and field performance test showed the designed prototype was function properly and was able to support the load generated by four filled hoppers full of fertilizer (120 kg). Average sinkage on an empty hopper was 21.60 cm, while the average sinkage on filled hopper was 24.74 cm. The average slip for empty hopper was 16.3% while the average slip for filled hopper was 20.2%.
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Judul: Disain dan pengujian metering device untuk unit pemupuk butiran laju variabel (variable rate granular fertilizer applicator)
Abstrak: Uniform rate of fertilizer applicator (URA) practice is disregarding the productive potential of the various areas within the field. Thus, some area is less fertilized and other is over fertilized. It is also an important issue recently that nitrogen from fertilizers may be subjected to lost into atmosphere or enters streams through surface or subsurface drainage (leaching). The place with overfertilization will be a potential source of pollution in the form of ammonia (NH3), nitrite (NO2) and nitrate (NO3) which may hazard people health. Therefore, a contemporary issue is how to give an effective dose at the accurate position and right time for optimum growth of crops while preserving the environment without causing economic losses. Variable rate of fertilizer applicator (VRA) is a solution to overcome the negative impact of URA. It can control the appropriate of fertilizer dosage and location of application in the field. The objective of this research is to design a metering device for variable rate granular fertilizer applicator. In this research, the metering device was equipped with two rotor, which could be operated as single rotor or double rotor. The dose of granular fertilizer could be controlled by the rotation of the rotor. The rotation of the rotor was controlled using digital PID algorithm. The result of variable rate fertilizer testing of the metering device using single rotor indicated that the rate of urea, SP- 36 and NPK are 0.84, 0.96 and 1.2 g/rotation respectively. The testing using double rotor indicated that the rate of urea, SP-36 and NPK are 1.14, 2.22 and 2.1 g/rotation respectively. All results showed that the prototype of metering device can control fertilizer dose of urea, SP-36 and NPK fertilizer precisely.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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