Judul: Blood-sucking Flies Diversity and Activity Patterns in Beef Cattle Farms in Tanah Bumbu District, South Kalimantan Province
Abstrak: Beberapa penyakit pada ternak bersifat zoonosis seperti Trypanosomiasis dan Leishmanisasis ditularkan oleh lalat Stomoxys sp. dan Tabanus sp. Jenis lalat tersebut dapat menyerang dan mengisap darah manusia, sehingga berpotensi menularkan penyakit dari hewan ke manusia. Data lokal spesifik mengenai ragam jenis dan pola aktivitas lalat pengisap darah serta faktor yang berhubungan dengan aktivitasnya sangat penting dalam upaya pengendalian vektor sebagai langkah pencegahan serta pengendalian terhadap penularan penyakit zoonosis pada wilayah berisiko. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ragam dan tingkat dominansi jenis lalat pengisap darah, mengukur infestasi lalat pengisap darah dan parameter lingkungan yang berhubungan pada peternakan sapi potong dengan tipe ekosistem berbeda di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli hingga Oktober tahun 2022 di enam peternakan sapi potong di Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu dengan tipe ekosistem berbeda yaitu hutan, non hutan dan pantai. Data ragam jenis lalat diperoleh dari penangkapan lalat menggunakan sweep net, NZI trap dan Vavoua trap. Aktivitas lalat mengisap darah diukur dengan menghitung infestasi lalat pada tubuh sapi. Ragam jenis lalat pengisap darah yang ditemukan sebanyak 11 spesies dengan jumlah individu 4022 lalat (46%) dari total individu lalat yang dikoleksi. Spesies lalat pengisap darah yang berhasil dikoleksi yaitu Stomoxys calcitrans, S. sitiens, S. indicus, S. bengalensis, Haematobia exigua, Therioplectes sp., Chrysops fixissimus, Tabanus optatus, T. striatus, T. rubidus dan Hippobosca sp. Spesies lalat yang mendominasi setiap ekosistem adalah S. calcitrans. Puncak infestasi lalat pengisap darah pada tubuh sapi potong di setiap ekosistem terjadi dalam rentang waktu yang sama yaitu antara pukul 10.00-14.00. Suhu dan kelembapan berkorelasi signifikan terhadap fluktuasi infestasi lalat pengisap darah pada setiap ekosistem, intensitas cahaya berkorelasi signifikan pada spesies Haematobia di ekosistem pantai, sedangkan kecepatan angin tidak berkorelasi signifikan pada semua spesies dan ekosistem., Several diseases in livestock are zoonotic such as Trypanosomiasis and Leishmanisasis which are transmitted by Stomoxys sp. and Tabanus sp. This type of fly can attack and suck human blood, so it has the potential to transmit diseases from animals to humans.Local data regarding the various types and activity patterns of blood-sucking flies and related factors to their activities are important in vector control efforts as a measure to prevent and control the transmission of zoonotic diseases in risky areas. This study aims to identify the variety and dominance of blood-sucking flies, measure blood-sucking fly infestations and related environmental parameters in beef cattle farming with different ecosystem types in Tanah Bumbu Regency. The research was conducted from July to October 2022 on six beef cattle farms in Tanah Bumbu Regency with different types of ecosystems, namely forest, non-forest and coastal areas. Data on the variety of flies was obtained from catching flies using sweep nets, NZI traps and Vavoua traps. The activity of flies sucking blood was measured by counting the infestation of flies on the cow's body. There were 11 species of bloodsucking flies: Stomoxys calcitrans, S. sitiens, S. indicus, S. bengalensis, Haematobia exigua, Therioplectes sp., Chrysops fixissimus, Tabanus optatus, T. striatus, T. rubidus and Hippobosca sp. The fly species that dominates in every ecosystem is S. calcitrans. The peak of blood-sucking fly infestation on the body of beef cattle
Keyword: blood-sucking flies, cattle, zoonoses, forest, nonforest and coastal ecosystem

Judul: Keragaman Jenis Lalat Pengganggu dan Potensi Permasalahannya pada Ternak Sapi Potong di Bondowoso
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to study the diversity of species and the dominance of filth flies on beef cattle farms in Bondowoso. In addition, this research was to study the risk due to the presence of filth flies on beef cattle farms. The samples were carried out on 14 traditional farms and 1 communal farm. The samples were taken by sweeping net, then it had identified and analyzed to determine the density of flies. Fly density was expressed with relative abundance and species dominance. The diversity of flies in Bondowoso were Haematobia exigua, Stomoxys calcitrans, Musca domestica, Hippobosca variegata, and Tabanus megalops. The most dominant species was Haematobia exigua. The dominance value of Haematobia exigua on traditional farms was 87.88% and 89.27% on communal farm. A lot of fresh cow dungs in those farms influence the number Haematobia exigua because fresh cow dung was a suitable breeding place for these flies. These flies may carry Stephanofilaria, Trypanosoma evansi, and Bacillus anthracis.
Keyword: cattle farm, diseases risk, diversity, filth flies

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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