Judul: Pelapisan Manggis Segar (Garcinia mangostana L.) dengan Lilin Lebah, Hormon Giberelin, dan Benomil
Abstrak: Mangosteen (Garcinia Mangostana L) is one of fruit which has high economic value. The constraint of Mangosteen selling is wilt speed of fruit calyx, that could be assumed as decrease of quality by consumer thinking. Because of that condition, selling activity also decreased. One of way of to lengthen the fruit shelf-life is coating. Coating has known as a protecting substance of food, reduce the transpiration of product, and protect products from microbial contamination. So, the constrain which faced aspecially for seller and exporter for maintain mangosteen quality and freshness can be solved. The purpose of this research are knowing maturity degree of mangosteene which use as a raw material for next research that is knowing organoleptyc and physical effects of coating consentrations during storage. This research consists of two phases. Phase I decide of maturitie’s degree (2 , 3, and 4) and temperature’s storage (room and cool). Phase II decide consentration of coating agent. Types of concentration agent are consisted two levels of beeswax (4 and 6%), three levels of giberelic acid (5, 10, and 15 ppm), and two levels of benomyl (500 and 1000 ppm). The parameters were observed during storage involve physical parameter (visual sheath, weight reduce, husk hardness, and husk colour) and organoleptyc test (kernel and fruit husk colour, ratch vision, taste, and flavour). Based on regretion analysis result visual sheath and weight reduce, the third maturity degree has slope value (2,443 and 0,008). that result have smaller vvalue than others. Result of that maturitie’s organoleptyc test was accepted by consumer in cool storage temperature until 12 days. While room storage until 9 days. The 6% concentration of beeswax coating has smaller slope value at parameters sheath, reduce weight, and hardness husk than others (2,109; 0,007; 0,017). Not only that parameters but also organoleptyc test knowed that consentration had higher accepted consumer than others. The 10 ppm concentration of giberelic acid coating has smaller slope value at parameters sheath, reduce weight, and hardness husk than others (2,453; 0,001; 1,579). According organoleptyc test knowed that consentration had higher accepted consumer than others. The 1000 ppm concentration of benomyl coating has smaller slope value at parameters sheath, reduce weight, and hardness husk than others (2,237; 0,009; 0,179). Not only that parameters but also organoleptyc test knowed that consentration had higher accepted consumer than others.
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Judul: Physiological study of hardening and color changes of pericarp in relation to climacteric respiration and moisture content in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) after harvest
Abstrak: Mangosteen is a high economic value fruit in Indonesia. The problems encountered are the fruit pericarp quickly harden and the color immediately changed to dark purple-black, and sepals quickly turned into brown in color after harvest, so shelf life is short, especially at room temperature. This research aimed to study the process of change in hardness, pericarp and sepal color, and the sepal freshness of the mangosteen fruit and the factors that influence the physiology and biochemistry during storage. The research consisted of five experiments: (1) hardening physiology of mangosteen pericarp, (2) effect of exogenous ethylene and storage temperature on quality changes of mangosteen, (3) effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-mcp) and storage temperature on hardening of and color change of pericarp of mangosteen, (4) Effect of cytokinin and CoSO4 on physical quality of mangosteen during cool storage, and (5) Effect of coating material and cytokinin CPPU (N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (Forchlorfenuron)) on the quality of mangosteen on cool storage. The results showed that the peak rate of ethylene production one day earlier than the respiration climacteric. The peak rate of ethylene production occurred on day 11 while the respiration climacteric peak occurred on day 12. Climacteric respiration will lead to biochemical changes in the mangosteen fruit pericarp, such an increase in protein content, increased activity of the enzyme phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD), and peroxidase (POD), and increasing the amount of lignin. Pericarp hardening occured due to water content decrease in the mangosteen and increased content of lignin. Fruit stored at a temperature of 15oC can last up to 28 days after treatment (DAT). Whereas fruit stored at room temperature only last up to 14 DAT. Mangosteen fruit stored at a temperature of 15oC had lower level of resistance and hardness. had a higher water content, lower weight loss, slower color change, and had a higher total soluble solids (TSS) and titratable acidity (TA). Exogenous ethylene treatment did not provide a marked influence on all the variables observed, which means that the mangosteen fruit wass less sensitive to exogenous ethylene treatment. 1-MCP treatment at various doses did not prolong the shelf life of the mangosteen fruit. This treatment is consistent in both room temperature and at a temperature of 15oC. 6% beeswax better reduce weight loss than other types of coating materials.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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