Judul: Wastewater Treatment Plant Design for Coconut Aminos Production using Anaerobic and Aerobic Methods
Abstrak: PT Liza Herbal Internasional merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang herbal dan pangan yang menjalankan fungsi inovasi dan pengembangan usaha. Salah satu produk yang dikembangkan lebih lanjut adalah produk Coconut Aminos dengan bahan gula kelapa padat. Kegiatan produksi Coconut Aminos menghasilkan limbah cair yang dapat mengakibatkan pencemaran lingkungan. Proyek ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis karakteristik limbah serta merancang desain instalasi pengolahan air limbah. Tahapan penelitian terdiri atas observasi lapangan, pengumpulan data primer berupa volume dan uji karakteristik limbah, penentuan perancangan, serta perhitungan desain IPAL. Hasil karakteristik limbah berupa BOD5 sebesar 1230 mg/L, COD 1814 mg/L, pH sebesar 3,81, dan TSS sebesar 167 mg/L. Berdasarkan karakteristik limbah, proses yang tepat digunakan adalah proses pengolahan secara biologis. Proses pengolahan menggunakan mikroorganisme dengan biakan tersuspensi (suspended growth). Pengolahan air limbah pada iterasi pertama terdiri atas proses netralisasi, aerasi, dan sedimentasi. Efluen yang dihasilkan belum memenuhi baku mutu. Pengolahan pada iterasi dua terdiri dari proses netralisasi, anaerob, aerob, sedimentasi, dan penjernihan air (filtrasi) menggunakan media serabut kelapa, batu silika, dan kerikil dengan efluen yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan baku mutu air limbah. Nilai BOD5 sebesar 50 mg/L, COD sebesar 128 mg/L, pH sebesar 7,55, dan TSS sebesar 38 mg/L., PT Liza Herbal Internasional is a company that operates in the herb and food sector which carries out innovation and business development functions. One of the products that will continue to be developed is Coconut Aminos product that is made from solid coconut sugar. Coconut Aminos production activities produce liquid waste which can cause environment pollution. The project aims to identify and analyze waste characteristics and design a wastewater treatment plant design. The research stages consist of field observations, primary data collection of volume, waste characteristics identification, design determination, and IPAL design calculation. The waste characteristics had BOD5 of 1230 mg/L, COD of 1824 mg/L, pH of 3.81, and TSS of 167 mg/L. Based on the waste characteristics, the suitable process was biological processing. The process used microorganisms in suspended culture (suspended growth). Wastewater treatment in first interation consisted of neutralization, aertion, and sedimentation processes. It caused effluent did not meet quality standards. Iteration two process consisted of neutralization process, anaerobic, aerobic, sedimentation, and water purification (filtration) using coconut fiber, silica stone, and gravel media to produce effluent that meet quality standards. The BOD5 value is 50 mg/L, COD is 128 mg/L, pH is 7.55, and TSS is 38 mg/L.
Keyword: instalasi pengolahan, biakan tersuspensi, netralisasi, anaerob, aerob

Judul: Rancangan Instalasi Pengolahan Air limbah Industri dengan proses biologis Biological nutrient removal
Abstrak: Kegiatan industri yang menghasilkan limbah cair, berpotensi menimbulkan pencemaran air di lingkungan apabila tidak diolah dengan sesuai. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mengidentifikasi karakteristik limbah cair PT. W, membuat rancangan unit IPAL yang sesuai, serta menganalisis efektivitas penggunaan mikroba pada pengolahan biologis biological nutrient removal. Metode pengujian serta baku mutu yang digunakan adalah SNI pengujian air limbah, Peraturan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup Nomor 03 Tahun 2010, dan Keputusan Gubernur DKI Jakarta No. 582 Tahun 2005. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa nilai Total Suspended Solids (TSS), amonia (NH3), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Sulfida (S), minyak dan lemak serta fecal coliform melampaui baku mutu sehingga perlu diolah lebih lanjut. Rancangan unit IPAL yang digunakan adalah bak ekualisasi, bak penampung, bar screen, grit chamber, sedimentasi primer, biological nutrient removal, clarifier, desinfeksi, sludge thickener, sludge digester, dan sludge drying bed. Biological nutrient removal merupakan unit pengolahan biologis suspended growth yang dipilih karena unit dapat dirancang untuk menurunkan nilai BOD, TSS, dan NH3 menjadi 10 mg/l, 10 mg/l, dan 1 mg/l. Tingkat efektivitas penggunaan mikroorganisme dalam unit ini dapat diketahui dari persen penurunan nilai parameter pencemar., Industrial activities that produces waste water, causes water pollution if it not treated properly. The research objectives were to analyze and identify PT. W wastewater characteristic, to design an appropriate WWTP of PT. W and analyze the effectiveness of microorganism at biological process biological nutrient removal. The method used was based on SNI of wastewater analyzing, Regulation of Minister of the Environment Number 03/2010, and DKI Jakarta‘s Governor Regulation Number 582/2005. Result of the analysis showed TSS, NH3, S, BOD, COD, oil and grease, and fecal coliform exceeded the threshold. The units that used are equalization tank, bar screen, grit chamber, primary sedimentation, biological nutrient removal (BNR), clarifier, disinfection, sludge thickener, sludge digester, and sludge drying bed. Biological nutrient removal is suspended growth biological process were chosen because it could remove BOD, TSS, and NH3 concentration into 10 mg/l, 10 mg/l, and 1 mg/l. The effectivity of microorganism uses can be known by percent removal of indicator concentrations.
Keyword: air limbah, biological nutrient removal, IPAL

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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