Judul: Pre-Design Study of Coconut Shell-Based Product Processing Industy into Charcoal, Briquettes Charcoal and Activated Charcoal
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tempurung kelapa menjadi produk arang, briket arang, dan arang aktif merupakan usaha prospektif dalam upaya memberikan nilai tambah terhadap komoditas kelapa Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji potensi tempurung kelapa, mengetahui potensi pasar impor dan ekspor, mengkaji kelayakan perancangan usaha berbasis tempurung kelapa berdasarkan aspek finansial, serta merancang usaha berbasis tempurung kelapa. Ruang lingkup penelitian meliputi analisis pasar dan pemasaran, teknis dan teknologi, manajemen dan organisasi, serta analisis finansial. Perancangan industri ditempatkan di provinsi Riau dengan total ketersediaan tempurung kelapa sebesar 0,04 juta ton/tahun dan membutuhkan 3% tempurung kelapa untuk di produksi menjadi arang, briket arang, dan arang aktif. Kapasitas produksi yang dirancang sebesar 1441,93 kg/hari arang; 320,62 kg/hari briket arang; dan 282,11 kg/hari arang aktif. Proses produksi arang akan menghasilkan limbah padat dan gas yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi produk turunan dari proses produksi arang. Berdasarkan analisis aspek finansial produk arang, briket arang, dan arang aktif menunjukkan nilai kelayakan secara finansial dengan nilai NPV, IRR, Net B/C, dan PBP yang memenuhi kriteria., Charcoal, briquette, and activated charcoal is a prospective product to provide added value to Indonesian coconut commodities. The purpose of this research is to study the potential of coconut shells, to find the potential import and export markets, to study the feasibility of designing a coconut shell based on financial aspect, to design a coconut shell business. The research scope includes market and marketing analysis, technical and technology, management and organization, and financial. The design is placed in Riau province with 0.04 million tons / year and requires 3% coconut shell to be produced . The designed production capacity is 1441.93 kg / day of charcoal; 320.62 kg / day charcoal briquettes; and 282.11 kg / day of activated charcoal. The charcoal production process will produce solid waste and gas which can be used as a byproduct of the charcoal production process. Based on the analysis of the financial aspects of the products of charcoal, charcoal briquettes, and activated charcoal, it shows the value of financial feasibility with NPV, IRR, Net B / C, and PBP values that meet the criteria.
Keyword: activated charcoal, briquettes, coconut charcoal, design, financial analysis

Judul: Analisis Tekno-ekonomi Agroindustri Briket Kualitas Expor dari Tempurung Kelapa
Abstrak: Briket dari tempurung kelapa merupakan energi alternatif yang diharapkan mampu mengurangi pencemaran lingkungan dari pengunaan briket dari batu bara. Tempurung kelapa dipilih sebagai bahan baku briket yang cukup potensial karena memiliki nilai kalor sebesar 5.780 kal/g yang sedikit lebih rendah dari briket batu bara yaitu 6.158 kal/g. Syarat briket dengan kualitas ekspor yaitu berkualitas baik yang ditandai abu pembakaran berwarna putih. Sebelumnya telah didirikan sebuah agroindustri briket tempurung kelapa di Indragiri Hilir yang merupakan penghasil kelapa terbesar di Indonesia. Namun agroindustri ini tidak bertahan lama karena tidak mampu memenuhi syarat kualitas yang ditetapkan di negara-negara tujuan ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kelayakan tekno-ekonomi dalam pembangunan agroindustri briket dari tempurung kelapa dari segi teknis dan teknologi serta finansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dibutuhkannya penambahan kapur sebanyak 3% dari berat arang kelapa untuk menghasilkan briket dengan warna abu pembakaran putih. Selanjutnya dari aspek teknis dan operasional, dihasilkan perhitungan kriteria kelayakan investasi yang menyatakan agroindustri ini layak dengan nilai PP selama 18,22 bulan; NPV sebesar Rp62.384.629,92; IRR sebesar 75,78%; dan Net B/C sebesar 5,66., Briquette from coconut shell is an alternative energy which is expected to reduce environmental pollution from the use of coal briquettes. Coconut shell is chosen as a potential raw material for briquettes because it has a caloric value of 5.780 cal/g which is slightly lower than coal briquettes, which is 6.158 cal/g. Briquettes with export quality requirements are of good quality marked with white ash. Previously, a coconut shell briquette agroindustry was established in Indragiri Hilir which is the largest coconut producer in Indonesia. However, this agroindustry did not last long because it was unable to meet the quality requirements. This study aims to determine the techno-economic feasibility in the development of briquette agroindustry from the coconut shell in terms of technical and technological as well as financial. The results showed the need for lime addition of 3% of the weight of coconut charcoal to produce briquettes with white ash. Furthermore, from the technical and operational aspects, the calculation of investment financial feasibility criteria resulted in stating that the agroindustry was feasible with 18.22-month Payback Period; Net Present Value of Rp62.384.629,92; Rate of Return of 75,78%; and Benefit & Cost Ratio of 5,66.
Keyword: briquette, coconut shell, bioenergy, techno-economic

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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