Judul: Preferensi Pakan Tambahan Limbah Sayuran Pada Rusa Timor (Rusa Timorensis) di Penangkaran dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Perilaku Makan
Abstrak: Feed is the most important factors to determine the success of a captivity. Additional for age can be provided to deer to solve the limitation of grass availability as the primary feed for timor deer. Additional vegetables waste have advantage because the price is relatively cheap. Considering the problem, this research was conducted in the aim to identify kind of vegetable waste which is most preferred by the timor deer and any typical behavior which is possible showed by deer possibility as a negative impact of additional vegetables waste as feed. Research was held in captivity deer of Dramaga Research Forest in June until July 2012. Four individual timor deers (2 adult males and 2 adult females) were observed and four type of feed (mixed grass, corn skin, cabbage waste and chicory waste) were provided as additional for ages. There were two observation techniques used, they were supplementary feed preference and eating behavior. In feed preference, three types of vegetable waste and mixed grass as primary feed were given simultanously to deer . Two kilograms of each feed type were given daily to each. While in eat behavior, for age were given based on treatment. Every treatment consisting of 3 kg mixed grass and 3 kg vegetable for each pair deer. The data of feed preference were analysed by Index Nue. The result showed that skin of corn was preferred by both male and female deer with w value sequently 1,32 and 1,36. Afterward, vegetable waste feed affected eating behavior of the timor deer. The period of eating relatively shorter on the type of supplementary feed which was most preferred by both male and female timor deer, and longer on the type of supplementary feed which was not preferred. Chi-Square test showed that there was a significant difference, it showed the value of count χ² (161,387) was larger than the value of table χ² (7,378). Moreover, typical behavior as a negative affect from leftover cabbage as supplementary feed was found. It happened to male timor deer which fell asleep and drooling while sleeping. This was because cabbage contained a gas that could increase the gas in the stomach, so the timor deer's energy focused on the digestive system and caused male timor deer asleep.
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Judul: Perilaku dan Aspek Pakan Rusa Timor (Rusa timorensis Blainville 1822) Remaja Pada Kandang dan Jenis Pakan yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Efforts to improve the productivity of java deer (Rusa timorensis) can be done through improvements in the feed management and maintenance customized with deer behavior. This research aims to study the aspects of feed and daily behavior of java deer in adolescent age group (12-24 months) in captive breeding of Hutan Penelitian Dramaga, Bogor. In this study, deer were fed selective forage (Coix lacryma-jobi Lour, Pennisetum purpureum Schum, Hierochloe horsfieldii Maxim, and Commelina benghalensis L) and field grass. Result show on individual cages, the highest feed preference value was Pennisetum purpureum Schum and the highest feed palatability value was Hierochloe horsfieldii Maxim. The opposite result occured in the collective cage. On feeding selective forage, the average daily consumption of fresh and dry matter of feed, daily gain and feed efficiency deer were 4.87± 0.51 kg/head/day, 0.73±0.07 kg/head/day, 0.15±0.05 kg/head/day and 22.59%. Averaged digestibility coefficients of feed of java deer was 52.95±6.90% of dry matter, 30.87±26.00% of crude fat, 49.68±2.76%of crude protein, 56.49±6.48% of crude fiber, and 59.21±8.40% of N-free extractive. Daily behavior of java deer in individual cages were dominated by eating, rumination, movement and resting. In conclusion, to increase production that deers is better to be raised on individual cages.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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