Judul: Sifat Fisik, Kimia dan Biologis Ransum Mengandung Indigofera zollinferiana dan Enzim Fitase
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji sifat fisik, kimia, dan biologis ransum mengandug Indigofera zollingeriana dan enzim fitase. Hewan uji yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah ayam broiler sebanyak 20 ekor. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dengan lima kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan yakni P0 (ransum mengandung 20 % bungkil kedelai), P1 (ransum mengandung 8 % bungkil kedelai + 19.10 % Indigofera zollingeriana) dan P2 (ransum mengandung 8 % bungkil kedelai + 19.10 % Indigofera zollingeriana) + enzim fitase. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan prosedur analisis ragam (Analysis of Variance / ANOVA) dengan uji F dan dilanjutkan uji lanjut Duncan menggunakan program SPSS 21. Hasil pengukuran sifat fisik (kerapatan tumpukkan dan kerapatan pemadatan tumpukkan) dan sifat biologis (energi metabolis, retensi nitrogen dan retensi fosfor) menunjukkan bahwa ransum P1 dan P2 nyata (P<0.05) lebih rendah dibandingkan ransum P0. Penambahan enzim fitase pada ransum P2 tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai fisik, kimia dan biologis ransum.
Keyword: Indigofera zollingeriana, sifat biologis, sifat fisik

Judul: Sifat Fisik, Kimia dan Biologis Ransum Mengandung Indigofera zollingeriana Yang Diberi Enzim Protease
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tepung pucuk daun I. zollingeriana dan enzim protease terhadap sifat fisik dan energi metabolisme ayam broiler finisher. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor ayam broiler. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak lengkap dengan tiga taraf perlakuan dan lima ulangan. Perlakuan sebagai berikut. R0 = Ransum mengandung bungkil kedelai 20%, R1 = Ransum mengandung tepung pucuk daun I. zollingeria 19.10% dan 8% bungkil kedelai, R2 = Ransum R1 + enzim protease. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan prosedur analisis ragam (Analysis of Variance / ANOVA) dengan uji F dan dilanjutkan uji lanjut Duncan dengan menggunakan program SPSS 21. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan tepung pucuk I. zollingeriana meningkatkan serat kasar dalam ransum, ransum R1 dan R2 tidak berbeda nyata terhadap kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, dan energi metabolis, tetapi berbeda nyata (p<0.05) terhadap kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, dan energi metabolis pada ransum R0. Penggunaan enzim protease meningkatkan energi metabolis.
Keyword: biologis, ransum, sifat fisik

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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