Judul: Optimization of Land Use and Land Cover by Using Geographic Information System at the Watershed of Citamiang
Abstrak: This study examines the use of linear program and geographic information systems to optimize land use and land cover at the watershed of Citamiang. To obtain the optimum land use and land cover, the factors to consider are land productivity, the degree of erosion and the preference of the community living in the study area. A spatial model of optimal land use and land cover allocation is formulated into the value of PPPL = 0.38 x productivity score + 0.31 x erosion score + 0.31 x community preferences score. The study found that the optimal land use in the study area requires a forest area of 1036.9 ha (58%), mixed plantation of 572.36 ha (32%), fields/moor area of 81.14 ha (5%), settlement area of 13.3 ha (1%), and rice field of 66.3 ha (4%). This optimization will reduce erosion from 339.90 tones/ha/year to 113.32 tons/ha/year. Based on the composite model as described above, the geographic information system could effectively portray the area allocated by the linear program
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Judul: Land use planning based on soil conservation: case study at the subwatershed of upper ciasem in the subang district
Abstrak: Subwatershed of Upper Ciasem is one of the important subwatershed in the Subang District due to its strategic role for rice field irrigation. The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate existing land use based on land capability classification, (2) predict soil erosion using USLE formula and (3) set sustainable land use planning. The materials and equipments that were applied are existing land use map, soil map, slope class map, GPS, GIS, Clinometer, and Compass. The land characteristics data of this research are rainfall, soil physical characteristics, degree and length of slope, and land cover that were collected from each representative land unit. The research shows that dominant land use in the upper Ciasem subwatershed are rice field (33.95%), estate plantation (21.29%), mix garden (14.25%) and forest (13.35%), it indicates priority of economic scale. Land capability classification of recent land use, especially in dry land, mix garden and shrub in 15%-40% of slope are classified in class III and IV with slope as the limitation factor. Based on criteria of land capability classification, those land uses are suitable with its land capability, however, since slope as the limitation factor, soil conservation measures must be applied, such as strip cropping, contour cropping, contour ridges and furrows, and terrace. Soil erosion prediction on existing cropping pattern and land cover shows that generally soil erosion (A) is higher than tolerable soil loss (Atol) due to mainly slope factor and erosivity index (R). Thus, there should be an improvement of land use management by applying cropping pattern and agrotechnology properly. Farmers income from actual cropping pattern is not adequate to fulfil basic living requirement which is Rp 8.000.000 per household per annum, due to quite small farm size land without applying agrotechnology. In order to increase the farmers income, it is needed to improve cropping pattern and agrotechnology, aside from off farm income. In Regional and Arrangement Spatial Planning (RTRW), economic aspect has been still being the main consideration in the land use planning. In the long term of land use utilization, it is better to convert dry land and shrub into forest or mix garden. The direction of regional planning of upper Ciasem subwatershed is better to be oriented in developing of tourism, especially agrotourism and ecotourism.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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