Judul: Genetic variability studies on avocado (Persea americana L.) using inter-simple sequences repeat (ISSR) analysis
Abstrak: Avocado (Persea americana Mill) is an evergreen tree native to Mesoamerica. Open pollination reproduction mode and mutations are the main source of the high genetic diversity in avocado. Differences in climate and soil conditions in Indonesia by region of origin also makes the avocado has a high diversity. Evaluation of avocado characterization is usually based on morphological descriptions of plants. However, this method requires a long time because the avocado plant is an annual plant. Therefore, other ways to characterize the avocado is needed. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study genetic diversity relationships among 23 avocado accessions. Morphological traits were used to assess levels of polymorphism across 23 accessions. Thirty-four morphological traits were scored and were scattered into 121 different loci. The twenty-third accessions grouped into three groups at 0.44 similarity degree. A total of 37 different amplification fragments were detected ranging from 2 to 7 per primer with an average of 5.2 fragments per primer. A dendrogram was generated using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages). This dendrogram classified most of the genotypes analyzed into three major groups. The UPGMA cluster constructed from combination data of morphological traits and ISSR marker analysis separated the 23 accessions into three major groups at similarity value of 0.51. The most different accession is Lam1. The rest of the accessions in the dendrogram could be divided into two main clusters with accessions of different origin intermixed. The correlation coefficient between the morphological and ISSR matrices was 0.60076. It means that the matrices obtained from the molecular genomic markers and the morphological trait had significant positive correlations.
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Judul: Keragaman Genetik Nenas (Ananas comosus (L.) Merr.) berdasarkan Penanda Morfologi dan Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP)
Abstrak: Information on genetic diversity is essential in breeding program. Characterization of germplasm for providing genotype variation data can be accomplished by phenotypic or genotypic assessment. The aim of this research was to know the genetic diversity among 21 pineapple accessions from Sumatera, Kalimamtan, Sulawesi, Irian Jaya, Jawa Barat, Bali and Jepang based on morphological character and Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism (AFLP). The morphological data consisted of length, width, spine position and coloration of leaves. The data were categorized into class data and converted to binary form. Two selected primers P11 and M48 were used to generat AFLP markers. The twenty nine AFLP fragments were scored as binary form based on the presence (1) and absence (0) of each fragment. Similarity matrix was obtained to perform cluster analysis based on Dice coefficient. Dendrogram was constructed through clustering analysis using SPSS-13 software. An integrated similarity analysis of morphological and AFLP data showed that similarity coefficient among the 21 accessions ranged between 0.67-1.00. All the 21 accessions were clustered into tree groups at similarity index of 0.74. The first group consisted of 17 accessions, the second group consisted of 3 accessions and the third group contained 1 accession. However, all 21 accessions were closely related each other at 0.67 similarity coefficient.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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