Judul: Pengaruh metode netralisasi dan kecepatan pengadukan terhadap mutu faktis gelap dari minyak jarak (Castor oil)
Abstrak: Faktis merupakan material padat, agak elastis yang terbuat dari minyak nabati melalui vulkanisasi dengan sulfur atau sulfur klorida. Aplikasi faktis cukup luas karena meliputi penggunaan dalam pengolahan karet alam maupun sintetis. Faktis gelap diperoleh melalui reaksi antara minyak dengan sulfur pada suhu tinggi dan umumnya digunakan untuk barang jadi karet yang berwarna gelap, seperti selang air, kawat, kabel, peralatan rumah tangga, penghapus, spons, gasket untuk lemari pendingin dan automotif, dan lain-lain. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: 1) Mengetahui pengaruh metode netralisasi dan kecepatan pengadukan terhadap mutu faktis gelap; 2) Mendapatkan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik untuk menghasilkan faktis gelap dengan menggunakan bahan baku minyak jarak (castor oil).
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Judul: Manufacture engineering of dark factice derived from castor oil
Abstrak: Fakt is gelap merupakan salah satu bahan oleh karet yang berupa bahan padat dan bertekstur elastis. Faktis gelap dibuat dari minyak yang ba nyak mengandung asam lemak tidak jenuh melalui reaksi vulkanisasi dengan sulfur pada suhu tinggi. Faktis gelap digunakan pada pembuatan kompo n untuk barang jadi karet berwarna. Faktis gelap umumnya ditambahkan pada kompon karet yang aka n dieks trusi ataupun dicetak. Tujuan da ri pe nelitian ini ada lah untuk mendapatka n informasi yang valid tentang : (1) : karakteristik minyak jarak sebagai bahan baku pembuatan faktis gelap, (2) kombinasi konsentrasi sulfur dan suhu optimum untuk pembuatan faktis gelap dari minyak jarak serta karakteristik faktis gelap yang dihasilkan, (3) gambaran kuantitatif terjadinya ikatan silang pada reaksi pembentukan faktis gelap dari minyak jarak dan aplikasi faktis gelap yang dihasilkan dalam pembuatan selang gas LPG, dan (4) gambaran kelayakan teknis dan finansial pengembangan unit produksi faktis gelap berbahan baku minyak jarak.
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates