Judul: Penggunaan Mikroorganisme Lokal dari Berbagai Formula terhadap Kualitas Biourin Kambing Terfortifikasi
Abstrak: Biourin yang banyak dikenal dengan nama pupuk organik cair merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam pengolahan limbah terutama urin ternak. Salah satu manfaat biourin adalah untuk menjaga kesuburan tanah agar produksi yang dihasilkan oleh petani meningkat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menguji kualitas mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) dan biourin kambing yang telah dibuat dengan formula berbeda, serta menguji biourin yang terbaik pada tanaman kangkung. MOL dibuat dengan empat bahan baku utama yaitu isi rumen sapi, keong mas, rebung bambu, dan bonggol pisang. Pembuatan MOL dilakukan selama 14 hari dengan sistem aerobik. Sebanyak 10% dari MOL yang telah dibuat, ditambahkan kedalam urin kambing untuk pembuatan biourin dengan sistem yang sama yaitu aerobik. Biourin terbaik akan diujikan pada tanaman kangkung. Dari pengamatan yang telah dilakukan diperoleh hasil bahwa komposisi bahan baku dari formula yang ada, mempengaruhi kualitas MOL yang dihasilkan. Kualitas tersebut mempengaruhi hasil akhir dari biourin yang dibuat. Biourin terbaik yang dipilih memiliki kandungan N dan P sebesar 2.23 % dan 0.11%. Jumlah biourin yang diaplikasikan pada tanaman kangkung sebesar 0.4 ml/ lubang tanam. Dengan jumlah tersebut diperoleh hasil bahwa tanaman kangkung dengan perlakuan biourin menghasilkan tingkat produksi yang lebih tinggi dari pada tanaman kontrol negatif akan tetapi perbedaannya tidak signifikan. Namun hasil tersebut masih lebih rendah dari kontrol positif dengan perlakuan pupuk kimia.
Keyword: Biourin, Mikroorganisme Lokal (MOL), Produksi Kangkung

Judul: Kajian Penggunaan Mikroorganisme Lokal dalam Pembuatan Biourn dan Aplikasinya
Abstrak: Biourine is one way of processing livestock waste to increase its economic value. Bio urine is beneficial for plants as organic fertilizer. Processing waste derived from the urine into bio urine is an effort to avoid environmental pollution, mainly due to garbage originating from livestock. This study aims to determine the use of animal and vegetable indigenous microorganisms (IMO) for the manufacture of bio urine as a liquid organic fertilizer in terms of microbiological elements, pH, and micronutrients, namely C, N, P, and K. Animal Biourine was made from rumen contents, molasses, and water, then fermented aerobically for 14 days. IMO from the vegetable is made from tomato pulp, brown sugar, rice washing water, coconut water, and fermented with the same aerobic system for 14 days. The research method used a randomized block design with five treatments and four replication, namely A-: Cow urine without addition, A+: Cow urine + EM4, B: Cow urine + 100% animal IMO, C: Cow urine + 100% vegetable IMO, D: Cow urine + 50% animal IMO + 50% vegetable IMO. Parameters observed were total microbial, pH, micronutrient levels of C, P, N, and K, and micronutrients Fe and Cu. The results showed that the treatment had a significant effect on total microbes, pH, C, N, P, K, Fe, and Cu, with the results of the study that cow urine added with Animal and Vegetable IMO can be used as Bio-urine and can be used as liquid organic fertilizer and better treatment is the vegetable IMO. Keywords: Biourine, Indigenous microorganisms, Liquid organic fertilizer
Keyword: Cow urine, indigenous microorganism (IMO), biourine, kale plant

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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