Judul: Design and Simulation of Machine for Lifting Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches to Truck
Abstrak: Proses pengangkatan tandan buah sawit segar ke truk membutuhkan banyak tenaga kerja apabila dilakukan secara manual, dan pada kenyataannya di perkebunan rakyat pekerjaan ini masih dilakukan sepenuhnya secara manual sehingga dapat mengakibatkan kelelahan dan dapat mengakibatkan cedera akibat beban kerja yang ada terlalu besar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang dan menyimulasikan mesin pengangkat tandan buah segar kelapa sawit ke truk. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan desain fungsional dan struktural yang terdiri dari beberapa tahapan, antara lain: identifikasi masalah, perumusan konsep desain, analisis teknik, gambar teknik, analisis kekuatan bahan, simulasi kinematika, simulasi konsumsi daya, dan simulasi timbangan digital. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi, tandan buah segar dapat bergerak naik dari bawah ke atas dengan mekanisme elevator, kemudian masuk ke bak truk kelapa sawit. Konsumsi daya maksimum pengangkatan tandan buah segar adalah ketika terjadi hentakan pada pengangkatan tandan buah segar ukuran besar yaitu 1466.24 watt. Berdasarkan hasil simulasi tersebut, pemilihan daya motor listrik DC sebesar 1500 watt sebagai tenaga penggerak dari elevator dapat memenuhi kebutuhan daya pengangkatan tandan buah segar kelapa sawit ke truk., Process of lifting fresh fruit bunches to trucks requires a lot of manpower if done manually, and in fact in smallholder plantations this work is still done completely manually so that it can lead to fatigue and can result in injuries due to the existing too big workload. The purpose of this research is to design and simulate a machine to lift oil palm fresh fruit bunches to a truck. This research was conducted using a functional and structural design approach consisting of several stages, including: problem identification, design concept formulation, engineering analysis, engineering drawings, material strength analysis, kinematics simulation, power consumption simulation, and digital scale simulation. Based on simulation results, fresh fruit bunches can move up from the bottom to the top with an elevator mechanism, then enter the oil palm truck bed. Maximum power consumption for lifting fresh fruit bunches is when there is a pounding on the removal of large fresh fruit bunches, which is 1466.24 watts. Based on the simulation results, the selection of a DC electric motor of 1500 watts as the driving force of the elevator can meet the power needs of lifting oil palm fresh fruit bunches to the truck.
Keyword: fresh fruit bunches, lifting, oil palm, workload

Judul: Design of Machine for Lifting Palm Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunches to Truck by Utilizing the Weight of the Truck
Abstrak: Proses pengangkatan tandan buah segar kelapa sawit ke truk memiliki potensi kelelahan dan kecelakaan kerja yang tinggi. Bobot dari truk pengangkut memiliki energi potensial yang besar, sehingga berpotensi dimanfaatkan untuk mengangkat tandan ke bak truk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah merancang mesin pengangkat tandan buah segar kelapa sawit ke truk dengan memanfaatkan bobot truk. Perancangan ini dilakukan sebagai bentuk alternatif dengan mengaplikasikan prinsip karakuri. Penelitian yang dilakukan merupakan prototyping fase awal, yaitu untuk mengetahui kelayakan konsep serta prinsip-prinsip dasar yang berlaku pada rancangan di lapangan. Pendekatan analisis yang dilakukan melibatkan kinematika, dinamika, kekuatan bahan, transmisi (hidrolik), serta analisis elemen hingga. Hasil konsep yang dipilih adalah berbasis hidrolik dengan mekanisme scissor lift dan pijakan truk. Berdasarkan analisis dan pengujian lapang, mesin dapat mengangkat tandan dari ketinggian 85 cm hingga 2,42 m dengan proses dumping yang mengandalkan sudut curah tandan sebesar 20 derajat. Usaha tersebut diraih melalui pemanfaatan bobot truk jenis 2 axle. Pada kondisi muatan truk kosong, mesin dapat mengangkat sebanyak 93 kg tandan. Secara teoritis, mesin dapat mengangkat sebanyak 400 kg saat muatan truk 55% penuh (3278 kg). Kapasitas angkat maksimal yang direncanakan adalah 500 kg, yaitu untuk 400 kg tandan dan 100 kg sistem pengangkat., Lifting palm oil’s fresh fruit bunches to trucks has a high potential for fatigue and work accidents. Transport truck has a large potential energy, that can be used to lift bunches into the truck. The purpose of this research is to design fresh fruit bunches lifting machine by utilizing the truck-weight. This design initiated as an alternative form with karakuri principle application. The research carried out as the prototypings initial phase, to knowing the concept feasibility and basic principles that apply to designs in the field. Analytical approach involved kinematics, dynamics, material strength, (hydraulic) transmission, and finite element analysis. Hydraulic-based concept was choosen with scissor lift mechanism and truck footing. Based on analysis and field testing, the machine can lift bunches from a height of 85 cm to 2,42 m by dumping process which relies on a 20 degree angle. This was achieved through the utilization of truck-weight with 2 axle type. An empty truck load condition can lifted 93 kg bunches. Theoretically, the machine can lift up to 400 kg when the truck is 55% full (3278 kg). The planned maximum lifting capacity is 500 kg, which’s for 400 kg of bunches and 100 kg of lifting system.
Keyword: alat pengangkat, bobot truk, energi potensial, karakuri, tandan buah segar, fresh fruit bunches, lifting machine, potential energy, truck weight

Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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