Judul: Desain dan Uji Penggoreng Open Deep Frying dengan Perubahan Posisi Elemen Pemanas
Abstrak: Deep frying is one of the oldest ways in food cooking. Everyone is like deep frying product because it has a color, taste, and typical flavor. Fat content and acrylamide in food is the problem of deep frying product which depends on frying time. Reduce frying time will reduce fat content, arylamide in food, and energy consumption. Frying time depend on the height of oil frying in fryer and heating element position. This new fryer design aimed to reduce frying time through the partly change of heating element position to the top of fryer. The result from calculation in this design have provided minimum of oil height in fryer 35 cm, power of fryer 6 kW, fryer diameter 34 cm, volume of oil frying 33 l, and total height of fryer 50 cm. Power of heating element on the top of fryer 1,5 kW and at the bottom of fryer 4,5 kW. There are two kind of heating element which used in this new fryer design i.e. 3 kW and 1.5 kW with Watt density 3,1 W/cm2 and 6,28 W/cm2 respectively, both of the values were met the requirement of low Watt density less from 10 W/cm2. Fryer performance test divided into three stages. Potato is used as a material fry test of this new fryer design. The result of the preliminary test showed that the vertically temperature differential is higher on new fryer design than old fryer design. The higher of vertically temperature differential cause the increase of the Rayleigh number. First performance test showed that the center temperature of product in new fryer design is faster 2 minutes in reach 105 co from the old fryer design. Second performance test showed that the frying time on new fryer design is shorter in 2 minutes from the old fryer design. Fat content in french fries from new fryer design is lower 5.78 % from the fat content in french fries from old fryer design. We save 0.2 kWh in used of the new fryer design in one frying process.
Keyword: Open deep frying, Food cooking, Deep-fat frying, Boiling heat transfer

Judul: Pengurangan Penyerapan Minyak dengan Tepung Pragelatinisasi Selama Deep Fat Frying
Abstrak: Oil uptake of fried food is quite high during deep fat frying. Pregelatinized flour is one of ingredient that can reduce oil uptake. The aim of this research is to know the effect of pregelatinized flour on oil absorption. Pregelatinized flour can produced by rice cooker, extruder and drum dryer. In this research, water content, water holding capacity, and birefringence characteristic is analysed. Besides, fat content of donuts is measured by soxhlet method. The highest reducing oil uptake to the lowest is 50% pregelatinized flour by drum dryer, 50% pregelatinized flour by extruder and 50% pregelatinized flour by rice cooker. The highest percentage of reducing oil uptake using pregelatinized flour by drum dryer is 33.70%. The highest disruption of birefringence characteristic and water holding capacity of pregelatinized flour can reduce oil uptake
Keyword: pregelatinized rice flour, oil uptake, deep fat frying

Judul: Morfologi dan siklus hidup babesia canis pada vektor caplak dan induk semang anjing
Abstrak: Babesiosis adalah penyakit hewan menular yang dapat bersifat akut sampai menahun (kronis). Penyebabnya adalah protozoa dari genus Babesia yang menyerang dan merusak sel darah merah (Howe, 1971). Pada anjing pertama kali diketahui oleh Piana dan Galli-Vallerio (1895). Sebagai vektor tunggalnya adalah caplak. Jenis caplak yang dapat sebagai vektor dari Babesia canis antara lain Rhipicephalus sanguineus, Dermacentor marginatus, D. pictus, D. venustus, Hyalomma marginatum, Haemaphysalis leachi. Morfologi Babesia bergantung kepada siklus hidup dan jenisnya. Adapun morfologi Babesia canis dapat dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu pada caplak sebagai vek- tornya dan anjing sebagai induk semangnya. Morfologi Babesia canis pada caplak Rhipicephalus sanguineus akan terlihat bentukan seperti flagella yang kaku dengan tonjolan 11 keluar yang disebut Strahlenkorper atau ray bodies, dengan diameter 4 7 milimikron yang terdapat pada sel usus caplak (Mehlhorn te al, 1980 dalam Baker dan Muller, 1984). Bentuk Babesia canis di dalam eritrosit seperti buah pir, dapat tunggal atau berpasangan berukuran 4 5 mikron. ...
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