Judul: Minyak Nilam sebagai Biofungisida untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Antraknosa (Colletotrichum capsici (Syd.) Butler & Bisby) pada Buah Cabai
Abstrak: Anthracnose is one of the caused of low chili productivity in Indonesian its caused by C. capsici. Much farmer using a fungicide as a controlling. Using of fungicide with uncontrolled could have a negative impact on the environment. The aim of this study is to test the potential of patchouli oil as fungicide in suppresses the growth of C. capsici causes anthracnose disease on chili. In this study conducted the isolation and purification of C. capsici, test in vitro by isolates C. capsici grown on PDA mixed with patchouli oil (A and B) with a concentration of 10%, 5%, 2.5%, 1.25%, and 0.625% done separately, isolates of C. capsici grown on PDA medium as a negative control (Kn) and PDA media mixed with fungicides mankozeb as a positive control (Kp). Initial diameter isolates C. capsici is 7 mm. The measured variable is growth of colonies of C. capsici and percentage inhibition of colony growth of C. capsici. The results showed that patchouli oil A effectively significant suppresed C. capsici growth compare to patchouli oil B at 10 HSP in 91.15% at each concentration except were concentration of 0.625% with inhibitory ability of 85.92%. The patchouli oil A with a concentration of 2.5% used in the in vivo test. The in vivo test was applicated of patchouli oil in chilies with preventive, curative, and resistance induction. Variables which measured are the incubation period and intensity disease. The results showed an incubation period on curative test was 8 HSI, preventive and induction of resistant test was 5 HSI, while the intensity of the attacks C. capsici at 10 HSI at test curative 4.80%, preventive 23.20%, and resistance induction 29.60%, compared with Kp 29.60% and Kn 68.80%.
Keyword: 

Judul: Mycobiota on chilli fruits: their effect on colletotrichum capsici, causing anthracnose
Abstrak: Colletotrichum capsici merupakan cendawan patogen penyebab antraknosa pada berbagai buah tropis, terutama pada buah cabai. Penggunaan agens kontrol biologi merupakan alternatif pengendalian penyakit pascapanen pada produk hortikultura. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji potensi antagonistik mikobiota pada buah cabai terhadap C. capsici. Cendawan patogen dan cendawan uji diisolasi dari buah cabai merah besar var. Imperial-308 dan Hibrida F1 Maraton yang diperoleh dari 3 pasar tradisional di Kotamadya Bogor. Isolasi C. capsici menghasilkan 4 isolat. Colletotrichum capsici CPB I.1 memiliki patogenisitas tertinggi pada buah cabai merah besar var. IPB Perbani. Isolasi cendawan uji dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode pengenceran serial yang dilanjutkan dengan metode cawan tuang menghasilkan 14 isolat, terdiri atas 7 isolat cendawan berfilamen dan 7 isolat khamir. Uji antagonisme dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode oposisi langsung pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) menghasilkan 4 isolat cendawan antagonis yang menyebabkan persentase hambatan pertumbuhan lebih dari 70% terhadap C. capsici CPB I.1, yaitu 3 isolat cendawan berfilamen (Plectosphaerella cucumerina, isolat MF 2, dan Aspergillus flavus) dan 1 isolat khamir (Issatchenkia orientalis). Dua cendawan antagonis (P. cucumerina dan I. orientalis) tidak menyebabkan penyakit pada buah cabai var. IPB Perbani, sehingga berpotensi sebagai agens kontrol biologi., Colletotrichum capsici is a pathogenic fungus causing anthracnose on various tropical fruits, especially chilli fruit. Biological control agents have been used as an alternative to control postharvest diseases. This study aims to examine the antagonistic potential of mycobiota on chilli fruit against C. capsici. Pathogenic fungus and test fungi were isolated from red chilli fruits var. Imperial- 308 and Hibrida F1 Maraton collected from 3 traditional markets in Municipality of Bogor. Four isolates of C. capsici were obtained from red chilli fruits infected by anthracnose. Colletotrichum capsici CPB I.1 showed the highest pathogenicity on red chilli fruits var. IPB Perbani. Fourteen isolates of test fungi were obtained from healthy red chilli fruits using serial dilution method, followed by pour plate method. They consisted of 7 filamentous fungi and 7 yeast isolates. Test of antagonism using direct opposition method on PDA obtained 4 antagonist fungal isolates which inhibited the growth of C. capsici CPB I.1 more than 70%. They consisted of 3 filamentous fungi (Plectosphaerella cucumerina, isolate MF 2, and Aspergillus flavus) and 1 yeast (Issatchenkia orientalis). Two isolates of antagonist fungi (P. cucumerina and I. orientalis) did not cause any diseases of chilli fruits var. IPB Perbani, consequently they can be used as biocontrol agents. Keywords: anthracnose, chilli fruit, Colletotrichum capsici, mycobiota
Keyword: antraknosa, buah cabai, Colletotrichum capsici, mikobiota

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular