Judul: Pola Konsumsi, Pengeluaran dan Willingness to Pay Rumah Tangga terhadap Layanan Air Bersih
Abstrak: Pencemaran air tanah dan kelangkaan akses sumber air bersih merupakan masalah utama di beberapa daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya di Kelurahan Kamal, Kecamatan Kalideres, Jakarta Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan pola konsumsi dan pengeluaran rumah tangga antara rumah tangga yang telah memiliki jaringan air perpipaan dengan rumah tangga yang belum memiliki jaringan air perpipaan. Identifikasi sumber air dan estimasi volume pemakaian air berdasarkan pendapatan pada masing-masing sumber dianalisis menggunakan tabulasi dan analisis deskriptif, perbandingan pengeluaran konsumsi air dianalisis menggunakan analisis pendapatan, estimasi nilai keinginan masyarakat atas jaringan air perpipaan PT. Palyja dianalisis menggunakan analisis Willingness To Pay (WTP), serta estimasi surplus konsumen dianalisis menggunakan analisis surplus konsumen. Berdasarkan hasil keempat analisis tersebut, dapat disimpulkan bahwa secara nominal pengeluaran konsumsi air rumah tangga yang belum memiliki jaringan air perpipaan lebih rendah daripada rumah tangga yang telah memiliki jaringan air perpipaan, namun karena pendapatan rumah tangga yang belum memiliki jaringan air perpipaan lebih rendah, maka proporsi pengeluaran konsumsi air mereka menjadi lebih tinggi. Nilai WTP yang diperoleh lebih besar daripada harga yang sebenarnya konsumen bayarkan jika mendapat jaringan air perpipaan, maka masyarakat mendapatkan surplus konsumen.
Keyword: analisis pendapatan, layanan air bersih, surplus konsumen, willingness to pay.

Judul: The Pattern of Household Consumption and Expenditure for Clean Water in Kampung Luar Batang, North Jakarta
Abstrak: Kelangkaan air bersih di Kampung Luar Batang mengakibatkan masyarakat harus memenuhi kebutuhan airnya dari berbagai sumber, sehingga menyebabkan peningkatan biaya untuk mendapatkan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pola konsumsi air bersih berdasarkan sumber-sumber air bersih, menganalisis persepsi rumah tangga terhadap air bersih, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi konsumsi air bersih, dan membandingkan pengeluaran untuk konsumsi air bersih terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif, skala likert, regresi linear berganda, dan analisis proporsi pengeluaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan (1) Rumah tangga menggunakan empat sumber air bersih; (2) Persepsi rumah tangga menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan kategori pelayanan, kualitas, dan sikap pedagang air bersih, air minum dalam kemasan mendapatkan skor tertinggi dibandingkan sumber air bersih lain; (3) Terdapat tiga faktor yang memengaruhi konsumsi air bersih di Kampung Luar Batang, yaitu jumlah anggota keluarga, pendapatan rumah tangga, dan luas bangunan rumah; (4) Rumah tangga yang tidak mengalami kelangkaan air bersih lebih hemat dalam pengeluaran untuk konsumsi air., Scarcity of clean water in Kampung Luar Batang has resulted in the community having to meet their water needs from other sources, which has led to an increase in the cost of obtaining water. This study aims to identify patterns of clean water consumption based on clean water sources, analyze household perceptions of clean water, analyze factors that influence clean water consumption, and compare expenditures for clean water consumption to total household income. This research uses descriptive analysis method, likert scale, multiple linear regression, and expenditure proportion analysis. The results showed (1) Households use four sources of clean water; (2) Household perceptions indicate that based on the category, quality, and attitude of clean water traders, bottled drinking water gets the highest score compared to other source of clean water; (3) There are three factors that influence the consumption of clean water in Kampung Luar Batang, namely number of family members, household income, and the area of house building; (4) Households that do not experience a scarcity of clean water are more efficient in spending on water consumption.
Keyword: cost, multiple linear regression, volume, perception, price

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
Keyword: