Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pertumbuhan Total Factor Productivity (TFP) Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia
Abstrak: The agricultural sector is a sector which is crucial and has an important role for people life. Enhancement in agricultural productivity is the focus of the current Government. Previous research shows that the growth of agricultural output was not only influenced by the capital and labor but there is another factor called Total Factor Productivity (TFP). This research focuses on the factors that affect TFP growth of the agricultural sector in Indonesia in the period 1980-2011. This research using Cobb-Douglas linearization to calculate TFP value. Error Correction Model (ECM) used to analyze factors that affect agricultural TFP. Independent variables used in this model are irrigation, inflation rate, level of education, agricultural credit, and trade openness, while the dependent variable used is agricultural TFP. The results of this research indicate that the variables that affect agricultural TFP in the short-term are education and level of trade openness. Variables that affect agricultural TFP on long term are the level of education, agricultural credit, and trade openness.
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Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Total Factor Productivity Sektor Industri Nonpertanian di Indonesia
Abstrak: Industrial output could be increased through the productivity of factor production. The objective of this research are to analyze the Total Factor Productivity (TFP) and to investigate the factors that affect the TFP non-agricultural industry and each sub-sector (paper, chemicals, non-metal mining, basic metals, metal products). Econometric method is used to calculate TFP by regressing data of input and output from non-agriculture industry as an agregat and as sub-sector to get the Cobb-Douglas production function, and to analyze the factors that affect TFP calculated using Error Correction Model (ECM). The results show the largest average TFP found in industrial subsector of metallic goods while the lowest is at the basic metal industry. The factors that affect non-agricultural industrial TFP in the short term are industrial GDP and industrial domestic investment (PMDN). in the long run is affected by industrial foreign investment (PMA), PMDN, and imports of capital (M).
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Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship