Judul: Estimating the Severinity Forest and Land Fire Using a Geographic Information System in Meranti Island, Riau Province
Abstrak: Kebakaran hutan dan lahan merupakan bencana alam yang sering terjadi di wilayah Indonesia khususnya di Pulau Sumatera. Selain menjadi penyumbang lahan gambut terluas, Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti Provinsi Riau menjadi salah satu tempat kebakaran terburuk, sehingga perlu diketahui tingkat keparahan kebakaran, persebaran, maupun luasannya sehingga apabila terjadi kebakaran, penanggulangannya dapat dilakukan secara efektif. Salah satu teknik yang dapat digunakan untuk mendapatkan data-data tersebut, yaitu melalui Sistem Informasi Geografis dan penginderaan jauh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi tingkat keparahan dan pertumbuhan indeks spektral vegetasi pasca kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Berdasarkan analisis data diketahui bahwa sebaran hotspot/titik panas terbanyak di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti terjadi pada tahun 2014. Keparahan kebakaran tahun 2014 di Kabupaten Kepulauan Meranti di dominasi oleh tingkat keparahan kelas tinggi pada indeks NBR. Luas tingkat keparahan kelas tinggi dengan indeks NBR adalah 52,1%. Nilai uji akurasi indeks NBR memiliki nilai 90,334%. Frekuensi kebakaran pada area yang berulang menyebabkan laju pertumbuhan nilai indeks vegetasi lebih terhambat dibandingkan dengan pengaruh tingkat keparahan kebakaran., Forest and land fires are natural disasters that often occur in Indonesia, especially on Sumatra. In addition to being the largest peatlands, the Meranti Islands Regency Riau is one of the worst fire sites. It is necessary to know the severity of the fire, its distribution, and its extent so that if a fire occurs can be managed effectively. Technique that can be used to obtain these data is through Geographic Information Systems and remote sensing. This study aims to identify the severity and the growth of the spectral index of vegetation after forest and land fires. Based on the data analysis, the distribution of hotspots in the Meranti Islands Regency occurred in 2014. The severity of the 2014 fires in the Meranti Islands Regency was dominated by the high severity grade on the NBR index. The area of high-grade severity with NBR index is 52.1%. The NBR index accuracy test value has a value of 90.334%. The frequency of fires in repeated areas causes the growth rate of the vegetation index value more inhibited compared to the effect of fire severity.
Keyword: Indeks vegetasi, Kebakaran, SIG, Tingkat keparahan

Judul: Estimating the Severity of Peat Fires in Siak Regency, Riau Province
Abstrak: Kebakaran yang terjadi pada lahan gambut memiliki dampak yang sangat buruk bagi kesehatan manusia dan bagi lingkungan. Dampak yang ditimbulkan dari kebakaran tersebut perlu dianalisis lebih lanjut. Salah satu pendekatan dalam penilaian dampak kebakaran adalah pendekatan tingkat keparahan kebakaran (fire severity) yang menilai dampak kebakaran terhadap vegetasi dan sifat-sifat tanah. Perkembangan teknologi penginderaan jauh terkait penilaian tingkat keparahan kebakaran telah banyak berkembang, salah satunya dengan metode Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR). Namun, penerapan metode tersebut perlu diverifikasi dengan pengukuran di lapangan (ground check) sehingga diharapkan informasi yang diperoleh lebih akurat dan efektif dalam upaya penilaian dampak kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penelitian ini berfokus pada estimasi tingkat keparahan kebakaran lahan gambut di Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau agar terciptanya langkah-langkah dalam upaya penanganan pascakebakaran, baik itu upaya rehabilitasi, evaluasi, dan penegakan hukum. Lokasi penelitian dilakukan pada lahan gambut terbakar di Kabupaten Siak, Provinsi Riau. Pengolahan data analisis citra dengan metode Normalized Burning Ratio (NBR) dilakukan pada bulan Mei hingga bulan Agustus 2021 di Laboratorium Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan IPB. Hasil dari perhitungan metode Normalized Burning Ratio digunakan sebagai penentuan lokasi pengambilan data sampel di lapangan. Pengambilan dan pengukuran sampel di lapangan dengan metode fire severity, dilakukan pada bulan September tahun 2021. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan Normalized Burning Ratio, Kabupaten Siak memiliki luasan tingkat keparahan kebakaran tinggi sebesar 93,33 ha, tingkat keparahan sedang hingga tinggi seluas 6.081 ha, tingkat keparahan sedang hingga rendah seluas 11.467 ha, dan tingkat keparahan rendah seluas 34.724 ha. Jika dibandingkan dengan hasil pengukuran di lapangan (ground check), metode fire severity menunjukkan hasil tingkat keparahan yang sama dengan metode Normalized Burning Ratio pada lahan dengan tingkat keparahan kebakaran tinggi., Fires that occur on peatlands have a very bad impact on human health and the environment. The impact that incurred because of these fires needs to be analyzed further. One of the approaches in assessing the impact of fires is the fire severity approach, which assesses the impact of fires on vegetation and soil properties. Remote sensing technology related to the assessment of fire severity has been broadly developed, one of the methods is the Normalized Burn Ratio (NBR). However, the application of this method needs to be verified with measurements in the field (ground check) in order to obtain more accuracy and effectiveness in assessing the impact of forest and land fires. This research focuses on estimating the severity of peatland fires in Siak Regency, Riau Province in order to create steps in post-fire management efforts, including rehabilitation, evaluation, and law enforcement efforts. The research location was conducted on a burning peat area in Siak Regency, Riau Province. Image analysis data processing using the Normalized Burning Ratio (NBR) method was carried out from May to August 2021 at the Forest and Land Fire Laboratory, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University. The results of the calculation of the Normalized Burning Ratio method are used to determine the location of field sampling. Data collection and measurements in the field sampling using the fire severity method was carried out in September 2021. Based on the results of the Normalized Burning Ratio
Keyword: Fire Severity, NBR, Peatland Fire, Remote Sensing

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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