Judul: Comparison of Gastric Emptying Time and Intestinal  Motility Responses of Pediatric and Adult Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with  Orange Juice
Abstrak: Multiproses pencernaan menjadi faktor yang perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mencapai keberhasilan dari suatu pengobatan. Faktor umur diduga memengaruhi kinerja dan penyerapan suatu sediaan dari formulasi oral. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbandingan gastric emptying time (GET) dan respons motilitas usus tikus pediatri dan dewasa yang diberikan sari jeruk sebagai model obat asam. Tikus diberikan sediaan sari jeruk sesuai dosis kelompok perlakuan melalui rute oral. Selanjutnya, tikus dilakukan anestesi dan pembedahan ruang abdomen. Organ lambung diperhatikan dan dicatat waktu hingga isi organ tersebut kosong. Setelah didapatkan GET, motilitas usus tikus diamati dengan metode gastrointestinal transit. Hasil tersebut dianalisis menggunakan two-way ANOVA. Rata-rata GET fisiologis normal tikus pediatri dan dewasa adalah 59,00 dan 54,67 menit. Sementara itu, pemberian sari jeruk dengan dosis tertinggi (20 g/kg BB) memperpanjang GET secara signifikan. Faktor keasaman, konsistemsi, dan kandungan karbohidrat sari jeruk memengaruhi perbedaan GET. Terhadap motilitas usus, peningkatan dosis pemberian sari jeruk dan umur tikus meningkatkan rasio marker dan kecepatan peristaltik secara signifkan. Kondisi ini menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis sari jeruk memperpanjang GET tikus, serta peningkatan baik umur dan dosis pemberian sari jeruk meningkatkan motilitas usus., Multiprocess digestion is a factor that needs to be considered to achieve successful treatment. Age and dose factors are thought to influence the performance and absorption of oral formations. This study aims to determine the comparison of gastric emptying time (GET) and intestinal motility responses of pediatric and adult rats given orange juice as a model of acid medication. Rats were given orange juice according to the dose of the treatment group via the oral route. The rats underwent anesthesia and the abdominal cavity was dissected. The gastric organs were observed and the GET was recorded. After obtaining of GET, intestinal motility was observed using the gastrointestinal transit method. The results were analyzed using two-way ANOVA. Physiologically, the average of GET for pediatric and adult rats is 59,00 and 54,67 minutes. Meanwhile, administration of orange juice at the highest dose (20 g/kg BW) significantly prolonged of GET. The acidity, consistency and carbohydrate of orange juice affect of GET. Increasing the dose and age of the rats also significantly increased the marker ratio and peristaltic speed. This condition shows that increasing the dose of orange juice prolongs the GET of rats, and increasing both age and dose increases intestinal motility.
Keyword: pediatri, tikus, gastric emptying time, sari jeruk, motilitas usus

Judul: Effectiveness of Infusion of Guava Leaves (Psidium guajava L.) as Antidiarrhea in Pediatric Rats (Rattus novergicus)
Abstrak: Diare merupakan salah satu gangguan pencernaan yang umum terjadi pada anak-anak dan menyumbang angka kematian terutama pada balita. Salah satu obat tradisional yang umum digunakan dalam penanganan diare adalah daun jambu biji. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan dosis yang efektif dari ekstrak daun jambu biji (Psidium guajava L.) pada tikus lepas sapih dengan metode transit intestinal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor tikus yang dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kelompok perlakuan negatif (akuades), kontrol positif (atropin 2,5 mg/kg BB), dan empat perlakuan infusa daun jambu biji dengan dosis bertingkat (100, 200, 400, dan 800 mg/kg BB). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan efek antidiare terbaik di antara pemberian infusa daun jambu biji adalah pemberian dengan dosis 200 mg/kg BB. Namun, hasil ini tidak berbeda secara nyata dengan pemberian infusa daun jambu biji yang lain dan kontrol negatif. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa belum ada dosis efektif dari ekstrak daun jambu biji dengan dosis yang diberikan yang memberikan efek antidiare pada tikus pediatri., Diarrhea is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorders in children and contributes to the mortality rate, especially in toddlers. One of the traditional medicines used for diarrhoea treatment is guava leaf. This study aims to determine the effective dose of guava leaf extract (Psidium guajava L.) in weaned rats by intestinal transit method. This study used 30 rats divided into six groups, namely the negative control (distilled water), positive control (atropine 2,5 mg/kg BW), and four guava leaf infusa treatments extract with graded doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 mg/kg BW). The result showed that the best antidiarrheal activity among guava leaf infusa was the 200 mg/kg BW dose. However, this result was not significantly different from the other doses of guava leave extract and negative control. This study concludes that there is no effective dose of guava leaf extract at the given dose that provides antidiarrheal effects in pediatric rats
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, jambu biji, tikus pediatri

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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