Judul: Kajian mekanisme antibakteri ekstrak andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC) terhadap bakteri patogen pangan
Abstrak: Herbs and spices have long been used as flavors varieties of traditional foods. Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC)is a fruit herbs, belong to the Rutaceae family, which is often added in foods, to improve its flavor and shelf-life. Some researches had been conducted and reveable the antibacterial activity of andaliman is also known as traditional medicine. Such as it is, this research is being dedicated to which has antibacterial activity. It is expected that andaliman will only functioned as flavorant but also as food preservatives.
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Judul: Aktivitas antioksidan dan immunostimulan ekstrak Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.)
Abstrak: Salah satu potensi kekayaan alam Indonesia yang perlu dikembangkan adalah golongan rempah-rempah, terutama yang masih tergolong tanaman liar. Dalam masyarakat Batak (Mandailing dan Angkola) dikenal rempah yang tergolong tanaman liar yakni andaliman (Mandailing) atau sinyar-nyar (Angkola) (Znnthoxylum aca?zihopodium DC.). Andaliman ini memiliki sifat khas yaitu efek menggetarkan dan meningkatkan sekresi air liur, umumnya digunakan sebagai bumbu dalam sejenis makanan tradisional Batak yang terkenal dengan nama "naniura" yaitu sejenis makanan berbahan baku ikan yang diolah dengan pengasaman 24 jam. Andaliman juga banyak digunakan masyarakat Himalaya, Tibet dan sekitarnya sebagai bahan aromatik, perangsang nafsu makan dan obat sakit perut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak buah andaliman (Za~iihoxylz~m aca~lihopodiurn DC.) secara kimia (dengan metode tiosianat), dan mengetahui aktivitas immunostimulan pada sel limfosit manusia serta makrofag mencit. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode tiosianat dilakukan pada ekstrak soxhlet dan maserasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ekstrak soxhlet lebih baik daripada ekstrak maserasi. Aktivitas antioksidan andaliman hasil ekstraksi secara soxhlet lebih tinggi dari a-tokoferol namun masih sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan BHT, dengan faktor protektif a-tokoferol, andaliman, BHT berturut-turut : 3.99, 4.34 dan 4.73.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm