Judul: Safety in consuming goat sate viewed from heating aspect and total amount of microbes contamination from sate shops in east jakarta
Abstrak: Sate,which is one of Indonesian traditional foods, is a kind of small meat slices which are sticked into sharpened bamboo splinters, grilled and then served with peanut flavour or soya sauce. Meat used to make goat sate is not only derived from goat meat but also from sheep meat. The objectives of this research were to know the safety in consuming sate viewed from the heating aspect of the broilling result between half cooked sate and cooked sate, and also to know the level of microbes contamination aspect in raw sate meat, half cooked sate and cooked sate. Parameters measured were the internal temperature in heating process of half cooked sate and the cooked sate and the level of microbes contamination which was viewed from the total plate count (TPC), Coliform, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella in raw sate meat, half cooked sate and cooked sate. The obtained result showed that the average temperature in heating half cooked sate was 61.68 0C by the average time of 2 (two) minutes and 43 seconds, while the average temperature in heating cooked sate was 77.31 0C by the average times of 5 (five) minutes. The half cooked sate was not safe if viewed from toxoplasmosis aspect. Percentage of TPC, Coliform, E. coli in raw sate was above SNI 01-6366-2000, each as follow : 100%, 93.3%, 3.3%. Besides this fact, the finding of Salmonella in raw sate meat as the raw material of sate was not safe to be broilled. The average amount of microbes contamination of the half cooked sate if compared with infectious dose was not safe for consuming while the cooked sate was safe. The impact of heating sate to decrease the total amount microbe in Coliform was significant (p< 0.05), whereas the impact of heating sate for other microbes were no t significant.
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Judul: Tingkat cemaran mikroorganisme pada daging ayam dan daging sapi dari pasar tradisional di provinsi Jawa Barat berdasarkan jumlah total mikroorganisme, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Escherichia coli
Abstrak: This study was aimed to determine the level of microorganisms contamination in chicken and beef meat from traditional markets in West Java. A total of 36 samples of chicken meat and 24 samples of beef meat were taken purposively from traditional markets in West Java. The average of Total Plate Count (TPC), Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli in chicken meat were 4.5 x 106cfu/g, 5.3 x 105 cfu/g, and 2.3 x 101 MPN/g. The average of TPC, S. aureus, and E. coli in beef meat were 3.9 x 106 cfu/g, 1.5 x 106 cfu/g, and 2.6 x 101 MPN/g. Comparing to the Indonesian Standard National (SNI) minimal requirement, the result showed that TPC in chicken meat was 47.22%, for S. aureus and E. coli were 97.22% and 69.44% above SNI 3924:2009, in other hands TPC, S. aureus, and E. coli in beef meat were 58.3%, 100%, and 66.67%, above SNI 3932:2008.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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