Judul: Diversity of the Butterflies in Three Different Altitudes Resort Situgunung, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
Abstrak: Ketinggian suatu tempat menjadi salah satu faktor menurunnya keanekaragaman kupu-kupu karena memiliki tipe habitat yang berbeda. Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango merupakan tempat yang memiliki ketinggian beragam salah satunya Resort Situgunung. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengkaji keanekaragaman, kekayaan dan kemerataan jenis kupu-kupu pada tiga ketinggian. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Oktober 2019 di ketinggian 750, 850 dan 950 mdpl. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode transek kemudian dianalisis untuk menghitung jumlah jenis kupu-kupu, kekayaan jenis dan karakteristik habitat biotik abiotik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 51 jenis kupu-kupu di Resort Situgunung Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango. Keanekaragaman kupu-kupu tertinggi ditemukan pada ketinggian 750 mdpl (3,22) dan terendah pada ketinggian 950 mdpl (2,46). Kekayaan spesies tertinggi ditemukan pada ketinggian 750 mdpl (7,91) dan terendah pada ketinggian 950 mdpl (3,98). Indeks kemerataan tertinggi terdapat pada lokasi ketinggian 750 mdpl. Kesamaan komunitas kupu-kupu tertinggi terdapat pada ketinggian 750 dan 850 m dpl. Hubungan antara ketinggian dengan keanekaragaman adalah seiring bertambahnya ketinggian maka semakin rendah keanekaragaman kupu-kupunya., The height of a place is a factor in decreasing butterfly diversity because it has a different habitat type. Mount Gede Pangrango National Park is a place that has various heights, one of which is the Situgunung Resort. This study aims to assess the diversity, richness, and evenness of butterfly species at three heights. The research was conducted in October 2019 at an altitude of 750, 850, and 950 masl. The method used is the transect method, then counting to count the number of butterfly species, species richness, and abiotic, biotic habitat. The results showed 51 species of butterflies in the Situgunung Resort Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. The highest butterfly diversity was found at an altitude of 750 masl (3,22) and the lowest at an altitude of 950 masl (2,46). The highest wealth is found at an altitude of 750 masl (7,91) and the lowest at an altitude of 950 masl (3,98). The evenness index is at an altitude of 750 masl. The similarity of the butterfly community is at an altitude of 750 and 850 m above sea level. The relationship between diversity and diversity is that the higher the height, the lower the butterflies' diversity.
Keyword: Altitude, butterfly, habitat, variety

Judul: Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-kupu pada Beberapa Tipe Habitat di Pondok Ambung Taman Nasional Tanjung Puting Kalimantan Tengah
Abstrak: Tanjung Puting National Park, has megabiodiversity which still unexplorated all of them. Butterflies as part of biodiversity which still unexplorated, has important role as pollinator and with it’s wonderful colored wings has high value economically. Purposes of this study are to identified species diversity of butterflies in several habitat types and to analyze species richness, species diversity, evenness, and similarity of butterflies in every habitat types and to analyze correlation between habitat characteristics and species diversity of butterflies includes species richness, species diversity, and evenness of butterflies. This study conducted for two months from July to August 2009 in Pondok Ambung, Tanjung Puting National Park, Central Kalimantan, which located in eight different types of habitats included lowland forest, swamp forest, peat swamp forest, kerangas (dry-land habitat), grassland, burned forest, Camp Ambung, and nursery camp. The method used is by transect method in length 500 m, one transect for every habitat types, by method of sweeping and trapping used rambutans and watermelon as trap bait. Data collected were butterflies species, individuals per species, habitat characteristics included structure, composition, types of vegetation and physics and biotic component of habitat. Data analysis included species richness, species diversity, evenness, similarity coefficient, vegetation analysis, and correlation analysis between habitat characteristics and butterflies diversity. During the study, a total of 76 butterflies species were recorded included family of Papilionidae (11 species), Pieridae (6 species), Nymphalidae (43 species), Lycaenidae (14 species), and Hesperiidae (2 species). Species number for every type of habitat founded lowland forest 33 species, swamp forest 24 species, peat swamp forest 13 species, kerangas (dry-land habitat) 20 species, grassland 11 species, burned forest 27 species, Camp Ambung 37 species, and nursery camp 32 species. The highest for species richness is Camp Ambung and the lowest is grassland area. For species diversity the highest is lowland forest and the lowest is grassland. Types of habitat with low scale for evenness are grassland and burned forest. Types of habitat with highest scale for similarity are between Camp Ambung and nursery camp and the lowest are between peat swamp forest and grassland. There is founded a relation between habitat condition and butterflies diversity which depend on temperature and relative humidity, open area, water source, and vegetation as food plant, shelter, and cover for butterflies.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4