Judul: Sustainable dry land agricultural management
Abstrak: The aims of this research are to analysize the biophysics and socio-economic technique management to encourage the creation of tie sustainable agricultural system. Beside that, the usage of this study could show the alternative’s way of biophysics (conservation) and socio-economic management, so it can create the sustainable agricultural system. This research was done in Southeast Sulawesi, Talumbinga village, Landono Kendari district. Generally most of agriculture’s form in this area is dry land agricultural or known as arable farming and there still done shifting cultivation. The approach of this research was done two ways, thre are the approach to the ecology or biophysics and the approach to the socio-economic. The results indicated that biophysically the local farm-hand of shifting cultivation has made the increase of land erotion, which could reach 130,9 ton per year or 10,91 mm. whereas the conservation technique biophysically and socio-economic are by the multiple cropping farm's pattern between beans and corn (maise). This pattern could decrease the accelerate of erotion until 75% or become round 23 ton per hectare per year or 1.97 mm per year. To research the prosperity grade of farmers based on UMR standard, so the pattern of multiple cropping between beans and corn (maise) have to be applied in mixed farm enterprises, that is the farmer have to take care of livestock, such as cows, and fruits plant like rambutan and durian. To achieve the income over the UMR standard, so farmer need to be undersurveilance for 3-5 years intensively. This is now the reason why farmer should move from dry- land farming to the new pattern mentioned above. The erosion level analysis is used to know growing pattern that gives erosion level under ETOL, while financial analysis which uses net present value, net B/C and IRR, is also used to know business feasibility of each growing pattern. The results of the research imply that the rate of erosion occur in advance of growing season for all growing pattern, but two to three weeks after growing, each pattern give different response. In many cases, growing pattern proceeded by intercropping of paddy and corn resulting in higher erosion rate in comparison with pattern which is proceeded by intercropping of cont and legumes. The total erosion occurred on pattern with intercropping of paddy and corn range between 88.521 ton to 130.926 ton/year, or between 6,88 mm/year to 10,91 mm/year. All is over tolerated erosion namely 5,2 mm/year.
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Judul: Optimasi Pola Tanam pada Lahan Pertanian dengan Mempertimbangkan Potensi Erosi, Land Rent, dan Kecukupan Beras di Wilayah Subang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Increasing population causes escalation in demand of land for food production, settlements, and public facilities. Meanwhile, land availability is fixed and limited which encourage utilizing marginal or unsuitable land. Land utilization for food production which not comply its capability would have negative effect both physically and economically. To avoid those effects, optimal cropping pattern should be determine to support sustainable agricultural development. This research aims to determine optimal land for food production areas by considering the potential erosion, land rent, and rice sufficiency. Linear goals programming is employed to devise the optimal choice of land use pattern. The study area includes four sub-districts in Subang, West Java namely Cipeundeuy, Kalijati, Pabuaran, and Patokbeusi. Optimum cultivation pattern on the agricultural land was organized to achieve three targets including (1) to minimized erosion for land preservation, (2) to provide the highest economic benefits for farmers, and (3) to meet rice sufficiency of study area. This study designed twelve scenarios with different targets combination. It is showed that scenario VI and XII is the best combination comply the expected targets. Both scenarios produce optimal cropping patterns with the lowest erosion values of 85.528,10 tons/year, generate the highest economic benefit for farmers at Rp 525.890.970.000,- and yield 46.598 tons rice for scenario VI and 181.730 tons rice for scenario XII. Decision tree analysis shows that the economic benefits strongly affected spatial distribution pattern of optimum land utilization.
Keyword: rice sufficiency, linear goals programming, land rent, erosion

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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