Judul: Training Needs Analysis of Limousin Cattle Farmers in Astomulyo Village, Central Lampung Regency
Abstrak: Permasalahan sumber daya manusia pada subsektor peternakan berimplikasi negatif pada kompetitifnya peternakan lokal dan solusi untuk memperbaiki kualitas SDM dengan diadakannya pelatihan oleh Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan pelatihan pada 43 peternak dipilih secara sensus berlokasi di Kelompok Ternak Limousin, Desa Astomulyo, Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Penelitian telah dilakukan selama periode pertama yaitu pada tanggal 23 September 2022 sampai 15 Oktober 2022 dan periode kedua pada 1-31 Juli 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ranked discrepancy models (RDM) dan importance performance analysis (IPA). Dalam analisis RDM, lima kompetensi yang perlu ditingkatkan adalah pencatatan keuangan, manajemen pemeliharaan, pengendalian penyakit, seleksi bakalan, dan branding kelompok. Hasil uji statistik menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik peternak tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap prioritas pelatihan. Untuk analisis IPA, ada tujuh kompetensi menduduki kuadran utama yaitu kemitraan, branding kelompok, manajemen pemeliharaan, seleksi bakalan, pembuatan konsentrat, pencatatan ternak, dan pencatatan keuangan. Temuan ini memberikan pemahaman yang penting tentang kompetensi yang harus ditingkatkan dan pengembangan program pelatihan oleh SPR yang lebih efektif dan efisien pada pengembangan SDM sehingga berdampak pada peningkatan kinerja dan daya saing peternak lokal., The problem of human resources in livestock subsector had negative impact on competitiveness of local farmer, and the solution to enhance HR quality through providing training by People’s Animal Husbandry School (SPR). This research aimed to analyze the training needs of 43 farmers selected by census in Limousin Livestock, Astomulyo, Central Lampung Regency. The research was conducted for the first period in Septermber 23rd 2023 until October 15th 2023 and the second period in July 1st-31st 2023. The research used ranked discrepancy models (RDM) and importance performance analysis (IPA). In RDM analysis, the top five competencies that needed improvement in financial record, breeding management, disease control, breeding selection, and group branding. The statistical test results indicated that the farmer’s characteristics did not significantly influence training needs. For the IPA analysis, seven competencies occupied in first quadrant for concentration in partnership, group branding, maintenance management, breeding selection, concentrate production, livestock record, and financial record. These findings provided valuable insight into the competencies that needed to improve and to develop of training programs by SPR that effectively developed human resources, ultimately impacting the improvement of performance and competitiveness among local farmers.
Keyword: cattle farmer, human resource, needs analysis, people husbandry animal school, training

Judul: Evaluation of Good Farming Practice in Beef Cattle Breeding and Breedfat in Astomulyo Village, Central Lampung
Abstrak: Kelompok peternakan pembiakan dan penggemukan sapi yang memiliki kepemilikan ≥100 ekor diperlukan pengelolaan yang profesional berdasarkan pedoman good farming practice guna mencapai produktivitas yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk untuk mengevaluasi kesesuaian pemeliharaan peternakan sapi breeding serta breedfat dengan standar good farming practice pada usaha peternakan rakyat desa Astomulyo, Kecamatan Punggur, Lampung Tengah. Kuesioner disusun berdasarkan Permentan 46/2015 meliputi aspek pembibitan dan reproduksi, pakan, pengelolaan, kandang dan peralatan, serta kesejahteraan ternak. Penilaian secara kualitatif dilakukan melalui metode observasi dan wawancara kepada 50 peternak di desa Astomulyo menggunakan rubrik penilaian berdasarkan aspek GFP dan dianalisis deskriptif menggunakan metode rating scale. Penerapan GFP di kedua jenis usaha (breeding dan breedfat) mendapatkan kategori kurang (>55%-75%), dengan skor performa terendah pada aspek pengelolaan (0,33/0,8) serta pembibitan dan reproduksi (0,35-0,42/0,8). Nilai performa GFP pada peternakan gabungan/breedfat lebih baik dari peternakan breeding, dengan persentase skor performa GFP berturut-turut 59,20% dan 58,07%., Commercial beef cattle farms over 100 heads, require professional management following good farming practices to achieve optimum productivity. Require professional management based on good farming practice guidelines to achieve optimal productivity. This study aims to assess whether the Good Farming Practice standard is suitable for smallholder farming businesses in Astomulyo Village, Punggur District, Central Lampung Regency. The study used a questionnaire based on Minister of Agriculture Number 46 of 2015 to evaluate aspects of breeding and reproduction, feed, management, cages and equipment, and animal welfare. The assessment was carried out through observation and interviews with 50 farmers and analyzed descriptively. The application of Good Farming Practices in both types of business (breeding and breedfat) was poor category (> 55%-75%), with the lowest performance score in the aspect of management (0.33/0.8), breeding and reproduction (0.35-0.42/0.8). However, the performance scores on combined/breedfat (breeding and fattening) farms (59.20%) were better than on breeding farms (58.07%).
Keyword: Breeding, Fattening, Good Farming Practice

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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