Judul: Asal usul Sapi Madura Berdasarkan Penanda DNA Mitokondria
Abstrak: Madura cattle was one of native cattle from Indonesia. The origin of madura cattle had not known clearly. Many reports said that madura cattle came from the crosses of Bos javanicus (banteng), Bos taurus and Bos indicus. To understand the maternal inheritance in madura cattle, we analyzed the nucleotide sequence of Cyt b gen, tRNA Thr and Pro, also Dloop region from mitochondrial genom. The reconstruction of phylogenetic tree using Neighbour Joining Method based on Kimura 2 Parameter showed that madura cattle grouped into two types, that are B. javanicus type and B. indicus type. This research result supported many authors that there were a mixing of the maternal origin of madura cattle. Further investigation is needed to determine the origin madura cattle based on paternal liniages and mitochondrial diversity. This conservation investigation is needed to improve quality of madura cattle.
Keyword: 

Judul: Keragaman Gen Miostatin (GDF-8) pada Sapi Madura
Abstrak: Madura cattle is one of Indonesian local cows that have an ability to adapt the tropical climate in Madura island and produce good quality meats and skins. Development and differentiation of muscle mass are controlled by myostatin gene or growth differentiation factor-8 (GDF-8). This research aimed to estimate the diversity of myostatin gene (exon 2 and exon 3) in madura cattle and compared it with myostatin gene from other Bos genus. The identification of myostatin gene diversity was performed on 21 DNA samples from madura cattle and nucleotides sequencing was conducted on the amplicon using DNA pooling sample methods. The six variants of the exon 2 were C1G (Leu), C41T (Ala), G239A (Arg), G266A (Arg), A268G (Thr), and A331G (Met), whereas on exon 3 was G75A, G77A, T261C, C273T, A330C (Ile), and T336C (Thr). The variance analysis showed that there were four variants of exon 3 that only found in a madura cattle, one variant has missense characteristic, that is G77A (His -- Arg), and the three other variants have nonsense characteristic, that are G75A (Glu), T261C (Ala), and C273T (Cys). The six variants of exon 2 and two variants of exon 3 had a nitrogen base similarity with the other Bos genus, that are C1G (48%), C41T (64%), G239A (88%), G266A (92%), A268G (96%), A331G (92%), A330C (72,7%), and T336C (36,4%). The variants found in madura cattle are different from variants that showed the double muscling phenomena.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pemanasan Sekunder Reaksi Fusi Plasma dengan Menggunakan Radio Frequency
Abstrak: Plasma merupakan bentuk ke-empat dari materi setelah padat, cair dan gas yang terbentuk dari proses ionisasi gas. Plasma dapat digunakan dalam reaksi fusi, yaitu reaksi penggabungan dua inti atom ringan menjadi inti atom yang lebih berat sambil melepaskan energi. Untuk mendapatkan energi dari reaksi fusi, inti yang akan direaksikan harus dipanaskan pada temperatur yang sangat ekstrem tingginya. Salah satu cara agar dapat mencapai kondisi ini adalah memberikan pemanasan tambahan atau pemanasan sekunder kepada plasma dalam reaksi fusi tersebut. Nilai daya serap rata-rata ion Deuterium yang sesuai dengan selang nilai daya dari data ITER adalah daya yang menggunakan frekuensi 50 MHz sampai dengan 60 MHz. Dengan menggunakan frekuensi 60 Hz diperoleh nilai daya rata-rata yang diserap sebesar 1,235.10-12 W.
Keyword: gelombang radio, pemanasan sekunder, plasma, reaksi fusi