Judul: Variasi Warna Pada Cacing Nipah yang Belum Matang Di Muara Kapuas, Kalimantan Barat.
Abstrak: Nypa worm (Namalycastis rhodochorde) previously described to the new species, included in Namalycastis abiuma species group with had an unusual shape and had large body. Color variation in N. rhodochorde was obtained in mature. N. rhodochorde had normal color when life was bright pink, while mature were turned red (females) and green (males). But until now there was no report color variation in immature N. rhodochorde. This study had examined color variations of nypa worms in Kapuas Estuary, West Kalimantan. Photogrammetry is one of the methods used to study the variations in color. This method could be measure color through photos. Samples were photographed on spiral labyrinth glass to limit the movement of the worm and Strobist Macro Photo Studio for light stabilization. Digital images of nypa worm was recorded in RAW format then converted to 8-bit TIFF. Determination of the measured area is by selecting the whole dorsal body seen in TIFF files as ROI. Therefore the values of RGB colour spaces was converted to the corresponding values of CIE Lab colour space. Beside digital photogrammetry, color was described by the eye of author. Histological analysis was performed observed the anatomical difference between the color groups. This was due to morphological and anatomical changes occurring during maturation N. rhodochorde. Epidermal cells was observed due to contains of secretory cells that function as mucus secretion. Mucus plays an important role in the life of polychaeta. Epidermal preparation of nypa worm was done using paraffin method. Based on the analysis using photogrammetry, there is no significant difference between males and females colors. By eye, obtained color variations in immature worms categorized as bright pink, dark pink and brown. Most of the worms were bright pink and the least is brown. Bright pink worm was immature whereas dark pink worm was submature. These suggest that color variation related to gametogenesis. From histology of epidermis we obtained three forms of secretory cell within each group. Dark pink had more closed cell, it was suspected that cell more active so that more of mucus in cell. This was coused the nypa worm prepared to maturity. Different with brown worms that was immature had larger cells, it was suspected to be an adaptation to the environment. In this study was not found mature samples. It was suspected when sampling was not a of spawning time. Polychaeta spawning time is strongly influenced by the physical and biological environment conditions.
Keyword: color variation, estuary, immature, Namalycastis rhodochorde, nypa

Judul: Morphogenesis and Biometric Characteristics  of Early Life Development of Nomorhamphus sp. Endemic to Lindu, Central  Sulawesi
Abstrak: Nomorhamphus sp. is endemic ornamental fish from Lindu, Sulawesi Tengah. Nomorhamphus sp. is viviparous fish and it has unique body shape and color. Several of Nomorhamphus species have been sold as ornamental fish commodities. But, production of Nomorhamphus still relies from wild catches. Overfishing will threat Nomorhamphus sp. sustainability. Other threats are anthropogenic, agricultural waste and invasive fish in Lindu. Aquaculture can be potential solution for sustainable Nomorhamphus sp. production. Aquaculture begins from domestication. Domestication is an adaptation of fish from nature to a controlled environment. This process requires basic biology information of fish life. Biological information of Nomorhamphus sp. used to determine step of aquaculture management, conservation, and development. Critical point of fish life is larval stage. Information of larval stage can obtain from morphogenesis and biometric information on early life of Nomorhamphus sp. This study aimed to study of morphogenesis and biometric on early life stage as basic information of Nomorhamphus sp. culture. This study contained morphometric and meristic characters, mouth width, morphogenesis and feeding behavior. Morphometric was measured using caliper and analyzed based on standard length ratio. Meristic was measured using microscope to count fins rays. Mouth width was identified for feed size. Mouth width was measured based on 90° angle form of upper jaw. Morphogenesis was observed by development and growth of fish body on larval and juvenile stages. Feeding behavior was observed based on body shape and lower jaw length. Result showed that new born Nomorhamphus sp. larva had 13,57 – 14,42 mm standard length, 15-days-old had 16,53 – 17,55 mm standard length, 25-days-old had 16,87 - 18,38 mm standard length and 30-days-old had 20,4 – 23,32 mm standard length. Morphometric characters ratio showed growth of body length and fin length. morphometric characters ratio showed a transition between larvae and juveniles on day 15 and day 25. Larvae had proportional body shape on 30-days-old. Juvenile body was growth in between pectoral fin and anal fin. Fin rays meristic characters showed no difference between larva and juvenile stage. Fin rays meristic were 14-15 anal fin rays (A.14-15), 11 dorsal fin rays (D.11), 13 pectoral fin rays (P.13), dan 6 ventral fin rays (V.6). New born Nomorhamphus sp had cream body color, yellow jaw, and transparent silver color on their belly. Swim bladder was developed after birth. Nasal barbel were found on their head. Larvae had cream color, silver belly and orange pattern ventral and caudal fins on 15-days-old. Then, yellow jaw was faded. 25-days-old had cream and silver color body. Their body morphology was like adult-age. Juvenile stage has started 25-days-old. Male’s Andropodium was developed as secondary sexual dimorphism on 25-days-old. Sexual dichromatism was identified by brighter orange strip kaudal fin in males. 30-days-old had similar character with 25-days-old. Newborn larvae are motionless at bottom of water and try to swim to the surface because their swim bladder was not filled yet. Newborn can moved after their swim bladder were filled. Nomorhamphus sp. can find their feed in water column and bottom.
Keyword: Domestication, Early life development, Morphology, Nomorhamphus  sp.

Judul: Pemanasan Sekunder Reaksi Fusi Plasma dengan Menggunakan Radio Frequency
Abstrak: Plasma merupakan bentuk ke-empat dari materi setelah padat, cair dan gas yang terbentuk dari proses ionisasi gas. Plasma dapat digunakan dalam reaksi fusi, yaitu reaksi penggabungan dua inti atom ringan menjadi inti atom yang lebih berat sambil melepaskan energi. Untuk mendapatkan energi dari reaksi fusi, inti yang akan direaksikan harus dipanaskan pada temperatur yang sangat ekstrem tingginya. Salah satu cara agar dapat mencapai kondisi ini adalah memberikan pemanasan tambahan atau pemanasan sekunder kepada plasma dalam reaksi fusi tersebut. Nilai daya serap rata-rata ion Deuterium yang sesuai dengan selang nilai daya dari data ITER adalah daya yang menggunakan frekuensi 50 MHz sampai dengan 60 MHz. Dengan menggunakan frekuensi 60 Hz diperoleh nilai daya rata-rata yang diserap sebesar 1,235.10-12 W.
Keyword: gelombang radio, pemanasan sekunder, plasma, reaksi fusi