Judul: Aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak kasar flavonoid daun gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb)
Abstrak: Infection of diseases could be caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Eschericia coli that can be prevented by antibiotics. The use of antibiotic in high concentration causes some strains of S.aureus and E.coli become resistant. This situation will encourage the exploration of new antibacterial sources that are available in large quantities and lower resistance effect. The solution is to utilize the antibacterial potency of the leaves of gambir. The objective of this study is to examine the antibacterial activity of crude extract of flavonoids in gambir leaves. Extraction of flavonoids have been done by maceration storey method and obtained aquous extract, chloroform extract and hexane extract. The potential of those extracts have been examined to inhibit the growth of E. coli dan S. aureus by agar diffusion method. The results showed that aquous extract had antibacterial activity. Based on the phytochemical analysis, the aquous extract contained flavonoid. Bacteriostatic was determined by agar diffusion method, meanwhile the bactericidal was determined by measurement of the optical density of minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) at wavelength of 600 nm. The crude extract of flavonoids in gambir leaves are bacteriostatic against Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations of 1%, 3%, 5% and 7%. Inhibition against Eschericia coli and Staphylococcus aureus occurred at concentration of 1% and classified as weak, while the concentration of 3%, 5% and 7% was classified as strong. The crude extract flavonoid have bactericidal activity at concentration 9%.
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Judul: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Daun Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (L) Nielsen) terhadap Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli
Abstrak: Disease by infection is most suffered by people and developed from time to time in medicines. The last research showed that Falcataria moluccana leafs had fitochemical compounds and potential as antibactery. The research aimed to study the antibacterial compounds activity of Falcataria moluccana leafs extract at S. aureus and E. coli with gel diffusion (well method). The leafs used in this research were leaf extract from extraction of aquades, ethanol 70%, ethanol 96%, and ethyl acetate. The concentrations were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/mL for each solvents. The result showed that aquades extract could not inhibit the growth of bacteria, while ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts showed antibacterial activity. The largest antibacterial activity showed by ethyl acetate extract at concentration 300 mg/mL with inhibiton areas 6.90 and 4.97 mm for S. aureus and E. coli. This values included in medium category. The result of Analysis of Variance with SPSS 16. program for windows showed that variance of solvents and concentration were significantly difference for inhibition areas.
Keyword: Falcataria moluccana (L) Nielsen, S. aureus, E. coli, antibactery

Judul: Peramalan enso dan pemodelan hubungan enso dengan curah hujan monsoon
Abstrak: Curah hujan merupakan salah satu paramclcr iklim yang sangal bcrpcngaruh dalam bidang pcrlmlim1. Scdangkan ENSO atau El-Nino SouLl1rc11 Oscillation mcrupakan salah satu faktor global yang dapat mcmpengaruhi kcjadian dan pola curah hujan di Indonesia, khususnya wilayah dcngan tipc curah hujan monsoon. Peramalan pola dan nilai ENSO di masa yang akan datang pcrlu untuk dikctahui, schingga variabilitas kejadim1 curah hujan dapat ditindaklanjuti. Dalam pcnclitim1 ini dipclajari pcngaruh ENSO tcrhadap dacrah ·yang mcmiliki tipc cu rah hujan monsoon dcngan dua ta ha pan analisis. (I) Pcramalan ENSO dan (2) Pcmodclan ENSO dcngan Curah Hujan Monsoon. Pcrmnalan ENSO dcngan mcnggunakan mctodc Gcostatistika dcngan pcndckatan intcrpolasi dan ckstrapolasi analisis kcccndcrugan pcrmukaan, mcnghasilkan nilai pcramalan yang cukup baik bila dibandingkan dcngan pcndckatan mctodc Winters dcngan nilai R2 antara 14.57%1, 79.81%, dan ragam pcrmnalan 1.772146 - 5.295013. Karaktcristik model yang dihasilkan mcnunjukkan pola nilai tckanan dan suhu yang ccndcrung mcningkat dari tahun kc tahun bcrikutnya, kccuali tckanan Tahiti yang ccndcrung turun. Hubungan ENSO dcngm1 cuntl1 hujan monsoon untuk kc-crnun stasiun cukup baik bila didckati dengan rcgresi metode !mad.rat terkccil (OLS dan WLS) dibandingkan regrcsi komponcn utama (Principal Component Regression) . Model yang dihasilkan mcmiliki kcmampuan dcm validasi yang cukup b::iik. Nilai-nilai ramalan kc-cnam model yang ada mampu mcngikuli pola dala aktual untuk tmum I 998. Schingga model ini dapat digm1akan scbagai aJtcrnatif lain dalam pcramaJan curah hujan w1tuk kc-cnam stasiun di masa yang berikut..nya.
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