Judul: Label Pendeteksi Escherichia Coli Dari Indikator Warna Methyl Red
Abstrak: Kemasan cerdas adalah kemasan yang didisain sebagai pemberi informasi mengenai kualitas dari sifat makanan selama di dalam kemasan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membuat label yang dapat mendeteksi bakteri Escherichia coli. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan dengan mencari formulasi terbaik yang dapat menghasilkan label cerdas dalam waktu singkat dengan perubahan warna sebagai indikator adanya E.coli. Hasil yang terbaik didapatkan adalah 0.005% methyl red dan penambahan susu, label ini dapat mendeteksi E.coli pada waktu 12 jam dengan perubahan warna dari kuning menjadi merah. Respon label terhadap suhu penyimpanan menunjukkan bahwa E.coli dapat tumbuh pada suhu 25±2ᵒC dan tidak tumbuh pada suhu 2±2ᵒC selama 144 jam. Adapun jumlah koloni E.coli semakin meningkat seiring dengan lama penyimpanan pada suhu ruang, yakni dari 0 cfu/g pada jam ke-0 menjadi 106 cfu/g pada jam ke 24. Respon perubahan warna label yakni nilai L, a dan b dan ᵒhue dipengaruhi oleh jumlah koloni E.coli. Nilai ᵒhue pada jam ke-0 hingga jam ke-12 menunjukkan kategori warna kromatis kuning-merah, pada jam selanjutnya hingga jam ke-24 indikator menunjukkan kategori warna kromatis merah. Penelitian utama menunjukkan bahwa daging yang disimpan selama 12 jam pada suhu ruang sudah mengalami penurunan kualitas. Label methyl red dapat digunakan sebagai pendeteksi E.coli dengan berubah warna label dari kuning kemerahan menjadi merah.
Keyword: E.coli, smart labels, and methyl red

Judul: Pembuatan Label Cerdas Pendeteksi Escherichia coli
Abstrak: Intelligent packaging is the packaging that can monitor and provide the information about quality of the packed product. This study was aimed to produce a label with indicator Eosin Methylene Blue (EMB) to detect E.coli growth. Preliminary studies was carried out to obtain the main material for label which sensitive to E.coli. Type of material composed to (i) chitosan, (ii) chitosan + EMB; (iii) agar powder, (iv) agar powder + EMB; (v) agar powder + EMB + tapioca. Agar powder and EMB produced a label that more sensitive to E.coli growth compare to other materials. Selected materials consisted of agar powder, EMB and tapioca. The best formula consisted of 2% agar powder, 0,5% tapioca, 0.5% EMB and 1% glycerol. Concentration of EMB affected to number of colony and mold growth. The growth of E.coli in formula 2 had the highest number, in contrast, formula 1 had the lowest number in colony. The growth was about 120 cfu/600 cm2 and 50 cfu/600 cm2 respecively. Label responses in storage temperature showed that E.coli could grow at 5°C±3°C and 25±2°C. Application label for meat was carried out in coating method by sticking the label in meat surface and catching method by trapping the growth of E.coli surround the packaged. Labels had dye migration on coating methods. Catching method showed that the label captured vapor from E.coli fermentation on the surface of label. There were significant differences in the number of E.coli colonies trapped in each dilution at α = 5%. At dilution of 10-1, the number of E.coli colonies at the 24 hour and 48 hour of storage had significantly different compared to the number of E.coli colonies at 72 hour to 168 hour. At dilution of 10-2, the number of E.coli colonies at the 24 hour and 72 hour of storage had significantly different compared to the number of E.coli colonies at 96 hour to 168 hour.
Keyword: indicator, smart label, EMB, E.coli

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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