Judul: Study on Site Quality of Industrial Plantation Forest of Eucalyptus urograndis hybrid as Raw Materials for Pulp Industry, in Sustainable Forest Management (Case Study in PT Toba Pulp Lestari, Simalungun, North Sumatera)
Abstrak: Eucalyptus urograndis (E. urophylla x E. grandis) is a hybrid resulting from cross mating between species E. urophylla S.T. Blake and species E. grandis W.Hill ex Maid and constitutes one of the fast growing species being used as pulp industry raw materials in Sector of Aek Nauli, PT Toba Pulp Lestari, North Sumatra. With the progressive decrease in length of cutting rotation, it is feared that there would be negative impacts on site quality which will ultimately influence productivity, if there is no proper management. The objective of this research was studying site quality of industrial plantation forests of E. urograndis hybrid. This research used survey method by collecting field data in first and second rotation (stand ages of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years). Research results showed that up to age of 5 years, stand growth of E. urograndis hybrid at first rotation reached utilizable volume of 159.89 m3/ha, whereas at second rotation the volume acquired 142.49 m3, so there was volume decrease by 10.8 %. Rotation of maximum volume for first rotation occurred at age of 5.4 years with average volume increment of around 31.85 m3/ha/year, and that of second rotation occurred at age of 6 years with average volume increment of 28.80 m3/ha/ year. There was biomass decrease by 6.3 % for stems with diameter ≥ 5 cm between first and second rotation. There was decrease in site quality from first to second rotation as reflected by decrease in nutrient content in soil, up to depth of 40 cm by 24% for N, 16% for K, 6% for Ca and 16% for Mg. Nutrient elements P and Ca in soils had positive correlation with dominant height of E. urograndis hybrid. On the basis of results of leaf analysis, it could be shown that nutrient N was highly deficient, whereas nutrients Ca and Mg were categorized as deficient so they constituted the limiting factors for growth of E. urograndis hybrid which were planted in Inceptisol soils. Dynamics of nutrient balance with cutting rotation of 5 years was predicted to have negative balance, since the end of first rotation, up to rotation 5. At cutting rotation of 6 years, nutrient balance of N, K and Ca were positive, only at the end of rotation 1, whereas nutrient balances of P and Mg were still positive up to rotation 2. At cutting rotation of 7 years, nutrient balances of N, K and Ca had been negative since the end of rotation 1, except the nutrient balances of P and Mg which were still positive at the end of rotation 1. Quality of site with rotation of 5 years decreased more rapidly as compared with those with cutting rotation of 6 and 7 years. Fertilizer application and several silvicultural techniques are required for recovery of sites and nutrient balance. On the basis of maximum volume rotation, it could be suggested that the optimum rotation for hybrid of E. urograndis in Inceptisol soils is 6 years.
Keyword: Forest management, Forestry, North Sumatera

Judul: Variability and Genetic Parameter Analysis in Eucalyptus grandis Population for Growth and Wood Properties at North Sumatera
Abstrak: Indonesia is the 9th largest pulp producer in the world and is able to supply the world's pulp needs of 3 percent of the world's total capacity. The wood of Eucalyptus grandis used as a raw material for charcoal, firewood, pulp products from wood fiber and wood-working. The increment of wood supply is determinant as guarantee this pulp production and it’s supported by the improvement of genetic materials. In tree improvement activities, estimation of genetic parameters for several traits needs to be carried out before selection activities due the phenotype of a plant is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Plant growth and productivity, wood basic density and pulp yield are important traits to know in order to determine the efficiency of using raw materials in producing pulp. For estimating the wood properties, it requires nondestructive testing to keep the plant growing like its original population. Pulp yield character can be estimated by using an NIR (Near Infrared), while the wood basic density traits can be estimated using a resistograph which calculates the amount of resistance when drilling wood from the bark to the bark of the wood. For wood properties evaluation, preciously modelling is necessary. A population of E. grandis at North Sumatera, Indonesia at 1800 m altitude was analysed for growth and wood properties in this work. Pulp yield (PY) traits were assessed using microNIR and wood basic density (BD) traits using resistoraph. Wood basic density modelling using resistograph was carried out with 315 trees consisting of 158, 139, and 18 trees of Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla, and eucalyptus hybrid urograndis. Pulp yield prediction data were analysed with the model developed by PT. Riau Andalan Pulp and Paper Wood Technology Department using microNIR. Wood basic density modelling was analysed with linear regression analysis. Variability and genetic parameter analysis for E. grandis population were carried out with restricted maximum likelihood (REML) and the retraction of genotypes was used best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) analysis with different selection simulations. The result from wood basic density modelling showed that basic density traits had a variability inside the tree, intra-, and interspecific species. There were found the whole tree’s basic wood density of 379.9 kg/m3 , 400.5 kg/m3 , and 440.6 kg/m3 at 44 months old for E. grandis, hybrid urograndis, and E. urophylla, respectively. The model developed had a good correlation for predicting wood basic density at 1.3 m and whole tree basic density with the coefficient of determination (R2 ) were in a range of 0.56 to 0.74 for 1.3 m wood basic density prediction, 0.66 to 0.79 to predict whole tree wood basic density and 0.65 to 0.76 to predict average wood basic density. Combined data from all species shows the best model with R2 0.74 to 0.79. After modelling the assessment for wood basic density using resistograph and pulp yield using the microNIR was carried out. The variability analysis for growth character showed individual heritability for growth character with Height (HT) and diameter breast height (DBH) traits was 043 and 0.36, for wood properties character (BD and PY) were 0.41
Keyword: Eucalyptus, wood properties, variability, genetic gain

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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