Judul: Analisis Masalah dan Strategi Pengelolaan Sumur Tua di Blok Cepu (Studi Kasus Tambang Rakyat Minyak Bumi Di desa Wonocolo, Kabupaten Bojonegoro)
Abstrak: Mine people’s is done on older wells often cause problems due to various factors. Failure to manage these factors will cause problems that harm all parties. Policy is an instrument that is expected to serve as guidelines in the management of old wells and stakeholders who are perpetrators of management activities old well in Cepu be an important component in implementation of the management of old wells. Access theory is used to identify who will actually benefit from something and through a process of what they can do.So that access empirically focused on the issue of "who is using what and who is not, in what ways, and when (what conditions)". Important elements in this concept is a natural resource as something that is disputed and power range that affect people's ability to take advantage of the resources. Research results showed that the legality of activities, pollution and illegal treatment due to lack of law enforcement authorities. On the other hand people who feel they have for the existence of old wells that are entitled tothe benefits of natural resources produced on the basis of his ability in the capital, labor and technology. Empowerment of communities around the area of abandoned and oils old wells are not functioning public institutions which is a requirement of legalization of mining exploitation of petroleum in the oils old well is another issue that is not managed by the local government so that the management is not currently for local government gave the benefits and negative impacts can not be in to control. Policy is an instrument that is expected to serve as guidelines in the management of oils old wells and stakeholders who are perpetrators of management activities in Cepu oils old well be an important component in implementation of the management of oils old wells. These two elements are the focus in this study in order to obtain an alternative formulation of appropriate strategies so that the exploitation of oil from oils old wells are economically beneficial to all parties, socially and culturally and ecologically accountable while maintaining environmental sustainability. In the present study also shows that there are different perceptions between stakeholders with applicable regulations.
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Judul: Analisis Kebijakan Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Air Tanah di Kecamatan Cidahu Kabupaten Sukabumi
Abstrak: Cidahu District is one buffer zones of Mount Salak Forest which has quite large groundwater potential. Groundwater of Cidahu District has become the source for commercial and non comercial uses, such as to fulfill the needs of fresh water for companies and local society. Continuous utilization in large quantity will potentially cause damage to the environment, for example decrease in quantity and quality of groundwater that can be used by the society. Decrease in the quantity of groundwater is indicated have causing the economic losses to society. Therefore, groundwater management policy base on synergy among stakeholders becomes very important in order to regulate the use of groundwater to be equitable and sustainable. The estimation result by using replacement cost approach demonstrates the potential economic losses experienced by the local community of Cidahu District due to the quantity of groundwater, reached Rp. 696.756.900 per year. The result of stakeholders mapping shows that Department of Mines, Energies, and Mineral Resources of Sukabumi Regency held the most important role in managing groundwater utilization in Cidahu District. Based on the results of policy analysis, taxes and licensing policy instruments have not used optimally in order to control groundwater utilization by the companies
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum