Judul: Kajian hispatologis trakhea ayam buras akibat infeksi campuran virus newcastle disease dan cacing Ascaridia galli
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui gambaran histopatologi trakhea ayam buras yang diinfeksi virus Newcastle Disease (ND) terinfeksi Ascaridia galli. 200 ekor ayam buras dikelompokan secara acak menjadi empat kelompok perlakuan yaitu kelompok A (kontrol/tanpa perlakuan), kelompok B (vaksin ND, tanpa infeksi cacing), kelompok C (vaksin ND, infeksi telur cacing dosis 200), kelompok D (vaksin ND, infeksi telur cacing dosis 2000).
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Judul: Gambaran mikroskopik organ limpa ayam buras pada infeksi campuran cacing Ascaridia galli dan virus newcastle disease(ND)
Abstrak: Ayam Buras sebagai salah satu sumber protein hewani masyrakat Indonesia yang banyak dipelihara masyarakat baik dikota maupun pedesaan. Penyakit yang sering menyerang adalah infeksi parasit cacing dan penyakit tetelo atau ND. Respon tubuh terhadap infeksi berbagai penyakit melibatkan organ limfoid. Limpa merupakan salah satu organ yang berfungsi sebagai pusat system pertahanan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji gambaran histopatologi organ limpa akibat infeksi campuran cacing Ascaridia galli dan virus Newcastle Disease pada ayam buras. Sebanyak 100 ekor DOC ayam buras berumur sehari dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok (A, B, C, D). Kelompok A sebagai control tanpa perlakuan, kelompok B divaksinasi ND, kelompok C dan D diinfeksi cacing dosis rendah (200/ekor pada kelompok C) dan dosis tinggi (2000/ekor pada kelompok D) serta divaksinasi ND. Pada akhir perlakuan (hari 32) semua kelompok (A,B,C dan D) ditantang virus ND ganas. Gambaran organ limpa ayam dari masing- masing kelompok diamati terhadap lesio adanya oedema, infiltrasi sel radang, perdarahan dan hiperemi dengan menggunakan sistem skoring 0 sampai 3, selain itu juga dihitung jumlah sel radang seperti makrofag, sel plasma dan sel myelosit, serta dihitung jumlah pulpa putih dan deplesi folikel limfoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa infeksi campuran cacing A. galli dengan virus ND tidak menunjukkan perbedaan lesio yang nyata pada limpa. Infeksi virus ND pada kelompok yang diinfeksi cacing (C dan D) menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah folikel limfoid yang mengalami deplesi. hal ini berarti bahwa pada kelompok tersebut terjadi peningkatan mobilisasi sel radang dari pulpa putih ke organ yang terinfeksi.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm