Judul: Proyeksi cadangan klaim dengan metode Munich chain-ladder
Abstrak: Insurance companies are required to manage the appropriate claim reserves to cover the expenses of the claims that will occur in the future. One of the claim reserves estimation method that frequently used is the chain-ladder method. Because of the simplicity of this method, many insurance companies use the method to estimate the claim reserves in the future. However, the chain-ladder method is not able to reduce the gap between the projection of IBNR (Incurred but Not Reported) paid losses and incurred losses. The Munich chain-ladder is the development of the chain-ladder method introduced by Gerhard Quarg and Thomas Mack. The Munich chain-ladder method can be applied to reduce the gap between the projection of IBNR paid losses and incurred losses. This paper describes how to estimate the claim reserves using the Munich chain-ladder method and to compare the results with using the chain-ladder method. In addition, we provide examples of data, where the Munich chain-ladder method does not produce a good projection.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, outstanding claim., IBNR, chain-ladder, claim reserve

Judul: Comparison of the Chain Ladder Method, the Bornhuetter-Ferguson Method, and the Benktander Method in Predicting Insurance Claim Reserves
Abstrak: Cadangan klaim asuransi merupakan bagian krusial dalam pendugaan biaya klaim, perencanaan bisnis, penganggaran, dan proses penentuan harga produk asuransi. Banyak metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi cadangan klaim ini di antaranya adalah metode chain ladder, metode Bornhuetter-Ferguson, dan metode Benktander. Pada karya ilmiah ini juga ditambahkan faktor loss ratio sehingga terdapat perbedaan pada penghitungan prediksi cadangan klaim pada umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan ketiga metode tersebut dalam memprediksi cadangan klaim serta menunjukkan metode yang paling mendekati metode credible loss ratio yang diduga sebagai nilai optimal. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, metode Benktander mendapatkan nilai yang paling mendekati dengan metode credible loss ratio. Nilai yang mendekati tersebut merupakan perbandingan dari prediksi cadangan klaim, total ultimate claims, dan ratio mean squared error., Reserves for insurance claims are a crucial part of estimating the cost of claims, business planning, budgeting, and the process of determining the price of insurance products. Many methods can be used to predict these claim reserves, including the chain ladder method, the Bornhuetter-Ferguson method, and the Benktander method. This scientific paper also adds a loss ratio factor so that there are differences in the calculation of claim reserve predictions in general. This study compares the three methods in predicting claim reserves and shows the method that is closest to the credible loss ratio method, which is thought to be the optimal value. Based on the calculation results, the Benktander method gets the closest value to credible loss ratio method. The closest value is a comparison of the predicted reserves of claims, total ultimate claims, and mean squared error ratio.
Keyword: Benktander method, Bornhuetter-Ferguson method, chain ladder method, claim reserves, credible loss ratio

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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