Judul: Superabsorben hasil pencangkokan dan penautan-silang fraksi nonpati onggok dengan akrilamida
Abstrak: Carbohydrates of onggok consist mostly of starch and cellulose fractions. Both fractions have high potential for modification to a superabsorbent. Onggok with Ammonium persulfate serves as an initiator, acrylamide serves as a monomer, and N,N-methylenebisacrylamide as a cross-linker. Onggok was activated using 60% H2SO4 at 60 oC for 1 hour and saponified using with 1M NaOH at 90 oC for 2 hours. The best ratio of onggok:water was 1:30, and the optimum temperature was 70 oC for obtaining the highest water absorption capacity. Absorption capacity was of the non-starch fraction, non-starch fraction plus activation, non-starch fraction plus saponification, and non-starch fraction plus activation plus saponification treatments were 25.21, 53.37, 273.3 and 262.07 g/g, respectively. The effect of activation treatment was not significant, while that of saponification increased significantly its absorption capacity. Scanning electron microscopy micrograph of non-starch fraction showed that starch granules were disappeared by HCl hydrolysis treatment. It indicated that the process hydrolysis succeeded. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectrum showed a new peak at wave number of 1600 cm-1 that indicated an amide group, meaning that the grafting cross-linking process was succeeded and at 3300 cm-1 showed a sharp absorption peak that indicated the activation treatment was succeeded as well.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Superabsorben Onggok-g-Asam Akrilat
Abstrak: Onggok is a solid waste from tapioca processing. The aim of this study is to modify onggok into superabsorbent polymer. The modification was conducted through grafting and crosslinking of acrylic acid (AA) on onggok backbone, with N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide (MBA) as crosslinker, and ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The synthesis was conducted at 70 oC for 3 hours and the water absorption capacity of the copolymer products were then measured. A 761.01 g/g value was obtained from copolymer composed of 4.5 g onggok, 25.5 g AA, 24 mg MBA, and 24 mg APS. The occurence of grafting-crosslinking copolymer was confirmed by infrared spectra, which exhibited all characteristic bands of both polysaccharide fractions of onggok and AA units. The absorbency of superabsorbents were measured in solutions having pH ranging from 2 to 11. The maximum value was 630.65 g/g at pH 6.65. The superabsorbent’s absorbency in salt solution was decreased with increasing ionic strength up to 0.342 M concentration of NaCl. The absorbency kinetics of superabsorbents were studied as well and the rate parameter in water was found to be 2.61 minutes for onngok with 60 mesh particle size.
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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