Judul: Desain proses produksi biogas dari jerami padi dan sampah pasar dengan sistem fermentasi media padat
Abstrak: The purpose of this research were to design of fermentation process for converting rice straw and organic waste from traditional market to produce biogas, to know influence of aeration, to obtain the best feed addition in fermentation, and to obtain characteristic of product (digestate and leachate) from fermentation process. Beef cattle manure as substrate was inoculated to anaerobic digestion. Laboratory experiments using 10 l digester were performed in batch mode. The operating temperature was mesophilic condition (35-40oC). Fermentation rice straw with feed addition 75% new feeds and 25% digestate could produce 42.2 l gas/kg VS higher than fermentation rice straw from all new feeds (28.1 l gas/kg VS) and fermentation from 50% new feeds and 50% digestate (15.8 l gas/kg VS). While fermentation waste market from all new feeds could produce 51.8 l gas/kg VS higher than fermentation with feed addition 75% new feeds and 25% digestate (39.7 l gas/kg VS) and fermentation from 50% new feeds and 50% digestate (31.1 l gas/kg VS). The cumulative volume of biogas produced was used to measure the biodigester performance. The research gave the kinetic parameters of biogas production for rice straw i.e. biogas production rate constants (Rmax), maximum biogas production (A), and minimum time to produce biogas (λ) were 1.37-2.07 (l/kg VS.day), 15.82-42.25 (l/kgVS), and 0.4-2.0 days, respectively. While the organic waste from market gave the kinetic parameters U, A, and λ of 1.58-3.55 (l/kgVS.day), 31.09-51.84 (l/kgVS), and 0.2-1.2 days, respectively.
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Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Sludge pada Konversi Jerami Padi Menjadi Biogas
Abstrak: The principal problems which have become the main focus of society are environmental problem and energy scarce. The main cause of the problems is the high consumption of fossil fuels. The purpose of this research is to find out effect of sludge composition on rice straw convertion to biogas. The fermentation were conducted with 1.5 L reactors and fermentation during 30 days. This aims to determine the effect of the use of sludge on the conversion of rice straw into biogas. Activated sludge were use as additional substrate with two composition, 225 g on the composition rice straw:sludge 5:3 and 375 g in composition rice straw:sludge 3:5. The maximum gas production was reached 18.382 L/kg TS in 1st running and 11.602 L/kg TS in 2nd running or 27.67816 L/g VS (1st running) and 18.93871 L/g VS (2nd running) by composition rice straw:sludge 3:5. The highest phosphate levels produced by rice straw:sludge 5:3 was 0.60 %, the carbon highest in rice straw:sludge 3:5 was 38.40 %, and nitrogen in rice straw:sludge 5:3 was 1.80 %.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan