Judul: Differences in Garlic Farming Income in Dry  Season and Rainy Season
Abstrak: Pendapatan usahatani bawang putih sangat tergantung pada musim tanam karena berkaitan dengan jumlah produksi dan biaya yang dikeluarkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan di musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Data yang digunakan adalah data skunder dari Sensus Pertanian 2013: Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Hortikultura Tahun 2014. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis data kualitatif dengan metode deksriptif dan kuantitatif dengan analisis pendapatan dan propensity score matching (PSM). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa biaya terbesar yang dikeluarkan di kedua musim adalah biaya tenaga kerja, pupuk, dan bibit. Disamping itu, rata-rata net farm income dan net farm earning di musim kemarau sebesar Rp28.975.000 dan Rp28.951.000, sedangkan di musim hujan sebesar minus Rp6.800.000 dan Rp7.028.000. Pendapatan dan penerimaan berbeda signifikan antara musim kemarau dan musim hujan, sedangkan struktur biaya tidak berbeda signifikan dikedua musim.
Keyword: bawang putih, pendapatan, propensity score matching, garlic, income, propensity score matching

Judul: Peran Kelompok Tani terhadap Pendapatan Usahatani Bawang Putih di Tiga Sentra Produksi di Indonesia
Abstrak: Dalam upaya mewujudkan swasembada bawang putih, pemerintah telah melakukan upaya berupa pemberian input produksi dan pembentukan kelompok tani. Namun, petani cenderung melakukan usahatani secara individu sehingga program-program yang dibuat belum tersalurkan secara merata dan menyebabkan perbedaan biaya produksi dan pendapatan antara petani anggota dan bukan anggota kelompok tani. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis peran keanggotaan kelompok tani terhadap pendapatan usahatani bawang putih. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder dari Sensus Pertanian 2013 yaitu data Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Hortikultura tahun 2014. Pengolahan data dilakukan secara kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Analisis data kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif dan kuantitatif dengan analisis pendapatan serta Propensity Score Matching. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelompok tani belum mampu berperan positif terhadap pendapatan usahatani bawang putih. Rata-rata pendapatan, penerimaan, produktivitas, serta biaya total per tahun per hektar yang diperoleh petani anggota kelompok tani masih lebih rendah dibandingkan petani yang bukan anggota kelompok tani. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa fungsi kelompok tani belum berjalan sepenuhnya secara optimal., In order to be self-sufficient in garlic production, the government provides programs such as input subsidies and develop farmer groups. However, farmers tend to do farming individually so that assistance in efforts to be self-sufficient has not been distributed evenly, which will lead to differences in production costs and income between farmer members and non-members of farmer groups. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the impact of farmer group membership on garlic farm income. The data used is secondary data from the 2013 Agricultural Census, namely the 2014 Horticultural Plant Household Survey data. Data processing was carried out qualitatively and quantitatively. Qualitative data analysis with descriptive and quantitative methods with income analysis and Propensity Score Matching. The result shows that farmer group has not capable yet to increase garlic farming income. The average of total income, productivity level, as well as total cost per year per hectare obtained by farmers who are members of farmer groups is lesser than farmers who are not members of farmer group. Hence, it indicates that the function of farmer group is not running optimally yet as it should.
Keyword: farmer group, garlic, farm income, propensity score matching

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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