Judul: Marketing Analysis of Milk in Cijeruk Area Bogor Regency and Pondok Rangon East Jakarta
Abstrak: Pengembangan subsektor peternakan khususnya ternak perah sangat potensial, salah satu ternak perah yang potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah sapi perah. Pengembangan suatu usaha dipengaruhi salah satunya oleh efisiensi tata niaga produknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem tata niaga susu sapi di Cijeruk dan Pondok Rangon yang meliputi saluran tata niaga, fungsi tata niaga, dan struktur pasar . Penentuan sampel peternak dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan melibatkan jumlah masing masing 20 peternak sapi perah yang berada di kawasan Cijeruk dan Pondok Rangon. Lembaga-lembaga tata niaga yang terlibat dan berperan dalam saluran pemasaran susu sapi segar yaitu konsumen, loper dan kelompok pengumpulan susu ditentukan berdasarkan informasi dari peternak sampel. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 4 saluran tata niaga di Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera, dan terdapat 3 saluran tata niaga di Kelompok Tani Swadaya Pondok Rangon. Peternak yang ada di Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera dominan memasarkan susu melalui kelompok, sedangkan peternak yang ada di Kelompok Tani Ternak Swadaya Pondok Rangon dominan memasarkan susu melalui loper. Saluran tata niaga paling efesien adalah saluran yang memiliki biaya pemasaran sebesar Rp.0 dengan hasil farmer,’s share 100% yaitu peternak menjual susu segar langsung ke konsumen (jalur tata niaga terpendek)., The development of the livestock sub-sector, especially dairy cattle, is very potential, one of the dairy cattle that has the potential to be developed is dairy cattle. The development of a business is influenced by the efficiency of its product trading system. This study aims to analyze the trading system of cow's milk in Cijeruk and Pondok Rangon which includes the trading system, the function of the trade system, and the market structure. The determination of the farmer sample was carried out by purposive sampling technique involving the number of each of 20 dairy farmers in the Cijeruk and Pondok Rangon areas. The trading institutions that are involved and play a role in the marketing channel of fresh cow's milk, namely consumers, deliverymen and milk collection groups are determined based on information from sample farmers. Based on the results of the study, there are 4 channels of trade in the Independent Prosperous Livestock Group, and there are 3 channels of trade in the Independent Farmer Group of Pondok Rangon. Farmers in the Independent Sejahtera Livestock Group dominantly market milk through groups, while farmers in the Pondok Rangon Self-Help Cattle Farmers Group market milk through deliverymen. The most efficient trading channel is a channel that has a marketing cost of Rp. 0 with a farmer's share of 100%, that is, farmers sell fresh milk directly to consumers (shortest trade route).
Keyword: peternak rakyat, sapi perah, susu segar, tata niaga, commerce, dairy cows, fresh milk, smallholder farmers

Judul: Marketing Analysis of Fresh Milk in Independent Sejahtera Livestock Group Cijeruk Area Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Pengembangan subsektor peternakan khususnya ternak perah sangat potensial, salah satu ternak perah yang potensial untuk dikembangkan adalah sapi perah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sistem tataniaga susu sapi di Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera Cijeruk Bogor yang meliputi saluran tataniaga, fungsi tataniaga, dan struktur pasar . Penentuan sampel peternak dilakukan dengan teknik purposive sampling dengan melibatkan peternak sejumlah 20 peternak sapi perah yang berada di kawasan Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera Cijeruk Bogor. Lembaga-lembaga tataniaga yang terlibat dan berperan dalam saluran pemasaran susu sapi segar yaitu peternak, kelompok pengumpulan susu, perusahaan, loper dan usaha pengolahan susu yang ditentukan berdasarkan hasil dari observasi lapang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 5 saluran tataniaga di Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera. Peternak yang ada di Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera dominan memasarkan susu melalui kelompok. Saluran tataniaga paling efesien adalah saluran yang memiliki biaya pemasaran sebesar Rp.0 dengan hasil farmer,’s share 100% yaitu peternak menjual susu segar langsung ke konsumen (jalur tataniaga terpendek)., The development of livestock subsector especially dairy livestock is very potential, one of the potential dairy livestock to be developed is dairy cows. This study aims to analyze the cattle milk trading system in Mandiri Sejahtera Livestock Group Cijeruk Bogor which includes the trading channel, trading function, and market structure. Determination of farmer samples was carried out using purposive sampling technique involving 20 dairy farmers in the Mandiri Sejahtera Cijeruk Livestock Group area in Bogor. The trading institutions involved and play a role in the fresh cow's milk marketing channel are farmers, milk collection groups, companies, brokers and milk processing businesses which are determined based on the results of field observations. Based on the results of the study there are 5 trade channels in the Mandiri Sejahtera Livestock Group. Farmers in the Mandiri Sejahtera Livestock Group dominantly market milk through the group. The most efficient trade channel is the channel that has a marketing cost of Rp.0 with the result of farmer's share of 100%, namely farmers selling fresh milk directly to consumers (shortest trade channel).
Keyword: Dairy Cows, Fresh Milk, Commerce

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4