Judul: Color Change and Resistance of Pine and Jabon Wood Preserved with Imidacloprid againts Subterranean Termites through Graveyard Test
Abstrak: Kayu pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) dan jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq.) termasuk kelas awet V yang rentan terhadap serangan organisme perusak, sehingga ketahanannya perlu ditingkatkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh bahan pengawet imidakloprid terhadap perubahan warna dan ketahanan kayu pinus dan jabon akibat serangan rayap tanah melalui uji kubur selama satu tahun. Pengawetan kayu menggunakan metode vakum tekan dengan bahan pengawet imidakloprid. Pengujian terdiri dari kerapatan, kadar air, retensi, perubahan warna, kehilangan berat, dan tingkat ketahanan kayu. Pengujian tingkat ketahanan kayu menggunakan standar ASTM D 1758-06 dimodifikasi. Hasil menunjukkan pada semua contoh uji setelah uji kubur terjadi perubahan warna dengan nilai perubahan warna (ΔE*) yang besar dan perubahan warna antar contoh uji satu sama lain tidak berbeda. Nilai retensi kayu pinus lebih rendah dibandingkan kayu jabon. Kayu pinus dan jabon kontrol dengan pengawetan imidakloprid berbeda nyata pada pengujian kerapatan, kadar air, kehilangan berat, dan tingkat ketahanan kayu., Pine (Pinus merkusii Jungh. Et de Vriese) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba (Roxb) Miq.) belong to durable class V which are susceptible to attack by destructive organisms, so their resistance need to be increased. This study aims to analyze the effect of imidacloprid as a preservative on discoloration and resistance of pine and jabon wood due to subterranean termite attack through a one-year grave test. The preservation of wood used the vacuum-pressed method with the preservative imidacloprid. The test consists of density, moisture content, retention, discoloration, weight loss, and wood resistance level. The protection level test of wood used the modified ASTM D 1758-06 standard. The results showed that after the grave test, all samples had a color change with a large color change va lue (ΔE*) and the color cha nges (ΔE*) of the samples were not different from one another. The retention value of pine wood is lower than jabon wood. Pine wood and control jabon with imidacloprid preservation were significantly different in tests of density, moisture content, weight loss, and wood protection level.
Keyword: discoloration, imidacloprid, jabon, pine, wood resistance

Judul: Color Changes and Resistance of Mangium and Jabon Impregnated with Furfuryl Alcohol against Subterranean Termites through Graveyard Test
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan membandingkan perubahan warna dan ketahanan kayu mangium dan jabon terimpregnasi furfuril alkohol terhadap serangan rayap tanah melalui uji kubur selama 1 tahun. Kerapatan ratarata pada kayu mangium dan jabon terimpregnasi furfuril alkohol masing-masing sebesar 0,76 g/cm3 dan 0,81 g/cm3. Kadar air rata-rata pada kayu mangium dan jabon terimpregnasi furfuril alkohol masing-masing sebesar 3,80% dan 2,23%. Nilai rata-rata WPG pada kayu mangium dan jabon masing-masing sebesar 12,9% dan 169,6%. Pengujian kubur menyebabkan perubahan warna yang termasuk dalam kategori perubahan warna besar pada kedua jenis kayu terfurufurilasi dan pada kayu mangium kontrol. Kedua jenis kayu terfurfurilasi mengalami peningkatan kecerahan setelah uji kubur selama 1 tahun. Nilai rata-rata weight loss kayu mangium dan jabon terimpregnasi furfuril alkohol masing-masing sebesar 18,16% dan 1,18. Nilai tingkat ketahanan kayu mangium dan jabon terimpregnasi furfuril alkohol masing-masing sebesar 8,8 dan 9,4, sedangkan pada kayu kontrolnya masing-masing sebesar 5 dan 0., This study aims to analyze and compare the color changes and resistance of mangium and jabon wood impregnated with furfuryl alcohol against subterranean termite attack through the graveyard test for 1 year. The average density of mangium and Jabon wood impregnated with furfuryl alcohol was 0.76 g / cm3 and 0.81 g / cm3, respectively. The average water content of mangium and Jabon wood impregnated with furfuryl alcohol were 3.80% and 2.23%, respectively. The average WPG values for mangium and jabon were 12.9% and 169.6%, respectively. The graveyard test resulted in a color change that falls under the category of major color change in both the furfurylated wood and in the untreated mangium. The two types of fertilized wood experienced an increase in brightness after 1 year of graveyard test. The average values of weight loss mangium and Jabon wood impregnated with furfuryl alcohol were 18.16% and 1.18, respectively. The resistance level values of mangium and jabon impregnated with furfuryl alcohol were 8.8 and 9.4, respectively, while those for control wood were 5 and 0.
Keyword: furfuryl alcohol, impregnation, jabon wood, mangium wood, wood resistance

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm