Judul: Perilaku Penggunaan Pestisida oleh Ibu Rumah tangga di Wilayah DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Hama permukiman yang ada di daerah permukiman seperti kecoa, nyamuk, lalat, rayap dan tikus dapat menularkan penyakit manusia dan menyebabkan masalah kesehatan bagi masyarakat. Saat ini, nyamuk adalah serangga utama yang menjadi vektor penyakit mematikan, seperti demam berdarah, cikungunya, dan malaria. Pencegahan penyakit tersebut umumnya diutamakan pada pengendalian vektor dengan berbagai cara, seperti aplikasi pestisida rumah tangga, raket listrik, cara-cara tradisional lainnya yang dikembangkan oleh komunitas (kelambu, pintu atau jendela berkassa, perangkap telur/ovitrap), sanitasi, atau fogging. Namun masyarakat cenderung menggunakan pestisida rumah tangga untuk mengendalikan hama permukiman yang mengganggu di lingkungan tinggal karena dianggap lebih praktis, efektif dan efisien, sehingga pestisida rumah tangga menjadi kebutuhan masyarakat bagi sebagian besar orang Indonesia, terutama mereka yang tinggal di daerah perkotaan. Namun masyarakat tidak tahu, bahwa pilihan tersebut memiliki dampak buruk terhadap kesehatan manusia dan lingkungan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah 1) mengetahui jenis-jenis hama permukiman dan mengkaji lingkungan yang menyebabkan munculnya hama permukiman di Jakarta, 2) mengkaji perilaku ibu rumah tangga dalam menggunakan pestisida di lingkungan tempat tinggal, 3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi sikap dan perilaku penggunaan pestisida oleh ibu rumah tangga di lingkungan tempat tinggal dan 4) mengkaji dampak penggunaan pestisida di lingkungan rumah tangga terhadap keracunan di masyarakat. Penelitian dilakukan di Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta mulai bulan Maret sampai Desember 2005 dengan pemutakhiran data pada tahun 2010 dan tahun 2011. Lokasi penelitian dibagi dalam tiga kategori kondisi permukiman yaitu : kategori kotor, kategori sedang, dan kategori bersih. Sampel yang diambil adalah 155 ibu rumah tangga yang ada di beberapa kelurahan di wilayah DKI Jakarta (Jakarta Pusat, Jakarta Utara, Jakarta Selatan, Jakarta Barat, dan Jakarta Timur). Hama permukiman yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah hama yang termasuk jenis serangga. Data pestisida rumah tangga diperoleh dengan mengamati kemasan pestisida yang digunakan oleh responden serta pestisida yang ada di pasar. Parameter yang diamati terhadap pestisida rumah tangga adalah nama dagang, jenis formulasi, jenis bahan aktif, hama sasaran dan tanda bahaya yang tercantum dalam label kemasan pestisida. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur, pengamatan perilaku dan kegiatan penghuni rumah tangga, serta pengamatan lingkungan sekitar permukiman. Hasil pengamatan mengungkapkan bahwa masyarakat sangat terganggu dengan kehadiran hama permukiman seperti nyamuk, semut, kecoa, lalat dan rayap. Hasil pengamatan di lapangan diperoleh berbagai jenis serangga hama...dst
Keyword: Pestisida rumah tangga, bahan aktif, hama permukiman, ibu rumah tangga, dan lingkungan.

Judul: Studies on the behavior housewives in home pesticide usage In Special Capital Region Jakarta
Abstrak: Urban pests such as cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies, ants, termites and rodents are commonly associated with health issues and some are actual disease vectors that can cause severe health problems in a community. Currently, mosquitoes are the main cause of the deadly human diseases, such as dengue fever, chikungunya, and malaria. To control these pests, people commonly use home pesticides because pesticides are considered practical, effective and efficient. However, pesticide uses can has negatively impact human health as well as the environment.The objectives of this study were to examine the behavior of Jakarta residence toward home pesticides use and to assess its impact on the incidence of poisoning the communities.The study was conducted in Jakarta from March to December 2005, with data updated in 2010 and 2011. The object of the research was the homemaker of the households, since women are primarily the decision makers for pesticide application. The study sites were divided into three categories, based on residential conditions : dirty, medium and clean. Information of 155 respondents in several residences in the areas of Jakarta was taken as samples. Observations on the presence of urban pests in the study were done by method landing baiting collection for mosquito, method of feeding to cockroaches and flies, direct counting for ants, and theswing system for termite. The study revealed that cockroaches, mosquitoes, flies, ants and termites are urban pests that are commonly found in households. Pesticide’s that were mostly used has the active ingredient of cypermethrin, imiprothrin and tansfluthrin. Results of the survey showed that 52.74% of respondents acknowledge that TV advertising is an important source of information in providing knowledge about the types of pesticides and 27.40% of respondents know the types of pesticides from experience of her parent behavior. The impact of pesticide exposure on human health can be seen from the symptoms of poisoning or symptoms similar to intoxication. A total of 46.3% housewives surveyed showed symptoms associated with respiratory problems, 5.9% experienced dizziness, 11.1% felt itchy skin, 7.4% of respondents felt nausea and vomiting and as much as 3.7% experienced fainting. Based on the survey, it is known that the characteristic level of education and income levels affect the attitude of homemakers (cognitive, affective and psychomotor) in pesticides used. The attitudes in home pesticide use did not correlate with behavior on the pesticides. Housewives behavior in pesticides use is more influenced by: (1) the level of pest population settlements, (2) advertising and (3) the ease in obtaining home pesticides.
Keyword: Home pesticides, health, urban pests, environment, Jakarta, actual disease Vectors, pesticide application

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm