Judul: Penentuan Frekuensi Bus Rapid Transityang Diaplikasikan pada Bus Trans Mataram Metro dalam Meminimumkan Biaya Operasional
Abstrak: Pelayanan angkutan umum di Kota Mataram saat ini berada dalam kondisi yang cukup memprihatinkan. Masyarakat lebih memilih menggunakan kendaraan pribadi baik sepeda motor maupun mobil pribadi. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut permerintah menyediakan angkutan umum yang lebih efisien, aman, nyaman dan terjangkau oleh daya beli masyarakat yaitu Bus Rapid Transit (BRT). Pengoperasian BRT yang baik dapat memberikan tingkat mobilitas yang tinggi dengan biaya operasional yang minimum. Salah satu caradalam meminimumkan biaya operasional yaitu dengan mengoptimalkan frekuensi bus yang beroperasi. Frekuensi bus yang optimal dicapai jika semua demandpenumpang terpenuhi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat model matematika penentuan frekuensi BRT dan mengaplikasikan model tersebut pada sistem layanan bus Trans Mataram Metro. Model matematika penentuan frekuensi bus dibentuk ke dalam integer linear programming (ILP). Variabel keputusan yang ditentukan yaitu frekuensi bus yang bergerak dari terminal i ke terminal j untuk koridor k dan jumlah penumpang yang terangkut pada setiap ruas jalan dengan fungsi tujuan meminimumkan total biaya operasional kendaraan. Beberapa skenario pengujian model digunakan untuk melihat kesesuaian hasil dari model. Pada penelitian ini digunakan lima contoh kasus yang solusinya telah diketahui dengan memberikan demanddan biaya operasional koridor di ruas jalan yang berbeda-beda. Berdasarkan aplikasi model pada sistem layanan bus Trans Mataram Metro diperoleh bahwa pergerakan bus dapat memenuhi semua demanddi setiap ruas jalan. Kesembilan koridor yang dilayanani oleh bus Trans Mataram Metro menghasilkan total biaya operasional kendaraan paling minimum senilai Rp5 208 880 772 dengan frekuensi bus terendah melalui koridor 1 yaitu sebanyak 36 kali, sedangkan frekuensi bus tertinggi melewati koridor 5 sebanyak 7492 kali.
Keyword: frekuensi bus, Bus Rapid Transit, minimum biaya operasional, integer linear programming

Judul: Masalah Penentuan Koridor Bus dalam Meminimumkan Biaya Operasional
Abstrak: Population’s mobility in Jakarta is extremely high. This would require adequate public transportation facilities. One of the mass public transportation systems developed in Jakarta is bus rapid transit system, which is better known as busway. Busway is expected to be a public transport that would be able to serve the population’s mobility. Currently, the busway is still subsidized by the government, because the fare is set relatively low (in order to attract people using the busway). Nevertheless, the operational cost is relatively high. This paper presents an optimization model to determine the corridors of the busway to be operated as well as the frequency of the buses at each corridor. This optimization is formulated in order to fulfill the demand of transportation for each pair of origin-destination and, at the same time, to minimize the total operational cost. This problem is formulated as a integer nonlinear programming and solved using Lingo software 11.0.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua