Judul: Molecular Design of Cervical Cancer Drug Candidate from Indonesian Herbal Plants: Computational Exploration
Abstrak: Kanker serviks adalah penyakit yang menyebabkan sekitar 300.000 kematian di seluruh dunia, sebagian besar disebabkan oleh human papillomavirus (HPV), yang ditularkan melalui hubungan seksual. Pengobatan saat ini untuk pra-kanker serviks adalah ablasi dan eksisi, keduanya merupakan metode bedah dengan risiko tinggi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan alternatif obat untuk menghambat angiogenesis. Penelitian ini menyeleksi kandidat obat antikanker serviks dengan mekanisme penghambatan angiogenesis secara in silico melalui virtual screening dari 100 senyawa dari tanaman herbal Indonesia yang diprediksi memiliki aktivitas inhibisi angiogenesis. Ligan uji dengan nilai afinitas tertinggi diseleksi untuk penelitian lebih lanjut tentang bioavailabilitas dan toksisitasnya. Tiga senyawa terpilih adalah isogemichalcone C (-12,53 kcal/mol), jasmolactone D (-12,37 kcal/mol), dan jasmolactone C (-12,07 kcal/mol), yang memiliki nilai afinitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan tivozanib (-12,05 kcal/mol), obat paten untuk inhibisi angiogenesis kanker.
Keyword: penapisan virtual, penghambat tirosin kinase, angiogenesis, kanker serviks

Judul: Penapisan Senyawa Aktif Mahkota Dewa, Lidah Buaya, dan Pare sebagai Inhibitor Enzim Aldehid Dehidrogenase 1A3 secara In Silico
Abstrak: Kanker ovarium termasuk salah satu penyebab kematian terbesar dari seluruh kematian akibat kanker di Indonesia. Cancer stem cell (CSC) memiliki kemampuan menginisiasi pembentukan tumor dan dapat menyebabkan metastasis. CSC relatif resisten terhadap terapi kanker konvensional dan diperkirakan dapat tinggal di dalam tubuh setelah terapi kamker selesai. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya terapi baru yang menargetkan CSC yang diharapkan mampu menjadi metode pengobatan kanker yang efisien dan dapat mencegah kekambuhan kanker. Aldehid dehidrogenase 1A3 (ALDH1A3) merupakan salah satu marker permukaan CSC pada kanker ovarium. Enzim ALDH1A3 berperan dalam mengoksidasi retinaldehid menjadi asam retinoat yang dapat menginduksi transkripsi gen yang dapat meregulasi pembentukan tumor. Penelitian bertujuan menapis senyawa aktif yang berasal dari mahkota dewa, lidah buaya, dan pare sebagai inhibitor enzim ALDH1A3 secara in silico dengan metode virtual screening dan molecular docking melalui analisis energi ikatan (ΔG), konstanta inhibisi (Ki), dan ikatan yang terbentuk. Senyawa cucurbitane11 (3,7-dioxo-23,24,25,26,27-penta-norcucurbit-5-en-22-oic acid) berpotensi paling tinngi sebagai inhibitor enzim ALDH1A3 dengan ΔG -9.79 kkal/mol, Ki 0.07 μM, dan %BSS 83.3%, sehingga dapat dijadikan kandidat obat untuk pengobatan kanker ovarium. Senyawa mahkoside A, eriodictiol, daidzein, genistein, pelargonidin, apigenin, katekin, sianidin, dan mangiferin juga berpotensi menghambat kerja enzim ALDH1A3 karena memiliki sisi pengikatan yang juga sama dengan asam retinoat.
Keyword: ALDH1A3, CSC, kanker ovarium, molecular docking, virtual screening

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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