Judul: Model Pendugaan Kerugian Akibat Bencana Letusan Gunung Api di Sektor Pertanian
Abstrak: Indonesia is an agricultural country. Ironically, as an agricultural country Indonesia has yet to have the independence and sovereignty in terms of food needs for its people. This is compounded by the disasters that occurred in Indonesia, which led to decreased productivity in the agricultural sector. One such disaster is of volcanic eruptions. The hot lava, cold lava and ash as well as burst of volcanic materials emitted when a volcanic eruption occurred has caused damage to land, crops, horticulture and plantation located around the erupting volcano. Of course this can cause losses in the agricultural sector. Therefore, in this study, will be developed loss estimation models due to volcanic eruption in the agricultural sector. The loss estimation model used was adopted from a model developed by the International Center of Geohazard (ICG), through NORSAR (Norway) and the University of Alicante (Spain) implemented in a tool called SELENA (Seismic Loss Estimation using logic Approach tree) which is used to estimate the economic loss due to the earthquake. Because we assumed that earthquakes and volcanic eruptions have the same probability of damage depends on the distance to the center of the disaster, then the SELENA model can be applied to volcanic eruption by adjusting some parameters. Some parameters adjusted are the type of occupancy, type of building and level of damage is thought to match with the type of plant, plant age and disaster-prone zones. Calculation of area planted, probability of damages and costs of investment also need to be adjusted to calculate the total economic loss. Based on loss estimation model and by using the data area planted for each plant type-i aged-j in zone-k and hypothetical data of total damaged probability, plant type-i damaged probability, plant aged-j damaged probability, plant in zone-k damaged probability obtained value of the economic loss and interval of loss for each plant type-i agedj in zone-k. The economic loss determined in this thesis might be used by local goverment or center goverment to calculate the amount of funds required following this natural distater.
Keyword: Agriculture Sector, Economic Losses, Estimation Model, Volcanic Eruption

Judul: Pendugaan Kerugian Material Akibat Gempa Bumi dengan Metode Logic Tree
Abstrak: The purpose of this paper is to calculate the material loss caused by the earthquake using the logic tree method. The logic tree method requires a formula of ground motion, response spectrums, structural building damages and the probability of damages. The probability of damages obtained for each damages level of location was used to calculate the economic loss and the human casualties. The economy loss was calculate using the information of the costliness for each unit geographical, building area for each certain building type, the occupancy type and repairman or replacement cost for each occupancy type and building type. The number of casualties was calculated using the information on the proportion of casualties for each severity level, the building type and certain damage location, and the number of people living in each buildings type. The computer software SELENA was applied for Bucharest earthquake and concluded that median economic loss worth 189,741,404.470 Euros. Using the software, it obtained that the number of casualties about 319 person if the earthquake occured at 2 a.m, 36 person if the earthquake happened at 10 a.m and 54 person if the earthquake took place at 5 p.m. If the SELENA was applied to Indonesian earthquakes, then the software needed to calibrated using extensive data set including: demography, building types, occupancy types, and soil types.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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