Judul: Fermentabilitas dan kecernaan in vitro daun tanaman Indigofera sp. yang mendapat perlakuan pupuk cair untuk daun
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of foliar fertilizer application on total volatile fatty acid (VFA), ruminal ammonia (NH3), in vitro dry matter digestibility (DMD) organic matter digestibility (OMD) of Indigofera leaves in goat’s rumen liquor, available digestable dry matter (ADDM), and available digestable organic matter (ADOM). The foliar fertilizer consisted of element nutrient N as (NH4NO3), P as (H2PO4), K as (K2SO4). The level of foliar application as treatments consisted of P0 (25% cow urin : 75% water), P1 (P0 + element nutrient 1%), P2 (P0 + element nutrient 2%), P3 (P0 + element nutrient 3%), P4 (P0 + element nutrient 4%), P5 (P0 + element nutrient 5%). Value of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, and 5% representative of 10 ml/liter, 20 ml/liter, 30 ml/liter, 40 ml/liter, and 50 ml/liter respectively. Completely randomized block design with three replications and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied in this experiment. The results showed that the total VFA production, NH3 production, DMD, OMD were not influenced by the foliar application fertilizer at first defoliation Indigofera sp., but for ADDM were influenced and ADOM were also inclined influenced by the foliar application fertilizer. The further study needs to be done to determine the effect of foliar application at second defoliation.
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Judul: Peningkatan Produktivitas Indigofera sp. Sebagai Pakan Berkualitas Tinggi Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Industri Penyedap Masakan:
Abstrak: The food flavor manufacture waste (called sipramin) have a great potential to used as liquid organic fertilizer due to the nutrition contents that needed by plants. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of sipramin as liquid organic fertilizer on soil fertility, re-growth, and herbage productivity of Indigofera sp. for ruminants. This experiment used factorial completely randomized design, the first factor was fertilizer dosages (0, 10, 20 and 40%) and the second factor was fertilization times (30 and 15 days before harvested [dbh]). The observed variables were soil chemical and biological characteristic, re-growth and forage production, and nutritive value of Indigofera sp. for ruminants. An in vitro experiment was carried out to examine the dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), solubility of calcium and phosphorus of Indigofera sp. in rumen liquor. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that the soil nitrogen, number of phosphate resolvability bacteria and Rhizobium sp. were significantly different (P<0.05) on 40% fertilizer dosage than the other treatment. The phosphate resolvability bacteria and available phosphate (P available) of 15 dbh were higher than 30 dbh. Sipramin fertilizer of 40% dosage improved Corganic content and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio value of soil and significantly (P<0,01) increased forage production (leaf and stem). The number of stem and stem weight of 40% sipramin and 15 dbh were higher than the others. The leaf and stem ratio of 15 dbh were higher than 30 dbh. There were no significantly different (P>0.05) on stem diameter, chlorophyll content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, however dry crude protein content (CP) and root nodule were significantly different (P<0.01) on 40% fertilizer dosage than the others. There were interaction between dosage and fertilization time on crude protein and phosphorus content. Crude protein and phosphorus content of 40% sipramin at 15 dbh were higher than the others. IVDMD, IVOMD and IVCPD of 40% were significantly (P<0.05) higher than 0% fertilizer dosage. The quantity of soluble calcium and phosphorus were significantly different (P<0.01) on 40% than 0% fertilizer dosage. The addition of 40% sipramin at 15 dbh fertilization time showed the best result to chemical and biological soil characteristic, re-growth and productivity of Indigofera sp.
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Judul: Truncated Stop Loss as a Optimal Solution of Reinsurance Agreement in One-Period Model
Abstrak: Reinsurance is one of risk management efforts of an insurance company, which is called the cedent. Similar with insurance, reinsurance constitutes the cedent to pay the premium. We consider one-period reinsurance model and derive a rule which minimizes the ruin probability of the cedent for a fixed reinsurance premium. Therefore, it is needed to construct an optimal reinsurance agreement for the cedent. The premium is calculated according to four different principles, i.e. economic, generalized zero-utility, Esscher, and mean-variance principles. Stop loss is a reinsurance contract which protect the insurance company for losses that exceed a certain amount. The result of this research shows that a truncated stop loss is an optimal agreement in the class of all reinsurance contracts with various premiums calculated using above mentioned principles.
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