Judul: Kajian Pemilihan Alternatif Penyiangan Gulma Padi Sawah
Abstrak: One of the major problems in organic rice farming is weed eradication activity, or commonly called weeding. Conventional weeding is extremely time consuming work and require a lot of labor. Contrarily, the number of population working in agriculture sector has been decreasing over time in comparison to the industrial sector. To cope with this existing problem, switching from conventional to mechanical or semi-mechanical tools is needed for most agricultureal areas. However, the use of these tools should also take the human factor into consideration so that optimal human-machine system may be possible to be applied. In addition, the design of the equipment should also consider the safety and health as well as ergonomic factors of operator. The objective of the research was to find out the operator workload value and work effectiveness resulting from three weeding activities i.e. hand weeding, semi mechanical weeding and mechanical weeding. Research was conducted in the organic farmers rice fields in Situgede, West Bogor prefecture, Bogor city, West Java. Semi-mechanical weeding involved two types of weeder, namely local gasrok-weeder type (Indonesian weeder) and Japanese roller-weeder type. In order to determine the most appropriate weeding type, the technical (including ergonomics), economic and environmental aspects of each weeding types were investigated. Various data were collected during the experiment such as: (i) weeding performance (manually, semi-mechanical and mechanical/power operated weeder); (ii) ergonomic parameters data (work load factor). Data processing was implemented in fuzzy logic–fuzzy inference system (FIS) for generating fuzzy rules operation. Model input consists of five parameters i.e. work capacity, weeding effectiveness, energy consumption, environment aspect and cost. A Mamdani FIS type with OR fuzzy operator (maximum function) was used to generate the rules for each treatment. The output is the maximum value resulted from 17 combinations rules for each weeder type. Based on the experimental results, the highest weeding performance was achieved by power weeder under flooded and muddy soil conditions. Workload measurements indicated energy requirement of all type (hand weeding, local gasrok weeder type, roller type and mechanical) that a value of energy consumption by female operator is highest than male operator. This is influences with heart rate value each operator. A value of heart rate by female operator is highest than male operator. It is mean that the muscular work of male operator is stronght. The muscular work is influences heart rate levels. For work capacity and weeding effectivity, the largest was achieved by power weeder. Based on weeding selection model using fuzy-FIS, the maximum output value was achieved by mechanical (Power weeder). However, their use should be adjusted to the level of ability, needs and goals to be achieved by user.
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Judul: Studi Beban Dan Kapasitas Kerja Pada Pengoperasian Alat Penyiang Gulma Padi Sawah Tipe Ski Rotary (Studi Komparasi Dengan Penyiangan Manual Dan Gasrok)
Abstrak: Kegiatan pengendalian gulma umumnya di Indonesia dilakukan secara fisik. Metode fisik dibagi menjadi tiga cara, yakni menggunakan manual, alat, dan mesin. Penyiangan menggunakan alat berpotensi menjawab solusi untuk petani di Indonesia yang didominasi lahan yang relatif sempit sampai menengah. Penelitian ini adalah uji ergonomi yang difokuskan pada beban kerja alat ski rotary weeder (SRW). SRW merupakan modifikasi rotary weeder (Japanese type) dengan menyesuaikan petani dan kondisi sawah di Indonesia dan dikomparasi dengan penyiangan secara manual dan gasrok. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap 4 orang laki-laki dan 4 orang perempuan pada aktivitas penyiangan. Analisis dilakukan berdasarkan parameter fisiologis (denyut jantung). Hasil penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa kapasitas kerja SRW secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari gasrok dan manual. Namun, pada beban kerja SRW menunjukkan secara signifikan lebih tinggi dari penyiangan manual dan relatif sama dengan gasrok. Oleh karena itu, terbukti bahwa alat SRW secara komparatif lebih baik dan produktif dari penyiangan manual dan gasrok.
Keyword: beban kerja, kapasitas kerja, penyiangan, Ski Rotary Weeder

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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