Judul: Comparation of the Quality of Corn and Sorghum Silage: A Meta-Analysis
Abstrak: Silase hijauan jagung dan hijauan sorgum memiliki keunggulan dan kelemahan dalam kandungan nutrien dan pengaruhnya pada produksi dan kualitas susu. Penggunaan silase jagung dalam praktiknya lebih luas dilakukan, namun membutuhkan biaya produksi hijauan yang lebih mahal daripada sorgum. Penelitian terkait hal tersebut sudah banyak dilakukan namun belum ada kajian komprehensif dari hasil penelitian yang beragam. Oleh karena itu, studi ini bertujuan mengevaluasi nilai nutrien dan efek pemberian silase hijauan jagung dan sorgum terhadap produksi dan kualitas susu secara meta-analisis. Sebanyak 190 artikel sesuai kata kunci diseleksi lebih lanjut hingga didapat 22 artikel ilmiah yang memenuhi kriteria yang sudah ditentukan untuk kepentingan studi. Artikel dimasukkan ke dalam database. Efek Hedges’ g digunakan untuk mengukur estimate dengan selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil menunjukkan kandungan protein, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber, dan pH silase hijauan sorgum signifikan (p<0,05) lebih tinggi daripada silase hijauan jagung. Penggunaan silase hijauan sorgum memberikan pengaruh yang sama terhadap kandungan protein, laktosa, dan asam lemak susu. Silase hijauan sorgum signifikan (p<0,05) lebih tinggi pada lemak susu, namun menghasilkan produksi susu lebih rendah (28,08 vs 29,40 kg-1 hari-1). Dari studi ini, silase hijauan sorgum berpotensi sebagai pengganti silase hijauan jagung tanpa memberikan pengaruh negatif terhadap kualitas susu., Forage corn silage and sorghum silage might be comparable in term of nutrient content and their effect on milk production and quality. Corn silage is more frequently used by farmer than sorghum in practice, but production cost of corn silage according to field observation is higher than that of forage sorghum. Many studies have been conducted on this matter, but there is no comprehensive analysis. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the nutrient and effects of both corn and sorghum silage on milk production and quality through a meta-analysis method. A total of 190 article relevant to the keyword were further selected until 22 scientific articles according to determined criteria for this study. The article entered into the database. Hedges’g effect was used to measure estimate with a 95% confidence interval. The results showed that the protein, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Acid Detergent Fiber, and pH of forage sorghum silage were significantly (p<0.05) higher that forage corn silage. The use of forage sorghum silage had a similar effect on milk protein, lactose, and milk fatty acids. Sorghum silage had significantly (p<0.05) higher milk fat, but resulted in lower milk production (28.08 vs 29.40 kg head-1 day-1). Base on this study, sorghum silage potentially to be a substitute for corn silage without reducing milk quality.
Keyword: corn silage, meta-analysis, milk production, sorghum silage

Judul: Potential of Forage Under the Shade of Sorghum with Different Levels of Urea Fertilizer and Quality as a Silage Product
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui potensi hijauan pakan di bawah naungan tanaman sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) dengan level pupuk urea berbeda dan kualitasnya sebagai produk silase. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi lapang langsung terhadap tumbuhan di bawah tanaman sorgum dengan perbedaan pemberian pupuk urea. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan merupakan Rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pada 3 perlakuan lahan dengan 4 ulangan, dan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak Duncan jika terdapat perbedaan yang nyata. Parameter yang diukur meliputi intensitas cahaya, tingkat naungan, suhu, kelembaban, pH tanah, tekstur tanah, biomassa hijauan, kapasitas tampung, analisis vegetasi serta analisis karakteristik fisik dan palatabilitas silase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan level pupuk urea di bawah tanaman sorgum berpengaruh nyata (p<0,01) pada parameter intensitas cahaya, tingkat naungan dan kelembaban akan tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap suhu, biomassa, dan kapasitas tampung hijauan. Potensi hijauan pakan yang berada di bawah tanaman sorgum dengan level pupuk urea berbeda menunjukkan keanekaragaman hijauan sedang dengan kemerataan jenis yang tinggi. Jenis hijauan Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link., Cleome rutidosperma DC., dan Spermacoce alata Aubl. memiliki indeks nilai penting yang tinggi pada setiap perlakuan. Produk silase asal rumbah dihasilkan aroma dan warna yang baik dengan skor 3 dengan tingkat palatabilitas kurang disukai dengan skor 2 (skala 1-4)., Research has been carried out on the potential for forage under the shade of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) with different levels of urea fertilizer and its quality as a silage product. The method used is direct field observation of plants under sorghum with differences in the application of urea fertilizer. The experiment used was a completely randomized design (CRD) on 3 fields with 4 replications, and continued with Duncan's distance test if there were significant differences. The observed parameters were divided into light intensity, shade level, temperature, humidity, soil pH, soil texture, forage biomass, storage capacity, vegetation analysis, analysis of the physical characteristics and palatability of silage. The results showed that the difference in urea fertilizer levels under sorghum had a significant effect (p<0.01) on the parameters of light intensity, shade level and humidity but had no significant effect on temperature, biomass, and forage holding capacity. Forage potential under sorghum with different levels of urea fertilizer shows moderate forage diversity with high evenness of species. Forage species Echinochloa colonum (L.) Link., Cleome rutidosperma DC., and Spermacoce alata Aubl. had a high index of significance in each treatment. Silage product from rumbah produces good aroma and colour with a score of 3 with a less favorable palatability level with a score of 2 (scale 1-4).
Keyword: Forage, Silage, Sorghum shade, Urea fertilizer

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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