Judul: Institutional partnership between wood-processing industries and communities on forest development in Java Island
Abstrak: The research intended to analyze effectiveness of partnership between woodprocessing industries and communities for supporting sustainable development of forest plantations management (KIBARHUT) in Java Island. The research conducted in 3 locations, namely Sukaraja, Bawang, and Krucil on April–October 2008. Up to 2008, 3 industries (INPAK) had been planted 14,537.12 ha of KIBARHUT in 4 provinces of Java Island. KIBARHUT was carried out with land owners (Type 1 and 2) and the proprietors of state property (Type 3), regulated using non-formal (Type 1) and formal contracts (Type 2 and 3). Agency relationship characterized by INPAK (principal) willingness to delegate forest development investment to agents for producing timber, which supported by market warranty and processing capacity of principal’s industry, using the timber harvested from KIBARHUT by agents and supplied to principal. Rights and obligations formally enforced based upon written clausuls on the contracts, as well as involvement of informal institutions (ellite figures of the village) helped to informally enforce the contracts. KIBARHUT resulted financial and economic efficiency on allocating resources (input and output). KIBARHUT also had feasibility of financial and competitive and comparative advantages which simply indicated that log harvested was adequately enough to go to the world market for having export transactions. Efficieny on allocating output of KIBARHUT was supported by strategies carried out by woodprocessing industries (INPAK), namely: (i) creating special organization responsible for marketing purposes (log supplier and cooveratives) which had a link directly to agents; (ii) building business cooperations with sawmill surrounding the location of KIBARHUT; (iii) offering incentives (bonus or premium price per cubic of log) to encourage log supply to INPAK either goes directly to agents or through allied sawmill. The study concluded that sustainability of forest plantations development of KIBARHUT in Java Island should be implemented on the higher bundles of property rights and enforced using the formal contract which had the assurance of rule-in-use.
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Judul: Arahan pengembangan hutan rakyat untuk pemenuhan bahan baku industri primer hasil hutan kayu di Provinsi Jawa Timur
Abstrak: The shortage of raw materias is a major problem for primary timber industry in Indonesia. In order to fulfill of industrial raw materials and provide both ecological and economic benefits, it is required a comprehensive direction in planning process to develop private forest in East Java. The purpose of this study was to develop a plan for meeting sustainable raw material supply for primary timber industry through the development of private forests. The specific objectives of this research was to make the direction of developing private forest in East Java through: (a) Identify the type of plants that are potentially (b) Identify the potential of appropriatness and availability of land for development of private forest in East Java (c) Identify the pattern of institutional and partnership between the timber industry with the community. According to IPHHK production capacity in 2011, wood industries need 7,412,558 m3 logs, meanwhile forest, both natural and production, can only meet 47% of IPHHK requirements. The potential species to be developed in East Java according to the research of industry needs, preferences and the potential of private forests are Teak, Albizia and Jabon. Based on the suitability of the land available for forest development, the potential land for development is an area of 649 433 hectares of teak and Sengon is an area of 773 892 ha with the largest development area covers Sumenep and Sampang. Jabon potential land development is an area of 412 119 ha in area with the greatest potential is Pacitan and Malang. To support the sustainable development of forests in East Java, it is necessary to build partnerships between IPHHK and farmers. For this partnership requires an institutional bridge the industry and farmers form cooperatives. The role of government is needed not only as facilitators and supervisors but also as policy decision maker to endorse the community in forest management.
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Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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