Judul: The Ability of Eat, Feed Preference, and Poisons Bait Testing on Scaly-breasted Munia (Lonchura punctulata L.) and Javan Munia (Lonchura leucogastroides Horsfield & Moore)
Abstrak: Rice is the food sources of carbohydrates that important in life Indonesian society. There are several constraints to increasing rice production, one of the constraints is pest of plant attack. Vertebrate pest wich quite important in the rice plant is scaly-breasted munia (L. punctulata L.) and javan munia (L. leucogastroides Horsfield & Moore). The right way to control and press the pest attack is necessary. This research aims to know the level of grain consumption of bird, bird feed preference to the grain and artificial feed that can be used as bait in entrapment and poisons bait, and to know what types of poisons that are effective in controlling of bird. There are two test in the experiment such as individual testing and population testing. In each test there are three experiments. The first experiment is the ability of eat treatment with the primary feed grain as in each tests. Consumption level of scaly-breasted munia and javan munia is 2-2,8 grams of day. Consumption bird of males and females do not show significant different result. The second experiment is feeding preferences treatment by the method of choice (multiple choice) with placing six of feed (grain, brown rice, berley, millet, corn grain, and pellet) simultaneously on each cage. The result show the consumption of natural feed (grain) is more desirable than artificial feed. The third experiment is poisons bait preference treatment by the method of choice. On this examination show natural food without poison bait is more desirable than poison bait.
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Judul: Pengujian Lima Jenis Tanaman sebagai Repelen Lonchura punctulata L.
Abstrak: Birds are called pests due to causing loss to agricultural product. Scalybreasted munia is a potential pest because of the consumption level to unhulled rice. The common method used by people to control this pests is using net and scarecrow, but both methods are considered less efficient because is causing physical exhaustion and high labor costs. One of the alternative control to scalybreasted munia is using plants that have a pungent odor as botanical repellent. Plants that can be used as repellent are purple ginger (Zingiber cassumunar), stinky bean (Archidendron pauciflorum), chili sauce (Capsicum frutescens), garlic (Allium sativum), and pepper (Piper nigrum). The method consist of three trial, firstly five repellent with 0,1 g/ml, 0,15 g/ml, 0,2 g/ml, 0,25 g/ml concentration, secondly multiple choice test to four of the most effective repellent from the first test, and thirdly bi-choice test to one the most repellent effective compare with control. On this result experiment, concentration 0,25 g/ml is the most effective test of garlic, pepper, purple ginger, chili sauce, and concentration 0,2 g/ml on stinky bean. Result of multiple choice test, pepper 0,25 g/ml is most effective plant compared with otherplant. Pepper 0,25 g/ml can decrease the consumption of bird as much as 69,91% on bi-choice test. Although level of repellent on pepper 0,25 g/ml is more than 50%, needed further research to determine the effectiveness of pepper 0,25 g/ml as a bird repellent in the field.
Keyword: consumption., repellent, plants, Loncura punctulata L

Judul: Persamaan Geodesik Black Hole dengan Metrik Kerr 4+1 Dimensi dalam Koordinat Waktu Kosmik
Abstrak: Persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi dalam koordinat waktu kosmik merupakan interpretasi lain dari persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi, dimana acuan waktu yang digunakan diubah dari koordinat waktu wajar (proper time) ke dalam koordinat waktu kosmik (cosmic time). Waktu kosmik merupakan koordinat waktu yang dimana pengamat bergerak mengikuti ekspansi dari alam semesta. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi yang telah ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya menjadi persamaan geodesik yang memiliki fungsi terhadap dimensi waktu (t). Hasil akhir dari transformasi persamaan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan studi pustaka untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai persamaan geodesik black hole dalam koordinat waktu kosmik.
Keyword: Dimensi ekstra, Metrik Kerr, Persamaan geodesik, Waktu kosmik