Judul: The Effect of Fiscal Policy on Income Inequality in Indonesia
Abstrak: Ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat yang direpresentasikan oleh rasio gini merupakan hal penting dalam mengukur pembangunan ekonomi. Ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat di Indonesia cenderung berfluktuasi dari tahun 2010-2019. Namun disisi lain, kebijakan fiskal dari penerimaan daerah maupun pengeluaran daerah selalu meningkat di tahun yang sama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana kebijakan fiskal dapat memengaruhi ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat di Indonesia dari tahun 2010-2019. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder 33 provinsi Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis data panel dinamis. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran daerah yang dapat menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat adalah belanja kesehatan serta penerimaan daerah yang dapat menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat adalah Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Selain itu, pengeluaran daerah yang tidak dapat menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat adalah belanja pendidikan. Sedangkan penerimaan daerah yang tidak berpengaruh terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan masyarakat adalah Dana Bagi Hasil (DBH)., Income inequality represented by the Gini ratio is an important factor in measuring economic development. Income inequality in Indonesia, measured by the Gini Ratio, from year 2010 – 2019 tend to fluctuate. In the other hand, fiscal policy from regional revenue and regional expenditure has increased in the same period. This study aims to find how fiscal policy can affect the income inequality in Indonesia from 2010-2019. The data used are secondary data from 33 provinces of Indonesia. The analysis used in this study is descriptive analysis and dynamic panel data analysis. The result of study showed that regional expenditure that can reduce income inequality is health expenditure and regional revenue that can reduce income inequality is Local Government Revenue (PAD). Moreover, the regional expenditure that can’t reduce income inequality is education expenditure. Meanwhile, regional revenue income that can’t affect income inequality is Revenue Sharing Funds (DBH).
Keyword: dynamic panel data, income inequality, Indonesia, regional expenditure, regional revenue

Judul: The Impact of Goverment Expenditure on Income Inequality in Special Region of Yogyakarta Province
Abstrak: Ketimpangan pendapatan menjadi sumber berbagai masalah sosial. Salah satu upaya pemerintah dalam menangani permasalahan ketimpangan pendapatan yaitu melalui kebijakan fiskal dari sisi pengeluaran guna menerapkan fungsi alokasi yang mempraktikan tujuan pembangunan yang memihak kepada masyarakat miskin melalui fasilitas aktivitas ekonomi, pendidikan, kesehatan dan lainnya. Di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta pengeluaran ini cenderung meningkat selama tahun 2013-2019 namun ketimpangan pendapatan diantara masyarakatnya justru cenderung meningkat sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pengeluaran pemerintah fungsi ,ekonomi ,kesehatan, pendidikan, dan perlindungan sosial terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan kabupaten/kota di Provinsi DI Yogyakarta periode 2013- 2019. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan metode data panel dinamis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengeluaran pemerintah yang dapat menurunkan tingkat ketimpangan pendapatan diantara masyarakat adalah pengeluaran bidang ekonomi, pendidikan dan perlindungan sosial., Income inequality is a source of various social problems. One of the government's efforts in dealing with the problem of income inequality is through fiscal policy from the expenditure side in order to implement the allocation function that practices development goals that favor the poor. Through facilities for economic activity, education, health and others. In DI Yogyakarta Province, this expenditure tends to increase during 2013-2019 but income inequality among the people tends to increase, so this study aimsto analyze the impact of government spending on functions, economy, health, education, and social protection on income inequality in districts/citiesin DI Province. Yogyakarta period 2013-2019. In thisstudy, the dynamic panel data method was used. This study shows that government expenditures that can reduce the level of income inequality among the community are spending on the economy, education and social protection.
Keyword: goverment spending, income inequality, panel data

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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