Judul: Microscopic Images of Broiler Chickens Heart (Gallus  domesticus) 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Histopatologi merupakan salah satu metode untuk memperkirakan post mortem interval (PMI) yang dapat mengestimasi waktu kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mikroskopis jantung ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) selama 48 jam setelah kematian. Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler yang dieuthanasia secara dislokasi persendian cervical pada waktu yang bersamaan. Ayam kemudian dibagi menjadi 25 kelompok yang berisi masing-masing tiga ekor. Pengamatan mikroskopis dilakukan setiap dua jam, yaitu pada jam ke 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 setelah kematian. Perubahan mikroskopis yang diamati dari organ jantung adalah kerapatan celah serabut otot jantung, ketebalan serabut otot jantung, perubahan warna dan adanya bakteri. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan software ImageJ dan uji statistik Pearsons untuk melihat perubahan dan hubungan parameter yang diamati dengan waktu setelah kematian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan kerapatan celah serabut otot jantung dan ketebalan serabut otot jantung dengan waktu setelah kematian memiliki kolerasi kuat dengan perubahan yang meliputi celah serabut otot yang melebar dan ketebalan serabut otot yang menipis. Perubahan warna jantung ayam broiler menunjukkan perubahan warna yang semakin memudar dengan kolerasi sedang. Keberadaan koloni bakteri ditemukan pada jam ke-8 dan jumlahnya semakin meningkat. Kata kunci: Ayam broiler, histopatologi, jantung, mikroskopis., Histopathology is a method of estimating post mortem intervals (PMI) that can estimate the time of death. This study aims to determine microscopic changes in the heart of broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) for 48 hours after death. A total of 75 broiler chickens were euthanasia by cervical dislocation at the same time. The chickens are then divided into 25 groups containing three each. Microscopic observations are conducted every two hours, that is, at the 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 24, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34, 36, 38, 40, 42, 44, 46, 48 hours after death. The microscopic changes observed from the heart organs are the density fibers of the heart muscle fibers, the thickness of the heart muscle fibers, discoloration, and the presence of bacteria. The data analysis was conducted with ImageJ software and Pearsons statistical tests to see changes and relationships of parameters observed with the time after death. The results showed changes in the density of the heart muscle fibers and the thickness of the heart muscle fibers with the time after death had a strong correlation with changes that included widened muscle fiber gaps and thinning muscle fiber thickness. The discoloration of the broiler chicken's heart indicates fading color changes with a moderate correlation. The presence of bacterial colonies is found at the 8th hour, and the number is increasing. Keywords: Broiler chicken, histopathology, heart, microscopic
Keyword: Broiler chicken, histopathology, heart, microscopic

Judul: Histopathological Changes of Broiler Liver (Gallus  domesticus) 48 Hours After Death
Abstrak: Di Indonesia, forensik veteriner belum mendapat perhatian yang memadai, sehingga perlu ditingkatkan pengembangannya. Penelitian forensik veteriner ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran histopatologi hati ayam broiler sampai 48 jam setelah kematian (post mortem). Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur tujuh hari dieutanasia dengan cara dislokasi cervical, kemudian dibagi menjadi 25 kelompok yang tiap kelompok terdiri atas 3 ekor. Setiap dua jam kadaver ayam dinekropsi, organ hati dikoleksi untuk dibuat sediaan histopatologi dan diwarnai Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE). Histopatologi jaringan hati dianalisis menggunakan software ImageJ dan hasilnya diuji dengan uji Pearsons. Pembusukan dimulai pada jam ke-18 berupa penurunan jumlah inti sel hepatosit, jam ke-22 terjadi peningkatan jarak hepatosit dan jam ke-20 ditemui keberadaan bakteri pembusuk. Jumlah inti sel hepatosit, jarak antar sel, dan keberadaan bakteri pembusuk mempunyai hubungan kuat hingga sangat kuat dengan waktu, sehingga dapat dijadikan penentu waktu kematian (PMI). Warna sitoplasma hepatosit memiliki hubungan yang lemah dengan waktu sehingga tidak dapat digunakan sebagai penentu PMI. Peubah jumlah inti hepatosit, jarak antar hepatosit, dan keberadaan bakteri dapat dijadikan sebagai sumber acuan dalam forensik veteriner., In Indonesia, veterinary forensics has not received adequate attention, so its development needs to be improved. This veterinary forensic study aims to provide histopathological changes of the liver of broiler chickens up to 48 hours after death. A total of 75 broilers aged seven days were euthanized by cervical dislocation, then divided into 25 groups, each group consisting of 3 birds. Every two hours broiler cadaver necropsied, the liver was collected for histopathological preparation and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE). Histopathological changes in liver tissue were analyzed using ImageJ software, and the results were analyzed using the Pearsons' method. Putrefaction begins at the 18th hour with a decrease in the number of hepatocyte cell nuclei, at the 22nd hour is an increase in distance of hepatocyte, and at the 20th hour is the presence of putrefactive bacteria. The number of hepatocyte cell nuclei, the distance between hepatocytes, and the presence of bacteria have a strong and too strong relationship with time that they can use as determinants of post mortem interval (PMI). The color of the hepatocyte cytoplasm has a weak relationship with time, so it cannot use as a determinant of the post mortem interval. The number of hepatocyte nuclei, the distance between hepatocytes, and the presence of bacteria can use as a reference source in veterinary forensics.
Keyword: autolysis, broiler chickens, histopathology, liver, post mortem

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4