Judul: Modifikasi Media Marine Broth pada Produksi Inhibitor Protease dari Bakteri Acinetobacter baumanni yang Hidup Bersimbiosis dengan Sponge Plakortis nigra
Abstrak: Enzim protease memiliki peranan penting dalam proses metabolisme bakteri patogen. Protease bakteri tersebut dapat dihambat aktivitasnya oleh inhibitor protease. Iinhibitor protease dapat diproduksi dari bakteri Acinetobacter baumanni yang hidup bersimbiosis dengan sponge laut (Plakortis nigra). Agar produksi inhibitor protease dapat lebih optimal maka perlu diketahui komposisi media marine broth yang baik. Perlakuan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah modifikasi konsentrasi peptone (0,5 % dan 1 %) dan modifikasi konsentrasi yeast extract (0,1 %; 0,5 % dan 1 %). Peningkatan konsentrasi yeast extract memperpanjang waktu propagasi bakteri A. baumanni dan memperlambat awal produksi inhibitor. Peningkatan konsentrasi pepton cenderung menghasilkan pertumbuhan yang lebih baik. Aktivitas penghambatan inhibitor protease tertinggi terjadi pada media dengan kombinasi konsentrasi peptone dan yeast extract masingmasing 0,5 %.
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Judul: Pengaruh pH dan NaCl terhadap produksi inhibitor protease Escherichia coli dari Acinetobacter baumanii (bakteri yang bersimbiosis dengan sponge)
Abstrak: Protease adalah enzim yang dapat menghidrolisa ikatan peptida dan protein. Protease banyak diaplikasikan sebagai katalisator hayati khususnya dalam bidang industri pangan, deterjen dan kulit. Walazpm ?emiki~n protease yang dihasilkan bakteri patogen dapat digunakan sebagai target senyawa obat bagi penyakit-penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri dan virus seperti kanker;.mor, malalia, SARS, dan juga penyakit degeneratif Alzheimer. Inhibitor alamiah protease diketahui tersebar luas pada makhluk hidup, dan dapat diproduksi dari - mikroorganis~e. Penelitian lebih lanjut menunjukkan telah banyak inhibitor protease yang berhasil diisolasi dari mikroba dan digunakan untuk mempelajari mekanisme enzimatik d& aktivitas farmakologis. Namun belum dilakukan penelitian untuk meningkatkan a k t ~ t a sin hibitor protease tersebut. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan variasi pH dan NaCl pada medium sehhgga diarapkan aktivitas inhibitor ini dapat menghambat protease secara optimal. Adapun bakteri yang digunakan adalah Acinetobacter baumannii.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite