Judul: Evaluasi Kawasan Lindung Berdasarkan Rencana Tata Ruang Kabupaten Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat (Aplikasi Sistem Informasi Geografis)
Abstrak: Cianjur Regency is a potential area for economic growth. The higher rate of population growth resulted in land use and conversion into residential areas. It encouraged the local officer to carry out an appropriate and environmental friendly regional and spatial planning. Evaluation of protected areas which based on spatial planning was emphasized on the suitability of protected area allocation in the field. Monitoring of protected areas and spatial planning areas required continuous data. The use of Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing were one of the ways to get the data. The study was aimed to evaluate protected area based on spatial planning Cianjur Regency period 2005-2015 Landsat Image-5 TM 2007, digital map of spatial planning of Cianjur Regency period 2005-2015, base map, and population data were used in this study. Data tabulation included spatial and attribute data tabulation. The activity that conducted in the field was interview, observation, and ground truth. Data analysis was based on the results of overlay between land cover maps and digital maps of spatial planning. Deviations occurred were analyzed by using the percentage of deviation. The evaluation of protected areas showed that there compared to deviation into actual land cover of 41,578.92 hectare or 32.89%. This deviation happened from protected areas into plantation land cover classes, garden mix, agricultural land, bush, land up, and open land. The deviation of utilization in cultivate area of 65,618.73 hectare or 30.33%. Recommendations of the deviations occurred according to existing conditions in the field and policy-related spatial planning of Cianjur Regency. As recommendation, an institution that responsible in controlling and maintaining protected areas was needed to make sure good implementation of spatial planning. It was also needed to do land rehabilitation in protected land where degradation happened and relocation of people.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pemodelan Penggunaan Lahan untuk Permukiman di Kabupaten Cianjur
Abstrak: Cianjur regency is one of many regencies affected by the expansion of Jakarta and Bandung Metropolitan. Consequently, people are migrating to the cities caused an increasing population. It leads to experiencing uncontrolled advancement and arising problems. One of them is the raising land demand for settlement development, but the land is limited. Therefore, there is a need to address these particularities. This research aimed to model land utilization for settlement. To achieve the main aim, three specific objectives have arisen. First is identified land suitability for settlement. Second, delineated land availability for settlement. Third, allocated land for settlement based on demand. The methodology used is Multi-criteria evaluation (MCE) and geographical information system (GIS). They were collaborated to define the suitability class for settlement. The analytical hierarchy process (AHP) sets the criteria's weight using a pairwise comparison matrix. Overlapping the Land-use existing, Spatial plan or in Bahasa is Rencana Tata Ruang Wilayah (RTRW) and Sustainable food farm or in Bahasa is Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan (LP2B) were carried out to delineate the land available for settlement in 2030. In the end, a priority matrix has been built for allocating the demand of settlement. Two critical variables were considered in this stage: land suitability class and distance from the activity center. The AHP result showed that the most crucial consideration to define the land suitability class for settlement in Cianjur regency came from the disaster consideration. There are landslide and flood-risk. When the preferences between developers, academics, and government are separated, a different result is found. Developers think that the essential criterion is the accessibility consideration, especially distance to the nearest road. Meanwhile, academics and governments think that disaster consideration is the most important. Suitability classes for settlement in Cianjur Regency are: highly suitable (S1) 36%, suitable (S2) 7%, marginally suitable (S3) 44%, and not suitable (N) 14%. The land availability for settlement development decreases after implementing the Spatial plan and Sustainable food farm regulations. Land availability for settlement of Cianjur regency in 2030 is only 81 km2 or 2% of the total area. Allocation of the land demand for settlement focuses on two sub-districts in Cianjur regency: Sukaresmi and Agrabinta sub-districts. These two are representative of each cluster of the region. Sukaresmi presented Northern Cianjur, and Agrabinta presented the Southern of Cianjur. Allocation for settlement in 2030 in Sukaresmi will utilize the land with Priority one, Priority two, and Priority three for Business as usual (BAU), tradition protection, Market forces, and Horizontal expansion scenario. For Vertical expansion, it will utilize the land with Priority one and Priority two. The allocation of land demand for settlement in Agrabinta under Business, as usual, Market forces, and Horizontal expansion will use land with Priority one, two, and three. The Tradition protection will utilize land with Priority one and two, while the Vertical expansion scenario will only utilize the land with Priority one. This study gave an overview of the land suitability, availability, and the projected land for allocating the land for settlement based on five different scenarios. The marginally suitable class for settlement dominates Cianjur regency.
Keyword: land availability, land demand, land suitability, MCE, settlement

Judul: Sintesis Lipida Kaya 1,3-Dioleoyl-2-Palmitoyl-Glycerol (OPO) dari Hard Palm Stearin
Abstrak: Human milk fat (HMF) merupakan lemak yang terkandung pada air susu ibu, yang mengandung 20–30% asam palmitat, dimana 60–70% asam palmitat terdistribusi pada posisi stereospesific number (sn)-2 dalam struktur triasilgliserol (TAG). Human milk fat substitute (HMFS) merupakan lipida terstruktur menyerupai HMF, yang disintesis melalui interesterifikasi enzimatis minyak atau lemak. Karakter utama HMFS adalah asam palmitat terletak pada posisi sn-2 dan asam lemak tak jenuh terletak pada posisi sn-1,3. HMFS yang umum disintesis adalah 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol (OPO), yang merupakan TAG utama pada HMF. TAG tersebut bermanfaat untuk bayi karena dapat membantu penyerapan lemak dan kalsium secara efektif. Hard palm stearin (HPS) merupakan fraksi padat hasil fraksinasi palm stearin (PS), yang secara alami mengandung asam palmitat dan tripalmitin (PPP) tinggi. Selain memiliki jumlah PPP yang tinggi, HPS juga mengandung TAG dengan asam oleat pada posisi sn-2. TAG dengan asam oleat pada posisi sn-2 diasidolisis dengan asam oleat menggunakan lipase spesifik sn-1,3 akan menghasilkan triolein (OOO), yang bukan produk target dalam sintesis HMFS. Oleh karena itu, rute sintesis HMFS menggunakan HPS harus dimulai dengan peningkatan fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2. Kemudian, asam lemak pada posisi sn-1,3 dari fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 HPS diganti dengan donor asil tertentu seperti asil oleat melalui asidolisis atau transesterifikasi. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah mensintesis lipida kaya OPO berbahan baku HPS. Tujuan umum tersebut dicapai dengan beberapa tahapan penelitian antara lain: (1) peningkatan fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 HPS melalui fraksinasi aseton dan interesterifikasi enzimatis menggunakan donor palmitat, seperti asam palmitat atau etil palmitat dalam sistem bebas pelarut; (2) penentuan kondisi reaksi optimum pada sintesis OPO melalui transesterifikasi enzimatis antara fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 dari HPS dan etil oleat dalam sistem bebas pelarut; dan (3) peningkatan lipida kaya OPO melalui fraksinasi produk transesterifikasi enzimatis antara fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 dari HPS dan etil oleat. Disertasi ini disusun secara sistematik sesuai tahapan penelitian. Pada bagian awal mengulas sintesis HMFS secara komprehensif. Pada bagian kedua, fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 dari HPS ditingkatkan melalui fraksinasi aseton HPS. Pada bagian ketiga, fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 ditingkatkan melalui asidolisis HPS dengan asam palmitat atau transesterifikasi HPS dengan etil palmitat. Pada bagian keempat, sintesis OPO dilakukan melalui transesterifikasi antara fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 dari HPS dan etil oleat. Pada bagian terakhir, produk transesterifikasi antara fraksi lipida yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 dari HPS dan etil oleat difraksinasi untuk meningkatkan lipida kaya OPO. Pada fraksinasi aseton HPS diperoleh fraksi padat yang kaya TAG dengan asam palmitat pada posisi sn-2 (PPP dan PPS) yang meningkat. Peningkatan rasio aseton terhadap HPS dan suhu fraksinasi meningkatkan kadar PPP+PPS namun menurunkan rendemen PPP+PPS. Kondisi fraksinasi optimum untuk menghasilkan lipida kaya PPP+PPS adalah pada rasio HPS terhadap aseton 1:5 (g/ml) dan suhu fraksinasi 30 °C selama 3 jam. Pada kondisi tersebut, lipida yang diperoleh
Keyword: acidolysis, fractionation, hard palm stearin, human milk fat substitute, transesterification