Judul: Kajian Aplikasi HACCP pada Proses Produksi Ayam Goreng di Salah Satu Restoran Cepat Saji di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Nowadays, people face so many problems in food sector, for example in 2004 and 2005. 60% of 41 and 72.20% of 53 cases of the disease in Indonesia are foodborne illness cases. Those cases made industry and restaurant which serve fastfood products have to concern more and more about the food safety of their food products due to their short time preparation process. HACCP system is the most appropiate system in order to help fastfood restaurants to produce food products that save to be consumed. The objective of this research were to analyze the application of HACCP system on fried chicken production process. This study conducted in February and March 2011 at one of fast food restaurant in Bogor in a way directly involved in production process, interview with stakeholders, and related data collection. Restaurant has applied the principles of GMP and SSOP well, as the pre-requisite program of HACCP, but still needs to be improved. The result of the seven principles of HACCP also denoted that frying process is expressed as the CCP. Maximum frying capacity is used as an indicator for determinating critical limits, monitoring, and correcting. Assistant of restaurant manager, which is responsible for the entire restaurant activities, should give more attention to the frying process.
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Judul: Evaluasi Penerapan GMP dan SSOP Produksi Ayam Goreng di Salah Satu Restoran Cepat Saji Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Consumption trend has moved increase toward ready to eat food, and one of them is fried chicken product. During processing, poultry meat may be contaminated with many different foodborne pathogens. Implementation of Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) can keep safety condition during the process. The main emphasis of GMP is food plant sanitation. In fact, product that was not appropriate the quality standards can not be sold to consumers. The objective of the research were to analysis the application of GMP and sanitation standard operating procedures (SSOP) on fried chicken production processing unit. This study had done on February-March 2011 with involved production process controlling, interviewed the managers and employee, collecting data and field observed. The result of GMP study, in accordance with Ministry of Health of Republic Indonesia 715/MENKES- /SK/V/2003, got the scores 78 from the maximum value 83. There was caused by several factors like location behind the restaurant, air conditioning systems and personal hygiene of employees. Monitoring of the implementation of GMP and SSOP were done by the manager on duty and periodic surveillance performed by the corporate center.
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Judul: Merremia dennstedt ex endlicher (Convolvulaceae) in Sumatra.
Abstrak: Merremia is a small genus in the family Convolvulaceae. Merremia is a perennial or annual herb or woody liana with stems creeping or twinning on trees or rocks, put out milky white sap when injured and some species with tubers. Merremia is often confused with genus Ipomoea, due to they have resemblance in funnel shaped or campanulate corolla and straight anther. Phenetically, some members of Merremia have yellow flower whereas Ipomoea has white, purple or purplish white. Merremia is also confused with Operculina due both have non-spinulose pollen and dehiscent capsule. Nevertheless, Operculina characterized by circumciselli capsule and Merremia characterized by valve capsule. The important character in Merremia is the spread of the hairs on corolla that can be easily observed at the mature flower bud. The genus Merremia is found in the tropical regions of both hemispheres. Merremia wildly distributed throughout the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and approximately there were 80 species of Merremia in the world. A Total of 175 sheets (164 collection numbers) which are deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense, 97 sheets (95 collection numbers) which are deposited Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and 9 sheets (4 collection numbers) which are deposited in BIOTROP Herbarium (BIOT) were studied. It composed of all specimens of Merremia in Sumatra. Additional specimens were collected by the author 28 sheets (15 collection numbers) from North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Lampung, which are stored in BO and BIOT. The digital data that consist of type specimens and distributions of species from JSTOR Plant Science and Convolvulaceae Unlimited were also used here. All the hebarium specimens were studied based on their morphological characters following de Vogel (1987) and Rifai (1976). The terminology of morphological characters followed Lawrence (1955), Veldkamp (1987), Harris and Harris (1994), Hickey and King (2005) and Stearn (1983). Information on the habitat, ecology, distribution, vernacular names and uses were noted from the specimens label and literatures. Taxonomic studies in Sumatra were conducted. There are eight species, one subspecies, one varietas and two forma from nine previously species (M. cissoides, M. dissecta, M. emarginata, M. hirta, M. peltata, M. quinquefolia, M. tridentata, M. tuberosa and M. vitifolia), two subspecies (M. umbellata ssp. orientalis and M. tridentata ssp. hastata), one varietas (M. boisiana var. sumatrana) and two forma (M. hederacea f. pubescens and M. hederacea f. barbata) can be recognized. One species (M. tridentata) and subspecies (M. tridentata ssp. hastata) are excluded because they have been proposed to different new taxa Xenostegia by Austin and Staples. The existence of M. emarginata was noted as new record in Sumatra and M. cissoides was noted as new record in Indonesia. A phylogenetic analysis using PAUP*4.Ob10 was undertaken based on morphological characters, using Evolvulus nummularius and Porana volubis as the out group. The phylogenetic analysis used 35 morphological characters was resulted consistency index (CI) = 0.60, homoplasy index (HI) = 0.40, retention index (RI) = 0.56 and Rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.34. Phylogenetic tree used morphological characters divided taxa into two groups. The separation support M. boisiana var. sumatrana, M. cissoides, M.
Keyword: Convolvulaceae, Merremia, morphology, phylogenetic, Sumatra