Judul: Examination of Land Degradation based on Erosion Potential using Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (A Study Case of Bandung Regency, West Java, Indonesia)
Abstrak: Soil erosion is a serious environmental problem in the world. With the generally high erosion rate in many parts of the world, efforts should be directed towards curtailing its hazard. This requires quantitative data to identify critical areas where urgent conservation is needed. Traditional approaches based on runoff plots are expensive, time consuming and generate point-based data. A comparative study was conducted to estimate soil loss under landscapes, major land uses and slope gradients in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. The soil erosion model, i.e. the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE) was applied in GIS and remote sensing (RS) environment. GIS based spatial analysis model is used to answer questions about what exists now or exists at some points in the past. Perhaps most importantly, it can be used to predict what will happen or has happened in another location or at another point in a certain time. A GIS provides these capabilities by means of its spatial analysis function. Erosion that is caused by rain and human’s activities can be assessed with the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation in ton/hectare/year units based on soil loss rate of a certain area. RUSLE involves erosivity from rain, erodibility from soil properties, slope conditions, land conservation, and cultivation system factors on a land. The classification of land cover in study area was conductive by using Landsat satellite image of different years, i.e.1989, 1993, 1998 and 2003. Changes in land use/ cover was led to increase the rate of erosion by water in the Bandung regency which could be concluded from the statistical analysis of the annual result from RUSLE. The potential eroded area by districts in the study area can be examined. Human factor, land use and cover change, is the most dominant factor in RUSLE equation for prediction of land degradation was shown in the sensitivity analysis of land use/cover change by years. According to the outcome of this research, deforestation and the agricultural practice for vegetable farming in the study area were causing problems of land degradation. Intensification of agriculture area and residential area are major factors of land degradation in the study area. Finally, this research can be concluded that 1825 hectare of land in the Bandung regency is continuously suffered high and very high erosion in four different period of land cover type. That area need to be recognized as “rehabilitant area” and must be maintained with the way of high soil conservation practice. The forested area which located more than 40 percent slope gradient in the study area is needed to be identified as highly value conservative forest area. Erosion must be noticed in a land degradation management and RUSLE can help farmers not only to assess erosions on their lands but also to policy maker for implementing the land use planning.
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Judul: Pendugaan Tingkat Bahaya Erosi Untuk Optimalisasi Penggunaan Lahan Studi Kasus Di Desa Lamajang, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Das Citarum Hulu
Abstrak: Erosion is a major cause of land degradation that lead to critical land formation. Erosion is influenced by several factor, such as : climate, soil erodibility, topograhy, land use, and conservation techniques. Among those five factors the first three factors are factors difficult to change. Therefore, erosion prevention efforts to reduce land degradation generaly focused on the regulation of land use and conservation techniques (land use optimization). Land use optimization was done by allocating any land use for a proper land use in such a way that land degradation can be prevented, i.e land use that produce erosion less than tolerable erosion. Therefore, prediction of actual and potential soil erosion as well as tolerable soil erosion level to determine erosion hazard is necessary. The method used is Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) which is a common method used to calculate the erosion rate. The advantages of this method are easy to apply and compatible in areas which have a rainfall and surface runoff as the main factors that causing erosion. The aim of this research is to produce a new scheme of land use based on the level of erosion hazard in order to obtain a sustainable agriculture (optimal allocation of land use) in the Lamajang Village, Sub-district Pangalengan, District of Bandung, West Java. This research includes: field observations, determination of rainfall erosivity, soil erodibility, topography, land use, land conservation techniques, and erosion hazard index. Based on data evaluation and interpretation, 7 land units are found in studied area with erosion rates ranging from low to very high. Land units with erosion hazard greater than tolerance level require land optimization. Optimization of land use activities should include the aspects of erosion, social, cultural, and economic, so make it easy to be accepted and applied for local communities The results of this study showed that erosion hazard in the studied area is very high due to high rainfall and steep slopes. Since actual soil erosion higher than tolerable level it is necessary to optimize the land use. The method of land use optimization suggested for the study area is “Good Terrace”. On areas with slope steepness higher than 60% Agroforestry system is proposed. This Agroforestry system compose of pine as high canopy, coffe or quinine as medium canopy, and chili or tomato as lower canopy (basal cover), that are planted follow contour.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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