Judul: Konsumsi Minuman Beroksigen dan Dampaknya terhadap Performa saat Berolahraga, Profil Lipid, Glukosa Darah dan SGOT/SGPT
Abstrak: Exercise requires more energy (ATP) than normal activities. Oxygen consumption increases, while lung capacity is limited. It causes anaerobic respiration which produces lactic acid that reduces exercise performance. The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of short-term and long-term drinking of oxygenated water on the exercise performance and oxygen saturation (SpO2), lipid profile (cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL) and blood glucose, as well as an influence on liver (AST/ALT). This study included (1) ethical clearance submission, (2) selection of potential respondents, (3) socialization and informed consent, (4) short-term experiment, (5) long-term trials, and (6) data processing. Recruitment of respondents was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria and medical check up. In the socialization, the right way of drinking samples was introduced. In the short-term and after long term experiments, twelve male student volunteers drank oxygenated water (50, 80 and 130 ppm) and normal water, 15 minutes before treadmill (10 Kmh) in Somatokinetika Laboratory of Jakarta State University. SpO2 was measured before and after treadmill, and 0, 5, 10, 15 minutes after drinking. In the long-term, seventeen male student volunteers drank oxygenated water (100 ppm) for 21 days and lipid profile, blood glucose, and AST/ALT were analyzed. Before and after intervention, blood plasma was used to measure the parameters in the Laboratory Clinic of dr Katili. Cholesterol, triglycerides, and blood glucose analysis used enzymatic colorymetry method, while HDL analysis used enzymatic colorymetry and precipitation method. LDL was calculated by Friedewald equation and AST/ALT analysis used kinetic method. Oxygenated water had no effect on SpO2 and exercise performance. Interestingly the average of VO2 max and time to fatigue of those drank oxygenated water were higher than those drank normal water. VO2 max (mL/Kg/menit) increased from 45.87 (normal water) to48.89 (50 ppm), 48.03 (80 ppm), 47.40 (130 ppm), and 48.76 (long-term). Time to fatigue was be reached 10.34 minutes (normal water), 11.18 minutes (50 ppm), 11.27 menit (80 ppm), 130 ppm (10.93 minutes) and 11.60 minutes (long-term). Long-term effects also showed the improvements of cholesterol (168.12 to 114.53 mg/dL), LDL (103.94 to 54.41 mg/dL) and the ratio of cholesterol : HDL, however they were also influenced by diet and intensity of activity. HDL, triglycerides, and blood glucose was not affected by oxygenated water and had no harmful effect on the liver.
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Judul: The effect of oxygenated water on exercise performance, CD4, CD8, CD56, IL-6 and malonaldehyde content.
Abstrak: Oxygen is an essential substance for human life, as well as water and food. Oxygen is available in the air and can be enjoyed for free. However, many people have problems in obtaining sufficient oxygen. Exercise requires more oxygen and cannot be fully obtained by respiration. Limited supply of oxygen result energy will not be sufficient to exercise in the long term and the buildup of lactic acid in the muscles will cause weariness and further degrade the performance and achievements of athlete. Oxygen is needed by normal cells in the body, including immune cells. Within the immune system, there are several kind of cells that maintain the body's defenses: CD4, CD8, CD56 and IL-56. CD4 protein is a marker protein of Th cells (T helper), CD8 protein is a protein marker of Tc cells (T cytotoxyc), CD 56 protein is a protein marker of Natural Killer cells (NK), and IL-6 is a cytokine produced by muscle cells. In response to muscle contraction from activity or exercise. The oxygen requirements promote scientists and industry to create an alternative oxygen supply in the body through drinking water. This study aimed to determine the effect of oxygenated water consumption to lactate levels, energy expenditure, CD4 , CD8 , CD56 and IL-6 protein content. In addition, to study the consumer safety based on malonaldehyde levels. The study was conducted by recruiting subjects from IPB student who likes to exercise. Selected subject population numbered 17 IPB students who active exercise, ie exercise regularly at least 20-30 minutes per day, three times a week or the equivalent. The sports are futsal (47.06%), badminton (29.41%), table tennis (5.88%), cycling (5.88%), martial arts (5.88%) and jogging (5.88%). Respondents consisted of men between the ages of 20-27 years, S1 students (76.47%) and S2 students (23:53%). Before the intervention, medical check prior to each respondent. Respondents were selected are students who are otherwise healthy based on the results of medical checked by a physician at the Clinic Dr. Katili, Dramaga. Furthermore socialization. In socialization explanation is given as oxygenated water, benefits¸ correct way of consumption, stage of research to be conducted and signing the informed consent (letter of agreement) for respondents who are willing to join the study. In short-term, twelve male student volunteers drank 385 ml oxygenated water (50, 80 and 130 ppm) or mineral water, 15 minutes before treadmill and after treadmill (10 Kmh). The lactic acid concentration was measured before and after treadmill, and 5 minutes after the reconsumption of the oxygenated water. In long-term, seventeen male student volunteers drank oxygenated water twice a day (100 ppm) for 21 days. The blood plasma and lymphocyte sampled before and after intervention were analyzed according to the parameters. Consumption of oxygenated water can lower lactate levels after exercise more than mineral water, and generate higher energy expenditure than mineral water in the short term, but statistic test results show that there is no significant difference between two groups (p>0.5). In the long-term intervention for 21 days showed that oxygenated water can increased levels of CD4 and CD8 content, statistic test
Keyword: exercise performance, immune system, malonaldehyde, oxygenated water

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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