Judul: Effect of Different Salinity on Physiological  Response and Growth of Bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus)
Abstrak: Salah satu faktor lingkungan yang dapat memengaruhi perkembangan benih ikan air tawar adalah tekanan osmotik media yang dinyatakan dalam bentuk parameter salinitas, karena salinitas berpengaruh terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan benih ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek salinitas terhadap respon fisiologis, kelangsungan hidup dan pertumbuhan benih ikan nilem (Osteochilus vittatus). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan berupa rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan pada setiap perlakuan salinitas yang berbeda, yaitu 0 ppt, 2 ppt, 4 ppt, 6 ppt, dan 8 ppt. Penelitian ini menggunakan benih ikan nilem berukuran 5,43±0,01 cm dan 1,89±0,02 g. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa salinitas 0 sampai dengan 8 ppt dapat ditoleransi oleh benih ikan nilem dan berpengaruh terhadap parameter pertumbuhan. Selama waktu pemeliharaan, diperoleh perlakuan terbaik yaitu pada salinitas 4 ppt dengan pertumbuhan bobot mutlak sebesar 0,90 g, pertumbuhan panjang mutlak sebesar 0,68 cm, tingkat pertumbuhan spesifik sebesar 1,79%, dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 100%. Salinitas media di atas 4 ppt mengakibatkan ikan mengalami stres yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya kadar kortisol., One of the environmental factors that can affect the development of freshwater fish seeds is the osmotic pressure of the media which is expressed in the form of a salinity parameter, because salinity affects the survival and growth of fish seeds. This study aims to analyze the effect of salinity on physiological responses, survival and growth of Bonylip barb (Osteochilus vittatus) seeds. The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications for each different salinity treatment, namely 0 ppt, 2 ppt, 4 ppt, 6 ppt, and 8 ppt. This study used Bonylip barb seeds measuring 5.43 ± 0.01 cm and 1.89 ± 0.02 g. The results of this study indicate that a salinity of 0 to 8 ppt can be tolerated by Bonylip barb seeds and affects growth parameters. During the maintenance period, the best treatment was obtained at 4 ppt of salinity with an absolute weight growth of 0.90 g, an absolute length growth of 0.68 cm, a specific growth rate of 1.79%, and a survival rate of 100%. Media salinity above 4 ppt causes fish to experience stress as indicated by increased cortisol levels.
Keyword: cortisol, glucose, Osteochilus vittatus, growth, salinity

Judul: Efek Salinitas Berbeda terhadap Respon Fisiologis Benih Ikan Tengadak (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii Bleeker, 1854)
Abstrak: Ikan tengadak (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) merupakan salah satu ikan air tawar asli Indonesia yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Domestikasi ikan tengadak penting dilakukan untuk tetap menjaga kelestariannya. Dalam domestikasi ikan, salinitas merupakan salah satu parameter yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh salinitas terhadap kondisi fisiologis benih ikan tengadak (B. schwanenfeldii). Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Juni hingga Oktober 2021 di Instalasi Riset Plasma Nutfah Perikanan Air Tawar, Kabupaten Bogor. Ikan tengadak diberi perlakuan salinitas 0, 3, 6, 9, dan 12 ppt dan dilakukan pengamatan selama 21 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan salinitas dari 0 ppt mengakibatkan meningkatnya parameter lingkungan (konduktivitas dan alkalinitas), meningkatkan kadar kortisol, dan menurunkan tingkat konsumsi pakan, sintasan, dan laju pertumbuhan benih ikan tengadak. Nilai kortisol dan glukosa paling tinggi pada perlakuan 6 dan 12 ppt. Kelangsungan hidup ikan tengadak paling tinggi terjadi pada perlakuan 0 dan 3 ppt. Benih ikan tengadak memiliki kisaran toleransi yang sempit terhadap salinitas (0-3 ppt). Benih ikan yang dipelihara pada salinitas di atas 3 ppt akan mengalami stres yang terlihat dari tingginya kadar kortisol dan glukosa darah., Tinfoil barb (Barbonymus schwanenfeldii) is one of the freshwater fish native to Indonesia that has high economic value. Domestication is an important method for the sustainable use of fish species. In fish domestication, salinity is one of the parameters that affect the growth and survival rate of fish. This study aims to analyze the effect of salinity on physiological conditions of tinfoil barb (B. schwanenfeldii) juveniles. The research was conducted from June to October 2021 at the Research Station for Freshwater Fisheries Germplasm, Cijeruk, Bogor. Tinfoil barb juveniles were treated with different salinities including 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 ppt and observed for 21 days experiment. The research results showed that an increase in salinity from 0 ppt resulted in an increase in environmental parameters (conductivity and alkalinity), increased cortisol levels, and decreased feed consumption, survival rate, and growth rate of tinfoil barb. The highest cortisol and glucose levels occurred in the 12 ppt and 6 ppt treatments. The highest survival rate of tinfoil barb was observed in the treatment of 0 and 3 ppt. This research indicates that the juveniles of tinfoil barb show a narrow tolerant range on salinity (0-3 ppt). The fish fry reared at salinity above 3 ppt experienced stress conditions which can be detected by the high levels of cortisol and blood glucose.
Keyword: domestication, physiological, salinity, tinfoil barb

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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