Judul: The effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zinc (Zn) and vitamin E on fertility of male rats as animal model, Pengaruh pemberian tepung kedelai kaya isoflavon, seng dan vitamin E terhadap fertilitas tikus jantan sebagai hewan model
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate the effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour, zinc (Zn) and vitamin E on fertility of male rats, (2) evaluate the effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour with different levels of isoflavone on fertility of male rats. Prior the in vivo experiment, isoflavone-riched soybean flour was defatted using n-hexane. Quantitative analysis of isoflavone on the defatted-soybean flour was conducted by HPLC, while antioxidant activity on the defatted-soybean flour was conducted by DPPH method. Total isoflavone on the defatted-soybean flour (TKI-RL) was considered as the basic concentration that used to calculate isoflavone dosages for the in vivo experiment. Male and female weaning Sprague Dawley rats (21 days old) were used as the animal model in the experiment. On the 1st stage of the experiment, the male rats were given basic diets containing isonitrogen and isocalories with 15% of dietary protein from casein. Thirty male Sprague Dawley weaning rats (21 days old) were divided into six groups and treated with isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E in different combination. Isoflavone-riched soybean flour (3mg/day) was given by oral administration, whereas Zn and vitamin E were mixed with the basic diet. The treatment was conducted for 2 month. On the other hand, thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were only given the basic diets containing 15% of dietary protein from casein to observe the fertility of male rats. After 2 months, both male and female rats were mixed (1:1). Vagina swabs on the female rats were taken every morning to evaluate the conception rate and to detect spermatozoa by Giemsa dyes. Once the spermatozoa detected on the female rats (the 1st day of pregnancy, D1), the male rats were sacrificed by dislocation of cervical bones (dislocasio cervicalis), then all the parameters were tested. On the day 15th of pregnancy, the female rats were sacrificed (D15), the conception rates and total fetus were counted.
Keyword: sprague dawley rats, isonitrogen and isocalories, dietary protein, conception rates, total fetus

Judul: Efek Pakan Mengandung Isoflavon Kedelai terhadap Bobot Badan dan Kadar Androgen Serum Tikus Jantan
Abstrak: Isoflavone is a phytoestrogen. It can trigger both of estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. Soybean was known as main source of isoflavone. It was suspected that soybean isovlavone had an antiestrogenic effect against body weight and androgen level of male rats. The objective of this research was to examine the influence of soybean isoflavone feeding against the body weight and androgen level of Sprague-Dawley male rats. Twenty eight rats were divided into seven groups which consist of one negative control group and six experimental groups (three groups were given soybean powder feedings (K1, K2, and K3) and three groups on soybean isolate feedings (I1, I2, and I3). The examined parameters were body weight, feeding consumption-efficiency, feces weight, and serum androgen levels (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone). The result showed that K2, K3, I1, I2, and I3 feeding increased body weight of male rats, whereas K1 feeding decreased them. The isoflavones used in this research has significantly reduced (p<0.05) androgen testosterone serum level. The highest reduction average percentage was on group K2 (95.11%), whiles the lowest percentage, on the other hand (16.24%) was observed on the group of I2 feeding. However, each soybean isoflavone-containing feed has insignificantly increased (p>0.05) androgen dihydrotestosterone. The highest average percentage of this increase was seen at the group of K2 feeding (325.44%), while the lowest one was on group of K1 feeding (175.05%).
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf