Judul: Rice Yield Loss at Harvesting to Threshing Stages in Darma  District, Kuningan Regency, West Java
Abstrak: Padi merupakan komoditas yang penting karena sebagai sumber utama pemenuhan kebutuhan energi. Kehilangan hasil yang disebabkan oleh teknis penanganan panen dan pascapanen yang tidak tepat dapat mengurangi hasil produksi padi dan menyebabkan kerugian besar bagi petani. Analisis kehilangan hasil padi perlu dilakukan untuk menekan kehilangan hasil. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kehilangan hasil dari tahapan pemanenan hingga perontokan di Kecamatan Darma, Kabupaten Kuningan. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari 2024 di lahan sawah yang berada di Desa Darma dan Desa Karanganyar, Kecamatan Darma, Kabupaten Kuningan. Pengukuran kehilangan hasil padi dilakukan dengan membandingkan produksi gabah yang diperoleh antara petak kontrol dengan petak perlakuan. Petak kontrol berukuran 2,5 m x 2,5 m sebanyak lima petak yang terletak di dalam petak perlakuan yang berukuran 25 m x 25 m. Pemanenan hingga perontokan padi pada petak kontrol dilakukan secara teliti dan hati-hati untuk menghindari kehilangan hasil. Pemanenan hingga perontokan padi pada petak perlakuan dilakukan sesuai dengan metode dan kebiasaan petani setempat. Kehilangan hasil padi di Kecamatan Darma sebesar 4,88% lebih rendah dan berbeda nyata dengan kehilangan hasil padi nasional tahun 2014 sebesar 16,47%. Kehilangan hasil padi di Desa Darma sebesar 3,49% lebih rendah dan berbeda nyata dengan kehilangan hasil padi di Desa Karanganyar sebesar 6,29%., Rice is an important commodity because it is the main source of meeting energy needs. Yield losses caused by improper harvest and post-harvest handling techniques can reduce rice production and cause huge losses for farmers. Analysis of rice yield loss needs to be done to reduce yield loss. This research aims to analyze yield loss from harvesting to threshing stages in Darma District, Kuningan Regency. The research was conducted in January 2024 in paddy fields located in Darma Village and Karanganyar Village, Darma District, Kuningan Regency. Measurement of rice yield loss was carried out by comparing grain production obtained between control plots and treatment plots. The control plots were 2.5 m x 2.5 m in size as many as five plots located inside the treatment plots which were 25 m x 25 m in size. Harvesting to threshing of rice in the control plots was done carefully and cautiously to avoid yield loss. Harvesting to threshing of rice in the treatment plots was done according to the methods and habits of local farmers. Rice yield loss in Darma Sub-district of 4.88% was lower and significantly different from the national rice yield loss in 2014 of 16.47%. Rice yield loss in Darma Village was 3.49% lower and significantly different from rice yield loss in Karanganyar Village at 6.29%.
Keyword: Ciherang, pascapanen, Intani

Judul: Analysis of Rice Farming Income and Technical Efficiency (Case Study of Warungkondang Sub-District, Cianjur Regency and Cibungbulang, Bogor Regency)
Abstrak: Kecamatan Warungkondang dan Cibungbulang memiliki potensi lahan yang luas untuk ditanami padi, namun produksi padi rendah. Peningkatan produksi padi menjadi hal yang sangat penting mengingat pertumbuhan penduduk meningkat setiap tahun sehingga kebutuhan terhadap padi sebagai sumber pangan meningkat. Jumlah produksi yang lebih banyak akan meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Produksi padi yang tinggi belum tentu menunjukkan proses produksi yang efisien. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk: (1) menganalisis pedapatan usahatani padi, (2) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi padi, dan (3) menganalisis efisiensi teknis usahatani padi di Kecamatan Warungkodang dan Cibungbulang. Pendapatan usahatani padi akan dianalisis menggunakan analisis penndapatan dan R/C Ratio. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi padi akan dianalisis dengan analisis linear berganda. Efisiensi teknis usahatani padi akan dianaisis menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Analysis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa R/C ratio petani Kecamatan Warungkondang dengan luas lahan sempit dan luas adalah 1,20 dan 1,30 dan petani padi Kecamatan Cibungbulang yang memiliki lahan sempit dan luas memiliki nilai R/C ratio adalah 1,10 dan 1,12. Pada kedua kecamatan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi usahatani adalah jumlah benih dan tenaga kerja. Kecamatan Warungkondang dan Cibungbulang memiliki nilai efisiensi teknis sebesar 0,86 dan 0,65. Faktor inefisiensi Kecamatan Warungkondang adalah pendidikan petani dan pada Kecamatan Cibungbulang adalah pedidikan dan tanggungan keluarga., Warungkondang and Cibungbulang Sub-District have potentially spacious land to be planted by rice, however their rice production are low. Increasing rice production become important considering there’s increasing population every year. Efficient rice farmers will produce more rice than others who don’t efficient. That is why the purposes of this study are: (1) to analyze income of rice farming, (2) to identify the factors that influence the production of rice, (3) to analyze the technical efficiency of rice farming in Warungkondang and Cibungbulang Sub-District. The method for income analysis is R/C ratio. The factors that influence rice production will be analyzied with Ordinary Least Square. Technical efficiency will be analyzed with Stochastic Frontier Analysis. The results of this study showed that rice farmers of Warungkondang Sub-District with narrow land and wide land R/C ratio are 1,20 and 1,30 and rice farmers of Cibungbulang Sub-District with land narrow wide R/C ratio are 1,10 and 1,12. The factors that influence rice production in both SubDistrict are seed and labor. Warungkondang and Cibungbulang Sub-District efficiency values are 0,86 and 0,65. Factors that influence technical inefficiency in Warungkondang Sub-District are farmers’ education and for Cibungbulang SubDistrict are farmers’ education and family members.
Keyword: ordinary least square, productivity factors, inefficiency, R/C ratio, Stochastic Frontier Analysis

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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