Judul: Neurogenesis and Memory Learning Ability of Mice (Mus musculus) after Geraniol Treatment
Abstrak: Kemampuan pembelajaran memori dipengaruhi oleh neurogenesis. Potensi terjadinya neurogenesis dapat ditingkatkan dengan pemberian senyawa aktif dari salah satu tanaman. Serai (Cymbopogon citratus) memiliki komponen minyak esensial geraniol yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai terapeutik neuropati dan agen terapi potensial penyakit Parkinson. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji pengaruh geraniol pada serai terhadap kinerja memori dan neurogenesis pada hipokampus. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pemberian geraniol secara oral selama 30 hari pada 3 kelompok perlakuan dengan masing-masing kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ekor mencit (Mus musculus) jantan galur DDY. Kelompok satu (kontrol) diberikan saline 0,9%, kelompok dua diberi geraniol dengan dosis 100 mg/kg BB, kelompok tiga diberi geraniol dengan dosis 200 mg/kg BB. Analisis kinerja memori menggunakan metode Y-maze alternation test dan Novel object recognition test. Otak mencit diambil kemudian dilakukan pembuatan preparat histologi untuk mengamati Neural Progenitor Cell (NPC), sel granular, dan sel apoptosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah persentase sel NPC dan sel granular secara signifikan dan menurunkan jumlah persentase sel apoptosis secara tidak signifikan pada kedua dosis. Kinerja memori spasial mencit setelah pemberian geraniol menunjukkan peningkatan yang tidak signifikan. Kinerja recognition memory mengalami penurunan pada dosis kontrol dan dosis 100 mg/kg BB dan mengalami peningkatan pada dosis 200 mg/kg BB., Memory learning ability is influenced by neurogenesis. The potential for neurogenesis can be increased by giving active compounds from one of the plants. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) has an essential oil component of geraniol which can be used as a therapeutic neuropathy and a potential therapeutic agent for Parkinson's disease. This study aimed to examine the effect of geraniol in lemongrass on memory performance and neurogenesis in the hippocampus. The study was conducted by giving geraniol orally for 30 days to 3 treatment groups with each treatment group consisting of 3 male mice (Mus musculus) DDY strain. Group one (control) was given saline 0.9%, group two was given geraniol at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW, group three was given geraniol at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW. Memory performance analysis using method Y-maze alternation test and Novel object recognition test. The brains of mice were taken and then made histological preparations to observe Neural Progenitor Cell (NPC), granular cells, and apoptotic cells. The results showed a significant increase in the percentage of NPCs and granular cells and an insignificant decrease in the percentage of apoptotic cells at both doses. The performance of the spatial memory of mice after geraniol administration showed an insignificant increase. The performance recognition memory decreased at a control dose and a dose of 100 mg/kg BW and increased at a dose of 200 mg/kg BW.
Keyword: apoptosis, granular, memori spasial, NPC, recognition

Judul: Efek Zat Aktif (S)-(-)-Limonene terhadap Kinerja Memori Spasial dan Neurogenesis dalam Hipokampus
Abstrak: Hipokampus merupakan wilayah otak yang paling aktif mengalami neurogenesis saat dewasa. Neurogenesis berdampak secara langsung pada kinerja memori. Neurogenesis dapat dipengaruhi oleh pemberian senyawa aktif. (S)-(-)- Limonene bisa ditemukan pada minyak esensial kulit jeruk dan sudah sangat umum digunakan dalam produk pangan dan aromaterapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efek (S)-(-)-Limonene terhadap kinerja memori spasial dan neurogenesis pada dentate gyrus dalam hipokampus. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 kelompok mencit (Mus musculus) jantan galur DDY, yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok yang diberi (S)-(-)-Limonene dengan dosis 0.025 mg/KgBB selama 30 hari dengan sonde lambung. Setelah pemberian perlakuan memori spasial dianalisis menggunakan Y maze Alteration Test. Analisis neurogenesis di dentate gyrus (DG) hipokampus dilakukan dengan mengamati preparat histologi otak yang diwarnai dengan Hematoksilin-eosin (HE). Hasilpengamatan menunjukkan pemberian senyawa aktif (S)-(-)-Limonene tidak berdampak signifikan terhadap memori spasial. Namun densitas sel di DG terpengaruh signifikan, In maturity, the hippocampus is the most active brain area undergoing neurogenesis. Memory performance is directly affected by neurogenesis. The administration of active substances can have an effect on neurogenesis. Orange peel essential oil contains (S)-(-)-Limonene, which is widely used in food and aromatherapy. The purpose of this study was to look at the influence of (S)-(-)- Limonene on spatial memory performance and neurogenesis in the hippocampus's dentate gyrus. The male mice (Mus musculus) DDY strain were divided into two groups for this study: the control group and the group that received (S)-(-)- Limonene at a dosage of 0.025 mg/KgBW for 30 days through a stomach probe. Following therapy, spatial memory was assessed using the Y-maze Alteration Test. An examination of hippocampal neurogenesis in the hippocampal dentate gyrus (DG) was performed by observing brain histology preparations stained with Hematoxylin-eosin (HE). The results showed that the administration of the active compound (S)-(-)-Limonene had no significant impact on spatial memory. However, the cell density in DG is significantly impacted.
Keyword: (S)-(-)-Limonene, dentate gyrus, neurogenesis, spatial memory, Y-arm maze

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: