Judul: Design of biogas carburetor for gasoline engine
Abstrak: Biogas is one of promising source of alternative energy nowadays. This gas contains methane at about 60% which is potential to be used as fuel. Biogas is also possible to replace gasoline as fuel on internal combustion engine. A new design of carburetor is needed to mixes air and biogas instead of air and gasoline. This carburetor consists of some main components, including venturi, venturi housing, choke, throttle, and flange. The design of carburetor may not disturb any other component of the engine and it should works with existing throttle and governor mechanism of the engine. This carburetor has many biogas ports inside its venturi. The number of ports during the test were varied, starts from 2, 4, 6, and 8 ports. The result of the test shows that carburetor with 2 ports has the best result and the performance of the engine decreases along with the addition of ports. However, application of biogas as fuel generally reduces the performance of the engine compared to normal gasoline–fueled engine. This reduction is caused by the low calorific value of biogas compared to gasoline. To makes the carburetor works better, some modifications have to be made and some materials have to be replaced with better one.
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Judul: Penerapan Bahan Bakar Biogas pada Motor Bensin dengan Modifikasi Karburator dan Variasi Rasio Kompresi
Abstrak: Biogas is one of the gaseous bio-energy can be applied into gasoline motors with some modification of components. The objectives of this research are applying the biogas fuel in gasoline engine with carburetor modification, measuring and getting value of maximum power and maximum torque and minimum value of the specific fuel consumption of each variation of compression ratio. The results of research were the biogas fuel on gasoline motors could be implemented directly, carburetor modifications changed the ratio of air and fuel ratio of 14.7: 1 (gasoline) to 5.7:1 (biogas) as of gasoline engine could be operated with engine speed over 1500 rpm up to 4500 rpm in a stable condition. The maximal power values for each compression ratio were 0.827 kW at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 0.953 kW (CR 8.3), 0.838 kW (CR 9.0) and 0.764 kW (CR 10.0). Maximum torque values were 3.071 N.m at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 4.274 N.m (CR 8.3), 3.598 N.m (CR 9.0), and 4.074 N.m (CR 10.0). The results of lowest value of specific fuel consumption were 4.29 m3/kWh at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 2:13 m3/kWh (CR 8.3), 1.84 m3/kWh (CR 9.0), and 2.92 m3/kWh (CR 10.0). The optimal of compression ratio was 8.3.
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Judul: Sebaran dan Populasi Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus Raffles, 1821) di KHDTK Aek Nauli, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Siamang (Symphalangus syndactylus) merupakan salah satu satwa endemik Sumatera yang berasal dari keluarga Hylobatidae. Siamang dapat ditemui di daerah Sumatera Utara, selatan Danau Toba, hingga Bukit Barisan Selatan. Siamang memiliki morfologi yang unik berupa kantung suara (gular sac) sehingga ketika bersuara dapat mengeluarkan suara yang sangat keras. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi sebaran, karakteristik populasi dan perilaku bersuara siamang di KHDTK Aek Nauli. Terdapat 15 titik sebaran siamang yang tersebar pada tiga tipe tutupan lahan, yaitu hutan primer, sekunder dan dominasi pinus. Berdasarkan uji Chi-square diperoleh bahwa pola sebaran spasial siamang berbentuk mengelompok, yang berarti��������²ℎ���������������� lebih dari atau sama dengan ��������²0,025. Jumlah kelompok siamang yang teridentifikasi 15 kelompok dengan jumlah 49 individu. Pendugaan populasi siamang yaitu 39±11 individu dengan ketelitian 71.8%. Kepadatan populasi 2.05±0.57 individu/km² dan 0.78±0.57 kelompok/km². Aktivitas bersuara pada kelompok siamang di KHDTK Aek Nauli paling sering dilakukan pada pukul 09.00–11.00 WIB.
Keyword: Aek Nauli, populasi, sebaran, siamang