Judul: Testing of Laying Hen Manure Doses and Improving Biofertilizer Application on the Growth and Quality of Vegetable Soybeans (Glycine max (L). Merril)
Abstrak: Kedelai edamame merupakan kedelai yang dipanen saat biji terisi penuh, masih berwarna hijau, biasa disebut vegetable soybean sebagai salah satu makanan sehat dan bergizi. Dosis pupuk kandang dalam produksi kedelai edamame secara organik perlu dioptimalisasi dan penggunaan pupuk hayati diharapkan mampu meningkatkan efisiensi pupuk organik. Penelitian ini dilakukan mengidentifikasi produktivitas dan kualitas kedelai edamame dengan budidaya secara organik menggunakan kombinasi pupuk kandang ayam petelur dan pupuk hayati (biofertilizer). Percobaan di lapangan dilaksanakan pada bulan November sampai April 2023 di Kebun Percobaan IPB Cikarawang A, Dramaga, Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terpisah (split-plot) dengan petak utama yaitu pupuk hayati dan anak petak berbagai dosis pupuk kandang ayam petelur sebanyak 3 ulangan. Dosis pupuk kandang yang digunakan yaitu 0, 8, 16, dan 24 ton ha-1. Pupuk hayati sebagai petak utama dengan dua perlakuan yaitu tanpa dan dengan pupuk hayati. Pupuk hayati diaplikasikan saat perendaman benih (10 g L-1) serta aplikasi langsung pada saat tanam dan tanaman umur 28 hari (5 g L-1). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan dosis pupuk kandang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi, jumlah daun, bobot polong per tanaman, jumlah buku produktif, dan bobot polong isi 2 biji. Penggunaan biofertilizer sangat nyata meningkatkan tinggi tanaman 3 minggu setelah tanam, jumlah daun 5 minggu setelah tanam, dan jumlah buku. Interaksi keduanya tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada pertumbuhan dan komponen produksi. Kadar protein, serat, dan gula dari semua perlakuan sudah sesuai kriteria kualitas biji kedelai edamame yang diterima konsumen. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan dosis optimum 14,9 ton ha-1 untuk produktivitas polong. Produktivitas polong nyata berkorelasi positif dengan tinggi tanaman namun negatif dengan jumlah polong hampa per tanaman., Edamame are soybeans that harvested when the pod are fully filled, still green, and considered as healthy and nutritious vegetable soybean. To produce organically, organic fertilizer doses need to be determined and the use of biofertilizers is expected can increase the efficiency of organic fertilizer use. The purpose of the experiment was to identify the productivity and quality of edamame soybean with organic cultivation using a combination of laying hen manure and biofertilizer. The experiment was carried out from November to April 2023 at the IPB Experimental Farm Cikarawang A, Dramaga, Bogor. This experiment used a split-plot design, with the main plot was biofertilizer and the subplots were various doses of laying hen manure with 3 replications. The dose of manure used were 0, 8, 16, and 24 tonnes ha-1. Biofertilizier as main plot with two treatments namely without and with biofertilizer. Biofertilizer was applied during seed soaking (10 g L-1) and direct application at planting time and 28-day-old plants (5 g L-1). The results showed that increasing the dose of manure could increase plant height, leaf numbers, pod weight per plant, productive node numbers and 2-seed pod weight. The use of biofertilizer significantly increases plant height at 3 weeks after planting, leaf numbers at 5 weeks after planting, and node numbers. The interaction between the two factors did not have a significant effect on growth and production components. The protein, fiber, and sugar levels of all treatments were in accordance with the quality criteria of edamame
Keyword: efficiency, optimum dose, protein, fiber, sugar

Judul: Evaluation of the Effect of Several Types and Dosage of NPK Compound Fertilizer on Edamame Growth and Productivity
Abstrak: Edamame memiliki berbagai keunggulan seperti ukuran polong dan biji lebih besar, kandungan gizi serta produktivitas yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedelai biasa. Selain itu, edamame memiliki peluang pasar dengan permintaan ekspor maupun lokal yang tinggi. Sehingga untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut perlu memperhatikan kecukupan hara melalui pemupukan. Penggunaan jenis dan dosis pupuk NPK secara tepat diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produktivitas edamame. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak kelompok Faktorial dengan dua faktor. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pupuk NPK yaitu NPK (15-15-15) Phonska Plus (J1), NPK (15-15-15) Kebomas (J2), dan NPK (21-7-12) KMAJ (J3). Faktor kedua adalah dosis pupuk yang terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu 300 kg/ha (D1), 350 kg/ha (D2), dan 400 kg/ha (D3). Perlakuan jenis pupuk, dosis pupuk serta interaksi keduanya tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produktivitas edamame. Perlakuan J3D2 memiliki pertumbuhan dan produktivitas lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan pupuk lainnya. Pemberian berbagai dosis pupuk NPK dan interaksi antara jenis pupuk dan dosis pupuk berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap serapan hara N dan P tanaman edamame. Perlakuan kombinasi jenis pupuk NPK (15-15-15) Phonska Plus dengan dosis pupuk 400 kg/ha memberikan hasil serapan hara N, P, dan K total tanaman edamame tertinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya., Edamame has various advantages, such as larger pod and seed sizes, nutritional content, and higher productivity compared to ordinary soybeans. Apart from that, edamame has a market opportunity with high exports and local demand. So to meet these needs, it is necessary to pay attention to nutrient adequacy through fertilization. Using the right type and dose of NPK fertilizer is expected to increase the growth and productivity of edamame. The experimental design used was a factorial randomized block design with two factors. The first factor is the type of NPK fertilizer, namely NPK (15-15-15) Phonska Plus (J1), NPK (15-15-15) Kebomas (J2), and NPK (21-7-12) KMAJ (J3). The second factor is the fertilizer dosage, which consists of three levels: 300 kg/ha (D1), 350 kg/ha (D2), and 400 kg/ha (D3). The type of fertilizer, fertilizer dose, and interaction between the two did not have a significant effect on the growth and productivity of edamame. The J3D2 treatment had better growth and productivity compared to other fertilizer treatments. The administration of various doses of NPK fertilizer and the interaction between the type of fertilizer and the fertilizer dose had a very significant effect on the N and P nutrient uptake of edamame plants. The combination treatment of NPK (15-15-15) Phonska Plus fertilizer with a fertilizer dose of 400 kg/ha gave the highest total N, P, and K nutrient uptake of edamame plants compared to other treatments.
Keyword: Glycine max (L) Merrill, Pupuk NPK, Dosis pupuk

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology