Judul: Sintesis Glukosa Oleat dengan Berbantuan Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Carbohydrate-based esters of fatty acids are nonionic surfactants which are nontoxic, odorless, tasteless, and biodegradable. Glucose oleic acid is one of them. It can be synthesized by reacting glucose pentaacetate (GPA) and methyl oleate with conventional heating for 6 hours, which is slow and time-consuming. Therefore, organic synthesis has been developed by employing microwave irradiation, so called Microwave- Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS). This research synthesized glucose oleic acid, from GPA and methyl oleate using MAOS method, to reduce time of reaction and better yield. The parameters observed were melting point (for GPA), free fatty acid content (for methyl oleate), functional group analysis using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and percent of yield. Reaction between GPA and glucose oleic acid was transesterification, while those of methyl oleate was esterification. GPA and glucose oleic acid using MAOS gave faster time of reaction, 5-10 minutes. The results showed that GPA, methyl oleate, and glucose oleic acid were well synthesized, as shown by FTIR spectra. The yield of GPA was 68,52%, with melting point was 94–111 °C. Methyl oleate gave 95,69% yield. Free fatty acid content of methyl oleate was 2,23%. The yield of glucose oleic acid was 47,18%.
Keyword: 

Judul: Sintesis ester glukosa laurat dari metil laurat dan glukosa pentaasetat
Abstrak: Ester karbohidrat asam lemak telah menjadi subjek penelitian intensif pada beberapa dasawarsa. Senyawa ini memiliki sifat biodegradabel dan tidak menimbulkan iritasi. Ester karbohidrat asam lemak dapat disintesis dari senyawa alami yang dapat diperbaharui, contohnya gula dan lemak. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui beberapa tahapan, yaitu sintesis ester metil laurat dan sintesis glukosa pentaasetat (GPA), sintesis ester glukosa laurat dengan nisbah mol GPA:metil laurat 1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3, dan analisis produk menggunakan spektrofotometer fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Rendemen rerata sintesis metil laurat sebesar 78.98% dengan densitas 0.0871027 g ml-1 dan rendemen rerata GPA sebesar 47.55% dengan kisaran titik leleh 105–112 oC. Rendemen rerata ester glukosa laurat untuk nisbah mol GPA:metil laurat 1:1, 1:2, dan 1:3 masing-masing sebesar 56.98, 78.68, dan 54.44% dengan kisaran titik leleh yang sama, yaitu 100–110 oC. Spektrum FTIR ester glukosa laurat menunjukkan serapan khas C=O yang merupakan pita kuat dan tajam pada bilangan gelombang 1744 cm-1 dan munculnya pita yang kuat di daerah sidik jari 1110–1300 cm-1 akibat serapan uluran C─O. Terjadinya subtitusi gugus asetil oleh lauril ditunjukkan pada bilangan gelombang 2800–3000 cm-1, pita yang muncul akibat uluran C─H alifatik dari gugus lauril.
Keyword: 

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
Keyword: