Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Olahan Kedelai sebagai Tepung Sari Pengganti terhadap Tingkat Moralitas Anakan Lebah Madu (Apis mellifera)
Abstrak: Tepung sari merupakan sumber protein yang utama bagi lebah madu. Ketersediaannya sangat diperlukan terutama bagi perkembangan anakan lebah madu. Keberadaan tepung sari di alam tidak selalu tersedia setiap saat karena ketersediaannya tergantung musim bunga. Selain faktor musim, kekurangan tepung sari juga terjadi pada saat penggembalaan koloni ke daerah yang kaya nektar namun tidak menyediakan tanaman sumber tepung sari. Untuk itu, diperlukan penyediaan tepung sari pengganti untuk menjaga keutuhan populasi koloni. Kedelai adalah salah satu bahan alternatif pengganti tepung sari karena kandungan proteinnya yang tinggi dan harganya relatif lebih murah. Dalam rangka menguji cara terbaik pemrosesan kedelai untuk pembuatan bahan pengganti tepung sari telah dilakukan penelitian pemberian pakan buatan berbasis kedelai di peternakan lebah madu Sari Bunga, Sukabumi sejak tanggal 14 Maret sampai dengan 15 April 2006. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian hasil olahan kedelai dengan berbagai proses yakni fermentasi, perebusan dan penyangraian sebagai pakan pengganti tepung sari terhadap tingkat konsumsi dan mortalitas anakan lebah madu.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Ransum Makanan Buatan terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Perkembangan Koloni Lebah Madu Apis mellifera Linn
Abstrak: Lebah madu merupakan salah satu serangga yang banyak hidup di hutan dan menghasilkan hasil hutan non kayu yang berupa antara lain madu dan lilin lebah. Salah satu syarat untuk pengembangan budidaya lebah madu adalah tersedianya sumber pakan lebah (*bee forage*) yang cukup dan berkesinambungan. Dalam hal ini pengembangan koloni lebah madu memerlukan ketersediaan serbuk sari bunga/polen dan nektar yang memadai dari beraneka ragam bunga jenis tanaman pakan lebah.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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