Judul: The Optimization specific primer of Varanus salvator (Water Monitor Lizard) Species Based on COI Gene (Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I)
Abstrak: Reptil dan produk olahannya telah banyak dimanfaatkan di dunia. Permintaan untuk produk reptil termasuk kulit, daging, dan bahan untuk obat tradisional cukup tinggi. Pengembangan teknik deteksi dan identifikasi genus pada hewan dapat menjamin keaslian produk dan melindungi konsumen dari pemalsuan. Gen COI (cytochrome oxidase subunit 1) berguna dalam menyimpulkan hubungan intraspesifik karena penanda ini menghasilkan jarak genetik intraspesifik tertinggi jika dibandingkan dengan mitochondrial gene lain seperti ND5 (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 protein) dan Cyt b (Cytochrome b). Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan optimasi primer spesifik spe-sies Varanus salvator menggunakan marka spesifik berbasis gen sitokrom oksidase sub unit 1 (COI 1). Sumber DNA yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa sampel daging dan abon daging biawak air. DNA pada daging biawak air teramplifikasi pada 688 pb., Reptiles and their processed products have been widely used in the world. Demand for reptile products including leather, meat and ingredients for traditional medicine is quite high. The development of detection and genus identification techniques in animals can ensure the authenticity of products and protect consumers from falsification information. The COI gene (cytochrome oxidase sub unit 1) is useful for inferring intraspecific relationships because this marker pro-duces the highest intraspecific genetic range when compared to other mitochon-drial genes such as ND5 (NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 5 protein) and Cyt b (Cytochrome b). This study aims to optimize the primers of Varanus salvator species in meat using specific markers based on the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene. Sources of DNA used in this study were Water Monitor Lizard’s meat and abon. DNA in Water Monitor Lizard’s meat amplified at 688 bp.
Keyword: water monitor lizard, cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI), primer

Judul: Design of Primers Specific to Alopias superciliosus Species for Colorimetric LAMP Identification Method
Abstrak: Tingginya permintaan dunia terhadap ikan hiu paitan (Alopias superciliosus) membuat spesies tersebut mengalami eksploitasi berlebihan dan saat ini masuk kategori vulnerable dan Appendix II CITES. Identifikasi molekuler untuk mendeteksi jenis ikan hiu penting dilakukan untuk memastikan bahwa hiu yang diperdagangkan bukan termasuk jenis hiu yang dilindungi. Deteksi cepat spesies Alopias superciliosus dapat dilakukan dengan LAMP kolorimetri. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi primer spesifik spesies Alopias superciliosus menggunakan marka gen COI dan NADH2 serta optimasi waktu dan suhu yang digunakan dengan metode LAMP kolorimetri. Penelitian diawali dengan merancang primer DNA mitokondria COI dan NADH2 secara in silico. Selanjutnya primer diuji secara in vitro bersama isolat DNA hasil isolasi. Penelitian secara in silico menghasilkan set primer COI dan NADH2 yang terdiri dariprimer F3, B3, FIP, BIP, dan tambahan primer loop LB. Set primer LB gen COI dapat mendeteksi sampel target pada suhu 65°C selama 30 menit dengan tingkat spesifisitas hingga konsentrasi paling rendah 0,01 pg/µL. Set primer LB gen NADH2 dapat mendeteksi sampel pada suhu 70°C selama 27 menit., The high global demand for Paitan Shark (Alopias superciliosus) has led to overexploitation and the species is currently categorized as vulnerable and Appendix II of CITES. Molecular identification to detect the type of shark is important to ensure that the shark being traded is not a protected species. Rapid detection of Alopias superciliosus species can be done by colorimetric LAMP. This study aims to identify Alopias superciliosus species-specific primers using COI and NADH2 gene markers and optimize the time and temperature used with colorimetric LAMP method. The research began by designing COI and NADH2 mitochondrial DNA primers in silico. Furthermore, the primers were tested in vitro with isolated DNA isolates. In silico research produced COI and NADH2 primer sets consisting of F3, B3, FIP, BIP, and additional LB loop primers. The COI gene LB primer set can detect target samples at 65°C for 30 minutes with specificity up to a concentration of at least 0.01 pg/µL. The NADH2 gene LB primer set can detect samples at 70°C for 27 minutes.
Keyword: Alopias superciliosus, COI, Colorimetric LAMP, NADH2

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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