Judul: Analisis Hubungan Modal Sosial dengan Kesejahteraan Anggota Kelompok Pedagang di Kawasan Wisata Pantai Widuri (Kasus: Kelompok Pedagang Pantai Sirkuit Widuri Pemalang)
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak pada sektor ekonomi, salah satunya penurunan pendapatan pedagang karena perubahan pada pola kegiatan nafkahnya yang dibatasi. Penelitian ini akan mengkaji terkait dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap kesejahteraan pedagang. Kesejahteraan tersebut dapat diwujudkan melalui dibentuknya suatu kelompok pedagang, bagaimana suatu kelompok dapat beradaptasi pada saat bencana yang ternyata didukung beberapa faktor salah satunya adalah modal sosial. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan modal sosial dengan kesejahteraan anggota Kelompok Pedagang Pantai Sirkuit Widuri. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung data kualitatif. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 55 orang yang merupakan anggota Kelompok Pedagang Pantai Sirkuit Widuri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang cukup kuat antara modal sosial dengan kesejahteraan, terutama karena didasari oleh unsur modal sosial yang dominan yaitu kepercayaan.
Keyword: merchant group, social capital, welfare, widuri beach

Judul: Social Capital, Collective Action, and Resilience of Small Trader Communities in Post Covid-19 Pandemic Tourist Areas
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 telah melanda dunia yang membuat perubahan besar di berbagai sektor, tanpa terkecuali sektor pariwisata teritama pedagang kecil yang ada di dalamnya. Pada masa pascapandemi covid-19 seperti ini para pedagang kecil di daerah wisata perlu beradaptasi untuk dapat mempertahankan usahanya. Maka dari itu, tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat peranan modal sosial dan aksi kolektif dalam resiliensi komunitas pedagang kecil di daerah wisata pada masa pascapandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Taman Wisata Alam Gunung Pancar dengan mengguunakan metode survey melalui kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam terhadap 40 responden secara sensus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan modal sosial dan aksi kolektif cukup berperan dalam resiliensi komunitas pedagang kecil di daerah wisata. Dengan modal sosial yang pedagang kecil miliki, mereka dapat melakukan aksi kolektif meskipun masih terbatas pada aksi yang berkaitan dengan berdagang saja. Selain itu, saat ini mayoritas pedagang kecil belum dapat resilien dalam hal perekenomian karena keterbatasan modal yang mereka miliki dan sepi nya pengunjung yang datang ke lokasi wisata. Hal tersebut yang membuat mereka belum dapat menciptakan kegiatan ekonomi baru yang dapat meningkatkan perekonomian mereka., The Covid-19 pandemic has hit the world which has made major changes in various sectors, without exception the tourism sector, especially the small traders in it. In the post-Covid-19 pandemic period like this, small traders in tourist areas need to adapt to be able to maintain their business. Therefore, the purpose of this research was conducted to see the role of social capital and collective action in the resilience of small trader communities in tourist areas during the post-Covid-19 pandemic. This research was conducted in Gunung Pancar Nature Tourism Park using a survey method through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with 40 respondents by census. The results showed that social capital and collective action play a role in the resilience of the small trader community in tourist areas. With the social capital that small traders have, they can take collective action even though it is still limited to actions related to trading only. In addition, currently the majority of small traders have not been able to be resilient in terms of the economy due to the limited capital they have and the lack of visitors who come to tourist sites. This makes them unable to create new economic activities that can improve their economy.
Keyword: collective action, community resilience, small traders, social capital

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable