Judul: Deteksi Sel Donor Ikan Gurame Osphronemus gouramy pada Larva Ikan Nila Oreochromis niloticus sebagai Resipien dengan Teknik PCR
Abstrak: Ikan gurame (Osphronemus gouramy) memiliki pertumbuhan dan matang gonad yang lambat sehingga produksi benih menjadi terhambat. Aplikasi teknologi induk semang (surrogate broodstock) atau transplantasi sel diduga dapat mengatasi lambatnya ikan gurame matang gonad. Teknologi induk semang adalah teknologi transplantasi sel germinal donor ke rongga perut larva ikan resipien dan selanjutnya setelah ikan resipien matang gonad dan melalui pembuahan, maka ikan donor dapat diproduksi. Pada teknologi induk semang dibutuhkan ikan resipien yang cocok yang dapat menerima dan mendukung perkembangan sel gonad donor. Dalam rangka pengembangan induk semang untuk ikan gurame, ikan nila diduga sebagai kandidat utama untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut. Sebagai tahap awal dalam pengembangan teknologi induk semang, perlu dikembangan metode deteksi sel donor dalam ikan resipien. Sel donor umumnya diberi label gen GFP atau PKH-26 sehingga mudah dikenali menggunakan mikroskop fluoresen. Namun demikian, pembuatan ikan transgenik donor yang mengekspresikan gen GFP membutuhkan waktu yang lama sehingga cara tersebut dinilai kurang efisien. Selain itu, ketersediaan mikroskop fluoresen juga masih terbatas di Indonesia. Salah satu cara alternatif yang diduga efektif dalam mengidentifikasi sel donor adalah menggunakan PCR. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kemampuan PCR untuk mendeteksi sel donor dalam tubuh resipien. Sebagai pembanding, sel diberi label PKH-26.
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Judul: Pengembangan Marka Molekuler DNA dalam Identifikasi Sel Gonad Ikan Gurame (Osphronemus gouramy) dan Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) Menggunakan PCR
Abstrak: Teknologi transplantasi sel germinal ikan telah dikembangkan baru-baru ini untuk merekayasa produksi benih ikan melalui induk “semang” (surrogate broodstock. Teknologi induk “semang” tersebut dilakukan dengan cara mentransplantasikan primordial germ cells (PGC) atau sel spermatogonia di dalam rongga perut larva ikan resipien, selanjutnya sel transplan berdiferensiasi menjadi telur atau sperma. Pemijahan ikan resipien yang membawa sperma dan telur yang berkembang dari sel donor, akan menghasilkan ikan target. Transplantasi sel germinal dari ikan rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pada ikan salmon masu (Oncorhynchus masou) menghasilkan anak berupa ikan rainbow trout. Teknik ini berpotensi digunakan untuk merekayasa produksi benih ikan-ikan di Indonesia, khususnya ikan yang matang gonad relatif lambat seperti ikan gurame.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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