Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The existence of PT. SDK as one of the peripatetic Company in oil and gas sector which work with PT. Pertamina hold important role in ready to supply gas and improvement of earning of area in home affairs. Research aim to develop model of utilization of associated gas activity of petroleum exploitation in supporting clean development mechanism in Tugu Barat oil field. Big potential of gas production in Indonesia and decreasing the production of oil as fuel production in Indonesia, make Indonesian government to change policy from utilized oil fuel to gas fuel as alternative energy a cheap and environmentally friendly. On the other hand, production of oil and gas be produced flaring gas. Based on that, need to find utilization of flaring gas modeling on oil and gas company to support clean development mechanism, such as on Tugu Barat Oil and Gas Exploitation Field, Indramayu, West Java. This research use descriptive analysis method with triangulation method, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Pay Back Period (PBP), and profitability Index Analysis with software Powersim Constructor version 2.5, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The analysis result indicated that flaring gas produced from Tugu Barat Field potential to processed, because profitable and could decrease global warming so that it can support clean development mechanism (CDM). Alternative policy that could develop on Tugu Barat Oil Field is process flaring gas to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), beside profitable, it can protect environment quality to clean development mechanism (CDM). To achieve this, most influential factor is government policy and other influential factors are human resources, natural resources (flaring gas availability), funding, technology, facilities and infrastructure. Therefore to manage flaring gas on Tugu Barat Field needs government policy and high quality human resources. Flare gas industry on Tugu Barat Oil Production Field, economically good to develop. The result of West Java and Jakarta society sub model ecology , sub model simulation and economic sub model indicated the preference of positive growth curve establishment which follow exponential curve, same result indicate on migrants. But because of resource limitedness, at one time the curve go to stable equilibrium through balancing process which at dynamic system said for following archetype “limit to growth”. Alternative policy management of associated gas which need to be developed in Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG).
Keyword: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Greenhouse gasses, West Java, Global Warming

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: TPA Cipayung has been operated since 1992, at Cipayung, Pancoran Mas, Kota Depok. To face the problem around TPA Cipayung, it is important to development management some analysis. The research purpose of this research were: 1) to explain environmental quality, social, economic and health condition around Cipayung garbage’s TPA area at Depok city. 2) to analyse policy strategy that related to effort of managemant of Cipayung garbage’s TPA at Depok city. 3) to design alternative policy of management of Cipayung garebage’s TPA at Depok city. The research methods used descriptive analysis to analyze the quality of up down wells, BAP, lindi water, and microbiology. Then, the results were compared with Permenkes RI No. 416/MenKes//Per/IX/1990, Kriteria Mutu Air PPRI No.28/2001. Gol. III, Baku Mutu: SK Gubernur Jawa Barat No. 6/1999. Sampel water analysis was conducted in laboratory of PT. Mutu Agung Lestari. The condition of social economy and health in location around of TPA Cipayung were analyzed by descriptive analyzed. Data of interview result with profesional about policy of management TPA Cipayung was analyzed with AHP method, using expert choice 2000 program. Analysis of garbage management model in TPA Cipayung using Microsoft Office Excel and Stimulation model analysis of dinamic system using Stella software vertion 8.0. The result of this analysis show the physical variabel of water quality in three location still under NAB that were permitted. Except the temperatur variabel have rather high than NAB. The result of many chemical variabel in three location sampel have high then NAB that permitted, such as Fe, Mn, NO2 -N, BOD5, COD, DO, Zn, and Fenol. The result of social economy aspect are there is some problems around TPA Cipayung and the benefiit of economy that TPA Cipayung’s society can get. Health of society in location around TPA Cipayung in general, suffering diare, fever, skin infection and ispa.The result of Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP) showed that (1) alternative of policy is the optimalization of garbage management, (2) the optimalization of cleaning service, (3) third priority is the increase of stakeholder’s participation. (4) law enforcement. The result of garbage management strategy analisys in TPA Cipayung recomendation program 3R+1P, start from the garbage source, until the garbage that throw in to TPA getting low and can minimalize the garbage transportation cost to TPA.
Keyword: Sanitary Landfill, Unit Pengolahan Sampah (UPS), West Java, Analytical Hierarcy Process

Judul: Infeksi leucocytozoon Smithi (Laveran dan Lucet, 1905) pada kalkun
Abstrak: Leucocytozoon smithi adalah parasit darah yang menyebabkan leucocytozoonosis pada kalkun, dan termasuk dalam genus Leucocytozoon yang perkembangan skizogoninya terja- di dalam sel-sel endotel dan sel-sel parenkhim hati, jan- tung, ginjal dan organ-organ lain dari unggas. Genus ini menghasilkan skizon yang besar. Gametogoninya terjadi di dalam sel-sel darah dan sel yang terinfeksi dapat berubah bentuk dan mengambil bentuk kumparan. Parasit ini tidak menghasilkan pigmen dan ditularkan oleh lalat penghisap darah dari genus Simulium. Infeksi kalkun terjadi pada saat sporozoit masuk ke dalam peredaran darah dan selanjutnya masuk ke dalam sel- sel parenkhim hati. Siklus hidupnya mirip dengan siklus hidup L. simondi seperti yang diuraikan di bawah ini. Skizogoni yang terjadi di dalam hati menghasilkan skizon hepatik. Skizon hepatik dewasa menghasilkan merozoit dan sinsitia. Merozoit dari skizon hepatik memasuki eritroblas dan eritrosit dan membentuk gametosit bulat, sedangkan sinsitianya dapat masuk ke dalam sel-sel RES dan kemudian membentuk megaloskizon. Megaloskizon dewasa menghasilkan merozoit yang kemudian masuk ke dalam limfosit dan leukosit lain membentuk gametosit memanjang. Gametositgametosit ini akan menjadi makrogametosit dan mikrogametosit. Perkembangan parasit dalam tubuh vektor (Simulium), segera dimulai setelah vektor menghisap darah kalkun yang mengandung gametosit ini. Dalam tubuh vektor ini akan ter- jadi pembuahan makrogamet oleh mikrogamet (tahap gametogoni). Dari pembuahan ini dihasilkan zigot yang bergerak (ookinet). Ookinet akan masuk dinding usus vektor untuk memulai tahap sporogoni yang menghasilkan sporozoit. Sporozoit ini akan menuju ke kelenjar ludah dan dari sini dapat dipindahkan lagi ke tubuh kalkun pada saat vektor menghisap darah. Vektor untuk L. smithi adalah S. occidentale, S. nigroparvum, S. slossonae, S. nigritarse. L. smithi berbahaya, terutama bagi kalkun-kalkun muda. Mortalitasnya dapat mencapai 90 persen. Gejala klinis yang ditimbulkannya antara lain anorexia, lemas dan cenderung untuk duduk, kekurusan dan kelemahan, sesak nafas dan in- koordinasi dan terjungkal terlihat pada stadium akhir dan selanjutnya kalkun mengalami coma kemudian mati…dst
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