Judul: The Effectiveness of Green Betel Leaf Infusion (Piper betle L.) as an Analgesic in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang berasal dari Asia yang dipercaya dapat digunakan sebagai pereda nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek analgesik infusa daun sirih hijau menggunakan metode hot water immersion tail-flick test. Selain itu, bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi adanya perubahan fisiologis pada mencit yang terjadi selama masa induksi analgesik dan pengobatannya menggunakan daun sirih hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit jantan galur DDY dan mengikuti Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sejumlah mencit tersebut dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu satu kontrol negatif (grup 1; diberi akuades), satu kontrol positif (grup 2; diberi ibuprofen), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (kelompok III, IV, dan V; diberi infusa daun sirih hijau dengan dosis masing-masing 1, 3, dan 5 g/kg BB mencit). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dosis efektif dari infusa daun sirih hijau untuk menghasilkan efek analgesik adalah 3 g/kg BB yang ditunjukan pada menit ke-60 sebesar ± 5,29 detik. Pemberian infusa daun sirih hijau juga ditemukan tidak menyebabkan abnormalitas pada fisiologis mencit. Disimpulkan bahwa infusa daun sirih hijau dapat digunakan sebagai sediaan analgesik alami. Kata kunci: analgesik, daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.), mencit (Mus musculus), The green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is an Asian origin herbal plant that is reckoned as a pain reliever remedy. This study aims to prove the analgesic effect of green betel leaf infusion using the hot water immersion tail-flick test method. In addition, it aims to evaluate the physiological changes in mice (Mus musculus) that occur along with the analgesic induction and its treatment by using the green betel leaf infusion. This study was performed by using 25 male DDY mice and followed a completely randomized design (CRD). The mice were divided into 5 groups, namely a negative control (group I; was given aquadest), a positive control (group II; was given ibuprofen), and three treatment groups (group III, IV, as well as V; were given the green betel leaf infusion at a dose of 1, 3, and 5 g/kg BW respectively). The collected data was analyzed by using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) which was followed by the Tukey test. The results showed that the effective dose of the green betle leaf infusion to generate analgesic effect was at a dose of 3 g/kg BW which was shown at the 60th minute with ±5,29 seconds of latencies. The administration of the green betle leaf infusion was also found not to cause any abnormalities in the mice’s physiology. It was concluded that the infusion of green betel leaf can be used as a natural analgesic. Keywords: analgesic, green betel leaf (Piper betle L.), mice (Mus musculus)
Keyword: analgesik, daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.), mencit (Mus musculus), analgesic, green betel leaf (Piper betle L.), mice (Mus musculus)

Judul: The Effectiveness of Beetroot (Beta vulgaris) Infusion on Analgesic Effect and Stamina in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Kesehatan merupakan hal yang penting bagi setiap individu. Obat herbal dapat menjadi alternatif pemilihan obat dalam mengurangi konsumsi obat berbahan sintetik atau kimiawi. Bit merah merupakan tanaman umbi yang mudah ditemukan dengan berbagai manfaat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari efektivitas infusa bit merah sebagai analgesik dan potensinya dalam menambah stamina tubuh. Uji efektivitas analgesik dilakukan dengan metode tail flick test, sementara uji potensi penambah stamina menggunakan metode natatory exhaustion. Penelitian menggunakan 20 mencit jantan galur DDY yang terbagi ke dalam empat kelompok dosis perlakuan, yakni 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB. Pemberian infusa dan pengujian dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pada waktu yang berbeda. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of varience (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infusa bit merah mampu memberikan efek analgesik dengan dosis efektif 2 g/kg BB sebesar 5.46±1.22 detik, juga penambah stamina dengan durasi tertinggi pada dosis 4 g/kg BB sebesar 117.20±34.70 detik. Efek analgesik dan stamina yang ditimbulkan diduga berasal dari senyawa metabolit sekunder bit merah. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bit merah memiliki efek analgesik dan dapat meningkatkan stamina., Health is the most important thing for every individual being. Herbal medicine can be an alternative in drugs selection for reducing the consumption of synthetic or chemical drugs. Beetroot is a root plant that can easily be found and has many beneficial contents. This research aims to study the effectiveness of beetroot infusions as analgesics and their potential in increasing body stamina. The effectiveness of analgesics was tested using the tail flick test method, while the potential for increasing stamina was tested using the natatory exhaustion method. This study comprised of 20 DDY strain male mice that divided into four treatment dose groups, namely 0, 1, 2, and 4 g/kg BW. Infusion administration and testing were repeated in three different time. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and followed by Tukey’s test. The result showed that beetroot was able to provide analgesic effect with an effective dose of 2 g/kg BW at 5.46±1.22 seconds, as well as increasing stamina with the highest duration at dose of 4 g/kg BW at 117.220±34.70 seconds. The analgesic and stamina-enhancing effects are believed to originate from the secondary metabolites of beetroot It was concluded that beetroot have analgesic effect an increases stamina in mice.
Keyword: analgesik, mencit, obat herbal, stamina, bit merah

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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