Judul: Prediksi Panjang Musim Hujan Menggunakan Time Delay Neural Network
Abstrak: Indonesia has abundant natural resources in agriculture. Good agricultural results can be obtained by determining a good growing season plan. One of important factors which determines the successful of crop is the length of the rainy season. The length of the rainy season is dynamic and difficult to be controlled. Therefore the planning of the growing season becomes inaccurate and cause crop failures. This research aims to develop a model to predict the length of the rainy season using time delay neural network (TDNN). Observational data used in this research is the length of rainy season from three weather and climate stations of the Pacitan region from 1982/1983 to 2011/2012. Predictor data used in this reserach is sea surface temperature (SST) derived from the region of Nino 1+2, Nino 3, Nino 4, and Nino 3.4 from 1982 to 2011. Model with the best accuracy was obtained by Pringkuku station with RMSE of 1.97 with parameters of delay [0 1 2 3], learning rate 0.1, 40 hidden neurons, and predictors of Nino 3 and R-squared of 0.82 with parameters of delay [0 1], learning rate 0.3, 5 hidden neurons, and predictors of Nino 3.
Keyword: SST, the length of the rainy season, TDNN

Judul: Development of a Rainy Season Length Prediction Model in Java Island Using Convolutional Neural Network
Abstrak: Pertanian di Pulau Jawa sangat dipengaruhi oleh variabilitas iklim musiman. Prediksi panjang musim hujan sangat penting untuk perencanaan pertanian dan pengelolaan sumber daya air. Studi ini bertujuan mengembangkan model prediksi panjang musim hujan di Pulau Jawa menggunakan Convolutional Neural Network dan mengevaluasi model tersebut. Prediktor yang digunakan adalah empat data curah hujan luaran North American Multi-Model Ensemble dengan issued time Bulan Juni, Juli, Agustus, dan September serta lead time Bulan September hingga Mei. Penelitian ini berhasil mengembangkan prediksi panjang musim hujan di Pulau Jawa menggunakan CNN. Korelasi Pearson bernilai 0,38 hingga 0,51 dengan nilai korelasi tinggi terjadi pada issued time Bulan Juni di Jawa Timur. RMSE bernilai 3,29 hingga 3,80 dengan nilai berada di Jawa Barat bagian selatan. Standar deviasi ternormalisasi bernilai 0,68 hingga 0,94 dengan nilai terbaik berada di Jawa Barat dan Jawa Tengah. Model memiliki kemampuan moderat dalam menangkap hubungan linear antara data aktual dan prediksi tetapi kurang dalam menangkap nilai ekstrem dari data aktual. Hasil skill score cenderung merata di seluruh pulau dengan model CanSIPS-IC3 memiliki skill yang terbaik. Perbandingan panjang musim hujan menunjukkan bahwa prediksi model cenderung mengikuti pola aktualnya tetapi terdapat beberapa perbedaan nilai prediksi yang overestimate ataupun underestimate daripada nilai aktualnya., Agriculture on Java Island is highly influenced by seasonal climate variability. Predicting the length of the rainy season is crucial for agricultural planning and water resource management. This study aims to develop a rainy season length prediction model in Java Island using a convolutional neural network and evaluate the model. The predictors used are four rainfall data outputs from the North American Multi-Model Ensemble with issued times in June, July, August, and September and lead times from September to May. This research successfully developed a rainy season length prediction model in Java Island using a CNN. Pearson correlation values ranged from 0.38 to 0.51, with high correlation values occurring at the issued time of June in East Java. RMSE values ranged from 3.29 to 3.80, with the highest values located in the southern part of West Java. Normalized standard deviation values ranged from 0.68 to 0.94, with the best values found in West Java and Central Java. The model has a moderate ability to capture the linear relationship between actual and predicted data but is less effective in capturing extreme values from the actual data. The skill score results tend to be evenly distributed across the island, with the CanSIPS-IC3 model having the best skill. A comparison of the rainy season length shows that the model's predictions tend to follow the actual pattern, but there are some differences in predicted values that are overestimated or underestimated compared to the actual values.
Keyword: deep learning, evaluasi performa, liebmann, model output statistic, north american multi-model ensemble

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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