Judul: Potensi antioksidan daun mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa (Scheff.) Boerl.)
Abstrak: Aktivitas antioksidasi ekstrak daun muda dan daun tua mahkota dewa telah dianalisis secara in vitro dan dibandingkan dengan aktivitas ekstrak daging buah mahkota dewa dan senyawa a-tokoferol. Daun dan daging buah mahkota dewa diekstraksi menggunakan etanol 70% secara refluks. Aktivitas antioksidasi ditentukan dengan cara mengoksidasi substrat asam linoleat dalam udara pada suhu 40 derajat celcius selama 7 hari dengan atau tanpa ekstrak.
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Judul: Penentuan aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak mahkota dewa, temu putih, sambiloto dan keladi tikus secara in vitro
Abstrak: Buah mahkota dewa (Phaleria macrocarpa, Boerl), temu putih (Curcuma zeodaria), sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata, Nees), dan keladi tikus (Typhonium flagelliforme) berkhasiat sebagai tanaman obat. Tanaman tersebut berpotensi untuk mengobati kanker dan kandungan senyawa di dalamnya diduga berperan sebagai antioksidan.Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan daya antioksidan dari tanaman mahkota dewa, temu putih, sambiloto, dan keladi tikus dengan menggunakan metode asam tiobarbiturat. Pada metode ini, asam linoleat dioksidasi dengan udara pada suhu 40 oC selama 8 hari, sehingga membentuk produk malondialdehida. Malondialdehida yang terbentuk akan bereaksi dengan asam tiobarbiturat membentuk produk berwarna merah yang serapannya dapat diukur pada panjang gelombang 532 nm. Potensi antioksidan dari keempat ekstrak tanaman tersebut dilihat dari kemampuannya dalam menghambat proses oksidasi. Daya hambat masing-masing tanaman pada konsentrasi 200 ppm untuk ekstrak akuademineral, air panas, dan etanol secara berturut-berturut sebesar 83,44%, 70,86%, 81,84% (mahkota dewa), 60,21%, 82,74%, 69,28% (temu putih), 81,45%, 81,45%, 67,96% (sambiloto), 68,60%, 63,53 %, 72,17% (keladi tikus), dan 87,01% (vitamin E).Berdasarkan uji statistik Anova dan Duncan potensi antioksidan masing-masing tanaman pada konsentrasi 200 ppm jika dibandingkan dengan vitamin E berbeda nyata pada selang kepercayaan 95%.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm