Judul: Ekstrasi Minyak Kelapa secara Enzimatis : Analisis Sifat Fisiko Kimia Minyak serta Evaluasi Sifat Fungsinal dan Nilai Gizi Residu Padatan
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sifat fisiko kimia minyak serta sifat fungsional dan nilai gizi protein residu padatan yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi secara enzimatis . Ekstraksi minyak secara enzimatis merupakan salah satu upaya untuk mendapatkan minyak kelapa yang bermutu tinggi dan sekaligus residu yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber protein manusia.
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Judul: Evaluation Process Technology of Palm Oil Extraction with Conventional and Enzymatic Methods
Abstrak: Kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman perkebunan penghasil minyak pangan, minyak industri, dan minyak bahan bakar nabati. Metode konvensional dan enzimatik dapat mengekstraksi minyak kelapa sawit. Metode enzimatik pada penelitian ini menggunakan enzim selulase, pektinase, dan tanase. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi teknologi proses ekstraksi minyak kelapa sawit dengan metode konvensional dan enzimatik. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini yaitu menentukan teknologi proses ekstraksi minyak kelapa sawit terbaik dengan analisis perbandingan teknologi, neraca massa, biaya produksi, dan nilai tambah dari Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan Industrial Palm Oil (IPO). Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari beberapa tahapan yang meliputi pengumpulan data dan pengolahan data. Teknologi proses terbaik untuk menghasilkan minyak kelapa sawit diperoleh dengan metode enzimatik menggunakan enzim selulase karena mempunyai rendemen tinggi dengan kualitas yang baik, proses efisien, dan kompatibel dioperasikan pada skala industri. Tahapan proses terdiri atas persiapan bahan baku tanpa proses sterilisasi, ekstraksi menggunakan enzim, dan pemurnian. Teknologi proses terpilih menunjukkan rendemen minyak kelapa sawit (IPO) yang dihasilkan sebesar 62.23% dan limbah cair 57.77%. Analisis biaya produksi diperoleh harga biaya produksi sebesar Rp 6 163.94. Hasil analisis nilai tambah sebesar Rp 1 681/kg dengan rasio nilai tambah 0.19% dan keuntungan Rp 1 614/kg dengan tingkat keuntungan 0.25%. Kata kunci : enzimatik, konvensional, pektinase, selulase, tanase, Palm oil is a plantation plant producing food oil, industrial oil, and vegetable oil fuel. Conventional and enzymatic methods can do palm oil extraction. The enzymatic method of this research used cellulase, pectinase, and tannase enzymes. This study aimed to evaluate the technology of the palm oil extraction process with conventional and enzymatic methods. The specific objective of this research was to determine the best technology of the palm oil extraction process with the analysis of technology comparison, mass balance, production costs, and added value of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Industrial Palm Oil (IPO). The method of this research consisted of several stages that included data collecting and data processing. The best process technology to produce palm oil was obtained by the enzymatic method using cellulase enzyme. It had high yields with good quality, efficient process, and compatible to be operated on an industrial scale. The process stage consisted of preparing raw material without a sterilization process, extraction using enzymes, and purification. The selected process technology showed that palm oil (IPO) yield produced 62.23% and liquid waste of 57.77%. The production cost analysis obtained a production cost price of Rp 6 163.94. The results of an added value analysis of Rp 1 681/kg with a value ratio of 0.19% and profit of Rp 1 614/kg with a rate of profit of 0.25%. Keywords: enzymatic, conventional, pectinase, cellulase, tannase
Keyword: enzymatic, conventional, pectinase, cellulase, tannase, enzymatic, conventional, pectinase, cellulase, tannase

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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