Judul: Karakteristik Kimia Serat Buah Kapuk sebagai Bahan Penyerap Minyak
Abstrak: Kapok fiber (Ceiba pentandra) are naturally hydrophobic and oleophilic fiber that would be usefull for oil adsorbent. This research examined of chemical composition, oil sorption capacity and its selectivity of natural and ethanolbenzene extracted fibers. Kapok fibers were taken from Madura-East Java, Pati- Central Java, and Bogor-West Java. Based on the chemical composition, kapok fibers contained holoselulosa 83.04-84.16%, alfa-selulosa 37.43-40.26%, lignin klason 13.24-16.25%, etanol-benzena solubility 1.02-1.17%, cold water solubility 0.63-0.77%, hot water solubility 4.14-4.62% and NaOH 1% solubility 19.49- 26.47%. Adsorption capacity of natural kapok fiber was in range of 30.70 to 63.20 g/g fiber, while extracted kapok fibers exhibited oil adsorption of 26.62 to 50.74 g/g fibers. Dissolution of oleophilic extractives substances seemed that was responsible for lower oil adsorption capacity. Naturally, kapok fiber has a very high selectivity to adsorb oil than that of water, therefore kapok fibers could be promoted as an oil adsorbent material with a high selectivity in the oil-water system.
Keyword: kapok fibers, oil adsorption, oleophilic, hydrophobic, chemical components

Judul: Karakteristik Kimia Kulit Buah Kapuk Randu sebagai Bahan Energi Biomassa
Abstrak: Kapuk fruit’s hull is one of the potential biomass as an alternative renewable energy. The aims of this research is to characterize kapuk fruit’s hull for biomass energy resources based on the analysis of its chemical components (holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives contents) and proximate analysis (moisture content, volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, and calorific value). Kapuk fruit’s hulls samples were taken from West, Central, and East Java. Calorific value of kapuk fruit’s hull positively correlated with lignin, extractives, and fixed carbon, however it negatively correlated with holocellulose, hemicelluloses, ash and volatile matter. Generally, kapuk fruit’s hull has good characteristics for biomass energy. Based on the chemical characteristics and calorific value, kapuk fruit’s hull from West Java is better than that from Central and East Java.
Keyword: proxymate analysis., chemicals component, calorific value, biomass energy, kapuk fruit’s hull

Judul: Antibody Responses against Newcastle Disease and Evaluation of Infectious Bronchitis Maternal Derived Antibody on Vaccinated Layers.
Abstrak: Information of maternal derived antibody (MDA) and onset of immunity after vaccination is important to determine appropriate vaccination programme of chickens. The aim of this study was to evaluate duration of Infectious Bronchitis (IB) MDA and evaluate onset of immunity Newcastle Disease (ND) vaccination among layers. All layers were vaccinated using live ND and Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD) at one day old age, and received Avian Rhinotracheitis (AR) vaccine at 4 day old age. Serum samples were collected at various ages: 7, 10, 14, 20, 22, 24, 29 and 35 day old. The presence of ND antibodies was measured by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test, whilst the presence of IB antibodies was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Our study showed that ND antibodies were at positive level until 24 day old age, and reached protective level ≥ 25 only at 7 day old age, whilst IB MDA were positive up to 17 day old age. This result indicating the needs of ND booster vaccination at least at 24 day old and IB vaccination at 17 day old age.
Keyword: antibody, Infectious Bronchitis, layers, Newcastle Disease, vaccination