Judul: Processing data radar cuaca C-Band Doppler untuk curah hujan: studi kasus Jabodetabek
Abstrak: Rainfall is one of the most important element of the weather in a region. The study of rainfall has be done with a lot of method. One of them is by using the weather radar. The weather radar is classifeid in many group according to its frequency. This radar using the Doppler Concept in its process. This research is indicated to learn the processing of weather radar C-Band Doppler including its software to get the rainfall data in Jabodetabek region and to see the movement of rain fall region with weather radar data. The processing of this radar is in the computer with Linux Operating System with many software must be included, C, Fortran, Perl, and NetCDF. The processing needs some of script which can turn the primary data which is RAW format into the rain fall data (mm/hr). Cressman modification was used in the process, in order to turn the Raw format into reflectivity. The process needs the equivalence of Marshall-Palmer, in order to turn the reflectivity into CAPPI data format and Image CAPPI format. The result of this process is in text format, which is contain longitude, altitude, height, and rain fall. This rainfall value will be able to create many weather and climate infomation, such as rain fall region, floods, and more. In this research, the aplication of rainfall data is limited into the condition of rainfall region. The rain fall data will show the movement of the rain fall in a region. Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi were area case of study. According to result, the maximum of rainfall region is happening in the east and south of Jabodetabek, one of them is Bogor. Results data also showed the decrease in altitude, precipitation will be smaller.
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Judul: Model hidrologi terdistribusi hujan – limpasan berbasis integrasi data radar cuaca dan observasi hujan permukaan di Das Ciliwung
Abstrak: Rainfall data from C-Band Doppler Radar (CDR), surface rainfall station (AWS), and water level station (AWLR) from 14 Januari to 15 Februari 2010, were used in this research to obtain the relationship between radar reflectivity and rainfall intensity (rain rate) and to simulate the rainfall - runoff in Ciliwung River basin using distributed hydrologic simulation model. Data processing were focussed on observation data during the Intensive Observational Period (IOP) at the five sites, namely: Citeko, Bogor, Serpong, Serang, and Pramuka Island. The relationship between radar reflectivity and rainfall intensity establish the empirical constants a and b which was derived from Marshall – Palmer formula, the most suitable Z – R relation from the five rainfall stations is from Bogor site. The relationship obtained for Bogor site: Z = 0.046175 R2.814297 with correlation determination is 24,19%. River flow simulations were exercised based on Bogor site relationship for three rainfall intensity levels: light rainfall (1 – 5 mm/hour), heavy rainfall (10 – 20 mm/hour), and very heavy rainfall/extreme (>20 mm/hour), while flow simulation for medium rainfall (5 – 10 mm/jam) was not done because the results showed no much difference with light and heavy rainfall. River flow simulations during the period of 22 to 24 January 2010 for light rainfall condition (1 – 5 mm/hour) indicate the flow rate has no response because rainfall use almost all for evaporation, during 4 to 6 February 2010 for heavy rainfall condition (10 – 20 mm/hour) the highest flow rate is 844,002 m3/s, and the highest flow rate of 887,66 m3/s and 760,852 m3/s occurred on 9 to 11 February 2010, with two peak flows on February 10, 2010, for very heavy rainfall condition (> 20 mm/hour). Therefore the radar technology has good potential for near real time monitoring of extreme weather in Indonesia and prediction of related floods.
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Judul: Kerentanan Strain Ikan Nila Terhadap Infeksi Streptococcus Agalactiae Penyebab Penyakit Streptococcosis
Abstrak: Strain ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) unggulan hasil pemuliaan telah banyak dilepas untuk meningkatkan produksi perikanan budidaya di Indonesia. Namun ada kendala yang dihadapi yaitu kasus kematian ikan akibat penyakit Streptococcosis yang dikhawatirkan akan menjadi penghambat keberhasilan budidaya ikan nila. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Streptococcus agalactiae. Penanganan yang kurang baik, padat tebar yang tinggi, lingkungan pemeliharaan yang buruk, manajemen pemberian pakan yang kurang baik menyebabkan terjadinya ketidakseimbangan lingkungan dan akhirnya ketahanan tubuh ikan menjadi menurun sehingga rentan terhadap serangan penyakit. Bakteri S. agalactiae memiliki kisaran inang (host range) yang luas dan kemampuan adaptasi lingkungan yang cukup baik. Berdasarkan potensi infeksi S. agalactiae yang cukup tinggi dan potensial inang yang besar, maka diperlukan informasi mengenai kerentanan antar strain ikan nila unggulan dan variasi respon imun antara ikan nila (cichlidae) dan ikan mas (non-cichlidae). Pertama, melakukan uji kerentanan empat strain ikan nila terhadap infeksi S. agalactiae NK1. Strain ikan nila yang dipergunakan adalah ikan Nila Srikandi, ikan Nila Nirwana, ikan Nila BEST dan ikan Nila Sultana. Keempat strain nila diinfeksi dengan S. agalactiae NK1 pada dosis kepadatan bakteri 103, 104, 105, 106 CFU/ekor dan satu kontrol yang diinjeksi dengan PBS, masing-masing 2 kali ulangan. Nilai LD50 yang diperoleh berkisar antara 103,20-103,45 CFU/ekor . Kedua, melakukan analisis parameter imunologis strain ikan nila dan ikan mas terhadap infeksi S. agalactiae NK1. Dipergunakan ikan Nila Srikandi yang memiliki nilai LD50 tertinggi dan ikan mas yang mewakili kelompok noncichlidae (sebagai kontrol). Ikan diinfeksi dengan S. agalactiae NK1 menggunakan dosis 103 CFU/ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ikan nila memperlihatkan perubahan pola renang (berdiam didasar, berenang tidak beraturan dan berenang berputar), perubahan anatomi makroskopis (pigmentasi, eksoptalmi, mata keruh, operkulum jernih, hemoragi pada pangkal sirip). Sintasan ikan Nila Srikandi sebesar 50% dan ikan mas 100% pada 15 hari masa pemeliharaan. Ikan mas tidak menunjukkan perubahan pola renang dan perubahan anatomi. Kematian tercepat terjadi pada ikan Nila Srikandi terjadi pada 96 jam pasca infeksi. Aktivitas lisozim menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan antara ikan Nila Srikandi dan ikan mas. Berdasarkan pengamatan terhadap preparat histopatologi diketahui bahwa otak ikan Nila Srikandi yang terinfeksi S. agalactiae mengalami meningoensefalitis, sedangkan pada ikan mas hanya mengalami meningitis. Streptococcus agalactiae merupakan patogen spesifik pada ikan nila, hal ini terbukti dengan sintasan ikan mas yang mencapai 100%.
Keyword: Kerentanan, strain nila, Streptococcus agalactiae