Judul: The Affecting Factors of Sugar Production in Indonesia due to National Sugar Self Sufficiency
Abstrak: Untuk memenuhi peningkatan konsumsi gula, pemerintah sedang gencar mendorong peningkatan produksi gula dengan target dapat berswasembada gula nasional. Akan tetapi, produktivitas gula saat ini tergolong rendah, dan produksi gula pun mengalami tren penurunan setiap tahunnya. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mendeskripsikan perkembangan agribisnis gula, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produksi gula di Indonesia, dan meramalkan pencapaian swasembada gula Indonesia tahun 2025. Data yang digunakan berupa data runtun waktu dari tahun 1966-2019 dan dianalisis menggunakan metode VECM. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada jangka pendek, produksi gula dipengaruhi oleh luas areal panen tebu dan konsumsi gula, sedangkan pada jangka panjang produksi gula dipengaruhi oleh konsumsi gula, impor gula, dan harga GKG. Peramalan hingga tahun 2025 menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan Indonesia terhadap gula impor cenderung meningkat, sehingga Indonesia tidak dapat memenuhi target swasembada gula tahun 2025., In order to fulfill the increasing of sugar consumprtion, government is aggressively encouraging an increase in sugar production to achieve sugar selfsufficiency. However, the sugar production still has low productivity, and decreasing trend each year. This study aims to describe the growth of sugar agribusiness, analyze the affecting factors of sugar production, and forecast the achievement of sugar self-sufficiency in 2025. The data has been used in this study is time series data from 1966 until 2019, and analyzed by VECM method. The result of the analysis shows that, in the short term sugar production are affected by sugarcane harvest area and sugar consumption, while in long term, sugar production are affected by sugar consumption, sugar import, and price of paddy. Forecasting until 2025 shows that Indonesia's dependence on imported sugar tends to increase, so that Indonesia cannot achieve the sugar self-sufficiency target in 2025.
Keyword: production, self sufficiency, sugar, VECM

Judul: Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Impor Gula di Indonesia
Abstrak: High sugar imports lead to import dependence that affects the domestic sugar industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the sugar industry conditions in Indonesia, measure the sugar import dependency ratio and factors that affect the import of sugar in the long run. This study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and annual time series data from 1980 to 2012. The results of this study shows that sugar consumption increasing 3.82 percent per year while the production growth of ups and downs with 2.06 percent per year and imports continued to fluctuate with 6.86 percent per year during the period 1980-2012. Indonesian sugar import dependency ratio is still quite high with an average value of 26 percent per year. Based on VECM test, variables that significantly affect the sugar import are domestic production, domestic consumption, domestic sugar prices, international sugar prices, exchange rates and import tariffs on sugar. Meanwhile sugarcane planting area variable does not significantly affect the import of sugar in both the short and long term.
Keyword: VECM, import dependency ratio, sugar imports

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology