Judul: Persamaan Alometrik Biomassa dan Massa Karbon Akar Pohon Jati (Tectona grandis Linn f.) di KPH Balapulang, Kabupaten Tegal, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Global warming isa phenomenon where the global temperature is increasing due to the green house effect (GHE) resulted from the increase in GHE emission in the atmosphere. Forests play an important role in climate change issues, especially for absorbing CO2 gas from the atmosphere. Tectona grandis Linn. f, known as jati (teak) in Indonesia, is the kind of wood which economically has a high value and is in high demand. Teak is mostly grown on Java Island; therefore, it is necessary to find out the biomass and carbon mass. The carbon is stored in the stem, branch, twig, leaf, and root. Out of the five parts, the hardest is to estimate biomass and carbon mass in root because it is located in the ground and has unreachable root branches, so that it takes a longer time and much money to count biomass and carbon mass in root. After learning the relation model of alometric equation of biomass and carbon mass in root, it is expected that the model can be used to estimate biomass and carbon mass in a tree without having to dig the root. The equation models of alometric biomass in teak root in this study showed that: the relation between root biomass and total tree biomass above ground was BA= 0,221BT0,936, the relation between root biomass and stem biomass was BA= 0,489BU0,842, and the relation between root biomass and the biomass of branch and twig was BA=1,448BC1,21, therelation between root biomass and leaf biomass was BA= 5,977BD1,25. The equation models of alometric carbon mass in teak root in relation with the carbon mass in the tree parts were as follows: root carbon mass and total tree carbon mass above ground was MA= 0,2033MT0,947, root carbon mass and stem carbon mass was MA= 0,430MB0,853, root carbon mass and the carbon mass of branch and twig was MA= 1,448MC1,22, and root carbon mass and leaf carbon mass was MA= 5,977MD1,28. Based on the models, the best model for estimating teak root biomass was BA= 0,221BT0,936 and the best model for estimating the carbon mass of teak root was MA= 0,2033MT0,947.
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Judul: Root to Shoot Ratio Biomassa dan Massa Karbon Pohon Jati (Tectona grandis L. f.) di KPH Balapulang, Perum Perhutani Unit I, Jawa Tengah.
Abstrak: Climate change, that is marked by improvement of earth’s surface temperature (global warming), is caused by human activities that increase the emmision of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere. These gasses includes carbondioxide (CO2), nitrous oxide (N2O), methane (CH4), sulphurous hexafluoride (SF6), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs). Ignition of hydrocarbonic compounds such as fossil fuels (coal, petrol fuel, and natural gas) or biomass (wood) are human activity that could cause emmision of greenhouse gasses to the atmosphere and, further, global climate change. This research objective is to observe biomass and carbon mass root to shoot ratio of teak (Tectona grandis L. f). Observation was done to 30 samples of teak, consisting of 6 tree samples in each age group of 1 to 5 year old tree. Then, calculation of biomass and carbon mass of root, stem, branch, twig and leaf is done to each sample. Biomass root to shoot ratio of each samples were analyzed by comparing root biomass value to biomass main stem value, then recompares root biomass value to total surface (stem, branch, twig, and leaves) biomass. Carbon mass root to shoot ratio were calculated by dividing root carbon mass to main stem carbon mass, which then recalculated by dividing root carbon mass to surface carbon mass. Further, expansion factors are analyzed by comparing biomass and carbon value of surface section to main stem section of samples. Biomass root to shoot ratio based on main stem is about 0,1155-0,5048 (Average 0,2296), while based to surface biomass is about 0,1090-0,4317 (Average 0,1983). Carbon mass root to shoot ratio based on main stem is about 0,1159-0,5068 (Average 0,2320), while based to surface carbon mass is about 0,1111-0,4381 (Average 0,2030). Average expansion factor of biomass for age level I-V is 1.15, while average expansion factor of carbon mass for age level I-V is 1,13. Biomass root to shoot ratio and mass carbon root to shoot ratio is comparison biomass or mass carbon root value to biomass or carbon mass of the suface (stems branche, twig and leave). Biomass expansion factor or mass carbon expansion factors is the ratio of biomass or mass carbon whole parts of carbon tree to biomass or mass carbon on the stem.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity