Judul: Effect of Addition of Several Combinations of Growth Regulatory Substances (PGR) and Pre-Treatment Media on In Vitro Growth of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) Zygotic Embryos.
Abstrak: Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) merupakan famili Arecaceae yang tumbuh soliter. Tanaman ini memiliki tandan yang ditumbuhi oleh buah aren. Buah aren memiliki embrio yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan perbanyakan secara generatif. Perbanyakan bibit aren melalui embrio diharapkan dapat menghasilkan bibit secara cepat dan berkualitas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan evaluasi pengaruh pemberian kombinasi ZPT dan media pra perlakuan pada tanaman aren secara in vitro dalam petumbuhan dan perkembangan membentuk tunas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberiaan kombinasi ZPT dan penggunaan media pra perlakuan secara masing-masing berpengaruh dalam pertumbuhan embrio aren. Pemberian kombinasi terbaik dengan BAP 7,5 ppm + IAA 2 ppm menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kontrol dalam pertumbuhan kecambah embrio aren hingga membentuk tunas dan media tanpa pra perlakuan menunjukkan hasil terbaik dalam pertumbuhan embrio menjadi tunas. Pemberian ZPT dan pengunaan media pra perlakuan berpengaruh dalam pertumbuhan embrio aren., Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) is a solitary growing family of Arecaceae. This plant has bunches overgrown with palm fruit. Palm fruit has an embryo that can be used as a generative propagation material. Propagation of palm seeds through embryos is expected to produce seeds quickly and with quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of giving a combination of PGR and pre-treatment media on sugar palm plants in vitro on growth and development to form shoots. The results showed that the combination of PGR and the use of pre-treatment media each had an effect on the growth of sugar palm embryos. Giving the best combination with BAP 7.5 ppm + IAA 2 ppm showed a significant effect on control in the growth of sugar palm embryo sprouts to form shoots and media without pretreatment showed the best results in embryo growth into shoots. The administration of PGR and the use of pre-treatment media had an effect on the growth of sugar palm embryos.
Keyword: Embryo, in vitro, pre-treatment, sugar palm

Judul: Zygotic Embryo Growth of Arenga (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) Cikadu Accession on MS and Euwens Media with Auxin 2,4 D
Abstrak: Tanaman aren merupakan tanaman dari kelompok palmae dengan nama latin Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.. Penyediaan bibit aren secara konvensional sangat sulit dilakukan sebab adanya dormansi pada testa benih sehingga kultur jaringan menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi kendala penyediaan bibit unggul dalam peningkatan produktivitas aren. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jenis media dan zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4 D yang dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada embrio zigotik aren secara in vitro. Sumber eksplan yang digunakan yaitu embrio zigotik dari eksplan yang telah ditanam pada media pra perlakuan. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor pertama jenis media dasar yaitu MS (M1) dan Euwens (M2) dan faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi 2,4 D terdiri atas 6 taraf yaitu 100 µM (T1), 120 µM (T2), 150 µM (T3), 175 µM (T4), picloram 100 µM (T5) dan 0 µM (T6). Terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan pada percobaan embrio berkecambah dan embrio belum berkecambah. Uji tetrazolium dilakukan untuk menganalisis kondisi embrio pada eksplan setelah dikulturkan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kultur embrio zigotik berkecambah belum diperoleh pertambahan jumlah akar, daun, maupun tunas. Kultur embrio zigotik selama 16 MSP secara visual menunjukkan persentase total eksplan hidup 97,65%, eksplan aseptik 75%, eksplan terkontaminasi sebesar 25% dan eksplan mati sebesar 2,34%. Persentase eksplan membentuk kalus maupun embrio zigotik sekunder sebesar 0%. Pengujian tetrazolium menunjukkan jumlah seluruh embrio yang masih hidup (kelas 1,2 dan 3) sebanyak 88,89%, dan terdapat 11,11% embrio mati (kelas 4). Media MS dan Euwens dengan penambahan 2.4 D tidak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan kalus dan tidak dapat membentuk embrio zigotik sekunder., The sugar palm plant is a plant from the palmae group with a Latin name Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Conventional supply of sugar palm seeds is very difficult because of the dormancy of the seed testa so that tissue culture is a solution in overcoming the problem of providing superior seeds in increasing sugar palm productivity. The aim of this study was to obtain the type of media and growth regulators 2,4 D which could produce the best growth in sugar palm zygotic embryos in vitro. The source of explants used was zygotic embryos from explants that had been planted on pre-treated media. This study was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors: the first factor was the basic media type, namely MS (M1) and Euwens (M2) and the second factor was the concentration of 2.4 D consisting of 6 levels, namely 100 µM (T1), 120 µM (T2), 150 µM (T3), 175 µM (T4), and picloram with a concentration of 100 µM (T5) and 0 µM (T6). There were 12 treatment combinations in the embryo germination experiment and the zygotic embryo had not germinated. The tetrazolium test was performed to analyze the condition of the embryos on the explants after being cultured. The experimental results showed that the culture of germinating zygotic embryos had not resulted in an increase in the number of roots, leaves, or shoots. The zygotic embryo culture for 16 MSP (Week After Treatment) visually showed the total percentage of live explants 97.65%, 75% aseptic explants, 25% contaminated explants and
Keyword: aseptic explants, embryos aren, euwens and blake, secondary zygotic embryos, tetrazolium test

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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