Judul: Pemberian Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Kelor (Moringa Oleifera L.) Dan Em-4 Dalam Air Minum Terhadap Hematologi Darah Puyuh Petelur
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian kombinasi ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 dalam air minum terhadap hematologi darah puyuh petelur. Sebanyak 150 ekor puyuh petelur digunakan dalam penelitian, dengan menggunakan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri 10 ekor puyuh dan dipelihara selama 6 minggu. Data yang didapatkan dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Duncan. Perlakuan terdiri atas P1 = 65 ml air minum tanpa ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 ekor-1hari-1, P2 = 63 ml air minum + 2 ml ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 ekor- 1hari-1, P3 = 61 ml air minum + 4 ml ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 ekor-1hari-1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian kombinasi ekstrak daun kelor dan EM- 4 sebanyak 2 ml dan 4 ml pada air minum ternak tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap profil darah puyuh, dengan jumlah eritrosit, hemoglobin, hematokrit, leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit dalam kisaran normal. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian kombinasi ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 tidak mengganggu kesehatan puyuh petelur., This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of administering a combination of Moringa leaf extract and EM-4 in drinking water on the blood hematology of laying quail. A total of 150 laying quail were used in the research, using the Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with 3 treatments and 5 replications, each replication consisting of 10 quail and reared for 6 weeks. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan
Keyword: ekstrak daun kelor, EM-4, hematologi darah, puyuh petelur

Judul: Application of Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract and EM-4 in Drinking Water on the Reduction of Ammonia Levels in Laying Quail Excreta
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek pemberian ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 terhadap penurunan kadar amonia ekskreta puyuh petelur serta hubungan antar peubah yang diamati. Sebanyak 150 ekor puyuh betina dipelihara dalam rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 = Tanpa ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 dalam air minum ekor-1 hari-1 (kontrol), P1 = Penambahan 2 ml ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 ekor-1 hari-1, P2 = Penambahan 4 ml ekstrak daun kelor dan EM-4 ekor-1 hari-1. Peubah yang diukur meliputi kadar amonia (NH3), protein kasar, nitrogen, kadar air, dan pH ekskreta. Data dianalisis dengan uji ragam (ANOVA) dan uji Duncan bila hasil ANOVA signifikan, serta analisis korelasi Pearson untuk hubungan antar peubah. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi ekstrak dan EM-4 tidak berpengaruh signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap kadar amonia (NH3), kadar air, dan pH ekskreta. Kombinasi ini secara signifikan menurunkan (P<0,05) kadar protein kasar dan nitrogen ekskreta pada perlakuan P1. Amonia ekskreta berkorelasi sangat kuat dengan kadar air dan pH ekskreta (r = 0,87 dan r = 0,92). Kadar protein kasar berkorelasi sempurna dengan kadar nitrogen ekskreta (r = 1,00), dan kadar air ekskreta berkorelasi sangat kuat dengan pH ekskreta (r = 0,96)., This study aimed to analyze the effects of providing Moringa leaf extract and EM-4 on the reduction of ammonia levels in layer quail excreta and the relationship between the observed variables. A total of 150 female quails were raised in a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 5 replicates. The treatments were: P0 = Moringa leaf extract and EM-4 in drinking water bird-1 day-1 (control), P1 = Addition of 2 ml of Moringa leaf extract and EM-4 in drinking water bird-1 day-1, and P2 = Addition of 4 ml of Moringa leaf extract and EM-4 in drinking water bird-1 day-1. Variables measured included ammonia (NH3) content, crude protein, nitrogen, water content, and excreta pH. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan's test if ANOVA results were significant, and Pearson correlation analysis for the relationship between variables. Results showed the combination of extract and EM-4 didn’t significantly affect (P>0.05) ammonia (NH3) content, water content, and excreta pH. This combination significantly decreased (P<0.05) crude protein and nitrogen content of excreta in treatment P1. Excreta ammonia was strongly correlated with water content and excreta pH (r = 0.87 and r = 0.92). Crude protein content was perfectly correlated with nitrogen content of excreta (r = 1.00), and water content of excreta was strongly correlated with excreta pH (r = 0.96).
Keyword: moringa leaf extract, Ammonia excreta, EM-4, layer quail

Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
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