Judul: Comparative of Pine Resin (Pinus merkusii) Productivity in Agroforestry and Non agroforestry Patterns in KPH Malang, East Java.
Abstrak: Agroforestri merupakan suatu sistem pengelolaan tanaman hutan yang dikombinasikan dengan pertanian untuk mengoptimalkan lahan yang ada, namun dalam suatu pengelolaan tidak semua menggunakan pola tanam agroforestri, ada yang hanya menggunakan pola tanam murni maupun campur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbandingan jumlah getah pinus yang menggunakan pola tanam agroforestri dan non agroforestri, serta mengetahui faktor yang mempengaruhi perbandingan hasil panenan getah pinus pada pola tanam agroforestri dan non agroforestri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produktivitas getah pinus di KU IV, V, VI pada agroforestri lebih banyak dibandingkan non agroforestri yakni sebesar 35,52 gram/pohon/hari, 48,17 gram/pohon/hari, dan 76,48 gram/pohon/hari untuk agroforestri serta 31,93 gram/pohon/hari, 36,24 gram/pohon/hari, dan 61,19 gram/pohon/hari untuk pola non agroforestri. Perbedaan pada selisih hasil produktivitas getah pinus hanya sedikit sehingga hasil uji menunjukkan pola agroforestri dan non agroforestri tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap produktivitas. Produktivitas getah pinus dipengaruhi oleh ketinggian tempat tumbuh, unsur hara, sifat genetis dari pohon, dan tenaga penyadap. Kata kunci : agroforestri, getah, non agroforestri, pinus, produktivitas, Agroforestry is a forest management system that combine between agriculture and forestry to optimize the existing land. However, the agroforestry is actually not only consisted of pure planting pattern, but also non agroforestry. This study aims to compare the pine resin production using agroforestry and non agroforestry planting patterns, and finally to determine some variation factors that influence pine resin results in both planting patterns. The results of this study shows that the productivity of pine resin of KU IV, V, VI in agroforestry is higher than non agroforestry, namely 35,52 grams/tree/day, 48,17 grams/tree/day, and 76,48 grams/tree/day for agroforestry and 31,93 grams/tree/day, 36,24 grams/tree/day, and 61,19 grams/tree/day for non agroforestry, respectively. The difference in pine resin productivity is only slight, so the test results show that agroforestry and non agroforestry patterns have no significant effect on productivity. Pine resin productivity is influenced by the altitude of the growing place, nutrients, genetic properties of the stand, and tapper labor. Keywords: agroforestry, non agroforestry, pine, productivity, resin
Keyword: agroforestry, non agroforestry, pine, productivity, resin

Judul: Produktivitas Penyadapan dan Pengumpulan Getah Pinus (Pinus merkusii) di RPH Wagir, BKPH Kepanjen, KPH Malang
Abstrak: Salah satu upaya meningkatkan produktivitas getah pinus yaitu dengan melakukan perhitungan untuk mengetahui besaran produktivitas. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas penyadapan dan pengumpulan juga harus diketahui agar dapat menjadi evaluasi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis nilai produktivitas dari penyadapan dan pengumpulan getah pinus dan menganalisis pengaruh kemiringan lahan, diameter, dan waktu kerja. Metode penelitian menggunakan time study. Hasil dari penelitian yang dilakukan diperoleh produktivitas penyadapan dan pengumpulan pada KU VI curam sebesar 21,262 pohon jam-1 dan 29,188 kg jam-1. KU VI datar produktivitas penyadapan sebesar 7,736 pohon jam-1 dan pengumpulan sebesar 15,344 kg jam-1. Produktivitas penyadapan dan pengumpulan KU IV curam sebesar 22,607 pohon jam-1 dan 34,371 kg jam-1. Produktivitas penyadapan dan pengumpulan pada KU IV datar sebesar 20,906 pohon jam-1 dan 30,839 kg jam-1. Faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas pada penyadapan dan pengumpulan yaitu waktu kerja yang memiliki hubungan sangat kuat dan berbanding terbalik. Kemiringan lahan tidak memiliki hubungan terhadap produktivitas penyadapan dan pengumpulan. Diameter tidak memiliki hubungan juga terhadap produktivitas pengumpulan., One of the efforts, to increase the productivity of pine resin, is to do calculations to find out the amount of productivity. Factors that affect tapping and collection productivity should be identified so that they can be used as an evaluation in order to increase productivity. The purpose of this study is analyze the productivity of tapping and collecting pine resin and analyze the effect of the slope, diameter, and work time. This study method is time study. The result of the research conducted obtained tapping and collection productivity at KU VI steep is 21,262 trees hour-1and 29,188 kg hour-1. KU VI flat the productivity that is tapping of 7.736 trees hour-1and collection of 15.344 kg hour-1. The productivity of KU IV steep tapping and collecting is 22,607 trees hour-1 and 34,371 kg hour-1. In addition, the productivity of tapping and collection at KU IV flat is 20,906 trees hour-1 and 30,839 kg hour-1. The factors which affect productivity in tapping and collection are that working time which has a very strong and inversely significant correlation. The slope has no significant correlation to productivity in tapping and collection. The diameter has no significant correlation to productivity in the collection.
Keyword: pine resin, time study, working time, productivity

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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