Judul: Acclimatization and field cultivation test of an in vitro propagated seaweed (Kappaphycus alvarezii Doty) seed in the sea
Abstrak: In traditional aquaculture, propagation seeds of seaweed are usually obtained through vegetative technique. Nowadays, in vitro technique is applicable to get high-grade seaweed seeds. This study aimed to determine the best medium for micropropagule and fertilizer effect on young plantlets of Kappaphycus alvarezii. This study also performed to compare growth of seaweeds between vegetative and in vitro technique. The results showed that seawater medium with 20 ml l-1 provasoli enriched seawater fertilizer showed significant specific growth rate (4.65%) over three other medium treatment during culture in laboratory. However, during culture in greenhouse, seawater medium with 5 ml l-1 PES and 1.2 mg l-1 Growmore, a commercial fertilizer showed significant over two other medium treatment. In the last study, seaweeds from provasoli enriched seawater fertilizer treatment during acclimatization showed the highest growth (108,00 g) compared to the others when cultured in the sea. However, cultivation seaweeds from in vitro technique has better growth than vegetative technique.
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Judul: Aklimatisasi Rumput Laut Kappaphycus alvarezii Hasil Kultur Jaringan dengan Kepadatan yang Berbeda dalam Akuarium di Rumah Kaca
Abstrak: Seaweed is one leading commodity of Indonesian, which has a large market, both domestically and exports. The successful cultivation of seaweed must be support by the use of supreme seeds seaweed. Availability of supreme seeds can be helped with breeding techniques through tissue culture. Seeds produce by tissue culture accustomed alive with sterile sea water in the bottle, beside that the seeds is not strong enough to live at sea directly, and still has a small size, so it needs to be done acclimatization. Acclimatization is the process of adaptation to the new environment. The stages of Acclimatization includes: 1) How to keep biota alive, 2) How can the biota growth, 3) How the biota can breeding. This research aimed to examine the survival and growth, as well as getting the optimum density Kappaphycus alvarezii during acclimatization in the aquarium. The seaweed placed at the base of the aquarium with early biomass density of, 95, 143, 191, dan 238 g/m33. The number of individuals were used are 33-137 individuals. Seaweed has variation in individual size and number of the talus. The length of the seeds were used are 1.6-2.2 cm and weights 0.15-0.32 g. The seaweed were cultivation in the aquarium of 90x30x35 cm filted seawater 81 L with water recirculation systems and water exchange of 50% for 2 weeks once. The parameters were measured during the study i.e., survival rate, specific growth rate, biomass and individual weights, base and middle diameter growth of thallus, length growth and total length of the thallus, the total absorption of phosphate, nitrate, orthophosphate, nitrite, and ammonia in the water. The nitrogen and phosphorus absorption by seaweed thallus were analyzed by with proximate analysis. Results of the study showed that from seaweed tissue culture at the level of different early density biomass are able to adaptation in the aquarium system and survive well with rate reaches 100%. The specific growth rate, individual specific growth rate and base diameter growth of seaweed (y) was decreases parallel with increasing initial biomass density (x) of seaweed followed consecutive equations y = 4.600–0.2801x; y = 3.929–0.1661x; dan y = 0.7883–0.1317x (P<0.2). The growth of seaweed biomass (y) was increasing up to the initial density biomass (x) of seaweed 191 g/m3, and then decline in initial density biomass (x) of seaweed 238 g/m3 follows the y = 23.73+54.99x–8.440x2 (P<0.2). Based on the highest level of nitrogen and phosphorus contens in seaweed, the optimum density is 95 g/m3, while based on the space efficiency and sea water medium, the optimum density is 143 and 191 g/m3., Rumput laut merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan perikanan di Indonesia yang memiliki pangsa besar, baik di dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Keberhasilan budidaya rumput laut salah satunya dipengaruhi oleh pengunaan bibit rumput laut yang unggul. Ketersediaan bibit unggul dapat dibantu dengan teknik pengembangbiakan melalui kultur jaringan. Bibit hasil kultur jaringan terbiasa hidup dengan air laut steril di dalam botol, selain itu masih belum kuat jika harus dipelihara langsung di laut, dan masih memiliki ukuran yang kecil, sehingga perlu dilakukan aklimatisasi. Aklimatisasi merupakan suatu proses adaptasi terhadap
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix