Judul: Cemaran Enterobacteriaceae pada Daging Ayam dari Tempat Potong Unggas Kota Bogor
Abstrak: One of the popular meat in community of Indonesia is chicken meat. The information on microbiological status in chicken meat is required to determine the quality and safety. The objective of this research was to determine the contamination of Enterobacteriaceae in chicken meat collected from poultry slaughterplace at Sentra Pemotongan Ayam Pondok Rumput, Bogor City. A total of 30 samples of chicken carcass was analysed for total of Enterobacteiaceae using plate count method with violet red bile glucose agar (VRBGA). The average number of Enterobacteriaceae in chicken was 37 536.7 cfu/g (minimum 0 and maximum 500 000 cfu/g). This results indicated a lack of hygiene practices.
Keyword: Enterobacteriaceae, chicken meat, poultry slaughterplace Bogor

Judul: Cemaran Enterobacteriaceae dalam Daging Ayam yang Dijual di Kota Dili, Timor Leste
Abstrak: Negara Timor-Leste melakukan importasi daging ayam beku dari beberapa negara serta hasil peternakannya sendiri, untuk memenuhi kebutuhan protein hewani masyarakatnya. Kontaminasi mikrob dalam daging ayam yang dijual di Timor Leste dapat terjadi di tingkat penjualan, sehingga tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui cemaran Enterobacteriaceae pada daging ayam yang dijual di pasar Kota Dili, Timor-Leste. Sebanyak 150 sampel daging ayam segar dan beku diambil dari pasar tradisional dan modern di Timor-Leste. Pengujian jumlah Enterobacteriaceae dilakukan menggunakan metode hitungan cawan dengan media Violet Red Bile Glucose agar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan jumlah Enterobacteriaceae pada sampel daging ayam yang dijual di Timor-Leste adalah 28.613,1±99.322,8 CFU/g dengan jumlah cemaran Enterobacteriaceae paling tinggi sebesar 103.658,3±199.900,4 CFU/g pada sampel daging ayam broiler Timor Leste dan paling rendah sebesar 1.216,7±2.975,2 CFU/g pada daging ayam lokal Timor Leste. Rata-rata jumlah cemaran Enterobacteriaceae pada sampel daging ayam segar yang berasal dari Timor Leste sebesar 52.437±101.437,8 CFU/g, sedangkan pada sampel daging ayam beku yang diimpor Malaysia, Amerika dan Brazil sebesar 16.562,233±34.391,067 CFU/g. Tingginya jumlah Enterobacteriaceae dalam daging ayam yang dijual di pasar menunjukkan tingkat higiene dan sanitasi yang buruk pada saat penanganan dan penjualan ayam di Timor Leste., Timor-Leste imports frozen chicken meat from multiple countries and from their own farm to fulfill the population’s need for animal protein. Microbial contamination of chicken meat may occur during the trading stage, hence, the aim of this study was to determine the microbiological quality of chicken meat based on the number of Enterobacteriaceae contamination in chicken meat from Kota Dili, Timor-Leste. A total of 150 fresh and frozen chicken meat samples were taken from traditional and modern markets in Dili, Timor-Leste. The total plate count method with a Violet Red Bile Glucose agar media was used to determine the Enterobacteriaceae number. The results obtained shows that the number of Enterobacteriaceae on the chicken meat sample sold in Timor-Leste is 28.613,1±99.322,8 CFU/g, with the highest being 103.658,3±199.900,4 CFU/g and the lowest 1.216,7±2.975,2 CFU/g for Timor Leste broiler and native chicken meatrespectively. The average number of Enterobacteriaceae contamination in fresh chicken meat samples was 52,437±101,437.8 CFU/g and in frozen chicken meat samples was 16,562.233±34,391.067 CFU/g.The high total average of Enterobacteriaceae indicates high contamination in chicken meat, which is associated with poor hygiene and sanitation during the handling and trading of chicken meat in Timor-Leste.
Keyword: chicken meat, Enterobacteriaceae, sanitation, Timor-Leste

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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