Judul: Waste from Pot Fishery Operation and its Management Strategies in Indramayu District
Abstrak: Sampah operasional adalah sampah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan di kapal saat trip penangkapan ikan, meliputi alat tangkap dan sampah perbekalan. Sampah dari alat tangkap ini dapat menghasilkan Ghost gear. Ghost gear adalah alat tangkap yang hilang, dibuang, dan ditinggalkan di perairan dan masih mempunyai kemampuan menangkap ikan. Pada Desa Karangsong, Kecamatan Indramayu, sering terjadi kasus jaring aktif menyeret tali bubu dan menyebabkan hilangnya 100-200 bubu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi ghost gear, identifikasi faktor penyebabnya, merumuskan penanggulangannya, dan mengestimasi limbah dari aktivitas penangkapan bubu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PPI Karangsong dengan metode survei. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa estimasi ghost gear bubu adalah 28.178 unit/tahun. Faktor hilangnya bubu tertinggi adalah konflik dengan nelayan lain. Sementara faktor tertinggi bubu dibuang dan ditinggalkan adalah bubu rusak. Rumusan penanggulangan ghost gear di kecamatan Indramayu adalah pendataan lewat asosiasi nelayan lokal serta dialog dengan nelayan jaring aktif. Estimasi limbah yang dihasilkan nelayan bubu Kecamatan Indramayu adalah sekitar 4.961,93 Kg/tahun., Operational waste is generated from fisheries activity, including fisherman's supplies and fishing gear waste. Fishing gear waste can produce Ghost gear. Ghost gear is fishing gear that is lost, discarded, or abandoned in the waters and still can catch fish. In Karangsong Village, Indramayu District, there are frequent cases of active nets dragging trap ropes and causing the loss of 100-200 pots. This research aims to estimate ghost gear, identify the causal factors, formulate mitigation efforts, and assess waste from trap fishing activities. This research was conducted at PPI Karangsong using a survey method. The analysis used is statistical and descriptive. The research results show that the estimated ghost gear trap was 28,178 units/year. The highest factor in fish trap loss was conflict with other fishermen. Meanwhile, the highest factor for traps being discarded and abandoned is damaged traps. The recommended ghost gear mitigation is data accumulation through local fishermen's associations and dialogue with active net fishermen. The estimated waste produced by trap fishermen in Indramayu District was around 4,961.93 kg/year.
Keyword: bubu, ghost gear, Indramayu, Karangsong, sampah operasional

Judul: Estimation of Potential Ghost Gear in Gillnet Fisheries and its Prevention Efforts at Karangsong Fish Landing Base, Indramayu
Abstrak: Ghost gear merupakan salah satu bagian dari marine debris yang diakibatkan oleh alat tangkap yang hilang, dibuang, dan ditinggalkan di perairan. Alat tangkap yang berpotensi besar menyebabkan ghost gear adalah jaring insang. Sebanyak 87,6% alat tangkap yang beroperasi di Karangsong adalah jaring insang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan perikanan jaring insang di PPI Karangsong, mengestimasi jumlah ghost gear, mengidentifikasi faktor penyebabnya dan merumuskan upaya penanggulangan untuk mengurangi terjadinya ghost gear di PPI Karangsong. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PPI Karangsong, menggunakan metode survei. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mayoritas kapal yang digunakan di PPI Karangsong adalah <5 GT, dengan nelayan yang merupakan nelayan penuh. Jumlah ghost gear yang terjadi dalam satu tahun terakhir sebanyak 2.464 piece atau 123.214 m dan kerugian mencapai Rp10.338.204.580. Penyebab terjadinya ghost gear disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor yaitu tersangkut karang, konflik, dan cuaca yang buruk. Beberapa cara yang direkomendasikan untuk mengurangi ghost gear yaitu sosialisasi ghost gear, standarisasi gear marking, implementasi pelaporan ghost gear, dan penerapan teknologi modern., Ghost gear is part of marine debris caused by abandoned, lost, or otherwise discarded fishing gear in the waters. Fishing gear that has the most significant potential to cause ghost gear is gillnet. Fishers operate this fishing gear as dominant as 87,6% in Karangsong. The research aims are to describe the fishery gillnet in PPI Karangsong, estimate the number of ghost gear, identify the causes, and formulate efforts to reduce the number of ghost gear in Karangsong. The research was conducted at PPI Karangsong, based on survey methods. A descriptive analysis dan statistical analysis was applied in this study. The result showed the majority of vessels used in PPI Karangsong were <5 GT, with a fisher who is a full-time job. The number of ghost gears in the past year was 2,464 pieces or 123,214 m, and losses reached 10,338,204,580 IDR. Ghost gear is caused by snagging, conflict, and bad weather. The recommended efforts to minimize ghost gear are socialization, gear marking standardization, implementation of ghost gear reporting, and application of modern technology.
Keyword: Fishing gear, Ghost gear, Gillnet, Marine debris, PPI Karangsong

Judul: Prenilasi Senyawa β-Diketon sebagai Prekursor 3-Prenilflavon
Abstrak: One group of flavonoids that has not been commonly synthesized is 3- prenylflavone. The main objective of this experiment was to synthesize precursor of 3-prenylflavone. Firstly, β-diketone was synthesized via 4 steps from phenol as starting compound with total yield of 24%. Prenylation of β-diketone with prenyl bromide and K2CO3 base produced 4 fractions which were separated by using preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) with n-hexane:EtOAc (8:2) as the eluent. Fraction with Rf = 0.80 was further separated by using preparative PTLC with n-hexane:EtOAc (99:1) as the eluent. Two fractions were obtained with Rf = 0.38 and 0.42. The first fraction has been characterized as diprenylated β-diketone with 49% yield. Application of protecting group on the phenolic OH group in β- diketone are needed to obtain monoprenylated β-diketone which can be further cyclized into 3-prenylflavone
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