Judul: Modal Sosial dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Lestari di Kabupaten Wonogiri Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Some researchs on the private forest have been done across continents with various themes. This study aimed to measure the level of social capital in the management of private forest, and analyze their effects on the private forest performance. The research was conducted by using survey method. Two villages in two district were purposively selected. Respondents were randomly selected from each villages with total number of 60 respondents. The results showed that the level of social capital in two communities in the management of private forest is high, based on strongly rules and solidarity. High social capital has facilitated the awakening of the good private forest performance, characterized by good levels of high private forest productivity, as well as the on going sustainable management of private forest, benefits in the rules of fair management and efficient cost of private forest management. Strong social capital encouraged better performance. This study concludes that social capital of Wonogiri community is still strong. Considering the high social capital in the community, the authors suggest a need to increase the parties, especially the government to support forest management through the enhancement of the role, facilitating the expansion of social networks, and strengthening to aplicate the rules to the public.
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Judul: Peran Modal Sosial Masyarakat Dalam Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat dan Perdagangan Kayu Rakyat (Kasus di Kecamatan Giriwoyo, Kabupaten Wonogiri, Propinsi Jawa Tengah)
Abstrak: Currently various community-based forest resources are found to have been able to save forests from extinction. It's rationale necessitates the need to incorporate social capital in community forest management and timber trade. The research objectives were (1) to identify and assess individual characteristics, elements of social capital and community timber trade patterns, (2) to determine and analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and the elements of social capital as well as community timber trade patterns, (3) to obtain the most appropriate strategy in the management of community forests and timber trade. Data were analyzed descriptively, using Spearman rank correlation, SWOT and QSPM analyses. The individual characteristics of farmers, based on the assessments, were in the medium category. The social capital was at the high level, at which people are generally committed to joint efforts, effective collaboration, collective and institutionalized action, expressing ideas to increase productivity, maximize mutual benefit and positive interdependence. The elements of community timber trade observed were the pattern of sale time, marketing chain and the sale system in three channels. The individual characteristics that were significantly correlated with the elements of social capital were age, formal education, non-formal education, income, and social status. The individual characteristics correlated with the pattern of the timber trade were the levels of formal and non-formal education, income and social status. The social capital that was correlated with the trade pattern in the certified sites was proactive measure, while in the uncertified location, apart from the proactive measures, the network had a positive correlation with the pattern of community timber trade. The selected strategy to strengthen management of community forests and timber trade was by improving people's knowledge of forest management and timber trade, which includes good cultivation people and timber trade patterns by conducting extension, training and development.
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Judul: Sintesis Nano Hidroksiapatit Berbasis Cangkang Telur Bebek Berbantukan Iradiasi Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Iradiasi gelombang mikro telah digunakan untuk membantu sintesis nano hidroksiapatit. Kalsium sebagai prekursor untuk sintesis nano hidroksiapatit diperoleh melalui kalsinasi cangkang telur bebek, sedangkan H3PO4 digunakan sebagai sumber fosfor. Hidroksiapatit disintesis dengan variasi daya dan waktu iradiasi gelombang mikro. Sampel yang diperoleh dikarakterisasi dengan XRD, FTIR, SEM, dan EDS. Kalsinasi pada 1000 oC menunjukkan bahwa data tersebut sesuai dengan pola XRD CaO dan komposisi kalsium tertinggi adalah 65.46%. Gugus fungsi yang muncul pada spektra FTIR diantaranya, OH-, PO4 3-, dan CO3 2-. Sampel yang diiradiasi pada daya tinggi 400 W dan waktu 45 menit menunjukkan ukuran kristalit dan partikel kecil. Citra SEM menunjukkan bahwa nano hidroksiapatit memiliki morfologi berbentuk oval. Karakterisasi EDS menunjukkan bahwa hanya oksigen, fosfor, dan kalsium yang terdeteksi. Rasio molaritas Ca/P sampel adalah 1.68 hampir mendekati rasio hidroksiapatit sebesar 1.67.
Keyword: Calcination, Precipitation, SEM, XRD