Judul: Biodelignifikasi Limbah Tanaman Jagung Menggunakan Kapang Pelapuk Putih Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Abstrak: Lignocellulose is the major structural component of plants which represents a major source of renewable organic renewable. Lignocellulose composed of three major components. They are cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Corn stover is lignocellulosic material which have large potential for the development future products. Corn stover consists of cellulose (36,81%), hemicelluloses (27,01%), lignin (15,70%), ash (6,04%) and other material (14,44%). Lignin is complexs macromolecules. Lignin is further linked to both hemicelluloses and cellulose forming. Lignin acts as a barrier for hydrolysis of cellulose. Biodelignification is use technologies with enviromentall-friendly such as biology system, use advantages from organisms to separated cellulose fiber from lignin. Some white-rot fungi has used to lignin degradation. The most commonly utilized fungus is the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The goal of this research is to determine of effects, temperature, and fungus addition to to find the best condition in the bidelignification process of corn stover with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The lowest number for temperature and fungus addition were consecutively 30oC and 2,5 ml. While for the highest number were consecutively 70oC and 10 ml. Methods that was used to know the best condition was response surface method. The experimental result shows that significant factor in biodelignification is temperature. The best condition from corn stover biodelignification is estimated 30oC, 10 ml fungus addition. In this condition, corn stover contents from 1,671 gram lignin, 1,868 gram hemicellulose, and 2,514 gram α-cellulose, with beginning weight before biodelignification is 10 gram (dry). So that condition to produce lignin removal 11,73 % (0,222 gram), α-cellulose removal 24,59 % (0,82 gram) and hemicelllulose removal 32,44 % (0,897 gram).
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Judul: Biodelignifikasi Substrat Limbah Tanaman Jagung Menggunakan Kapang Pelapuk Putih Pleurotus ostreatus
Abstrak: Corn Stover is one of lignocellulosic biomass that potent as resources of energy such as bioethanol. The most important component is it’s polysacaride. But, in the fact, lignin with the strong structure as barrier to convert polysacaride to be bioethanol. So that, need pre-treatment to degradation lignins with biological treatment (biodelignification), use white rot fungus Pleurotus ostreatus. The objectives of this research is to determine of temperature, and fungus addition effects to find the best condition in the biodelignification process of corn stover. The experiment of design is use Respond Surface Methodology with Central Composite Design. Factors are used: temperature (x1) in range 30 – 70 (oC) and fungus addition (x2) in range 2.5 – 10 (ml). The main respond that’s analyzed are concentrate of lignin, hemicelluloses, and alfacelluloses in corn stover. The experimental result shows that significant factor in lignins and alfacelluloses removal are temperature and fungus addition. In hemicelluloses removal, temperature and fungus addition are unsignificant factors. Respond surface models: L = 1.85 – 0.12 x1 + 0.069 x2 – 4.510-3 x1x2 + 0.076 x12 – 0.17 x22, HE = 7.394, a = 1.94 - 0,19 x1 + 3.52x10-4 x2 – 0.047 x1x2 + 0.18 x12 – 0.062 x22. The best condition from corn stover biodelignification is estimated 30oC, 2.5 ml fungus addition, with lignin removal 4.97 % (0.094 grams), hemicellulose removal 0.18 % (0.005 grams) and alfacellulose removal 34.19 % (1.140 gram) with beginning weight before biodelignification is 10 grams (dry).
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Judul: Integration of Islamic Stock Markets of OIC Countries Before and During the Russia-Ukraine War Crisis
Abstrak: Pasar saham yang terintegrasi memberikan dampak negatif seperti percepatan co-movement (pergerakan bersama) yang rentan terhadap guncangan ekonomi, maupun krisis pasar global ke pasar domestik. Salah satu krisis yang terjadi pada tahun 2022 adalah perang Rusia-Ukraina yang berdampak pada pasar saham, termasuk pada saham syariah yang dipercaya lebih tahan terhadap guncangan krisis global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perkembangan, integrasi dan respon lima pasar saham syariah negara OKI pada perang Rusia-Ukraina. Metode yang digunakan adalah VAR/VECM pada indeks DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, dan SPBMIU. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pergerakan yang sama pada pasar saham UAE dan Arab Saudi, sedangkan Turki mengalami tren positif selama perang. Pasar saham syariah negara OKI selama periode perang Rusia-Ukraina terkointegrasi, sementara pasar saham Malaysia memengaruhi pasar saham syariah empat negara OKI lainnya. Hasil IRF menunjukkan terdapat efek permanen pada volatilitas pasar saham syariah negara OKI akibat guncangan yang diberikan. Namun, respon volatilitas relatif kecil karena kontribusi guncangan lebih didominasi oleh pasar saham itu sendiri, An integrated stock market has negative impacts, such as accelerating co-movement, which is vulnerable to economic shocks and global market crises on the domestic market. One of the crises in 2022 was the Russia-Ukraine war which impacted the stock market, including Sharia stocks which were believed to be more resistant to the shocks of the global crisis. This study examines the development, integration, and response of OIC countries five Islamic stock markets in the Russia-Ukraine war. The method used is VAR/VECM on the DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, and SPBMIU indices. The results show the same movement in the UAE and Saudi Arabia stock markets, while Turkey experienced a positive trend during the war. The Islamic stock market of the OIC countries during the Russia-Ukraine war was cointegrated. In contrast, the Malaysian stock market influenced the Islamic stock markets of the other four OIC countries. The IRF results show a permanent effect on the volatility of the Islamic stock market in OKI countries due to the shocks given. However, the volatility response is relatively small because the stock market itself dominates the contribution of shocks.
Keyword: co-movement, OIC, Rusia-Ukraine war, sharia stock market integration