Judul: Implementasi modifikasi metode Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum pada Audio Watermarking
Abstrak: Today, through the development of technology, digital data is easier to make, manipulate, and even misused for harmful purposes, such as the falsification of property or copyright infringement. The misuses can be overcome by using digital watermarking technique. In this paper, wave audio files (.wav) used as digital data was given watermark using modified frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) method. The audio files were given watermark “Indonesia” with variant multiplier (scaling factor), spread to the audio files by hopping. The quality of watermarked audio was measured using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and questionnaire from 30 respondents. Analysis is concerned on the process of the running time of watermark insertion and detection, changes in quality watermarked audio related to the use of scaling factor and the bit error watermark detection results. To test the resilience of the watermark, watermarked audio were attacked using several operations. Based on the analysis results, increasing the value of scaling factor causes a decrease in the quality of watermarked audio, marked by the decline in value of SNR. The highest SNR value is 70.5147 dB for rock music. Based on the results of the questionnaire, 86.00 % of respondents said that watermarked audio volume the equal to the original audio files and 94.67 % of respondents said that noise were not heard from the watermarked audio were. For the bit error watermark, increasing the value of scaling factor causes a decrease in percentage of bit error watermark detection. The percentage of the highest bit error watermark occurs on instrument music (5.010 %). The results of resilience of the watermark test showed modified FHSS method was resistant against resampling operation, addition of noise with small amplitude and multiple watermarks, but this method was not resistant to cropping operations.
Keyword: Digital watermarking, Audio watermarking, FHSS, Spread spectrum, Watermark

Judul: Implementasi modifikasi metode frequency hopping spread spectrum pada audio watermarking
Abstrak: Today, through the development of technology, digital data is easier to make, manipulate, and even misused for harmful purposes, such as the falsification of property or copyright infringement. The misuses can be overcome by using digital watermarking technique. In this paper, wave audio files (.wav) used as digital data was given watermark using modified frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) method. The audio files were given watermark “Indonesia” with variant multiplier (scaling factor), spread to the audio files by hopping. The quality of watermarked audio was measured using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and questionnaire from 30 respondents. Analysis is concerned on the process of the running time of watermark insertion and detection, changes in quality watermarked audio related to the use of scaling factor and the bit error watermark detection results. To test the resilience of the watermark, watermarked audio were attacked using several operations. Based on the analysis results, increasing the value of scaling factor causes a decrease in the quality of watermarked audio, marked by the decline in value of SNR. The highest SNR value is 70.5147 dB for rock music. Based on the results of the questionnaire, 86.00 % of respondents said that watermarked audio volume the equal to the original audio files and 94.67 % of respondents said that noise were not heard from the watermarked audio were. For the bit error watermark, increasing the value of scaling factor causes a decrease in percentage of bit error watermark detection. The percentage of the highest bit error watermark occurs on instrument music (5.010 %). The results of resilience of the watermark test showed modified FHSS method was resistant against resampling operation, addition of noise with small amplitude and multiple watermarks, but this method was not resistant to cropping operations.
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Judul: Enteric Collibacillosis Pada Anak Babi Baru Lahir: Patogenesa dan Perubahan-Perubahan Patologisnya
Abstrak: Diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada anak-anak babi baru lahir yang peka terhadap en terotoksin produk bakteri tersebut. Dikenal sebagai colibacillosis. Patogenesa dari colibacillosis anak babi baru lahir adalah (1) infeksi oleh E. coli patogen, (2) proliferasi E. coli di lumen usus halus, (3) produksi dan pelepasan enterotoksin, dan (4) aktifitas toksin pada usus halus. Dalam proses proliferasi, adanya antigen pili K88 sangat penting karena memungkinkan bakteri perlekatan dengan epitel mucosa usus halus. mengadakan Setelah ko lonisasi dan proliferasi segera toksin dilepaskan. Akti- fitas toksin menginduksi sekresi yang berlebihan dari u- sus sehingga banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan ke lumen usus. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak cairan dan elektrolit hilang sehingga timbul diare, dehidrasi dan asidosis yang sering menyebabkan kematian. Perubahan-perubahan patologis yang umum adalah dis tensi usus halus, dilatasi lambung dan infark pada kurva- tura mayor. Perubahan-perubahan histologis yang terjadi adalah enteritis hemorrhagica acuta, oedem dan kongesti pembuluh darah di lamina propria, akumulassi leukosit inti polimorf, sel monosit, dan inti sel mengalami piknosis Thrombus pada vena dan degenerasi serta desquamasi sel epitel usus….
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