Judul: Performance Evaluation of Multi-Storey Building Structures using Pushover Analysis with Spectrum Capacity Method and Displacement Coefficient
Abstrak: Frekuensi kejadian gempa bumi yang tinggi di Indonesia mendorong kebutuhan untuk merencanakan bangunan sesuai dengan standar tahan gempa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja struktur bangunan bertingkat dan menentukan tingkat kinerjanya. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis pushover. Struktur bangunan dimodelkan menggunakan perangkat lunak ETABS, dengan pembebanan yang sesuai dengan standar SNI 1726:2019, 1727:2020, dan PPPURG 1987. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa struktur gedung dapat dikatakan stabil dalam pengecekan pengaruh P-Delta, namun belum memenuhi batas izin simpangan inelastik. Titik kinerja berdasarkan FEMA 440 didapatkan nilai sebesar 303,618 mm untuk arah X dan 285,934 mm untuk arah Y. Sedangkan berdasarkan FEMA 356 target perpindahan didapatkan nilai sebesar 313,997 mm untuk arah X dan 295,493 mm untuk arah Y. Rasio daktalitas arah X sebesar 1,446 dan untuk arah Y sebesar 1,42. Selain itu, didapatkan nilai redaman efektif sebesar 5,88% untuk arah X dan 5,81% untuk arah Y., The high frequency of earthquake events in Indonesia drives the need to plan buildings according to earthquake-resistant standards. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the performance of multi-storey building structures and determine their performance level. The method used in this research is pushover analysis. The building structure was modeled using an ETABS software, with loading in accordance with the SNI 1726:2019, 1727:2020, and PPPURG 1987 standards. The analysis results show that the building structure can be said to be stable in checking the influence of P-Delta, but has not yet met the inelastic deviation permit limit. The performance point based on FEMA 440 obtained a value of 303.618 mm for the X direction and 285.934 mm for the Y direction. Meanwhile, based on FEMA 356, the displacement target obtained a value of 313.997 mm for the X direction and 295.493 mm for the Y direction. The ductility ratio in the X direction is 1.446 and for the Y direction is 1.42. In addition, an effective damping value of 5.88% was obtained for the X direction and 5.81% for the Y direction.
Keyword: ATC-40, earthquake, pushover analysis, structure performance

Judul: Analisis Kekuatan Struktur Pada Bangunan 8 Lantai Berdasarkan Respon Spektrum SNI 03-1726-2019 Menggunakan SAP2000
Abstrak: Suatu struktur bangunan gedung atas beberapa elemen penyusun strukturnya. Indonesia merupakan daerah rawan gempa karena dilalui oleh jalur pertemuan 3 lempeng tektonik. Upaya mitigasi kegagalan struktur di Indonesia akibat gempa sangat perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi kinerja struktur bangunan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan pemodelan menggunakan software SAP2000 serta menganalisis kekuatan struktur pada bangunan 8 lantai terhadap gempa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan tiga skenario dengan metode respon spektrum. Penyesuaian as built drawing perlu dilakukan karena terdapat perbedaan antara gambar rencana dengan kondisi existing. Pada hasil identifikasi kegagalan struktur Gedung X terdapat kegagalan pada saat beban gempa diinputkan. Terdapat 2 frames yang mengalami overstress pada skenario tiga. Berdasarkan hasil analisis simpangan antar lantai dan efek P-Δ, Gedung X dinilai aman karena nilai yang didapat tidak melebihi simpangan izin. Rekomendasi struktur berupa penambahan dimensi kolom menjadi 500 mm × 500 mm, serta pembesaran diameter tulangan menjadi 32 mm., A building structure consists of several structural elements. Indonesia is an earthquake-prone area because it is traversed by the meeting point of 3 tectonic plates. Mitigation of structural failures in Indonesia due to earthquakes really needs to be done to determine the performance conditions of these building structures. The purpose of this research is to perform modeling using SAP2000 software and to analyze the structural strength of an 8-storey building against earthquakes. The research was conducted using three scenarios with the response spectrum method. Adjustments to the as built drawings need to be made because there are differences between the plans and the existing conditions. In the identification results of the failure of the X Building structure there is a failure when the earthquake load is input. There are 2 frames that experience overstress in scenario three. Based on the analysis of the deviation between floors and the P-Δ effect, Building X is considered safe because the value obtained does not exceed the permit deviation. Structural recommendations include adding column dimensions to 500 mm × 500 mm, and increasing the reinforcement diameter to 32 mm.
Keyword: Gempa, Respon spektrum, SAP2000, Struktur

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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