Judul: Uji Serologi Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) pada Tanaman Tomat (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Abstrak: Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV), a whitefly-transmitted and phloem-limited Crinivirus infecting tomatoes worldwide, is reported for the first time occur in Indonesia in 2006. In tomato, ToCV cause interveinal yellowing that developed initially on lower leaves and then progressed to the upper part of the plant. Affected plants were less vigorous and yielded less due to reduced fruit growth and delayed ripening. Polyclonal antiserum has been already produced using capsid proteins of ToCV expressed in Escherichia coli. Reaction and titer of the antiserum were analyzed in this research. Serological reactions were analyzed using agarose gel precipitation test (AGPT) and dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). The titer of the antiserum was measured using undiluted sap prepared from ToCV-infected tomato leaf tissues. Based on the research result, the ToCV antiserum was specifically reacted with ToCV antigen. AGPT and DIBA gave a strong positive signal if the antiserum was reacted with ToCV-containing sap, but there no any positive signal if the antigen extracted from healthy tomato plant. Using AGPT method, the titer of the antiserum was only 1/2, but using DIBA the titer was reach up to 1/10000. The DIBA, therefore, considered as a reliable serological method for the ToCV using this antiserum.
Keyword: dot immunobinding assay., antiserum titer, agarose gel precipitation test

Judul: Reaksi dan Titer Antiserum Monoklonal Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) terhadap Antigen Virus pada Tanaman Tomat.
Abstrak: Tomato cholorosis virus (ToCV) commonly infects tomato plants worldwide. The virus induces chlorosis disease on the plants and causes significant economic losses. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction is the only method available for ToCV detection. But, currently, a monoclonal-like antiserum was successfully produced using an antigen containing oligo 16 amino acids generated based on ToCV coat protein gene. The aims of the research were (1) to analyze the antiserum reaction to the viral antigen in tomato plant and (2) to measure the titer of the antiserum. Serological reactions were analyzed using agarose gel precipitation test (AGPT) and dot immunobinding assay (DIBA). The titer of the antiserum was measured using undiluted sap prepared from ToCV-infected tomato leaf tissues. Based on the research result, there is no any precipitation of antigen-antibody complex visible on AGPT, and there for, this serological method was not reliable for analyzed serological reaction of the virus. On the other hand, DIBA gave a strong positive signal if the antiserum was reacted with ToCV-containing sap, but there no any positive signal if the antigen extracted from healthy tomato plant. Using this method, furthermore, the titer of the antiserum was reach to 1/10000. The DIBA, therefore, considered as a reliable serological method for the ToCV using this monoclonal antiserum
Keyword: reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction., dot immunobinding assay, antiserum titer, agarose gel precipitation test

Judul: Karakteristik lompatan hidrolik terhadap pelimpah terjunan pada saluran segi empat
Abstrak: Aliran dengan kecepatan tinggi dalam kondisi superkritis yang melintasi bangunan pelimpah, sebelum bergerak lebih jauh ke arah hilir saluran dimana bilangan Froude (F) lebih besar dari satu harus diubah menjadi aliran subkritis dimana bilangan Froudenya lebih kecil dari satu. Aliran yang meninggalkan kaki pelimpah merupakan aliran yang memiliki kandungan energi yang amat berarti sehingga dapat menimbulkan pengikisan yang besar. Pengubahan bilangan Froude dari kondisi superkritis ke subkritis dimaksudkan agar terjadi perubahan kandungan energi, sehingga aliran menjadi non erosive. Agar daya erosive aliran dapat berkurang, maka biasanya pada bagian hilir dari bangunan pelimpah dibuatkan suatu bangunan peredam energi. Erosi yang terjadi di hilir bangunan pelimpah dapat disebabkan dari keberadaan bangunan pelimpah itu sendiri, maupun bangunan peredam energi yang kurang tepat. Hal ini terutama menyangkut beberapa kejadian lompatan hidrolik yang timbul pada bangunan peredam energi tersebut.. Suatu metode yang efektif untuk menjamin bahwa lompatan hidrolik selalu terjadi pada daerah yang dilindungi, adalah dengan menggunakan bangunan peredam energi yang terdiri dari beberapa tipe dengan..dst
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