Judul: Relationship between Starch and Amino Acid Levels of Broiler Diets on Growth Performance and Feed Efficiency
Abstrak: Broiler chicken industry is a very important in Indonesia. Feed efficiency is very necessary to support it. One technique to improve broiler performance is to consider about starch level and the ratio to amino acid in the feed formulation. In addition, protein is composed of amino acids with a certain ratio of the amino acid lysine (ideal protein concept model). Starch is a part of carbohydrate as important energy source for broiler chickens. The amount of starch is still not taken into account in predicting the energy content of a material. Starch provides a more than 50% of energy requirement in broiler feed which based on corn and soybean meal. Starch generally has very high digestibility, but the rate of degradation in the intestine varies (Weurding et al. 2001). Feed with the starch content gradually broken down in the small intestine, will provide continuous glucose into the bloodstream. Glucose in the blood will be responded by the release of insulin which plays an important role in the transport of glucose and protein into muscle during growth (Fox 1996). Continuous availability of glucose to the posterior part of the small intestine, could prevent the use of amino acids as an energy source for the intestinal wall (Weurding et al. 2003). The rate of starch digestibility in the jejunum is faster than the protein (Liu et al. 2013). The existence of the unconformity between the rate of starch digestibility and protein, leading to differences in the growth of chickens given feed wheat and sorghum (Black et al. 2005). The aims of this study was to determine the feeding effect of diets containing different starch and amino acid levels on growth performance and blood parameters. In this study, 240 day old chicks were distributed to 6 treatments using a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replications. Three treatments were fed with high starch (36%) and three others were fed with low starch (32%). Both type of diets were formulated as isocaloric with three levels of total lysine, varying from 1.34%, 1.43%, 1.48% for starter period (0-21 days) and 1.18%, 1.3%, 1.35% for finisher period (21-35 days). Parameters were observed among feed intake, feed conversion, weight gain, blood glucose levels, blood uric acid levels, insulin levels, the absorption of starch in the small intestine and absorption of protein. The result showed that feed containing 36% starch and amino acid based on 1.34% lysine for starter period and 1.18% lysine for finisher period gave the highest weight gain.The feed containing 36% starch and amino acid based on 1.43% lysine for starter period and 1.3% lysine for finisher period gave the best feed conversion. Level of starch and amino acid in the feed affected to the protein absorption, insulin and uric acid level in the blood serum. Ratio starch and amino acid were positively correlated with weight gain (r=0.573, P<0.05) and feed consumption (r=0.550, P<0.01). Starch absorption in the small intestine were positively correlated with weight gain (r=0.461, P<0.05) and negative correlated with feed convertion ratio (r= -0.482, P<0.05). The conclusion of this study was ratio of 36%
Keyword: amino acid, broiler performance, glucose, insulin, starch

Judul: Starch digestibility and metabolizable energy of various particle size of corn and its effects on broiler performance
Abstrak: Jagung merupakan bahan baku dan sumber energi utama dalam ransum ayam broiler. Ketersediaan jagung yang terbatas menyebabkan harganya yang semakin mahal sehingga meningkatkan biaya produksi pemeliharaan ayam broiler. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ukuran partikel yang tepat untuk ayam broiler untuk meningkatkan kecernaan nutrisinya sehingga penggunaan ransum lebih efisien. Penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan pati dan energi metabolis pada ayam broiler yang diberi perlakuan pakan dengan jagung yang berbeda ukuran partikel. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap yaitu in vitro dan in vivo. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan uji in vitro dengan menggunakan pakan berbentuk crumble dengan bahan baku jagung ukuran diameter rata-rata geometris 1.904 mm, 0.637 mm dan 0.356 mm. Hasil uji in vitro dianalisa deskriptif dengan 3 perlakuan dan 2 ulangan. Data hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan nilai kecernaan pati pada jagung yang memiliki rata-rata diameter 0.356 mm memiliki nilai kecernaan pati yang paling tinggi, dan nilai kecernaan pati semakin menurun dengan semakin besarnya ukuran partikel jagung yaitu 0.637 mm dan 1.904 mm., Corn is the main energy source and the main raw material in broiler feed. The study was conducted to evaluate the starch digestibility and metabolize energy in broiler chickens with different corn particle size. Research carried out by two stages: in vitro and in vivo. In the first stage performed an in vitro study using local corn particle geometric mean diameter (GMD) 1.904 mm (P1), 0.637 mm (P2) and 0.356 mm (P3). Starch digestibility was also measured in crumble and pellet form. Data from in vitro study showed the value of the corn starch digestibility of P3 was highest digestibility of starch and starch digestibility values decrease with increasing size of the particles of corn. The same result occurred in the measurement of starch digestibility in corn that has been formulated into the form of a crumble and pellet feed.
Keyword: Broiler, Metabolic energy, Particle size, Broiler feed, Roller mill, Pellet Feed

Judul: PEmetaan Kawasan Peka Bencana Tsunami di wilayah Pesisir propinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Abstrak: Kondisi geologi Indonesia yang merupakan pertemuan lempeng-lempeng tektonik menjadi kawasan Indonesia memiliki tingkat kerawanan yang tinggi terhadap bencana alam seperti gempa bumi, tsunami dan rawan letusan gunung api. Gempa bumi yang terjadi di dasar laut mengakibatkan pergolakan massa air yang dapat menghasilkan gelombang besar atau disebut tsunami.
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