Judul: Daya Tahan IgY Spesifik Terhadap Influenza dan COVID-19 dalam Balsam Bibir
Abstrak: Influenza and SARS-CoV-2 virus are respiratory infections and require antiviral medications due to severe consequences. Utilization of specific immunoglobulin Y (IgY) inserted in personal care products were developed. The aim of this study was to evaluate durability of specific IgY against influenza and COVID-19 in lipbalm. The concentration of IgY used in this research was 0.1% and 0.25%. Three groups were observed: control (C) lipbalm without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) lipbalm with 0.1% IgY and treatment 2 (T2) lipbalm with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic tests were conducted and recorded which includes the sense of smell, colour and consistency for six weeks. The presence of IgY in lipbalm was evaluated using enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) and neutralizationassay. There were some noticeable changes of organoleptic that can be observed such as colour darkened and texture hardened of the lipbalm. Most of the assays gave negative results in T1 and T2, whilst only few of them were doubtful. Our result indicated that IgY concentration of 0.1% or 0.25% in lipbalm were not optimal. However, the negative result might be due to the unavailability of IgY in the product to be dissolved in deionized water since we used beeswax as lipbalm component.
Keyword: Covid-19, egg yolk immunoglobulin Y, lipbalm, influenza

Judul: Durability of Biologically Active Influenza and Covid-19 Specific Immunoglobulin Y Inserted in Handcream
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan imunoglobulin (Ig) Y spesifik dalam sediaan kosmetik merupakan salah satu upaya pencegahan infeksi virus yang dapat dikembangkan. Penelitian ini mempelajari ketahanan aktivitas biologis IgY spesifik influenza dan COVID-19 dalam handcream sebagai pencegahan infeksi virus. Konsentrasi IgY yang digunakan adalah 0,1% dan 0,25%, dengan tiga perlakuan: kontrol (K), handcream dengan 0,1% IgY (P1), dan handcream dengan 0,25% IgY (P2). Produk disimpan pada suhu ruang selama 5 minggu dan dilakukan duplo. Pengamatan organoleptik dilakukan dengan melihat perubahan aroma, warna, dan konsistensi. Peneliatian ini mengevaluasi aktivitas IgY dalam handcream menggunakan ELISA dan uji netralisasi. Pengamatan organoleptik menunjukkan tidak ada perubahan pada K dan P1, tetapi terjadi perubahan aroma pada P2 mulai minggu ke-2 dan perubahan konsistensi pada minggu ke-5. Hasil uji ELISA terhadap influenza A, influenza B, dan SARS-CoV-2 sebagian besar menunjukkan hasil negatif atau dubius pada kedua perlakuan, sementara uji netralisasi menunjukkan penghambatan pada sampel P1 sepanjang 5 minggu pengamatan dan pada minggu pertama untuk P2. Meskipun stabilitas IgY belum optimal pada suhu ruang, uji netralisasi menunjukkan potensi IgY spesifik sebagai bahan aktif antiviral dalam kosmetik. Diperlukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengoptimalkan stabilitas dan efektivitasnya., The utilization of specific immunoglobulin (Ig)Y in cosmetic preparations is one of the efforts to prevent viral infections that can be developed. This research studies the durability of influenza-specific IgY and COVID-19 in handcream for preventing viral infections. The IgY concentrations used were 0.1% and 0.25%, with three treatments: control (K), handcream with 0.1% IgY (P1), handcream with 0.25% IgY (P2), and all done in duplicates. Organoleptic observations were made by looking at changes in aroma, color, and consistency. The study evaluated IgY activity in the handcream using ELISA and neutralization test. After 5 weeks of storage at room temperature, organoleptic observations showed no change in K and P1, but aroma changes were noted in P2 from week 2 and consistency from week 5. ELISA test results against influenza A, influenza B, and SARS-CoV-2 mostly showed negative or dubious results in both treatments. The neutralization test showed inhibition in P1 throughout the 5 weeks and in the first week for P2. Although IgY stability at room temperature is suboptimal, it holds potential as an antiviral ingredient in cosmetics. Further research is needed to optimize its stability and effectiveness.
Keyword: antibody, covid-19, handcream, immunoglobulin Y, influenza

Judul: Penyelesaian Stacker Crane Problem dengan Algoritme Largearcs dan Smallarcs
Abstrak: In graph theory, the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) aims to determine the shortest route with minimum cost, in which only certain edges or arcs are necessarily traversed. One type of RPP is Stacker Crane Problem (SCP) which deals with a mixed graph but only arcs are necessarily traversed. SCP can be solved by using two heuristic algorithms, i.e. Largearcs and Smallarcs algorithms, which include other algorithms in their steps, such as: Dijkstra algorithm to determine shortest route, Hungaria method to determine minimum bipartite matching, Prim algorithm to determine minimum spanning tree, and van Aardenne-Ehrenfest & de-Bruijn algorithm and Fleury algorithm to determine Euler circuits. The shortest Euler circuit resulted from two heuristic algorithms can be used to find a solution of SCP. The application of SCP is illustrated in establishing the minimum distance route of catering delivery.
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