Judul: The Use of Thidiazuron, 2, 4 - D and Giberellin in Formation of Somatic embryo of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz by in vitro culture
Abstrak: Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz, representing one of the tropical forest plant species which exp loited as plant medicinize and pertained world rareness. To be able to make balance to storey, level request of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz simplisia raw material and saving it from destruction, require to be by activity of conservation, one of the effort by in vitro culture forming of somatik embryo. Somatic embryo by in vitro is forming of embryo from cell is non sexual which is culture. Somatic embryo application beside for the of quickly, also can be yielded by the amount of seed which is not limited its amount, as well as to support program repair of crop. This research to know giving influence and regulator dose grow, consist of 2 attempt. I. Factorial Attempt which use completely randomized experimental disign, what consist of 2 factor, first is thidiazuron concentration which consist of 4 level, that is 0 ppm 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, second is concentration 2, 4-D which consist of 4 level, that is 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 2 ppm .II. Factorial Attempt which use completely randomized experimental disign, what consist of 2 factor, first is thidiazuron concentration which consist of 4 level, that is 0 ppm, 2 ppm, 4 ppm, 6 ppm, 8 ppm, second is giberellin concentration which consist of 4 level, that is 0 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm, 1.5 ppm, 2.0 ppm. Pursuant to manner statistical analysis result is non parametric Kruskal-Wallis to callus score and embryo at 14 day after initiation not there are difference between treatment, but 28 and 42 day after initiation there are difference between treatment. The use thidiatzuron + 2,4-D give, forming of somatic embryo with the best treatment (6 ppm Thidiatzuron + 0,5 ppm 2, 4 D). Growth of embryo happened at age 35 day after initiation. Thidiazuron + giberellin forming of callus only.
Keyword: 

Judul: Study Regeneration of Tengerine Citrus Batu 55 (Citrus reticulata) Through Somatic Embryogenesis Path Way
Abstrak: The global world market of citrus fruit that is consumed in fresh form to the current needs to fill a category of fruit that do not have seeds, easy to peel and has an attractive color (pigmented). Tangerine citrus Batu 55 is one of the mainstay of fresh fruit horticulture. Tangerine citrus Batu 55 has superior character who naturally have had so distinguished by citrus Siam but the characters are not as good as tangerine imports. Somatic embryogenesis is an important tool for supplying new varieties to be used cultivar genetic improvement programs in citrus, this technology has been extensively used and has many important implications. The objective of this research is to produce somatic embryos of Tangerine citrus Batu 55 from nucellar embryo. The research comprised: embryogenic callus induction, callus prolifertation, maturation of somatic embryo, germination of somatic embryo, shoot multiplication, roots induction, chromosome counting, acclimatization and grafting. The results showed that the medium of Murashige & Tucker + 3 mg/l BAP + 1 mg/l 2,4-D + 500 mg /l malt extract increased the percentage of the callus formation up to 40% after 4 weeks with total number of pre-embryos (PEM ) 31.0. The medium proliferation used was MS with the addition of vitamin Morell & Wetmore (MW) +3 mg/l BAP+300 mg/l casein hydrolisat. These medium improved callus diameter up to 2.3 mm after 4 weeks cultured. Maturation of embryos was obtained by transferring globular structure in the medium MW + 2.5 mg/l ABA + 500 mg/l malt extract. These medium increased the percentage of mature somatic embryo up to 98% after 4 weeks cultured. Somatic embryos up to 84% germinated when the cotyledons grown in the medium MW + 2.5 mg/l GA3. The shoot multiplication containing MW medium + 7 mg/l biotin +500 mg/l malt extract was able to produce the highest percentage of shoot multiplication up to 86 %. The root induction containing MS medium + 3 mg/l IBA was able to produce the highest percentage of root induction up to 86%. Acclimatization of plantlets with roots increased survival rate up to 90% after 5 weeks acclimatization.
Keyword: 

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf