Judul: Optimisasi Sistem Kogenerasi Berbasis Life Cycle Assessment
Abstrak: Optimization model for cogeneration system based on life cycle assessment (LCA) is used to get operating strategy energy system that minimize energy consumption and emission which have negative effect to environment. Optimization model for cogeneration system is divided into three stages; they are energy simulation, life cycle assessment, and optimization. Life cycle assessment stage utilized three environmental impact indicators; they are primary energy consumption (PEC), global warming potential (GWP), and tropospheric ozone precursor potential (TOPP). All of indicators produced emission factor which then was used in optimization stage as a parameter. Optimization for cogeneration system problem can be modeled as a mixed integer linear programming (MILP) problem. In this paper, operating strategy and emission from an optimization for cogeneration model solution was compared with a conventional system in MILP. Cogeneration and conventional energy system were implemented by using software LINGO 8.0 with a branch and bound method.
Keyword: 

Judul: Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Industri Pengolahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) (Studi Kasus di PTPN V (Persero) Provinsi Riau)
Abstrak: LCA is a mechanism to analyze and identify environmental effect of a product on each life cycle. LCA is used to solve environmental issues related to palm oil industries. This research used LCA to identify environmental issues of CPO production process, especially on efficiency aspect and greenhouse gas emission aspect including it’s improvement scenarios. LCA method include goal and scope definition, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and results interpretation. Based on the measurement in Lubuk Dalam Palm Oil Industry, the result showed that total energy used was 6330 MJ/tonne CPO. Energy production efficiency of 1 tonne CPO expressed in Net Energy Ratio (NER) was 6.2 and Net Energy Value (NEV) was 33.03 GJ. Total GRK emission was1462.65 kg CO2 -eq per 1 tonne CPO production. Energy usage in Tandun Palm Oil Industry was 7276.7 MJ/tonne CPO with Net Energy Ratio (NER) was 5.4 and Net Energy Value (NEV) was 32.08 GJ, and total GHG emmision was 624,26 kg CO2 – eq/tonne CPO. One of significant efforts to improve energy efficiency and reduce emission is utilizing biogas from waste liquid as power plant. That scenario can reduce 970.5 kg CO2 –eq/ton CPO emission at Tandun, increase NER to 57 and NEV to 33.08.
Keyword: Net Energy, Greenhouse Gas, Life Cycle Assessment, Crude Palm Oil

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Tubuh Buaya Senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii)
Abstrak: Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan buaya besar yang rentan punah dan hanya dapat ditemukan di rawa dataran rendah, danau dan sungai di Sumatera bagian timur, Kalimantan dan Jawa Barat (Indonesia), Serawak, Semenanjung Malaysia (Malaysia) serta Brunei Darussalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong yang dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu set preparat skelet tubuh buaya senyulong. Parameter penelitian meliputi pengamatan bentuk bagian skelet yang khas, mengukur panjang dan lebar tulang, serta dibandingkan dengan skelet tubuh jenis buaya lain, biawak air (Varanus salvator) maupun literatur yang terkait dengan sistem skelet tubuh hewan. Karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong relatif mirip pada jenis buaya lain. Beberapa karakteristik yang ditemukan yaitu, proatlas pada os atlas, os axis hanya memiliki zygapophysis caudalis, bagian lateral dari ossa vertebrae cervicales yang dilengkapi dengan cervical ribs, memiliki jumlah costae sternalis yang banyak, rangkaian ossa gastralia pada abdomen, ossa vertebrae lumbales memiliki zygapophysis cranialis dengan sudut >90o dari sumbu tubuh. Selain itu, os vertebrae caudalis I memiliki caput cranial dan caudal, ossa vertebrae caudales memiliki processus transversus yang semakin memendek ke arah caudal. Di medioventral tulang ini ditemukan ossa chevron dengan hemal arch sampai menjelang akhir ossa vertebrae caudalis. Skelet tubuh buaya senyulong memiliki hubungan yang kokoh dan kompak untuk menunjang fleksibilitas tubuh untuk berjalan, berenang dan berburu mangsa
Keyword: anatomi, buaya senyulong, skelet tubuh