Judul: Identifikasi molekuler kelainan genetik Sitrulinemia dan Deficiency of Uridine Monophosphate Synthase (DUMPS) pada populasi sapi perah Friesian Holstein:
Abstrak: Kelainan genetik adalah kelainan bersifat menurun yang menyebabkan kelainan fisik atau fungsi tubuh. Beberapa kejadian kelainan genetik pada sapi perah sebagian besar disebarkan oleh pejantan unggul. Semen pejantan unggul dijadikan sebagai sumber semen dalam perkawinan inseminasi buatan. Dua diantara kelainan genetik tersebut adalah sitrulinemia dan deficiency of uridine monophosphate synthase (DUMPS). Kedua kelainan genetik tersebut mengakibatkan kelainan pada metabolisme tubuh sapi. Kejadian tersebut dapat menimbulkan kerugian bagi peternak. Produksi dan distribusi semen beku sapi perah Friesian-Holstein (FH) di dalam negeri terutama dihasilkan di Balai Besar Inseminasi Buatan Singosari Jawa Timur dan Balai Inseminasi Buatan Lembang Jawa Barat. Semen beku sapi perah FH berasal dari pejantan yang diimpor dari sejumlah negara seperti Amerika Serikat, Kanada, Perancis, Australia, New Zealand dan Jepang. Dengan demikian, kemungkinan penyebaran kelainan genetik sitrulinemia dan DUMPS dapat pula sampai ke Indonesia.
Keyword: kelainan genetik, populasi sapi perah, Friesian Holstein

Judul: Identifikasi Defisiensi Uridin Monofosfat Sintase pada Sapi Friesian-Holstein
Abstrak: Defisiensi uridin monofosfat sintase (DUMPS) merupakan kelainan genetik autosomal yang ditandai dengan kerusakan enzim uridin monofosfat (UMP) sintase. UMP sintase berfungsi mengkatalisis nukleotida pirimidin pada mamalia. Salah satu penyebab DUMPS adalah mutasi basa C menjadi basa T pada kromosom 1 (q31-36), kodon 405, ekson 5. Mutasi tersebut mengubah kodon penyandi arginin menjadi kodon stop. Kelainan genetik DUMPS pada populasi sapi FH di dunia menyebar mengikuti program inseminasi buatan. Deteksi dini DUMPS dengan polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism diharapkan dapat mencegah kerugian dari segi ekonomi dan keturunan yang dihasilkan. Sebanyak 177 sampel darah sapi FH dari Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul Baturraden, peternakan Pondok Rangon Jakarta, peternakan rakyat Lembang, dan Balai Inseminasi Buatan Lembang berhasil di genotiping. Tiga dari jumlah tersebut karier DUMPS yang berasal dari induk betina sapi FH di peternakan rakyat Lembang. Dari empat peternakan tersebut frekuensi genotipe sapi FH normal sebesar 98,3 %, sapi FH karier sebesar 1,7%, frekuensi alel sapi FH normal 99,15 dan frekuensi alel sapi FH karier 0,85. Kontrol genetik dan kesehatan sapi ternak dalam program inseminasi buatan dapat mencegah penyebaran alel resesif DUMPS. Adanya sertifikat bebas DUMPS dan penyakit kelainan genetik lainnya untuk pembelian sperma pejantan dari luar dan manajemen pola perkawinan yang baik dan benar dapat mencegah masuknya alel mutan DUMPS di peternakan sapi FH di Indonesia.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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