Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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Judul: Estimation of Life Weight of Madura Fat Tail Sheep Based on Morfometric Measurements
Abstrak: Ukuran tubuh domba dapat digunakan untuk menaksir bobot hidup dan memberi gambaran bentuk tubuh sebagai ciri khas suatu bangsa tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga bobot hidup domba berdasarkan ukuran morfometrik tubuh panjang badan, lingkar dada, dan dalam dada domba di Pulau Madura pada umur dan jenis kelamin berbeda. Materi yang digunakan data sekunder dari pengukuran morfometrik tubuh domba ekor gemuk (DEG) madura dengan jumlah 86 ekor domba dan dibedakan menjadi empat kelompok berbeda umur dan jenis kelamin yaitu betina I0, betina I2, jantan I0, jantan I2. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier ganda dengan persamaan Y = β0+ β1X1+ β2X2+...+ βnXn. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran tubuh panjang badan, lingkar dada, dan dalam dada DEG dapat digunakan untuk menaksir bobot hidup dengan pengukuran morfometrik memiliki tingkat pengaruh yang sangat signifikan dengan nilai koefisien determinasi dan korelasi yang berpengaruh sangat kuat
Keyword: bobot hidup, domba ekor gemuk madura, pendugaan bobot hidup, morfometrik