Judul: Sifat Fisik dan Organoleptik Minuman Instan Madu Bubuk dengan Penambahan Efek Effervescent dari Tepung Kerabang Telur
Abstrak: Egg shell is one of animal by products from poultry. Egg shell has potential element that we can explore to raise nutrition value of food products. A lot of advantages if we combine egg shell with other food materials. Eggshell element that can be used for further process is CaCO3. CaCO3 contains a lot of carbonate and calcium. Carbonate from egg shell can be used to create effervescent effect in instant beverages. Effervescent effect will appear as a result from reaction between carbonate and acid element. Instant beverage which used in this research was honey powder. Combination between honey powder and egg shell would create product which contain high nutritional ingredients. Completely Randomized Design with three level treatments and four replications was used in this research. Physical characteristics which observed were pH value, solubility value, adsorption water value, bulky capacity, colour and granules shape. Organoleptic parameters were taste, colour, sparkle, effervescent effect, general acceptability. Analysis of variance showed that the treatments were significantly different (P<0,05) in pH value (level A had lower pH value and level C was the higher one), adsorption water value (level A had lower adsorption water value and level C was the higher one) and general acceptability (level B was the best acceptability than others) . The results from this research indicate that egg shell can used as carbonate source to create effervescent effect in beverages. Continuing research could be done to increase sweetnest level, to analyze kinds of packaging matter and to analyze kinds of saccharides from this product.
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Judul: Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Minuman Instan Madu Bubuk dengan Penambahan Kerabang Telur sebagai Sumber Kalsium
Abstrak: Egg shell has a big potential about its calcium carbonate contents, approximately 94% from total weight of it. Therefore it can be used as food additive to increase human nutrition values, especially in calcium elements. The Objective of this research was to create high calcium honey powder instant beverage from honey powder (HP), egg shell meal (EM), , citric acid (CA) and sucrose (S). This research was also conducted to evaluate chemical characteristic and costumer’s acceptability of the product. This research used Completely Randomized Design with three level formulations and four replications. The formulations were (A) 45% HP, 25% S, 17% CA, 13% EM; (B) 50% HP, 25% S, 14% CA, 11% EM dan (C) 55% HP, 25% S, 11% CA, 9% EM. The result showed that formulations didn’t significantly effected water content (4,59%), titrated total acid (16ml NaOH 0,1N/g) and calcium content (221mg/100g), but significantly effected ash content (5,4–7,6%). The colour of powder, taste of sparkle, texture and general perception of the three honey powder instant were not different. On the hand, the colour of solution and taste of acid were different and the panelist liked the A formulation beverage more than the others.
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Judul: Gerak intertropical convergence zone di wilayah Indonesia
Abstrak: Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) merupakan salalı satu faktor yang mempengaruhi intensitas dan distribusi curah hujan di Indonesia. Pada umumnya daerah yang dilalui ITCZ memiliki curah hujan yang tinggi. Oleh sebab itu perlu diketahui posisi ITCZ setiap bulan. Dalam penelitian ini dikaji metode penentuan posisi ITCZ berdasarkan data Geostationery Meteorological Satellite serta pola gerak ITCZ tiap bulan. Penentuan posisi gerak ITCZ dilakukan dengan menggunakan persamaan regresi linear sederhana dan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga. Dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana dan polinom orde dua/tiga posisi ITCZ dapat ditentukan dengan ketepatan yang cukup baik. Posisi rata-rata ITCZ pada bulan Januari berada di belahan bumi selatan, sedangkan bulan April, Juli dan Oktober berada di belahan bumi utara. Dengan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga pada bulan April, Juli dan Oktober posisi rata-rata ITCZ berada 2º lintang lebih ke utara dan pada bulan Januari berada 3º lintang lebih ke selatan dibandingkan dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana. Untuk bulan Januari, April dan Juli penentuan posisi rata-rata ITCZ dengan persamaan polinom orde dua/tiga relatif lebih tepat, sedangkan dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana terjadi penyimpangan yang cukup besar. Sebaliknya untuk bulan Oktober dengan persamaan regresi linear sederhana relatif lebih tepat. Secara umum pola gerak ITCZ tiap bulan (1994-1997) mengikuti gerak matahari. Pada bulan Desember-Februari ITCZ bergerak ke selatan ekuator, bulan Maret-Mei bergerak ke utara menuju ekuator, bulan Juni-Agustus bergerak lebih jauh ke utara dan bulan September-November kembali bergerak ke selatan. Posisi rata-rata ITCZ paling selatan pada 3° LS (bulan Maret), sedangkan posisi rata-rata ITCZ paling utara pada 14° LU (bulan Agustus). Penyimpangan posisi ITCZ dapat terjadi karena pengelompokan jenis awan yang kurang spesifik, juga dapat disebabkan oleh penyimpangan sirkulasi Walker dari keadaan normal. Luas zone ITCZ pada bulan Januari, April, Juli dan Oktober berubah-ubah baik dalam tahun yang sama maupun antar tahun (1994-1997).
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