Judul: Karakter Ekobiologi Ikan Oskar (Amphilophus citrinellus Günther, 1864) sebagai Dasar Pengendalian Ikan Asing di Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Midas cichlid is an alien fish species found in Ir. H Djuanda Reservoir and known to be disrupting the stability of the native fish population. This research was conducted in order to analyze the ecobiological characteristic of the fish such as food composition, distribution, growth, reproduction, food utilization and food similarity with other fish species in the area. The samples were taken from six stations from October 2011 to January 2012 in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir, in the Province of West Java. Gill nets were used with mesh-size of 1, 1,5, 2, 2,5, 3, 3,5 and 4 inches. The total number of fish being caught during those times were 657 individuals, with six of 12 species caught being native species, while the rest were alien species. Midas cichlid dominated the amount of fish caught (460 individuals). This fish has a total body length and weight ranges between 62–210 mm and 4.81–187.18 gram, respectively. The growth pattern showed that this fish is positive allometric. The condition factor of this fish tended to be similar throughout the stations. Midas cichlid was in good condition at the time sampling occurred The sex ratio of midas cichlid was even at 1:1. The size of mature males and females individuals were 125 mm and 121 mm, respectively. Total fecundity ranged between 729–3,299 of eggs. This fish is a partial-spawning type. Midas cichlid is an omnivore species and usually consumed all sorts of food within the feeding ground. The diet of this fish include phytoplankton, zooplankton, mollusks, earthworms and small fish in general. According to the index of preponderance, this kind of fish prefers to eat zooplankton. There were occurence of food ontogenetic variance found from this fish. Other fish species thought to be utilizing in the same way the small-sized, medium-sized, and the large-sized midas cichlid does is Barbonymus balleroides. Midas cichlid is being considered as an invasive spesies in Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir and its existence should be controlled. The controlling could be done preventively and curatively. Preventive controlling could be conducted by sorting the fry population that would be stocked into the reservoir and by ensuring the fish hatchery used was free from midas cichlid fry. Curative controlling could be done by using a well-planned and scheduled catching method using a 1.5 inches gill nets in the litoral area body of water.
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Judul: Reproduksi ikan cichlid di Waduk Cirata, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: This study aims to analyze some aspects of cichlid fish reproduction (tilapia, oscar, and goldsoum) in reservoir Cirata. This research was done from February to July 2012. Fish samples obtained using gillnet in reservoir Cirata. Analysis ware done to determine fish abundance, diversity, evenness and fish dominance, relation between length and weight, condition factor sex ratio, gonad maturity, gonad somatic index, fecundity, and oocyte diameter. Cichlid fish ware 357 individual consisted of tilapia 166 individuals (46.49%), oscar 106 individuals (29.69%), and goldsom 85 individuals (23.80%). Amount of tilapia and oscar were abundant in maleber station, as for goldsoum were abundant in Tegal Datar station. The highest diversity (H’) is in Maleber station (2.15). The highest spesies evenness (E) was in DAM station (0.79) and the highest species dominanc was in Maleber station (0.84). Tilapia, oscar and goldsoum growth pattern are isometric. The highest condition factor for tilapia was in Februari 2012; the highhest condition factor for oscar and goldsoum was in May 2012. During the study, sex ratio (male:female) of tilapia ranged from 1.0:0.5 to 1.0:1.6, oscar from 1.0:1.3 to 1.0:0, and goldsom from 1.0:0 to 1.0:1.8 (test "chi-squere" at 0.05 significance level). First mature gonad of male and female tilapia was 209 mm and 179 mm, oskar 144 mm and 141 mm, and goldsoum 146 mm and 136 mm. Based on the level of maturity of gonads and gonad somatic index, tilapia had spawning peaks in May and July 2012, oscar and goldsoum had spawning peaks in July 2012. Fecundity of tilapia ranged from 1636 to 5068 eggs, oscar ranged from 1241 to 2757 eggs, and goldsom ranged from 1914 to 4003 eggs. Oocyte diameter of tilapia was 0.4-4.36 mm, oskar was 0.63-2.39 mm dan goldsoum was 0.25-2.45 mm. Based on the oocyte diameter distribution, the type of spawning tilapia, oscar and goldsoum was a partial spawning.
Keyword: Cichlid fish, Cirata Reservoir, Reproduction

Judul: Rumus parameter bagi persamaan super pythagoras
Abstrak: Tripel bilangan bulat positif yang memenuhi persamaan Pythagoras disebut tripel Pythagoras. Misalkan u dan v adalah parameter dari bilangan asli, maka kita dapat menunjukkan bahwa (x, y, r) dengan rumus parameter x = -v, y2uv, dan adalah tripel Pythagoras. Penanıbahan suku atau pangkat dalam persamaan Pythagoras menghasilkan persamaan yang kita sebut persamaan Super Pythagoras sebagai berikut: dengan 22 dan kan Jadi persamaan Pythagoras adalah salah satu bentuk persamaan Super Pythagoras. Masalah yang dibahas dalam tulisan ini adalah mencari rumus parameter yang ideal, yang memenuhi persamaan Super Pythagoras (PSP). Rumus parameter bagi PSP yang berpangkat dikatakan ideal jika sebanyak mungkin memenuhi sifat bahwa rumus parameternya berlaku bagi PSP dengan jumlah saku sesedikit mungkin dan dapat diekspansi, serta sesedikit mungkin fungsi-fungsi parameter yang sama dalam rumusnya. Pencarian rumus parameter yang ideal bagi persamaan Super Pythagoras merupakan masalah baru dalam teori bilangan. Menurut Cong Philip, yang mengkhususkan diri mempelajari teori bilangan, masalah ini diperkenalkan oleh Ke Cao pada tahun 1967 dalam salah satu suratnya. Ke Cao menyatakan bahwa persamaan Super Pythagoras penting dalam teknologi di abad mendatang. Rumus-rumus parameter yang berhasil diturunkan adalah rumus yang mengandung satu parameter dan dua parameter, yang berlaku bagi persamaan Super Pythagoras dengan tingkat 2, 3, 4, 5 dan 6. Beberapa hasil pengamatan dari runus-rumus parameter tersebut adalah sebagai berikut: • Rumus satu parameter umumnya lebih ideal daripada rumus dua parameter; semma rumus satu parameter dapat diekspansi • Umumnya, rumus parameter yang diperoleh semakin kurang ideal apabila tingkat PSP semakin tinggi. • Setiap PSP dengan pangkat tertentu mempunyai rumus dua parameter yang barkarakter menyolok (ada nilai x, yang sekawan dengan nilai r). • Ada nilai x, dalam PSP, yang diberikan oleh rumus parameter yang ideal, yang merupakan kelipatan dari pangkat PSP-nya
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