Judul: Konsumsi Tepung Kedelai dan Isolat Protein Kedelai Memengaruhi Profil Reproduksi Tikus Jantan dan Betina F0 dan F1
Abstrak: Beside as protein source, soy flour and soy protein isolate contain isoflavone. Many research have shown that isoflavone has beneficial effect for female reproduction but the effect for male and their offspring reproduction still unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary soy flour and soy protein isolate on growth, weight organ and testosteron & estrogen of F0 and F1 rats and reproduction profile of F0 rats. The thirty five male and female rats were divided into seven groups (n=5), there are three of soy flour groups, three of soy protein isolate for different concentration and one with casein as control group. After 30 days, the rats were mated so that entered gestation and lactation period. After lactation period, the rat's offspring were treated during 30 days. Dietary soy flour (8,69%, 13,04%, 17,38%) and soy protein isolate (10,6%, 15,91%, 21,21%) increased the sperm concentration and decreased sperm abnormality of F0 male rats than control. Moreover, dietary soy protein isolate increased motility of sperm. In addition, dietary soy flour increased level of testosterone until exceeded normal concentration. No difference effect between dietary soy flour and soy protein isolate toward level of estrogen, percent of gestation and litter size of F0 female rats and level of estrogen F1 female rats. However, dietary soy flour (10%, 15%, 20%) and soy protein isolate (15,15%, 22,72%, 30,3%) during 30 days after lactation increased growth rate of F1 rats than control.
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Judul: Efek Pakan Mengandung Isoflavon Kedelai terhadap Bobot Badan dan Kadar Androgen Serum Tikus Jantan
Abstrak: Isoflavone is a phytoestrogen. It can trigger both of estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects. Soybean was known as main source of isoflavone. It was suspected that soybean isovlavone had an antiestrogenic effect against body weight and androgen level of male rats. The objective of this research was to examine the influence of soybean isoflavone feeding against the body weight and androgen level of Sprague-Dawley male rats. Twenty eight rats were divided into seven groups which consist of one negative control group and six experimental groups (three groups were given soybean powder feedings (K1, K2, and K3) and three groups on soybean isolate feedings (I1, I2, and I3). The examined parameters were body weight, feeding consumption-efficiency, feces weight, and serum androgen levels (testosterone and dihydrotestosterone). The result showed that K2, K3, I1, I2, and I3 feeding increased body weight of male rats, whereas K1 feeding decreased them. The isoflavones used in this research has significantly reduced (p<0.05) androgen testosterone serum level. The highest reduction average percentage was on group K2 (95.11%), whiles the lowest percentage, on the other hand (16.24%) was observed on the group of I2 feeding. However, each soybean isoflavone-containing feed has insignificantly increased (p>0.05) androgen dihydrotestosterone. The highest average percentage of this increase was seen at the group of K2 feeding (325.44%), while the lowest one was on group of K1 feeding (175.05%).
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf