Judul: Improvement Mindset and Livelihood of Community Farmers Through Community Empowerment Program (Case of CECOM Foundation’s Program in Three Villages in East Kampar Subdistrict, Kampar Regency.
Abstrak: Number of community empowerment program that was launched tend to not give clear results, both qualitatively and quantitatively. Measuring the impact is usually only around on measuring changes in income, while changes in real living standards are not only influenced by changes in revenue, since many other factors related and direct impact on living standards. There is a tendency of a program to change the standard of living of beneficiaries who are very fast. This changing on standard of living usually will not have a high sustainability, so that when the program ends, the beneficiary will again become poor. This happens because there is at least an evaluation method to measure the success of the program. It is necessary to study how the description improvement mindset assisted farmer group members after involved to a community empowerment program by CECOM Foundation, How did the description of livelihood improvement of farmer group’s member after joining CECOM Community Empowerment Program as well as how to formulate participatory community development programs by CECOM Foundation. VPA analysis conducted during the three years shows that there has been a significant change in all indicators of VPA in group CECOM Foundation assisted in Kampar regency, both in the variable level indicators. However, still there are two variables that remained below a virtual line five, namely the sub-indicator of food consumption (indicator of living standard) and sub-indicator of gender mainstreaming (indicator of mindset). Based on the finding above, the design created by emphasizing the variable with the lowest value to the variable with the highest value with the expected outcome of this study is the increase in welfare and self reliance of the community.
Keyword: 

Judul: Economic Empowerment of Poor Vegetable Farmer (A Case Study at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur, Nunukan Subdistrict, Nunukan Regency, East Kalimantan Province)
Abstrak: A process of paradigm shift in development, from centralistic to decentralistic, resting on local potency and resources has occurred since post New Order. With the presence of this shift it didn’t directly indicate a significant shift of society’s economic social condition. Likewise similarly it occurred at Nunukan Regency, the development process carried out is supposed to be still less participative, where it more prioritized the development of governmental glorious infrastructure than social welfare development. In fact, at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur there are still several poor-categorized societies. The efforts conducted by government in handling a poverty problem at Nunukan are by doing an establishment of farmer groups as a measure to change the pattern of the society’s livelihood means depending on the forest and by reducing the number of existing poor people, specially at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur. The existing problem associated with this farmer group is in fact with the available assistance, the vegetable farmers can not yet increase their earnings optimally, due to the limitation of their knowledge and skills. The objectives of this study are to understand the characteristic of poor vegetable farmer, problem and cause factor and to formulate a strategy that can be developed to improve the vegetable farmer’s earning with the establishment of farmer group. This study has been carried out in three stages, those are social mapping, program evaluation, and field study with the focus of designing the strategy and program of poor vegetable farmer’s empowerment at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur. The study method used is a qualitative method. The data collecting technique used is the observation of role participating and deep interview, documentary study and focus group discussion (FGD). FGD has been conducted with the poor vegetable farmers and stakeholders available. The arranging of program design has been performed in participative with stages, those are to discuss and determine the problem faced and the problem becoming a priority, analyzing internal and external factors as well as conducting an aspiration excavating in arranging the design of society’s development program. The results of study indicate that the economic empowerment program of poor vegetable farmer s that has been formulated is the Improvement Program of human resource capacity and farmer group, divided into 2 (two) sub-programs, those are for farmer individual and farmer group, with activities in the forms of assistance, providing for free fertilizer and seeds, simple group dynamics, management training and socialization with third party (LSM and private). The success of this program implementation highly depends on the participation of poor vegetable farmers as well as the support of the stakeholders available.
Keyword: 

Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
Keyword: