Judul: Analisis multikriteria spasial dalam penentuan ketersediaan lahan sawah di Kabupaten Cianjur
Abstrak: The research was aimed to compare Boolean Combination and Weighted Linear Combination analysis methods to determine paddy field availability; to define spatial relationship between physical, economic, and legal aspects as well as sustainability related to determining agricultural land availability; and to calculate paddy field availability. Recent methodological analysis on agricultural land availability has been considering physical or socio-economic aspects, however this would not ensure proper accounting of actual agricultural land utilization. In this research, additional aspects such as land allocation policies and erosion levels, were employed and served as supplementary variables in agricultural land availability analysis, therefore minimize possibility on conflicting land utilization and ensure agricultural sustainability. Spatial analysis using Geographical Information System coupled with Multi-criteria Evaluation was employed to investigate available lands based on previous criteria. Specifically, a Weighted Linear Combination (WLC) was assessed to provide dynamic variations of weight and adaptive to different effect of each variable. Weighting by means of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) showed that physical factors (i.e. land suitability) achieved highest rank (about 16.7%), while the lowest was land utilization (6.3%). Analysis of WLC suggested that there are about 136,549 ha available for paddy field while analysis of Boolean Combination suggested 30,590 ha available for paddy field. In term of decision risk, Boolean Method was risk averse while WLC method divided the risk between aversion risk and taking risk.
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Judul: Optimasi alokasi lahan perkebunan menggunakan pendekatan multi kriteria spasial berbasis metode kontinyu
Abstrak: The proficient planning of land resource becomes a major issue for rural development in Indonesia. It endorses to estimate the capacity of land employing evaluation method. Land evaluation is carried out to estimate the suitability of land for a particular usage. However, conventional Boolean which is generally used for assessing land suitability ignores the continuous nature of soil landscape variation that can misclassify of a current site. The research objective is to apply fuzzy theory of land suitability evaluation for plantation commodity. By means of multi-criteria decision making (MCDM), the fuzzification conducted by weighing of numerous criteria using Analytical Hierarchy Process. Improving spatial allocation model will have influential meaning for a management of land. Land allocation in rural region requires the compromise between ecological condition, socio-economic development, and infrastructure availability. Using compromise programming (CP) and fuzzy set approach within a geographical information systems (GIS) environment, numerous decision criteria have been developed. Decision criteria consist of road accessibility, market distance, electrical energy, settlement distance, commodity preference of people, and land suitability. Suitable land allocation for plantation commodity is 28,650 hectares which consists of 2,702 hectares dry land forest, 21,937 hectares of dry land farming, 3,992 hectares of shrubs, and 18 hectares of open land.
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Judul: Beberapa aspek toxoplasmosis pada domba
Abstrak: Toxoplasmosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi protozoa yaitu Toxoplasma gondii. Menurut Kudo (1960), Toxoplasma digolongkan dalam filum Protozoa, sub filum Plasmodroma, kelas Sporozoa, sub kelas Telosporidia, ordo Haemosporidia, famili Babesiidae dan genus Toxoplasma. Selanjutnya Levine et al. (1980) dalam Thomas Cheng (1986), memngklasifikasikan Toxoplasma sebagai berikut : filum Apicomplexa, kelas Sporozoa, sub kelas Coccidia, ordo Eucoccidiida dan sub ordo Eimiriina dengan genus Toxoplasma. Toxoplasma gondii berkembang biak secara seksual dan aseksual. Stadium seksual terjadi di dalam epitel usus ku- cing rumah dan famili Felidae lainnya, sedangkan perkembang biakkan secara aseksual terjadi pada induk semang antara yaitu carnivora, herbivora dan mamalia (Levine, 1973). Kucing mengeluarkan ookista yang belum bersporulasi dalam feses selama 3 10 hari. Hal Ini terjadi setelah kucing tersebut memakan tikus yang telah terinfeksi bradizoit atau trofozoit atau mencerna ookista (Dubey dan Frenkel, 1976 dalam Georgi, 1980). Induk semang antara dapat terinfeksi Toxoplasma gondii bila tertulari ookista bersporulasi dari feses kucing, takhi- zoit atau bradizoit yang terdapat dalam jaringan induk semang antara yang lain, dapat juga terjadi karena terinfeksi takhizoit melalui penularan secara transplasental (Soulsby 1982). Dalam imunitas terdapat satu hal yang menarik yaitu kemampuan Toxoplasma untuk bertahan dalam makrofag yang seca- ra umum dapat membunuh organisme ekstraselular. Menurut Ian Tizzard (1981), respon kekebalan yang perta- ma dari tubuh terhadap parasit Toxoplasma gondii adalah res- pon kekebalan selular (CMI response). Sebagian besar infeksi oleh Toxoplasma gondii tidak menunjukkan gejala klinis yang jelas. Pada domba gejala klinis yang dapat terlihat berupa demam, dispnoe. tremor secara umum dan kadang-kadang terlihat adanya inkoordinasi gerak. Tetapi gejala yang paling umum terjadi adalah plasentitis diikuti abortus atau terjadi kematian foetus pada saat 3 atau 4 minggu terakhir dari kebuntingan. Selanjutnya pada domba gejala dari dikatakan juga gejala yang dapat terlihat betina adalah "circle walking" yang merupakan encephalitis (Soulsby, 1982)…dst
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