Judul: Masalah min-max spanning forest
Abstrak: Masalah Mini-Max Spanning Forest (masalah MMSF) diperlukan untuk mencari spanning forest F* dari suatu graf yang meminimumkan maksimum dari pembobot-pembobot tree, komponen dari forest tersebut. Graf yang digunakan pada masalalı MMSF berupa graf berbobot yang sederhana dan terhubungkan. Tulisan ini hanya membahas masalah MMSF dengan dua buah verteks root yang diselesaikan dengan menggunakan algoritma branch and bound.
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Judul: Penyelesaian Masalah Generalized Minimum Spanning Tree dengan Metode Heuristik Local Search
Abstrak: Generalized minimum spanning tree (GMST) is a minimum spanning tree of a graph with the nodes partitioned into some node-sets called cluster. GMST can be solved by using local search heuristic method which includes Prim algorithm in their steps to determine the minimum spanning tree. In this paper GMST problem is applied to the problem of determining the location of the primary electricity substations in every district in Palangkaraya. In each district, it will be decided a few number of villages as the location for the installation of electricity substations such that minimized the cable length
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), local search, minimum distance, generalized minimum spanning tree

Judul: Effects of Particle Shapes on Temperature Distribution under Static Ohmic Heating.
Abstrak: The ohmic heating is defined as a process wherein an alternating electrical current is passed through materials resulting in the heat generation inside the product. The excellence of ohmic heating in comparison with other thermal processing is its energy efficiency and ohmic heating could keeping nutritional as well quality attribute of food via blanching, sterilization, pasteurization, extraction, fermentation, and evaporation. Nevertheless, in ohmic heating process, the electrical conductivity of product is a key parameter. The worst case in the ohmic heating of multiphase product could be occurred when the solid phase has very lower or very high electrical conductivity than the liquid. This study aims to reveal the temperature distribution and the heating rate properties of solid and liquid phase as affected by particle shape and its orientation to the electric field. Experiments were conducted with salt solution 1% and carrot that blanched in salt solution 6%. Blanching process was conducted in order to increase the electrical conductivity of carrot close to the salt solution 1%. Ohmic heating was applied to the sample using static cell (4.90 cm diameter and 6.00 cm in length of sample area) at constant voltage gradient (40 V). Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. It was observed that the different particle shape and orientation provide the different heating rate properties. The slice particle had the fastest heating rate. Moreover the perpendicular orientation was heated faster than parallel orientation. The parallel cylindrical shape provides the slowest heating rate. This shape possibly induced the worst-case condition and could be used as sufficiency heat parameter. The heating pattern of each solid and liquid were simulated using COMSOL modeling software. The predicted temperature values were in good agreement with the experimental data with the maximum prediction error of 3 °C.
Keyword: particle orientation, particle shape, electrical conductivity, ohmic heating