Judul: Uji Vigor Benih Cabai Rawit (Capsicum sp.) dengan Metode Radicle Emergence menggunakan Analisis Citra Digital
Abstrak: The application of digital image processing technology with imageJ software at seed vigour test (Radicle Emergence test) is to obtain quantitative data of seed diameter/length, and radicle length at each observation period. Observations of the radicle emergence were carried out every three hours interval starting from 72 to 126 hours after planting. This research was conducted by observing the number of seeds that have four categories of radicle length 1mm, 2mm, 50% seed length (pjb), and seed length (pjb), and performed correlation analysis on several benchmarks of seed quality in the laboratory ( germination, vigor index, maximum growth potential, and growth rate) and in nurseries (number of leaves, plant height, and percentage of growth). Based on the test results, the radicle length category 1mm (84 hour) and 2mm (93 hour) had a strong correlation with the seed vigor benchmark (vigor index, growth rate, and percentage of growth in nursery), while the radicle length category ≥ 50% pjb and ≥ pjb only had a strong correlation with vigor index and growth rate at the same time.
Keyword: digital image processing, radicle length, rapid test of seed quality, seed

Judul: Development of a Radicle Emergence-Based Vigor  Evaluation Method for Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.) Seeds Using Digital Image  Processing
Abstrak: Uji pemunculan radikula adalah metode alternatif yang menjanjikan untuk pengujian vigor benih secara cepat. Pengolahan citra digital merupakan suatu teknologi yang dapat digunakan dalam identifikasi mutu benih menggunakan metode pemunculan radikula yang lebih akurat dan waktu yang efisien. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji cepat vigor benih yang lebih efisien dan akurat dengan metode pemunculan radikula (radicle emergence) menggunakan pengolahan citra digital pada benih kacang panjang (Vigna sinensis L.). Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisiologi dan Kesehatan Benih, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura (AGH), Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, pada bulan Oktober 2023 hingga Januari 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan pengujian yang didasarkan pada tolok ukur daya berkecambah (DB), indeks vigor (IV), potensi tumbuh maksimum (PTM), kecepatan tumbuh (KCT), rataan waktu pemunculan radikula (MRET), serta pengujian vigor pada cekaman salinitas 0,35% dan 0,7%. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor dengan empat ulangan dengan suhu perkecambahan 25 ± 2 . Penelitian menggunakan sepuluh varietas benih kacang panjang dan pengamatan uji pemunculan radikula dilakukan mulai jam ke 46 hingga jam ke 58 setelah tanam. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa pengolahan citra digital dapat digunakan secara efektif pada uji pemunculan radikula untuk pengujian vigor benih kacang panjang. Uji pemunculan radikula berkorelasi kuat positif dengan tolok ukur daya berkecambah, indeks vigor, dan kecepatan tumbuh, serta berkorelasi negatif dengan tolok ukur rataan waktu pemunculan radikula. Periode perkecambahan paling cepat yang dapat digunakan untuk pengujian uji pemunculan radikula adalah 52 jam. Penelitian ini menunjukkan potensi uji pemunculan radikula sebagai metode yang dapat diandalkan dan efisien untuk pengujian vigor benih kacang panjang, terutama ketika dikombinasikan dengan teknologi pengolahan citra digital., Radicle emergence test is a promising alternative method for rapidly evaluating seed vigor. Digital image processing is a technology that can be used to identify seed quality using the radicle emergence method that is more accurate and time efficient. This study aimed to develop an accurate and efficient radicle emergence method for long bean (Vigna sinensis L.) seed testing. The research was conducted at the Seed Physiology and Health Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture (AGH), Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University, between October 2023 and January 2024. The study utilized tests that were based on benchmarks such as germination, vigor index (VI), maximum growth potential (MGP), germination speed, mean radicle emergence time (MRET), and vigor testing under 0.35% and 0.7% salinity stress. The study used a one-factor randomized complete group design with four replications with a germination temperature of 25 ± 2?. The study used ten varieties of broad bean seeds and the observation of radicle emergence test was conducted from hour 46 to hour 58 after sowing. This study found that digital image processing can be effectively used in conjunction with the radicle emergence test for seed vigor testing on long-bean seeds. The radicle emergence test showed strong positive correlations with germination, vigor index, and growth rate, and a negative correlation with mean radicle emergence time. The earliest possible germination period for radicle emergence assays was 52 hours. This study demonstrates the potential of the radicle emergence test as a reliable and efficient method for vigor testing of broad bean
Keyword: correlation, germination period, vigor, viability

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: