Judul: Sitologi dan Tipe Reproduksi Pteris multifida Poir. (Pteridaceae)
Abstrak: Cytological observations have been carried out by several researchers in South Chine, Japan, Ceylon, Hongkong, Himalaya, and Java. The results from various regions showed that P. multifida had a fairly high genetic variation, namely diploid, triploid, and tetraploid types. Therefore cytological and reproductive study on P. multifida from its geographical distribution areas need to be done. The objectives of this research were observe the somatic chromosome number and reproductive type of P. multifida, and to recognize the relationship between morphological variation and its ploidy level as well as stomatal index. Plants were collected from several localities in Bogor. Ploidy level was determined by observing somatic chromosome number by using squash methods. Reproductive type was determined by counting spore number in each sporangium. Morphological characters examined were the stipe, lamina, pinnae, veins, and indusium. Observations of stomata and epidermis of leaves were done by making an incision paradermal leaf. Pteris multifida has two ploidy level and reproduction type, namely apogamous triploid (2n = 87) and sexual tetraploid (2n = 116). The two ploidy level could not be distinguished based on morphological characteristics, but they can be differentiated by their epidermal cells number. Apogamous triploid has fewer number of epidermal cells, the sexual tetraploid has a greater number of epidermis.
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Judul: Diversity of morphology and reproductive structure of terrestrial pteridophytes in Bogor Agricultural University, Darmaga
Abstrak: Tumbuhan paku terestrial dan kerabatnya (Pteridophyta) di kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor - Darmaga telah teridentifikasi sebanyak 56 spesies, termasuk ke dalam 30 genus dan 18 famili. Karakter struktur vegetatif diamati dan dicatat untuk keperluan identifikasi dan pembuatan kunci identifikasi. Karakter struktur vegetatif yang diamati meliputi habitus, frond, stipe, dan sisik. Karakter struktur reproduksi yang diamati menggunakan mikroskop cahaya meliputi lokasi sori, tipe indusium, tipe spora, jumlah spora per sporangium, bentuk spora, perispor, dan ornamentasi eksin. Habitus dan tipe frond membedakan antar famili Pteridophyta, sedangkan bentuk frond membedakan antara genera dalam satu famili. Spesies dalam satu genus dapat dibedakan dari bentuk sisik dan tepi lamina. Lokasi sori, tipe spora, dan bentuk spora merupakan karakter pembeda antar famili. Tipe indusium dan bentuk spora membedakan genus dalam satu famili, sedangkan ornamentasi eksin dan perispor dapat membedakan spesies dalam satu genus. Bentuk spora yang ditemukan yaitu monolet, trilet, dan globose. Ornamentasi eksin yang ditemukan yaitu glabrous, granulate, cristate, pappilous, dan echinate. Kata kunci: Pteridophyta terestrial, kunci identifikasi, struktur reproduksi, spora, ornamentasi eksin., Terrestrial Pteridophytes in Darmaga campus of Bogor Agricultural University have been identified as many as 56 species, classified into 30 genera and 18 families. Vegetatif characters were examined and reported for identification and constructing identification key. The observed characters were habit, frond, stipe, and scale. The characters of reproductive structure observed using light microscope were sori location, indusium, spore type, spore number per sporangium, spore shape, perispore, and exin ornamentation. Habit and frond type can be used to distinguish among families of terrestrial Pteridophyta, while frond shape can be used to distinguish among genera within a family. Among species within a genus can be distinguished by scale and lamina margin. Sori location, spore type, and spore shape were differed among families. Indusium and spore shapes differenciated species within a genus. Three various spore shapes were found, monolete, trilete, and globose. Five exin ornamentation were observed, glabrous, granulate, cristate, pappilous, and echinate. Keywords: Terrestrial Pteridophytes, identification key, reproductive structure, spores, exin ornamentation.
Keyword: Pteridophyta terestrial, kunci identifikasi, struktur reproduksi, spora, ornamentasi eksin

Judul: Pengaruh vaksin aktif dan inaktif terhadap kekebalan dalam pencegahan penyakit newcastle pada ayam
Abstrak: Penyakit Newcastle adalah penyakit yang bersifat infeksius dan kontagius yang menyerang unggas terutama ayam dan kalkun; menimbulkan kematian, penurunan produksi dan kwalitas telur sehingga menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar; disebabkan oleh paramyxovirus yang termasuk ke dalam golongan virus yang berinti asam ribonukleat. Virus penyebab penyakit ini terdiri atas beberapa galur yaitu velogenik, mesogenik dan lentogenik. Vaksinasi adalah salah satu cara untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit dan kerugian yang ditimbulkannya. Vaksin terdiri atas vaksin aktif dan inaktif atau vaksin dalam emulsi minyak. Vaksinasi pada umur dini adalah cara yang paling baik dilakukan. Umur ayam yang tepat mulai dilaksanakan vaksinasi adalah pada umur 4 hari, karena pada saat ini titerantibodi asal induk sudah mulai turun dan kondisi ayam sudah mulai kuat untuk dilakukan vaksinasi jika melakukannya pada ayam umur sehari. ...
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