Judul: Persentase karkas, lemak, koleseterol daging dan warna shank Broiler yang diberi ransum dengan sumber energi berbeda serta disuplementasi vitamin C dan E
Abstrak: Suhu di Indonesia yang tinggi yaitu mencapai 34° C menyebabkan broiler mudah terkena heat stress. Pemberian ransum berbasis lemak dan suplementasi vitamin C dan E diharapkan dapat mengatasi masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati persentase karkas, lemak, kolesterol dan wama shank yang diberi ransum dengan sumber energi berbeda serta disuplementasi vitamin C dan E. Penelitian ini menggunakan 160 ekor ayam broiler, dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor broiler. R1-karbohidrat, R2=lemak, R3 R1 + suplementasi vitamin C dan E, R4= R2 + suplementasi vitamin C dan E. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Peubah yang diukur adalah bobot hidup, persentase bobot karkas, lemak abdominal, kadar lemak, kolesterol daging dan wama shank pada broiler. Hasil penelitian selama 33 hari adalah bobot hidup berkisar antara 1740.75- 1933,25 g, persentase karkas 65,27-67,67%, lemak abdominal 20,08-24,40 g, kadar lemak 0,56-0,94%, kolesterol 47,56-61,34 mg/100 g dan warna shank 1,5-1,75. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tersebut tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot hidup, persentase karkas, lemak abdominal, kadar lemak, kolesterol dan warna shank. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan karbohidrat dan lemak sebagai sumber energi berbeda dengan suplementasi vitamin C dan E dengan dosis vitamin C 60 mg/L dan vitamin E 8 mg/L belum efektif mempengaruhi persentase karkas, kadar lemak, kolesterol dan wama shank pada broiler.
Keyword: Vitamin C and E, Broiler, Carcass, Fat, Cholesterol, Shank

Judul: Metabolisme lemak ayam broiler yang diberi pakan berbasis karbohidrat atau lemak yang disuplementasi vitamin E dan vitamin C melalui air minum.
Abstrak: Indonesia as a tropical country potentially lead to a less comfortable conditions for the production of broiler chickens. Stress conditions can stimulate cell membrane and tissue damage, so it can give a negative impact on the chickens, for example the liver. It is necessary to neutralize (antioxidants) lipid peroxidation and detoxification of toxic metabolic products in an effort to maintain or increase fat metabolism in the liver. Objectives of thus research were to evaluate the vitamin E and C supplementation through drinking water to overcome the existence of free radicals and lipid metabolism in the body. Research used the 160 male Ross broiler strain with weight of 38 ± 2 g with a brand CP 707 (Ross strain). For the first week, the broiler chickens were fed a commercial starter of PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, then followed by two types feed namely carbohydrate-based (PC) and fat-based (PL) rations, depend of fat level content in the feed. Vitamin C was given at 60 mg/l of drinking water and vitamin E at 8 mg/l of drinking water of PT Trouw Nutrition Indonesia. Data collection were done for 21 days after the age of 8-28 days with 4 combination treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chickens per replicate. Research using factorial completely randomized design (CRD factorial). The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by orthogonal contrast test. The data obtained were tested using the General Linear Model procedure using SAS software version 9.1. Some aspects analyzed are the malonaldehid (MDA), blood profile, blood chemistry, apparent metabolize energy, nitrogen retention, fat retention and broiler performance. The results showed that blood profile, blood chemistry, malonaldehid (MDA), relative liver weights and body weight gain were not affected (P > 0.05) due to the treatments. On the other hand total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05) were significantly affected by the treatments. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio significantly different (P < 0.01) caused by interaction of vitamin supplementation through drinking water with fat based rations. In conclusion , fat based rations is more profitable (IOFC) and improve feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens during heat stress when supplemented with vitamin E and vitamin C through drinking
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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