Judul: Sifat kimia dan viksositas minuman jelly berbahan baku yogurt probiotik selama penyimpanan pada suhu 4-7°C
Abstrak: Yogurth is a milk fermentation as a result of lactic acid bacteria, which are Streptococcus thermophillus and lactobacillus bulgaricus. Probiotic yogurt is made from yogurt and the addition of probiotic bacteria like Bifidobacterium longum and Lactobacillus acidophilus. The need for functional food increase, so that there is shape for product diversification like probiotic yoghurt to fulfill the need.
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Judul: Umur simpan yoghurt probiotik bubuk yang dikemas dengan High Density Polythylene (HDPE) dan aluminium foil berlapis low Density Polythylene (LDPE)
Abstrak: Yoghurt probiotik bubuk merupakan salah satu produk fermentasi yang dihasilkan dari kombinasi antara yoghurt dengan susu fermentasi probiotik yang telah mengalami proses pengeringan. Yoghurt adalah produk fermentasi dari susu dengan menggunakan starter Streptococcus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus bulgaricus, sedangkan susu fermentasi probiotik yang digunakan terdiri atas acidophilus milk (yaitu hasil fermentasi susu dengan starter L. acidophilus) dan bifidus milk (yaitu hasil fermentasi susu dengan starter Bifidobacterium bifidum). Yoghurt probiotik merupakan kombinasi antara yoghurt: acidophilus milk: bifidus milk dengan perbandingan 2:1:1. Pengeringan pada yoghurt probiotik bertujuan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan serta memperkecil volume produk, sehingga akan memudahkan dalam pengemasan, distribusi dan pemasaran. Jenis dan cara pengemasan yang sesuai sangat menarik untuk dipelajari karena akan menentukan umur simpan produk yoghurt probiotik bubuk yang dihasilkan, untuk itulah penelitian ini dilakukan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Produksi Ternak Perah, Fakultas Peternakan, AP4 dan Laboratorium Pusat Antar Universitas, Institut Pertanian Bogor, serta PT. Fajar Taurus Indonesia dari bulan April sampai dengan bulan Juni 2003. Bahan baku susu segar yang digunakan dipasok oleh Laboratorium Lapangan Ilmu Produksi Ternak Perah, Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Susu skim cair dipersiapkan dengan cara memisahkan lemak susu segar dengan alat cream separator dan untuk meningkatkan bahan kering ditambahkan susu bubuk (komersial) sebanyak 4% (b/v). Susu fermentasi dilakukan dengan cara melakukan pemanasan terhadap susu skim cair (80-85°C, selama 30 menit) dan diinokulasikan secara terpisah dengan masing-masing starter (5%): S. thermophilus: L. bulgaricus (perbandingan 1:1) untuk yoghurt, L. acidophilus untuk pembuatan acidophilus milk dan Bifidobacterium bifidum untuk pembuatan bifidus milk, kemudian diinkubasi pada suhu 37°C selama 17±1jam. Sebelum pengeringan dengan alat pengering semprot, kedalam yoghurt probiotik bubuk ditambahkan bahan pengisi (susu skim) sebanyak 10%, bahan kriogenik (sukrosa) sebanyak 5%, dan bahan penstabil (agar-agar) sebanyak 5%. Yoghurt probiotik bubuk yang dihasilkan dikemas dengan kemasan yang berbeda yaitu HDPE atau aluminium foil berlapis LDPE pada bagian dalamnya dan disimpan pada suhu ruang (25±1°C) dengan sebelumnya ditambahkan xantan gom (1% dari larutan). Umur simpan yoghurt probiotik bubuk ditentukan berdasarkan pada hasil pengamatan selama 56 hari, terhadap peubah yang meliputi sifat fisik (warna, bau, rasa, tekstur, dan indeks kelarutan dalam air), sifat kimia {pH aw dan Total Asam Tertitrasi (TAT)}, serta sifat mikrobiologi (viabilitas...
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Judul: Pembukaan Lahan Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) di Kebun Batang Toru, PTPN III (Persero) Tapanuli Selatan, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: The internship was conducted at Batang Toru Plantation PTPN III (Persero), South Tapanuli, North Sumatera from November 2011 until February 2012. The purposes of the internship is improve knowledge, gain work experience and studying the management aspects land clearing of oil palm, both technical and managerial aspects. The primary data were obtained directly from the field by doing discussions or interviews with the foreman and assistant division as well as through direct observation in the field. The secondary data were obtained from the company data or company records. Based on observation during the internship can be conclude that the main issues in land clearing oil palm is conducting enterpasing basically been done at wetlands, this is due to stage process and work capacity of land clearing. Field observations focused on the land clearing activities which includes several parameters : the stages of land clearing process and land clearing techniques are used, it relates to land condition, the condition of vegetation, land clearing techniques, equipment requirements and time sheet working that is obtained by comparing a standard operation of PTPN III (Persero) Plantation. PT Nusantara Plantation III (Persero) as plantation companies state-owned enterprises (BUMN), which seeks to expand oil palm plantations owned. Total land area of the concession rights of exploitation (HGU) plantation development area Batang Toru PT PTPN III (Persero) Tapanuli District is an area of 1 500 hectares by Regents consent decree South Tapanuli. Status of the land is the location permits a secondary forest and other land uses (APL). Entirely divided into 2 locations and 5 work packages groups of land with an area of each location I is 548.43 ha and 775.98 ha II locations. Land clearing palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) at Batang Toru Plantation, PTPN III (Persero), South Tapanuli, North Sumatra with the general condition of the area is the 67% of them in the form of coastal peatland with a depth of 1 – 2 m, while 33% of them are in dry area the form of land with the structure of clay soil, sand and dust. Land clearing technique used is fully mechanical engineering, non-burning and land clearing rules apply wet application of water management and road construction with the installation technique and overall gambangan in the management of most of peaty land in Batang Toru, South Tapanuli District, using standard procedures operation for peatland that has been poured in the No. Permentan. 14 of 2009. PTPN III (Persero) to cooperate with 3rd party (three) conduct land clearing by mechanical means to obtain efficient results. Occupation is conducted using a mechanical excavator with an average achievement 1 HK = 0.83 ha/HKT (8 BU/day), resulting in the complete work area 1 block area (30 ha) on average takes 37 HKT normal conditions without a hitch (weather, appliance repair).
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