Judul: Mempelajari Pembuatan Sirup Glukosa dari Pati Sagu (Metroxylon sp.) secara Enzimatis serta Analisa Keseimbangan pada Mesin Fermentor
Abstrak: Pembuatan sirup glukosa melalui dua tahap utama, yaitu proses liquifikasi dan sekarifikasi. Untuk memperoleh larutan yang jernih, dilakukan proses dekolorisasi.
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Judul: Mempelajari prises pembuatan sirup glukosa dari pati sorghum secara enzimatis
Abstrak: Tanaman sorghum adalah salah satu tanaman pangan yang menghasilkan karbohidrat, mempunyai daya adaptasi yang tinggi terhadap kondisi lingkungan yang buruk seperti kemarau yang panjang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pembuatan pati sorghum dan penggunaannya sebagai bahan baku dalam proses pembuatan sirup glukosa secara enzimatis. Selain itu untuk mengetahui pengaruh jenis varietas sorghum, pH proses saka- rifikasi dan konsentrasi enzim AMG 200 L. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan percobaan faktorial dan ulangan dilakukan seba- nyak dua kali. Faktor yang diteliti pada penelitian pendahu- luan adalah konsentrasi enzim 50 KNU, 100 KNU, 200 KNU dan 300 KNU per kg pati. Faktor yang diteliti pada penelitian lanjutan adalah jenis varietas sorghum (KERIS dan UPCA-S2), pH proses sakarifikasi (4.0 dan 4.5) dan konsentrasi enzim AMG 200 L (220 AGU, 440 AGU dan 660 AGU per kg pati). Hasil ekstraksi pati dari biji sorghum diperoleh rende- men 35.05 persen untuk KERIS dan 32.51 persen untuk pati UPCA-S2. Hasil analisa menunjükkan bahwa varietas sorghum berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen, gula pereduksi, ekuiva- len dekstrosa dan kadar abu. Faktor pH pada proses sakarifi- kasi berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen, warna dan kejerni- han sirup. Konsentrasi AMG 200 L berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen, kadar bahan kering, kadar gula pereduksi, ekuivala- len dekstrosa, kadar abu dan warna. Rendemen tertinggi diperoleh dengan kombinasi perlakuan pati sorghum varietas KERIS, pH proses sakarifikasi 4.0 dan enzim AMG 200 L konsentrasi 220 AGU per kg pati yaitu 85.03 persen. Ekuivalen dekstrosa tertinggi adalah 91.75 persen diperoleh dengan kombinasi perlakuan pati sorghum varietas KERIS, pH proses sakarifikasi 4.5 dan enzim AMG 200 L konsen- trasi 220 AGU per kg pati. Kadar abu terendah adalah 0.08 persen yang berasal dari pati sorghum varietas KERIS…
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite