Judul: Penyelesaian Masalah Pengambilan dan Pengiriman  dengan Kendala Waktu  Menggunakan Teknik Pembangkitan Kolom
Abstrak: Masalah penentuan rute kendaraan merupakan persoalan yang sering dijumpai oleh produsen, pemerintah maupun oleh penyedia jasa pengiriman barang. Salah satu varian dari masalah penentuan rute kendaraan adalah masalah pengambilan dan pengiriman dengan kendala waktu (pick up and delivery problem with time windows/PDPTW). Dalam PDPTW sejumlah rute harus dikonstruksi guna memenuhi semua permintaan transportasi (transportation request/TR). Permintaan transportasi dapat diartikan sebagai suatu permintaan pengiriman barang yang harus dibawa secara langsung dari lokasi pengambilan ke lokasi pengiriman. Setiap permintaan transportasi memiliki kendala waktu dan kendala kapasitas suatu kendaraan. Kendala waktu dalam PDPTW diartikan sebagai selang waktu untuk menunggu pengambilan atau pengiriman di suatu tempat. Rute yang dikonstruksi harus memenuhi syarat kefisibelan. Setelah semua rute fisibel ditemukan, maka harus dicari bagaimana memenuhi semua permintaan transportasi dengan biaya yang minimum.
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Judul: Multi-Product Vehicle  Routing Problem dengan Time Windows dan Penerapannya pada Penentuan Rute  Distribusi Buku
Abstrak: Vehicle routing problem (VRP) merupakan suatu permasalahan penentuan rute kendaraan yang bertujuan meminimumkan jarak tempuh atau biaya distribusi. Dalam penerapannya, permasalahan VRP ditemukan pada berbagai perusahaan dengan berbagai kendala, seperti kapasitas kendaraan, jenis dan ukuran barang yang berbeda-beda, serta pelayanan tiap pelanggan sesuai dengan time windows (selang waktu). Dalam penelitian ini akan dibahas masalah penentuan rute distribusi buku pada Percetakan Gema Insani yang terletak di wilayah Jabodetabek. Kendala yang dimiliki perusahaan terkait dengan jenis dan ukuran buku untuk permasalahan time windows pada setiap pelanggan. Permasalahan ini dapat dimodelkan sebagai Multi-Product Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MPVRPTW). Ukuran masalah yang ada membutuhkan waktu komputasi yang lama. Oleh karenanya, solusi optimal tidak dapat diperoleh. Kondisi ini dapat diatasi dengan menyelesaikan masalah ini melalui dua tahap. Tahap pertama dilakukan pengelompokan node pelanggan ke dalam empat klaster. Klaster dibentuk berdasarkan jarak antar node pelanggan menggunakan metode k-Means dengan bantuan perangkat lunak RStudio 2022. Tahap kedua ditentukan rute distribusi pada masing-masing klaster dengan model MPVRPTW menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak LINGO 19.0., The vehicle routing problem (VRP) is the problem of determining the vehicle route in order to minimize the distance traveled or distribution costs. In its application, VRP problems are found in various companies with various constraints, such as vehicle capacity, different types and sizes of goods, and service for each customer according to time windows. In this study, we will discuss the problem of determining vehicle routes to distribute books at Gema Insani Printing in the Jabodetabek area. The company's constraints include the types and sizes of books for each customer’s time windows. This problem can be modeled as the Multi Product Vehicle Routing Problem with Time Windows (MPVRPTW). The size of the problem requires a long computation time. Because of that, the optimal solution cannot be obtained. This situation can be overcome by solving this problem in two stages. The first stage is grouping customer points into four clusters. The clusters are formed based on the distance between customer points using the k-Means method with RStudio 2022 software. The second stage is determining the distribution route for each cluster using the MPVRPTW model with LINGO 19.0 software.
Keyword: klaster, cluster, multi product, vehicle routing problem, time windows

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity