Judul: Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on Total Mixed Ration Silage Quality with Different Ensilage Times
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan L. plantarum terhadap kualitas silase TMR dengan lama ensilase yang berbeda. TMR yang digunakan berupa campuran hijauan 68,63% dengan konsentrat 31,37%. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4 x 2. Faktor A yaitu lama ensilase (1, 7, 14, 28 hari), Faktor B yaitu inokulum (tanpa dan dengan inokulum). Parameter yang diukur adalah kualitas fermentatif silase (pH, asam laktat, dan amonia silase), kualitas nutrien (bahan kering, ADF, dan NDF), kualitas fermentatif rumen in vitro (pH, amonia rumen) dan kualitas kecernaan in vitro (KcBk, KcBO, dan produksi gas). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan jika data berbeda nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut Tukey menggunakan Minitab 21 versi 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lama ensilase berpengaruh sangat nyata pada semua peubah yang diukur kecuali amonia silase, BK, amonia rumen, KcBK, KcBO, dan total produksi gas (P<0,01); sedangkan penambahan inokulum berpengaruh sangat nyata pada semua peubah kecuali asam laktat, BK, ADF, NDF, pH rumen, KcBK, KcBO, dan total produksi gas (P<0,01). Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara lama ensilase 7 hari dengan penambahan inokulum (P<0.01). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah lama proses pembuatan silase terbaik dari TMR dengan rasio 68,63% hijauan dan 31,37% konsentrat adalah 7 hari dengan penambahan inokulum L. plantarum 1% dari sudut fermentatif silase, nutrien silase, fermentabilitas rumen dan sudut ekonomi., This study aimed to determine the effect of added L. plantarum on the quality of TMR silage with different ensilage times. TMR was used as a mixture of 68.63% forage with 31.37% concentrate. Factor A was ensilage times (1,7,14,28 days), and Factor B was inoculum (without and with inoculum). Parameters measured were silage fermentative quality (pH, lactic acid, and ammonia), nutrient quality (dry matter, ADF, NDF), rumen fermentative quality (pH, ammonia) and digestibility quality (KcBk, KcBO, and gas production). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and if the data were significantly different, Tukey's further test was conducted using Minitab 21 version 4.1. The results showed that the ensilage times had a very significant affected on all parameters except silage ammonia, KcBK, KcBO, gas production (P<0.01); while the addition of inoculum had a very significant affected on all parameters except lactic acid, BK, ADF, NDF, rumen pH, KcBK, KcBO, gas production (P<0.01). There was a very significant interaction between 7 days ensilage time and the addition of L. plantarum inoculum (P<0.01). This study concludes that he best silage made process time from TMR with a ratio of 68.63% forage and 31.37% concentrate is 7 days with the addition of 1% L. plantarum inoculum in terms of fermentative quality of silage, silage nutrients, rumen fermentability and from an economic.
Keyword: kecernaan, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lama ensilase, Silase TMR

Judul: Pengaruh Taraf Inklusi Leguminosa Acacia villosa dan Aditif Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 serta Dedak Padi terhadap Kualitas Silase Gabungan Rumput–Leguminosa.
Abstrak: Ensiling of Napier grass (Pennisetum purpureum) combined with potential legume (Acacia villosa) aimed to evaluate the silage quality. Experiment consisted of two factors. First, the level of legume inclusion (0, 30, 40, 50, 60, and 70 % fresh weight) and second, the use of additives (control, 5% rice bran, 1% Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2 inoculant, and combination rice bran and inoculant) were arranged in completely randomized block design of factorial treatment with three replicates. Crude protein and phenolic compound increased gradually following higher inclusion of legume. While crude fiber showed different result, higher inclusion implicated to lower fiber content (P<0.01). pH increased (P<0.01) to 4.30–4.75 by inclusion of leguminosae. Lactic acid bacteria population was lowest on legume inclusion up to 60%. Lactic acid concentration went down by inclusion of leguminosae more than 50%. Interaction between two factors was detected (P<0.01) on losses during ensiling.
Keyword: silage., rice bran, napier grass, Lactobacillus plantarum 1A-2, Acacia villosa

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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