Judul: Identification Yeast from Tempe Production Process based on Internal Transcribe Spacer Ribosomal DNA.
Abstrak: Tempe merupakan salah satu makanan tradisional khas Indonesia yang dibuat dari fermentasi kedelai dengan bantuan Rhizopus, terutama R. microsporus. Pada proses produksi tempe berbagai mikrob seperti bakteri asam laktat serta khamir dapat ditemukan. Adanya khamir pada proses produksi tempe di Indonesia telah dilaporkan sebelumnya, namun jenisnya belum diketahui. Oleh sebab itu, khamir pada proses produksi tempe perlu diidentifikasi. Khamir diidentifikasi dengan pendekatan filogenetik daerah ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA dan diperkuat dengan karakter morfologinya. Analisis filogenetik dilakukan dengan metode maximum parsimony pada perangkat lunak PAUP* 4.0b. Hasil identifikasi sebelas strain menunjukan bahwa dua strain termasuk strain khamir basidomiset (Kwoniella heveanensis dan Trichosporon asahii), tujuh strain khamir askomiset (Candida rugosa, Exophiala dermatitidis, Issatchenkia orientalis, Kodamaea ohmeri dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae), serta dua strain khamir lainnya diduga berkerabat dengan T. loubieri (basidiomiset) dan Lodderomyces elongisporus (askomiset). Sebanyak tujuh dari sembilan spesies khamir tersebut baru pertama kali dilaporkan keberadaannya pada tempe.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, ITS, Phylogenetic, Tempe, Yeast, Food microbiology, Persiapan sumber DNA, Ekstraksi DNA, Isolasi, Amplikasi DNA, Identifikasi molekus, Karakter morfologi

Judul: Analisis metagenom untuk pencirian komunitas bakteri dan fungi pada tempe
Abstrak: Tempe is an Indonesian traditional fermented food produced using Rhizopus as a starter culture. In practice, however, the starter culture as well as fermentation processes would involved a polymicrobial fermentation, which generated a unique tempe flavor and texture. This condition makes Indonesian tempe as one of the most complex fermented food, while at the same time would make it difficult to scale up tempe production with uniform quality and consistency. Because of complex microbial communities involved, cultureindependent methods or metagenomic analysis would be an essential tool to unravel this complex microbial fermentation. The aim of this study was to compare a number of tempe microbial communities based on Amplified Ribosomal Intergenic Sequence Analysis (ARISA). Fresh tempe samples were obtained from tempe producers in Java and Moluccas. 16S rRNA gene libraries and DNA sequencing were employed to analyze further the nature of microbial diversity in two selected tempe samples. The results of our study showed that different tempe producer possessed different Bacterial ARISA (BARISA) or fungi ARISA (FARISA) profiles. However, BARISA profiles were found to be more discriminative than FARISA, and therefore BARISA would be more useful for tempe genetic fingerprint or barcoding. Bacterial communities in two tempe samples (EMP and SDJD) were further investigated employing DNA sequence analysis of their 16S rRNA gene libraries. Sequences closely related to Klebsiella sp were found to be the majority among bacterial communities present in SDJD sample, while sequences closely related to Acetobacter sp. were found as predominant isolates in EMP samples. These significant differences in bacterial communities might reflect differences in tempe flavor or texture associated with their unique production or locality.
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Judul: The impact of oil fuel price subsidy policy on fiscal and national income performance
Abstrak: The objectives of this study was to analyze the impact of oil fuel price subsidy policy on fiscal and national income performance. A simultaneous equestions econometric model of oil fuel price subsidy was estimated using Two – Stage Least Squares (2SLS) method and SYSLIN procedure for the data set period of 1987-2005. The validation model of the oil fuel price subsidy policy used NEWTON method and SIMNLIN procedure. The government policy to increase oil fuel price subsidy showed that surplus of balance of trade was decreased, and the economic growth was decreased. However, the number of poor people was decreased because the inflation rate was decreased. The government policy to decrease oil fuel price subsidy showed that surplus of balance of trade was increased, fiscal deficit was decreased, and the economic growth was increased. However, the number of poor of people was decreased because inflation rate was decreased and income was increased. As the conclusion, the government policy to decrease oil fuel price subsidy was need to increase the surplus of balance of trade, decrease the deficit fiscal, increase the economic growth, and decrease the number of poor people.
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