Judul: Evaluation of The Ability of Influenza-Specific Immunoglobulin Y in Face Mist to Bind Influenza Antigen
Abstrak: Influenza adalah penyakit pernapasan akut yang disebabkan oleh infeksi virus influenza A dan B. Pemanfaatan Imunoglobulin Y (IgY) sebagai agen pencegah penyakit dapat diimplementasikan dalam kosmetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kemampuan IgY spesifik influenza dalam cairan penyegar wajah untuk mengikat antigen influenza secara in vitro. Pada penelitian ini IgY dicampur dengan cairan penyegar wajah komersil dengan dua konsentrasi, yaitu : (P1) 5% dan (P2) 10% b/v, dan sebagai kontrol IgY dicampur dengan akuades pada konsentrasi yang sama (K1 & K2) dan disimpan pada suhu ruang selama 6 minggu, tiap perlakuan dilakukan duplo. Observasi organoleptik dilakukan dengan melihat perubahan pada kekeruhan, aroma, dan warna larutan. Ketahanan antibodi dievaluasi dengan uji ELISA kompetitif dan uji SDS-PAGE. Observasi dan sampling produk dilakukan satu kali setiap minggu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perubahan aroma, warna dan kekeruhan pada P1 & P2 pada minggu pertama, yaitu aroma penyegar wajah mulai berkurang, warna tetap dan sedikit keruh, sedangkan pada K1 & K2 aroma telur yang semakin pekat teramati sampai akhir observasi, warna semakin putih dan kehijauan serta semakin keruh. IgY spesifik influenza pada P1 & P2 dapat terdeteksi sampai minggu ke-5, sedangkan pada K1 & K2 masih dapat terdeteksi sampai minggu ke-6. Pada semua perlakuan konsentrasi IgY terus menurun. Uji SDS-PAGE menunjukkan pita protein IgY utuh, fragmen Fab, rantai berat dan rantai ringan masih terdeteksi pada K1 & K2, sedangkan pada P1 & P2 hanya terdeteksi pita protein fragmen Fab, serta rantai berat dan ringan., Influenza is an acute respiratory disease caused by influenza A and B viruses infection. Utilization of yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) as a disease-preventing agent can be implemented in cosmetics. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro binding activity of influenza-specific IgY with influenza antigen in face mist. In this study, IgY were mixed with commercial face mist with two concentrations : (P1) 5% and (P2) 10% w/v, and as a control, IgY were mixed with distilled water at the same concentration (K1 & K2) and stored at room temperature for 6 weeks, each treatment was carried out in duplicate. Organoleptic observations were carried out by observing changes in aroma, color, and cloudiness of the solution. Antibody presence was evaluated by competitive ELISA and SDS-PAGE assay. Observation and product sampling were carried out once a week. The results showed changes in aroma, color and turbidity in P1 & P2 began in the first week, whereas the aroma of face mist began to decrease, the color remained and slightly cloudy. Whilst at K1 & K2, a more concentrated egg aroma was observed until the end of observation, the color getting whiter and greener and getting cloudier. Influenza-specific IgY in P1 and P2 were detected until the 5th week of observation, while IgY in the K1 and K2 controls were detected until the 6th week. In all treatments, IgY concentration was decreasing. The SDS-PAGE result showed that protein bands of whole IgY, Fab fragments, heavy and light chains were still detected in K1 & K2, while in P1 & P2 only Fab fragment, as well as heavy and light chains were detected.
Keyword: antibody, imunoglobulin Y, influenza, penyegar wajah

Judul: Biological Activity of Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Specifically Infuenza and SARS-CoV-2 in Face Mist
Abstrak: Infeksi Saluran Pernapasan Akut atau ISPA adalah penyakit yang dapat disebabkan oleh infeksi virus influenza atau corona. Pencegahan infeksi virus dapat dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan sediaan imunoglobulin (Ig) Y spesifik dalam sediaan kosmetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi aktivitas biologis IgY spesifik influenza dan SARS-CoV-2 yang dicampurkan dalam face mist secara in vitro. Komposisi face mist adalah rose hydrosol, akuades, glycerin, dan leucidal yang disimpan pada suhu ruang selama 5 minggu. Konsentrasi IgY didalam face mist sebesar 0.25% (P1) dan 0.5% (P2) (b/v) yang dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (KN, face mist tanpa IgY) serta kontrol positif (KP, akuades dengan 0.5% IgY). Pengamatan organoleptik dilakukan dengan mengamati perubahan aroma, warna, dan kekeruhan. Aktivitas biologis IgY spesifik diuji dengan Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) dan Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE), serta uji antiviral terhadap virus Avian Influenza. Hasil pengamatan organoleptik menunjukkan adanya perubahan aroma, warna, dan kekeruhan pada KP dan P2 mulai dari minggu ke-1, sedangkan pada KN tidak terjadi perubahan selama masa observasi. Hasil ELISA spesifik influenza A menunjukkan hasil positif pada sampel KP dan P2, sedangkan KN menunjukkan hasil negatif. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan adanya pita protein fragmen heavy chain, light chain, dan fragmen Fab dari IgY pada KP dan P2. Berdasarkan hasil ELISA dan SDS-PAGE, aktivitas biologis 0.5% IgY pada face mist terdeteksi dan bertahan selama 5 minggu pada suhu ruang. Hasil uji antiviral terhadap virus Avian Influenza menunjukkan bahwa kandungan 0.25% IgY pada face mist belum mampu menurunkan titer EID50 > 4 log, hasil ini mengindikasikan bahwa face mist dengan konsentrasi IgY 0.25% belum optimal berperan sebagai antiviral., Acute respiratory infections (ARI) generally caused by viral infection such as influenza virus or coronavirus. Viral infections can be prevented by utilizing immunoglobulin Y in cosmetics. This study aims to evaluate the biological activity of influenza-specific IgY and SARS-CoV-2 mixed in face mist in vitro. The composition of the face mist is rose hydrosol, aquadest, glycerin, and leucidal, which is stored at room temperature for 5 weeks. The IgY concentration in the face mist was 0.25% (P1) and 0.5% (P2 (w/v) which was compared with the negative control (KN, face mist without IgY) and positive control (KP, distilled water with 0.5% IgY). Organoleptic observations were carried out by observing changes in aroma, color and turbidity. The biological activity of specific IgY was determined by Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent-assay (ELISA) and Sodium-Dodecyl-Sulfate-Polyacrylamide (SDS-PAGE), also an antiviral test against Avian Influenza virus. Organoleptic observations showed changes in aroma, color and turbidity in KP and P2 starting at week 1, whereas no changes observed in KN. The results of the influenza A specific ELISA showed positive results in samples KP and P2, whilst KN showed negative results. SDS-PAGE results showed the presence of IgY heavy chain, light chain and Fab fragment protein bands in KP and P2 samples, while no protein band detected in KN. Based on ELISA and SDS-PAGE results, the biological activity of 0.5% IgY in the face mist was detected and persisted for 5 weeks at room temperature. The results of antiviral test against the Avian Influenza virus showed that the 0.25% IgY in the face mist was not able to
Keyword: biological activity, face mist, immunoglobulin Y, influenza, SARS-CoV-2

Judul: Penyelesaian Stacker Crane Problem dengan Algoritme Largearcs dan Smallarcs
Abstrak: In graph theory, the Rural Postman Problem (RPP) aims to determine the shortest route with minimum cost, in which only certain edges or arcs are necessarily traversed. One type of RPP is Stacker Crane Problem (SCP) which deals with a mixed graph but only arcs are necessarily traversed. SCP can be solved by using two heuristic algorithms, i.e. Largearcs and Smallarcs algorithms, which include other algorithms in their steps, such as: Dijkstra algorithm to determine shortest route, Hungaria method to determine minimum bipartite matching, Prim algorithm to determine minimum spanning tree, and van Aardenne-Ehrenfest & de-Bruijn algorithm and Fleury algorithm to determine Euler circuits. The shortest Euler circuit resulted from two heuristic algorithms can be used to find a solution of SCP. The application of SCP is illustrated in establishing the minimum distance route of catering delivery.
Keyword: