Judul: Akses kepada kredit formal dan kesuksesan usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah di Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
Abstrak: Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in Indonesia economy with the share in the numbers of the firms reaches 99.99 percent. Central Sulawesi is one of province in Indonesia which also has many MSMEs engaged in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Access to credit is one of major problems hampering MSMEs development in Central Sulawesi since only 39.33 percent of MSMEs in the research area which had access to credit in 2001-2007. This research is aimed to analyze the determinant of access to formal credit of non-agricultural MSMEs in Central Sulawesi and to determine the role of access to credit to the success of MSMEs. We use panel data from household’s survey of STORMA project in 2001, 2004, and 2007. There are two models are used in this research namely logit model (non-linear panel data model) and OLS model (linear panel data model). Each models are extended by panel data models i.e. pooled, population average (Pa), fixed effects (FE), and random effects (RE) model. Based on the evaluation of the four models and the result of the Hausman specification test for the FE and RE model, we decided to use random effects model for both analysis. Econometrics results from random effects show that the significance factors influencing access to credit are education, value of asset, and age of the owners. Whilst the result from random effects OLS model proves that formal credit limit has positive roles in the success of MSMEs in Sulawesi Tengah. On the other hand, informal credit limit is not statistically significance influencing the profit because of the inability of the informal lenders to provide amounts of credit as needed by the firms. Besides the formal credit limit, other variables which also significantly influence MSMEs’s profit are age of the owners and main Income from business.
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Judul: Efektivitas Penyaluran Kredit Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) Sektor Agribisnis Nasabah BRI Unit Ciampea Bogor
Abstrak: Micro, small, andmedium enterprises (MSMEs) is one area of business that has the potential to increase economic growth and national development. Lack of capital was one of the factors that constraint the development of MSMEs. Bank is a financial institution that can help people to overcome limitations with loan capital in the form of credit. The purpose of this study was analyze the system, effectiveness, and effect of credit to MSMEs income. Observations and interviews were conducted with 45 respondents as BRI Unit Ciampea agribusiness customers with proportional method and purposive sampling. The result was credit distribution shows effective assessment based on the trend of increasing credit funds and the proportion of the number of customers agribusiness sector in 2010-2012 as well as the percentage of credit arrears and NPL respectively 2.16 and 3.65 were still in ideal conditions for bank finance. In addition, changes in revenue and income respondents after receiving loans increased respectively by 27.51% and 28.25% from the previous. Changes in the amount of revenue and income that the respondent has exceeded estimates change that revenue and income of respondents increased 20% every year.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf