Judul: Pola Konsumsi dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Konsumsi Air.
Abstrak: Kelurahan Kebayoran Lama Selatan merupakan salah satu wilayah di Jakarta Selatan yang masih mengandalkan air tanah sebagai sumber utama pemenuhan kebutuhan air sehari-hari. Keterbatasan layanan air PDAM menyebabkan masyarakat masih menggunakan air tanah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: 1) mengidentifikasi sumber dan pola konsumsi air, serta sumber air yang paling besar dikonsumsi; 2) mengidentifikasi persepsi masyarakat terhadap sumber air yang digunakan; 3) membandingkan persentase pengeluaran konsumsi air antara rumah tangga pengguna air tanah dengan rumah tangga pengguna air PDAM; 4) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi konsumsi air. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis deskriptif, Skala Likert, analisis proporsi pengeluaran, dan regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat sumber air yang digunakan dan membentuk sembilan pola kombinasi penggunaan air. Air tanah merupakan sumber air dengan penggunaan yang paling besar. Analisis persepsi terhadap sumber air menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air PDAM lebih rendah dari air tanah dan air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK)/air isi ulang. Persentase pengeluaran konsumsi air rumah tangga pengguna air PDAM lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rumah tangga pengguna air tanah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi air adalah pendapatan, volume konsumsi air, dan pelanggan PDAM atau bukan pelanggan PDAM.
Keyword: pengeluaran konsumsi air, persepsi, volume

Judul: Analysis of Factors that Influence Community Consumption Patterns on Water Resources in Bogor City (Case Study: PDAM Tirta Pakuan, Bogor City)
Abstrak: Bertambahnya jumlah penduduk dan tingginya aktivitas ekonomi di Kota Bogor menyebabkan pencemaran air serta meningkatnya kebutuhan terhadap air bersih. Hal ini mengakibatkan masyarakat mengonsumsi sumber air utama PDAM untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air sehari-hari, sehingga masyarakat harus menyisihkan sebagian pendapatannya untuk konsumsi air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis karakteristik dan pola konsumsi masyarakat terhadap air PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor, (2) menganalisis pengeluaran rumah tangga dalam konsumsi air PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor, dan (3) mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi konsumsi air PDAM Tirta Pakuan Kota Bogor. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif, skala likert, analisis pengeluaran, dan analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga sumber air yang digunakan dan membentuk empat pola kombinasi air. Sebagian besar pelanggan PDAM mulai dari R1 hingga R8 memberikan penilaian baik terhadap kualitas, tarif, dan kinerja sumber air PDAM. Proporsi pengeluaran air telah memenuhi prinsip keterjangkauan karena tidak melebihi empat persen dari total pendapatan. Faktor yang memengaruhi masyarakat terhadap jumlah pemakaian air PDAM adalah jumlah anggota keluarga, pendapatan, dan sumber air lain yang dimiliki., Population growth and high economic activity in Bogor City cause water pollution and the increasing demand of clean water. This causes the community to consume water supply from PDAM for their daily water needs, so that the community must set aside a portion of their income for water consumption. The purpose of this research are (1) to analyze the characteristics and patterns of public consumption of PDAM Tirta Pakuan water, (2) to analyze household expenditures in water consumption PDAM Tirta Pakuan, and (3) to identify the factors that influence PDAM Tirta Pakuan water consumption. The analysis methods used are descriptive analysis, likert scale, expenditure analysis, and multiple linear regression analysis. The results of this research show that there are three water sources and form four patterns of water use combination. Most PDAM customers from R1 to R8 give a good perception of the quality, tariff, and performance of PDAM water sources. The proportion of water consumption expenditure has met the principle of affordability because it is not more than four percent of the total household income. The factors that influence the community consumption of PDAM water use are number of family members, income, and other water sources they have.
Keyword: expenditure analysis, likert scale, linear regression, perception, water demand

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
Keyword: