Judul: Pemetaan Potensi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro di Pulau Jawa Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis.
Abstrak: Java Island is the most populous island in Indonesia, which is 833 people/km2 and the population reach about 58% of Indonesia total polulation. Population and economic growth also resulted in annual electricity consumption increased by 9%, which can lead to energy crisis. The objective of this research is to mapping out the locations that have potential for build the microhydro power plant based on predetermined criteria. The criteria are determined based on the literature stating that minimal slope of 45° and a head of 2 meter are located on river flow that have minimal discharge 0.25 m³/s. Head and minimal slope were analyzed using 30 of ASTER DEM data. The discharges are estimated by using the data from PDA and land use data with debit balance equation and weighting coefficients of runoff. The result from this research can identify 90 point of potential micro hydro with power 2.04 MW and all categories of hydroelectric power plant amounted to 20.26 MW.
Keyword: DEM, microhydro, runoff coefficient

Judul: Design of Model of Sustainable Electricity Supply in Java Island
Abstrak: Listrik merupakan salah satu jenis energi yang sangat vital dan menjadi kebutuhan dasar di berbagai sektor khususnya sektor rumah tangga dan sektor industri. Gangguan terhadap pasokan listrik menyebabkan aktifitas masyarakat dan dunia industri terganggu. Kebutuhan energi listrik Pulau Jawa ditentukan oleh perkembangan pertumbuhan kegiatan perekonomian khususnya sektor industri serta pertambahan penduduk. Dengan berbagai kelebihan infrastruktur yang dimiliki Pulau Jawa dibanding pulau-pulau lainnya maka bisa diperkirakan bahwa Pulau Jawa terus akan menjadi sasaran investasi diberbagai sektor termasuk sektor industri sehingga meningkatkan kebutuhan terhadap listrik. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut diperlukan pasokan bahan bakar pembangkit yang juga akan semakin besar. Pada saat ini, sebagian besar energi primer yang digunakan di Pulau Jawa adalah bahan bakar fosil khususnya batubara dan gas bumi. Dominasi penggunaan bahan bakar fosil untuk pembangkit ini disebabkan beberapa hal. Pertama, biaya pembangkitan tenaga listrik dari bahan bakar fosil, terutama batubara, lebih murah dibandingkan dengan sumber energi terbarukan. Kedua, bahan bakar fosil mudah ditransportasikan dan dapat disimpan. Ketiga, adanya subsidi bahan bakar fosil terutama BBM yang menyebabkan harga energi terbarukan tidak dapat bersaing. Keempat, bahan bakar fosil dapat dibangun dalam skala besar untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam jumlah besar seperti pada sistem interkoneksi Pulau Jawa. Dengan kecenderungan ini maka Pulau Jawa akan sangat bergantung pada impor bahan bakar fosil baik dari pulau-pulau lain maupun dari luar negeri. Kondisi ini tidak akan mudah karena daerah lainnya mulai membutuhkan energi yang semakin besar. Kondisi ini menyebabkan ketahanan energi Pulau Jawa menjadi rentan apabila terjadi gangguan terhadap pasokan energi sebagai bahan bakar pembangkit listrik Pulau Jawa., The demand for electricity grows at more than 7%/year and will remain so to meet Indonesia’s long term plan as developed country in 2025, causing some massive construction of new power plant, mainly from fossil fuels. This research aimed at analysing the status of sustainability of electricity generation in Java and design sustainable electricity supply for the island. Analysis of sustainability was conducted using Multi Dimensional Scaling. Out of 6 dimension of sustainability analysed, only socio-cultural dimension met the index of sustainability. To provide better perspective on desired policy measures in achieving sustainable electricity supply, an Anaytical Hierarchy Process was used. The study showed that the priority of alternative strategy to support sustainable electricity supply was the recalculation of electricity tariff to express its economic value. In modeling sustainable electricity supply in Java, 3 scenarios were developed namely Business as Usual, Moderate and Optimistic scenarios. In moderate scenario, greenhouse gas emission reduction was set at 3% and renewable was set at 10-50% of total resources while in optimistic scenario, greenhouse gas reduction was set at 6% and renewable energy was optimized to 100%. With the reduction of energy elasticity and the optimization of renewable energy, greenhouse gas emission can be reduced, and the profile of fuel mix is improved.
Keyword: sustainability index, policy priority, electricity supply, Java island

Judul: Buprenorphine and Fischer-344 Rats Post-operative Stress Levels: Impact on Serum Corticosterone Levels.
Abstrak: The use of laboratory animals in experiment often requires surgical operations. Post-operative condition often associated with pain and stress. Preemptive analgesia and post operative treatment with buprenorphine can reduce post operative pain and stress and prevent prolonged pain. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that pre operative treatment of buprenorphine reduces stress and suppresses the pre-operative serum corticosterone levels in Fischer 344 rats. A total of 14 adult male Fischer 344 (F344/Sca) rats permanently catheterized in artery carotis communis were used. During 94 hour post-operatively the blood sample was collected at specific time point using Accusampler®, an automated blood sampling. Corticosterone levels were quantified with ELISA method using sheep polyclonal antibody to corticosterone. Buprenorphine is effective as pre-emptive analgesia in F344 strain. However the dose is higher than what has been reported in Sprague Dawley strain. Buprenorphine 1.0 mg/kg significantly suppressed serum corticosterone levels immediately after rats regain consciousness. Rats in buprenorphine 1.0 mg/kg group were protected from post operative body weight loss and reduced water intake compare to control, nutella, and buprenorphine 0.4 mg/kg group. Quantification of fecal corticosteroid metabolites failed to detect stress in present study.
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