Judul: Detection of Temperature Cattle Mastitis Using Infrared Thermal Camera
Abstrak: Mastitis merupakan peradangan saluran ambing akibat infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Streptococcus agalactiae yang dapat menyebabkan penyakit sistemik dan dapat mengakibatkan menurunnya produksi susu. Metode pengujian mastitis telah banyak dilakukan, salah satunya kamera termal inframerah untuk membantu diagnosa sapi mastitis, suhu sapi mastitits dapat dideteksi dini menggunakan kamera termal inframerah atau memudahkan deteksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi, membandingkan dan menentukan rata-rata suhu permukaan sapi non-mastitis dan sapi mastitis berdasarkan suhu permukaan ambing, suhu lingkungan, suhu per regio, dan suhu rektal di daerah Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan termal suhu tubuh sapi dilakukan pada pukul 05.00-06.00 dan 14.00-15.00 selama lima hari di lima kandang yang berbeda. Regio yang dipotret citra termalnya adalah regio mata, hidung, toraks, abdomen, empat kuartir ambing, vulva. Hasil rata-rata keseluruhan suhu permukan tubuh sapi nonmastitis dan sapi mastitis yaitu mata 32.33±0.25 dan 33.79±0.37, hidung 29.60±0.89 dan 31.54±0.96, toraks 31.69±0.58 dan 32.54±0.79, abdomen 31.03±0.35 dan 32.35±0.60, kuartir kiri depan 31.75±0.48 dan 32.99±0.57, kuartir kiri belakang 32.13±0.85 dan 32.95±0.95, kuartir kanan depan 32.14±0.00 dan 33.50±0.49, kuartir kanan belakang 31.87±0.57 dan 33.04±0.73, vulva 32.32±0.59 dan 33.55±0.40. Regio tubuh terbaik mendeteksi suhu permukaan sapi mastitis yaitu regio mata, hidung, kuartir ambing belakang, dan vulva, sedangkan regio yang mendekati suhu inti adalah mata dan vulva.
Keyword: Kamera Termal Inframerah, Mastitis, Sapi, Suhu Permukaan, Cattle, Infrared Thermal Camera, Mastitis, Surface Temperature

Judul: Utilization of Infrared Thermography (IRT) Technology for Estrous Detection in Dairy Cattle.
Abstrak: Peningkatan suhu tubuh yang disebabkan oleh peningkatan hormon estrogen saat estrus dapat menjadi salah satu parameter dalam deteksi estrus pada sapi perah. Infrared thermography (IRT) adalah teknik non-invasif yang dapat mengukur suhu permukaan tubuh secara akurat dan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas IRT dalam mendeteksi estrus pada sapi perah dara dan multipara, serta membandingkan respon fisiologis keduanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua puluh sapi perah betina Peranakan Friesian Holstein yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu sapi dara non-estrus, sapi dara estrus, sapi multipara non-estrus, dan sapi multipara estrus. Parameter yang diamati yaitu suhu permukaan (mata, muzzle, telinga, vulva), suhu rektal, dan profil fisiologis (frekuensi denyut jantung dan laju pernapasan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan suhu permukaan vulva dan suhu rektal yang nyata (p<0,05) pada sapi perah estrus dara dan multipara. Disimpulkan IRT efektif sebagai teknik non- invasif untuk mendeteksi estrus pada sapi perah., An increase in body temperature caused by an increase in the cencenytation of estrogen during estrus can be one of the parameters in detecting estrous in dairy cattle. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive technique that can measure body surface temperature accurately and quickly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of IRT in detecting estrous in heifers and multiparous cows, as well as comparing the physiological responses among them. This research used twenty female Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cattle which were divided into 4 groups, namely non-estrous heifers, estrous heifers, non-estrous multiparous cows, and estrous multiparous cows. The parameters observed were surface temperature (eyes, muzzle, ears, vulva), rectal temperature, and physiological profile (heart rate and respiratory rate). The results showed a significant increase in vulva surface temperature and rectal temperature (p<0.05) in heifers and multiparous estrous dairy cattle. It was concluded that IRT was effective as a non-invasive technique for detecting estrus in dairy cattle.
Keyword: sapi perah, estrus, Infrared Thermography, suhu permukaan

Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
Keyword: