Judul: Hubungan Rehabilitasi Lahan Dengan Hasil Air (Studi Kasus Di Blok S Cipendawa, Desa Megamendung, Kecamatan Megamendung, Kabupaten Bogor, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Spring at Blok S Cipendawa was dry since 1998, and it appearing back in 2003 after land was planted by teak, mengkudu, mahagoni, african wood, bamboo, and also cover crops which grow up naturally, as an effort of scrub grass land rehabilitation. To learn more about the causes and process of appearing back of the spring necessaries the research on land rehabilitation and water yield relationship (springs) in the location. This research had been carried out at Blok S Cipendawa, Megamendung village, Megamendung district, regency of Bogor, west Java. The data was collected in January – May 2008. The tools used were GPS Garmin 60 CS; ombrometer; infiltrometer; soil rings, ArcView 3.3 GIS extension AVSWAT 2000; contour digital map; tally sheet; stopwatch; pail, oven; Tank Model – GA Optimizer; and local annual rainfall data year 1998 – 2007. The research objects were water catchment area with land cover, spring‟s discharge and soil. Simple linier regression analysis shows strong correlation between spring discharge and rainfall with coefficient of correlation is 0.67. Analysis of Tank Model resulted 76.11% of spring‟s discharge derive from intermediate flow. According to those data, the spring at Blok S Cipendawa is a spring derives from small (shallow) aquifer. Re-appearing of spring at Blok S is caused by increasing of soil‟s infiltration rate over the land which is converted from scrub grass with infiltration rate of 17.65 mm/hour into mixed vegetation with infiltration rate of 70.96 mm/hour, as well as into teak & mengkudu vegetated land with infiltration rate of 139.16 mm/hour. The increasing of infiltration rate is caused by soil properties improvement; organic matter content from 3.03%; porosity 48.4%; field capacity 49.44%, to be (respectively at mixed vegetation and teak & mengkudu) 4.79% and 3.59%; 56.19% and 50.19%; 49.44% and 52.12%. The improvement of those soil properties is the effect of vegetation which produced much more litter, so that has increased soil‟s organic matter content, porosity and field capacity. On the other hand, land terracing reduced slope length and hold water then reducing run-off velocity and enable to absorb water into soil. Using manure has also enriched soil‟s organic matter content. Rehabilitation of scrub-grass land by planting trees, bamboo, and followed also by cover crops which grew up naturally, land terracing and using manure into soil has increased infiltration rate. As infiltration rate increased, groundwater discharge will increase as well, where reaching soil surface will appear as spring which flows along year. Key words: land rehabilitation, infiltration rate, soil properties, groundwater, spring.
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Judul: Nilai Ekonomi Kegiatan Rehabilitasi Dalam Menghasilkan Air Dan Menyerap Karbon Di Blok S Cipendawa Megamendung, Bogor
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. High rate of deforestation which occurs in Indonesia, accompanied by land degradation, causes the progressive increase of critical land area size. One effort to overcome this problem is by conducting forest and land rehabilitation (RHL), so that land function can be hopefully restored. Results of RHL activities in Block S, Cipendawa have produced benefits in the form of tangible and intangible benefits. Direct benefits from this RHL activity which were not realized by the people, were the values of environmental services, namely the ability of trees to absorb carbon dioxide and increase the water yield. For obtaining comprehensive information on the benefits of RHL activities, there is a need for evaluation of tangible and intangible benefits produced from such activities, particularly those related with the ability of trees to produce water and absorb carbon. The objective of this research was determining the economic value of area of land rehabilitation activities, in producing water and absorbing carbon (in block S, Cipendawa, Megamendung, Bogor). MATERIALS DAN METHOD. This research was conducted in the period between June – July 2008 in rehabilitation land of Block S, Cipendawa, Megamendung, District of Bogor, with area size of approximately 4.2 ha. Object in this research was rehabilitation land which contained water spring and stand of trees with diameter of > 5 cm. On the other hand, subject in this research were people living around the rehabilitation area, namely the community of Kampung Bengkok (Hamlet of Bengkok). Equipments used in this research comprised measurement tape, haga, tally sheet, writing materials, measurement stick, stopwatch, pail, questionnaire, GPS, software Microsoft Office 2007, software Arcview 3.3 + extensions, Software Minitab 14, data of village monography, and camera. The collected data comprised species, numbers , height, diameter at breast height, and specific gravity of trees; yield of water, price of various kinds of wood, price of water (tariff imposed by water company of Bogor district), base tariff of electricity from State Electric Power Company, the quantitative need for water, cost for water procurement, and evaluation of water by the people. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS. Total economic value of environmental services produced by rehabilitation land of Block S, Cipendawa was as much as Rp 49.121.460 /year. Such values consisted of economic value of carbon dioxide absorption as much as Rp 16.270.266 /year, economic value of water as much as Rp 24.483.600 /year, and economic value to avoid an erotion as much as Rp 9.092.670 /year. If the land owner wanted to obtain direct benefit in the form of wood products, the total economic value for rehabilitation land of block S, Cipendawa would be Rp 58.332.652 /year. Key words: Megamendung, rehabilitation, economic value.
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Judul: Transisi Fasa Materi Hadronik ke Materi Kuark pada Inti Bintang Neutron.
Abstrak: Bintang neutron terdiri dari beberapa lapisan yang disusun oleh materi nuklir yang berbeda dengan kerapatan yang semakin tinggi ketika mendekati pusat bintang. Inti luar bintang neutron disusun oleh materi hadronik (nukleon, lepton, dan hyperon), sedangkan inti dalam bintang neutron disusun oleh kuark-kuark bebas (up, down, strange) yang saling berinteraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari bagaimana transisi dari inti luar ke inti dalam bintang neutron dengan menggunakan pendekatan RMF (Relativistic Mean Field) untuk materi hadronik dan CIDDM (Confined Isospin Density Dependent Mass) untuk materi kuark. Tekanan transisi diperoleh ketika potensial kimia barion materi hadronik dan materi kuark bernilai sama. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-TM1 sekitar 87 MeV/fm3 dan diperoleh massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.92M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.62 km. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-G2 sekitar 53 MeV/fm3 dan massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.88M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.16 km. Jenis transisi fasa adalah orde satu ditandai dengan diskontinuitas dalam kerapatan energi (adanya mixed phase). Parameter-parameter pada model nuklir yang digunakan menyebabkan perbedaan kekakuan persamaan keadaan (EOS) dari materi hadronik dan materi kuark sehingga nilai tekanan transisi dari fasa hadronik ke fasa kuark juga berbeda.
Keyword: bintang neutron, persamaan keadaan, transisi fasa