Judul: Analisis Tingkat Perambahan Hutan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi  Geografis di BKPH Sadang, KPH Purwakarta
Abstrak: Perambahan hutan merupakan semua aktivitas memanfaatkan sumberdaya di dalam kawasan hutan secara illegal. Kegiatan perambahan yang terjadi di BKPH Sadang merupakan kegiatan untuk lahan pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat perambahan hutan dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap luas perambahan hutan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis melalui skoring dan pembobotan dengan mengamati parameter tutupan lahan dan kerapatan tajuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kelas perambahan di BKPH Sadang terjadi pada area tutupan lahan pertanian lahan kering dan lahan terbuka, luas perambahan hutan yang terjadi sebesar 1815,39 ha, dengan tingkat perambahan yang tergolong sedang 3,09%, rendah 96,83%, dan sangat rendah 0,08%. Faktor perambahan hutan di BKPH Sadang yang mempunyai pengaruh sangat kuat yaitu kelerengan, elevasi dan jarak jaringan jalan, sedangkan jarak permukiman mempunyai pengaruh yang sangat rendah. Adapun faktor ekonomi dan pengelolaan menjadi salah satu faktor pendorong untuk melakukan perambahan dengan luas kepemilikan lahan garapan yang kecil serta kurangnya jumlah petugas pengawas hutan., Forest encroachment is any activity that illegally utilizes resources within the forest area. Encroachment activities that occur in BKPH Sadang are activities for agricultural land. The research aims to analyze the level of forest encroachment and analyze the factors that influence the extent of forest encroachment using Geographic Information Systems through scoring and weighting by observing land cover and crown density parameters. The results showed that the encroachment class in BKPH Sadang occurred in dry land and open land agricultural land cover areas, the area of forest encroachment that occurred amounted to 1815.39 ha, with the level of encroachment classified as moderate 3.09%, low 96.83%, and very low 0.08%. Forest encroachment factors in BKPH Sadang that have a very strong influence are slope, elevation and road network distance, while settlement distance has a very low influence. Economic and management factors become one of the driving factors for encroachment with a small area of cultivated land ownership and a lack of forest supervisors.
Keyword: perambahan hutan, faktor perambahan, sistem informasi geografis, forest encroachment, encroachment factors, geographic information  system

Judul: Analisis Perambahan Hutan Menggunakan Citra Satelit Spot-7 di KPH Pati, Perum Perhutani Divisi Regional Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Perambahan hutan yang terjadi di KPH Pati, khususnya di wilayah BKPH Ngarengan dan BKPH Sukolilo adalah perambahan hutan untuk kegiatan pertanian. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan tingkat perambahan hutan menggunakan citra satelit SPOT-7 resolusi tinggi. Penentuan tingkat perambahan hutan berdasarkan parameter penutupan lahan dan persentase penutupan tajuk. Parameter ini diidentifikasi menggunakan metode interpretasi visual. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat perambahan di BKPH Ngarengan dan BKPH Sukolilo tergolong sangat tinggi, dengan masing-masing luas perambahan yakni 3370.56 ha (92.48%) dan 1669.52 ha (72.31%). Faktor perambahan hutan di BKPH Ngarengan dipengaruhi kuat oleh faktor kemiringan lereng dan jarak jaringan jalan. Sedangkan di BKPH Sukolilo hanya dipengaruhi kuat oleh jarak jaringan jalan. Faktor jarak permukiman di kedua BKPH memiliki pengaruh yang sedang terhadap perambahan hutan. Adapun, faktor ekonomi yakni luas kepemilikan lahan garapan yang sangat kecil, faktor kurangnya jumlah personil serta tidak berjalannya program kerjasama di kedua BKPH adalah sama.
Keyword: citra spot-7, KPH Pati, perambahan hutan

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity