Judul: Gambaran histopatologi usus halus ayam petelur yang diberi ekstrak etanol temulawak [Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb]
Abstrak: The objective of this research is to elaborate the effect of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) ethanol (70% and 96%) extracts on the histopatological lesions of chicken’s small intestines. Eighty heads of 16 weeks old laying hens were divided into eight groups with various treatments. The treatments were, (1) 17.5 mg temulawak ethanol (70%) extract /kg BW, (2) 35 mg temulawak ethanol (70%) extract / kg BW, (3) 52.5 mg temulawak ethanol (70%) extract / kg BW, (4) 17.5 mg temulawak ethanol (96%) extract / kg BW, (5) 35 mg temulawak ethanol (96%) extract / kg BW, (6) 52.5 mg temulawak ethanol (96%) extract / kg BW, (7) commercially meniran (Phylantus niruri) extract as positive control (Stimuno®) and (8) untreated as negative control. Treatments were given for 4 weeks with 3 days rest on each week. In the end of the treatments all birds were necropsied. The small intestines were collected and processed for histopatological slides using Hematoxylin Eosin and Periodic Acid Schiff staining and examined using a light microscope and video micrometer. Observation showed that temulawak ethanol extracts didn’t give significant effect on the amount of the villi as well as epithelial cells intact; but temulawak ethanol extracts increasing the amount of Lieberkuhn crypts of small intestines. Temulawak ethanol extracts increasing the height of jejunum and ileum’s villi and also the number of jejunum’s goblet cells. Gut Associated Lymphoid Tissue (GALT) in duodenum and ileum were also increased in the temulawak ethanol extract groups. The assay results indicated that temulawak ethanol extracts did not toxic for the intestines and could improve the chicken’s non spesific immune response. Keyword: temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.), small intestines, chicken, histopathology, ethanol extract
Keyword: Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, Small intensitas, Chicken, Histopathology, Ethanol extract, IPB, Temulawak

Judul: Gambaran histopatologi limpa ayam petelur yang diberi ekstrak etanol temulawak [Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.]
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol 70% dan 96% temulawak, terhadap gambaran histopatologi organ limpa ayam petelur dengan mengamati jumlah dan diameter pulpa putih serta jumlah makrofag yang terdapat di dalam pulpa putih. Sebanyak 80 ekor ayam dibagi menjadi delapan kelompok perlakuan, yaitu : (1) ekstrak temulawak 17,5 mg/kg BB pelarut etanol 70%, (2) ekstrak temulawak 35 mg/kg BB pelarut etanol 70%, (3) ekstrak temulawak 52,5 mg/kg BB pelarut etanol 70%, (4) ekstrak temulawak 17,5 mg/kg BB pelarut etanol 96%, (5) ekstrak temulawak 35 mg/kg BB pelarut etanol 96%, (6) ekstrak temulawak 52,5 mg/kg BB pelarut etanol 96%, (7) ekstrak meniran (Phylantus niruri) komersial Stimuno® sebagai kontrol positif dan (8) perlakuan tanpa ekstrak temulawak sebagai kontrol negatif. Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan selama empat minggu. Organ limpa ayam diambil, lalu dibuat sediaan histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE) dan diamati dengan menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan video mikrometer. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan jumlah dan diameter pulpa putih serta jumlah makrofag yang terdapat di dalam pulpa putih. Secara umum peningkatan tertinggi terjadi pada dosis ekstrak temulawak 52,5 mg/kg BB dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak etanol temulawak tidak bersifat toksik bagi limpa, dapat meningkatkan jumlah dan diameter pulpa putih serta jumlah makrofag yang terdapat di dalam pulpa putih. Kata Kunci : temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.), limpa, ayam, histopatologi, ekstrak etanol.
Keyword: Temulawak, Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb., Spleen, Chicken, Histopathology, Etanol extract

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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