Judul: Distribusi Spasial Tanaman Padi Dan Estimasi Produksi Dengan Menggunakan Citra Modis Evi (Study Kasus Kabupaten Karawang, Subang, Dan Indramayu).
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the rice producers in the world and most of the rice fields is located in Java Island which have the productivity of 60% of nearly 4 x 106 ton of rice (Amien et al., 1996). Rice in Indonesia generally is harvested twice a year (80-90 growing days) in well irrigated areas and harvested once a year (100-130 growing days) in non-irrigated areas (Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development, 2009). In Indonesia rice usually planted in the beginning of rainy season in October - December then to be harvested in February (Directorate General of Food Crops, 2009). Optical satellite remote sensing provides a viable means to meet the requirement of improved regional-scale detection and mapping of rice fields. Changes in plant phenology are considered to be a most sensitive indicator of plant responses to climate change observable on remotely sensed images (Linderholm, 2006). Vegetation Indices (VI) has proved particularly popular in the monitoring and characterization of plant cover. VI is used to diagnose and predict crop behavior over time and has been implemented by Potgieter et al. (2007) and Xiao et al. (2005) by using multi temporal Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS imageries to estimate crop areas. The EVI will take full advantage of MODIS measurement capabilities to correct for various distortions in the reflected light caused by the particles in the air as well as the ground cover below the vegetation. The EVI data product also does not become saturated as easily as the NDVI when viewing rainforests and other areas of the Earth with large amounts of chlorophyll (Earth Observatory, 2009). It is becoming evident that studies of the growing season of land vegetation have become an important scientific issue for research into global climate change. The objectives of this research are to obtain the spatial distribution of rice fields in Karawang, Subang, and Indramayu Regency as national rice barn and to calculate estimation of rice production using medium resolution MODIS satellite imagery. The main data used for this research is MODIS EVI imagery with the resolution of 250m by 250m with the acquisition date ranging from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2010. The landuse map and rice production statistic were acquired from Badan Informasi Geospasial (BIG/formerly known as BAKOSURTANAL) and Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) that will be used to validate the spatial distribution and production estimation of rice field in the research area. The first technique to do is to change the 16-day of EVI MODIS image projection from sinusoidal projection into geographic projection, and the results were used to do next process. All of the 69 EVI MODIS satellite data ranging from January 2008 to December 2010 then were stacked to create an image with 69 bands that will make it able to be analyzed as multi temporal image of 16 days interval of EVI data. Next of the process is to subset to 69 bands EVI image with administrative boundary of Karawang, Subang, and Indramayu Regency and resulting EVI image of research area.
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Judul: Estimating The Productivity Of Rice Paddy Plants Using The Crop Simulation Model And Geographic Information System Approaches
Abstrak: Padi merupakan komoditas pertanian terpenting bagi sebagian besar masyarakat Indonesia. Salah satu upaya ketahanan pangan nasional adalah dengan meningkatkan produktivitas. Metode yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi potensi produktivitas padi antara lain yaitu model simulasi pertanian (MSP) dan sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Daerah penelitian ini adalah Kabupaten Indramayu dan Karawang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi produktivitas padi sawah dengan menggunakan pendekatan MSP dan SIG. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data iklim, citra satelit Landsat 8, digital elevasi model, dan peta rupa bumi Indonesia (RBI) berupa sawah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa potensi produktivitas padi pada musim tanam pertama (November-Februari) menurut MSP dan SIG lebih tinggi dibandingkan musim tanam kedua (Maret dan Mei) di kedua wilayah tersebut. Rata-rata produktivitas tahun 2016-2020 menurut Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) untuk wilayah Indramayu dan Karawang yaitu 6,16 dan 5,90 ton/ha. Hasil estimasi produktivitas padi yang diperoleh dari MSP memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dari data observasi (overestimation), sedangkan hasil produktivitas yang diperoleh dari pendekatan SIG lebih rendah dari data observasi (underestimation). Rata-rata produktivitas padi menurut MSP di Kabupaten Indramayu dan Karawang adalah 6,39 dan 7,10 ton/ha, sedangkan rata-rata produktivitas padi menurut SIG adalah 5,59 dan 5,78 ton/ha. Perbandingan data pengamatan dengan data ramalan menunjukkan bahwa akurasi pendekatan SIG lebih baik daripada MSP, yang ditandai dengan mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) yang lebih rendah. Nilai error yang diperoleh dari hasil MSP adalah 14,06% sedangkan error pendekatan SIG adalah 6,35%. Artinya, pendekatan yang digunakan sangat baik untuk menduga produktivitas padi di Indramayu dan Karawang., Rice is the most important agricultural commodity for most Indonesians. One of the national food security efforts is to increase productivity. Methods that can be used to predict rice productivity potential include agricultural simulation models (MSP) and geographic information systems (GIS). This research area is in the Indramayu and Karawang districts. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential productivity of paddy rice using the MSP and GIS approaches. The data used in this research are climate data, Landsat 8 satellite images, digital elevation model, and rupa bumi Indonesia (RBI) map of paddy fields. The results showed that the potential productivity of rice in the first growing season (NovemberFebruary) according to MSP and GIS is higher than the second growing season (March and May) in both regions. The average productivity for 2016-2020 according to Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) for Indramayu and Karawang are 6.16 and 5.90 tons/ha. The estimated rice productivity obtained from MSP has a higher value than the observation data (overestimation), while the productivity results obtained from the GIS approach are lower than the observation data (underestimation). The average rice productivity according to MSP in Indramayu and Karawang Districts is 6.39 and 7.10 tons/ha, while the average rice productivity according to GIS is 5.59 and 5.78 tons/ha. Comparison of observed data with forecast data shows that the accuracy of the GIS approach is better than MSP, which is characterized by a lower mean absolute percentage error (MAPE). The error obtained from the MSP results was 14.06% while the GIS approach error was 6.35%. This means that the approach
Keyword: MAPE, MSP, GIS, Rice, Productivity

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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