Judul: Optimization of Purslane (Portulaca oleracea) Extraction Solvent for Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Activity Using Simplex Centroid Design
Abstrak: Krokot (Portulaca oleracea) merupakan tanaman gulma yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Potensi ini dikarenakan adanya kandungan berbagai jenis metabolit sekunder pada tanaman tersebut, salah satunya fenolik. Pemilihan pelarut ekstraksi sangat penting dilakukan untuk mendapatkan metabolit yang maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pelarut atau kombinasi pelarut ekstraksi terbaik untuk mengekstrak tanaman krokot berdasarkan kadar total fenolik (TPC) dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan simplex centroid design (SCD). Sampel diekstraksi dengan metode gabungan sonikasi dan maserasi. Rancangan optimasi pelarut dibuat menggunakan Design Expert 13.0 dengan metode SCD. TPC diukur menggunakan metode Folin-Ciocalteu dan aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode FRAP. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelarut aseton-air memiliki TPC tertinggi sedangkan pelarut aseton-air-metanol menunjukkan nilai FRAP tertinggi. Solusi optimasi pelarut yang didapat yaitu penggunaan air-aseton-etanol dengan rasio berturut-turut adalah 0,342; 0,389; 0,269. Verifikasi solusi optimasi dilakukan secara triplo menghasilkan TPC dengan nilai %RSE sebesar 0,364 dan FRAP dengan nilai %RSE sebesar -19,19. SCD dapat mengoptimalkan pelarut ekstraksi krokot dengan respon kadar total fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan.
Keyword: antioksidan, fenolik, krokot, optimasi, pelarut

Judul: Total Phenolic, Flavonoid, and Antioxidant Activity of Purslane Flower Extract (Portulaca grandiflora Hook.) Optimized Using Simplex-Centroid Design
Abstrak: Krokot (Portulaca grandiflora Hook.) memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan karena kandungan metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang dimiliki, salah satunya pada bagian bunganya. Kandungan fenolik dan flavonoid yang terekstrak serta nilai aktivitas antioksidan dapat dipengaruhi oleh penggunaan pelarut ekstraksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pelarut terbaik untuk ekstraksi bunga krokot menggunakan microwave-assisted extraction berdasarkan kadar total fenolik (TPC), flavonoid (TFC), serta aktivitas antioksidan (metode DPPH dan FRAP). Pelarut optimal yang direkomendasikan oleh piranti lunak Design Expert menggunakan metode simplex-centroid design (SCD) adalah campuran aseton 41% dan metanol 59%. Hasil penelitian dinyatakan sesuai dengan nilai prediksi berdasarkan uji verifikasi, dengan respon TPC sebesar 3,599 mg GAE/g bobot basah, TFC sebesar 1,796 mg QE/g bobot basah, dan aktivitas antioksidan sebesar 0,669 μmol TE/g bobot basah (DPPH) serta 9,231 μmol TE/g bobot basah (FRAP) dengan nilai desirability sebesar 0,712. Metode SCD terbukti dapat mengoptimalkan pelarut ekstraksi bunga krokot dengan respon TPC, TFC, dan aktivitas antioksidan., Purslane (Portulaca grandiflora Hook.) has the ability as an antioxidant due to the presence of secondary metabolites such as phenolic compounds and flavonoids, one of which is found in its flowers. The extracted phenolic and flavonoid contents, as well as the antioxidant activity, can be affected by the use of extraction solvent. This study aimed to determine the best solvent for extracting the flowers of purslane using microwave-assisted extraction based on the total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activities (DPPH and FRAP method). The optimal solvent determined by the Design Expert software using the simplex-centroid design (SCD) method is a mixture of 41 % acetone and 59% methanol. The research results obtained align with the predicted values based on verification tests, yielding TPC of 3,599 mg GAE/g fresh weight, TFC of 1,796 mg QE/g fresh weight, and antioxidant activity of 0,669 μmol TE/g fresh weight (DPPH) and 9,231 μmol TE/g fresh weight (FRAP), with a desirability value of 0,712. SCD method has proven to optimize the extraction solvent for purslane flower in response to TPC, TFC, and antioxidant activity.
Keyword: antioxidant, flavonoid, optimization, phenolic, purslane

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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