Judul: Determinants of Capital Structure in Food  and Beverage Companies Listed on the IDX
Abstrak: Industri makanan dan minuman merupakan industri yang memiliki kontribusi yang besar terhadap PDB dan salah satu sub sektor penyerapan tenaga kerja terbesar di Indonesia. Namun kondisi tersebut tidak diikuti oleh semakin meningkatnya struktur modal perusahaan. Struktur modal yang optimal adalah yang meminimalisasi biaya modal perusahaan dan dengan demikian dapat memaksimalkan nilai perusahaan (Horne dan Wachowicz 2008). Objek penelitian ini adalah sub sektor industri makan dan minuman. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari laporan keuangan perusahaan selama periode 2015-2019 serta studi literatur. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah analisis regresi data panel dengan profitabilitas, struktur aset, pertumbuhan perusahaan, risiko bisnis sebagai variabel independen serta struktur modal sebagai variabel dependen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa struktur aset berpengaruh positif terhadap struktur modal (DAR) sedangkan risiko bisnis berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap struktur modal (DER). Variabel profitabilitas, pertumbuhan perusahaan tidak signifikan terhadap struktur modal.
Keyword: asset structure, capital structure, company growth, food and beverage industry, profitability

Judul: Factors Affecting the Capital Structure of Food and Beverage Companies on the Indonesia Stock Exchange
Abstrak: Perusahaan makanan dan minuman merupakan salah satu sektor yang diminati oleh para investor. Kinerja perusahaan yang digambarkan oleh nilai perusahaan dapat memengaruhi keputusan investasi para investor. Faktor yang memengaruhi nilai perusahaan salah satunya adalah struktur modal. Sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi pemilihan struktur modal perusahaan makanan dan minuman Struktur aktiva, profitabilitas, likuiditas, ukuran perusahaan, pertumbuhan penjualan, serta pertumbuhan perusahaan digunakan sebagai variabel independen, pandemi COVID-19 sebagai variabel dummy dan struktur modal perusahaan sebagai variabel dependen. Data yang digunakan adalah laporan keuangan perusahaan sektor makanan dan minuman selama tahun 2018 sampai 2021 dan dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel. Pengambilan sampel penelitian dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling dan didapati sepuluh perusahaan sektor makanan dan minuman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa enam dari sepuluh perusahaan yang diteliti memiliki struktur modal yang konsisten dengan proporsi ekuitas lebih besar daripada hutang. Variabel yang memengaruhi struktur modal hanya struktur aktiva, profitabilitas, likuiditas, dan ukuran perusahaan.
Keyword: Regresi Data Panel, Capital Structure, Food and Beverages, Pandemic, Panel Data Regression

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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