Judul: Effect of NAA and Thidiazuron on Zygotic Embryo Culture of Areca nut
Abstrak: Penyediaan bibit merupakan salah satu upaya penting dalam peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas pinang. Kultur embrio dapat menjadi salah satu upaya dalam menghasilkan bibit pinang. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh pemberian NAA dan TDZ terhadap pertumbuhan embrio zigotik pinang dalam kultur in vitro. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lab kultur jaringan 3, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Institut Pertanian Bogor pada bulan Februari hingga Juli 2021. Bahan tanam yang digunakan berupa embrio pinang muda yang didapatkan dari hutan di Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan rancangan percobaan RKLT 2 faktor yang terdiri atas konsentrasi NAA dan TDZ. Faktor pertama adalah TDZ 4 taraf (0, 0,5, 1, dan 1,5 ppm). Faktor kedua NAA 3 taraf (0, 0,5, dan 1 ppm). Pengelompokkan dilakukan berdasarkan waktu tanam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan media dengan konsentrasi NAA 0 ppm pada media MS yang ditambahkan air kelapa 150 ml L-1 paling baik untuk perkecambahan, pertumbuhan tunas, serta pertumbuhan planlet sempurna. Media dengan konsentrasi NAA 1 ppm paling baik untuk pertumbuhan akar kultur embrio. Media dengan konsentrasi TDZ 1,5 ppm menunjukan jumlah browning yang paling rendah., The supply of areca nut seedlings is important to increase production and productivity of arecanut. Embryo culture could be a way to produce good arecanut seedlings. The research aimed to study the effect of NAA and TDZ on arecanut embryo culture. The research run from February–July 2021 at plant tissue culture laboratory 3, Agronomy and Horticulture Department, Bogor Agricultural University. Young arecanut embryos collected from forest in Sukabumi, Jawa Barat are used. This research was conducted using a two-factor RCBD experimental design consisting of concentration of NAA and TDZ. The first factor was NAA concentration with 3 levels (0, 0.5, and 1 ppm). Second factor was TDZ concentration with 4 levels (0, 0.5, 1, and 1.5 ppm). Grouping is done based on planting time. The results showed that the media with a concentration of 0 ppm NAA on MS medium with 15% coconut water was the best for germination, shoot growth, and perfect plantlet growth. Media with a concentration of 1 ppm NAA was the best for root growth of embryo culture. Media with a concentration of 1.5 ppm give lower percentage in browning embryo.
Keyword: auxin, browning, cytokinin, MS medium, palm

Judul: Zygotic Embryo Growth of Arenga (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) Cikadu Accession on MS and Euwens Media with Auxin 2,4 D
Abstrak: Tanaman aren merupakan tanaman dari kelompok palmae dengan nama latin Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.. Penyediaan bibit aren secara konvensional sangat sulit dilakukan sebab adanya dormansi pada testa benih sehingga kultur jaringan menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi kendala penyediaan bibit unggul dalam peningkatan produktivitas aren. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jenis media dan zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4 D yang dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada embrio zigotik aren secara in vitro. Sumber eksplan yang digunakan yaitu embrio zigotik dari eksplan yang telah ditanam pada media pra perlakuan. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor pertama jenis media dasar yaitu MS (M1) dan Euwens (M2) dan faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi 2,4 D terdiri atas 6 taraf yaitu 100 µM (T1), 120 µM (T2), 150 µM (T3), 175 µM (T4), picloram 100 µM (T5) dan 0 µM (T6). Terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan pada percobaan embrio berkecambah dan embrio belum berkecambah. Uji tetrazolium dilakukan untuk menganalisis kondisi embrio pada eksplan setelah dikulturkan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kultur embrio zigotik berkecambah belum diperoleh pertambahan jumlah akar, daun, maupun tunas. Kultur embrio zigotik selama 16 MSP secara visual menunjukkan persentase total eksplan hidup 97,65%, eksplan aseptik 75%, eksplan terkontaminasi sebesar 25% dan eksplan mati sebesar 2,34%. Persentase eksplan membentuk kalus maupun embrio zigotik sekunder sebesar 0%. Pengujian tetrazolium menunjukkan jumlah seluruh embrio yang masih hidup (kelas 1,2 dan 3) sebanyak 88,89%, dan terdapat 11,11% embrio mati (kelas 4). Media MS dan Euwens dengan penambahan 2.4 D tidak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan kalus dan tidak dapat membentuk embrio zigotik sekunder., The sugar palm plant is a plant from the palmae group with a Latin name Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Conventional supply of sugar palm seeds is very difficult because of the dormancy of the seed testa so that tissue culture is a solution in overcoming the problem of providing superior seeds in increasing sugar palm productivity. The aim of this study was to obtain the type of media and growth regulators 2,4 D which could produce the best growth in sugar palm zygotic embryos in vitro. The source of explants used was zygotic embryos from explants that had been planted on pre-treated media. This study was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors: the first factor was the basic media type, namely MS (M1) and Euwens (M2) and the second factor was the concentration of 2.4 D consisting of 6 levels, namely 100 µM (T1), 120 µM (T2), 150 µM (T3), 175 µM (T4), and picloram with a concentration of 100 µM (T5) and 0 µM (T6). There were 12 treatment combinations in the embryo germination experiment and the zygotic embryo had not germinated. The tetrazolium test was performed to analyze the condition of the embryos on the explants after being cultured. The experimental results showed that the culture of germinating zygotic embryos had not resulted in an increase in the number of roots, leaves, or shoots. The zygotic embryo culture for 16 MSP (Week After Treatment) visually showed the total percentage of live explants 97.65%, 75% aseptic explants, 25% contaminated explants and
Keyword: aseptic explants, embryos aren, euwens and blake, secondary zygotic embryos, tetrazolium test

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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