Judul: Perhitungan Nilai Eigen Terkecil dari Matriks Toeplitz Simetrik Real dan Definit-Positif dengan Metode Single Newton
Abstrak: Suatu metode yang paling luas digunakan untuk mencari hampiran akar dari suatu fungsi adalah metode Newton. Tujuan dari karya ilmiah ini adalah menghitung nilai eigen terkecil dari matriks Toeplitz simetrik real dan definit-positif dengan menggunakan metode single Newton. Polinomial karakteristik dan turunan polinomial karakteristik sangat dibutuhkan dalam melakukan iterasi pada metode ini. Untuk menunjukkan kebenaran dari rumus-rumus yang digunakan dalam metode Newton seperti nilai eigen, polinomial karakteristik, dan turunan polinomial karakteristik, maka diberikan ilustrasi serta metode analitik untuk matriks yang berorde 2 dan 3. Hasil perhitungan nilai eigen terkecil dari suatu matriks, dalam hal ini matriks Toeplitz simetrik real dan definit-positif, yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode single Newton sesuai dengan metode analitik.
Keyword: matriks definit-positif Toeplitz, metode Newton, nilai eigen

Judul: Batas bawah nilai eigen terkecil dari matriks simetrik real
Abstrak: Dalam perkembangan ilmu dan teknologi di kehidupan sehari-hari, banyak diterapkan penggunaan nilai eigen (eigenvalues) dan vektor eigen (eigenvectors) seperti dalam bidang ilmu matematika, mekanika, sistem dinamika, dan sebagainya. Nilai eigen dari suatu matriks sangat dipengaruhi oleh entri-entri matriksnya. Oleh karena itu, mengetahui batas bawah nilai eigen terkecil dari suatu matriks akibat perubahan entrinya menjadi sangat penting. Matriks yang dibahas pada karya ilmiah ini merupakan matriks simetrik real yang entri-entrinya terletak pada suatu selang tertentu. Penentuan batas bawah nilai eigen terkecil dari matriks simetrik real tersebut ditinjau berdasarkan ukuran matriks dan nilai titik-titik ujung selang serta digunakan metode Faddeev-Leverrier untuk menentukan polinomial karakteristik dari matriks simetrik real tersebut.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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