Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Cara Penyimpanan terhadap Susut Bobot dan Mutu Padi Lokal
Abstrak: Penyimpanan padi lokal banyak dilakukan oleh petani dan penggiling dalam bentuk batangan padi. Dua cara s i m - pan yang biasa dilakukan, yaitu cara gedengan dan cacahan. Cara gedengan biasa dilakukan oleh petani dan cara cacahan biasa dilakukan oleh penggiling. Dalam penelitian ini dip e l a j a r i pengaruh kedua cara simpan tersebut t.erhadap susut bobot dan mutu padi lokal.
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Judul: Mempelajari Penggunaan Kemasan Karung Yusup (Kombinasi Al Foil, LDPe, HDPE) Dalam Penyimpanan Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Di Tingkat Petani
Abstrak: Penyimpanan merupakan faktor penting dalam penanganan pasca panen. Petani menyimpan padi (gabah) untuk cadangan pangan dan persediaan benih dengan menggunakan karung plastik yang kurang terjamin keamanannya dari cemaran bahan ki- mia beracun dan serangan hama. Untuk melindungi bahan yang disimpan dari serangan hama dan gangguan iklim perlu dipilih jenis kemasan lain yang lebih aman. Tujuan penelitian ini mempelajari pengaruh karung Yusup terhadap beberapa faktor penyebab kerusakan selama penyimpanan. Contoh padi (gabah) diambil dari KUD setempat dan selanjutnya disimpan selama 5 bulan di dua lokasi, Desa Bongan dan Desa Pelambingan (Kabupaten Tabanan dan Kabupaten Badung, Propinsi Bali). Kadar air awal penyimpanan 13,5-14%, dengan suhu 27-31°C dan kelembaban nisbi 70-80%. Kadar air gabah yang disimpan dalam karung tradisional mengalami peningkatan dari 13,798% menjadi 14,865% untuk pe- nyimpanan di desa Bongan dan 14,324% menjadi 15.319% untuk penyimpanan di desa Pelambingan. Pola perubahan kadar air gabah yang disimpan dalam ka- rung tradisional berlangsung wajar, terlihat jelas mengiku- ti perubahan kelembaban nisbi sedangkan yang disimpan dalam karung Yusup tidak terlihat jelas mengikuti pola perubahan kelembaban nisbi. Serangga yang dominan menyerang adalah Sitophillus sp. Rhyzooertha dominica, Tribolium castaneum. Populasi pada karung tradisional 4-5 ekor/100 gram dan pada karung Yusup 1 ekor/100 gram. Jumlah mikroorganisme yang menyerang gabah yang disimpan dalam karung Yusup dan karung tradisional sama, dimana perubahan perkembangan tidak terlalu besar, antara 109 sampai 1010 koloni/gram. Jumlah kapang pada karung tradisional meningkat 100 kali (103-105), pada karung Yusup turun 10 kali (104-103). Jenis kapang yang menyerang pada awal penyimpanan adalah Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus candidus, Fusarium sp…dst
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Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Kompleks Spesies Himantura uarnak (Batoidea: Dasyatidae) di Indonesia.
Abstrak: Stingrays are one of the cartilaginous fish, apart of sharks and skates, and one of Indonesia's fishery resources. Almost of elasmobranch fishes are economically important fish. The refined products and live specimens of this fish are a lot of traded. Himantura uarnak, H. undulata and H. leoparda are stingray species in Himantura and Dasyatidae family, which are the most popular stingrays in Indonesia waters. The stingrays are major target species were used as a consumable product and trading products. Levels of species diversity of cartilaginous fish in Indonesia are very high, and also Indonesia is listed as one of the countries that use elasmobranch resources the highest in the world. Generally, this study aims to identify each species of H. uarnak species complex through molecular approaches. While specifically, this study aims to estimate the evolutionary process of species divergence and to determine the relationship between species. The methods were used in this study included field sampling, sample collection, and specimen identification, collection of genetic samples, analysis of genetic samples and data analysis . Size polymorphism nuclear DNA markers (intron EPIC) were used. Polymorphism alleles translated into genotypes and alleles frequency of five introns loci. The results of Bayesian analysis and Correspondence Analysis (CA) produced informative diagram of the population structure showed 4 different clusters. Cluster 1 and 4 were H. leoparda, Cluster 2 indicated as H. undulata and the Cluster 3 was H. uarnak. Cluster 1 was a variant of Cluster 4, in this time called as H. leoparda var.1. Separation of four clusters according to nuclear DNA need to be proved by mitochondria DNA maker by cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b (cyt b). Molecular approaches were using mitochondrial DNA gene cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) and cytochrome b produced 4 main groups (Group I, II, III and IV). Both of these molecular approaches showed each individual of groups were in consistent clade and the main group. Hence the H. uarnak species complex in Indonesian waters were divided into 4 main groups, and each was a particular species. The Group I and IV were the two group species that have been released as H. leoparda and Group I was H. leoparda var. 1 identified as cryptic species. Group II was one individual who grouped as H. undulata. Group III was one of other group that identified as H. uarnak and in accordance with the morphological characteristic through spotting pettern. Morphological approach to identified the stingrays of Himantura uarnak species complex clearly less accurate than the molecular approaches. Morphological approach should not be used to identify a species complex in stingrays without helped by other approaches.
Keyword: Himantura uarnak species complex, intron EPIC, cyt b, COI, spotting pattern