Judul: Perbandingan Sifat Fisik Tanah  Lintasan Sepeda Gunung Dan Tanah Hutan  Di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat,  Kabupaten Sukabumi, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Mountain bike track as along as 7.2 km was developed in Gunung Walat University Forest (GWUF) It was a part of development stragies of GWUF through sport-eco-tourism. Contruction and intensive utilization of mountain bike track in GWUF possibly cause changes in soil physical properties due to soil compaction, and increase the rate and amount of surface run-off and erosion. The objectives of this research are to analyze the physical properties of mountain bike track and forest soils, and to know the rate and amount surface run-off and erosion on mountain bike track in GWUF. Data collection and analysis were conducted from October 2010 until March 2011. The collected data consists of mountain bike tracks location, length, wide, area and slope steepness, types of land cover, soil physical properties, rainfall, surface run-off amount and rate, and sediment load. The location, length, wide, area, and slope steepness of mountain bike track were analyzed from mountain bike track mapping, overlaying with contour, land cover types, and soil types maps of GWUF using Geographic Information System software. Soil physical properties were analyzed through analysis of soil samples in the laboratory, except for the soil compactness was measured directly in the field using penetrometer. Soil samples were taken using the ring samples from mountain track bike track as well as forest soil at difference slope steepness, namely 8—15%, 15—25%, 25—40%, and >40%. Daily rainfall were measured using an automatic rain gauge. Amount of surface run-off and sediment loads were measured using erosion plot size of 1 m x 0.6 m. Rainfall, surface run-off and sediment load data are collected every day, during 30 days of rain events. The results of this research showed that the physical properties of soils of mountain bike track and forest were not different significantly. Surface run-off and erosion on mountain bike track were in the level of ”very low” hazard class. It means the rate of erosion was in the threshold of safe criteria. The highest surface run-off and erosion occures on the slope of 15-25%, those are 143.228,88 m³/ha/year and 206,74 ton/ha/year, respectively. Surface run-off and erosion are 187.424,42 m³/ha/year and 302,59 302,59 ton/ha/
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Judul: Variabilitas Ruang Sifat Hidrolika Tanah di Lereng Berhutan Sub DAS Cipeureu Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, Sukabumi
Abstrak: Theoretically, physical soil properties of forested hill slope varies vertically as well as horizontally, from crest to footslope, due to soil erosion process. Variation in soil proporties cause the soil hydraulic properties are different. Klute (1986) mentioned that soil hydraulic properties that determine water movement in the soil, both saturated and unsaturated are soil hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention function. This soil hydraulic properties is vary spatially (Hendrayanto 1999, Kosugi 1996, Mallants et al., 1993) and spatial variation of soil hydraulic properties affect the water flow behavior in the soil. Spatial variation of soil hydraulic properties could be analyzed by using semivariogram approach. The purpose of this research are to know the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and their impact on water storage and one dimensional vertically water flow in the soil of a forested hillslope. Such information can be used as basic data as input for the simulation of land management in Gunung Walat Educational Forest (GWEF). Soil samples were taken from six points, in a forested slope, from crest to footslope. At each point, nine soil samples from difference depths were taken. Soil water retention curves (SWRC) were measured from those samples. SWRC measurements were conducted in Kyoto University, Japan (Kosugi et al., 2009). Soil hydraulic properties were analized by using Lognormal (LN) model parameters of soil water retention and soil hydraulic conductivity functions Kosugi (1996), and spatial variability of soil hydrualic properties were analyzed using variance and semivariogram analyses. The effect of soil hydraulic properties on soil water flow were solved by using one dimensional vertically water flow based on Richard equation (1931) and numerical solution was done by using Hydrus 1D 4.14 software (Simunek et al., 2008). The results show that in general, the hydraulic properties of soil on a forested hillslope in Sub Watershed Cipeureu GWEF vary spatially (vertical and horizontal direction). Analyses of variances and semivariogram showed that two parameters of soil hydraulic properties of LN model, those are soil effective porosity (􀟠􀝏 􀵆 􀟠􀝎) and standard deviation of pore radius distribution (􀟪) are vary spatially, but not for the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the median of pore radius distribution (􀟮􀝉). The variation of soil hydraulic properties are random or not sequences from the crest to the footslope or vice versa. The variability of soil hydraulic properties give an affect on the variation of water flow in forested hill slope. Generally, flux in the vertical direction at the crest to footslope have the same trends, the top layer of soil water flux responded more quickly than the middle and bottom layers. However, the response rate of each slope position of the water flow are different. The sequence of the response of water flux at each position of the slope is: the lower slope (plot 4) > crest (plot 1) > lower slope (plot 5) > upper slope (plot 2) > mid-slope (plot 3) > footslope (plot 6).
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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