Judul: Systematic Study and Bioprospecting of Wild Mushrooms in Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki kekayaan alam yang melimpah, termasuk jamur, tetapi sampai saat ini data mengenai jamur liar serta pemanfaatannya belum terdokumentasi dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mengkarakterisasi jamur-jamur liar yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat lokal, menganalisis senyawanya, menganalisis gizinya, serta melihat kemampuan ekstrak dalam aktivitas terhadap bakteri. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan opportunistic sampling. Sampel dianalisis taksonominya dengan identifikasi morfologi dan analisis molekuler. Analisis senyawa menggunakan GC-MS, dan kandungan gizinya berdasarkan analisis proksimat. Aktivitas antibakteri dianalisis dengan metode disc diffusion pada bakteri EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli) dan Propionibacterium acne. Sembilan spesies jamur telah teridentifikasi: Pleurotus giganteus, Hohenbuehelia sp., Lentinula sp., Crepidotus sp., Pluteus sp., Trametes sp., Auricularia delicata, Scleroderma capeverdeanum, dan Trichaleurina javanica, Sebagian besar merupakan laporan terbaru untuk Indonesia. Sebanyak 200 senyawa teridentifikasi dari ekstrak empat spesies jamur, termasuk asam lemak, sterol, terpenoid, asam karboksil, cycloparaffins, dan asam benzoate. Hohenbuehelia sp. memiliki kadar air dan karbohidrat tertinggi, Lentinula sp. memiliki kadar serat kasar tertinggi, Pleurotus giganteus memiliki kadar abu dan kadar lemak tertinggi, dan Scleroderma capeverdeanum memiliki kadar protein tertinggi. Ekstrak jamur memiliki kemampuan menghambat bakteri EPEC dan Propionibacterium acne. Hasil penelitian ini memberikan informasi dasar tentang keanekaragaman jamur dan potensi senyawanya., Indonesia has abundant natural resources, including mushrooms yet their data about utilization remain scarce. This study aims to identify and characterize wild mushrooms utilized by locals, analyze their compounds, evaluate their nutritional contents, and assess the antibacterial activity of their extracts. Specimens taken from opportunistic sampling were identified based on morphological and molecular approaches. Their compounds were analyzed using GC-MS method. The nutritional value is assessed based on proximate analysis. Antibacterial activity was proven by disk diffusion test against Propionibacterium acne and EPEC (Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli). Nine species were identified: Pleurotus giganteus, Hohenbuehelia sp., Lentinula sp., Crepidotus sp., Pluteus sp., Trametes sp., Auricularia delicata, Scleroderma capeverdeanum, and Trichaleurina javanica. Most of these are new records for Indonesia. A total of 200 compounds were identified from the extracts of four mushroom species, including fatty acids, sterols, terpenoids, carboxylic acids, cycloparaffins, and benzoate acids. Hohenbuehelia sp. had the highest water and carbohydrate content, Lentinula sp. had the highest crude fiber content, Pleurotus giganteus had the highest ash and fat content, and Scleroderma capeverdeanum had the highest protein content. The mushroom extracts have the ability to inhibit selected bacteria. The results of this study provide information on mushroom diversity and their bioprospect.
Keyword: antibakteri, Biodiversitas, Jamur Liar, Proksimat, Taksonomi

Judul: Taxonomy and Ethnomycology of Wild Mushrooms Utilized by Goalpara Community in Sukabumi
Abstrak: Etnomikologi merupakan cabang ilmu yang mengkaji tentang pengetahuan masyarakat lokal di suatu wilayah mengenai pendayagunaan jamur dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Salah satu tempat yang memiliki keragaman jamur liar dan informasi etnomikologi, tetapi belum diinventarisasi dengan baik adalah Goalpara, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyediakan data taksonomi, mencatat informasi etnomikologi jamur liar yang dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Goalpara, dan menguji potensinya sebagai agen antibakteri Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) penyebab diare. Prosedur yang digunakan diantaranya pengumpulan data etnomikologi, pengambilan sampel tubuh buah jamur, identifikasi morfologi dan molekuler, serta uji potensi aktivitas antibakteri. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, terdapat 11 spesies jamur yang dimanfaatkan dan 29 jamur yang tidak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat Goalpara. Sebagian besar jamur liar yang ditemukan merupakan catatan baru untuk Indonesia. Dari 11 jamur yang dimanfatkan, sebanyak 9 spesies dikonsumsi yakni Pleurotus giganteus, Hohenbuehelia sp., Caloboletus xiangtoushanensis, Boletus sp., Fomitopsis sp., Microporus sp., Russula sp., Marasmiellus sp., dan Auricularia sp. Sementara itu, Lycoperdon sp. dan Calvatia sp. dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Pengetahuan pendayagunaan jamur sebagian besar dimiliki oleh para tetua di Goalpara dan sedikit dari generasi muda. Uji potensi aktivitas antibakteri terhadap EPEC menunjukkan bahwa baik jamur yang dimanfaatkan dan tidak dimanfaatkan secara tradisional oleh masyarakat Goalpara memiliki kemampuan menghambat pertumbuhan EPEC., Ethnomycology is a branch of science about the knowledge of local communities in an area regarding the utilization of mushrooms in daily life. One place with diverse wild mushrooms and ethnomycological information that has not been well inventoried is Goalpara, Sukabumi, West Java. This study aims to provide taxonomic data, record ethnomycological information on wild mushrooms utilized by the Goalpara community, and test their potential as antibacterial agents of Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) causing diarrhea. The procedures used include ethnomycological data collection, mushroom sampling, morphological and molecular identification, and potential antibacterial activity tests. Based on the results, 11 species of mushrooms are utilized by the Goalpara community and 29 mushrooms are not. Most of the wild mushrooms found are new records for Indonesia. About 9 mushrooms are consumed, namely Pleurotus giganteus, Hohenbuehelia sp., Caloboletus xiangtoushanensis, Boletus sp., Fomitopsis sp., Microporus sp., Russula sp., Marasmiellus sp., and Auricularia sp. Meanwhile, Lycoperdon sp. and Calvatia sp. are used as traditional medicines. The knowledge of mushroom utilization is mostly owned by the elders in Goalpara and a little from the younger generation. The potential antibacterial activity test against EPEC showed that both utilized and not utilized mushrooms could inhibit the growth of EPEC.
Keyword: antibacterial, Inventory, morphology, Local community, Molecular

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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