Judul: Great Call Variation of the Female Silvery Gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in the Dieng Mountains, Central Java
Abstrak: Mempelajari variasi vokal sangat penting untuk upaya konservasi, karena dapat memberikan cara non-invasif untuk identifikasi individu. Hal ini sangat berguna untuk memonitor satwa yang bersuara seperti owa. Owa adalah kera kecil yang memiliki vokalisasi yang keras dan spesifik tiap jenis kelamin dan spesiesnya. Salah satu vokalisasi owa adalah great call, yang sudah digunakan untuk memperkirakan populasi dan luas teritorinya. Namun, perlu dilakukan identifikasi individu yang bersuara untuk meningkatkan akurasinya. Studi variasi great call diharapkan dapat membantu dalam identifikasi owa yang dapat membantu upaya konservasinya. Salah satu populasi owa jawa (Hylobates moloch) yang cukup tinggi adalah di Pegunungan Dieng. Fragmentasi habitat adalah salah satu masalah yang tidak hanya mengancam populasi, tetapi juga perilaku owa. Studi mengenai variasi great call owa jawa di Pegunungan Dieng pernah dilakukan, namun terbatas pada beberapa wilayah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik habitat terhadap waktu mulai dan frekuensi bersuara (perilaku bersuara), beserta variasi great call owa jawa betina di Pegunungan Dieng. Penelitian dilakukan pada enam lokasi di Pegunungan Dieng, selama dua periode yaitu September-Desember 2020 dan Maret-Juni 2021. Perekaman fokus pada suara owa jawa betina dan juga dilakukan pengukuran parameter karakteristik habitat. Dataset dalam studi ini terdiri dari 370 great call dari 12 betina dan tiap great call diekstrak 33 variabel dari spektrogram. Analisis Generalized Linear Model (GLM) digunakan untuk membuat model pengaruh karakteristik habitat terhadap perilaku bersuara. Analisis variasi great call dilakukan dengan analisis kualitatif dan linear discriminant function analysis (DFA). Owa jawa betina di Pegunungan Dieng mulai bersuara pukul 05.14 WIB, dengan puncaknya pukul 06.00-06.59WIB.Waktu mulai bersuara owa jawa betina dipengaruhi oleh suhu, kelembapan, dan intensitas cahaya. Sedangkan frekuensi bersuara dipengaruhi oleh suhu, kelembapan, intensitas cahaya, rata-rata tinggi pohon, rata-rata DBH, kerapatan pohon dan luas basal area. Terdapat tujuh variasi yang berbeda dalam spektrogram suara owa jawa betina dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Tingkat klasifikasi great call owa jawa cukup tinggi dengan akurasi 84% dengan leave-one-out cross-validation. Variabel yang berkontribusi secara signifikan terhadap individualitas adalah variabel temporal. Tingkat perbedaan great call yang persebaran geografisnya jauh maupun dekat hampir sama. Studi ini berkontribusi pada semakin banyaknya bukti mengenai variasi dan individualitas vokal owa jawa, dan berpotensi meningkatkan efektivitas pemantauan populasi owa di Jawa., Quantifying vocal variation is crucial to conservation efforts as it can provide a non-invasive identification of individuals or groups. This approach is beneficial for monitoring vocal animals such as gibbons. Gibbons are small apes that have loud, and species-specific vocalizations. One of gibbon vocalization is the great call, which has been used to estimate populations and territories. However, it is necessary to identify vocalizing individuals to improve the accuracy of these estimates. The study of the variation in the great call is expected to help in the identify of individual gibbons, which can help in conservation efforts. The Dieng Mountains are the habitat of one of the highest populations of Silvery gibbons (Hylobates moloch). Habitat fragmentation is one of the problems that threatens the population in this area, and may also affect gibbon behavior. Studies on the great call variation of Silvery gibbons in the Dieng Mountains have been conducted but are limited
Keyword: bioacoustics, Javan gibbon, spectrogram, supervised classification, vocal individuality

Judul: Studi Perilaku Bersuara Owa Jawa (Hylobates Moloch Audebert, 1798) Di Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: The Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1798) is a endemic primate of Java. This species dependent on high continous canopy in low land and mountain rain forests. Gunung Halimun Salak National Park (GHSNP) has the largest primary rain forest left on Java and regarded as the remaining stronghold for Javan Gibbon. One of their special charactheristic is calling behavior that have several functions like spacing among groups. The aims of the research are to knowing daily activities patterns and types of vocal bouts in Javan Gibbon also to identified the factors that influenced their calling behavior. The research can be considered as an action to perfecting informations in population management of Javan Gibbon and in the interest of ecotourism activities at GHSNP. The research was conducted in Cikaniki to Citalahab for two months from July until August 2008. The equipments were used are camera, binocular, dry-wet thermometer, microphone, SAFA Z300 digital recorder, range finder, tallysheet and stationery. The objects are two groups of Javan Gibbon (Hylobates moloch Audebert, 1798). Monitoring was done with scan sampling method and to collecting data used continous recording method. Spectogram from Spectogram 16 software used for analysing acoustic data. Daily activities of Javan Gibbon consist of four primary activities that are eating, moving, resting and social activities such as grooming, playing and calling with mean active time 11 hours. Calling behavior happened all day in their active time, but mostly around 10:00–11:00 AM. This species used total of 25 different calling trees with average height 23 meters and they are often using Rasamala (Altingia excelsa). Body postures while Javan Gibbon calling are sitting, hanging, jumping and standing. Five types of vocal bouts are female song bout, male song bout, harassing call bout, border conflict call bout and infant call bout. Female song bout were heard in the morning around 07:00-08:00 AM with mean duration seven minutes and acoustic frequency 0-3 KHz. Mean duration of male song bout is 12 minutes and 36 seconds with the acoustic frequency 0-1,6 KHz. Harassing call bout mostly heard around 10:00-11:00 AM with mean duration 15 seconds and acoustic frequency 0,4-1,3 KHz. Mean duration of border conflict call bout is 12 minutes with acoustic frequency 0-6,5 KHz. Infant call bout given as a response when the infant needed protection from their mother. It has mean duration eight seconds with acoustic frequency 5,2-8,1 KHz. Conclusions from this research are Javan Gibbon have four primary activities that consists of eating, moving, resting and social activities with mean duration of active time 11 hours and calling time of Javan Gibbon most happened on 10:00 AM. Five types of vocal bouts are female song bout, male song bout, harassing call bout, border conflict call bout and infant call bout. Factors that influenced of calling behavior are size of group, existence number of neighbouring group, weather, food resources, threatened and disturbing habitat.
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Judul: Karakteristik dan efektivitas penetrasi kafein terjebak dan tersalut nanopartikel kitosan sebagai antiselulit
Abstrak: Chitosan used as drug carrier because of is natural polycationic and easily modified in chemical and physical properties. In this research chitosan was chemically modified by coating and entrapping anti-cellulite active substance of caffeine and physically modified by minimizing chitosan particle size into nanoparticles size. The purpose of this research is to characterize the chitosan nanoparticles from its morphology, particle size, function of group, the value of adsorption efficiency, and effectiveness of chitosan nanoparticles against in vitro penetration of caffeine as anti-cellulite using Franz diffusion cell. The morphology characterization test of caffeine trapped in chitosan nanoparticles and caffeine coated by chitosan nanoparticles resulting a smooth surface, slight convex shape, and agglomerated particles; average size of particles are 232.74 nm and 226.62 nm respectively; the function group showed a shift of wave number of amide III groups (-CN) and hydroxyl groups (-OH); the caffeine adsorption efficiency are 51,35% and 64,63% respectively. The result of effective penetration are 1.089.65 ± 10.7 μg/cm2 and 2.170.03 ± 6.85 μg/cm2 respectively.
Keyword: chitosan nanoparticles., chitosan, caffeine, anti-cellulite