Judul: Strategi Optimalisasi Penjualan Gas Bumi PT XYZ di Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Berdasarkan kebijakan dan rencana kerja pemerintah lima hingga sepuluh tahun kedepan terkait infrastruktur dan pengembangan industri gas bumi di pulau Jawa Indonesia, kondisi pasokan dan permintaan gas bumi di Jawa Timur melalui jaringan pipa akan mengalami dinamika. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mensimulasikan pasar gas tahun 2021 hingga tahun 2035 dan mengembangkan strategi penjualan gas untuk mengoptimalkan penjualan gas PT XYZ. Analisis riset pasar gas menggunakan System Dynamic Modeling (SDM) untuk menentukan skema pasokan dan permintaan gas, mensimulasikan model dan skenario berdasarkan periode waktu. Strategi penjualan gas berupa segmentasi, targetting dan positioning menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Focuss Group Discussion (FGD) untuk mengintegrasikan strategi implementasi dalam rangka mengoptimalkan penjualan gas. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa selama periode 2022 – 2025, pasar gas di Jawa Timur mengalami kelebihan pasokan gas sebesar 249 mmscfd, periode kedua pada tahun 2026-2030 pasar gas masih surplus 53 mmscfd, namun pada tahun 2030-2035 pasar gas mengalami kekurangans sebesar 260 mmscfd. Strategi PT XYZ mengutamakan sektor pupuk, industri PGN dan pedagang gas sebagai pembeli utama dengan menggunakan kriteria utama jumlah volume, jangka waktu pemanfaatan dan harga gas sebagai referensi dalam penyusunan skenario dan strategi implementasi. Skenario optimis dengan peningkatan produksi dan penjualan gas akan meningkatkan revenue dan posisi PT XYZ sebagai market leader di Jawa Timur.
Keyword: AHP, Gas Bumi, Model Sistem Dinamik, Skenario Penjualan Gas

Judul: Strategy of PT GAS Facing Business Competition in the Downstream Natural Gas Industry Distribution of West Java and Banten Regions in Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia still has conventional natural gas reserves of 100.36 TSCF (Trillion Standard Cubic Feet), and 42.46 TSCF are potential reserves. Apart from conventional natural gas, Indonesia has the potential of non-conventional natural gas, namely coal methane gas known as CBM (Coal Bed Methane) or natural gas from coal and Shale Gas (Flake Gas) potential of 452 TSCF and 574 respectively TSCF. The amount of natural gas reserves illustrates the strategic value of natural gas to fulfill national energy. However, the enormous potential of gas commodities has not yet had a tremendous impact on PT GAS development. Over the past six years, the growth of PT GAS's performance has decreased. This study aims to analyze the internal and external factors that influence the business development of PT GAS, formulate various alternative business development strategies of PT GAS, and determine priority strategies that can apply to PT GAS business development. The research started from November 2018 to April 2019. Primary research data obtained from interviews and discussions with a focus group discussion (FGD) approach and the distribution of questionnaires to nine informants who were considered competent in this study were those directly involved in the preparation of the company's strategy during This was done by PT GAS. Samples took using a purposive sampling method. The data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The strategy formulation analysis consisted of the input stage using an internal and external factor evaluation matrix, the matching stage using IE Matrix and SWOT, and the decision stage using QSPM. The results showed that internal factors were affecting business development obtained from identifying the company's strengths and weaknesses and external factors obtained from opportunities and threats. Internal factor evaluation results got a value of 3.00 (strength of 2.20 and weakness of 0.80) and an external evaluation value of 3.02 (opportunity 2.33 and threats 0.69). Internal and external evaluation calculations determine the company's position in the quadrant grow and build or grow and build. The results of the IE and SWOT analysis results showed seven alternative strategies as well as the priority order of the plan after calculating using the QSPM calculation, namely a) Market Penetration b) Product Diversification c) Improving Pipe Networks d) Improving gas quality e) Improving service quality f) Company reputation g) Strengthening branding. After going through three strategic management planning stages, the next step was selecting the main strategic alternatives that use QSPM as a tool. The primary strategy that gets the highest attractiveness value (3.20) in QSPM is "Market Penetration on an ongoing basis by strengthening the marketing research base by maximizing the pipeline network that there and good gas quality as a value proposition. This strategy is the most attractive strategy for PT GAS today. PT GAS must create a strong marketing research base by strengthening marketing
Keyword: Development Strategy, IE Matrix, natural gas, QSPM

Judul: Categorization in Macaca fascicularis.
Abstrak: Categorization is an ability to group individuals or events into different classes mediated by conceptualized mental images. There are several levels of categorization and within a taxonomy the levels are nested. At the most concrete level of categorization, all or most members of the category shared common physical attributes that differ from other categories. The higher the level of category, the fewer common attributes between members of the group. In addition to humans, the ability to categorize has also been proposed in animals. One example of categorization in animal is species discrimination. Using matching-tosample task, present experiment tested ability of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in discriminating dichotomous-stimuli of different animals. The species has been shown to be able to see photos as representations of real object so I used facial photos of humans and animals for the stimuli. First, I tested their ability to classify humans and macaques into separate group. Second, I tested their ability to discriminate their conspecific from other macaques. And the last, I tested whether the subjects were able to discriminate non-human animals from humans. In all of these experiments I found that the subjects showed high performance in categorizing objects, even when I discarded details of visual informations, such as color and local shapes. The ability to identify objects with reduced representation of physical properties means the subjects were able to generalize attributes of members of the group. This would indicate that the subjects created a higher level abstraction. On the other hand, in discriminating intrageneric macaque species I found that they were able to extract uniqueness of each species. More over, I also found that the subjects were able to put photos of non-human animals that shared very few similarities in physical percepts into one group. I suggested that the subjects could create a more abstract concept based on non-percepts relations as a basis to put the objects into one category. Thus, I concluded that M. fascicularis were able to perform multiple levels of categorizations.
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