Judul: Model mangsa pemangsa dengan respon fungsional tak monoton
Abstrak: This study examines the dynamics of predator prey system with nonmonotonic functional response. In this model the level of interaction between prey and predator is assumed to satisfy a nonmonotonic quadratic function. With this assumption the behavior occurs in the system is analyzed by considering the effects of parameter changes. Based on analysis of the model, there are 4 fixed points, which stability depend on parameter values. Based on the simulations on the parameter of prey birth rate, it can be concluded that the higher prey birth rate, there will be changes in the oscillation center of solutions. While the changes in the predator mortality rate parameter show that the higher the death rate of predator, it will change the number of fixed points and will change the stability at each fixed point. If the predator death rate reached proportion 0.5 of the predator population, it will cause the extinction of predator.
Keyword: 

Judul: Analisis Kestabilan Model Mangsa-Pemangsa dengan Interferensi Antarpemangsa
Abstrak: In this study we reconstructed a predator-prey model of three animal species in a food chain, which consist of two species of predator and one species of prey (Feng et al. (2010)). From this model we investigated the effects of interference between predators based on the saturation and competition levels. In the stability analysis five equilibrium points obtained, in which two of them are unstable saddles. The effects of saturation and competition levels to population dynamics is shown by using numerical approach, where four conditions are considered. In the first condition, the saturation level of two predators is bigger than the competition level. In the second condition, the saturation level of two predators is lower than the competition level. In the third condition, the saturation level of predator I is bigger than its competition level, but saturation level of predator II is lower than its competition level. The fourth condition, the saturation level of predator I is lower than its competition level, but saturation level of predator II is bigger than its competition level. In general, the simulation results of the four conditions above, concluded that the saturation level of predator I and competition level of predator II effects the stability of populations, whereas saturation level of predator II and competition level of predator I did not effects the stability of populations.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pembuatan Isoeugenol dari Eugenol Menggunakan Pemanasan Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu penghasil minyak cengkeh terbesar di dunia. Pasokan minyak cengkeh Indonesia ke pasar dunia mencapai 60% kebutuhan dunia. Pada tahun 2000, dari 2,080 ton minyak cengkeh yang dipasarkan, Indonesia memasok 1,317 ton (Deptan, 2005). Di negara-negara industri seperti Amerika Serikat, Perancis, Jerman, Italia, dan Inggris, minyak cengkeh digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk membuat isolat eugenol dan derivatnya seperti isoeugenol dengan nilai tambah yang lebih tinggi. Harga eugenol sebesar Rp 75 000/kg, harga isoeugenol sebesar Rp 95 000/kg (Indesso, 2006) sedangkan harga minyak daun cengkeh Indonesia di pasar Internasional sekitar Rp 25 000/kg (Deptan, 2005). Isoeugenol merupakan senyawa yang banyak digunakan sebagai campuran dalam fragrances dan dalam produk-produk konsumsi harian seperti parfum, produk perawatan kulit, deodoran, sabun, shampo, deterjen serta sebagai bahan intermediet dalam produksi vanilin sintetik. Isoeugenol dihasilkan dari reaksi isomerisasi eugenol. Reaksi isomerisasi eugenol umumnya dilakukan dengan cara mereaksikan eugenol dalam larutan basa KOH atau NaOH pada suhu tinggi selama 5 – 7 jam (Cerveny et al., 1987). Lamanya waktu pemanasan konvensional ini diduga dapat dipersingkat dengan menggunakan pemanasan gelombang mikro. Aplikasi katalis basa yang membutuhkan jumlah yang berlebih dalam reaksi isomerisasi juga dapat digantikan dengan menggunakan katalis RhCl3.3H2O dalam jumlah yang lebih rendah (Chalk, 1977).
Keyword: