Judul: Genetic diversity of microsatellite and cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene in Indonesian Buffalo
Abstrak: This study aims to determine genetic diversity in Indonesian buffaloes using microsatellite markers and cytochrome oxidase subunit I gene. The sample used in this study were 211 samples of buffaloes (30 samples of swamp buffaloes from Aceh, North Sumatra, Banten, Central Java, West Nusa Tenggara, South Sulawesi, and 19 samples from Riau) and 12 samples of river buffaloes from North Sumatra. Microsatellite markers used were CSSM66, ILSTS61, and ILSTS17 loci. Microsatellite data in term of observed number of alleles (na); effective number of alleles (ne); Observed heterozygosity (Ho); Expected heterozygosity (He); and polymorphism information content (PIC) were analyzed by GenAlEx 6.41 and Cervus 3.1. COI gene sequences were analyzed using MEGA 5.1 software with the Neighbor-joining method and kimura 2 parameter substitution models. This study showed that CSSM66 loci had two alleles and two genotypes. ILSTS61 loci had five alleles and 14 genotypes. ILSTS17 loci had two alleles and three genotypes. Microsatellite genetic distance between populations could separate Indonesian swamp buffalo. The reconstructed phylogeny tree based on COI gene sequences were able to distinguish Subspecies of swamp buffalo and river buffalo. COI gene sequences showed four haplotypes for Indonesian swamp buffalo, namely H1, H2, H3 and H4.
Keyword: genetic diversity, microsatellite, COI, Indonesian buffalo

Judul: Karakteristik Fenotipik Kerbau Rawa (Swamp Buffalo) Di Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: The objectives of the present study were to estimate variation of phenotypic characteristic, population structure and rearing management system of swamp buffalo from four sub-districts of Cibungbulang, Pamijahan, Nanggung and Sukajaya in Bogor district, West Java. A total of 238 swamp buffalo (101 males and 137 females) were used in this study buffalo were consisted of 54 heads swamp buffaloes from Cibungbulang (27 males and 27 females), 40 heads swamp buffaloes from Pamijahan (23 males and 17 females), 79 heads swamp buffaloes from Nanggung (29 males and 50 females) and 65 heads swamp buffaloes from Sukajaya (22 males and 43 females). Body dimension studied were wither height, hip height, hip width, body length, chest circumference, chest depth and chest width. Data obtained were analyzed by t test analysis with minitab package program version 14.0, while qualitative data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. The result showed that the body measurement of buffaloes which have age from 0-1 years almost the some in all districts observed. However, at the age 1 to 3 years in male observed in Pamijahan higher than Cibungbulang, Nanggung and Sukajaya (P<0,05). At the age up to 3 years in female observed in Cibungbulang higher than in Pamijahan, Sukajaya and Nanggung (P<0,05). The coat color of buffalo in Bogor district dominantly by dark gray (70,8%) followed light gray (27,4%) and albino (1,8%). Feet coat color dominantly by white color (76,2%) followed by gray color (13,7%) and black color (10,1%). The whorls almost found in head (86,3%), hip (79,2%), chest (72,1%) and under stomach (44,6%). Keywords : swamp buffaloes, quantitative characteristic, qualitative characteristic
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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