Judul: Variabilitas Ruang Sifat Hidrolika Tanah di Lereng Berhutan Sub DAS Cipeureu Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat, Sukabumi
Abstrak: Theoretically, physical soil properties of forested hill slope varies vertically as well as horizontally, from crest to footslope, due to soil erosion process. Variation in soil proporties cause the soil hydraulic properties are different. Klute (1986) mentioned that soil hydraulic properties that determine water movement in the soil, both saturated and unsaturated are soil hydraulic conductivity and soil water retention function. This soil hydraulic properties is vary spatially (Hendrayanto 1999, Kosugi 1996, Mallants et al., 1993) and spatial variation of soil hydraulic properties affect the water flow behavior in the soil. Spatial variation of soil hydraulic properties could be analyzed by using semivariogram approach. The purpose of this research are to know the spatial variability of soil hydraulic properties and their impact on water storage and one dimensional vertically water flow in the soil of a forested hillslope. Such information can be used as basic data as input for the simulation of land management in Gunung Walat Educational Forest (GWEF). Soil samples were taken from six points, in a forested slope, from crest to footslope. At each point, nine soil samples from difference depths were taken. Soil water retention curves (SWRC) were measured from those samples. SWRC measurements were conducted in Kyoto University, Japan (Kosugi et al., 2009). Soil hydraulic properties were analized by using Lognormal (LN) model parameters of soil water retention and soil hydraulic conductivity functions Kosugi (1996), and spatial variability of soil hydrualic properties were analyzed using variance and semivariogram analyses. The effect of soil hydraulic properties on soil water flow were solved by using one dimensional vertically water flow based on Richard equation (1931) and numerical solution was done by using Hydrus 1D 4.14 software (Simunek et al., 2008). The results show that in general, the hydraulic properties of soil on a forested hillslope in Sub Watershed Cipeureu GWEF vary spatially (vertical and horizontal direction). Analyses of variances and semivariogram showed that two parameters of soil hydraulic properties of LN model, those are soil effective porosity (􀟠􀝏 􀵆 􀟠􀝎) and standard deviation of pore radius distribution (􀟪) are vary spatially, but not for the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity (Ks) and the median of pore radius distribution (􀟮􀝉). The variation of soil hydraulic properties are random or not sequences from the crest to the footslope or vice versa. The variability of soil hydraulic properties give an affect on the variation of water flow in forested hill slope. Generally, flux in the vertical direction at the crest to footslope have the same trends, the top layer of soil water flux responded more quickly than the middle and bottom layers. However, the response rate of each slope position of the water flow are different. The sequence of the response of water flux at each position of the slope is: the lower slope (plot 4) > crest (plot 1) > lower slope (plot 5) > upper slope (plot 2) > mid-slope (plot 3) > footslope (plot 6).
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Judul: Soil Hydraulic Properties of Forest, Agroforestry and Cassava field in Gunung Walat Education Forest (GWEF).
Abstrak: Soil hydraulic properties expressed by water retention function and hydraulic conductivity. Water retention function is an expression of ability to store water and hydraulic conductivity is an expression of ability to transmit water. Hydraulic properties are fundamental in order to study water balances, irrigation, pollutant movement and transport processes occurred in soil. Gunung Walat Education Forest (GWEF) is one of the forest area that covered by good forest and giving benefits to surrounding area, such as providing water supply. There are agroforestry areas in GWEF and cassava field close to GWEF. Difference of land use may affect the hydraulic properties therefore hydraulic properties of soil of three land uses is important to be studied to recommend better land use management in HPGW. The objective of research to compare soil hydraulic properties of forest, agroforestry and cassava field in GWEF and the effect to water storage and vertical flow in soil. Lognormal model (LN) Kosugi (1996) is used for analysis hydraulic properties while one dimensional vertical flow simulation was done by Model of Richard’s equation (1931) and calculation of model wa done by using software HYDRUS 1D 4.14. Data collection and analysis conducted in July 2008 while data processing was done in November to December 2010. Result shows, forest has highest water retention, whereas agroforestry has highest ability to transmit water, this parameter is indicated by highest LN parameter: s-r, m and . Result of one dimensional vertical flow simulation at drying process showed that generally, flux on bottom layer more high than upper layer and agroforestry has highest total flux than forest and cassava field. While simulation at wetting process, soil at upper layer is responded to the water from rain with high flux rather than the soil at the bottom layer and then also decreased first when rain stop with small flux. Forest soil most responsive in flux change and has highest total flux., Sifat hidrolika tanah digambarkan oleh retensi air tanah dan konduktivitas hidrolika yang menunjukan kemampuan menyimpan dan mengalirkan air. Sifat hidrolika tanah penting untuk diketahui karena merupakan pengetahuan dasar untuk mempelajari neraca air, irigasi, gerakan polutan dan proses perpindahan yang terjadi di dalam tanah. Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat (HPGW) merupakan salah satu kawasan hutan yang terjaga keberadaan tegakan hutannya yang memberikan manfaat bagi wilayah sekitar, salah satunya sebagai pemasok air. Di area HPGW terdapat juga agroforestri dan disekitar HPGW terdapat kebun singkong. Penggunaan lahan yang berbeda kemungkinan akan berdampak terhadap sifat hidrolika tanahnya, sehingga sifat hidrolika tanah dari ketiga bentuk penggunaan lahan tersebut perlu diketahui sebagai masukan bagi pengelolaan lahan di HPGW. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui perbedaan sifat hidrolika tanah di lahan berhutan, agroforestri dan kebun singkong di HPGW dan dampaknya terhadap penyimpanan dan pengaliran air dalam tanah secara vertikal. Model lognormal (LN) Kosugi (1996) digunakan untuk analisis sifat hidrolika tanah sedangkan simulasi aliran dalam tanah satu dimensi menggunakan model persamaan Richard (1931), perhitungan model tersebut dilakukan dengan menggunakan bantuan perangkat lunak HYDRUS 1D 4.14. Pengambilan dan analisis data dilaksanakan pada Juli 2008 sedangkan pengolahan data dilakukan pada November sampai Desember 2010. Hasil menunjukan bahwa tanah hutan
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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