Judul: Akses kepada kredit formal dan kesuksesan usaha mikro, kecil, dan menengah di Sulawesi Tengah, Indonesia
Abstrak: Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in Indonesia economy with the share in the numbers of the firms reaches 99.99 percent. Central Sulawesi is one of province in Indonesia which also has many MSMEs engaged in agricultural and non-agricultural sectors. Access to credit is one of major problems hampering MSMEs development in Central Sulawesi since only 39.33 percent of MSMEs in the research area which had access to credit in 2001-2007. This research is aimed to analyze the determinant of access to formal credit of non-agricultural MSMEs in Central Sulawesi and to determine the role of access to credit to the success of MSMEs. We use panel data from household’s survey of STORMA project in 2001, 2004, and 2007. There are two models are used in this research namely logit model (non-linear panel data model) and OLS model (linear panel data model). Each models are extended by panel data models i.e. pooled, population average (Pa), fixed effects (FE), and random effects (RE) model. Based on the evaluation of the four models and the result of the Hausman specification test for the FE and RE model, we decided to use random effects model for both analysis. Econometrics results from random effects show that the significance factors influencing access to credit are education, value of asset, and age of the owners. Whilst the result from random effects OLS model proves that formal credit limit has positive roles in the success of MSMEs in Sulawesi Tengah. On the other hand, informal credit limit is not statistically significance influencing the profit because of the inability of the informal lenders to provide amounts of credit as needed by the firms. Besides the formal credit limit, other variables which also significantly influence MSMEs’s profit are age of the owners and main Income from business.
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Judul: Peranan kredit mikro dan kecil terhadap kinerja usaha kecil dan ekonomi wilayah di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Development of the Indonesian economy can not be separated from the role of micro and small enterprises. This strategic role can be seen from the number of enterprise units, providing employment opportunities, as well as the contribution of the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). Hence efforts to develop and strengthen the potential of small enterprises at the local level should be able to form strong and independent local economic entity by improving the role of micro and small credits. The objectives of the research were, (1) to analyze the influence of micro and small credits on small enterprises performance, (2) to analyze the influence of micro and small credits from microfinance institutions on the regional economy, and (3) to formulate the policies for development of micro and small credits that can promote the performance of small enterprises. This research used an econometric analysis in the form of simultaneous equation towards two models, (1) the model of small enterprises economic consists of eight behavioral equations and three identity relationships, and (2) the model of credit and regional economy linkage consists of eleven behavioral equations and two identity relationships. Estimation for structural equation parameters used the method of Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). The research conclusions are as follows: (1) the micro and small credits have an influence on the enterprise revenue, which is the main performance indicator of small enterprises, (2) the micro and small credits taken by these small enterprises will increases with the reduced interest rates, which in turn will increase the enterprise capital, the use of raw materials, fuel and labor, and finally increase the enterprise revenue, (3) the micro and small credits from cooperatives and commercial banks as well as from rural banks have only a little influence each on the GRDP in the manufacturing and trade sector as well as the services sector as a proxy of regional economy. Nevertheless the micro and small credits from rural banks and cooperatives can not be showed significantly influence in GRDP of agriculture sector, and (4) the simultaneous combination of policies with an increased credits taken by small enterprises, increased selling price of product, and expansion of product marketing areas will bring about the greatest increase in a row on: enterprise capital, enterprise revenue, enterprise income, and the use of raw materials.
Keyword: micro credits, small credits, small enterprise, enterprise performance, gross regional domestic product, econometric model

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf