Judul: Gambaran respon kebal terhadap Newcastle Disease pada ayam pedaging yang divaksin IBD-Killed
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan membandingkan gambaran respon kebal terhadap Newcastle Disease pada ayam broiler yang divaksin IBD killed dan IBD lived. Sebanyak 1000 ekor ayam pedaging strain Cobb dibagi dalam dua kelompok masing-masing 500 ekor. Kelompok P1 divaksinasi dengan vaksin ND lived dan IBD killed dosis tunggal, sedangkan kelompok P2 sebagai kontrol divaksinasi dengan vaksin ND lived dan ND killed. Dua minggu kemudian dilakukan vaksinasi pada kelompok P2 dengan vaksin AVI IBD inter (lived vaccine). Sampel darah diambil pada minggu ke-0, minggu ke-2, dan minggu ke-4. Pengamatan dengan uji haemaglutinasi inhibisi dilakukan terhadap seluruh sampel serum. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan kelompok P1 mampu membentuk antibodi terhadap ND dengan titer yang protektif pada 2-4 minggu setelah vaksinasi. Kelompok P2 hanya mampu membentuk titer antibodi protektif terhadap ND pada minggu ke-2 setelah vaksinasi ND. Pada minggu ke-4 kelompok P2 mengalami penurunan antibodi terhadap ND. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa vaksinasi IBD lived pada minggu ke-2 menyebabkan imunosupresi pada ayam yang divaksin ND sehingga antibodi terhadap ND pada 2 minggu setelah vaksinasi IBD menurun menjadi tidak protektif lagi. Dari hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa vaksinasi IBD killed dosis tunggal tidak menyebabkan imunosupresi sehingga tidak mengganggu pembentukan antibodi terhadap vaksinasi ND. Kata kunci : titer ND, virus IBD, Hemaglutinasi
Keyword: Titer ND, Virus IBD, Hemaglutinasi inhibisi

Judul: Gambaran respon kebal terhadap newcastle disease (ND) pada ayam pedaging yang di vaksin IBD-Killed setenagh dosis
Abstrak: This research aimed at learning immune response of againts Newcastle Disease (ND) on broiler were given half dose IBD-killed vaccine. Two hundred day-old broiler chicks where randomly divided into four groups of 50 chicks each. Before being divided, 25 chicks was taken their blood to know maternal antibodies titer against ND. On the 4'" day chicken groups P1 and P2 was vaccinated with ND active vaccine and ITA ND+IBD half dose inactive vaccine. The P3 and P4 chicken groups were vaccinated with ND active vaccine and ND inactive vaccine on the same day. The repeated ND active vaccination was given to all group on the 2Sth day. The against IBD challenge test was can-ied out on the 14"' day in the group PI and P3. Sample of blood was taken on the 1411', 21S', 2Sti', and 42"d day. Titer antibodies against ND observation were done with haemaglutination inhibition test against all the sample of senun. Results of the research showed that effect of iinuilosupresion happened to the group that was challenged by the IBD vims in the 1'' and 2"* week post infection. Four weeks after test, titer antibodies of groups that vaccinated ITA ND+IBD half dose inactive vaccine could increase, whereas the group that not vaccinated stayed low. Based on this research, showed that the vaccination of IBD-killed half dose could not protect the chicken towards effect immunosupresion up until two weeks after infection.
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Judul: Socioeconomic and psychological variables influencing household debt
Abstrak: The overall objective of this study was to examine factors influencing total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. The study examined the impacts of both psychological (credit attitudes and perception of future income) and socioe- conomic variables on total debt, total debt payment and patterns of debt payments. A conceptual model for this study was developed by incorporating the theory of borrower risk, the economic and psychological economic theory of borrowing, and the results of previous studies. This model identifies socioeconomic and psycholog- ical variables that influence total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. Socioeconomic variables included in the model are gender, race, mari- tal status, employment status, household size, age, education, and household assets. Psychological variables are credit attitudes toward the use of credit, and perception of future income. This study used data from the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances. The survey was sponsored by the Federal Reserve in cooperation with some other federal agencies. Data for the survey were collected by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan between August 1989 and March 1990. dst ...
Keyword: Gender