Judul: Mempelajari fermentasi ubi kayu parut segar dengan hidrolisa enzim sebagai perlakuan pendahuluan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari metoda yang baik pada fermentasi singkong parut segar berdasarkan alternatif metoda yang dipakai sebagai perlakuan. Dalam penelitian perlakuan perlakuan yang dipakai untuk menyusun alternatif metoda fermentasi yang baik adalah likuifikasi enzim (Ar), gelatinisasi 70- 75°c (A2), sakarifikasi 48 jam (B₁), sakarifikasi awal dua jam (B2), fermentasi hari pertama (C₁), hari kedua (C₂) dan hari ketiga (C3) Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan ialah rancangan acak lengkap dengan percobaan faktorial dan ulangan dilakukan sebanyak dua kali. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ternyata dari semua perlakuan selama fermentasi menunjukkan keadaan pH yang selalu menurun, sedangkan total asam yang dihasilkan selama fermentasi selalu menunjukkan kenaikan. Jadi antara pH dan total asam ada hubungan. Ekivalen dekstrosa dan kadar gula pereduksi pada kombinasi perlakuan AB₁ selalu menurun, kombinasi perlakuan A1B2 selama fermentasi tiga hari selalu meningkat, kombinasi perlakuan A2B₁ pada hari kedua menurun, tetapi pada hari ketiga terjadi peningkatan, dan untuk kombinasi perlakuan A2B2 menunjukkan grafik yang menurun.
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Judul: Fermentasi asam laktat oleh Rhizopus oryzae pada substrat singkong hasil hidrolisis asam
Abstrak: Keberadaan tanaman singkong di Indonesia sangat melimpah dan belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara optimal. Salah satu manfaat singkong yaitu bisa dijadikan bahan baku pembuatan asam laktat melalui proses fermentasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji potensi singkong sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi asam laktat. Tahap pertama dilakukan analisis kandungan pati pada sampel Tapioka Lampung (TL), Singkong Tanpa Kupas (STK), dan Onggok Tapioka (OT). Selanjutnya dilakukan hidrolisis asam pada sampel tersebut dengan menggunakan HCL 5% pada pH 1,2. Setelah proses hidrolisis dilakukan pengukuran nilai DE (Dextrose Equivalent). Hidrolisat kemudian difermentasikan dengan menggunakan Rhizopus oryzae selama 4 hari pada suhu 30°C dengan kecepatan 250 rpm. Setelah masa fermentasi dilakukan pengukuran kandungan asam laktat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, Tapioka Lampung memiliki kandungan pati paling tinggi yakni sebesar 83,10 %, kemudian Singkong Tanpa Kupas (STK) sebesar 71,6 % dan Onggok Tapioka sebesar 55,7 %. Nilai DE pada hasil hidrolisis asam untuk sampel Tapioka Lampung (TL), Singkong Tanpa Kupas (STK) dan Onggok Tapioka masing-masing sebesar 41,70 %, 33,37 % dan 22,30 %. Dari proses fermentasi, kadar asam laktat yang dihasilkan dari sampel Tapioka Lampung (TL), Singkong Tanpa Kupas (STK) dan Onggok Tapioka masingmasing sebesar 60,55 g/l, 18,19 g/l dan 14,82 g/l, sedangkan dari standar glukosa dihasilkan asam laktat sebesar 96,94 g/l.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite