Judul: Analisa Perbedaan Tenaga Mesin (HP) dan Ukuran Kapal (GT) Pada Perikanan Purse Seine di Tegal, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pe- ngaruh perbedaan tenaga mesin (HP) dan ukuran kapal (GT) terhadap hasil tangkapan pada perikanan purse seine, serta untuk mencari kombinasi antara tenaga mesin (HP) dan ukur- an kapal (GT) yang menguntungkan secara teknis maupun eko- nomis bagi usaha perikanan purse seine di Kotamadya Tegal. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama kurang lebih dua bulan, sejak tanggal 7 Mei sampai dengan 2 Juli 1983. Me- tode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah studi ka- sus (case study) dengan mengambil kasus kapal-kapal purse seine yang berukuran 15,00 - 24,99 GT dan 25,00 34,99 GT dengan tenaga penggerak untuk kedua kelompok ukuran kapal tersebut masing-masing 61 HP dan 131 160 HP. - - 110 HP, 111 90 HP, 91- 130
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Judul: Gross tonage hubungannya dengan tenaga penggerak (hp) pada kapal pukat cincin (purse seine) di kabupaten takalar, provinsi sulawesi selatan:
Abstrak: The waters of Takalar Regency provide a good fishing area for pelagic fish such as kembung, layang, tembang, teri, lemuru, cakalang, and belanak. There are various types of vessels with fishing equipment of different sizes in the area, one of which is purse seiner, a purse seine vessel which dominates the area. The objective of this study is to determine the values of HP and GT of purse seiners in Takalar. An initial step was taken to directly measure several vessels. Measuring the main dimensions was performed to determine the value of GT vessel compared to the value of GT stated in the vessel documents and the data from the listed engine power compared to the actual engine power during operation. The analysis was conducted descriptively, numerically, and comparatively on the purse seiners in Takalar regency based on naval architecture method. The success of a purse seine fishing depends on the speed of setting and the speed of putting nets in circle. The result for a vessel with the biggest IHP of 330 HP and the lowest IHP of 115 HP. Based on those IHP value, a speed of 10.56 knots could be generated for the largest IHP and 2.50 knots for the lowest. The simulation results for 8 vessels show that HP, should be 20 times from the GT value. Since the highest GT value is 20-30 GT, so the IHP value of 400-600 HP.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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