Judul: Transformasi Struktural Perekonomian Indonesia dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya
Abstrak: Perubahan dalam produksi maupun ketenagakerjaan di berbagai sektor ekonomi terjadi seiring dengan berjalannya pembangunan. Proses transformasi struktur ekonomi ditandai oleh perubahan peran pangsa relatif sektor primer akan mengalami penurunan dan meningkatnya peran sektor industri dalam ekonomi.
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Judul: Transformasi Struktural Perekonomian Indonesia dalam Kerangka Model Input Output Tahun 1971-2008
Abstrak: Stabilisasi dan liberalisasi ekonomi pada akhir dekade 1960-an terbukti merupakan titik awal bagi pembangunan ekonomi dan industri. Pergeseran kepemimpinan nasional dari Presiden Soekarno kepada Jenderal Soeharto pada tahun 1966 membuka cakrawala baru bagi Indonesia dalam bidang politik dan ekonomi (Weinstein 1976). Pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih serius dan terencana dengan baik di Indonesia baru dimulai sejak awal pelaksanaan Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun pertama (Repelita I) tahun 1969 dan prosesnya berjalan mulus sejak itu hingga terjadi krisis ekonomi tahun 1997-1998. Upaya stabilisasi dan rehabilitasi dilakukan dalam semangat desentralisasi dan detatisme untuk mengatasi kondisi ekonomi yang buruk pada akhir masa orde lama. Perubahan struktur PDB merupakan akibat dari industrialisasi di Indonesia (Kuncoro 2007). Proses industrialisasi di Indonesia telah dimulai sejak akhir tahun 1980 (Dasril 1993), dan berdasarkan kriteria United Nation Industrial Development Organization sampai dengan tahun 2008 Indonesia termasuk kedalam kategori negara semi industri. Pertanyaannya adalah apakah benar telah terjadi perubahan struktural yang mendasar dalam perekonomian Indonesia seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi? Apakah model input-output cukup akurat jika digunakan dalam perencanaan ekonomi? Bagaimana peran sektoral dalam proses transformasi struktural perekonomian Indonesia? Sektor ekonomi apa yang memiliki keterkaitan antarsektor yang tinggi dan menjadi kunci dalam perekonomian Indonesia? Fakta terjadinya deindustrialisasi negatif pada perekonomian Indonesia memunculkan pertanyaan, apakah stategi industrialisasi yang diterapkan di Indonesia telah berbasis sumberdaya? Apakah transformasi perekonomian Indonesia sebaik transformasi negara berkembang lainnya? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan kajian empirik terhadap perubahan struktur perekonomian (economic landscape) di Indonesia dalam kerangka model input output (IO) selama kurun waktu 1971 sampai dengan 2008.
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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