Judul: Trading Procedure and Estimation of the Illegal Trade of Rhinoceros Hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros Linnaeus 1758)
Abstrak: Perdagangan satwa liar menguntungkan bagi Indonesia, akan tetapi jika dilakukan secara ilegal perdagangan satwa liar merugikan ekonomi negara, ekologi, budaya, maupun sosial. Salah satu satwa yang sering diburu dan diperdagangkan secara ilegal adalah rangkong badak. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi data kasus perdagangan ilegal rangkong badak dari tahun 2012-2020 yang didapatkan melalui studi pustaka data kasus Mahkamah Agung RI dan wawancara ke Pasar Pramuka Jakarta, BKSDA Jakarta, PPS Alobi Bangka Belitung, dan Ditjen GAKKUM LHK. Data yang didapat, dianalisis untuk mengetahui alur tata niaga, karakteristik pelaku, serta menduga volume dan nilai perdagangan ilegal rangkong badak. Hasil penelitian mengidentifikasi lima tipe alur tata niaga perdagangan ilegal rangkong badak, yang didominasi oleh tipe multiple barriers to market, dengan pelaku yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu perantara. Jumlah rangkong badak yang dijual yaitu sebanyak 223 individu yang berfluktuatif tiap tahunnya. Nilai rangkong badak memiliki nilai yang berbeda sesuai dengan keadaan rangkong badak tersebut. Kerugian negara akibat perdagangan ilegal rangkong badak yaitu sebesar Rp1.211.753.030,00., Wildlife trade is beneficial to Indonesia, but if it is carried out illegally, wildlife trade is detrieintal to the country’s economy, ecology, culture, and society. One of the animals are often hunted and traded is the rhinoceros hornbill. The research was conducted by identifying data on illegal trade cases from 2012-2020 obtained through a literature study of case data from Mahkamah Agung RI and interviews to the Pramuka Market Jakarta, BKSDA Jakarta, PPS Alobi Bangka Belitung, Mahkamah Agung, and GAKKUM. The data were analyzed to determine the flow of trade, characteristics, actors, and the alleged volume and value of the illegal rhinoceros hornbill trade. The results of the study identified 5 types of rhinoceros hornbill trade chain, and dominated by multiple barriers to market, with the most common actors being intermediaries. The number of rhinoceros hornbills sold was 223individuals, which fluctuated every year. The value of rhinoceros Hornbill has a different value according to the condition. State losses due to illegal rhinoceos hornbill trade amounted to Rp1.211.753.030,00.
Keyword: animal trade, illegal, rhinoceros hornbill

Judul: Trading System and Estimating Illegal Trade Volume of Pig-nosed Turtles (Carettochelys insculpta Ramsay 1886)
Abstrak: Praktik perdagangan ilegal satwa liar menyebabkan kerugian secara ekologi dan ekonomi bagi negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi alur tata niaga, karakteristik pelaku, dan menduga volume serta nilai perdagangan kura-kura moncong babi. Metode pengumpulan data melalui wawancara dengan pihak KLHK, BKSDA, dan bea cukai. Data transaksi perdagangan pada tahun 2016-2020 diperoleh dari putusan pengadilan negeri dan penelitian terdahulu yang dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat alur tata niaga yaitu harvester directly to consumer, market space restricted, gatekeeper, dan redundant channels. Peran pelaku perdagangan sebanyak 20 orang yang terdiri dari satu pemburu, 18 perantara, dan satu konsumen. Pendugaan volume perdagangan ilegal kura-kura moncong babi pada tahun 2016-2020 sebanyak 19.064 ekor dari 16 transaksi perdagangan. Total nilai perdagangan kura-kura moncong babi pada tahun 2016-2020 sebesar Rp492.530.000,00 – Rp493.780.000,00., The practice of illegal wildlife trade causes ecological and economic losses for the country. This study aims to identify the flow of the trade system, the characteristics of the actors, estimate the volume and value of trade in pig-nosed turtles. The method of collecting data is through interviews with the KLHK, BKSDA, and custom duty. Trade transaction data in 2016-2020 were obtained from district court decisions and previous research which were analyzed descriptively qualitatively and quantitatively. The results of the study show that there are four channels of illegal trade, harvester directly to consumer, market space restricted, gatekeeper, and redundant channels. The role of the trader is 20 people consisting of one harvester, 18 intermediaries, and one consumer. The estimated volume of illegal trade in pig-nosed turtles in 2016-2020 was 19,064 from 16 trade transactions. The total trade value of pig-nosed turtles in 2016-2020 is Rp.492,530,000.00 – Rp.493,780,000.00.
Keyword: illegal, pig-nosed turtle, trade, wildlife

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4