Judul: Postharvest Treatment of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) with Beeswax, Carnauba Wax, and Chitosan at Room Temperature
Abstrak: Cabai rawit (Capsicum frutescens L.) termasuk salah satu bahan masakan yang banyak digunakan oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Produksi cabai rawit dari tahun ke tahun terus mengalami kenaikan. Data BPS dan Dirjen Hortikultura menunjukkan bahwa pada tahun 2017 produksi cabai rawit mencapai 1 juta ton dan pada tahun 2020 mencapai 1,51 juta ton. Namun, penanganan pascapanen yang kurang tepat dapatmenyebabkan kerugian seperti penurunan kualitas. Salah satu metode yang dapat mengurangi kerugian tersebut ialah pelapisan dengan lilin maupun kitosan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan konsentrasi terbaik dari pelapisan pascapanen dengan lilin lebah, lilin karnauba, dan kitosan yang dapat meningkatkan umur simpan cabai dan menurunkan kerusakan buah pasca panen. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan faktor tunggal. Penelitian terdiri dari 10 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan yang disimpan pada suhu ruang 27 °C dalam wadah mika bening yang tertutup. Varietas cabai rawit yang digunakan yaitu cabai rawit Bonita dan Rawita. Pengaplikasian perlakuan dilakukan pada H0 hari setelah panen. Pengamatan bobot, kualitas visual buah, dan gejala penyakit dilakukan pada hari ke- 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, dan 18 hari setelah perlakuan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol (aquades), lilin lebah (0,5%, 1,5%, dan 2,0%), lilin karnauba (0,5%, 1,5%, dan 2,0%), kitosan (0,5%, 1,5%, dan 2,0%). Perlakuan pelapisan dengan lilin lebah, lilin karnauba, dan kitosan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap warna kulit baik pada cabai rawit Bonita maupun Rawita. Konsentrasi lilin lebah terbaik yaitu 2,0%, konsentrasi lilin karnauba terbaik yaitu 1,5%, dan konsentrasi kitosan terbaik yaitu 2,0%., Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is the most widely used cooking ingredients in Indonesian society. The production of cayenne pepper from year to year increase continues. Data from BPS and the Director General of Horticulture show that in 2017 the production of cayenne pepper reached 1 million tons and in 2020 it reached 1.51 million tons. However, improper post-harvest handling can cause losses such as decreased quality. One method that can reduce these losses is coating with wax or chitosan. This study aims to find the best concentration of postharvest coating with beeswax, carnauba wax, and chitosan which can increase the shelf life of chili peppers and reduce post-harvest fruit damage. The study used a randomized block design (RAK) with a single factor. The study consisted of 10 treatments with 3 replications stored at room temperature of 27 °C in a closed clear mica container. The varieties of cayenne pepper used are Bonita and Rawita. The treatment was applied on H0 days after harvesting. Observations of weight, visual quality of fruit, and disease symptoms were carried out on days 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 days after harvest. Postharvest treatments on chili consisted of control (distilled water), beeswax (0,5%, 1,5%, and 2,0%), carnauba wax (0,5%, 1,5%, and 2,0%), chitosan (0,5%,1,5%, and 2,0%). Coating treatment with beeswax, carnauba wax, and chitosan had no significant effect on skin color in both Bonita and Rawita. The best consentration of beeswax is 2,0%, the best consentration of carnaubawax is 1,5%, and the best consentration of chitosan is 2,0%.
Keyword: antraknose, edible coating, fruit gloss, wrinkles

Judul: Coating and Low-Temperature Storage of Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens) of Lokal Garut and Ori 212 Varieties
Abstrak: Cabai rawit memiliki kadar air cukup tinggi sehingga tidak dapat disimpan terlalu lama serta mudah mengalami kerusakan. Buah cabai yang sudah dipanen masih melangsungkan aktivitas fisiologis dan metabolisme sampai buah memasuki tahap pembusukan. Perlu penanganan pasca panen yang dapat memperpanjang umur simpan dan mempertahankan mutu cabai rawit, contohnya pelilinan menggunakan bahan yang aman dikonsumsi seperti lilin lebah, lilin karnauba, dan kitosan. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui konsentrasi dari masing masing bahan pelapisan yang efektif memperpanjang masa simpan dan mempertahankan mutu buah dengan penyimpanan suhu rendah. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal yaitu konsentrasi bahan pelapisan. Pengamatan yang dilakukan terdiri dari pengamatan destruktif meliputi pengukuran kadar air pada awal sebelum perlakuan dan pengamatan non-destruktif meliputi pengukuran susut bobot, kualitas visual buah, kemunculan gejala penyakit, pembusukan buah, dan buah kering. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelilinan dikombinasi dengan penyimpanan pada suhu rendah dapat menekan susut bobot, mempertahankan kualitas visual, serta menghambat kemunculan gejala penyakit. Pelapisan menggunakan lilin lebah 0,5%, lilin karnauba 1,5%, dan kitosan 1,5% dengan penyimpanan suhu rendah mampu mempertahankan kualitas buah selama 30 hari., Cayenne pepper has a properly high moisture content so it makes fruit can’t be stored for too long and it is easily damaged. The cayenne pepper that has been harvested still carries out physiological and metabolic activities, until chili pepper has a stage of decay. Further postharvest handling is needed to extend the shelf life and maintain the quality of chili pepper, coating fruit with safe materials for consumption. The coating materials used such as bees wax, carnauba wax, and chitosan. This study aims to determine the concentration of each different coating material that is effective to extend the shelf life and maintain fruit quality with low-temperature storage. The study also used a single factor Randomized Block Design (RAK), namely the concentration of coating material. The parameters observed are destructive and non-destructive. Destructive parameters include moisture content and non-destructive parameter included fruit weight loss, visual quality of fruit, the appearance of disease symptoms, fruit rot, and dryness. The results showed that coatings in combination with low-temperature storage could reduce weight loss, maintain visual quality, and inhibit the appearance of disease symptoms. Waxing with bees wax 0,5%, carnauba 1,5%, and chitosan 1,5% with low-temperature storage was able to maintain fruit quality for 30 days.
Keyword: postharvest, quality, storage life, weightloss

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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