Judul: Pengaruh pemberian asam fulvat dalam ransum terhadap bobot karkas, organ dalam dan kolesterol daging ayam broiler.
Abstrak: Fulvic Acid (FA), a class of compounds resulting from decomposition of organic matter, is a part of the humic structure. FA has ability to chelate trace minerals to enable of nutrients uptake. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of FA into the diets on body weight, carcass, giblets, and meat cholesterol of broiler chickens. Three hundred and seventy five broilers were allocated into five treatments : R0 (basal diet without FA), R1 (R0 + 0.25% FA), R2 (R0 + 0.50% FA), R3 (R0 + 0.75% FA), and R4 (R0 + 1.00% FA). The treatments were carried out for 5 weeks. Each group consisted of 5 replications with 15 broiler chickens for each replication. Feed and drinking water were served ad libitum. Parameters observed were body weight, percentage of carcass, giblets, digestive tract, abdominal fat, and meat total cholesterol. Data from Completely Randomized Design were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and any significant different was further tested using Duncan multiple range test. The results showed that there was no significant difference in body weight, percentage of carcass, heart, liver, spleen, bursa fabricius, abdominal fat, proventriculus, gizzard, ileum, secum, length of duodenum, ileum, and secum due to the treatments. Jejunum length was increased by supplementation 0.50% FA (P<0.05). However, supplementation 1.00% FA decreased (P<0.05) percentage of duodenum and colon compared to the control. Supplementation 0.75% FA and 1.00% FA also decreased (P<0.05) percentage of jejunum compared to supplementation 0.25% FA. All the treatments increased meat total cholesterol compared to the control. It can be concluded that supplementation up to 1.00% FA in diets didn’t give negative effects in body weight, carcass, and organ in the chicken. Supplementation 0.50% FA in the diets was potential as organic feed additive that could improve the efficiency of nutrient absorption in the digestive tract, and eliminated the nonspecifically stress of the broiler chickens.
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Judul: Amino Acid Supplementation into High Fat Broiler Diet for Reducing Abdominal Fat Deposition
Abstrak: Fats or oils are used in poultry nutrition as source of energy, essential fatty acids and carrier of fat soluble vitamins. Most oil that used in Indonesia feed industry is palm oil that has metabolizable energy 8000 kcal kg-1. Fatty acids contained in palm oil are greatly palmitic acid of 39.23% and oleic acid of 38.21%. Palm oil utilization up to 6% do not affect abdominal fat deposition. Abdominal fat become a problem in modern broiler chicken industry. Abdominal fat do not only reduce carcass yield percentage and feed efficiency, but is also rejected by costumer. Abdominal fat might be reduced with the increasing digestibility and metabolisibility fat in the diet by amino acids supplementation. Glycine and taurine were amino acids that have role to synthesize bile salt for fat emulsification. Lysine and methionine were precursor to synthesize L-carnitine that has function to transport fatty acid for -oxidation process in mitochondria. The aim of this study was to elaborate appropriate amino acids supplementation into high fat broiler diet to improve fat absorption and metabolism in order to reduce abdominal fat deposition. This study used 240 day old broilers Cobb strain. They were placed randomly into 24 pens with density of 10 birds/m2. Broiler chickens were given feed and water ad libitum for 42 days. At 21st and 42nd day, each treatments were taken four broiler chicken come from each replication. They were slaughtered and their blood serum were taken. The treatments diet were R0 (basal diet contained 5% palm oil), R1 (R0 + 0,25% glycine), R2 (R0 + 0,25% taurine), R3 (R0 + 15% total lysine and methionine of basal diet), R4 (R0 + 0,25% glycine + 0,25% taurine), and R5 (R0 + 0,25% glycine + 0,25% taurine + 15% total lysine and methionine of basal diet). Completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replicates was used in this study. The variables measured were performances, serum metabolites, gall bladder characteristics, apparent digestion coefficient of nutrients, nutrients content of meat, and relative weight of carcass and organs broiler chicken. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and if any means significant differences were continued by Duncan multiple range test, except mortality. The results showed that all amino acids supplementation significantly reduced feed consumption, body weight and weight gain at 1-42 day old broiler chickens. Feed conversion broiler chicken for 1-42 day old fed R2 and R3 significantly increased, R1 and R4 were not significant, and R5 significantly reduced compared control. Chicken fed R3 had highest mortality than those of other groups. All supplementation of amino acids significantly increased serum uric acid and triglyceride, but significantly reduced serum cholesterol broiler chicken at 21 and 42 days old. Gall blader relative weight for 21 days fed R1 and R4 significantly increased, but fed R2 significantly increased at 42 days. All amino acid supplementations increased gall blader weight broiler chicken at 21 days, except fed R3. Whereas, broiler chicken fed R3 significantly reduced gall blader weight at 42 days. Weight and volume of bile liquid broiler chicken fed R1, R2 and R4 at significantly
Keyword: Abdominal fat, amino acid supplementation, broiler chicken, bile salt, L-carnitine

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf