Judul: Analisis Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja (K3) Pada Industri Pengolahan Teh (Studi Kasus Pada Bagian Produksi PT. Sinar Inesco, Tasikmalaya)
Abstrak: The problems in Occupational Safety and Health frequently still are ignored. This matter is shown with the number of work accident remain high. Based on data recorded in PT. Jamsostek, there were 83,714 work accident cases in Indonesia within year 2007. This number includes 6,506 handicaps, and 1.883 deaths. Agriculture is one of the most hazardous occupations in worldwide. In several countries the fatal accident rate in agriculture is two times higher than the average for all other industries. PT. Sinar Inesco as one of agro industry has quite intense activity involving labors, appliance, method, expense, and the material and also full time daily work. That condition owns the possibility of the happening of risk or hazard even accident in activity execution. This research was aimed to study potential hazard in working environment, to know the risk level in each hazard, and to identify the factors dealing with Occupational Safety and Health. Risk assessment used qualitative analysis which generally known as 2D model, where risk level was calculated from multiplication of Likelihood with Consequence which was reconciled with matrix table of risk analysis 2D model. Risk level showed by the matrix was then used define control techniques in accordance with literature and condition of location. Identification resulted that hazards at production activity of tea processing were classified into 4 units e.g. pre-withering and withering, hulling and fermentation, drying, sorting and packing. Hazards with low risk levels are slumped, incurred by heat from fan, collided by chair monorail, the noise (at pre withering and withering unit), slipped (at hulling and fermentation unit), clamped in drying door (at drying unit), dust breathed by respiration, noise and collided (at sorting and packing unit). Hazard with medium risk level was included scratches (at pre withering and withering unit), fallen down, electricity shocked, noise (at hulling and fermentation unit), hot exposure and slipped (at drying unit), clamped in enchain, eye incurred by dust and electricity shocked (at sorting and packing unit). The last level is high risk. This kind of risk has to be reduced before continuing work. Hazard with high risk level consist of pulled by propeller, and electricity shocked (at pre withering and withering unit), clamped, cut (at hulling and fermentation unit), fallen down, burned, noise (at drying unit) and pulled by propeller (at sorting and packing unit). Observations indicate that the cause of hazard can be grouped into two, that is, unsafe action done by worker and unsafe condition. Unsafe action done because the workers have less knowledge about Occupational Safety and Health. Unsafe condition commonly caused by destroying equipments such as production machines and the working safety equipments Each hazard has different risk levels; therefore, different control techniques are suggested. Control which can be done in general is to frame Standard Operation Procedure (SOP), to use personal protection, display, as well as to repair damaged equipments and machine. Control can be used by all hazards for low, medium and high risk while the extreme risk has to be eliminated.
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Judul: Analisis K3 (keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja) dalam kegiatan pemanenan hutan di HPHTI PT Musi Hutan Persada (MHP) Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Abstrak: Pemanenan hutan merupakan salah satu kegiatan dalam bidang kehutanan yang memiliki resiko kecelakaan kerja tinggi karena berkaitan dengan penggunaan alat-alat berat serta lingkungan alam yang sulit diramalkan. Di samping itu, faktor manusia merupakan salah satu elemen yang menjadi penyebab utama kecelakaan kerja. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Strechike dalam Idris dan Soemarno (1988) dinyatakan bahwa pekerja di bidang pemanenan kayu di daerah tropis di Asia Tenggara dan Afrika Barat dapat mengalami kecelakaan dua kali dalam setahun dan selama masa kerjanya satu dari lima pekerja meninggal karena kecelakaan. Akibat dari kecelakaan kerja dapat mempengaruhi ekonomi, kehilangan waktu kerja, kerusakan alat, kematian, kelainan atau cacat, kekacauan organisasi, dan keluhan atau kesedihan. Dengan waktu kerja yang terbuang menyebabkan kerugian bagi perusahaan dan pekerja itu sendiri. Perusahaan akan kehilangan produksi (loss production) yang seharusnya diperoleh perusahaan. Sedangkan bagi pekerja akan kehilangan pendapatan sebesar waktu hilang akibat kecelakaan. Sehingga perlu adanya upaya pencegahan kecelakaan melalui penerapan K3 di lingkungan perusahaan. Namun selama ini baik pemerintah maupun Perusahaan HPH atau HTI belum sepenuhnya menerapkan sistem K3 (Keselamatan dan Kesehatan Kerja) di lingkungan kerja. Hal ini diketahui dengan tidak adanya data-data kecelakaan yang akurat. Selain itu, masih banyak pula tenaga kerja yang belum memiliki sikap keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja. Padahal upaya pencegahan kecelakaan dapat terwujud jika ada interaksi yang baik antara pemerintah, pengusaha dan pekerja di samping pula didukung oleh lingkungan kerja yang harmonis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat kecelakaan kerja dan STS, mengetahui tingkat persepsi pekerja terhadap K3 di lingkungan kerja, menganalisa secara deskriptif kondisi K3 di perusahaan, dan menghitung nilai kehilangan produksi (loss production). Penelitian dilaksanakan di HPHTI PT. Musi Hutan Persada, Unit Supporting Logging I Subanjeriji, Sumatera Selatan Pelaksanaan pengambilan data di lapangan dilaksanakan selama 2 minggu dari tanggal 23 September sampai dengan 12 Oktober 2001....
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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