Judul: Netralisasi Limbah Cair Industri Tapioka secara Biofiltrasi dengan Menggunakan Enceng Gondok (Eichhornia crassipes) dan Kapu - Kapu (Salvinia molesta)
Abstrak: Penelitian i n i dilakukan dengan t u juan mempela jari aspek netralisasi limbah cair industri tapioka secara biofiltrasi dalam rangka mdestarikan tata guna air di perairan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan split plot , terdiri dari dua faktor.Faktor pertama adalah waktu detensiter diri dari empat taraf , yaitu 0 hari , 2 hari, 4 hari , dan 6 hari . faktor kedua adalah persentase penutupan kolarn oleh tumbuhan, terdiri dua taraf yaitu 50 persen dan 100 persen (pada kolam enceng gondok &an kolam kapu-kapu) atau 50 persen dan 0 persen +(kolarn enceng gondok-kapu-kapu dan kontrol ).
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Judul: Percobaan netralisasi limbah cair industri tapiloka dengan cara koagulasi dan aerasi
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetralkan limbah cair industri tapioka dengan tiga macam "treatment" dan enam taraf lama penyimpanan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan percobaan faktorial, terdiri dari dua faktor masing-masing tiga dan enam taraf dengan dua ulangan yang merupakan kelompok. Faktor pertama terdiri dari limbah cair tanpa "treatment" (A), limbah cair yang dikoagulasi (A₁) dan limbah cair yang diaerasi (A2). Faktor kedua terdiri dari penyimpanan O hari (B), penyimpanan 2 hari (B₁), penyimpanan 4 hari (B2), penyimpanan 6 hari (Bz), penyimpanan 8 hari (B₁₄) dan penyimpanan 10 hari (B5). Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap suhu limbah cair, pH, kekeruhan, total padatan tersuspensi, "Dissolve Oxygen" (DO), "Biochemical Oxygen Demand" (BOD), oksigen yang diabsorb dari KMnO, selama 4 jam, Bahan Organik Total (BOT), karbon di- oksida (CO2) dan asam sianida (HCN). Suhu limbah cair selama pengamatan berkisar antara 20 27 °C, suhu udara 24 30 °C, pH 3,676,69, kekeruhan 2154-4983 (mg/1 S102), total padatan tersuspensi 16,52 216,55 mg/1, DO 0,0... 4,8 mg/1, BOD 1024 1584 mg/1, ok- sigen yang diabsorb dari KMnO4 60,18 406,80 mg/1, BOT 416,195158,14 mg/1, CO2 7,99 419,50 mg/l dan HCN 7,5664,80 mg/1.
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Judul: Morphofunctional Characteristic of the Shoulder and Upper Arm Muscles of The Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
Abstrak: Orangutans are arboreal primates that have similarities to gorillas and chimpanzees from both anatomical and physiological aspects, although there are distinct behaviors that allow for differentiation in the structure of the locomotor apparatus. This research aims to study the anatomy of the muscles of the shoulders and upper-arm of the Bornean orangutan associated with the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This study was conducted by observing the morphology of the shoulders and upper-arms muscles and watching their behaviors through video observations. The results showed that the rotator cuff muscles in orangutans were relatively thick resulted in well-fixed shoulders. Musculus rhomboideus occipitalis is only observed in orangutans to facilitate them during arboreal activities such as brachiation. The external trunk muscle in orangutans is found to be relatively large compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, due to the lifting of the upper arms while in trees and on the ground. Musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii were well developed as flexors of the elbow joint and hold the body mass while climbing up the tree. The Bornean orangutans' activities are more arboreal than those in gorillas and chimpanzees, thus their shoulder and upper arm muscles were more developed to support brachiation activities., Orangutans are arboreal primates that have similarities to gorillas and chimpanzees from both anatomical and physiological aspects, although there are distinct behaviors that allow for differentiation in the structure of the locomotor apparatus. This research aims to study the anatomy of the muscles of the shoulders and upper-arm of the Bornean orangutan associated with the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This study was conducted by observing the morphology of the shoulders and upper-arms muscles and watching their behaviors through video observations. The results showed that the rotator cuff muscles in orangutans were relatively thick resulted in well-fixed shoulders. Musculus rhomboideus occipitalis is only observed in orangutans to facilitate them during arboreal activities such as brachiation. The external trunk muscle in orangutans is found to be relatively large compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, due to the lifting of the upper arms while in trees and on the ground. Musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii were well developed as flexors of the elbow joint and hold the body mass while climbing up the tree. The Bornean orangutans' activities are more arboreal than those in gorillas and chimpanzees, thus their shoulder and upper arm muscles were more developed to support brachiation activities.
Keyword: arboreal, Bornean orangutans, shoulders and upper-arm muscles, terrestrial