Judul: Resistensi Enterobacteriaceae Terhadap Antibiotik pada Daging Ayam dari Tempat Potong Hewan Unggas di Kota Bogor.
Abstrak: Tingginya tingkat resistensi Enterobacteriaceae terhadap antibiotik merupakan masalah yang sangat serius dalam bidang kesehatan di dunia. Antibiotik banyak digunakan pada hewan secara intensif untuk pengobatan, pencegahan penyakit dan pemacu pertumbuhan. Pemakaian antibiotik pada hewan terbukti memicu timbulnya resistensi Enterobacteriaceae, sebagai contoh Enterobacteriaceae telah resisten terhadap antibiotik fluoroquinolon, quinolones, β- lactam, tetrasiklin, potentiated sulfonamides. Resistensi beberapa antibiotik terhadap foodborne bakteri mengakibatkan kegagalan dalam pengobatan infeksi gastrointestinal pada manusia. Foodborne bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotik dapat transfer ke manusia melalui rantai makanan atau secara kontak langsung. Adanya implikasi hubungan antara resistensi antibiotik terhadap foodborne bakteri dengan terjadinya resistensi antibiotik pada manusia maka pemakaian antibiotik pada industri peternakan harus dikontrol. Kerjasama antara peternak, dokter hewan, dokter umum dan ahlikesehatan masyarakat dibutuhkan untuk mengontrol resistensi foodborne bakteri.
Keyword: antibiotik, resistensi, bakteri foodborne, daging ayam

Judul: Profil Resistensi Enterobacter spp. Asal Ayam Broiler di Kabupaten Bogor terhadap Antibiotik
Abstrak: Enterobacter adalah genus dari bakteri Gram negatif yang termasuk dalam famili Enterobacteriaceae. Enterobacter secara normal ditemukan dalam saluran pencernaan pada manusia dan hewan. Di samping itu, Enterobacter dapat menyebabkan infeksi baik di manusia maupun hewan seperti infeksi saluran urinari, pneumonia, bakteremia, dan infeksi lainnya yang termasuk dalam infeksi nosokomial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan profil resistensi antibiotik bakteri Enterobacter spp. yang diisolasi dari ayam broiler di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji kepekaan antibiotik Kirby-Bauer dengan keping antibiotik terstandar. Penelitian dilakukan sejak bulan September hingga Oktober 2016 di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Laboratorium Terpadu Divisi Mikrobiologi Medik, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Sampel diambil dari organ hati dan darah jantung lima ekor ayam broiler. Bakteri Enterobacter spp. yang diisolasi menunjukkan resistensi terhadap eritromisin, enrofloksasin, ampisilin, amoxisilin, dan basitrasin namun masih peka terhadap antibiotik oksitetrasiklin dan gentamisin.
Keyword: antibiotik, broiler, Enterobacter spp., resistensi

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm