Judul: Suitability of Ship Dimensions and Engine Power Used by Small Scale Fishing Vessels at Palabuhanratu Fishing Port
Abstrak: Bahan bakar menjadi komponen penting dalam operasi penangkapan ikan di Palabuhanratu, namun tingginya harga bahan bakar menjadi beban bagi nelayan dan pemilik kapal. Untuk menghemat biaya operasional, perlu dilakukan evaluasi kesesuaian dimensi kapal perikanan dengan daya mesin yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kesesuaian dimensi kapal dengan daya mesin yang digunakan serta kebutuhan bahan bakar operasi penangkapan ikan. Pendekatan yang dilakukan adalah dengan membandingkan daya mesin yang digunakan dengan kebutuhan daya mesin teoritis dan antara jumlah bahan bakar yang dibawa saat trip penangkapan dengan kebutuhan bahan bakar teoritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa mesin yang digunakan oleh mayoritas kapal skala kecil di PPN Palabuhanratu masih terlalu besar dari kebutuhannya, kecuali pada kapal kayu yang menggunakan motor tempel 40 PK. Nelayan cenderung membawa bahan bakar lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan bahan bakar teoritis dengan rata-rata sebesar 62,1%. Selain karena menggunakan ukuran mesin yang lebih besar dari yang seharusnya, hal ini juga disebabkan oleh kecenderungan nelayan menyediakan BBM cadangan selama operasi penangkapan ikan., Fuel is an important component in fishing operations in Palabuhanratu, but the high price of fuel is a burden for fishermen and boat owners. To save operational costs, it is necessary to evaluate the suitability of fishing vessel dimensions with the engine power used. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the suitability of vessel dimensions with the engine power used and the fuel requirements of fishing operations. The approach taken was to compare the engine power used with the theoretical engine power requirements and between the amount of fuel carried during the fishing trip with the theoretical fuel requirements. The results showed that the engines used by the majority of small- scale vessels in PPN Palabuhanratu were still too large for their needs, except for wooden vessels using 40 PK outboard motors. Fishermen tend to carry more fuel than the theoretical fuel needs with an average of 62.1%. In addition to using a larger engine size than necessary, this is also due to the tendency of fishermen to provide spare fuel during fishing operations.
Keyword: BHP, fishing vessels, fishing vessels engine, fuel, PPN Palabuhanratu

Judul: B/D Ratio Effects on Technical Performance of Outrigger Fishing Boats (Case Study of Outrigger Fishing Boats in PPN Palabuhanratu)
Abstrak: Perahu kecil dan ramping biasanya dipasang katir sebagai konstruksi tambahan untuk meningkatkan kestabilannya. Praktik serupa juga terjadi di Pelabuhan Perikanan Palabuhanratu. Masifnya penggunaan katir di sebagian besar pelabuhan perikanan, termasuk Palabuhanratu, menimbulkan kendala sandar karena terbatasnya luas wilayah pelabuhan, sehingga diperlukan modifikasi perahu atau cadik untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Menyesuaikan kelangsingan lambung dengan menentukan rasio lebar dan tinggi kapal (B/D) yang tepat dapat menjadi pendekatan potensial untuk menghilangkan cadik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dirancang untuk menentukan rasio B/D yang ideal untuk kapal tanpa kontruksi katir berdasarkan stabilitas dan ketahanannya sesuai dengan tujuan operasional. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasi terhadap tiga nilai B yang berbeda dengan konstanta D yang masing-masing mengalami dua kondisi operasional yang berbeda, yaitu beban setengah dan beban penuh. Kualitas stabilitas kapal dievaluasi dalam lima parameter yang ditentukan oleh IMO, sedangkan kinerja ketahanan dievaluasi menggunakan analisis perbandingan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan tujuan operasionalnya, perahu dengan rasio B/D sebesar 1,69 mempunyai performa terbaik untuk dioperasikan tanpa cadik., Small and slender boats are usually installed with outrigger as additional construction to enhance its stabilities. The same practices are found in Palabuhanratu fishing port. The massive use of outrigger in most fishing ports, including Palabuhanratu, have led to berthing problems due to limited area of the port basin, hence boat or outrigger modification is required to overcome the problem. Adjusting the hull slenderness by defining the proper breadth and depth (B/D) ratio can be potential approach to eliminate the outrigger. Therefore, this research is designed to define ideal B/D ratio for boat without outrigger based on its stability and resistance in accordance with operational purpose. The study was conducted by simulating three different B values with constant D, each of which experiencing two different operational conditions, half and full loads. The quality of boat stability was evaluated in five parameters defined by IMO, whilst the resistance performance was evaluated using comparison analysis. The result showed that according to its operational purposes, the boat with B/D ratio of 1,69 has the best performance to be operated without outrigger
Keyword: kontruksi katir, tahanan kapal, stabilitas kapal

Judul: Kualitas mikrobiologi keju: keberadaan staphylococcus aureus pada tahap pembuatan keju gouda
Abstrak: Milk and its derivative products could potentially transmit pathogenic microorganisms from animals to human. Staphylococcus aureus is one of the microorganisms that commonly presents in milk and dairy products. This bacteria is often associated with foodborne disease outbreaks due to the ability of some strains to produce thermostable enterotoxins. The aim of this study was to analyze the presence of S. aureus during the Gouda cheese manufacturing process. Samples were obtained from every stages of Gouda cheese production. Staphylococcus aureus analysis was performed using pour plate method in Vogel Johnson agar. The number of S. aureus in raw milk was 2.4 x 103 CFU/ml (exceeding the maximum level for contaminant specified by BSN in SNI No. 3141.1-2011). The number of this bacteria increased in the following stages. The highest level was reached in young Gouda cheese (3.6 x 106 CFU/g). This level significantly increased from ripened cheese to become young Gouda cheese and remained stable during the ripening process. The high level of S. aureus in Gouda cheese (exceeding the maximum level for contaminant specified by BSN in SNI No. 7388-2009) indicates it could be potentially cause foodborne disease.
Keyword: foodborne disease, Gouda cheese, milk, Staphylococcus aureus