Judul: a Filariasis Control Strategy Based on Entomological Studies and the Role of Health Institutions in Bogor District, West Java Province
Abstrak: Lymphatic filariasis being a global health problem and the second leading cause of disability globally. Indonesia is a country with filariasis endemic status. In 2016, the disease were reported endemic in 29 provinces and 239 districts/cities of Indonesia, with an estimated 102.279.739 people at risk of being infected with filariasis. Bogor Regency was an endemic filariasis area with the discovery of clinical filariasis patients continuing to grow from year to year since 2004 until now. Until the end of 2018, there were 117 people with clinical filariasis in Bogor Regency. The control of filariasis in Bogor Regency has focused on administering drugs to patients and preventing and limiting disability. Attention to mosquitoes as vektors was still minimal, entomological studies based on mosquito bioecology have not been carried out, so that this control effort still leaves problems in the field. In addition, data and information about the factors that influence filariasis are not widely known. In connection with this, to control filariasis, Bogor Regency must pay attention to all aspects that can affect the incidence of filariasis, including vektors, the environment, humans, agents, and the role factors of health institutions. Based on these problems, it is necessary to research filariasis both on an agent, environmental, vektor, human factors, and the role of health institutions as primary data that can be used to develop an integrated filariasis control strategy in Bogor District. The study was carried out for 10 (ten) months, namely June-July 2019, September 2019-February 2020 and August-September 2021. Collection of adult mosquitoes, observation of mosquito larvae habitats and measurements of community behaviour were carried out in two villages, namely Tamansari Village and Cimanggis Village. Epidemiological studies, program evaluations and the role of health institutions were carried out in 46 Puskesmas in Bogor Regency and the Bogor District Health Office. Adult mosquitoes are collected every two weeks for six months using the human landing collection (HLC) and resting collection methods for 12 hours of observation (18.00-06.00). Mosquito larvae were collected in various habitat types every month for six months. Dissection technique and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) carried out the detection of filarial in the mosquito body. They were measuring community behaviour using interview questionnaires with a sample size of 157 respondents in Tamansari Village and 369 in Cimanggis Village. Epidemiological studies and evaluation of the filariasis program were carried out by analyzing secondary data from the Bogor District Health Office. Study of the role of health institutions using a monitoring and evaluation questionnaire at the health centre level and in-depth interviews with key informants at the Bogor District Health Office level. Distribution of filariasis in Bogor District with dominant sufferers in women (59.8%) and productive age (36-45 years). The chi-square test results showed a significant difference between the age groups with the incidence of filariasis from year to year (p<0.05). In contrast, the relationship between gender and theincidence of filariasis from year to year did not show a significant difference (p>0.05). Sub-districts with filariasis sufferers increased from 55% in 2015 to 77,5% in 2018. The implementation of POPM includes treatment achievement rates (>
Keyword: Bogor, entomologik, institusi kesehatan, pengendalian filariasis, strategi, Bogor, entomological, filariasis control, health institutions, strategy

Judul: Status Kerentanan Vektor Aedes aegypti terhadap Insektisida dan Kaitannya dengan Kejadian Kasus Demam Berdarah di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Nowadays, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever is still one of the health problems in Indonesia, especially in Bogor City. Spraying insecticides with malathion are the most common activity to control Aedes aegypti as a Dengue vector. The objective of this study was to obtain data on susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti to malathion (organophosphate), bendiocarb (carbamate) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid) in Bogor City. The research was carried out by using the method of susceptibility test (WHO 1975) which contained malathion 0,8%, bendiocarb 0,1% and deltamethrin 0,025% impragnated paper. Ae. aegypti was collected by ovitrap from 12 endemic regions in Bogor City. The eggs were hached and reared in laboratory until F2 generations, then treated by those insecticides. The result showed that based on percentage of mortality, five isolates of Ae. aegypti (i.e. Lawang Gintung, Kebon Kelapa, Kebon Pedes, Kedung Waringin, and Tegal Gundil) were resistant against malathion (organophosphate); five isolates (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng, and Bantarjati) were tolerant; and two isolates (i.e. Baranangsiang and Cilendek Barat) were still susceptible. Otherwise, all strains of Ae. aegypti from 12 regions in Bogor City were resistant against bendiocarb (carbamate) and deltamethrin (pyrethroid). Meanwhile the result of RR50 value showed that eight isolates (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng, Bantarjati, Baranangsiang dan Cilendek Barat, Kebon Kelapa) were resistant against malathion; four isolates of Ae. aegypti (i.e. Lawang Gintung, Kebon Pedes, Kedung Waringin, and Tegal Gundil) ware not resistant (RR<10). Otherwise, all strains of Ae. aegypti from 12 regions in Bogor City were resistant against bendiocarb and deltamethrin (RR>10). The susceptibility status of 12 Ae. aegypti isolates in Bogor City were also performed in distribution by map. The study on dengue cases in Bogor City showed that the high insidence of dengue was related to the high frequency of using insecticides as one of the vector control method. Beside that the dengue cases in Bogor City during the years of 2008- 2012 were also related to the climate factors such as precipitation, temperature and humidity. The result analysis of correlation between dengue cases and precipitation for 5 years showed significant values (P<0,05) on seven areas (i.e. Baranangsiang, Kebon Kelapa, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, Bantarjati, Tegal Gundil, and Kedung Waringin). However, five areas showed no significant values (P>0,05) (i.e. Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Menteng and Lawang Gintung). Meanwhile, the relationship of dengue cases with average temperatures for five years showed no significant values in all area of Bogor City. Futhermore, the relationship of dengue cases with average humidity during the years of 2008-2012 showed significant values (P<0,05) in five areas (i.e. Baranangsiang, Kebon Kelapa, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, and Bantarjati), while the seven areas (i.e Katulampa, Bondongan, Tegal Lega, Cilendek Barat, Kebon Pedes, Lawang Gintung and Menteng) showed no significant values (P>0,05).
Keyword: Aedes aegypti Linn, Insecticide resistance, organophosphate, Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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