Judul: Udder Temperatures Pre- and Post- Milking and its Correlation on Milk Production of Friesien Holstein Cow
Abstrak: Secara eksternal, ciri fisik bagian tubuh tertentu pada sapi perah dapat dijadikan acuan untuk menentukan kapasitas produksi, salah satunya melalui kondisi ambing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu ambing sebelum dan sesudah pemerahan serta korelasinya dengan produksi susu sapi Friesien holstein. Penelitian menggunakan 14 ekor sapi Friesien holstein pada periode laktasi dua sampai empat yang bebas mastitis. Suhu ambing sebelum dan sesudah pemerahan diukur pada 4 titik corpus ambing yang berbeda menggunakan alat thermometer infrared selama 3 hari berturut-turut. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode analisis regresi linear sederhana dan korelasi product moment Pearson. Rataan selisih suhu ambing sebelum dan setelah pemerahan sebesar 1,90±0,47 oC (pagi) dan 1,19±0,49 oC (sore) (P<0,05). Suhu ambing sebelum pemerahan (T0P dan T0S) dan nilai penurunan suhu ambing pagi hari (ΔTP) menunjukan korelasi positif (r0P= 0,65; r0S= 0,85; rΔTp= 0,76) terhadap produksi susu (P<0,05) dengan nilai koefisien determinasi 42,49%, 72,98%, dan 57,58%. Terdapat hubungan antara suhu ambing dengan produksi susu pada sapi perah yang bebas mastitis, Externally, the physical characteristics of certain body parts in dairy cows can be used as a reference to determine milk yield, one of which is through the condition of the udder. This study aims to determine the temperature of the udder pre- and post- milking and its correlation with the milk yield of Friesien holstein cows. The study used 14 Friesien holstein cows in the second to fourth lactation period which free from mastitis. The temperature of the udder pre- and post- milking was measured at 4 different points of the udder corpus using an infrared thermometer for 3 consecutive days. Data were analyzed using simple linear regression analysis and Pearson product moment correlation method. The mean difference in udder temperature pre- and post- milking was 1,90±0,47 oC (morning) and 1,19±0,49 oC (afternoon) (P <0,05). The temperature of the udder pre- milking (T0P and T0S) and the decrease in udder temperature in morning milking (ΔTp) showed a positive correlation (r0P= 0,65; r0S= 0,85; rΔTp= 0,76) on milk production (P<0,05) with a coefficient of determination 42,49%, 72,98% and 57,58%. There is a correlation between udder temperature and milk yield in dairy cows which free from mastitis.
Keyword: Friesien holstein, Milk production, Udder temperature

Judul: Morfometrik Sapi Friesien dan Holstein Terhadap Produksi Susu Periode Laktasi Berbeda Menggunakan Citra Digital
Abstrak: Morphometrics is a quantitative analysis of the body which includes shape and size which is used to describe the characteristics of cattle. Morphometric measurements can increase milk production in dairy cows. However, manual morphometric measurements pose several problems, including causing livestock to become more easily stressed, measurements become less accurate because livestock move too much and can even pose a risk of livestock aggressiveness which causes researchers to be injured by livestock attacks. Based on these constraints, it is necessary to develop morphometric measurements, especially chest circumference and body length of dairy cows, to be used to calculate body weight more easily and reduce this risk. The solution for easier and more effective morphometric measurements is digital image processing from photos of dairy cows taken from a smartphone camera with the help of Image J and then processing the digital image using edge detection to determine the morphometric size of dairy cows. This study aims to analyze the morphometrics of Friesian and Holstein cows regarding milk production in different lactation periods using digital images. Morphometric parameters in this study included body length, height, chest width and weight. Other parameters are milk production and Body Condition Score (BCS). This research method uses descriptive statistics, comparative test analysis, pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the research showed that body length, height, chest circumference and weight of Holstein cattle were superior to Friesian cattle at the three locations of Pondok Rangon, Lembang and Kunak. The chest width of Holstein cattle is wider than that of Friesian cattle. Body Condition Score (BCS) for Friesian and Holstein cattle is in the BCS 4 range, which shows that Friesian and Holstein cattle have ideal body condition. Milk production in Friesian cows tends to be stable during the period from lactation 1 to lactation 3. Cows that have a longer body, height, and weight and chest width have a tendency to produce optimal milk. Body length, height, chest width and weight influence the production of Friesian and Holstein cattle. Chest width and cow weight can influence milk production in Friesian and Holstein cows, forming one of the main factors. Another second factor is height, body length and lactation period.
Keyword: morfometrik

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf