Judul: Fermentasi Biji Kopi Menggunakan Bakteri Selulolitik, Xilanolitik dan Proteolitik Asal Luwak
Abstrak: Civet coffee is fermented coffee which is produced naturally in the digestive tract of mongoose. The production of civet coffee is relied on the availability of the civet, therefore the production is costly. This research aim was to produce synthetic civet coffee by enzymatic fermentation.The enzymes were produced by cellulolytic, xylanolytic, and proteolytic bacteria that were isolated from civet feces. The combination treatment was examined the highest enzymatic production from different bacteriawiththe variation oftemperature during four days. During the fermentation, the produced enzymes were used for hidrolize the substrate. Enzymatic process was determined by changing the total and reducing of sugar, weight losses, protein content and the enzyme activity produced in the substrate. The fermentation was done by cellulolytic bacteria and combination of threebacteria. Alltreatment were resulledan approximate similarcaffein reduction (48%), however the nutrition content indicated by organic acid were shown that thecoffee fermentation has a low oxalic acid and higher butyric, lactic and ascorbic acid.
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Judul: Produksi Kopi Secara Enzimatis Menggunakan Bakteri Proteolitik dan Kombinasi Bakteri Selulolitik dan Xilanolitik Dari Luwak
Abstrak: Civet coffee is a commercial coffee produced from in vivo by civet. The production of civet coffee is rely on the availability and sustainability of civet life cycles. The purpose of this research was to produces civet like coffee by solid substrate fermentation. Coffee pulp (60 mesh) used as a media growth of bacteria and produced enzyme which used by coffee beans. The substrate of fermentation added inoculum at 10% (wet basis) and fermented for 4 days at 30oC and 37oC. Inoculum using a single bacteria (proteolytic), a mix between cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria, and a mix between proteolytic, cellulolytic, and xylanolytic bacteria. Data measured were reducing sugar, total sugar, protein content and enzyme activity daily. Coffee beans from the best fermentation for each treatment analyzed by HPLC. Fermentation using proteolytic bacteria shown best performance at 37oC for one day incubation, fermentation using a mix cellulolytic and xylanolytic bacteria at 30oC after three days incubation and the combination of three bacteria similar to using combination of two bacteria. Quality of fermented coffee based on organic acids and caffeine content equivalent to the original civet coffee. For all treatments was lower caffeine contents than civet coffee. Organic acids in fermented coffee shown higher lactate, butyrate, and ascorbate acids and lower oxalate acids. Fermented coffee has a better nutrition contents than original civet coffee.
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Judul: Analisis Kekuatan Pondasi Tiang Pancang terhadap Beban Gempa pada Gedung RSUD Kota Depok Berdasarkan SNI 1726:2012
Abstrak: Pondasi adalah bagian terendah dari bangunan yang meneruskan beban bangunan ke tanah atau batuan yang ada di bawahnya. RSUD Kota Depok yang dibangun pada tahun 2008 perlu dievaluasi kekuatannya terhadap beban gempa berdasarkan SNI 1726:2012. Berdasarkan penelitian, nilai kapasitas dukung ultimit tiang sebesar 388.8 ton dan daya dukung ijin sebesar 129.6 ton. Daya dukung aksial kuat menahan beban aksial kecuali pada pondasi jenis PC18. Nilai daya dukung aksial pemodelan pada PC18 sebesar 19 991.99 kN sedangkan hasil perhitungan sebesar 15 424.33 kN. Nilai daya dukung lateral (Hu) tiang pancang sebesar 1132.13 kN dan nilai daya dukung lateral pemodelan terbesar berada pada jenis PC7 pada arah gaya Y (Hy) dengan nilai 802.70 kN. Penurunan tunggal pondasi pada gedung RSUD Kota Depok sebesar 1.17 cm. Penurunan kelompok terbesar terjadi pada PC18 sebesar 5.17 cm. Penurunan izin pada PC18 sebesar 58.5 cm. Nilai daya dukung dan penurunan pondasi hasil perhitungan lebih besar dibanding nilai yang didapat dari pemodelan melalui program ETABS, maka dapat disimpulkan daya dukung dan penurunan pondasi RSUD Kota Depok aman.
Keyword: daya dukung, gempa, penurunan pondasi, tiang pancang