Judul: Formulasi, Karakteristik Fisikokimia, dan Aktivitas Antibakteri Krim Ekstrak Daun Pare (Momordica charantia) Berbasis Minyak Kelapa
Abstrak: Krim ekstrak daun pare berbasis minyak kelapa merupakan salah satu produk olahan non pangan yang potensial karena memiliki sifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat formulasi basis krim minyak kelapa sesuai standar mutu SNI 16-4399-1996 dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri krim. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan etanol 96%. Analisis krim ekstrak etanol daun pare berbasis minyak kelapa memiliki stabilitas yang homogen. pH krim minyak kelapa, dengan tambahan 0.5 g serta 1 g ekstrak etanol daun pare berada pada nilai 4.70, 4.85, dan 6.31. Viskositas krim yang diperoleh adalah 5542.67 cP (F1), 5989.33 cP (F2), 5999 cP (F3). Aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. epidermidis menggunakan metode dilusi dengan penentuan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM), sedangkan pada bakteri P. acnes menggunakan metode difusi dengan penentuan zona hambat. Krim F1A, F2A, dan F3A yang diujikan terhadap bakteri P. acnes tergolong memiliki zona hambat bakteri sangat kuat. Diameter zona hambat yang terbentuk adalah 29.81±0.84c mm untuk krim F1A, 32.55±1.08d mm untuk krim F2A, dan 21.39±2.17b mm untuk krim F3A., Cream of Momordica charantia leaves extract based on coconut oil is one of the potential non food product because it has antibacterial properties. This research aimed to make coconut oil cream base formulation according to SNI 16-4399-1996 quality standard and test the antibacterial activity of cream. The extraction was perfomed by maceration using 96% ethanol. Analysis of cream of ethanol extract of M. charantia leaves in coconut oil has homogeneous stability. The pH of coconut oil cream, with an additional 0.5 g and 1 g of M. charantia leaves ethanol extract is at a value of 4.70, 4.85, and 6.31. The cream viscosity is 5542.67 cP (F1), 5989.33 cP (F2), 5999 cP (F3). Antibacterial activity against S. epidermidis was carried out by dilution method with determination of MIC, whereas in P. acnes bacteria carried out by diffusion method with determination of inhibition zone. Cream of F1A, F2A, and F3A tested on P. acnes are classified as having very strong inhibition zones. The diameter of the inhibition zone formed was 29.81±0.84c mm for F1A, 32.55±1.08d mm for F2A, and 21.39±2.17b mm for F3A cream.
Keyword: Antibacterial, Coconut oil, Cream, Formulation, Momordica charantia

Judul: Stabilitas Mutu dan Efektivitas Antibakteri Krim dan Sabun Cair Wajah Berbahan Aktif Tea Tree Oil dan Kolagen Ikan
Abstrak: Tea tree oil adalah bahan aktif yang mengandung terpinen-4-ol yang berguna untuk pengobatan jerawat dikarenakan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi formulasi krim dan sabun cair yang terbaik, stabilitas mutu produk, mengetahui efektivitas antibakteri, dan pendugaan umur simpan formulasi terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan persentase 0.5%, 1.25%, 1.5% tea tree oil dari sediaan krim, dan digunakan persentase 3%, 4%, 5% kolagen ikan serta 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% tea tree oil dari sediaan sabun cair. Pemilihan formulasi ditentukan dari segi parameter analisis produk dan organoleptik dengan menggunakan pembobotan termodifikasi dan aspek harga produksi ekonomis. Pada penelitian ini formulasi krim dengan persentase tea tree oil 1.5% (F3) serta formulasi sabun cair dengan persentase 3% kolagen ikan dan 0.5% tea tree oil (a.x) dipilih karena memiliki keunggulan dari segi parameter organoleptik dan analisis produk. Formulasi krim F3 memiliki nilai pH 7.26, viskositas 10360 cP, dan daya sebar 5.03 cm. Formulasi sabun cair a.x memiliki nilai pH 7.97 dan asam lemak bebas 0.59%. Umur simpan produk krim ditentukan oleh parameter kritis daya sebar, sedangkan untuk produk sabun ditentukan oleh parameter kritis asam lemak bebas. Produk krim dan sabun cair memiliki efektivitas antibakteri dikarenakan adanya diameter zona hambat. Kedua produk tersebut juga memperoleh persentase penerimaan umum yang cukup baik sehingga dapat diterima oleh konsumen dan mampu bersaing dengan produk komersial., Tea tree oil is an active ingredient that contains terpinen-4-ol which is useful for treating acne due to its antibacterial activity. This study aims to obtain the best formulations of cream and liquid soap, quality stability, antibacterial effectiveness, and estimate the shelf life of the best formulations. This study used percentages of 0.5%, 1.25%, 1.5% tea tree oil from cream preparations, and used percentages of 3%, 4%, 5% fish collagen and 0.5%, 0.7%, 0.9% tea tree oil from liquid soap preparations. The choice of formulation was determined in terms of product analysis and organoleptic parameters using modified weighting and economical aspects. In this study, cream formulations with a percentage of 1.5% tea tree oil (F3) and liquid soap formulations with a percentage of 3% fish collagen and 0.5% tea tree oil (a.x) were chosen because they have advantages in terms of organoleptic parameters and product analysis. The F3 cream formulation has pH value of 7.26, viscosity of 10360 cP, and spreadability of 5.03 cm. Liquid soap formulation a.x has pH value of 7.97 and a free fatty acid of 0.59%. The shelf life of cream products is determined by the critical parameter of spreadability, while for soap products is determined by the critical parameter of free fatty acids. Cream and liquid soap products have antibacterial effectiveness due to diameter of inhibition zone. Both products also obtained a fairly good percentage of general acceptance so that they can be accepted by consumers and are able to compete with commercial products.
Keyword: Efektivitas antibakteri, pendugaan umur simpan, stabilitas mutu, tea tree oil

Judul: Dynamics Model for Rural and Urban Economic Growth
Abstrak: Lewis theory of structural change has focused on mechanisms that allow countries to transform their domestic economic structure to a more modern economy. The proposed model deals with the mechanism of interaction between rural and urban Economic. This model is concerned with the process of labor transfer from rural to urban areas. This study aims to model the dynamics of economic growth in rural and urban areas, including determining the equilibrium solution and to carry out simulation of the model. The simulation results show that the transfer of labor from rural to urban areas will increase the rate of change of capital so that structural changes can be realized. In addition, increased propensity to save in rural areas will also accelerate structural change
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