Judul: Physical avtivity, physical fitness, and academic achievement in normal and overweight elementary school children in Bogor
Abstrak: Sedentary lifestyle in children causes low physical activity and increase incident of overweight and obesity. Obesity is a condition characterized by fat mass increase in certain parts or the whole body (Mahan & Escott-Stump 2004), or excess weight more than 20% of normal weight (Siagian 2004). Physical activity is an integral part of children‟s growth and development. Physical activity is important for physical, psychosocial, and mental development in children. Low physical activity may causes physical fitness decline. Physical fitness among school children is important to support their academic achievement in school. The main objective of this research was to analyze physical activity, physical fitness, and academic achievement in overweight and normal elementary school children. Specifically, it was aimed to: 1) analyze physical activity, physical fitness, and academic achievement in overweight and normal children; 2) analyze nutrient intake and nutritional adequacy in overweight and normal children; 3) analyze the relationship between nutrient intake and nutritional status; and 4) analyze the factors that influence physical fitness and academic achievement in overweight and normal children. This research design was a cross sectional study. This research was conducted in Bogor City from August to October 2013. The population in this study was 5th grade elementary school students in two favorite private elementary schools in Bogor City, which was Bina Insani and Insan Kamil elementary schools. These two elementary schools were selected purposively with consideration they have the same characteristics. Inclusion criteria of school was predominantly upper middle class families. Samples are students who are overweight (include obese) and normal, according to WHO standards. Students categorized as obese if the BMI/age +1 SD < Z ≤ +2 SD, obese BMI/age > +2 SD, and normal if BMI/age -2 SD < Z ≤ +1 SD (Indonesia Ministry of Health 2011).The sample in this research are 108 children, consists of 52 male and 56 female aged 10-11 years old. Data collected includes children characteristics, nutritional status, physical activity level, physical fitness, and academic achievement. Children characteristics consist of age and gender. Children activity level expressed in physical activity level (PAL). PAL obtained by interviewing students about the activities done on school days and holidays. Data on physical activity including the duration and type of the activities. PAL values obtained by multiplying the time allocation of certain types of activity with PAR value (energy expenditure for this kind of activity per unit time). Physical activity values were categorized into three level, those are light (1.40-1.69), moderate (1.70-1.99), and severe (2:00 to 2:40) (FAO/WHO/UNU 2001). Physical fitness was measured by observation with physical fitness test of Indonesia Elementary School Children (Nurhasan & Cholil 2007). Those physical tests were sprint of 40 meters, pull up, sit up, jump up, and 600 meters run. Each test was given score 1-5. Physical fitness was determined by the sum of score of each test. The categories were excellent (22-25 point), good (18-21 point), moderate (14-17 point), less (10-13 point), and poor (5-9). Futhermore, physical fitness was grouped into fit and non fit. The consideration of this classification was physical fitness of children in this research
Keyword: academic achievement, elementary schoolchildren, physical activity, physical fitness

Judul: Asupan Energi, Zat Gizi, Serat dan Aktivitas Fisik Siswa Sekolah Dasar dengan Status Gizi Gemuk dan Normal di Bogor
Abstrak: Prevalensi anak sekolah yang kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas di Indonesia semakin meningkat. Angka nasional tahun 2010 menunjukkan prevalensi kelebihan berat badan sebesar 9,2%, sedangkan di perkotaan Bogor anak sekolah kelebihan berat badan dan obesitas sebesar 22,3%. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi cross sectional yang dilakukan di tiga sekolah dasar pada bulan September dan November 2011. Penelitian ini menggunakan teknik kuesioner dan wawancara. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05) karakteristik keluarga antara sampel normal dan obesitas. Uji Independent Sample T-test menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan bermakna (p>0,05) asupan energi, lemak, karbohidrat, dan serat antara sampel normal dan obesitas. Namun terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada asupan protein antara sampel normal dan obesitas. Hal ini juga menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan (p>0,05) pada lama waktu menonton televisi dan bermain game antara sampel normal dan obesitas. Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05) antara asupan energi, lemak, karbohidrat, dan serat dengan status gizi, namun terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p<0,05) antara asupan protein dengan status gizi. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna (p>0,05) antara lama menonton televisi dan bermain game/komputer dengan status gizi.
Keyword: Intake energy, Nutrients, Fiber, Physical Activity Elementary School Children

Judul: Pembuatan Isoeugenol dari Eugenol Menggunakan Pemanasan Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu penghasil minyak cengkeh terbesar di dunia. Pasokan minyak cengkeh Indonesia ke pasar dunia mencapai 60% kebutuhan dunia. Pada tahun 2000, dari 2,080 ton minyak cengkeh yang dipasarkan, Indonesia memasok 1,317 ton (Deptan, 2005). Di negara-negara industri seperti Amerika Serikat, Perancis, Jerman, Italia, dan Inggris, minyak cengkeh digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk membuat isolat eugenol dan derivatnya seperti isoeugenol dengan nilai tambah yang lebih tinggi. Harga eugenol sebesar Rp 75 000/kg, harga isoeugenol sebesar Rp 95 000/kg (Indesso, 2006) sedangkan harga minyak daun cengkeh Indonesia di pasar Internasional sekitar Rp 25 000/kg (Deptan, 2005). Isoeugenol merupakan senyawa yang banyak digunakan sebagai campuran dalam fragrances dan dalam produk-produk konsumsi harian seperti parfum, produk perawatan kulit, deodoran, sabun, shampo, deterjen serta sebagai bahan intermediet dalam produksi vanilin sintetik. Isoeugenol dihasilkan dari reaksi isomerisasi eugenol. Reaksi isomerisasi eugenol umumnya dilakukan dengan cara mereaksikan eugenol dalam larutan basa KOH atau NaOH pada suhu tinggi selama 5 – 7 jam (Cerveny et al., 1987). Lamanya waktu pemanasan konvensional ini diduga dapat dipersingkat dengan menggunakan pemanasan gelombang mikro. Aplikasi katalis basa yang membutuhkan jumlah yang berlebih dalam reaksi isomerisasi juga dapat digantikan dengan menggunakan katalis RhCl3.3H2O dalam jumlah yang lebih rendah (Chalk, 1977).
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