Judul: Pra Peningkatan Skala Proses Nanoemulsifikasi Minyak Sawit dengan High Pressure Homogenizer
Abstrak: Palm oil is the most widely produced and traded edible oil in the world. Compared to other vegetable oils, palm oil has a superior nutrient content, such as carotenoids, which is contained 400-1000 ppm in crude palm oil. Carotenoids in palm oil has a high bioavalibility as it is present in a free form in the oil matrix. However, carotenoids in palm oil matrix has a low solubility in water so it is difficult to be added in food product. Nanoemulsion system is a solution to increase solubility and bioavailbility of the components. This study observed effect of emulsifiers and pressure on the characteristics and stability of the nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion was subjected to high pressure homogenizer at pressure of 100, 200, and 300 bar. Emulsifier which was used in this study is Tween 80 at a concentration of 20% and 30%. Increased of pressure and emulsifier concentration reduce the output flow rate. The use of Tween 80 with a greater concentration resulted smaller particle size and more stable nanoemulsion, but did not affect the levels of carotenoids. Higher pressure of the homogenizer resulted smaller particle size and lower carotenoid levels.
Keyword: pressure, particle size, nanoemulsion, emulsifier, carotenoids, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Formulasi Nanoemulsi Minyak Sawit dengan High-Pressure Homogenizer
Abstrak: Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. One of the palm oil derivative products is palm oil emulsion as its β-carotene solubility in water is low and easily degraded through processing. The use of nanotechnology in the manufacture of palm oil nano emulsion can improve its solubility in water, its bioavailibility in the digestive tract, and emulsion stability. This study observed the effect of emulsifier Tween 20 and Tween 80 as much as 10% and 30% (w/w) oil base and chitosan 0%, 0.5%, and 1% (w/v) emulsion base to the particle size and stability. The use of Tween 80 provided better particle size and stability of β-carotene than the use of Tween 20. The use of an emulsifier at a concentration of 30% showed a smaller particle size compared with the use of a concentration of 10%. The use of chitosan to 1% can increase the size of the particles and prevent oiling off, but can accelerate the aggregation of the emulsion, compared to 0.5% chitosan use. The selected formula is the use of 30% Tween 80 and 0.5% chitosan.
Keyword: β-carotene, particle size, nanoemulsion, emulsifier, chitosan

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.