Judul: Antioxidant activity of Pluchea indica Less leaves methanolic extract and its fraction and their capacity to inhibit cooked duck meat warmed over flavor
Abstrak: Pluchea indica Less is a herb commonly used as food and traditional medicine. Its leaves have antioxidant activity due to its various phytochemical compounds. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Pluchea leaves to prevent cooked duck meat warmed over flavor (WOF) is still under explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Pluchea leaves and its fraction (ethyl acetate, water, and n-butanol) by using different analysis approaches test systems (2,2-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, ferric reducing power, iron chelating capacity, and -carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay). Furthermore, their application as inhibitor to cooked duck meat WOF has also been conducted. Antioxidant activity of Pluchea leaves was obtained by dividing its leaves into 3 groups, i.e 1-3, 4-6 and >6. The methanolic extract of those groups contained phytochemical compounds, such as tannin, sterol, phenol hydroquinone, and flavonoid. The methanolic extract of 1-6 Pluchea leaves (EMB) had more potential source of DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In addition, this extract was fractionated by various solvents with different polarity, such as ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The result showed that ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) had higher antioxidant activity than EMB and the other fraction, but its activity was lower than methanolic extract of green tea (EMT). The antioxidant activity assay of EMB and FEA was compared to BHT and -tocopherol by using different analysis approaches test systems. It showed that FEA had superoxide radical-scavenging activity, iron chelating capacity and ferric reducing power, while EMB had superoxide radical-scavenging activity, ferric reducing power and -carotene–linoleic acid bleaching assay. FEA at 250 ppm concentration was more effective to prevent the formation of cooked duck meat WOF than FEA at 600 ppm concentration and EMB. This fraction significantly inhibited the oxidation of PUFA (linoleic and arachidonic acids) and the formation of malondialdehide (MDA) and hexanal content. In comparison with FEA, EMB showed less potent antioxidant activity. However, the volatile compounds in EMB extract had an effect in improving sensory properties of duck meat, mainly by increased hedonic-preference scores on acceptance sensory test and also suppressed green and grassy aromatic intensities of duck meat during cooking and storage.
Keyword: Asteraceae

Judul: Antioxidant activity of Pluchea indica Less leaves methanolic extract and its fraction and their capacity to inhibit cooked duck meat warmed over flavor
Abstrak: Pluchea indica Less is a herb commonly used as food and traditional medicine. Its leaves have antioxidant activity due to its various phytochemical compounds. The antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Pluchea leaves to prevent cooked duck meat warmed over flavor (WOF) is still under explored. The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidant activity of methanolic extract of Pluchea leaves and its fraction (ethyl acetate, water, and n-butanol) by using different analysis approaches test systems (2,2-phenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide and hydroxyl radical-scavenging activities, hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, ferric reducing power, iron chelating capacity, and -carotene-linoleic acid bleaching assay). Furthermore, their application as inhibitor to cooked duck meat WOF has also been conducted. Antioxidant activity of Pluchea leaves was obtained by dividing its leaves into 3 groups, i.e 1-3, 4-6 and >6. The methanolic extract of those groups contained phytochemical compounds, such as tannin, sterol, phenol hydroquinone, and flavonoid. The methanolic extract of 1-6 Pluchea leaves (EMB) had more potential source of DPPH free radical scavenging activity. In addition, this extract was fractionated by various solvents with different polarity, such as ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The result showed that ethyl acetate fraction (FEA) had higher antioxidant activity than EMB and the other fraction, but its activity was lower than methanolic extract of green tea (EMT). The antioxidant activity assay of EMB and FEA was compared to BHT and -tocopherol by using different analysis approaches test systems. It showed that FEA had superoxide radical-scavenging activity, iron chelating capacity and ferric reducing power, while EMB had superoxide radical-scavenging activity, ferric reducing power and -carotene–linoleic acid bleaching assay. FEA at 250 ppm concentration was more effective to prevent the formation of cooked duck meat WOF than FEA at 600 ppm concentration and EMB. This fraction significantly inhibited the oxidation of PUFA (linoleic and arachidonic acids) and the formation of malondialdehide (MDA) and hexanal content. In comparison with FEA, EMB showed less potent antioxidant activity. However, the volatile compounds in EMB extract had an effect in improving sensory properties of duck meat, mainly by increased hedonic-preference scores on acceptance sensory test and also suppressed green and grassy aromatic intensities of duck meat during cooking and storage.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.