Judul: Determinants of Indonesia Cooking Oil Prices (Period 2017-2022)
Abstrak: Kelangkaan minyak goreng pada awal tahun 2022 menyebabkan harga minyak goreng menjadi mahal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis distribusi perdagangan dan determinan harga minyak goreng Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis VECM dengan data bulanan 2017-2022. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan harga minyak goreng mengalami kenaikan tajam pada September 2021-April 2022. Kelangkaan minyak goreng disebabkan oleh panic buying, penimbunan, ilegal ekspor, dan gagalnya pemerintah dalam mengontrol distribusi perdagangan minyak goreng. Hasil VECM menunjukkan perubahan harga minyak goreng dalam jangka pendek dipengaruhi oleh harga minyak goreng itu sendiri, harga TBS, harga CPO dunia, produksi CPO, dan ekspor CPO. Sedangkan dalam jangka panjang dipengaruhi oleh harga TBS domestik, harga CPO dunia, produksi CPO domestik, konsumsi CPO domestik, dan ekspor CPO. Hasil IRF dan FEVD menunjukkan bahwa guncangan variabel terhadap perubahan harga minyak goreng Indonesia bervariasi antar periodenya dan memiliki persentase kontribusi yang berbeda, The scarcity of cooking oil at the beginning of 2022 caused the price of cooking oil to become expensive. This study aims to analyze the distribution of trade and the determinants of Indonesian cooking oil prices. The methods used in this study are descriptive analysis and VECM analysis with monthly data for 2017– 2022. The results showed that the price of cooking oil had experienced a sharp increase in September 2021-April 2022. The scarcity of cooking oil was caused by panic buying, hoarding, illegal exports, and the government's failure to control the distribution of cooking oil. The VECM results showed that changes in the price of cooking oil in the short term were influenced by the price of the cooking oil itself, the price of FFB, the world CPO price, CPO production, and CPO exports. Meanwhile, in the long run were affected by domestic FFB prices, world CPO prices, domestic CPO production, domestic CPO consumption, and CPO exports. The results of IRF and FEVD showed that variable shock to changes in Indonesian cooking oil prices varied between periods and had different contribution percentages.
Keyword: Cooking oil, price determinants, trade distribution

Judul: Analisis Volatilitas Harga Minyak Sawit dan Harga Minyak Goreng
Abstrak: Crude palm oil industry has bright prospect in vegetables oil competition. Nowadays crude palm oil is the most produced and consumed.. Indonesia is the biggest crude palm oil exporter contributing 46.2 percent of world’s total supply in 2011. One of palm oil based downstream industry which is important in Indonesia is cooking oil industry. Cooking oil is one of the important nine basic needs for people. Cooking oil consumption tends to increase and this condition has been fullfiled by domestic industry. This because Indonesia has surplus condition in cooking oil. Unfortunately this surplus condition doesnot guarantee low and stable price domestically. The aims of this research are to analyze volatility of crude palm oil price and cooking oil, to analyze effect of crude palm oil export policy to the volatility of palm oil price and cooking oil and to analyze effect of value added tax borne by government to the cooking oil volatility. Data used in this research is secondary data which is daily time series data, period January 2005 to March 2012. Volatility of palm oil price and cooking oil in this research is built on the basis of time series econometric methods called autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity/ generalized autoregressive conditional eteroschedasticity (ARCH GARCH) Analysis results to price volatility of crude palm oil and cooking oil show different pattern. Volatility of crude palm oil is influenced by volatility of two previous periods, meanwhile volatility of cooking oil is influenced by volatility and variance last period. Volatility of cooking oil price is higher than volatility of cooking oil. Analysis results to progressive export tax policy of crude palm oil and value added tax borne by government towards cooking oil industry give different effect to price volatility. Implementation of Export tax policy to crude palm oil leads to constant price volatility of crude palm oil and cooking palm oil price until the end of analysis period, with the result that export tax policy can stabilize crude palm oil price and cooking oil. On the other hand value added tax borne by government towards cooking oil price leads to unstable price volatility of cooking oil until the end of analysis period. It can be concluded that value added tax borne by government cannot stabilize of cooking oil price
Keyword: 

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: