Judul: Studi Degradasi Enzim Bromelin dalam Rumen Ternak Domba
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk rnengetahui apakah enzirn brornelin didegradasi dalarn ternak _rurninansia. Tujuan Iainnya adalah untuk rnengetahui tingkat degradasinya disarnping untuk rnengetahui apakah enzirn brornelin diserap didalarn darah ternak tersebut. Dalarn pelaksanaannya dibagi dua tahap yaitu: Tahap penelitian in-vitro clan tahap penelitian in-vivo. Pacla penelitian in-vitro hanya dilaln1kan uji deskreptif, sedang pada penelitian in-vivo rnenggunakan 12 ekor dornba Jokal jantan dengan bobot badan berkisar 19 - 21 kg, yang dibagi dua yaitu untuk ransurn kontrol (rnengandung rurnput lapang) dan ransurn perlak'Uan ( rnengandung rnahkota nenas ), sehingga rnasing-rnasing 6 ekor sebagai ulangan. Rancangan penelitian in-vivo rnenggunakan Rancangan Fakiorial 2 x 4, dirnana fakior A adalah perlak'Uan ransurn dan fakior B adalah lama fermentasi dengan 4 taraf yaitu 0, 6, 12, dan 18 jam. Hasil penelitian rnenunjukkan degradasi enzirn brornelin terjadi dalani rumen, akan tetapi tingkat degradasinya rnasih perlu ditentukan lebih rnendalarn karena fakior peran serta rnikroorganisrne rumen. Selanjutnya enzirn brornelin tidak diclapatkan didalarn clarah yang berarti enzirn brornelin tidak diserap oleh saluran pencernaan.
Keyword: Enzim Bromelin, Rumen, Domba

Judul: Application of Feed Supplement Nanocalcium-Vitamin D, or Protease Enzymes to Rumen Fermentation Characteristics of Fattening Sheep
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fermentasi rumen pada domba penggemukan dengan suplementasi nanokalsium-vitamin D, enzim bromelin atau enzim papain. Ternak yang digunakan adalah 12 ekor domba ekor tipis dengan bobot badan awal 13,8 ± 1,36 kg. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) yang terdiri atas empat perlakuan yaitu P0 (rumput pakchong 30% + konsentrat 70%) sebagai kontrol, P1 (P0 + nanokalsium-vitamin D 5,06 g kgBB-1 hari-1), P2 (P0 + enzim bromelin 108 mg kgBB-1 hari-1), dan P3 (P0 + enzim papain 108 mg kgBB-1 hari-1). Peubah yang diamati meliputi nilai pH, populasi protozoa, populasi total bakteri, NH3, VFA total, VFA parsial, produksi CH4, kadar kalsium, dan kadar allantoin rumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan nanokalsium-vitamin D, enzim bromelin, dan enzim papain tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai pH, populasi protozoa, populasi total bakteri, konsentrasi NH3, VFA total, VFA parsial, produksi CH4, kadar allantoin, namun berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap peningkatan kadar kalsium dalam rumen. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemberian suplementasi nanokalsium-vitamin D, enzim bromelin, atau enzim papain pada domba tidak mengganggu aktivitas fermentasi di dalam rumen., This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of rumen fermentation in fattening sheep with supplementation of nanocalcium-vitamin D, bromelain enzyme, and papain enzyme. A total of 12 thin-tailed sheep with an initial body weight of 13.8 ± 1.36 kg was used in this study. This study used a Completely Randomized Block (CRBD) consisting of four treatments, namely P0 (pakchong grass 30% + consentrate 70%) as control, P1 (P0 + nanocalcium-vitamin D 5.06 g kgBW-1 day-1), P2 (P0 + bromelain enzyme 108 mg kgBW-1 day-1), and P3 (P0 + papain enzyme 108 mg kgBW-1 day-1). Parameters measured included pH value, protozoa population, total bacteria population, NH3, total VFA, partial VFA, CH4 production, calcium level, and allantoin level in the rumen. The results showed that the treatment of nanocalcium-vitamin D, bromelain enzyme, or papain enzyme had no significant effect (P>0.05) on pH value, protozoa population, total bacteria population, NH3 concentration, total VFA, partial VFA, CH4 production, and allantoin levels. Still, they significantly increased (P<0.05) the rumen calcium levels. Supplementation of nanocalcium-vitamin D, bromelain enzyme, or papain enzyme in sheep does not interfere with fermentation activity in the rumen.
Keyword: bromelin, fermentasi rumen, nanokalsium, papain

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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