Judul: Pemanfaatan Ikan Layang (Decapterus macrosoma) sebagai suplementasi kerupuk ubi jalar
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat daging ikan layang sebagai suplementasi kerupuk ubi jalar, mempelajari keseragaman tekstur, warna dan tingkat kere- nyahan kerupuk, serta mencari konsentrasi penambahan daging ikan layang optimal yang menghasilkan kerupuk yang baik. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola Faktorial dengan dua kali ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah jenis olahan ikan (A) dengan dua taraf, yaitu surimi (A1) dan daging lumat (A2) ikan layang dan perlakuan konsentra- si penambahan ikan (B) yang terdiri dari lima taraf, yaitu 0% (B1), 5% (B2), 10% (B3), 15% (B4) dan 20% (B5). Kerupuk mentah dan goreng dari masing-masing perla- kuan kemudian dianalisis, yang meliputi analisis kimia (kadar air, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar karbohidrat dan TBA), analisis fisik (kekerasan obyektif, derajat pengembangan linear dan densitas kamba), analisis mikrobiologi (TPC) dan uji organoleptik (rupa, homogeni- tas, keadaan permukaan, warna, bau, tekstur, kerenyahan dan rasa). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar protein dan TPC kerupuk mengalami kenaikan seiring dengan peningkatan konsentrasi suplemen, sedangkan kadar karbohidrat semakin menurun. Interaksi perlakuan jenis olahan dan konsentrasi penambahan ikan berbeda nyata terhadap kadar abu dan Aw kerupuk mentah, kadar lemak dan TPC kerupuk mentah maupun goreng, kadar karbohidrat dan TBA kerupuk goreng…dst
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Judul: Diversifikasi Produk Kerupuk Opak dengan Penambahan Daging Ikan Layur (Trichirus sp)
Abstrak: Hasil produksi perikanan Indonesia sekitar 40% dari sejumlah produksi total perikanan dijadikan bahan baku produk olahan. Sekitar 80% dari jumlah produk olahan tersebut berupa iakn asin, ikan kering, ikan asap dan fermentasi, merupakan produk yang dibuat secara tradisional. Ikan layur merupakan salah satu jenis ikan air laut yang ada di Indonesia. Ikan ini belum banyak dimanfaatkan secara optimal sebagai sumber pangan. Upaya peningkatan kesukaan dan pemanfaatan terhadap ikan ini adalah adanya diversifikasi menjadi produk yang digemari salah satunya adalah kerupuk opak. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Konsentrasi daging ikan layur (Trichiurus sp) yang digunakan pada penelitian pendauluan meliputi 0% (kontrol) dan dengan penambahan daging layur (Trichiurus sp) sebesar 6%, 12%. 18%, 24% dan 30%. Hasil dari penelitian pendahuluan panelis lebih menyukai kerupuk opak dengan konsentrasi daging ikan sebesar 6%.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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