Judul: Klasifikasi Sayap Lebah Apis Cerana dan Apis Koschevnikovi Menggunakan Conditional Inference Tree
Abstrak: The wing of a bee is one of its biometric features. The structure of the wing venation pattern is a unique identifier that distinguishes types of bees. Venation structure looks similar so that it is difficult to distinguish by human eyes. The purpose of this study is to determine the key features on the venation pattern of bees and the accuracy of the Conditional Inference Tree method in classifying Apis cerana and Apis koschevnikovi species. In this study 19 branching points on the structure of the wing venation of bees are used as objects of observation. The data contain 89 wings of A. cerana and 239 wings of A. koschevnikovi. Each point on each species has been aligned sequentially by positions. Feature extraction was done by calculating and normalizing the distance between a pair of venation branching points. The feature extraction process produces 171 features. Then the classifier is trained and tested with Conditional Inference Tree method. Key features on the wings of bees are p77 (a pair of points 5 and 16) and p27 (a pair of points 2 and 11). Feature p76 (a pair of points 5 and 15) is an important feature used in the feature extraction stage. This method achieves accuracy of 97.78%
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Conditional Inference Tree., bees wings, classification

Judul: Geometric Morphometric Analysis of Apis  koschevnikovi Bees from Sumatra, Belitung, and Kalimantan Islands
Abstrak: Apis koschevnikovi merupakan salah satu spesies lebah madu yang dapat ditemukan di Indonesia. Apis koschevnikovi dapat ditemukan di Pulau Sumatra, Belitung, Jawa, dan Kalimantan pada ketinggian 0–2700 m dpl. Namun, A. koschevnikovi sulit ditemukan akibat kerusakan hutan. Sayap lebah memiliki venasi dengan sifat heritabilitas yang tinggi sehingga dapat membedakan subspesies lebah. Penelitian terkait morfometrika geometris pada venasi sayap A. koschevnikovi belum dilakukan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis variasi venasi sayap dan hubungan kekerabatan A. koschevnikovi asal Sumatra, Belitung, dan Kalimantan melalui analisis morfometrika geometris. Digitasi pada 19 landmark venasi sayap menggunakan software Thin Plate Spline (TPS) dan analisis kekerabatan berdasarkan metode Neighbor-joining menggunakan R Studio. Landmark 11, 16, dan 17 memiliki nilai kontribusi relatif tertinggi terhadap variasi venasi sayap seluruh sampel. Visualisasi grid deformasi venasi sayap A. koschevnikovi dari Pulau Kalimantan, Belitung, dan Sumatra menunjukkan perbedaan bentuk masing-masing pulau. Analisis menunjukkan A. koschevnikovi Sumatra memiliki bending energy tertinggi yang berasal dari Bungku, Jambi. Analisis PCA menunjukkan pengelompokkan pada individu A. koschevnikovi dari koloni Jambi, Sumatra sedangkan A. koschevnikovi Kalimantan tersebar pada keempat kuadran. Analisis pohon filogeni rooted menghasilkan tiga cluster. Pohon filogeni unrooted menunjukkan kedekatan antara populasi A. koschevnikovi Kalimantan dengan Belitung., Apis koschevnikovi is an Indonesian honey bee species found on Sumatra, Belitung, Java, and Kalimantan. However, A. koschevnikovi is challenging to find due to forest destruction. Bee wings have venation with high heritability so that they can differentiate bee subspecies. Research related to geometric morphometrics on the wing venation of A. koschevnikovi has not been carried out. This study aimed to analyze wing venation variations and kinship among A. koschevnikovi from Sumatra, Belitung, and Kalimantan using geometric morphometrics. Digitization of 19 wing venation landmarks using Thin Plate Spline (TPS) software and kinship analysis based on the Neighbor-joining method using R Studio. Landmarks 11, 16, and 17 are the most influential in varying wing venation across the sample. Visualization of the deformation grid of the A. koschevnikovi wing from Kalimantan, Belitung, and Sumatra shows the different shapes of each island. Analysis shows that A. koschevnikovi Sumatra has the highest bending energy originating from Bungku, Jambi. PCA analysis grouped A. koschevnikovi from Jambi colony, Sumatra, while A. koschevnikovi from Kalimantan spread across all four quadrants. Phylogenetic tree analysis resulted in three clusters, with the unrooted tree highlighting the proximity of Kalimantan and Belitung populations in A. koschevnikovi.
Keyword: Grid deformation, Landmark, Thin Plate Spline, Neighbor-joining, Wing venation

Judul: Pemanasan sekunder plasma menggunakan gelombang mikro untuk reaksi fusi terkontrol
Abstrak: elah diteliti pengaruh pemanasan sekunder pada plasma dengan menggunakan gelombang mikro, yang dijalarkan tegak lurus dengan medan magnetik toroidal dalam tokamak. Didapat nilai numerik daya P =ψψm ≈ 1,305×10-15 W/m3 yang diserap oleh elektron per volume terhadap pemanasan sekunder menggunakan gelombang mikro yang penjalarannya tegak lurus dengan arah medan magnetik toroidal. Nilai yang kecil menunjukkan nilai rerata terhadap banyaknya partikel dalam plasma. Adapun diperolehnya nilai radius rm ≈ 1m yang mendapat nilai serapan terbesar menunjukkan bahwa pada lokasi tersebut terdapat sumbu magnetik, yang sebelumnya diasumsikan berada di pusat lingkaran penampang poloidal tokamak.
Keyword: sumbu magnetik, Gelombang mikro