Judul: N2 fixation and methane oxidation activity of mixed of culture of Azotobacter sp., Azospirillum sp., and Methanotrophic Bacteria
Abstrak: Metanotrophs bacteria are methane oxidizing bacteria. Methanotrophic bacteria especially type II and type X were also able to fix nitrogen using nitrogenase enzyme. This reasearch was conducted to determine activity of methane oxidation and nitrogen fixation of four isolates of methanotropic bacteria i.e. BGM 1, BGM 5, BGM 9, and SKM 14 which were combined with nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp.). Six combinations were cultured and then inoculated into nitrogen free NMS medium. Activity of methane oxidation and nitrogen fixation activity was analysed. The highest methane oxidation activity was found in the mixed culture of BGM 9, BGM 5, Azotobacter sp., and Azospirillum sp. isolates. The activity was 184.5 x 10-8 ìM/cell /day. The highest accumulation of ammonium was found in the mixed culture of BGM 5, BGM 9, and Azotobacter sp. isolates. The concentration of accumulated ammonium was 4.075 ìM. Methane oxidation activity and ammonium accumulation of methanotrophic bacteria showed higher result when they were combined with nitrogen fixing bacteria.
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Judul: Seleksi dan Uji Aktivitas Fiksasi Nitrogen (N2) Bakteri Metanotrof Asal Sawah pada Konsentrasi Oksigen (O2) Berbeda.
Abstrak: Methanotrophic bacteria is methane oxydizing bacteria. This bacteria has a specific enzyme known as methane monooksigenase (MMO) catalizing reaction of CH4 and O2 to methanol. Methanotrophic bacteria also have ability to fix nitrogen. Methanotrophic bacteria type II and type X could fix nitrogen using nitrogenase enzyme. This enzyme is very sensitive to oxygen. As many as 19 isolates of methanotrophic bacteria was recultured and determined their nitrogen fixation activity at different oxygen concentration. Nitrogen fixation activity was determined by measuring ammonium accumulation in NMS free nitrogen medium. High ammonium accumulation was found at cultures of BGM 1, BGM 3, BGM 5, dan BGM 9 isolates. The highest ammonium accumulation (88,816 <M) was showed by BGM 9 isolate on 30% oxygen concentration and the highest cell density was showed by BGM 5 isolate (OD 0,103) on 80% oxygen concentration.
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Judul: Truncated Stop Loss as a Optimal Solution of Reinsurance Agreement in One-Period Model
Abstrak: Reinsurance is one of risk management efforts of an insurance company, which is called the cedent. Similar with insurance, reinsurance constitutes the cedent to pay the premium. We consider one-period reinsurance model and derive a rule which minimizes the ruin probability of the cedent for a fixed reinsurance premium. Therefore, it is needed to construct an optimal reinsurance agreement for the cedent. The premium is calculated according to four different principles, i.e. economic, generalized zero-utility, Esscher, and mean-variance principles. Stop loss is a reinsurance contract which protect the insurance company for losses that exceed a certain amount. The result of this research shows that a truncated stop loss is an optimal agreement in the class of all reinsurance contracts with various premiums calculated using above mentioned principles.
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