Judul: Pengembangan lini proses pengolahan margarin krim skala pabrik
Abstrak: Margarine is water in oil emulsions where fat is continuous throughout the matrix and may consist of up to 80% fat. Margarine with a fat content lower than 80% is called reduced fat margarine or cream margarine refer to SNI. Cream margarine is margarine that consists of 62-78% fat. This margarine is predicted will gain popularity because it will gives an opportunity to reduced calorie intake but still maintaining good taste. Based on formulation composition cream margarine (fat content < 80%) has higher water content and more vulnerable to water separation if not processed correctly. This research aim to optimize parameter process of cream margarin by controlling cooling temperature in A unit and C unit rotation in margarine processing unit (MPU), to determine minimum throughput of margarine processing unit (MPU), product characterization by conducted chemical and physical analysis and to study effect of direct transport and product’s position in the truck to cream margarine hardness value during storage. The result showed that the optimum process parameter is SP 6 (AAACAC - 33°C; 21°C; 17°C; 300 rpm; 18°C; 30 rpm which gives expected hardness value. SP 6 gives hardness value more than 60 gr/cm2 in day 2 tempering. Minimum throughput of margarine processing unit that can achieve 60 g/cm2 in day 2 tempering is 3000 kg/hour. Product characterization showed that melting point of cream margarin 36.8°C, water content 28%, salt content 2.2%, pH is 4, droplet size 3.4 – 4.1μm and solid fat content in 20°C, 30°C, 35°C dan 40°C respectively are 20%, 11%, 7% and 3%. Product with that experienced direct transportation had give lower hardness value during storage and product’s position in the truck also gives significant impact to hardness value especially for between product that put in middle in top position and front in lower front position. (Post Hoc test), Margarin merupakan emulsi air di dalam minyak yang mengandung lemak sampai dengan 80%. Margarin dengan kandungan lemak yang lebih rendah dari 80% dikenal dengan istilah reduced-fat margarine atau dalam SNI disebut dengan margarin krim yaitu margarin dengan kandungan lemak 62-78%. Krim margarin diperkirakan akan populer di kalangan konsumen dikarenakan margarin tersebut menawarkan rasa yang sama dengan margarin biasa tetapi dengan asupan kalori yang lebih rendah. Berdasarkan komposisi formulasinya, margarin krim memiliki kadar air yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan margarin meja sehingga rentan terhadap pemisahan air jika tidak diolah dengan menggunakan parameter proses yang sesuai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan optimasi proses parameter produksi margarin krim melalui pengaturan terhadap suhu pendinginan A unit A dan putaran C unit C pada mesin pengolah margarin (MPU), menentukan laju alir minimum (kg/jam) mesin pengolah margarin (MPU), melakukan karakterisasi margarin krim dengan melakukan analisa sifat fisik kimia dan melihat pengaruh transportasi langsung setelah produksi serta posisi di dalam truk terhadap stabilitas nilai kekerasan margarin krim selama penyimpanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter proses SP 6 (AAACAC - 33°C; 21°C; 17°C; 300 rpm; 18°C; 30 rpm) merupakan parameter proses yang paling optimum dengan nilai awal kekerasan margarin yang tertinggi. Parameter proses ini menghasilkan margarin krim dengan nilai kekerasan mencapai diatas 60 gr/cm2 pada hari kedua tempering.
Keyword: margarine, margarine processing unit, MPU, A unit, C

Judul: Analisis Loss dan Optimasi Proses Rework Margarin di PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk., Cikarang
Abstrak: Margarine is an emulsion with water in oil (W/O) emulsion type. General provisions of margarine are containing not less than 80% of fat, water, emulsifiers, salt, preservatives, dyes, fragrances (within safe limits) as well as vitamins. During this time, loss of both MPU loss in process or give away were occurred. Moreover, after the production once every two weeks or if there is accumulation of products on production line, clean in place (CIP) process would conducted. Rinse water after CIP can be used rework as raw material of margarine for the next batch. The aims of this research is to identify the loss on each filling machine, to calculate the amount of water added based on the mass balance that will be used to test, evaluate the quality of the product after the trial based on the product moisture content in accordance with the provisions of SNI, and to set the amount of water added by evaluation after the trial. The highest total loss occurred in MPU 4 and the rinse water after CIP that can be used for the formulation is 280 kg to produce the margarine products corresponding with the provisions of SNI.
Keyword: rework., margarine, loss, clean in place

Judul: Ecosystem and community based model for zonation in Nino Konis Santana National Park, Timor-Leste
Abstrak: Nino Konis Santana National Park is the first national park that was declared by Timor-Leste Government on August 2008. Aims is to i) Protect and conserve nationally and globally important natural and cultural values, ii) Contribute to the achievement of sustainable livelihoods for local communities, iii) Establish the first protected area in Timor-Leste’s world-class protected area system, iv) Increase awareness of conservation and the sustainable management of biodiversity and natural resources, v) Ensure the active participation of and foster ownership by the communities in the protected area, and vi) Manage the NKSNP as an internationally recognized protected area where the traditional interactions of people and nature are maintained in a way that protects the environment.
Keyword: