Judul: Identification of Orange-spotted Grouper (Epinephelus  coioides) with DNA Isolation Methods in The Cytochrome B Gene DNA Mini  Barcode Technique
Abstrak: Kasus mislabeling kerap terjadi pada produk perikanan. Keragaman spesies dan kemiripan morfologi yang cukup tinggi pada kerapu merupakan suatu tantangan yang dihadapi dalam identifikasi spesies. Autentikasi spesies berbasis DNA dapat digunakan untuk mencegah terjadinya kasus mislabeling. Beberapa penelitian menyatakan adanya ambiguitas dalam penggunaan gen COI untuk analisis taksonomi kerapu Epinephelus. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh primer spesifik PCR dengan gen target cytochrome B, dan menentukan kondisi amplifikasi optimum untuk aplikasi pada spesies-spesifik kerapu lumpur (E. coioides). Tahapan penelitian dilakukan dengan pembuatan primer forward dan reverse E. coioides, preparasi sampel, isolasi DNA dengan kit, uji konsentrasi dan kemurnian hasil, elektroforesis hasil isolat DNA, amplifikasi DNA, dan visualisasi hasil amplifikasi. Pasangan primer spesifik E. coioides dengan marka gen cytochrome B berhasil diperoleh. Optimasi suhu annealing pada primer hasil rancangan dilakukan dengan tiga suhu yang berbeda dan telah berhasil diperoleh suhu annealing optimal pada suhu 65°C., Cases of mislabeling occur in fishery products frequently. The high diversity of species and morphological similarity in grouper is a challenge in species identification. Species authentication based on DNA can be used to prevent cases of mislabeling. Several studies have shown ambiguity in the use of the COI gene for the taxonomic analysis of Epinephelus grouper. This study aims to obtain primer-specific PCR with cytochrome B target genes, and determine the optimum amplification conditions for species-spesific application of Orange-spotted grouper (E. coioides). The phases of the research were carried out by making forward and reverse E. coioides primers, sample preparation, DNA isolation using kit, testing the concentration and purity, electrophoresis of the isolated DNA results, DNA amplification, and electrophoresis of the amplification results. Specific primer pairs for E. coioides with cytochrome B gene markers were obtained. Optimization of the annealing temperature on the designed primer was carried out at three different temperatures and was obtained optimally at 65°C.
Keyword: DNA barcoding, Epinephelus coioides, PCR, Primer

Judul: Molecular Marker Gen Cytochrome B to Detect Species in Processed Fish Products
Abstrak: DNA barcoding dengan penanda genetik cytochrome b (cyt b) serta autentifikasi berbasis PCR digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi produk olahan perikanan serta keaslian bahan baku sehingga dapat mengurangi permasalahan keamanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan melihat ketertelusuran produk olahan perikanan. Sampel berjumlah 25 terdiri dari fillet ikan beku, asin, dan produk olahan perikanan yang diisolasi serta gen diperbanyak dengan primer universal. Isolat DNA memiliki konsentrasi 1,1-3.786,96 ng/μL dengan kemurnian 0,4-2,08. Primer universal berhasil mengamplifikasi gen cyt b sebanyak 22 dari 25 produk perikanan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan sampel terdeteksi sebagai Salmo salar, Lates calcarifer, Thunnus albacares. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan; Mislabelling untuk spesies Pangasianodon sp. yang dipasarkan sebagai produk fillet ikan dori dan kemudian Psettodes erumei yang dipasarkan sebagai ikan kerapu; serta dalam sampel terdeteksi juga ikan yang terancam punah yaitu spesies Carcharhinus falciformis, Sphyrna mokarran dan Himantura chaophraya., PCR-based DNA barcoding with genetic marker cytochrome b (cyt b) can be used to identify species in processed products as well as the authenticity of raw materials. This study aims to detect and see the traceability of fishery processed products. Twenty-five samples consisting of frozen fish fillets, salted fish fillets, and processed fishery product were isolated and their gene was amplified using universal primer. The DNA isolates had a concentration of 1.1-3,786.96 ng/μl, with a purity of 0.4-2.08. The universal primer was successfully amplified the cyt b gene in 22 out of 25 fish products. Analysis showed samples detected as Salmo salar, Lates calcarifer, Thunnus albacares. The results showed; Mislabelling for Pangasionodon sp. species which is marketed as a Dori fish fillet product and then Psettodes erumei which is marketed as Grouper fish fillet; And in the sample detected also endangered fish namely the species Carcharhinus falciformis, Sphyrna mokarran, and Himantura chaophraya.
Keyword: Cytochrome b, DNA barcoding, fishery products, PCR.

Judul: Natrium lignosulfonat sebagai agen pendispersi pada mortar
Abstrak: Lignosulphonate, a modification product of lignin waste from pulp and paper industry can be used as water reducer in mortar mixture. This substance can influence the mechanical characteristic of mortar such as diameter of flow, flexural strength, compressive strength, and setting time of cement paste. Lignosulphonate shows it function as dispersant on cement hydration at 3 days that analyzed with x-ray difractometer. Research result show that flow of fresh mortar rise with increase concentration (from weight of cement) of synthetic sodium lignosulphonate (NaLS). It show that mortar homogenity also increasing. The result of flexural strength and compressive strength test use synthetic NaLS 0.1-0.3% from weight of cement show that addition synthetic NaLS 0.2% is the best result because it has the biggest of flexural strenght and compressive strength value. Initial setting time of cement paste increase, about 50% with addition of synthetic NaLS 0.2%. Whereas the final setting time decrease, about 8%. Cement hydration test show increase hydration product peak, Ca(OH)2 dan calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H).
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