Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Pendapatan PKL Makanan dan Implikasi Kebijakan Penanganan PKL di Kota Bogor.
Abstrak: Migration causes the increasing of population in urban area. Bogor as a satellite city beside Depok, Tangerang and Bekasi has a population amounted 950 334 people. Problem appears because of the migrants are unemployed and poor. Unemployment is a condition of unability a job field to absrop employment. Eventhough poverty is a consequence of unemployment,person who don’t work in formal sector, have a possibility to work in informal sector or create a new job. The object of this research is street vendor which is an example of informal sector. Until 2010, population of street vendor in Bogor reach 10 522 people. This research elaborates factors that affect income and policy implication to handle street vendors. This research used primary data from 51 responden. The results are factors that affect income such as capital, education, hour of work per day, experience, toll, training and location. Policy recommendations to handle street vendorsare legalization location, training, capital injection and reduce toll payment.
Keyword: 

Judul: Characteristic and problems of street vendors, management and empowerment strategy in relationship with regional economic development in Bogor city
Abstrak: Bogor mengalami permasalahan pengelolaan kota dengan meningkatnya PKL. Pertumbuhan PKL di kota Bogor semakin nampak ketika krisis ekonomi terjadi di Indonesia. Terdapat dualisme pandangan mengenai keberadaan PKL yaitu positif dan negatif. Di sisi positif, PKL menyediakan peluang kerja bagi penduduk yang tidak terserap sektor formal dengan meningkatnya pengangguran dan pada saat yang sama menyediakan barang dan jasa dengan harga yang terjangkau bagi warga miskin kota. Di sisi negatif, PKL sering menyebabkan kemacetan, merusak wajah kota, kejahatan dan ketidaknyamanan sosial lainnya. Dua sisi keberadaan PKL ini menimbulkan pertanyaan mengenai kemampuan PKL sebagai mata pencaharian alternatif penduduk miskin kota dan bagaimana pemerintah kota Bogor menghadapi tantangan ini untuk permbangunan perkotaan. Dengan demikian tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : (1) Menganalisis karakteristik umum dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pendapatan PKL, (2) Menganalisis sejauh mana kontribusi PKL dalam pembangunan ekonomi wilayah di kota Bogor, (3) Mengidentifikasi sejauh mana keberhasilan dari kebijakan pemerintah Kota Bogor dalam menata dan memberdayakan PKL dan (4) Merumuskan strategi penataan dan pemberdayaan PKL.
Keyword: 

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: