Judul: The effect of honeybee-coffee plantation integration on improving honey productivity of Apis cerana
Abstrak: A study of integrated farming system of honey bee–coffee plantation was conducted in Kepahiang, the Province of Bengkulu. The objective of the study was to evaluate the implementation of Apis cerana being managed in coffee plantation following integrated farming process to increase honeybee and coffee productivity. Location representing two different systems consisted of integrated and non integrated honeybee-coffee plantation were purposively chosen for the study using Apis cerana as major material in this study. Ten stups of honeybee were located in each system. In the integrated system, the stups set to be placed in different position, five stups were placed concerntratedly in the middle of coffee plantation and other five stups were placed spreadly around the platation with the distance between stup was approximately 100-200 meter. The number of honeybees of each stup were approximately 13000 bees. Data collected were analized to measure the production of nectar and honey in the two systems, and then used to formulate a sustainable model of integrated honeybee-coffee plantation. The results of the study indicated that the honey production of A. cerana at coffee plantation were significantly higher (P<0,01) by 114% than those which were off the plantation. Similarly, the coffee production honeybee-coffee plantation was significantly higher by 10.55 % (P<0,01) than those off the plantation. The honeybee colonies which were spreadly placed in coffee plantation significantly produced honey higher (P<0,01) than those in the center. Based on SWOT and sustainability analyses, the integrated honeybee-coffee plantation system was recommended to improve both honeybee and coffee production with a significantly high sustainability index.
Keyword: Apis cerana, Bengkulu, A. mellifera, A. dorsata, A. florea, Indian honey bee

Judul: The Activity of Apis cerana Honey Bee and the Potencial of Food Resources at Surouding Hive Area in Mekarjaya, Pandeglang
Abstrak: Informasi mengenai aktivitas mencari pakan (foraging) dan jenis tanaman sumber pakan penting untuk usaha peningkatan produktivitas lebah madu Apis cerana. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis: (1) pola aktivitas harian lebah A.cerana yang dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan, dan (2) keanekaragaman tanaman sumber polen di sekitar sarang lebah di Desa Mekarjaya, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Banten. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua koloni A. cerana yaitu koloni satu dan koloni dua dengan ukuran koloni yang sama. Perilaku yang diamati yaitu lebah keluar sarang, masuk membawa polen, dan masuk tanpapolen. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan puncak aktivitas foraging koloni satupada pukul 07.40-08.50 WIB sedangkan koloni dua menunjukan aktivitas foraging yang rendah. Koloni dua melakukan absconding yang terjadi pukul 14.35- 16.30.Rendahnya aktivitas foraging pada koloni dua merupakan sinyal bahwa lebah akan melakukan absconding atau bermigrasi meninggalkan sarang. Hasil analisis vegetasi menunjukkan bahwa tanaman di sekitar sarang merupakan tanaman penghasil polen, nektar, atau polen dan nektar, didominasi oleh Cocos nucifera yang berpotensis menghasilkan polen dan nektar. Indeks keanekaragaman spesies tumbuhan menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman tanaman di area tersebut dikategorikan stabil. Hasil analisis jumlah spesies menunjukan bahwa jumlahspesies bernilai mendekati satu, sehingga dikategorikan jumlahnya relatif sama dalam berbagai tegakan., The information on honey bee foraging activities and food sources are important to increase the productivity of Apis cerana. This study aimed to analyze: (1) the daily activity pattern of A. cerana bees that is affected by environmental factors and (2) the diversity of pollen source plants around the beehive at Mekarjaya Village, Pandeglang Regency, Banten. This study used two colonies of A. cerana. The observed behaviors were bees leaving the hive, entering carrying pollen, and entering without pollen. This result showed that the peak of foraging activity in colony one occurs at 07.40-08.50. Colony two showed a low foraging activity that is a signal of the absconding bees or bee migrated. The correlation values between environmental factors: temperature, humidity, and light intensity compared to the honey bee activity was range from 0 to 1. The results of the vegetation analysis showed that the plants around the hive were plants that produce pollen, nectar, or pollen and nectar and the dominant was Cocos nucifera. The plant species diversity index showed that the diversity of plants in the area was categorized as stable. The results of species number analysis were close to one, thus the numbers were categorized as relatively the same in the various stands.
Keyword: Apis cerana, absconding, foraging, nectar source, pollen

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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