Judul: Morphological Profile and Bioactive Compounds of  Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus) with the Application of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia  illucens) Maggot Biocontrol Fertilizer
Abstrak: Maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) sebagai agen biokonversi limbah organik mampu menghasilkan bahan stabil, seperti kompos. Serai dapur merupakan tanaman rempah yang diketahui memiliki banyak manfaat terhadap kesehatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh aplikasi kompos hasil biokonversi maggot BSF terhadap profil senyawa bioaktif ekstrak etanol tanaman serai dapur. Metode penanaman serai dapur dilakukan di lahan pertanian Desa Sindangjaya yang disusun berdasarkan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan faktor tunggal. Pengaplikasian pupuk kompos hasil biokonversi maggot BSF pada media tanam serai dapur berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman (usia 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 MST) dan bobot basah (batang, daun, akar, dan total rumpun). Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan metode maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% yang selanjutnya diidentifikasi menggunakan instrumen LC-MS/MS. Perbedaan perlakuan aplikasi pupuk memengaruhi komposisi senyawa bioaktif tanaman ini. Secara keseluruhan teridentifikasi sebanyak 48 senyawa yang berhasil teridentifikasi dan pada masing-masing variabel sejumlah 37 senyawa (P1), 30 senyawa (P2), dan 35 senyawa (P3). Senyawa termasuk golongan asam amino, terpenoid, alkaloid, kuinolin, karbohidrat, metoksifenol, benzodioxole, difenilmetana, steroid, dan senyawa golongan lain., Maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) as a bioconversion agent of organic waste is able to produce stable materials, such as compost. Lemongrass is a spice plant that known to have many health benefits. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of BSF maggot bioconverted compost on the profile of bioactive compounds in ethanol extract of lemongrass plants. Lemongrass cultivation method is carried out on the agricultural land of Sindangjaya Village which is prepared based on the randomized complete group design with a single factor. The application of BSF maggot bioconverted compost to the growth medium in lemongrass significantly affected the growth of plant height (age 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 WAP) and wet weight (stems, leaves, roots, and total clumps). Extraction was performed by maceration method using 96% ethanol solvent which further identified using the LC-MS/MS instruments. Overall, 48 compounds were identified and in each variable there are 37 compounds (P1), 30 compounds (P2), and 35 compounds (P3). Compounds are including to the groups of amino acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, quinolines, carbohydrates, methoxyphenol, benzodioxole, diphenylmethane, steroids, and other group compounds.
Keyword: BSF, maggot, profil senyawa, pupuk kompos, serai dapur

Judul: Influence of Various Organic Wastes on Growth Performance and Nutrient Composition of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens): A Meta-analysis
Abstrak: Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens) atau maggot merupakan serangga yang berpotensi sebagai sumber pakan protein. Pertumbuhan dan komposisi nutrien maggot bergantung dengan substrat pertumbuhannya. Umumnya, substrat adalah limbah-limbah organik karena ketersediaannya yang melimpah dan murah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pemanfaatan berbagai limbah sebagai substrat pertumbuhan maggot terhadap performa tumbuh dan kandungan nutrien pada maggot secara meta-analisis. Tahapan pertama pada metodei, database disusun dengan mengintegrasikan 47 studi dari 13 artikel jurnal yang telah dipublikasi. Artikel-artikel tersebut didapatkan dari beberapa database elektronik yaitu Science Direct dan Google Scholar. Substrat-substrat organik kemudian dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu, limbah makanan, pakan, feses, dan yang lainnya (substrat-substrat yang tidak termasuk pada 3 kelompok sebelumnya). Kelompok-kelompok substrat tersebut kemudian dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA dengan uji lanjut Duncan jika terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa substrat limbah makanan dan pakan memiliki persentase indeks reduksi limbah dan tingkat konversi limbah yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok substrat feses dan lainnya (P<0.05). Kelompok substrat pakan menunjukan nilai jumlah panen yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan substrat limbah makanan (P<0.05). Disamping itu, kandungan nutrien bahan kering, abu, protein kasar dan lemak kasar maggot tidak dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh variasi kelompok substrat yang digunakan. Sehinggga dapat disimpulkan, komposisi nutrien substrat mempengaruhi kecepatan performa tumbuh dan bobot panen maggot namun tidak mempengaruhi komposisi nutrien maggot., Black soldier fly (BSF) larvae (Hermetia illucens) is a potential protein source in animal feed. The development and nutrient composition of maggot depend on its substrate. Generally, substrates are organic wastes because of their abundant and inexpensive availability. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of various organic wastes as substrates on growth performance and nutrient composition of maggot across various studies by employing a meta-analysis method. The first of method, a database was developed by integrating data from 47 studies that derived from 13 articles. The articles were derived from several electronic databases such as Science Direct and Google Scholar. Organic substrates were categorized into four groups, i.e., food waste, animal feed, faeces, and other substrates (those which could not be included into the previous three groups). These groups were statistically analyzed by using analysis of variance and continued with the Duncan multiple range test to compare among different group means. The results showed that food waste and animal feed substrates had higher percentage of waste reduction index and conversion rate as compared to those of faeces and other substrates (P<0.05). Animal feed substrate had higher prepupal yield mass of maggot than that of food waste substrate (P<0.05). In regard to nutrient composition of the maggot, dry matter, ash, crude protein, and ether extract composition of the insect species were not influenced by the different substrates and revealed relatively similar values. In conclusion, a more nutritious substrate leads to a faster growth and a higher mass yield of maggot, but it does not alter nutrient composition of the insect.
Keyword: black soldier fly, bio-conversion, feed, organic by-product

Judul: Asymptotic Distribution of Estimator for the Intensity Function of a Doubly Periodic Poisson Process
Abstrak: In this manuscript, estimation of the intensity function of a doubly periodic Poisson process is discussed. It is assumed that only a single realization of the Poisson process is observed in a bounded window [0,n]. It is also assumed that the period of the intensity function is known. The rate of consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are formulated. Finally, a confidence interval for the local intensity function is also formulated.
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