Judul: Providing sustainable forage feed throught arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi inoculation and rock phosphat aplication on arachis pintoi cv Amarillo in intercropping with Zea mays L or Sorghum bicolor L.
Abstrak: Forage is the main feed of ruminant animal in the tropics. Generally, the development of forage only utilize marginal lands which are characterized by scarcity of food nutrients P and acid pH. Therefore, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) is very possible to be applied. The purpose of this study was to obtain indigenous rizosfir AMF diversity of A. pintoi cv Amarillo under coconut stands, get the indigenous rizosfir isolates, identify the type of polyphenol secondary metabolites in A. pintoi, determine whether both leaves and root secondary metabolites of A. pintoi acts as either antioxidant or cytotoxic, and get an ideal intercropping of AMF inoculated A. pintoi and natural phosphate application on corn and sorghum as an effort to provide sustainable feed. The research was conducted in several stages, consists of 1) spores exploration of A. pintoi AMF rizosfir under coconuts in Coconut Research Center and Other Palma (Pacioni method 1992), followed by centrifugation technique method (Brundrett et al. 1996); 2) Analysis of phytochemical and flavonoid content of A. pintoi extract (Harborne 2006); 3) Analysis of antioxidants with 1.1 diphenyl-2- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) test based on Hanani et al. (2005); 4) Analysis cytotoxicity based on brine shrimp lethality test method (BSLT) using shrimp larvae of Artemia salina Leach as the test animals (McLaughlin et al. 1998); 5) test animals the AMF isolates were inoculated into the A. pintoi and the addition of NP fertilizer on maize and sorghum intercropping. The results obtained from the isolation and identification of the A. pintoi AMF rizosfir spores under coconut stands, consists of Acaulospora-sp, Glomus-sp Gigaspora-sp and Sclorystis-sp. Analysis of antioxidant with the 1.1 diphenyl-2- pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) test, found the secondary metabolites of the phenolic groups were flavonoids, tannins, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The quinone was not found in extracts of A. pintoi. The antioxidant obtained were higher in the leaves than the roots respectively: IC50 135.86 μg/ml, 124.24 μg/ml. In cytotoxicity test, the LC50 values obtained at the root and the leaves successively 300.32 μg /ml, 413.99 μg/ml. The AMF inoculation on A. pintoi and application of natural phosphate on maize and sorghum intercropping provide results of maize and sorghum yields (plant height, number and width of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight) were higher than without A. pintoi. AMF inoculation and the presence of natural phosphate application generates a higher growth and production of maize and sorghum. The interaction among intercropping and phosphate, intercropping and inoculation, phosphate and inoculation, and of intercropping, phosphate and inoculation would enhance the growth and production of maize and sorghum for the provision of sustainable forage.
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Judul: Inokulasi fungi mikoriza arbuskula untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan mutu benih cabai (Capsicum annuum L.) serta efisiensi penggunaan pupuk P
Abstrak: Pepper production has not been achieving optimal results although demands are increasing. The low production of pepper is partly because the use of seed that has not qualified in quantity and quality. Besides that, pepper is cultivated on the marginal soil such as Ultisol. Nutrient availability, such as P, within the marginal soil is very limited whereas there is high fixations of P. Phosporus provide the important role to increase the quality and production of the seeds. One of the efforts to boost the availability and to make the using of P efficient is inoculating Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungus (AMF). This research is aimed to isolate indigenous AMF from hot pepper plant rhizosphere, effective AMF selection, and to examine AMF effectiveness in enhancing production and quality of pepper seeds while the use of fertilizer whether or not efficient was then observed. Research conducted contains of four experiments which each experiment links to another. Those are: [1] Isolation, characterization and purification of AMF for three places of hot pepper plantation; [2] Selection of AMF effective in increasing the growth of hot pepper; [3] Examination of AMF effectiveness in boosting up the production and quality of pepper seeds and using efficiency of P fertilizer, [4] Plant response to inoculation inoculum of indigenous mixed AMF and AMF Mycofer. The experiment was conducted in the laboratory and greenhouse Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry IPB, Forests and Environmental Biotech Laboratory, Research Centre for Biological Resources and Biotechnology IPB, and the PPPPTK Pertanian greenhouse. The soil samples were observed coming from the three planting sites rhizosphere hot pepper. Selections are made to the effective AMF isolates from single spore culture results and AMF Mycofer from laboratory Biotech Forest and Environment, Research Centre for Biological Resources and Biotechnology IPB. Testing the effectiveness of using the design plots are divided (split-split plot) in a Randomized design pattern, with three factors and three replications. The main plot is hot pepper cultivar: Laris type from Panah Merah and Tegar from Surabumi. The sub plot is the inoculant arbuscular mycorrhizae which are uninoculated and inoculated of Mycofer AMF 100 spores per seedling. The sub-sub plot are some level of P205 dose: without fertilizer P and with 100 kg/ha of P2O5, 125 kg/ha P2O5, 150 kg P2O5. Experiment of plant response to inoculation of indigenous mixed AMF and Mycfer AMF was arranged in split plot design, the main plot: hot pepper cultivar. The sub plot is the inoculant arbuscular mycorrhiza: uninoculated, inoculated of Mycofer AMF 100 spores per seedling, and inoculated of indigenous mixed AMF. The results showed that the pepper rhizosphere is found in three genus nine species spores i.e. two species of Glomus, three species of Gigaspora and four species of Acaulospora. Based on a single spore culture, it was found that only three species that can grow and develop properly; one species of Glomus spores (Glomus sp-1), one species of Gigaspora (Gigaspora sp-1) and one species of Acaulospora (Acaulospora sp-3). The three species of these spores are propagated for experimental material II. In AMF effective selection, spores of Mycofer showed better results than
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Judul: Frekuensi Orang Kidal Usia 6-21 Tahun di Setu Babakan, DKI Jakarta.
Abstrak: Handedness didefinisikan sebagai preferensi seseorang dalam penggunaan salah satu tangan, baik kanan maupun kiri, secara lebih dominan untuk melakukan berbagai kegiatan sehari-hari dengan lebih tepat. Handedness dipengaruhi oleh faktor genetik, perkembangan, dan budaya. Orang dengan preferensi tangan kiri biasa disebut dengan kidal. Frekuensi orang kidal selalu lebih rendah dibandingkan orang yang tidak kidal. Terdapat sekitar 10% dari total populasi di dunia yang kidal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari handedness serta menentukan frekuensi orang kidal di Setu Babakan, DKI Jakarta dengan survei kuesioner. Subjek penelitian ini merupakan pria dan wanita yang tinggal di Setu Babakan, DKI Jakarta dengan rentang usia 6-21 tahun. Frekuensi orang kidal di Setu Babakan adalah 4.1%. Frekuensi orang kidal lebih tinggi ditemukan pada pria dibandingkan dengan wanita. Frekuensi orang kidal cenderung menurun pada kelompok usia yang lebih tua. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan tekanan budaya, sosial, dan lingkungan yang memengaruhi handedness.
Keyword: betawi, handedness, kidal