Judul: Evaluasi Kesesuaian Lahan untuk Pendugaan Debit Mata Air Menggunakan Metode Inferensia Fuzzy Sugeno
Abstrak: Water is one of the human needs in addition to clothing, food, and housing. However, many springs are not properly maintained causing various diseases in humans. Another problem is the loss of spring water sources due to improper handling of human or natural disasters. Therefore a research is needed to help people identify the source of good quality water springs, in this case good quality of water springs discharge rate. The research aims to calculate the spring discharge based on the number of plants, groundwater level, and topography angle by using the Sugeno fuzzy inference method. To verify the analysis and its results, an application using the application software APMA-Fuzzy has been developed. The data used for this research were obtained from field survey data from Balumbangjaya and Situgede villages. Further, Sugeno fuzzy membership function analysis is done by using gathered field survey data, while the rules that apply uses the expertise of a water spring expert. The concept of the rule is that the greater the input value, the greater the value of its output. Advanced analysis is carried out to determine the accuracy and reliability of Sugeno fuzzy method used in the application. The results were that each data from the thirteen field survey data has an accuracy of more than 50%, while the average accuracy was 77.53%. Thus, applications developed in this research is feasible and the rules that are used are also proved to be correct
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Judul: Pendugaan Neraca Air Menggunakan Aplikasi Tank Model dan Laju Sedimen dengan Metode MUSLE di Sub DAS Melamon Kabupaten Malang
Abstrak: Brantas Watershed is important in fulfilling the requirement for water and energy in East Java Province. The management of Brantas Watershed has been less optimum. Therefore, a model is required to help portray the distribution of water flow and the movement of sediment in a particular watershed. Such application like the Tank Model which is based on River Flow Observation Station is deemed to have the ability to predict the river flow both horizontally and vertically as well as with the ability to determine the pace of sediment in particular areas by utilizing method Modified Universal Soil Loss Equation (MUSLE). The objectives of this research are to assess water balance both vertically and horizontally in the study area by utilizing Tank Model using SPAS data as baseline, and to acquire the exact rate of sediment with the method of MUSLE by using runoff coefficient for optimization result of Tank Model. The research was conducted at SPAS Jedong, Sub Watershed Melamon, Brantas Watershed in the upstream, Sub-District Wagir, Malang Regency. The total of research area the site was 886,785 ha, located between 7°57’46’’ Lalitude – 7°59’39” Lalitude and 112°30’22” Longitude – 112°34’36” Longitude, with sloping and mountainous topography at altitude between 542 m a.s.l – 1.681 m a.s.l. According to the geology’s formation, the research area comprised of young volcanic rocks and ashes with soft structure as well as sandstone. The typical of soil was dominated with andosol (64%) and kambisol (36%). The climates’s classification follow Oldeman, classification C3 and B3 (Source: Monitoring and Evaluat on of BPDAS Brantas 2010). Data processing was carried out the Laboratory of Hydrology of Forest and Watershed, Department of Forestry Management, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. Based on the Tank Model, the obtained coefficient of correlation was 0.60 and the run off coefficient that become the initiation of hydrograph result was 18%. within 365 days, the optimization result of Tank Model resulted in the total amount of rainfall of 2,317 mm, evapotranspiration as 1,166 mm, total outflow of 651 mm devided into surface flow 119 mm (18%), intermediate flow 247 mm (38%), sub-base flow 208 mm (32%) and base flow as much as 77 mm (12%) so that there is water saving as much as 499 mm. MUSLE method acquired such equation Qs= 0.006x, with koefission determination value a much as R2= 0.683, this proves MUSLE model could predict the sediment pace quite well. The total amount of sediment flow in Sub Watershed Melamon from June 2009 to May 2010 was 0.76 mm/year. This indicated that sediment flow in Sub Watershed in Melamon was relatively good.
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Judul: Enteric Collibacillosis Pada Anak Babi Baru Lahir: Patogenesa dan Perubahan-Perubahan Patologisnya
Abstrak: Diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada anak-anak babi baru lahir yang peka terhadap en terotoksin produk bakteri tersebut. Dikenal sebagai colibacillosis. Patogenesa dari colibacillosis anak babi baru lahir adalah (1) infeksi oleh E. coli patogen, (2) proliferasi E. coli di lumen usus halus, (3) produksi dan pelepasan enterotoksin, dan (4) aktifitas toksin pada usus halus. Dalam proses proliferasi, adanya antigen pili K88 sangat penting karena memungkinkan bakteri perlekatan dengan epitel mucosa usus halus. mengadakan Setelah ko lonisasi dan proliferasi segera toksin dilepaskan. Akti- fitas toksin menginduksi sekresi yang berlebihan dari u- sus sehingga banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan ke lumen usus. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak cairan dan elektrolit hilang sehingga timbul diare, dehidrasi dan asidosis yang sering menyebabkan kematian. Perubahan-perubahan patologis yang umum adalah dis tensi usus halus, dilatasi lambung dan infark pada kurva- tura mayor. Perubahan-perubahan histologis yang terjadi adalah enteritis hemorrhagica acuta, oedem dan kongesti pembuluh darah di lamina propria, akumulassi leukosit inti polimorf, sel monosit, dan inti sel mengalami piknosis Thrombus pada vena dan degenerasi serta desquamasi sel epitel usus….
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