Judul: Disease Incidence and Severity of Coffee Leaf  Rust (Hemileia vastatrix) in Seponti District, Kayong Utara Regency, West Kalimantan
Abstrak: Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas penting dalam sektor perkebunan di Indonesia. Namun, penyakit karat daun kopi (Hemileia vastatrix) menjadi faktor pembatas penting terhadap produksi kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji insidensi dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi di sentra produksi kopi di Kecamatan Seponti, Kabupaten Kayong Utara, Kalimantan Barat. Selain itu, dikaji pula hubungan antara teknik budi daya, kondisi lingkungan, dengan perkembangan penyakit karat daun kopi. Pengamatan dilakukan di 8 lahan pertanaman kopi. Sebanyak 30 sampel tanaman kopi dari setiap lahan percobaan diamati selama penelitian. Periode pengukuran insidensi dan keparahan penyakit yaitu 5 minggu dengan interval 1 minggu. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa insidensi dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi meningkat seiring waktu. Insidensi penyakit tertinggi terjadi di lahan A sebesar 96% (tanaman berumur 26 tahun) dan insidensi penyakit yang paling rendah terjadi di lahan H sebesar 82,7% (tanaman berumur 18 tahun). Sementara itu, keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi yang paling tinggi terjadi di lahan G sebesar 52,67% (ada tanaman penaung) dan keparahan penyakit karat daun kopi terendah yaitu di lahan D sebesar 38,83% (tanpa tanaman penaung). Faktor lingkungan seperti suhu yaitu berkisar dari 27 – 28,3°C dan kelembapan 80,2 – 84,5%, dan lama penyinaran matahari selama 30,9 – 53,2 jam/minggu dapat menyebabkan peningkatan terhadap perkembangan penyakit karat daun kopi. Selain itu, curah hujan juga dapat meningkatkan perkembangan penyakit karat daun kopi, karena hujan dapat membantu proses penyebaran penyakit karat daun kopi. Curah hujan pada saat pengamatan berkisar dari 19,5 - 77 mm/minggu. Kata kunci: budi daya, curah hujan, penaung, sektor perkebunan, suhu., Coffee is one of the important commodities in the plantation sector of Indonesia. However, coffee leaf rust disease (Hemileia vastatrix) become an important limiting factor to coffee production. This study was aimed to assess the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust disease in coffee production centers in Seponti District, Kayong Utara Regency, West Kalimantan. Moreover, the relationship among cultivation technique, environmental condition, and development of coffee leaf rust disease were also studied. Observations were undertaken in 8 plots of coffee plantations. A total of 30 samples of coffee plants from each experimental plots observed during the study. Measurement period of disease incidence and severity was 5 weeks with 1 week interval. The results showed that the incidence and severity of coffee leaf rust disease increased over time. The highest incidence of disease was occurred in A plot of 96% (plants aged 26 years) and the lowest incidence of disease was occurred in H plot of 82.7% (plants aged 18 years). Meanwhile, the high severity of coffee leaf rust was occurred in G plot at 52.67% (there are shade plants) and the lowest severity of coffee leaf rust in D plot at 38.83% (without shade plants). Environmental factors such as temperature which range from 27 – 28,3°C, humidity 80,2 – 84,5%, and long irradiation which from 30,9 - 49,1 hours/week can cause an increase in disease progress of coffe leaf rust disease. Moreover, rainfall can also increase in disease progress of coffe leaf rust disease, because rain can can help the spread of coffee leaf rust disease. Rainfall at the
Keyword: cultivation, plantation sector, rainfall, shade, temperature

Judul: Mapping The Distribution of Coffee Leaf Rust Disease (Hemileia vastatrix) and It's Controls in Indonesia
Abstrak: Tanaman kopi (Coffea sp.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan ekspor terbesar keempat di Indonesia, bahkan Indonesia telah menjadi produsen kopi terbesar keempat di dunia. Sejak abad ke-16 kopi telah ditanam di Indonesia dan terus mengalami perkembangan hingga saat ini. Namun kopi di Indonesia terserang penyakit karat daun yang dapat menyebabkan kerusakan 20-70% dan belum dapat teratasi dengan sempurna hingga saat ini. Berbagai pengendalian telah dilakukan seperti penggunaan klon tahan, penyemprotan dengan pestisida kimiawi maupun nabati, kultur teknis. Berbagai pengendalian tersebut belum maksimal dan memberi dampak yang berbeda di setiap daerah maupun setiap musim/iklimnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan persebaran dan perkembangan penyakit karat daun pada kopi serta pengendalian yang pernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengumpulkan data produksi kopi, luas lahan, luas serangan penyakit karat daun kopi, kondisi iklim dan pengendalian yang dilakukan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan pengendalian karat daun kopi yang efektif di Indonesia, sehingga dapat meningkatkan produktivitas kopi Indonesia dengan maksimal. Penyakit karat daun kopi telah menyebar hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia dengan kejadian tertinggi di sentra produksi kopi jenis Arabika, dan pengendalian yang telah dilakukan belum efektif., The coffee plant (Coffea sp.) is the fourth largest export plantation commodity in Indonesia, and makes Indonesia become the fourth largest coffee producer in the world. Since the 16th century, coffee has been grown in Indonesia and it has been developed until now. Unfortunately, there is one of coffee’s disease which cause 20-70% damage, namely coffee leaf rust which caused by Hemileia vastatrix and never completely resolved until now. Various controls such as technical culture, the use of resistant clones, biological controls, biological fungicides, and the application of fungicides have been carried out, but have not been maximized and have different impacts in each region and each season/climate’s condition. This study aims to map the distribution and development of the coffee leaf rust and to learn the controls that have been carried out in Indonesia. The literature review was conducted by collecting data of coffee production, coffee’s land area, area of coffee leaf rusts attack ,climate conditions and controls have been carried out in Indonesia. This literature review is expected to be a consideration for effective coffee leaf rust control in Indonesia, so that can maximize the productivity of Indonesia’s coffee. Coffee leaf rust has been spread in all region in Indonesia, which Arabica coffee’s production center became the highest incidence rate and the controls’d been done in Indonesia are not yet effective.
Keyword: Arabica, fungicides, climate, technical culture

Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Natrium Alginat untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Composite of chitosan and sodium alginate can be utilized as base material of proton exchange membrane (PEM). The composite membranes were produced by various concentrations of chitosan-sodium alginate, namely 3:3, 3:4, 3:5, 3:6, 4:3, 5:3, and 6:3 (% b/v). The composites were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and were tested for the performance as PEM from the proton conductivity obtained by using impedance spectrometer. The FTIR spectrum indicated the NH3C group at 1637.29 cm-1 and symmetrical COO group at 1253.68 cm-1 indicating interactions between chitosan and sodium alginate. SEM micrographs showed that the composite membrane was nonporous. Composite membrane with 3:5 chitosan-sodium alginate composition had the highest proton conductivity, namely 9.594 × 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane can be applied well in direct methanol fuel cell system.
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