Judul: Ekstrak Etanol Cacing Tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) sebagai Aktivator Enzim α-Glukosidase.
Abstrak: Cacing tanah (Lumbricus rubellus) memiliki kandungan nutrien seperti karbohidrat, protein, lemak, serta mineral yang tinggi sehingga berpotensi digunakan sebagai imbuhan pakan. Salah satu dari senyawa kimia tersebut diduga dapat meningkatkan aktivitas dari enzim α-glukosidase. Enzim α-glukosidase merupakan suatu enzim yang berperan dalam pemecahan karbohidrat menjadi monosakarida dalam usus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh ekstrak etanol cacing tanah terhadap aktivitas α-glukosidase. Potensi aktivasi ekstrak cacing tanah terhadap enzim α-glukosidase dilakukan dengan mengadopsi metoda Sancheti et al. (2009) menggunakan ELISA pada konsentrasi 10, 25, 50, 100, 250, dan 500 ppm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol cacing tanah bersifat aktivator terhadap aktivitas enzim α-glukosidase pada konsentrasi 25 ppm sampai 500 ppm. Persentase aktivator tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi 500 ppm sebesar 15,993%.
Keyword: α-glukosidase, karbohidrat, Lumbricus rubellus

Judul: Aktivator Enzim -Glukosidase dari Ekstrak Etanol Biji Labu Kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) secara In Vitro.
Abstrak: Biji labu kuning (Cucurbita moschata Duchesne) mengandung berbagai mineral yang dapat berfungsi sebagai aktivator enzim. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan rendemen, kadar magnesium, mangan, total gula, dan fitokimia biji labu kuning serta efek ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning terhadap aktivitas enzim -glukosidase secara in vitro. Biji labu kuning diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut etanol 96% dengan metode maserasi sebanyak 3 kali. Ekstrak dihitung rendemennya dan diuji efeknya terhadap aktivitas enzim -glukosidase secara in vitro. Magnesium dan mangan ditentukan dengan metode flame atomic absorption spectrometry dan total gula dengan metode luff schoorl. Simplisia serbuk biji labu kuning diuji fitokimia secara kualitatif. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Nilai rendemen ekstrak biji labu kuning yaitu 2.47% dan hasil uji fitokimia menunjukan biji labu kuning hanya mengandung steroid. Kandungan magnesium 3177.90 mg/kg, mangan 21.38 mg/kg dan total gula 2.59%. Ekstrak etanol biji labu kuning pada konsentrasi 100 ppm mempunyai akivitas aktivator tertinggi terhadap enzim -glukosidase. Oleh karena itu, dapat disimpulkan bahwa biji labu kuning memiliki potensi untuk meningkatkan fungsi penyerapan.
Keyword: -glukosidase, biji labu kuning, magnesium, mangan, steroid

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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