Judul: Effect of Nitrogen and Phospor Fertilization on Chlorophyll and Nitrogen and Phospor Content in Transgenic Sugarcane of IPB 1
Abstrak: Penurunan produksi tanaman tebu terus terjadi, sementara itu kebutuhan gula di Indonesia semakin meningkat. IPB sebagai salah satu satu institusi yang bergerak dan fokus dalam bidang pertanian turut melakukan upaya-upaya dalam membantu program swasembada gula di Indonesia. Salah satunya adalah dengan melakukan penelitian tanaman tebu transgenik. Tebu transgenik ini adalah tebu hasil rekayasa genetika yaitu dengan menyisipkan gen fitase untuk menghemat pemupukan. Terkait dengan upaya-upaya tersebut dilakukan uji kandungan klorofil dan hara N dan P pada tanaman tebu transgenik IPB 1 untuk melihat lebih jauh kemampuan tebu transgenik IPB 1 ini dalam menghemat pemupukan. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan PG Djatiroto, PT Perkebunan Nusantara XI (PTPN XI), Kabupaten Lumajang, Jawa Timur, Laboratorium Indonesian Center for Biodiversity and Biotechnology (ICBB), Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanah dan Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan. Sebanyak 23 klon tebu transgenik IPB 1 dan 1 klon tebu isogenik PS 851 ditanam dengan empat perlakuan yaitu a (pemupukan N 50% dan P 50%), b (pemupukan N 100% dan P 50%), c (pemupukan N 50% dan P 100%), d (pemupukan N 100% dan P 100%) dan tiga kali ulangan dalam petakan seluas 10.000 m2. Sampel tanaman untuk analisis klorofil dan kandungan hara N dan P diambil dua kali, yaitu saat tebu berumur 6 bulan dan 9 bulan. Analisis kandungan klorofil dilakukan dengan dengan metode Wintermans and De Mots sedangkan kandungan hara N dan P dengan metode pengabuan basah. Skoring pada keragaan tanaman tebu juga dilakukan untuk mencari tujuh klon tebu terbaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respon pemupukan dengan dosis N 50% dan P 50% pada tebu transgenik IPB 1 memiliki kandungan klorofil, dan hara N dan P yang hampir sama baik dengan pemupukan N 100% dan P 100%. Sebaliknya pada tebu isogenik PS 851 memiliki kecenderungan kandungan klorofil dan N dan P yang tinggi seiring dengan meningkatnya dosis pemupukan. Berdasarkan skoring keragaan dan hasil diperoleh tujuh klon terbaik tebu transgenik IPB 1. Tujuh klon tebu transgenik IPB 1 adalah IPB 1-1, IPB 1-3, IPB 1-6, IPB 1-46, IPB 1-52, IPB 56, dan IPB 1-59.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemupukan N dan P Terhadap Keragaan dan Hasil Tebu Transgenik IPB 1 di PG Djatiroto, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: One approach to improve sugar production and saving of fertilizer is develoving genetically modified sugarcane plants. The transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 contains bacterial phytase gene that can alter phytic acid which is a form of organic-P to become inorganic-P, so it can be used by plants. Phytase will also increase the availability of other mineral nutrients in plant tissues such as Mg2+, Ca2+, and Fe2+. The nutrients are utilized by plant for synthesis of chlorophyll and inturn will increase photosynthesis and the yield of sugarcane. The research was aimed study to (1) the effectivity of N and P fertilization on transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 by observing growth and production of sugarcane, and (2) to select seven best clones by scoring the growth and production of sugarcane. The research was conducted at PG Djatiroto Experiment Station, Lumajang, East Java. Total of 23 clones of transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 and 1 clone of isogenic sugarcane PS 851 were treated with four fertilization, i.e.: (a) 50% N and 50% P, (b) 100% N and 50% P, (c) 50% N and 100% P, and (d) 100% N and 100% P, where 100% N and 100% P, respectively, equals to 800 kg ZA/ha and 200 kg SP-36/ha. 800 kg ZA/ha and 200 kg SP-36/ha together with 100 kg KCl/ha are the recommended fertilization rate for the area. Growth parameters abserved were number of stalk, stalk height, and stalk diameter. Measurement of the growth parameters were conducted twice, i.e. at the ages of 6 and 9 months (Januari and April 2011). Production parameters, namely yield, sugar content, and sugar production were determined after sugarcane harvesting at the age of 12 months. Some data were analyzed using Statistical Analysis Software (SAS) at α value of 0,05. The results showed that the transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 can effectively utilized fertilizers as indicated by insignificant effect of fertilization treatment. The best growth and production were resulted by 50% N and 50% P fertilization. Seven best clones at this rate of fertilizaation are transgenic sugarcane IPB 1-1, IPB 1-3, IPB 1-6, IPB 1-7, IPB 1-46, IPB 1-52, and IPB 1-56 the seven best sugarcane clones.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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