Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen UTMP Exon 4 Pada Sapi Bali
Abstrak: The bali cattle, one of Indonesian specific animal genetic resource, has many advantage, one of that advantage is high in reproductivity. Uterine Milk Protein (UTMP) gene is expected having an effect on lifes’ productivity related to the characteristic of reproduction and has main function in supporting conception during pregnancy. The aim of this research was to identify the existence of UTMP polymorphisms gene as controller of reproductions characteristic in Bali cattle using the PCR-RFLP (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism). One hundred twenty three blood samples of bali cattle derived from BPTU and BIBD was detected its presence of genetic diversity at UTMP gene using BsrI which restric C|CAGT basic sequences. UTMP gene amplification was performed with temperature of annealing 60 ⁰C. The results of PCR-RFLP analysis indicated that bali cattle have been analysed monomorphic A allele at BPTU and BIBD was 100%. Result of sequence fragment UTMP gene exon 4 was indicate insersi mutation 77 basic until long change sequence it bands 406 base pair.
Keyword: PCR-RFLP, uterine milk protein (UTMP), bali cattle

Judul: Keragaman Haplotipe dan Filogenetik Menggunakan Penanda Gen 12S rRNA Mitokondria pada Sapi Bali
Abstrak: Sapi bali merupakan salah satu sumber daya genetik ternak asli Indonesia yang harus dikembangkan dan dilestarikan. Gen 12S rRNA dapat digunakan sebagai marker keragaman genetik pada sapi dan saat ini belum diteliti secara intensif pada sapi bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis gen 12S rRNA mtDNA untuk menentukan keragaman haplotipe dan filogenetik pada sapi Bali di kawasan timea Indonesia yang diwakili oleh 3 provinsi sebagai sumber kantong penghasil sapi Bali paling besar, selain itu digunakan sapi lokal Indonesia lainnya sebagai pembanding dalam penelitian ini. Sebanyak 95 sampel darah sudah dikoleksi di Laboratorium Genetika Molekuler Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dari 3 bangsa sapi, yaitu sapi bali dari BPTU-HPT Pulukan Denpasar Bali, sapi bali dari Village Breeding Centre (VBC) Kabupaten Baru Sulawesi Selatan, sapi bali dari BPTU-HPT Serading Nusa Tenggara Barat, sapi madura dari VBC Kabupaten Pamekasan Jawa Timur dan sapi PO dari VBC Kabupaten Kebumen Jawa Tengah. Sampel dianalisa keragaman haplotipe menggunakan metode PCR dan sekuensing. Data dilakukan validitas data dengan Bio Edit dan FinchTV. Analisis data dengan metode elustal W untuk mengestimasi jarak genetik dihitung dengan p distance pada program MEGA versi 10, dan dihitung keanekaragaman nukleotida yang dinyatakan sebagai jumlah situs polimorfik (S), perbedaan nukleotida (K), keragaman haplotipe (Hd), dan keragaman nukleotida (x) dihitung menggunakan program DNAsp versi 6.12.01. Median-joining network dianalisis menggunakan program Network versi 10.2. Pohon Filogenetik direkonstruksi menggunakan metode bootstrapped Maximum Likehood 1000 kali pengulangan, gamma distribution (+G) dengan menggunakan lima rate kategori. Hasilnya panjang sekuen gen 12S rRNA yang dapat dianalisis 909 bp. Nilai jarak genetik berkisar 0,00200-0,01508. Keragaman haplotipe berkisar 0,66000-0,91111. Nilai keragaman nukleotida berkisar 0,00174-0,01673. Berhasil ditemukan sebanyak 16 haplotipe. Nilai Gst 0,00803, nilai Nst 0,07550, nilai Fst 0,07622. Berdasarkan hasil analisa keragaman marka gen 12S rRNA terdapat haplotipe spesifik yang membedakan tiga lokasi sapi bali di kawasan timur Indonesia yaitu haplotipe H16 (asal Denpasar), H18 (asal Sulawesi Selatan), dan H19 (asal Nusa Tenggara Barat). Perbedaaan haplotipe spesifik juga ditemukan antar bangsa sapi yaitu haplotipe H6, 1H7, H8 (Sapi PO) dan H9, H10, H11, H13 (Sapi madura). Analisis jarak genetik dan filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa sapi bali terdapat perbedaan di berbagai wilayah. Penelitian ini meskipun keragamannya rendah pada sapi bali, gen 125 RNA dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat marka genetik untuk studi keragaman sapi pedaging khususnya pada sapi bali
Keyword: 125 RNA gene, hali cattle, genetic diversity, phylogenetic tree

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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