Judul: Frekuensi Alel Subunit-CD18 Sapi Fresian-Holstein (FH) pada Peternakan di Lembang dan BPTU Baturraden
Abstrak: Mutasi titik pada nukleotida ke-383 dari subunit-CD18 menyebabkan suatu kelainan yang dikenal dengan sebutan Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD). Kelainan tersebut berupa defisiensi â2-integrin pada sel darah putih. â2-integrin berperan dalam penempelan sel darah putih pada dinding vaskular sehingga sel darah putih dapat menembus ke dalam jaringan yang terserang patogen. Kelainan ini bersifat resesif. Ternak yang bergenotipe homozigot dominan dan heterozigot bersifat normal, sedangkan ternak yang bergenotipe homozigot resesif mengalami kematian sebelum dewasa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi dan sekaligus menghitung frekuensi alel “subunit-CD18” penyandi BLAD pada sapi Fresian Holstein dengan menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP. Tiga sampel (2,2%) dari 136 sampel yang berhasil diamplifikasi dideteksi sebagai carier BLAD. Frekuensi alel dominan (D) sebesar 0,98897 dan frekuensi alel resesif (d) sebesar 0,01103. Deteksi BLAD sejak dini yang didukung manajemen perkawinan yang benar dapat mengurangi resiko memiliki ternak yang terkena BLAD. Dengan demikian, kerugian akibat BLAD dapat dihindari.
Keyword: 

Judul: Identifikasi Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) pada Peternakan Sapi Friesian-Holstein di Jawa-Bali
Abstrak: Bovine Leukocyte Adhesion Deficiency (BLAD) or granulocyphaty syndrome is genetic disorder cause of autosomal resesif gene in cattle. This deficiency in cattle is lethal or died in early life. Point mutation at nucloetide 383 of CD 18 gene cause disorder deficiency β2-integrine molecule on the surface of leukocyte, in that decreasing the ability leukocytes into vascular and enter the infected tissues. It is a resesif disorder. The objective of this study is to know frequency allele CD 18-subunit cause BLAD in Holstein-Friesian(HF) cattle from Java-Bali using PCRRFLP methode. Have to much from 965 samples already DNA extracton and isolation. Chromosome 1 exon 2 internode CD 18 gene was succesfull amplified with lenght 106 bp. RFLP analysis to CD 18 amplicon with restriction enzyme Hae III indicate result monomorf, that make sense 100% samples have homozygote dominan genotipe (DD) with the result that frequency of D allele is 1 and for d allele is 0. Earlier detection genetic disorder BLAD haved to do especially to male superior bovine or female superior can reduce genetic disorder.
Keyword: 

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory