Judul: Respon Fisiologis Sapi Bali Jantan Selama Periode Pemulihan Pasca Transportasi yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Respon fisiologis merupakan salah satu indikator yang dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat stres pada sapi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis respon fisiologis sapi bali jantan pasca transportasi yang berbeda. Total 19 ekor sapi bali jantan digunakan pada penelitian ini, yang dibagi menjadi 2 perlakuan proses transportasi. Transportasi 1 yaitu sapi bali jantan diangkut dari wilayah Beringkit-Provinsi Bali ke kandang penampungan di wilayah Jonggol-Jawa Barat selama 30 jam, dan selanjutnya setelah istirahat selama 24 jam di kandang penampungan, sapi diangkut ke kandang di Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Total durasi perjalanan yaitu 54 jam. Transportasi 2 yaitu sapi bali diangkut dari wilayah Beringkit langsung ke kandang sapi di Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Total durasi perjalanan adalah 48 jam. Peubah yang diamati meliputi pengukuran lingkungan mikroklimat meliputi suhu udara dan kelembapan. Peubahn respon fisiologis meliputi suhu rektal, frekuensi denyut jantung, frekuensi respirasi, dan suhu permukaan tubuh. Data respon fisiologis dianalisis secara deskriftif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu rektal kisaran 38.4-38.7 oC, frekuensi respirasi kisaran 20-27 hembusan menit-1, frekuensi detak jantung kisaran 58-62 kali menit-1. Respon fisiologis sapi bali pasca transportasi yang berbeda sama selama periode pemulihan.
Keyword: respon fisiologis, sapi bali, transportasi

Judul: Physiological Response of Bali Cattle and Bali Angus Cross Cattle during Long Distance Transport
Abstrak: Selama penanganan dan transportasi, ternak sapi mengalami berbagai keadaan yang berpotensi menyebabkan stres seperti dingin, panas, buruknya kualitas udara, kebisingan, dan getaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi respon fisiologis sapi bali dan silangan bali angus pada proses transportasi jarak jauh. Penelitian ini menggunakan sapi bali dan sapi silangan bali angus masing-masing sebanyak 5 ekor berjenis kelamin jantan umur I0 sampai I3. Bobot hidup rataan sapi bali sebesar 214,7 ± 24,9 kg dan silangan bali angus sebesar 301,6 ± 67,7 kg. Peubah yang diamati meliputi, suhu lingkungan, kelembaban, dan Temperature Humidity Index (THI), penyusutan bobot hidup, suhu permukaan tubuh, dan respon fisiologis. Respon fisiologis yang diamati yaitu suhu rektal, denyut jantung, dan frekuensi nafas. Rataan suhu dan kelembaban lingkungan selama proses transportasi yaitu 29,5 oC dan 84,3%. Selanjutnya skor THI pada lingkungan penelitian menunjukkan ternak dalam kondisi stres ringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang nyata pada parameter denyut jantung dan suhu rektal pada kedua bangsa setelah perjalanan (P<0,05). Rata-rata denyut jantung sapi bali dan sapi silangan bali angus sebesar 56,8 ± 3,3 dan 50 ± 18,4. Suhu rektal sapi bali 37,9 ± 0,4 dan sapi silangan bali angus 37,9 ± 0,23. Pengukuran frekuensi pernafasan pada kedua bangsa tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan setelah perjalanan dengan rataan frekuensi pernafasan sapi bali dan sapi silangan bali angus berturut-turut sebesar 18 ± 3,6 dan 25,4 ± 14,9. Rata-rata penyusutan bobot badan sapi bali dan silangan bali angus yaitu sebesar sebesar 7,08%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sapi bali dan sapi silangan bali angus pada proses transportasi mengalami kondisi stres ringan, During handling and transportation, cattle are subjected to various potentially stressful conditions such as cold, heat, poor air quality, noise, and vibration. This study aims to evaluate the physiological response of bali cattle and bali angus crosses in the long-distance transportation process. This study used bali cattle and bali angus cross cattle each as many as 5 male sexes aged I0 to I3. The average live weight of bali cattle was 214,7 ± 24,9 kg and bali angus crosses were 301,6 ± 67,7 kg. The observed variables included ambient temperature, humidity, and Temperature Humidity Index (THI), live weight loss, body surface temperature, and physiological responses. The physiological responses observed were rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate. The average temperature and humidity of the environment during the transportation process were 29,5 oC and 84,3%. Furthermore, the THI score in the research environment showed that the cattle were under mild stress conditions. The results showed that there were significant differences in heart rate and rectal temperature parameters between the two nations after the trip (P<0,05). The average heart rate of bali cattle and bali angus crosses was 56,8 ± 3,3 and 50 ± 18,4. The rectal temperature of bali cattle was 37,9 ± 0,4 and bali angus crosses were 37,9 ± 0,23. The measurement of respiratory frequency in the two breeds did not show any difference after the trip with the average respiratory frequency of bali cattle and bali angus crossbreeds of 18 ± 3,6 and 25,4 ± 14,9, respectively. The average weight loss of bali cattle and bali
Keyword: Bali angus cross, Bali cattle, Physiology response, transportation

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: