Judul: Online Trading and Economic Value of Indonesian Butterfly
Abstrak: Kupu-kupu menjadi salah satu komoditas satwa liar yang mulai diperdagangkan secara daring. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui data kupu-kupu yang diperdagangkan secara daring mulai dari karakteristik, status perlindungan, kategori produk, media perdagangan, ruang lingkup permintaan dan nilai ekonominya. Metode yang digunakan adalah observasi langsung melalui media internet dan toko konvensional, wawancara serta studi pustaka. Hasil penelitian menemukan sebanyak 360 spesies dari 5 famili diperdagangkan dan 47 spesies di antaranya memiliki status perlindungan. Kupu-kupu diperdagangkan dalam berbagai bentuk yakni spesimen mati, spesimen hidup, offset, embedding, kerajinan tangan dan aksesoris. Terdapat 16 jenis media perdagangan yang diketahui memperjualkan kupu-kupu secara daring yakni e-commerce (6), media sosial (2), forum (3) dan situs (5) . Kupu-kupu Indonesia diperdagangkan, baik di dalam negeri maupun luar negeri. Permintaan produk kupu-kupu Indonesia paling banyak ditemukan dari negara-negara di benua Eropa. Nilai ekonomi rata-rata pemanfaatan kupu-kupu yang diperdagangkan secara daring sebesar Rp102.047,00/ekor dengan perkiraan nilai total ekonomi selama periode Januari 2018 sampai September 2019 sebesar Rp1.447.532.525,00. Potensi kupu-kupu sebagai komoditas perdagangan perlu diselaraskan dengan upaya konservasi agar kelestariannya tetap terjaga., Butterflies are one of the wildlife commodities that are starting to be traded online. This study aims to determine the data of butterflies traded online starting from their characteristics, protection status, product category, trading media, scope of demand and their economic value. The method used is direct observation through internet media and conventional stores, interviews and literature study. The research found that 360 species from 5 families were traded and 47 species of them had protection status. Butterflies are traded in various forms, namely dead specimens, live specimens, offsets, embedding, handicrafts and accessories. There are 16 types of trading media that are known to sell butterflies online, namely e-commerce (6), social media (2), forums (3) and websites (5). Indonesian butterflies are traded, both domestically and abroad. The most demand for Indonesian butterfly products is found from countries on the European continent. The average economic value of the use of butterflies traded online is 102.047,00 IDR/head with an estimated total economic value during the period January 2018 to September 2019 is 1.447.532.525,00 IDR. The potential of butterflies as a trading commodity needs to be aligned with conservation efforts so that their sustainability is maintained.
Keyword: butterfly, conservation, economic value, online, trade

Judul: Bird Trade Via E-commerce in Indonesia
Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi mempermudah perdagangan satwa liar, termasuk burung. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi jenis burung yang diperdagangkan, mengkategorikan produk yang dijual, kota dan kabupaten di Indonesia yang paling banyak menjual, serta menduga nilai ekonomi burung yang diperdagangkan secara daring melalui e-commerce. Pengumpulan data dilakukan selama 4 bulan melalui web scraping dengan mengumpulkan informasi seperti nama toko, barang yang dijual (perlengkapan, obat, awetan satwa, aksesoris, dan replika burung), asal, dan barang yang terjual. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian terdapat 411 jenis burung yang dijual dengan pembagian 211 jenis burung Indonesia dan 161 jenis burung asing di 32 daerah di Indonesia. Ordo Passeriformes menjadi jenis burung dominan dengan total penjualan 152 jenis burung endemik dan 69 jenis burung asing. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat 47 jenis burung dilindungi oleh permen LHK No. 106 Tahun 2018, 32 jenis burung masuk kategori IUCN (8 VU, 16 EN, dan 8 CR), serta 66 jenis burung masuk status konservasi CITES (12 App. I, 49 App. II, dan 5 App. III). Total ekonomi yang didapatkan adalah Rp2.079.824.611 dari tahun 2015 hingga 2023., Technological advances make it easier to trade wild animals, including birds. This research identifies the types of birds traded, categorizes the products sold, the cities and districts in Indonesia that sell the most, and estimates the economic value of birds traded online through e-commerce. Data collection was carried out for 4 months via web scraping by collecting information such as shop name, goods sold (equipment, medicine, preserved animals, accessories, and bird replicas), origin, and goods sold. Based on the research results, there are 411 types of birds for sale, divided into 211 types of Indonesian birds and 161 types of foreign birds in 32 regions of Indonesia. The Passeriformes order is the dominant bird species, with total sales of 152 endemic bird species and 69 foreign bird species. The analysis results show that there are 47 bird species protected by LHK regulation no. 106 of 2018, 32 bird species are included in the IUCN category (8 VU, 16 EN, and 8 CR), and 66 bird species are included in CITES conservation status (12 App. I, 49 App. II, and 5 App. III). The total economic gain is IDR 2.079.824.611 from 2015 to 2023.
Keyword: burung, nilai ekonomi, perdagangan

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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