Judul: Kajian Literatur Hubungan Kinerja Micobial Fuel Cell sebagai Pembangkit Energi Biolistrik dan Pengolah Limbah Cair Perikanan
Abstrak: Penelitian Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) menggunakan limbah sebagai substrat menjadi bidang bioenergi yang semakin populer. Salah satu kendala untuk membandingkan antar studi yang telah dilakukan adalah kurangnya informasi konversi yang konsisten untuk menjadi acuan. Kajian literatur bertujuan menentukan hubungan antara jumlah Chemical Oxyde Demand (COD) dan Biochemical Oxyde Demand (BOD) terhadap energi biolistrik serta jumlah optimum biolistrik. Terdapat 13 eksperimen MFC menggunakan substrat limbah cair perikanan yang dikumpulkan untuk dilakukan analisis korelasi dan regresi linier. Penurunan COD atau BOD yang terjadi selama sistem MFC berlangsung berkorelasi positif dengan potensial energi yang dihasilkan dengan nilai koefisien korelasi masing-masing sebesar 0,566 dan 0,605. Nilai optimum listrik yang dihasilkan pada eksperimen skala laboratorium dengan hasil perhitungan berdasarkan teori memiliki hasil yang berbeda karena perhitungan dengan pendekatan teoritis tidak menyeluruh, hanya berfokus pada pemecahan protein dalam limbah cair perikanan.
Keyword: fishery wastewater, microbial fuel cell, renewable energy

Judul: Kinerja Microbial Fuel Cell Pembangkit Biolistrik dengan Variasi Rasio Luas Elektroda dan Volume Limbah Cair Perikanan.
Abstrak: Limbah cair perikanan dapat menyebabkan pencemaran lingkungan jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Pengolahan limbah cair perikanan secara konvensional memerlukan biaya dan energi yang cukup tinggi. Microbial fuel cell (MFC) dapat membangkitkan energi listrik dari penguraian bahan organik pada limbah dengan memanfaatkan mikroorganisme. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan MFC satu bejana dengan rasio luas elektroda dan volume limbah cair perikanan yang berbeda yaitu 1:80 cm2/cm3, 1:40 cm2/cm3 dan 1:8 cm2/cm3. Tegangan listrik tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan rasio 1:80 cm2/cm3 sebesar 428.98 mV. Arus listrik tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 1:40 cm2/cm3 sebesar 3.26 mA. Rapat daya listrik tertinggi terdapat pada perlakuan 1:40 cm2/cm3 sebesar 1 185.87 mW/m2. Nilai chemical oxygen demand (COD) mengalami penurunan sebesar 62% pada perlakuan rasio 1:8 cm2/cm3 dan biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) mengalami penurunan sebesar 42% pada perlakuan rasio 1:80 cm2/cm3. Nilai mixed liquor suspended solids (MLSS) dan mixed liquor volatile suspended solids (MLVSS) mengalami peningkatan sebesar 1 471% dan 1 725% pada perlakuan rasio 1:40 cm2/cm3. Nilai pH mengalami meningkat menjadi 7.5-8.4. Nilai total amonia nitrogen (TAN) mengalami penurunan sebesar 89-93%.
Keyword: limbah cair perikanan, listrik, luas elektroda, microbial fuel cell

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite