Judul: Model of policy implementation development of the use of pesticides on vegetable crops in the province of East Java
Abstrak: The use of pesticides by vegetable farmers is closely related to the policy that has been implemented by the government through Intergrated Pest Management (IPM) program since 1989. However, the fact in the field shows that the use of pesticides for vegetable crops is still high and has caused various negative effects on humans, plant pests and the environment. This study aimed to develop a strategy for policy implementation in the use of pesticides through a system modeling approach. The research was carried out in the main central areas of vegetables (shallots, peppers, cabbages and potatoes) in four regencies including Nganjuk, Kediri, Malang and Problinggo of East Java Province. The respondents were 112 field school of IPM and 112 non- field school of IPM farmers with a method of accidental sampling. There were 12 expert respondents taken from practitioners, bureaucracy and academicians using purposive sampling. The data processing and analysis were assisted by SPSS software, version 16 for Windows, version 2.5 c for powersim modeling system and strategy development with a prospective analysis. The research results showed that the success of policy implementation in pesticide use with indicator 5 (five) appropriate (PP No. 6 / 1995) was categorized inappropriate except for the right target at pest. By using a volume approach to pesticide use, the modeling behavior of a real system in the pesticide use by vegetable farmers was composed of 5 (five) submodels: (1) sub-model of planting area, (2) sub-model of pest attack, (3) sub-model of farmer human resource, (4) sub-model of promotional pressure and (5) sub-model of access to the availability of pesticides. Two factors that acted as input (driver) in the system behavior were found: (1) farmer human resource and (2) the role of officers. Three factors of stakes in the system were: (1) pest attack, (2) support of local government and (3) cross-sector cooperation. Three scenarios were found for the development of policy implementation in pesticide use including (1) pessimistic scenario, (2) moderate scenario, and (3) optimistic scenario. Based on the simulation results of using pesticide on the three scenarios until the year 2025, the final data of pesticides use were obtained as follows: pessimistic scenario was 53.338,7 tons, moderate scenario 32.634,84 tons and optimistic scenario 23.107,84 tons. Priority in the development of policy implementation in the use of pesticides is the empowerment of farmers through education and training, increased role of field officers supported by cross-sector coordination and pest control.
Keyword: policy implementation, pesticides, vegetable crops, East Java, Intergrated Pest Management

Judul: Perbandingan Pola Penggunaan Pestisida pada Petani Sayuran dan Petani Tanaman Hias di Kecamatan Cipanas, Kabupaten Cianjur
Abstrak: The most common strategy used by farmers to control pests is the application of pesticide. The use of pesticide by farmers is different for each kind of cultivated crops. The use of pesticide on vegetable crops is more intensive than ornamental plant crops. This study aimed to compare pesticide use patterns between vegetable and ornamental plant farmers, and to know the factors that influence. This study was conducted by using direct survey method using structured questionnaires to collect a primary data. The secondary data was obtained from government institution of Cipanas. The survey location was determined by purposive sampling. The number of respondents were 75 for vegetables farmers and 45 for ornamental plant farmers. The result of this study showed that the most dominant strategy used by vegetable and ornamental plant farmers to control pests and deseases was use of synthetic pesticide. Paterns of pesticide use among vegetables and ornamental plant farmers have some simlilarities and differences. The similarities including knowledge of pesticide use, pesticide selection criteria, dose conformity with recommendation dose, the rotation and mixing pesticides, reading label, and post evaluation of pesticide application. The differences including basic consideration to apply pesticides, active ingredients used, intensity of application, pesticide selection, and pre harvest interval. Several factors may influence the patern of pesticides use on vegetable and ornamental plant farmers were level of education, climate and weather, farmer anxiety when their crops attacked by pest and disease, knowledge of pesticide application, and the presence of pesticides store.
Keyword: pattern of use, vegetables and ornamental plant farmers, pesticide

Judul: Embriogenesis ikan buta (Astyanax fasciatus)
Abstrak: Ikan buta Astyanax fasciatus adalah spesies ikan unik dari famili Characidae yang menempati perairan dalam gua di Wilayah La Cueva Chica-San Luis Potasi-Mexico. Ikan ini memiliki mata yang tereduksi (Blind Cavefish) dan warna kulit merah muda, pucat serta mengkilap.
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