Judul: Developing Information System for Climate Based Potential Area of Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens) in North Coast of West Java
Abstrak: Pest infestation is still a big limiting factor for crop production in Indonesia. Although a number of efforts have been made to solve this problem, serious damages caused by pest attacks are still reported from some crop production areas. Among those several pest and diseases, Brown Plant Hopper/BPH (Nilaparvata lugens) is the one that caused severe damage in rice farming. It was recorded on 1998 in West Java that there was 84,976 hectares of rice has been damaged due to BPH and decreased the national rice production as much as 1 percent. There are some reasons for the increase of crop pest and disease attack i.e.: (1) rice planting season is not at the same schedule, (2) climate anomaly like La-Nina, where on some occasions rainfall occur during dry season. To reduce the worst impact of pest on crop production and productivity, it is needed to have an anticipated efforts and adaptation to climate change. The anticipation strategy and technology deals with adaptation to climate change and the pest attack are aspects that have to be considered in the strategic planning. To support the development of this strategic planning, information system for potential area attack of Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens) is needed. The objectives of this study are as follows : (1). to study climate parameters that stimulate the BPH attack, (2). to define the relationship between climate parameters and area of BPH attacked, and (3) to build information system of potential area of BPH attack on the paddy field areas. A set of historical climate and area of BPH attack are needed to know the climate parameters are influenced area of BPH attack and to predict future area of BPH attack base on climate prediction. The information system of potential area of BPH attack deals with database, models, and interface that work together over one stand alone application. The potential area of BPH attack can be displayed with spatial distribution. In the implementation phase, this information system needs future climate data prediction as an input to the model. As a result for prediction potential of area of BPH attack of January 2008, there was area that by prediction was attacked, and it was present in the field. In contrast, there was by prediction was attacked but it was absent in the field. Thus, there are other factors such as rice varieties and planting time that have to be considered in the further model development.
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Judul: Study on the impact of climate variability on rice pest distribution and status shift in the Northern Coast of West Java
Abstrak: Every degree of earth temperature increasing will cause the life cycle of most insect pests to be speeded up. This equates to shorter time from egg hatching to full grown adult, thus creating larger pest populations. In the end, this will affect the distribution pattern and magnitude of pest invasion in the field. Brown plant hopper (BPH) and rice stem borer (RSB) are the two main types of rice pest that always gets attention from farmers due to the high damage caused by both pests. This study was aimed to analyze the impacts of climate variability on the distribution and pest status shifts of rice pests. An index of pest infestation was calculated to assest the status shift of a pest and a multiple regression technique was used to investigated the effect of climate variables on the magnitude of the pests (BPH and RSB) infestation. There was an increasing in earth temperature but a decreasing in precipitation in three districts of the Northern Coast of West Java during the period of 1990-2010. Contrary to the above two variables, the relative humidity was indicating a stable fluctuation over the period. Not all of the studied pests (Rats, BPH, RSB, and Leaffolder) indicated shifts in their status but only Rats and BPH did as the climate changed. Among the three climate variables, only the minimum temperature had a consistent effect on the infestation area of BPH and RSB. The infestation areas of BPH and RSB were increasing as the minimum temperature increased. The relative humidity had a similar but less consistent effect as the temperature effect on the pests infestation areas. The effect of precipitation on the pests infestation areas was not appearing to be significant in this study.
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Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4