Judul: Strategi Pemberdayaan Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau dan Kabupaten Buleleng
Abstrak: Perhutanan Sosial (Social Forestry) merupakan sistem pengelolaan hutan yang dilakukan oleh individu, komunitas, atau kelompok, pada lahan negara, lahan komunal, lahan adat atau lahan milik (individual/ rumahtangga) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan individu/ rumahtangga dan masyarakat, serta diusahakan secara komersial ataupun sekedar untuk subsistensi. Program Kehutanan Masyarakat atau Perhutanan Sosial dimulai pada akhir 1970-an, ketika kekhawatiran atas peningkatan laju deforestasi yang menyebabkan pertanyaan tentang kontrol negara dan kapasitasnya dalam pengelolaan dan perlindungan sumber daya hutan secara lestari. Tujuan pemerintah melalui program Perhutanan Sosial adalah untuk: 1). dapat mengurangi angka kemiskinan masyarakat sekitar hutan; 2). dapat memberikan akses legal pengelolaan kawasan hutan; dan 3). memperbaiki kondisi hutan. Penelitian-penelitian yang telah dilakukan belum memberikan perhatian pada faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keberhasilan pemberdayaan pada Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial (KPS). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menjelaskan hubungan antara modal KPS dan modal fasilitator serta proses-proses pemberdayaan yang dilakukan oleh fasilitator terhadap keberdayaan KPS, sehingga dapat disusun model strategi pemberdayaan KPS. Penelitian dilakukan di 7 (tujuh) Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial di Kabupaten Buleleng Provinsi Bali dan 8 (delapan) KPS di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, 1 (satu) KPS di Kabupaten Palangkaraya Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah yang dipilih secara purposive. Setiap KPS dipilih 30 orang anggota KPS sebagai responden. Analisis data menggunakan analisis jalur (Path Analysis). Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa Keberdayaan Kelompok Perhutanan Sosial (KPS) berhubungan kuat dengan Modal Fisik KPS, Modal Manusia KPS, Modal Fisik Fasilitator, Modal Manusia Fasilitator dan proses pemberdayaan. Peningkatan pada modal Manusia KPS, Modal Fisik Fasilitator, Modal Manusia Fasilitator dan proses pemberdayaan akan meningkatkan keberdayaan KPS. Disisi lain, intervensi terhadap modal fisik KPS yang dilakukan dengan proses yang tidak tepat akan menyebabkan penurunan pada keberdayaan KPS. Strategi efektif untuk meningkatkan keberdayaan KPS adalah dengan melakukan peningkatan Modal Manusia KPS melalui proses-proses pemberdayaan yang tepat., Social Forestry is a forest management system carried out by individuals, communities, or groups, on state land, communal land, customary land, or private land (individuals/households) to meet the needs of individuals/households and communities and is cultivated commercially or simply for subsistence. The Community Forestry or Social Forestry program began in the late 1970s when concerns over increasing deforestation rates raised questions about state control and its capacity to sustainably manage and protect forest resources. Poor communities around forests, overlapping forest areas, and deforestation are problems that will be resolved through Social Forestry as the government's goals through the Social Forestry program are: 1). can reduce the poverty rate of communities around the forest; 2). can provide legal access to forest area management; and 3). improve forest conditions. Previous studies have not paid attention to the factors that influence the success of empowerment in Social Forestry Groups (KPS). The research objective are to explain the relationship between KPS capital and facilitator capital and the empowerment processes carried out by the facilitator on KPS empowerment; and to develop a model of empowerment strategy for Social Forestry Groups The research was conducted on seven Social Forestry Groups in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province and eight KPS in Pulang Pisau Regency, one KPS in Palangkaraya Regency, Central Kalimantan Province which were selected purposively. For each KPS, 30 KPS members were selected as
Keyword: Social Forestry Group, Social Forestry Grop Capital, Facilitator Capital, Community Empowerment Strategy

Judul: Evaluation of Social Forestry Programs in Protected Forest Areas: A Case Study of HKm Kalibiru in the Kulon Progo District
Abstrak: Perhutanan Sosial adalah sistem pengelolaan hutan lestari yang dilaksanakan oleh masyarakat setempat untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, keseimbangan lingkungan, dan dinamika sosial budaya. Program ini juga dikaitkan dengan upaya pencapaian Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan (Sustainable Development Goals/SDGs) sebagai bentuk kontribusi Indonesia sebagai warga global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi program Perhutanan Sosial terhadap tercapainya tiga tujuan utama yaitu secara sosial, ekologi dan ekonomi. Pengambilan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam secara online dan studi dokumen. Penelitian dilakukan pada Perhutanan Sosial pola Hutan Kemasyarakatan (HKm) di kawasan Hutan Lindung Kulon Progo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 1) dengan adanya program Perhutanan Sosial, masyarakat bisa guyub dan merencanakan tata kelola hutannya karena adanya organisasi dan aturan main yang inovatif; 2) dampak Perhutanan Sosial secara ekologi mendorong masyarakat untuk menjadikan kawasan HKm Kalibiru tetap tumbuh dan lestari dengan melakukan konservasi, perlindungan dan pengamanan hutan; 3) dampak program Perhutanan Sosial secara ekonomi meningkatkan pendapatan ekonomi masyarakat dan menyerap banyak tenaga kerja. Setelah mengikuti Perhutanan Sosial, pendapatan masyarakat di HKm Kalibiru meningkat sekitar 85%. Bila pada era sebelum Perhutanan Sosial, pendapatan petani sebesar Rp. 800.000 per bulan; maka pada era dengan Perhutanan Sosial pendapatan meningkat menjadi Rp 2.000.000 per bulan., Social Forestry is sustainable forest management system implemented by local communities to increase community welfare, environmental balance and social cultural dynamics. This program is also associated with efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a form of Indonesia’s contribution as a global citizen. This study aimed to evaluate the Social Forestry program on the achievement of three main objectives: socially, ecologically, and economically. By online interviews and document studies, this study was conducted at the Social Forestry area in the Community Forest scheme located at Protected Forest of Kulon Progo. The results showed that the impacts of the Social Forestry program were 1) the community can work together and plan their forest management by the innovative organization and rules; 2) it encourages the community to keep the HKm Kalibiru area growing and sustainable by conserving, protecting and securing the forest; 3) it increase people’s economic income and absorb a lot of workers. After participating in Social Forestry, people’s income in HKm Kalibiru increased around 85%. Before the Social Forestry, people’s income was Rp 800.000 per month; after the Social Forestry income increased to Rp 2.000.000 per month.
Keyword: ecology, economy, institutional, social forestry

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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