Judul: Persamaan Matematika untuk Struktur Tegakan Horizontal Hutan Mangrove di Pantai Timur Kota Surabaya
Abstrak: Mangrove forest is one of the coastal ecosystems which have important roles in development and management of East Coast Surabaya so information about species and stand structure of the mangrove forest are needed. The purpose of this study is arranging mathematic equation for horizontal stand structure which describe horizontal stand structure according dominant species and stand conditions, includes undisturbed natural stand, disturbed natural stand, and unnatural stand. Data was collected from 10  10 m sample plot and selected by purposive sampling. Composing and analyzing of mathematic equation used negative exponential function N = N0e-kD. Undisturbed natural stand and unnatural stand which dominated by api-api (genus Avicennia) specieses have high density, composed by large numbers of small diameter trees, and a sharp decline number of larger diameter trees. Instead, the trees distribution of undisturbed natural stand dominated by bogem (Sonneratia caseolaris) are proportioned enough but it has less regeneration, a low density, and the ability of natural regeneration is relatively slow.
Keyword: horizontal stand structure, mangrove

Judul: Komposisi Jenis dan Persamaan Matematika untuk Struktur Tegakan Horizontal Hutan Rakyat di Desa Kalimendong
Abstrak: Stand structure can be used to identify the plantation characteristic. That is important for determining treatment of silviculture. This research purpose is to find out the information of mathematic equation in every private community forest in Kalimendong Village. This research was conducted in Kalimendong Village, Wonosobo Distrct in May 2014 (2 weeks). Data was collected using census method, where the measurement was done in every stands on private lands. Processed data was confined to dominating stands which is Sengon with 519 Sengon trees. Sengon’s variables is diameter and basal area presented in histogram. In order to explain more about stands distribution, data analyzed using normal distribution function. The result showed that the mathematic equation in every private land can be accepted with coefficient of determination (R²) more than 0.5 and p-value less than 0.05. Distribution form obtained from this research is polynomial function and negative exponential. Plantation characteristic specifically known from inverted bell curve but Sutarman and Waluyo land has inverted ‘’J’’ c
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), stands structure, mathematic equation

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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