Judul: Sifat Fisik, Sifat Kimia, Jumlah Sel Somatik dan Kualitas Mikrobiologis Susu Kambing Kaligesing di Cordero Farm
Abstrak: Producers and consumers are both becoming increasingly interested in goat’s milk. Consumers are attracted by its high digestibility, low allergenicity and beneficial chemical composition, more similar to human than to cow’s milk. Producers are attracted by the hope of easier access to the market of goat than of cow’s milk, production of the latter being restricted by low productivity, as well as by the possibility of making luxury products sold at increased prices. Popular dairy goat inIndonesia is Ettawa Grade (PE), one of popular strain is Kaligesing. Research on goat milk quality in Indonesia especially Kaligesing goat milk is very limited. This research important for consideration in the preparation of goat milk quality standards in Indonesia. Lactation Kaligesing does were selected from herd in Cordero Farm to determine variations of milk somatic cell counts (SCC), physco-chemical properties and microbiological quality. Individual milk samples were collected daily from morning and evening milking. Milk samples were analyzed for SCC using a breed method and for physco-chemical characteristics using milk analyzer. The conventional bacteriological method for bacterial isolation and the indirect test (IPB-1 Test) for determining udder inflammation status were employed. Daily milk production increased after parturition (1-2 weeks in lactation) and then decreased gradually as lactation advanced.Goats reached their peak milk production (2.07±0.63 L/doe per day) in approximately 2 weeks after parturition. Milk from the herd had high fat, SNF and protein contents and it can be classified as premium quality. Fat, SNF, protein, lactose, density and freezing point of Kaligesing goat relatively constant from 2 weeks of lactation to the end of lactation. IPB-1 test reaction did not effect physco-chemical properties of goat milk (P>0.05), except for pH (IPB-1 test reaction Normal higher than IPB-1 test reaction +3). Over all, 36.36% of milk samples contained more than 1.0 x l06 SCC ml-1, the legal limit for Grade A goat milk or classified as standard quality. As much as 50.65% milk samples classified as premium quality which contained less than 7.0 x 105 SCC ml-1 and 12.99% of milk samples classified as good quality which contained 7.0 x 105-1.0 x 106 SCC ml-1. Milk samples which had IPB-1 reaction +2 and +3 exceeded the maximum limit of total plate count (TPC) and Staphylococcus aureus. Milk samples which had IPB-1 reaction neutral, trace and +1 on mastitis test can be classified as premium quality with TPC <5.0 x104 ml-1. Total number of coliform bacteria for milk samples, except for samples with mastitis which had IPB-1 reaction +3 on mastitis test did not exceed 103 ml-1, maximum limit of coliform contamination.
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Judul: Produksi dan kualitas susu kambing peranakan etawah (PE) pada kondisi tatalaksana yang berbeda
Abstrak: Milk production of goat influenced by breed, genetic, age and rearing management. In Indonesian breed, genetic and age of goats among dairy goat farm are almost the same, but the rearing management varied any the farm. Therefore it was needed to know effect of rearing management on milk production of using goat. A study was done for 2 month to observe effect of rearing management on milk production of Etawah grade goat at 4 dairy goat farms. The data were then analyzed using t – test for comparing the farms (Cordero : A, 700 m above sea level, Prima Fit : B, 350 m, Mr. Purwadi : C, 300 m and PT Gizi Dewata Utama : D, 500 m). The forage : concentrate ratios at each farm were 36 : 64, 40 : 60, 50 : 50 and 64 : 36 for A, B , C and D, respectively. From the results it was concludec that the best farms was D fam that had highest milk production dan best milk quality.
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Judul: Pemanasan Sekunder Reaksi Fusi Plasma dengan Menggunakan Radio Frequency
Abstrak: Plasma merupakan bentuk ke-empat dari materi setelah padat, cair dan gas yang terbentuk dari proses ionisasi gas. Plasma dapat digunakan dalam reaksi fusi, yaitu reaksi penggabungan dua inti atom ringan menjadi inti atom yang lebih berat sambil melepaskan energi. Untuk mendapatkan energi dari reaksi fusi, inti yang akan direaksikan harus dipanaskan pada temperatur yang sangat ekstrem tingginya. Salah satu cara agar dapat mencapai kondisi ini adalah memberikan pemanasan tambahan atau pemanasan sekunder kepada plasma dalam reaksi fusi tersebut. Nilai daya serap rata-rata ion Deuterium yang sesuai dengan selang nilai daya dari data ITER adalah daya yang menggunakan frekuensi 50 MHz sampai dengan 60 MHz. Dengan menggunakan frekuensi 60 Hz diperoleh nilai daya rata-rata yang diserap sebesar 1,235.10-12 W.
Keyword: gelombang radio, pemanasan sekunder, plasma, reaksi fusi