Judul: Produktivitas dan Biaya Penyaradan dengan Teknik Winching dan Tanpa Winching pada Track Skidder CAT527 (Studi Kasus di IUPHHK-HA PT Intrado Jaya Intiga).
Abstrak: Penyaradan merupakan kegiatan yang sangat berpengaruh dalam proses pemanenan, tanpa penyaradan kayu yang ada akan sulit untuk dikeluarkan dari dalam hutan. Indikator keberhasilan pemanenan kayu dipengaruhi oleh faktor kondisi alat, teknik penyaradan, kondisi lapang, dan biaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menghitung produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan dua teknik dan kemiringan yang berbeda, serta menghitung dan menganalisis besarnya biaya kegiatan tersebut. Produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan traktor Track Skidder CAT527 dengan teknik winching secara keseluruhan memiliki nilai produktivitas lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan tanpa teknik winching pada berbagai kelas kelerengan. Pada kelerengan datar (0-8%) diperoleh nilai sebesar 19.2 m3/jam berbanding dengan 20.15 m3/jam pada kelerengan sedang (8-15%) diperoleh sebesar 20.36 m3/jam berbanding dengan 18.67 m3/jam, pada kelerengan agak curam (15-25%) diperoleh nilai sebesar 21.1 m3/jam dengan 18.7 m3/jam sedangkan pada kelerengan curam (25-45%) diperoleh nilai produktivitas sebesar 26.91 m3/jam berbanding dengan 19.5 m3/jam. Serta biaya rata-rata penyaradan dengan winching sebesar Rp 56 473/m3 dan tanpa winching sebesar Rp 58 124/m3.
Keyword: biaya, sarad, produktivitas, winching

Judul: Cost and Productivity of Wood Skidding Techniques Using Mounted Winch on Used Hardtop in KPH Ciamis
Abstrak: Biaya operasi penyaradan merupakan faktor penting pada pemanenan hutan dengan kondisi topografi yang sulit dan curam. Derek yang terpasang pada hardtop dapat digunakan sebagai alat untuk memindahkan kayu dari tunggak ke TPn. Tujuan penelitian adalah menghitung biaya dan produktivitas penyaradan kayu dengan menggunakan derek yang dipasang pada hardtop bekas. Penentuan produktivitas melalui volume dan waktu kerja yang dihasilkan tiap siklusnya. Sementara data biaya didapatkan dari hasil wawancara dengan operator sarad untuk menentukan biaya tetap dan biaya variabel. Produktivitas rata-rata penyaradan tiap setting adalah 10,39 m3/jam dengan volume dan waktu kerja ratarata per siklus sebesar 16,84 m3 dan 1,69 jam. Adapun rata-rata jarak sarad yang ditempuh sebesar 56 m. Biaya rata-rata penyaradan sebesar Rp 9.145,21 /m3. Besarnya hasil produktivitas dan biaya penyaradan dipengaruhi oleh volume kayu yang disarad, jarak sarad, dan waktu kerja penyaradan. Di samping itu, pemilihan alat sarad yang tepat menjadi faktor penting dalam kegiatan penyaradan agar hasil yang diperoleh lebih efektif dan efisien., The cost of forest harvesting operations is essential in forested areas with difficult and steep topographic conditions. A winch attached to a hardtop can be used as an effective tool to move wood from arrears to TPn. The study aimed to calculate the cost and productivity of wood skidding using a crane mounted on a used hardtop. Determination of productivity through the volume and time of work produced each cycle. Meanwhile, costs are obtained from operator interview results to determine fixed and variable costs. The average productivity of skidding all trees is 10,39 m3 / hour with average volume and working time of 16,84 m3 and 1,69 hours. The average distance travelled is 56 m. The average cost of skidding is Rp 9.145,21/m3. The amount of productivity yield and skidding cost is influenced by the volume of wood being slipped, the distance of the skidding, and the skidding work time. In addition, selecting the right sarad tool is an essential factor in skidding activities to make the results more effective and efficient.
Keyword: Biaya, Derek, Penyaradan, Produktivitas

Judul: Molecular Identification of Mutant Candidate of Gα Gene from Soybean cv. Slamet Based on mRNA
Abstrak: Heterotrimeric G proteins composed of a, ß, and . subunits, are bound to the inside surface of the cell membrane. Ga proteins will be activated by extracellular stimuli (biotic or abiotic stress). It is presumably Ga proteins playing an important role in aluminum (Al)-stress tolerance. Soybean cv. Slamet was considered as a tolerant plant to Al and has a single copy of Ga gene. Gamma irradiation to soybean cv. Slamet seeds caused a random chromosomal mutation of second generation plants (designated as M2). The Ga mutant candidates were selected based on stomatal closure in the daylight and dwarf. Ga mutant candidates M4, number 338 and 103 have severe root cell tissues damage compared to non mutant ones. Plant number 338/3S1.174/12/14 (M4) and 103/3S3.103/8/5/1/4 (M5) have a Ga gene mutation at the U3-L4 sequences (exon 5 – exon 11). Whereas, plant number 344/3S1.196/14/1/8 (M4) is assumed as Ga gene mutant. All of those plants were replanted until sixth generation. The candidates of Ga mutant selected have more than fifty percent of closed stomata and dwarf. Four number of M5 plants and three number of M6 plants were selected for Ga mutant identification based on mRNA analysis. The fifth generation plant number 344/3S1.196/14/1/8/7 were decreased its Ga gene expression at L5-L4 sequences (exon 7 – exon 11). The M6 generation plant number 344/3S1.196/14/1/8/7/5 have mutation in Ga gene at L1-L3 sequences (exon 2 – exon 6). A major contributing factor to decreased expression levels of Ga gene may be due to mutation of Ga gene promotor. Three other of M5 plants were assumed as Ga mutant. M6 plant number 103/3S3.103/8/5/1/4/8 has mutation at L3-L2 sequences (exon 6 – exon 15) and number 103/3S3.103/8/5/1/4/9 has mutation at U3-L4 sequences (exon 5 – exon 11). The decreasing of gene expression caused by mutation in those plants was indicated by the less pronounced DNA bands on agarose gel than that of non mutant plants.
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