Judul: Comparison of Physical Characteristics, Sensory, and Nutritional Content of Grasshopper Analog Meat (Valanga nigricornis) Abdominal and Whole Parts
Abstrak: Jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang besar diikuti dengan peningkatan food demand menyebabkan terjadinya supply gap kebutuhan dan ketersediaan makanan, terutama protein. Indonesia menjadi penghasil karbon terbesar keenam di dunia dengan 61% kontribusi dari emisi perubahan penggunaan lahan dan 9% dari pertanian. Hal tersebut menjadi urgensi perlunya pemanfaatan protein alternatif yang berkelanjutan lingkungan, seperti belalang. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan formula daging analog belalang bagian perut dan utuh yang terdiri dari tahapan formulasi, uji karakteristik fisik, sensori, dan analisis zat gizi. Daging analog dikembangkan dengan tiga formula menggunakan persentase belalang:kacang merah sebesar F1 (0%:35), F2 (30%:5%) dengan belalang bagian perut, dan F3 (30%:5%) dengan belalang utuh. Belalang utuh dan F3 memiliki kadar protein dan mineral lebih tinggi daripada belalang bagian perut dan F2. Perlakuan F2 memiliki skor PDCAAS tertinggi, yaitu 68,85. Formula terpilih adalah F2 dengan karakteristik fisik dan sensori yang lebih unggul serta skor PDCAAS tertinggi. Satu takaran saji (50 g) mengandung 103 kkal energi; 30,5 g protein; 2,56 g lemak; 0,18 g lemak jenuh, 7,47 mg kolesterol yang memenuhi kontribusi sebesar 4,6% energi, 21,5% protein; 4,1% lemak orang dewasa. Daging analog F2 dengan belalang bagian perut memenuhi klaim pangan tinggi protein, sangat rendah natrium, dan rendah lemak jenuh., Indonesia's large population followed by an increase in food demand has made a gap in the supply and availability of food, especially protein. Indonesia is also the sixth largest carbon emitter in the world with 61% contribution from land use change emissions and 9% from agriculture. This becomes the urgency to utilize alternative proteins that are environmentally sustainable, such as grasshoppers. It leads to the urgency of utilizing alternative proteins, such as grasshoppers. This study aims to compare the abdominal and whole grasshopper meat analog consisting of formulation stages, physical characteristics test, sensory, and nutrient analysis. Meat analog was developed with three formulas using the grasshopper:kidney bean percentage of F1 (0%:35), F2 (30%:5%), and F3 (30%:5%). F2 treatment used abdominal part of grasshopper and F3 used whole grasshopper. Whole grasshopper and F3 have higher protein and mineral content than abdominal part of grasshopper and F2. The F2 treatment had the highest PDCAAS score, which was 68.85. The selected formula was F2 with better physical and sensory characteristics and the highest PDCAAS score. One serving size (50 g) contained 103 kcal of energy; 30.5 g of protein; 2.56 g of fat; 0.18 g of saturated fat, 7.47 mg of cholesterol which meets the contribution of 4.6% energy, 21.5% protein; 4.1% fat of adults. Meat analog F2 (abdominal grasshopper) is able to fulfill the food claims of high protein, very low sodium, and low saturated fat.
Keyword: Amino acid, Meat analog, Grasshopper, Sustainable protein

Judul: Comparison of Physical Characteristics, Sensory, and Nutritional Content of Grasshopper Analog Meat (Valanga nigricornis) Abdominal and Whole Parts
Abstrak: Jumlah penduduk Indonesia yang besar diikuti dengan peningkatan food demand menyebabkan terjadinya supply gap kebutuhan dan ketersediaan makanan, terutama protein. Indonesia menjadi penghasil karbon terbesar keenam di dunia dengan 61% kontribusi dari emisi perubahan penggunaan lahan dan 9% dari pertanian. Hal tersebut menjadi urgensi perlunya pemanfaatan protein alternatif yang berkelanjutan lingkungan, seperti belalang. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan formula daging analog belalang bagian perut dan utuh yang terdiri dari tahapan formulasi, uji karakteristik fisik, sensori, dan analisis zat gizi. Daging analog dikembangkan dengan tiga formula menggunakan persentase belalang:kacang merah sebesar F1 (0%:35), F2 (30%:5%) dengan belalang bagian perut, dan F3 (30%:5%) dengan belalang utuh. Belalang utuh dan F3 memiliki kadar protein dan mineral lebih tinggi daripada belalang bagian perut dan F2. Perlakuan F2 memiliki skor PDCAAS tertinggi, yaitu 68,85. Formula terpilih adalah F2 dengan karakteristik fisik dan sensori yang lebih unggul serta skor PDCAAS tertinggi. Satu takaran saji (50 g) mengandung 103 kkal energi; 30,5 g protein; 2,56 g lemak; 0,18 g lemak jenuh, 7,47 mg kolesterol yang memenuhi kontribusi sebesar 4,6% energi, 21,5% protein; 4,1% lemak orang dewasa. Daging analog F2 dengan belalang bagian perut memenuhi klaim pangan tinggi protein, sangat rendah natrium, dan rendah lemak jenuh., Indonesia's large population followed by an increase in food demand has made a gap in the supply and availability of food, especially protein. Indonesia is also the sixth largest carbon emitter in the world with 61% contribution from land use change emissions and 9% from agriculture. This becomes the urgency to utilize alternative proteins that are environmentally sustainable, such as grasshoppers. It leads to the urgency of utilizing alternative proteins, such as grasshoppers. This study aims to compare the abdominal and whole grasshopper meat analog consisting of formulation stages, physical characteristics test, sensory, and nutrient analysis. Meat analog was developed with three formulas using the grasshopper:kidney bean percentage of F1 (0%:35), F2 (30%:5%), and F3 (30%:5%). F2 treatment used abdominal part of grasshopper and F3 used whole grasshopper. Whole grasshopper and F3 have higher protein and mineral content than abdominal part of grasshopper and F2. The F2 treatment had the highest PDCAAS score, which was 68.85. The selected formula was F2 with better physical and sensory characteristics and the highest PDCAAS score. One serving size (50 g) contained 103 kcal of energy; 30.5 g of protein; 2.56 g of fat; 0.18 g of saturated fat, 7.47 mg of cholesterol which meets the contribution of 4.6% energy, 21.5% protein; 4.1% fat of adults. Meat analog F2 (abdominal grasshopper) is able to fulfill the food claims of high protein, very low sodium, and low saturated fat.
Keyword: Amino acid, Meat analog, Grasshopper, Sustainable protein

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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