Judul: Penentuan Premi Tahunan dan Cadangan Manfaat Asuransi Jiwa Joint Life Seumur Hidup dengan Model Copula Clayton
Abstrak: Asuransi jiwa joint life seumur hidup adalah asuransi jiwa yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih orang tertanggung, di mana pembayaran premi akan berhenti ketika terjadi kematian pertama dari salah satu peserta yang terdaftar dalam polis asuransi. Risiko kematian pasangan suami istri berpengaruh dalam menentukan besaran premi tahunan dan cadangan manfaat dari asuransi jiwa joint life seumur hidup. Biasanya, risiko kematian pasangan suami istri tersebut sering diasumsikan saling bebas, namun kenyataannya saling berpengaruh. Pada karya ilmiah ini, dilakukan penghitungan premi tahunan dan cadangan manfaat dari asuransi jiwa joint life seumur hidup bagi pasangan suami istri dengan asumsi kebebasan mortalitas dan asumsi ketidakbebasan mortalitas menggunakan model copula Clayton. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, premi tahunan yang dihitung menggunakan model kebebasan mortalitas lebih besar dibandingkan model ketidakbebasan mortalitas copula Clayton. Begitu pula pada cadangan manfaat, cadangan yang dihitung menggunakan model kebebasan mortalitas lebih besar dibandingkan model ketidakbebasan mortalitas copula Clayton., Joint life insurance for life is life insurance consisting of two or more insured people, where premium payments will stop when the first death of one of the participants registered in the insurance policy occurs. The risk of death of a husband and wife has an effect on determining the amount of annual premiums and the benefit reserves of joint life insurance for life. Usually, the risk of death for a husband and wife is often assumed to be independent, but in reality they influence each other. In this scientific work, the calculation of the annual premium and benefit reserve from joint life insurance for life for married couples with the assumption of mortality freedom and the assumption of non-mortality freedom uses the Clayton copula model. Based on the calculation results, the annual premium calculated using the mortality free model is greater than the Clayton copula mortality non-free model. Likewise for the benefit reserve, the reserve calculated using the mortality-free model is greater than the Clayton's copula mortality-free model.
Keyword: Clayton copula, gross benefit reserves, gross premiums, joint life insurance, net benefit reserves, net premiums

Judul: Calculation of Annual Premiums and Benefit Reserves in Last Survivor Life Insurance using Joe and Clayton Copula Models
Abstrak: Asuransi jiwa last survivor merupakan asuransi yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih orang tertanggung, di mana pembayaran premi akan berakhir ketika terjadi kematian terakhir peserta polis asuransi. Risiko kematian peserta polis asuransi tersebut berpengaruh dalam menentukan besaran premi tahunan dan cadangan manfaat asuransi. Biasanya, risiko kematian pasangan suami istri peserta polis asuransi dianggap saling bebas, namun pada kenyataannya saling berpengaruh. Pada karya ilmiah ini, dilakukan penghitungan premi tahunan dan cadangan manfaat dari asuransi jiwa seumur hidup last survivor untuk pasangan suami istri menggunakan model kebebasan mortalitas dan model ketidakbebasan mortalitas Joe copula dan Clayton copula. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, premi tahunan yang dihitung menggunakan model kebebasan mortalitas lebih kecil dibanding menggunakan model ketidakbebasan mortalitas. Begitu pun pada cadangan manfaat, cadangan yang dihitung menggunakan model kebebasan mortalitas lebih kecil dibanding menggunakan model ketidakbebasan mortalitas., Last survivor life insurance is a form of insurance which covers two or more insured persons, in which the premium payment will end when the last person of policyholders dies. The risk of death from policyholders has an effect on determining the amount of annual premiums and benefit reserves from the insurance. Usually, the death risk of married couples are considered to be independent, but in reality are interdependent. On this scientific paper, annual premiums and benefit reserves of last survivor life insurance for married couples are calculated using independent mortality model and interdependent mortality models of Joe copula dan Clayton copula. Based on the calculation results, annual premiums calculated using independent mortality model are smaller in value than the ones using interdependent mortality models. As well as benefit reserves, the benefit reserves calculated using independent mortality model are smaller in value than the ones using interdependent models.
Keyword: Clayton copula, Joe copula, last survivor, life insurance

Judul: Identifikasi Isolat Bakteri Tahan Krom(VI) dan Pengujian Aktivitas Enzim Krom(VI) Reduktase
Abstrak: Cr(VI) (chromate) is a toxic, soluble environmental contaminant. A Gram-negative, Cr(VI)-resistant bacterium, has been isolated from effluent of electroplating wastewater treatment reactor. This strain had maximum identity value as high as 96% to Ralstonia pickettii and Ralstonia sp. M2S3. This value indicated that the strain was a species of Ralstonia genera. Because of this reason, the strain was designated as Ralstonia sp. Cr6NS. Ralstonia sp. Cr6NS was able to grow aerobically in 250 ppm Cr(VI) and had Cr(VI) reducing-capacity as high as 4,11 x 10-8μg Cr(VI)/hour/cell. From the study of enzymatic activity, Ralstonia sp. Cr6NS showed the activity of Cr(VI)-reductase both in periplasmic and sitoplasmic content. The highest activity was found in periplasmic matrix. However, the strain seemed not secreting this enzyme to the external medium.
Keyword: