Judul: Aktivitas Makan, Kuantitas dan Kualitas Pakan Pada Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus) yang Diberi Berbagai Jenis Pakan di Taman Safari Indonesia
Abstrak: Proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus) are primate that live in groups on trees and consume leaves. The consumption of leaves is done by proboscis monkeys in their feeding activities. The feeding activities of proboscis monkeys relates to the fulfillment of their daily energy. The energy is needed for the continuity of the group existence. The feeding activities of proboscis monkeys have several activities. They are observing, taking, checking, processing, biting, chewing, ingesting, pulling out the feed from their mouth and disposing the feed. The quantity of food that consumed determines the sufficience amount of nutrient needed. This study aimed to assess the feeding activities, the feed quantity and the quality of proboscis monkeys (N. larvatus) which are given many kinds of food items in Taman Safari Indonesia. The data collection for the feeding activities was performed using ad libitum and focal animal sampling methods. The feeding activities were observed for 46 days since June until July 2009, 6 hours a day with total of 276 hours observations. The percentages of the eating activities of Boki (the adult male), Ayu and Chintya (the adult females) and Kia, Nakula, Pretty (the infants) were 34,15%, 29,92%, 30,91%, 11,13%, 7,69%, and 7,36% respectively. The chewing and pulling out the feed from their mouth on adult male, adult females and infants were the largest and the smallest percentage of the feeding activities (57,14%, 60,31%, 63,71%) and (1,55%, 2,47%, 1,95%). While, the adult male revealed the greatest percentage of regurgitation (57,06%). Proboscis monkeys have good palatability in type of bean. The result of the study revealed that the monkeys have sufficient dry matter and protein consumption (48,82 g/BB/h, 89 g/BB/h and 5,76 g/BB/h, 10,50 g/BB/h), but less for fat and energy (1,06 g/BB/h, 2 g/BB/h and 115,88 kkal/BB/h, 211 kkal/BB/h), while nutrient recommended.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Ruang oleh Bekantan (Nasalis larvatus Wunnb) pada Habitat Terisolasi di Kuala Samboja, Kalimantan Timur
Abstrak: Proboscis monkeys (Nasalis larvatus Wurmb) is an endemic primate species to the island of Borneo and has been classified as endangered species by IUCN. Fourty percent of this habitat has been lost and only 4.1% of this habitat occurs within designated conservation areas. Kuala Samboja River is an unprotected habitat of proboscis monkey. This area was narrow, isolated, and fragmented. The objectives of the research were to obtain habitat conditions, population, food source, and space use. Data were collected through vegetation analysis by line-plot sampling method, activity budget and use of space by instantaneous sampling method, whereas food sources by individual activity records of feeding (IARF) method. The groups were observed were Stan, Zacky, and Raja. The results of this study showed that the community of habitat are dominated by Sonneratia caseolaris, Cerbera manghas, Vitex pinnata, and Elaeocarpus stipularis. Twenty one of plant species were found as food sources, five of those were preferred i.e. S. caseolaris, V. pinnata, Deris sp., Hevea braziliensis, and Avicenia cf. officinalis. The population of proboscis monkey more than 143 monkeys, 98 monkeys divided to 9 groups (6 one-male groups, 3 all-male groups), whereas 45 monkeys unidentified. Generally, the monkeys spent more time for feeding in the morning and afternoon and resting in noonday. Feeding and moving activity of female greater than male but resting was lesser, whereas social activity was done by female only. Each mean daily range groups were 289 m (Stan), 260 m (Zacky), and 449 m (Raja), while home range size were 4.92, 4.52, and 6.92 ha, respectively. The groups of Stan, Zacky and Raja spent most of their time at heights of 9-12 m, 0-6 m, and 3-9 m, respectively. Use of canopy stratum influence by habitat conditions, temperature, blown of wind, and predators.
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Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition