Judul: Pound Sterling Exchange Rate Volatility and  Its Effect on Indonesian Cocoa Exports
Abstrak: Kakao dan olahannya merupakan komoditi unggulan yang dihasilkan oleh Indonesia dan memiliki prospek yang menjanjikan. Hal ini ditunjukan oleh kakao yang merupakan salah satu penyumbang terbesar ekspor pertanian dengan kontribusi sebesar 30.2 persen dari ekspor pertanian. Indonesia sendiri sudah mulai mengekspor kakao dalam bentuk olahan agar meningkatkan nilai tambah yang dihasilkan oleh kakao. Harga kakao di pasar internasional itu sendiri salah satunya diperjualbelikan menggunakan mata uang pound sterling selain US dollar. Penyebabnya dikarenakan kakao diperdagangkan pada dua bursa dunia yaitu London (LIFFE -Pound) dan New York (ICE-USD). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat volatilitas nilai tukar pound sterling terhadap ekspor kakao Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji korelasi pearson untuk menganalisis adanya pergeseran struktur ekspor kakao yang semula barang mentah menjadi barang bernilai tambah dan ARCH GARCH serta regresi linier berganda (OLS) untuk menganalisis volatilitas serta dampak yang ditimbulkannya terhadap ekspor kakao Indonesia pada tahun 2011- 2020. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan terjadi perubahan pada struktur ekspor kakao Indonesia dari produk mentah menjadi produk bernilai tambah dan volatilitas pound sterling tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspor kakao Indonesia.
Keyword: ARCH-GARCH, kakao, OLS, Pearson, Volatilitas

Judul: Daya Saing dan Faktor - Faktor Yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Kakao Olahan Indonesia di Negara Tujuan Utama
Abstrak: Kakao merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor perkebunan Indonesia. Komoditas turunan kakao yaitu lemak kakao termasuk komoditi yang berkontribusi besar untuk perekonomian Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa daya saing dan faktor– faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor kakao olahan Indonesia dengan kode HS 1804 di negara tujuan utama. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sepuluh negara tujuan utama dengan periode 2013-2018. Regresi data panel, RCA dan EPD adalah metode analisis yang digunakan. Berdasarkan penelitan hasil Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) menunjukkan ekspor kakao olahan Indonesia berdaya saing kuat serta memiliki keunggulan komparatif di semua negara tujuan. Hasil analisis Export Product Dynamic (EPD) menggambarkan Amerika Serikat, Kanada, China, dan Estonia pada posisi Rising Star, posisi Falling Star yaitu Australia, Jepang, Belanda, India, dan Jerman. Posisi Retreat yaitu negara Malaysia. Model terbaik pada penelitian ini yaitu pendekatan Fixed Effect Model. Regresi data panel menggambarkan harga eskpor dan GDP riil negara tujuan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor kakao olahan Indonesia. Sedangkan nilai tukar riil berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai ekspor kakao olahan., Cocoa is Indonesia's leading plantation export commodity. Cocoa derivative commodity, namely cocoa butter, is one of the several strategic commodities that have a great opportunity for export. The aim of this research is to the analyze the competitiveness and the factors affecting Indonesia’s exports of processed cocoa with the HS code 1804 to the ten main destination countries. This study uses data from ten countries for the 2013- 2018 period. Panel data regression, RCA, and EPD are the analytical methods used. Based on the research, the results of the RCA show that Indonesia's processed cocoa exports are highly competitive and have a comparative advantage in all destination countries. The results of the EPD analysis describe that the United States, Canada, China, and Estonia in the Rising Star, Falling Star positions, Australia, Japan, the Netherlands, India and Germany. The position of the Retreat is Malaysia. The best model in this study is the Fixed Effect Model approach. Panel data regression shows that export prices and Real GDP of destination countries have a significant effect on the export value of Indonesian processed cocoa. Meanwhile, the real exchange rate have a negative effect on the export value of Indonesian processed cocoa.
Keyword: Cacao, EPD, Export, Panel Data, RCA

Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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