Judul: Identification of Sediment Fraction and Volume Backscattering Strength Values Using Single Beam Echosounder in  Wakatobi, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: Volume backscattering strength (SV) merupakan nilai intensitas kuat hamburbalik dari sekelompok single target (multi target). Nilai tersebut dapat digunakan dalam menduga jenis sedimen dengan menerapkan prinsip rambatan gelombang akustik yang nilai hamburbaliknya diintegrasi. Instrumen yang digunakan adalah Simrad EK-15 dengan frekuensi tinggi yaitu 200,00 kHz. Jenis sedimen dapat diduga menggunakan metode hidroakustik, dapat diidentifikasi berdasarkan fraksinasi sedimen dengan metode klasifikasi wentworth dan hasil coring sedalam 0,20 m. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, diketahui bahwa pada Stasiun 1 didominasi oleh coral massive, dan dari hasil klasifikasi fraksinasi pada ketiga stasiun lainnya diperoleh jenis sedimen berupa pasir berlanau, pasir kasar dengan butiran, dan pasir rubble. Hasil analisis data akustik yang diolah dengan threshold -36,00 dB. Diperoleh nilai hamburbalik -26,55 dB sampai -10,55 dB untuk E1 dan -47,61 dB sampai -13,82 dB untuk E2. Hasil dari hamburbalik dan persentase fraksi sedimen dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut menggunakan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Hubungan antar variabel memiliki nilai 85,20% dengan komponen F1 57,60% dan komponen F2 27,60%., Backscattering strength volume (SV) is the intensity value of the backscatter strength of a group of single targets (multi targets). This value can be used to estimate the type of sediment by applying the principle of acoustic wave propagation where the backscatter value is integrated. The instrument used was a Simrad EK-15 with a high frequency of 200,00 kHz. The type of sediment can be estimated using the hydroacoustic method, can also be identified based on sediment fractionation using the Wentworth classification method and coring results to a depth of 0.20 m. Based on the results of observations, it is known that at Station 1 it is dominated by massive coral, and from the results of the fractionation classification at the other three stations, the types of sediment obtained are silty sand, rough sand with granules, and rubble sand. Results of acoustic data analysis processed with a threshold of -36,00 dB. The backscatter values obtained were -26,55 dB to -10.55 dB for E1 and -47,61 dB to -13,82 dB for E2. The results of backscatter and percentage of sediment fraction were subjected to further analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The relationship between variables has a value of 85,20% with an F1 component of 57,60% and an F2 component of 27,60%.
Keyword: akustik, hamburbalik, PCA, sedimen, acoustic, backscattering, PCA, sedimen

Judul: Pengukuran Hambur Balik Akustik Dasar Laut di Sekitar Kepulauan Seribu Menggunakan Split Beam Echosounder.
Abstrak: The purpose of this research is to compute the backscattering strength of the seabed by measuring volume backscattering strength (SV), bottom surface backscattering strength (SS), and the echo level (EL) from seabed using split beam echosounder. The research was conducted from 29th January to 3rd February 2011, around the Seribu Islands: Pramuka island, Panggang island, Karya island and Semak Daun island, North Jakarta. Acquisition of acoustic data was conducted using the SIMRAD EY 60 instrument. Acoustic data obtained from 9 stations simultaneously with sediment sampling. Acoustic processing data was conducted by Rick Towler program with Matlab based. The SV and SS were analyzed Manik et al, model by using. Sediment sampling station consisted of 9 stations: Pramuka island there are 1 station (Station 1), Karya island there are 2 stations (Station 2, and Station 3), Panggang island there are 3 stations (Station 4, Station 7, Station 9), and Semak Daun island there are 3 stations (Station 5, Station 6, Station 8). Sediment classified based on the sediment texture. Seabed surface sediments were separated into 3 types, they are: sand, mud, and clay. This analysis showed that the location of the 9 stations observation is dominated by sand fraction with the percentage of 80.85%. Mud and clay fractions had the average percentage value of 18.32% and 0.83%, respectively. The backscattering value (SV) of sand substrate ranged -10.62 to -18.51 dB with the average of -13.91 dB, and the muddy sand substrate ranged from -16.58 to -25.42 dB with the average -20.57 dB. The value of SS for the sand substrate ranged from -20.70 to -28.58 dB with the average value of -23.98 dB. Muddy sand substrate has a value of SS in the range of -26.64 to -35.49 dB with the average SS of -30.64 dB, from this research, the classification of seabed type using hydroacoustic technology was possible.
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Judul: Gene Editing  of Two Cyanide Synthesis-related Genes in Cassava using CRISPR/Cas9
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) contain toxic quantities of cyanogenic glucoside. Reducing the potentially toxic cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava could be achieved by gene editing through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats – CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a high- precision genome editing technique in plants. Two cassava UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGT) paralogs, UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, are the genes catalyzing the synthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in plants. The study aimed to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant vector carrying single guide RNA (sgRNA) to edit UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 genes, and transform sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct into KU50 cassava calli. Five sgRNAs were designed, considering the on/off target efficiency score and GC content. Those sgRNAs were ligated into pRGEB32 plasmid and introduced to competent Escherichia coli DH5a. The PCR colony and DNA sequencing were performed to verify the sgRNA insert. The amplicons showed the expected band size of recombinant vector (180 bp). Based on sequencing results, only one sgRNA was successfully ligated into the plasmid that will be used to edit the UGT85K5 gene. The sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct in pRGEB32 plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into KU50 cassava calli through co-cultivation. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium occurred after the co-cultivation phase.
Keyword: CRISPR/Cas9, Cyanogenic glucoside, Gene editing, sgRNA