Judul: Formulasi, Enkapsulasi Dan Karakterisasi Nanoemulsi Ekstrak Kurkuminoid Berbasis Medium Chain Triglycerides (Mct)
Abstrak: Kurkuminoid merupakan sub-kelompok senyawa fenolik pada rimpang famili Zingiberaceae yang terbukti memiliki banyak aktivitas farmakologis, tetapi bioavabilitasnya rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu membuat nanoemulsi sebagai sistem penghantaran ekstrak kurkuminoid dengan metode emulsion inversion point yang berbasis Medium Chain Triglycerides (MCT), memformulasikan kadar Tween 80 selaku pengemulsi sehingga diperoleh nanoemulsi terbaik berdasarkan ukuran partikel, Indeks Polidispersitas (IP) dan potensial zeta serta melakukan enkapsulasi terhadap nanoemulsi terbaik menggunakan maltodekstrin dengan metode spray dry. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, formula A dengan kadar pengemulsi 50% memiliki ukuran partikel 234.2 nm, IP 0.2315 dan potensial zeta -37.9 dan dipilih sebagai formula terbaik untuk dienkapsulasi. Spray drying menghasilkan serbuk halus, tidak berbau dengan rendemen 47.19%. Serbuk enkapsulat memiliki karakteristik warna Yellow Red (YR) dengan nilai CIE L, a*, b* berturut-turut 67.33, +3.93, +73.94, kadar air 6.75%, aktivitas air (aw) 0.407 dan retensi minyak 88.6%. Morfologi permukaan kapsul berbentuk bulat seperti bola dengan permukaan yang halus dan ukuran bervariasi.
Keyword: enkapsulasi, kering hambur, kurkuminoid, MCT, nanoemulsi

Judul: Karakteristik Nanoemulsi Temulawak
Abstrak: Curcumin is the active compound that has many benefits for health, so the potential for development in the pharmaceutical. However, the development potential is limited by the natural characteristics of curcumin. Curcumin is known to have a low solubility in the gastrointestinal tract so it is relatively difficult to get into the blood plasma. In addition, curcumin also degraded easily by free radicals agent necessitating the addition of other antioxidants. One effort to overcome these problems is the manufacture nanokurkumin particles in the form of an emulsion (nanoemulsion). Nanoemulsion is made with high-speed homogenization method at 24 000 rpm for 40 minutes, in order to obtain a grain diameter of 32.62 ± 1.84 nm with a polydispersity index of 0255 ± 0013. Curcumin in preparation nanoemulsi have characteristics include bioavailability, solubility, and stability of droplet size. Nanoemulsion bioavailability test conducted by Franz diffusion method. Solvents used for the solubility test is hexane, water, ethanol, methanol, and acetone. Nanoemulsi droplet size stability tested by storage at 40C, room temperature and a temperature of 500C with a 90th day storage period. Curcumin in preparation nanoemulsi showed an increase absorption (bioavailability) of 45.97 % compared to the emulsion. In the solubility test changes the solubility of the preparations nanoemulsi than emulsion preparations in various solvents, suggesting a change in solubility characteristics. Nanoemulsi has the best solubility in ethanol with the percent dissolved at 96.74%. Nanoemulsi investigated have better stability than the emulsion preparation at various storage temperatures. Nanoemulsi ginger has better dimensional stability at 40C temperature storage with storage time of 60 days. The addition of citric acid (antioxidant) on nanoemulsi can inhibit decreased levels of curcumin.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), stability., bioavailability, nanoemulsion, curcumin, Temulawak

Judul: Socioeconomic and psychological variables influencing household debt
Abstrak: The overall objective of this study was to examine factors influencing total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. The study examined the impacts of both psychological (credit attitudes and perception of future income) and socioe- conomic variables on total debt, total debt payment and patterns of debt payments. A conceptual model for this study was developed by incorporating the theory of borrower risk, the economic and psychological economic theory of borrowing, and the results of previous studies. This model identifies socioeconomic and psycholog- ical variables that influence total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. Socioeconomic variables included in the model are gender, race, mari- tal status, employment status, household size, age, education, and household assets. Psychological variables are credit attitudes toward the use of credit, and perception of future income. This study used data from the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances. The survey was sponsored by the Federal Reserve in cooperation with some other federal agencies. Data for the survey were collected by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan between August 1989 and March 1990. dst ...
Keyword: Gender