Judul: Effect of Addition of Several Combinations of Growth Regulatory Substances (PGR) and Pre-Treatment Media on In Vitro Growth of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata Merr) Zygotic Embryos.
Abstrak: Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) merupakan famili Arecaceae yang tumbuh soliter. Tanaman ini memiliki tandan yang ditumbuhi oleh buah aren. Buah aren memiliki embrio yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan perbanyakan secara generatif. Perbanyakan bibit aren melalui embrio diharapkan dapat menghasilkan bibit secara cepat dan berkualitas. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melakukan evaluasi pengaruh pemberian kombinasi ZPT dan media pra perlakuan pada tanaman aren secara in vitro dalam petumbuhan dan perkembangan membentuk tunas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberiaan kombinasi ZPT dan penggunaan media pra perlakuan secara masing-masing berpengaruh dalam pertumbuhan embrio aren. Pemberian kombinasi terbaik dengan BAP 7,5 ppm + IAA 2 ppm menunjukkan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap kontrol dalam pertumbuhan kecambah embrio aren hingga membentuk tunas dan media tanpa pra perlakuan menunjukkan hasil terbaik dalam pertumbuhan embrio menjadi tunas. Pemberian ZPT dan pengunaan media pra perlakuan berpengaruh dalam pertumbuhan embrio aren., Aren (Arenga pinnata Merr) is a solitary growing family of Arecaceae. This plant has bunches overgrown with palm fruit. Palm fruit has an embryo that can be used as a generative propagation material. Propagation of palm seeds through embryos is expected to produce seeds quickly and with quality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of giving a combination of PGR and pre-treatment media on sugar palm plants in vitro on growth and development to form shoots. The results showed that the combination of PGR and the use of pre-treatment media each had an effect on the growth of sugar palm embryos. Giving the best combination with BAP 7.5 ppm + IAA 2 ppm showed a significant effect on control in the growth of sugar palm embryo sprouts to form shoots and media without pretreatment showed the best results in embryo growth into shoots. The administration of PGR and the use of pre-treatment media had an effect on the growth of sugar palm embryos.
Keyword: Embryo, in vitro, pre-treatment, sugar palm

Judul: Embryo rescue secara in vitro dan produksi bibit aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.).
Abstrak: Sugar palm is a member of Arecaceae (palmaceae) originated from Indo- Malayan archipelago. Sugar palm may have important position as biofuel producing crop. Hence, research and development of sugar palm need to be done. Availability of planting material is one of significant constraints to develop sugar palm for cultivation and breeding program. The main constraints of planting material (sugar palm seedlings) in Indonesia are the seed dormancy and the use of physiologically mature seed as planting material. Embryo rescue technique can be applied as a breakthrough to obtain sugar palm seedlings in a relatively short time. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate: 1) the effect of zygotic embryo age and basal medium composition on germination and development of rescued zygotic embryo of sugar palm, 2) the effect of pre-treatment and cytokinins and 3) the effect of PGR combination (auxin with or without cytokinin) in vitro embryo culture and seedlings production of sugar palm. In exp. 1, zygotic embryos isolated from immature and mature sugar palm fruit were cultured on Y3 or WPM medium without of plant growth regulators. In exp. 2. sub-unit 1, immature zygotic embryos with or without pre-treatment were cultured onto Y3 medium containing cytokinin in the form of coconut water (100, 150 and 200 ml/l) or BAP (5 ppm). In exp. 2. sub-unit 2, addition of NAA (1 or 5 ppm), kinetin (5 ppm), BAP (5 ppm), a combination of NAA (1 or 5 ppm)+kinetin (5 ppm), or NAA (1 or 5 ppm)+BAP (5 ppm) in Y3 medium for plantlet regeneration. The result showed that the viability and germination of immature zygotic embryo (92%) was better than the mature one (72%). On the other hand, the composition of the basal medium (Y3 or WPM) did not significantly affect embryo germination. Some of the culture zygotic embryo developed abnormal development of haustorium and cotyledonary petiole, at 32% and 26%, respectively. The percentage of planlets from zygotic embryo in this experiment range from 6%-25%. The results showed that cytokinin (coconut water or BAP) did not affect growth of the rescued zygotic embryo, whereas immature embryo with pretreatment led to the highest shoot and root formations, respectively. On the other hand, addition of PGR (auxin with or without cytokinin) showed positive effects on length of root from the zygotic embryos. A combination of NAA (5 ppm)+BAP (5 ppm) gave the highest number planlets. The plantlet of sugar palm were successfully regenerated from rescued embryos and transferred into soil.
Keyword: auxin, coconut water, cytokinin, embryo rescue and sugar palm

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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