Judul: Suatu Studi Analisa Unit-Unit Penagkapan Ikan di Perairan Pantai Selatan Jawa Sekitar Kabupaten Pacitan, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki laut teritorial seluas 6 840 000 2 km atau kira-kira 70% dari seluruh wilayah nasional Indonesia. Disamping itu Indonesia telah pula menyatakan pemilikan atas suatu wilayah laut yang dinamakan Zone Eksklusif Ekonomi (ZEE) seluas 4 085 200 km² (LEE (1975) dalam Koesoebiono (1981) (1). Angka tersebut menunjukkan betapa luasnya wilayah laut Indonesia dan merupakan pemilik tunggal dari semua sumberdaya hayati dan non hayati yang terdapat dibawah permukaan dasar laut, dipermukaan dasar laut maupun dalam kolom air diatas dasar laut¹). Perikanan laut adalah suatu usaha untuk mengeksploitasi benda yang hidup di dalam laut atau sumberdaya laut (ikan). M. Unar (1975) dalam Sukiyanto (1977)2), menyatakan kegunaan sumberdaya bagi suatu negara, mempunyai dua kegunaan yaitu untuk mencukupi kebutuhan protein hewani di bidang perikanan untuk rakyatnya dan sebagai sumber pen- dapatan negara (devisa negara). ...
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Judul: Analisis saluran pemasaran produk perikanan laut di DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Potensi perikanan laut Indonesia yang terdiri atas potensi perikanan pelagis dan perikanan demersal. Potensi tersebut tersebar pada hampir semua bagian perairan laut Indonesia yang meliputi perairan laut teritorial, perairan laut nusantara dan perairan laut Zona Ekonomi Eksklusif (ZEE). Luas perairan laut Indonesia diperkirakan sebesar 5,8 juta km² dengan garis pantai terpanjang di dunia sebesar 81.000 km dan gugusan pulau-pulau sebanyak 17.508 yang memiliki kekayaan akan potensi perikanan. Saat ini Indonesia menempati urutan keenam negara produsen ikan terbesar di dunia, setelah Cina, Peru, India, Jepang dan Amerika Serikat. Perhatian terhadap perikanan semakin besar, hal ini antara lain ditunjukkan oleh penetapan tahun 2004-2005 sebagai tahap persiapan memantapkan dasar gerakan perikanan nasional. Beberapa program yang akan dipilih untuk dikembangkan, di antaranya adalah industri tambak udang di Jawa Barat, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Sumatera Selatan. Kemudian, pengembangan usaha perikanan tangkap skala kecil di 30 provinsi serta penyelamatan nilai ekonomi illegal fishing sebesar 2-4 miliar dolar Amerika per tahun (Departemen Perikanan dan Kelautan, April 2004). ...
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Judul: Synthesis of Chicken Eggshells-Based β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics and Their Biocompatibility Test as A Tooth Filler
Abstrak: Preservation of alveolar bone following tooth extraction is an important step in dental practices before dental implant placement. This study reported synthesis of β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics and its biocompatibility test as a tooth filler to maintain the desired alveolar ridge dimension and stimulate the bone healing processes in the area of tooth loss. β-TCP bioceramics was resulted directly from precipitation of calcinated chicken eggshells as calcium source and phosphoric acid. The corresponding β-TCP was mixed with chitosan 2% to get β-TCP pellet for biocompatibility testing. Biocompatibility testing of β-TCP on lower incisor was performed in rabbits and sheep as animal model. In this study, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles showed that 1000 oC calcinated chicken eggshells correspond to calcium oxide (CaO). There was also transformation phase of CaO into Ca(OH)2 observed after more than three months stored. The XRD profiles proved that obtained β-TCP bioceramics by precipitation has the same pattern with that of reference data base and commercial β-TCP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were completely consistent with the result of crystallization processes observed by XRD measurements. Moreover, the purity of the product shown by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) resulted in Ca/P ratio of 1.48 which was closed to that of standard β-TCP ceramics. The repeatable XRD peaks patterns and FTIR spectra obviously showed the sample reproducibility. Sheep’s alveolar socket that is filled with the corresponding β-TCP demonstrated the expected results. The x-ray radiograph of sheep’s jaw indicated no change on mesio-distal of the edentulous area. Moreover, the histological results were completely consistent with the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic result which is proved by the formation of new bone. In the contrary with sheep’s result, histological results showed no tooth growth on rabbit proved by the presence of lipid and collagen on the extraction site. This result did not correspond to the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic results that demonstrated the tooth growth and erupted tooth. It is clear that the corresponding β-TCP could minimize the bone loss and maintain the dimension of alveolar ridge.
Keyword: β-tricalcium phosphate, chicken eggshells, rabbit, sheep, tooth filler