Judul: Eksplorasi dan Uji Potensi Nematoda Entomopatogen Heterorhabditis sp. terhadap Tenebrio molitor (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) secara In Vivo
Abstrak: Penggunaan insektisida sintetik mempunyai dampak negatif seperti pencemaran lingkungan, tertinggalnya residu pestisida, dan matinya beberapa musuh alami. Pentingnya pengendalian hayati akan terus bertambah pada saat sekarang ini. Terutama dalam pertanian berkelanjutan dan pengendalian hama yang ramah lingkungan. Upaya tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan menggali potensi organismeorganisme yang berasal dari lingkungan sekitar, antara lain nematoda entomopatogen (NEP) yang selanjutnya dimanfaatkan sebagai bioinsektisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengeksplorasi spesies-spesies nematoda entomopatogen yang efektif untuk pengendalian hama dengan menggunakan serangga uji Tenebrio molitor. Metode yang digunakan adalah: eksplorasi, identifikasi, dan uji efikasi. Eksplorasi dilakukan dengan menguji sampel tanah yang berasal dari wilayah Bogor dan Sukabumi. Setelah itu, uji efikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan lima tingkat konsentrasi JI (Juvenil Infektif) 200, 400, 800, 1600, 3200 JI/ml. Persentase mortalitas dihitung pada jam ke-24, 30, 36, 42, 48, 54, dan 60 setelah infestasi JI. Nematoda entomopatogen yang di peroleh dari hasil eksplorasi teridentifikasi sebagai genus Heterorhabditis sp. dengan kemampuan mematikan serangga Tenebrio molitor pada kisaran kerapatan dan waktu uji, yaitu sebesar 42.85 % mortalitas tergolong sangat efektif dengan berkisar antara 96.67-100.00%, 5.71% mortalitas tergolong efektif dengan berkisar antara 76.67-80.00%, 11.42% mortalitas tergolong cukup efektif dengan berkisar antara 60.00- 70.00%, 5.71% mortalitas tergolong agak efektif dengan berkisar antara 40.00-43.33%, 8.57% mortalitas tergolong kurang efektif dengan berkisar antara 30.00-36.67%, dan 28.57% mortalitas tergolong tidak efektif dengan berkisar antara 0.00-23.33%. Berdasarkan nilai lethal concentration (LC) dan lethal time (LT) pada tingkat 50.00 dan 95.00%, tingkat kerapatan 1600 dan 3200 JI/ml adalah paling efektif.
Keyword: efikasi, eksplorasi, nematoda entomopatogen, ramah lingkungan, Tenebrio molitor

Judul: Efikasi Nematoda Entomopatogen Heterorhabditis sp. dan Steinernema sp. Isolat Bogor Sebagai Bioinsektisida Terhadap Rayap Tanah Coptothermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae)
Abstrak: The subterranean termite, Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) is the most important wood destroying termites in many regions in Indonesia. Their infestation on buildings, agricultural crops, and forest trees has caused significant economic loses. Meanwhile termite control technology still depend on termiticide application, which cause negative effect to environment. On the other hand, entomopathogenic nematodes is one of agents potential bio-control in controlling subterranean termites without negative effect to environment. A research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis sp and Steinernema sp as a biological control agents against subterranean termites Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren in field test. Procedures of the research included the rearing of the entomopathogenic nematodes, both in-vivo and in-vitro, the evaluation of the nematodes toxicity against subterranean termites (LC50 and LT50) and field evaluation of entomopahogenic nematodes against subterranean termite at field. The mortality of termites was analysis with Completed Randomized Design and Tukey's Test. The effective deusity 600 IJ/ml of entomopathogenic nematodes Heterorhabditis sp and Steinernema sp caused 100% mortality of subterranean termites C. curvignathus. The LC50 value for the population of subterranean termites C. curvignathus for Steinernema sp was 322 IJ/ml and Heterorhabditis sp was 355 IJ/ml. The LT50 value for the population of subterranean termites C. curvignathus was 33,94 hours for Steinernema sp and was 34,90 hours Heterorhabditis sp. For the efficacy test, the mortality value of subterranean termites C. curvignathus caused by Steinernema sp and Heterorhabditis sp were 90,23 % and 85,65 % respectively. In field testing the mortality value of subterranean termites C. curvignathus caused by Steinernema sp and Heterorhabditis sp were 79,51 % and 94,40 % respectively. It is conclued that Steinernema sp and Heterorhabditis sp can be used as biological control against C. curvignathus.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4