Judul: Circular Economy Concept Design to
Support the Sustainability of the Palm Oil Industry
Abstrak: Agroindustri kelapa sawit di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan produktivitas yang berdampak pada tingginya produk samping dan limbah yang dihasilkan. Ketidakefektifan pengolahan limbah menuntut adanya penanganan yang lebih efisien dan berkelanjutan untuk mengurangi dampak buruk serta memaksimalkan nilai ekonomis dari limbah. Konsep penanganan limbah dapat didukung dengan penerapan ekonomi sirkular, yang tidak hanya mengurangi beban lingkungan tetapi juga memberikan manfaat ekonomi melalui penghematan energi dan bahan baku. Rancangan proses penanganan limbah yang diusulkan mencakup proses pirolisis pada suhu 300, Palm oil agroindustry in Indonesia continues to experience increased productivity, leading to higher by-products and waste generation. Ineffectiveness in waste processing necessitates more efficient and sustainable handling to mitigate adverse impacts and maximize economic value from waste. The waste management concept can be supported by implementing a circular economy approach, which not only reduces environmental burdens but also provides economic benefits through energy and raw material savings. The proposed waste management process design includes pyrolysis at 300
Keyword: ekonomi sirkular, keberlanjutan, dampak lingkungan, industri kelapa sawit, pengelolaan limbah

Judul: Process Design of Palm Oil Waste Conversion into Fertilizer in Framework of Circular Economy Implementation
Abstrak: Peningkatan produksi industri kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah yang terus meningkat, limbah utamanya berupa tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan palm oil mill effluent. Teknologi seperti elektrokoagulasi, pirolisis, dan adsorpsi digunakan untuk mengolah limbah ini, namun masih menghasilkan limbah akhir berupa sludge dan biochar jenuh. Penelitian ini fokus pada karakterisasi dan konversi limbah akhir kelapa sawit, yaitu sludge dan biochar jenuh menjadi pupuk organik. Dalam basis basah, Sludge memiliki pH 7,5, C-organik 43,36%, rasio C/N 9,403 dan unsur NPK 5,226%. Biochar jenuh memiliki pH 10, C-organik 75,13%, rasio C/N 2,968, NPK 23,898%, Mg 0,2%, K 0,6%, Ca 0,4%, Si 0,3%, dan Al 0,2%. Meski hampir seluruh kriteria pupuk organik terpenuhi, kadar air sludge 61,32% dan biochar jenuh 34,96% masih belum memenuhi dan memerlukan penanganan lebih lanjut. Pengolahan lanjutan melibatkan pengeringan dengan unit sludge drying bed dan bak pengeringan menggunakan rumah kaca dan solar system, dengan efisiensi pengeringan dalam 2,66 hari untuk sludge dan 18 jam untuk biochar jenuh. Solusi ini berpotensi menghasilkan 5390,18 ton/tahun pupuk organik dengan kadar air sludge 15.28% dan biochar 9,16% (basis basah), yang berpotensi menggantikan kebutuhan pupuk sintetis di PKS, berpotensi menjadi sumber pendapatan tambahan dari penjualan surplus pupuk, lapangan tenaga kerja baru, pemenuhan regulasi lingkungan, menutrisi tanaman, memperbaiki struktur tanah, carbon sequestration hingga 631,52 ton/tahun, mengurangi cemaran dan beban lingkungan yang sejalan dengan konsep ekonomi sirkular bagi industri kelapa sawit., The increasing production of the palm oil industry generates an increasing amount of waste, mainly in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunches and palm oil mill effluent. Technologies such as electrocoagulation, pyrolysis, and adsorption are used to treat these wastes, but still produce final wastes in the form of sludge and saturated biochar. This research focuses on the characterization and conversion of palm oil final waste into organic fertilizer. In wet base, sludge has pH 7.5, C-organic 43.36%, C/N ratio 9.403 and NPK nutrients 5.226%. Saturated biochar had a pH of 10, C-organic 75.13%, C/N ratio 2.968, NPK nutrients 23,898%, Mg 0.2%, K 0.6%, Ca 0.4%, Si 0.3%, Al 0.2%. Although almost all organic fertilizer criteria are met, the sludge moisture content of 61.32% and saturated biochar of 34.96% still do not meet required. Advanced processing involves sludge drying bed units and drying tubs using greenhouses and solar systems, with a drying efficiency of 2.66 days for sludges and 18 hours for saturated biochar. This solution has the potential to produce 5390,18 tons/year of organic fertilizer, potentially replace the need for synthetic fertilizers at the mill scale, becoming income and profit from fertilizer sales, employment and environmental benefits such as nourishing plants, improving soil structure, carbon sequestration up to 631,52 tonnes/year, reducing environmental contamination, in line with the concept of a circular economy for the palm oil industry.
Keyword: desain proses, ekonomi sirkular, pupuk organik, limbah kelapa sawit

Judul: Pengujian Virus Newcastle Disease Gen VII Isolat Lapang Sebagai Virus Standar Pada Uji Tantang Vaksin
Abstrak: This study was conducted to determine the standard of Newcastle disease virus Gene VII field isolate as a virus challenge to vaccine test. A virus suspension that has previously been tested by HA test then titrated with EID50 using 30 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) of 10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. In addition, chicken lethal dose50 (CLD50) test were used to determine the virus titer that could cause 50% death of the chicken population. The CLD50 test was used 25 day-old-chickens (DOC) divided into 5 groups. The virus was diluted from 10-1 to 10-8. The 104 to 10-8 dilution of NDV was infected to every group of chicken via eyedrop and intranasal with 0.1 ml/chicken dosage. Haemagglutination test showed that the allantoic fluid were contain high titers of NDV is 512 HAU. The infective NDV that had been titrated by EID50 test showed the virus titers is 109 EID50/0.1 ml or 1010 EID50/ml and the virus titers of CLD50 test e.i 106.48 CLD50/0.1 ml or 107.48 CLD50/ml. These results can be concluded that the NDV Gene VII field isolates were most appropriate to be used as a standard virus to vaccine test
Keyword: Newcastle Disease Virus Gene VII, HA tes, EID50 test, CLD50 test