Judul: Dampak Pengendalian Eceng-Gondok (Eichornia crassipes) dengan Glyphosate, Terbutryn dan 2, 4-D terhadap Komunitas Fitoplankton
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan dari bulan Mei sampai bulan Juni 1988 di Rumah Kaca BIOTROP, Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kelimpahan dan struktur komunitas fitoplankton sebagai dampak sampingan penggunaaan herbisida glyphosate, terbutryn dan 2,4-D dalam upaya pengendalian eceng - gondok.
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Judul: Pengaruh beberapa cara pengendalian gulma terhadap penutupan dan biomassa gulma di pastura alam
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pastura Alam yang terletak di Unit Pendidikan dan Penelitian Peternakan Terpadu Jonggol, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, selama tiga bulan, dari bulan Maret sampai Juni 1988. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh beberapa cara pengendalian gulma terhadap terhadap penutupan dan biomassa gulma di pastura alam Jonggol. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu: Kontrol (T0), Gulma dipotong 10 cm (T₁), Glipho- sat dosis 3.0 1/ha (T2), 2,4-D dosis 2.0 1/ha (T3), Piclo ram dosis 1.0 1/ha (T4), Potong 10 cm disemprot 2,4-D do sis 2.0 1/ha (T5), Potong 10 cm disemprot Picloram dosis 1.0 1/ha (T7), Bongkar disemprot Ametryne dosis 2.0 1/ha (T6), Bongkar (T8). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan A- cak Kelompok. Untuk mempelajari nilai rataan dari masing-masing perlakuan digunakan Uji Jarak Duncan (Steel dan Torrie, 1981). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pengendalian gulma terhadap penutupan gulma Eupatorium odoratum, Melastoma affine, Lantana camara, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis adalah nyata (P/ 0.05) dari dua minggu sampai dua belas minggu setelah perlakuan. Pada perlakuan penyemprotan herbisida Gliphosat 3.0 1/ha (T), pembongkaran gulma yang diikuti penyemprotan herbisida Ametryne dosis 2.0 1/ha (T2), pembongkaran gulma (T7) cukup efektif untuk mengendalikan penutupan gulma Eupatorium odoratum, Melastoma affine, Lantana camara sampai dua belas minggu setelah perlakuan. Sedangkan perlakuan penyem- protan herbisida 2,4-D dosis 2.0 1/ha (T3), pembongkaran gulma yang diikuti penyemprotan herbisida Ametryne dosis 2.0 1/ha (T7), pembongkaran gulma (T8) ulma cukup efektif untuk mengendali- kan penutupan gulma Stachytarpheta jamaicensis sampai dua belas minggu setelah perlakuan. Sedangkan pengaruh pengendalian gulma terhadap biomassa gulma Eupatorium odoratum, Melastoma affine, Lantana camara, Stachytarpheta jamaicensis adalah nyata (P/ 0.05) dari satu sampai tiga bulan setelah perlakuan. Perlakuan penyemprotan herbisida Gliphosat dosis 3.0 1/ha T2), cukup efektif untuk mengendalikan biomassa gulma Eupa…dst
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm