Judul: Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja di Sumatera Barat menggunakan Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR)
Abstrak: Tenaga kerja merupakan bagian dari sumber daya manusia (SDM) sebagai salah satu pelaku pembangunan. Penyerapan tenaga kerja yang tidak efektif akan memengaruhi tingkat pengangguran dan perekonomian. Angkatan Kerja di Sumatera Barat dari tahun 2017-2020 mengalami kenaikan diikuti dengan jumlah pengangguran yang juga meningkat. Pemodelan yang digunakan yaitu menggabungkan antara model Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) dan regresi data panel dinamakan metode Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR). Pada penelitian ini diidentifikasi peubah-peubah yang memengaruhi penyerapan tenaga kerja di Sumatera Barat. Selain itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan model GWPR terbaik dari fungsi pembobot gaussian, exponential, adaptif gaussian dan adaptif exponential. Hasil yang menunjukkan bahwa model GWPR adaptive exponential sebagai model terbaik dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 70,62% dengan AIC sebesar 1458,651. Pemodelan GWPR adaptive exponential membentuk dua kelompok kabupaten/kota berdasarkan peubah yang berpengaruh pada uji dengan taraf nyata 5%. Peubah product domestic regional bruto dan peubah rata-rata lama sekolah merupakan peubah yang paling banyak berpengaruh terhadap penyerapan tenaga kerja di Sumatera Barat., Labor is part of human resources (HR) as one of the actors of development. Ineffective labor absorption could affect the unemployment rate and the economy. The Work Force in West Sumatra from 2017-2020 has increased, followed by an increase in the number of unemployed. The modelling used is a combination of Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) model and panel data regression called Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR). In this study will identify the variables that affect the absorption of labor in West Sumatra. In addition, this study aims to determine the best GWPR model from the weighting of the gaussian, exponential, adaptive gaussian and adaptive exponential functions. The results showed that the exponential adaptive GWPR model was the best model with an R square of 70,62% with AIC of 1458,651. The adaptive exponential GWPR modeling formed two groups of regencies according to the influential variables that affect the test with a significance level of 5%. The variables of gross regional domestic product at constant prices and the average length of schooling had significant influence on employment at most areas in West Sumatera.
Keyword: GWPR, Regresi Panel, Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja

Judul: Modeling the Open Unemployment Rate of Districts/Cities in West Sumatera Using Geographically Weighted Panel Regression Approach
Abstrak: Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) Sumatera Barat mayoritas selalu lebih tinggi dari TPT nasional Indonesia, yaitu mencapai 6,28% pada tahun 2022. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis lebih lanjut mengenai TPT Sumatera Barat dengan mempertimbangkan adanya heterogenitas spasial menggunakan pendekatan Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR) untuk memperoleh model terbaik dalam menduga TPT sebagai peubah respons dan mengetahui peubah-peubah yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap TPT di setiap kabupaten/kota yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sekunder dari laman resmi BPS, yaitu data 19 kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Barat dari tahun 2018 hingga 2022, sehingga dataset tersebut terdiri atas 95 amatan, satu peubah respons, dan enam peubah penjelas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemodelan GWPR dengan fungsi pembobot adaptive kernel bisquare merupakan model terbaik dalam menduga TPT kabupaten/kota di Sumatera Barat dengan nilai adjusted R-Squared sebesar 81,65%. Semua peubah penjelas yang digunakan berpengaruh signifikan di beberapa kabupaten/kota, namun peubah yang paling banyak berpengaruh terhadap TPT kabupaten/kota di Sumatera barat pada tahun 2018 hingga 2022 adalah peubah harapan lama sekolah dan pertumbuhan ekonomi., The unemployment rate in West Sumatera is mostly higher than the national unemployment rate of Indonesia, reaching 6,28% in 2022. Therefore, further analysis of the unemployment rate in West Sumatera is necessary, considering spatial heterogeneity using the Geographically Weighted Panel Regression (GWPR) approach to obtain the best model for predicting the unemployment rate as the response variable and identifying significant variables influencing the unemployment rate in each district/city in West Sumatera. The data used are secondary data from the official BPS website, covering 19 districts/cities in West Sumatera from 2018 to 2022, so that dataset consists of 95 observations, one response variable, and six explanatory variables. The research result indicates that the GWPR model with an adaptive kernel bisquare weighting function is the best model for predicting the unemployment rate of districts/cities in West Sumatera with an adjusted R-Squared value of 81,65%. All explanatory variables used significantly affect several districts/cities, but the variables that most influence the unemployment rate of districts/cities in West Sumatera from 2018 to 2022 are the length of schooling expectation and economic growth variables.
Keyword: geographically weighted panel regression, panel data, spatial heterogeneity, unemployment rate, west sumatera

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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