Judul: Status cemaran logam timbal (Pb) pada mahasiswa fakultas peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor
Abstrak: Lead (Pb) has been intensively used in industry. Application of Pb creates environmental and health problems. Present experiment aimed to clarify the exposure of Pb as pollutant on the student of Faculty of Animal Sciences, Bogor Agricultural University and its relation to their activities and diets. Hair samples of 5-10 g each were obtained from 25 male and 25 female students. Concentration of Pb, Ca, Zn and Mg in hair was determined using an atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Questionnaire was offered to the students, to evaluate their activities and diets. Concentration of Pb in hair samples obtained from the male and female students was not different. However, Ca, Zn and Mg concentration in the hair of male students was higher (P<O.Ol) than that of female students. Lead concer~tration in the hair could be associated with the exposure level of the students to the polluted air. Protein intake in male and female students was 33.82 glday and 34.94 glday, respectively. It was concluded that the students were exposured to Pb polluted-air. The activities and diets of the students had no effect on the level of Pb in their hair. Key words: lead, hair, activity, diet, protein.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Since the year of 2000, UNEP (United Nations of Environmental Programe) identifies that the ever increasing Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) have caused global warming. In addition, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) along with sulphure oxide (SOx) and hidrogen sulfide (H2S) gasses have caused acid deposition. In turns, this deposition can stretch out endlessly heavy metal like lead and is accumulated in roughages which makes it harmful for animal production. In the other case the meat supply is still insufficient in Indonesia. Therefore, to fulfill the supply several efforts should be carried out. One of them is by increasing sheep production which is based on the reason that goat is prolific and high litter size. Howefer this effort cannot be achieved due to the presence of acid deposition and condition which bind heavy metals such as lead. These two substances will result in the decreasing daily gain of sheep because of the Pb accumulation in liver, kidney, as well as flesh. Accordingly, this research is aimed at: a. finding out whether acid rain has taken place in Bogor Regency area and subsequently finding out the Pb content in soil and roughage in this region. b. predicting corelation Pb content between rain and soil, as well as between soil and roughage in the Bogor regency area. c. studying the acid impact and Pb in the sheep ration toward sheep daily gain and toward the Pb content in liver, kidney and flesh. The result showed that in Bogor regency area acid deposition on had taken place the dry season but not in the wet season. The Pb content both in the air and in the soil had not yet been affected by acid rain. Pb content from the soil did not affect the content in the roughage. The dry and organic matter digestibility of the acid ration is lower than that of the non-acid ration. The dry and organic matter digestibility of the Pb-ration is lower than that of the non-Pb-ration. Similarly, the VFA production of acid ration was lower than that of the non-Acid ration. On the contrary, the N-NH3 production of acid ration was higher than that of the no-acid ration. The Pb ration has higher N-NH3 production than that of the non-Pb ration. Acid ration decreased daily gain, but ration of high Pb-content did not affect the daily gain. Acid ration did not increase Pb content in the kidney but not in the liver and flesh. However, high Pb content in the ration will increase the Pb content of liver and kidney but not in the flesh.
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Judul: Kombinasi algoritma sha 1 dan algoritma rsa untuk membentuk tanda tangan digital
Abstrak: Tanda tangan digital termasuk ke dalam teknik kriptografi yang memanfaatkan teknologi kunci publik (enkripsi asimetris). Tanda tangan digital dapat dibuat dengan mengkombinasikan teknik hashing (untuk membentuk message digest dari pesan asli) dan enkripsi asimetris (untuk membentuk kunci publik dan kunci privat). Teknik hashing yang digunakan adalah teknik rashing satu arah dengan menggunakan algoritma SHA 1, sedangkan algoritma RSA digunakan untuk enkripsi asimetris Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari, menganalisis, dan mengimplementasikan pembentukan dan verifikasi tanda tangan digital menggunakan dua metode, yaitu dengan mengkombinasikan algoritma SHA 1 dan algoritma RSA dan dengan menggunakan algoritma RSA saja. Analisis yang dilakukan pada kedua algoritma ini meliputi analisis algoritma, dan analisis hasil implementasi. Analisis terhadap algoritma SHA | menunjukkan bahwa algoritma ini memiliki kompleksitas O(n) untuk kasus terburuk. Sedangkan untuk pembentukan kunci publik dan kunci privat dengan algoritma RSA diperlukan beberapa algoritma pendukung, yaitu algoritma Miller Rabin, Witness, Euclid, dan Extended Euclid. Semua algoritma pendukung tersebut memiliki kompleksitas waktu yang sama, yaitu O(k), dengan adalah panjang representasi bit bilangan bulat. Kompleksitas waktu yang didapatkan untuk proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital dengan kedua metode ini adalah sama yaitu O(nk). Untuk proses verifikasi, kompleksitas waktu yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma adalah O(1 + k) dan untuk algoritma RSA adalah O(n + k). Pada proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma yang ditandatangani adalah message digest yang dihasilkan oleh algoritma SHA 1, sedangkan pada algoritma RSA yang ditandatangani adalah pesan itu sendiri. Dari hasil implementasi didapatkan untuk proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan menggunakan algoritma RSA saja untuk file-file yang berukuran besar, dst
Keyword: Tnda Tangan Digital, Teknik Kriptografi, Enskripsi Asimetris