Judul: Process Design of Palm Oil Waste Conversion into Fertilizer in Framework of Circular Economy Implementation
Abstrak: Peningkatan produksi industri kelapa sawit menghasilkan limbah yang terus meningkat, limbah utamanya berupa tandan kosong kelapa sawit dan palm oil mill effluent. Teknologi seperti elektrokoagulasi, pirolisis, dan adsorpsi digunakan untuk mengolah limbah ini, namun masih menghasilkan limbah akhir berupa sludge dan biochar jenuh. Penelitian ini fokus pada karakterisasi dan konversi limbah akhir kelapa sawit, yaitu sludge dan biochar jenuh menjadi pupuk organik. Dalam basis basah, Sludge memiliki pH 7,5, C-organik 43,36%, rasio C/N 9,403 dan unsur NPK 5,226%. Biochar jenuh memiliki pH 10, C-organik 75,13%, rasio C/N 2,968, NPK 23,898%, Mg 0,2%, K 0,6%, Ca 0,4%, Si 0,3%, dan Al 0,2%. Meski hampir seluruh kriteria pupuk organik terpenuhi, kadar air sludge 61,32% dan biochar jenuh 34,96% masih belum memenuhi dan memerlukan penanganan lebih lanjut. Pengolahan lanjutan melibatkan pengeringan dengan unit sludge drying bed dan bak pengeringan menggunakan rumah kaca dan solar system, dengan efisiensi pengeringan dalam 2,66 hari untuk sludge dan 18 jam untuk biochar jenuh. Solusi ini berpotensi menghasilkan 5390,18 ton/tahun pupuk organik dengan kadar air sludge 15.28% dan biochar 9,16% (basis basah), yang berpotensi menggantikan kebutuhan pupuk sintetis di PKS, berpotensi menjadi sumber pendapatan tambahan dari penjualan surplus pupuk, lapangan tenaga kerja baru, pemenuhan regulasi lingkungan, menutrisi tanaman, memperbaiki struktur tanah, carbon sequestration hingga 631,52 ton/tahun, mengurangi cemaran dan beban lingkungan yang sejalan dengan konsep ekonomi sirkular bagi industri kelapa sawit., The increasing production of the palm oil industry generates an increasing amount of waste, mainly in the form of oil palm empty fruit bunches and palm oil mill effluent. Technologies such as electrocoagulation, pyrolysis, and adsorption are used to treat these wastes, but still produce final wastes in the form of sludge and saturated biochar. This research focuses on the characterization and conversion of palm oil final waste into organic fertilizer. In wet base, sludge has pH 7.5, C-organic 43.36%, C/N ratio 9.403 and NPK nutrients 5.226%. Saturated biochar had a pH of 10, C-organic 75.13%, C/N ratio 2.968, NPK nutrients 23,898%, Mg 0.2%, K 0.6%, Ca 0.4%, Si 0.3%, Al 0.2%. Although almost all organic fertilizer criteria are met, the sludge moisture content of 61.32% and saturated biochar of 34.96% still do not meet required. Advanced processing involves sludge drying bed units and drying tubs using greenhouses and solar systems, with a drying efficiency of 2.66 days for sludges and 18 hours for saturated biochar. This solution has the potential to produce 5390,18 tons/year of organic fertilizer, potentially replace the need for synthetic fertilizers at the mill scale, becoming income and profit from fertilizer sales, employment and environmental benefits such as nourishing plants, improving soil structure, carbon sequestration up to 631,52 tonnes/year, reducing environmental contamination, in line with the concept of a circular economy for the palm oil industry.
Keyword: desain proses, ekonomi sirkular, pupuk organik, limbah kelapa sawit

Judul: Circular Economy Concept Design to
Support the Sustainability of the Palm Oil Industry
Abstrak: Agroindustri kelapa sawit di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan produktivitas yang berdampak pada tingginya produk samping dan limbah yang dihasilkan. Ketidakefektifan pengolahan limbah menuntut adanya penanganan yang lebih efisien dan berkelanjutan untuk mengurangi dampak buruk serta memaksimalkan nilai ekonomis dari limbah. Konsep penanganan limbah dapat didukung dengan penerapan ekonomi sirkular, yang tidak hanya mengurangi beban lingkungan tetapi juga memberikan manfaat ekonomi melalui penghematan energi dan bahan baku. Rancangan proses penanganan limbah yang diusulkan mencakup proses pirolisis pada suhu 300, Palm oil agroindustry in Indonesia continues to experience increased productivity, leading to higher by-products and waste generation. Ineffectiveness in waste processing necessitates more efficient and sustainable handling to mitigate adverse impacts and maximize economic value from waste. The waste management concept can be supported by implementing a circular economy approach, which not only reduces environmental burdens but also provides economic benefits through energy and raw material savings. The proposed waste management process design includes pyrolysis at 300
Keyword: ekonomi sirkular, keberlanjutan, dampak lingkungan, industri kelapa sawit, pengelolaan limbah

Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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