Judul: Manajemen Pemeliharaan dan Persilangan Kupu-Kupu Ornithoptera priamus dengan Ornithoptera croesus di Penangkaran (Studi Kasus di PT Kupu-Kupu Taman Lestari Tabanan, Bali)
Abstrak: The butterfly is the one of a beautiful insect in the world that serve as the symbol of beauty. The potensial which butterlies have used as an object of scientific research, souvenirs, collectibles, and developed into a tourist attraction that has high appeal and bring in foreign exchange. One of the efforts to enhance productivity by producing generation with a unique color pattern that interesting then performed hybridization to butterflies. In Indonesia hybridization of butterflies were new and rarely performed by breeders of butterflies. Kupu-kupu Taman Lestari Ltd. is on of the companies that have done hybridization. The principle of hybridization is to produce derivatives (hybrid) with the appearance or character better than parental. In hybridization of butterfly, the expected character is a hybrid morphological appearance better than parental, both quantitative and qualitative views. This study is aimed to asses the maintenance management of butterfly hybridization, it examine and hybridization success rate of butterflies in the Kupu-Kupu Taman Lestari Ltd. Tabanan, Bali, and to analyze morphological differences in the hybrid with parental. This research was conducted at the Kupu-Kupu Taman Lestari Ltd. Tabanan, Bali in April-July 2012. Butterflies are hybridization in the research are the species O.priamus male and O.croesus female, aech amounted to two individuals. In a research conducted test analysis T-Student of the size of the butterly’s body. Based on the research, maintenance management butterfly hybridization using a semi-intensive system consists of maintenance of egg, larva, pupa, and health care. There are three stages in the preparation phase hybridization is the intersection, crossing implementation, and monitoring cross. The succes rate of the average crossing at 43.01% and can be classified in the category of moderate (30-49%). Appearance the general morphology, a hybrid males have a style that is similar to O.priamus male and color similar to O.croesus male. At the same time the hybrid females have style similar to O.priamus female and color similar to O.croesus female. Based on the T-Student test calculation it can be concluded that the morphology of a butterfly berween elders with a hybrid was significanly different.
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Judul: Pengelolaan penangkaran kupu-kupu di PT Ikas Amboina dan Bali Butterfly Park Tabanan Bali
Abstrak: This study aims to determine and analyze the management of the breeding success rate of butterflies in PT Ikas Amboina and the Bali Butterfly Park. It is expected that this research can be an input for the PT Ikas Amboina and the Bali Butterfly Park itself in order to develop cultivation techniques and theutilization of butterflies better yet ,in addition this research also to expected to serve as guidelines for the management and or development of captive breeding butterfly elsewhere in Indonesia. This research was conducted through five stages namely study literature, measurements, observations, and interviews, as well as qualitative data processing. From the research result shows there are 15 species of butterflies that captived, consisting of two families namely Papilionidae and Nymphalidae. Two species of family Papilionidae including a protected butterfly, Ornithoptera priamus and Troides helena. There are five types of cages used during the captive process of butterflies, among other reproductive cage, cage rearing the eggs, the larval rearing, cocoon cage, and cage of butterflies. Plants used in the process of cultivating a butterfly on the basis of its functions can be divided into three, namely feed the larvae, the main plant (nectar-producing), and supporting plants (ornamental). Management conducted in captivity include the procurement of seed, maintenance of egg, larval rearing, maintenance pupa, maintenance of adult butterfly, health care, provision of additional food, and utilization of butterflies through activities of captive offset creation. Butterfly farming techniques are carried out intensively by PT Ikas Amboina able to increase the odds of living butterflies, which average 53.17% of the total eggs produced.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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