Judul: Sintesis Flav-3-ena sebagai Prekursor Flavan-3-ol
Abstrak: Flavan-3-ol merupakan salah satu kelompok flavonoid yang penting bagi kesehatan tubuh karena dapat membantu kelancaran sirkulasi darah dan melindungi kulit dari kerusakan yang diakibatkan oleh sinar ultraviolet. Flavan-3-ol dapat diperoleh dari hidroborasi-oksidasi flav-3-ena. Dalam penelitian ini, flav-3-ena disintesis secara langsung dan bertahap. Sintesis diawali dengan menyiapkan 2’-hidroksikalkon dari o-hidroksiasetofenon (o-HAP) dan benzaldehida dengan katalis KOH 60%. Siklisasi reduktif langsung 2’-hidroksikalkon dengan NaBH4 tidak berhasil mendapatkan flav-3-ena. Di sisi lain, cara bertahap dilakukan melalui isomerisasi 2’-hidroksikalkon menjadi flavanon dengan basa NaOAc, reduksi flavanon menjadi flavan-4-ol dengan NaBH4, dan dehidrasi flavan-4-ol dengan katalis asam p-toluenasulfonat menghasilkan flav-3-ena. Rendemen flav-3-ena secara keseluruhan dari 4 tahap adalah 11% dari bahan awal o-HAP. Rendemen tersebut masih lebih rendah daripada yang dilaporkan sebelumnya, yaitu 25%. Sintesis 1-tahap flav-3-ena dari flavanon pada kondisi sangat asam diharapkan dapat meningkatkan rendemen tersebut.
Keyword: flavan-3-ol, flavan-4-ol, flavanon, flav-3-ena

Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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