Judul: Identifikasi Perbedaan Genetik dan Kandungan Senyawa Minyak Atsiri dari Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) Merah dan Putih
Abstrak: The genetic information of red and white cardamom can be developed to get the seeds as a medicine. The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in red and white cardamom. The differences matter in both types of cardamom are done by analysis of FTIR and GCMS of the essential oil content. RAPD results showed both cardamom have different molecular weights and they are polymorphic because it shows the diversity the fragments of DNA bands. Isolation of red cardamom essential oil has a greater yield (0.28%) than white cardamom (0.20%). FTIR results showed that both the cardamom plants found in the IR spectrum in the same range of wave numbers, so FTIR can not identify differences in red and white cardamom. GCMS to identify the difference between red and white cardamom. GCMS results indicate the presence of 17 compounds which only the red cardamom and 12 compounds were only owned by white cardamom.
Keyword: RAPD-PCR, GCMS, FTIR, cardamom’s essential oils

Judul: Optimization of Total Flavonoids and FRAP Antioxidant Test Method Cardamom Fruit Extract (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton).
Abstrak: Kapulaga (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) merupakan salah satu tanaman rempah yang dapat digunakan sebagai sumber antioksidan yang potensial. Buah kapulaga memiliki berbagai kandungan metabolit sekunder, yaitu senyawa fenolik yang diketahui memiliki kemampuan sebagai antioksidan, khususnya flavonoid. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan kondisi optimal keberadaan senyawa flavonoid pada buah kapulaga yang diekstraksi menggunakan pelarut metanol, etanol, dan etil asetat dengan menggunakan rancangan simplex centroid design dan kemampuan aktivitas antioksidan optimal dari ekstrak tersebut menggunakan metode FRAP. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi menggunakan empat pelarut yaitu akuades, metanol, etanol dan etil asetat berdasarkan rancangan simplex centroid design. Kandungan total flavonoid (TFC) diuji menggunakan metode kalorimetri dan uji aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan uji daya antioksidan pereduksi besi (FRAP). Hasil optimasi total flavonoid dan antioksidan FRAP yang diarsipkan adalah ketika mengunakan pelarut methanol dengan proporsi 1 untuk ekstraksi dengan nilai respon TFC 0.05549 mg QUE/g bobot kering dan FRAP 0.5381 µmol TE/g bobot kering dengan tingkat desirability sebesar 94%., Cardamom (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton) is a spice plant that can be used as a potential source for antioxidants. Cardamom fruit contains various secondary metabolites, namely phenolic compounds which are known to have antioxidant abilities, especially flavonoids. The purpose of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the presence of flavonoid compounds in cardamom extracted with methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate solvents using the simplex centroid design and the optimal antioxidant activity capabilitiesof these extract using the FRAP method. Extraction was carried out using the maceration method using four solvents namely aquadest, methanol, ethanol and ethyl acetate based on the simplex centroid design. The total flavonoids content (TFC) was tested using the calorimetry method and its antioxidant activity used the iron-reducing antioxidants power (FRAP) test. The best results of optimizing the total flavonoids and antioxidants is when using methanol solvent with a proportion of 1 for extraction with a TFC response value of 0.05549 mg QUE/g dry weight and FRAP 0.5381 µmol TE/g dry weight with a desirability level of 94%.
Keyword: antioxidant, cardamom fruit, flavonoid, simplex centroid design

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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