Judul: Perbandingan Knowledge Graph dan Conceptual Graph sebagai Metode Representasi Teks
Abstrak: To capture the knowledge or information of a writing, it is easier from images or graphics than it is from texts or tables. Texts are represented by Knowledge Graph (KG) and Conceptual Graph (CG) in mathematical methods. This paper compares KG and CG in representing text based on aspects of the processes, the graph structures, and the long term goals. Based on the aspects of the processes, KG is more simple and objective than CG because KG has limited relationships. Based on the graph structures, CG is more easily to be understood than KG because CG’s relationships can taken from word of the sentence. Based on the long terms, KG method is believed to be a potential method for developing automatic text abstraction systems.
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Judul: Perbandingan Metode Knowledge Graph dan Metode Conceptual Graph sebagai Teknik Representasi Teks Berbahasa Indonesia
Abstrak: Knowledge graph (KG) and conceptual graph (CG) methods are mathematical concepts that can be simplified to understand the content of a text. To determine the effectiveness of both methods, this thesis compares both of them. The objective of this research is to compare the knowledge graph and conceptual graph methods in representing the Indonesian text. The Research carried out by analyzing sentences and creating graph on the sample sentences using both methods. The study states that the knowledge graph and conceptual graph methods can be applied as the Indonesian text representation techniques. Based on the aspect of the process, KG is easier than CG because KG has limited number of concepts and relationships. In the aspect of the results, KG has focused on the concept which is explained, meanwhile CG has focused on the concept which is explaining. Based on the aspect of long time goal, KG supports the automatical abstraction of text, effectively and efficiently, whereas CG does not yet support for abstraction. Knowledge graph method is more feasible for an automatic procedure.
Keyword: conceptual graph, graph, knowledge graph, text

Judul: Meningkatkan daya tahan ikan lele (Clarias batrachus Linn) umur tiga minggu terhadap infeksi aeromonas hydrophila melalui vaksinasi secara perendaman
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dari awal bulan Pebruari sam- pai awal April tahun 1989, di Kolam Percobaan Balai Peneli- tian Perikanan Air Tawar, Cijeruk, Bogor. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai sediaan vaksin ("Whole cell", "Gomplete" dan "Supernatan") dan waktu perendaman (15 dan 30 menit) terhadap infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila dilihat dari kelangsungan hidup ikan lele (C. batrachus, L) umur tiga minggu. Wadah penelitian yang digunakan berupa dua buah kolam tembok, yang masing-masing kolam disekat menjadi 18 bagian dengan kasa plastik. Tiap sekatan berukuran 0,66 x 0,75 x 3 1 M² dan diisi ikan sebanyak 25 ekor. Ikan lele yang digu- nakan berumur tiga minggu dengan bobot awal rata-rata 74,29 mg. Selama penelitian ikan uji diberi pakan berupa remahan pellet (Indofeed, kadar protein 42 %) secara "ad libitum" dengan frekuensi pemberian 3 kali sehari. Vaksin "Whole cell", vaksin "Complete" dan vaksin "Supernatan" yang digu- nakan dibuat dari bakteri A. hydrophila yang sudah dimati- kan pada suhu 100°C. Sedangkan sebagai kontrol digunakan larutan Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), larutan Phosphat Buffer Saline (PBS) dan air sumber. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 6 x 2 dengan 3 ulangan. Kepadatan bakteri yang digunakan untuk pembuatan vaksin ada- lah 1,81 x 1011 sel/ml (5% transmisi pada 540 nm). Se- telah 30 hari, ikan uji diinfeksi dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila yang patogen dengan cara penyuntikan intraperito- nial sebanyak 0,1 ml/ekor dengan kepadatan 1,2 x 10¹¹ sel/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa kelangsungan hidup ikan yang direndam dalam vaksin "Whole cell" selama 15 dan 30 menit adalah 65,33 % dan 54,67 %, yang direndam dalam. "Supernatan" yaitu 61,33 % dan 56,00 %; vaksin "Complete" masing-masing 69,33 % dan 50,67 %; larutan PBS masing-masing 66,67 % dan 56,00 %; larutan TSB masing-masing 50,67 % dan 64,00 %; untuk kontrol K masing-masing 69,33 % dan 61,33 %..dst
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