Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Danau Sentani merupakan Danau yang terletak di antara Kabupaten Jayapura dan Kota Jayapura Provinsi Papua. Danau ini memiliki luas 9630 ha dengan ketinggian 75 meter di atas permukaan laut. Danau tersebut merupakan salah satu sumberdaya alam yang sangat potensial jika dikelola dengan baik, diantaranya sumber air bersih, perikanan, transportasi, irigasi, dan ekowisata. Potensi ini akan sangat menarik investor untuk menanamkan modal yang pada gilirinnya akan dapat menaikkan ekonomi wilayah. Namun danau yang diharapkan memberi nilai tambah ekonomi, sosial dan ekologi ini telah terancam keberlanjutannya oleh karena degradasi lingkungan. Permasalahan yang muncul di sekitar Danau Sentani adalah tingginya erosi dan tingginya pencemaran karena limbah rumah tangga, peternakan dan industri menyebabkan kualitas air Danau Sentani rendah untuk zat – zat tertentu, seperti tembaga dan Zink yang nilainya melebihi baku mutu yang ditetapkan pemerintah melalui PP 82 Tahun 2001. Faktor utama penyebab banjir di Das Sentani adalah hilangnya sebagian besar vegetasi/ hutan penutup lahan, akibat dari perladangan berpindah di bagian hulu sungai sehingga daya resapan air ke dalam tanah menjadi lebih kecil. Apabila tidak dilakukan upaya – upaya serius dalam penanggulangan degradasi lingkungan maka pada akhirnya akan berdampak pada kerusakan kondisi lingkungan secara keselurahan. Pencemaran dapat timbul sebagai akibat kegiatan manusia ataupun disebabkan oleh alam (misal gunung meletus, gas beracun). Ilmu lingkungan biasanya membahas pencemaran yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas manusia, yang dapat dicegah dan dikendalikan. Pencemaran lingkungan tersebut tidak dapat dihindari. Yang dapat dilakukan adalah mengurangi pencemaran, mengendalikan pencemaran, dan meningkatkan kesadaran dan kepedulian masyarakat terhadap lingkungannya agar tidak mencemari lingkngan.
Keyword: Interpretatif Structural Modelling (ISM), Papua, Assimilation, Pollution Load

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Sentani Lake is one of potential natural resources. The water from it is used for household, fishery, transportation, irigation and ecotourisme. Position of Sentani Lake is South of Sentani Citi that is capital city of Jayapura regency. Sentani Lake is arrounded by settlement. Livelyhood most of resident are aquaculture fisherman and farmers. Inastronomy position Sentani Lake at 140023’ LS - 140050’ LS and 2031’ BT – 2041’ BT. The aims of this research are analyze Sentani Lake carrying capacity, develop model of management institution and design model of lake sustainable management using dynamic system. Analyze total of pollution source, pollution load and water quality in 2002 – 2032 period. Dynamic model method which is used is powersym tool 2.5d and Sentani Lake institution analyze by Interpretatif Structural Modelling (ISM) method. Assimilation capacity are TDS (12184,94 ton/month), BOD (11,31973 ton/month), COD (122,4184 ton/month), PO4 (1,401685 ton/month), NO3 (185,2202729 ton/month), Fe (0,226383192 ton/month), Cl (15286,18799 ton/month), SO4 (1276,118 ton/month), Zn (0,169118 ton/month), Cu (-0,06125 ton/month), Cr (0,769953052 ton/month), and NH3 (8,620493359 ton/month). Number of pollution load Cu, PO4, Zn and Fe were heigher than assimilation capacity value. Pollution load number (TDS, BOD and COD) were lower than assimilation capacity number. TDS parameter value is highest in 2007 and the value is 739,9296 ton. Increasing of pollution is leverage factor of waste increas, fish float net – that it is used to cultivate fish, human, cow, and pig feses and erotion. This result in Sentani Lake pollution cause. The effort to minimize total pollution resosurces and pollution load are fungsional intervention by decrease of population grow rate. In other hand sructural intervention are applied to fish float net number, settlement area, agriculture area, number of cow and pig.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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