Judul: Analysis of Housing Management on the Risk of Dairy Cattle Hoof Disease at PT Great Giant Livestock
Abstrak: Penyakit kuku dan kepincangan yang diakibatkannya merupakan masalah kesejahteraan hewan yang paling penting dalam peternakan sapi perah modern. Sapi perah dengan produksi tinggi, kelebihan nutrisi dan berat badan sapi yang dipelihara secara intensif di lantai beton dianggap sebagai faktor risiko penyakit kuku. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis manajemen perkandangan terhadap kesehatan kuku sapi perah di PT GGL. Data manajeman perkandangan didapatkan secara observasi langsung. Analisis data menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk menguraikan dan menjelaskan mengenai faktor risiko hasil dari observasi secara langsung. Prevalensi penyakit kuku sapi di PT GGL pada periode Juli hingga September 2021 didapatkan sebesar 1,2%, 3,2%, dan 2,9%. Prevalensi yang rendah di PT GGL dikarenakan banyaknya manajemen perkandangan yang telah sesuai dengan rekomendasi. Manajemen perkandangan PT GGL yang sesuai dengan rekomendasi meliputi penggunaan kandang semi close house dengan sistem free stall, pemerahan kurang dari empat jam, kelompok pakan dan sistem pakan headlock, lebar tempat berbaring 125 cm, letak pen kandang berdekatan, pengelompokan sapi post partus dan primipara, perendaman kaki sapi periode kering dan laktasi dengan formalin 5% dan tembaga sulfat 3%, pemotongan kuku sapi periode kering dan pertengahan laktasi, penanganan dan pengobatan lesi kuku, dan pembilasan kotoran dengan sistem flushing. Manajemen perkandangan yang masih belum sesuai dengan rekomendasi di PT GGL yaitu ukuran headlock 50 cm, bedding berbasis matras dan lantai beton. Manajemen yang diterapkan PT GGL dapat mencapai produksi susu sebesar 8.265 kg/ekor di atas rata-rata di Indonesia namun masih rendah dari negara empat musim., Foot disorders and the resulting lameness are the most important welfare problem in modern dairy farming. High yielding dairy cows, over-nourished and heavy weight cows which are reared intensively on concrete floor are considered as risk factors for dairy foot disorders. The purpose of this study was to analyze housing management on the health of the hooves of dairy cattle at PT GGL. The housing management data was obtained by direct observation. Data analysis used descriptive methods to describe and explain the risk factors resulting from direct observation. The prevalence of cow hoof disease at PT GGL in the period July to September 2021 was 1.2%, 3.2%, and 2.9%. The low prevalence at PT GGL is due to the large number of housing management that has been in accordance with the recommendations. PT GGL’s housing management in accordance with the recommendations includes the use of semi- close house with a free stall, milking less than four hours, feed group and headlock, 125 cm wide lying area, closeness of pen cage, grouping of post partum and primiparous, foot bath in dry cattle and lactation cows with formalin 5% and copper sulfate 3%, hoof trimming in dry and mid-lactating period, handling and treatment of hoof lesions, and rinsing of manure by flushing system. The housing management that is still not suitable at PT GGL is the headlock size 50 cm, bed-based mattresses and concrete floors. The management implemented by PT GGL can achieve milk production of 8,265 kg/head above the average in Indonesia but still low than the four-seasons country.
Keyword: Kesehatan, Kuku, Lingkungan, Manajemen, Sapi

Judul: Analysis of Hoof Disease Rates in Dairy Cattle at PT Great Giant Livestock in August-September 2021
Abstrak: Kepincangan pada sapi merupakan penyebab utama masalah kesejahteraan dan pengapkiran pada sapi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis penyebaran dan kejadian penyakit kuku pada sapi perah serta hubungan kepincangan terhadap Body condition score, laktasi, dan produksi susu di PT Great Giant Livestock pada bulan Agustus hingga September 2021. Data studi diambil dari tenaga kesehatan hewan dan laporan kejadian penyakit kuku PT Great Giant Livestock. Data disajikan dalam bentuk gambar. Prevalensi kepincangan yang terjadi di PT Great Giant Livestock pada bulan Agustus dan Desember didapatkan sebesar 5% dan 4% dan rataan 2 bulan sebesar 4%. Total kepincangan yang dilaporkan sebanyak 28 kasus dari 314 ekor sapi perah produktif. Kasus kepincangan yang didapatkan adalah sole ulcer, thin sole, dan laminitis. Deteksi dini kepincangan bisa dilakukan dengan penilaian skor lokomosi pada sapi. Hubungan kepincangan terhadap rata – rata mingguan produksi susu pada sapi perah di PT Great Giant Livestock tidak memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan. Kepincangan dapat dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor seperti kebersihan dan sanitasi kandang, perubahan dan komposisi pakan, dan penggunaan alas pada kandang yang kurang tepat., Lameness in cattle is a major cause of welfare problems and abandonment in cattle. The purpose of this study was to analyze spread and number of hoof disease in dairy cows and the effect of lameness on Body condition score, lactation, and milk production at PT Great Giant Livestock from August to September 2021.The study data were taken from animal health workers and the report on the incidence of hoof disease from PT Great Giant Livestock. Data is presented in the form of images. The prevalence of lameness that occurred at PT GGL in the period August and December was 5% and 4% and the 2-month average was 4%. The hoof diseases discussed in this study are 3 cases of lameness in cattle.The total lameness reported was 28 cases out of 314 productive dairy cows. There were 3 cases of lameness, namely sole ulcer, thin sole, and laminitis. Early detection of lameness can be seen by assessing the locomotion score in cattle. The relationship of lameness to the average weekly milk production in dairy cows at PT Great Giant Livestock has no significant effect. The incidence of lameness can be influenced by several factors such as hygiene and sanitation of the stall, changes and feed composition, and improper use of the base in the stall.
Keyword: Cows, Lameness, laminitis, thin sole, sole ulcer

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: