Judul: Indonesia’s financial  system stability  analysis
Abstrak: Sistem keuangan sangat penting perananya di dalam perekonomian suatu negara. Berbagai metode telah digunakan untuk dapat mengamati stabilitas sistem keuangan, salah satunya dengan membangun indeks agregat untuk stabilitas sistem keuangan seperti Aggregate Financial Stability Index (AFSI). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai stabilitas sistem keuangan dan mengamati fenomena krisis yang terjadi di Indonesia selama periode 2000-2011 mengunakan AFSI. Pergerakan indeks menunjukan bahwa secara umum stabilitas sistem keuangan Indonesia berada pada koridor financial instability atau kondisi tidak stabil. Validasi ekonometrik indeks dilakukan dengan menganalisis pengaruh indikator makroekonomi terhadap stabilitas sistem keuangan Indonesia menggunakan model koreksi kesalahan (Error Correction Model = ECM). Pertumbuhan volume GDP dan Indeks Harga Saham Gabungan (IHSG) berkontribusi positif dalam menciptakan sistem keuangan yang stabil. Pertumbuhan jumlah uang beredar (M2) dan nilai tukar nominal berpengaruh negatif, sehingga dapat mengancam stabilitas sistem keuangan., The financial system is very important in the economy of a country. Various methods have been used to observe the stability of the financial system, one of them by constructing an aggregate index for the stability of the financial system as “Aggregate Financial Stability Index (AFSI)”. The purpose of this study is to assess the stability of the financial system and to observe the crisis phenomena that occurred in Indonesia during the period 2000-2011 using the AFSI. The movement of the index shows that the overall stability of the financial system in Indonesia is in the corridors the financial instability or unstable condition. Econometric validation of index by analyzing the effect of macroeconomic indicators on the stability of the Indonesia’s financial system using Error Correction Model (ECM). Both the growth of the GDP volume and IHSG gives rise to positive contribution in creating a stable financial system. Both The growth in the money supply (M2) and Nominal Exchange Rate bring about a negative effect, so as to endanger the stability of the financial system.
Keyword: Aggregate Financial Stability Index, Indikator Makroekonomi, Model koreksi Kesalahan, Stabilitas Sistem Keuangan

Judul: The Influence of Domestic and Global Factors on Indonesia's Financial System Stability
Abstrak: Stabilitas sistem keuangan (SSK) merupakan aspek penting dalam kelancaran penyaluran modal dan transaksi ekonomi. Integrasi sektor keuangan lintas negara yang semakin erat menyebabkan stabilitas sistem keuangan tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh faktor domestik, tetapi juga faktor global. Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh faktor-faktor domestik dan global terhadap SSK Indonesia selama periode Juli 2003 – November 2022. Financial stress index (FSI) digunakan untuk mencerminkan SSK Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah ARDL-ECM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada jangka pendek kenaikan suku bunga domestik, instabilitas sistem keuangan domestik dan Amerika, dummy krisis, nilai tukar, dan jumlah uang beredar berpengaruh signifikan terhadap FSI Indonesia. Sementara itu dalam jangka panjang, nilai tukar, jumlah uang beredar dan cadangan devisa berpengaruh signifikan terhadap FSI Indonesia., Financial system stability (FSS) holds considerable significance in ensuring the seamless movement of capital and economic transactions. The progressively deeper interconnection of the financial sector across nations has led to FSS being shaped not only by internal elements but also by global considerations. This study delves into how both domestic and international elements influenced Indonesia's FSS between July 2003 and November 2022. To assess Indonesia's FSS, the study utilized the Financial Stress Index (FSI). The analytical technique employed is ARDL-ECM. The findings of the study indicate that in the short term, fluctuations in domestic interest rates, the stability of both domestic and American financial systems, crisis, exchange rates, and the money supply wield substantial influence on Indonesia's FSI. On the other hand, in the long run, the exchange rate, money supply, and foreign exchange reserves exhibit notable effects on Indonesia's FSI.
Keyword: ARDL-ECM, Domestic Factors, Financial System Stability, FSI, Global Factors

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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