Judul: Analysis of Factors that Influence Rice Price Volatility at the Retail Level in Indonesia
Abstrak: Harga beras pada beberapa waktu terakhir mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volatilitas harga beras di tingkat eceran di Indonesia. Analisis volatilitas harga beras menggunakan data sekunder berupa data panel bulanan pada 34 provinsi dengan waktu Januari 2022 sampai Desember 2023. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode estimasi berupa koefisien variasi dan regresi data panel. Koefisien variasi digunakan untuk mengukur tingkat volatilitas harga beras. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa volatilitas harga beras pedagang besar dan volatilitas harga beras produsen berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga beras eceran, hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya transmisi volatilitas antar pasar yang diteliti. Pandemi Covid-19 secara statistik signifikan memengaruhi volatilitas harga beras eceran. Produksi padi, konsumsi beras per kapita, dan indeks rawan bencana secara statistik tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga beras eceran. Tingkat volatilitas harga beras pada ketiga pasar yang diteliti berada pada level yang cenderung stabil walaupun trennya meningkat.
Keyword: volatilitas harga, harga beras, harga beras eceran, transmisi volatilitas, koefisien variasi

Judul: Impact of Food Policy on Rice Price Volatility at the Retail Level
Abstrak: Peringatan krisis pangan di Indonesia sudah dipropagandakan sejak awal 2023 yang diakibatkan oleh beberapa dampak seperti perubahan iklim ekstrem, pasca pandemi Covid-19, situasi geopolitik, dan kurangnya pasokan bahan pangan. Dalam hal ini, pemerintah perlu memberikan perhatian khusus terhadap ketersediaan pangan, terutama pada bahan pokok utama yang dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat yaitu beras. Harga beras yang tidak stabil dapat mengancam ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Pemerintah mengupayakan berbagai kebijakan stabilitas harga beras dalam bentuk kebijakan pangan berupa SPHP dan bantuan pangan. Penelitian ini akan memfokuskan pada analisis dampak kebijakan pangan terhadap volatilitas harga beras di tingkat retail dan pola perkembangan volatilitas harga beras di Indonesia. Menggunakan data sekunder berupa data panel bulanan dari tahun 2022-2023. Data harga beras diperoleh pada tingkat retail, pedagang besar, dan produsen kualitas bawah, medium, hingga super yang mencakup beberapa provinsi di Indonesia. Metode analisis yang pada penelitian ini adalah koefisien variasi dan analisis regresi data panel. Hasil menunjukan kebijakan SPHP dan Bantuan Pangan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volatilitas harga beras di tingkat retail., The warning of a food crisis in Indonesia has been propagated since early 2023 due to several impacts such as extreme climate change, post-Covid-19 pandemic, geopolitical situation, and lack of food supply. In this case, the government needs to pay special attention to food availability, especially to the main staple consumed by the community, namely rice. Unstable rice prices can threaten food security in Indonesia. The government is pursuing various rice price stability policies in the form of food policies in the form of SPHP and food aid. This study will focus on analyzing the impact of food policies on rice price volatility at the retail level and the development pattern of rice price volatility in Indonesia. Using secondary data in the form of monthly panel data from 2022-2023. Rice price data is obtained at the retail level, wholesalers, and producers of low, medium, and super quality covering several provinces in Indonesia. The method of analysis in this study is the coefficient of variation and panel data regression analysis. The results show that the SPHP and Food Aid policies have no significant effect on rice price volatility at the retail level.
Keyword: Policy, Price, Rice, Volatility

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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