Judul: Morfotipe Ektomikoriza Famili Dipterocarpaceae dengan Metode Lubang Bor di Hutan Penelitian Haurbentes, Bogor
Abstrak: In Indonesian, Dipterocarpaceae grows in nutrient-poor and acidic soils which usually characterized by low rates of organic matter decomposition, due to it’s selective advantage of ectomycorrizas association. This research aimed to study ectomycorrizal root tip morphotypes in Haurbentes conservation forest, Bogor. The root tip morphotype was determinited by observation of root branching pattern, colour, mantle, and rhizomorph. One hundred ninety one root tips from 48 core samples derived from 8 spesies of Dipterocarpaceae were observed for root colonization and morphotype. Data showed that roots of all plant species were colonized by ectomycorrizas with the average value 34.72% or 2.15 x 102 cm. They produced 12 different morphotypes. They were unramified-simple black straight, unramified-simple black bent, unramified-simple cream colored bent, monopodial pyramide brown straight, monopodial pinnate black tortuous, monopodial pinnate brown straight, monopodial pinnate brown bent, monopodial pinnate brown tortuous, irregularly pinnate black tortuous, irregularly pinnate brown tortuous, irregularly pinnate brown bent, and irregularly pinnate cream colored bent. The highest value of root colonization abundance was observed from irregularly pinnate brown morphotype (32.54 %), while the lowest was found in monopodial pinnate black tortuous (0.37 %).
Keyword: Root tips morphotype, Haurbentes conservation forest, Ectomycorrhizas, Dipterocarpaceae

Judul: Ektomikoriza pada Shorea spp. di Kawasan Hutan Haurbentes Jasinga Bogor
Abstrak: Shorea spp. are member of Dipterocarpaceae family. They are tropical rainforest plant which have high economic value due to high quality of their timber and non-timber products. Ectomycorrhizal fungi had been used as biofertilizer for Shorea spp. This research aimed to study the ectomycorrhizal root morphotypes, isolation and identification of ectomycorrhizal fungi associated with Shorea spp. Sixty ectomycorrhyzal root tip samples were taken from Shorea saminis (plot 1), Shorea palembanica (plot 2), and Shorea stenoptera (plot 3). The results showed that all plants associated with ectomycorrhiza, with percentage of roots colonization around 60%. The highest abundance of associated root was found at plot 2, followed by plot 3, and the lowest was found at plot 1. Data of root morphotype analysis indicated that there were 5 major of root tip morphotypes. There were brown irregular pinnate, black irregular pinnate, silver irregular pinnate, brown monopodial pinnate, and black monopodial pinnate. Brown irregular pinnate was the dominant root tips morphotypes with the frequency was 60.9%. A total of 15 different isolates were isolated from 3 ectomycorrhizal root tips morphotypes, e.g. brown irregular pinnate, black irregular pinnate, and brown monopodial pinnate. All of the isolates were mycelia sterilia. Some of the fungi had special mycelial characteristics by producing hyphal anastomosis and produce intensive branching mycelium.
Keyword: mycelia sterilia, Shorea., intensive branching mycelium, ectomycorrhyzal root tip morphotype, Anastomosis

Judul: Penetapan Harga Jaminan Polis Asuransi Jiwa dengan Premi  Tahunan dan Opsi Surrender
Abstrak: Asuransi jiwa memberikan perlindungan pada tertanggung (pemegang polis) jika mengalami risiko finansial, dengan suatu perjanjian tertanggung harus membayar premi. Premi yang sudah terkumpul pada perusahaan asuransi dapat diinvestasikan, yang salah satu tempatnya adalah di pasar bursa. Perusahaan asuransi menawarkan suatu kontrak kepada pemegang polis yang disebut dengan kontrak partisipasi. Pada kontrak partisipasi risiko finansial dan keuntungan dibagi dengan pemegang polis dan biasanya keuntungan tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam cadangan polis pada tiap akhir tahun kontrak. Hal ini berarti secara tidak langsung perusahaan asuransi menyatakan penambahan pertanggungan, sehingga mengakibatkan perubahan benefit yang diterima oleh pemegang polis. Pada kontrak partisipasi ini, pemegang polis diberikan hak untuk mengakhiri kontrak (opsi surrender). Pada kontrak partisipasi asuransi jiwa endowmen terdapat opsi bonus (bonus option) yang penghitungan besar preminya dengan pendekatan tipe Eropa dan opsi surrender (surrender option) dengan tipe Amerika.
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