Judul: Substitution of Soybean Meal with Maggot as a Source of Ruminant Protein on In Vitro Digestibility and Fermentability
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh perbedaan media hidup terhadap kandungan nutrien maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dan mengevaluasi penggunaan tepung maggot sebagai sumber protein substitusi bungkil kedelai pada ransum ternak ruminansia terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan ransum yang diuji secara in vitro. Budidaya maggot menggunakan media feses, media limbah rumah tangga, dan media roti. Kandungan protein yang tinggi pada maggot, yang digunakan untuk substitusi bungkil kedelai. Perlakuan pada penelitian yaitu P1= Sumber Protein Bungkil Kedelai + Bungkil Kelapa, P2= Substitusi 50% Protein Bungkil Kedelai, P3= Substitusi 100% Protein Bungkil Kedelai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pH, KcBK, KcBO, dan VFA, namun berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap NH3. Maggot pada media feses menghasilkan nilai kandungan protein yang paling tinggi. Berdasarkan nilai fermentabilitas, tepung maggot dihasilkan dari media feses dapat menggantikan sumber protein bungkil kedelai tanpa memberikan hasil yang negatif terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan rumen secara in vitro., This research is aimed to evaluate the effect of different live media on the nutritional content of maggot Black Soldier Fly (BSF) and evaluate the use of maggot flour as a protein source to replace soy bean meal in cattle rations ruminants towards fermentability and digestibility of rations that are tested by in vitro. Maggot cultivation uses feces media, household waste media, and bread media. High protein content in maggot, which is used as a substitute for soybean meal. The treatment in this research is P1 = Soy Bean Meal Protein Source + Cocos nucifera, P2 = Substitution of 50% Soy Bean Meal Protein Source, P3 = Substitution of 100% Soy Bean Meal Protein Source. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on pH, KcBK, KcBO, and VFA, but had a significant effect (P<0.05) on NH3. Maggot in feces media produced the highest protein content value. The administration of maggot flour based on its fermentability value, maggot flour produced from feces substrate can replace soybean meal protein sources without give negative on towards fermentability and digestibility of the ration by in vitro.
Keyword: Black soldier fly, , digestibility, fermentabilty, in vitro

Judul: Black Soldier Fly Maggot Nutrient Composition Using Faeces Growing Media and Animal Feed Leftovers
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kandungan nutrien maggot black soldier fly (BSF) menggunakan media limbah peternakan ayam petelur, kambing, dan sapi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan A (feses ayam petelur dan dedak padi), B (feses kambing dan sisa pakannya berupa rumput lapang) dan C (feses sapi dan sisa pakannya berupa rumput gajah). Parameter yang diamati adalah performa maggot, kadar air, bobot populasi, suhu, dan kelembaban. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Analisis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan A berbeda nyata (P<0,005) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya untuk parameter bobot, kadar air, dan panjang. Populasi terbanyak didapatkan pada perlakuan A. Suhu yang optimal bagi pertumbuhan maggot adalah 30oC dan kelembaban yang diukur dengan kadar air berkisar antara 70%-80%. Kandungan nutrien maggot tertinggi didapatkan pada maggot perlakuan B. Kesimpulannya media maggot perlakuan A memiliki pengaruh performa yang lebih tinggi daripada media lain., This study aimed to determine the nutrient content of black soldier fly (BSF) maggot using the waste media of laying hens, goats and cows. This study used a randomized block design with 3 treatments and 3 replications. Treatments A (laying chicken faeces and rice bran), B (goat feces and grass residue) and C (cow feces and elephant grass residue). Parameters observed were Maggot performance, moisture content, population weight, temperature and humidity. Data were analyzed using the Analisis of Variance (ANOVA) test with Duncan's further test. The results showed that treatment A was significantly different (P<0.005) compared to other treatments for the parameters of weight, moisture content and length. The largest population was found in treatment A. The optimal temperature for maggot growth was 30oC and humidity as measured by water content ranges from 70%- 80%. Maggot with treatment B had the highest nutrient content. In conclusion, maggot media treatment A had a higher performance effect than other media.
Keyword: kandungan nutrien, limbah peternakan, maggot, protein

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite