Judul: Uji Pemberian Paraquat, Difenoconazole DanButylphenylmethyl Carbamate (BPMC) Terhadap Emisi CO2 dan CH4, serta Perubahan Konsentrasi Asam-Asam Fenolat Di Tanah Gambut
Abstrak: Pesticides are widely used in agriculture land, including agricultural land with peat soil. The Study concerning pesticide and CO2 emission has not been done in Indonesia. The objectives of this study were to analyze the effect of paraquat, difenoconazole, butylphenylmethyl carbamate (BPMC) on CO2 and CH4 emission and concentration of phenolic acids in peat soil. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Chemistry and Fertility, Department of Soil Science and Land Resource, IPB. Soil Sample was collected in District of Pulang Pisau, Central Kalimantan. Peat soil was treated with paraquat, difenoconazole dan butylphenylmethyl carbamate (BPMC) and incubated for 24, 48, 96, 120 and 168 hours. The results showed that the application of pesticides at the recommendation rates increased CO2 emission compared to that of control. Concentration of total phenolic acid of all treatments decreased sharply compared to that of initial data where the concentration of total phenolic acids of treated ones were lower than those of control except BPMC. The results suggested that CO2 emission were from Carbon of degraded phenolic acid and pesticides. The application of pesticides with recommendation rate decreased CH4 emission compared to that of control.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Dua Jenis Pestisida Terhadap Perubahan Asam Fenolat Serta Produksi Co2 Dan Ch4 Pada Tanah Gambut
Abstrak: Tanah gambut mengandung bahan organik yang tinggi, dimana degradasi dan dekomposisi dari bahan organik ini akan menghasilkan beberapa senyawa organik di antaranya berbagai asam fenolat, CO2 dan CH4. Upaya umum petani dalam memastikan keberhasilan produksi pertanian di tanah gambut menggunakan pestisida sintetik untuk mengendalikan serangan hama dan penyakit. Pestisida sintetik yang tanpa sengaja jatuh ke tanah gambut akan bereaksi dengan bahan organik dan produk degradasinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi pestisida terhadap interaksi dan ikatan asamasam fenolat pada tanah gambut serta menganalisis kadar emisi CO2 dan CH4. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Agustus 2014 sampai Maret 2015 di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanah Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Laboratorium Analitik, Badan Pengkajian dan Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT), Serpong. Sampel berasal dari lahan gambut yang telah disawahkan yang terletak di Desa Kanamit Jaya, Kecamatan Maliku, Kabupaten Pulang Pisau, Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 jenis pestisida yaitu herbisida paraquat diklorida dan insektisida BPMC. Dosis pestisida yang digunakan mengacu pada dosis formulasi anjuran pemakaian, yaitu 4 liter ha-1 untuk paraquat dan 1 liter ha-1 untuk BPMC. Perlakuan menggunakan 3 dosis bahan aktif (setengah, satu dan dua kali dosis anjuran): 1104 μg kg-1, 2208 μg kg-1, 4416 μg kg-1 untuk paraquat dan 485 μg kg-1, 970 μg kg-1, 1940 μg kg-1 untuk BPMC dengan satu kontrol. Setelah diinkubasi 1, 7, 14 dan 28 hari dilakukan analisis yang meliputi asam fenolat, residu pestisida, gugus fungsional, CO2 dan CH4. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan pemberian pestisida menurunkan jumlah asam-asam fenolat di dalam tanah gambut. Penggunaan bahan aktif paraquat dan BPMC memperlihatkan pola yang sama terhadap perubahan konsentrasi asam fenolat dalam tanah. Dosis bahan aktif BPMC 242.5 μg menunjukkan penurunan residu pestisida lebih tinggi dibandingkan dosis yang lainnya yaitu sebesar 95%. Secara umum penggunaan bahan aktif paraquat pada semua dosis menunjukkan penurunan residu pestisida 100%. Pemeriksaan gugus fungsional dengan FTIR tidak mendeteksi adanya jenis gugus fungsional baru pada semua dosis bahan aktif dan pada semua jenis bahan aktif. Namun perubahan intensitas puncak serapan dapat merupakan indikasi bahwa terjadi perubahan komposisi senyawa kimia dalam tanah gambut selama periode inkubasi. Penambahan perlakuan pestisida tidak meningkatkan emisi CO2 dan CH4.
Keyword: Tanah gambut, paraquat, BPMC, asam fenolat

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm