Judul: Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Aktinomiset Asal Tanah Lahan Kampus IPB Dramaga untuk Dekolorisasi Pewarna Tekstil
Abstrak: Industri tekstil merupakan salah satu industri yang menghasilkan polutan limbah cair pewarna tekstil yang sulit untuk didegradasi. Biodegradasi menggunakan mikroorganisme menjadi alternatif dalam mengolah limbah tersebut, salah satunya dengan aktinomiset. Aktinomiset memiliki kemampuan untuk memetabolisme bahan organik kompleks. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi aktinomiset asal tanah untuk mendekolorisasi pewarna tekstil sebagai alternatif dalam proses bioremediasi. Metode yang dilakukan antara lain persiapan sampel tanah, isolasi aktinomiset, dan penapisan aktinomiset potensial berdasarkan hasil uji aktivitas dekolorisasi. Sebanyak 20 isolat berhasil diisolasi dari sampel tanah asal tiga lokasi yang berbeda. Seluruh isolat memiliki kemampuan beragam dalam mendekolorisasi pewarna Remazol Red RB yang ditambahkan dalam medium padat. Sebanyak empat isolat yang menghasilkan diameter zona bening besar berkisar 5,75–9,75 mm digunakan untuk uji lebih lanjut. Hasil pengamatan pada uji dekolorisasi pada media cair yang ditambahkan pewarna Remazol Red RB atau Remazol Golden Yellow RNL menunjukkan bahwa persen dekolorisasi isolat HTB102 (18,80%) mengindikasikan aktivitas dekolorisasi tertinggi terhadap Remazol Golden Yellow RNL dan cukup tinggi (83,59%) untuk Remazol Red RB. Isolat HTB103 memiliki aktivitas tertinggi sebesar 89,78% pada pewarna Remazol Red RB, sedangkan pada Remazol Golden Yellow RNL sebesar 16,63%. Informasi ini menunjukkan bahwa HTB102 dan HTB103 berpotensi untuk dikembangkan lebih lanjut sebagai pendegradasi pewarna tekstil.
Keyword: aktinomiset, bioremediasi, pewarna tekstil, tanah, actinomycetes, bioremediation, soil, textile dyes

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The objective of this research is to assess the wastewater treatment using bacteria that were adapted to the textile wastewater environment. Bacteria were isolated from the sludge of textile waste water treatment plants of CV Mama & Leon in Tabanan Regency and Badung River, Denpasar Bali. Phases of this research were begun by cultivating the bacteria in liquid media in anaerobic and aerobic condition. Afterwards, bacteria were selected through some phases by re-cultivating them in liquid media containing textile dye at higher concentration. Those selected bacteria were then identified and its efficiency was examined towards textile dye at various pH conditions, glucose concentration, dye concentration and retention time. The dye implemented in this test consisted of yellow remazol, red remazol, black remazol, blue remazol and mixture of the four dyes. Potential bacteria obtained were used in the treatment of artificial textile wastewater using anaerobic-aerobic system. In this wastewater treatment suspended-growth and attached-growth were applied within anaerobic-aerobic reactor. The treatment system by attached growth process used volcanic stone as media for attachment of the bacteria. The best wastewater treatment obtained will later on be applied for processing the textile sludge taken from textile dying industry. A number of 27 selected bacteria were obtained from the mud waste of CV Mama & Leon consisting of Aeromonas sp., Pseudomonas sp., Flavobacterium sp., Plesiomonas sp. and Vibrio sp. Meanwhile, 5 other selected bacteria taken from the mud of Badung River were Vibrio sp and Plesiomonas sp. Textile wastewater treatment in anaerobic-aerobic reactor used bacteria consortia comprising Aeromonas sp. ML6, Aeromonas sp ML14, Pseudomonas sp. ML8 and Flavobacterium sp. ML20 in the anaerobic phase and bacteria consortia consisting of Plesiomonassp.SB1, Plesiomonassp.SB2, Vibrio sp.SB1, Vibrio sp.SB2 and Vibrio sp.SB3 in aerobic phase with 3-day retention time. Each reactor could produce wastewater below the standard required by the Ministerial Decree of Environmental Affairs No. 51/MENLH/10/1995. This technology produced efficiency of dye degradation, TDS, TSS, COD and BOD respectively of 95.72%, 80.87%, 87.50%, 98.38% and 93.90%. Result of textile wastewater treatment in anaerobic phase had higher toxicity level than the one before being processed. However, its toxicity was sharply reduced after passing through aerobic treatment phase.
Keyword: Bali, Suspended-growth treatment processes, Attached-growth treatment processes, Zat warna tekstil

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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