Judul: Keragaman Gen Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1-α Polypeptide (BCKDHA) Ekson 2 dan 3 pada Sapi Madura
Abstrak: Branched Chain α-Ketoacid Dehydrogenase (BCKD) enzyme complex have a role in metabolism of Branched Chain Amino Acid (BCAA). BCKDHA gene encoding the first subunit of these enzyme complex within mithochondrion. Mutation in BCKDHA gene caused deficiency of BCKD complex that caused Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD). The aim of this research is to detect variability of BCKDHA gene in madura cattle using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) method. According to migration pattern of single strand in PAGE 9%, there was four types found in exon 2 and 3 BCKDHA gene in madura cattle, that is A, B, C and D. There was two types of gene found in cattle that its origin from Bangkalan, which is A and C, whereas type that found in Sampang was four, which is A, B, C and D. The highest frequency in two locations is type A, in Bangkalan (83%) and in Sampang (50%).
Keyword: BCKDHA, exon 2, exon 3, gene, madura cattle, SSCP, gene type.

Judul: Keragaman Ruas Ekson 2 dan 3 Gen Penyandi Enzim α-Keto Dehidrogenase E1-α Rantai Asam Amino Bercabang (bckdha) pada sapi madura
Abstrak: Madura cattle is a cattle from the local Indonesian cattle crossbreeding India (Bos indicus) and banteng (Bos javanicus). Enzyme complex branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells. BCKDH has a role in changing branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), which is isoleucine, leucine and valine to α-keto form. This enzyme complex consists of three enzyme subunits, one which is E1- α subunit called branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase E- α (BCKDHA). Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a genetic disorder caused by one occurrence of mutation in the E1- α subunit. This study aimed to determine the diversity of segment 2 – 3 exon encoding BCKDHA gene in madura cattle. The result revealed that segment of exon 2 – 3 BCKDHA gene in madura cattle J population were found to be identical among them. Furthermore the segment of exon 2 – 3 BCKDHA gene madura cattle J was identical with taurine cattle (Bos taurus).
Keyword: madura cattle., ruminants, 2 – 3 exon, BCKDHA

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: