Judul: Efektivitas Cabai Rawit (Capsicum annuum) terhadap  Efek Analgesik dan Stamina Mencit Jantan (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Cayenne is used all over the world and is mostly used in cooking as a spice that is added to different dishes and sauces to give them flavour, colour, and perfume. Chilli peppers are a member of the genus Capsicum and has a compound found in chilli peppers that is active is called capsaicin (8-methyl-N-vanillyl-6 nonenamide). The term "fatigue" is frequently used and has multiple definitions, causal relationships, and domains. Capsaicin is a useful tool in the study of pain since it causes pain in addition to the feeling of heat. Mice's stamina can be increased by flavonoids through their inhibition of the phosphodiasterase enzyme, which is responsible for converting cAMP to AMP. This study determined the effectiveness of cayenne pepper (Capsicum annuum) on analgesic effect and stamina. The tail flick test was used to determine the analgesic effect of the treatment on mice. The swimming endurance test was used to determine the stamina of the mice. A total of 20 mice were used and divided into 4 treatment groups: control, 1, 2 and 4 mg/g BW. To determine the statistical significance of the data, ANOVA one-way and Tukey tests were conducted. Based on the statistical analysis, cayenne pepper was effective to increase stamina at 4 mg/g BW whereas cayenne pepper was effective to increase analgesic effect at 2 and 4 mg/g BW. In conclusion, cayenne pepper shows effects on both stamina and analgesic effect.
Keyword: analgesic effect, cayenne pepper, mice, stamina

Judul: Effectiveness of Forest Honey Towards Analgesic and Stamina in Mice (Mus musculus Albinus)
Abstrak: Secara empiris, madu telah digunakan oleh masyarakat untuk memperbaiki kualitas kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek madu terhadap analgesik dan stimulator stamina. Pengujian analgesik dilakukan dengan metode tail immersion test, sedangkan stimulator stamina menggunakan metode ketahanan berenang. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit yang diberi sari buah jeruk nipis dengan berbagai dosis, yaitu 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB, dengankelompok 0 menjadikelompokkontrol. Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiriatas 5 ekor mencit. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) yang dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian madu pada mencit percobaan dosis 1 g/kg BB memiliki efektivitas terbaik sebagai analgesik dan stimulator stamina. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa madu memiliki potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai sediaan sebagai analgesik dan stimulator stamina alami. Kata kunci: alami, analgesik, madu, mencit, stamina, Empirically, honey has been used by the community to improve the quality of human wellbeing. This study aims to determine the effect of honey on analgesics and stamina stimulators. Analgesic testing was done by the tail immersion test method, while stamina stimulatorwas tested by swimming endurance method. This study comprised of 20 mice that were given lime juice with various doses, namely 0, 1, 2, and 4 g / kg BW, with group 0 being the control group. Each treatment group consisted of 5 mice. The data obtained was analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey test. The results of this study indicated that the administration of honey in mice trial dose of 1 g / kg BW had the best effectiveness as an analgesic and stamina stimulator. It can be concluded that honey has the potential to be used as an analgesic and natural stamina stimulator.
Keyword: natural, analgesic, honey, mice, stamina

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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