Judul: Variations of Milk Production Dairy Cows at Sekolah Peternakan Rakyat (SPR) Cijeruk District Bogor Regency West Java
Abstrak: Tingkat kemampuan produksi susu sapi perah di peternakan rakyat sapi perah masih bervariasi. Variasi produksi susu dapat dipengaruhi oleh manajemen pemberian pakan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi produksi susu sapi perah di SPR Karya Mandiri, menghitung nilai Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC), dan menyusun rekomendasi kebutuhan pakan yang sesuai produksi susu. Pengumpulan data primer meliputi penimbangan hijauan dan pakan konsentrat, pengukuran produksi susu, dan wawancara dengan peternak sapi perah rakyat. Data sekunder diperoleh dari data koperasi SPR Karya Mandiri dan studi literatur. Peternak sapi perah rakyat yang diwawancari sebanyak 20 orang dan jumlah sampel sapi sebanyak 52 ekor indukan. Metode pengolahan data menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Data tersebut dibandingkan dengan literatur. Peternak sapi perah rakyat memberikan hijauan dengan rata-rata 50 kg/hari (57%) dan konsentrat 7 kg/hari (43%). Total pemberian pakan 13,1 kg BK/hari untuk menghasilkan 12 L/hari susu. Nilai IOFC sebesar Rp22.700,00 atau 21% dari total pendapatan dan pengeluaran. Kesimpulan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa variasi produksi susu dipengaruhi oleh manajemen pemberian pakan. Efisiensi pemberian pakan dapat meningatkan IOFC., Milk production at smallholder dairy varies accorss farms. Variability of milk production is affected by feeding management. The study aimed to understand variability of milk production in SPR Karya Mandiri, to calculate the value of income over feed cost (IOFC), and to develop suitable feeding management recommendation for milk production. The primary data collection includes weighting forage and concentrate feed, measuring milk production, and interviewing smallholder dairy farmers. Secondary data was obtained from cooperative data SPR Karya Mandiri and literature studies. 20 dairy farmers were interviwed and the data from 52 dairy cows were collected. The descriptive analysis was used to process the data. The data were compared with the literature. Feeding management varies across farmers. Smallholder dairy farmers fed on average 50 kg/day of forage (57%) and 7 kg/day of concentrate (43%). In total they fed 13.1 kg DM/day to produce 12 L/day of milk. The IOFC value was Rp22.700,00 or 21 % of total revenue and expenses. Variability of milk production is affected by feeding management. Improving feeding management helps to increase IOFC.
Keyword: dairy cows, feeding management, sekolah peternakan rakyat (SPR), smallholder dairy farmers

Judul: Production efficiency analysis of dairy farm in pondok ranggon cipayung sub-district east jakarta
Abstrak: Permintaan susu sapi perah di Indonesia meningkat setiap tahunnya, namun produksinya belum memenuhi kebutuhan nasional. Peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon merupakan tempat penyedia susu sapi untuk warga DKI Jakarta. Peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon memiliki peranan penting dalam peningkatan produksi susu di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk: (1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi susu sapi perah, (2) menganalisis efisiensi produksi susu sapi perah, (3) menganalisis pendapatan usaha peternakan sapi perah di Pondok Ranggon. Faktor produksi susu sapi perah dianalisis menggunakan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas dan parameter diestimasi dengan metode Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), analisis efisiensi produksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan Nilai Produk Marginal (NPM) sama dengan harga faktor produksi, dan pendapatan usaha peternakan dilakukan dengan analisis pendapatan. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi susu sapi perah adalah pakan hijauan, ampas tahu, dan tenaga kerja. Nilai efisiensi masing-masing faktor produksi tidak sama dengan satu, berarti bahwa penggunanaan faktor produksi belum efisien. Nilai R/C ratio yang lebih besar dari satu, sehingga analisis pendapatan menunjukkan bahwa usaha peternakan sapi perah menguntungkan., The demand for milk of dairy cattle in Indonesia increasing every year, but the production has not fulfill the national needs. Pondok Ranggon dairy farm is a supplier milk to DKI Jakarta people. Pondok Ranggon dairy farm has an important role in improvement milk production in Indonesia. The purposes of the study were to: (1) analyze the affecting factors for the production milk of dairy cattle, (2) analyze the production efficiency of milk of dairy cattle, (3) analyze the income of Pondok Ranggon dairy farm. The production factor of milk of dairy cattle was using the production function of Cobb-Douglas analysis and estimated parameter was using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) method, analysis production efficiency was using Value of Marginal Product (VMP) equal to production factor prices, and income of dairy farm analyze using income analysis. The affecting factors of production milk of dairy cattle is grass, tofu waste, and labors. The value of efficiency of each production factor is not equal to one, means that the use of production function have not been efficient. The value of R/C ratio is greater than one, so that the income analysis shows for dairy farm is profitable.
Keyword: analisis pendapatan, efisiensi produksi, Pondok Ranggon, susu sapi, usaha peternakan

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology