Judul: Analisis Kekerabatan Genetik Labi-Labi Bengkulu (Pelochelys cantorii) Berdasarkan Gen 12S rRNA Pada Mitokondria
Abstrak: Pelochelys cantorii merupakan salah satu spesies kura-kura air tawar besar yang dikenal dengan labi-labi raksasa asia dari famili Trionichidae dan ordo Testudines. Pelochelys cantorii dilaporkan telah mengalami penurunan populasi disebabkan adanya eksploitasi berlebih, fragmentasi habitat dan juga sering tertangkap tidak sengaja oleh nelayan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memastikan spesies Pelochelys cantorii yang tertangkap di Bengkulu menggunakan gen 12S rRNA dan menganalisis posisi filogenetiknya dengan beberapa spesies kura-kura yang lain. Sampel DNA diekstraksi dari darah 2 ekor labi-labi (P1 dan P2) yang tertangkap di Bengkulu. Ruas gen 12S rRNA diamplifikasi dengan mesin PCR kemudian runutan nukleotidanya disekuensing. Hasil sekuensing gen 12S rRNA sampel P1 dan P2 masing-masing 959 bp dan 901 bp, dan setelah dilakukan alignment dengan beberapa spesies kura-kura yang lain diperoleh panjang DNA sebesar 950 bp (ada gap). Hasil alignment menunjukkan bahwa jarak genetik terhadap P. cantorii dengan NC015825 sebesar 0.007 dan 0.012 masing-masing P1 dan P2. Hasil rekontruksi pohon filogeni dengan metode Neighbour Joining menempatkan Pelochelys dalam satu klad dengan labi-labi raksasa yang lain, yaitu Chitra indica., Pelochelys cantorii is one of large freshwater turtle species known as the Asian giant turtle from the Trionichidae family and the order of Testudines. Pelochelys cantorii has been reported of experienced a decrease number of population caused by large exploitations, habitat fragmentation, and also unplanned caught by fisherman. The result of this study is to analyze the pelochelys cantorii using 12S rRNA and the filogenetic position with other turtles species. The DNA samples were extracted from 2 tutles (P1 and P2) that caught in Bengkulu. The 12S rRNA gene segment was amplified using PCR technique and sequenced the nucleotides materials. The results for each samples are 959 bp for P1 and 901 bp for P2, after aligning them with several turtles species, the DNA length was 950 bp (gap). The alignment results show that the genetic distance to P. cantorii with NC015825 is 0.007 and 0.012 respectively P1 and P2. The rescontruction of phylogenetic tree were using Neighbour Joining method by placing the Pelochelys into one clad with the giant turtle, named Chitra indica.
Keyword: 12S rRNA gene, Pelochelys cantorii, genetic kinship

Judul: Genetic Differentiation and Labi-Labi  Distribution Amyda cartilaginea in Populations in Northern Kalimantan
Abstrak: Labi-labi is a freshwater turtle with a soft shell and is widespread in some Asian countries. Indonesia has a species of labi-labi that is spread naturally, one of which is Amyda cartilaginea. The research was conducted using mitochondrial d loop DNA as a genetic marker. The study aims to study the genetic variation and the phylogeographic relationship of A. cartilaginea in the Kalimantan population. Peripheral samples of carapace and liver labi-labi A. cartilaginea are collected in the laboratory as a source of DNA molecules. DNA amplification is performed using the primary pairs AF574 (forward) and AF575 (reverse). The sequencing results had a length of 377 bp and all samples were confirmed as species A. cartilaginea. The genetic variation of A. cartilaginea populations in Northern Kalimantan contains 27 polymorphic sites that form six haplotipes with a haplotype diversity of 0.8444 and a nucleotide variety of 0.02107. The resulting genetic distance ranges from 0.000–0.061 with the phylogeographic tree A. cartilaginea Northern Kalimantan forming a single cluster compared to the distance., Labi-labi merupakan kura-kura air tawar dengan cangkang yang lunak dan tersebar luas di beberapa negara Asia. Indonesia memiliki spesies labi labi yang tersebar secara alami, salah satunya Amyda cartilaginea. Penelitian dilakukan dengan memanfaatkan ruas d-loop DNA mitokondria sebagai penanda genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari variasi genetik serta hubungan filogeografi A. cartilaginea pada populasi Kalimantan. Sampel perifer karapas dan hati labi-labi A. cartilaginea koleksi laboratorium sebagai sumber molekul DNA. Amplifikasi DNA dilakukan menggunakan pasangan primer AF574 (forward) dan AF575 (reverse). Hasil sekuensing memiliki panjang 377 bp dan semua sampel terkonfirmasi sebagai spesies A. cartilaginea. Variasi genetik A. cartilaginea populasi Kalimantan Utara terdapat 27 situs polimorfik yang membentuk enam haplotipe dengan keragaman haplotipe sebesar 0,8444 dan keragaman nukleotida sebesar 0,02107. Jarak genetik yang dihasilkan berkisar 0,000–0,061 dengan pohon filogeografi A. cartilaginea Kalimantan Utara membentuk satu klaster yang dibandingkan dengan jarak.
Keyword: filogeografi, molekuler, mtDNA, PCR, phylogeography, molecular

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4