Judul: Perbandinagn Pengaruh Penggantian Sebagian Tepung Ikan Dengan Beberapa Tingkat Penambahan Methionine Dalam Ransum Terhadap Performans Ayam Broiler
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Judul: Pengaruh substitusi tepung ikan dengan tepung silase ikan yang diolah secara biologis terhadap performans ayam broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan tepung silase ikan yang diolah secara biologis dengan menambahkan singkong fermentasi (tape ubi kayu) terhadap performans ayam broiler. Jumlah hewan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 120 ekor anak ayam umur satu hari strain Ross yang diperoleh dari PT. Cibadak Jakarta. Ayam-ayam tersebut dipelihara dalam kandang sistem litter berukuran 2,5 X 1,5 X 1,0 m beralaskan sekam sebanyak 12 kandang dan setiap kandang terdiri dari 10 ekor. Pembagian kandang dilakukan secara acak dengan menggunakan angka teracak (random number). Penempatan dari empat ransum perlakuan dilakukan dengan pengacakan dengan cara yang sama. Ransum percobaan dibedakan berdasarkan tingkat penggunaan tepung silase ikan dalam ransum yaitu R1 (0% tepung silse ikan), R2 (10% tepung silase ikan), R3 (20% tepung silase ikan) dan R4 (30% tepung silase ikan). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Setiap ulangan terdiri dari 10 ekor ayam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisa dengan menggunakan Analisis Sidik Ragam (ANOVA) dan jika berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan Uji Jarak Duncan. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum, mortalitas dan Income Over Feed and Chick Cost. Hasil analisis sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung silase ikan dalam ransum berpengaruh sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan dan konversi ransum. Uji jarak Duncan menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi ransum perlakuan R1 (2922,26 ± 55,07) sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ransum perlakuan R2 (2244,25 ± 71,54), R3 (1808,71 ± 154,83) dan R4 (1752,90 ± 137,56), tetapi antara ransum perlakuan R3 dan R4 menunjukkan hasil tidak berbeda nyata. Demikian pula dengan pertambahan bobot badan ransum perlakuan R1 (1218,17 ± 78,35) sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dibandingkan ransum perlakuan R2 (885,01 ± 102,55), R3 (700,38 ± 66,62) dan R4 (441,66 ± 29,36), sedangkan dalam hal konversi ransum perlakuan R4 (3,97 ± 0,05) sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ransum perlakuan R1 (2,41 ± 0,19), R2 (2,55 ± 0,22) dan R3 (2,59 ± 0,18) tetapi antara perlakuan R1, R2 dan R3 menunjukkan hasil yang tidak berbeda nyata.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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