Judul: Analisis kandungan unsur N dan P tebu transgenik PS-IPB 1 yang mengekspresikan gen fitase
Abstrak: Formerly Indonesia is one of the biggest sugar exporter country in the world, nowdays Indonesia became one of the biggest sugar importer countries. There are several causes of low sugar production in Indonesia, one of them is low productivity due to inefficiency of fertilizer use, for example P fertilizer. It’s though that the isertion of phytase gene to the sugarcane genome will increase the efficiency of P fertilizer use and P metabolism in plant. The purpose of the study were 1) to test fitase gen expression in sugar cane transgenic PS-IPB 1 clones and select the five best clones 2) to select clones that have probable high rendemen. The sugarcane plant were planted in two different treatment of fertilizing, which are 25% Phosphor from recommendation in test site 1 and 50% Phosphor from recommendation in test site 2. Analysis are done in vegetatif stage, which in age 3 and 6 months. For Nitrogen and Phosphor analysis, 20 clones of the best sugar cane transgenic growing quality were used based on many varieties that undergoing selection with scoring frequency spread data. Analysis were done using sample of the lowest leaf from sugar cane transgenic clones. Based on the analysis, not all clones of sugar cane transgenic PS IPB 1 had Nitrogen and Phosphor content more higher than isogenic PS 851. Nitrogen and Phosphor content of sugar cane transgenic and the isogenic at the age of 3 months relatively more higher than at the age of 6 months, so does from the test site 2 (50% Phosphor treatment) is higher than sugar cane transgenic from test site 1 (25% Phosphor treatment). Based on selection with scoring frequency spread data, there are 5 sugar cane transgenic clones that have the highest rendemen (sucrose content of sugar cane) such as PS IPB 1-59, PS IPB 1-20, PS IPB 1-55, PS IPB 1- 5, and PS IPB 1-53. While there are some sugar cane transgenic clones that exceed in any criteria such as PS IPB 1-55, PS IPB 1-5, PS IPB 1-20, PS IPB 1- 59, PS IPB 1-29.
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Judul: Seleksi klon-klon tebu transgenik IPB 1 pada berbagai aras pemupukan N dan P berdasarkan sifat fisiologis dan produksi
Abstrak: IPB 1 transgenic sugarcane clones are clones of sugarcane expressing phytase gene cv. PS 851, which has been done by previous researchers. In the process of genetic transformation, stages of regeneration through callus formation process will induce genetic variation. The process of transformation induced to somaclonal variation can contribute to differences among transgenic clones. This study aims to get the best clones of transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 which has high efficiency of N and P fertilizer use, high chlorophyll content, high phytase activity, high biomass and sugar production. This study is also aimed to know the effect of ZA and SP 36 fertilizer to N and P content in leaves, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production of transgenic sugarcane IPB1. Experimental design used was split plot design in randomized block design, consists of two factors, i.e. factor A as the main plot: the level of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Factor B as the subplot: sugarcane clones IPB 1 transgenic and PS 851 isogenic as a control. DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at the level of 5% is used analyze the differences between treatments. In average the results showed that to transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-3 is the best transgenic sugarcane clones that have the highest rates of sugar production of 98.32 quintal/hectare. Then followed by the transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-1 (97.86 quintal/hectare), IPB 1-59 (96.93 quintal/hectare), IPB 1-52 (96.63 quintal/hectare), and IPB 1-56 (96.18 quintal/hectare). Specifically on fertilizer treatment at rate of N 50% and P 50%, transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-7 is the best transgenic sugarcane clones that produced 108.57 quintal of sugar /hectare. Then followed by the transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-3 (104.80 quintal/hectare) and IPB 1-1 (104.57 quintal/hectare). Besides having a high sugar production, there is also a correlation between N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. N and P fertilization as done did not give significant effect on N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. Fertilizer treatment at rate of N 50% and P 50% which is the lowest, having the same effect with fertilizer treatment at rate of N 100% and P 100% on N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. With this results, it can be concluded that transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 can reduced 50% of N and P fertilizer use.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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