Judul: Identification Keys of Whiteflies Using Single and Multiple Access on Cultivated Plants in Bogor and Surroundings
Abstrak: The whitefly (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) is one of the most important pest groups in agricultural crops. This pest is considered polyphagous because it has a wide host range and diverse species. Whiteflies can cause damage directly and indirectly to plants. Direct damage occurs because this pest pierces and sucks the phloem sap of the host plant, resulting in wilting, inhibited growth, and reduced productivity. The indirect damage caused by whitefly infestation involves the accumulation of honeydew produced by nymphs and adults for the growth of sooty mold and can transmit some viruses to plants. Whiteflies are relatively small and are difficult to distinguish from one another. Furthermore, there are limited taxonomic publications on whiteflies in Indonesia. Therefore, this research aims to build single access (dichotomous key) and multiple access (lucid key) identification keys for whiteflies on cultivated plants in Bogor and surrounding areas. Whitefly samples were collected in the field using purposive random sampling methods and later brought to the laboratory to prepare permanent microscope slides. Whitefly identification was based on the morphological characteristics observed from the pupal case or pupa of the whiteflies. Subsequently, single access and multiple access identification keys are created, and multiple access is generated using Lucid Builder 4.0 Software. A total of 21 whitefly species were identified, three species belonging to the Aleurodicinae subfamily and 18 species from the Aleyrodinae subfamily. One species from the Aleyrodine subfamily has yet to be identified. There are several new hosts that have been identified, including ylang-ylang and Jerusalem cherry as host plants for Aleurodicus dugesii, saliara, and jawer kotok as host plants for Bemisia tabaci. Besides that, there are the Geiger tree and red shoot flower as host plants for Aleurodicus dispersus. Both single-access and multi access identification keys for whiteflies were successfully developed. The multiple access key offers several advantages over the single access key, including practicality, flexibility, and ease of use.
Keyword: Important pest, lucid, polyphagous insects

Judul: Keanekaragaman spesies dan kunci identifikasi kutukebul (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) pada tanaman pertanian di Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Whiteflies are one of the most important insect group of pests in agricultural crops which can cause direct and indirect damages to plants, i.e. disturb photosynthesis and plant aesthetics, and transmit plant viruses. Whiteflies have been reported in Indonesia since 1900’s. There are 37 whiteflies species that have been recorded in Indonesia, but it is believed that many more are unidentified. The aims of this research was to identify the whiteflies species in agricultural crops and study their diversity at different altitudes. Whiteflies were collected at five areas in West Java: Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi, Bandung, and Garut. The identification of whiteflies were using fourth instar nymph or known as pupa. Slide preparation followed Watson’s protocol that has been modified. Morphological characters for such species were recorded for identification. Identification key was constructed in the dichotomous and digital forms using Lucid Phoenix Key program. Diversity of whiteflies was analysed using Shannons’s (H’), Simpson’s (D) and Sorenson’s (C) diversity index. Whitefly natural enemies that were found in the field or parasitized whiteflies were identified. There were 38 whiteflies species found and 10 were still unidentified. About 89.5% whiteflies found were the member of subfamily Aleyrodinae. Whiteflies were more commonly found in the plants with complex architecture (fruit trees) than the plants with simple architecture (vegetables, ornamental plants, etc). Plant with complex architecture can provide more space and food for organism to live. Aleurodicus dispersus and Aleurodicus dugesii are cosmopolitan species that can be found in various types of plants and altitudes. Bemisia tabaci was commonly found in lower altitude, whereas Trialeurodes vaporariorum was mainly found in higher altitude. Both species are become important pests in vegetable crops and transmit plant diseases. The highest whitefly species richness and diversity was found in lowland (0-500 m above sea level (asl)) (H’=2.14; 1- D=5.53). Similarity analysis (C) showed that number of whitefly species found at lowland was 64% similar to midland (501-1000 m asl). The natural enemies that commonly found were coccinellid beetle, aphelinid, and encyrtid wasp.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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