Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Calpastatin (CAST|MspI) pada Bangsa Sapi di Indonesia dengan Teknik PCR RFLP
Abstrak: Calpastatin (CAST) is a gene that inhibits degeredation of protein muscle. The increasing of calpastatin’s activity causes the increasing of hiperthropy, in the other hands decreasing meat tenderness. The objective of this research was to identify polymorphism of calpastatin (CAST-MspI) genes in Indonesian cattle breeds. This research used 283 Indonesian cattle breeds, they are bali cattle (100), madura cattle (68), pesisir cattle (50), aceh cattle (15), and katingan cattle (50). Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique was used to identify polymorphism of calpastatin genes in Indonesian cattle breeds. The result revealed two genotypes MM and MN and two alleles M and N. Genotype frequence of bali cattle, madura cattle, aceh cattle, and katingan cattle MM (1,00) were evidenced for the CAST|MspI monomorphism, but different from pesisir cattle MM (0,92) and MN (0,08) were the evidenced of polymorphism. Allele frequence of bali cattle, madura cattle, aceh cattle, and katingan cattle is 1,00, while allele frequence M and N of pesisir cattle are 0,96 and 0,04 respectively. The highest M allele frequency was found in the bali, madura, aceh, and katingan cattle population (1,00) and the lowest one was found in pesisir cattle (0,96). The heterozygosity value of bali cattle, madura cattle, aceh cattle, and katingan cattle is 0,00, while the heterozygosity value of pesisir cattle is 0,08. Based on the analysis, Indonesian cattle breeds (bali cattle, madura cattle, aceh cattle, and katingan cattle except pesisir cattle) are monomorphic in calpastatin gene.
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Judul: Identifikasi keragaman gen calpastatin (CAST|AluI) pada bangsa sapi Indonesia dengan metode PCR RFLP
Abstrak: Gen calpastatin merupakan salah satu gen yang berhubungan dengan keempukan daging yang berfungsi sebagai penghambat (inhibitor) enzim calpain. Identifikasi keragaman gen calapastatin (CAST|AluI) pada sapi lokal dengan menggunakan metode PCR RLFP masih terbatas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui keragaman gen CAST|AluI pada sapi Bali, sapi Madura, sapi Pesisir, sapi Aceh dan sapi Katingan dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Sampel darah sapi yang digunakan sebanyak 282 sampel yang terdiri atas sapi Bali (102 sampel), sapi Madura (68 sampel), sapi Pesisir (49 sampel), sapi Katingan (50 sampel) dan sapi Aceh (14 sampel). Identifikasi keragaman gen CAST|AluI menggunakan pendekatan Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) dengan menggunakan enzim restriksi AluI. Data genotipe gen CAST|AluI dianalisis dengan pendekatan frekuensi genotipe dan alel serta pendugaan nilai heterozigositas.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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