Judul: Pengaruh pemberian bahan organik dan kapur terhadap beberapa sifat fisik latosol di Tajur
Abstrak: Produksi yang tinggi dari tanaman dapat tercapai apabila sifat fisik tanahnya dapat menunjang pertumbuhan tanaman tersebut. Kondisi fisik tanah merupakan salah satu faktor yang penting, terutama dalam menentukan potensi suatu tanah untuk pertanian. Sehubungan dengan itu diperlukan tindakan-tindakan yang tepat dan terarah dalam pemanfaatan tanah agar pemanfaatan yang intensif tidak menyebabkan perubahan sifat fisik yang dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan bahan organik, kapur serta interaksinya dalam memperbaiki sifat-sifat fisik tanah pada Latosol di Tajur Bogor Jawa Barat. Pengukuran sifat-sifat fisik dilakukan di laboratorium dengan contoh tanah utuh yang diambil di lapangan (petak penelitian) pada kedalaman 0 20 cm. Parameter fisik yang diamati adalah: permeabilitas tanah, bobot isi, porositas total, pori drainase cepat dan lambat, serta air tersedia.
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Judul: Pengaruh pemberian bahan organik terhadap beberapa sifat fisika dan mekanika tanah pada petak kecil penelitian erosi di tanah latosol
Abstrak: Luas lahan-lahan pertanian yang subur mengala- mi penyusutan setiap tahunnya akibat tekanan pendu- duk dan industri. Usaha untuk memperluas lahan pertanian pada akhirnya menggunakan lahan-lahan yang kurang subur dan lahan-lahan dengan resiko kerusakan lahan yang lebih tinggi. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kesuburan dan menurunkan tingkat potensi kerusakan lahan dapat dilakukan dengan penambahan bahan organik yaitu kotoran hewan. Kotoran hewan dan hasil dekomposisinya mempengaruhi sifat fisika dan mekanika tanah. Percobaan ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui peningkatan ketahanan tanah dengan menggunakan bahan organik, perubahan kandungan bahan organik, dan pengaruhnya terhadap beberapa sifat fisika dan mekanika tanah. Erosi dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor yang dapat dikelompokan dalam tiga kelompok yaitu kelompok energi, kelompok penahan, dan kelompok pelindung. Sifat fisik tanah yang termasuk dalam kelompok penahan ...
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua