Judul: Produksi Alkohol oleh Saccharomyces ellipsoides dengan Tetes Tebu (Molase) sebagai Bahan Baku Utama
Abstrak: Penggunaan etanol sebagai bahan kimia dewasa ini cukup luas, antara lain untuk keperluan kosmetik, obat-obatan, bahan pelarut, bahan bakar, bahan pengawet dan untuk pembuatan bahan kimia lain, seperti asam asetat, aseton, eter, dan lain-lain. Penggunaan etanol dalam skala industri dari tahun ke tahun semakin meningkat sesuai dengan penggunaannya.
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Judul: Produksi Etanol Oleh Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Var. Ellipsoideus Dari Sirup Dekstrin Pati Sagu (Metroxylon Sp.) Menggunakan Metode Aerasi Penuh Dan Aerasi Dihentikan
Abstrak: Indonesia is known as the largest owner land of sago, with the area around 1 million ha, or 50% of 2 million ha of world sago area (Marsudi and Aprilia, 2006). The great potential of sago in Indonesia has not been used optimally. Thus far, only about 10% of the total national sago area that has been used to meet food and industry requirements. When sago is cultivated properly, it’s dried starch productivity would reach 25 ton/ha/year, much higher as compared to cassava 1,5 tons/ha/year, potatoes 2,5 tons/ha/year, and corn 5,5 tons/ha/year. (Sumaryono, 2007) This research is aimed to find the possibility of using dextrin as substrate for ethanol production, to see potentiality of Saccharomyces cerevisiae var. ellipsoideus as the ethanol producer, also the selection of aeration rate and total sugar concentration for fermentation. More over, this research also aims to determine the influence of bioprocess engineering (full and stopped aeration) to biomass and ethanol production. In the first study conducted, fermentation was treated at different substrate concentrations (18%, 24%, 30%, 36% w/v) and two regimes of aeration (1 vvm and 2 vvm). It is found that the best treatment was obtained from fermentation at 30% substrate concentration and 1 vvm aeration rate, which produced the highest amount of biomass (2,98 g/l) with the value of μmaks was 0,29 hour-1. For the first six hour cultivation, biomass growth was still in log phase. The residual sugar content in substrate and the pH value decreased during the fermentation process. The decline of residual sugar contents in substrate showed the activity of cells that consumed dextrin as substrate. While changes in pH was due to the release of H+ during the consumption of NH4 +, also the use of amino acids as nitrogen source and the accumulation of by products such as organic acids from carbohydrate metabolism. Bioprocess engineering was done on the treatment selected, with the stop of aeration after its first 6 hours cultivation. In 24 hours of fermentation, ethanol produced was 24,94±0,16 g/l. This results was much higher than the treatment with full aeration which only produced ethanol as much as 21,25±0,55 g/l. The pH at the end of fermentation in full aeration reached 3,05, while in stop aeration was 3,15. The extreme low pH can prevent the growth of microorganisms. The stop of aeration after the first 6 hour aeration change the environment of the fermentation conditions from aerob to be anaerob, so that the fermentation process for the formation of ethanol can be maximized.
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Judul: Perbandingan Keanekaragaman dan Sebaran Spasial Reptil di Pulau Peucang dan Cidaon
Abstrak: Peucang island and Cidaon Forest are part of Ujung Kulon National Park (TNUK). The research was conducted to assess diversity in both locations which have same characteristics as tropical rain forest ecosystem of lowland and coastal forests. Data collection was performed during 7 days on 8 March to 14 March 2013 by Visual Encounter Surveys methods (VES)-time search. There were 14 species of reptils from 8 families recorded, 10 species of 6 families were recorded in Peucang Island, meanwhile 10 species of 6 families were recorded in Cidaon forest. In term of species composition, both locations differ, in which Cidaon was dominated by Eutropis multifasciata (18 individuals) and Peucang island dominated by Cyrtordactylus fumosus (22 individuals). No endangered species found in both locations. Bungarus candidus and Hemidactylus frenatus were the only species recorded in Peucang island, while Psammodynastes pulverulentus and Gonochephalus chamaeleontinus were the only species recorded in Cidaon.
Keyword: Peucang Island, Cidaon, biodiversity of reptiles