Judul: Peringkasan Dokumen Bahasa Indonesia Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy
Abstrak: Text summarization is required to help interpreting the large volumes of information in documents. Automatic text summarization is a process of creating a shorter version of document from the source document by using a machine. The goal is to present the most important information and help the user to understand the large volumes of information from the document. This research proposes an automatic text summarization using Fuzzy Inference System (FIS), because the level of importance of sentences in a document is uncertain (fuzzy). The advantage of fuzzy logic is its ability of linguistic reasoning, so that it does not require any mathematical equations. Simulation is conducted on 50 data testing. It is shown that the best average accuracy in this research is 50.58% and the best accuracy for single document summarization is 100%.
Keyword: text features, fuzzy, Fuzzy Inference System, text summarization.

Judul: Peringkasan dokumen bahasa Indonesia menggunakan metode Maximum Marginal Relevance
Abstrak: Ringkasan dokumen diperlukan untuk memudahkan memahami informasi berukuran besar dengan cepat. Peringkasan dokumen otomatis merupakan solusi untuk mendapatkan ringkasan dokumen dengan cepat. Penelitian ini mengusulkan untuk membuat peringkasan dokumen otomatis menggunakan metode Maximum Marginal Relevance (MMR) dan fitur kata untuk dokumen skripsi. Metode ini menggabungkan relevansi antara kalimat dengan query dan kalimat dengan kalimat yang telah terpilih sebagai ringkasan. Hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan menghasilkan rata-rata akurasi 60.67%, recall 24.50%, precision 48.46%, dan F-1 30.88%.
Keyword: Maximum Marginal Relevance, MMR, text summarization, word features

Judul: Growth, Concentration Chlorophyll-a, and Structure of Macroalgae Gracilaria edulis in the Culture Media Containing Copper
Abstrak: The physiological responses (specific growth rate, concentration of chlorophyll-a, morphological and anatomical structure of the vegetative cells) of the marine macroalga Gracilaria edulis at the different concentrations of copper (0.01 as control, 0.04, 0.06 and 0,5 ppm) delivered continuously for 28 days under controlled laboratory conditions were investigated. Result showed that the degree of copper toxicity depends on both factor the concentration and exposure time. Copper concentration and day of exposure decreased significantly the specific growth rate (SGR) of the Gracilaria edulis but only 0,5 ppm Cu decreased the chlorophyll-a content when compared to control. Of the various physiological end points measured, growth proved to be the most sensitive response than chlorophyll-a with reductions in specific growth rate (SGR). The reason for this could be related to a greater sensitivity of the enzymes involved in growth than those related to chlorophyll-a or a greater energy needs to maintain cellular integrity and metabolic processes under sublethal Cu stress. In all cases, the main effect on vegetative cells were structure changes in cortex and subcortex cells, compared to control, macroalgae exposed to copper showed depigmentation and blending in the lateral branches, heavy staining of the cell wall and severe damage of cell membrane, while the mucilage and the cell walls was densely fibrillar, thick and heavily stained, the cortex cell was clearly vacuolated, the presence of endophytic on the cell wall and endophytic spores in the mucilage. The presence vacuoles should be related to a metal immobilization mechanism, minimizing the Cu toxicity for cells. The epiphytic bacteria can act as a biofilter diminishing the availability of Cu for macroalgae accumulation.
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