Judul: Analisis Perubahan Distribusi dan Luas Situ di Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Situ (small lake) is puddle in a basin in the surface soil that is relative smaller than lake. Nowadays, situ considered as protected area are threatened due to land cover conversion. The research was conducted to determinate dynamic change of situ in term of number, size, distribution and its land cover, especially the condition of riparian, between 2002 until 2012. Land cover map and the amount of the situ each year was obtained by using a supervised classifications method. The analysis of land cover change used post-classification comparison method. The result showed the number of small lake was detected increased from 99 in 2002 by 20.20% to 119 there in 2012. It experienced a reduction in the total area of 531.67 hectares in 2002 by 36.42 hectares to 495.25 hectares in 2012. The situ distribution between 2002 until 2012 is mostly in the northern part of the district of Bogor. Change of function of the situ was dominated by scrub and farms. The condition of riparian were dominated by shrubs and mixed plantation. The analysis showed the built up areas, farms, and fields tend to increase each year. It shows a pressure of agricultural and settlement expansion.
Keyword: 

Judul: Perubahan Penggunaan/Penutupan Lahan dan Keterkaitannya dengan Luas Ruang Terbuka Hijau ( Studi Kasus Kota Bogor )
Abstrak: The presence of a city has a goal to meet the needs of the population in order to survive and continue living and improve quality of life. However, with the development of a city, there are some fairly complicated urban problems to overcome. Rapid increase in population accompanied by an increase in income per capita has resulted in the need for land to meet the needs of food, clothing, and shelter. Urban developments lead to negative consequences for the environment. Urban environment tends to develop economically and decline ecologically where the city tends to lead to physical development such as infrastructure development. This research was conducted to analyze the change of land use/land cover of Bogor City period 2000-2011, analyzed the level consistent/inconsistent RTH development based on RTRW Bogor City allotment, and analyzed the level of development of Bogor City based on the RTH condition. Land use/land cover in Bogor City in 2000 and 2011 divided into land use/land cover of land classified as RTH and Non-RTH. Land use/land cover which is classified as RTH such as paddy, upland fields, botanical garden, sport fields, public cemeteries, trees, and bushes. While land use/land cover which is classified as non RTH such as bare soil, pools, situ, rivers, settlement, build non settlement (industry, state palace, health area, educations area, station and terminal, commerce area, offices roads, railway stations, and road). Distribution of land use/land cover in the City of Bogor both in 2000 and 2011, dominated by settlements, paddy, and trees. The size of settlements hectares increased from 4.469,9 Ha to 5.289,8 Ha, the large of paddy decreased from 2.904 Ha to 2.452 Ha, and the area of trees decreased from 2.341,2 Ha to 2.108,1 Ha. Settlements experiencing the largest increase due to 360,3 Ha consequence paddy conversion. Appropriateness criteria based RTRW divided into consistent, undeveloped consistent, and inconsistent. The large of land use/land cover which is consistent with the designation is 6.352,2 Ha, undeveloped consistent is in the amount of 5.300 Ha, while the inconsistent is in the amount of 41,6 Ha. The 5 greatest inconsistency occurred in the area should be designated as an agricultural area, but has been 11,3 Ha settlement. Bogor City has 7 villages which belong to the hierarchy I, 22 villages belonging to the hierarchy II, and 39 villages belonging to the hierarchy III. Based on the calculations of data, the large percentage of Bogor City green open space is 46,6% where the area with the hierarchy I has the RTH by 3,4%, 11.4% hierarchy II, and 31,8% hierarchy III. While connected to the level of inconsistency, the region of hierarchy I, there are inconsistencies in large of land use/land cover of 0,2%, 0,3% hierarchy II, and hierarchy III by 0,4%.
Keyword: 

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: