Judul: Evaluasi In Vitro Penggunaan Tepung Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Sebagai Alternatif Bungkil Kedelai Dalam Ransum Ruminansia
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penggunaan tepung black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) sebagai alternatif bungkil kedelai dalam ransum ruminansia terhadap komposisi nutrien dan kecernaan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 6 perlakuan yaitu P1 (100% rumput gajah), P2 (60% rumput gajah + 40% bungkil kedelai), P3 (60% rumput gajah + 40% BSF U1), P4 (60% rumput gajah + 40% BSF U2), P5 (60% rumput gajah + 20% bungkil kedelai + 20% BSF U1), P6 (100% rumput gajah + 20% bungkil kedelai + 20% BSF U2) dan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah komposisi nutrien, kinetika dan akumulasi produksi gas, total produksi CH4, pH, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik, konsentrasi ammonia, dan konsentrasi VFA. Data diuji menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), apabila terdapat perbedaan yang nyata dilanjutkan dengan tes Duncan. Penggunaan 20% BSF U1 pada perlakuan ke-5 memilki pengaruh yang lebih baik terhadap komposisi nutrien dan kecernaan in vitro ransum jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lain yang juga menggunakan BSF. Penggunaan tepung BSF U1 dan U2 dalam ransum ruminansia dengan rasio 20% dan 40% mampu meningkatkan kadar protein, berpengaruh signifikan (P < 0.05) terhadap kecernaan bahan kering, dan sangat berpengaruh (P < 0.01) terhadap akumulasi produksi gas, total produksi CH4, konsentrasi VFA, konsentrasi ammonia, dan kecernaan bahan organik.
Keyword: black soldier fly, bungkil kedelai, kecernaan in vitro, komposisi nutrisi

Judul: Evaluasi Bahan Pakan Sumber Protein Alternatif Terhadap Kandungan Nutrien Dan Kecernaan Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tepung jangkrik, tepung ulat hongkong, dan tepung BSF (Black Soldier Fly) sebagai alternatif bahan pakan sumber protein bagi ternak ruminansia terhadap nilai nutrien dan kecernaan ditinjau secara fermentasi in vitro. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 6 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan dalam penelitian meliputi, P1 (bungkil kedelai), P2 (tepung ikan), P3 (tepung jangkrik), P4 (tepung ulat hongkong), P5 (tepung BSF umur 2 minggu), P6 (tepung BSF umur 1 minggu). Peubah yang diamati antara lain komposisi kimia, NDF, ADF, NDICP, ADICP, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik, nilai pH, konsentrasi VFA, konsentrasi amonia, total produksi gas, dan gas metan. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap total produksi gas, kecernaan pakan, nilai pH, dan konsentrasi amonia.
Keyword: black soldier fly, in vitro, jangkrik, ulat hongkong, sumber protein

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite