Judul: Studi tentang penggunaan echo sounder di Perairan Sibolga
Abstrak: Penggunaan echo sounder dalam operasi penangkapan ikan di perairan Sibolga memperlihatkan bahwa nelayan da-pat menerima inovasi teknologi kelautan sebagai sarana da-lam menunjang keberhasilan operasi penangkapan ikan. Echo sounder sebagai alat deteksi bawah air merupakan alat ban-tu dalam suatu operasi penangkapan ikan. Alat ini dapat memberikan visualisasi lebih cermat dan cepat tentang in-formasi keberadaan, posisi dan jumlah ikan atau sumberdaya hayati perairan.
Keyword: echo sounder, transducer instalation, color video sounder

Judul: Optimisasi Perikanan Purse Seine di Perairan Laut Sibolga Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Perairan laut Sibolga memiliki potensi sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil yang cukup besar, namun diduga tingkat pemanfaatannya masih belum optimum. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah : 1) mengestimasi tingkat pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan pelagis yang menjadi target penangkapan purse seine pada tingkat maximum economic yield (MEY); 2) menentukan jumlah unit penangkapan purse seine yang optimum untuk mencapai tingkat produksi dan keuntungan ekonomi yang maksimum dalam pemanfaatan sumberdaya ikan pelagis kecil; dan 3) menentukan tingkat kelayakan usaha perikanan purse seine di perairan laut Sibolga, provinsi Sumatera Utara. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dan observasi. Metode surplus produksi oleh Gordon- Schaefer digunakan untuk mengestimasi tingkat pemanfaatan pada kondisi maximum economic yield, analisis finansial digunakan untuk mengetahui tingkat kelayakan usaha dari perikanan purse seine di Sibolga dan linear goal programming digunakan untuk menentukan alokasi jumlah purse seine optimum dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya ikan pelagis tersebut. Hasil dari analisis bioekonomi menunjukkan bahwa di perairan laut Sibolga masih terbuka peluang yang sangat besar dalam memanfaatkan sumberdaya ikan pelagis tersebut. Jumlah produksi lestari (MSY) ikan pelagis kecil di Sibolga adalah sebanyak 70.200,36 ton/tahun dengan jumlah upaya penangkapan sebanyak 116.366 trip/tahun. Khusus untuk alat tangkap purse seine jumlah hasil tangkapan lestari adalah sebesar 37.555 ton/tahun dengan jumlah upaya penangkapan (effort) sebanyak 62.254 trip/tahun atau sekitar 53, 50 % dari total keseluruhan. Hasil analisis linear goal programming menunjukkan bahwa untuk mengeksploitasi ikan pelagis kecil di Sibolga disarankan jumlah alat tangkap purse seine yang digunakan adalah sebanyak 307 unit, bagan perahu sebanyak 80 unit, jaring insang hanyut sebanyak 141 unit dan gillnet sebanyak 52 unit. Hasil analisis kelayakan usaha dengan kriteria investasi menunjukkan nilai yang positif dimana nilai dari net present value (NPV) adalah sebesar Rp 79.081.971,24 internal rate of return (IRR) adalah sebesar 24, 87 %, net benefit cost ratio ( net B/C) adalah 1,26, dan payback Period selama 5 tahun. Berdasarkan dari hasil analisis finansial tersebut dapat dinyatakan bahwa perikanan purse seine di Sibolga layak untuk diteruskan.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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