Judul: Perbanyakan tanaman pelargonium graveolens L 'her. dengan kultur daun secara in vitro
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mencari komposisi medium yang optimal untuk pertumbuhan kultur daun Pelargonium graveolens L'Her, secara in vitro. Eksplan yang berupa potongan daun seluas ± 0.5 cm 2 dikulturkan pada medium Murashige dan Skoog (MS) padat yang diperkaya dengan zat pengatur tumbuh sitokinin dan auksin serta kombinasi keduanya. Percobaan disusun secara faktorial dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Untuk perlakuan pertunasan konsentrasi sitokinin yang diuji- kan ialah 0, 1, 3, 5 dan 7 mg/l, sedangkan konsentrasi auksin ialah 0, 0.5 dan 1 mg/1. Untuk perlakuan perakaran medium yang diujikan ialah medium MS dan MS1/2 ditambah NAA dengan konsentrasi 0, 0.5 dan 1 mg/1. Pada tahap aklimatisasi medium yang digunakan ialah medium pasir steril, campuran pasir dan tanah steril dengan perbandingan 1:1, serta campuran tanah dan pupuk kandang dengan perbandingan 1:1…dst
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Judul: Perbanyakan pucuk Pelargonium x hortorum dalam kultur in vitro
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh NAA dan BAP terhadap perbanyakan pucuk Pelargonium x hor- torum dalam kultur in vitro. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Jurusan Budi Daya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari bulan September 1994 sampai Juni 1995. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah pucuk terminal tanaman induk Pelargonium x hortorum cv. 'Red Ellite' asal benih yang berumur 4 bulan di lapang. Percobaan terdiri dari 3 tahap, yaitu tahap prekondi- si, inisiasi dan regenerasi. Pada tahap inisiasi digunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dua faktor. trasi NAA (0.1 ppm, 0.2 ppm). Faktor pertama konsen- Faktor kedua konsentrasi BAP (0.2 ppm, 0.5 ppm, 0.8 ppm). Tahap regenerasi menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan faktor tunggal asal perlakuan sebelumnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada tahap inisiasi pucuk Pelargonium belum berhasil tumbuh dan memperbanyak diri secara langsung, tetapi dihasilkan kalus berwarna putih kekuningan yang sangat remah. Kalus berhasil berdiferen- siasi menjadi tunas pada tahap regenerasi. Media untuk regenerasi menggunakan media padat MS dengan tambahan NAA 0.025 ppm dan BAP 0.1 ppm. NAA 0.2 ppm-BAP 0.5 ppm memberi pengaruh pertumbuhan kalus tercepat pada tahap regenerasi, serta pembentukan daerah hijau tercepat dan jumlah nodul terbanyak pada masa subkultur I. Subkultur II yang dilakukan setelah 2 minggu masa subkultur I, berpengaruh negatif terhadap daerah hijau yang telah terbentuk. Daerah hijau hilang dan kalus tidak berdiferensiasi. Tunas terbentuk pada kalus yang memiliki sedikit warna hijau saat memasuki masa subkultur II…
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite