Judul: Ukuran dan Bentuk Tubuh Kambing Perah Peranakan Etawah Di Peternakan Doa Anak Yatim Farm dan Cordero Farm
Abstrak: The study observed body size and shape variability of Etawah Grade dairy goat in Doa Anak Yatim Farm (DAYF) in Waru Tegal village, District Ciampea and Cordero Farm (CF) in Ciapus, Bogor. EG dairy goat consisted of 185 heads were divided into 97 heads in DAYF (45 males and 52 females) and 88 heads in CF (35 males and 53 females). Goat was not randomly selected (purposive sampling). Descriptive statistics indicated that body measurements of PE dairy goat in CF was higher and selected strict than in DAYF. T2-Hotelling showed highly significant (P<0.01) differences in linear measurements of body surface of EG dairy goat in DAYF and CF. Principal Component Analysis showed that the size discriminator of EG dairy goat in DAYF and in CF was similar, namely body length and chest circumference. Eigen vector of body length and chest circumference of EG dairy goat in DAYF were +0.528 and +0.550 respectively, and that of in CF were +0.476 dan +0.522 respectively. The possibility proportion of Ettawa and Local (Kacang) blood goats observed was the same. The range of PE goat size in DAYF obtained at 58.722 to 185.974 wider than those found in CF at 76.323 to 182.257. The shape discriminator of EG dairy goat in DAYF and CF was different. The shape discriminator of EG dairy goat in DAYF was 0.768, whereas that of body length in CF was 0.837. Clustered diagram showed that the body size will increase and its shape will change as the EG dairy goats from both farm are getting older.
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Judul: Ukuran dan Bentuk Kepala Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) Betina Dewasa di Tiga Peternakan.
Abstrak: This study aims to determine the size, shape and characteristics of head on goats in the Cordero, Pelaihari and Doa Anak Yatim Farms. The size and shape of the head is used to distinguish between groups morphometric characteristics of Etawah Grade Does. The variables of head measure is not noticed by the breeder, so goats adapt and have a distinctive appearance. The results of this study can be used as basic morphometric data of Etawah Grade does in Indonesia, and for the conservation. The variables measured were akrokranion-prosthion, basion-prosthion, the length of the lower jaw, head height, tuber facial left-right, nasion-rhinion, entorbitale left-right, euryon left-right dan supraorbitale left-right. The study used 90 data. The data analysis using descriptive, T2-Hotelling statistics and Principal Component Analysis were used to create clusters diagram and dendogram. Akrokranion-prosthion and basion-prosthion became discriminators of Etawah grade does head size in all three farms. Discriminatots of Etawah Grade does head shape on Cordero farm was nasion-rhinion, Pelaihari was head hight and supraorbitale, DAY Farm was euryon left-right. The data of linear measurement classified separated each other. Morphometric data of Etawah Grade does head on Cordero and DAY Farm were different class with Pelaihari.
Keyword: cluster, dendogram, Etawah Grade does, head morphometri

Judul: Natrium lignosulfonat sebagai agen pendispersi pada mortar
Abstrak: Lignosulphonate, a modification product of lignin waste from pulp and paper industry can be used as water reducer in mortar mixture. This substance can influence the mechanical characteristic of mortar such as diameter of flow, flexural strength, compressive strength, and setting time of cement paste. Lignosulphonate shows it function as dispersant on cement hydration at 3 days that analyzed with x-ray difractometer. Research result show that flow of fresh mortar rise with increase concentration (from weight of cement) of synthetic sodium lignosulphonate (NaLS). It show that mortar homogenity also increasing. The result of flexural strength and compressive strength test use synthetic NaLS 0.1-0.3% from weight of cement show that addition synthetic NaLS 0.2% is the best result because it has the biggest of flexural strenght and compressive strength value. Initial setting time of cement paste increase, about 50% with addition of synthetic NaLS 0.2%. Whereas the final setting time decrease, about 8%. Cement hydration test show increase hydration product peak, Ca(OH)2 dan calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H).
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