Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Kinerja Usaha Mikro dan Kecil (UMK) Sektor Makanan dan Minuman di Kota Bogor: Pendekatan K-Means Cluster
Abstrak: Bogor municipality has been set as the model of development of food and beverage sector Micro and Small Enterprises (MSEs) by the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs. The existence of MSEs is extremely important because it can provide cheaper and more affordable goods and services for lower and middle class society. Micro and small entreprises development efforts require information related to the characteristics of the MSEs. The main objective of this study was to analyze the factors affecting the performance of food and beverage sector MSEs in Bogor. In accordance with this objective, it was required an analysis to know the development of food and beverage sector MSEs in Bogor municipality and the factors affecting the development. The method used in this study was descriptive analysis and k-means cluster method. Based on the results of research, the factors leading to developed MSEs in cluster 2 were the right marketing method, availability of capital and the effective use of labor. Factors that inhibit the performance in cluster 1 were: 1) lack of capital, 2) lack of marketing activities, 3) difficulty to obtain raw materials, and 4) lack of labor.
Keyword: k-means cluster., food and beverage sector MSEs, business clusters

Judul: Pengaruh Karakter Kewirausahaan terhadap Kinerja UMKM Makanan dan Minuman di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Perkembangan kewirausahaan di Indonesia ditunjukkan oleh peran Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) dalam perekonomian nasional. Kota Bogor merupakan daerah yang memiliki angka perkembangan UMKM bidang makanan dan minuman yang prospektif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakter kewirausahaan dan faktor eksternal terhadap kinerja UMKM makanan dan minuman di Kota Bogor. Alat analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Partial Least Square (PLS). Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa kinerja usaha direfleksikan oleh keuntungan. Karakter kewirausahaan direfleksikan oleh orientasi masa depan, sedangkan faktor eksternal direfleksikan oleh kebijakan pemerintah. Karakter kewirausahaan dipengaruhi oleh faktor eksternal dan mempengaruhi kinerja usaha.
Keyword: kewirausahaan, kinerja, UMKM

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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