Judul: Pengaruh Keterlibatan Ayah dalam Pengasuhan, Interaksi Teman Sebaya, dan Motivasi Merokok Terhadap Perilaku Merokok Remaja
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh keterlibatan ayah dalam Pengasuhan, interaksi teman sebaya, dan motivasi merokok terhadap perilaku merokok remaja. Pengambilan data penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross-sectional study. Contoh dalam penelitian, yaitu remaja perokok berusia 13 sampai 20 tahun yang tinggal bersama ayah dan memiliki teman sebaya perokok. Jumlah contoh dalam penelitian ini adalah 42 remaja yang terpilih secara accidental sampling. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara menggunakan instrumen berupa kuesioner. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lebih dari separuh ayah memiliki keterlibatan dengan kategori sedang dan lebih dari separuh contoh berinteraksi dengan teman sebaya pada kategori sedang. Lebih dari separuh contoh berada pada kategori rendah pada variabel motivasi merokok dan seluruh remaja berada pada kategori perokok ringan. Penelitian menemukan bahwa terdapat hubungan signifikan antara pendapatan ayah, usia remaja, variabel interaksi teman sebaya, dan motivasi merokok dengan perilaku merokok remaja. Perilaku merokok remaja dipengaruhi oleh variabel interaksi teman sebaya, motivasi merokok, dan pendapatan ayah.
Keyword: keterlibatan ayah, teman sebaya, motivasi merokok, perilaku merokok remaja.

Judul: Perilaku Merokok di kalangan remaja laki-laki Desa dan Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Saat ini perilaku merokok merupakan perilaku yang sudah lazim dilakukan oleh banyak orang dalam kehidupan mereka sehari-hari. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kecenderungan tingkat ketergantungan merokok dan menganalisis aspek subyektif (tingkat pengetahuan, tingkat persepsi, peringkat pilihan motif) dan aspek obyektif (jumlah uang saku atau pendapatan, sumber uang saku atau pendapatan, dan tingkat dukungan sosial teman sebaya) remaja yang dapat mempengaruhi tingkat ketergantungan merokok remaja Laki-laki desa dan kota Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis tabulasi silang, uji statistik Rank Spearman dan Chi-Square dengan tingkat kepercayaan sebesar 95 persen atau α = 0.05. Responden contoh adalah remaja laki-laki perokok sejumlah 30 orang di Desa Cimanggu Satu dan 30 orang di Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengetahuan remaja, jumlah uang saku atau pendapatan remaja, dan sumber uang saku atau pendapatan remaja, memiliki hubungan yang nyata dengan tingkat ketergantungan merokok remaja di desa dengan α < 0.05, lain halnya dengan tingkat persepsi dan tingkat dukungan sosial teman sebaya tidak menunjukkan adanya hubungan dengan tingkat ketergantungan merokok remaja. Sementara di kota, menunjukkan bahwa semua variabel dari aspek subyektif dan aspek obyektif tidak memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat ketergantungan merokok remaja. Ada kesesuaian pilihan motif merokok remaja laki-laki di desa dan di kota., Nowadays smoking behavior is a behavior that is commonly done by many people in their daily lives. This study aims to identify the trends of the smoking dependence and analyze the subjective aspects (level of knowledge, level of perception, level of motives choice) and the objective aspects (the amount of allowance or income, allowance or income source, and the degree of peer social support) that may affect the level of smoking dependence of teenage boys in villages and city of Bogor. This study used a cross-tabulation analysis, Spearman Rank and Chi-Square statistical test with a confidence level of 95 percent or α = 0.05. The samples were 30 teenage boys in Cimanggu One village and 30 teenage boys in Kebon Kalapa village. The results showed that the knowledge level, the amount of allowance or income, and the source of allowance and income of
Keyword: Merokok, Remaja, Subyektif, Obyektif

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable