Judul: Finding Reference Intervals of Temperature, Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate of German Shepherds in Bogor, Indonesia
Abstrak: Reference intervals are ideally defined on apparently healthy individuals and should be distinguished from clinical decision limits that are derived from known diseased patients. The objectives of this research were to obtain the reference intervals of temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate of German Shepherds in Bogor, Indonesia. 13 male German Shepherd dogs were used, 8 young and 5 mature. 13 female German Shepherds were used, 5 young and 8 mature. Temperature was obtained using an infrared thermometer, heart rate was obtained using the stethoscope and respiratory rate was observed visually. The reference interval of temperature for German Shepherds using temporal artery thermometry is 38.0°C-39.0°C. The reference interval of heart rate for German Shepherds from ages 4 months to less than 2 years is 80-116 beats per minute (bpm), while from ages 2 years to 10 years is 82 to 108 bpm. The observed interval of respiratory rate for German Shepherds is 25-29 breaths per minute in ages 4 months to less than 2 years and 20-35 breath per minute in ages 2 years to 10 years. However, the results obtained does not differ due to the effects of environment temperature.
Keyword: German Shepherd, heart rate, reference intervals, respiratory rate, temperature

Judul: Surface temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate of friesian holstein crossbred under different microclimate
Abstrak: Sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein merupakan hewan yang peka terhadap perubahan kondisi mikroklimat. Inovasi teknologi sebagai alat bantu diagnosa yang efisien dan akurat seperti kamera termal inframerah sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan nilai suhu permukaan terhadap kondisi pagi dan siang hari di Kebon Pedes, Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 ekor sapi perah betina selama 5 hari dengan melakukan pemetaan citra kamera termal pada permukaan tubuh. Suhu permukaan dan suhu bagian kandang diukur menggunakan Flir One Pro Thermal Cam, suhu rektal diukur menggunakan termometer, frekuensi pernafasan dengan Go Direct® Respiration Belt Vernier, frekuensi denyut jantung dengan stetoskop, dan keadaan mikroklimat diukur menggunakan Xiaomi Mijia Thermo-Hygrometer 2. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Uji T untuk membandingkan nilai hearth rate dan respiration rate pada pagi dan siang hari. Selain itu, uji two-way dan one-way ANOVA untuk membandingkan nilai suhu permukaan regio pada pagi dan siang serta membandingkan nilai suhu permukaan antar regio. Perbedaan waktu pengambilan data pada pagi dan siang hari menghasilkan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada data fisiologis, suhu permukaan, dan mikroklimat. Analisis statistik menunjukkan suhu permukaan mata dan 4 kuartir ambing tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (P>0,05) dengan suhu rektal. Suhu permukaan ideal untuk memperkirakan suhu inti rektal adalah regio mata., The Friesian Holstein crossbred are highly sensitive to changes in microclimatic conditions. Technological innovations such as infrared thermal cameras are essential as efficient and accurate diagnostic tools. This research aimed to determine the changes in surface temperature values under morning and afternoon conditions in Kebon Pedes, Bogor. The study was conducted on three female dairy cows for five days by mapping thermal camera images on their body surfaces. Surface temperature and temperature inside the barn were measured using the Flir One Pro Thermal Cam, rectal temperature was measured using a thermometer, respiration rate was measured using the Go Direct® Respiration Belt Vernier, heart rate was measured using a stethoscope, and microclimatic conditions were measured using the Xiaomi Mijia Thermo-Hygrometer 2. Data analysis was performed using the T-test to compare heart rate and respiration rate between morning and afternoon. Additionally, two-way and one-way ANOVA were used to compare surface temperature values between morning and afternoon, as well as to compare surface temperature values among different regions. The time difference in data collection between morning and afternoon resulted in significant differences (P<0.05) in physiological data, surface temperature, and microclimate. Statistical analysis showed that the surface temperature of the eyes and the four quarters of the udder did not exhibit significant differences (P>0.05) compared to rectal temperature. The ideal surface temperature for estimating the rectal core temperature was found in the eye region.
Keyword: dairy, microclimate, surface temperature, thermal camera

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf