Judul: Fermentasi bakteri pelarut fosfat (Pseidomonas sp. ) dan penambat nitrogen (Alcaligenes sp.) untuk pupuk mikroba
Abstrak: Penggunaan pupuk mikroba merupakan alternatif untuk menggantikan pupuk kimia. Pseudomonoas sp. dan Alcaligenes sp. berpotensi sebagai pupuk mikroba pelarut fosfat dan penambat nitrogen.Produksi bakteri diawali dengan optimasi pH dan nutrien. Optimasi pH dilakukan pada kisaran pH 5.5 hingga 7.5. Optimasi nutrien dilakukan pada media King's B dengan penggantian sumber nitrogen dan sumber karbon. Sumber nitrogen pada media King's B diganti dengan hidrosilat kedelai sedangkan sumber karbon divariasikan dengan gliserol, manitol, sukrosa, dan glukosa. Kultivasi bakteri diamati dengan hitungan cawan dan mengukur pH.
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Judul: Produksi masal inokulum azotobacter, azospirillum dan bakteri pelarut fosfat dengan menggunakan media alternatif
Abstrak: Azospirillum, Azotobacter dan bakteri pelarut fosfat adalah jenis mikroba yang paling umum digunakan dalam pupuk hayati. Untuk mendapatkan inokulan pupuk hayati yang baik, tingginya jumlah sel inokulan, bahan pembawa yang baik serta metode sterilisasi merupakan faktor paling penting dalam menentukan kualitas pupuk hayati. Terkait jumlah sel inokulan dalam bahan pembawa, media tumbuh yang digunakan untuk menumbuhkan sel-sel mikroba memainkan peran yang sangat penting. Untuk produksi massa sel mikroba, media harus mampu mendukung pertumbuhan mikroba yang cepat dengan jumlah sel yang tinggi dengan harga yang murah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari media tumbuh mikroba yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan mikroba yang cepat dengan jumlah sel yang tinggi, media mudah didapatkan dan harganya murah. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Tanah, dan Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah Laboratorium, Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumberdaya Lahan, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa media IPB RI-1 dapat menghasilkan 1010 cfu/ml Azotobacter, 108 cfu/ml Azospirillum dan 109 cfu/ml Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat. Media Nutrient Broth hanya mampu menghasilkan jumlah mikrob sebanyak 108 cfu/ml media. Ini berarti bahwa media IPB RI-1 mampu meningkatkan populasi Azotobacter 100 kali lipat dan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat meningkat 10 kali lipat dari populasi mereka di dalam media Nutrient Broth. Media IPB RI-2 mampu meningkatkan populasi Azotobacter 10 kali lipat dibandingkan dengan media Nutrient Broth. Biaya bahan media IPB RI-1 dan IPB RI-2 sangat murah dibandingkan dengan biaya bahan media Nutrient Broth. Biaya bahan media IPB RI-1 hanya 3% ( Rp. 945) dan IPB RI-2 sekitar 2 % (Rp. 690) dari biaya media Nutrient Broth ( Rp.27.752).
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite