Judul: Biomassa Dan Polisakarida Mikroalga Porphyridium Cruentum Yang Dipanen Dengan Metode Berbeda Serta Inhibisi Α-Glukosidase
Abstrak: Polisakarida dan biomassa Porphyridium cruentum diketahui memiliki aktivitas dalam menghambat α-glukosidase. Kendala yang dihadapi dalam pengembangan P. cruentum ialah proses pemanenan. Proses pemanenan dalam penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode sentrifugasi, gabungan mikrofiltrasi dan sentrifugasi serta gabungan sedimentasi dan sentrifugasi. Jumlah biomassa kering dari metode sentrifugasi, gabungan mikrofiltrasi dan sentrifugasi serta gabungan sedimentasi dan sentrifugasi berturut-turut 0,37 ± 0,01 g/L, 0,58 ± 0,12 g/L, dan 2,53 ± 0,32 g/L dengan nilai IC50 inhibisi α-glukosidase dari masing-masing ekstrak 209,67 ppm, 98,35 ppm dan 39,52 ppm. Jumlah polisakarida kering dari metode sentrifugasi, mikrofiltrasi (permeat), gabungan mikrofiltrasi dan sentrifugasi, serta gabungan sedimentasi dan sentrifugasi berturut-turut 3,44 ± 0,11 g/L, 1,36 ± 0,08 g/L, 1,72 ± 0,12 g/L, dan 2,38 ± 0,85 g/L dengan nilai IC50 inhibisi α-glukosidase dari masing-masing metode 432,17 ppm, 404,58 ppm, 267,68 ppm dan 246,39 ppm.
Keyword: biomassa, inhibisi α-glukosidase, pemanenan, polisakarida, Porphyridium cruentum

Judul: Aktivitas antihiperglikemik dari biomassa dan polisakarida ekstraseluler Porphyridium cruentum sebagai inhibitor alfa glukosidase
Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit yang tidak dapat disembuhkan, tetapi dapat dikontrol dengan upaya perencanaan diet, mempertahankan bobot badan normal dan melakukan cukup olah raga. Obat hanya diberikan jika setelah melakukan berbagai upaya tersebut secara maksimal tidak berhasil mengendalikan kadar glukosa darah. Salah satu jenis obat antidiabetik oral adalah golongan inhibitor α-glukosidase. Porphyridium cruentum merupakan mikroalga merah penghasil polisakarida ekstraseluler yang diduga mempunyai aktivitas inhibitor α-glukosidase yang menghambat pemecahan karbohidrat menjadi glukosa. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan kurva pertumbuhan Porphyridium cruentum, mendapatkan dan mengukur polisakarida ekstraseluler dan biomassa kering dari Porphyridium cruentum, dan menganalisis aktivitas antihiperglikemik pada polisakarida ekstraseluler dan biomassa kering dari Porphyridium cruentum Fase pertumbuhan pada kultur Porphyridium cruentum meliputi fase lag, fase log, fase stasioner dan fase kematian. Fase lag terjadi sampai hari pertama, fase log terjadi pada umur 1 sampai 5 hari, fase stasioner pada umur 5 sampai 9 hari, dan setelah hari ke-9 telah memasuki masa kematian. Pemanenan dilakukan pada umur 12 hari dengan jumlah polisakarida ekstraseluler 0,215 gram/10 ml. Biomassa kering mempunyai kadar air 11,67%, kadar abu 38,34%, kadar protein 5,54%, kadar lemak 0,33%, dan kadar karbohidrat 44,12%. Selain itu juga diukur komponen aktif secara fitokimia. Biomassa kering mengandung komponen alkaloid, fenol hidrokuinon dan flavonoid, sedangkan polisakarida ekstraseluler mengandung komponen fenol hidrokuinon. Nilai inhibisi α-glukosidase pada ekstrak air biomassa kering Porphyridium cruentum didapatkan nilai rata-rata 33,82%, sedangkan nilai inhibisi α-glukosidase pada polisakarida Porphyridium cruentum didapatkan nilai rata-rata 71,57% dengan kontrol positif (acarbose) mempunyai nilai inhibisi sebesar 91%.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite