Judul: Pola keragaman genetik berbagai varietas abaka (Musa textilis Nee.) dan Musa sp. lain melalui analisis RAPD
Abstrak: Abaka merupakan tanaman penghasil serat yang digunakan dalam berbagai industri. Indonesia memiliki potensi dalam pengembangan tanaman tersebut. Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari keragaman genetik 30 nomor tanaman abaka dan Musa sp. lain hasil eksplorasi dari daerah Bogor, Serang, Malang, Banyuwangi, dan Palu berdasarkan pola pita hasil random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Primer yang digunakan dalam proses RAPD sebanyak lima buah, yaitu primer abi 11717, abi 11718, OPB 18, OPC 15, dan OPD 08. Hasil RAPD dicatat berdasarkan ada atau tidaknya pita, dan dianalisis menggunakan program SIMQUAL-similarity for qualitative data yang ada pada Numerical Taxопоту and Multivariate Analysis System (NTSys) versi 1.80. Keragaman genetik ditentukan berdasarkan metode. Unweight Pair Group Methode by Average (UPGMA). Pola pita DNA yang dihasilkan sebanyak 69 pola pita dengan ukuran antara 0,25-3 kb. Jumlah pita DNA per nomor tanaman adalah 1-9 pita. Rata-rata jumlah pita dari masing-masing tanaman sebanyak 4 pita. Dendogram menghasilkan dua kelompok tanaman, yakni kelompok A dan B dengan kesamaan genetik sekitar 47%. Kelompok A berjumlah 14 tanaman dan terbagi ke dalam 7 sub kelompok. Sedangkan kelompok B terdiri dari 16 tanaman dan terbagi ke dalam 5 sub kelompok. Tanaman nomor 1, 2, 3, dan 5 diperkirakan termasuk ke dalam spesies atau varietas yang sama, juga nomor 10, 16, dan 19, serta nomor 20 dan 23.
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Judul: The study of genetic diversity and relationship on Musa spp. by mean random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
Abstrak: Banana (Musa spp.) is belonging to the family Musaceae, a genus Musa. The cultivated bananas are developed from natural hybridization of two wild species of bananas, Musa acuminata Cola. (A) and Musa balbisiana Cola. (B). Banana is originated from South East Asia include indonesia. The biggest gemplasm collection in indonesia is belong to agricultural section of Yogyakarta province, that comprise 379 accesion of banana. In this study 17 accesions of Musa spp. obtained from the Jogyakarta collection, was subjected for there genetic variability base on morphological performance and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Base on six morphological analyses it was revealed that the genotypes separated into dendogram of 36.63% level of similarity. At 60.09% level of similarity the accesion separated into five main groups. Difficulties on DNA extraction of the banana was observed in this study to overcame the problem secondary products, all of sample preparation treatment was conducted. The results showed that sample taken without aluminum wrapping, stored at extraction buffer without mercaptoethanol, and finally extracted with 65°C preheated buffer extract was successfully use to extract DNA at level at sufficient for RAPD analysis. RAPD analysis was successfully amplified a total 26 fragments (100%) polymorphic from these DNA genom by using eight primer. The number of fragments of each primer ranged from 1-9 on average was 3.25 fragments per primer. Subsequently, a dendogram based on UPGMA-link method using Nei and Li similarity and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot analysis revealed that the genotypes separate at 27% level of similarity, and when separated at 75% level of similarity the genotypes were clustered into three groups. This study also revealed, that RAPD analysis was able to elucidate genetic variety at higher level than morphological characteristic, confirm the potential of RAPD analysis as a tool for genetic variability analysis.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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