Judul: Evaluasi Radiografi Tandur Tulang Bifasik Kalsium Fosfat pada Kelinci
Abstrak: Hidroksiapatit (HA) dan beta-trikalsium fosfat (β-TKF) merupakan tandur tulang yang telah banyak digunakan, baik sebagai bahan penelitian maupun produk komersial. Kombinasi dari kedua material tersebut dikenal dengan bifasik kalsium fosfat (BKF). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menguji dua kombinasi BKF yang berbeda melalui evaluasi radiografi. Kombinasi pertama tersusun atas 70% HA dan 30% β-TKF (BKF1) sementara kombinasi kedua tersusun atas 60% HA dan 40% β-TKF (BKF2). Penanaman BKF dilakukan dengan operasi aseptis pada sepertiga proksimomedial os tibia sinistra. Sebagai kontrol, defek dibuat pada os tibia dextra dengan ukuran dan posisi yang sama dengan BKF. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa laju biodegradasi BKF2 lebih cepat daripada BKF1. Hal ini terlihat dari penurunan rasio densitas radiografi dan luas BKF2 yang lebih besar daripada BKF1 hingga hari ke-90 pascaoperasi. Penurunan rasio densitas radiografi BKF2 yang lebih besar daripada BKF1 terjadi secara signifikan (p<0.05) mulai dari hari ke-30 hingga hari ke-90 antarkelompok perlakuan. Akan tetapi, persembuhan tulang terjadi lebih cepat pada kontrol daripada BKF1 dan BKF2.
Keyword: biodegradasi, BKF, densitas radiografi, persembuhan tulang

Judul: Radiographic  evaluation  of  biphasic  calcium  phosphate  (bcp)  bone  graft  in  sheep
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membandingkan tandur tulang bifasik kalsium fosfat (BKF) secara in vivo. Tandur tulang BKF adalah kombinasi hidroksiapatit (HAp) dan β-trikalsium fosfat (β-TKF). Delapan belas ekor domba dibagi menjadi dua grup. Grup pertama menerima BKF1 (kombinasi HAp 70%:β-TKF 30%)dan grup kedua menerima BKF2 (HAp 60%:β-TKF 40%). Kedua tandur tulang dibuat dalam bentuk pelet dan ditanamkandengan operasi aseptis pada bagian 1/3 proximo medial tulang tibia kanan. Sebagai kontrol pada medial tulang tibia kiri dilubangi tanpa pemberian tandur tulang. Pemeriksaan radiografi tulang tibia domba dilakukan pada hari ke-0 praoperasi, pascaoperasi, hari ke-7, 30, 60, dan 90 pascaoperasi. Parameter yang diamati adalah luas lesio, rasio densitas radiografi, radiopasitas, marginasi, bentuk tandur, dan bentuk kerusakan tulang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tandur tulang BKF2 mempunyai biodegradasi yang lebih baik dibandingkan tandur tulang BKF1. Hal ini terlihat dari penurunan rasio densitas radiografi dan luas BKF2 yang lebih besar daripada BKF1 hingga hari ke-90 pascaoperasi. Akan tetapi, persembuhan tulang terjadi lebih cepat pada kontrol daripada BKF1 dan BKF2., The study was conducted to evaluate in vivo bone graft biphasic calcium phosphat (BCP). Bone graft BCP is combination of hydroxyapatite (HAp) and β-tricalcium phospate (β-TCPl. Eighteen domestic sheeps were divided into two groups. Each group recieved different combination of BCP. The first group received BCP1 (HAp 70%:β-TCP 30%) and the second received BCP2 (HAp 60%:β-TCP 40%). Both of the bone grafts were shaped into a pellet form and were implanted under aseptic surgery on the 1/3 proximomedial of right tibia bone. The left tibia bone was drilled without bone graft as control. Bone graft were subjected to radiographic examination before and after surgery. Continously radiographic evaluation also performed at 7 th , 30 th , 60 th , and 90 th day postoperative. The observation parameters were lesion area width, radiographic density ratio, radiopacity, margination, the shape of bone graft, and control under radiographic evaluation. The result shown that BCP2 had better biodegradability properties than BCP1. This was evident from the decreased in the radiographic density ratio a nd area of BCP2 greater than BCP1 until ninetieth days postoperative. However, bone healing occurred more rapidly in controls than BCP1 and BCP2.
Keyword: BKF, densitas radiografi, evaluasi radiografi, tandur tulang

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite