Judul: Genetic parameters estimation of agronomic and quality traits and selection high yielding sorghum lines in acid soil
Abstrak: Sorghum is a crop that has potential to be developed as an alternative food because sorghum is a source of carbohydrate and the content of protein, calcium and vitamin B1 is higher than corn and rice. Furthermore, sorghum has potency to be developed as raw material for bioethanol. The adaptation of sorghum in dry environment is suitable to be developed on dry land in Indonesia which is dominated by acid soil. The purpose of this study was to obtain genetic parameters of agronomic and quality traits of sorghum in acid soil and to obtain tolerant and high yielding sorghum lines. The study was divided into three experiments conducted at UPTD of Dry Land Tenjo. Genetic material used in experiments 1 and 3 was F4 and F5 generations from crosses between UPCA S1 (sensitive to acid soil) and Numbu (tolerant to acid soil). Genetic material used in the second trial was six mutant lines and four national varieties. The results showed that there was high variation on stem weight, biomass weight, grain weight/plant, total sugar content and harvest index. The variation of the content of amylose, amylopectin and protein was low, while the tannin content showed a wide variation. The result of selection based on grain weight/ plant and biomass weight could potentially generate 14 genotypes tolerant to acid soil and high yielding. Selection based on grain weight/plant and weight of biomass was effective in acid soil.
Keyword: 

Judul: Physiological adaptation of Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to aluminum toxicity and phosphorous deficiency in acid soils.
Abstrak: Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench) is an ideal crop to be developed as food diversification and source of bioethanol in Indonesia because this crop has high adaptability to be grown in dry lands. From a total of 148.2 millions ha dry land in Indonesia, an estimated are of 108 millions ha are acid soil (ultisols). Acid soils have low fertility and Al toxicity which are major constraints for crop production in acid soil. For sorghum production in acid dry lands, sorghum varieties having high adaptation to acid soil have to be developed. The objectives of this study was to obtain complete information about the physiological adaptation to aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency which can be used as the character selection in breeding program to obtain the tolerant sorghum in acid soils. The genotypes used was Numbu (Tolerant), ZH-30-29-07 (Tolerant), B-69 (sensitive) and B-75 (sensitive) from selected on acid soils in Lampung. The study on physiological mechanism of sorghum adaptation to acid soils has resulted in information that the main limiting factor in soghum growth in acid soil was phosphorous deficiency. Under sufficient P, without liming, the sensitive genotype produced similar yield. The tolerant genotype, Numbu and ZH30-29-07 showed higher ability to maintain root growth under Al stress and P deficiency. The tolerant genotypes also showed higher ability to absorp nutient under low P condition compared to sensitive genotypes. The lowest concentration of 74 μM Al can reduce the growth in all genotypes tested. The longer the sorghum roots exposed to the stress, the higher the value of scoring and the accumulation of aluminum in the roots under Al toxicity. Sorghum genotypes had specific absorption rate was high, but it was not followed by increasing of roots length, roots dry weight and shoot dry weight. Specific absorption rate is more affected by Al stress rather than increasing level of P. Genotype ZH-30-29-07 were tolerant in identified in acid soils showed the moderate response to Al toxicity in nutrient solution. The higher aluminum concentration leading to greater plant growth inhibition. The tolerant genotypes had the internal mechanism (tolerance) in the face under low P condition by increasing the efficiency of internal phosphor (interrelated), otherwise the sensitive genotype had the external mechanism (avoidance) through increased P absorption or total P . There was no relationship between the use efficiency of P with total P content of plant both in testing using the acid soils in rhizotron and nutrient solution.
Keyword: 

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology