Judul: Perbandingan Usahatani Caisin Petani Mitra Dan Non Mitra di Kecamatan Megamendung
Abstrak: The objective of this research is to alaysis out income comparison and implementation between partnership and non-partnership Caisin farmer. Sub-district Megamendung decided to be an area for research due to this region can served enough data for Caisin as a primer comodity, supported by its geographical condition which suitable for plant growth. Primer and secunder data used as a method for determine this case. Sampling method did in 3 ways. Result showed that average income of total cost for each hectare is Rp 16,246,356 for partnership farmer while non-partnership farmer have Rp 10,775,454 as average income. Comparison result between partnership and non-partnership caisin farmer use R/C ratio was 2.53 for partnership farmer and 2.03 for non-partnership farmer, same for ratio of total cost. This matter showed that income for each unit cost used for partnership farmer higher than non-partnership farmer. Same condition for R/C ratio of total cost. We can conclude that farming did by partnership, nor non-partnership was profitable. But, partnership farming was more profitable due to R/C ratio higher than non-partnership farming. It shows partnership farming is more efficient than farming did by non-partnership farmer. Based on farming cost calculation, partnership can increase caisin farmer income. Throughout of all this partnership and non-partnership matter, profit got by partnership farmer bigger than the other one. Not only cost, but also buliding and controlling in maintenance period which did by company to efficiently production input for maximum result.
Keyword: R / C ratio,, Contract Farming, Efficiency, Caisin

Judul: Comparison of Income and Marketing of Cooperative Farmers Partners and Non-Partners of Alif (Al-Ittifaq) Cooperative, Bandung Regency
Abstrak: Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi petani wortel di Desa Alamendah adalah rendahnya harga jual yang diterima petani. Petani mitra Koperasi Pesantren (Kopontren) Alif (Al-Ittifaq) yang terletak di Kecamatan Rancabali menyediakan saluran pemasaran ke supermarket-supermarket besar sehingga petani berpotensi menerima harga yang diterima yang lebih tinggi, tetapi masih ada petani wortel di sekitar wilayah koperasi yang tidak bermitra. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan petani mitra dan non-mitra dengan menggunakan analisis R/C ratio dan uji beda Independent Sample t-test serta perbedaan efisiensi pemasaran dengan analisis marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share, dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata pendapatan atas biaya total antara petani mitra dan non-mitra. Dari saluran pemasaran yang terbentuk oleh pemasaran wortel yang dilakukan petani mitra dan non-mitra, saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien untuk petani adalah saluran pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh petani non-mitra, yaitu saluran pemasaran yang terdiri dari tengkulak, pedagang besar, dan pedagang pengecer., One of the obstacles faced by carrot farmers in Alamendah Village is the low selling price received by farmers. Alif Islamic Boarding School Cooperative (Kopontren) partner farmers (Al-Ittifaq) located in Rancabali District provide marketing channels to large supermarkets so that farmers have the potential to receive higher prices, but there are still carrot farmers around the cooperative area who are not partners. This research was conducted to analyze the differences in the income of partner farmers and non-partners by using R/C ratio analysis and Independent Sample t-test as well as differences in marketing efficiency using marketing margin analysis, farmer's share, and profit to cost ratio. The results showed that there were differences in the average income over total costs between partner and non-partner farmers. Of the marketing channels formed by the marketing of carrots by partner and non-partner farmers, the most efficient marketing channel for farmers is the marketing channel by non-partner farmers, namely marketing channels consisting of middlemen, wholesalers, and retailers.
Keyword: horticulture, carrot, farming

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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