Judul: Penapisan Pseudomonas spp. dari Rizosfer Tanaman Kedelai yang Berpotensi sebagai Rizobakteria Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman dan Biokontrol Fungi Patogen
Abstrak: Sejumlah bakteri mempunyai peranan penting di bidang pertanian karena berperan dalam berbagai proses kunci pada ekosistem seperti sebagai biokontrol patogen tanaman, pada siklus nutrisi, dan persemaian. Bakteri yang berperan di bidang pertanian tersebut mempunyai karakteristik mampu memacu pertumbuhan tanaman (Plant-Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria, PGPR), dengan karakter dapat berkoloni di rizosfer, mampu memproduksi berbagai hormon pertumbuhan, yaitu asam indol asetat (indol acetic acid, IAA), asam giberelin, sitokinin dan etilen; menambat N2, menekan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme fitopatogen dengan memproduksi siderofor, -1,3-glukanase, kitinase, antibiotik dan sianida; melarutkan fosfat; dan penyedia nutrien lainnya. Salah satu bakteri yang ditemukan secara luas di dalam ekosistem tanah rizosfer adalah Pseudomonas spp., yang mampu mendegradasi dan menggunakan sejumlah besar senyawa organik, berinteraksi dengan tanaman dan berasosiasi dalam rizosfer. Beberapa galur Pseudomonas mampu memproduksi siderofor dan IAA, melarutkan fosfat, dan menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan secara in vitro. Dengan adanya kemampuan ini, beberapa Pseudomonas spp. merupakan bakteri yang dapat berperan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman dan sekaligus sebagai agen biokontrol mikroba patogen tanaman.
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Judul: Rizobakteria Bacillus sp. Asal Tanah Rizosfer Kedelai Yang Berpotensi Sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan Tanaman
Abstrak: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) merupakan bakteri tanah di sekitar perakaran. PGPR berpotensi meningkatkan produktivitas dan pertumbuhan tanaman. PGPR dapat memberi keuntungan bagi pertumbuhan tanaman dengan menggunakan kemampuannya dalam memproduksi hormon pertumbuhan, seperti asam indol asetat, asam giberelin, sitokinin dan etilen. Selain itu beberapa rizobakteria juga memiliki kemampuan dalam menambat N2, menekan pertumbuhan mikroorganisme fitopatogen dengan cara memproduksi siderofor, β-1-3-glukanase, kitinase, antibiotik dan sianida serta kemampuannya dalam melarutkan fosfat. Kemampuan tersebut bermanfaat bagi tumbuhan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan ketersediaan fosfat, sedangkan siderofor yang diproduksi oleh rizobakteria dapat memacu pertumbuhan tanaman dengan cara mengikat besi (Fe3+) yang jumlahnya terbatas di daerah rizosfer untuk berkompetisi dengan mikrob fitopatogen. Bacillus sp. dapat menghasilkan fitohormon yang digunakan tumbuhan untuk membantu pertumbuhan baik pemanjangan akar, perkecambahan biji maupun meningkatkan perkembangan tajuk dan pembungaan. Peran Bacillus sp. dalam memproduksi asam indol asetat telah diteliti, namun informasi tentang kesatuan karakter Bacillus sp. sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman belum banyak dilaporkan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut maka pada penelitian ini akan difokuskan pada isolasi beserta karakterisasi Bacillus sp. baik produksi IAA dan karakter lain yang berkaitan dengan pemacuan pertumbuhan tanaman.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite