Judul: Sifat Fisis Kayu Maesopsis eminii Engl. Termodifikasi Asam Borat, Minyak Nabati, dan Pemanasan
Abstrak: Kayu manii (Maesopsis eminii Engl.) merupakan jenis cepat tumbuh dengan kelas awet rendah (IV) sehingga memerlukan pengawetan. Pengawet asam borat bersifat ramah lingkungan namun mudah mengalami ketercucian. Penambahan minyak nabati dan pemanasan diharapkan dapat memperbaiki sifat ketercucian pada asam borat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh perlakuan impregnasi asam borat, minyak nabati (mimba, nyamplung, kemiri), dan pemanasan terhadap sifat fisis kayu manii. Kayu manii diimpregnasi bertingkat dengan asam borat dan minyak nabati pada tekanan 7 kg cm-2 selama 4 jam, dilanjutkan dengan pemanasan suhu 70 ℃ dan 140 ℃ selama 4 jam. Pengujian mencakup kerapatan, berat jenis, ketercucian, daya serap air, stabilitas dimensi, dan perubahan warna. Hasil penelitian menunjukan perlakuan asam borat dan minyak nabati mempengaruhi nilai kerapatan, berat jenis, ketercucian, daya serap air, stabilitas dimensi, dan perubahan warna. Pemanasan suhu 140 ℃ menghasilkan peningkatan sifat fisis kayu lebih baik dari suhu 70 ℃. Penambahan minyak kemiri setelah perlakuan asam borat dengan suhu 140 ℃ menghasilkan peningkatan sifat fisis kayu manii yang paling baik seperti menaikan nilai kerapatan dan berat jenis, meningkatkan stabilitas dimensi, menahan ketercucian asam borat dengan perubahan warna kayu yang lebih merata dan menarik., Manii wood is a fast growing wood with a low durability class (IV) so it requires preservation. Boric acid preservative is environmentally friendly but easily being leached. The addition of vegetable oil and heat treatment were expected to restrain the leaching of boric acid. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of impregnation treatment of boric acid, vegetable oils (neem, tamanu, hazelnut), and heat treatment on the physical properties of manii wood. Manii woods were double impregnated with boric acid and vegetable oils at a pressure of 7 kg cm-2 for 4 hours and heat treated at 70 ℃ and 140 ℃ for 4 hours. The physical properties tests of wood samples included density, specific gravity, leaching, water absorption, dimensional stability, and color changes. The results showed that the treatment of boric acid and vegetable oils affected the density, specific gravity, leaching, water absorption, dimensional stability, and color changes of manii wood. Heat treatment at 140 ℃ resulted in better physical properties of manii wood than 70 ℃ heating. The hazelnut oil treatment after boric acid preservation resulted in the best physical properties improvement of manii wood, such as increasing the density and specific gravity, improving dimensional stability, reducing preservative leaching and changing the color to be more even and attractive.
Keyword: boric acid, heat treatment, impregnation, physical properties, vegetable oil

Judul: Ketahanan Kayu Maesopsis eminii  Termodifikasi Asam Borat, Minyak Nabati, dan Pemanasan dari Rayap
Abstrak: Kayu manii (Maesopsis eminii) termasuk jenis cepat tumbuh yang memiliki keawetan rendah. Ketahanannya terhadap rayap tanah dan rayap kayu kering termasuk kelas V. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh asam borat, minyak nabati, dan pemanasan terhadap ketahanan kayu manii dari serangan rayap tanah dan rayap kayu kering. Impregnasi dilakukan secara bertingkat menggunakan asam borat dan minyak nabati (minyak mimba, minyak nyamplung, dan minyak kemiri). Tekanan yang digunakan dalam proses impregnasi sebesar 7 kg cm-2 selama 4 jam. Pemanasan menggunakan oven pada suhu 70 ºC atau 140 ºC selama 4 jam. Pengujian ketahanan kayu terhadap rayap tanah dan rayap kayu kering mengacu pada SNI 7207:2014. Interaksi perlakuan asam borat dan minyak nabati berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap nilai kehilangan berat kayu manii dalam pengujian rayap tanah dan rayap kayu kering, sedangkan perlakuan pemanasan tidak berpengaruh nyata. Kombinasi asam borat dan minyak kemiri menghasilkan peningkatan ketahanan kayu manii dari rayap tanah dan rayap kayu kering yang paling baik., Manii (Maesopsis eminii) wood is a fast growing species, but has low durability. Its resistance to subterranean termites and drywood termites is classified to class V. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of boric acid, vegetable oil, and heat treatments on the resistance of manii wood against subterranean termites and dry wood termites. Double impregnation treatment used boric acid and vegetable oil (neem oil, tamanu oil, and candlenut oil). The pressure in the impregnation process was 7 kg cm-2 for 4 hours. Heat treatment used an oven at 70 ºC or 140 ºC for 4 hours. The resistance of wood against subterranean termites and dry wood termites was tested according to SNI 7207:2014. The interaction of boric acid and vegetable oils treatments had a very significant effect on the weight loss of manii wood due to subterranean termites and drywood termites, while the heat treatment had no significant effect. The combination of boric acid and candlenut oil resulted in the best resistance of manii wood against subterranean termites and dry wood termites.
Keyword: Asam borat, Kayu manii, Minyak nabati, Pemanasan, Rayap

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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