Judul: Faktor-Faktor Yang Membentuk Intensi Berwirausaha Serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Dan Kinerja Pedagang Kaki Lima Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Street Vendors are a form of informal sector in people economy. The rapid growth of street vendors gives a contribution to the region economy such as labour opportunity. The objectives of this study takes are: to identify the street vendors’ characteristics, to analyze relation between street vendors’ characteristics and entrepreneurial intention, to identify and to analyze factors that establishing the entrepreneurial intention, to analyze the relation between entrepreneurial intention and street vendors’ performance, and to analyze the relation between entrepreneurial intention and street vendors’ entrepreneurial behavior. The data were obtained from the questionnaire distributed to 122 respondents. The data were analyzed using partial least square with SmartPLS Software. In the analysis of the initial model, it was obtained eleven indicators which less than 0,50. The repairs of the model carried out by executing the eleven indicators. The result of the analysis are (1) the majority of the Street Vendors are male, aged under 40 years, junior high school graduated, came from Bogor, member of family less than 4 peoples, never worked, untrained, capital less than IDR 3 milion, experienced more than 10 years, operating for 6.5-9 hours per day, his own business, and brutto’s income between IDR 250,000 to IDR 500,000; (2) the Street Vendors’ Characteristics unrelated with the Entrepreneurial Intention; (3) Demography factor and External Environmental are have insignificant positive effect to Entrepreneurial Intention, but Personality factor is have significant positive effect to entrepreneurial intention; (4) the Entrepreneurial Intention is have insignificant positive effect to entrepreneurial performance but significant positive to entrepreneurial behavior. Furthermore, in order to evaluate the goodness of fit of the model, further research both productivity and market share using the model should be conducted.
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Judul: Perilaku Kewirausahaan pada Usaha Mikro Kecil (UMK) di Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Entrepreneurial was believed as the wheel of economic growth, as well as entrepreneur is also regarded as an innovator in economic development. The high percentage of the number of entrepreneurs in a country have correlation with the growing well economy (Schumpeter in Casson et al 2006). Data from Kemenkop stated that dominant business in Indonesia is from Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) with a percentage of 90 %. Nevertheless, this business owner is not counted as an entrepreneur in accordance with Kemenkop assessment. This is associated with the accorded data of number entrepreneurs in Indonesia during 2013, only range about 1.90 % of the total population in Indonesia. This percentage is still very small compared to other Asian countries, Referring to the definition of entrepreneur as an individual who has the ability to create something, to work alone, and to face the risk by leveraging existing opportunities (Casson et al 2006). Empowering the Micro Small Enterprises (MSEs) is one of the best strategic plan because of it has not only great potential in activating economic activities, but also for increasing source of income to improve the welfare of community. Small micro-business is a business that is able to withstand the crisis, as well as micro enterprises that produce tempe in Indonesia. This enterprises has unique characteristics and supply raw materials for producing tempe 100 % derived from soybean imports. Thus, the price change of soybeans will directly influence to business development and also the behavior of producers in negotiating for these circumstances. This enterprises was mostly hereditary, traditional, and small scale home business. However, despite these enterprises are constrained by prices of raw materials and capital, entrepreneurs persist to exist for years despite business growth is not significant . Thus, that behaviors underlying above are the basis on this entrepreneurial behavior research in MSEs. The purpose of this study were (1) identify the characteristics of entrepreneurs in MSE industry (2) analyze the effect of entrepreneurial characteristics and the business climate for entrepreneurial behavior (3) analyze the effect of entrepreneurial behavior on its performance. This research was conducted in Bogor, West Java from November 2014 until July 2015. The number of samples was 121 respondents, taken with purposive sampling technique. Primary data was collected by direct interviews with questionnaire. Data were analyzed with descriptive analysis and multivariate analysis with Structural Equation Models (SEM). Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the characteristics of entrepreneurs, while SEM is used to analyze the relationship between exogenous latent variables of entrepreneurial characteristics and the business climate with latent variables of entrepreneurial behavior and perspective business performance. Descriptive analysis showed that entrepreneurial characteristics was found on the MSE, and increasing scale of production it will be influence on entrepreneurial characteristics. The results of SEM analysis showed that internal factors entrepreneurial characteristics (EC) has a strong influence on entrepreneurial behavior of producer (MSEs). The most variable that reflecting the entrepreneurial character tempe is innovative character. Innovative characteristics that was conducted by producer is innovate on the product, change the size, make a kind of super quality tempe, or make tempe
Keyword: entrepreneurial behavior, entrepreneurial characteristics micro small enterprises (MSES), structural equation models (SEM), tempe industrial

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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