Judul: The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Unemployment in Indonesia
Abstrak: Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) yang pesat diharapkan dapat secara efektif mengatasi berbagai isu ekonomi termasuk pengangguran di negara-negara berkembang. Pengangguran dapat membuka lapangan kerja baru dan meningkatkan kesempatan kerja bagi masyarakat. Namun, data pengangguran di Indonesia menunjukkan fluktuasi atau tidak membentuk pola tertentu pada 2010-2021. Selain itu, para peneliti memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai pengaruh perkembangan TIK terhadap pengangguran baik secara total maupun menurut kelompok umur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan TIK di Indonesia dan mengetahui pengaruh perkembangan TIK terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode panel dinamis dan menggunakan data 33 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 sampai 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga model, yaitu model pengangguran total, model pengangguran usia muda, dan model pengangguran usia dewasa. Hasil estimasi model menunjukkan bahwa pengguna telepon seluler berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif hanya pada model pengangguran total sedangkan pengguna internet tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada ketiga model. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus fokus pada peningkatan jangkauan jaringan telepon seluler dan melakukan investasi pada infrastruktur penunjang lain di Indonesia., The rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is expected to effectively address various economic issues including unemployment in developing countries. Unemployment can open new jobs and increase employment opportunities for many people. However, unemployment data in Indonesia shows fluctuations trends in 2010-2021. The unemployment rate has been increasing and decreasing over time, without forming a clear pattern. In addition, researchers have different views on the effect of ICT development on unemployment both in total and by age group. This study aims to describe the development of ICT in Indonesia and determine the effect of ICT development on unemployment in Indonesia. This research uses the dynamic panel method and uses data from 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2021. This study uses three models, namely the total unemployment model, the youth unemployment model, and the adult unemployment model. The model estimation results show that mobile phone users have a significant and negative effect only on the total unemployment model while internet users have no significant effect on all three models. Therefore, the government should focus on increasing the coverage of mobile phone networks and invest to other supporting infrastructure in Indonesia.
Keyword: adult unemployment, dynamic panel, ICT, unemployment, youth unemployment

Judul: Analysis of the Effect of Information and Communication Technology on Economic Growth and Poverty in Indonesia
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan penduduk sebagai faktor pendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi memiliki dampak negatif, yaitu meningkatkan kemiskinan. Oleh karena itu, perlu stimulus lain untuk mendorong pertumbuhan ekonomi dan menurunkan kemiskinan melalui kemajuan teknologi. Di era globalisasi TIK memiliki peran membangun konektivitas antar daerah yang akan memudahkan untuk berinteraksi baik intra maupun antar daerah yang akan menguntungkan baik dari sisi ekonomi maupun sosial. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh TIK terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Analisis data menggunakan metode regresi data panel dengan Fixed Effect Model (FEM), yaitu 34 provinsi dengan periode tahun 2015-2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa akses-infrastruktur, penggunaan, keahlian, penanaman modal dalam negeri, jalan, listrik berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, kemiskinan berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Selain itu, akses-infrastruktur, penggunaan, angka harapan hidup, rata-rata lama sekolah berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan, keahlian dan gini berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan. Kata kunci: Kemiskinan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, TIK, Population growth as a factor driving economic growth has a negative impact, namely increasing poverty. Therefore, another stimulus is needed to encourage economic growth and reduce poverty through technological advances. In the era of globalization, ICT has a role in building connectivity between regions that will make it easier to interact both intra and between regions which will benefit both from an economic and social perspective. This study aims to analyze the influence of ICT on economic growth and poverty in Indonesia. The data analysis used the panel data regression method with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM), namely 34 provinces with the 2015-2019 period. The results showed that access to infrastructure, use, skill, domestic investment, roads, electricity had a positive and significant effect, poverty had a negative and significant effect on economic growth. In addition, access to infrastructure, use, life expectancy, the average length of schooling have a negative and significant effect, skill and gini have a positive and significant effect on poverty. Keyword: Economic Growth, ICT, Poverty
Keyword: Economic Growth, ICT, Poverty

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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