Judul: Produksi Ookista Eimeria spp pada Ayam Dengan Pemberian Larutan Biji Labu (Cucurbita Moschata) Berbagai Konsentrasi
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan ayam broiler dari strain Isa Vedette dimana ayam tersebut dibagi dalam 4 kelompok dan diberi 5 perlakuan: Perlakuan dengan pemberian biji labu 1%,10%, 20%, perlakuan dengan pemberian koksidiostat dan kontrol positif Ayam yang telah terinfeksi secara alami diberi larutan labu 1%, 10%,20% dan koksidiostat sesuai dengan kelompok masing-masing. Obat-obat tersebut diberi dengan menggunakan metode 3-2-3 (3 hari pemberian, 2 hari tidak diberi, 3 hari pemberian) yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan spoit melalui mulut lansung ke tembolok. Tinja dari tiap kelompok ayam dikoleksi dari hari ke no1 sampai hari ke 14 lalu diperiksa di bawah mikroskop dengan menggunakan kamar hitung Mc. Master. Parameter yang diamati adalah ada tidaknya ookista di dalam tinja.
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Judul: Infeksi Eimeria tenella pada ayam broiler:jumlah ookista setelah penambahan saponin
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tenella (E. tenella) pada feses dari litter. Lima puluh ekor ayam broiler galur Cobb digunakan dalam penelitian, dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan. Saponin dengan konsentrasi 75 ppm dan 150 ppm diberikan sejak ayam berumur satu hari (day-old chick/DOC) didalam pakan. Sebagai pembanding, koksidiostat (maduramicin) 6 ppm diberikan dengan cara yang sama. Infeksi E. tenella dengan dosis 1×10¹ ookista bersporulasi diberikan pada saat ayam berumur 14 hari secara peroral. Pengambilan sampel feses dari litter dilakukan pada hari ke 0 (sebelum infeksi), hari ke 4, 7, 11 dan 14 pasca infeksi (pi), kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan feses menggunakan metode pengapungan dan diteruskan dengan penghitungan jumlah ookista E. tenella menggunakan kamar hitung Mc Master dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 100x. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan saponin ke dalam pakan dengan berbagai konsentrasi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (p>0.05) terhadap jumlah ookista E. tenella dalam feses dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif pada hari ke 7, 11 dan 14 pi.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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