Judul: In vitro propagation and micro bulb induction of shallot
Abstrak: Shallot growers use harvested bulbs as propagules for the next planting. The use of the bulbs may cause degenerative diseases. Therefore, propagation system of shallot must be sought. A series of experiments were conducted in the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture IPB and the University of Queensland from May 2007 to July 2011. The first objective in this experiment was to determine the effect of explant storage duration on in vitro shoot multiplication of shallot. The experimental results showed storage length affected the growth of culture. Twomonth stored bulbs gave the best results on the number of micro shoots, number of leaves and roots and less vitrification. Four-week-old shoots were the best used for micro-propagules in shallot micro bulb induction. The objective of the second experiment was to determine the effect of temperature on the formation of shallot micro bulbs. It was shown that room temperature influenced the number of micro bulb, bulb base diameter, the widest diameter, ratio of the widest diameter and the base diameter of shallot micro bulb (Dt / Dp), root length, shoot length, number of leaves, number of senescing leaf. Temperature of 30/27 °C was better than 20/17 oC in accelerating the process of micro-bulb formation and increased the size of shallot micro bulbs. The objective of the third experiment was to determine the effect of sucrose and paclobutrazol on micro bulb induction. No interaction between sucrose and paclobutrazol was shown. Sucrose affected plant height, number of senescing leaf, root number, root length, the weight of plantlets and micro bulb widest diameter. Sucrose concentration of 90 g L-1 was the best in inducing shallot micro bulbs. Paclobutrazol significantly affected plant height, number of senescing leaf, number and length of roots. Paclobutrazol at level 10 mg L-1 inhibited plant height, leaf number and root length. Paclobutrazol 0.1-10 mg L-1 shortened root length. Paclobutrazol at concentration of 1 and 10 mg L-1 produced an abnormal form of micro bulb. The objective of the fourth experiment was to determine the success of shallot shoot and micro bulb acclimatization. At this stage of acclimatization, micro bulbs could be successfully grown for 3 weeks after acclimatization. Micro bulb was better in acclimatization than rooted plantlet. Plants may be transplanted to the field at 2 weeks after acclimatization. It is concluded that bulb stored for two months was the best for shoot multiplication. Media MS+vit B5 and 90 g L-1 sucrose at 30 oC was the best for bulb induction. Paclobutrazol should not be used for bulb induction. Bulb was better acclimatized than planlet. The media for acclimatization was green leaf compost and husk charcoal.
Keyword: Allium ascalonicum L, micro bulb, explant age, room temperature, paclobutrazol

Judul: Shoot Multiplication and Micro Bulb Formation of Shallot Bima Brebes Varieties
Abstrak: Formulasi media dalam perbanyakan melalui kultur jaringan merupakan aspek penting yang harus diperhatikan pada komposisi suatu media yaitu konsentrasi dari zat pengatur tumbuh yang digunakan setiap genotipe (varietas) tanaman untuk mendukung pertumbuhan eksplan yang optimal. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui formulasi media terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas dan pembentukan umbi mikro pada bawang merah varietas Bima Brebes. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor yaitu formulasi media. Penelitian multiplikasi tunas menggunakan 6 taraf formulasi media dan 7 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 42 satuan percobaan dan penelitian pembentukan umbi mikro menggunakan 4 taraf formulasi media tanam dan 7 ulangan sehingga terdapat 28 satuan percobaan. Hasil percobaan multiplikasi tunas menunjukkan bahwa formulasi media dengan kombinasi konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh berpengaruh sangat nyata dan nyata terhadap jumlah tunas, jumlah daun, jumlah akar, panjang akar dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap panjang daun. Hasil percobaan pembentukan umbi mikro menunjukkan bahwa formulasi media dengan kombinasi konsentrasi paklobutrazol dan gula tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah umbi yang terbentuk dan bobot tanaman. Media terbaik untuk multiplikasi tunas adalah media (MS + kinetin 2 mg L-1 + NAA 2 mg L-1 + kasein hidrolisat 500 mg L-1) dengan rata-rata yaitu 11,3 tunas dan media terbaik untuk pembentukan umbi mikro adalah media (MS + paklobutrazol 0,4 mg L-1 + gula 90 g L-1) dengan rata-rata pembentukan umbi mikro 1,43 umbi., The formulation of medium in propagation through tissue culture is an important aspect that must be considered in the composition of a medium, namely the concentration of growth regulators used by each genotype (variety) of plants to support the optimal growth of explants. This research aims to determine the best medium formulation for shoot multiplication and micro bulb formation in shallots Bima Brebes varieties. This research is arranged in Completely Randomized Design (CRD) medium formulation was arranged as treatment factor. The shoot multiplication study used 6 levels of medium formulation and 7 replications so that there were 42 experimental units and the micro bulb formation study used 4 levels of medium formulation and 7 replications so that there were 28 experimental units. The results of the shoot multiplication experiment showed that the medium formulation with a combination of concentrations of growth regulators had a very significant and significant effects on the number of shoots, number of leaves, number of roots, root length and had no significant effect on leaf length. The results of the micro bulb formation experiment showed that the medium formulation with a combination of paclobutrazol and sugar concentrations had no significant effect on the number of bulb formed and bulb weight. The best medium for shoot multiplication was medium (MS + kinetin 2 mg L-1 + NAA 2 mg L-1 + casein hydrolysate 500 mg L-1) with an average of 11.3 shots and the best medium for the formation of micro bulb was medium (MS + paclobutrazol 0.4 mg L-1 + sugar 90 g L-1) with an average formation of micro bulb 1.43 bulbs.
Keyword: bawang merah, formulasi media, BA, Kinetin, Paklobutrazol

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf