Judul: Spatial distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture sector in Indonesia based on inter-governmental panel on climate change methodology using geographic information system and internet technologies
Abstrak: Global climate change has become worldwide issues because of the increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) resulted from human activities, mostly fossil fuel use, land-use change and agriculture. Agriculture activities are the main sources of methane emissions; particularly rice cultivation. In addition to methane, this sector emits other GHGs such as: nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide.
Keyword: Climate change methodology, Geographic information system, Internet technologies

Judul: Estimasi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca dari Pertanian, Kehutanan, dan Penggunaan Lahan Lain di Kabupeten Bengkalis, Riau.
Abstrak: Agriculture, forestry and land use change in Indonesia accounted for substantial emissions. This study assumed greenhouse gas emissions based on methods developed by IPCC. Estimation of emissions based on IPCC methods have been developed by the University of Colorado in the form of software called ALU (Agricultural Land Use). Activity data were collected through the survey results, the data of agriculture and forestry. Known land use change data based on satellite data of 2000, 2003, 2006 and 2009. Emission factors used are set by default IPCC 1996, 2003, and 2006 for the region corresponding to the climate of the study area. Result of research indicate that greenhouse gas emissions sector agriculture, forestry and land use change yielded from 6 activity that is emission from loss biomass, emision of change carbon deposit organic land, emission of dinitrogen oxide of land, emission of usage fertilizer and emission from farm. Emission in subprovince of Bengkalis which written down in sixth of activity yield annual emission equal to 6456,82 Gg CO2e. Total emission from sixth this activity mount every year.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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