Judul: Pengaruh Perlakuan Insersi Bakteri Rhizobium sp. dan Periode Simpan Terhadap Hasil dan Mutu Fisiologi Benih Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill)
Abstrak: The purpose of the experiment 1 were to confirm the present of the bacteria Rhizobium sp., which had inserted into the seed tissue through the vacum technology and to study the effect of inserted seed quality during storage periods. Experiment 2 was conducted to study the growth of inserted soybean seed on their ability of producing the soybean seed and to study the performance of the physiological character during the period of storage. The result experiment 1, the microscopy analysis of soybean seed slide indicated that the bacteria Rhizobium sp. were located on the palisade seed tissue. The bacteria remained viable inside the seed tissue during 0 – 4 months storage period. The population of bacteria cell inside the seed tissue were maintained in 10 5 cell per ml. This population was reasonable enough to qualify the requirement of root infection. The quality of seed in term of germination percentage, vigor index and germination speed of seed remained stable until 3 months storage period although the last two variables reduced significantly after 4 months. The vigor index and germination speed were reduced from 90.67 to 58.67 % and from 31.78 to 28.69 % / etmal, respectively. The experiment 2 was conducted using the split plot design with two factors that storage period as the main plot and insertion of bacteria as a sub plot. The result of the experiment showed that during the vegetatif phase, the inserted seed performed best growth which are indicated by better plant of height, number of leaf, number of nodules, wet and dried weight of nodules. Similarly during the generatif phase, the ability of plant on producing the soybean seed which are indicated from the wet and dried weight of upper and lower plant biomass, number of pod, dried weight of pod including dried weight of seed, inserted seed significantly better than control plant. The quality of seed which produced from inserted seed plant, in term of germination speed and vigor index of seed was also better than seed produced from control plant. In conclusion, inserted seed with Rhizobium sp. could support the growth of soybean plant and producing the good quality of soybean seeds compared from the uninserted soybean seed.
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Judul: Pengaruh Perlakuan Matriconditioning Plus Inokulan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Tanaman, Hasil dan Mutu Benih Kedelai Hitam (Glycine soja)
Abstrak: The research purpose to study the effect of treatment matriconditioning plus inoculant on plant growth, yield and quality of seed of black soybean held in the greenhouse Balitkabi Malang and Experiment Garden IPB Bogor. The study was conducted two phases, 1. Rhizobium compatibility of black soybean and 2. Matriconditioning treatment to improve the efficiency of Rhizobium on growth, yield and quality of seeds of soybean black. The first study using two-factor treatments (Factor A: two levels of varieties, and factor B: the five levels of Rhizobium inoculation treatments) arranged in randomized complete blog design of four replications. The second study consisted of factor A (two levels varieties) and factor B (four levels of treatment matriconditioning) using a split plot design of four replications. The results showed that Rhizobium inoculant is more compatible to Detam 1 compared Detam 2. The treatment of matriconditioning plus Rhizobium inoculant using rice husk charcoal for 12 hours can increase the natural rhizobium population by 15-fold, increase N content of plant up to 17.9% compared to regular inoculation and 28% compared with no treatment and increase the chlorophyll content of leaves up to 7.8-fold compared with no treatment. Inoculation is performed in matriconditioning can increase Rhizobium infectivity by 17% compared to the normal way, but no effect on the black soybean seed yield and quality of seeds produced
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite