Judul: Perubahan Kadar Hormon Estrogen pada Tikus yang Diberi Tepung Kedelai dan Tepung Tempe
Abstrak: soybean and tempeh contains isoflavon compound. the isoflavon molecule structure is similar with endogen estrogen. Hence,issoflavin is able to bond with estrogen reseptor so it can replace estrogen function. Estrogen Hormone level have a large variation depend on estrus cycle phase. The objective of the reserach was to prove exogenous estrogen that produced by soybean flour and tempeh flour increases estrogen hormone level of ovariectomy rat, and compare the ovariectomy rat estrogen hormone level that given soybean flour and tempeh flour. the experimental method used in this rsearch is Randomized complete design with 6 block of treatments and 5 times repitition. The Block of treatments are non-ovariectomy rat fed by pelet/control (Non-ov-K), non-ovariectomy rat fed by 10g dry weight/100g body weight/day soybean flour (Non-ov Kd), non-ovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100g body weight/day tempeh flour (Non-ov T), ovriectomy rat fed by pelet/control (Ov Kd), ovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight.day soybean flour (Ov T). The data of estrogen level is analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test at 95% confidence interval (5% significance level). Non-ovariectomy rat that given tempeh flour have longer estrus cycle than the non ovariectomy rat that given soybean flour. The isoflavon contained on the tempeh flour and soybean flour have an effect on vagina epitel, that is the proliferation and cornifaction on vagina epitel cell. estrogen hormone level on non-ovariectomy rat fed by soybean flour. The length of the setrus phse between the ovariectomy rat fed by tempeh flour and ovariectomy rat fed by soybean flour equal to non ovariectomy rat estrogen hormone in order to happening the estrus phase. yhe added of tempeh flour to non ovariectomy and ovariectomy rat is better than the soybean flour
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Judul: Perbedaan pengaruh tepung tempe dan tepung tahu terhadap estrogen serum, beta amiloid serum, dan fungsi kognitif pada tikus betina dengan ovariektomi
Abstrak: The aims of this study were to measure the content of isoflavone, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, and protein in tempe and tofu flours, to analized the effect of tempe and tofu flours on serum estrogen and amyloid beta level, and cognitive function in ovariectomized female rats. Seventy two (72) white female Sprague Dawley strain rats, aged 12 months use for this study. Before the intervention all rats had ovariectomy (OVx) surgical treatments and were grouped into 5 intervention groups (each 4 rats): tempe flour, tofu flour, estradiol, casein; and non ovariectomy. Analysis of estrogen serum is using Elisa Reagents Estradiol/ ELISA EIA-2693. Analysis of serum beta amyloid by Elisa Reagent Amyloid Beta Peptide 1-40 (AB1-40) (E90864Ra). Cognitive function was measured using a labyrin. Processing and data analysis, to see the average and the average difference between the treatment groups used One-Way ANOVA with Polynomial Contrass Post Hoc LSD. Analysis of the correlation between variables is done using correlation test. Analysis of the variables that influence cognitive function by Multiple Linear Regression. The results showed that isoflavone content (genestein) in tempe flour (50.558 mg/100 g) two times higher than tofu flour (19.923 mg/100 g). Nutrient content (vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, and protein) of tempe flour more higher than tofu flour. Nutrient content in soybean flour as follows: vitamin B6 (0.28 mg/100 g), vitamin B12 (0.97 mcg/100 g), folic acid (0.0251 mg/100 g). Nutrient content of tofu flour is vitamin B6 (0.19 mg/100g). Tofu flour not contains vitamin B12 and folic acid. Protein of tempe flour content (41.5%) lower than the tofu (47.4%). Tempe flour group had a significant (P<0.05) increase compared to after OVx (baseline 2), while the increase in serum estrogen of tofu flour group were not significant (P>0.05). Tempe flour group compared with baseline 2 showed a significant decrease (P<0.05), while in the tofu flour group was not significant (P>0.05). Based on the difference test between the tempe flour group with baseline 2 show an increase score in cognitive function significantly (P<0.05), while the tofu group not significantly different (P>0.05). Multiple Linear Regression test results showed that the most variables associated with cognitive function is amyloid beta (P<0.05). Conclusions this study is the content of nutrients and isoflavones (genistein) on tempe flour higher than tofu flour. Intervention by tempe flour can increase serum estrogen and may decrease beta amyloid, abdominal fat and body weight in female rats with ovariectomy. Beta amyloid serum is the variable most associated with cognitive function. Suggested for further research is to measure cognitive function of other aspects such as memory, the content of serotonin, dopamine, plaque on brain.
Keyword: tempe flour, tofu flour, estrogen, amyloid beta, cognitve function, ovariectomized female rats

Judul: National monitoring, control and surveillance design system for marine development in Indonesia
Abstrak: Wilayah perairan laut Indonesia kaya akan sumberdaya alam dan memiliki posisi strategis dalam perdagangan serta pelayaran internasional.Keadaan ini memancing pihak-pihak tertentu untuk melakukan eksploitasi dan memanfatkannya secara ilegal. Kerugian Indonesia dari kegiatan-kegiatan ilegal ini sangat besar jumlahnya. Untuk mengantisipasi kegiatan pelanggaran hukum ini perlu diterapkan suatu sistem keamanan di laut. Sistem keamanan di laut di masa depan seharusnya dibangun dengan prinsip mensinergikan kekuatan yang dimiliki oleh berbagai instansi penyelenggara penegakan keamanan di laut tersebut. Sinergi ini harus tercermin dari struktur organisasi, mekanisme dan prosedur serta pelibatannya di laut. Salah satu bentuk nyata dari strategi tersebut adalah diberlakukannya sistem monitoring, control and surveillance nasional. Di Indonesia sistem MCS telah mulai dirintis untuk dilaksanakan, namun masih bersifat parsial dan sektoral. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan kajian dengan pendekatan kesisteman untuk menyusun suatu desain sistem MCS nasional dalam pembangunan kelautan Indonesia. Fokus permasalahan dalam studi ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana pelaksanaan MCS di Indonesia pada saat ini dan kendala-kendala yang dihadapi serta membandingkan dengan pelaksanaan MCS di negara-negara lain di dunia sebagai patok duga. Dari analisis existing condition pada saat ini dan dengan membandingkan dengan negara-negara lain di dunia dalam pelaksanaan MCS dalam bidang kelautan, dapat dik etahui posisi Indonesia pada saat ini yang ternyata masih berada pada level yang rendah.Untuk meningkatkan kondisi ini Indonesia harus meningkatkan landasan operasional MCS dan selanjutnya meningkatkan pelaksanaan MCSnya. Dari analisis kebutuhan MCS dengan menggunakan expert judgment dan studi kepustakaan, didapat faktor-faktor kunci MCS untuk meningkatkan kinerja sistem MCS nasional. Untuk meningkatkan kinerja MCS Indonesia, perlu adanya pembenahan aspek lisensi dan legislasi. Adapun kebijakan nasional yang perlu diterapkan dalam pengembangan MCS nasional adalah : (1) Pengembangan sistem MCS secara terintegrasi, (2) Penyusunan dan penerapan kebijakan integral yang komprehensif dalam penanganan MCS, (3) Penerapan good governance dalam pelaksanaan MCS, (4) Pengembangan kerjasama internasional untuk memperkuat pelaksanaan operasional sistem MCS, (5) Peningkatan kinerja operasional MCS untuk pengakuan internasional, (6) Pembentukan sistem kelembagaan dalam pelaksanaan MCS kelautan, (7) Peningkatan kualitas SDM kelautan dan perikanan dan membentuk Coast Guard Indonesia.
Keyword: MCS, Benchmarking, Design system, Expert judgment, Coast Guard, Analisis SWOT, Kebijakan Maritim Naional Indonesia