Judul: Pendugaan Neraca Karbon Pada Kebun Kelapa Sawit Panai Jaya Dan Meranti Paham Pt. Perkebunan Nusantara IV Labuhan Batu, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: The second terresterial carbon storage after mineral soil is peatland. CO2 stock from peatland plays an important role in stabilizing a global climate. Aims of this study is to calculate carbon budget of oil palm Panai Jaya and Meranti Paham Estate, PTPN IV, Labuhan Batu, North Sumatera in 2009. Determination of C-organic is based on dry incineration and Walkey and Black method. Emission measurements were conducted directly in the field by using a Close Chamber Method and secondary data analysis. The data was collected based on two step that were field measurements and laboratory analysis. Carbon budget or carbon net emmision (CO2) is calculated based on the difference of CO2 stock and CO2 emission. The result of this study showed that carbon budget value in Panai Jaya and Meranti Paham estate is about -68.07 and -35.24 ton CO2/ha/year in 2009, respectively.
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Judul: Pendugaan Cadangan Karbon Biomassa Di Lahan Gambut Kebun Meranti Paham, PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Labuhan Batu, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Carbon stock of peatland in the oil palm is an important role in balancing global climate to support sustainable management of oil palm plantation. The study was carried out in oil palm of Meranti Paham, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Labuhan Batu, North Sumatra. Carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems consist of carbon above ground including carbon stocks of oil palm and shrubs, and below ground carbon. The aim of study was to estimate the amount of carbon stored above and below ground in oil palm of peatlands estates of Meranti Paham, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Labuhan Batu, North Sumatra. Data was collected by field measurement and laboratory analysis. Peat carbon stock calculation was based on weight of peat per unit area that was calculated by using multiplication of the study area x bulk density x organic carbon content x peat depth, whereas carbon biomass of oil palm calculation was based on destructive method. The result showed that carbon stocks in the oil palm biomass and shrubs of Meranti Paham Estates, about 122.108 tons and 2.595 tons. The total carbon biomass stocks above ground contained in Meranti Paham, PT. Perkebunan Nusantara IV, approximately 124.703 tons. To measure the carbon stored in peat soil based on degree of decomposition of peat. The data required were the bulk density (BD), carbon content, thickness and area of peatlands. These data are directly proportional to the carbon content is stored. Carbon stock of below ground contained in hemik an average about 1.270.272 tons and fibrik an average about 9.078.600 tons. Thus the average total carbon stock below ground of Meranti Paham Estates is about 10.348.872 tons. Finally, total carbon stocks of Meranti Paham Estates in 2009 obtained by summing up carbon stocks of above and below ground, that obtaines result about 10.473.575 tons.
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Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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