Judul: Analysis of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) of Sengon (Falcataria falcata) Accessions Tolerant and Intolerant To Boktor Pepts
Abstrak: Sengon memiliki nilai lebih dari segi ekonomi maupun ekologi. Namun, sengon mudah terserang hama seperti larva boktor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pertumbuhan sengon di Kesatuan Pemangkuan Hutan (KPH) Kediri, menganalisis dan menguji hubungan marka SNPs dengan aksesi sengon toleran dan intoleran terhadap hama boktor. Sampel yang diuji berjumlah 40 aksesi, aksesi toleran (R28, R29, 230, R33, R47) dan intoleran (S13, S21, S22, S24, S25) dengan ulangan 4 aksesi tiap aksesi. Setiap sampel diuji menggunakan 4 primer SNPs dengan metode High-resolution Melting (HRM). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Mann-whitney, uji khi-kuadrat, Manhattan plot, dan Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Nilai keparahan serangan pada aksesi toleran dan intoleran tidak berbeda nyata. Hasil analisis SNPs menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara primer yang digunakan dengan sifat toleran sengon. Hasil visualisasi menunjukkan 4 primer tersebut mampu memisahkan aksesi sengon toleran dan intoleran, sehingga marka SNPs ini dapat digunakan untuk seleksi pohon toleran terhadap hama boktor., Sengon has more value from an economic and ecological perspective. However, sengon is easily attacked by pests such as boktor larvae. The aim of this research was to evaluate the growth of sengon in Forest Management Unit (KPH) Kediri, analyze and test the relationship between SNPs markers and tolerant and intolerant sengon accessions to boktor pests. The samples tested consisted of 40 accessions, tolerant (R28, R29, 230, R33, R47) and intolerant (S13, S21, S22, S24, S25) with 4 replications for each accession. Each sample was tested using 4 SNPs primers using the High-resolution Melting (HRM) method. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney test, chi-square test, Manhattan plot, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The attack severity values for tolerant and intolerant accessions were not significantly different. The results of the SNPs analysis showed there was a relationship between the primers used and the tolerant nature of sengon. The visualization results show that the 4 primers are able to separate tolerant and intolerant sengon accessions, so that these SNP markers can be used to select trees tolerant to boktor pests.
Keyword: mutasi, primer, toleransi, sengon, Xystrocera festiva

Judul: Genotyping of Sengon (Falcataria falcata) Accessions Resistant and Susceptible to Puru Rust using Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms Markers
Abstrak: Sengon (Falcataria falcata) merupakan jenis pohon cepat tumbuh (fast growing species) yang sering digunakan untuk kegiatan reboisasi dan rehabilitasi lahan pada penutupan lahan. Budidaya tanaman sengon memiliki faktor penghambat salah satunya seperti mudahnya terserang penyakit karat puru. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variasi genetik aksesi sengon yang toleran dan intoleran terhadap serangan karat puru menggunakan penanda SNPs. Evaluasi serangan karat puru pada progeni testing famili sengon dilakukan dengan metode skoring. Sampel yang diuji berjumlah 40 aksesi dari masing-masing 5 aksesi resistan dan 5 aksesi rentan dengan 4 ulangan tiap aksesi. Sampel diuji menggunakan 6 primer SNPs dengan metode High-resolution Melting, data yang diperoleh kemudian digunakan untuk analisis chi-kuadrat dan Principal Component Analysist. Meski semua aksesi terserang penyakit karat tumor, keparahan serangan antara aksesi resistan dan rentan berbeda nyata. Hasil analisis SNPs menunjukkan bahwa semua primer yang digunakan menunjukkan asosiasi dengan sifat toleransi sengon terhadap karat puru.
Keyword: keragaman genetik, hrm

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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