Judul: Anthropogenic CO(2) contain in Indonesian Throughflow Region (ITF)
Abstrak: This research uses TrOCA method in order to investigate anthropogenic CO2 distribution in the Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) regime as well as its relationship with water mass transport from Pasific Ocean to Indian Ocean, based on four parameters; TCO2 (dissolved inorganic carbon), TA (total alkalinity), O2 (oxygen), and θ (potential temperature). The calculated anthropogenic CO2 is generaly distributed in upper layer of thermocline from both oceans, with concentration of 20–50 μmol.kg-1. In the North Equatorial Current (NEC) station section (section P10N) of Pacific Ocean, the anthropogenic CO2 is mainly stratified in upper layer with maximum concentration of 50 μmol.kg-1 and founded near surface. The anthropogenic CO2 content in NEC will be transported to Mindanao Current (MC) regime which is an inflow for ITF. Two stations in MC regime showed a similar stratification of anthropogenic CO2 in upper layer with maximum concentration of about 50 μmol.kg-1. In the outlet of ITF, particularly station section along eastern Indian Ocean (section H_I10), the stratification is still found in upper layer with maximum concentration of 50 μmol.kg-1. In section H_I10 on the eastern of Indian Ocean, concentration along latitude and longitude line are higher than the stations in western of Pasific Ocean. The estimation of anthropogenik CO2 budget in outlet ITF is 40.43–73.38 Tg C y-1, higher than those observed in inlet ITF is 13.88–33.72 Tg C y-1. It means that the ITF region is responsible for this different. In station of Banda and Ombai Strait, a high accumulation anthropogenic CO2 was found between 20-71 μmol.kg-1 in the depth ranging from 5 to 200 m. In Banda station, this accumulation was probably due to water mass transport from Java Sea, resident time and acccumulation of water, whereas in Ombai Strait station, it was because of water mass transport from Java Sea and Pacific Ocean, and terrestrial run off.
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Judul: Turbulent Mixing caused by Internal Tide and Their Implication on Nutrient in Ombai Strait
Abstrak: Ombai Strait is one of the exit passages of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) which has strong internal tidal energy. Internal tide is one of the main energy which causes mixing processes in the oceans. The purpose of this research was to estimate the turbulent mixing by using Thorpe scale approach and effect of mixing on the flux of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate and silicate). CTD instrument equipped with bottle rosettes were casted nine times for one tidal cycle (24 hours), but for nutrient samples only taken from the third casting with 22 samples at determined depth. The results showed that Ombai Strait has an internal tide with semidiurnal period. The average value of in the Ombai Strait is very high (7,56 x 10-2 + 2,83 x 10-1 m2 s-1) and the highest is found in deep layer (2,17 x 10-1 + 4,75 x 10-1 m2 s-1). This is presumably due to strong internal tide in that water. The strong effect of these internal tide especially during the low tide where the water mass induce to the deep layer. Vertical nutrient concentrations increase with depth. The nutrient fluxes estimation showed that the thermocline layer has the lowest flux of nutrients (0 m μmol l-1 s-1) and the highest flux in the deeper layer (8,28 x 10-5-165,56 x 10-5 m μmol l-1 s-1). Estimation of three nutrient fluxes showed that the phosphate is the lowest, followed by nitrate, and silicate as the highest.
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Judul: Pengaruh vaksin aktif dan inaktif terhadap kekebalan dalam pencegahan penyakit newcastle pada ayam
Abstrak: Penyakit Newcastle adalah penyakit yang bersifat infeksius dan kontagius yang menyerang unggas terutama ayam dan kalkun; menimbulkan kematian, penurunan produksi dan kwalitas telur sehingga menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi yang besar; disebabkan oleh paramyxovirus yang termasuk ke dalam golongan virus yang berinti asam ribonukleat. Virus penyebab penyakit ini terdiri atas beberapa galur yaitu velogenik, mesogenik dan lentogenik. Vaksinasi adalah salah satu cara untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit dan kerugian yang ditimbulkannya. Vaksin terdiri atas vaksin aktif dan inaktif atau vaksin dalam emulsi minyak. Vaksinasi pada umur dini adalah cara yang paling baik dilakukan. Umur ayam yang tepat mulai dilaksanakan vaksinasi adalah pada umur 4 hari, karena pada saat ini titerantibodi asal induk sudah mulai turun dan kondisi ayam sudah mulai kuat untuk dilakukan vaksinasi jika melakukannya pada ayam umur sehari. ...
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