Judul: Pelabelan Total Even Vertex Magic pada Graf Matahari dan Disjoint Union dari Graf Cycles
Abstrak: simpul adalah pelabelan total vertex magic dengan memasangkan himpunan simpul ke himpunan bilangan bulat genap {2,4,6, … , 2���������}. Karya ilmiah ini menunjukkan syarat cukup dari graf matahari ���������������������������( ���������) memiliki pelabelan total even vertex magic adalah ��������� ≥ 3, dan menunjukkan syarat cukup dan syarat perlu pada disjoint union dari graf cycles ��������������������������� memiliki pelabelan total even vertex magic adalah ��������� dan ��������� bilangan bulat ganjil.
Keyword: disjoint union dari graf cycles, even vertex magic, graf matahari, graf matahari, pelabelan total

Judul: Penyelesaian Masalah Pelabelan Graf vertex Magic pada Graf Cycle Sederhana
Abstrak: Graf vertex magic adalah suatu graf memiliki nilai bilangan magic yang sama pada masing-masing vertex yang berbeda. Graf cycle sederhana adalah suatu walk tertutup yang mengandung setidaknya tiga vertex, semua vertex-nya berbeda dan setiap vertex terhubungkan oleh satu edge.
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Judul: Inhibitory activity of bacteria isolated from digestive track of chicken broiler against Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. at several growth media, aeration, pH, and temperature
Abstrak: This research aim to study the Inhibition activity of bacteria isolated from digestive track chicken broiler against Echerichia coli and Salmonella sp. at several growth media, aeration, pH and temperature. Isolation of digestive track broiler bacteria was conducted by using Nutrient Agar (NA) media at pH 7.0 and pH 4.5. The isolates were assayed against Echerichia coli and Salmonella sp. The isolates which showed inhibition capability were selected, microscopically identified, Gram stained and used for further assay The inhibitory activity of selected isolates was examined using De Man Ragosa (MRS ) and Tripton Glucosa Yeast Extract (TGY) media, with and without agitation. The selected media wasthen modified with molasses and soybean meal assource of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The stability of inhibitory activity was examined at five levels of temperature (25 degrees celcius, 30 degrees celcius, 37 degrees celcius, 40 degrees celcius, 50 degrees celcius), and seven pH levels (3.0,4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0). The selected isolates were also enzimatically assayed for amylase, protease, lipase, and cellulose activity. The results showed that 7n isolate produced the highest inhibition activity against E. coli and Salmonella enteric. For E coli strong inhibition showed by 7n isolate at MRS modified media, pH 6.0-8.0, and temperature at 370 C, and similar condition applied also for EPEC K1-1, except the highest inhibition occured at 500 C. For Salmonella enteric growth inhibition by 7n isolate was obtained using MRS modified media, pH 5, and temperature at 300 C. For other Salmonella subsp.2 small inhibition by 34n occurred at both MRS and TGY modified at pH 4.0-5.0 and temperature at 37 degrees celcius. Both 7n and 34 isolates showed amylase, protease, lipase and cellulose activity. The results indicate that both isolates have their potency to be developed as probiotics, served as feed additive. The isolates are expected can function as growth promoter through their antibacterial and degrading enzymes activities. Keywords: chicken broiler bacteria, antibacterial activity, E. coli, Salmonella sp., MRS modified media, pH, temperature, degrading enzyme
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