Judul: Konsumen Rokok dan Kemiskinan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara berkembang dengan masalah kemiskinan. Selama 7 tahun terakhir, kemiskinan di Indonesia telah turun, namun nyatanya aspek-aspek berikut telah menjadi bagian dari kemiskinan, yaitu suatu wilayah yang terpencil dengan jarak lalu lintas yang jauh (kondisi alam, kesulitan dalam mengakses layanan dasar), ketidakmampuan (kondisi ekonomi, pekerjaan), kelemahan fisik (kualitas sumber daya manusia/tenaga kerja rendah), kemiskinan materi (investasi yang rendah) dan bencana sehingga masalah kemiskinan tidak akan pernah hilang sama sekali (Bappenas 2018). World Bank (2004) dalam Ferezegia (2018) menyatakan bahwa kemiskinan disebabkan oleh pendapatan dan kekayaan yang berkurang (less income and assets) untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar seperti pangan, sandang, papan, kesehatan dan pendidikan. Penyebab kemiskinan yang lain, pada Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) 2018 menjelaskan bahwa prevalensi merokok pada remaja usia 10-18 tahun mengalami peningkatan sebesar 1,9 persen dari tahun 2013 yaitu 7,20 persen menjadi 9,10 persen tahun 2018. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi konsumen rokok dan kemiskinan di Indonesia serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis data panel (statis dan dinamis) selama tahun 2015-2019. Hasil analisis panel statis menyatakan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Indonesia adalah pendapatan per kapita (PDRB per kapita), konsumen rokok (PMP),pengangguran (TPT). Lalu, hasil analisis panel dinamis menyatakan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Indonesia adalah pendapatan perkapita (PDRB Perkapita), konsumen rokok (PMP), pendidikan (RLS)., Indonesia is a developing country with poverty problems. Over the past 7 years, poverty in Indonesia has decreased, but in fact the following aspects have become part of poverty, namely a remote area with long traffic distances (natural conditions, difficulty in accessing basic services), disability (economic conditions, employment), physical weakness (low quality of human resources/labor), material poverty (low investment) and disasters so that the problem of poverty will never completely disappear (Bappenas 2018). The World Bank (2004) in Ferezegia (2018) states that poverty is caused by reduced income and wealth (less income and assets) to meet basic needs such as food, clothing, housing, health and education. Another cause of poverty, in Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) 2018 explains that the prevalence of smoking in adolescents aged 10-18 years has increased by 1,9 percent from 2013 which is 7,20 percent to 9,10 percent in 2018. The purpose of this study is to describe the condition of cigarette consumers and poverty in Indonesia and analyze factors affecting poverty in Indonesia. The method used is descriptive analysis and panel data analysis (static and dynamic) during 2015-2019. The results of the static panel analysis state that the factors that affect poverty in Indonesia are income per capita (PDRB per capita), cigarette consumers (PMP), unemployment (TPT). Then, the results of the dynamic panel analysis state that the factors that affect poverty in Indonesia are income per capita (PDRB Per capita), cigarette consumers (PMP), education (RLS).
Keyword: cigarette consumer, mean years school, poverty

Judul: Pengrauh kebijakan subsidi beras miskin dan bantuan langsung tunai terhadap pengeluaran telekomunikasi dan rokok rumah tangga miskin di pulau Jawa
Abstrak: Consumption pattern is one of social welfare indicator. Advances in information and telecommunication technology may influence consumption behavior of household including poor household. Tobacco expenditure was the bigger one commodity of poor consumption. The objective of this paper was to analyze consumption behavior of telecommunication and tobacco of poor household in Java during 2008-2010 and the influence of rice for the poor and unconditional direct cash transfer subsidies for poor consumption. National Socio-Economic Survey Panel 2008-2010 data of BPS-Statistic Indonesia were used in this study. A descriptive analysis was applied to describe expenditure structure and an econometric analysis of Linear Approximation Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) was applied to identify telecommunication and tobacco demand. The study result were: (1) expenditure of telecommunication and tobacco was rising in rural and urban; (2) expenditure of telecommunication and tobacco was indifferent object to education of head of household; (3) demand response of telecommunication was elastic both toward income/expenditure and price changes; (4) demand response of tobacco was inelastic toward price changes but elastic toward income/expenditure changes; (5) in general, demand response of telecommunication and tobacco toward price changes was more elastic in rural households compared to those of urban household; (6) telecommunication and tobacco has substitution relation with the other food group and the other non food group commodity. Considering that telecommunication and tobacco consumption response was much stronger towards income and prices changes, subsidy is more effective if distributed in kind rather than cash.
Keyword: 

Judul: Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Made of Eggshells Through A Hydrothermal Method
Abstrak: Biphasic Calcium Phosphate mixed of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate. A hydrothermal method of synthesizing by mixing CaO as calcium source and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate source with distilled water. CaO got from calcination process made of eggshells. All samples were synthesized using hydrothermal reactor then followed by sintering process. The molar ratio of Ca and P for all samples was 0.5 M : 0.3 M. Hydrothermal temperature and sintering temperature were variated they are 250 ºC, 300 ºC for hydrothermal and 800 ºC, 900 ºC, 1000 ºC for sintering, higher treatment temperature, tricalcium phosphate appears. Final results of synthesis were characterized by using X-ray Diffraction and Fourier Transform Infrared. X-ray Diffraction patterns was ecompared with database Join Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards and found tricalcium phosphate and hydoxyapatite.
Keyword: biphasic calcium phosphate, hydrothermal, hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate