Judul: Serangga parasitoid pada pupa Troides helena Linnaeus dan Papilio aristolochiae Linnaeus (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae) dari penangkaran kupu Cicurug, Sukabumi
Abstrak: Untuk mendapatkan parasitoid, pupa kupu raja Troides helena dan kupu ekor panjang Papilio aristolochiae telah dikoleksi dari penangkaran kupu Cicurug, Sukabumi dari bulan April sampai November 2001. Pupa-pupa tersebut di pelihara clalam botol pemeliharaan sampai keluar parasitoid. Tiga jenis parasitoid telah dipertelakan dalam 3 famili, yaitu Brachymeria /asus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), Xanthopimpla sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), dan Megaselia sp. (Diptera: Phoridae). B. /asus dan Xanthopimpla sp. memarasit P. aristolochiae sedangkan Megaselia sp. memarasit Troides helena. Dokumentasi dilakukan pada tiap jenis parasitoid meliputi jwnlah individu parasitoid yang keluar dari inang tunggal, persentase inang terparasit, dan kondisi pupa yang terparasit., To breed parasitoids, pupae of the common birdwings froides helena and common rose Papilio aristolochiae were regularly sampled from April to November 2001 from Cicurug butterfly farms, Sukabumi Those pupae were reared in rearing bottle until the parasitoids emerged. Three parasitoids were recorded belonging to three families, i.e. Brachymeria lasus (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae), Xanthopimpla sp. (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae), and Megaselia sp. (Diptera: Phoridae). B. lasus dan Xanthopimpia sp. parasitized on P. aristolochiae, whereas Megaselia sp. parasitized on Troides helena. Illustration were presented for each parasitoid spesies, including the number of individual parasitoids which emerged from single host, the percentage of the parasitized hosts, and the condition of the parasitized pupae.
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Judul: Biologi Troides helena helena dan Troides helena hephaestus (Papilionidae) di Penangkaran
Abstrak: Troides helena is one of butterflies favored by collectors due to its large size and beautiful color of its wings. T. helena of Indonesia is protected by laws and recorded in Appendix II CITES. The trade has to be drawn from domestication sites. T. h. helena and T. h. hephaestus are subspecies of T. helena restrictedly distributed in Indonesia. The domestication has to be socialized for conservation of T. helena in Indonesia. The research were aimed to study domestication technique and biology of T. h. helena and T. h. hephaestus. Pupae of T. h. helena were obtained from Cilember (West Java) and T.h. hephaestus were from Bantimurung (South Sulawesi). Both larvae were fed by Aristolochia tagala leaves. Egg, larvae, and pupae were treated at the laboratory and imago were treated in the domestication dome of IPB. Results indicated that domestication was run well. A life cycle of T. h. helena from egg to imago was about 70 days, while T. h. hephaestus was 64 days. Lowest survival of T. h. helena occured at the egg stage, on the other hand, in T. h. hephaestus occured at the stages of pupae and imago. Sex ratio of male to female was 2:3 for T. h. helena and 5:6 for T. h. hephaestus. In average, egg production of T. h. helena and T. h. hephaestus was 100 eggs. Predators (house lizard, lizard, and spider) were one of the limiting factor for butterfly development.
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Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Natrium Alginat untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Composite of chitosan and sodium alginate can be utilized as base material of proton exchange membrane (PEM). The composite membranes were produced by various concentrations of chitosan-sodium alginate, namely 3:3, 3:4, 3:5, 3:6, 4:3, 5:3, and 6:3 (% b/v). The composites were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and were tested for the performance as PEM from the proton conductivity obtained by using impedance spectrometer. The FTIR spectrum indicated the NH3C group at 1637.29 cm-1 and symmetrical COO group at 1253.68 cm-1 indicating interactions between chitosan and sodium alginate. SEM micrographs showed that the composite membrane was nonporous. Composite membrane with 3:5 chitosan-sodium alginate composition had the highest proton conductivity, namely 9.594 × 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane can be applied well in direct methanol fuel cell system.
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