Judul: Penghitungan aktuaria untuk manfaat pensiun-normal menggunakan metode projected unit credit dan individual level premium
Abstrak: Perusahaan yang menyediakan program pensiun membutuhkan perhitungan aktuaria untuk memperkirakan jumlah dana yang dibutuhkan oleh perusahaan untuk membayar dana pensiun. Metode aktuaria yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode projected unit credit dan metode individual level premium. Melalui penelitian ini diperoleh hasil perhitungan manfaat pensiun menggunakan asumsi rata-rata gaji terakhir yang lebih rendah daripada skala gaji lain. Hasil perhitungan iuran normal menggunakan metode individual level premium lebih kecil daripada menggunakan metode projected unit credit, yang sesuai untuk para peserta program pendanaan pensiun. Perhitungan kewajiban aktuaria menggunakan metode projected unit credit lebih kecil daripada menggunakan metode individual level premium, yang cocok untuk perusahaan penyedia program pensiun
Keyword: individual level premium, normal cost, actuarial liability, pension funding method, projected unit credit

Judul: Optimizing Normal Pension Fund Financing Using the Actuarial Valuations Method with Variation of Assumptions
Abstrak: Program Dana Pensiun merupakan suatu upaya untuk mengantisipasi risiko pada masa pensiun dengan memberikan manfaat bagi karyawan yang pensiun. Penelitian ini membahas penghitungan aktuaria untuk program pensiun manfaat pasti dengan menggunakan metode Unit Credit (UC), Projected Unit Credit (PUC), Entry Age Normal (EAN), dan Attained Age Normal (AAN). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan penghitungan aktuaria yang mencakup penghitungan iuran normal dan kewajiban aktuaria serta menentukan metode yang optimal bagi peserta dan perusahaan berdasarkan pada akumulasi nilai iuran normal dengan tiga asumsi. Asumsi pertama adalah kondisi Indonesia 2020 yaitu suku bunga 10,24% dan kenaikan gaji 2%, asumsi kedua adalah suku bunga 8,34% dan kenaikan gaji 2% serta asumsi ketiga adalah suku bunga 6,06% dan kenaikan gaji 3%. Berdasarkan pada hasil penghitungan untuk masing-masing asumsi, metode EAN adalah metode yang optimal bagi peserta sedangkan metode UC adalah metode yang optimal bagi perusahaan., The pension fund program is an attempt to anticipate risks in retirement period by providing benefit the retired employees. This research discusses actuarial calculations for defined benefit pension plans using the Unit Credit (UC), Projected Unit Credit (PUC), Entry Age Normal (EAN), and Attained Age Normal (AAN) methods. The research aims to perform actuarial calculation including the calculation of normal cost and actuarial liability, and to determine the optimal method for participants and companies based on the accumulation of normal cost with three assumptions. The first assumption is the condition of Indonesia in 2020 with an interest rate of 10,24% and a salary increase of 2%, the second assumption is an interest rate of 8,34% and a salary increase of 2% and the third assumption is an interest rate of 6,06% and a salary increase of 3%. Based on the calculations for each assumption, the EAN method is the optimal method for the participants while the UC method is the optimal method for the companies.
Keyword: Actuarial Cost Method, Attained Age Normal, Entry Age Normal, Projected Unit Credit, Unit Credit

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis