Judul: Studi peningkatan nilai gizi sorgum sebagai makanan unggas dengan proses fermentasi subtrat padat menggunakan Aspergillus niger
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari kemampuan Aspergillus niger dalam memetabolisir tanin sorgum dan mensin- tesa protein dari N inorganik sehingga dapat meningkatkan ni- lai gizi sorgum sebagai makanan unggas. A.niger dapat tumbuh pada medium agar tanin yang mengan- dung asam tanat 0.2, 0.4, 0.8 dan 1.2 persen dan juga pada medium katekin 0.2 dan 0.4 persen. Analisa ini berdasarkan diameter pertumbuhan dari miselium A.niger. Pertumbuhan A. niger pada medium tanin cair terbukti dapat mendegradasi kan- dungan tanin medium selama masa inkubasi. Medium tanin cair mengandung asam tanat 1, 2 dan 3 persen. Hasil analisa de- ngan metoda Folin-Denis dan Grafimetri menunjukkan bahwa per- tumbuhan A.niger menurunkan kadar total fenol medium sampai 78.2 persen untuk kadar asam tanatil persen, 67.9 persen un- tuk 2 persen asam tanat dan 77.4 persen untuk 3 persen asam tanat. Tanin merupakan salah satu sumber karbon untuk per- tumbuhan A.niger. Fermentasi sorgum dilakukan dengan menambahkan sumber N (urea dan NH4NO3) masing-masing 1.28 dan 2.58 dan nutrisi ...
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Judul: Pengaruh fermentasi biji sorgum coklat dengan Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae atau Rhizopus oryzae terhadap perubahan komposisi zat-zat makanan
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini meningkatkan komposisi zat-zat makanan biji sorgum coklat melalui proses fermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae atau Rhizopus oryzae. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Unggas, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian dilaksanakan selama 4 bulan, dari bulan Juni sampai September 1995. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan untuk masing-masing kapang (tanpa inkubasi, inkubasi 2 hari, inkubasi 3 hari, inkubasi 4 hari) dan setiap perlakuan mempunyai 3 ulangan. Kapang yang digunakan adalah Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi sangat nyata (P<0,01) mempengaruhi kadar serat kasar, jumlah riil bahan kering dan penyusutannya pada semua jenis kapang yang dan Rhizopus oryzae. Peubah yang diukur adalah bahan kering dan penyusutannya, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, energi bruto, tanin dan penurunannya. digunakan. Protein kasar pada Aspergillus oryzae dan Rhizopus oryzae, jumlah riil serat kasar pada Aspergillus oryzae, kadar serat kasar pada Rhizopus oryzae, penurunan tanin pada Aspergillus niger dan Aspergillus oryzae pengaruhnya sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01). Kandungan protein kasar pada Aspergillus niger, kandungan serat kasar pada Aspergillus niger dan Aspergillus oryzae, jumlah riil energi bruto pada Aspergilus niger, jumlah riil serat kasar pada Aspergillus niger pengaruhnya berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Jumlah riil protein kasar pada Aspergillus niger dan penurunan tanin diantara lama inkubasi 2, 3 dan 4 hari pengaruhnya tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Pengaruh lama fermentasi pada semua jenis kapang terhadap lemak kasar tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Pengaruh lama inkubasi pada Rhizopus oryzae dan Aspergillus oryzae terhadap jumlah riil energi bruto sorgum tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05).
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite