Judul: Market Development Strategy  and Determination of Cost of Production Coffee Skin Extract and Its Potential as  a Functional Drink
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara produsen kopi terbesar di dunia yang ikut memberikan kontribusi terhadap perekonomian negara. Kopi menghasilkan sekitar 50% kulit kopi yang sejauh ini belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Belift Green Beans adalah salah satu perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang agroindustri kopi di Indonesia yang sejauh ini hanya membuang kulit kopi yang masih memiliki banyak kandungan bermanfaat yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengolah kulit kopi menjadi ekstrak kulit kopi dan functional drink. Lean canvas menjadi bentuk awal model bisnis dari lini pengolahan kulit kopi karena lebih cocok diterapkan pada industri yang baru berdiri. Analisis SWOT juga menunjukkan bahwa strategi stabilisasi menjadi fokus utama dalam upaya pengembangan bisnis lini pengolahan kulit kopi tersebut. Strategi stabilisasi itu sendiri yakni seperti pengembangan pasar dan kualitas produk. Alternatif strategi pengembangan pasar yang telah dihasilkan pada penyusunan matriks SWOT juga dapat diterapkan. Pada penelitian ini produk yang direncanakan adalah ekstrak kulit kopi kemasan jerigen food grade kapasitas 20 l dengan harga pokok produksi Rp 64.891/unit dan functional drink kemasan botol food grade kapasitas 250ml Rp 5.062/unit., Indonesia is one of the largest coffee producing countries in the world that contributes to the country's economy. Coffee produces about 50% of coffee skin waste that has so far not been widely utilized. Belift Green Beans is one of the companies engaged in the coffee agroindustry in Indonesia which so far only disposes of coffee skin waste which still has many beneficial ingredients that can be used as antioxidants. This study aims to process coffee skin waste into coffee skin extract and functional drinks. Lean canvas is the initial form of business model of the coffee skin processing line because more suitable for newly established industry. SWOT analysis, also show that stabilization strategy is the main focus for coffee skin processing line business development efforts. The stabilization strategy is like market development and product quality. Alternative market development strategies that have been produced in the preparation of the SWOT matrix can also be applied. In this study, the planned products are coffee skin extract, food grade jerry cans with capacity of 20 ls with a cost of production is IDR 64,981/unit and functional drinks packaged in food grade bottles with a capacity of 250ml is IDR 5,062/unit.
Keyword: Coffeeskin extract, functional drink, cost of production

Judul: Design of Coffee Business using Life Cylce Cost
Abstrak: Kopi (Coffea Sp.) yang dikonsumsi oleh konsumen diperoleh dari tahapan budidaya, pengolahan pascapanen, transportasi, dan penjualan yang dikenal dengan daur hidup (life cycle). Menghitung total biaya yang diperlukan pada setiap siklus pada daur hidup sangat diperlukan untuk melakukan perancangan usaha kopi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis life cycle cost (LCC) produksi kopi di provinsi Jawa Barat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis life cycle cost yang terdiri dari tahapan analisis inventory dan perhitungan LCC. Hasil dari penelitian ini diperoleh total biaya pada daur hidup produk yang terdiri dari tahapan penanaman kopi sampai pengemasan kopi greenbean berkisar antara Rp 48.344 sampai Rp 56.074 per kg kopi greenbean. Terdapat 3 skenario usaha yang dianalisis, terdiri dari skenario berdasarkan LCC terendah, penggunaan teknologi dan mekanisasi, dan penggunaan teknologi sederhana dengan nilai total LCC masing-masing sebesar Rp 48.344, Rp 55.027, dan Rp 50.491. Pelaku usaha dapat memilih skenario sesuai kebutuhan dan model bisnis., Coffee (Coffea Sp.) is consumed and popular commodity in the world. Coffee production consist of several life cycle activities such as cultivation, postharvest processing, transportation, and sales, known. Total cost calculation of each process is important for business design. Purposed of this research were to calculate and designed the production scenario of coffee in West Java, Indonesia using life cycle cost (LCC) approach. The research method was used in this research was the framework of LCC that consist of inventory analysis, calculation of LCC and production scenario design. The results of this was total cost of the coffee production from cultivation to the packaged coffee green bean was Rp 48,344 to Rp 56,074 per kg of coffee greenbean. Based on the analysis, there are 3 (three) business scenario was designed consist of scenario with: (1) lowest LCC, (2) mechanization and technology utilization, (3) traditional technology and process with the total value of LCC Rp 48,344, Rp 55,027, and Rp 50,491 respectively. This result can support the business actor to choose the scenario based on their condition and needs.
Keyword: coffee, life cycle cost, production cost

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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