Judul: Effect of Crude Palm Oil Consumption on the Level of Plasma Beta-Carotene, Malondialdehyde and Xanthine Oxidase Activity of Blood Plasma and Product Acceptance by Low-Income Respondents at Dramaga and Babakan Village, District of Bogor
Abstrak: Crude palm oil (CPO) is obtained from mesocarp extraction of palm fruit (Elaesis guineensis Jacq). CPO contains beta carotene around 400 – 1000 ppm. Beta carotene from CPO has some biological activities, such as vitamin A activity, protecting from UV rays, regulating immune function, controlling cell proliferation, and antioxidant activity. As an antioxidant, CPO can inhibit free radicals that cause lipid peroxidation, or anion superoxide production mediated by xanthine oxidase system. This research was a case study on SawitA program, that aimed to identify respondent acceptance of CPO as natural source of vitamin A. This research was intended to evaluate the effect of CPO consumption on the level of beta-carotene, malondialdehyde and xanthine oxidase activity in blood plasma. This study implicated 78 low-income respondents that were given about 140 ml CPO/week for 2 months, freely. Plasma blood from 22 healthy housewives respondents were analysed before and after consuming CPO. This study showed that daily consumption of approximately 2,94 ml CPO increased the level of plasma beta carotene from 1,907±1,006 to 1,965±0,762 μmol/l, reduced the level of malondialdehyde from 0,482±0,237 to 0,408±0,19 nmol/ml, but did not effect xanthine oxidase activity significantly. In addition, low-income respondents can accept CPO as a new product very well as part of their daily cooking oil.
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Judul: Penerimaan Konsumsi Minyak Sawit Mentah dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Aktivitas Enzim Antioksidan Sel Darah Merah Responden di Kecamatan Dramaga Bogor
Abstrak: Crude palm oil (CPO) is red colored oil derived from palm fruit husk. CPO contains 500-700 pmm β-carotene, 600 ppm vitamin E, ubiquinone, squalene, and lutien which functioned as antioxidants. These antioxidants can modulate antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase and catalase to ward off free radicals. However, the use of this oil is still scarce as a source of antioxidant. The objectives of this research were to investigate the consumption acceptance of crude palm oil and its effect on antioxidant enzymes activity. Seventy eight respondents from low income families were selected to receive 140 ml CPO / week for 2 month. The distribution activities were monitored using questionnaires to determine consumer acceptance of the product. Blood from twenty two respondents, consisting of productive-aged women, was withdrawn before and after consumption and the erythrocyte was analyzed for activity of superoxide dismutase using nitro blue tetrazolium reduction assay and catalase spectrophotometrically. The results showed that product was accepted by 96 – 100 % respondents after two weeks until two months consumption. The erythrocyte SOD increased from 4.592 ± 1.336 U/mg protein to 4.767 ± 1.222 U/mg protein and catalase increased from 1018.911 ± 0.055 to 1219.607 ± 0.065 Unit/mg protein (mean ± SD) after consumption of approximately 3.771 ml CPO/person/day. From this research we can conclude that intervention with CPO for two months not only change and improve the knowledge of respondent about natural antioxidant, but also can increase the activity of antioxidant enzyme in human erythrocyte.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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