Judul: Pengujian biogum dari enterobacter aglomerans N. sebagai pengemuli dan penstabil pangan serta pengeruh penambahan  asam organik dan garam terhadap kekentalannya
Abstrak: Biogum merupakan salah satu bahan aditif alami yang dapat memperbaiki sifat tekstural suatu produk pangan. Dalam industri pangan, biogum dapat digunakan sebagai penstabil emulsi, penstabil suspensi, pengental, peningkat mutu cecap, bahan pengisi, dan pencegah flokulasi. Kebutuhan akan biogum semakin meningkat dengan semakin berkembangnya industri pangan. Biogum dapat diperoleh dari mikroorganisme. Salah satu mikroorganisme yang telah diisolasi dan potensial sebagai penghasil biogum adalah bakteri Enterobacter aglomerans N (EaN). Dalam aplikasi biogum sebagai aditif makanan, salah satu sifat penting yang harus diketahui adalah pengaruh penambahan asam organik dan garam terhadap kekentalan larutannya. Hal ini dikarenakan banyak produk pangan yang mengandung asam dan garam sehingga harus diketahui karakteristik biogum dengan adanya penambahan asam dan garam tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji fungsi biogum EaN sebagai pengemulsi dan penstabil pangan serta pengaruh asam organik dan garam terhadap larutan biogum yang diproduksi oleh Enterobacter aglomerans N (biogum EaN). Dari pengujian ini, diharapkan dapat diprediksi penggunaan biogum EaN. Produksi biogum EaN dilakukan pada media dengan sumber karbon gula pasir (4%), lama fermentasi optimal 4 hari dan pH awal medium 8,0. Pengujian biogum EaN sebagai pengemulsi menggunakan gum xantan dan CMC sebagai kontrol positif, sedangkan pektin sebagai kontrol negatif
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Judul: Pengaruh Nutrisis dan Lama Fermentasi terahadap Produksi Biogum dari Enterobacter sp dan Erwinia sp
Abstrak: Biogum merupakan polisakarida berantai panjang yang dihasilkan oleh sumber hayati yaitu tumbuhan, hewail, mikroorganisme dan alga, serta bersifat larut dalam air. Produksi biogum oleh bakteri dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan seperti suhu, lama fennentasi dan komposisi media seperti mineral, j enis gula dan konsentrasi nitrogen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh nutrisi yang meliputi pengaruh mineral, jenis gula, konsentrasi dan jenis sumber nitrogen da
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite