Judul: Characterization of Biodiesel Quality from Palm Oil Based on Different Set of Temperature Level by Using Circulation Reactor
Abstrak: The characterization of biodiesel quality from palm oil based on different set of temperature level by using circulation reactor has been investigated. The research was done in 2 phases. The first experiment was done to characterize raw material to decide the following reaction step. The main research was done in 3 temperature conditions (50, 60, and 70 oC) with interval of 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. Molar ratio of methanol to oil at 6:1 and KOH catalyst was 1% of oil weights. Data processing used split plot randomized complete design and continued by Duncan test as necessary. Biodiesel preparation was done with one transesterification step, since free fatty acid contents of palm oil was low (0,32%). The result indicated that the higher the temperature and reaction time the higher the biodiesel quality, based on the lower the acid value, viscosity, total and combined glycerol, and high on methyl esters content. The acid value on temperature 50, 60, and 70 oC was 0,44; 0,41; and 0,40 mg KOH/g, the value of total glycerol was 0,33; 0,29; and 0,26%, and combined glycerol was 0,32; 0,27; and 0,25%, the viscosity was 13,59; 12,34; and 11,94 cSt, the density was 864,5; 864,8; and 862,7 kg/m3, and methyl esters content was 99,05; 99,13; and 99,23%, respectively. Based on data analysis, the optimum condition of circulation reactor was 15 minutes for 70 oC, 20 minutes for 60 oC, and 30 minutes for 50 oC.
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Judul: Effect of Heating Time and Temperature on Biodiesel Purification Made from Used Cooking Oil Using Evaporator
Abstrak: Biodiesel berbahan baku minyak jelantah memiliki peluang untuk mengatasi ketergantungan impor energi nasional. Produksi biodiesel dilakukan melalui reaksi transesterifikasi minyak jelantah dan metanol dengan katalis KOH. Reaksi dapat dimaksimalkan dengan penambahan metanol berlebih. Metanol yang tidak bereaksi selama transesterifikasi dapat mempengaruhi kualitas biodiesel, sehingga diperlukan pemurnian menggunakan evaporator. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh suhu evaporator (70o C, 80o C, dan 90o C) dan waktu pemanasan (60, 90, dan 120 menit) pada pemurnian biodiesel. Analisis karakteristik bahan baku minyak jelantah diperlukan untuk menentukan proses lanjutan. Analisis mutu biodiesel diukur berdasarkan yield biodiesel, densitas, viskositas kinematik, bilangan asam, dan bilangan penyabunan. Analisis metanol diukur berdasarkan yield dan kemurnian. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dua faktor, dan dianalisis dengan ANOVA (α=0,05) serta uji lanjut Duncan. Perlakuan terbaik didapat suhu 90o C dan waktu 90 menit dengan densitas 0,85 g/ml, viskositas kinematik 3,96 cSt, bilangan asam 0,31 mgKOH/g, yield biodiesel 97,00%, yield metanol 18,64% dan kemurnian metanol 96,95%. Kata kunci : biodiesel, minyak jelantah, pemurnian, suhu, waktu,
Keyword: biodiesel, purification, temperature, time, used cooking oil

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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