Judul: Keanekaragaman Kupu-kupu, Desain Penangkaran dan Pengembangannya Sebagai Objek Wisata di Hutan Pendidikan Gunung Walat Sukabumi.
Abstrak: Butterfly is a pollinator insect which has a beautiful form and color of wings that can be an attraction. Gunung Walat Education of Forest (GWEF) is an area that has a potential to support the life of butterfly. The aim of this research is to assess the diversity of butterfly species, to design a butterfly breeding to design tourism programs based on butterflies and also assess the feasibility of butterfly captivity busines at Gunung Walat Education Forest (GWEF). Method which is used in this research is Line Transect with the size of 20 x 20 m as much as 20 plot. This research found 412 individuals of 67 species of butterfly which belongs to 5 family in GWEF. Species that can be found in the six study sites is Cinitia iapis. This species also dominates in every type of research habitat. The butterfly captive breeding which is managed with intensive systems is needed to preserve GWEF butterfly. Two tour packages based on the butterfly that can be developed in GWEF are Butterfly finger and Butterfly park which can be choose by every age ranges.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Jenis Kupu-Kupu di Kawasan Wisata Alam Lembah Cilengkrang Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai
Abstrak: Butterfly is a types of insects that have significant value as pollinators, prey for insectivorous and indicators of environmental quality. Lembah Cilengkrang is one of the natural attractions of Gunung Ciremai National Park (GCNP), which has suitable conditions as a butterfly habitat. Habitat components which required by the butterfly to life includes physical components and biotic habitat. The physical components play an important role, namely temperature, humidity, sunlight and the presence of water, while biotic factors are the availability of plants as sources of food and shelter. Biodiversity studies have been carried out in the Lembah Cilengkrang, but the diversiy data of butterflies have not been done yet, so this research needs to be done in order to add the biodiversity data and as the reference for area management of nature tourism in Lembah Cilengkrang. The purpose of this study was to identify the diversity of butterflies and analyze the differences in the level of richness, diversity, evenness and similarity of butterfly on terrestrial and riparian habitat. The research was done in April and May 2012. The collected data including butterfly diversity and habitat characteristics include physical factors and biotic habitat. Diversity of butterflies are known by using transects methods along the tour route which divided into two paths namely terrestrial and riparian habitat path. Buttefly data was collected in the morning (8:00 to 12:00) and afternoon (15:00 to 17:00) with five repetitions of each habitat type. Diversity was calculated using diversity index (H '), richness index (Dmg), evenness index (E), dominance and similarity types index (Sj). Butterflies were found as many as 95 species with a number of individuals as much as 2044 individuals from five families, namely Papilionidae (9 species), Pieridae (10 species), Nymphalidae (46 species), Lycaenidae (14 species) and Hesperidae (16 species). Among the total number of butterfly species founded, there were two types of butterflies which protected by the government through PP. 7 of 1999 and included in Appendix II of CITES, namely Troides helena and Troides cuneifera. Riparian habitat has higher richness, diversity and evenness than terrestrial habitats. Differences of butterfly diversity can be influenced by physical factor and biotic habitats where feed plants and water sources presence
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Judul: Karakteristik Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH
Abstrak: Carboxymethyl chitosan is chitosan derivative product obtained from chemical modification. CMCh were made by alkalization process and carboxymethylation process. Factors that affect CMCh characteristics were excess sodium hydroxide in alkalization process, ratio between chitosan and monochloroacetic acid, and carboxymethylation temperature. The objectives of this research were to study the NaOH effect to CMCh characteristics, to learn process of making CMCh, to set the proper concentration of NaOH, and to analyze CMCh characteristics. CMCh yields were 110.72%-114.22%. CMCh pH value were 3.74-4.31. The optimum NaOH concentration to obtain the best CHCh was 10 M. Percentage of CMCh moisture content was 10.70%-11.42%. Ash content and nitrogen content of CMCh were 0.49%-0.50% and 4.52%-4.81%. CMCh viscousity was 8.25 cps. Percentage of CMCh solubility was 61.61%-91.50%. The different functional groups from chitosan which observed in CMCh were C=O group, CH group from alkene functional group, C−O group, and C−O−C group.
Keyword: solubility., functional group, CMCh characteristics, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan