Judul: Ciri morfologi dan siklus hidup parasitoid acerophagus papayae noyes  schauff (Hymenoptera: granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Encyrtidae) pada paracoccus marginatus williams
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ciri morfologi dan siklus hidup parasitoid A. papayae pada P. marginatus. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium dengan mengambil P. marginatus yang terparasit dari lapangan kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam tabung reaksi. Imago parasitoid A. papayae betina yang muncul dimasukkan ke dalam kurungan plastik yang di dalamnya terdapat nimfa instar kedua P. marginatus. Untuk mengamati ciri morfologi dan siklus hidup parasitoid, nimfa P. marginatus yang terparasit dipelihara pada daun pepaya yang ada pada tanaman kemudian, dilakukan pembedahan setiap hari. Untuk mengamati waktu kemunculan imago parasitoid, nimfa P. marginatus yang terparasit dipelihara dalam tabung reaksi. Imago parasitoid A. papayae (betina dan jantan) secara umum berwarna oranye kekuningan dengan sayap yang transparan. Imago parasitoid A. papayae betina dan jantan dapat dibedakan dengan mengamati bentuk antena, warna abdomen dan alat kelaminnya. Parasitoid A. papayae memiliki tipe telur encyrtiform, tipe larva hymenopteriform dan tipe pupa exarate. Siklus hidup parasitoid A. papayae umumnya berkisar 13-15 hari. Waktu kemunculan tertinggi imago parasitoid A. papayae, baik betina maupun jantan, adalah pada kisaran jam 06.00-09.00 WIB dengan nilai persentase lebih dari 85%. Lama hidup imago parasitoid A. papayae betina yang diberi madu rata-rata adalah 7,55 ± 2,54 hari dan lama hidup imago parasitoid A. papayae jantan rata-rata 7,25 ± 3,06 hari. Lama hidup imago parasitoid A. papayae betina dan jantan yang dipelihara tanpa madu berkisar 1-3 hari.
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Judul: Quantitative analysis of potency of acerophagus papayae noyes & schauff (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), parasitoid of the papaya mealybug
Abstrak: The papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams and Granara de Willink (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was an invasive pest that invaded Indonesia in early 2008 and caused heavy damage on papaya. One of the natural enemies found in Bogor was parasitoid Acerophagus papayae Noyes and Schauff (Hymenoptera:Encyrtidae). The parasitoid was believed to have been fortuitously introduced into Indonesia. Research was conducted to evaluate the potency of A. papayae as biological control agent for the papaya mealybug. Studies included determining various biological parameters such as development time, host preference, functional response, and simulation model of host-parasitoid population dynamics. Parasitoids were obtained from the papaya fields by collecting the mummy of papaya mealybugs and enclosed individually in gelatin capsules. Adult parasitoids emerged were reared on the papaya mealybugs with Jatropha curcas as a host plant. Fitness and preference of the parasitoids were studied using papaya mealybug instar II dan III with a piece of papaya leaf in a test tube (d = 3 cm, h = 15 cm). Functional response of the parasitoids were studied at the host density of 2, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 nymphs. Mummies were also collected from the fields, and the data were used to test the sensitivity and validate the model using Stella version 9.02 software. Our study revealed that the parasitoid preferred second-instar over the third-instar nymphs of P. marginatus. Immature developmental time was shorter and survival rate was higher of parasitoids developed on the second-instar nymps. Female parasitoid showed type II functional response with the increasing host density. Our simulation model indicated that the parasitoid had a good searching capacity and was able to regulate papaya mealybug population.
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Judul: Query Expansion based on Bilingual Dictionary Using Conditional Probability
Abstrak: Query expansion is a technique that can be used to bridge vocabulary gaps between queries and documents in the collection. With query expansion, user will be helped to formulate queries well so that user will optimize the search result. In this study, the expansion term was resulted from the translation of bilingual dictionary. Subsequently, several terms of expansion were elected based on the closeness of its relationship with the original query. This research showed that conditional probability can be used to select expansion term in bilingual translation method query expansion. The result of 1000 documents was more than 97% relevan document can be retrieved by this system. The more expansion term used, the larger number relevan document was retrieved.
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