Judul: Coconut Chips Product Development on a Small Industrial Scale
Abstrak: Keripik kelapa merupakan salah satu jenis produk keripik yang dapat ditemukan di Indonesia. Industri kecil menengah pangan (IKMP) XYZ merupakan produsen keripik kelapa yang masih memproduksi keripik kelapa skala industri kecil. IKMP XYZ ingin melakukan pengembangan produk dan melakukan analisis strategi bisnis dan pemasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan karakteristik ideal keripik kelapa serta strategi pemasaran untuk memperluas pasar. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei yang disebar secara daring terhadap 145 responden dan uji sensori berupa CATA dan RATA terhadap 70 panelis tidak terlatih dengan rentang umur 15–60 tahun yang ditentukan secara random sampling. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deksriptif kuantitatif yang dilakukan dalam empat tahapan, meliputi survei konsumen, pemetaan atribut sensori keripik kelapa, perbaikan produk, dan pengembangan strategi pemasaran melalui business model canvas (BMC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peluang pasar keripik kelapa masih terbuka lebar. Kerenyahan, rasa manis, aftertaste manis dan aroma karamel merupakan karakteristik produk ideal keripik kelapa setelah dilakukan analisis pemetaan atribut sensori dari ketiga produk pesaing dan produk IKMP XYZ. Kelemahan produk IKMP XYZ pada aspek rasa manis dilakukan dengan perbaikan formula, dengan formula terpilih menggunakan perbandingan berat gula dan keripik kelapa 2:8 (b:b). Strategi pengembangan pemasaran produk keripik kelapa menyasar kalangan muda dengan target pasar untuk kelas menengah dan diferensiasi pada penggunaan bahan alami tanpa pangawet dan pewarna sintetik. Pengembangan bisnis IKMP XYZ dianalisis dengan menggunakan BMC dengan strategi utama untuk meningkatkan keterikatan produk dengan konsumen dan mengembangkan metode pemasaran lainnya. Keripik kelapa produksi IKMP XYZ perlu dilakukan perubahan dengan formulasi perbandingan berat gula dan keripik kelapa 2:8 (b:b) serta meningkatkan keterikatan produk dengan konsumen melalui strategi pemasaran yang beragam sehingga produk dapat diterima oleh pasar., Coconut chips are one type of chip product that can be found in Indonesia. XYZ is a coconut chip producer that still produces coconut chips on a small industrial scale. XYZ wants to develop their product and analyze their business and marketing strategies. This study aimed to describe the ideal characteristics of coconut chips and marketing strategies to expand the market. This study used a survey method distributed online to 145 respondents and a sensory test CATA (check-all-that-apply) and RATA (rate-all-that-apply) to 70 untrained panelists with an age range of 15–60 years old which was determined by random sampling. This quantitative descriptive research conducted in four stages, including consumer surveys, mapping of sensory attributes of coconut chips, product improvement, and development of marketing strategies through the business model canvas (BMC). The results showed that the market opportunity for coconut chips was still wide open. Crunchiness, sweet taste, sweet aftertaste, and caramel aroma were the characteristics of the ideal coconut chip product after analyzing the sensory attribute mapping of the three competing products and XYZ's products. The weakness of the XYZ product in the aspect of sweetness was corrected by improving the formula. The selected formula used a weight ratio of sugar and coconut chips 2:8 (w:w). The marketing development strategy for coconut chip products targeted young people with a target market for the middle class and differentiation on the use of natural ingredients without preservatives and synthetic coloring. XYZ business development was analyzed
Keyword: Coconut chips, market strategy, product development, sensory attributes

Judul: Competitiveness and Export Development Analysis of Indonesian Coconut Derivative Products in International Market
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil kelapa terbesar di dunia, namun produktivitas dan luas area lahannya cenderung menurun dengan ekspor yang sebagian besar berupa produk mentah. Alternatif ekspor ke produk dengan nilai lebih tinggi diperlukan untuk mempertahankan nilai ekspor Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) menganalisis daya saing dan pengembangan ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia di pasar internasional menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan X-model potential export product; 2) menganalisis daya saing serta dekomposisi pertumbuhan ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia jika dibandingkan dengan pesaingnya di pasar internasional menggunakan metode Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA); 3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia di pasar internasional menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Hasil analisis daya saing berupa keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif, serta klasterisasi pengembangan ekspor menunjukkan bahwa desiccated coconut (DC) dan activated carbon (AC) Indonesia memiliki pengembangan pasar ekspor yang optimis di Cina, sedangkan brown sugar (BS) Indonesia memiliki pengembangan pasar ekspor yang optimis di Amerika Serikat. Pertumbuhan ekspor DC Indonesia, DC Filipina, AC Indonesia, dan AC India lebih disebabkan oleh efek daya saing. Pertumbuhan ekspor BS Indonesia lebih disebabkan oleh efek distribusi pasar, sedangkan BS Thailand oleh efek komposisi komoditas. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel Gross Domestic Product (GDP) negara tujuan ekspor secara positif signifikan mempengaruhi nilai ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia, sedangkan populasi negara tujuan, dan real effective exchange rate (REER) tidak signifikan mempengaruhi nilai ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia., Indonesia is the largest coconut producer in the world, but its productivity and land area tended to decrease with export mostly in primary product. Alternatives exports of products with higher value are needed to maintain the value of Indonesian exports. The study aims to 1) analyze the competitiveness and export development of Indonesian coconut derivative products in international market using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and X-model potential export product; 2) analyze the competitiveness and decomposition of the export growth of Indonesian coconut derivative products compared to its competitors in international market using Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA); 3) analyze the factors that affect the export value of Indonesian derivative products using ordinary least squres (OLS). The competitiveness analysis in the form of comparative advantage and competitive advantage as well as the export development clusterization analysis showed that Indonesian desiccated coconut (DC) and activated carbon (AC) has an optimistic export market development in China while Indonesian brown sugar (BS) has an optimistic export market development in United State of America. The growth of export of Indonesian DC, Philippines DC, Indonesian AC, and Philippines AC is more due to competitiveness effect. Indonesia’s BS export growth is due more to market distribution effect while Thailand’s BS is due to commodity composition effect. The estimation showed that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) importing country significantly positive affects the export value of Indonesian coconut derivative products while population importing country and real effective exchange rate (REER) unsignificantly affect it.
Keyword: Clusterization, Comparative Advantage, Competitive Advantage, Export Value, X-model potential export product

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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