Judul: Penelitian tentang pemanfaatan alang-alang (Imperata Cylindrica (L.) Beauv.) untuk makanan sapi
Abstrak: Dalam rangka meneliti cara-cara memanfaatkan alang-alang (Imperata cvlindrica (L.) Beauv.) untuk makanan sapi maka telah dilakukan empat percobaan. Pada percobaan 1 dipergunakan 12 ekor sapi anak betina peranakan Ongole dengan bobot badan permulaan rata-rata 94,5 kg yang diatur dalam suatu rancangan tiga bujur sangkar Latin 4 x 4. Tujuan percobaan ialah untuk mempelajari pengaruh dari tiga bahan karbohidrat (onggok, sagı dan tetes) dalam makanan penguat yang mengandung urea terhadap penggunaan makanan jika alang-alang diberikan ad libitum. Rumput gajah (Pennisetum purpuroum) yang diberikan ad libitum sebagai makanan tunggal dipakai sebagai kontrol. Perbandingan nitroen urea dengan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen berkisar dari 1: 27 sampai 133, dan tingkat urea dirancang dengan dosis tertinggi 20 g per 100 kg bobot badan. Bujur sangkar 1, 2 dan 3 masing-masing mewakili jumlah makanan penguat yang diberikan per ekor per hari yaitu 1,2%, 0,9% dan 0,6% ukuran badan metabolis (UBM). Untuk percobaan 2 dipakai 10 ekor sapi dara pera- nakan Ongole dengan bobot badan permulaan rata-rata 120 kg dan diatur dalam suatu mancangan balik ("cross over") untuk secara langsung membandingkan nilai gizi alang-alang dengan rumput gajah. Dengan metoda yang serupa pemberian jagung sebanyak 3% UBM juga secara langsung dibandingkan dengan onggok pada tingkat pemberian yang sama, dongan alang-alang sebagai hijauan tunggal yang diberikan ad libitum. ...
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Judul: Penggunaan larutan alkali (NaOH) dan penambahan daun lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) untuk meningkatkan nilai guna jerami padi sebagai hijauan makanan ternak sapi peranakan ongole (PO) dan kerbau rawa
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui sampai berapa jauh pengaruh penyiraman larutan NaOH dan penambahan bahan makanan sumber protein asal hijauan lamtoro (Leucaena leucocephala) terhadap nilai guna jerami padi sebagai hijauan sapi PO dan kerbau rawa, terutama jika dibandingkan dengan rumput gajah (P'ennise·tum purpureum). Lima macam ransum percobaan: (a) 100 persen jerami padi tanpa alkali (Jp); (b) 100 persen jerami padi alkali (JpA); (c) 70 persen Jp - 30 persen daun lamtoro (JpL); (d) 70 persen JpA - 30 persen daun lamtoro (JpAL) dan (e) 100 persen rumput gajah {RG), diberikan pada sapi PO dan kerbau rawa di dalam percobaan 2 (5 x 5) Rancangan Bujur Sangkar Latin ("Latin Square Design").
Keyword: Vegetable legumes;, Ongole cattle;, Swamp cattle;, Leucaena;

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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