Judul: Model of sustainable sardine fisheries management in the Bali Strait
Abstrak: Fisheries management, particularly capture fisheries, is very complex and requiring the integration of biological, ecological, economical and social aspects. Adjusting a sustainable management of fisheries resources, it is needed attention to the aquatic ecosystem as the habitat for fish. Sardine (Sardinella lemuru Bleeker 1853) is the main source of livelihood for the fishermen on the coast of Bali Strait. Sardine is a small pelagic fish which caught for the public consumption and for canned fish industry. The main fishing gears used by the fishermen of the Bali Strait for catching sardine are purse seine (a major fishing gear). The other fishing gears which used are payang (boat seine net), gillnet, bagan (lift net), and beach seine. The exploitation of fishery resources in Bali strait waters were influence both in fish catch and revenue of the local government. Based on these facts, management of sardine fish resources in order to anticipate over fishing as well as to keep the fishers income sustainability is needed. Monitoring and control of sardine resource exploitation are needed to reach a sustainable and well-maintained management. To solves these problems the study has been conducted in Banyuwangi, East Jawa and Jembrana, Bali. The main purpose of this study is formulating a model of sustainable sardine fisheries management in the Bali Strait. Using sustainable approach, the detail aims of this study are to identify: (1) main factor effect of oceanography and climatology on the catch of sardine; (2) productivity and fishing effort of sardine (3) social and economic conditions of fishermen and the fishermen institutional role, (4) appropriate fishing gear of sardine fishes, and (5) developed model of dynamics system of sustainable sardine fisheries management. The results of this study showed that the chlorophyll-a and wind were influence the catch of sardine significantly. Sardines that identified as a plankton feeder have already utilized intensively at optimum level. Based on economic and technical aspects, purse seine has high opportunity to be developed in Bali Strait. Furthermore, using dynamics model this study suggested to operate 165 fishing effort (purse seine). This scenario was the better choices compared with existing condition and other scenario which operate 184 units fishing efforts.
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Judul: The model of capture fisheries management in the area of Bali Strait
Abstrak: The fisheries activity was being prime mover (around 80%) of the fishermen and the society economic in the area of Bali Strait. However, it would be very much trivial if the potency was not well managed and unable to give the prosperity for the fishermen society. The research purposes were to determine the level of fishermen prosperity, to forecast the production of major catch of fishes, to determine the level of fisheries business feasibility, to formulate the management of the capacity building for strategy of fisheries resources, and to build the management model of the area that guarantees the sustainability of fisheries development. The method used consisted of the level of prosperity analysis, forecasting analysis, business feasibility analysis, strategy analysis by using AHP, and model analysis by using SEM. The results of analysis showed that the level of fishermen prosperity in the area of Bali Strait was ‘moderate’ (total score=25.80). The production of lemuru tended to increase within the last several years and at the year of 2010 was forecasted to decrease 44,899.13 tonnes. The production of tongkol tended to decrease, and at the year of 2010 was forecasted to reach 2,035.30 tonnes. The production of layang also tended to decrease, and at the year of 2010 was forecasted to reach 1,967.01 tonnes. As the dominant fisheries business, purse seine one boat system (OBS), purse seine two boat system (TBS), gill net and ‘payang’ were very feasible to be developed in the area indicatively the values, NPV>1, IRR>6.25, ROI>1, and B/C Ratio>1. The development managed by the spesific institution establised by local governments (RK=0.284) was the right strategy of capacity building in order to manage the fisheries resources in the area. This specific institution roled to organize the fisheries resources conservation programs, to regulate the exploitation of fisheries resources based on local governments policy (SKB), to supervise selling price and fishing gears operation periodically, to provide the information centre of job opportunity and the vocational centre, and to facilitate the local revenue planning of the sector of fisheries. The management model of the area developed could fit some criteria such as goodness of fit (Chi-square, signifance probability, RMSEA, GFI, AGFI, CMIN/DF, TLI, dan CFII). The results of analysis of the model showed that some concerned components for sustainability guarantee of fisheries development in the area required were local market performance, export market performance, product supply of processing industry to the market, biodiversity, prosperity of fishermen, work force absorption of capture fisheries business and industry, growth of capture fisheries business, income of processing industry and tax.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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