Judul: Karakteristik struktur skelet kaki biawak air (Varanus salvator)
Abstrak: This study was aimed to observe the marphological of appendicular skeleton of Varanus salvator, associated with the function and behavior. Anatomy of appendicular skeleton of V. salvator was observed and measured of length of bones and joints. The bones and their parts of appendicular skeleton named base on Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2012 and Atlas of Komodo Dragon. On the forelimbs, os scapula has a convex shape, and has a broad joint with the os humerus. In the proximal part of the os humerus was found crista pectoralis, and the distal part of the bone is widened laterally. Ossa radius et ulna has spatium interosseum antebrachii along both of the bones. The hindlimbs consists of the os coxae has a concave shaped, os femoris which has three ossa articulatio genus on femorotibiofibularis joints, ossa et tibia fibula has spatium interosseum cruris along both of the bones. Soles area of the forelimbs and hindlimbs composed of ossa carpi/tarsi, ossa metacarpalia/metatarsalia and ossa phalanges manus/pedis which has compact structure and distinctive. This supports the ability to climb trees and gripping prey. The skeletal structure of the limb causes a high flexibility in the movement of the forelimbs and hindlimbs skeleton.
Keyword: Varanus salvator, forelimbs and hindlimbs skeletons, appendicular skeleton, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Studi Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Biawak Air (Varanus salvator)
Abstrak: The study was aimed to observe the characteristics of cranial skeleton of Varanus salvator, compared to its function and behavior. This study was conducted by observing speciment of water monitor lizards cranial skeleton and the observation was compared with related litelatures. The results showed that the head of water monitor lizard had 12 cm in length, 7 cm in width and 5 cm in height. Water monitor lizard have a marginal pleurodont teeth that grows on the side of the jaw with one tooth replacement on each marginal tooth. Relationships between bone of the head very closely and a few bones like os lacrimale, os temporale and os postorbitale grows attached to each other with the surrounding bones. Pars splanchnocranii thrives and elongated, and os supraorbitale found in this area. Columella cranii found in the pars neurocranii and os squadratum well developed in this area. Canalis interincisivum found on the hard palate that connects the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. This channel is functionally compared to the olfactory system because it associated with organon jacobson.
Keyword: Varanus salvator, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), pleurodont teeth, os postorbitale, cranial skeleton

Judul: Pembuatan Isoeugenol dari Eugenol Menggunakan Pemanasan Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan salah satu penghasil minyak cengkeh terbesar di dunia. Pasokan minyak cengkeh Indonesia ke pasar dunia mencapai 60% kebutuhan dunia. Pada tahun 2000, dari 2,080 ton minyak cengkeh yang dipasarkan, Indonesia memasok 1,317 ton (Deptan, 2005). Di negara-negara industri seperti Amerika Serikat, Perancis, Jerman, Italia, dan Inggris, minyak cengkeh digunakan sebagai bahan baku untuk membuat isolat eugenol dan derivatnya seperti isoeugenol dengan nilai tambah yang lebih tinggi. Harga eugenol sebesar Rp 75 000/kg, harga isoeugenol sebesar Rp 95 000/kg (Indesso, 2006) sedangkan harga minyak daun cengkeh Indonesia di pasar Internasional sekitar Rp 25 000/kg (Deptan, 2005). Isoeugenol merupakan senyawa yang banyak digunakan sebagai campuran dalam fragrances dan dalam produk-produk konsumsi harian seperti parfum, produk perawatan kulit, deodoran, sabun, shampo, deterjen serta sebagai bahan intermediet dalam produksi vanilin sintetik. Isoeugenol dihasilkan dari reaksi isomerisasi eugenol. Reaksi isomerisasi eugenol umumnya dilakukan dengan cara mereaksikan eugenol dalam larutan basa KOH atau NaOH pada suhu tinggi selama 5 – 7 jam (Cerveny et al., 1987). Lamanya waktu pemanasan konvensional ini diduga dapat dipersingkat dengan menggunakan pemanasan gelombang mikro. Aplikasi katalis basa yang membutuhkan jumlah yang berlebih dalam reaksi isomerisasi juga dapat digantikan dengan menggunakan katalis RhCl3.3H2O dalam jumlah yang lebih rendah (Chalk, 1977).
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