Judul: Performance of Characters from Local Varieties, National Varieties, and Breeding Lines of Sorghum
Abstrak: Sorgum merupakan tanaman serealia dengan daya adaptasi yang luas dan memiliki banyak manfaat. Benih unggul yang masih sulit diperoleh dan terbatas menjadi salah satu masalah dalam pengembangan sorgum di Indonesia. Terdapat beberapa jenis sorgum varietas lokal, varietas nasional, dan galur-galur hasil pemuliaan yang perlu dilakukan uji keragaan karakter agronomi, hasil, dan ketahanan penyakit untuk memperoleh varietas dan galur sorgum yang berpotensi dikembangkan dalam program pemuliaan tanaman dan dilepas sebagai varietas baru. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari-Juli 2021 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman, Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, IPB University. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor yaitu genotipe dengan tiga ulangan. Berdasarkan analisis ragam semua genotipe memiliki keragaman karakter agronomi dan hasil yang diamati, juga keragaman karakter pada keparahan penyakit kecuali karat daun saat 60 dan 70 hari setelah tanam (HST), serta busuk batang. Genotipe A-125-1-6-1-6 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan dan pakan ternak. Genotipe C-375-17-1-5 berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai bahan pangan dengan tinggi tanaman sedang. Genotipe Pulut 5 berpotensi dijadikan tetua untuk menghasilkan sorgum berumur genjah. Genotipe dari galur hasil pemuliaan menunjukkan respon sangat tahan terhadap penyakit antraknosa dan karat daun, kecuali Soraya 3. Varietas lokal memiliki respon ketahanan penyakit tahan dan agak tahan., Sorghum is categorized as a cereal crop with a wide range of adaptability and numerous advantages. Superior seeds are still difficult to obtain and limited supplay is one of the challenges in Indonesia sorghum development. There are several types of sorghum local varieties, national varieties, and breeding lines that need to be tested for the performance of agronomic characters, yield, and disease resistance in order to obtain sorghum varieties and lines with the potential to be developed in plant breeding programs and released as new varieties. The experiment was conducted from February-July 2021 at Leuwikopo Experimental Field and Plant Breeding Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with one genotype treatment factor, in three replications. The result of the analysis of variance, showed that all genotypes had variability in agronomic characters and yield, as well as variability in disease severity, with the exception of leaf rust at 60 and 70 days after planting (DAP), and stem rot. Genotype A-125-1-6-1-6 has the potential to be developed as food and animal feed ingredient. Genotype C-375-17-1-5 has the potential to be developed as food plant with a medium plant height. The pulut 5 genotype has the potential to be used as parents in the production of early-aged sorghum. The breeding lines showed a very resistant response to anthracnose and leaf rust, except for the Soraya 3. Disease resistance reponses in local varieties are resistant and moderately resistant.
Keyword: analisis ragam, genotipe, karakter, keragaman, ketahanan penyakit

Judul: Keragaan Karakter Agronomi dan Hasil Galur Sorgum Generasi F7 Hasil Seleksi Pedigree-Bulk
Abstrak: Sorgum merupakan salah satu komoditas pangan untuk diversifikasi pangan yang memiliki banyak potensi untuk dikembangkan. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh galur-galur sorgum generasi F7 hasil seleksi pedigree dan bulk yang mempunyai keragaan karakter agronomi, komponen hasil yang unggul. Galur-galur F7 hasil seleksi tersebut diuji untuk mendukung pelepasan varietas. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari sampai Juli 2021 di Kebun Percobaan Leuwikopo dan Laboratorium Pemuliaan Tanaman Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura IPB University. Materi genetik yang digunakan yaitu 17 galur F7 hasil persilangan PI 10-90-A x Numbu, PI 150-20-A x Numbu, dan PI 150-20-A x Kawali. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan satu perlakuan genotipe yang diulang sebanyak tiga kali. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan genotipe berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap karakter tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, panjang daun, diameter batang, umur berbunga, umur panen, panjang malai, biomas basah, biomas kering, potensi biomas basah per hektar, potensi biomas kering per hektar, bobot malai kering, bobot biji per malai, dan bobot 1000 biji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan genotipe A-1-23-1-1 berpotensi untuk produksi bioetanol. Genotipe B-4-6-7 berpotensi dikembangkan untuk sorgum varietas genjah. Genotipe C-375-17-5-9 berpotensi untuk dijadikan galur harapan berdaya hasil unggul. Genotipe dari galur hasil pemuliaan menunjukkan respon sangat tahan terhadap penyakit antraknosa dan karat daun, kecuali B-14-25-5-6 dan B-182-5-12-7., Sorghum is one of the food commodities for food diversification that has a lot of potential to be developed. The research aimed to obtain F7 generation sorghum lines from pedigree and bulk selection was had superior agronomic characters and yield components. The selected F7 lines were tested to support the release of varieties. The research was conducted from February to July 2021 at Leuwikopo Experimental Farm and Plant Breeding Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB University. The genetic materials used were 17 F7 lines from the cross of PI 10-90-A x Numbu, PI 150-20-A x Numbu, and PI 150-20-A x Kawali. The experiment was arranged using a randomized complete block design with one genotype treatment factor which were replicated three times. Analysis of variance showed that genotypes had a very significant effect on the characters of plant height, number of leaves, leaf length, stem diameter, flowering age, harvest age, panicle length, fresh biomass, dry biomass, potential fresh biomass per hectare, potential dry biomass per hectare, dry panicle weight, seed weight per panicle, and weight of 1000 seeds. The results showed that genotype A-1-23-1-1 has the potential for bioethanol production. Genotype B-4-6-7 has the potential to be developed for early-maturity sorghum varieties. Genotype C-375-17-5-9 has the potential to be used as a high-yielding hope lines. The breeding lines showed a very resistant response to anthacnose and leaf rust, except for the B-14-25-5-6 and B-182-5-12-7.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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