Judul: Pengaruh Kadar Kholesterol Darah Terhadap Kejadian Atherosclerosis Pada Manusia dan Beberapa Hewan Percobaan
Abstrak: Penyakit "atherosclerosis" adalah salah satu penyakit arteri jantung yang ditandai dengan pengerasan. Penyakit ini mengakibatkan berbagai macam bahaya diantaranya: angina pectoris dengan gejala rasa nyeri di dada waktu bergerak, infark miokardium akut dengan gejala denyut jantung cepat sekali, sesak napas, kematian secara mendadak akibat terputusnya aliran darah. Penyakit ini juga mendukung perkembangan "stroke" (trombosis otak, infark otak), aneurisma aorta, penyakit pembuluh darah pada ginjal, paru-paru, dan perifer (Suitor dan Crowley, 1986). Penyebab utama timbulnya penyakit ini adalah tingginya kadar kholesterol dalam darah atau hiperkholesterolemia. Faktor-faktor lain yang dapat mempercepat kejadian penyakit ini antara lain tekanan darah tinggi, terlalu gemuk, kurang aktivitas fisik, penyakit kencing manis, pecandu rokok, "stress" atau banyak pikiran, dan faktor keturunan (Hurst et al., 1986). Menurut bentuknya dibagi atas tiga macam lemak bergaris merupakan sebagai zat pemula dari lesio "atherosclerosis", bercak fibrosa dimana lesio-lesionya berprolifersi atau berkembang, bercak dengan suatu komplikasi (Bulkley, 1983).
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Judul: Hewan coba (animal models) untuk aterogenesis
Abstrak: Data survei Kesehatan Rumah Tangga 1980 menunjukkan bahwa penyakit jantung koroner merupakan penyebab kematian nomor tiga di Indonesia. Sedangkan survei yang sama tahun 1987 mengungkapkan bahwa penyakit jantung koroner menempati peringkat kedua penyebab kematian di Indonesia. Karena itu perlu dilakukan berbagai usaha pencegahan dan khususnya yang berkaitan dengan proses aterosklerosis pada pembuluh darah koroner. Aterosklerosis merupakan suatu keadaan dimana dinding pembuluh darah arteri menebal dan mengeras karena timbunan lapisan yang berisi kolesterol, asam lemak, jaringan fibrosa, dan sebagainya. Faktor penyebab terjadinya aterosklerosis adalah konsumsi makanan berkolesterol tinggi. Selain itu kebiasaan merokok, tekanan darah tinggi, hiperlipidemia diabetes mellitus, faktor cekaman (stres), kegemukan serta faktor keturunan merupakan suatu resiko untuk terjadinya aterosklerosis. ...
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite