Judul: Age-sex Difference in Behaviour of The Lutungs in Pangandaran Nature Park
Abstrak: Mempelajari perbedaan umur dan jenis kelamin dalam ekologi sangat berguna untuk memahami strategi mencari makan hewan tertentu. Namun sedikit penelitian tentang perbedaan umur dan jenis kelamin pada monyet colobine Asia, salah satu kelompok primata terbear di Asia. Penelitian dilakukan untuk melihat perbedaan aktivitas harian dan perilaku makan lutung jawa (Trachypithecus auratus) berdasarkan perbedaan umur dan jenis kelamin. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan aktivitas harian lutung: persentasi istirahat lutung dewasa lebih tinggi, sedangkan lutung anak-anak lebih tinggi dalam aktivitas berpindah dan aktivitas kecil lainnya. Sebaliknya, perilaku makan menunjukkan tidak ada pebedaan diantara kelompok umur dan jenis kelamin, hal ini menunjukkan tingginya ketersediaan makanan pokok lutung dan rendahnya persaingan mendapatkan makanan antar individu dalam kelompok, dan/atau karena lutung merupakan primata pemakan daun.
Keyword: Colobine, perilaku harian, perilaku makan, primata pemakan daun, umur dan jenis kelamin

Judul: Variasi Geografis dan Lingkungan dalam Anggaran Kegiatan dan Pola Makan Lutung Jawa (Trachypithecus auratus)
Abstrak: Environmental and climatic conditions affect food abundance, affecting animals' dietary composition and diversity. Activity budgets are key information for evaluating the feeding strategy of primates. This study aims to analyze the effects of geographic and environmental factors on activity budget and dietary habits of Javan langurs (Trachypithecus auratus) across their geographical range or among forest types. This study’s data were gathered by conducting a web-based survey of the activity budget and dietary habits of the Javan langur. This study analyzed relationships between the geographical/environmental and activity, dietary composition, and social/behavioral aspects by the Spearman’s rank correlation tests and tested differences in the above variables among three forest types by the Kruskal-Wallis tests. The langurs’ diets were composed of foliage (49.0-75.7%), fruits (21.6-48.1%), and flowers (2.7-23.0%). The activities of the langurs were mainly composed of feeding (range: 20.2-44.2%), moving (9.8- 32.1%), resting (9.3-43.6%), and social behavior (2.5-28.9%). There were no significant differences between forest types and activity budget and dietary habits of the langurs and no significant correlations between geographic/environmental variations and their activity budget and dietary habits. The folivorous-based diets and their specialized digestive strategy would be the main reason for the lack of regional variation in activity and dietary habits.
Keyword: Colobines, conservation, feeding, folivorous, forest types

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4