Judul: Perbandingan Skala Kontinu dan Skala Diskret
Abstrak: In social studies, researchers often measure the characteristics of coutinuously measured objects by using discrete scales. So far the discrete scale are considered among the most popular methods used in the study because it is easy and simple. For this purpose, we need scale which can put respondents answers into a particular option, but has a relatively small bias. This study focused on the measurement of the magnitude of the bias arising from the multiple scale number associated with the number of samples, the distribution of the data and the correlation between variables. We than simulated using a continuous scale and then transformed into a discrete scale with six categories, namely scale 2 - 7. For each category, the magnitude of the sample size did not significantly affect the bias. The magnitude of the bias due to the categorization of the scale in this study indicates that the more categories used the smaller the bias. Category scale that has the smallest of bias was 7 with the average value of the bias 3.32%.
Keyword: bias., correlation, categories, Scale

Judul: Konsistensi Respons pada Skala Kontinu
Abstrak: Dalam menilai suatu objek, umumnya seseorang menggunakan pengetahuan, pemahaman, dan pola pikir yang berbeda sesuai subjektivitas masingmasing individu. Hal ini menyebabkan respons setiap individu dapat berbeda-beda dalam menilai objek yang sama. Perbedaan respon juga disebabkan adanya perbedaan kemampuan individu dalam mentransformasi ide kualitatif ke kuantitatif. Disamping itu, dalam waktu yang berbeda, setiap individu umumnya memiliki basis yang berbeda-beda dalam menilai sesuatu objek, sehingga penilaian menjadi tidak konsisten. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat konsistensi respons kontinu. Metode yang digunakan adalah perancangan percobaan yang melibatkan 200 responden, dimana setiap individu diberi tiga perlakuan yaitu objek A (kualitas tinggi), B (kualitas sedang), dan C (kualitas rendah). Pengukuran dilakukan berupa respon secara spontan dan struktural. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa respons struktural lebih konsisten dibandingkan respons spontan untuk semua kategori objek yang dinilai. Fakta ini membuktikan bahwa, seseorang akan relatif lebih konsisten dalam menilai suatu objek dengan menggunakan skala yang lebih terstruktur (skala rendah).
Keyword: konsistensi, respons spontan, respons struktural

Judul: Pemberian Meniran Phyllanthus niruri Untuk Pencegahan Infeksi IMNV (Infectious Myonecrosis Virus) pada Udang Vaname Litopenaeus vannamei
Abstrak: IMNV (Myonecrosis Infectious Virus) is a virus that attacks shrimp vaname in recent years. Currently, treatment and drug has not been obtained to control the virus IMNV. This research done to determine the effect immunostimulan meniran extract 20 mg / kg in infected shrimp IMNV. IMNV infection in shrimp feeding trials carried out through a IMNV infected shrimp meat for 3 days by 50% from biomass. Based on the results obtained, IMNV infection gives a significantly different effect on survival rate. In the infected shrimp IMNV without giving meniran survival rate of 66.67%, while the survival rate of shrimp that were infected with the provision meniran IMNV of 86.67%. For the shrimp that are not infected IMNV, the survival rate of 93.33%. IMNV clinical signs in general is white necrotic areas in striated (skeletal) muscles. In the treatment of clinical signs seen meniran on day 6 after infection. While on treatment without being infected IMNV meniran extracts, clinical signs first appeared on day 3 after infection.
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