Judul: Characteristics of Collagen from Pangas Catfish Swim bladder (Pangasius sp.) with Differences Time of Ultrasound
Abstrak: Gelembung renang merupakan hasil samping perikanan yang sebagian komponen utamanya berupa protein kolagen. Kolagen merupakan komponen struktural utama dari jaringan ikat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan komposisi kimia, struktur jaringan gelembung renang ikan patin, proses ekstraksi, serta hidrolisis kolagen gelembung renang ikan patin dengan waktu sonikasi berbeda (0, 10, 15, dan 20 menit). Gelembung renang tersusun atas serat-serat yang menggelombang, memiliki percabangan serta memiliki ruang antar serat. Perlakuan terbaik dari kolagen gelembung renang ikan patin ditentukan berdasarkan analisis ANOVA dan uji lanjut Duncan. Kualitas hidrolisat kolagen terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan waktu sonikasi 15 menit. Kolagen memperoleh rantai a_(1,) a_(2,) dan ß. Hidrolisat kolagen memiliki gugus fungsi dengan puncak serapan amida A, amida B, amida I, amida II, dan amida III, nilai pH 6,67±0,15, nilai viskositas 4,00±1,92, serta memperoleh aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 44,09±0,48., The swim bladder is fishery by-product whose main components are collagen protein. Collagen is the main structural component of connective tissue. This research aims to determine the chemical composition, structure of catfish swim bladder tissue, extraction process, and collagen hydrolysis of catfish swim bladder with different sonication times (0, 10, 15, and 20 minutes). Swim bladder is composed of wavy fibers, have branches and have spaces between fibers. The best treatment of catfish swim bladder collagen was determined based on ANOVA analysis and Duncan's further test. The best quality of collagen hydrolysate was obtained from a sonication treatment time of 15 minutes. Collagen obtained a_(1,) a_(2,) and ß chains. Collagen hydrolysate had functional groups with peak absorption of amide A, amide B, amide I, amide II, and amide III, pH value of 6,67±0,15, viscosity value of 4,00±1,92, and antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 44,09±0,48.
Keyword: antioxidant, hydrolysis, moleculer weight, tissue structure, ultrasound

Judul: Characteristics of Catfish (Pangasius sp.) Skin  Collagen from Ultrasonic Extraction
Abstrak: Kolagen umumnya bersumber dari hewan mamalia yang dikhawatirkan terkait kehalalan dan wabah penyakit yang ditimbulkan. Kulit ikan patin dapat menjadi salah satu solusi sumber bahan baku alternatif kolagen. Metode ekstraksi secara fisik dapat dilakukan dengan bantuan ultrasonik. Penelitian terkait ekstraksi kolagen dari kulit ikan patin dengan bantuan ultrasonik belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkarakterisasi kolagen kulit ikan patin yang dihasilkan menggunakan metode ultrasonikasi dengan variasi waktu berbeda (0 menit, 60 menit, 90 menit, dan 120 menit). Waktu terbaik ultrasonikasi yaitu selama 120 menit menghasilkan rendemen sebanyak 12,3%. Karakteristik fisik kolagen meliputi suhu pelelehan 97,01℃. Karakteristik kimia kolagen meliputi kadar air 9,85%, nilai pH 6,7, hasil FTIR menunjukkan terdeteksinya gugus amida A, amida B, amida I, amida II, dan amida III yang merupakan gugus khas kolagen, dan bobot molekul kolagen dengan lama ultrasonik 120 menit yaitu 155,234 kDa (α1), 97,517 kDa (α2), dan 237,548 kDa (β).
Keyword: collagen, fish skin, thermal stability, tissue structure, ultrasonic time

Judul: Eksplorasi Masalah Logaritma Diskret pada Finite Field G P(2m)
Abstrak: Discrete logarithm problem represents a problem which is defined as modular arithmetic. It is often used to generate a key pair on public key cryptography as security object. Given cyclic group G of order n, αgenerator of G, and β∈􀜩, then, in general, discrete logarithm problem is determined as the integer 􀝔, 0≤􀝔≤􀝊−1, such that α􀯫≡β(mod 􀝊). In Menezes et al. (1997) the algorithm to solve the discrete logarithm problem in common cyclic group G are Exhaustive Search algorithm, Baby-Step Giant-Step, Pollard's rho, Pohlig Hellman and Index Calculus. Furthermore, these algorithms are explored to determine the solution of discrete logarithm problem on 􀜩􀜨(2􀯠). The reconstructed algorithms are implemented using Maple 11 software. These implementation can be used to measure security level of cryptography algorithm, which is based on security aspects of discrete logarithm problem
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