Judul: Diversity and visiting behaviour of insect pollinators in relation to seed set of mustrad (Brassica rapa L. : Brassicaceae)
Abstrak: Insect are known to be pollinators of many species of plants. Cross pollination by insect is esential for maintenance of genetic diversity of plants. Here, we studied the diversity and visiting behaviour of insect pollinators and its effect to sed set of mustard planted in agricultural areas near the Gunung Halimun-Salak National Park, West Java.
Keyword: pollination ecology, social bees, solitary bees, West Java

Judul: Diversity and Abundance of Insect Pollinators in Different Land Use Types in Jambi, Sumatra
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the tropical countries with high biodiversity. Recently, the biodiversity of plants and animals is declining due to forest converting to settlements, mines, agricultures, and plantations. In Central Sumatra including Jambi, annual deforestation rate reaches 3.2%-5.9%. Converting natural landscapes to agricultural land affects insects biodiversity, including insect pollinators. The research aimed to study diversity and abundance of insect pollinators in different land use types, i.e. oil palm plantation, rubber plantation, and jungle-rubber in Jambi, Sumatra. Observation and collection of insect pollinators were conducted from November until December 2012 at Bejubang, Batanghari regency, Jambi province. Insect observations were conducted in understory plants at three land use types, i.e. oil palm plantation, rubber plantation, and jungle-rubber. Scan sampling method was employed to explore the diversity and abundance of insect pollinators at 08.00-10.00 and 14.00-16.00 in sunny days. This study consist of found 1308 individuals of insect pollinators, belonging to 54 species,7 families, and 3 orders (Hymenoptera, Diptera, and Lepidoptera). Number of species and individual of insect pollinators found in oil palm plantation (43 species, 561 individuals) and rubber plantation (40 species, 650 individuals) were higher than jungle-rubber (7 species, 97 individiuals). Giant honey bee (Apis dorsata) and stingless bee (Trigona sp. (=aff. T. planifrons)) were abundant in oil palm plantation, while stingless bee (T. laeviceps) and small carpenter bee (Ceratina lieftincki) were abundant in rubber plantation. Whereas, hoverfly (Syrphidae sp5) was abundant in the jungle-rubber. The abundance and species richness of insect pollinators in the morning were higher than in the afternoon. Diversity and evenness of insect pollinators in oil palm and rubber plantations were higher than jungle-rubber. The abundant of flower of understory plants in oil palm and rubber plantations indicated insect pollinators forage in those locations. Meanwhile, jungle-rubber and rubber plantations were prefered by insect pollinators for nest building, because there were many large trees, branches, and broken twigs. The insect pollinators community in oil palm plantation and rubber plantation were more similar than in oil palm plantation and jungle-rubber, or in rubber plantation and jungle-rubber.
Keyword: Apidae, Halictidae, insect pollinators, Megachilidae, Syrphidae

Judul: Perubahan Fase Padat pada Pembentukan Hidroksiapatit Akibat Suhu
Abstrak: Hidroksipatit [HAp, Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2] adalah salah satu bahan biomaterial yang dapat digunakan untuk implan tulang buatan karena memiliki komposisi yang sama dengan tulang manusia, bersifat bioaktif dan biokompatibilitas yang baik. HAp sintesis dengan menggunakan metode kering dan metode kering modifikasi sonikasi dari reaksi antara serbuk CaO hasil pemanasan cangkang kerang darah 1200 ºC selama 2.5 jam dan diamonium hidrogen fosfat (NH4)2HPO4 sebagai sumber fosfat. Difraktogram sampel menggunakan metode kering selama 2.5 jam pada suhu 400 ºC menghasilkan fase HAp, β-TCP, AKA, OKF, Ca(OH)2, dan CaO, pada suhu 600 dan 800 ºC terbentuk fase HAp, β-TCP, AKA, OKF, dan CaO, pada suhu 1000, 1200, dan 1250 ºC (serbuk dan pelet) terbentuk fase HAp dan β-TCP. Difraktogram sampel bersumber CaO cangkang kerang darah dan CaO komersial terbentuk fase HAp, β-TCP dan AKA. Metode kering-sonikasi (pelet) pada suhu 400 1250 serta 1250 ºC (serbuk) selama 3 jam menghasilkan fase HAp, β-TCP. Pada sampel 1250 ºC (serbuk) metode kering-sonikasi menunjukkan puncak tertinggi 2θ adalah hidroksiapatit dengan nilai 2θ 31,835º dan 32,918º, dan memperlihatkan morfologi permukaan yang lebih halus dan homogen berdasarkan mikroskopi payaran elektron.
Keyword: Cangkang kerang darah, Hidroksiapatit, Suhu