Judul: Komposisi Susu Segar dari Sapi Perah Penderita Mastitis Subklinis di Peternakan KUNAK Kabupaten Bogor.
Abstrak: Komposisi susu terdiri dari air, lemak, dan bahan kering tanpa lemak. Komposisi dan kualitas susu segar dapat mengalami penurunan salah satu penyebabnya adalah radang ambing atau mastitis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengukur komposisi dan kualitas susu segar dari sapi perah penderita mastitis subklinis dengan tingkat/derajat keparahan yang berbeda. Sampel susu diambil dari 18 ekor sapi yang positif terkena mastitis subklinis berdasarkan uji IPB-1 mastitis dan keadaannya sehat secara klinis. Pengujian laboratorium dilakukan dengan menghitung jumlah sel somatis (JSS), pengukuran berat jenis (BJ), kadar lemak (KL), kadar protein (KP), bahan kering (BK), dan bahan kering tanpa lemak (BKTL) serta dilakukan pengujian potential of Hydrogen (pH). Data komposisi dan kualitas susu segar yang diperoleh diolah secara deskriptif kemudian dibandingkan dengan SNI No. 01.3141:2011 tentang Susu Segar, selanjutnya dilakukan uji T (Independet sample T-Test) untuk melihat perbedaan nyata (p<0.05) derajat keparahan mastitis subklinis. Komposisi susu dari seluruh sampel yang diperiksa memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dari standar minimum SNI, sedangkan pH dari seluruh sampel yang diperiksa memiliki nilai yang lebih rendah dari standar minimum SNI. Sapi perah penderita mastitis subklinis dengan tingkat kejadian parah secara umum menghasilkan susu segar dengan komposisi susu yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan tingkat kejadian mastitis subklinis yang ringan dan berada di bawah standar minimum dari SNI.
Keyword: komposisi susu, mastitis subklinis, SNI, susu segar, tingkat keparahan mastitis subklinis

Judul: Identifikasi Bakteri Berdasarkan Pewarnaan Gram Penyebab Mastitis Subklinis pada Sapi Perah di Kawasan Peternakan Bogor
Abstrak: Salah satu penyebab penurunan produksi susu sapi perah di Indonesia adalah mastitis subklinis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi bakteri penyebab mastitis subklinis pada sapi perah berdasarkan pewarnaan Gram di kawasan peternakan Bogor. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan di Cibungbulang, Kebon Pedes, Tajur Halang, dan Tapos. Identifikasi bakteri penyebab mastitis subklinis dilakukan berdasarkan pewarnaan Gram dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Sebanyak 188 sampel susu yang diperoleh, didapatkan 127 sampel dinyatakan terindikasi berasal dari sapi yang menderita mastitis subklinis berdasarkan uji mastitis IPB-1. Melalui kultur bakteri dari sampel susu, diperoleh 149 isolat murni bakteri yang terdiri dari 121 isolat bakteri Gram positif dan 28 isolat bakteri Gram negatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri Gram positif merupakan penyebab utama mastitis subklinis pada peternakan sapi perah di wilayah Bogor.
Keyword: Gram positif, Gram negatif, mastitis subklinis, susu

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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