Judul: Efek Fotovoltaik Lapisan Tipis CdS (Cadmium Sulfide) Pada Sistem Sel Surya Fotoelektrokimia
Abstrak: Karakterisasi XRD dilaknkan unluk mengetahui struktur kristal yang muncul pada sampellapisan tipis yang dideposisi. Dari hasil XRD diperoleh bahwa lapisan tipis CdS berhasil dideposisi pada substrat TCO (Sn02) dengan smktm hexagonal. hal tersebut diperlihatkan dengan adanya puncak-puncak CdS yang terdeteksi antara lain: Sampel A2 berada pada 20 = 27.045 (002); 37.887 (102) dan 43.253 (110) dengan masing-masing d = 3.2942; 2.3727 dan 2.0899. Sampel CI berada pada 28 = 26.557 (002); 37.832 (102) dan 43.795 (110) dengan masing-masing d = 3.3536; 2.3760 dan 2.0653. Sampel C2 berada pada 28 = 26.611 (002); 37.887 (102) dan 43.850 (110) dengan masing-masing d = 3.3469; 2.3727 dan 2.0629. Puncak -puncak CdS yang dihasilkan memperlihatkan bahwa lapisan tipis yang dihasilkan CdS polikristalin.
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Judul: Pembuatan Sel Surya Hybrid p-n Heterojunction Cadmium Sulfide dan Campuran Poly(3-Hexylthiophene)/Kitosan
Abstrak: Dalam penelitian ini disebut sel surya persambungan organik-anorganik hybrid menggunakan lapisan Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) sebagai lapisan anorganik dan lapisan Poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) sebagai lapisan organik. Struktur sel surya yang dibuat terdiri dari susunan lapisan ITO/CdS/P3HT-Kitosan. Lapisan CdS ditumbuhkan dipermukaan substrat kaca indium tin oxide (ITO) dengan metode chemical bath deposition (CBD) di ikuti lapisan polimer di atas lapisan CdS. Polimer yang digunakan merupakan campuran antara P3HT yang merupakan polimer konduktif dengan kitosan. Penambahan kitosan diharapkan dapat menambah pembawa muatan mayoritas P3HT yaitu muatan positif. Masing-masing lapisan dikarakterisasi sebelum dibuat sel surya. Hasil karakterisasi optik dan XRD menunjukkan bahwa CdS telah terbentuk di permukaan kaca berlapis ITO pada celah energi sebesar 2,42 eV dan 2,39 eV untuk masing-masing sampel tanpa pemanasan dan dengan pemanasan pada suhu 200o C . Dapat dilihat bahwa pengaruh suhu annealing mengakibatkan celah energi menjadi lebih kecil dan kristalinitas bahan semakin meningkat. Berdasarkan kurva arus-tegangan (I-V), diperoleh bahwa kemampuan mengkonversi energi matahari sampel CdS pada suhu 200o C lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sampel CdS tanpa pemanasan (no annealing).
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates