Judul: Application of the Two Step Cluster Method to Identify the Characteristics of Football Games in Asian Countries
Abstrak: Sepak bola termasuk salah satu cabang olahraga yang sangat populer. Tujuan permainan sepak bola adalah memasukkan bola sebanyak-banyaknya ke gawang lawan. Dalam permainan sepak bola, untuk mencapai sebuah kemenangan diperlukan formasi dan taktik yang tepat dengan berbagai pertimbangan salah satunya melihat karakteristik permainan tim lawan. Tim Nasional sepak bola Indonesia perlu mengetahui karakteristik permainan negara-negara di Asia sebagai gambaran atau acuan untuk menentukan taktik agar bisa bersaing di Piala Asia AFC. Berdasarkan data hasil pertandingan Piala Asia AFC 2019, karakteristik permainan sepak bola negara-negara di Asia bisa diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan analisis gerombol. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan untuk melakukan analisis gerombol pada data campuran yaitu metode Two Step Cluster. Penelitian ini menerapkan metode Two Step Cluster untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik negaranegara di Asia berdasarkan data Piala Asia AFC 2019. Analisis Two Step Cluster ini menghasilkan 3 gerombol dengan koefisien Silhouette sebesar 0,3. Masingmasing gerombol memiliki anggota yang berbeda dan memiliki karakteristik tersendiri. Gerombol 1 beranggotakan 5 Tim Nasional dengan mayoritas menggunakan formasi 4-2-3-1. Gerombol ini memiliki karakteristik yang lebih baik dibandingkan gerombol lainnya terutama pada aspek menyerang. Gerombol 2 beranggotakan 11 Tim Nasional dengan mayoritas menggunakan formasi 4-3-3. Gerombol ini memiliki karakteristik yang cukup baik dalam menyerang maupun bertahan. Gerombol 3 beranggotakan 8 Tim Nasional dengan mayoritas menggunakan formasi 5-4-1. Gerombol ini memiliki karakteristik yang kurang baik dalam menyerang dan memiliki rata-rata kemasukan yang tinggi per sekali main., Football is one of the most popular sports. The game of football aims to put as many balls into the opponent’s goal. In the game of football, achieving a victory requires the right formation and tactics with various considerations, one of which is looking at the characteristic of the opposing team’s game. The Indonesian National Football Team needs to know the characteristic of the games of Asian countries as an illustration or reference for determining tactics so they can compete in the AFC Asian Cup. Based on the results of the 2019 AFC Asian Cup match data, the characteristics of Asian countries football games can be identified using cluster analysis. One method that can be used to perform cluster analysis on mixed data is the Two Step Cluster method. This research applied the Two Step Cluster method to identify the characteristics of countries in Asia based on the 2019 AFC Asian Cup data. This Two Step Cluster analysis produces 3 clusters with a Silhouette coefficient of 0,3. Each group has different members and has its characteristics. Cluster 1 consists of 5 National Teams, with the majority using 4-2-3-1 formation. This cluster has better characteristics than other clusters, especially in attack characteristics. Cluster 2 consists of 11 National Teams, with the majority using 4- 3-3 formation. This cluster has quite good characteristics in both attack and defense. Cluster 3 consists of 8 National Teams, with the majority using 5-4-1 formation. This cluster has poor attack characteristics and a high average number of goals conceded per game.
Keyword: AFC Asian Cup, Football, Two Step Cluster

Judul: Indonesian Basketball League 2022 Players Clustering Using K-Means and K-Medoid with t-SNE Dimensionality Reduction
Abstrak: Basket modern telah berkembang menjadi olahraga “position-less”. Posisi dan peran pemain tidak lagi ditentukan berdasarkan kriteria antropometri, melainkan karakteristik dan skill set yang dibuktikan oleh catatan statistik di lapangan. Perbedaan karakteristik dan skill set dapat diketahui dengan menggerombolkan pemain berdasarkan antropometri dan statistik pertandingan. Analisis gerombol tradisional, cenderung menghasilkan hasil kurang optimal jika diterapkan langsung pada data berdimensi tinggi karena adanya “curse of dimensionality”. Permasalahan tersebut dapat diatasi dengan reduksi dimensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggerombolkan pemain Indonesian Basketball League (IBL) 2022, berdasarkan antropometri dan statistik pertandingan menggunakan k-means dan k-medoid dengan reduksi dimensi t-SNE, serta menentukan metode penggerombolan terbaik. Metode penggerombolan terbaik ditentukan berdasarkan parameter optimal yang dievaluasi menggunakan koefisien Silhouette dan indeks S_Dbw. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi, metode k-medoid pada t-SNE perplexity = 2 menghasilkan nilai evaluasi optimal, namun kedua hasil evaluasi menghasilkan banyak gerombol (k) optimal berbeda. Berdasarkan Silhouette, k-medoid pada t-SNE perplexity = 2 optimal pada k = 9, sedangkan berdasarkan indeks S_Dbw, k-medoid pada t-SNE perplexity = 2 optimal pada k = 10. Penentuan gerombol terbaik dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan radar chart dan Chernoff faces guna melihat perbedaan hasil optimal. Hasil penggerombolan terbaik yang diperoleh adalah k-medoid pada t-SNE perplexity = 2 dengan 10 gerombol optimal., Modern basketball has evolved into a “position-less” sport. Player positions and roles are no longer determined by anthropometric criteria, but rather based on their characteristics and skill sets, as indicated by statistical field performance. Grouping players based on anthropometry and match statistics allows for the identification of differences in their characteristics and skill sets. Traditional cluster analysis tends to produce less-optimal results when applied directly to high dimensional data because of the "curse of dimensionality". This issue can be addressed through dimensionality reduction techniques. This study aims to cluster Indonesian Basketball League (IBL) 2022 players, based on anthropometry and match statistics using k-means and k-medoid with t-SNE dimensionality reduction, and determine the best clustering method. The best clustering method is determined by evaluating the optimal parameters using Silhouette coefficient and S_Dbw index. Based on the evaluation results, the k-medoid with t-SNE perplexity = 2 yields optimal evaluation values, however the two evaluations indicate different optimal cluster sizes (k). Based on the Silhouette coefficient, k-medoid at t-SNE perplexity = 2 is optimal at k = 9, while based on the S_Dbw index, k-medoid at t-SNE perplexity = 2 is optimal at k = 10. To compare the optimal results, the determination of the best cluster is further explored using radar charts and the Chernoff faces. The best clustering results were obtained using the k-medoid with t-SNE perplexity = 2 and k = 10.
Keyword: chernoff faces, IBL 2022 match statistics, k-means, k-medoid, t-SNE

Judul: Optimasi sintesis monolaurin menggunakan katalis enzim lipase imobil pada circulated packed bed reaktor
Abstrak: Monolaurin is a special food grade monogliceride, which has a function beside as emulsifier and food preservative, also has an ability to destroy Herpes and HIV-1 virus. It was reported that monolaurin had the greatest antimicrobial activity among monoglycerides. Novozyme® 435 catalyze the esterification of lauric acid and glycerol in organic solvent. The purpose of this research were : 1) to obtain optimum condition to synthesis monolaurin using Novozyme® 435; 2) to analyze the stability of Novozyme® Continuous circulated packed bed reactor had residence time of 23,57 minute, glycerol/ oil molar ratio of 5:1, solvent/substrate ratio of 8,8:1, and the process produced MAG up to 80%. Optimization of synthesis MAG obtained quadratic equation which was Y= - 61,700 + 6,088 x 435 in continuous system. Continuous Esterification was employed in circulated packed bed reactor. This research was using Response Surface Methods (RSM) as experimental design and temperature and time reaction were as variables. 1+3,259 x2 – 0,065 x12 + 0,017 x1x2 – 1,792 x22 with R2 = 0,5408, optimum temperature and time reaction of 46,92oC and 1,1 hour, respectively. The product yield was 81,09% and contained MAG of 83,15%. The product had acid value of 1,78±0,08 %, peroxide value of 0,49 ± 0,14 meq O2/kg MAG, free glycerol content of 0,26%, and melting point 53-53,5o C. The enzyme remain stable during 10 reaction cycles and up to 70% produced of MAG at each cycle
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