Judul: Merino Sheep Resting Behavior Response to Different Airflow  Velocity
Abstrak: Domba merupakan salah satu hewan yang potensinya terus dikembangkan di Indonesia. Salah satu domba yang dikembangkan di Indonesia adalah domba merino, domba dwiguna yang dimanfaatkan daging dan wolnya. Akan tetapi, kenyamanan ternak seringkali terkendala oleh faktor lingkungan seperti suhu, kelembapan, dan kecepatan angin yang dapat menyebabkan cekaman panas dan perubahan tingkah laku pada ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji pengaruh kecepatan aliran udara terhadap respon tingkah laku istirahat domba merino guna memperbaiki manajemen lingkungan mikro pada kandang. penelitian dilakukan selama 30 hari (15 hari tanpa pemberian kipas angin (V0) dan 15 hari dengan pemberian kipas angin (V1)), menggunakan 6 ekor domba merino. Suhu dan kelembapan diukur setiap 1 jam menggunakan thermohygrometer digital mulai pukul 10.00-15.00 WIB setiap harinya. Kecepatan angin diukur dengan anemometer, sedangkan durasi dan frekuensi istirahat diamati menggunakan CCTV. Resiko heat stress yang dialami ternak diukur menggunakan rumus temperature humidity index (THI) untuk mengetahui klasifikasi heat stress pada ternak. Perhitungan perbandingan rata-rata tingkah laku istirahat domba digunakan rumus uji-t dengan bantuan software SPSS dan microsoft excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pemberian kipas efektif menurunkan suhu lingkungan dan THI pada ternak. Selain itu, penggunaan kipas dapat meningkatkan durasi istirahhat pada ternak (P<0,01)., Sheep is one of the potential animal that keep to be developed in Indonesia. One of the bred sheep in is used for its meat and wool. However, livestock's comfort is often constrained by environmental factors such as temperature, humidity, and wind velocity which cause livestock's heat stress and behavioral changes. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of air flow velocity on the response of merino sheep's resting behavior in order to improve micro environment management in the cage. The study was conducted in 30 days (15 days without a fan (V0) and 15 days with a fan (V1)), using 6 merino sheep. Temperature and humidity were measured every 1 hour using a digital thermohygrometer starting at 10.00-15.00 WIB every day. Wind speed was measured by anemometer, while the duration and frequency of rest were observed using CCTV. The risk of animal's heat stress is measured using the temperature-humidity index (THI) formula to determine the classification of livestock's heat stress. Calculation the average comparison of sheep resting behavior used the t-test formula and support by SPSS software and Microsoft Excel. The results showed that giving a fan is effectively reducing environmental temperature and THI in livestock.In addition, the use of fan increase the duration (P<0,01) and decrease the rest frequency in livestock
Keyword: domba, kecepatan aliran udara, merino, suhu, tingkah laku istirahat, air flow speed, merino, sheep, rest behavior, temperature

Judul: The Effect of Airflow Velocity on Batur Sheep Behavior
Abstrak: Salah satu jenis domba di Indonesia yaitu domba batur dengan sebaran asli geografis di Kecamatan Batur, Kabupaten Banjarnegara, Jawa Tengah. Faktor lingkungan seperti kecepatan angin dapat mempengaruhi perilaku dan kenyamanan domba batur yang habitat aslinya berada di dataran tinggi dengan suhu rendah. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi heat stress adalah dengan memberikan aliran udara atau angin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh kecepatan aliran udara terhadap perilaku domba batur untuk tujuan pengelolaan lingkungan mikro kandang. Penelitian dilakukan pada 6 ekor domba selama 15 hari tanpa peningkatan kecepatan aliran udara (V0) dan 15 hari berikutnya dengan peningkatan kecepatan aliran udara (V1) dengan menggunakan kipas angin. Kecepatan aliran udara diukur menggunakan anemometer digital. Besarnya konsumsi pakan diperoleh dengan menghitung sisa pakan yang diberikan pada setiap pemberian pakan. Pengukuran durasi istirahat dan frekuensi istirahat dilakukan pada pukul 10.30–15.30 WIB. Suhu dan kelembaban kandang diukur setiap 30 menit menggunakan thermohygrometer digital. Pengujian pembandingan data rata-rata dilakukan dengan uji-t melalui bantuan perangkat lunak SPSS. Pemberian kipas angin pada kandang berhasil meningkatkan kecepatan aliran udara dalam kandang sehingga suhu dalam kandang menurun. Pemberian kipas angin juga berdampak pada peningkatan durasi istirahat, penurunan frekuensi istirahat, dan penurunan persentase konsumsi pakan., One type of Indonesian sheep is batur sheep with geographic native distribution in Batur District, Banjarnegara Regency, Central Java. Environmental factors such as wind speed can affect the behavior and comfort of batur sheep whose natural habitat is on the highlands with low temperatures. One of the efforts to reduce heat stress is by providing air or wind flow. This research aims to determine the effect of airflow velocity on the behavior of batur sheep for the purpose of pen micro environmental management. The research conducted on 6 sheep for 15 days without an increased airflow velocity (V0) and 15 days with an increased airflow velocity (V1) by a fan. The airflow velocity was measured using digital anemometer. The amount of feed consumption was obtained by calculating the remaining feed given at each feeding. The measurement of resting duration and resting frequency conducted at 10.30–15.30 WIB. The temperature and humidity of the sheepfold were measured every 30 minutes using digital thermohygrometer. Provision of a fan in the cage succeeded in increasing the speed of air flow in the cage so that the temperature in the cage decreased. Giving a fan also has an impact on increasing the duration of rest, decreasing the frequency of rest, and decreasing the percentage of feed consumption.
Keyword: airflow velocity, batur sheep, behavior, heat stress, temperature

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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