Judul: Pembuatan Reh (Camellia sinensis L.) Effervescent sebagai Alternatif Diversifikasi Produk Teh
Abstrak: Teh merupakan salah satu bahan mmuman penyegar, berasal dari PllCllk tanaman teh (Camellia sinensis, L) melalui proses pengolahan tertentu. Selama ini teh konsumsi lokal disajikan dalam bentuk teh kering kemasan, air teh dalam kemasan dan teh instan. Teh effervescent merupakan pengembangan produk bani yang diduga mampu memenuhi keinginan konsumen untuk menyajikan teh secara praktis, mudah dan cepat, karena untuk menyajikannya cukup melarutkan dalam air baik dingin maupun panas tanpa harus mengaduknya, tidak perlu ditambah gula dan tidak menghasilkan limbah.
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Judul: Pembuatan sirup teh beraroma buah sebagai upaya diversifikasi produk teh
Abstrak: Teh sudah lama dikenal dan dikonsumsi sebagai salah satu bahan minuman. Saat ini sudah banyak beredar bermacam-macam produk teh yang disajikan dalam berbagai bentuk seperti teh kering dalam kemasan (teh celup), teh instan, air teh dalam kemasan yang dibuat dengan dan tanpa penambahan aroma dan rasa buah. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman dan untuk memenuhi keinginan konsumen, perlu dilakukan upaya diversifikasi produk minuman teh. Salah satu alternatif diversifikasi produk teh adalah pembuatan produk baru berupa sirup teh beraroma buah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kelayakan bahan baku teh, menentukan perbandingan bubuk teh dan air untuk ekstraksi, menentukan jenis gula yang akan ditambahkan dan menentukan komposisi seduhan teh beraroma buah untuk satu kali penyajian (200 ml air) yang diperkirakan dapat diterima konsumen. Pada penelitian utama dipelajari proses pembuatan sirup teh beraroma buah dan dilakukan pengamatan terhadap karakteristik produk yang dihasilkan. Selain itu juga dilihat pengaruh perbedaan jenis flavor dan mutu teh yang digunakan terhadap kesukaan warna, aroma dan rasa seduhan serta warna, aroma dan penampakan sirup yang dihasilkan...
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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