Judul: Toksisitas Akut dan Subkronis Ekstrak Air dan Metanol Kerang Lamis (Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus) secara In Vivo pada Tikus Sprague Dawley
Abstrak: Lamis clam (Meretrix meretrix Linnaeus) is one of the sea shells that have been utilized by the community. The shells are traditionally believed by peoples of Cirebon can increase stamina, lower blood pressure and can treat jaundice. Results of several studies demonstrated that these shells have various activities such as antioxidant, antitumor, hypolipidemic, antineoplastic, modulatory immune activity as well as antihyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemia. A wide range of research on the benefits of lamis clams has been done, but the pharmacological effects of the clam extracts have been less explored. Thus, the need to test the toxicity of the clam is very important. Toxicity tests studied in this research covered acute and sub chronic toxicities performed in vivo in rats. Parameters observed in this study were physical observation, presence or absence of rat deaths due to M. meretrix extract as well as the presence or absence of symptoms of liver and kidney damages. It is also useful in the development of research knowledge about the pharmacological effects of M. meretrix and also expected to be able to provide added value for M. meretrix utilization. The purpose of the study was to characterize the mussel (yield, proximate and heavy metals analyzes as well as qualitative tests of bioactive components contained in M. meretrix), to determine the acute and sub chronic toxicities of water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix in vivo on Sprague Dawley rats. The research was carried out in 3 stages. Phase 1 was the characterization of M. meretrix included: yield measurement, proximate analysis (AOAC 2005), analysis of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Hg and Cu (APHA 1989) and analysis of bioactive components (Harborne 1984). Phase 2 was acute toxicity test (OECD Test Guideline 403:2009). The parameters observed at this stage included: growth and feed intake of rats, observations of physical parameters, histopathology of rats liver and kidney as well as observation of the color changes in the organs of rats. Phase 3 was the final stage, namely the sub chronic toxicity test (OECD Test Guideline 413:2009). Parameters observed in this study included: growth and feed intake of rats, physical parameters (weight of kidney and liver) and blood serum chemistry parameters (urea, bilirubin, creatinine, albumin and cholesterol). Meretrix meretrix consisted of 11.09 % meat and 69.85 % shell. Based on the results of the proximate analysis yielded moisture content of 79.99 %, 1.50 % of ash, 0.22 % of fat, 9.42 % of protein and 8.81 % of carbohydrate. Analysis of heavy metals showed lamis clams meat containing Pb 0.0013 ppm, Cd 0.0088 ppm, Hg 0.0045 and Cu 0.0008 ppm. M. meretrix also contained various components of bioactive compounds. Three types of bioactive compounds were detected in the water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix which were alkaloids, steroids and saponins. Acute toxicity test of water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix was done by giving both extracts to rats with doses of 2, 4, 6 and 15 g/kg of body weight. Based on growth and physical observations on the rats for 14 days, the water and methanol extracts of M. meretrix had
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Judul: Pengaruh Lama Perebusan terhadap Kandungan Gizi dan Komponen Bioaktif Keong Matah merah (Cerithidea obtusa)
Abstrak: Indonesia has a great potential with marine life, matah merah snail is one from many marine life is used to consume. People generally serve matah merah snail using boiling manner. This study aims to determine the effect boiling time on nutrition and bioactive components of matah merah snail. The design of the research is completely randomized design (CRD) with 1 factor and 4 levels, there was fresh (M0), boiling (M1), boil + 10 minutes (M2), boil + 20 minutes (M3) with 2 replications. The test that conducted was proximate test, phytochemical test and BSLT test . Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, if the analysis of variance significant effect on the level of 5%, then the test is continued by real difference test. Based on the results of the statistical analysis of variance factor treatment were not significant effect on moisture, ash and fat. The significant results of statistical analysis on the protein content gained followed by Duncan test, the results are treatment M0 is significantly different to the treatment M1, M2, and M3. Phytochemical test results, the M0 metanol extract compounds contains ninhydrin, flavonoids, alkaloids, tanins and terpenes. Compounds that Contained on M1 and M2 are ninhydrin, flavonoids, alkaloids, tanins and terpenes, while the M3 contains flavonoids, ninhydrin, alkaloids and terpenes. The M0 ethyl acetate extract containing flavonoids and ninhydrin, alkaloids and terpenes weak. M1 contains ninhydrin, polyphenols and terpenes, whereas in M2 and M3 contains ninhydrin, alkaloids and terpenes. Hexan extract M0 contains flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, while the M1, M2 and M3 contains terpenes and saponins. LC50 values in the M0, M1, M2, and M3 metanol extract are 15.58; 22.54; 25.68; 39.8 ppm. Ethyl acetate extract M0, M1, M2, and M3 LC50 values at 40.08; 364.58; 146.12; 130.27 ppm. N-hexane extract M0, M1, M2, and M3 have LC50 values of 1100.43; 352.5; 90.49; 14.95 ppm.
Keyword: bioactive compounds, gastropods, matah merah snails, nutrition

Judul: Alternatif kebijakan peningkatan pendidikan guru sekolah dasar di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Pendidikan guru SD di era otonomi sedang mengalami perubahan yang besar, karena munculnya UU Guru dan Dosen yang menghendaki seluruh guru memiliki pendidikan minimal S1. Perubahan yang sangat besar ini ditanggapi oleh pemerintah daerah dengan berbeda-beda, sesuai dengan kondisi daerah tersebut yang juga berbeda. Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor menanggapi munculnya UU Guru dan Dosen yang mengharuskan pendidikan minimal guru adalah S1 dengan berbeda pula, hal ini disebabkan oleh keadaan wilayah, ekonomi dan sosial, serta politik yang berbeda. Kota Bogor memiliki 6 Kecamatan dan 68 Kelurahan. Pemerintah Kota Bogor sudah sejak tahun 1996 memperhatikan pendidikan guru SD, dengan memberi bea siswa meskipun tidak besar jumlahnya. Namun demikian banyak juga guru-guru yang membiayai pendidikan mereka secara swadana. Keadaan APBD dan besarnya jumlah guru yang belum S1 (2.810 orang) tidak memungkinkan pemerintah Kota Bogor untuk memberi bea siswa untuk seluruh guru yang ada. Alasan lain adalah prioritas pembangunan pendidikan di Kota Bogor belum mengutamakan peningkatan pendidikan guru SD, namun masih terfokus pada penuntasan wajib belajar pendidikan dasar (wajar dikdas) dan pelaksanaan sekolah dasar gratis. Kabupaten Bogor memiliki kondisi wilayah yang sangat berbeda dengan Kota Bogor, selain wilayahnya 28 kali lebih besar dari Kota Bogor, terdapat 40 Kecamatan dan 426 Desa/Kelurahan, Kabupaten Bogor memiliki PAD yang terbesar di Jawa Barat. Jumlah guru yang belum S1 di Kabupaten Bogor juga sangat banyak (9.488 orang) atau setara dengan 82,58 persen. Sejak dari sebelum otonomi daerah, sampai tahun 2006 Kabupaten Bogor hampir tidak pernah memberikan bea siswa kepada guru yang ada diwilayahnya untuk meningkatkan pendidikannya sesuai dengan peraturan dan perundangan yang berlaku. Bantuan dalam jumlah cukup banyak (1.060 orang guru) diberikan pada tahun 2007, untuk meningkatkan pendidikannya menjadi S1, meskipun guru yang meningkatkan pendidikannya secara mandiri cukup banyak. Prioritas pembangunan pendidikan Kabupaten Bogor selain mengentaskan Wajar Dikdas, adalah perbaikan sarana dan infrastruktur sekolah yang banyak mengalami kerusakan parah dan meningkatkan nilai IPM.
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