Judul: Profil Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antikalkuli Ekstrak Air Daun Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus) secara In Vitro dan In Vivo
Abstrak: Catharanthus roseus leaves have been traditionally used for kidney stone’s treatment, but scientifically study about it hasnot been done. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical component and examine the anticalculi activity aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseus in vitro and in vivo. Phytochemical analysis is conducted qualitatively. In vitro anticalculi activity carried out to observe the decay of calcium oxalate in various concentration of extract. In vivo testing using aqueous extract with dose 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg in induced Sprague dawley rats by ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 1% ad libitum for 10 days. Phytochemical components contained in aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseus include of alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids. Aqueous extract with 5% concentration has the highest ability to decay calcium oxalate that is equal to 262.13 ± 12.36 ppm. Aqueous extract could increase body weight and decrease serum creatinine along with the rat kidney’s calcium, but it couldn’t reduce the number of renal crystal deposition. This indicates that aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseu leaves don’t have anticalculi activity.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), anticalculi, kidney stones, aqueous extract, Catharanthus roseus

Judul: Aktivitas Antikalkuli Ekstrak Etanol Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus) Secara In Vitro dan In Vivo pada Tikus dengan Induksi Etilen Glikol
Abstrak: Catharanthus roseus leaf is empirically utilized plant to treat the kidney stone. Otherwise, this thing hasn’t been proved scientifically. The aim of this research is to test the 96% ethanolic extract of leaf in vitro at calcium oxalate crystal and in vivo at Sprague dawley rat which induced with ethylene glycol 0.75%. The phytochemical screening and decay of calcium oxalate was performed during in vitro assay than the creatinine and calcium oxalate in vivo content was measured. The water content value of symplisia as 3.83% and extract rendement as 32.129%. The analysis result of phytochemical extract contains flavonoid, alkaloid, saponin, tanin and triterpenoid. The in vitro anticalculi activity showed ability of calcium oxalate crystal aggregation inhibition. The in vivo anticalculi activity indicates recovery of renal function and reduce amount of deposited kidney crystal. The extract with dose 100 mg/kg body weight and 300 mg/kg body weight wasn’t significally different at (p<0.05). Catharanthus roseus ethanolic extract potentially treat the kidney stone in vitro and in vivo
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Anticalculi., Sprague dawley, Catharanthus roseus

Judul: Estimating Parameter and the Convergence of Parameter Estimator of Poisson Hidden Markov Model
Abstrak: Model hidden Markov terdiri dari sepasang proses stokastik yaitu proses observasi dan proses yang memengaruhi observasi. Proses stokastik yang memengaruhi observasi ini diasumsikan membentuk rantai Markov dan tidak diamati. Model Poisson hidden Markov (MPHM) adalah salah satu model hidden Markov diskret dan proses observasinya jika diketahui proses yang memengaruhinya diasumsikan menyebar Poisson., A hidden Markov model (HMM) consists of a pair of stochastic processes, that is the observation process and process that affected observation. The stochastic process which causes this observation is assumed to form a Markov chain and is not observed. Poisson hidden Markov models (PHMM) is one of the discrete HMM and the observation process given the cause is assumed having a Poisson distribution.
Keyword: Poisson hidden Markov model, Forward-Backward algorithm, Expectation Maximization algorithm