Judul: Estimating the Mechanical Properties of Bamboo Stems Based on Acoustic-Based Nondestructive Testing in the Field
Abstrak: Bambu merupakan bahan biomassa yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pengganti kayu. Pengujian sifat mekanis bambu menjadi penting untuk mengetahui kekuatan bambu sebagai bahan baku konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik gelombang bunyi pada batang tanaman bambu dan batang bambu tebangan serta menduga sifat kekakuan lentur batang bambu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode nondestruktif berbasis akustik menggunakan alat Fakopp Microsecond Timer. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap 15 batang bambu betung (Dendrocalamus asper) dan 15 batang bambu tali (Gigantochloa apus). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik gelombang bunyi dapat dipengaruhi oleh jenis bambu, kondisi batang bambu, posisi transduser, posisi titik pengujian dan posisi aksial dengan signifikansi p<0,05. Nilai rata-rata velocity bambu tali > bambu betung, nilai rata-rata velocity pada kondisi batang bambu tebangan > batang tanaman bambu, nilai rata-rata velocity posisi transduser sejajar > berlawanan, nilai rata-rata velocity Buku-Buku > Ruas-Ruas > Ruas-Buku dan nilai rata-rata velocity posisi aksial ujung > tengah > pangkal. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan nilai kecepatan gelombang bunyi dapat menduga nilai kekakuan lentur dengan koefisien determinasi sebesar R2 = 81,41%., Bamboo is a biomass material that can be used as a substitute for wood. Testing the mechanical properties of bamboo is important to determine the strength of bamboo as a construction raw material. This study aims to analyze the sound wave characteristics of bamboo plant culms and felled bamboo culms and to estimate the flexural stiffness properties of bamboo culms. The method used is an acoustic-based nondestructive method using the Fakopp Microsecond Timer tool. Research was conducted on 15 betung bamboo culms (Dendrocalamus asper) and 15 tali bamboo culms (Gigantochloa apus). The results showed that the sound wave characteristics can be influenced by the type of bamboo, the condition of the bamboo culm, the position of the transducer, the position of the testing point and the axial position with a significance of p<0,05. The average velocity value of bamboo tali > bamboo betung, the average velocity value in the condition of felled bamboo stems > bamboo plant stems, the average velocity value of transducer positions parallel > opposite, the average velocity value of Node-Node > Internode-Internode > Internode-Node and the average velocity value of axial positions tip > center > base. The statistical analysis shows that the sound wave velocity value can predict the bending stiffness value with a coefficient determination R2 = 81,41%.
Keyword: batang bambu, kecepatan gelombang bunyi, MOEd, nondestruktif

Judul: Buckling Properties of Betung Bamboo (Dendrocalamus asper)
Abstrak: Bambu betung potensial digunakan sebagai konstruksi struktural. Tidak seperti bambu kolom pendek, kolom panjang dipengaruhi oleh peristiwa tekuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat rumus eksperimental hubungan antara angka kelangsingan dan faktor tekuk serta menentukan nilai faktor tekuk bambu betung pada berbagai angka kelangsingan. Bambu betung ditebang dari Jalan Huni Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dengan panjang 13-14 m yang dipotong menjadi dua bagian. Pengukuran kadar air, kerapatan, kerapatan linear, bentuk geometri dan kandungan cacat (dimensi, keruncingan, eccentricity, kelengkungan, ovality) mengacu pada BS ISO 19624:2018 tentang pemilahan buluh bambu. Uji t-test digunakan untuk membandingkan sifat fisis dan mekanis contoh uji berukuran pendek dan contoh uji berukuran panjang. Ukuran contoh uji pendek dan contoh uji panjang yaitu 6.05-15.81 cm dan 40-410.7 cm. Pengujian tekan contoh uji pendek dilakukan menggunakan alat UTM Shimadzu tipe UMH-30, sedangkan pengujian contoh uji panjang menggunakan alat UTM Baldwin dan alat uji tekuk ukuran panjang. Kedua pengujian dilakukan pembebanan secara vertical (sejajar serat). Pengolahan data menggunakan formula Rankin Gordon, Ylinen’s, Euler, Newlin Gahagan’s, dan Euler Johnson. Tekuk merupakan suatu jenis kegagalan yang disebabkan oleh ketidakstabilan suatu elemen struktur yang dipengaruhi oleh aksi (beban tekuk). Angka kelangsingan merupakan panjang tekuk dibagi dengan jari-jari inersia. Kerapatan dan kerapatan linear berhubungan erat dengan kuat tekan dan kapasitas tekan. Semakin tinggi nilai kerapatan dan kerapatan linear, maka nilai kuat tekan dan kapasitas tekan semakin tinggi. Korelasi antara kerapatan dengan kuat tekan dan kerapatan linear dengan kapasitas tekan dapat dibuktikan menggunakan analisis linear sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kerapatan linear kondisi 12% dapat digunakan untuk menduga kapasitas tekan lebih baik daripada kerapatan kondisi 12%. Angka kelangsingan semakin tinggi berdampak pada nilai tekuk semakin rendah. Formula Ylinen’s cocok digunakan untuk menduga nilai tekuk pada berbagai angka kelangsingan., Betung bamboo is a potential material for structural construction. Unlike short bamboo columns, long columns are affected by buckling effect. This study aims to create an experimental formula of the relationship between the number of slenderness ratio and buckling factors and determine the value of the buckling factor of betung bamboo in various numbers of slenderness ratio. Betung bamboo is taken from Huni street, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, IPB University with 13-14 m length which is cut into two parts. Measurement of moisture content, density, linear mass, geometric shapes and defects (dimensions, taper, eccentricity, curvature, ovality) referred to BS ISO 19624:2018 about grading of bamboo culms. T-tests are used to compare the physical and mechanical properties of short test samples and long test samples. The short test sample and long test sample size are 6.05-15.81 cm and 40-410.7 cm length. The short test sample used UTM Shimadzu UMH-30 for compressive test, while the long test sample used UTM Baldwin and a long-size buckling test tool. Both tests were carried out vertically (parallel to grain). Data analysis used Rankin Gordon, Ylinen's, Euler's, Newlin Gahagan's, and Euler Johnson's formula. Buckling is a type of failure caused by the instability of a structural element affected by action (buckling load). Slenderness ratio is the length of bamboo culm divided by the radius of gyration. Linear mass and density are closely related
Keyword: slenderness ratio, betung, column, compressive, buckling

Judul: Sarcosporidiasis in slaughter animals
Abstrak: Sarcocystis which belong to the generally occuring parasites for they are found almost all over the countries of the world. Infection of Sarcocystis usually throught inges- tion of feces or flesh of infected animals. The pathogenesis of Sarcosporidiasis is considered as benign but when the Sarcocystis die in a host, sarcocystin or sarcosporidin is liberated thereby which lead to condemnation of meat in the abattoir. Besides condemnation of meat, Sarcocystis also causes: loss of appetite, anemia, lameness, weakness in the lion, diarrhea, fever, pyrexia, paralysis, emaciation, neuro logical disturbances, etc. " Amprolium "at the rate of 100 mg/Kg body weight per day has been practiced for prevention or to minimize Sarco- sporidiasis. Treatment must be started during incubation period. Shedding of Sarcocystis sporocysts in the feces of carnivores is the key factor in the spread of Sarcocystis infection. Therefore, control efforts must be based primarily on measures designed to break the cycle of Sarcocystis.
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