Judul: Sulfonated Polystyrene-Nafion Composite Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Application with Synthetic Dyes
Abstrak: Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) merupakan sel surya generasi ketiga dengan kelebihan mudah difabrikasi, biaya produksinya rendah, ramah lingkungan, serta menghasilkan efisiensi konversi daya yang cukup baik. Sistem DSSC tersusun atas elektrode kerja, zat warna, elektrolit, dan elektrode lawan. Elektrolit yang umum digunakan dalam aplikasi DSSC adalah elektrolit cair yang mengandung iodida/triiodida (I-/I3-). Elektrolit cair memiliki kelemahan mudah menguap, sehingga mengakibatkan kinerja DSSC menjadi menurun. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodifikasi elektrolit cair menjadi gel polimer elektrolit komposit polistirena tersulfonasi-nafion serta membandingkan nilai efisiensi dari penggunaan zat warna merah dan kuning sebagai zat pemeka DSSC. Komposit polistirena tersulfonasi-nafion dibuat dengan lima variasi komposisi 0,00:1,00; 0,25:0,75; 0,50:0.50; 0,75;0,25; 1,00: 0,00. Hasil pengukuran menunjukkan komposisi optimum komposit polistirena tersulfonasi-nafion adalah 0,50:0,50 dengan nilai efisiensi 1,50% untuk zat warna merah dan 1,35% untuk zat warna kuning., Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a third generation solar cell with the advantages of being fabricated, low production costs, environmentally friendly, and producing a fairly good power conversion efficiency. The DSSC system consists of a working electrode, dyes, electrolyte, and counter electrode. The electrolyte commonly used in DSSC applications is liquid electrolyte containing iodide/triiodide (I-/I3-). The electrolyte has the weakness of being volatile, which causes the performance of the DSSC to decrease. This study aims to modify the liquid electrolyte into a gel polymer electrolyte composite PSS-nafion and compare the efficiency values of red and yellow dyes as DSSC sensitizers. Sulfonated polystirene-nafion composite was made with five composition variations 0,00:1,00; 0,25:0,75; 0,50:0,50; 0,75;0,25; 1,00: 0,00. The measurement results show that the optimal composite composition of PSS-nafion is 0,50:0,50 with an efficiency value of 1,50% for red dyes and 1,35% for yellow dyes.
Keyword: dye sensitized solar cell, dyes, gel polymer electrolyte, nafion, sulfonated solystirene

Judul: Kinerja Dye Sensitized Solar Cell Berbahan Dasar Polistirena Tersulfonasi dan Pewarna Sari Alami Beta vulgaris L.
Abstrak: Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) adalah perangkat sel surya generasi ketiga yang mampu mengkonversi energi cahaya menjadi energi listrik dengan bantuan zat warna. Pewarna yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah sari alami umbi bit merah yang didapatkan dari proses tanpa maserasi. Rangkaian DSSC terdiri atas elektrode kerja, zat warna, elektrolit, dan elektrode lawan. Larutan elektrolit yang umum digunakan adalah I-/I3- namun elektrolit ini mempunyai kelemahan mudah menguap sehingga dapat menurunkan nilai efisiensi DSSC. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penggunaan sari alami umbi bit merah (Beta vulgaris L.) sebagai zat warna pada sistem DSSC, pengaruh penambahan polistirena tersulfonasi disebabkan potensinya sebagai elektrolit DSSC dengan dua perlakuan berbeda, yaitu pencampuran dan perendaman pewarna terhadap TiO2 yang mempengaruhi nilai efisiensi kinerja DSSC. Nilai efisiensi DSSC dengan perlakuan pencampuran dan penambahan PSS menghasilkan efisiensi tertinggi sebesar 1,74%. Teknik pewarnaan terhadap PSS melalui proses pencampuran memperoleh efisiensi kinerja lebih baik dibandingkan dengan proses perendaman yang didapatkan perbedaan efisiensi senilai 36%., Dye Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) is a third-generation solar cell device capable of converting light energy into electrical energy with the help of dyes. The dye used in this study was the natural of beetroot obtained from the process without maceration. The DSSC circuit consists of a working electrode, a dye, an electrolyte, and an opposing electrode. The electrolyte solution commonly used is I-/I3- but this electrolyte has the disadvantage of being volatile so that it can reduce the efficiency value DSSC. This study aims to determine the use of natural juice of red beet tubers (Beta vulgaris L.) as dyes in the DSSC system, the effect of adding sulfonated polystyrene due to its potential as a DSSC electrolyte with two different treatments, namely mixing and soaking dyes against TiO2 which affects the efficiency value of DSSC performance. The efficiency value of DSSC with PSS mixing and addition treatment resulted in the highest efficiency of 1,74%. The staining technique for PSS through the mixing process obtained better performance efficiency compared to the soaking process which obtained a difference efficiency of 36%.
Keyword: beetroot, DSSC, efficiency, polystyrene sulfonated

Judul: Analisis Model Pandemik dan Prepandemik Avian Influenza pada Populasi Manusia
Abstrak: Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by a virus within the subtype of H5N1 in which its transmission caused by birds or human. In human population, transmission process of avian influenza is discussed in the model called: bird model, prepandemic model and pandemic model. The bird model has two equlibrium points. These are saddle disease free equilibrium and stable endemic equilibrium. The endemic equlibrium occurred when the reproduction number of avian influenza is greater than one. In the endemic equilibrium, avian influenza may infect both bird and human. The prepandemic model has two equilibrium points. These are avian influenza dominant equilibrium and human influenza dominant equilibrium. The human influenza dominant equilibrium occurred when the reproduction number of human influenza is greater than one. The pandemic model has one pandemic equlibrium. The human influenza pandemic occurred when the ratio of human influenza invasion, pandemic invasion and the reproduction number of human influenza is greater than one, respectively. The avian influenza pandemic occurred when the ratio of human influenza invasion, pandemic invasion is less than one and the reproduction number of avian influenza greater than one, respectively.
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