Judul: Genetic and wood anatomy characterization of pinus merkusii high resin yielder candidates and its propagation strategy
Abstrak: Selection activities for high resin yielder candidates of Pinus merkusii in Java were started in 2006 through a series of survey and morphological studies, but specific information on its resin production structure, marker based genetic aspect, wood anatomy and propagation strategy are still not determined yet. Those information are needed for futher characterization and improvement strategy. The objectives of this research were: i) to determine resin production baseline data, growth structure and growth character related with resin production for further research, ii) to estimate genetic parameter of higher resin yielder candidate through morphogenetic characterization, iii) to analyze anatomical structure of resin duct influencing resin production through macroscopic and microscopic characterization and iv) to develop vegetative propagation strategy for higher resin yielder candidate through interfascicular shoot multiplication, cutting and grafting. The result on determination resin production baseline data, growth stucture and growth character showed that Cijambu Seedling Seed Orchard (SSO) has the highest resin production (101.4 g/tree/3days) compared to Baturaden SSO (88.72 g/tree/3days) and Jember SSO (64.4 g/tree/3days), right-skewness resin production distribution structure and wider resin production interval. Therefore Cijambu SSO was choosen for resin yielder characterization. Pearson correlation test and multiple linear regression for 14 growth characters out of 35 characters were tested. Stem diameter, branching number, bark thickness and crown had moderate correlation with resin yield (r: 0.75). It is concluded that resin production was affected by genetic and enviromental factors. Although resin production was affected by genetic and environmental factor, therefore appropriate stand management (silviculture treatment) must also be implemented because potential genetic expression would be maximized if environmental conditions is well managed. The result on morphogenetic characterization showed that resin production character has high value of coefficient genetic variation (CGV: 14.5- 28.43%), narrow sense heritability for individual (h2: 0.580.08-0.770.08), different allelic pattern, heterozygosity value (He:0.551 and He:0.545) and clustered with normal producer. This research showed that genetically high resin yielder candidates are different from normal resin producer. Genotypic and phenotypic correlation founded 3 characters (diameter, bark thickness and crown length) which have positive correlation and 2 characters (branch number and severity level of pest and disease attack) which negative correlation with resin yield. For resin yielder, these characters can be used as indicator for resin yielder selection. The result on anatomical structure characterization showed that high resin yielder candidate trees compared to that of normal one are as followed: darker in wood colour (reddis brown compared to creamy white), higher in number of axial resin duct (9.401.68/mm2 to 101.30 /mm2 compared to 40.96/mm2), wider in resin duct diameter (468.8998.72 μm to 562.11181.62 μm compared to 109.4211.26 μm), thicker in epithelium cell (50.81 12.20 μm to 58.599.55 μm compared to 23.1787 μm). These differences may affect to quantity of resin yielder compared to normal producer. Vegetative propagation through interfascicular shoot multiplication, cutting and grafting provides promising strategy for mass production of high resin yielder. Interfascicular shoot multiplication provided higher new juvenile materials compared to normal seedling, while cutting from 1 year old seedling produced high rooting percentage (87.5%). Technically, pine resin yielder can also be propagated through grafting technique.
Keyword: propagation

Judul: Characteristics of Pine Stands (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) Resin Production in KPH Pati
Abstrak: Getah pinus memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dan potensial untuk dibudidayakan. Pengusahaan getah pinus oleh KPH Pati tidak lepas dari informasi yang menunjang peningkatan produktivitas getah. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi karakteristik tegakan pinus (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) penghasil getah di KPH Pati. Pemilihan pohon contoh dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Pengamatan kondisi lingkungan dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif berupa observasi dan dokumentasi. Rata-rata produktivitas getah pinus pada anak petak 36E dan 70A sebesar 0,716 kg/bulan/pohon dan 1,320 kg/bulan/pohon. Pohon pinus pada anak petak 36E memiliki diameter batang kecil, sedangkan pohon pinus pada anak petak 70A memiliki diameter batang besar. Peubah diameter setinggi dada, tinggi total, jumlah bidang sadap, tinggi bidang sadap, kedalaman bidang sadap, dan ketinggian tempat tumbuh memiliki tingkat keeratan hubungan sangat lemah terhadap produktivitas getah. Kerapatan tegakan pada anak petak 36E tinggi sedangkan kerapatan tegakan pada anak petak 70A jarang. Getah pinus yang tertampung pada wadah penampung getah terlihat tercampur dengan air dan kotoran., Pine resin has a high economic value and potential to be cultivated. Pine resin business by KPH Pati cannot be separated from information that supports the increase in resin productivity. The goal of this study to identify the characteristics of pine stands (Pinus merkusii Jungh. et de Vriese) resin producing in KPH Pati. The selection of sample trees was carried out by purposive sampling method. Observation of environmental conditions is carried out by descriptive methods are observation and documentation. The average pine resin productivity in anak petak 36E and 70A was 0,716 kg/month/tree and 1,320 kg/month/tree. The pine trees in anak petak 36E have a small diameter, while the pine trees in anak petak 70A have a large diameter. The diameter, total height, number of tapping fields, height of the tapping field, depth of field of tapping, and height of the growing place have a very weak level of closeness to resin productivity. The density of stands in anak petak 36E is high, while the density of stands in anak petak 70A is rare. Pine resin that is accommodated in a resin-holding container looks mixed with water and dirt.
Keyword: Descriptive, Purposive Sampling, Resin Productivity

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: