Judul: Kajian Preservasi Bakteri Escherichia coli Dengan Empat Metode di PT Sanghiang Perkasa
Abstrak: Komitmen untuk selalu menjaga mutu produk adalah hal yang penting untuk dilakukan. Mutu adalah kesesuaian karakteristik produk dengan standar yang ditetapkan berdasarkan syarat, kebutuhan, dan keinginan konsumen (Muhandri dan Kadarisman 2012). Mutu dari bahan baku, selama proses produksi, hingga produk sampai di tangan konsumen harus selalu dijaga untuk menjamin produk yang dipasarkan aman dan berkualitas. Hal tersebut akan menentukan nilai dari suatu produk pangan.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, preservation

Judul: Pengembangan Biakan Kering Beku Kultur Campuran untuk Uji Profisiensi Mikrobiologi Parameter Kualitatif
Abstrak: Salmonella Typhimurium dan Escherichia coli adalah dua jenis bakteri yang dapat memengaruhi keamanan pangan. Biakan kering beku kultur campuran Salmonella Typhimurium dan Escherichia coli sebagai objek uji profisiensi dapat digunakan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan suatu laboratorium dalam menganalisis mutu mikrobiologi sampel pangan. Penelitian bertujuan memperoleh kultur campuran Salmonella Typhimurium dan Escherichia coli yang homogen dan stabil untuk digunakan sebagai objek uji profisiensi (OUP) dengan parameter kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan dalam 3 tahap, diawali dengan pemilihan jenis krioprotektan terbaik berdasarkan uji viabilitas bakteri, dilanjutkan dengan pengujian homogenitas dan stabilitas sampel, serta diikuti dengan uji konfirmasi dengan metode PCR Standard. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa krioprotektan terbaik merupakan kombinasi susu skim (10%), sukrosa (5%), trehalosa (5%), dan asam askorbat (0,1%) dengan penurunan jumlah mikroba sebesar 4 Log CFU/mL, yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa krioprotektan dengan penurunan jumlah mikroba sebesar 8 Log CFU/mL. Uji homogenitas menunjukkan hasil positif Salmonella Typhimurium dan E. coli untuk semua ampul sampel. Hasil uji stabilitas menunjukkan bahwa sampel stabil pada suhu 4oC selama 61 hari. Uji konfirmasi dengan PCR standar menggunakan primer gen Inva dan 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa sampel hasil positif untuk Salmonella Typhimurium dan Escherichia coli. Biakan kering beku kultur campuran Salmonella Typhimurium dan Escherichia coli dengan krioprotektan homogen dan stabil pada suhu 4oC selama 61 hari sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai objek uji profisiensi parameter kualitatif.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, freeze dried culture, proficiency testing, Salmonella Typhimurium, Standard PCR

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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