Judul: IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION  TECHNOLOGY ON PRODUCTION AND MARKETING AT  THE AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
Abstrak: Digital technology such information and communication technology (ICT) is provided to be accessed for everyone, including smallholder farmers. The farmers can obtain the information and communication technology (ICT) for augmenting productivity and obtain higher price of the product. The household farmers have preferred cropping horticulture commodity through producing vegetable harvest to expectedly obtain additional income which might be increased further combining their agribusiness with ICT. However, there were only a few researches discussing commodity of horticulture in term of using ICT in term of vegetable commodity for increasing productivity in the farm, decrease input or production cost, and increase output price. The main objective was to construct an econometric model for smallholder farmers, focusing on how small farmers in Indonesia, particularly those involved in perishable goods production, can leverage digital agriculture using mobile or smartphones to enhance household income. To achieve this overarching goal, the specific objectives of the study were as follows (1) identifying the level of digital transformation in horticulture practice in Indonesia, (2) analysing the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on agricultural production, and (3) on agricultural marketing at the household level at the household level. This study is based on a survey and interview of the vegetable farmers using a structured questionnaire carried out in one village in every three districts in Indonesia, such as Cianjur, Sleman, and Malang in West Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java Province, respectively. The data are gathered from 375 selected respondents in their respective parts between November 2021 and March 2022. The econometric model called Multivariate Linier Regression (MLR) model was used to assess the heterogeneous factors affecting the likelihood of increasing household income of vegetable smallholder. This research followed the theory of ICT literacy adjusted with agricultural sector. The research found that the level of Agricultural ICT literacy in Indonesia was 2.44 of scale 4.00 indicating that the farmers have competency for using digital technology. This novel study shows that the five categories of use of information technology for farming and selling harvest positively impact household income, namely (1) farmers who do not use cell phones at all, either basic mobile phones or smartphones, (2) farmers who use basic cell phones (mobile phones or smartphones) for phone calls and SMS purposes, (3) farmers who use smartphones using the Whatsapp application, but do not use many applications, (4) farmers who use smartphones by utilizing various applications for social media, and (5) farmers v who use smartphones by utilizing various applications both for social media purposes or for other purposes broadly. The results of this research have explained the complex network of relationships in the chili agricultural sector in terms of productivity, costs, and chili prices. This finding adds to literacy related to transformative agriculture. This research has implications for achieving sustainable and economically viable vegetable commodity production for small farmers in Indonesia. Trade-offs related to increasing productivity and selling prices, as well as reducing production costs, are inevitable. Nevertheless, these trade-offs are integral to achieving the overarching goal of augmenting the household income of small scale farmers, which forms the central
Keyword: Smartphone, household income, digital  transformation., vegetable farmer, ICT literacy, digital transformation

Judul: The Effectiveness of Information Technology as a Media for Empowering Rice Farmers
Abstrak: Produk pertanian yang dihasilkan petani sulit bersaing karena tidak mengikuti trend selera pasar, baik pasar lokal, regional, maupun nasional dan internasional. Hal tersebut menjadi penyebab sudah saatnya petani meningkatkan kompetensi dalam pertanian. Dalam mencapai tujuan pembangunan pertanian, petani memiliki peran penting sebagai aktor dalam meningkatkan produktivitas hasil pertanian. Kehadiran teknologi informasi menyediakan peluang bagi para petani untuk mengakses berbagai informasi dan pengetahuan seputar pertanian yang bermanfaat bagi pemberdayaan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keefektifan teknologi informasi sebagai media pemberdayaan petani padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Karangligar, Kecamatan Telukjambe Barat, Kabupaten Karawang. Penelitian bersifat eksplanatori menggunakan data kuantitatif dari kuesioner dan kualitatif dari wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik petani berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat keberdayaan petani. Namun, aksesibilitas petani dalam menggunakan teknologi informasi tidak berhubungan nyata dengan tingkat keberdayaan petani., Agricultural products produced by farmers find it difficult to compete because they do not follow market trends, both local, regional, national and international markets. This is the reason why it is time for farmers to increase their competency in agriculture. In achieving agricultural development goals, farmers have an important role as actors in increasing the productivity of agricultural products. The presence of information technology provides opportunities for farmers to access various information and knowledge about agriculture which is useful for empowering farmers. This research aims to analyze the effectiveness of information technology as a medium for empowering rice farmers. This research was conducted in Karangligar Village, West Telukjambe District, Karawang Regency. This research is explanatory using a quantitative data from questionnaires and qualitative data from in-depth interviews. The research results show that farmer characteristics are related to the level of farmer empowerment. However, farmers' accessibility in using information technology is not significantly related to the level of farmer empowerment. Keyword: empowerment, information
Keyword: Empowerment, Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Rice Farmers

Judul: Transisi Fasa Materi Hadronik ke Materi Kuark pada Inti Bintang Neutron.
Abstrak: Bintang neutron terdiri dari beberapa lapisan yang disusun oleh materi nuklir yang berbeda dengan kerapatan yang semakin tinggi ketika mendekati pusat bintang. Inti luar bintang neutron disusun oleh materi hadronik (nukleon, lepton, dan hyperon), sedangkan inti dalam bintang neutron disusun oleh kuark-kuark bebas (up, down, strange) yang saling berinteraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari bagaimana transisi dari inti luar ke inti dalam bintang neutron dengan menggunakan pendekatan RMF (Relativistic Mean Field) untuk materi hadronik dan CIDDM (Confined Isospin Density Dependent Mass) untuk materi kuark. Tekanan transisi diperoleh ketika potensial kimia barion materi hadronik dan materi kuark bernilai sama. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-TM1 sekitar 87 MeV/fm3 dan diperoleh massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.92M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.62 km. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-G2 sekitar 53 MeV/fm3 dan massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.88M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.16 km. Jenis transisi fasa adalah orde satu ditandai dengan diskontinuitas dalam kerapatan energi (adanya mixed phase). Parameter-parameter pada model nuklir yang digunakan menyebabkan perbedaan kekakuan persamaan keadaan (EOS) dari materi hadronik dan materi kuark sehingga nilai tekanan transisi dari fasa hadronik ke fasa kuark juga berbeda.
Keyword: bintang neutron, persamaan keadaan, transisi fasa