Judul: Pengaruh konsentrasi garam terhadap mutu pada ikan kembung (Rastrelliger sp.) selama fermentasi
Abstrak: Hasil perikanan tangkap di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, khususnya untuk hasil pengolahan tradisional secara fermentasi pada tahun 2004 sudah mencapai 52. 512 ton. Diperkirakan jumlahnya akan terus meningkat karena tingginya permintaan pasar. salah satu jenis produk hasil fermentasi adalah peda.
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Judul: Pengaruh perlakuan penyingan dan perendaman di dalam larutan garam terhadap mutu pindang kembang selama penyimpangan
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh bentuk ikan (utuh atau disiangi), konsentrasi larutan garam sebagai larutan perendam pendahuluan, serta lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu pindang kembung. Konsentrasi larutan garam yang digunakan adalah 0, 5, 10 dan 15%, sedangkan lama penyimpanan adalah 0, 4 dan 8 hari. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi analisa kimia (kadar FAN, TVB, pH, garam dan air), analisa mikrobiologi yaitu Total Aerobic Plate Count (TPC), dan penilaian organoleptik (rupa, bau, rasa dan tekstur). Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan, ternyata bentuk ikan berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar FAN, kadar garam dan rupa pindang, sedangkan konsentrasi larutan garam berpengaruh nyata terhadap kadar TVB, FAN dan kadar air pindang, dan lama penyimpanan berpengaruh nyata terhadap semua pengamatan. Konsentrasi larutan garam yang semakin tinggi dapat menekan laju peningkatan kadar FAN dan TVB selama penyimpanan. Disamping itu, konsentrasi larutan garam yang semakin tinggi dapat menurunkan kadar air dan menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba. Ikan yang disiangi menghasilkan pindang dengan rupa yang lebih disukai dibandingkan dengan pindang yang dibuat dari ikan utuh. Selama penyimpanan terjadi peningkatan kadar FAN, TVB, pH, garam serta jumlah mikroba secara keseluruhan. Penilaian organoleptik dan kadar air cenderung menurun cinsa novik 113 University selama penyimpanan. Kontrol pindang mengalami pembusukan yang paling awal selama penyimpanan, sedangkan pindang yang dibuat dengan perlakuan perendaman pendahuluan dalam larutan garam 10% dan 15% masih mempunyai nilai organoleptik yang baik sampai hari kedelapan.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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