Judul: An Analysis of Little Tuna Resources Management Options in the East Coast of Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: Presently, the utilization of little tuna resource in the Minahasa coastal waters is not well managed by the local fisheries authority. In the other word, the local government has not sufficient capacity to protect their local fish resources. The management regime used by the local government is quasi open access regime which no control on fisheries capacity in terms of input and output. In this regards, this study can contribute in giving alternative scenario to manage little tuna resources in study area. Using Gordon-Schaefer model, it has been revealed that the Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) is estimated at the level of 744.27 ton, while Maximum Economic Yield (MEY) 267.73 tons, Optimum Sustainable Yield (OSY) 275.90 tons and Open Access Yield (OAY) 476.02 tons respectively. In terms of effort, theses level would be 9,453 trips; 1,889 trips; 1,954 trips; and 3,778 trips. From the stekholders analysis, it can be also obtaiend that directorate general of capture fisheries (national level), marine and fisheries service (regional level), regional legislative, fisheries and marine service, regional planning and development board, non goverment organization, private sectors, fishing boat owner and fishermen group (local level) are the most strategic stakeholders. Based on this identification, therefere, trade-off analysis on management scenarios has been undertaken. From the actual condition, it has been indicated that actual production level has been excessed the level of MSY. It can be said that the actual condition of resources utilitization has been biological overfished. From the effort point of view, the condition of actual effort also has been excessed the level of OAY or has been economically overfished. Furthermore, optimal economic rent can be achieved when little tuna management is operated MEY and OSY level. From the results of trade-off analysis, it can be revealed that output control scenario can be considered as the best scenario due to its total score more than input control scenario and output- input control scenario. However, in the real implementation, the output control scenario and input control scenario can be implemented if the government reducing the production is 718.70 tons, 533.24 tons and its effort level is 7,772 trips, 10,150 trips respectively.
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Judul: Exploitation status of the small-pelagic fish resources in Maluku waters and its fishing capacity
Abstrak: The potential for the Maluku’s pelagic fishery resources is moderately exploited; hence, small-pelagic fishery development is considerably strategic. The development of the small-pelagic fishery is complex due to involvement of stakeholders in the resources utilization, and the unique characteristics of marine fish resources. Since 1999, fishing capacity issue has become growing concerns in world fisheries. Excessive fishing capacity can contribute substantially to overfishing, degradation of marine fishery resources, and significant economic waste. In line with fishing capacity, this research was conducted to analyze exploitation status of the small-pelagic fish resources in Maluku waters based on fishing capacity. Research location was the WPP-714 Banda Sea, particularly focused on area of the Central Maluku Regency and Ambon City. Collected data were analyzed by using bioeconomic approach of Gordon-Schaefer model, data envelopment analysis (DEA), technique of linear goal programming (LGP), stochastic production frontier analysis (SPF), and strategic environment analysis. Results showed that at maximum sustainable yield (MSY); production was 57,589.57 tones per year, fishing effort 7,945,48 trips, biomass 480,715.12 tones, and economic rent Rp 200,499,420,000. Six out of the 22 decision-making units (DMU) were fully efficient. The lowest capacity utilization in small-pelagic fishery was found in DMU-1988, which was 76%. There was indication of over capacity on the small-pelagic fishery in the period of 1989 to 1999. The smallpelagic fishery in the east season was more efficient than that of in the west season. At temporal exploitation for the east season, allocation of purse seine was 161 units and of gillnet was 6,507 units, whereas for the west season allocation of purse seine was 13 units and gillnet 2,663 units. The affected determinants of the stochastic frontier production function were length and width of fishing gears, number of persons per vessel, investment value of fishing unit, and time spent in fishing per trip. Age of skipper, total household size of the skipper, and the skipper’s years of fishing experience significantly influenced technical inefficiency of fishing. Optimal allocation of purse seine was 251 fishing units, gillnet 10,011 units, lift net 190 units, and beach seine 32 units. Compared to the original allocation of the fishing unit, lift net and beach seine decreased very sharply by 781 units and 393 units, respectively. Strategic plan was designed under a vision of “pelagic fishery development based on fishing capacity and efficiency for people welfare”. This vision is aimed at balancing level of fishing fleets with the sustainability of the marine fish resources in Maluku. To achieve this goal, some environmental factors associated with fishing capacity management were identified and used for developing strategic plan.
Keyword: fishing capacity, Banda sea, Ambon City, strategic environment analysis

Judul: Imobilisasi Metformin Hidroklorida pada Hidrogel Poli(Vinil Alkohol) (PVA) dengan Teknik Iradiasi.
Abstrak: Hidrogel dikenal sebagai salah satu jenis makromolekul polimer hidrofilik berbentuk jaringan bertaut silang yang banyak digunakan dalam matriks pengungkung/pelepas obat. Hidrogel dibuat dengan proses beku-leleh dan iradiasi gamma. Campuran poli(vinil) alkohol 10% (b/v) dalam air yang mengandung metformin HCl (10, 20, 30 mg) dibeku-lelehkan kemudian diiradiasi dengan sinar gamma (0, 10, 15, 20 kGy). Hidrogel yang terbentuk dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektroskopi Fourier transform infrared. Pelepasan metformin HCl dari hidrogel diukur dengan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Fraksi gel dan daya serap air dihitung pada hidrogel yang tidak tercampur obat. Hidrogel tanpa iradiasi dan hidrogel hasil iradiasi memperlihatkan pergeseran bilangan gelombang pada gugus -OH dan -CH. Kinetika pelepasan obat dari hidrogel diukur berdasarkan persamaan orde nol. Fraksi gel yang diperoleh memiliki rataan 97-98%. Jumlah air yang diserap oleh hidrogel semakin berkurang dengan bertambahnya dosis iradiasi.
Keyword: hidrogel, imobilisasi, iradiasi, metformin HCl, PVA