Judul: Karakterisasi Fisikokimia Tepung Sorgum Fermentasi dan Aplikasinya sebagai Bahan Substitusi Roti Tawar
Abstrak: Bread as an energy-producing food are widely consumed and generally made with wheat flour. Sorghum is local resources that can be used as a replacement or substitution of wheat flour to reduce dependence on imported wheat. The use of sorghum flour in bread making will give a sandy, dry, and hard crumb. This can be reduced through fermentation process in sorghum flour production. Research consists of production and characterization of sorghum flour, bread formulation, sensory testing, and physicochemical characterization of bread substituted. Sorghum flour made with two treatments that are non-fermented (NF) and fermented (F). Characterization of sorghum flour includes physical properties and chemical content. Bread made with six formulas that are NF 20%, NF 30%, NF 40%, F 20%, F 30%, and F 40% then evaluated in sensory testing to get the chosen formulas. Furthermore, that formulas was analyzed its physical properties and chemical content. Sorghum flour NF has yellowish-white, normal flavor, and texture rather coarse while sorghum flour F has dull brownish, sour flavor, and texture rather coarse. The water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber content of the sorghum flour NF in dry basis were respectively 10.11%; 1.28%; 7.50%; 4.62%; 76.50% and 2.91%, while sorghum flour F were respectively 10.19%; 0.94%; 7.95%, 4.86%; 76.06% and 2.65%. Based on the sensory test, bread substituted were chosen are NF 20% and F 30%. Results of physical analysis showed that the higher amount of substituted sorghum flour NF and F can decrease the proofing ratio, specific volume of dough and bread. Bread NF 20% (237.25 gf) has firmness value lower than bread F 30% (301.26 gf). Bread NF 20% containing water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber (dry basis) were respectively 53.74%; 2.48%; 11.34%; 9.74%; 22.72% and 3.77%, while bread F 30% were respectively 52.06%; 2.44%; 12.05%; 9.80%; 23.66%, and 3.20%.
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Judul: Effect of Spontaneous Fermentation On the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Sorghum Flour (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and Its Application In Cookies.
Abstrak: The study aims to observe if sorghum grain spontaneous fermentation can affect physical and chemical characteristics of its flour. Sorghum grain was spontaneously fermented for 5 days. Samples were taken daily, and selected physical and chemical characteristics were studied. Results showed that sorgum spontaneous fermentation significantly (α<0.05) decreased water and ash content, but significantly (α<0.05) increased carbohidrat, starch, amylosa, and amylopectin content. Spontaneous fermentation tended to decrease protein and fat content but not significant. Spontaneous fermentation also significantly (α<0.05) increased yield of the flour and degree of flour whiteness. Fermented flour had significantly (α<0.05) lower water absorbancy capacity and oil absorbancy capacity than non fermented flour. Fermentation decreased gelatinization temperature and setback viscosity, but increased peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and diameter of starch granula. Fermented sorghum flour can substitute wheat flour up to 50% in cookies. Spontaneous fermentation also significantly (α<005) increased panelist preference for organoleptic characteristics (color, aroma, flavor, and texture) and decreased gritty texture of sorghum cookies.
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Judul: Tingkat Kedisiplinan Nelayan Pemilik Gill Net terhadap Peraturan Perizinan Penangkapan Ikan di Pusat Pendaratan Ikan Muara Angke Kelurahan Pluit, Jakarta Utara
Abstrak: Berdasarkan ketentuan yang tercantum dalam Undang- Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 9 Tahun 1985 Tentang Perikanan, setiap kegiatan usaha perikanan diwajibkan memiliki izin usaha perikanan. Perizinan ini berfungsi untuk menjaga kelestarisn sumberdaya ikan, membina usaha perikanan dan memberikan kepastian usaha perikanan. Khusus di DKI Jakarta telah ditetapkan Keputusan Gubernur No. 109 Tahun 1977 Tentang Ketentuan Izin Usaha perikanan Di Wilayah DKI Jakarta. Dinas Perikanan diberikan wewenang oleh Gubernur DKI Jakarta untuk menerbitkan perizinan di bidang perikanan yang dalam pelaksanaannya dibantu oleh Suku Dinas Perikanan Wilayah Jakarta Utara.
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