Judul: Modelling geospatial connectivity of reef fish ontogenetic habitat in Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Reef fish communities exist at spatially distributed populations that correspond to various reefscape elements, for example landscape connectedness, the amount of habitat, and configuration of habitat patches. One type of connection exists between reef fish population is related with ontogenetic shift, in where juveniles use different types of habitat compare to adults. Supported by appropriate accuracy setting, integrated remote sensing technology can provide functional tools for informing complex landscape of reef habitats as well as reef geomorphology, one aspect still lacking of comprehensive studies in the Indonesian seascape. A total of 17 reef sites and 14 seagrass sites were assessed to gather basic information on reef fish community structure and potential structural connectivity facilitating ontogenetic shifts between different reef habitats in Kepulauan Seribu. Quickbird imagery analysis resulted in 13 thematic habitat classes and 8 geomorphological classes, with fine to excellent accuracy. Coupled with acoustic dataset, complex details of reef geomorphology at deeper depth (>18 meter) with 13 thematic classes were obtained from Benthic Terrain Modeler revealing structures which may facilitate reef fish spawning process (i.e.: Rock outcrop highs, narrow ridges/Ronr; Scarp, cliff; or small local depression on slope/Scos; Local ridges, boulders, pinnacles on broad flats/Lopb; Local ridges, boulders, pinnacles in depression/Lopd; Local ridges, boulders, pinnacles on slopes/Lops; and Crevices, narrow gullies over elevated terrain/Cret). Ontogenetic connectivity was analyzed structurally by reviewing spatial characteristics of the physical structure of the coastal environment as resulted from remote sensing imagery, and potentially by several scenarios of reef fish larval dispersal. Using spatial and statistic analysis, the results indicated that benthic habitat configuration metrics at several spatial scales (Perimeter:Area of habitat patch-P:A*, habitat extent-A*, and nearest distance between two ontogenetic habitats-JO*) may serve as proxies for examining ontogenetic connectivity and reef fish community structure. Juvenile fish species richness exhibit marginal association with P:A of seagrass patch at 250 m spatial extent (PAL250); while association between showing-spawn-cues adult reef fish is moderately strong at every spatial scale with reef area (AT*). Despite the seasonal variability of potential ontogenic connectivity, larval dispersal simulation revealed that several sites around Panggang Island provide the highest potential to be linked with seagrass patches, thus facilitating ontogenetic connectivity between spawning habitats at outer reefs to nursery habitats at inner reefs.
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Judul: Keterkaitan Struktur Komunitas Makrozoobentos Antara Habitat Mangrove, Lamun dan Reef Crest di Pulau Kelapa Dua, Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Makrozoobentos is fauna invetebrate benthic organism by sieving with size 0,5 mm. The aim of this research is to connectivity the macrozoobentos community structure along gradient of mangroves, seagrass, and reef crest habitat in Kelapa Dua Island. Habitat conditions was taken into account for sampling strategy. Benthic fauna samples were taken by means of a corer. The community structure of macrozoobentos is indicated by parameter of number of species, abundance and biomass (SAB). Analysis of similarity of the SAB parameter was mainly used to evaluate the connectivity of the three main coastal habitats. The highest number of species and biomass of macrozoobenthos was found in the seagrass habitat, while the most abundance was in the reef crest habitat. The most abundance and biomass species which mainly contributes on the habitat connectivity were Syllis sp, and Paraonis sp. The analyzes showed that seagrass habitat was closely connected with reef crest than mangrove.
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Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4