Judul: Analisis Jejak Karbon dan Air pada Produksi sayuran dengan Berbagai Sistem Pertanian (Studi Kasus di PT Kebun Sayur Segar Parung Bogor).
Abstrak: Production of vegetables comodity contributed to the total national GHG emissions (GHG) and water usage in agriculture sector. Agriculture activity and production activity in production of vegetables emitted GHG emissions naturally and also can affecting freshwater in nature. Because of that, this research was did to evaluate the environmental impact from production of vegetables with various farming systems by implemetation of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment). The impact was asessed consists of a carbon footprint assessment, total energy use, efficiency energy and water footprint. The results evaluation of the environmental impact on the production 1 kg product of red spinach, green spinach and kale with various farming systems show that estimated total GHG emissions is 1,104 kgCO2eq, total energy use is 2,276 MJ with value of Net Energy Ratio (NER) <1 and Net Energy Value (NEV) negative and total water footprint is 115 m3/Ha. Scenario optimization of usage materials and waste vegetables are expected reduce total GHG emissions, increase energy efficiency and reduce total water use in the production of red spinach, green spinach and kale with various framing system.
Keyword: carbon footprint, farming system, life cycle assessment, vegetables, water footpint

Judul: Analisis Strategi Penerapan Produksi Bersih pada Rantai Logistik Industri Hortikultura
Abstrak: Logistic chain of horticulture industry that supplies vegetables from farmers to the consumers generates wastes that pollute the environment. In 2009, the wastes value in Bogor was 13,3% of total wet market wastes which equivalent to 305 m3/day. The actors involved in logistic chain of horticulture commodity are farmers, middle man traders, packing houses, supermarkets, and wet markets. Cleaner production is a preventive method that can reduce the formation of vegetable wastes. The objectives of this research were to map the logistic chain of horticulture, to analyze the generated wastes and to select the cleaner production options that can be applied to minimize the generated wastes along the logistic chain. The methods that used in this research were quick scan of logistic chain flow and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results showed that the percentage of added value at packing house were 36,96% for green spinach, 49,77% for water spinach, and 34,92% for chinese cabbage. The percentage of vegetable wastes that has been reduced by packing house were 1,8% for green spinach, 4% for water spinach and 3,5% for chinese cabbage. AHP was need to select the best strategic option among the five options, namely implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP), demand-based production, implementation of packing house system, providing facilities and infrastructure for the implementation of cleaner production, and utilization of vegetable wastes for the economic products value. The result showed that packing house is the most important actor while the financial is the most important factor and implementation of Good Agricultural Practices (GAP) is the best strategy option for cleaner production implementation.
Keyword: vegetable wastes, horticulture industry, cleaner production, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Logistic chain

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix