Judul: Pemberian sinbiotik dengan dosis berbeda untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan dan sistem imun benih ikan patin Pangasius sp.
Abstrak: Catfish (Pangasius sp.) is one of freshwater commodity which has high economic value. One of problems which often faced by the cultivator in catfish production is the problem of diseases. The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of giving synbiotic with different doses in feed to increase the growth and immune responses on catfish fingerlings. The probiotic used is NP5 (Bacillus sp.), and the prebiotic used is oligosaccharides extracted from sweet potato Sukuh variety. The catfish fingerlings used has average of weight 0,43±0,06 gram and average of length 3.55±0.17 cm, and it was kept as many as 3 fish/liter in aquarium which (30x25x25) cm3 and filled with 10 liter of water. This research has been done in 4 treatments namely K (control), A (adding 0,5 dose of synbiotic), B (adding 1 dose of synbiotic), C (adding 2 dose of synbiotic). The result study shows that giving synbiotic in feed with different doses can give different increasing of growth and immune responses in catfish fingerlings. The catfish fingerlings given 1 dose of synbiotic showed the best increasing of growth and immune responses compared to the other treatments.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Probiotik Lactobacillus brevis dan Prebiotik Oligosakarida terhadap Respon Imun dan Resistensi Benih Patin Siam (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) Yang Diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Thai catfish (Pangasianodon hypophthalmus) is one of the important economic and cultivated fish species in Indonesia. while diseases caused by Aeromonas hydrophila often breakout and spread in catfish farming and sometimes cause large economic losses. Aeromonas hydrophila is a causative agent of motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS). The wide and frequent use of antibiotics in aquaculture for this diseases, has resulted in the development and spread of antibiotic resistance. The other alternative for this case were probiotics, prebiotics, and combined of probiotics and prebiotics (synbiotics). Probiotics are live microbial supplements that beneficially affect the host animal by improving its microbial balance. These strains commonly used as probiotics were Lactobacillus. Prebiotics are non-digestible food ingredients that stimulate the growth with selective of intestinal microbial like bifidogenic and lactic acidbacteria in the gastro-intestinal tract. Typically, the prebiotics consist of oligosaccharides, like fructooligosaccharide (FOS), dan galactooligosaccharide (GOS).The aim of this study was to evaluate of probiotic Lactobacillus brevis, prebiotic Oligosaccharides and synbiotics upon the population bacteria in the intestine, immune response, survival (SR), and growth rate (SGR) of Thai Catfish seeds (Pangasionodon hypophthalmus) which was infected by Aeromonas hydrophila. The study was carried out at the Fish Health Laboratory, Aquaculture Department of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science Bogor Agricultural University; College of Fisheries university Extension Programe; and Main Centre of Freshwater Aquaculture Development, on October – December 2012. The parameters were total number of Lactobacillus sp. in the gut, total number of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leucocyte, differntial leucocyte, and phagocytic activity, survival rate, growth rate, FCR (feed convertion ratio), and water quality. For in vivo test 5 (five) treatments and three replicated utilized, i.e. positive control (K(+)), negative control (K(-)), probiotic (Pro), prebiotics Oligosaccharides (Pre) and sinbiotics (Sin). One-way ANOVA was used to determine differences among the treatments. When a significant (p<0.05) difference was detected, the means were compared by use of Duncan’s multiple range test, and analysed by Xl-stat programe The results of the characteristics test showed that the species of probiotic and pathogen were Lactobacillus brevis and Aeromonas hydrophila respectively. In vivo test was carried out in 5 (five) treatments, i.e. positive control (K(+)), negative control (K(-)), probiotic (Pro), prebiotic (Pre) and synbiotic (Sin). The results showed that the total number of Lactobacillus sp. in the gut were between vi 101-106 (CFU/gr) and the total number of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, leucocyte, differntial leucocyte, and phagocytic activity have shown significant different (p<0.05) with control at the some times. The treatments of Sin, Pre, Pro and K(-) were at 100% in survival rate (SR), while K(+) was (43.33 ± 11.55)%. The growth rate showed significant different (p<0.05), with the highest value was on Sin treatment (3,37 ± 0.14)%. The FCR of Pro, Pre, and Sin were 1,414±0,13; 1,431±0,08 and 1,305±0,08. This fact suggested that Sin was better than the other treatments in immune respon at total erythrocyte, hemoglobin, hematocrit, and total leucocyte.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite