Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan Alat Mesin Pertanian Pada Budidaya Padi Terhadap Produktivitas Energi Manusia di Kabupaten Sumenep
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kebutuhan alsintan serta produktivitas energi dari budidaya padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analisis deskriptif menggunakan tahapan pengumpulan data, perhitungan data dan analisis data yang diperoleh dari sumber terkait. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan tenaga kerja maksimum yaitu sebesar 797 unit traktor roda dua untuk pembajakan, 1174 unit power wedder untuk penyiangan, 96 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan tenaga kerja minimum yaitu sebesar 875 unit traktor roda dua untuk pembajakan dan penggaruan, 1.414 unit power wedder untuk penyiangan, 90 unit knapsack power duster untuk pemupukan, 678 hand sprayer untuk pengendalian OPT, 187 combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Berdasarkan tiga kondisi kontribusi mekanisasi tersebut produktivitas energi yaitu sebesar 0,0168 kg GKP/kkal untuk kondisi aktual, 0,0371 kg GKP/kkal untuk kondisi simulasi ketersediaan tenaga kerja maksimum dan 0,1151 GKP/kkal untuk kondisi simulasi ketersediaan tenga kerja minimum., This study aims to determine the need of machinery and energy productivity for rice cultivation. This research was conducted by using descriptive analysis method with the stages of data collection, data calculation and data analysis obtained from related sources. Machine requirements in conditions of maximum labor availability are 797 units of two-wheel tractors for plowing, 1,174 units of power wedder for weeding, 96 units of combine harvester for harvesting. While machine and equipment needs in conditions of minimum labor availability are 875 units of two-wheel tractors for plowing and harrowing, 1,414 units of power wedder for weeding, 90 units of knapsack power duster for fertilization, 678 hand sprayers for opt control, 187 combined harvesters for harvesting. Three conditions that contribute to mechanization are energy productivity which is 0.0168 kg GKP/kcal on actual conditions, 0.0371 kg GKP/kcal on simulated conditions of maximum labor availability and 0.1151 GKP/kcal on simulated conditions of minimum labor availability
Keyword: alsintan, padi, produktivitas energi, energy productivity, agricultural machinery, rice

Judul: Requirement Analysis of Agricultural Machinery on Rice Cultivation Based on Physical Workload in Wonogiri Regency
Abstrak: Aktivitas budidaya padi mengharuskan petani sebagai sumber tenaga utama menerima beban kerja. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada peran alsintan untuk meringankan beban kerja petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kebutuhan alsintan serta produktivitas energi dari kegiatan budidaya padi. Secara umum, tahapan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, perhitungan data, dan analisis data dengan metode deskriptif. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan petani maksimum adalah sebesar 303 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 865 unit power weeder untuk penyiangan, dan 41 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Sementara itu untuk kondisi ketersediaan minimum, kebutuhan alsintannya sebesar 481 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 1.257 unit power weeder untuk penyiangan, 61 unit knapsack power duster untuk pemupukan, dan 164 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Produktivitas energi petani pada ketiga kondisi tersebut masing-masing adalah 0,04 kgGKP/kkal untuk kondisi aktual, 0,05 kgGKP/kkal pada kondisi petani maksimum, dan 0,13 kgGKP/kkal untuk kondisi ketersediaan petani minimum., Rice cultivation activities require farmers as the main source of labor to receive workload. Therefore, there needs to be a role of agricultural machinery to ease the workload of farmers. This research aims to determine the needs of agricultural machinery and energy productivity of rice cultivation activities. In general, the stages in this study are data collection, data calculation, and data analysis with descriptive methods. Agricultural machinery needs in maximum farmer availability conditions are 303 units of transplanter for planting, 865 units of power weeder for weeding, and 41 units of combine harvester for harvesting. Meanwhile, for minimum availability conditions, the needs of agricultural machinery are 481 units of transplanter for planting, 1.257 units of power weeder for weeding, 61 units of knapsack power duster for fertilization, and 164 units of combine harvester for harvesting. Farmers' energy productivity in these three conditions is 0,04 kgGKP/kcal for actual conditions, 0,05 kgGKP/kcal in maximum farmer conditions, and 0,13 kgGKP/kcal for minimum farmer availability conditions.
Keyword: agricultural machinery, the productivity of energy, rice, workload

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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