Judul: Potency of Pineaple (Ananas comosus) waste as Forage  Subtitute for Ruminants
Abstrak: Limbah nanas digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari kulit nanas dan mahkota nanas. Limbah nanas dapat digunakan sebagai pakan pengganti hijauan. Limbah nanas memiliki nilai gizi yang baik yaitu 86.12% bahan kering, 15.97% abu, 13.84% serat kasar, 6.80% protein kasar, dan 1.65% lemak kasar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis potensi limbah nanas sebagai pakan pengganti hijauan untuk ternak ruminansia. Uji akseptabilitas menggunakan analisis deskriptif statistik yaitu 4 ekor domba jantan yang berada di ST Farm diberi pakan selama 4 hari sehingga diperoleh hasil pakan terbaik berupa segar dan silase limbah nanas. Silase memiliki daya terima yang tinggi yaitu sebesar 94.50 ± 6.56 gram. Limbah nanas mempunyai potensi sebagai pakan alternatif pengganti hijauan pada saat ketersediaan hijauan berkurang di musim kemarau. Pengolahan limbah nanas menjadi silase menghasilkan aroma, warna, dan tekstur yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan limbah nanas segar, kering, maupun berbentuk mash. Akseptabilitas limbah nanas sebagai pakan alternatif pengganti hijauan lebih disukai oleh ternak domba dalam kondisi segar dan silase., Pineapple waste used in this study consists of pineapple skin and crown. Pineapple wastecan be used as forage substitute. It has good nutritional values which contains 88.95%, 3.82%, 27.09%, 8.78%, and 1.15% of dry matter, ash, crude fiber, crude protein, and crude fat consecutively. The purpose of this study was to examine the potential of pineapple waste as a forage substitute for ruminants. Based on acceptability test using statistic descriptive analysis, four rams in ST farm were fed fresh, dried, mashed, and ensilaged pineapple waste alternately for four days, the resultshowed fresh andpineapple wastesilageaccepted by rams in ST Farm. Pineapple wastesilage had a high acceptability rate, equal to 94.50 ± 6.56 gram/days. Pineapple waste can be used as an alternative feed substitute for forage during the dry season for ruminants. Silage produce better aroma, color, and texture compared to fresh, dried and mashed pineapple waste. Fresh and silage pineapple wastewere more preferable as forage substitute.
Keyword: acceptability, forage, nutrition, pineapple waste, sheep, silage

Judul: Utilization of Pineapple Waste (Ananas Comosus) as a Field Grass Substitute in Complete Rations Wafer
Abstrak: Dibeberapa sentra produksi nanas, limbah nanas belum banyak dimanfaatkan padahal ketersediaan dan kandungan nutriennya cukup baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan taraf terbaik penggunaan limbah nanas (Ananas Comosus) sebagai substitusi rumput lapang pada pembuatan wafer ransum komplit. Rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yaitu P0: tanpa limbah nanas (kontrol), P1: substitusi rumput lapang dengan limbah nanas 50%, P2: substitusi rumput lapang dengan limbah nanas 100%. Peubah yang diamati adalah kualitas fisik, komposisi kimia dan daya terima domba terhadap wafer ransum komplit. Data uji fisik dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA), sedangkan komposisi kimia dan daya terima menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Penggunaan limbah nanas sebagai sumber serat dapat menggantikan rumput lapang sampai dengan taraf 50% pada wafer ransum komplit berdasarkan uji kualitas fisik (aktivitas air, kadar air, berat jenis dan wafer durability index), komposisi kimia dan daya terima. Kata kunci: akseptabilitas, hijauan, kualitas fisik, limbah nanas, wafer ransum komplit, Inseveral pineapple production centers, pineapple waste is not widely used although its availability and nutrient content are quite good. This study was aimed to analyze the best level of pineapple waste (Ananas Comosus) to substitute field grass fiber in complete rations wafer. The experimental design in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications, namely P0: without pineapple waste (control), P1: field grass substitution by 50% of pineapple waste, P2: field grass substitution by 100% of pineapple waste. The observed variables were physical quality, chemical composition and acceptability of sheep to complete rations wafer. Physical test data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), while chemical composition and acceptability by descriptife analysis. The use of pineapple waste as a source of fiber can replace field grass up to 50% in complete wafer rations based on physical quality tests (water activity, moisture content, density and wafer durability index), chemical composition and acceptability. Keywords: acceptability, forage, physical quality, pineapple waste, complete rations wafer
Keyword: acceptability, forage, physical quality, pineapple waste, complete rations wafer

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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