Judul: Potato Farm Profit Analysis Irrigation System of Sprinkler and Surface in Pangalengan Subdistrict, Bandung
Abstrak: Jawa Barat menempati posisi ketiga sentra produksi kentang terbanyak di Indonesia, Kecamatan Pangalengan di Kabupaten Bandung menyumbang produktivitas tertinggi terhadap produktivitas kentang di Jawa Barat. Harga yang diterima oleh petani sangat berfluktuatif dan berpengaruh terhadap keuntungan petani. Saat panen raya, ketersediaan kentang melimpah sehingga harga yang diterima petani kecil. Tetapi, saat musim kemarau ketersediaan terbatas dan harga lebih tinggi. Maka dari itu, perlu mengusahakan kentang pada musim kemarau dengan pemanfaatan irigasi yaitu irigasi sprinkler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur biaya, keuntungan, dan efisiensi dengan metode analisis keuntungan dan uji beda T-test. Keuntungan total dari usahatani kentang dengan irigasi sprinkler sebesar Rp56.587.381/0,5 ha/musim, angka ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan irigasi permukaan sebesar Rp27.735.855/0,5 ha/musim. Efisiensi rasio R/C biaya total irigasi sprinkler lebih besar yaitu 1,45 dibandingkan dengan irigasi permukaan yaitu 1,24. Terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan pada penerimaan, keuntungan, dan R/C total. Tetapi, tidak terdapat perbedaan pada biaya total., West Java is the third position as the largest potato production center in Indonesia, Pangalengan Subsdistrict in Bandung Regency contributes the highest productivity to West Java’s potato productivity. Prices received by farmers are highly fluctuating and influence farmers profits. During the peak harvest season, the avaibility of potatoes is abundant, resulting in low prices for farmers. However, during the dry season, availability is limited and prices are higher. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate potatoes in the dry season by utilizing irrigation, namely sprinkler irrigation. This study aims to analyze the cost structure, profit, and efficiensy using the profit analysis method and T-test. The total sprinkler irrigation amounted to Rp56.587.381/0,5ha/season, this figure is higher than that of surface irrigation of Rp 27.735.855/0,5ha/season. The efficiency of the R/C ratio of the total cost of sprinkler irrigation potato farming is greater at 1,45 compaed to surface irrigation at 1,24. There were significant differences in revenue, profit, nad total R/C. However, there was non difference in total cost.
Keyword: farm income, efficiency farm, potato, sprinkler irrigation.

Judul: The Differences in Rice Farming Income with Irrigation and Non-Irrigation Systems in West Java Province
Abstrak: Irigasi merupakan bagian dari intensifikasi atau perbaikan teknologi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas dan produksi padi agar petani memperoleh pendapatan yang lebih besar. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatan petani dengan sistem irigasi dan non irigasi serta perbedaan pendapatan petani padi dengan sistem irigasi dan non irigasi di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder Sensus Pertanian 2013 (ST2013): Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Padi Tahun 2014 oleh Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dengan jumlah responden 7854 petani. Metode pengolahan dan analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis pendapatan usahatani dan uji beda Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pada usahatani lahan irigasi pendapatan atas biaya total yang didapat adalah Rp 5.285.384,60 dan pada usahatani padi lahan non irigasi lebih kecil yaitu sebesar Rp 307.539,03. Nilai p-value pendapatan atas biaya total adalah 0,188 sehingga tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata antara pendapatan usahatani padi dengan sistem irigasi dan non irigasi karena nilai tersebut lebih besar dari alfa yaitu 0,05., Irrigation is part of the intensification or improvement of technology to increase rice productivity and production so that farmers earn higher income. This study aims to analyze farmer's income with irrigation and non-irrigation systems and the difference in rice farming income with irrigation and non-irrigation systems in West Java Province. This study used secondary data from the Sensus Pertanian 2013 (ST2013): Survei Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Padi Tahun 2014 by Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) with 7854 farmers as respondents. The data processing and analysis methods used were farm income analysis and the Mann-Whitney test. The results showed that in irrigated land farming, the income from total cost was Rp 5.285.384,60; in non-irrigated land farming, it was smaller, Rp 307.539,03. The p-value of income over total cost is 0.188, so there is no statistically significant difference between the income of rice farming with irrigation and non-irrigation systems because this value is higher than alfa 0.05.
Keyword: farming analysis, farm income, irrigation, rice farming

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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