Judul: The integration strategy of corporate culture with competition strategy on the oil palm agroindustry
Abstrak: Dynamic business environment progressively leads the companies of oil palm agroindustry (OPA) to improve their competitiveness by participation building to every constituent at OPA’s business strategy. The constituents’ participative behavior is formed when corporate culture (CC) values and strategy policies are executed consistently. Organizational strategies which integrate CC with competition strategies are needed to improve constituents’ participation for increasing the OPA’s competitiveness. These research’s background was from the behavioral problems of plasma (farmers) and nucleus constituents those found at preresearches that was constituents’ attitude to sale fresh fruit bunches, job discipline, job quality, training and development, innovation and invention, expenses management, leadership, learning and knowledge, decision making, and appreciations to constituent’s achievement. These problems were used to compile framework of these researches. The research objectives were to find organization strategy forms that integrated CC with competition strategy, and to formulate direction of organizational management policies based on human and tasks considerations. To support these objectivities, studies were conducted on CC factors that covered values, CC creators and CC objectives, and 4 competition strategy (CS) types there were cost leadership, differentiation, cost focus and differentiation focus. Fieldworks were done by interview, observation and primary data collection by questioner at Jambi, Tebingtinggi, Malingping, Makassar and Burau with sampling technique by purposive judgment sampling. Hypothesis test of the CC factors relationships with competition strategies used general linear model multivariate method, while direction of integration strategy policies were being formulated from the hypothesis test results and dendogram analyses., Lingkungan bisnis semakin dinamis sehingga menuntu t perusahaan agroindus- tri kelapa sawit (AKS) untuk meningkatkan daya sain gnya. Peningkatkan daya saing dapat dicapai melalui partisipasi setiap konstituen pada pelaksanaan strategi bisnis AKS. Perilaku partisipasi konstituen terbentuk apab ila nilai-nilai budaya perusahaan (BP) dan kebijakan strategi dilaksanakan secara kon sisten. Dalam rangka me- ningkatkan daya saing AKS, partisipasi konstituen p erlu dikembangkan melalui strategi organisasi yang mengintegrasikan BP dengan strategi bersaing
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Judul: Studi implementasi konsep keunggulan bersaing dalam pemilihan strategi pemasaran perusahaan pada industri oleokimia  : studi kasus pada industri hilir minyak kelapa sawit di PTP Agrintara, Jakarta
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh 2 fenomena penting yang menandai perkem- bangan industri minyak kelapa sawit nasional dewasa ini. Pertama, keberhasilan pening- katan laju pertumbuhan produksi CPO ternyata belum sepenuhnya diikuti dengan upaya pengembangan industri hilirnya. Hal ini, mengakibatkan nilai tambah yang hyang terjadi pada: proses pengubahan bahan lebih banyak dinikmati oleh negara konsumen. Padahal, nilai tambah tersebut diperkirakan mencapai Rp 20.000,00 hingga Rp 50.000,00 per ton CPO (Lukmana, 1995; Lubis dan Naibaho, 1995). Sementara, 90 persen dari setiap ton CPO berpeluang untuk diolah menjadi produk hilirnya, yakni oleokimia (CIC, 1995). Disam- ping itu, perkembangan harga CPO yang berfluktuasi mengikuti siklus 5-7 tahunan dan cenderung menurun akan berdampak kurang menguntungkan jika industri minyak kelapa sawit hanya mengandalkan ekspor produk primer tersebut (Oil World, 1993; Pulungan, 1994; Dradjat dan Buana, 1995). Kehia, disepakatinya General Agreement on Tarif and Trade (GATT) pada tahun 1993 mengarahkan dunia pada era perdagangan bebas. Hal ini akan semakin memperkuat akses minyak kelapa sawit terhadap pasar dunia sejalan dengan berkurangnya hambatan-hambatan tarif dan non tarif lintas negara dan sebagai konsekuensinya, persaingan pun semakin meningkat (Basiron, 1993) Dengan demikian, pengembangan industri oleokimia berbahan baku CPO dalam kerangka pengembangan industri hilir minyak kelapa sawit penting untuk dilakukan dan harus disertai upaya-upaya peningkatan daya saingnya, diantaranya melalui penelaahan terhadap konsep keunggulan bersaing beserta implementasinya dalam pemilihan strategi pemasaran perusahaan pemain industri oleokimia tersebut. Secara spesifik, penelahaan ini bertujuan untuk (1) mempelajari konsep dan sumber-sumber keunggulan bersaing peru- sahaan, (2) mempelajari model hirarki pemilihan strategi pemasaran perusahaan dan (3) memilih strategi pemasaran perusahaan. Berdasarkan cakupan bersaing perusahaan, maka penelaahan dilakukan dalam fokus industri oleokimia asam lemak dan gliserin.
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Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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