Judul: Kajian Perencanaan Pengembangan Usaha Tani Berbasis Murbei Berkelanjutan di DAS Lawo
Abstrak: Conversion of forest land to agriculture land without adequate soil and water conservation has resulted in increasing soil erosion and decreasing land productivity. Forest conversion to Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo watershed with inadequate soil and water conservation has increased the frequency and intensity of floods, decreased production of Mulberry leaves, and increased the extent of degraded land. The aim of this study were to (1) analyze the biophysical characteristics of Lawo Watershed for developingMulberry based farming systems, including evaluation of appropriateness of land capability with land user using USDA method and erosion prediction using USLE method; 2) analyze and develop sustainable Mulberry based farming system with characterized by the increasing farmer’s income that can support life wartheel living standard, using descriptive method of calculation; (3) develop optimal and sustainable mulberry based farming systems in Lawo watershed using multiple goal program method.. The results showed that Lawo watershed consists of 25 land unit (LU) with land capability class of class III, IV, and VI. The constraint factors for agriculture development are moderate to steep slope (l) and moderate erosion (e). Land characteristics in Lawo watershed is suitable for developing the mulberry (Morus sp) based farming systems. The type of mulberry based farming systems consists of monoculture farming system with 10 time harvest year-1 (M1), monoculture farming system with 6 harvesting time year-1 (M2), irregular-multi crop mulberry farming system mixed with other crop such as banana (M3), and mulberry farming system with cocoa (M-C). Results of the study showed that M1 plot has the lower run off and erosion (run off = 10.2 mm , 10.1 % from total rainfall and erosion = 0.3 ton ha-1). Run off and erosion from all Mulberry based farming system are lower than that from corn agriculture plot (run off = 33.3 mm, CA= 28.7%, dan erosion = 1.4 ton ha-1). The average size of Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo Watershed is one ha per farmer, the average size of household is 4 person per household, and the worthed living standard is Rp 28 350 000 ha-1kk-1year-1. Mulberry based farming system which were carried out by farmers were not sustainable because their income Rp 4 094 600 - 11 594 000 kk-1tahun-1 were only lower than worthed living standard and its erosion 53 ton ha-1 - 318.9 ton ha-1 were greater than tolerable erosion of 36.9 ton ha-1 - 43 ton ha-1. Therefore, the existing farming systems should be improved. The analysis showed that sustainable Mulberry based farming systems in Lawo Watershed can be achieved by fertilizer application both in-organic and organic fertilizer. The combination of fertilizer from caterpillar waste amounted to 1 kg plant-1 + 20 g TSP and KCl with soil application of 6 ton ha-1 rice straw mulch for slope less than 6% and grassed ridge terrace should be constructed on land with slope 12 - 18%. To increase farmer’s income, the Mulberry based farming system should also raise Goat (PE) at least 5 goats per year. The multiple goal program analysis showed that the optimal and sustainable mulberry based farming systems
Keyword: agrotechnology, erosion, income, land use, Mulberry

Judul: Perencanaan penggunaan lahan dan pengembangan usahatani berbasis kopi untuk sistem pertanian berkelanjutan di DAS Ketahun Hulu Provinsi Bengkulu
Abstrak: Ketahun Hulu watershed is part of Ketahun watershed, administratively it is mainly located in Lebong district and a small portion of it is located in North Bengkulu and Rejang Lebong districts of Bengkulu province. This study was aimed to identify landuse and agrotechnology characteristics in Ketahun Hulu watershed, and to arrange land use planning and coffee based farming development for sustainable agricultural systems in the Ketahun Hulu watershed. To achieve a sustainable agriculture, there are 3 (three) indicators that should be fulfilled : a) total farmer’s income should be high enough support a life worth living, b) erosion should be less than tolerable soil loss (ETol), c) agrotechnologies should be acceptable and replicable to the farmers. This study was focus on intensive observation sites covering 14,844 hectares located in one of sub watershed that represent characteristics of the watershed. Land capability was evaluated using Klingebiel and Montgomery method, erosion was predicted using USLE equation developed by Wishmeier and Smith (1978), and farming income was analyzed using cash flow analysis method. Results of this research showed that predicted erosion in the existing cropping pattern and agrotechnologies in Ketahun Hulu watershed generally greater than ETol; it ranged from 2,47 – 683,18 tons/hectare/year while ETol was ranged from 13,45 – 36,38 tons/hectare/year. Total incomes of farmers were much lower than a decent income (Rp. 18.000.000,-/householder/year). Alternative agrotechnologies to meet the indicators of sustainable agricultural systems were recommended with two alternatives. To increase farmer’s income to meet the income of decent living, the source of income such as livestock was introduced in to the existing farming systems. Simulation of agrotechnologies show that alternatives of agrotechnology can reduce erosion to lower than ETol and to increase farmer’s income up to a decent income. Alternative agrotechnolgy 1 which consisted of grass strip plus litter mulch, fertilizer and livestock including 30 chickens and 5 goats can reduce erosion to lower than ETol (2,45 – 22,77 tons/hectares/year) and increase farmer’s income up to a decent living (Rp. 18.855.000,- to Rp. 24.915.000,-/householder/year). Alternative agrotechnology 2 which consisted ridge terrace plus litter mulch, fertilizer and livestock including 30 chickens and 5 goats can reduce erosion to lower than ETol (2,47 – 22,77 tons/hectares/year) and increase farmer’s income up to a decent living (Rp. 18.635.000,- to Rp. 24.695.000,-/householder/year). Spatial planning of recommended agrotechnologies was extrapolated into the watershed in Ketahun Hulu Watershed.
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Judul: Pengujian Virus Newcastle Disease Gen VII Isolat Lapang Sebagai Virus Standar Pada Uji Tantang Vaksin
Abstrak: This study was conducted to determine the standard of Newcastle disease virus Gene VII field isolate as a virus challenge to vaccine test. A virus suspension that has previously been tested by HA test then titrated with EID50 using 30 Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) of 10 day old chicken embryonated eggs. In addition, chicken lethal dose50 (CLD50) test were used to determine the virus titer that could cause 50% death of the chicken population. The CLD50 test was used 25 day-old-chickens (DOC) divided into 5 groups. The virus was diluted from 10-1 to 10-8. The 104 to 10-8 dilution of NDV was infected to every group of chicken via eyedrop and intranasal with 0.1 ml/chicken dosage. Haemagglutination test showed that the allantoic fluid were contain high titers of NDV is 512 HAU. The infective NDV that had been titrated by EID50 test showed the virus titers is 109 EID50/0.1 ml or 1010 EID50/ml and the virus titers of CLD50 test e.i 106.48 CLD50/0.1 ml or 107.48 CLD50/ml. These results can be concluded that the NDV Gene VII field isolates were most appropriate to be used as a standard virus to vaccine test
Keyword: Newcastle Disease Virus Gene VII, HA tes, EID50 test, CLD50 test