Judul: Discharge and Sedimentation Prediction by MWSWAT Model In Upper Citarum Sub-Watershed, West Java Province
Abstrak: This research was conducted in Upper Citarum Watershed – Majalaya region, West Java province within 20 520.71 ha area, from Desember 2010 - June 2011. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to calibrate MWSWAT model using local data, (2), to predict discharge and sediment as hydrological response of land use condition using MWSWAT calibrated model and (3) to simulate MWSWAT calibrated model on several land use conditions. Spatial analysis showed 9 land use classifications were identified on Majalaya, such as: forest, industrial, residential, orchard, estate crops, agricultural land, pasture, paddy field, and shrubland. Farmland on Majalaya was dominated by vegetables (corn, leek, cassava, carrot, cabbage, potatoes and garlic), flowers and paddy. Simulation with MWSWAT calibrated model with climate data of May to December 2001 showed an accurrate and satisfy result with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) 0.54 and R2 0.69 for discharge prediction and R2 0.77 and NSE 0.51 for sediment prediction. Calibration proccess was done by adjusting 12 parameters which consists of 8 discharge parameters (OV_N, CN2, SOL_AWC, SOL_K, GW_DELAY, ESCO, ALPHA_BF and CH_K2), and 4 sediment parameters (LAT_SED, SPEXP, SLSSUBBSN, and USLE_P). The calibrated MWSWAT model was used to simulate land use 1994 and 2005 with climate conditions based on 2001. The simulation result showed that the land use 1994 had the lowest water yield (43.41 mm) and sediment yield 0.026 t/ha. Land use 2001 had the highest water yield (44.11 mm) and the lowest sediment yield (0.020 t/ha). Meanwhile, land use 2005 showed water yield 44.05 mm and sediment yield 0.10 t/ha. By comparing land use series 1994, 2001 and 2005, the results showed that several land use changes were happening. A lot of forest area were converted to plantation, orchard and agricultural land and it changed surface roughness, curve number (CN), and also crop factor (C), support practice factor (P), and soil erodibility factor (K) of USLE.
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Judul: Kajian respon hidrologi DAS keduang menggunakan model MWSWAT
Abstrak: The research was conducted in Keduang watershed (36.426,87 Ha) in Wonogiri district, Central Java Province. The purposes of this research were (1) to analyse hydrological characteristic and erosion of Keduang watershed, (2) to simulate land use scenario response on hydrological characteristic and erosion of Keduang watershed. MWSWAT model was applied to define Hydrologi Response Unit (HRU). Hidrologycal analysis was done with SCS Curve Number and erosion analysis used MUSLE method. This research simulated four land use scenarios consist of (1) existing land use of 2005, (2) increasing forest area based on Act of Forestry No.41/1999, (3) land use change based on spasial plan (RTRW) Wonogiri Regency, and 4) agrotechnology in dry land area. The model was calibrated by using daily flow discharge from January 1st to March 31st and November 1st to December 31st 2004 as well as January 1st to March 20th 2005. The model was calibrated by using monthly sediment discharge from January to December 2004 and January to March 2005.The calibrated MWSWAT model was statisfied by Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) e.i 0,56 (2004) and 0,45 (2005) for flow discharge, and 0,40 (2004) and 0,48 (2005) for sediment discharge respectly. Although the calibrated model had been statisfied, but the values were below 0,75. It was due to input parameters that calibrating model is less sensitive to obtain the output that highly corelated with data. Calibration process was done by adjusting few parameters that are alpha BF, GW Revap, RCHRG_DP, CHK2, CHN1, ESCO, CH-Cov, CH_EROD, LAT_SED, SPExp, SPCon and USLE_P. The simulation showed that river regim coefficient Keduang watershed is 467,9 (2004) and 58,30 (2005). The runoff coefficient was 0,35 (2004) and 0,30 (2005). The simulation based on four scenario had affected on overlandflow, interflow and base flow. The second scenario resulted lowest overlandflow of 711,14 mm, or decreased 7% from existing condition. The fourth scenario gave lowest sediment yield on 2004 and 2005. Erosion prediction by appliying sediment delivery ratio method showed that simulation on 2004 was 178.634,38 mm/ha/year or 0,04 mm/year, that is lower than observation (75.580.248,11 ton/ha/year or 17,98 mm/year). Tolerable soil loss in Keduang watershed was 1,34 mm/year, however soil erosion of Keduang watershed is higher than tolerable soil loss. Therefore, it needs mitigation to decrease soil erosion in Keduang watershed.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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