Judul: Analysis of Economic Impact and Tourism Carrying Capacity due to Covid-19 at  Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
Abstrak: Daerah Khusus Ibukota (DKI) Jakarta merupakan provinsi yang menerapkan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Kebijakan PSBB menyebabkan terjadinya penutupan seluruh aktivitas wisata selama dua bulan dan perubahan pendapatan di Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga Taman Mini Indonesia Indah (TMII). Setelah dibuka kembali, kawasan wisata ini menerapkan protokol kesehatan sesuai panduan Cleanliness, Health, Safety and Enviromental Sustainability (CHSE). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengestimasi dampak ekonomi sebelum dan sesudah Covid-19 di Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga, (2) Menghitung kapasitas daya dukung kawasan sebelum dan sesudah penerapan protokol kesehatan sesuai prinsip CHSE di Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga, (3) Menyusun strategi pengelolaan kawasan wisata Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga yang sesuai dengan panduan CHSE. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif, Loss of Earnings, dan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan menurunnya pendapatan dari pengelola wisata Dunia Air Tawar dan Museum Serangga, unit usaha dan tenaga kerja. Daya dukung kawasan wisata ini berada pada under carrying capacity dengan daya dukung kawasan sebelum Covid-19 sebesar 2.051 orang/hari dan 1.148 orang/hari setelah Covid-19. Alternatif strategi pengelolaan yang akan dilakukan adalah pengembangan Prosedur Operasional Baku (POB) kebersihan, kesehatan, keselamatan dan kelestarian lingkungan kawasan wisata., Jakarta is the provinces that implements the large-scale social restrictions (PSBB) policy. PSBB policy caused the closure of all tourist activities for two months thus impact to the income at Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Museum TMII. After reopening, this tourist area implemented health protocols according to the Cleanliness, Health, Safety and Enviromental Sustainability (CHSE) guidelines. The aims of this research are: (1) to estimate the economic impacts of Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Mueseum before and after Covid-19, (2) to calculate the carrying capacity of of Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Mueseum’s area before and after the implementation of the CHSE and health protocols, (3) to formulate the management strategy for Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Museum with the CHSE guidelines. The results of this research show that Covid-19 has caused a decrease of income in Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Museum, business units and labors. Dunia Air Tawar and Insect Museum are under carrying capacity, where the carrying capacity of this area before Covid-19 was 2.051 people/day and 1.148 people/day after Covid-19. The alternative management strategy chosen is the development of Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) for cleanliness, health, safety and environmental sustainability of tourist areas.
Keyword: Dunia Air Tawar, educational tourism area, Insect Museum, social distancing

Judul: The Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and the Health Protocols Carrying Capacity Based Tourism Management at Boonpring Andeman Malang
Abstrak: Pada akhir tahun 2019 terjadi kasus penyebaran virus corona (Covid-19) yang berdampak pada aktivitas ekonomi di Indonesia, dimana salah satu sektor ekonmi yang merasakan dampak yang besar adalah pariwisata. Dampak pandemic terhadap aktivitas wisata juga dirasakan di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman. Terlaksananya kegiatan wisata berbasis protokol kesehatan di Kawasan Wisata Boonpring Andeman dengan membatasi jumlah pengunjung dapat selaras dengan daya dukung kawasan agar kawasan wisata dapat berkelanjutan dengan menjaga keamanan, kenyamanan, serta kelestarian sumberdaya alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengestimasi dampak ekonomi dan lingkungan sebelum dan sesudah adanya pandemi di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman, (2) mengestimasi kapasitas daya dukung kawasan apabila terlaksananya upaya pembatasan sesuai protokol kesehatan Covid-19 di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman, (3) menganalisis pengelolaan wisata Boonpring Andeman yang adaptif terhadap pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan yaitu multiplier effect, analisis Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman menurun, sedangkan nilai Ratio Income Multiplier Tipe I dan II mengalami peningkatan. Kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman masih under carrying capacity dari segi fisiknya. Pengelolaan wisata yang adaptif terhadap pandemi Covid-19 dapat diterapkan di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman., At the end of 2019 there were cases of the spread of the corona virus (Covid-19) which had an impact on economic activity in Indonesia, one of which was from the tourism sector. This pandemic has implications for activities from the tourism sector, including in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area. The implementation of health protocols by limiting the number of visitors can be in line with the carrying capacity of the area so that tourist areas can be sustainable by maintaining security, comfort, and the preservation of natural resources. The objectives of this study are: (1) to estimate the economic and environmental impacts before and after the pandemic in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area, (2) to estimate the carrying capacity of the area if the restrictions are implemented according to the Covid-19 health protocol in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area, (3) analyzing the management of Boonpring Andeman tourism which is adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is the multiplier effect, analysis of Regional Carrying Capacity (DDK), and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the value of the Keynesian Income Multiplier in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area decreased, while the value of the Ratio Income Multiplier Type I and II increased. The Boonpring Andeman tourist area is still under carrying capacity from a physical point of view. Tourism management that is adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic can be applied in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area.
Keyword: carrying capacity, multiplier effect, new normal, physical and social restrictions

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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