Judul: Pembangunan Protokol Secret Sharing pada Metode Watermarking untuk Audio Digital
Abstrak: Digital watermarking is a technique to insert information, usually called a watermark, into digital data. The inserted information in general shows the ownership of digital data in order to copyright protection. Existing methods of digital watermarking can only deal with the copyright protection from only one owner. Joint ownership of a digital audio is proposed by adopting a secret sharing scheme in audio watermarking. This study discusses the implementation of Shamir's secret sharing scheme in the joint ownership for digital audio watermarking, including protocols for the insertion (embedding) watermark and protocols for detection ownership process (detection) watermark that meets one of the goals of cryptography is confidentiality. Furthermore, the owner of a digital audio referred to as the participants and the outcome of the process of secret sharing scheme is called shares. Performance of the method of Shamir's secret sharing scheme in the joint ownership watermarking for digital audio was tested by analyzing the properties of Shamir's secret sharing scheme and influence of the level of Lifting Wevelet Transform (LWT), which serves to form a region of the audio file to be inserted watermark, to the process of watermark insertion and watermark detection. This is because performing watermark detection requires the information of the level LWT that used to watermark insertion and LWT length where both of this informations may be known if we know the secret which is formed of shares owned by participants. The results show that joint ownership watermarking protocol that implements Shamir's secret sharing scheme provides confidentiality service where the process of insertion and detection requires a secret that formed by shares that are distributed to the participants confidentially. Thus Shamir's secret sharing scheme in the joint ownership for digital audio watermarking is one good solution to the problem of joint ownership of a digital audio because of the insertion and detection process involving all participants who are the owners of digital audio.
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Judul: Implementasi Audio Watermarking Menggunakan Metode DWT-SVD dengan Teks sebagai Watermark
Abstrak: The growth of data and network communication technologies has made digital data, such as audio, easier to be distributed illegally. Therefore, copyright protection becomes an important issue. Digital audio watermarking has been proposed as one of the possible solutions. It is a process of information insertion and extraction to and from an audio file without influencing the audio quality. Digital audio watermarking has been developed in several domains, such as time domain, frequency domain, and spatial domain. In this research, the audio watermarking has been implemented using DWT-SVD method that combines the frequency and spatial domain. This method works by combining the virtue of mathematical transform: the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Perceptibility and robustness of this method were analyzed using variance of watermark intensity and several attacks. It was found that the watermarked audio has good perceptibility at low watermark intensity of 0.1 to 0.3. Furthermore, the watermarked audio was found to be robust to some attacks namely amplify, invert, low pass filtering, high pass filtering, and resampling attacks at higher watermark intensity. Thus, this research proved the trade-off between perceptibility and robustness in digital audio watermarking.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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