Judul: Analysis of Agricultural Machinery Needs in Rice Cultivation in Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province
Abstrak: Faktor utama untuk meningkatkan produktivitas budidaya padi adalah manusia. Mengurangi beban kerja petani dapat meningkatkan produktivitas budidaya padi. Untuk mengurangi beban kerja petani diperlukan mekanisasi pertanian. Alsintan memiliki peran penting dalam meningkatkan efisiensi dan produktivitas pertanian, sehingga pemahaman yang tepat mengenai kebutuhan alsintan dapat membantu petani dalam mengoptimalkan proses budidaya padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kebutuhan alat dan mesin pertanian (alsintan) dalam budidaya padi di Kabupaten Toba, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah survei dan wawancara dengan petani padi di Kabupaten Toba dan sumber terkait. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar petani membutuhkan alsintan modern seperti power wedder, combine harvester, dan knapsack power duster. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan tenaga kerja maksimum yaitu sebesar 41 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 594 unit power wedder untuk penyiangan, 4 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan tenaga kerja minimum yaitu sebesar 67 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 1.283 unit power wedder untuk penyiangan, 633 unit knapsack power duster untuk pemupukan, 14 combine harvester untuk pemanenan., The main factor in increasing the productivity of rice cultivation was human labor. Reducing the workload of farmers could enhance the productivity of rice cultivation. To reduce the workload of farmers, agricultural mechanization was necessary. Agricultural machinery played an important role in increasing agricultural efficiency and productivity; thus, a proper understanding of the need for agricultural machinery could help farmers optimize the rice cultivation process. This study aimed to analyze the need for agricultural tools and machinery (alsintan) in rice cultivation in Toba Regency, North Sumatra Province. The research method used was surveys and interviews with rice farmers in Toba Regency and related sources. The results of the study indicated that most farmers needed modern agricultural machinery such as power weeders, combine harvesters, and knapsack power dusters. The need for agricultural machinery under the condition of maximum labor availability was 41 transplanter units for planting, 594 power weeder units for weeding, and 4 combine harvester units for harvesting. The need for agricultural machinery under the condition of minimum labor availability was 67 transplanter units for planting, 1,283 power weeder units for weeding, 633 knapsack power duster units for fertilization, and 14 combine harvester units for harvesting.
Keyword: rice cultivation, agricultural machinery and equipment, workload

Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan Alat Mesin Pertanian Pada Budidaya Padi Terhadap Produktivitas Energi Manusia di Kabupaten Sumenep
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kebutuhan alsintan serta produktivitas energi dari budidaya padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode analisis deskriptif menggunakan tahapan pengumpulan data, perhitungan data dan analisis data yang diperoleh dari sumber terkait. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan tenaga kerja maksimum yaitu sebesar 797 unit traktor roda dua untuk pembajakan, 1174 unit power wedder untuk penyiangan, 96 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan tenaga kerja minimum yaitu sebesar 875 unit traktor roda dua untuk pembajakan dan penggaruan, 1.414 unit power wedder untuk penyiangan, 90 unit knapsack power duster untuk pemupukan, 678 hand sprayer untuk pengendalian OPT, 187 combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Berdasarkan tiga kondisi kontribusi mekanisasi tersebut produktivitas energi yaitu sebesar 0,0168 kg GKP/kkal untuk kondisi aktual, 0,0371 kg GKP/kkal untuk kondisi simulasi ketersediaan tenaga kerja maksimum dan 0,1151 GKP/kkal untuk kondisi simulasi ketersediaan tenga kerja minimum., This study aims to determine the need of machinery and energy productivity for rice cultivation. This research was conducted by using descriptive analysis method with the stages of data collection, data calculation and data analysis obtained from related sources. Machine requirements in conditions of maximum labor availability are 797 units of two-wheel tractors for plowing, 1,174 units of power wedder for weeding, 96 units of combine harvester for harvesting. While machine and equipment needs in conditions of minimum labor availability are 875 units of two-wheel tractors for plowing and harrowing, 1,414 units of power wedder for weeding, 90 units of knapsack power duster for fertilization, 678 hand sprayers for opt control, 187 combined harvesters for harvesting. Three conditions that contribute to mechanization are energy productivity which is 0.0168 kg GKP/kcal on actual conditions, 0.0371 kg GKP/kcal on simulated conditions of maximum labor availability and 0.1151 GKP/kcal on simulated conditions of minimum labor availability
Keyword: alsintan, padi, produktivitas energi, energy productivity, agricultural machinery, rice

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
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