Judul: Induksi Embrio Zigotik Sekunder Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) dengan Berbagai Komposisi Media secara In Vitro.
Abstrak: Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) merupakan komoditas perkebunan yang prospektif di Indonesia. Kultur jaringan tanaman kelapa sawit bertujuan untuk menyediakan bibit dengan sifat – sifat agronomi yang unggul terutama rendemen CPO (Crude Palm Oil) kelapa sawit yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari jenis komposisi media dalam menginduksi embrio zigotik sekunder kelapa sawit untuk menghasilkan bibit klonal kelapa sawit kultivar Tenera secara in vitro. Bahan tanam yang digunakan yaitu eksplan embrio zigotik dari benih F1 yang diperoleh dari hasil persilangan antara Dura x Pisifera. Penelitian ini tersusun dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap dua faktor yaitu komposisi media ; S1 (Eeuwens and Blake + 0 μM 2,4-D + 107,41 μM NAA); S2 (Eeuwens and Blake + 45,24 μM 2,4-D + 107,41 μM NAA); S3 (MS + 18,79 μM NAA ) dan asal eksplan yaitu P1 (MS+100μM NAA); P2 (MS+50μM NAA); P3 (MS+25μM NAA); P4 (MS+100μM 2,4-D); P5 (MS+50μM 2,4-D); P6 (MS+25μM 2,4-D); P7 (MS+50μM 2,4-D+50μM NAA); P8 (MS+75μM 2,4-D +25μM NAA). Kultur embrio zigotik selama 30 MSP (Minggu Setelah Perlakuan) didapatkan hasil persentase total eksplan hidup 90,10%, eksplan aseptik 93,22%, eksplan terkontaminasi sebesar 6,77% dan eksplan mati sebesar 3,12%. Persentase ekplan yang membentuk kalus sebesar 0,52% yang terbentuk pada 10 MSP pada media S2P1. Persentase eksplan membentuk embrio zigotik sekunder sebesar 0% yang berarti tidak ada eksplan yang membentuk embrio zigotik sekunder. Pengujian tetrazolium dilakukan untuk menganalisis kondisi sel pada eksplan setelah dikulturkan dan didapatkan jumlah seluruh embrio yang sel-sel nya masih hidup yaitu sebesar (kelas 1, kelas 2 dan kelas 3) yaitu sebesar 54,17% dan terdapat 45,83% embrio yang sel-selnya mati (kelas 4). Hasil penelitian ini belum diperoleh media yang mampu menginduksi embrio zigotik sekunder dari embrio zigotik F1 kelapa sawit kultivar Tenera. Terdapat pengaruh nyata antara penggunaan jenis media dan asal eksplan terhadap kondisi jaringan embrio setelah dikulturkan selama 30 MSP yaitu bahwa komposisi media S1 merupakan media yang jumlah embrio hidup paling banyak dan asal eksplan P5 merupakan asal eksplan dengan jumlah embrio hidup yang paling banyak. Interaksi antara komposisi media dengan asal eksplan terbaik dalam menghasilkan jaringan embrio yang hidup yaitu S1P3, S1P7, S2P1, S2P6, S2P7, S3P3, S3P4 dan S3P7.
Keyword: Eeuwens and Black, Murashige and Skoog, Tenera, uji tetrazolium.

Judul: Keefektifan embriogenesis in vitro kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq. var. Tenera) dari eksplan daun muda, embrio zigotik matang dan bunga betina immature
Abstrak: Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important commercial crop for all the producer countries. It is the world‟s leading vegetable oil crop. In the last decade, the interest in palm oil as biofuel was eventually caused constraints on worldwide supply for edible palm oil. In addition, low production and lack of conventional seeds and seedlings are always observed from the potential producer countries. More than one hundred million of tissue culture plantlets are needed per year. Indonesia is the largest world producer country with about 23 million tons of palm oil per year. The study was carried out to find in short term the optimum medium for callus induction and somatic embryo formation from young leaves, mature zygotic embryo and immature female flower explants of oil palm (E.guineensis Jacq.) var.Tenera. Three different independent experiments related to explant sources of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) var. Tenera include young leaf, mature zygotic embryo and immature female flower explants isolated from 9 and 13 years old trees were investigated on somatic embryos production. These explants were inoculated onto solid modified MS and Eeuwens basal medium containing 107.41μM NAA and associated with 0, 22.62, 45.24 or 67.86 μM 2,4-D and onto another MS basal medium with high concentration 450μM picloram or 450 μM 2,4-D in the presence of 0,03% (w/v) activated charcoal to induce embryogenic calli. The percentage of oxidation was ranged from 25 to 100% for leaf explant and from 0 to 46.67% for zygotic embryo explant, while it was 100% for female flower explant. The level of contamination was varied from 1.11 to 100 % for leaf explant, from 0 to 35.56% for zygotic embryo explant, and 8.33 to 41.67% for female flower explant. After 28 weeks of culture, compact and pearly-white, globular callus was obtained from the leaf number five (L5). The media 2,4-D and NAA concentration (67.86 and 107.41μM) respectively combination was the optimal media for embryogenic callus induction, while the media containing only NAA (107.41μM) induced the highest percentage of calli formation (30.56%). After 36 weeks of culture, direct embryoids was obtained from leaf number six (L6) onto the media containing the combination of NAA (107.41μM) and 2,4-D (45.24 μM). According to zygotic embryo explant, the best result (7.90%) of embryogenic callus was achieved onto Eeuwens media containing NAA (107.41μM) after 28 weeks. Highest percentage (38.33%) of direct shoot development was also obtained from the same media NAA (107.41μM). For female flower explant no callogenesis was observed during the study period. After 4 subsequent subcultures onto the same medium with gradually reduction of auxin concentration, the embryogenic callus and embryoid cells from young leaves and mature zygotic embryo explants, failed to develop during the time require for this study.
Keyword: 

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
Keyword: