Judul: Impact of crop livestock system program on the allocation of working time, income and expenditures of household farmers
Abstrak: Integrated crop livestock system program with special reference to rice field and beef cattle is a potential alternative to support the development of agriculture sector in Indonesia. The implementati on on this integrated program was to enhance rice production and productivity through a system involving beef cattle with its goal on increasing farmers’ income. The impact of integrated crop li vestock systems program to household economy farmers was studied in order to identify factors that tend to affect farmer’s decision into adoption of th e crop livestock system program. The study also analyze factors influe ncing behavior of farmer’s decision-making along with its interrelation between decisions as well as with the impact of changes due to the internal and external policy options.
Keyword: Houshold economics, Crop, Livestock system, Working time, Income, Expenditure, Model rekursif, Model non rekursif

Judul: Cash liquidity in the adoption of new cropping systems in central Lampung Indonesia
Abstrak: Linear programming approach was utilized to determine the feasibility of new cropping systems which give the highest income to farmers subject to capital, labour and land constraints. The results of the optimal solutions in this study have shown that at the present levels of beginning capital, labor and land, improved experimental cropping patterns introduced by Central Research Institute for Agriculture (CRIA) dominate the patterns to be adopted. The results show that an increase in beginning capital causes a decrease in cultivated area of old or farmers' patterns. Increasing the level of interest rate affects the patterns to be adopted by shifting cultivated area of the improved experimental patterns to the farmers' patterns. The improved experimental patterns have not been adopted in the presence of beginning capital shortage as well as credit shortage. Under the present conditions of available resources without capital generation in the model, credit is an important constraint in the production process and that added credit adds to net income. The hypotheses that the present level of credit used is not at optimum level is thus accepted. Parameterizing of available credit indicates further acceptance of the hypotheses that increasing cash flow through short-term credit will increase farm income and land use. This study also suggests that the credit received must be allocated within two seasons in order to maximize farm income. This allocation is important if capital generation is not involved in the farm business. In other words, credit for the second season is a necessary factor in maximizing farm income or in adopting improved experimental patterns. The farmers have more income and wider area to be cultivated Loan if the maturity is extended to 12 months rather than 6 months, present loan maturity. The findings allow us to hypothesize that extending loan maturity will increase farm income due to a shortage of capital in the second season. However, the above findings come out with the assumption that no risk aversion involved in the farmers' decision in adoption new improved experimental cropping patterns. Those findings as an optimal solution of linear programming approach are based on the assumption that constant return to scale is a characteristic of function. its production The linearity assumption in the objective function also makes the model inapplicable for activities that are inversely related e.g. the increase in output results in the lowering of the market price, farm size and others. Therefore, in order to achieve the objective
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Judul: Sintesis Bahan Piezoelektrik Ba0.5Na0.5TiO3 – BaTiO3 dan Penambahan Gd2O3 dengan Metode Solid State Reaction
Abstrak: The synthesis of lead – free piezoelectric BNT – BT and addition Gd2O3 have done using solid state reaction. Synthesis of BNT – BT get a perovskite struktur with variation of % mol BT 3%, 7%, 12%. Diffraction pattern of 7% BT showed two peak ((002) and (200)) overlapping that is indicate transformation of phase from rhombohedral to tetragonal (MPB). Synthesis BNT – BT with addition Gd2O3 also a get perovskite struktur with variation of % weight Gd2O3 0.4%, 0.7%, 1%, 3%, 6%. Diffraction pattern of 0.4% Gd2O3 showed overlapping peak. At this komposition happen phase change from rhombohedral to tetragonal. At 0.4% - 0.7% komposition happen down significan point of c/a that is indicate in the komposition MPB of BNT – BT – Gd2O3
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