Judul: Peran ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) betina untuk merangsang pemijahan ikan tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus B.) dalam metode Cangkringan
Abstrak: Natural spawning in fish is more preferable than induce breeding. Cangkringan method offer an alternative that very close to natural spawning, since this method using spawning common carp to stimulate java carp to spawn. The stimulation most likely caused by pheromone which released from common carp. The use of pheromones in fish spawning has a highly practical because it can be applied without handling fish too much thus eliminating stress, and stimulate the endogenous normal processes of mature brood stock that eliminating failures in fertilization. Stimulation of spawning by pheromones potential to be developed further on mass spawner fish. The evidence of pheromones of common carp spawning in Cangkringan method may cause primary responses or releaser responses in Java carp to spawn, which in turn cause spawning of Java carp. In induce breeding, either by using hypophyzation technique or other gonadotropin hormone has several disadvantage. For using pituitary gland, the weakness are the loss of donor fish because it was taken their hypophysis, standardized pituitary gland extract is difficult to do because there are too many hormones involved, there are fears of an interaction among the hormones, and disease transmition. Spawning fish using Cangkringan method have several advantages such as reducing stress and avoid mortality risk, repeating inducer for spawning several times, and providing alternative to develop pheromones as an inducer. However, it is not clear until now the control of female common carp to induce spawning of Java carp in Cangkringan method. Therefore it is important to find the responsible pheromone in future. This study aimed to evaluate control of female common carp to induce spawning of Java carp in Cangkringan method. Each pair of Java carp was placed in the same tank with three common carp (♂♂♀ or ♀♀♀) injected or not injected with ovaprim. Between common carp and Java carp, they were separated by net. This study consist of three treatments, and two controls with three replications. The composition of this treatment were ♂ ♂ ♀ not injected (A), ♂ ♂ ♀ injected (B), ♂ ♂ not injected and ♀ injected ( C), ♀♀♀ injected (D) and ♀ ♀♀ not injected (E). Sampling for egg was conducted before the first injection by cannulation tecniques. Observation indicated that egg diameter ranged from 0.99 to 1.96 mm for common carp eggs, while the diameter of Java carp eggs ranged from 0.67 to 0.75 mm. Results of this study showed that fish which act as inducer spawning in Cangkringan method is common carp because Java carp would spawn only if common carp was spawn. The Java carp never spawn precedes before common carp. These results indicated that inducing of common carp on spawning of Java carp enabled due to ovulating heterosexual couple carp (♂♂♀) or ovulating couples monosex (♀♀♀). The fastest interval time induction of common carp on natural spawning of Java carp indicated by B3 treatment is 6 hours 55 minutes, then E3 is 6 hours 58 minutes, and C3 is 8 hours 5 minutes Analysis of testosterone and estradiol showed that testosterone concentration of male common carp and estradiol concentration
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Judul: Peran Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L.) Jantan dalam Merangsang Pemijahan Ikan Tawes (Barbonymus gonionotus B.) dengan Metode Cangkringan
Abstrak: A method to induce spawning in fish is a stimulation through other spawning fish which known as the Cangkringan method. This method is still a natural spawning that effective and safe for reducing stress, lowering mortality risk, and using common carp as inducer for spawning of Java carp (Zairin et al. 2005). The inducing system was developed by BBIS Cangkringan, Sleman, Yogyakarta in the early 1970's. This method is performed by using common carp spawning in the same tank with the java carp which is relatively difficult to be spawned. The results showed that Java carp will spawn following spawning of common carp. Pheromone released by common carp was suspected as a responsibile factor for java carp to spawn (Zairin 2003). The spawning behavior indicated the influenced of pheromones (chemical signals released by a type of fish) (Stacey and Sorensen 2005). The use of pheromones in fish breeding is very practical value because it can be applied without directly handling the fish, it reduce stress and stimulate normal endogenous processes that reduce spawning and fertilization failure. This condition only works on the parent good maturation. The spawning stimulated by pheromones is very potential to be developed in mass spawner fish (Zairin 2003). Therefore it should be developed to find the source of pheromones that can be used as an inducer on fish spawning. Nowadays, the role of male common carp in stimulating the java carp spawning by Cangkringan method is yet not understood. Based on the above problems it is necessary to study the role of male carp to stimulate Java carp spawning with Cangkringan method. The experimental design used RAL design consisting of five treatments with three replications. Each pair of Java carp parent were placed in the same tank with three common carp (either injected or not injected with ovaprim) as inducer with composition ♂♂♀ not injected (A), ♂♂♀ injected (B), ♂♂ injected ♀ not injected (C), ♂♂♂ injected (D), ♂♂♂ not injected (E). The results of this study showed that the inducer on fish spawning by Cangkringan Method is the common carp because the Java carp will spawned only after common carp spawn. In this study, the Java carp did not spawn before the common carp. The Java carp spawning was done to either by a heterosexual common carp (♂♂♀) or monosex (♂♂♂) spermiation. The resutls showed that the fastest spawning of java carp due to stimulation from common carp occurred in D treatment (3 hours 15 minutes) and C treatment (4 hours 17 minutes). Java carp spawnning were obtained 66.7 % for B (K +) treatment, 66.7 % for D, 33.3% for A, 33.3% for C and 0% for E treatment, respectively. Results of hormones analysis showed that the concentration of testosterone in males and estradiol in female common carp after spawing enable to determine spawning status of Java carp. Concentrations of 1.08 to 6.53 ng mL-1 testosterone enable to triger Java carp spawn naturally or to be stripped (treatment B3, C3, D3, A2, B1, and D1). Mean while, too low concentrations (less than 1 ng mL-1) in
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Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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