Judul: Gambaran Histopatologi Testis Mencit (Mus musculus) Pascainjeksi Busulfan Rute Intratestikular Bilateral sebagai Hewan Model Infertilitas
Abstrak: Infertilitas pada pria berkaitan dengan gangguan produksi, kualitas, dan trasportasi spermatozoa pada testis. Salah satu faktor penyebab infertilitas pada pria adalah efek samping kemoterapi menggunakan busulfan yang dapat merusak sel-sel spermatogenik pada testis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dampak busulfan terhadap kerusakan morfologi testis pada mencit setelah diinjeksi busulfan dengan rute intratestikular bilateral. Penelitian ini menggunakan 16 mencit jantan diinjeksi busulfan rute intratestikular bilateral dengan dosis 12 mg/kg BB. Perubahan histopatologi testis menggunakan potongan jaringan yang dipulas hematoksilin-eosin (HE). Pengamatan morfologi testis dilakukan pada minggu ke-2, 4, dan 6 pascainjeksi busulfan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa injeksi busulfan rute intratestikular bilateral menyebabkan penurunan signifikan pada kuantitas sel-sel spermatogenik yaitu spermatogonium, spermatosit, dan spermatid yang ditandai dengan menipisnya dinding tubuli seminiferi pada minggu ke-4 dan serta ketiadaan spermatozoa di dalam lumen tubuli pada minggu ke-6 pasca injeksi. Simpulan dari penelitian ini, injeksi busulfan intratestikular bilateral menyebabkan penurunan spermatogenesis yang progresif sebagai predisposisi infertilitas., Poor sperm production, quality, and transit cause infertility in men. Busulfan chemotherapy damages testicular spermatogenic cells, causing sterility in men. This study examines testicular tissue after bilateral intratesticular busulfan injections. For this study, 16 male mice were divided into control and treatment groups. Bilateral intratesticular busulfan injections at 12 mg/kg BW for the treatment group. HE-stained sections were used for testicular morphology at two, four, and six weeks after busulfan injection. The result indicated that injecting busulfan into both testicles dramatically reduced the quantity of spermatogenic cells, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids. The walls of the seminiferous tubules thinned in the fourth week, and there was azoospermia in the tubule lumen six weeks after the injection. Conclusively, bilateral intratesticular injection of busulfan results in a progressive decline in spermatogenesis, leading to infertility.
Keyword: busulfan, infertilitas, Injeksi intratestikular bilateral, Morfologi testis

Judul: Development of Animal Model of Male Infertility by Busulfan Injection via Bilateral Intratesticular Route in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Infertilitas pada pejantan merupakan ketidakmampuan untuk membuahi karena kualitas spermatozoa yang rendah, mempengaruhi gonad melalui perubahan hormonal dan kondisi metabolisme. Faktor lain yang dapat menimbulkan gangguan reproduksi dan infertilitas pada manusia disebabkan perilaku yang tidak sehat dan penggunaan obat anti kanker dalam jangka waktu lama. Salah satu obat kanker yaitu busulfan, berefek menghambat perkembangan spermatogonia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi efek busulfan terhadap karakteristik spermatozoa di kauda epididimis mencit (Mus musculus) setelah di injeksi busulfan dengan rute intratestikular bilateral. Mencit jantan dibagi menjadi dua kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan (ITB-M2, ITB-M4, dan ITB-M6) dengan total mencit 16 ekor. Injeksi busulfan rute intratestikular bilateral dengan dosis 6 mg/kg bb dapat mengakibatkan penurunan yang signifikan (p<0,05) pada testis. Busulfan memiliki efek pada penurunan viabilitas spermatozoa dan berat testis 2 minggu setelah injeksi, serta penurunan motilitas dan konsentrasi spermatozoa 6 minggu setelah injeksi., Infertility in males is the inability to fertilize due to low sperm quality, affecting the gonads through hormonal changes and metabolic conditions. Other factors that can cause reproductive disorders and infertility in humans are caused by unhealthy behavior and long-term use of anti-cancer drugs. One of the cancer drugs is busulfan, which has the effect of inhibiting the development of spermatogonia. This study aims to identify the effect of busulfan on the characteristics of spermatozoa in the cauda epididymis of mice (Mus musculus) after busulfan injection by the bilateral intratesticular route. Male mice were divided into two groups: a control group and a treatment group (ITB-M2, ITB-M4, and ITB-M6) with a total of 16 mice. A bilateral intratesticular injection of busulfan at a dose of 6 mg/kg body weight resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in the testicular. Busulfan had an effect on reducing spermatozoa viability and testicular weight 2 weeks after injection, then decreasing spermatozoa motility and concentration 6 weeks after injection.
Keyword: bilateral intratesticular, busulfan, cauda, infertility, spermatozoa

Judul: Identifikasi Daun Shorea menggunakan Voting Feature Interval 5 dengan Discrete Wavelet Transform
Abstrak: Shorea belongs to the Dipterocarpaceae family. Shorea wood is the best timber and has high commercial value in wood industrial trading. However, the large variety of Shorea becomes the main challenge for its identification. This research aimed at developing Shorea’s identification system using its leaves, by considering that leaf is more practical to identify, easily obtained, available all the time and is suitable for observations in the form of image. The system was developed by using Voting Feature Interval 5 based on Discreate Wavelet Transform. Ten species of Shorea were identified. It was revealed that the best accuracy was 71%.
Keyword: Voting Feature Interval 5, Shorea, Discreate Wavelet Transform