Judul: Pengembangan kandidat vaksin iradiasi Brucella abortus isolat lapang
Abstrak: Brucellosis is a strategic contagious animal disease in Indonesia, which is caused by Bru/:ella abortus (B. abortus). Brucellosis causes abortion, still birth, orchitis; arthritis, infertility and sterility lowering milk production. Eradication of cattle in many countries have been conducted by test and slaughter and vaccination programme. At the moment there are two vaccinations available to control bovine brucellosis; those are B. abortus S 19 and B. abortus RB51. One of the problems in the eradication is not enough a vaccine. The objective of this research was to develop irradiated brucellosis vaccine from B. abortlls local isolate through isolation, identification and biotyping B. abortus from field cases. Determination of B. abortus radiation dose and in vivo study was done in guinea pigs. The samples were collected from milk (Bandung, west Jawa), amnion fluids (diagnostic sample) and higroma fluids (Be1u, NIT). In this study we use three isolates that were SBDG-13C (milk), CAM-08/306 (amnion fluids), and CH09- BL (higroma fluids). Biotyping of the three isolates categorized as B. abortus biotype I. Standard curves of B. abortus was made by calculating bacteria cells number indirectly. Linear equation of the standard curve of SBDG- J3C; CAM- 08/306 and CH09-BL isolates were y = 7.2119x + 6.7723; y = 3.889lx + 7.5278 and y = 2.9829x + 7.9612 respectively (x is absorbance value and y is log number of cells/ml). Observation on the growth of the isolates after Gamma irradiation showed variation responses to the value LDso of isolate CAM-08/306, CH09-BL and SBDG-I3C were 13.5; 11.9, and 17.9 Gy, respectively. The in vivo study showed that the spleen of irradiation vaccinated guinea pigs was a swelling (splenomegaly) and contained 102 to 106 CFU bacteria. Based on the results, It seems likely that those three isolates have not been defined as candidate isolate for brucellosis vaccine.
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Judul: Kajian Infeksi Brucella Abortus pada Sapi Perah Menggunakan Metode Serologik dan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Abstrak: Brucellosis is an important zoonotic disease for public and animal health that causes significant economic losses. Widely applied brucellosis detection method are Rose bengal test (RBT) and complement fixation test (CFT) as screening and confirmation tests, respectively. This study was aimed to detect of Brucella abortus infection using serological and molecular tests, i.e., milk ring test (MRT), RBT, CFT, enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), and polymerase chain reaction(PCR). Milk, blood and serum were collected from a total of 64 dairy cattle with history of decreased milk production, vaccination, abortion, hygroma and retentio secundinae. The result showed that 64%, 34%, 45% and 26% samples were positive tested by MRT, RBT, CFT, and ELISA, respectively. The Kappa analysis showed that the confirmation CFT has poor to good agreement of 0.249, 0.511, and 0.710 with MRT, ELISA and RBT, respectively. None of blood and milk samples from serologically positive cattle were tested positive by PCR that could be due to the absence of bacteremia and bacterial shedding in milk. This finding suggests the presence of chronic infection among the studied animals, which characterized by high antibody levels in the absence of bacteria in the blood. Application of MRT and ELISA tests in parallel would increase the test sensitivity, while application of CFT and ELISA test or RBT and CFT in serial would increase the test specificity.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf