Judul: Kombinasi emulsi dan ultrasonikasi dalam nanoenkapsulasi ibuprofen tersalut polipaduan poli(asam laktat) dan poli(e-kaprolakton)
Abstrak: Polybend of poly(lactid acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone) was used to encapsulate ibuprofen drug. Encapsulationof ibuprofen in micron size have a limited penetration into tissues, therefore, the particle should have nanometer size. Nanoencapsulation of ibuprofen in this experiment was prepared by combining emulsification and ultrasonication in 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The encapsulation efficiency and size increased as the increased duration time of ultrasonication. The efficiency on ultrasonication duration of 30, 45, and 60 minutes were 4.51, 5.01, and 5.99%, respectively the produced capsules diameter ranged between 480 and 950 nm. The best duration of ultrasonication on prepation of nanocapsules was 60 minutes
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Judul: Pelepasan Ibuprofen dari Mikrokapsul Tersalut Paduan Lilin Lebah dan Poli(asam laktat) Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Ibuprofen as an anti-inflammatory drug has a short elimination rate which can causes gastric irritation. Microencapsulation technique can be used to overcome these problems and provide a better therapeutic efficacy through controlled drug release mechanism. In this research, microencapsulation of ibuprofen carried out by blending process and emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Ibuprofen was coated by blend beeswax and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with various compositions (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4) and concentration of gelatin (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) as an emulsifier. Efficiency of encapsulation performed in simulated intestinal medium pH 7.2. The highest value of ibuprofen encapsulation efficiencies was equal to 84.21% had been produced by microcapsules with ratio bees wax:PLA 6:4 and concentration of gelatin 2%. Release test of ibuprofen was performed by beeswax:PLA blend with ratio 8:2 and 6:4 produces the highest average percentage release about 15.31% and 19.25% at minute 225 in the same medium. The release pattern of ibuprofen had followed zero order kinetics model explaining that concentration of ibuprofen released relative constant for each release time. Observation of surface morphology of microcapsules using a scanning electron microscop (SEM) showed subtle bulges irregularly shaped scattered on its surface.
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Judul: Ekologi merak hijau jawa (Pavo muticus muticus) Linnaeus 1758 pada beberapa tipe habitat di Ujung Timur Penyebarannya Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak: Merak hijau jawa merupakan salah satu jenis burung yang dilindungi.di Indonesia berdasarkan SK Mentan No 66/Kpts/Um/2/1973 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 7 tahun 1999. Menurut ICBP (The International Council for Bird Preservation) merak hijau sebagai jenis burung yang tergolong terancam secara keseluruhan (globally threatened) baik populasi maupun habitatnya, sedangkan CITES mencantumkan merak hijau ke dalam Appendix II, merak hijau dari alam tidak bisa langsung diperdagangkan dan BirdLife International (2007) memasukkan golongan burung yang endangered. Tekanan terhadap populasi dan habitat merak hijau jawa sangat besar, sehingga kondisi populasinya menurun pada setiap penyebaran lokalnya, habitatnya terfragmentasi bahkan terisolasi. Tekanan terhadap populasi terutama karena perburuan liar. Namun demikian fakta menunjukan bahwa merak hijau jawa masih ada (exist), hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa burung ini tentunya memiliki strategi ekologi tertentu untuk tetap bertahan hidup di alam pada berbagai tipe habitat.
Keyword: Pavo muticus muticus, Call count transect method, Pavo cristatus, Pavo muticus, Pavo muticus spicifer, Pavo muticus imperator, Pavo muticus muticus, Javan Green Peafowl, East Java