Judul: Pra Peningkatan Skala Proses Nanoemulsifikasi Minyak Sawit dengan High Pressure Homogenizer
Abstrak: Palm oil is the most widely produced and traded edible oil in the world. Compared to other vegetable oils, palm oil has a superior nutrient content, such as carotenoids, which is contained 400-1000 ppm in crude palm oil. Carotenoids in palm oil has a high bioavalibility as it is present in a free form in the oil matrix. However, carotenoids in palm oil matrix has a low solubility in water so it is difficult to be added in food product. Nanoemulsion system is a solution to increase solubility and bioavailbility of the components. This study observed effect of emulsifiers and pressure on the characteristics and stability of the nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion was subjected to high pressure homogenizer at pressure of 100, 200, and 300 bar. Emulsifier which was used in this study is Tween 80 at a concentration of 20% and 30%. Increased of pressure and emulsifier concentration reduce the output flow rate. The use of Tween 80 with a greater concentration resulted smaller particle size and more stable nanoemulsion, but did not affect the levels of carotenoids. Higher pressure of the homogenizer resulted smaller particle size and lower carotenoid levels.
Keyword: pressure, particle size, nanoemulsion, emulsifier, carotenoids, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Teknik homogenisasi dan pra peningkatan skala proses mikroenkapsulasi minyak sawit
Abstrak: Palm oil is one of the very important commodities in Indonesia, however the utilization of palm oil as downstream products is remain limited. Palm oil has unique characteristics because of it's carotenoids amounting of 500-700 ppm. On the other hand, carotenoids are very sensitive to heat and oxidation. Microencapsulation by spray drying is one of the methods to protect those active components. Homogenization is the main process in the formation of an emulsion of palm oil before drying process. This process is influenced by speed, time and volume of homogenization. Results showed that the process of homogenization affect the quality and characteristics of emulsion and microencapsulate of palm oil. An increase in the scale of material volume and lenght of time does not affect significant the characteristics of microencapsulate palm oil such as water content, solubility and aw, but its will affect the emulsion stability, surface oil, carotene and efficiency of microencapsulation and also affecting the quality of microencapsulate.
Keyword: spray dryer, scale up, palm oil, microencapsulation, homogenization, carotene, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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