Judul: Technology model in broiler agroindustry partnership system
Abstrak: Technology management has in the last few years emerged as an important issue in companies. This kind of management encompasses four technological components, namely technoware, humanware, inforware and orgaware which are simply abbreviated as THIO. Each technological component contains various specified key factors which allegedly influence the attainment of a business success, particularly in a plasma broiler poultry breeder managed under the supervision as well as management of what so-called Perusahaan Inti Rakyat (PIR) or a core company. This study was aimed at unveiling the influence of the key factors belonging to each technological component toward the attainment of the business success in a plasma broiler supervised by the core company on the PIR. Field survey method by means of questionnaires were used to collect primary and secondary data of the core company whilst Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) method was used to analyze the data. During 2007-2009 period, field study was conducted to collect data from 27 well-managed plasma broiler in West Java’s regencies of Karawang, Subang and Indramayu under the supervision of PT Sahabat Ternak Abadi (STA) as a main company. Data analysis revealed that the technologies applied by STA were absolutely good and important to support the success of partnership being accomplished. Some of the key factors having significant influences on the partnership being accomplished were apparently the net profit, payback period and productivity growth. The Technoware component comprises three latent variables, i.e., the cage, the chicken treatment, and pest as well as disease control. Each latent variable was influenced by cage size included height (180 cm) and wall (200 cm), chicken’s mortality rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR) which in live with standard applied by main company, and cage management. The humanware component was determined by human technical ability, motivation, curiosity, sense of responsibility, goal-setting, readiness for changes, and work discipline. Meanwhile the inforware component was dictated by the type of information sources, internal information, external information, validity of the information and data, access to as well as ease of acquiring the information, information cost, communication channel, trust toward the information source, information value, and feed-back. Factors influencing the orgaware component is leadership style, self-motivation, drive for achievement, maturity, tasks assignment, responsibility, independence in work, planning ability, strategic thinking, pride in partnership, development opportunity, sensitivity to changes in business, technology orientation, willingness to be in a partnership with and balance in incentives and risks. Based on financial analyses, partnership enterprises is more beneficial than a self- managed broiler enterprises in the case of longevity and continuity. A farmer with 5,000 broilers per production cycle which were managed under the partnership pattern resulted in an annual average profit, losses, lower limit of profit, NPV and payback period of Rp33,991,776.30, 0.000058, Rp 33,987,866.20, Rp211,239,574.00 and four (4) years, respectively, whilst the self-managed pattern of the same production cycle produce in Rp29,577,620.00, 0,0000977, Rp29,571,840.00, Rp151,459,522.00 and six (6) years, respectively.
Keyword: Supply chain management, Sanitary and hygiene, Poultry production, Broiler agroindustry, Feed conversion ratio

Judul: The Effect of Entrepreneurial Activities of Broiler Farm on Business Growth in Indonesia
Abstrak: The world had entered the fourth civilization as the creative era that puts innovation as a driving force of economic growth. Innovation is an important element in entrepreneurship, so that entrepreneurial activity is the attribute key to the success of economic development, particularly in agriculture sector. Entrepreneurial activity has been described by Schumpeter in 1911 which stated that the incorporation of technological advances generated by the innovation made by economic actors (eg. agricultural companies) to maximize profits or utility. The main hypothesis of Schumpeter's theory of economic development that there are linkages between economic growth and entrepreneurship. As Indonesia is a country with great agricultural resources, the agricultural entrepreneurship can be a target of the agricultural economic development policy. One of the agricultural subsectors i.e. the livestock subsector has been growing rapidly. Among the livestock subsectors, broiler business has the highest growth. The broiler business started in the '80s, and the broiler's population has currently reached 2 billion. This is presumably due to entrepreneurial activities, i.e. great innovations in broiler farms such as the breed and feed technological innovations, and harvest acceleration is also drawn by innovative processed products of broilers. Therefore, entrepreneurship activities of broilers in economic growth with reference to Schumpeter's theory of economic development are required to be analyzed. Thus, the purpose of this study was to (1) Identify and analyze the effect of internal and external factors of broiler farms on entrepreneurial activity, (2) Analyze the effects of broiler farms entrepreneurial activity on business growth, and (3) Analyzing variability of broiler farms entrepreneurial activity and business growth in the three forms of broiler farm, ie firms, individuals, and partnerships. The research was conducted in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia for six months from November 2012 to April 2013. The research population was an Indonesian independent communal broiler farm (ICBF-peternakan broiler rakyat mandiri). The data of 381 broiler farmers that operated at the time of the study in Bogor were collected by sampling “census” technique. The primary data were collected through the questionnaires by face to face interview. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis method, namely Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and cross-tabulation analysis. SEM analysis is used to find the relationship between the variables of entrepreneurial activities of broiler farms and variables of economic growth. Cross-tabulation analysis is used to analyze the variability of entrepreneurial activity and economic growth in the form of firms, individuals, and partnership. SEM analysis results showed that the individual internal factors that effect the entrepreneurial activity of broiler farms are innovation and risk. Innovation formed by the contribution of research intensity (finding new things ) stronger than the innovation intensity (doing a better change). Morever, the farmers had a willingness to take the risk of loss and lost all their business assets. Internal factors that effect the entrepreneurial activity of broiler farm are production and labor. Production efficiency, ie the wasted lack of feed , the low of mortality, and timely harvest, relatively contributed higher than the production cost control. The labor attitude contributed higher than knowledge production of labor, because labor was getting tight
Keyword: entrepreneur, innovation, risk, production, labor, policies

Judul: Lumut Suku Dicranaceae Khususnya Dicranoloma di Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (Sumatra)
Abstrak: Lumut merupakan kelompok tumbuhan yang tidak memiliki berkas pembuluh. Tumbuhan ini memiliki peranan sebagai indikator kelembapan dalam ekosistem hutan. Dicranaceae merupakan kelompok lumut sejati yang umum ditemukan di hutan hujan tropis dataran rendah hingga hutan hujan pegunungan. Dicranoloma merupakan salah satu marga yang termasuk ke dalam suku Dicranaceae. Marga ini mudah dikenali di lapangan berdasarkan daunnya yang panjang dan kosta yang menyempit. Keanekaragaman jenis Dicranoloma yang telah dilaporkan di Sumatra hanya setengah dari total jenis yang diketahui berada di Malesia. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keanekaragaman Dicranoloma masih sedikit dilaporkan di Sumatra. Meski demikian, kawasan hutan hujan tropis di Sumatra telah berkurang karena perubahan penggunaan lahan. Taman Nasional Gunung Leuser (TNGL) merupakan kawasan konservasi yang menyediakan perlindungan bagi jenis tumbuhan termasuk lumut sejati. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi dan mencatat keanekaragaman Dicranaceae khususnya Dicranoloma TNGL dalam melengkapi daftar jenis lumut sejati Sumatra. Spesimen lumut sejati dikoleksi di sepanjang jalur pendakian di Gayo Luwes dari Rainforest Lodge Kedah hingga Puncak Angkasan di TNGL (1417-2925 mdpl). Spesimen di Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) juga diamati untuk melengkapi informasi yang dibutuhkan selama penelitian ini. Karakter morfologi pada fase gametofit dan sporofit digunakan untuk membuat kunci identifikasi dan deskripsi jenis yang tercatat di TNGL. Sebanyak 25 jenis Dicranaceae ditemukan di TNGL. Lumut tersebut tumbuh pada substrat yang bervariasi yaitu pada tanah, kayu lapuk, batang dan cabang pohon. Marga Dicranoloma memiliki variasi pada karakter gametofit yaitu perawakan (tegak atau menggantung), unting pusat pada batang (ada atau tidak), permukaan batang (rambut menggimbal banyak, rambut menggimbal sedikit, atau tidak ada rambut menggimbal), daun (bentuk, tepi ujung daun, ketebalan dinding sel alar, kehadiran papila pada abaksial kosta). Daun berbentuk membundar telur-melanset, menyegitiga, dan melanset. Tepi ujung daun halus, bergigi, dan bergigi ganda. Sel alar berdinding tipis atau berdinding tebal. Abaksial kosta dengan atau tanpa papilla. Variasi karakter sporofit yang diamati pada marga ini adalah jumlah seta tiap perikaetium, orientasi dan bentuk kapsul. Jumlah seta yaitu satu, dua atau enam tiap perikaetium. Kapsul menyilindris atau menyilindris-melengkung, tegak atau tercondong masuk. Terdapat 10 jenis Dicranaceae yang diketahui sebagai catatan baru untuk Sumatra yaitu Braunfelsia enervis, Braunfelsia edentula, Campylopus austrosubulatus, Dicranodontium asperulum, Dicranodontium uncinatum, Dicranoloma dicarpum, Dicranoloma eucamptodontoides, Dicranoloma rugifolium, Ditrichum flexicaule, Leucoloma amoene-virens, dan Dicranoloma sp. Jenis terakhir mirip dengan D. assimile tetapi berwarna kekuningan, tidak memiliki rambut menggimbal dan unting pusat. Tiga jenis catatan baru Dicranoloma menambah jumlah jenis Dicranoloma di Sumatra yang sebelumnya diketahui berjumlah tujuh jenis yaitu D. assimile, D. blumii, D. billardieri, D. braunii, D. brevisetum, D. daymannianum dan D. reflexum. Dicranoloma dicarpum sebelumnya hanya dilaporkan di New Guinea, Australasia dan Taiwan. Persebaran Dicranoloma eucamptodontoides sebelumnya mencakup Australia dan New Zealand sedangkan Dicranoloma rugifolium dilaporkan hanya dari New Guinea.
Keyword: Biodiversitas, Dicranaceae, Dicranoloma, lumut sejati, Sumatra