Judul: Eksplorasi dan identifikasi senyawa anti jamur dari beberapa jenis kayu tropis
Abstrak: Widely used wood preservation is made from synthetic chemistry, where the raw material is non-renewable and environmental unfriendly. One solution is to look for alternative preservations using certain extractive substances from a durable tropical wood as a wood preservative. The main objectives of this study were to determine the potential extractive substances in woods of kupa (Syzygium polycephalum (Mig)), pelawan (Tristaniopsis whiteana (Griff)), palepek baringin (Shorea laevis Ridl), and mahalilis (Palaquium sp.), to evaluate the use of extractive substances as anti-fungal wood decay Schizophyllum commune Fries and Pleurotus ostreatus, and to identify the structure of anti-fungal compound. The maceration extraction method used methanol solvent, and multilevel fractionation used n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol solvents. The extracts, subsequently, were carried out fungus S. commune and P. ostreatus the tests, and CCB preservative was used as negative control. The result showed that the highest extractive content was in S. laevis, followed by Palaquium sp., T. whiteana and S. polycephalum. Moreover, the results of column chromatography showed that ethyl acetate fraction of S. polycephalum was obtained 8 (G.1-G.8) compounds, the fraction of chloroform of T. whiteana was obtained 8 (PL.1-PL.8) compounds, the fraction of butanol of S. laevis was obtained 16 (PB.1-PB.16) compounds and the fractions of chloroform of Palaquium sp. was obtained 5 (M.1-M.5). Based on the maceration extract, fractionation and column chromatography, all the wood types were capable of inhibiting the growth of the fungus S. commune and P. ostreatus. Structure identifications with LC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR anti-fungal compound for G.2, Pl.3, PB.1.1, and M.2 were 3-O-glucosyl-3’,4’,5-trihydroxyflavonol, Heptanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 2,3-dihydroxypropylpentadecanoate, respectively .
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Judul: Antifungal Activity of Manglid (Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot) Wood Extract
Abstrak: Untuk meningkatkan masa pakai kayu maka perlu dilakukan pengawetan. Namun bahan pengawet yang digunakan pada saat ini banyak yang berasal dari bahan sintetik sehingga membahayakan lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kadar zat ekstraktif kayu manglid (Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot) dan menguji sifat antijamur zat eksttraktif tersebut terhadap jamur pelapuk putih (Schizophyllum commune) dan jamur pelapuk cokelat (Tyromyces palustris), serta mengidentifikasi komponen kimia fraksi teraktif. Serbuk kayu teras manglid diekstraksi menggunakan aseton. Ekstrak aseton yang dihasilkan lalu difraksinasi secara bertingkat dengan n-heksana, etil eter, dan etil asetat. Masing-masing fraksi diuji sifat antijamurnya terhadap jamur pelapuk. Fraksi yang mempunyai sifat antijamur paling aktif selanjutnya diidentifikasi menggunakan GCMS-Pirolisis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar esktrak aseton kayu teras manglid sebesar 4,75% yang terdiri dari fraksi n-heksana sebesar 0,85%, fraksi etil eter 0,45%, fraksi etil asetat 0,67%, dan fraksi residu sebesar 2,78%. Dari uji antijamur diketahui bahwa fraksi etil asetat memiliki aktivitas antijamur paling tinggi. Dari analisis kimia dengan GCMS diperoleh 4 senyawa dominan yang memiliki sifat antijamur yang diduga berperan dalam menghambat pertumbuhan jamur yaitu Phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) Guaiaco; Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (CAS) Eugenol; Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (CAS) 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol; dan 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (CAS) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate., To increase the service life of wood, it is necessary to preserve it. However, most of the preservatives used today are synthetic materials that are harmful to the environment and human health. This study aimed to determine the extractive content of manglid wood (Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot) and to test the antifungal properties of the extractive against white rot fungus (Schizophyllum commune) and brown rot fungus (Tyromyces palustris), and identify the chemical components of the most active fraction. Manglid wood was extracted using acetone. The resulting acetone extract was then fractionated in stages with n-hexane, ethyl ether, and ethyl acetate. Each fraction was further tested for its antifungal properties against rotting fungi. The most active fraction was then identified using Pyrolysis-GCMS. The results showed that the acetone extract content of manglid hearthwood was 4,75% consisting of n-hexane fraction of 0,85%, ethyl ether fraction of 0,45%, ethyl acetate fraction of 0,67%, and residual fraction of 2,78%. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antifungal activity. From chemical analysis by GCMS obtained 4 dominant compounds that have antifungal properties that are thought to play a role in inhibiting fungal growth, namely Phenol, 2-methoxy- (CAS) Guaiacol; Phenol, 2-methoxy-4-(2-propenyl)- (CAS) Eugenol; Phenol, 2,6-dimethoxy- (CAS) 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol; and 1,2-Benzenedicarboxylic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester (CAS) Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate.
Keyword: antijamur, ekstrak aseton, kayu manglid (Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot), Schizophyllum commune, Tyromyces palustris, acetone extract, antifungal, manglid wood (Magnolia sumatrana (Miq.) Figlar & Noot), Schizophyllum commune, Tyromyces palustris

Judul: Feeder kelinci ternak otomatis menggunkan prinsip aktuator solenoid
Abstrak: Feeder kelinci ternak otomatis merupakan prototipe yang diciptakan dengan pengaturan distribusi pakan berbentuk pellet pada konveyor sekrup termodifikasi dengan tambahan pintu akses teraktivasi oleh aktuator solenoid. Mikrokontroler Arduino Uno R3 pada prototipe ini digunakan untuk proses perhitungan jarak pintu akses, waktu tempuh pakan, dan kecepatan distribusi pakan. Prototipe ini bermanfaat untuk para pembudidaya/peternak kelinci sebagai inovasi teknologi dalam kegiatan pemeliharaan kelinci secara moderen. Pakan kelinci diatur melalui rotasi motor stepper pada penakar pakan sehingga dapat mengukur porsi pakan secara akurat. Penggunaan motor DC dilengkapi gearbox bertujuan mengendalikan konveyor sekrup agar berputar dengan konstan sehingga menghasilkan gaya dorong pada pakan yang akan didistribusikan. Hasil perhitungan kecepatan distribusi pakan menentukan waktu aktivasi aktuator solenoid yang akan membuka pintu akses pakan untuk keluar dari konveyor sekrup.
Keyword: Aktuator solenoid, feeder, penakar pakan, konveyor sekrup