Judul: Detection of Vegetable Oil Adulteration with Lard Oil Based on Color Profile, Infrared Radiation Absorption and Chemometrics
Abstrak: Vegetable oils in most case are adulterated with animal fat, mainly lard to attain desired characteristics. The escalation awareness of halal and vegan diet encourages the need for rapid adulteration detection in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the presence of lard adulteration based on the infrared absorption and color profile using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Chromameter. This study consisted of five stages: sample preparation, spectra optimization, infrared absorption and color profile analysis, and data analysis. Data analysis was carried out using Principal Component Analysis and Orthogonal Project to Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis to obtain discriminant factors. The study was conducted on six vegetable oils, namely olive, soybean, sesame, sunflower, coconut, and corn oil, spiked with lard at a concentration of 1% to 100%. Results showed the discriminant functional groups were secondary alcohol, ester, alkene alkane, and carboxylic groups. Adulteration can be identified based on the color profile determined from the mapping of samples treated separately from the pure samples. Adulteration of lard can be identified by the differences in the composition of fatty acids, glycerides, and color profile. Detection of adulteration based on the infrared absorption profile and color profile gives sensitive results at concentration below 40%.
Keyword: adulteration, Chromameter, FTIR, lard oil, multivariate analysis

Judul: Rancang bangun teknik deteksi lemak babi pada daging sapi berbasis sifat listrik
Abstrak: Sensitive and accurate detection technology of lard contaminating tallow and beef is important to assure the halalness of food products, that needed by consumers. Therefore, it is important to develop reliable detection techniques of lard contamination. The using of electrical properties for detecting food product’s quality, data preprocessing and classification techniques are potential for designing lard detection technique. The objectives of this study was to obtain the frequency range for the measurement of electrical properties of lard, tallow and beef as experiment materials, that are significant for the detection of lard contamination in beef; and to develop a detection technique of lard contamination in beef based on the electrical properties and data mining, as well as to test its accuracy. In this study, a parallel plate made of copper by dimension of 20 mm x 10 mm separated at 5 mm distance was used. Na2SO4 anhydrous was used to reduce the water content in the sample. The measurement of electrical properties was done in room temperature (26-27oC) with frequency range of 0,100-0,999 MHz, 1,000-3,799 MHz and 3,80-5,00 MHz. The measured electrical properties were conductance, impedance, and capacitance. The test of fatty acid profile by using gas chromatography was used as a comparison in this study. The preprocessing techniques that used were mean, median, smoothing, normalization and discretization. Techniques of classification that were used to differentiate lard from tallow and palm oil were naive bayes, decision tree C4.5, simple logistic, support vector machine (SVM) and multilayer perceptron (MLP). In order to predict lard contamination in beef, the classification techniques including linear regression, SMO regression, support vector regression (SVR), and MLP were employed. The results showed that the parallel plate from copper by dimension of 20 mm x 10 mm with 5 mm distance was effective to acquire electrical properties data. The use of Na2SO4 anhydrous to absorb water from fat samples and frequency at 3,80-5,00 MHz to measure electrical properties resulted valid data. The order of electrical properties that influence to lard detection were impedance, capacitance and conductance. The use of preprocessing techniques normalization and classification technique MLP were able to differentiate lard from tallow and palm oil with correctly classification of 87,52% and root mean squared error (RMSE) of 0,2394. The use of preprocessing normalization and classification technique MLP were able to predict the contamination of lard in beef with correlation coefficient (r) of 0,9985 and RMSE of 1,9708. The future of the combination of materials electrical properties with selected preprocessing and classification techniques can be used to develop a detection of lard contamination.
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Judul: Peranan BAPPEDA TK II dalam perencanaan pembangunan wilayah
Abstrak: Kesesuaian program/proyek pembangunan dengan potensi, kondisi dan kebu- tuhan daerah serta keterpaduan antar program/proyek tersebut di wilayah bersangkutan, dapat meningkatkan manfaat yang diperoleh masyarakat dari pelaksanaannya. Program/proyek yang terkoordinasi dengan baik merupakan salah satu solusinya, mengingat banyak kepentingan terkait di dalamnya. Perencanaan yang terkoordinasi me- rupakan awal dari keberhasilan pelaksanaannya. Sebagai koordinator perencanaan pembangunan, BAPPEDA Tk II bertang- gungjawab mengkoordinasikan seluruh perencanaan program/proyek di daerah ting- kat II. Melalui tiga kegiatan utamanya tiap tahun, analisa dan evaluasi, perumusan perencanaan dan pengendalian, peran BAPPEDA Tk II akan ditelaah dan diidentifikasikan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pelaksanaan peran tersebut. Demikian pula dengan kondisi sumberdaya manusia di BAPPEDA TK II serta kondisi pembiayaan pembangunan untuk melengkapi penelaahan di atas. Melalui kegiatan analisa dan evaluasi, BAPPEDA Tk II berperan dalam pe- nyusunan PDPD II (Pola Dasar Pembangunan Daerah II), REPELITADA II (Rencana Pembangunan Lima Tahun II) serta penelitian dan pendataan. Keterbatasan tenaga yang mampu melaksanakannya, waktu dan dana menyebabkan peran BAPPEDA Tk II relatif lebih kecil dari yang seharusnya. BAPPEDA Tk II lebih banyak bertindak sebagai pemesan dibanding penyedia informasi. Baik saat perumusan maupun pengendalian program/proyek, BAPPEDA TK II lebih berperan pada program/proyek hasil pencanangan pemerintah pusat/Pemda I dibanding proyek-proyek aspiratif "biasa". Ini berkaitan dengan ketentuan khusus yang menyertai program/proyek bersangkutan dan memberikan ketegasan kewenangan ba- gi BAPPEDA Tk II untuk menjalankan perannya. Walau demikian, antar proyek dae- rah dan proyek sektoral, peran terbesar BAPPEDA Tk II tetap lebih besar pada proyek daerah. Karena BAPPEDA Tk II lebih berwenang terhadap pengelolaan dana proyek daerah dibanding proyek sektoral…dst
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