Judul: Pola Konsumsi Olahan Jagung dan Potensi Paparan Aflatoksin di Indonesia
Abstrak: Konsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat utama penduduk Indonesia masih bergantung pada satu jenis pangan yaitu beras. Beras merupakan makanan pokok yang digemari masyarakat. Sehingga diperlukan upaya pemerintah melakukan program diversifikasi pangan lokal mengonsumsi pangan sumber karbohidrat selain beras. Jagung merupakan komoditas bahan pangan lokal sebagai sumber karbohidrat. Pola konsumsi pangan mencakup jenis, jumlah dan frekuensi pangan yang dikonsumsi dalam selang waktu tertentu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pola konsumsi jagung dan olahannya serta kontribusi terhadap asupan karbohidrat dan potensi paparan aflatoksin di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan semi quantitatif food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa olahan jagung dapat dikonsumsi sebagai makanan pokok dan makanan selingan/snack. Konsumsi jagung di Indonesia berdasarkan hasil survei sebesar 9,00 g/kapita/hari sedangkan hasil in-depth interview sebesar 8,71 g/kapita/hari. Bentuk olahan jagung yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah jagung rebus, bakwan/perkedel jagung, jagung bakar dan nasi jagung. Berdasarkan hasil survei, provinsi dengan konsumsi tertinggi adalah Sulawesi Tengah, Papua Barat dan Gorontalo. Bentuk olahan jagung yang banyak dikonsumsi adalah jagung rebus, bakwan/perkedel jagung, jagung bakar dan nasi jagung. Jagung termasuk komoditas yang mudah terserang kapang Aspergillus flavus penghasil aflatoksin. Potensi paparan aflatoksin dari mengonsumsi jagung Indonesia tergolong rendah karena jagung banyak dikonsumsi dalam bentuk olahan jagung segar., The consumption of food as the main source of carbohydrates for the Indonesian population still depends on one type of food, namely rice. Rice is a staple food favored by the people. So it is necessary for the government to carry out a local food diversification program to consume food sources of carbohydrates other than rice. Corn is a local food commodity as a source of carbohydrates. The pattern of food consumption includes the type, amount and frequency of food consumed within a certain time interval. This study aims to analyze the consumption pattern of corn and its processed products as well as the contribution to carbohydrate intake and potential exposure to aflatoxins in Indonesia. The method used is a survey method with a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). The results showed that processed corn can be consumed as a staple food and as a snack. Corn consumption in Indonesia based on survey results is 9.00 g/capita/day while the results of in-depth interviews are 8.71 g/capita/day. The most consumed processed forms of corn are boiled corn, bakwan/corn cakes, roasted corn, and corn rice. Based on the survey results, the provinces with the highest consumption were Central Sulawesi, West Papua, and Gorontalo. The processed forms of corn that are widely consumed are boiled corn, bakwan/corn cakes, roasted corn and corn rice. Corn is a commodity that is susceptible to the aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus flavus mold. Potential exposure to aflatoxins from consuming Indonesian corn was low because corn was mostly consumed in the form of processed fresh corn.
Keyword: Aflatoxin, Corn, Carbohydrate, Corn processing, Consumption pattern

Judul: Factors Affecting the Demand of Corn as an Animal Feed in Indonesia
Abstrak: Ayam merupakan salah satu sumber protein hewani yang paling murah dan berkontribusi paling besar tehadap pemenuhan protein jika dibandingkan dengan hewan ternak lainnya. Peningkatan permintaan daging ayam mendorong permintaan pakan ternak dan berakhir pada peningkatan permintaan jagung sebagai input terhadap pakan. Akan tetapi, permasalahan terjadi ketika produksi jagung nasional mulai tidak dapat memenuhi permintaan jagung nasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi permintaan jagung sebagai bahan pakan ternak dan memproyeksikan permintaan jagung sebagai pakan ternak hingga tahun 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan model regresi linear berganda dengan metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dan model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: 1) faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi permintaan jagung sebagai pakan ternak adalah harga jagung tingkat perdagangan besar dan konsumsi bungkil kedelai; 2) produksi jagung dan permintaan jagung sebagai pakan ternak di Indonesia terus mengalami peningkatan hingga tahun 2024 dengan laju pertumbuhan konsumsi lebih cepat dibandingkan produksi sehingga ketersediaan jagung Indonesia terus mengalami penurunan setiap tahunnya., Chicken is one of the cheapest sources of animal protein and contributes the most to protein supply compared to other livestock. The increasing demand for chicken meat drives the demand for animal feed, resulting in an increased demand for corn as a feed ingredient. However, issues arise when the national corn production can no longer meet the national demand for corn. This research aims to analyze the factors influencing the demand for corn as animal feed and project the demand for corn as animal feed until 2024. This research employs multiple linear regression models using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) method and the Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) model. The research findings indicate that: 1) factors affecting the demand for corn as animal feed include the wholesale corn price and soybean meal consumption; 2) corn production and the demand for corn as animal feed in Indonesia continue to increase until 2024, with consumption growth outpacing production, resulting in a continuous decrease in Indonesia's corn availability every year
Keyword: Aflatoxin, Corn Production, Quality, Quantity, Projection

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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