Judul: Aplikasi Penggunaan Gen Sitokrom B Dengan Teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Sebagai Pendeteksi Campuran Daging Tikus Pada Produk Bakso
Abstrak: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique was developed as a precise and quick method to identify meat species in both of raw meat and meat products. Rat primer has been developed from mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence. The aim of this study was to find out the ability and sensitivity level from this primer as contamination detector in meatball, and also to indentify the contamination of rat meats in meatball products which are sold in the Bogor City. Meatball samples were prepared from both mixtures rat meat and beef at different levels (1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) in meatball. As the result, rat’s meat could be identified start from 5% level and were amplified definitely at level contamination 15%. There were no rat meat found in the market samples or in other words, meatball sold in three big markets in Bogor City (Pasar Anyar, Pasar Bogor dan Pasar Jambu Dua) were free from rat contamination.
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Judul: The Use of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) in Detecting Rat Meat in The Case of Meat Adulteration
Abstrak: Kasus pemalsuan daging seperti penambahan daging tikus ke dalam daging sapi atau ayam merupakan masalah keamanan pangan yang masih ditemukan di Indonesia. Pengujian berbasis DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid) dalam kasus pemalsuan tersebut masih terbatas penggunaannya sampai saat ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui validitas dari metode Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) dalam mengidentifikasi keberadaan DNA tikus pada produk pangan asal hewan. Metode Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) menggunakan SYBR green dievaluasi validitasnya dalam mendeteksi keberadaan daging tikus yang secara sengaja ditambahkan ke dalam daging ayam dalam berbagai konsentrasi. Parameter dalam evaluasi validitas ini meliputi specificity, repeatability, reproducibility, dan limit of detection. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode qPCR memiliki validitas yang baik untuk mengidentifikasi keberadaan campuran daging tikus di dalam daging ayam dalam berbagai konsentrasi. Metode ini bahkan mampu mendeteksi campuran tersebut hingga mencapai konsentrasi 0,03125%. Hal ini menunjukkan metode qPCR dapat digunakan untuk keperluan pengujian kasus pemalsuan daging terutama penambahan daging tikus ke dalam daging ayam., Beef or chicken meat adulteration is still become one of main food safety issue in Indonesia. Utilization of DNA (Deoxyribo Nucleic Acid)-based testing in solving that problem is still very limited to date. This study aimed to determine the validity of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) method to identify the presence of rat DNA in animal food products. The validity of Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction method using SYBR Green Melting Curve Analysis in detecting the presence of rat meat added into chicken meat intentionally in various concentrations were evaluated. Parameters used in this validity evaluation are specificity, repeatability, reproducibility, and limit of detection. The result of this research suggested that the qPCR method had good validity to identify the presence of rat meat when it was mixed with chicken meat. This method was able to detect the compound until it reached a concentration of 0,03125%. This showed that the qPCR method can be used to examine the case of animal food product adulteration especially the addition of rat meat into chicken meat.
Keyword: Adulteration, DNA, Rat, qPCR, validity

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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