Judul: Identification of APOA5 Gene Polymorphism and Assosiation With Carcas Characteristic and Lamb Quality in Sheep
Abstrak: Gen apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) adalah pengatur utama metabolisme trigliserida plasma (TG) yang menunjukkan keterlibatan dalam penyakit arteri koroner. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi gen APOA5 pada karakteristik karkas dan kualitas daging pada domba. Sampel yang digunakan adalah 40 domba yang terdiri dari 10 domba ekor tipis(DET), 10 domba komposit agrinak (DCA), 10 domba garut (DG), dan 10 domba jonggol (DJ). Identifikasi gen APOA5 menggunakan Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Hasil keragaman gen APOA5 bersifat polimorfik pada domba DET, DCA, dan DG, sedangkan DJ bersifat monomorfik. Titik mutasi gen APOA5 berasosiasi (P<0.05) dengan karakteristik karkas, yaitu bobot potong, karkas hangat, persentase karkas, panjang karkas, dan karkas dingin. Selain itu, keragaman gen APOA5 juga berasosiasi signifikan (P<0.05) dengan kualitas daging yaitu pH, keempukan, dan susut masak. Gen APOA5 memiliki kontribusi dalam karakteristik karkas dan kualitas daging pada domba., The apolipoprotein A5 (APOA5) gene is a key regulator of plasma triglyceride (TG) metabolism indicating involvement in coronary artery disease. This study aimed to identify the APOA5 gene polymorphism and their association on carcass characteristics and meat quality in sheep. The samples used were 40 sheep consisting 10 thin tail sheep (DET), 10 compass agrinak sheep (DCA), 10 garut sheep (DG), and 10 jonggol sheep (DJ). Identification of APOA5 gene were performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). The results showed that APOA5 gene diversity were polymorphic in DET, DCA, and DG, while DJ was monomorphic. The mutation the APOA5 gene were significantly associated (P<0.05) with the characteristics of the carcass, carcass weight, warm carcass, carcass percentage, carcass length, and cold carcass. In addition, the diversity of the APOA5 gene was also significantly associated (P<0.05) with lamb quality of the pH, tenderness, and cooking loss. The APOA5 gene has a contribution in carcass characteristics and lamb quality in sheep.
Keyword: APOA5 gene, Carcas characteristic, Lamb quality, PCR-RFLP, Sheep

Judul: Characterization Of APOA5 And BCAT2 Genes  Related To Carcass Characteristic, Lamb Quality, And Nutritional Content Of Indonesian Sheep
Abstrak: Permintaan daging domba meningkat seiring bertambahnya penduduk negara Indonesia menyebabkan diperlukan peningkatan produksi daging domba baik kuantitas dan kualitas. Upaya peningkatan produktivitas daging domba tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan genetik berbasis seleksi molekuler. Perbaikan secara genetik tersebut untuk melihat sifat karkas, kualitas daging, dan kandungan gizi daging domba. Hal ini menjadi faktor yang penting dan mempengaruhi referensi konsumen dalam konsumsi daging merah dan produk daging olahan. Penelitian terkait gen APOA5 dan gen BCAT2 belum banyak dilakukan pada ternak domba. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui hubungan gen APOA5 dan BCAT2 terhadap sifat karkas, kualitas daging, dan kandungan gizi pada domba. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 168 ekor domba yang terdiri dari 18 ekor domba ekor gemuk (DEG), 84 ekor domba ekor tipis (DET), 23 ekor domba jonggol (DJ), 4 ekor domba komposit garut (DKG), 10 ekor domba composit agrinak (DCA), 10 ekor domba barbados cross (DBC), dan 19 ekor domba garut (DG). Identifikasi gen APOA5 dan BCAT2 dilakukan dengan menggunakan (PCR-RFLP) menghasilkan genotipe pada gen APOA5 CC,CT, dan TT serta gen BCAT2 yaitu GG, GC, dan CC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa polimorfisme gen APOA5 dan BCAT2 bersifat polimorfik pada domba. Mutasi gen APOA5 dan BCAT2 berhubungan nyata (P<0,05) dengan kandungan kalium dan zat besi, kolesterol, 4-methyloctaanoic (MOA), persentase karkas, panjang karkas, pH, keempukan, dan susut masak. Gen APOA5 dan BCAT2 mempunyai kontribusi terhadap kualitas domba pada domba, Demand for lamb increases as Indonesia's population increases, making it necessary to increase lamb meat production in both quantity and quality. Efforts to increase sheep meat productivity can be made through genetic improvement based on molecular selection. This genetic improvement looks at carcass characteristics, meat quality, and nutritional content of sheep meat. This parameter is essential and influences consumer references in consuming red meat and processed meat products. Research regarding the APOA5 gene and BCAT2 gene has not been carried out much in sheep. Therefore, this research was conducted to determine the relationship between the APOA5 and BCAT2 genes on carcass characteristics, meat quality, and nutritional content in sheep. The samples used were 168 sheep consisting of 18 fat-tailed sheep (FTS), 84 thin-tailed sheep (TTS), 23 jonggol sheep (JS), four garut composite sheep (GCS), ten compass agrinak sheep (CAS), ten Barbados cross sheep (BCS), and 19 garut sheep (GS). The APOA5 and BCAT2 genes were identified using (PCR-RFLP) to produce genotypes for the APOA5 genes CC, CT, and TT and the BCAT2 genes, namely GG, GC, and CC. The results showed that sheep's APOA5 and BCAT2 gene polymorphisms were polymorphic. APOA5 and BCAT2 gene mutations were significantly related (P<0.05) to potassium and iron content, cholesterol, 4-methyl octanoic acid (MOA), carcass percentage, carcass length, pH, tenderness, and cooking loss. The APOA5 and BCAT2 genes contribute to lamb quality in sheep
Keyword: APOA5, BCAT2

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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