Judul: Analisis Plateletcrit dan Red Blood Cell Distribution Width pada Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Daun Sirsak (Annona muricara L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan adanya aktivitas antikanker ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7. Uji toksisitas subkronis perlu dilakukan sebelum dapat masuk ke fase uji klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur nilai plateletcrit (PCT) dan red blood cell distribution width (RDW) pada tikus betina Sprague-Dawley yang diinduksi dengan variasi dosis ekstrak kapang endofit untuk melihat toksisitasnya. Tikus dibagi menjadi enam kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kg bb, serta kelompok satelit dengan satelit normal dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kg bb. Kelompok satelit digunakan untuk melihat adanya efek tertunda. Hasil uji ANOVA menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata pada parameter PCT dan RDW antara kelompok normal dengan kelompok yang diinduksi sediaan uji. Data kelompok satelit juga tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan nyata. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit amat dikonsumsi selama 90 hari terhadap parameter RDW dan PCT., Previous studies showed that the endophytic mold extracted from soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) has an anticancer ability against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. A subchronic toxicity test was needed before proceeding into the clinical trial. This study aimed to compare the value of plateletcrit (PCT) and red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on female Sprague-Dawley rats induced with endophytic mold extract with various doses to see its toxicity. The rats were grouped into six groups, the control group, groups that were given the extract with doses of 20, 80, and 240 mg/kg bw, as well as satellite groups that consist of normal satellite group and satellite group which was induced with 240 mg/kg bw dose of extract. The satellite group was used to show any delayed toxicity effect. ANOVA test for both parameters showed no significant difference between the control group and the group induced with endophytic mold extract. The satellite group also didn’t show any significant difference for both parameters. It can be concluded that the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic mold from soursop leaves is safe to be consumed for 90 days in regards to the PCT and RDW parameters.
Keyword: endophytic fungi, plateletcrit, red blood cell distribution width, toxicity

Judul: Analisis Trombosit dan Leukosit pada Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak memiliki potensi penghambatan pertumbuhan sel MCF-7 kanker payudara. Telah dilakukan uji toksisitas akut dan hasilnya tidak menunjukkan dampak negatif pada parameter yang diamati. Agar dapat dilanjutkan pada fase klinis, perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas subkronis selama 90 hari untuk melihat keamanan pemberian ekstrak dalam waktu lama. Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan pada dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan jumlah trombosit, leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit tikus galur Sprague-dawley yang diinduksi dengan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak selama 90 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah trombosit, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit masih berada dalam rentang normal. Namun, nilai PDW H-60 dosis 20 mg/kgBB dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB sebesar 14,96% dan 15,1% serta nilai MPV H-30 dosis 240 mg/kgBB, satelit normal, dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB, yaitu 5,41 fL, 10,46 fL, dan 10,73 fL tidak berada di rentang normal. Hal tersebut diduga karena adanya infeksi patogen pada tikus. Ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak aman dikonsumsi selama 90 hari tanpa efek toksik yang tertunda., Previous research showed that soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Acute toxicity test has been carried out and the results did not show a negative impact on the observed parameters. In order to enter the clinical phase, it is necessary to do a subchronic toxicity test for 90 days to see the safety of long-term administration of the extract. The extract was administered at doses of 20, 80, and 240 mg/kgBW. This study aimed to compare the number of platelets, leukocytes, and differential leukocytes of Sprague-dawley rats induced with Soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract for 90 days. The results showed that the number of platelets, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), leukocytes, and differential leukocytes were still within the normal range. However, the value PDW on the 60 days at a dose of 20 mg/kgBW and satellite 240 mg/kgBW was 14,96% and 15,1% and the MPV value on the 30 days at a dose of 240 mg/kgBW, normal satellite, and satellite 240 mg/kgBW, that is 5,41 fL, 10,46 fL, and 10,73 fL were not in the normal range. This is probaby due to the presence of pathogenic infection in rats. Soursop leaf endophytic mold extract is safe to consume for 90 days without delayed toxic effects.
Keyword: differential leukocytes, endophytic fungi, MPV, PDW, toxicity

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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