Judul: Does Social Forestry Contribute to Farmers’ Income?: Case Study in Two Javanese Mountainous Villages, Indonesia
Abstrak: Social Forestry scheme has been implemented in Indonesia to address deforestation and poverty. Community-based forest management has been known as an effective way to deal with the “tragedy of the commons” and promote the environmental conservation and the sustainable livelihood of local people. The Social Forestry scheme is one of those implementations in Indonesia in which communities are given legal access to utilize the specific land area in the State Forest Area. Scholars have examined and reviewed Social Forestry scheme from economic, environmental, and social perspectives. However, the effectiveness of implementing Social Forestry in increasing household income is still often questioned. By comparing members and non-members of Social Forestry in two locations in the mountainous villages on Java Island, this study examines the impact of the scheme on household income. This study analyzes primary data in form of household survey conducted in 2023 in Tombo village (N=121) in Central Java Province and Cibulao sub-village (N=118) in West Java Province. From the results of Mann-Whitney U test, household income of members is lower than non-members in Tombo. Additionally, members tend to have limited access to education, finance, and private land in the forms of farmland and yard, compared to non-members. On the other hand, in Cibulao, farm income of members is higher than non-members. The other variables regarding accessibility such as education and finance are not different based on membership. From the regression analysis, the negative correlation between membership and household income is found in Tombo, while the positive correlation between membership and farm income is found in Cibulao. Considering the findings, this study discusses that the pre-implementation characteristics in terms of land accessibility and villagers’ sustenance opportunities may affect the economic outcomes of the program., Skema Perhutanan Sosial telah diterapkan di Indonesia untuk mengatasi deforestasi dan pengentasan kemiskinan. Pengelolaan hutan berbasis masyarakat telah dikenal sebagai cara yang efektif untuk mengatasi "tragedy of the commons" dan mendorong pelestarian lingkungan dan mata pencaharian berkelanjutan bagi masyarakat lokal. Skema Perhutanan Sosial merupakan implementasikan di Indonesia dimana masyarakat diberikan akses legal untuk memanfaatkan lahan tertentu di kawasan hutan. Para ahli telah meneliti dan mengkaji skema Perhutanan Sosial dari perspektif ekonomi, lingkungan dan sosial. Namun, efektivitas pelaksanaan Perhutanan Sosial dalam meningkatkan pendapatan rumah tangga masih sering dipertanyakan. Dengan membandingkan anggota dan non-anggota Perhutanan Sosial di dua lokasi di desa-desa pegunungan di Pulau Jawa, penelitian ini mengkaji dampak skema tersebut terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga. Studi ini menganalisis data primer dari survei rumah tangga yang dilakukan pada tahun 2023 di Desa Tombo (N=121) di Provinsi Jawa Tengah dan Kampung Cibulao (N=118) di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil uji Mann-Whitney U menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan rumah tangga anggota lebih rendah dibandingkan non-anggota di Desa Tombo. Selain itu, anggota Perhutanan Sosial cenderung memiliki akses yang lebih terbatas terhadap pendidikan, keuangan, dan lahan pribadi berupa lahan pertanian dan pekarangan, dibandingkan dengan non-anggota. Di sisi lain, di Kampung Cibulao, pendapatan pertanian anggota lebih tinggi daripada non-anggota. Variabel lain terkait aksesibilitas seperti pendidikan dan keuangan tidak berbeda berdasarkan keanggotaan. Analisis regresi menunjukkan terdapat korelasi negatif antara keanggotaan dan pendapatan rumah tangga di Desa Tombo, sedangkan korelasi
Keyword: agroforestry, farm income, forestry partnership, social forestry

Judul: The Contribution of Social Forestry to the Income of Communities Around Forest Farmers in KPH Purwakarta
Abstrak: Berbagai permasalahan kehutanan yang terus terjadi di Indonesia menuntut perlunya solusi konkrit dalam mencegah degradasi dan deforestasi. Perhutanan Sosial hadir sebagi sebuah solusi untuk dapat menciptakan hutan yang lestari dan masyarakat yang sejahtera. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan program Perhutanan Sosial dan seberapa besar kontribusi yang diberikan terhadap pendapatan petani di wilayah KPH Purwakarta. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan metode wawancara kepada 40 orang petani yang tergabung dalam Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan Bambu Jaya yang mendapatkan izin Perhutanan Sosial melalui Pengakuan dan Perlindungan Kemitraan Kehutanan (Kulin KK). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kontribusi Perhutanan Sosial terhadap pendapatan rumah tangga petani LMDH Bambu Jaya yaitu sebesar 11,85%, hasil analisis faktor menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang memengaruhi pendapatan petani LMDH Bambu Jaya adalah luas lahan, dan tingkat kesejahteraan petani Perhutanan Sosial LMDH Bambu Jaya berada pada tingkat kesejahteraan sedang dan cukup hidup layak., Various forestry problems that continue to occur in Indonesia require the need for concrete solutions to prevent degradation and deforestation. Social Forestry is present as a solution to be able to create sustainable forests and prosperous communities. This study aims to analyze the development of the Social Forestry program and how much it contributes to the income of farmers in the KPH Purwakarta area. Data were collected using interviews with 40 farmers who are members of the Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH) Bambu Jaya who received a Social Forestry permit through the Recognition and Protection of the Forestry Partnership (Kulin KK). The results showed that the contribution of Social Forestry to the household income of LMDH Bambu Jaya farmers was 11,85%, the results of the factor analysis showed that the factors affecting the income of LMDH Bambu Jaya farmers were land area, and the level of welfare of LMDH Bambu Jaya Social Forestry farmers was at a moderate level of well-being and decent living.
Keyword: Sustainable forest, welfare, land area, farmer's income

Judul: Peluang Partikel Plasma Berada Pada Dimensi Debye Akibat Gangguan Gelombang Elektromagnetik dengan Menggunakan Persamaan Schrödinger
Abstrak: The solution of Schrodinger equations with plasma Coulomb potential in spherical coordinat results solution wave function and energy plasma particle. Electron probability density at Debye length with thermal effect same as ion, which indicates plasma in neutral state. Electromagnetic waves perturbation of an electric field given to result wave function perturbation system. The probability density of plasma particle due to electromagnetic waves perturbation is the largest when an electromagnetic waves frequency 1.41 times the plasma frequency .
Keyword: Schrödinger, plasma, electromagnetic wave