Judul: Evaluasi Program Pembinaan Usaha Mikro, Kecil, Dan Menengah (Umkm) Sebagai Implementasi Corporate Social Responsibility. Kasus Program Pembinaan Umkm Yayasan Dharma Bhakti Astra
Abstrak: The goal of this research is to understand the implementation of PT Astra Internasional Tbk. Corporate Social Responsibility ( CSR ) program. How far the realization of PT Astra International Tbk. CSR will also be analized in this research through Dharma Bhakti Astra Foundation based on society empowerment and analize the benefit of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) establishment program realization by Dharma Bhakti Astra Foundation. CSR activities form done by PT Astra Internasional TBk will be explained in this research. Empowerment aspects will be analyzed from MSME establishment held by Dharma Bhakti Astra Foundation. Identification and program analysis of establishment will point toward eight instruments of Verhagen empowerment. The benefit of MSME establishment can be viewed from six aspects. These are knowledge, skill, income, market expansion, competition among established MSME and the advance of establishment program existence for society. The result of this research are that PT Astra Internasional Tbk. has some CSR programs which are directly done or done by a foundation. MSME establishment program is one of CSR programs held by PT Astra Internasional Tbk. through Dharma Bakti Astra Foundation. Based on the analysis, entirely the establishment program has implemented Verhagen empowerment aspects although there are some aspects which need to be evaluated. This establishment program also has some benefits for the established MSME.
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Judul: Kolaborasi Kelembagaan Multi Pihak dalam Program Pembinaan dan Pengembangan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah sebagai Salah Satu Bentuk Tanggung Jawab Sosial (Studi Kasus Program Pembinaan Usaha Kecil dan Menengah PT Astra International Tbk)
Abstrak: PT Astra International Tbk has implemented the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) to give significant contributions to community development for the community welfare. PT Astra International Tbk bolstered with the spirit of triple bottom line concept, effort in generating sustainable development. The goal of this research is to understand the implementation of PT Astra Internasional Tbk CSR program and strategy participation of stakeholders that involved on the program, especially society empowerment. Small and Medium Enterprises (SME) establishment program is one of CSR programs held by PT Astra Internasional Tbk through Dharma Bakti Astra Foundation to conducting income generating activities. The objective of this research is: First, to know background of Small Medium Enterprise (SME) development as one of PT Astra International Tbk CSR Program. Second, is to analized how far the implementation social empowerment through SME establishment program effectiveness could increase benefits for societies. Third, is to analized the effectiveness of strategy participation of corporate and another stakeholders that involved in SME development program. This research used a qualitative approach with the strategy of case study, to know about SME development and participation of stakeholders that involved on the program. The result of this research are that PT Astra Internasional Tbk has some CSR programs which are directly done or done by a foundation. Based on the analysis, entirely the establishment program has some benefits of an improved life quality particularly income generating activities for the established SME.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua