Judul: Identifikasi Awal Cendawan Mikoriza pada Tanaman Bengkuang da Pengaruh Inokulasi Mikoriza Arbuskula terhadap Pertumbuhan Anyelir, Lada dan Panili pada Tahap Aklimatisasi
Abstrak: Mikoriza merupakan asosiasi mutualistik antara akar tumbuhan dengan cendawan yang bermanfaat meningkatkan penyerapan unsur hara, daya tahan terhadap kekeringan dan daya tahan terhadap serangan patogen akar. Sejauh ini jenis mikoriza yang paling penting dan paling luas penyebarannya ialah mikoriza arbuskula (MA)
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Judul: Pengaruh inokulasi cendawan mikoriza arbuskula dan bakteri terhadap pertumbuhan mahoni (Swietenia macrophylla king)
Abstrak: Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dunia kehutanan adalah semakin tingginya laju kerusakan hutan. Kerusakan hutan terutama terjadi karena erosi, kegiatan pemanenan yang kurang baik (eksploitasi), perladangan berpindah, perluasan lahan pemukiman, dan kebakaran hutan. Erosi yang sering terjadi dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya pencucian yang tinggi dari unsur bara yang ada di dalam tanah, yang dapat mengakibatkan menurunkan pH tanah (bersifat masam). Untuk merehabilitasi lahan lahan yang terkena erosi banyak ditemukan kesulitan, diantaranya pertumbuhan anakan pohon yang baru ditanam lambat pertumbuhanya dengan tingkat kematian tinggi, untuk membantu keberhasilan reboisasi tersebut disamping pemilihan jenis pohon yang cocok, juga aplikasi teknologi mikrobe perlu diterapkan (Setiadi, 1988). Hasil beberapa studi kualitatif dan kuantitatif telah memperjelas bahwa aktivitas metabolik mikroba (mikroorganisme contoh bakteri) pada daerah akar merupakan hal yang vital untuk perkembangan tanaman. Selain aktifitas metabolik mikroba, mikoriza juga berperan dalam meningkatkan kapasitas tanaman dalam manyerap unsur hara dan air.serta berfungsi sebagai kontrol biologi dan meningkatkan ketahanan terhadap kekeringan (Fakuara, 1988). Mikoriza terbagi atas beberapa bagian, diantaranya adalah mikoriza arbuscula yaitu infeksinya di dalam sel atau yang biasa disebut endomikoriza. Mikoriza ini tidak dapat dilihat dengan kasat mata, tetapi dapat dilihat dengan bantuan mikroskop. meningkatkan kapasitas tanaman dalam menyerap unsur hara dan air.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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