Judul: Likuifikasi Onggok dan Konversinya Menjadi Ester Poliol Oleat sebagai Pengawabusa.
Abstrak: Onggok merupakan biomassa yang mengandung selulosa dan pati. Onggok dilikuifikasi dengan etilena glikol dalam suasana asam menghasilkan poliol. Poliol kemudian diesterifikasi dengan asam lemak dengan ragam nisbah massa poliol:asam lemak, yaitu 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4. Ester poliol dari onggok diuji efektivitasnya sebagai pengawabusa (defoamer). Likuifikasi onggok menghasilkan rendemen likuifikasi 91.65%, dan bilangan hidroksil 613.5 mg KOH/g. Spektrum inframerah onggok yang terlikuifikasi menunjukkan vibrasi ulur hidroksil pada bilangan gelombang 3288 cm-1. Setelah esterifikasi, tidak terdapat serapan inframerah untuk vibrasi gugus hidroksil dan terdapat pergeseran vibrasi karbonil menjadi 1738 cm-1 sehingga dapat disimpulkan poliol telah teresterifikasi. Ester poliol oleat dengan bilangan ester terbesar adalah pada nibah massa 1:1, yakni 206 mg KOH/g. Ester poliol oleat dengan efektivitas busa paling baik ialah pada nisbah massa 1:1 dan 1:3 dengan konsentrasi optimum masing-masing 3200 mg/L dan 4800 mg/L.
Keyword: asam oleat, esterifikasi, likuifikasi, onggok, poliol

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Surfaktan Nonionik Berbasis Poliol dari Onggok dan Asam Oleat
Abstrak: Processing of cassava into tapioca starch produces onggok that can be liquefied to produce polyols. The esterification of liquefied products with oleic acid produced esters that can be used as surfactant. Polyol was prepared using sulfuric acid as as the catalyst and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Esterification of polyol and oleic acid was catalyzed by anhydrous FeCl3 microwave with the ratio of polyol to oleic acid of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 (w/w). Surfactant characterization involved pH, viscosity, saponification number, acid number, surface tension, HLB value, emulsification, functional groups analysis (FTIR), and component profile (HPLC). Preparation of polyols yield 87%. IR absorption intensity of polyol at wavenumber 3750-3000 cm-1 was higher than IR absorption of onggok. Esterification of polyol-oleic acid with different weight ratios succesfully done as proved by absorption of C=O groups at wavenumber 1735 cm-1 in IR spectra. Based on the HLB value, the type of surfactant were 1P:1O (HLB 11:52) O/W type, 1P:2O (HLB 2.20) W/O type and 2P:1O (HLB
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Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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