Judul: Keterkaitan antara Kriminalitas dengan Variabel- variabel Makroekonomi dan Variabel Demografi di Indonesia
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi jika tidak dibarengi oleh pemerataan pendapatan yang baik diduga akan menimbulkan masalah seperti kemiskinan dan kriminalitas. Terlebih setiap provinsi memiliki perbedaan sumberdaya alam dan sumberdaya manusia. Penelitian ini menganalisis keterkaitan antara angka kriminalitas dengan variabel-variabel makroekonomi dan variabel demografi di 31 provinsi Indonesia pada periode 2009-2013. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode data panel statis dengan variabel dependen angka kriminalitas dan variabel independen meliputi tingkat ketidakamanan, PDRB per kapita konstan, persentase penduduk miskin, kepadatan penduduk dan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi. Provinsi yang dianalisis dikelompokkan menjadi dua yaitu provinsi dengan ketimpangan pendapatan rendah dan provinsi dengan ketimpangan pendapatan tinggi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa untuk kelompok provinsi dengan ketimpangan pendapatan yang tinggi, variabel tingkat ketidakamanan, PDRB perkapita konstan dan kepadatan penduduk berpengaruh positif terhadap angka kriminalitas sedangkan persentase penduduk miskin dan laju pertumbuhan untuk kelompok provinsi dengan ketimpangan tinggi tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kriminalitas. Pada kelompok provinsi dengan ketimpangan pendapatan rendah, variabel tingkat ketidakamanan dan PDRB per kapita konstan berpengaruh positif terhadap tingkat kriminalitas sedangkan variabel persentase penduduk miskin dan laju pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh negatif terhadap angka kriminalitas pada kelompok provinsi ini. Variabel kepadatan penduduk tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kriminalitas pada kelompok porvinsi dengan ketimpangan pendapatan yang rendah.
Keyword: Kriminalitas, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Kepadatan Penduduk

Judul: The Influence of Education, Unemployment, Income Inequality, and Poverty on Crime in Indonesia (Year Period 2015-2019)
Abstrak: Pengaruh Pendidikan, Pengangguran, Ketimpangan Pendapatan, serta Kemiskinan Terhadap Kriminalitas di Indonesia (Periode Tahun 2015-2019). Dibimbing oleh MUHAMMAD FINDI. Kriminalitas merupakan salah satu permasalahan yang yang berkaitan dengan perlindungan keamanan dan kenyamanan seseorang. Angka kejahatan Indonesia 2015-2017 mengalami penurunan namun masih perlu untuk terus ditekan agar masyarakat dapat dengan aman dan nyaman melakukan kegiatan termasuk kegiatan-kegiatan ekonomi. Selain itu kerugian yang diakibatkan oleh kejadian kriminalitas yang terjadi tidak hanya dirasakan oleh korban, namun juga pelaku dan pemerintah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengatahui pengaruh faktor pendidikan, pengangguran, ketimpangan pendapatan, serta kemiskinan terhadap kriminalitas di Indonesia pada tahun 2015-2019. Pada penelitian ini metode yang digunakan adalah analisis data panel dengan data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder. Data diperoleh dari Badan Pusat Statistik Republik Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini adalah variabel pendidikan dan pengangguran berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kriminalitas. Variabel ketimpangan pendapatan dan kemiskinan berpengaruh posiftif signifikan terhadap kriminalitas di Indonesia. Kata kunci: kriminalitas, pendidikan, pengangguran, ketimpangan pendapatan, kemiskinan., The Influence of Education, Unemployment, Income Inequality, and Poverty on Crime in Indonesia (Year Period 2015-2019). Supervised by MUHAMMAD FINDI. Crime is one of the problems related to the protection of a person's security and comfort. Indonesia's 2015-2017 crime rate has decreased but is still needs to be suppressed so that people can safely and comfortably carry out activities including economic activities. In addition, the losses caused by criminal activity that occur are not only felt by the victims, but also the perpetrators and the government. This research was conducted with the aim of knowing the impact of education, unemployment, income inequality, and poverty on crime in Indonesia in 2015-2019. In this study, the method used is panel data analysis with secondary data used. Data obtained from the Central Statistics Agency of the Republic of Indonesia (BPS Indonesia). The results of this research are the variables of education and unemployment have a significant negative effect on crime. The variables of income inequality and poverty have a significant positive effect on crime in Indonesia. Keywords: crime, education, unemployment, income inequality, poverty.
Keyword: crime, education, unemployment, income inequality, poverty

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable