Judul: Virological and Immunological Studies of Dengue Virus Infection in Pigtail Macaques (Macaca nemestrina).
Abstrak: Dengue virus infections have caused a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The geographical distribution, the frequency of epidemic cycle and the number of cases have been increasing at an alarming rate and highlighted the urgency of DEN vaccine (WHO 2005; Raviprakash et al. 2009). The clinical manifestations of DEN infections range from mild dengue fever (DF) with high fever, headache, rash, and bone and muscle pain up to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with evidence of thrombocytopenia, bleeding, plasma leakage and shock. The severe manifestation cause a high mortality rate particularly in children (WHO 2005). Since the 1980s, epidemiological data revealed that 85% of DHF and DSS were heterologous secondary infections and immunopathological response to heterologous secondary infection has been hyphothesized leading to DHF pathogenesis (Halstead 1983). Antibody produced following primay DEN infection confers the protection to homologous infection, however, heterologous secondary infection may still occur. The pre-existing, non-neutralizing antibodies binds DEN viruses and these complexes, then bind the target cells via the FcγRI and FcγII, resulting in increased viral load, shortened incubation period and increased disease severity (Fink et al. 2006). Meanwhile, DEN specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are suggested to have a low binding affinity for the current serotype, and consequently, inefficient to clear the infection (Fink et al. 2006). The limitations of DEN study in human have hampered the understanding of these two components of adaptive immunity, antibody and T lymphocyte, in the pathogenesis of DHF.
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Judul: Profil Antibodi IgM dan IgG pada Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) setelah Diinfeksi Virus Dengue Serotipe-3 (DEN-3) melalui Rute Intravena
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to detect IgM and IgG in pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) primarily innoculated by Dengue virus serotype-3 (DEN-3) by intravenous route. A total of 84 plasma samples were examined in the study. Plasma samples were taken on day 0 before infection, followed by plasma collections on day 1 through day 13 post infection. The obtained plasma samples were analyzed using indirect ELISA test. The results showed the increasing titer of IgM started on day-3 post infection with its peak occurred on day 11 post infection and started to decline afterward; while the IgG titer started to increase on day 6 or day 7 post infection and continue to increase until the day 13 post infection. These results showed that in a primary infection of DEN-3 byintravenous route, the tendency of IgM titer increase was higher than the IgG titer increase; also shown that the IgM titer increase was occured earlier than IgG. The profile of IgM and IgG antibodies is outlined in this study.
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Judul: Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Kedai Kopi Maraca Books and Coffee Menuju Penerapan Green Business
Abstrak: Maraca Books and Coffee adalah salah satu bisnis di bidang Food & Beverages (F&B) kategori kedai kopi. Maraca memiliki visi yang belum terealisasikan pada kedai kopinya, yaitu menjalankan bisnis yang selaras dengan kelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi model bisnis Maraca sehingga didapatkan strategi dan pembaharuan Business Model Canvas (BMC) yang mengacu pada prinsip green business. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode BMC dan Matriks SWOT dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasilnya, didapatkan strategi utama untuk menjalankan kedai kopi berorientasi green business yaitu melakukan positioning dengan mengedepankan value green business, bermitra dengan bidang usaha terkait yang bervisi serupa, dan optimalisasi pemasaran digital. Berdasarkan hasil rumusan strategi, pembaharuan BMC yang diterapkan adalah optimalisasi pada enam elemen model bisnis yaitu customer segments, value propositions, customer relationships, key resources, key activities, dan key partnerships.
Keyword: BMC, SWOT, strategi, green business