Judul: Representasi Sosial Tentang Kota pada Komunitas Miskin di Perkotaan (Kasus: Sebuah Komunitas Miskin di Wilayah Kelurahan Kebayoran Lama Selatan, Kecamatan Kebayoran Lama, Jakarta Selatan, Provinsi DKI Jakarta)
Abstrak: Indonesia is a developing country which has focused on development. However, the development and acceleration of economic growth that occurred in Indonesia has not been evenly distributed in every province. This gives rise to a phenomenon of population movement (migration) occurring in rural communities who migrate to urban areas which eventually give rise to a phenomenon of urban poverty. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of poor communities in urban areas and to identify social representations about the city on poor communities in urban areas. The study was held in RT 004 RW 011, Kelurahan Kebayoran Lama Selatan, Kecamatan Kebayoran Lama, South Jakarta, DKI Jakarta Province. The number of respondents is 40 local poor peoples who elected by incidental sampling. Data collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews with respondents and informants. The characteristics of poor communities are generally aged between under 25 to more than 54 years old, the majority of respondents are women, and generally work in the informal sector. The level of education of respondents are elementary school level (SD) or equivalent to high school level (high school) or equivalent. The income that can be obtained by poor communities were Rp. 100.000.00 up to Rp.1.500.000.00 per month. Overall poor communities did rural-urban migration between 1970 until 2010. The reason was to find a job, looking for experience, come to join her parents and husband, and generally they spent a time in a location was between 1 to 30 years. The frequency of returning home is zero to more than 4 times in the past year. Most of them do not choose the location as the first residence in the city. There are 4 kinds of type of social representations about the city and the poor. The dominant type of social representations about city is type a place to earn money. Beside that, the dominant type of social representations about the poor is underprivileged person.
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Judul: The state of empowerment for urban poor families in improving their welfare (case in North Jakarta and Bekasi)
Abstrak: Pembangunan wilayah perkotaan yang begitu pesat dibandingkan dengan pembangunan di daerah, semakin menjadi daya tarik masyarakat daerah untuk melakukan urbanisasi besar-besaran. Proses urbanisasi masyarakat daerah tanpa dibekali dengan tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang memadai, berpotensi menjerumuskan mereka kepada kehidupan yang marginal. Melalui tingkat persaingan hidup yang sangat tinggi di perkotaan, menyebabkan sebagian dari mayarakat tersebut hidup dalam garis kemiskinan. Sebagian dari keluarga miskin di perkotaan tinggal di bantaran kali, di bawah jembatan, di pinggiran rel kereta api serta di daerah-daerah kumuh lainnya. Masyarakat-masyarakat tersebut digolongkan dan dikategorikan sebagai keluarga miskin miskin di perkotaan. Pada sebagian masyarakat perkotaan yang tergolong miskin tersebut berawal dari kondisi keluarga yang tidak memiliki keberdayaan di dalam memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Menjelaskan dan Menganalisis keberdayaan keluarga miskin di Kota Jakarta Utara dan Kota Bekasi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarganya; (2) Menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik kelompok dan intervensi pemberdayaan terhadap keberdayaan keluarga miskin di Kota Jakarta Utara dan Kota Bekasi dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarganya; (3) Menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik individu, sumber daya keluarga, lingkungan sosial, dan intervensi pemberdayaan terhadap keberdayaan keluarga miskin di Kota Jakarta Utara dan Kota Bekasi; (4) Menjelaskan dan menganalisis pengaruh keberdayaan keluarga terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan keluarga miskin di Kota Jakarta Utara dan Kota Bekasi; dan (5) Merumuskan strategi pemberdayaan keluarga miskin dalam meningkatkan kesejahteraan keluarga miskin di Kota Jakarta Utara dan Kota Bekasi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kota Jakarta Utara dan Kota Bekasi, khususnya di kecamatan yang masyarakatnya terdapat kelompok keluarga miskin. Penelitian ini menggunakan kombinasi jenis penelitian eksplanatori-korelasional dan penelitian partisipatori. Penentuan sampel penelitian ini menggunakan penarikan sampel secara berkelompok atau Cluster Random Sampling sebanyak 306 orang. Dalam penelitian ini tehnik analisis data yang digunakan adalah path analysis (analisis jalur).
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity