Judul: Finding Reference Intervals of Temperature, Heart Rate and Respiratory Rate of German Shepherds in Bogor, Indonesia
Abstrak: Reference intervals are ideally defined on apparently healthy individuals and should be distinguished from clinical decision limits that are derived from known diseased patients. The objectives of this research were to obtain the reference intervals of temperature, heart rate and respiratory rate of German Shepherds in Bogor, Indonesia. 13 male German Shepherd dogs were used, 8 young and 5 mature. 13 female German Shepherds were used, 5 young and 8 mature. Temperature was obtained using an infrared thermometer, heart rate was obtained using the stethoscope and respiratory rate was observed visually. The reference interval of temperature for German Shepherds using temporal artery thermometry is 38.0°C-39.0°C. The reference interval of heart rate for German Shepherds from ages 4 months to less than 2 years is 80-116 beats per minute (bpm), while from ages 2 years to 10 years is 82 to 108 bpm. The observed interval of respiratory rate for German Shepherds is 25-29 breaths per minute in ages 4 months to less than 2 years and 20-35 breath per minute in ages 2 years to 10 years. However, the results obtained does not differ due to the effects of environment temperature.
Keyword: German Shepherd, heart rate, reference intervals, respiratory rate, temperature

Judul: Digital-Based Data Acquisition To Measure Horse's Physiological Response To Microclimate Change
Abstrak: Metode non-invansif merupakan cara mengetahui kondisi umum tubuh tanpa melakukan kontak fisik. Alat yang dapat digunakan adalah kamera termal inframerah untuk suhu permukaan dan sabuk sensor pernapasan untuk mengukur laju pernapasan. Kondisi mikroklimat adalah suatu pengukuran untuk mengetahui kondisi lingkungan disekitarnya, seperti suhu lingkungan dan kelembaban lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur laju pernapasan, frekuensi denyut jantung, dan suhu permukaan tubuh kuda pada pagi dan siang hari sebagai representasi perubahan mikroklimat dengan sistem akuisisi digital selama 5 hari. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada pagi jam 06.00–07.30 WIB dan siang jam 12.00–13.30 WIB. Hasil perhitungan temperature humidity index (THI) menunjukkan pada pagi hari kuda dalam keadaan cekaman panas ringan dan pada siang hari mengalami cekaman panas sedang. Laju pernapasan dan frekuensi denyut jantung pada pagi dan siang hari memiliki nilai yang berbeda secara nyata yang di akibatkan karena perbedaan kondisi mikroklimat pagi dan siang hari. Laju pernapasan kuda pada pagi hari 9–13 kali/menit dan siang hari 14–19 kali/menit. Frekuensi denyut jantung kuda pada pagi hari 34–44 kali/menit dan siang hari 37–46 kali/menit. Suhu permukaan tertinggi ada di regio kepala dengan nilai 33,84–34,15 °C dan suhu permukaan terendah pada regio kaki depan dengan nilai 29,30–31,76 °C., A non-invasive method is a way to know the general condition of the body without the need of physical contact. The tools used are an infrared thermal camera to record surface temperature and a respiratory sensor belt for respiratory rate. Microclimate conditions are a measurement to determine the surrounding environmental conditions, such as ambient temperature and environmental humidity. This study aims to measure the horse’s respiratory rate, heart rate, and body surface temperature in the morning and afternoon as a representation of microclimate changes with a digital acquisition system for 5 days. Data collection was carried out in the morning at 06.00–07.30 WIB and afternoon at 12.00–13.30 WIB. The temperature–humidity index (THI) calculation results show that in the morning the horses are in a state of mild heat stress and in the afternoon they experience moderate heat stress. Respiratory rate and heart rate frequency in the morning and afternoon have significant variation of values due to differences in microclimatic conditions in the morning and afternoon. The horse's respiratory rate in the morning is 9–13 times/minute and during the day is 14–19 times/minute. The horse's heart rate is 34–44 times/minute in the morning and 37–46 times/minute during the day. The highest surface temperature is at the head region with a value of 33,84–34,15°C and the lowest surface temperature is at the forelimb region with a value of 29,30–31,76°C.
Keyword: Heart Rate, Infrared Thermal Camera, Microclimate, Respiratory

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf