Judul: The soft system methodology approach for smes development in center of fish and shrimp crackers processing industry
Abstrak: Industry competition currently require the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) have competitive advantage. The study aims to formulate a policy alternate for SMEs development of center of fish and shrimp crackers processing industry in Indramayu by soft systems methodology (SSM) approach and new institutionalism in economics and sociology (NIES) with the specific purpose are: to analyze the main problems that occur, to formulate institutional framework, and to develop strategy for SMEs. Considering any problematic situation that needs to be improved, then used three-level analysis of the level of institutional macro, meso, and micro which based on the NIES, and using the SSM-based action research as a methodology. Based on the analysis of the competitiveness of SMEs obtained that the center is low, due to some problems faced at the macro level, (1) organizing, and (2) programs, activities, and budget; the meso level: the role of cooperative institution and associations, and at the micro level, (1) the capacity of human resources, (2) capital compliance, and (3) adequacy of raw material. The NIES framework using for SMEs development in the three levels of overall institutional framework shows (1) regulation, (2) the role of cooperatives institution and associations, and (3) internal constraints/problems in supporting the achievement of competitiveness of the center. These interrelationships form a synergistic relationship in three levels based on the competitiveness of the institutional framework, as follow (1) relationship in a top-down (macro-to meso and micro); and (2) relationships in a bottom-up (micro-to meso to macro). Development strategy for SMEs are improving capacity of the center which competitive supported by appropriate policies from the central and local government, through the strategy as follow (1) the establishment of the secretariat/working group for SMEs development to manage duties and functions; (2) mechanism to accommodate by the aspirations of the community; (3) increasing role of cooperatives institution and associations as a facilitator for SMEs interest in micro level, (4) increasing the capacity of human resources; (5) fulfillment of capital, and (6) adequacy of raw materials.
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Judul: Design model of development strategy for sesame agroindustry (Sesamum indicum L.)
Abstrak: The research on design model of development strategy for sesame agroindustry (Sesamum indicum L.) was carried out using the system approach. The aims of research was to formulate model for development strategy of small-scale agroindustry for sesame which can be used by decision maker in development of sesame agroindustry. The output of research is on the model of comprehensive small-scale Sesame Agroindustry which accommodate stakeholders needs the model can be effectively used as a tool by decision maker in accordance with conditional changing and development of information.
Keyword: intitutional pattern of agroindustrial cooperation, small-scale Sesame Agroindustry, development strategy, raw material evaluation, competitiveness of products

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan