Judul: Formulasi Sereal Susu Berbahan Baku Sorgum sebagai Pangan Sarapan
Abstrak: Sorghum can be used as a basic ingredient in developing ready to eat cereals. The general aim of this study was to develop cereal milks based beverages with sorghum as a main ingredient. The materials used to make cereal milk sorghum were milk powder, sorghum flour, sugar, cocoa powder, vanillin powder, and salt. This study covered two stages of experiment, i.e. preliminary and main experiments. The objective of preliminary study was to produce sorghum flour that can be rehydrated and has good characteristics. Flour that can be rehydrated known as pragelatinized flour. Pragelatinized sorghum flour can be achieved by studying the comparison of the amount of water added in the cooking stage that studied in the preliminary experiment. The ratio of coarse sorghum flour and water (w/v) tested were 1 : 2.5, 1 : 3, 1 : 3.5, 1 : 4, 1 : 4.5. The physical properties of the products resulted such as yield, water solubility index, and the rehydration time were analyzed. Based on these test results, the ratio of flour and water to be used in the main study was 1 : 4. The main study aimed to get a cereal milk formula that was suitable and acceptable by consumers. Variables observed on the main research in determining the optimum formulation of cereal milk were the amount of pragelatinized sorghum flour and milk powder added. The organoleptic test conducted showed that the formulation with a ratio of milk and pragelatinized sorghum flour 3 : 7 was chosen. Based on proximate analysis, the chosen formula contain (dry basis) 5.82% moisture content, 5.87% fat, 8.16% protein, 2.73% ash, and 83.24% carbohydrate. Chosen formula also contain 14.76% dietary fibre and total phenolic compound 3.28 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent)/ g product. Financial analysis that has been done shows milk cereal product development is feasible.
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Judul: Pengembangan Produk Sereal Sarapan Siap Santap Berbasis Sorgum (Sorghum bicolor L.) Dengan Metode Ekstrusi
Abstrak: Nutritious, easy and fast to serve breakfast cereal is becoming a solution for urban people which has less time in the morning due to early business. Endogenous cereal, such as sorgum, would become an alternative to flour to produce breakfast cereal, with its superiority as dry climate resistant plant and having sustainable production, so as to support national food security. With high flexibility, control, and production, twin-screw extrusion method was used to produce the breakfast cereal. The preliminary research determines materials that would be suitable to create acceptable texture, color, and taste of the extrudate. The main research showed the suitable amount of tapioca and emulsifier might be used to produce well-textured and preferable product. Product with 100% sorgum, 15% flour sugar, 10% cocoa powder, 4% vegetable oil, and 1% salt was the best to produce acceptable texture, color, and taste of the extrudate. Replacement of 10% sorgum with tapioca and the addition of 1% emulsifier resulted in preferable product in hedonic rating and best characteristic in physical analysis. Acceptance test to target consumer with different social-economy level was done, resulting in good response of the panelist toward the product. Feasibility study was also done to provide a reference if small-scale industry of the product might be feasible. With the period of 5 years project for the production level of 5.5 tones/month, the NPV value is Rp 30.413.824-, the IRR value is 14% (at discount rate of 13%), the net Benefit Cost Ratio is 1.01, and Payback Period at 4 years 25 days, so as to conclude that the project is feasible.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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