Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Penambahan Enzim Papain secara Ante-Mortem terhadap Sifat Fisiko Kimia Daging Kambing Tua Jantan
Abstrak: Keempukan, citarasa, dan warna merupakan faktor kualitas utama daging bagi konsumen. Diantara ketiga ha1 tersebut, keempukan memegang peranan terpenting. Secara alami keempukan dapat dicapai dengan pemeraman. Penggunaan enzim merupakan cara lain untuk meningkatkan keempukan. Dalam penelitian ini kambing kacang tua jantan disuntikkan enzim sebanyak 0.5ml/kg berat hewan dengan aktivitas 1000 TU, melalui vena jugularis 10-15 menit sebelum menyernbelihan Daging paha belakang diperam selama 0,6, dan 12 jam pada I suhu 4°C. Daging ini kemudian dianalisa terhadap sifat fisik (warna dan keempukan), sifat kimiawi (pH, daya ikat air, dan profl cita rasa), dan organoleptik (wama, ke- I empukan, aroma daging, dan kesukaan).
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Judul: Pengaruh Proses Perendaman dalam larutan Enzim Papain dan Penyimpanan terhadap Keempukan Daging Kambing Betina Tua
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh proses perendaman daging kambing betina tua dalam berbagai jenis larutan enzim papain serta pengaruh penyimpanan terhadap perubahan sifat mutu daging yang diberi perlakuan perendaman yang dibandingkan dengan masing-masing daging segarnya (tanpa perlakuan/pembanding). Perlakuan perendaman tersebut berupa perendaman dalam larutan enzim papain komersial dengan konsentrasi 1%; 2%; 3%; dan 4%; larutan enzim papain kristal 0,1%; 0,2%; 0,3% dan 0,4%; larutan getah pepaya 0,2%; 0,4%; 0,6% dan 0,8% serta larutan enzim papain murni 0,02%; 0,04%; 0,06% dan 0,08% dengan waktu perendaman untuk tiap-tiap konsentrasi adalah 10,20,30 dan 40 menit.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite