Judul: Hydroxyapatite coating on metal alloys CoCrMo-TiN with Sol-Gel method
Abstrak: Hidroksiapatit (HAp) disintesis dengan metode presipitasi-sonikasi menggunakan sumber kalsium dari serbuk cangkang keong sawah dan sumber fosforus dari (NH4)2HPO4. Kadar kalsium diukur menggunakan spektofotometer serapan atom sebesar 82.82%. Suhu diragamkan pada 600, 800, dan 1000 oC untuk menentukan suhu terbaik pelapisan. Suhu terbaik tersebut digunakan untuk melapiskan HAp pada paduan logam CoCrMo-TiN menggunakan metode sol-gel termodifikasi. Lapisan yang menempel pada paduan logam diidentifikasi dengan diffraksi sinar X (XRD) dan uji korosi. Hasil XRD menunjukkan sebagian besar permukaan paduan logam CoCrMo-TiN terlapisi oleh HAp. Selain HAp, terdapat fase lain seperti kalsium fosfat, apatit karbonat tipe A dan tipe B. Hasil uji korosi paling baik ditunjukkan pada paduan logam CoCrMo-TiN yang terlapisi HAp dengan laju korosi paling kecil, yaitu 0.0082 mpy., Hydroxyapatite is synthesized by precipitation-sonification using calcium from field snail shell powder phosphorus from (NH4)2HPO4. The calcium level measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer was 82.82%. The temperatures were varied on 600, 800, and 1000 oC to determine the best temperature of the coating. The best temperature was used to superimpose the HAp on the CoCrMo-TiN metal alloy using the modified sol-gel method. The layer on the metal alloy was identified with x-ray diffraction (XRD) and corrosion test. The XRD result showed that most of the CoCrMo-TiN metal alloy surface was coated by HAp. Beside HAp, there were several other phases such as calcium phosphate, carbonate apatite type A and type B. The best result of the corrosion test was showed in CoCrMo-TiN metal alloy coated with HAp with the smallest corrosion rate 0.0082 mpy. Key words: hydroxyapatite, metal alloys CoCrMo-TiN, precipitation-sonification, sol-gel modified
Keyword: hidroksiapatit, paduan logam CoCrMo-TiN, presipitasi-sonikasi, sol-gel termodifikasi

Judul: Pelapisan hidroksiapatit pada logam CoCrMo dengan metode biomimetik
Abstrak: Coating of hydroxyapatite (HAp) is an attempt to improve biocompatibility and prevent the cytotoxic properties of CoCrMo metal commonly used as an implant material . HAp coating was carried out by using a biomimetic method by immersing the metal in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The SBF concentration was varied into 4 types, SBF A (SBF without NaHCO3 and MgCl2.6H20), SBF B (2.5× SBF), SBF C (5× SBF), and SBF D (7.5× SBF). After 48 hours soaked in SBF B, C, and D solutions, the HAp was uniformly spreaded on the surface. The thicknesses were 50, 100 and 200 μm, respectively for SBF B, C and D as measured by SEM. The apatite from each coated metal characterize by using XRD. The results indicated the presence of HAp coating by immersion in SBF C. This best coating condition (5xSBF) was performed on the nitridated CoCrMo metal to increase its biocompatibility, however the HAp was not formed.
Keyword: SBF, hydroxyapatite, CoCrMo, biomimetic

Judul: Dynamics Model for Rural and Urban Economic Growth
Abstrak: Lewis theory of structural change has focused on mechanisms that allow countries to transform their domestic economic structure to a more modern economy. The proposed model deals with the mechanism of interaction between rural and urban Economic. This model is concerned with the process of labor transfer from rural to urban areas. This study aims to model the dynamics of economic growth in rural and urban areas, including determining the equilibrium solution and to carry out simulation of the model. The simulation results show that the transfer of labor from rural to urban areas will increase the rate of change of capital so that structural changes can be realized. In addition, increased propensity to save in rural areas will also accelerate structural change
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