Judul: Parenting Styles, Grandparenting Practices, and Emotional Intelligence Among Elementary School Children
Abstrak: Kecerdasan emosional adalah kemampuan untuk memerhatikan, memahami, dan mengatur emosi untuk memandu pikiran dan perilaku. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh gaya pengasuhan orang tua dan praktik pengasuhan kakek-nenek terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak usia sekolah dasar. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan di antara ketiga variabel yang diteliti. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah sampel penelitian sebanyak 55 orang siswa sekolah dasar, 55 orang tua siswa, dan 55 orang kakek-nenek siswa. Uji hubungan menunjukkan gaya pengasuhan autoritatif memiliki hubungan positif signifikan dengan kecerdasan emosional anak usia sekolah dasar. Selanjutnya, praktik pengasuhan negatif kakek-nenek memiliki hubungan negatif signifikan dengan kecerdasan emosional anak usia sekolah dasar. Hasil uji pengaruh menunjukkan bahwa gaya pengasuhan otoriter orang tua dan praktik pengasuhan negatif kakek-nenek berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak usia sekolah dasar., Emotional intelligence is the ability to pay attention, understand, and regulate emotions to guide thoughts and behavior. This study aimed to identify the influence of parenting styles and grandparenting practices on emotional intelligence among elementary school children. This study also analyzed the relationship between three focused variables. The research method used was purposive sampling and cross sectional method with a total sample of 55 elementary school students, 55 student’s parents, and 55 student’s grandparents. Correlational analyses showed that authoritative parenting style had a significant positive relationship with the emotional intelligence among elementary school children. Furthermore, the negative parenting practices of grandparents have a significant negative relationship with the emotional intelligence among elementary school children. Regression analyses found that authoritarian parenting styles and negative parenting practices of grandparents have a significant negative effect on emotional intelligence of elementary school children.
Keyword: elementary school, emotional intelligence, grandparenting, parenting styles

Judul: The Effect of Parental Marital Age, Economic Pressure, and Mother’s Parenting Style on Early Childhood Emotional Intelligence.
Abstrak: Fenomena usia menikah di bawah umur masih marak terjadi di Indonesia, terutama di masa pandemi. Ketidaksiapan individu dalam menikah dapat memberikan dampak seperti tekanan ekonomi keluarga dan gaya pengasuhan pada anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis adanya pengaruh usia menikah, tekanan ekonomi, dan gaya pengasuhan ibu dalam membentuk kecerdasan emosional anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian explanatory research dengan teknik voluntary sampling. Penelitian ini mendapatkan 154 responden dengan kriteria ibu dengan anak usia dini (2-6 tahun) dan berada di wilayah Jabodetabek. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa usia anak, jenis kelamin, tekanan ekonomi subjektif dan gaya pengasuhan authoritative memiliki hubungan dengan kecerdasan emosional. Selanjutnya, usia ibu saat menikah, usia ayah saat menikah, usia anak, dan gaya pengasuhan authoritative berpengaruh terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak. Pada tekanan ekonomi tidak ditemukan pengaruh terhadap kecerdasan emosional anak. Meningkatkan gaya pengasuhan authoritative pada anak dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan emosional anak usia dini, The phenomenon of underage marriage is still rife in Indonesia, especially during the pandemic. Individual unpreparedness in marriage can have an impact such as family economic pressures and parenting styles on children. This study aims to analyze the influence of parental marital age, economic pressure, and mother's parenting style in shaping early childhood emotional intelligence. This study uses an explanatory research design with voluntary sampling technique. This study obtained 154 respondents with the criteria of mothers with early childhood (2-6 years) and residing in the Greater Jakarta area. Result’s indicated that the child's age, gender, subjective economic pressure and authoritative parenting style have a relationship with emotional intelligence. Furthermore, mother's age at marriage, father's age at marriage, child's age, and authoritative parenting style affect child's emotional intelligence. Economic pressure was not related with child's emotional intelligence. Improving the authoritative parenting style in children can increase the emotional intelligence of early childhood.
Keyword: gaya pengasuhan, kecerdasan emosional, tekanan ekonomi, usia menikah

Judul: Transformation of jatropha seeds (Jatropha curcas L.)  into biodiesel by in situ transesterification
Abstrak: Biodiesel is defined as mono-alkyl esters from transesterification reaction of triglycerides with alkyl alcohol. In situ transesterification is a method to produce biodiesel from oil sources of material by eliminating process steps of oil extraction and refining. The purpose of this research is to study the transformation process of Jatropha seeds into biodiesel by in situ transesterification on the 10 liters scale by studying the influence of reaction time, stirring speed and ratio methanol/hexane/material on the yield and quality of biodiesel. In situ transesterification of Jatropha seeds was carried out under the following process condition: the moisture content of Jatropha seeds were less than 2%, the particles size were ± 20 mesh and KOH concentration was 0.075 mol/L methanol. Operating condition of in situ transesterification was varied at 4 and 6 hours reaction time, 200 and 600 rpm stirring speed and ratio methanol/hexane/material (v/v/w) were 3:3:1, 4:2:1 and 5:1:1. Analysis of variance showed that reaction time, stirring speed and ratio methanol/hexane/material did not significantly affected the yield, acid value, saponification value, ester value, viscosity and ash content of biodiesel. The biodiesel yield was produced between 82.54-87.57%. The best biodiesel yield on all of treatments was 87.57% with condition treatment were reaction time of 6 hours, stirring speed 600 rpm and ratio methanol/hexane/material (v/v/w) of 4:2:1. Acid value, saponification value and ester value of biodiesel were 0.20-0.26 mg KOH/g, 185.49-194.30 mg KOH/g and 185.29-194.10 mg KOH/g respectively. Viscosity of biodiesel was 3.49-6.36 cSt. The ash content of biodiesel was 0%, but the condition treatment, were reaction time of 4 hours, stirring speed of 600 rpm and ratio methanol/hexane/material (v/v/w) of 5:1:1, had ash content of 0.007%. Jatropha cakes had total volatile matter content 1.80-3.64% and extracted material content 3.94-11.42%.
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