Judul: Peningkatan Kekebalan Ikan Lele (Clarias batrachus, L) dengan Penyuntikan Vaksin Aeromonas hydrophila secara Intrapetorial
Abstrak: Penelitian i n i bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tLga sediaan dengan masing-masing tiga dosis vaksin bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila untuk pencegahan penyakit infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan titer antibodi pada ikan lele . Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Instalasi Balai Penelitian Perikanan A i r Tawar Cijeruk, Bogor, mulai tanggal 21 maret sampai 28 April 1988. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial 3 x 4 dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor A meliputi tiga dosis vaksin yaitu 0,2 ml/ekor ikan, 0.3 ml/ekor ikan dan 0,4 ml/ekor ikan. Yaktor B meliputi t i g a sediaan vaksin dan kontrol yaitu llwhole cellI1, "keseluruhan", llsupernatanll dan PBS steril .
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Judul: Meningkatkan daya tahan ikan lele (Clarias batrachus Linn) umur tiga minggu terhadap infeksi aeromonas hydrophila melalui vaksinasi secara perendaman
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dari awal bulan Pebruari sam- pai awal April tahun 1989, di Kolam Percobaan Balai Peneli- tian Perikanan Air Tawar, Cijeruk, Bogor. Tujuannya untuk mengetahui pengaruh berbagai sediaan vaksin ("Whole cell", "Gomplete" dan "Supernatan") dan waktu perendaman (15 dan 30 menit) terhadap infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila dilihat dari kelangsungan hidup ikan lele (C. batrachus, L) umur tiga minggu. Wadah penelitian yang digunakan berupa dua buah kolam tembok, yang masing-masing kolam disekat menjadi 18 bagian dengan kasa plastik. Tiap sekatan berukuran 0,66 x 0,75 x 3 1 M² dan diisi ikan sebanyak 25 ekor. Ikan lele yang digu- nakan berumur tiga minggu dengan bobot awal rata-rata 74,29 mg. Selama penelitian ikan uji diberi pakan berupa remahan pellet (Indofeed, kadar protein 42 %) secara "ad libitum" dengan frekuensi pemberian 3 kali sehari. Vaksin "Whole cell", vaksin "Complete" dan vaksin "Supernatan" yang digu- nakan dibuat dari bakteri A. hydrophila yang sudah dimati- kan pada suhu 100°C. Sedangkan sebagai kontrol digunakan larutan Tryptic Soy Broth (TSB), larutan Phosphat Buffer Saline (PBS) dan air sumber. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 6 x 2 dengan 3 ulangan. Kepadatan bakteri yang digunakan untuk pembuatan vaksin ada- lah 1,81 x 1011 sel/ml (5% transmisi pada 540 nm). Se- telah 30 hari, ikan uji diinfeksi dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila yang patogen dengan cara penyuntikan intraperito- nial sebanyak 0,1 ml/ekor dengan kepadatan 1,2 x 10¹¹ sel/ml. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, bahwa kelangsungan hidup ikan yang direndam dalam vaksin "Whole cell" selama 15 dan 30 menit adalah 65,33 % dan 54,67 %, yang direndam dalam. "Supernatan" yaitu 61,33 % dan 56,00 %; vaksin "Complete" masing-masing 69,33 % dan 50,67 %; larutan PBS masing-masing 66,67 % dan 56,00 %; larutan TSB masing-masing 50,67 % dan 64,00 %; untuk kontrol K masing-masing 69,33 % dan 61,33 %..dst
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite