Judul: Perilaku seksual monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) di Bumi Perkemahan Pramuka Cibubur, Jakarta
Abstrak: Sexual behavior is one of interaction between adult or subadult male and female that has significant role in maintaining group existency. Long-tailed macaques live in multi male multi fe~nale group, polygamous, and has no breeding season. Sosial behavior influenced by sosial hierarchy. Sexual behavior consists of mounting, intromission, thrusting, ejaculation, and dismounting. The objective of this study was to assess sexual behavior of long-tailed macaque (M. fasciszrlaris) in Bumi Perkemahan Pramuka Cihubur, Jakarta. The observation was carried out using ad libitum sampling and focal animal sampling. Daily activities were observed between 06.00 a.m. and 06.00 p.m. for 80 days (329 hour 17 minutes). Sexual activity occured in 2.33 % of total daily activity, and slowed higher frequency in the morning (06.00-10.00 a.m.) than other period of time: afternoon (10.00 a.m.-02.00 p.m.) and evening (02.00-06.00 p.m.). Sexual activity was identified has higher frequency on the ground than other places. The average duration of copulatory was 4.19 second. The high rank male did a lot of copulation, and genital inspect. Mostly, copulation occured without genital inspect. Male and female monkeys are more likely to take a rest after copulation.
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Judul: Perilaku Seksual Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca fascicularis Raffles 1821) di Penangkaran Semi Alami Pulau Tinjil, Kabupaten Pandeglang, Provinsi Banten
Abstrak: Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis Raffles 1821) is one of primate species that has not been protected in Indonesia. The wild caught tended to exceed the wild capture quotas that have been set by the government (Rameiyanti & Purnama 2008). This wild capture can reduce the sustainability of this species, so it should be an effort to prevent extinction by conservation effort such as establishing a captive breeding. One of the most important aspect to the succees of captive breeding is animal reproduction, especially sexual behavior. By knowing the sexual behavior of the macaque, it can be known about the appropriate form of management in order to produce a suitable animal production. The objectives of this study were to determine sexual behavior of the long-tailed macaque in Semi Natural Habitat Breeding of Tinjil Island (SNHBTI) and the influences of sexual behavior to daily behavior of long-tailed macaque. This research was conducted in SNHPTI, Pandeglang, Banten from June to August 2009. The study started on 5 to 10 May 2009 to determine location during preliminary observations by establishing the line transect method. Behavioral data was recorded using behavior sampling method during their active time at 06.00-10.00 WIB and 14.00-18.00 WIB. There was 29 group of the macaques in SNHBTI but only group 3 was observe for this study. The sample unit consist of 5 males and 4 females. The result shows that long-tailed macaques in group 3 spent 20% of their active time to eat, 3,9% drinking, 39,6% moving, 21,4% resting, 3,7% grooming, 4,6% agonistic and 6,8% for sexual activity. Sexual activity is frequently done in the morning. This activity also frequently taken place on the trees. The position of the monkey in the social hierarchy positively correlated with the frequency of male sexual behavior and negatively correlated with the frequency of female sexual behavior. There are types of sexual behavior in long-tailed macaque. The highest frequency was approach-genital inspection. Sexual behavior in males have positively correlated with eating, moving, and resting behavior, and also have a significant influence on eating and moving behavior. Sexual behavior at non-pregnant females have negatively correlated and give significant influences to eating behavior. Sexual behavior at pregnant female has negatively correlated with eating behavior, positively correlated and give significant influences to resting behavior.
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Judul: Sintesis kompleks salen Cu/Ni sebagai katalis oksidasi gliserol
Abstrak: Biodiesel sebagai salah satu alternatif pengganti minyak bumi telah menghasilkan produk samping berupa gliserol kasar. Salah satu cara pemanfaatan adalah dengan mengoksidasinya menjadi dihidroksiaseton menggunakan kompleks senyawa salen yang telah dihidrogenasi dengan logam atom pusat Cu dan Ni. Katalis yang dihasilkan dicirikan menggunakan spektrofotometer inframerah transformasi Fourier dan spektrofotometer serapan atom. Kinerja kedua katalis dalam mengoksidasi gliserol telah dibandingkan dengan baik dalam penelitian ini. Oksidasi gliserol dilakukan dengan tambahan katalis sebanyak 5 mol% gliserol dalam campuran gliserol-asetonitril. Reaksi dilakukan dengan melewatkan gas oksigen selama 4 jam pada suhu ruang dalam campuran tersebut. Hasil oksidasi dianalisis menggunakan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi. Puncak kromatogram dari hasil oksidasi yang muncul setelah menit ke-9 menunjukkan terjadinya perubahan gliserol. Produk oksidasi gliserol diduga memiliki gugus fungsi keton karena nilai Rf-nya lebih besar daripada gliserol, yang menandakan senyawa tersebut lebih nonpolar daripada gliserol. Kromatogram yang diperoleh menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas katalis Cu(salen) mengoksidasi gliserol lebih baik ditinjau dari rendemen produk yang dihasilkan dibandingkan dengan Ni(salen). Oksidasi baik dengan Cu(salen) maupun Ni(salen) menghasilkan satu produk oksidasi.
Keyword: Katalis, Ligan salen, Biodiesel