Judul: Reasons of High Unemployment Rate in West Java
Abstrak: Pengangguran merupakan salah satu indikator makroekonomi utama yang digunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan ekonomi suatu daerah. Dalam periode 2017 hingga 2021, angka pengangguran terbuka di Provinsi Jawa Barat cenderung mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya. Peningkatan tertinggi terjadi saat hadirnya pandemi Covid-19 pada tahun 2020 di Indonesia. Namun di sisi lain, Produk Domestik Regional Bruto Jawa Barat yang merupakan indikator pertumbuhan ekonomi cenderung mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis penyebab tingginya angka pengangguran di Provinsi Jawa Barat serta upaya dalam mengatasinya. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder 27 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang kemudian diolah dengan metode analisis berupa analisis kuantitatif data panel dan analisis kualitatif deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Tingginya angka pengangguran disebabkan oleh rendahnya kesempatan kerja, tingkat pendidikan, konsumsi masyarakat, dan tingginya pertumbuhan angkatan kerja di Jawa Barat. Solusi untuk mengurangi angka pengangguran antara lain peningkatan belanja daerah, eskalasi program wajib belajar menjadi dua belas tahun, pemerataan fasilitas kesehatan, serta peningkatan negosiasi dalam upaya penciptaan lapangan pekerjaan., Unemployment is one of the main indicators of macroeconomics which is used to measure the efficacy of a region’s economic development. From the period of 2017 to 2021, the open unemployment rate in West Java Province tends to increase every year. The highest increase occurred during the presence of Covid 19 pandemic in Indonesia at 2020. But on the other hand, West Java’s Gross Regional Domestic Product which is an indicator to calculate the economic growth also tends to increase every year. The purpose of this study is to analyze the reasons of high unemployment rate in West Java Province and solutions to overcome it. Secondary data of 27 regency/municipality in West Java were analyzed quantitatively by panel data analysis and qualitatively by descriptive analysis. The result shows that the low rate of job creation, education index, house hold consumption, and the high growth of labour force causing the high rate of unemployment in West Java. As for the solutions to reduce open unemployment rate are increasing the government expenditure, escalating the compulsory education program to twelve years, creating equal distribution of health facilities, and increasing negotiations as an effort for job creation.
Keyword: Covid-19, Open unemployment, Panel data, Policy, West Java

Judul: Identification of Factor Affecting Open Unemployment Rate in West Java Using Panel Data Regression
Abstrak: Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan provinsi dengan tingkat pengangguran terbuka tertinggi di Indonesia pada tahun 2022 sebesar 8,31%. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan model yang tepat untuk menduga Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) di Provinsi Jawa Barat menggunakan regresi data panel sehingga dapat mengidentifikasi peubah-peubah yang memengaruhinya. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data sekunder yang diperoleh dari BPS selama lima tahun (2018–2022) dan terdiri dari 27 kabupaten/kota. Peubah respon yang diamati adalah tingkat pengangguran terbuka kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Sedangkan, faktor-faktor yang digunakan sebagai peubah penjelas adalah tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, rata-rata lama sekolah, pengeluaran per kapita, laju pertumbuhan penduduk, persentase penduduk miskin, angka partisipasi kasar SMA, produk domestik bruto regional per kapita atas dasar harga konstan, upah minimum kabupaten/kota, penanaman modal asing, dan penanaman modal dalam negeri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model regresi data panel yang sesuai untuk menggambarkan tingkat pengangguran terbuka di Jawa Barat adalah model pengaruh acak spesifik dua arah dengan nilai R2 sebesar 41,71%. Peubah yang berpengaruh signifikan pada taraf nyata 5% adalah tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, laju pertumbuhan penduduk, dan upah minimum kabupaten/kota., West Java is the province with the highest open unemployment rate in Indonesia by 2022, at 8,31%. This research aims to determine the appropriate model for estimating the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) in West Java Province using panel data regression so that it can identify the variables that influence it. The data used in this study are secondary data obtained from BPS for five years (2018–2022) and comprised of 27 districts/cities. The observed response variable is the unemployment rate of the open county/city in the West Java province. The factors used as explanatory variables are the participation rate of the labor force, average school age, per capita output, population growth rate, percentage of the poor population, high school gross participation, regional gross domestic product, district/city minimum wage, foreign capital investment, and domestic capital investment. The study results showed that the panel data regression model suitable to describe the open unemployment rate in West Java was a Random Effect Model with a two-way specific effect influence with an R-squared value of 41,71%. Variables significantly affecting the 5% significance level are the labor force participation rate, population growth rate, and district/city minimum wages.
Keyword: open unemployment rate, panel data regression, random effect model two way, west java

Judul: Color Characteristic of Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Anthocyanin Extracts and Brilliant Blue
Abstrak: Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) is one of potential anthocyanin sources which can be use as a food colorant. Anthocyanin extracts of butterfly pea was evaluated under different concentration, pH, tinctorial strength, and storage conditions and compared to synthetic colorant, brilliant blue. The structure of the largest molecule of anthocyanin in butterfly pea extracts, ternatin A1, made the extracts had a wide range of color spectrum from red in pH 1-2, purple to blue in pH 3-7, and yellow green in pH 8-14. The color of brilliant blue solution showed high stability from pH 1-12. The good stability of brilliant blue was also showed by the score of color density and degradation index.Chromaticity parameters of the samples were evaluated with the score of lightness, chroma, and hue. The hue score of anthocyanin extracts of butterfly pea at pH 4,5 and 7 showed blue to purple while brilliant blue showed blue color at same pH. When both of them were added to yogurt drink (pH 4,5) and rice (pH 7), the food added with anthocyanin extracts became blue-purple and brilliant blue gave bright blue color to the food.
Keyword: chromaticity parameters., tinctorial strength, pH, brilliant blue, anthocyanin extract