Judul: Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji ( Psidium guajava, Linn.) Untuk Meningkatan Efisiensi Penggunaan Protein Ruminansia, Dengan Menggunakan Formaldehid Sebagai Pembanding
Abstrak: Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemakaian bahan pelindung yang teriri atas ekstrak daun jambu biji dan formaldehis terhadap efisiensi penggunaan protein ruminansia telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Ruminologi Departemen Ilmu Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan-IPB, sejak tanggal 10 Pebruari sampai dengan 7 Maret 1981.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan ekstrak daun jambu biji ( Psidium guajava, Linn. ) untuk meningkatan efisiensi penggunaan protein ruminansia, dengan menggunakan formaldehid sebagai pembanding
Abstrak: Penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemakaian bahan pelindung yang terdiri atas ekstrak daun jambu biji dan formaldehid terhadap efisiensi penggunaan protein ruminan- sia telah dilakukan di Laboratorium Ruminologi Departemen Ilmu Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan-IPB, sejak tang- gal 10 Pebruari sampai dengan 7 Maret 1981. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan sistem fer mentasi in vitro selama satu jam dengan menggunakan inkuba tor penangas air bergoyang (shaker bath) Gallenkamp BKS 300-010 F pada suhu 40°C. Parameter yang diukur lima ma cam yaitu Kadar N-amonia netto, Kadar Asam Lemak Atsiri (VFA) netto, Koefisien Cerna Bahan Organik (KCBO), Koefi- sien Cerna Bahan Kering (KCBK) dan Protein total yang ter- bentuk. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok, dengan tujuh macam perlakuan yaitu: Perlakuan A (tanpa bahan pelindung), B (pemakaian ekstrak daun jambu biji 5% (padatan/cairan); C (10% ekstrak), D (15% Ekstrak), E (0.5% formaldehid dari kandungan protein kasar), F(1.0% formaldehid) dan G (1.5% formaldehid). Dengan inokulum berupa cairan rumen tiga ekor sapi yang berasal dari Rumah Potong Hewan Kotamadya Bogor sebagai ulangan. Bahan maka- nan yang diuji adalah bungkil kacang tanah dengan kandung- an protein kasar 30.83%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kadar N-amonia netto lebih rendah pada pemakaian bahan pelindung (P<0.01). De ngan makin meningkatnya dosis bahan pelindung, makin menu- rún kadar N-amonia. Rata-rata kadar N-amonia netto untuk perlakuan A 6.22 mM, B = 5.41 mM, C = 5.23 mM dan D 4. 78 m. Sedangkan dengan formaldehid penurunan ini berben- tuk linier mengikuti persamaan: Y = 5.8454 - 2.4923 Χ. Nilai Y adalah kadar N-amonia netto (mM), X adalah dosis formaldehid (P<0.05). Rata-rata setiap penaikan 1% form- aldehid menurunkan 2.49 mm kadar N-amonia netto....
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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