Judul: Penghilangan Gas H2S dan NH3 dengan Teknik Biofilter pada Ruang Produksi Pabrik Karet PTPN VIII Cikumpay, Purwakarta
Abstrak: Karet alam (natural rubber) yang diperoleh dari tanaman Hevea Braziliensis merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia yang jumlahnya cukup besar. Perkembangan industri karet menyebabkan timbulnya emisi berupa amoniak (NH3) dan hidrogen sulfida (H2S) yang mengganggu kesehatan pekerja pabrik karet. Biofilter adalah teknologi pengendalian pencemaran udara dengan cara menumbuhkan mikroorganisme pada bahan pengisi sehingga terbentuk biofilm atau biolayer yang dapat mengurai bahan-bahan pencemar udara.
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Judul: Penerapan biofilter untuk penghilangan NH3 dan H2S dengan menggunakan bakteri Nitrosomonas sp dan Thiobacillus sp di pabrik latek pekat
Abstrak: Karet merupakan salah satu komoditi hasil pertanian yang sangat besar. Jumlah produksi karet Indonesia pada tahun 2004 mencapai 1.851 juta ton yang terdiri dari perkebunan rakyat dan perkebunan besar. Karena jumlah produksi karet yang sangat besar, maka industri karet di Indonesia mengalami perkembangan seperti industri RSS (Ribbed smoked sheet), karet remah dan lateks pekat. Berkembangnya industri ini menghasilkan masalah baru yaitu pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah pencemaran udara yang dihasilkan dari parik lateks pekat dimana lateks pekat ini membutuhkan amoniak yang cukup banyak dalam proses produksinya dan menghasilkan gas H2S dari limbah cair dan lump. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan teknik biofilter dalam mengatasi permasalahan emisi gas yang dikeluarkan dari pabrik lateks pekat. Tujuan khususnya adalah menentukan kapasitas penyerapan emisi gas pada masing-masing biofilter dan menentukan campuran bahan pengisi tambahan terhadap kinerja biofilter berdasarkan kemampuan menghilangkan emisi gas amoniak dan hidrogen sulfida.
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates