Judul: Kajian Pemilihan Alternatif Penyiangan Gulma Padi Sawah
Abstrak: One of the major problems in organic rice farming is weed eradication activity, or commonly called weeding. Conventional weeding is extremely time consuming work and require a lot of labor. Contrarily, the number of population working in agriculture sector has been decreasing over time in comparison to the industrial sector. To cope with this existing problem, switching from conventional to mechanical or semi-mechanical tools is needed for most agricultureal areas. However, the use of these tools should also take the human factor into consideration so that optimal human-machine system may be possible to be applied. In addition, the design of the equipment should also consider the safety and health as well as ergonomic factors of operator. The objective of the research was to find out the operator workload value and work effectiveness resulting from three weeding activities i.e. hand weeding, semi mechanical weeding and mechanical weeding. Research was conducted in the organic farmers rice fields in Situgede, West Bogor prefecture, Bogor city, West Java. Semi-mechanical weeding involved two types of weeder, namely local gasrok-weeder type (Indonesian weeder) and Japanese roller-weeder type. In order to determine the most appropriate weeding type, the technical (including ergonomics), economic and environmental aspects of each weeding types were investigated. Various data were collected during the experiment such as: (i) weeding performance (manually, semi-mechanical and mechanical/power operated weeder); (ii) ergonomic parameters data (work load factor). Data processing was implemented in fuzzy logic–fuzzy inference system (FIS) for generating fuzzy rules operation. Model input consists of five parameters i.e. work capacity, weeding effectiveness, energy consumption, environment aspect and cost. A Mamdani FIS type with OR fuzzy operator (maximum function) was used to generate the rules for each treatment. The output is the maximum value resulted from 17 combinations rules for each weeder type. Based on the experimental results, the highest weeding performance was achieved by power weeder under flooded and muddy soil conditions. Workload measurements indicated energy requirement of all type (hand weeding, local gasrok weeder type, roller type and mechanical) that a value of energy consumption by female operator is highest than male operator. This is influences with heart rate value each operator. A value of heart rate by female operator is highest than male operator. It is mean that the muscular work of male operator is stronght. The muscular work is influences heart rate levels. For work capacity and weeding effectivity, the largest was achieved by power weeder. Based on weeding selection model using fuzy-FIS, the maximum output value was achieved by mechanical (Power weeder). However, their use should be adjusted to the level of ability, needs and goals to be achieved by user.
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Judul: Requirement Analysis of Agricultural Machinery on Rice Cultivation Based on Physical Workload in Wonogiri Regency
Abstrak: Aktivitas budidaya padi mengharuskan petani sebagai sumber tenaga utama menerima beban kerja. Oleh karena itu, perlu ada peran alsintan untuk meringankan beban kerja petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kebutuhan alsintan serta produktivitas energi dari kegiatan budidaya padi. Secara umum, tahapan dalam penelitian ini adalah pengumpulan data, perhitungan data, dan analisis data dengan metode deskriptif. Kebutuhan alsintan pada kondisi ketersediaan petani maksimum adalah sebesar 303 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 865 unit power weeder untuk penyiangan, dan 41 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Sementara itu untuk kondisi ketersediaan minimum, kebutuhan alsintannya sebesar 481 unit transplanter untuk penanaman, 1.257 unit power weeder untuk penyiangan, 61 unit knapsack power duster untuk pemupukan, dan 164 unit combine harvester untuk pemanenan. Produktivitas energi petani pada ketiga kondisi tersebut masing-masing adalah 0,04 kgGKP/kkal untuk kondisi aktual, 0,05 kgGKP/kkal pada kondisi petani maksimum, dan 0,13 kgGKP/kkal untuk kondisi ketersediaan petani minimum., Rice cultivation activities require farmers as the main source of labor to receive workload. Therefore, there needs to be a role of agricultural machinery to ease the workload of farmers. This research aims to determine the needs of agricultural machinery and energy productivity of rice cultivation activities. In general, the stages in this study are data collection, data calculation, and data analysis with descriptive methods. Agricultural machinery needs in maximum farmer availability conditions are 303 units of transplanter for planting, 865 units of power weeder for weeding, and 41 units of combine harvester for harvesting. Meanwhile, for minimum availability conditions, the needs of agricultural machinery are 481 units of transplanter for planting, 1.257 units of power weeder for weeding, 61 units of knapsack power duster for fertilization, and 164 units of combine harvester for harvesting. Farmers' energy productivity in these three conditions is 0,04 kgGKP/kcal for actual conditions, 0,05 kgGKP/kcal in maximum farmer conditions, and 0,13 kgGKP/kcal for minimum farmer availability conditions.
Keyword: agricultural machinery, the productivity of energy, rice, workload

Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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