Judul: The Price Transmission in Rice Market Chain in Indonesia
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to assess the rice market chain performance, namely price volatility and price transmission among producer, rice miller, wholesaler, and retailer, with respect to the enforcement of rice price stabilization policy in Indonesia. We use the standard deviation of return for price volatility and the Cointegration test and the Error Correction Model for price transmission analysis. The results of this study show that the magnitudes of price volatilities along market chain decrease from producer to retailer. Producer in the upstream faces the highest price volatility at 24,9%, and then ricemiller and wholesaler face the lower price volatility than producer but still high at 18,3% and 18,1%, respectively. Whereas retailer in the downstream faces the stable price at 8,7%. The price transmission analysis concludes that the rice market chain in Indonesia is segmented. The rice price is not transmitted completely from producer to consumer, and vice versa. There are only two markets which are integrated, namely price relationships between producer and ricemiller and between wholesaler and retailer. Meanwhile the price relationships between producer and wholesaler, producer and retailer, ricemiller and wholesaler, and ricemiller and retailer are not integrated.
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Judul: The Price Transmission in Rice Market Chain in Indonesia
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to assess the rice market chain performance, namely price volatility and price transmission among producer, rice miller, wholesaler, and retailer, with respect to the enforcement of rice price stabilization policy in Indonesia. We use the standard deviation of return for price volatility and the Cointegration test and the Error Correction Model for price transmission analysis. The results of this study show that the magnitudes of price volatilities along market chain decrease from producer to retailer. Producer in the upstream faces the highest price volatility at 24,9%, and then ricemiller and wholesaler face the lower price volatility than producer but still high at 18,3% and 18,1%, respectively. Whereas retailer in the downstream faces the stable price at 8,7%. The price transmission analysis concludes that the rice market chain in Indonesia is segmented. The rice price is not transmitted completely from producer to consumer, and vice versa. There are only two markets which are integrated, namely price relationships between producer and ricemiller and between wholesaler and retailer. Meanwhile the price relationships between producer and wholesaler, producer and retailer, ricemiller and wholesaler, and ricemiller and retailer are not integrated.
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Judul: Peran Gambaran Leukosit terhadap Kesembuhan Luka antara H-Plasty dengan Linear Closure pada Kucing Lokal (Felis catus).
Abstrak: Skin wounds commonly seen in veterinary practice can be repaired with a variety of reconstructive choices such as skin flaps. The research purpose is to learn and understand the healing process between skin flap H-Plasty and linear closure in domestic house cats by observing leukocyte profiles. Six male cats divided into two groups were used of which open wounds of 2x2 cm were made on the skin of lateral thorax. In H-Plasty group, 1 cm parallel incisions were made on each sides of the defect, skin is undermined, advanced over the defect and sutured. In linear closure group, the elliptic defect was sutured across the widest part, continued by dividing each remaining segment in half with subsequent sutures. Blood was drawn of 1 ml from the medial saphenous vein for an alternating 3 days of a 12-day period and the profiles’ results were observed. Both flaps showed insignificant differences (P>0.05) in the profiles of segmented neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes whereas significant differences (p<0.05) was seen in the profiles of leukocytes, banded neutrophils and eosinophils when compared between observation time. The profiles’ results were all within reference range, therefore both skin flaps can be used to close wounds.
Keyword: cats, H-plasty, leukocyte profile, linear closure, wound healing