Judul: Kajian Peningkatan Kapasitas Proses Co-Composting Blotong dan Abu Ketel
Abstrak: Co-composting at industrial scale can be applied for utilization of filter cake and boiler ash. For applying in industrial scale, study on composting performance in larger capacity was needed. The purpose of this research was to study the performance of composting process in large scale compared with laboratory scale as reference for industrial implementation. The parameters in scale increasing consist of the C/N decrease rate and the effect of aeration for 60 days of composting. Increased composting capacity was done by increasing the capacity of 5 kg to 120 kg. Constant factor in the increase in capacity is congruency geometry, aeration rate and the value of C/N beginning 40. The result showed that composting process at 120 kg scale was not different from 5 kg scale, in which the temperature formed in mesophilic phase, pH level was neutral and optimum moisture content. The rate of decrease C/N was, 1.3675 / day with yield of 68.97% and the estimated time of compost for 20 days. There was no effect of 14 aeration during compost of 120 kg at a rate of decrease C/N. B/C ratio in the analysis of business of industrial compost capacity was 1.42, that means it could be implemented.
Keyword: boiler ash, filter cake, increased capacity, co-composting

Judul: Evaluasi Kinerja Co-composting Bagas dengan Blotong pada Kapasitas Proses yang Ditingkatkan
Abstrak: Penelitian untuk menentukan kondisi optimum proses co-composting bagas dan blotong pada skala laboratorium telah dilakukan. Namun, untuk dapat diaplikasikan di industri perlu dilakukan evaluasi terhadap kinerja co-composting dengan membandingkannya pada skala yang lebih besar. Parameter kinerja utama yang dievaluasi meliputi kinetika proses berupa laju pengomposan serta pengaruh aerasi terhadap laju penurunan C/N. Peningkatan skala co-composting dilakukan dengan memperbesar kapasitas produksi dari 5 kg (skala laboratorium) menjadi 100 kg. Faktor yang dipertahankan berupa kesamaan geometri reaktor, laju aerasi dan nilai C/N awal. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian didapatkan proses co-composting pada kapasitas 100 kg memberikan laju pengomposan yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kapasitas 5 kg. Selain itu perlakuan aerasi selama proses co-composting kapasitas 100 kg tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap laju penurunan C/N. Hal ini dikarenakan perbedaan densitas dan kecepatan alir udara yang membuat kondisi proses keduanya berbeda.
Keyword: evaluasi, kinerja, co-composting, C/N, aerasi

Judul: Pemodelan Nilai Tukar Rupiah terhadap Dollar Amerika Menggunakan Deret Waktu Hidden Markov Empat Waktu Sebelumnya
Abstrak: The exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar fluctuates according to time in a long period. An existing exchange rate might happen again in the future. Assume that the causes of the fluctuation are not observed directly and form a Markov chain, then the exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar can be modeled by the hidden Markov time series. In this research, the model used to describe the exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar is the four previous time in hidden Markov time series. This model assumes that the exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar depends on Markov chain explained by the cause of occurence and the four previous exchange rates of Rupiah to US Dollar. The model parameter is estimated by using the maximum likelihood method, while the estimation itself is calculated using the expectation maximization algorithm, which is implemented using Mathematica. After estimating the parameter, the exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar are calculated. The results are as follows. The symmetric mean absolute percentage error (SMAPE) is 2,1%, the maximum absolute error is 19,16%, the minimum absolute error is 0,0036%, and only 1,95% of the whole absolute percentage error that is bigger than 10%. These results show that the four previous time in hidden Markov time series can describe the exchange rate of Rupiah to US Dollar very well.
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