Judul: Formulation of Participatory Monitoring on Land and Water Quality for Land-use Planning Program in Laos
Abstrak: Land use planning (LUP) is believed to be able to increase biodiversity, agriculture production and livelihood in remote areas. But until recently, it is eminent that in many developing countries that apply the LUP, environmental degradation continues and much of people living in rural and forested areas remain the poorest of the poor. The impact of LUP is poorly evaluated and understood. The objective of this study is to formulate an effective and applicable participatory monitoring system in the context of LUP in Laos. Participatory Action Research (PAR) was used to accommodate different stakeholders, i.e. communities, local government and researchers, in developing the monitoring system and integrating both scientific and local knowledge. The research was carried out from 2009 to the end of 2010 at seven villages and one sub-village in Khumban Muangmuay, Viengkham district, Laos. The results show that participatory monitoring could inform management decision in LUP by showing what trends are happening in the productivity of land for rice field agriculture and in the quality of drinking-water. Participatory monitoring provides alternatives for local government to cope their lack of human and financial resources by sharing the activities at village level to the communities and by reducing the cost. Integration of scientific and local knowledge brings more accurate, faster, cheaper and applicable system of monitoring to the impact of LUP on land productivity and drinking water quality. Participatory monitoring able to facilitate all stakeholders’ perceptions, knowledge and responsibilities in informing decisions of land management, in the context of LUP, that will conserve environment, alleviate poverty and reduce negative impacts on local livelihoods.
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Judul: Studi Perencanaan Pengelolaan DAS dengan Model Optimasi Penggunaan Lahan di Bagian Hulu DAS Mahakam
Abstrak: Land use which is not in accordance with the land capability, will cause land degradation. In Indonesia, there is progressive increase of critical land area size, every year, and this exerts an impact toward watershed damage. Objectives which are sought in the planning of watershed management often negate each other because from one point of view, there is a desire to maintain natural resources sustainability, and from other (economic) point of view, there is a desire to increase farmer's income. In order to obtain a model for planning sustainable watershed management, land use optiminazation was conducted and designed using the analysis of Linear Goals Programming (L GP) The study area had the size of 29 686 ha, comprising 3 subdistricts (namely Damai, Barong Tongkok and Melak) that were situated in the district of Kutai Barat, the province of East Kalimantan. The formulation of model for land use optimization was designed to achieve four targets, namely peak discharge. reduced rate of erosion (so that it is equal with or smaller than the targeted discharge and tolerable soil loss), ability of each farmer family to fulfill the need for food and rice, and ability of on farm income to create appropriate level of welfare. Research unit was homogeneous land unit. Data source for model input came from improvement of cropping pattern and alternative agrotechnology which was conducted by using simulation of CP factor. Data processing and analysis used the method of SCS, USLE and farm analysis. On the other hand, the completion of model used software General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and Arcview 3,2. Land use with existing cropping pattern gave peak discharge of 116.39 m3/seconcj, erosion between 157-876 tonlha, production of upland rice 1.52 ton GKPlhalyear, and income Rp 3 268 636,-halyear. On the other hand, optimum land use pattern from the six scenarios model, showed better results as compared with the existing condition because ecologically, the land use could maintain the stability of peak discharge, and reduce erosion to the level below the targeted value. Although scenario model la and llla (with land use composition in the form of non irrigated rice field and dry land crop field) gave better result than those of existing conditions, but the occurring erosion were still higher than those in scenario model I, 11, Ill, and IV (with land use composition in the form of non irrigated rice field, dry land crop field, and estate field). This was because the priority for achieving erosion target in scenario la and llla was only up to the tolerable rate of soil erosion. Testing of scenario model I, 11, Ill, and IV showed that there was a tendency for increasing proportion of dry land crop field area size, but on the other hand, decreasing proportion of non irrigated rice field and estate field area size, if the target of achieving living standard is continuously increased. Spatially, recommendation that could be given for /and units of non irrigated rice field, dry land crop field and estate field is in the form of cropping pattern and agrotechnology LI *, L3b* ,
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Judul: Metode penanggulangan fraktura tibialus pada anjing
Abstrak: Fraktura didefinisikan sebagai suatu disrupsi dari kontinuitas sebuah tulang (Denny, 1980). Secara umum dalam kehidupan sehari-hari fraktura diartikan sebagai patah tulang. Umumnya fraktura disebabkan oleh perlukaan langsung karena adanya trauma, misalnya karena tertabrak kendaraan atau terjatuh. Suatu kekerasan atau tekanan tidak langsung juga dapat bertindak sebagai penyebab terjadinya fraktura (Denny, 1980; Brinker, 1984). Penyakit- penyakit tulang yang diderita tubuh, misalnya neoplasma tulang, osteomalasia dan rickets merupakan faktor predisposisi terjadinya fraktura karena penyakit-penyakit tersebut dapat menyebabkan destruksi dan kelemahan tulang sehingga dengan trauma yang ringan saja sudah dapat menyebabkan terjadinya fraktura. Hewan yang mengalami fraktura selain merasa sakit juga dapat menderita cacat pada bagian atau anggota tubuh yang mengalami fraktura. Cacat ini dapat bersifat semen- tara atau permanen. Pada hewan yang mengutamakan penampilan, seperti anjing pacu dan anjing hias, cacat ini me- rupakan hal yang sangat merugikan. Banyak faktor yang dapat menyebabkan terjadinya cat pada hewan yang mengalami fraktura, antara lain derajat fraktura, cepatnya penanggulangan dan metode penanggulangan. Cacat akibat fraktura dapat dihindari atau dikurangi bila fraktura ditangani dengan segera dan ditanggulangi dengan metode yang tepat dan baik. Secara klinis fraktura ditandai dengan adanya gejala deformitas, kebengkakan, kehilangan fungsi, mobilitas abnormal, rasa nyeri, krepitasi dan kelunakan (Frank, 1964; Alexander, 1985). Pemeriksaan radiografis sebagai lanjut- an pemeriksaan klinis sangat membantu dalam menentukan di- agnosa, memperjelas gambaran tulang yang fraktura dan me- nentukan metode pengobatan yang tepat (Alexander, 1985). Fraktura tibialis terjadi bersama dengan fibula, lebih kurang sebanyak 10,2% dari seluruh kejadian fraktura pada anjing (Alexander, 1985). Menurut data klinik FKH- IPB, prosentase kejadian fraktura tibialis lebih kurang sebanyak 18,82% dan menempatkan urutan kedua terbanyak dari seluruh kasus fraktura. Pada umumnya lokasi fraktura…dst
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