Judul: Introduction of Serine Green Fluorescent Protein (sGFP) gene into pyricularia grisea Race dc4 isolated from digitaria ciliaris using agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation
Abstrak: Pyricularia grisea is a rice plant pathogen has been known as the agent causing blast disease. Serin Green Fluorescent Protein (sGFP) gene have been used to monitorised gene expression and virulence of blast-causing fungi that has implication for fungal cell study. This research aimed to introduce sGFP gene into genome of P. grisea dc4 from D. ciliaris using A. tumefaciens. Plasmid sGFP was inserted into A. tumefaciens by triparental mating method (TPM). Genetic transformation was performed by co-cultivating spore P. grisea dc4 with A. tumefaciens LBA4404–pCAMB-sGFP. Pyricularia grisea dc4 transformant was selected by using selection medium that contain hygromycin. The growth test of non transformant P. grisea on OA medium 300 μg/ml hygromycin is slower than P. grisea transformant sGFP that increased rapidly from day 7 until day 21. The integration of sGFP gene into genome was confirmed by PCR using sGFP’s spesific primer pair, sGFP-Nos terminator primer pair and β-Tubulin primer pair as internal control. Expression of sGFP from P. grisea dc4 transformant was detected using fluorescent microscope with a 515 nm bandpass emission filter. Microscopic observation show that the growth of P. grisea dc4 transformant spores started from the basal area which will become the germ tube formation. The transformant P. grisea dc4 showed the ability to infect and to colonize within the host, that is showed by the hyphae fluorescence. This result clearly indicated that P. grisea dc4 which was taken from grass have the ability to infect on susceptible rice varities.
Keyword: Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation, Digitaria ciliaris, Pyricularia grisea dc4, Serine Green Fluorescent Protein.

Judul: Introduction marker gene serin Green Fluorescent Protein (sGFP) to Pyricularia grisea Rases 001 and 173 using Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: Pyricularia grisea (teleomorf: Magnaporthe grisea) is causal agent of rice blast disease. Dominant races of P. grisea attacking rice in Indonesia is 001 and 173 races. Race 001 have low level of virulence but the ability to survive in the field is very high, while the 173 race have high level of virulence, but the ability to survive in field is low. GFP gene has been successfully used as amonitor for a blast disease caused by P. grisea. Therefore, GFP gene could be used to monitor the pathogenesis of both races. Introduction of serin GFP (sGFP) gene into spores of P. grisea by using A. tumefaciens- mediated transformation. sGFP gene has been introduced into A. tumefaciens LBA 4404 by triparental mating. Pyricularia grisea-sGFP was selected using selection medium that contains 300 μg/ml hygromycin. Transformation results shown P. grisea 001 races-sGFP transformant and P. grisea 173 races-sGFP transformant were not different with non-transformant on growth rate. To determine the insertion of sGFP gene into genome of P.grisea was detected by using PCR method with specific primer for sGFP. The result shown that amplification of sGFP gene was successfully and thus indicated that P.grisea 001 races-sGFP and 173 races-sGFP contained sGFP gene.
Keyword: Pyricularia grisea Rases 173, Pyricularia grisea Rases 001, sGFP, A tumefaciens-mediated transformation

Judul: Kestabilan Kesetimbangan Model Cournot
Abstrak: Pasar oligopoli merupakan pasar yang terdiri atas sedikit penjual (Iebih dari satu) pada sisi penawaran dan ban yak pembeli pada sisi permintaan. Pasar oligopoli dengan dua perusahaan disebut pasar duopoli. Setiap penjual diasumsikan bertujuan untuk memaksimumkan laba. Besamya laba yang diperoleh oleh seorang penjual bergantung pada banyak hal, di antaranya pada harga dan strategi yang dipilihnya. Pada pasar oligopoli model Coumot, pemilihan tingkat output atau harga merupakan strategi yang dapat dipilih oleh penjual untuk memaksimumkan laba.
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