Judul: Pengelolaan Lingkungan Pesisir di Kawasan Pengembangan Industri Kota Batam, Provinsi Kepulauan Riau
Abstrak: The strategic geographical location of Batam has geared this region be developed by the government to be an industrial area which has an important value for the national economic aspect of life. This development of industrial area in fact has created an impact to other growing sectors in the region. However, from another side, the existence of the industrial development has resulted degradation to the coastal and marine resources, such as marine pollution and coastal ecosystem destruction (mangrove, coral reef and sea-grasses) including the decrease in fisheries productivity. The environmental degradation in the coastal and marine environment of Batam City was estimated to be more severe which have been triggered by certain agencies that commercially having only depending on short term benefits without taking care of environmental negative impacts. Therefore a proper management is needed taking into account all related aspects in order to minimize the negative impacts towards the minimum limits on the industrial development of Batam City in the coastal and marine environment. The purpose of this study is to know the quality of the coastal and marine environment, identification of issues and available problems, and to set up strategic coastal and marine environmental management based on impact analysis of industrial activities and its development on the water quality in the coastal environment of Batam City. Based on data analysis it could be put forward that in general the condition of the coastal waters of Batam City are not in a favourable situation. This is due to the worst values of the marine water quality and also the threats to the existence of coastal ecosystem and fishery resources. Some profound activities which impacted the condition are, among others, discharge of industrial waste, land clearing through destruction of forest areas and hills, coastal reclamation by way of mangrove area conversion for other purposes. Therefore proper policy guidance for management is needed taking into account all related aspects that will be supported through active participation of all existed components. The integrated coastal environmental management is needed to be implemented in order to avoid and minimize negative impacts from the industrial activities and its development on the coastal and marine environment. Consequently some strategies are needed in supporting the management. The protection and control for marine pollution by the industrial activity have to be implemented in an integrated and well planned manner which will be supported by the existing rules and regulations, governmental policy and management agencies including qualified human resources, are the prime priorities of the strategy that should be conducted.
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Judul: Pengelolaan Wilayah Pesisir Berbasis Daya Dukung Lingkungan dan Partisipasi Masyarakat di Kabupaten Batang
Abstrak: Batang regency is one of the coastal districts on the north coast of Java, which has a 38.75 km long coastline and vast ocean of approximately 287 060 km2. Batang coastal area is a region of highly productive and have high economic value, but on the other hand are also vulnerable to damage. The coastal area strategic plan document Batang in 2011, identify that there are variety of problems occured in coastal areas Batang include abrasion, accretion, sedimentation, flood, narrowing river bodies, destruction of mangroves, pollution of water and soil, ego sectoral, institutional and community participation in coastal management. Therefore the management of coastal areas should be planned and integrated and provide maximum benefits to all stakeholders, especially in coastal communities. Spatial planning is one tool in the management of coastal areas, where the main objective of spatial planning is to improve the society welfare, the growth and the ecosystem conservation. According to Act No. 26 of 2007 on Spatial Planning, spatial utilization at district must consider supportive and carrying capacity of environment. This study aims to assess and evaluate the environment carrying capacity and the spatial utilizations in Batang coastal areas; assess community understanding against management and spatial planning; analyze the level and form of community participation in the management of coastal areas and formulate strategic referrals to the management coastal areas in Batang. The methods used in this study are analysis based on Geographic Information Systems (GIS) as well as the descriptive analysis. Environment carrying capacity analysis to the land area was based on land capability. Determination of land capability class was done by using Boolean technique (Regulation of the Minister of Environment Number 17, 2009). Evaluation of carrying capacity and spatial utilization was done by overlaying the maps. Batang waters conditions assessed from the data physical and chemical parameters were adjusted to the Minister of Environment Decree No. 51 of 2004 on Sea Water Quality Standard. To find the understanding and participation of the community were analyzed descriptively, based on the results of the questionnaire. From the results of the analyzes, then performed such synthesis to formulate strategic direction of coastal areas management. The results showed that environment carrying capacity in the coastal areas of Batang based on land capability is still appropriate (98.29%). The conditions of coastal water of Batang are still appropriate for marine life, but in a few locations (Batang, Tulis and Gringsing sub-districts) orthophosphate levels have already exceeded the quality standard. Currently, more than 70% of the land use in coastal areas are still appropriate/consistent with the spatial planning. In general, the level of public understanding of policies related to the management and spatial planning of coastal areas in Batang is still low, mean while associated with the land vii utilization in coastal areas, the level of public understanding belongs to moderate level. Based on Arnstein ladder typology, the level of community participation in general categories as Information category. Participation form exhibited that the majority of respondents participate at utilization, conservation and monitoring activity. Activities follow the coaching/training is a form of activity which is
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Judul: Anatomi otot-otot ekspresi wajah monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis)
Abstrak: Hewan primata banyak digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis karena memiliki kemiripan anatomi dengan manusia. Evolusi dari otot wajah mamalia yang berhubungan dengan ekspresi wajah dan komunikasi visual terutama pada hewan pimata dalam hal ini otot-otot daerah kelopak mata serta mulut memegang peranan penting (Bennet et al., 1995). Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) adalah slah satu jenis hewan primata di antara 5 hewan primata yang paling banyak digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis (Anonimus, 2000; Anonimus, 2002). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari morfologi otot-otot ekspresi wajah beserta origo dan insersionya untuk melengkapi data dasar anatomi otot pada M. fascicularis. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga ekor preparat monyet ekor panjang yang telah diawetkan dalam larutan formalin 10% dan sebuah tengkorak kepala beserta tulang rahang bawah monyet ekor panjang. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi morfologi otot beserta origo dan insersionya, dan hubungannya dengan variasi ekspresi wajah yang mampu dilakukan monyet ekor panjang, kemudian membandingkannya dengan literatur anatomi manusia, beberapa hewan primata lain, hewan herbivora dan karnivora. Dari hasil pengamatan, pada susunan otot ekspresi wajah monyet ekor panjang ditemukan lima kelompok otot: 1). Kelompok otot kulit kepala yaitu: m. occipitofrontalis (gabungan m. frontalis dan m. occipitalis). 2). Kelompok otot hidung yaitu: m. nasolabialis. 3). Kelompok otot mulut yaitu: m. nasolabialis, m. zygomaticus major, m. zygomaticus minor, m. levator anguli oris, m. depressor anguli oris, m depressor labii inferioris, m. mentalis, m. buccinatorius, m. orbicularis oris dan m. platysma. 4). Kelompok otot telinga yaitu: m auricularis posterior, m. auricularis superior dan m. auricularis anterior. 5). Kelompok otot kelopak mata yaitu: m. orbicularis oculi, m. corrugator supercilii dan mlevator palpebrae superioris. Setiap kelompok otot memiliki berbagai karakteristik baik morfologi maupun origo dan insersio yang berbeda dengan primata. lain, kuda, sapi dan anjing. Hal tersebut menghasilkan variasi fungsi otot yang berbeda sesuai dengan perilaku dan pola hidup.
Keyword: Macaca fascicularis, long-tailed macaque, monkey