Judul: Peningkatan produksi dan mutu benih botani (True Shallot Seed)bawang merah (Allium cepa var. ascalonicum B.) dengan BAP dan Boron, serta serangga penyerbuk
Abstrak: True shallot seed (TSS) is one potential alternative of seed source to be developed and be able to solve the problem of shallot seed in Indonesia. Constraints in TSS production are the low flowering and seed formation. Such attempts to improve TSS production is through increasing flowering using benzylaminopurine (BAP), pollen viability using boron and pollination using insect pollinators. The aims of the research were to enhance flowering, pollen viability, TSS production and quality using BAP and boron, as well as study mating system in TSS production and enhance TSS production and quality using insect pollinators. The study consisted of three experiments and was conducted in two location i.e. Lembang (high land - 1250 m asl) during August 2011-August 2012 and in Subang (low land - 100 m asl) during March-August 2012. In each location the experiment was carried out in two steps. In the first step BAP at 0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 ppm and boron at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 kg ha-1 were used and arranged in randomized block design with three replicates. In the second step there were two trials, namely experiments using self-pollination and cross-pollination, as well as experiments using insect pollinators i.e. bees (Apis mellifera, Apis cerana, Trigona sp.) and green fly (Lucilia sp. - Calliphoridae) were employed, with open pollination as control were arranged in a randomized block design and replicated five times. The results showed that BAP increased flowering, pollen viability and TSS production in Lembang. While boron 1-4 kg ha-1 increased flowering, pollen viability, TSS production and quality in Lembang. The optimum concentration of BAP and dosage of boron for TSS production in Lembang were 37.5 ppm and 2.9 kg/ha respectively. In Subang, BAP enhanced flowering and pollen viability. BAP did not increase the TSS production and quality. Boron also did not affect flowering, pollen viability, TSS production and quality in Subang. Crosspollination was better in producing the yield and quality of TSS than self-pollination in Lembang, but in Subang resulted in lower germination. Honeybee Apis cerana was the most effective pollinator in increasing the yield and quality of TSS both in Lembang and Subang. Increasing production of TSS by A .cerana was 56.8% with 77% germination in Lembang, while in Subang that was 61.3% with 83% germination.
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Judul: Peningkatan Produksi Benih Botani Bawang Merah (Allium Cepa Var. Ascalonicum) Di Dataran Rendah Melalui Aplikasi Bap, Introduksi Apis Cerana, Dan Pemupukan P Serta K.
Abstrak: Produksi benih botani bawang merah (True Shallot Seed/TSS) dapat dilakukan dengan meningkatkan pembungaan dan penyerbukan yang intensif. Peningkatan pembungaan dapat dilakukan melalui aplikasi BAP, sementara introduksi Apis cerana dilakukan untuk meningkatkan penyerbukan. Aplikasi pupuk P dan K dapat meningkatkan mutu benih yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pembungaan, pembentukan kapsul, serta mutu TSS di dataran rendah Subang (100 m dpl) dan telah dilaksanakan pada bulan Mei 2014 sampai dengan Januari 2015. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap percobaan. Percobaan pertama disusun dalam rancangan petak terbagi dengan rancangan lingkungan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan empat ulangan. Petak utama adalah waktu aplikasi BAP yang terdiri atas dua taraf yaitu pada 1, 3 ,5 minggu setelah tanam (MST) dan 2, 4, 6 MST. Anak petak adalah konsentrasi BAP yang terdiri atas enam taraf yaitu 0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250 ppm. Percobaan kedua dilakukan terhadap dua populasi tanaman yaitu tanaman tanpa introduksi dan dengan introduksi Apis cerana. Percobaan ketiga disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok faktorial dengan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah dosis P2O5 sebesar (0, 100, 200, 300, 400 kg ha-1) dan faktor kedua adalah dosis K2O5 (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 kg ha-1). Hasil percobaan pertama menunjukkan bahwa pemberian BAP 50 ppm mampu meningkatkan persentase tanaman berbunga, jumlah umbel per tanaman, dan daya berkecambah benih. Waktu aplikasi BAP pada 2, 4, 6 MST mampu meningkatkan persentase tanaman berbunga, jumlah bunga per umbel, jumlah kapsul per umbel, persentase pembentukan kapsul, bobot TSS per tanaman,dan bobot 100 butir. Hasil percobaan kedua menunjukkan bahwa introduksi Apis cerana mampu meningkatkan semua variabel produksi yang meliputi persentase pembentukan kapsul, persentase TSS bernas, jumlah TSS per umbel, bobot TSS per umbel. Introduksi Apis cerana juga mampu meningkatkan mutu TSS yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya bobot 100 butir, daya berkecambah benih, potensi tumbuh maksimum, dan indeks vigor. Hasil percobaan ketiga menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan dosis pupuk P dan K tidak mampu meningkatkan pembungaan, pembentukankapsul, dan produksi di dataran rendah Subang. Pemberian 100 kg P2O5 ha-1dan 200 kg K2O ha-1 mampu meningkatkan daya berkecambah dan indeks vigor, sedangkan 200 kg P2O5 ha-1 mampu meningkatkan potensi tumbuh maksimum TSS yang dihasilkan.
Keyword: bobot 100 butir, daya berkecambah, dosis, kapsul, pembungaan, true shallot seed, umbel

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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