Judul: Pemodelan Arus Lalulint as Dengan Pendekatan Model Mikroskopik & Makroskopik
Abstrak: Karya ilmiah ini membahas pemodelan arus lalu Hotas kendaraan dengan pendekatan model-model mikroskopik yang disajikan dengan model mobil berurutan dan model lajur ganda, sena pemodelan makroskopik sebagai lanjutan dari pemodelan mikroskopik. Pada tingkat rnikroskopik pemodelan setiap kendaraan digambarkan oleh koordinat ruang x dan kecepatan v untuk waktu JEiR.+. Pada pemodelan mikroskopik. reaksi pengemudi digambarkan dalam persepsi threshold, di antaranya ambang reaksi negatif, arnbang reaksi positif, ambang reaksi pada jarak berbahaya, ambang reaksi pada jarak aman dan ambang reaksi pada jarak yang diinginkan. Dalam kasus Jajur ganda dirumuskan ambang reaksi perpindahan lajur ke sebelah kanan (HR), perpindahan lajur ke sebelah kiri (HJJ. pengereman (HB), percepatan (HA), dan pengemudian bebas (Hf). Sedangkan model makroskopik merupakan lanjutan dari pemodelan mikroskopik, yaitu dengan mengamati kerapatan p, kecepatan rata-rata u, dan ragam kecepatan kendaraan f:} dari situasi lalu Iintas yang diamati.
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Judul: Tinjauan Matematis pada Model Makroskopik dan Mikroskopik Arus Lalu-lintas
Abstrak: Traffic flow phenomenon can be described through mathematical model such as continuous dynamic model with an ordinary differential equation so that it can be solved with integral factors. In this paper three simple models of traffic flow are discussed, i.e, two macroscopic and one microscopic models. Macroscopic model formulates dynamics of the traffic flow that occurs on a large number of vehicles on a road. While the microscopic model explains drivers’ behavior in their interaction with other vehicles ahead, i.e, car-following model. This paper shows the existence of ordinary differential equation found in the traffic flow model and indicates some different representations in the context of the same model. It also reviews a simple model of traffic flow along a single link, which leads to some unexpected results, i.e, it can express the solution model in term of link outflows as well as trip time. In the microscopic model, simulation is done to illustrate the behavior of the drivers with a sensitivity coefficient as a benchmark parameter.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity