Judul: The application of biplot and procrustes analyses on conservation assessment of non timber forest products in Africa
Abstrak: The Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFP) is all kinds of forest products except timber. NTFP is very important in forest conservation, because it can bring the stabilization of the over exploitation of Timber Forest Products (TFP). The Conservation Assessment is aimed at assessing the role of each NTFP case in forest conservation. This assessment relies on expert judgment. All NTFP cases are going to be compared with two kinds of land-use alternative, natural forest alternative and most realistic land use alternative. Biplot analysis shows which NTFP cases are characterized by the indicator of conservation (variables). The data on most NTFP cases shows positive values when compared to the most realistic land- use alternative. This indicates that the management of a land-use system is more intensive. Procrustes analysis shows the difference between two assessments on a different land-use system, the natural forest alternative and most realistic land-use system. The R² value of procrustes analysis 11.65%, shows that conservation assessment on natural forest alternative is very much different from conservation assessment on most realistic land-use alternative.
Keyword: Non Timber Forest Product (NTFP), Conservation Assessment, Biplot, Procrustes

Judul: Pemanfaatan Hasil Hutan Bukan Kayu di Hutan Mangrove Blok Bedul, Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, Provinsi Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Alas Purwo National Park (TNAP) is a conservation area that has a diversity of animals and natural habitats with various types of communities and has important values contained therein. This research was conducted at TNAP. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the types and utilization of Non-Timber Forest Product (NTFP), analyze the dynamics of NTFP utilization in the mangrove forest in the Bedul Block, and to identify and analyze the efficiency level of the trading channel through the trade channel, trade function, trade margin, profit ratio, and farmer's share. The research method used is literature study, field observations, and interviews using quantitative descriptive analysis to analyze trading efficiency by looking at trading margin, profit ratio, and farmer's share; qualitative descriptive analysis to identify the types and uses of NTFP, trade channels, trade functions, and the dynamics of NTFP management. The results showed that the types of NTFP used were teak grasshoppers, forest honey and mangrove honey. The use of NTFP in Bedul mangroves had occurred before the TNAP area was determined by utilizing secondary crops. Efforts made by TNAP managers are related to the use of NTFP such as community empowerment, special use of honey, and zoning changes. The most efficient trading system is located in channel first. This is caused by short channels, namely direct selling to consumers, high profit ratios, and high farmer's share.
Keyword: NTFP, TNAP, trade system

Judul: Enteric Collibacillosis Pada Anak Babi Baru Lahir: Patogenesa dan Perubahan-Perubahan Patologisnya
Abstrak: Diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada anak-anak babi baru lahir yang peka terhadap en terotoksin produk bakteri tersebut. Dikenal sebagai colibacillosis. Patogenesa dari colibacillosis anak babi baru lahir adalah (1) infeksi oleh E. coli patogen, (2) proliferasi E. coli di lumen usus halus, (3) produksi dan pelepasan enterotoksin, dan (4) aktifitas toksin pada usus halus. Dalam proses proliferasi, adanya antigen pili K88 sangat penting karena memungkinkan bakteri perlekatan dengan epitel mucosa usus halus. mengadakan Setelah ko lonisasi dan proliferasi segera toksin dilepaskan. Akti- fitas toksin menginduksi sekresi yang berlebihan dari u- sus sehingga banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan ke lumen usus. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak cairan dan elektrolit hilang sehingga timbul diare, dehidrasi dan asidosis yang sering menyebabkan kematian. Perubahan-perubahan patologis yang umum adalah dis tensi usus halus, dilatasi lambung dan infark pada kurva- tura mayor. Perubahan-perubahan histologis yang terjadi adalah enteritis hemorrhagica acuta, oedem dan kongesti pembuluh darah di lamina propria, akumulassi leukosit inti polimorf, sel monosit, dan inti sel mengalami piknosis Thrombus pada vena dan degenerasi serta desquamasi sel epitel usus….
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