Judul: Sintesis Dan Karakterisasi Suspensi Injectable Bone Substitute Hidroksiapatit Dari Cangkang Keong Bakau (Telescopium sp)- Gelatin.
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan sintesis dan karakterisasi suspensi Injectable Bone Substitute (IBS) berbahan hidroksiapatit-gelatin. Sintesis suspensi IBS dilakukan dengan mencampurkan hidroksiapatit (HAp) dan gelatin dengan rasio komposisi HAp/gelatin sebesar 100/0, 70/30, 30/70, 0/100 dan dilakukan penambahan hydroxyprophyl methylcellulose (HPMC) dengan rasio HPMC:HAp/gelatin sebesar 3:1. Adapun pembuatan HAp berasal dari cangkang keong bakau sebagai sumber kalsium. Berdasarkan hasil analisis XRD dan FTIR terlihat bahwa HAp telah berhasil disintesis. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh ketepatan parameter kisi lebih dari 99% dan munculnya gugus fungsi fosfat, karbonat dan hidroksil pada spektra FTIR. Penambahan larutan HPMC dalam suspensi IBS mengakibatkan adanya penurunan kristalinitas sampel HAp. Disamping itu, penambahan konsentrasi gelatin dalam suspensi IBS juga menyebabkan penurunan kristalinitas HAp. Dalam penelitian ini, suspensi IBS berhasil disintesis yang ditunjukkan oleh persen injektabilitas yang tinggi pada sampel HAp/gelatin sebesar 70/30 dan 30/70.
Keyword: FTIR, HPMC, uji injektabilitas, XRD

Judul: Synthesis of Injectable Bone Substitute Made from Nanohydroxyapatite/ Chitosan/ Alginate
Abstrak: Tulang merupakan jaringan tubuh yang penting dalam kehidupan manusia. Kerusakan tulang dapat diakibatkan kecelakaan seperti patah tulang atau penyakit seperti osteodegeneratif, tumor dan keropos. Cara untuk memperbaiki kerusakan tulang yaitu dengan implantasi tulang seperti autograf atau allograf. Namun, pengadaan yang terbatas dan resiko penularan penyakit menyebabkan pengganti tulang sintesis banyak dikembangkan. Biomaterial yang sering digunakan yaitu hidroksiapatit, karena memiliki kesamaan dengan mineral alami tulang dan mempercepat regenerasi tulang baru. Kerusakan tulang pada area yang sulit dijangkau dan berbentuk tidak teratur menyebabkan implantasi tulang sulit dilakukan, sehingga dibuat pengganti tulang suntik (injectable bone substitute). IBS merupakan brushite atau mineral apatit yang diperoleh dengan mencampurkan serbuk prekursor kalsium fosfat dengan larutan cair (polimer kitosan-alginat) yang dapat membentuk gel. Komposisi anorganik/organik dan variasi konsentrasi polimer kitosan-alginat berpengaruh terhadap nilai viskositas, injektabilitas, ketahanan dan setting time. Pasta IBS yang memiliki viskositas dan kemapampuan injeksi yang baik serta dapat bertahan saat berada didalam larutan ringer laktat menunjukkan suspensi yang baik untuk pasta IBS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian sintesis IBS berbahan nanohidroksiapatit/kitosan/alginat berhasil dibuat dengan komposisi terbaik pada perbandingan anorganik/organik 50/50 dan konsentrasi polimer kitosan-alginat 1%. Sampel menunjukkan persen injektabilitas yang tinggi, tidak cepat mengering serta kemampuan mempertahankan posisinya saat berada didalam larutan ringer laktat., Bone is an important body tissue in human life. Bone defect can be caused by accidents such as fractures or diseases such as osteodegenerative, tumor and porous. The way to repair bone defect is by bone implantation such as autographs or allografts. However, limited procurement and the risk of disease transmission have led to the development of synthetic bone substitutes. A frequently used biomaterial is hydroxyapatite, because it has similarities with natural bone minerals and accelerates the regeneration of new bone. Bone defect in hard-to-reach and irregularly shaped areas makes bone implantation difficult, so injectable bone substitutes are made. IBS is a brushite or apatite mineral obtained by mixing calcium phosphate precursor powder with a liquid solution (chitosan-alginate polymer) that can form a gel. Inorganic/organic composition and variation of chitosan-alginate polymer concentration affect viscosity, injectability, durability and setting time. IBS paste that has good viscosity and injectability and can survive while in lactated ringer solution shows a good suspension for IBS paste. Based on the results of the research, the synthesis of IBS made from nanohydroxyapatite/chitosan/alginate was successfully made with the best composition at an inorganic/organic ratio of 50/50 and a chitosan-alginate polymer concentration of 1%. The sample showed a high percentage of injectability, did not dry out quickly and the ability to maintain its position while in lactated ringer solution.
Keyword: bone defect, injectability, polymer complex, setting time, lactated ringers

Judul: Klasifikasi genre musik menggunakan Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)
Abstrak: Radio stations and music television have a milion of music tapes. A lot of musical genres create a problem when people wants to determine the right genre of a new kind of music. To classify the musical genre is not an easy task, because the musical genre is really difficult to standardization. Automatic musical genre classification can assist the human role in that process and help people to searching for the song acording to the genre that people want. This research using Mel Frequency Coefficient Cepstrum (MFCC) to obtain feature extraction. Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), one kind of artificial neural network used for classification method. The number of genres that are used were four kind of musical genre, that is rock, classic, keroncong, and jazz with four different duration that is 5 second, 10 second, 20 second and 25 second. This research using k- fold cross validation to distribute dataset for training and testing set with the number of folds as much as 2 until 10 fold. This research succesfully implemented MFCC feature exraction and classification using LVQ. Based on this research, the accuracy of the classification using Learning Vector Quantization reaches 93,75% for the four type musical genre. The highest accuracy value was obtain from the experiments with a duration of 10 second and the number of fold 4. Training time for each duration is 30 minute for 5 second music duration, 45 minute for 10 second music duration 120 minute for 20 second music duration and 150 minute for 25 second music duration.
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