Judul: Kualitas Semen Cair Domba dalam Pengencer Tris Kuning Telur-Fruktosa dengan Penambahan Melatonin sebagai Antioksidan
Abstrak: Stres oksidatif akibat radikal bebas yang berlebihan dapat memicu terhambatnya proses fosforilasi. Fosforilasi berperan menyediakan energi bagi spermatozoa untuk kapasitasi dan reaksi akrosom pada saat membuahi sel telur. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan antioksidan melatonin pada pengencer tris kuning telur-fruktosa terhadap kualitas semen cair domba yang disimpan pada suhu 4 °C. Semen segar dengan motilitas ≥70% kemudian diencerkan pada kelompok tris kuning telur fruktosa (kontrol), tris kuning telur fruktosa dengan melatonin 0,5 mM (TKTF + M0,5), Tris kuning telur fruktosa dengan melatonin 1 mM (TKTF + M1), tris kuning telur fruktosa dengan melatonin 2 mM (TKTF + M2). Semen disimpan di dalam refrigerator bersuhu 4 C selama 5 hari (H0−H5). Semen dievaluasi motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas dan keutuhan membran plasma setiap 24 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata (P>0,05) antara semen cair kontrol dan perlakuan pada H0. Kualitas semen cair dengan perlakuan melatonin memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan TKTF + M0,5 memiliki nilai motilitas dan viabilitas tertinggi serta dapat mempertahankan nilai abnormalitas. Kelompok TKTF + M2 memiliki nilai keutuhan membran plasma lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok perlakuan lainnya.
Keyword: free radicals, melatonin, ram, tris egg yolk-fructose

Judul: Quality of Chilled Ram in Tris Egg Yolk-Glucose  Diluent with Melatonin as an Antioxidant
Abstrak: Radikal bebas dan stres oksidatif selama pengolahan semen menyebabkan kerusakan membran plasma spermatozoa yang mengakibatkan penurunan motilitas dan viabilitas. Melatonin merupakan antioksidan yang efektif untuk menetralkan radikal bebas dan mengurangi kerusakan oksidatif sehingga mampu melindungi spermatozoa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan melatonin dan menentukan dosis efektif melatonin dalam pengencer tris kuning telur-glukosa terhadap kualitas semen cair domba yang disimpan pada suhu 4 °C. Koleksi semen dilakukan dengan metode vagina buatan, kemudian semen dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Semen dengan motilitas sebesar ≥70% diencerkan pada kelompok tris kuning telur-glukosa (TKTG), tris kuning telur-glukosa dengan melatonin 0,5 Mm (TKTG + M0,5), tris kuning telur-glukosa dengan melatonin 1 mM (TKTG + M1), tris kuning telur-glukosa dengan melatonin. 2 mM (TKTG + M2). Semen cair disimpan selama 5 hari (H0–H5) pada suhu 4 °C, kemudian dievaluasi kualitas semennya setiap 24 jam. Parameter evaluasi semen berupa motilitas, viabilitas, abnormalitas, dan membran plasma utuh spermatozoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas semen cair tidak berbeda signifikan pada H0 (P>0,05). Penambahan melatonin secara umum, memiliki nilai lebih tinggi daripada kontrol dan mampu melindungi serta mempertahankan kualitas semen cair. Pengencer TKTG + M1 berdasarkan hasil penelitian, adalah perlakuan terbaik yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai dari parameter lebih tinggi daripada perlakuan lainnya., Free radicals and oxidative stress during semen processing damage the plasma membrane of spermatozoa resulting in reduced motility and viability. Melatonin is an antioxidant that can neutralize free radicals and reduce oxidative damage so it can protect spermatozoa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of adding melatonin and determine the effective dose to tris egg yolk-glucose diluents on the quality of chilled ram semen stored at 4 °C. Semen was collected using an artificial vagina, and then examined macroscopically and microscopically. Semen with motility of ≥70% was grouped into different extenders: tris egg yolk glucose (TEYG), tris egg yolk glucose extender with 0.5 mM melatonin (TEYG + M0.5), tris egg yolk glucose extender with 1 mM melatonin (TEYG + M1), tris egg yolk glucose extender with 2 mM melatonin (TEYG + M2). All semen samples were stored at 4 °C for 5 days (H0–H5) and examined every 24 hours. Semen were examined for spermatozoa motility, viability, abnormality, and membrane plasma integrity. The results showed that there were no significant changes of semen quality on H0 (P>0.05). In general, the melatonin supplemented groups had a higher value than the control. Melatonin supplementation is able to protect and maintain the quality of chilled semen. In addition, the result showed that TEYG + M1 extender was the best extender treatment, which was indicated by higher values than other treatments.
Keyword: antioxidant, free radicals, melatonin, ram, tris egg yolk-glucose

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm