Judul: Adaptation of saccharomyces cerevisiae to cassava acid hydrolisates for bioethanol production.
Abstrak: Acid hydrolisates of cassava contain toxic substances i.e. 3,55 g/l HMF and 0,72 g/l furfural to ethanol producing yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This study is aiming at screening four strains of S. cerevisiae for their tolerance capacity to that acid hydrolisates. Out of four strains, S. cerevisiae IPBCC 05.548 showed the highest tolerance on the bases of ethanol production. It produced 4,1% (b/v) ethanol. Prior to adaptation, optimum sugar concentration and starter dosage were determined in sequence. Out of 15%, 18%, 20% and 24% concentration. S. cerevisiae IPBCC 05.548 showed the highest ethanol production (4,10% b/v) at 15% of total sugar. Among starter dosage (1, 2 and 3 times of 0,23% of sugar concentration), that were tested on optimal sugar concentration indicated that the twice of dosage was the best for ethanol production. Adaptation was then performed for 72 hours for each cycle. Of the cycles, the 9th cycle (648 hours) showed the highest specific growth rate (0,14g.h-1) as well as ethnol yield (4,13% b/v). Comparison of the adapted strain to unadapted strain proved that the adapted strain produced 30,78% higher ethanol yield than those of unadapted strain.
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Judul: Fermentasi Repeated-batch Menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae Terimobilisasi pada Ampas Singkong untuk Produksi Bioetanol
Abstrak: Bioetanol is ethanol produced from biomass containing sugar, starch or cellulose through fermentation by microorganisms, one of them is Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Improvement of ethanol production can be done by using immobilized cell. The potency of cassava bagasse is big, but has not been optimally utilized, so in this research it was used as a carrier for imobilization. This research is aim to study bioethanol production from cassava starch in repeated-batch fermentation by S. cerevisiae immobilized on cassava bagasse. Research method consists of starch extraction, starch hydrolysis, cassava bagasse treatment by HCl 3% (v/v), immobilization of S. cerevisiae on cassava bagasse, and fermentation by repeated-batch method. The resulting yield of starch was 25.10% (w/w) and conversion efficiency of starch to hydrolyzed starch was 98.94%. The total cell of S. cerevisiae which adsorp on the surface of the carrier was 0.75 x 1011 sel/g carrier. Selection of the best ratio of carrier to the media fermentation found in the ratio of 6% which produced ethanol concentration of 49.23-68.75 g/L, productivity 2.05-2.86 g/L/h, yield 0.40-0.50 g/g, sugar conversion 83.16-99.86%, and efficiency 78.20-97.02%. The resulting ethanol concentration was 42.72-63.66 g/L, productivity 1.78-2.66 g/L/h, sugar conversion 90.80-95.74%, yield 0.33-0.47 g/g, and efficiency 65.91-93.13%. Selection of the best sugar concentrations have been observed through repeated-batch fermentation with 10 cycles. The research showed that best sugar concentration was obtained by using 160 g/L and ethanol produced was 71.91 g/l. This research showed that imobilized cells can improve productivity by 2-3 times in comparison with the fermentation by using free cells.
Keyword: Saccharomyces cerevisiae, repeated-batch, fermentation, cassava bagasse, bioethanol

Judul: Biologi Troides helena helena dan Troides helena hephaestus (Papilionidae) di Penangkaran
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan beriklim tropik dengan berbagai tipe habitat dan ekosistem. Kondisi alam Indonesia merupakan habitat yang cocok bagi berbagai fauna termasuk kupu-kupu. Diperkirakan sekitar 4 000 – 5 000 jenis kupu-kupu terdapat di Indonesia. Troides helena merupakan salah satu kupu-kupu yang memiliki kombinasi warna sayap indah dan berukuran besar, sehingga menarik perhatian kolektor kupu-kupu. T. helena termasuk satwa yang diperdagangkan dan telah memasukkan devisa dari subsektor kehutanan Indonesia. Untuk mencegah dari kepunahan karena eksploitasi yang berlebihan, maka pemerintah melindungi T. helena melalui PP No. 7 Tahun 1999. Semua genus Troides masuk dalam daftar Appendix II CITES, sehingga perdagangan jenis ini harus merupakan hasil budi daya di penangkaran.
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