Judul: Effect of Endophytic Fungi Inoculation and Ecoenzyme on the Growth of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea (Roxb.)) Seedlings
Abstrak: Tanaman selama pertumbuhannya memerlukan nutrisi, dan dapat bersimbiosis dengan mikrob bermanfaat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh inokulasi cendawan endofit dan ekoenzim terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gmelina. Cendawan endofit yang digunakan yaitu Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., dan Arthrinium malaysianum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan tersarang (nested) dengan ekoenzim sebagai anak petak yang tersarang pada inokulasi cendawan endofit sebagai petak utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inokulasi cendawan endofit A. malaysianum menurunkan pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter bibit gmelina. Inokulasi Ascotricha sp. menurunkan pertumbuhan tinggi bibit gmelina, dan inokulasi Ochroconis sp. menurunkan pertumbuhan diameter bibit gmelina. Inokulasi cendawan endofit tanpa ekoenzim menghasilkan akar yang lebih panjang. Nilai nisbah pucuk akar dan indeks mutu bibit gmelina yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bibit telah siap untuk dipindahkan ke lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mengaplikasikan pupuk hayati pada tanaman kehutanan., Plants during their growth require nutrients, and can symbiosis with beneficial microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endophytic fungi inoculation and ecoenzymes on the growth of gmelina seedlings. The endophytic fungi used were Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., and Arthrinium malaysianum. This study uses a nested design with ecoenzyme as subplots nested on endophytic fungi inoculation as the main plot. The results showed that inoculation of the endophytic fungi A. malaysianum decreased the growth of gmelina seedling height and diameter. Inoculation of Ascotricha sp. decreased the growth of gmelina seedling height, and inoculation of Ochroconis sp. decreased the growth of gmelina seedling diameter. Endophytic fungi inoculation without ecoenzymes resulted in longer roots. As a result, shoot root ratio and seedling quality index showed that gmelina seedlings were ready to transplant in the field. The results of this study can be used as a reference in applying biological fertilizers to forestry plants.
Keyword: Arthrinium malaysianum, Ascotricha sp., Gmelina arborea, Ochroconis sp., seedling growth

Judul: Effect of Endophytic Fungi on The Growth of Sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & J.W Grimes)
Abstrak: Cendawan endofit dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan ketahanan tanaman terhadap cekaman biotik dan abiotik. Cendawan endofit memiliki kemampuan yang berbeda-beda dalam mendukung pertumbuhan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan pengaruh pemberian perlakuan cendawan endofit terhadap pertumbuhan sengon. Cendawan endofit yang digunakan yaitu Ochroconis sp., Cladophialophora sp., Ascotricha sp., Arthrinium malaysianum, dan Aspergillus sp. Inokulasi cendawan endofit dilakukan pada saat sengon berumur 3 minggu. Hasil penelitian pemberian cendawan endofit tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter diameter, berat basah total, dan kadar air tanaman; tetapi berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter tinggi dan berat kering total. Cendawan endofit Cladophialophora sp., Ascotricha sp., dan A. malaysianum dapat meningkatkan tinggi sengon; Aspergillus sp. dapat meningkatkan berat kering total dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Sedangkan perlakuan Ochroconis sp. tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan sengon. Nilai nisbah pucuk akar (NPA) berada pada kisaran 1,13-1,43, nilai indeks mutu bibit (IMB) berada pada kisaran 0,65-1,03 yang menunjukkan bibit memiliki pertumbuhan pucuk dan akar yang seimbang serta distribusi biomassa yang baik., Endophytic fungi were reported to be able to increase plant growth and resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The endophytic fungi have various abilities to support plant growth. This study aims to determine the effect of endophytic fungi administration on the growth of sengon. The endophytic fungi that were used are Ochroconis sp., Cladophialophora sp., Ascotricha sp., Arthrinium malaysianum, and Aspergillus sp. The inoculation process was carried out when sengon was three weeks old. This study shows that inoculation of endophytic fungi did not significantly affect the parameters of diameter, total wet weight, and water content; however, it gave significant effect on the parameters of height and total dry weight. The Cladophialophora sp., Ascotricha sp., and A. malaysianum endophytic fungi increased the height of sengon; Aspergillus sp. can improve the total dry weight compared to the control. While the treatment of Ochroconis sp. was not significantly different from the control in improving the growth of sengon. The shoot root ratio value was 1.13-1.43, and the Dickson quality index value was 0,65- 1,03 indicating that the seedlings have balanced shoot and root growth and good biomass distribution.
Keyword: endophytic fungi, Falcataria moluccana, seedling growth, total dry weight

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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