Judul: Studi penggunaan kulltur campuran bakteri asam laktat untuk produksi minuman fermentasi bervitamin B12 dari sari wortel (daucus carota L)
Abstrak: Penggunaan kultur campuran bakteri asam laktat dan P. freudenreichii dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh minuman fermentasi bervitamin B12 dari sari wortel dengan karakteristik organoleptik yang disukai dan memiliki aktivitas antibakteri patogen yang tinggi. Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari fermentasi asan laktat yang melibatkan tiga spesies bakteri asam laktat yaitu Lactobacillus casei, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp bulgaricus dan Streptococcus salivarius subsp thermophilus dengan Propionibacterium freudenreichii pada sari wortel yang telah ditambah dengan 2% skim dan 3% glukosa. Penelitian dilakukan meliputi persiapan kultur starter bakteri asam laktat dan P. freudenreichi ke dalam media kultur induk, kultur antara dan kultur kerja, penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Pada penelitian pendahuluan ditentukan empat kombinasi produk berdasarkan perbedaan jumlah starter L. casei, L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus dan P. freudenreichii yang digunakan yaitu berturut-turut 1%:0.5%:0.5%:1%; 1%:0.5%:0.5%:2%; 1%:1%1%:1% dan 2%:1%:1%:2%. Produk terpilih pada tahap ini adalah produk dengan karakteristik organoleptik yang paling disukai dan memilki kandungan vitamin B12 tertinggi yaitu produk dengan kombinasi 1%:0.5%:0.5%:2% (selanjutnya disebut produk kultur campuran LcLbStPf) dengan nilai rata-rata. organoleptik terhadap parameter rasa, aroma dan penerimaan umurn, serta kandungan vitamin B12 paling tinggi dibandingkan tiga kombinasi lainnya. Kandungan vitamin B12 masing-masing kombinasi produk di atas adalah 0.1916; 0.3282; 0.2025 dan 0.1804 ug/100 ml. Selanjutnya produk LcLbStPf dilihat mutu dan perubahannya selama penyimpanan, dan sebagai kontrol adalah yakult sari wortel (produk yang difermentasi L. casei dan P. freudenreichii 2%:2%) dan yogurt sari wortel (produk yang difermentasi L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus dan P. freudenreichii 1%: 1%:2%). Hasil pengujian organoleptik produk kultur campuran LcLbStPf menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kultur campuran L. casei, L. bulgaricus, dan S. thermophilus pada produk kultur campuran LcLbStPf memberikan karakteristik aroma, warna dan penerimaan umum yang lebih disukai dibandingkan produk yakult sari wortel. Kandungan vitamin B12 untuk produk LcLbStPf, yakult dan yogurt sari wortel berturut-turut adalah 0.3282; 0.157; dan 0.3739 ug/100 ml, dengan total padatan terlarut untuk ketiga sampel di atas berturut-turut adalah 6.9; 7.2 dan 7.2"Brix serta kekentalan 60, 50, dan 57 cps.
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Judul: Uji aktivitas antibakteri patogen dan penggandaan skala pada minuman asam laktat bervitamin B12 dari sari wortel
Abstrak: Selama ini bahan nabati, terutama wortel, lebih banayk dikonsumsi dalam bentuk segar sehingga mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang lebih rendah di banding dengan bahan hewani. Melalui proses pengolahan diharapkan mampu meningkatkan nilai ekonomis wortel. Salah satu proses pengolahan dilakukan dengan fermentasi asam laktat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memproduksi minuman sehat bervitamin B12 dari sari wortel yang mempunyai kemampuan sebagi antibakteri patogen, terutama penyebab diare.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite