Judul: Inisiasi dan Proliferasi Kalus serta Induksi Kalus Embriogenik pada Kultur Antera Kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill)
Abstrak: Pengembangan teknologi haploid melalui kultur antera, merupakan teknik alternatif untuk mempercepat proses perbaikan genetik dan pemuliaan tanaman. Namun, kultur antera untuk tanaman kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) belum berhasil diterapkan karena keberhasilannya masih sangat rendah, dan bahkan di Indonesia belum dilaporkan berhasil. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah untuk mengembangkan kultur antera kedelai melalui tahapan inisiasi dan proliferasi kalus, kemudiaan induksi kalus embriogenik. Media yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah media dasar Murashige dan Skoog dan kedelai yang digunakan adalah varietas Wilis. Perlakuan inisiasi kalus menggunakan picloram (1, 3, 5 mg L-1) secara tunggal maupun dikombinasikan dengan BA 0.5 mg L-1, sedangkan untuk proliferasi kalus menggunakan kombinasi NAA, picloram, dan BA. Induksi kalus embriogenik diberikan perlakuan BA dan kinetin yang dikombinasikan dengan beberapa asam amino. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan picloram secara tunggal tidak mampu menginisiasi kalus, tetapi bila dikombinasikan dengan BA dapat menginisiasi kalus. Proliferasi kalus dapat dilakukan pada semua kombinasi NAA, picloram, dan BA. Hasil induksi kalus embriogenik yang dicirikan dengan kalus berstruktur remah dan noduler terjadi pada perlakuan BA 1 mg L-1 dan Kinetin 2 mg L-1 dengan penambahan asam amino glutamin 100 mg L-1, arginin 100 mg L-1, prolin 100 mg L-1, dan kasein hidrolisat 200 mg L-1. Berdasarkan hasil studi ploidi dan histologi, ternyata kalus yang dihasilkan adalah diploid.
Keyword: kultur antera, kedelai, kalus, embriogenik, diploid

Judul: Organogenesis langsung dan kalogenesis pada kultur kedelai (Glycine max L. Merrill) dan Glycine tomentella H. dalam medium MS dan PCL-2 termodifikasi
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) dalam media in vitro untuk mendapatkan kalus embriogenik dari beberapa varietas kedelai (G. max) dan kedelai liar G. tomente11a, serta mencari varietas-varietas yang mempunyai kapasitas kalogenesis, embriogenesis dan organogenesis yang baik. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Molekuler dan Seluler PAU Bioteknologi Institut Pertanian Begor di Darmaga Begor mulai April 1992 sampai Maret 1993. Penelitian yang terdiri dari 6 percobaan terpisah ini meliputi percobaan morfogenesis langsung dari eksplan yaitu percobaan 1 dan 2 serta percobaan kalogenesis (kultur kalus) yaitu percobaan 3, 4, 5 dan 6, merupakan percobaan faktorial (varietas dan media) dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 10 ulangan. Percobaan 1 menggunakan eksplan kotiledon, percobaan 2, 3 , dan 4 buku kotiledon kecambah kedelai 4 hari, kotiledon embrio muda (± 15 hari setelah penyerbukan) pada percobaan 5, dan embrio muda pada percobaan 6. ...
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite