Judul: Perbandingan Dua Desinfektan dalam Mengeleminasi Virus Avian Influenza H5N1 pada Telur Tetas.
Abstrak: Avian Influenza (AI) merupakan penyakit viral akut pada unggas dan bersifat zoonosis yang memerlukan prioritas untuk dikendalikan dan ditanggulangi. Penyebaran virus AI dapat terjadi secara langsung ataupun tidak langsung. Penggunaan desinfektan dan penanganan limbah telur tetas menjadi salah satu tindakan yang harus diterapkan di hatchery untuk mengendalikan penyebaran virus AI. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan dua jenis desinfektan dalam mengeliminasi virus AI pada telur tetas. Penelitian ini dirancang dalam 6 kelompok menggunakan telur ayam berembrio (TAB) Specific Antibody Negative (SAN) umur 18 hari sebanyak 30 butir. Kelompok I adalah telur SAN sebagai kontrol negatif tanpa perlakuan, kelompok II adalah perlakuan telur SAN dengan fumigasi menggunakan Kalium Permanganat (KMnO4) dan Formalin pada suhu ruang selama 20 menit, kelompok III adalah perlakuan telur SAN yang direndam dalam Benzalkoniun Klorida selama 30 detik pada suhu ruang. Kelompok IV adalah perlakuan kontaminasi telur SAN dengan virus AI H5N1 dan difumigasi dengan Kalium Permanganat dan Formalin pada suhu ruang selama 20 menit, kelompok V adalah perlakuan kontaminasi telur SAN dengan virus AI H5N1 kemudian direndam dalam Benzalkonium Klorida pada suhu ruang selama 30 detik dan kelompok VI adalah kontrol positif yang dikontaminasi dengan virus AI H5N1 pada suhu ruang selama 10 menit. Deteksi keberadaan virus AI H5N1 setelah kontaminasi dan desinfeksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) dan hasil positif dikonfirmasi dengan isolasi pada TAB umur 9 hari dari sampel gerusan organ dan usap trakea. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan desinfektan Formalin dan KMnO4 sedikit lebih baik dibandingkan dengan Benzalkoniun Klorida untuk mengeleminasi virus AI H5N1 pada telur tetas.
Keyword: Formalin, KMnO4, Benzalkonium Klorida, kontaminasi, RT-PCR

Judul: Kemampuan Netralisasi Antibodi Spesifik Avian Influenza H5 Terhadap Beberapa Virus H5N1 Isolat Lapang
Abstrak: Avian Influenza (AI) is well known as Avian flu, Fowl pest, Fowl plaque, or Flu burung, caused by influenza virus type A. This virus is belonged to Orthomyxoviridae and could infect many kind of species such as bird, pig, horse, cat, as well as human. Vaccination is applied to control the disease using inactivated vaccine, which induced the specific antibody against H5 antigen. Passive immunization using specific antisera against H5 antigen is thought to be usefull in controlling the disease especially in the treatment of infected host. In this experiment the neutralization ability of specific antisera against H5 were studied using various field viral isolates subtype H5N1. Antisera was developed in Cavia porcellus which vaccinated with AI subtype H5N1 in activated vaccine. The titre of antisera obtained is 28 used HI test. Four AI virus subtype H5N1 isolates from 2003 to 2006 agains viral were we as tested virus. The neutralization test showed that the sera were able to neutralizing 10 4 EID50 AI virus H5N1 with neutralization index range between 1,1– 1,3. The result indicated that the specific antisera had the neutralization potency to the field virus.
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Judul: Model Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Perkotaan Berdasarkan Geografi Ekonomi
Abstrak: In economic activity, economic growth means increasing production of goods and services. Economic geography is economic system with respect to spatial dimension. Rapid economic development and structural changes such as rents, residential area, and transportation systems are indicators of progressivity of a country and its economics. A country is said to progress when the production rate of goods and services are increasing, then the volume of goods and services produced are also increasing from time to time. Neoclassical theory of economic growth depends on the increased the supply of factors of production and the rate of technological progress. The production factors are labor and capital. Domar in 1948 stated that production output is a function of capital. As a result, labor is always combined with capital on fixed proportion. Solow in 1956 added labour as one of the variables of production function. This study aims to examine the dynamics of urban growth model based on economic geography, i.e. study of the economic system based on the location and geographical conditions. The urban economic growth model considers the urban area to be divided into two areas, namely residential area and central business district. Urban area is assumed to have centralized workforce and multi sector economic system. The main economic activity in the central business district is production. On the other hand, consumption and saving activities are carried out in the residential area. More over people need to travel from residential area to the business district in their economic activities. This study will also examine the equilibrium solutions of the model and then give simulation on the model. The results of theoretical study show that the dynamic system of urban economic growth model is formulated in the form of linear system of first order differential equations. The variables which determine economic growth are the accumulation of capital and labor inputs. The equilibrium of these variables can be determined. Capital accumulation shows a pattern that follows an exponential function. Simulation study give the following results. The characteristics of urban economic growth are confirmed by the fact that when the elasticity of the urban industrial sector capital increases, then production output of the two sectors, both industrial and service sector, are increased. The industrial production increases sharply, while the service sector production output is relatively stagnant and then increased with a slower rate compared to the industrial sector. Increased elasticity of capital in industrial sector also tends to increase the income of urban residents, the labor wages, and the capital of both sectors. However, housing consumption tends to fall with increases in industrial sector capital elasticity. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate the spatial and temporal changes in urban land rental values tend to decrease with increasing distance from the central business district and increasing time. Highest land rent is in a location that has the shortest distance to the central business district. The simulations also show increase in consumption following the increase in distance from the central business district. This suggests that the further away from the business district, the more people who rent or buy housing.
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