Judul: Solid State Fermentation of Corn Hominy Using Streptomyces  sp. S2
Abstrak: Ampok merupakan hasil samping penggilingan jagung yang mengandung serat dan pati sebagai komponen utama. Selulosa yang ada dalam serat dapat didegradasi menggunakan enzim selulase yang selanjutnya dapat menghasilkan produk lebih bermanfaat seperti oligosakarida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini memanfaatkan enzim selulase yang dihasilkan Streptomyces sp. S2 dalam fermentasi padat serat ampok jagung, sehingga menghasilkan oligosakarida. Isolat Streptomyces sp. S2 menghasilkan aktivitas tertinggi di hari ke-10 (0,03 U/ml) pada uji aktivitas enzim CMCase. Pada fermentasi 48 jam, gula pereduksi dan susut bobot yang dihasilkan lebih tinggi, namun total gula dan derajat polimerisasi yang dihasilkan lebih rendah dibandingkan fermentasi pada waktu 24 jam. Hal ini menandakan bahwa kerja enzim selulase dalam mendegradasi serat ampok meningkat dengan semakin lamanya waktu fermentasi. Produk yang dihasilkan dari fermentasi padat yaitu oligosakarida dengan derajat polimerisasi 4,68 pada fermentasi 24 jam dan 2,10 pada fermentasi 48 jam., Hominy feed is a by-product of the corn dry milling process which contains fiber and starch as the main components. Cellulose in fiber can be degraded using cellulase enzymes which will produce more useful products such as oligosaccharides. The objective of this research was to apply the cellulase enzyme produced from Streptomyces sp. S2 in the solid-state fermentation of hominy fiber, thus producing oligosaccharides. Streptomyces sp. S2 produced the highest activity on day 10 (0.03 U/ml) in the CMCase enzyme activity test. Reducing sugar and weight loss were higher at 48 hours fermentation than 24 hours fermentation, while the total sugar and polymerization of degree were lower at 48 hours fermentation compared to 24 hours fermentation. This indicates that the action of the cellulase enzyme in degrading hominy fiber increases with the longer fermentation time. The product of solid fermentation are oligosaccharides with degree of polymerization are 4,68 at 24 hours fermentation and 2,10 at 48 hours fermentation.
Keyword: cellulase, corn hominy, solid state fermentation, Streptomyces sp. S2

Judul: Isolasi dan identifikasi mikroorganisme indigenus dan aplikasinya pada fermentasi jagung serta karakterisasi sifat fisikokimia tepung yang dihasilkan
Abstrak: Corn is an important carbohydrate source in Indonesia. Local white corn is currently being developed including Anoman 1 (high amylose) and Pulut Harapan (low amylose) varieties. However, the utilization of corn flours and/or starches in native form have a less desirable physicochemical properties, especially with regards to retrogradation, syneresis, and low stability of pasta at high temperature and low pH properties. Consequently, there is a need to modify flour properties to increase the utilization. Traditionally, corn flour is made by soaking corn kernels in water. The spontaneous fermentation occurred during soaking and affected the physicochemical properties, but it’s difficult to achieve a consistent product. The purpose of this study to identify microorganisms that play a role in the fermentation process of corn, as well as the process of fermentation with the addition of a starter culture and studied the physicochemical properties of corn flour produced. The research was conducted in : (1) to isolate and identify microorganims which the role play during spontaneous fermentation of white local corn of Anoman 1 variety; (2) to design a starter culture of the microorganisms isolated to use for a controlled fermentation; (3) do the fermentation by adding a starter culture and characterize physicochemical properties of corn flour produced. Treatments consisted of: Spontaneous fermentation, i.e. water soaking of corn grits (as a control, SF); and fermentation with added starter culture containing microbes previously isolated without toxigenic microbe (CC); and (AC) fermentation of (CC) with additional amylolytic microbes after 16 hours of fermentation. The number of each microorganisms that added were 106 CFU / mL; (4) to study the physicochemical properties of corn flours of Anoman1 and Pulut Harapan varieties produced. Observations were done at 0, 36, 48, and 72 hours fermentation. The results showed that there were 16 microorganisms were identified included 8 species of molds (Penicillium chrysogenum, Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Rhizopus oryzae, Fusarium oxysporum, Acremonium strictum), 3 species of yeasts (Candida famata, Kodamaea ohmeri, Candida krusei/incospicua), and 5 species of lactic acid bacteria, LAB (Lactobacillus plantarum1a, Pediococcus pentosaceus, L. brevis1, L. plantarum1b, and L. paracasei ssp paracasei3). Four molds and one yeast were amylolytic while none of the lactid acid bacteria (LAB). One from 8 species of molds identified was producing aflatoxin i.e. Aspergillus flavus. While all of yeasts and LAB species identified was non-toxigenic. So, the Aspergillus flavus was not used as a starter culture. All of non-toxigenic microbes identified, there were three (3) species of mold (Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus niger, Acremonium strictum) and one (1) species of yeast (Candida famata) that were amylolytic, while all of LAB identified were non-amylolytic. The amylase activity changed during spontaneous fermentation (SF), where the activity was a maximum at 12 hours of fermentation. After that activity tended to decrease up to 72 hours of fermentation. To study the influenced of amylase activity to the flour during fermentation, was made the amylolytic culture that added after 16 hours fermentation to increase the activity . In general it can be concluded that the fermentation process caused the changes in the physicochemical properties of corn
Keyword: isolation, identification, microorganisms, physicochemical properties

Judul: Perdagangan reptilia sebagai binatang peliharaan di DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: DKI Jakarta in the world of wildlife trade is often referred as yellow dots, a city vulnerable to illegal trade. Wildlife trade in DKI Jakarta consists not only on ornamental fish, mammals and birds, but even reptiles. This study aims to describe trade locations, identify species of trade and analyze preferences of pet reptiles. The study was conducted in five traditional markets and 35 pet shops in DKI Jakarta, using interviews and investigative methods. I also carried out survey on cyber-market trade and interviews to pet reptile owners. The study was carried out from August 20th to November 20th, 2010. A total of 52 species (26 species of turtles, 23 snakes and three lizards) were traded on traditional markets, and 46 species (21 species of turtles, 19 species of snakes and six species of lizards) at the pet store. In traditional markets the common species sold are local species, but not on pet stores where most are imported species. In total, survey found five species of protected reptiles according to PP No. 7 of 1999, four species of Appendix I CITES’s reptiles and six species listed as critically endangered by IUCN Red List. Three forums in internet carried out cyber markets of pet reptiles. The most favorite pet reptiles were snakes, especially the ball python (Python regius).
Keyword: