Judul: Studi tentang penggunaan echo sounder di Perairan Sibolga
Abstrak: Penggunaan echo sounder dalam operasi penangkapan ikan di perairan Sibolga memperlihatkan bahwa nelayan da-pat menerima inovasi teknologi kelautan sebagai sarana da-lam menunjang keberhasilan operasi penangkapan ikan. Echo sounder sebagai alat deteksi bawah air merupakan alat ban-tu dalam suatu operasi penangkapan ikan. Alat ini dapat memberikan visualisasi lebih cermat dan cepat tentang in-formasi keberadaan, posisi dan jumlah ikan atau sumberdaya hayati perairan.
Keyword: echo sounder, transducer instalation, color video sounder

Judul: Studi pendahuluan tentang penggunaan echosounder dan sonar dalam operasi penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil pada kapal purse seine di perairan utara Jawa
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan pada tanggal 1 April 1999 1 Mei 1999, bertempat di Pekalongan, Jawa Tengah yang merupakan salah satu basis perikanan purse seine di Indonesia dengan daerah penangkapannya berada di Perairan Utara Jawa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui manfaat penggunaan echosounder dan sonar dalam operasi penangkapan ikan pelagis kecil pada kapal purse seine di Perairan Utara Jawa berdasarkan hasil tangkapan selama operasi penangkapan ikan, suhu perairan dan migrasi vertikal ikan yang menjadi tujuan penangkapan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dengan mengikuti setiap aktivitas penangkapan ikan pada kapal K.M. Enterprise yang menggunakan alat tangkap purse seine dengan fishing ground di Perairan Utara Jawa, Pengumpulan data primer dilakukan di lokasi penelitian, yaitu data mengenai spesifikasi kapal yang digunakan untuk penelitian, data hasil tangkapan selama satu trip, data suhu perairan, data migrasi vertikal ikan pelagis kecil, data mengenai pengoperasian alat tangkap purse seine. Pengumpulan data sekunder diperoleh melalui Dinas Perikanan Pekalongan untuk memperoleh data mengenai keadaan alat tangkap di Pekalongan dan dilakukan studi pustaka yang berhubungan dengan topik penelitian, yaitu data mengenai hasil pendeteksian kelompok ikan dengan echosounder dan sonar, data mengenai keadaan umum Perairan Utara Jawa. Pendeteksian kedalaman ikan ini berdasarkan data display dari sonar ESR-100 yang mendeteksi ikan menggunakan transducer yang dipasang + 2.5 meter dari dek kapal (pada bagian bawah badan kapal)....
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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