Judul: Analisis Kadar Kolesterol Daging dan Hati Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Penambahan Pakan Propolis Mentah
Abstrak: Propolis mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri dan antikolesterol tetapi belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan bobot badan dan hati ayam broiler yang diberi penambahan pakan propolis mentah dengan pakan yang diberi antibiotik sintetik, serta pengaruhnya terhadap kadar kolesterol daging dan hati ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efektivitas kerja penambahan pakan dari komposisi optimal propolis mentah dengan antibiotik sintetik dalam meningkatkan bobot badan dan hati ayam broiler serta menguji kadar kolesterol daging dan hati ayam broiler. Ayam broiler dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri atas kontrol, antibiotik, dan empat perlakuan propolis mentah. Setelah perlakuan selama empat minggu, penambahan propolis mentah konsentrasi 2, 4, 6 dan 8 g/kg pakan tidak dapat meningkatkan bobot badan dan hati ayam broiler. Propolis mentah juga dapat menurunkan konsumsi pakan dan meningkatkan rasio konversi pakan. Propolis mentah pada konsentrasi 4 g/kg pakan menghasilkan perbedaan nyata terhadap penurunan bobot hati, kadar kolesterol daging dan hati ayam broiler.
Keyword: antibiotik, ayam broiler, bobot badan, kolesterol, propolis mentah

Judul: Analisis Kadar Kolesterol Ayam Broiler yang Diberikan Pakan Kombinasi Oncom Merah dan Propolis Mentah
Abstrak: Kadar serat kasar dan kandungan karotenoid pada oncom merah serta senyawa alkaloid, mineral dan vitamin pada propolis diketahui memiliki aktivitas untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah, tetapi penggunaan kombinasi kedua bahan tersebut untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah pada pakan ayam broiler belum diketahui. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan komposisi optimal penggunaan oncom merah dan propolis mentah sebagai pakan ternak untuk menurunkan kadar kolesterol darah ayam broiler. Ayam dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan dan 1 kontrol normal. Pakan perlakuan dibuat dengan pencampuran pakan standar dengan oncom dan adisi propolis mentah. Pemberian pakan kombinasi oncom merah dan propolis mentah tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan kadar kolesterol kelompok perlakuan. Parameter lain menunjukkan bahwa penambahan jumlah oncom merah dapat mengakibatkan terjadinya stres pada ayam, sehingga bobot badan dan konsumsi pakan menurun serta terjadi peningkatan pada kadar kolesterol darah dan nilai FCR ayam perlakuan. Akan tetapi, penambahan jumlah propolis mentah berbanding lurus dengan penurunan kadar kolesterol darah dan FCR serta peningkatan bobot dan konsumsi pakan.
Keyword: Ayam Broiler, Kolesterol Darah, Pakan, Oncom, Propolis Mentah

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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