Judul: Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Gen Plantaricin EF dan JK dari Lactobacillus plantarum S34
Abstrak: Lactobacillus plantarum S34 menghasilkan bakteri osinse lama proses fermentasi asam laktat berlangsung. Bakteriosin yang dihasilkan oleh L.plantarum disebut plantaricin. Plantaricin disandikan oleh gen penyandinya masing-masing, seperti plantaricin EF disandikan oleh gen plantaricin EF danplantaricin JK disandikan oleh gen plantaricin JK. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah melakukan isolasi dan karakterisasi gen plantaricin EF dan JK dariL. plantarumS34. Gen plantaricin EF dan JK diamplifikasi dari DNA genomL. plantarum S34 dengan primer spesifik menggunakan Teknik Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Hasil analisis menggunakan BLAST menunjukkan gen plantaricinEF dan JK hasil isolasidariL. plantarum S34 masing-masing tersusun atas 285 bpdan 267 bpnukleotida. Produk PCR diurutkan untuk mengetahui urutan basanu kleotida gen plantaricin EF dan JK. Hasil analisis urutan nukleotida menunjukkan gen plantaricin EF dan JK memiliki Ribosome Binding Site (RBS), start codon, danstop codon (TAG pada gen plantaricin EF dan TAA pada gen plantaricin JK). Hasil analisis urutan nukleotida juga menunjukkan plantaricin yang disandikan oleh gen plantaricin EF dan JK secara berturut-turut tersusun atas 52 dan 56 asam amino, serta memiliki motif GG (double glycine) padaleader peptide (padaplantaricin EF terjadi mutase pada salah satu penyusun motif GG menjadi serin) dan motif Gxxx G pada mature peptide seperti halnya plantaricin lain yang termasuk kedalam bakteri osin kelas IIb. Jumlah motif GxxxG yang dimiliki oleh plantaricin EF sebanyak satu motif, yaitu GFIHG sedangkan jumlah motif GxxxG yang dimiliki oleh plantaricin JK sebanyak dua motif, yaitu GYAIG dan GYAFG.
Keyword: bacteriocin, lactic acid fermentation process, BLAST analysis, the genomic DNA

Judul: Gene Marker Construction of Plantaricin F Lactobacillus plantarum.
Abstrak: Lactobacillus plantarum merupakan bakteri yang dapat berperan sebagai probiotik. Bakteri ini memiliki plantaricin F yang berguna menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Gram positif dan negatif. Penelitian ini menggunakan sepuluh isolat L. plantarum (Mar A5, Bst 1, Mar C7, TB(N), Mg Tm 1, Mg PSM B3, TB(S), MKw 9, Bst 5, Mar B4) yang berasal dari buah-buahan tropis (mangga kweni, manggis, markisa, dan terong belanda). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk konstruksi marka gen pln F dan menganalisis ekspresi relatif gen pln F serta uji aktivitas antibakteri. Pengujian gen pln F menggunakan RT-PCR menghasilkan pita DNA berukuran 70 pb. Hasil pengujian ini selanjutnya dipakai untuk menentukan nilai ekspresi relatif gen pln F menggunakan software CS Analyzer. Nilai ekspresi relatif gen tertinggi didapat dari isolat TB (S) dengan nilai 28.13 Au. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan untuk melihat hubungan antara gen pln F dengan aktivitas penghambatan isolat terhadap bakteri uji. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap lima bakteri antara lain Salmonella typhimurium, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cureus, dan Pseudomonas flouresense. Penghambatan tertinggi terhadap S. aureus terdapat pada isolat Mg PSM B3 dengan diameter penghambatan 2.50 cm. Isolat Mar A5 memiliki penghambatan tertinggi terhadap bakteri S. typhimurium, E. coli, dan P. flouresense dengan diameter penghambatan masing-masing 1.33 cm, 1.83 cm, dan 1.16 cm. Isolat Mar B4 dan Bst 5 memiliki penghambatan tertinggi terhadap bakteri B. cureus dengan diameter sekitar 0.50 cm.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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