Judul: Acute Toxicity Evaluation of Ginkgo biloba on Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Ginkgo biloba is frequently consumed due to its perceived ability to treat a wide range of illnesses and conditions. Acute toxicity testing was conducted to evaluate the safety profile of Ginkgo biloba. The study involved 20 female mice divided into four groups: one control group receiving distilled water and three treatment groupsreceiving Ginkgo biloba at doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg body weight, respectively. The administration of Ginkgo biloba and distilled water was performed via gastric tube in a single dose, with observations commencing 14 days post- treatment. The evaluation of observation are mortality, physiological responses, and clinical symptoms. Additional parameters examined included body weight, absolute organ weight, relative organ weight. The results of the acute toxicity test on Ginkgo biloba revealed no significant differences in clinical symptoms, body weight, organ weight, or no mortality rates. It was concluded that Ginkgo biloba is practically harmless substance.
Keyword: acute toxicity test, Ginkgo biloba, mice, LD50

Judul: Histopathological Description of the Liver and Kidney of Mice (Mus musculus) in the Acute Toxicity Test of Mangkokan Leaf  (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr.)
Abstrak: Uji toksisitas merupakan salah satu pengujian yang dilakukan untuk menilai keamanan suatu senyawa kimia. Uji toksisitas akut ini dilakukan untuk menentukan nilai toksisitas akut ekstrak daun mangkokan (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr.) dengan metode Thompson dan Weil serta mendeskripsikan gambaran histopatologi organ hati dan ginjal pada mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan coba sebanyak 16 ekor mencit dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan diberi suspensi sediaan uji ekstrak daun mangkokan dengan dosis bertingkat sebanyak 3, 6, 12, 24 g/kg bobot badan (BB). Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan secara oral menggunakan sonde lambung dan diberikan dalam dosis tunggal. Mortalitas dan gejala klinis diamati pada 24 jam pertama setelah perlakuan dan dilanjutkan pengamatan selama 6 hari berikutnya. Pengamatan histopatologi dilakukan dengan mengambil organ hati dan ginjal mencit setelah dilakukannya nekropsi. Bobot badan, bobot hati dan ginjal ditimbang dan dianalisis secara statistik dengan one way ANOVA, sedangkan hasil pengamatan histopatologi disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat mencit yang mengalami gejala klinis dan kematian setelah diberikan ekstrak daun mangkokan hingga dosis 24 g/kg BB. Bobot badan dan bobot organ mencit tidak berbeda nyata (p>0.05) antar perlakuan. Pengamatan histopatologi tidak menunjukkan adanya perubahan atau kelainan pada organ hati dan ginjal., Toxicity assay is one of the tests performed to assess the safety of a chemical compound. This acute toxicity test was carried out to determine the acute toxicity value of mangkokan leaf extract (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr.) using the Thompson and Weil method and to describe the histopathological features of the liver and kidneys in mice. This study used 16 mice as experimental animals and divided them into four treatment groups. The treatment group was given a suspension of the mangkokan leaf extract test preparation with graded doses of 3, 6, 12, and 24 g/kg body weight (BB). The extract is administered orally using a gastric tube and given in a single dose. Mortality and clinical symptoms were observed in the first 24 hours after treatment and continued observation for the next six days. For the histopathological assay made by taking the liver and kidneys of mice after necropsy. Body weight, liver, and kidney weights were weighed and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, while the results of the histopathological assay were presented descriptively. The results showed no mice with clinical symptoms and death after being given mangkokan leaf extract up to 24 g/kg BW dose. The body and organ weight of mice were not significantly different (p>0.05) between treatments. The histopathological assay showed not any changes or abnormalities in the liver and kidneys.
Keyword: histopatologi, Nothopanax scutellarium Merr., uji toksisitas akut

Judul: Peranan Jasa Transportasi dalam  Menunjang Pembangunan Wilayah  Kaitannya dengan Pelaksanaan  Otonomi Daerah di Provinsi Papua  Khususnya Kabupaten Jayapura
Abstrak: Ketimpangan pembangunan yang terjadi selama Orde Baru telah memicu disintegrasi bangsa, salah satu daerah yang diisukan terancam disintegrasi sebagai akibat ketimpangan pembangunan pada reszim orde baru adalah Provinsi Papua, sehingga untuk meredam aspirasi disintgrasi, dimasa reformasi Provinsi Papua ditetapkan sebagai daerah yang menerima Otonomi Khusus. Dengan adanya otonomi khusus ini diharapkan pemerintah daerah lebih leluasa mengabil kebijakan yang disesuaikan dengan aspirasi dan prioritas permasalahan yang dihadapi masyarakat.
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