Judul: Analisis Trombosit dan Leukosit pada Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak memiliki potensi penghambatan pertumbuhan sel MCF-7 kanker payudara. Telah dilakukan uji toksisitas akut dan hasilnya tidak menunjukkan dampak negatif pada parameter yang diamati. Agar dapat dilanjutkan pada fase klinis, perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas subkronis selama 90 hari untuk melihat keamanan pemberian ekstrak dalam waktu lama. Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan pada dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan jumlah trombosit, leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit tikus galur Sprague-dawley yang diinduksi dengan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak selama 90 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah trombosit, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit masih berada dalam rentang normal. Namun, nilai PDW H-60 dosis 20 mg/kgBB dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB sebesar 14,96% dan 15,1% serta nilai MPV H-30 dosis 240 mg/kgBB, satelit normal, dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB, yaitu 5,41 fL, 10,46 fL, dan 10,73 fL tidak berada di rentang normal. Hal tersebut diduga karena adanya infeksi patogen pada tikus. Ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak aman dikonsumsi selama 90 hari tanpa efek toksik yang tertunda., Previous research showed that soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Acute toxicity test has been carried out and the results did not show a negative impact on the observed parameters. In order to enter the clinical phase, it is necessary to do a subchronic toxicity test for 90 days to see the safety of long-term administration of the extract. The extract was administered at doses of 20, 80, and 240 mg/kgBW. This study aimed to compare the number of platelets, leukocytes, and differential leukocytes of Sprague-dawley rats induced with Soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract for 90 days. The results showed that the number of platelets, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), leukocytes, and differential leukocytes were still within the normal range. However, the value PDW on the 60 days at a dose of 20 mg/kgBW and satellite 240 mg/kgBW was 14,96% and 15,1% and the MPV value on the 30 days at a dose of 240 mg/kgBW, normal satellite, and satellite 240 mg/kgBW, that is 5,41 fL, 10,46 fL, and 10,73 fL were not in the normal range. This is probaby due to the presence of pathogenic infection in rats. Soursop leaf endophytic mold extract is safe to consume for 90 days without delayed toxic effects.
Keyword: differential leukocytes, endophytic fungi, MPV, PDW, toxicity

Judul: Amount of Erythrocytes, Hematocrit, and  Hemoglobin in Subchronic Toxicity Test of Endophytic Fungi in Soursop Leaves  Extract (Annona muricata L.)
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian in vitro dan in vivo terhadap ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) dan menunjukkan adanya kemampuan sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7 dan penurunan volume kanker pada tikus yang diinduksi DMBA, sehingga ekstrak ini dapat digunakan sebagai obat antikanker payudara. Uji toksisitas akut dan subakut juga telah dilakukan dan menunjukkan tidak adanya efek toksik sehingga perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas oral subkronis sebelum dilanjutkan ke uji klinis. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan nilai eritrosit, hematokrit, dan hemoglobin antar kelompok tikus Sprague-dawley setelah pemberian ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona muricata L.) selama 90 hari. Tikus dibagi menjadi 6 kelompok, yaitu kelompok normal, kelompok perlakuan yang diberikan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kgBB, serta kelompok satelit normal dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB. Hasil analisis ANOVA menunjukkan bahwa jumlah eritrosit, kadar hematokrit dan konsentrasi hemoglobin tidak berbeda nyata antara kelompok perlakuan dan satelit dengan kelompok normal. Nilai semua parameter masih berada pada rentang normal., In vitro and in vivo research on soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract showed a cytotoxicity ability against MCF-7 cells and reduced the cancer volume in DMBA induced rats, so it can be used as breast cancer drug. Acute and subacute toxicity test did not show any toxic effect therefore a subchronic oral toxicity test is needed prior to clinical test. This study aims to compare the value of erythrocytes, hematocrits, and hemoglobins on Sprague-dawley rats after given ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi in soursop leaves (Annona muricata L) for 90 days. The rats were divided into 6 groups: normal rats; group of rats given extract doses of 20, 80 and 240 mg/kgBW; the satellite group which were given normal treatment and the satellite group which were given the extract dose of 240 mg/kgBW. ANOVA analysis showed that the number of erythrocytes, hematocrit level and hemoglobin concentration were not significantly different between the treatment and satellite groups with the normal group. The values of all parameters are still in the normal range
Keyword: eritrosit, hematokrit, hemoglobin, kapang endofit, toksisitas, endophytic fungi, erythrocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin, toxicity

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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