Judul: Pengembangan Metode Pengujian Sifat Benih Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) melalui studi dormansi, ketahanan benih terhadap desikasi dan suhu rendah
Abstrak: Papaya (Carica papaya. L.) seeds are generally classified as intermediate because of it’s sensitive to desiccation until the moisture content below of 10%. It will loss germination when stored at low temperature, but several research determined papaya seed as ortodox. This research aimed to develop detection method of papaya seed behavior through 1) study on seed dormancy and its treatments, 2) study on papaya seeds tolerance to desiccation and 3) study on papaya seeds tolerance to low temperatures. The experiment was conducted at Leuwikopo Experimental Station and Laboratory of Seed Science and Technology of Bogor Agricultura University, and Sumani Experimental Station, Research Centre on Topical Fruit, Solok, West Sumatera from, December 2011 to September 2012. The first experiment separately compiled based on six genotypes of papayas are tested using the Split Plot in randomized complete Design. The first factor is the retention time (0,2,4,6,8 weeks) as the main plot and the second was the seed treatment (dry seeds, soaking with water, heat shock and treatment GA3) as the subplot. A second experiment using Split Plot in Complete Randomized Design. The first factor is the variety /genotype of papaya (Sukma, Merah Delima, Dampit varieties, and 1x2, 6x9 1xD) as the main plot, and each treatment was replicated four times. The second factor is the moisture content (4- 6%, 8-10% and 11-13%) as the subplot. The third experiment seed storage at low temperatures with water content (4-6%) using a completely randomized design (CRD) using those genotypes. The results showed that there were no dormancy on all genotypes tested. The effects of desiccation showed that six genotypes tested were tolerance to low moisture content (MC 4-6 %) with a maximum growth potential > 89% and 88.5%. It showed that Merah Delima and 1x2 genotypes were tolerance to low temperature (-20 °C) with germination percentage range between 79-85%, so that both genotypes classified as orthodox and the others (Sukma, Dampit, 1xD and 6x9 genotypes) classified as intermediate because germination percentage less than 60 %. Based on information of seed dormancy, desiccation tolerance to 4-6% moisture content and low temparature tolerance (-20 °C for 2 days), we can develop method to detect papaya seed behaviour and classified it as intermediate or orthodox.
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Judul: Viability and Vigor of  Papaya Seed (Carica papaya L.) Based on Differences of Seed Position on the Fruit and the Effect of Cleaning Seed’s Sarcotesta on Callina (IPB9) Variety Papaya Seed
Abstrak: Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) merupakan benih tanaman hortikultura dengan potensi ekonomi yang cukup baik untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Faktor penting untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pepaya adalah dengan memperhatikan penggunaan benih yang memiliki viabilitas dan vigor yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh perbedaan posisi benih pada buah pepaya dan pengaruh pembersihan sarkotesta pada benih terhadap viabilitas dan vigor benih pepaya Callina (IPB9). Penelitian ini memiliki dua faktor yaitu faktor posisi benih dan faktor pembersihan sarkotesta benih. Faktor pertama adalah posisi benih yang terdiri atas tiga bagian yaitu dari sepertiga bagian ujung, sepertiga bagian tengah, dan sepertiga bagian pangkal buah. Faktor kedua yaitu faktor pembersihan sarkotesta, yaitu benih dengan sarkotesta yang masih menempel (tidak dibersihkan) dan tanpa sarkotesta (sarkotesta dibersihkan), terdapat 6 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan, sehingga terdapat 18 satuan perobaan. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Posisi benih dan pembersihan sarkotesta sangat berpengaruh nyata terhadap viabiltas dan vigor benih pepaya varietas Callina (IPB9). Benih yang diperoleh dari pangkal buah dengan perlakuan sarkotesta yang dibersihkan (L1S2) memiliki viabilitas paling baik dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya sesuai hasil yang didapat yaitu daya berkecambah 74,40%, potensi tumbuh maksimum 97,60%, berat kering kecambah normal 0,40 g yang berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan lainnya, dan peubah vigor yaitu nilai indeks vigor 68,80%, dan nilai kecepatan tumbuh benih 4,38%/etmal., Papaya (Carica papaya L) is a horticurtural plant with good economic potential to be developed in Indonesia. An important factors to incrase papaya productivity is to pay attention to the use of the seed that have a good viability and vigor. The study aimed to study the effect of seed position on papaya fruit and the effect of cleaning seed’s sarcotesta on viability and vigor of papaya Callina seeds (IPB9). This research has two factors, namely the seed position factor and sarcotesta cleaning factor. The first factor is the position of the seed that devide into three parts namely from one third of the tip, one third of the middle, and one third of the base of the fruit. The second factor is the cleaning factor for sarcotesta, wich is seed with sarcotesta still attach (not cleaned) and without sarcotesta (sarcotesta has cleaned), there are 6 treatment combinations that repeated 3 replication in each treatment, there are 18 experimental units in total. The experimental design is using a complete randomized design (CRD). The seeds layout and cleaning of the sarcotesta had a significant effect on the viability and vigor of the Callina variety (IPB9) papaya seeds. The seeds obtained from the base of the fruit with the cleaned sarcotesta treatment (L1S2) had the best viability compared to other treatments according to the results obtained, that is seeds germination of 74,40%, maximum growth potential of 97,60%, dry weight of normal seedling 0,40 g which was significantly different from other treatments, and the vigor variable, the vigor index value of 68,80%, and the seedling growth rate of 4,38%/etmal.
Keyword: seed position, sarcotesta, hydroxibenzoid acid, phenolic, maturity

Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik