Judul: Pemurnian Heme Oksigenase dari Serratia marcescens dan Aplikasinya sebagai Biosensor Pengukur Kadar Hemoglobin Darah.
Abstrak: Salah satu gangguan medis terkait darah manusia khususnya kadar hemoglobin adalah anemia. Kondisi ini menyebabkan perlunya metode pengukuran kadar hemoglobin darah yang efektif dan efisien. Salah satu alternatif pengukuran kadar hemoglobin yang dapat digunakan adalah dengan sensor berbasis heme oksigenase dari Serratia marcescens. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan pemurnian enzim heme oksigenase dari bakteri Serratia marcescens untuk aplikasinya sebagai biosensor pengukur kadar hemoglobin darah. Tahapan yang dilalui pada penelitian ini adalah perbanyakan isolat Serratia marcescens, isolasi heme oksigenase, pemurnian parsial enzim dengan amounium sulfat 45-65% dan 65-85%, uji kadar protein dan aktivitas enzim, karakterisasi suhu dan pH optimum enzim, amobilisasi enzim, dan uji kinetika biosensor. Aktivitas spesifik enzim pada fraksi 45-65% sebesar 0.0158 U/mg dan pada fraksi 65-85% sebesar 0.0069 U/mg. Suhu optimum enzim bebas adalah 25oC dan pH optimum enzim adalah 6.5. Uji kinetika biosensor menghasilkan sensitivitas sebesar 0.57 mA.dL/g, Km 0.2400 g/dL, Vmaks 0.2455 mA. Kadar hemoglobin dengan uji biosensor pada sampel darah A, B, C, D, dan E berturut-turut sebesar 12.0, 13.8, 14.3, 12.5, dan 11.3 g/dL, sedangkan hasil pengukuran dengan uji laboratorium standar berturut-turut sebesar 13.2, 13.4, 14.2, 12.5, dan 11.1 g/dL. Tingkat akurasi yang didapatkan dari pengukuran kadar hemoglobin dengan menggunakan biosensor adalah 97.42% dan presisi sebesar 0.75 g/dL.
Keyword: biosensor, heme oksigenase, hemoglobin, Serratia marcescens

Judul: Non-Invasive Hemoglobin Measurement Tool Calibration
Abstrak: Di seluruh dunia prosentase penderita anemia, yaitu suatu keadaan rendahnya kadar hemoglobin dalam darah, masih tinggi. Oleh karena itu alat ukur hemoglobin sangat diperlukan. Namun sampai sekarang kebanyakan alat ukur hemoglobin masih menggunakan metoda invasive yang mengambil sampel darah dengan melukai pasien. Walaupun memiliki ketelitian yang sangat tinggi namun metoda invasive bisa menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan atau trauma bagi sebagian orang. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan alat ukur hemoglobin non-invasive yang mudah digunakan dan hasilnya bisa diandalkan. Penelitian ini melakukan kalibrasi sekaligus pengembangan terhadap alat ukur hemoglobin non-invasive hasil penelitan sebelumnya. Alat ini bekerja menggunakan prinsip reflektansi dimana LED pada probe memancarkan cahaya yang menembus kulit hingga mencapai pembuluh vena yang berisi darah yang mengandung hemoglobin. Pantulan cahaya dari vena diterima sensor photodiode, yang kemudian dikonversi menjadi data digital oleh ADS1115 dan disimpan dalam bentuk database di dalam Raspberry Pi. Data kemudian diolah menggunakan regresi linear berganda untuk kalibrasi dengan data pengukuran hemoglobin metoda SLS sebagai ground truth sehingga didapatkan persamaan linear berganda. Nilai Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) pada tahap kalibrasi didapatkan sebesar 1,332, yang berarti memenuhi syarat karena berdasarkan Jurnal Biomedical and Health Informatics persyaratan alat ukur hemoglobin nilai maksimal RMSE sebesar 1,352. Selanjutnya persamaan ini kemudian dimasukkan pada alat untuk proses validasi. Hasil validasi yang mendapatkan nilai RSME sebesar 1,264 yang berarti cukup rendah, atau alatnya cukup teliti., Throughout the world the percentage of people with anemia, which is a condition of low levels of hemoglobin in the blood, is still high. Therefore a hemoglobin measuring tool is needed. However, until now most hemoglobin measuring tools still use invasive methods which take blood samples by injuring the patient. Even though it has very high accuracy, the invasive method can cause discomfort or trauma for some people. Therefore, a non-invasive hemoglobin measuring tool is needed that is easy to use and has reliable results. This study calibrated as well as developed a non-invasive hemoglobin measuring tools resulting from previous research. This tool works using the principle of reflectance where the LED on the probe emits light that penetrates the skin until it reaches the veins which contain blood containing hemoglobin. The light reflected from the veins is received by the photodiode sensor, which is then converted into digital data by the ADS1115 and stored in a database on the Raspberry Pi. The data was then processed using multiple linear regression for calibration with hemoglobin measurement data using the SLS method as the ground truth so that a multiple linear equation was obtained. The Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) value at the calibration stage was 1.332, which means that it meets the requirements because based on the Biomedical and Health Informatics Journal the maximum RMSE value for the hemoglobin measuring instrument is 1.352. Furthermore, this equation is then entered into the tool for the validation process. The validation results obtained an RSME value of 1,264 which means it is quite low, or the tool is quite thorough.
Keyword: Anemia, hemoglobin, non-invasive, Raspberry Pi

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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