Judul: Ciartoderma sp. (Isolation of Polysaccharide Compound from Culture of Mycelium Cianoderma sp
Abstrak: Studi tentang senyawa aktif dari jamur (Ganoderma sp. telah banyak dilakukan teratama dari golongan polisakarida dan terpenoid. Isolasi unmumnya dilakukan pada tubuh buah jamur Pengembangan penelitian lebih lanjut adalah mengisolasi senyawa bioaktif dari medium biakan jamur Senyawa bioakul yang diperoleh berasal dari hasil metabolisıne jamur baik metabolit primer seperti proten, lemak, dan polisakarida maupun metabolit sekunder seperti terpenoid, alkaloid, dan flavonoid Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga jenis meditun binkan yang berbeda yaitu: (1) modrnum campuran ekstrak malt 4% ekstrak veast 0.1% D-glukosa 5% KH,PO, 0.05% MgSO 7H2O (0,05% (2) ekstrak malt cair, dan (3) PDB (Potatoe Dextrose Broth). Isolasi dan pemuruan senyawa polisakarida dipilih. dari medium tumbuh yang menghasilkan metabolit ekstraseluler yang tertinggi. Isolasi dilakukan dengan mengestrak medium dan mengendapkam polisakarida dengan etanol Peninian dilakukan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan teknik filtrasi gel Sephadex G-100 sebagai fasa diam. Pada tahap akhir penelitian dilakukan pengujian fraksi polisakarida terhadap sel lestari Raji (Burkitt Lymphoma, Human. ATTC CCL 86) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan balma medium tumbuh yang terbaik adalah medium campurna yang menghasilkan jurulah metabolit yang terbesar yaitu setelah ekstraksi sebesar 8,0474 g 0.0275 g per liter. Isolası polisakarıda dan mediun campuran ini menghasilkan empat buah fraksi yaitu fraksi 4-7 dengan rendemen 0,1519% (w/v), fraksi 8-11 (0,1804 %). fraksi 14-18 (0.3718%), dan fraksi 19-23 sebesar 0.2416% Fraksi 14-18 dan fraksi 19-23 dapat digolongkan ke dalam a atau 3-D-glukan berdasarkan uji kualitatif dengan pereaksi anilina hidrogen ftalat, dan fenol asam sulfat 2 M11 dan hasil pemisahan dengan KLT dengan standar glukosa, sukrosa, dan galaktosa. Pada pengujian terhadap sel lestari Raji dengan satu kali dosis sebesar 0.1519% (w/v) menunjukkan bahwa fraksi 14-18 inemiliki daya hambar vang terbaik sampai pengamatan pada hari ke- 5 yaitu sebesar 58,82%
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Judul: Aktivitas dan purifikasi senyawa antimikrob dari tubuh buah Ganoderma isolat gkr7
Abstrak: Potensi jamur Ganoderma spp sebagai sumber senyawa antimikrob baru perlu mendapat perhatian untuk mengatasi berbagai persoaIan yang ditimbuIkan mikroorganisme patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mernurnikan senyawa antimikrob dari tubuh buah Ganoderma sp. isolat GKR7 dengan metode kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif (XL TP) dan menguji kernbali aktivitas senyawa semi murni aktif hasil purifikasi tersebut terbadap mikrob uji. Tubuh buah Ganoderma .p. isolat GKR7 diekstraksi dua kali dengan metanol dan diuji aktivitasnya terhadap mikrob uji. MelaIui bioautografi diketahui terdapat dua spot aktif daIam ekstrak kasar tubuh buah GKR7 yaitu pada Rc 0,73 (fraksi FI) dan Rc 0,40 (Fraksi F2). Kedua spot aktif tersebut dipisahkan dengan KL TP dan diuji kembali aktivitasnya. Untuk mengetahui kemungkinan senyawa yang terkandung daIam kedua fraksi, maka dilakukan revelasi kimia dan analisis sifat fisikokimia terhadap kedua fraksi.
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Judul: Exchange Market Pressure and Central Bank Intervention for Three ASEAN Countries
Abstrak: Two of the exchange rate systems which are adopted by many countries are the floating and the fixed exchange rate system. Both the exchange rate systems have different characteristics. Countries that implement fixed exchange rates system tend to set their domestic currency exchange rate at a certain point. On the contrary, countries which implement floating exchange rate system tend to let their domestic currency exchange rate to move flexibly and thus their value will always change according to the demand and supply of the currency in the foreign exchange market. Countries which implement floating exchange rate system are facing the risk of fluctuation in the exchange rate of their domestic currency against foreign currencies. The currency exchange rate fluctuation may be caused by economic problems such as a financial crisis. A country can also be potentially affected by other countries’ earlier financial crisis. This effect could potentially happen if these countries are in the same region, such as ASEAN. The 1997 ASEAN economic crisis was an example of a country’s financial crisis could affect other countries. At that time, some countries such as Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand had to change their currency exchange rate system from the fixed exchange rate system to the floating exchange rate system due to the high costs which has to be incurred if they were to enforce the fixed exchange rate system. During 2002 until 2012, the domestic exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand against the U.S. dollar had tended to fluctuate. If the domestic currency exchange rate fluctuated excessively then the central bank would intervene to stabilize the exchange rate in the foreign exchange market. The pressure on domestic currency exchange rate pressures has forced the central bank to intervene. The amount of those pressures can be analyzed by calculating the Exchange Market Pressure (EMP) index. Apart from that, the time when interventions are done by the central bank can be known based on EMP by calculating the Exchange Market Intervention (EMI) index. The purposes of this study were to determine the level of international pressure on the currency exchange market and monetary authorities intervene in three ASEAN countries, as well as to determine the effect of the monetary authorities intervene on the exchange rate of the domestic currency against the U.S. dollar in those three ASEAN countries. Based on the EMP index calculation results which are obtained during 2002 to 2012 period, the exchange rate of Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand’s domestic currency had always fluctuated and the results of the EMP index indicated that each country were under diverse level of currency exchange rate appreciation and depreciation pressures. Thailand was the country with the highest currency exchange rate pressure compared to Indonesia and Malaysia. The results on the intervention index calculation showed that Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand have intervention index between zero and one and more than one. We can also see from the intervention index that Indonesia and Thailand implement the controlled floating currency exchange rate instead of the freely floating one. Based on the calculation of the currency exchange rate by comparing
Keyword: exchange rate, exchange market pressure, intervention