Judul: The Impact of The Automotive Product Mutual Recogniton Agreement (APMRA) on The Export of Indonesian Automotive Products to ASEAN 6
Abstrak: Perdagangan produk otomotif kerap mengalami hambatan dikarenakan standarisasi yang berbeda di tiap negaranya. Hal tersebut tentu akan berdampak kepada Indonesia, selaku negara pengekspor produk otomotif (HS 8703) terbesar kedua dibawah Thailand. Sebagai salah satu upaya mengatasi hambatan tersebut, Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN (MEA) sepakat untuk menandatangani Automotive Product Mutual Recognition Agreement (APMRA) yang mulai diberlakukan pada 15 Januari 2022. APMRA ditujukan untuk mengharmonisasi standar produk otomotif di kawasan ASEAN sehingga perdagangan tidak lagi terhambat oleh kebijakan standarisasi produk yang berbeda-beda. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa dampak APMRA terhadap ekspor produk otomotif Indonesia dengan menggunakan pendekatan Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan X-Model, dan regresi data panel. Hasil RCA menunjukan produk otomotif Indonesia berdaya saing tinggi di Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Hasil EPD menunjukkan bahwa posisi produk otomotif Indonesia di berada di kuadran rising star kecuali Singapura pada falling star. Berdasarkan X-Model, pengembangan pasar optimis untuk produk otomotif Indonesia berada di Filipina, Thailand, dan Vietnam. Regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa RCA dan dummy APMRA berpengaruh positif terhadap nilai ekspor produk otomotif Indonesia ke ASEAN 6., The trade of automotive products often faces obstacles due to differing standards in each country. This situation naturally impacts Indonesia, which is the second-largest exporter of automotive products (HS 8703) after Thailand. As part of efforts to overcome these barriers, the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) agreed to sign the Automotive Product Mutual Recognition Agreement (APMRA), which came into effect on January 15, 2022. The APMRA aims to harmonize automotive product standards within the ASEAN region so that trade is no longer hindered by differing product standardization policies. This study aims to analyze the impact of APMRA on Indonesia's automotive product exports using the approaches of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamics (EPD), and X-Model, along with panel data regression. The RCA results indicate that Indonesian automotive products have a high competitiveness in the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. The EPD results show that the position of Indonesian automotive products is in the rising star quadrant, except for Singapore, which is in the falling star quadrant. According to the X-Model, optimistic market development for Indonesian automotive products is expected in the Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam. Panel data regression results show that RCA and the APMRA dummy have a positive influence on the value of Indonesia's automotive product exports to the ASEAN-6 countries.
Keyword: daya saing, regresi data panel, Produk Otomotif, Automotive Product Mutual Recognition Agreement, Masyarakat Ekonomi ASEAN

Judul: Competitiveness and Factors Affecting Indonesia's Automotive Exports to the ASEAN Region
Abstrak: Sektor otomotif merupakan bagian dari sektor industri manufaktur yang berkontribusi besar terhadap GDP Indonesia. Pasar ASEAN merupakan paar yang sangat potensial, namun Indonesia hanya menempati urutan kedua dalam penguasaan pasar perdagangan otomotif di kawasan ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis posisi daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor otomotif Indonesia ke kawasan ASEAN. Selanjutnya dalam penelitian ini menggunakan alat analisis Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan data panel untuk menjawab tujuan-tujuan tesebut. Periode dalam penelitian ini adalah enam tahun (2013-2018) dengan negara tujuan ekspor adalah Brunei Darusallam, Kamboja, Malaysia, Myanmar, Laos, Filipina, Singapura, Thailand dan Vietnam. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa otomotif Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di negara Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, Filipina, Laos, Thailand, dan Vietnam sedangkan sisanya memiliki daya saing lemah. Hasil analisis data panel menunjukkan bahwa GDP riil perkapita negara tujuan, pertumbuhan populasi negara tujuan, harga ekspor dan nilai tukar riil berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor otomotif Indonesia., The automotive sector is a part of the manufacturing industry sector which contributes greatly to Indonesia's GDP. The ASEAN market is a very potential market, but Indonesia is only takes the second position in the dominance of the automotive market shares in this region. The purpose of this research is to analyze the position of competitiveness and the factors that influence Indonesia's automotive exports to the ASEAN region. Furthermore, in this research using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) analysis tools and panel data to answer these objectives. The period in this study is six years (2013-2018) with the export destination countries being Brunei Darusallam, Cambodia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Laos, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam. The results of the analysis show that Indonesian automotive has a comparative advantage in Brunei Darussalam, Malaysia, the Philippines, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam while the rest have weak competitiveness. The results of panel data analysis show that the real GDP per capita of the destination country, population growth of the destination country, export prices and real exchange rate have a significant effect on the volume of Indonesia's automotive exports.
Keyword: RCA, Data Panel, Otomotif, Negara Kawasan ASEAN

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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