Judul: Pola Asuh dan Kualitas Anak pada Keluarga Miskin dan Tidak Miskin di Daerah Aliran Sungai Cimanuk
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga, karakteristik anak, dan pola asuh yang dilakukan oleh keluarga miskin dan tidak miskin terhadap kualitas anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional yang dilakukan di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Cimanuk yaitu Kabupaten Garut dan Kabupaten Indramayu dengan total sebanyak 200 keluarga dengan anak usia 2-5 tahun sebagai contoh. Contoh keluarga terdiri dari 64 keluarga miskin dan 136 keluarga tidak miskin. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendidikan ibu, usia anak, dan pola asuh memiliki pengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas anak yang dicapai. Tidak ada perbedaan antara kualitas anak pada keluarga miskin dan tidak miskin, namun terlihat adanya perbedaan signifikan pada besar keluarga, usia ayah, tingkat pendidikan orangtua, pendapatan per kapita keluarga, dan pola asuh secara total yang dilakukan oleh orang tua pada keluarga miskin dan tidak miskin.
Keyword: pola asuh, kualitas anak, keluarga miskin, keluarga tidak miskin, daerah aliran sungai

Judul: Pengaruh Kualitas Lingkungan Pengasuhan dan Perilaku Investasi Anak terhadap Kualitas Anak pada Keluarga di DAS Cimanuk
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan dan perilaku investasi anak terhadap kualitas anak pada keluarga di Daerah Aliran Sungai Cimanuk Jawa Barat. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan cross-sectional study; melibatkan 200 keluarga yang tinggal di hulu (kabupaten Garut) dan hilir sungai (Kabupaten Indramayu) dan memiliki anak usia 2-5 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa lama pendidikan ibu, usia anak, dan keikutsertaan anak dalam PAUD/TK mempengaruhi kualitas anak. Kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan dipengaruhi oleh usia ibu, lama pendidikan ibu, lama pendidikan ayah, keikutsertaan anak dalam PAUD/TK dan perilaku investasi anak dimensi alokasi pengeluaran keluarga untuk anak. Alokasi pengeluaran keluarga untuk anak dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan perkapita keluarga. Alokasi waktu ibu untuk anak dipengaruhi usia anak.
Keyword: kualitas anak, kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan, alokasi waktu ibu, alokasi pengeluaran keluarga

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable