Judul: Pengaruh Lokasi Lahan Garapan Terhadap Moda Produksi Petani Tembakau di Kabupaten Temanggung
Abstrak: This research aims to determine the effect of the arable land locations in the highlands and lowlands to the mode of production that develops on tobacco farming communities. This research was conducted using quantitative research approach, namely the use of instruments such as questionnaires, and qualitative research approach using case study method. These results explained that there are dominations of the capitalist mode of production in the lowlands, while in the highlands, the dominations occurred in the use of commercial mode of production. In the highlands, the capitalist mode of production has also been used by some farmers. Information obtained from the results of the case study states that the use of the capitalist mode of production in highlands is being increasingly used. This fact concludes that tobacco farming communities in the highlands using commercial mode of production with capitalist tendencies or can be referred to pre-capitalist mode of production. The differences between the mode of productions that develops in the two locations is caused by several factors, including the cultivation pattern and orientation of production, education level, labor requirements, and market accessibility.
Keyword: tobacco., mode of production, location of land

Judul: Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice of Farmers in  Tobacco Pest and Disease Management in Banyudono, Boyolali Regency
Abstrak: Tembakau memegang peranan penting sebagai komoditas ekspor di Indone sia. Namun demikian, hama dan penyakit seringkali membatasi produksi temba kau. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani dalam pengelolaan hama dan penyakit tanaman tembakau di Kecamatan Banyudono, Kabupaten Boyolali. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei langsung kepada 60 petani tembakau dengan menggunakan kuesioner ter struktur untuk mendapatkan data primer. Sementara itu, data sekunder diperoleh dari pemerintah daerah. Data yang diperoleh disajikan secara deskriptif dan diana lisis dengan menggunakan χ2 (chi-square). Pengetahuan petani tentang budi daya tembakau berasal secara turun-temurun dari orang tua. Hama dan penyakit utama budi daya tembakau adalah Spodoptera litura, Myzus persicae, Aphis gosypii, Helicoverpa sp., Bemisia sp., penyakit kerupuk (Tobacco leaf curl virus), lanas (Phytohpthora nicotiane), dan patik daun (Cercospora nicotinae). Serangan hama dan penyakit tersebut dapat menyebabkan penurunan kualitas tembakau. Hub ungan antara usia, pendidikan, pengalaman usaha tani, dan keanggotaan gapoktan menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan petani berhubungan dengan tingkat pendidikan petani. Sikap petani berhubungan dengan usia dan pendidikan, sedangkan tinda kan petani berhubungan dengan tingkat pengalaman usaha tani dan keanggotaan gapoktan., Tobacco plays role as important export commodity in Indonesia. This re search was aimed to obtain informations about the knowledge, attitude, and prac tice of of tobacco pests and diseases management in Banyudono District, Boyolali Regency. This research was done by conducting direct survey to 60 tobacco farm ers using structured questionnaires to collect primary data, while a data was ob tained from local government. The data obtained were presented descriptively and analyzed using χ2 (chi-square). Farmers' knowledge about tobacco cultivation comes from generation to generation from their parents. Major pests and diseases of tobacco plants were Spodoptera litura, Myzus persicae, Aphis gosypii, Heli coverpa sp., Bemisia sp., leaf curl disease (Tobacco leaf curl virus), black shank (Phytohpthora nicotiane), and frog-eye disease (Cercospora nicotinae). These pests and diseases reduced tobacco quality. The relationship among age, educa tion, farming experience, and the membership of farmer group, showed that the farmers’ knowledge was closely related to their formal education background. Farmers’ attitude was correlated with age and formal education, while farmers’ practice was correlated with farming experience and the membership of farmer group
Keyword: cultivation, farmer characteristics, IPM

Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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