Judul: Aktivitas antitoksik katekin-α-glukosida hasil reaksi transfer enzimatik
Abstrak: Katekin mcrupakan salah satu senyawa (unman polifenol yang dikenal memiliki aktivitas biomedisin. Akan tetapi hingga saat ini scnyaw3 katckin belum dimanfaatkan secara optimum karena mcmiliki kelamtan yang rendah di dalam air dan tidnk stabil. Kestabiian dan kelarutannya dapat ditingkalkan dengan cara mcngubah senyawa tcrscbut mcnjadi senyawa dalam bentuk glikosida mclalui reaksi transgiikosilasi. baik secara kimin. enzimatik. maupun mcnggunakan kullur suspcnsi sel. Sintesis senyawa po1ifcnol glukosida mclalui transfer enzimatik menjadi pilihan karena memiliki berbagai kelebihan baik dari segi biaya maupun metode. Katekin-α-glukosida tersebut memiliki potcnsi linggi untuk diuji dan dimanfaatkan. salah satunya sebagai senyawa antitoksik yang akhir-akhir ini mulai menarik perhatian ilmuwan.
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Judul: Transglikosilasi Enzimatik Dan Uji Aktivitas Polifenol-A-Glukosida Sebagai Senyawa Antibakteri
Abstrak: Senyawa fenol dan turunannya telah diketahui mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri. Namun senyawa ini belurn ditnanfaatkan secara optimum, karena sifatnya yang kurang larut air dan tidak stabil terhadap pengaruh oksidasi, cahaya, dan perubahan kimia. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan kestabilamya adalali dengan nie~~ibentuske nyawa glikosida, melalui reaksi trar.sglikosilasi baik secara kimiawi maupun enzimatik dengan bantua~ie nzim transferase. Pada penelitian ini, senyawa polifenol-a-glukosida disintesis secara enzimatik menggunakan siklodekstrin glukanotransferase (CGTase) dari Bacilltrs rnegnterittrn, B. coagulans, B. polymixa, dan Coiidirln rtrgosa. Aktivitas transglikosilasi CGTase diuji pada empat akseptor polifenol (hidrokuinon, resorsinol, pirokatekol, dan katekin) dengan pati sebagai donor ygus glukosil, bertujuan untuk menentukan polifenol-a-glukosida yang akan disintesis dalam skala besar. Produk yang dihasilkan diidentifikasi menggunakan teknik kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT), dengan lal-utan propanol 85% (v/v) sebagai larutan pengembang. Kemudian prodr~k transfer yang dihasilkan dipisahkan dari komponen lain sampai homogen dengan kromatografi kololn (matriks ODS dan eluen metannl), dan diuji aktivilasnya sebagai senyawa antibakteri padn Bacillris szrbtilis, B. cercra, dan Escherichio coli,. Analisis KLT menunjukkan bahwa keempat mikrob dapat menghasilkan enzim CGTase. Enzini CGTase dari C. rngosa dan 5. rnegateri~rm dapat mentransfer gugus glukosil pada semua akseptor polifenol, sedangkan CGTase dari B. coag~rlansd an B. pnlyrr~ixah anya dapat mentransfer gugus glukosil ke Iiidrokuinon, resorsinol, dan katekin. Resorsinol-a-glukosida dipilih untul. disintesis dalam skala besar ~iienggunakan enzim CGTase dari B. coag~rlans. Kemampuan resorsinol-a-glukosida dalam menghambat pertnmbuhan bakteri uji dibandingkan dengan resorsinol dan arbutin. Dari ketiga bakteri uji, resorsinol-a-glukosida menunjukkan daya hambat terhadap pertumbuhan B. strbtilis dan E, coli, sedangkan arbutiu dan resorsinol tidak mempunyai kemampuan dalam mengliambat perturnbullan ketiga bakteri tersebut. Konsentrasi resorsinol-a-glukosida yang semakin meningkat menghasilkan daya hambat yang seniakin besar, sedangkan lamanya waktu inkubasi menyebabkan daya hambatnya semakin mentuun.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite