Judul: Optimization of Drying and Storage Processes for Milled Dry Grain at the Modern Rice Milling Plant in Perum Bulog Karawang
Abstrak: MRMP Karawang merupakan sentra penggilingan padi yang perlu meningkatkan produktivitas beras dengan mengoptimasi proses pengeringan dan penyimpanan GKG demi menjaga ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor pengeringan dan penyimpanan GKG terhadap mutu beras yang dihasilkan sehingga dapat dihasilkan suhu optimal dan parameter yang sesuai. Penelitian optimasi pengeringan dilakukan dengan dua pengujian suhu pada sistem kontrol manual. Pengeringan dipengaruhi oleh suhu, kadar air awal, kondisi alat, dan varietas gabah. Hasil pengeringan menunjukkan bahwa sistem kontrol manual dengan suhu 70 °C dapat memperoleh rendemen tertinggi, laju pengeringan tertinggi, dan persen loss terendah berturut-turut sebanyak 83,05%, 0,947%/jam, dan 3,11%. Analisa biaya terendah diperoleh oleh suhu 75 °C karena proses pengeringan berlangsung lebih cepat dengan mengeluarkan biaya sebesar Rp 673.372.8. Hasil mutu penggiliingan ditunjukkan bahwa sistem kontrol manual dengan suhu 70 °C mencapai butir kepala tertingi sebanyak 83,04%. Identifikasi faktor kualitas mutu GKG disusun dan dibuat prosedur terkait penyimpanan GKG dengan maksimal kadar GKG yang disimpan 14%bb, suhu 30 °C, kelembapan 70%, dan masa simpan kurang dari 8 bulan dengan pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan berupa penambahan sensor integrasi dengan aplikasi, monitoring harian, kalibrasi sensor, pencatatan, pemakaian chiller, dan maintenance alat., MRMP Karawang is a rice milling center that needs to increase rice productivity by optimizing the drying and storage processes of GKG (Gabah Kering Giling) to ensure food security in Indonesia. This research aims to identify the factors affecting the drying and storage of GKG on the quality of rice produced, to determine the optimal temperature and appropriate parameters. The drying optimization study was conducted with two temperature tests on a manual control system. Drying is influenced by temperature, initial moisture content, equipment conditions, and the variety of rice. The results of the drying process show that the manual control system at 70 °C achieved the highest yield, highest drying rate, and lowest loss percentage, with respective values of 83.05%, 0.947%/hour, and 3.11%. The lowest cost analysis was achieved at 75 °C because the drying process was faster, incurring costs of Rp 673,372.8. The milling quality results indicate that the manual control system at 70 °C achieved the highest head rice yield of 83.04%. The identification of GKG quality factors has been compiled, and procedures related to the storage of GKG have been established, with a maximum GKG moisture content of 14%wb, a storage temperature of 30 °C, humidity of 70%, and a storage duration of less than 8 months. The recommended control measures include the addition of integrated sensors with applications, daily monitoring, sensor calibration, record-keeping, the use of chillers, and equipment maintenance.
Keyword: pengeringan, penyimpanan, Suhu, Gabah, GKG

Judul: Optimization of Paddy Drying with an  Automatic Control System Based on Fuzzy Logic in Modern Rice Milling Plant  BULOG Karawang
Abstrak: Proses pengeringan gabah merupakan langkah krusial dalam memastikan kualitas akhir produk dan efisiensi produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengoptimalkan suhu dalam proses pengeringan gabah serta mengevaluasi efektivitasnya dengan menggunakan sistem kontrol otomatis berdasarkan logika fuzzy. Parameter yang dianalisis meliputi laju pengeringan, waktu pengeringan, rendemen hasil proses pengeringan, loss, mutu beras, dan biaya. Penelitian ini mendasarkan atas literatur dan diskusi dengan mitra untuk mendapatkan suhu pengeringan dengan sistem kontrol otomatis berdasarkan logika fuzzy yang paling optimal. Pengujian dilakukan pada dua skenario suhu, yaitu 65-50 oC dan 65-55 oC yang mana kedua skenario tersebut memiliki perbedaan di tahap ke-4 penurunan suhu (50 oC dan 55 oC) yang kemudian dilakukan pengujian untuk menemukan titik optimal yang menghasilkan mutu beras terbaik dengan biaya dan waktu pengeringan optimal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu optimal untuk pengeringan gabah adalah 50 °C yang menghasilkan mutu beras terbaik dengan tingkat rendemen pengeringan dan laju pengeringan tertinggi, waktu pengeringan tercepat, serta loss dan butir menir terendah. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa penggunaan sistem kontrol otomatis berdasarkan logika fuzzy dalam proses pengeringan gabah dapat secara efektif mengoptimalkan mutu beras yang dihasilkan, dengan rendemen yang tinggi dan butir menir yang rendah. Implementasi penggunaan sistem kontrol otomatis berdasarkan logika fuzzy ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi positif bagi pengolahan beras di Indonesia terutama di MRMP BULOG Karawang, The rice drying process is a crucial step in ensuring the final product quality and production efficiency. This research aims to optimize the temperature in the rice drying process and evaluate its effectiveness using an automatic control system based on fuzzy logic. The parameters include drying rate, drying time, yield of the drying process, loss, rice quality, and cost. This study is based on literature and discussions with partners to obtain the most optimal drying temperature with an automatic control system based on fuzzy logic. Testing was conducted on two temperature scenarios to find the optimal point that produces the best rice quality with optimal cost and drying time, namely 65-50 °C and 65-55 °C, where the two scenarios differ in the fourth stage of temperature reduction, at 50 °C and 55 °C. The results showed that the optimal temperature for rice drying is 50 °C, which produces the best rice quality with the highest yield and drying rate, fastest drying time, and the lowest loss and broken rice grains. This study concludes that the use of an automatic control system based on fuzzy logic in the rice drying process can effectively optimize the resulting rice quality, with high yield and low broken grains. The implementation of this automatic control system based on fuzzy logic is expected to provide positive contributions to the rice processing industry in Indonesia, especially in MRMP BULOG Karawang.
Keyword: optimization, temperature, automatic control system, drying, fuzzy

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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