Judul: The Promotore and Intron Nucleotide Variation of Myostatin Gene within Indonesiau Local Sheeps
Abstrak: lvIyostatin or growth and di/Terentiation Jactor 8 (GOF-8) is a member of transforming growth Jactor-il (TG f.-il) superfamily of growth and differentiation factors. GOF-8 is essential for proper regulation of skeletal muscle mass in vertebrate, that is expressed specifically postnatal. In mutations condition, it is suggested that gene to be a "loss of function" which give an effect to increasing skeletal mass, due to the increasing number of muscle tlbres (hypelplasia) or the size of muscle fibres (hypertrophy). Some mutation that occurs not in a loss of function, might be improve their ability to promote muscle growth or even in decreasing muscle size. The PCRSSCP technique was used to identify of nucleotide mutation in promotor region and intron 2 of myostatin gene of some local sheep in Indonesia. A total of 145 blood samples were used in this study comprised four localities, i.e. Cibanteng (43), Cilebut (26), UP3 Jonggol (38) and Wanaraja (38). The result showed that there are four types of myostatin gene based on T'CR-SSCP (type K, L, lvI and N) promoter region. The K and lvI types were found in all population, however the Land N types were not found in Wanaraja and Cilebut population respectivly. In the region of intron 2 we found five defer<;nt types of gene. There are gene type of A, E, C, F and G. The A type gene from intron 2 found only in Cibanteng population. From sequencing data, K, lvi, and N gen type were found from the promotor area. There are 8 mutation points in gen type K, 4 mutation points in gen type lvi, and 34 mutation points in gen type N. However, the gene types did not correlate whith the growth rate of the sheep. Nevertheless, the mutated gene described the polymorphism of Indonesian local sheep.
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Myostatin (MSTN|BsrI) pada Ayam Lokal Indonesian dan Persilangannya
Abstrak: Myostatin (MSTN) atau Growth and Differentiation Factor 8 (GDF8) adalah anggota dari Transforming Growth Factor (TGF)-b superfamily yang berfungsi sebagai regulator negatif dari pertumbuhan otot skeletal. Mutasi basa Timin menjadi Guanin pada ekson 2 gen MSTN yang menyebabkan perubahan asam amino leusin menjadi arginin berhubungan dengan bobot badan ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi keragaman gen Myostatin (MSTN) pada ayam lokal indonesia dan persilangannya. Sampel darah yang digunakan dalam penelitian sebanyak 162 ekor ayam yang terdiri dari ayam kampung terseleksi, merawang GO, kapas, sentul, KPt, dan merwang G1. Amplifikasi gen MSTN|BsrI dilakukan dengan metode PCR-RFLP. Hasil produk amplifikasi adalah sepanjang 247 bp. Genotipe yang ditemukan pada gen MSTN BsrI adalah GG, TT, dan GT dengan 2 macam alel yaitu alel G dan alel T. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa frekuensi genotipe TT dan GT lebih tinggi dari frekuensi genotipe GG. Nilai frekuensi alel total untuk semua populasi memperlihatkan bahwa frekuensi alel tertinggi adalah alel T sebesar 0.72 dan terendah adalah alel G sebesar 0.28. Populasi ayam kampung terseleksi, KPt dan merawang G1 berada pada keadaan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Populasi ayam kampung terseleksi, merawang GO dan merawang G1 memiliki nilai heterosigositas pengamatan (Ho) yang lebih fendah dari nilai heterosigositas harapan (He), sedangkan nilai heterosigositas Bengamatan (Ho) pada ayam KPt dan sentul lebih tinggi dari nilai heterosigositas harapannya (He). Kesimpulan yang dapat diambil dari hasil analisis adalah gen MSTN BsrI pada kampung terseleksi, merawang GO, sentul, silangan kampung x petelur, dan merawang G1 bersifat polimorfik.
Keyword: MSTN, Native Chicken, PCR-RFLP, Polimorphism, G D F 8, T G F, Mutation, Thymine, Local chicken, Myostatin gene, Arginine, Local chicken

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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