Judul: Digital Audio Watermarking Implementasion using Mixed Region of Interest Audio and Binary Image as Watermark.
Abstrak: The growth of networking technology and the growth of digital multimedia have made copyright protection as an important issue. Digital audio watermarking is proposed to overcome this issue. The use of mixed ROI audio and binary image as watermark is a method for copyright protection and tampering localization. ROI audio is generated from host audio in certain length and binary image is encrypted using chaos logistic map. Both ROI audio and encrypted binary image are mixed to be hidden in host audio. Before they are hidden, the host audio has to be decomposed in several levels using LWT. The value of mixed ROI audio and encrypted binary image will replace the value which is generated by LWT to reconstruct the watermarked audio. The watermarks can be extracted from watermarked audio using independent component analysis and some inversed steps. The watermarked audio which is tampered can be localized after some stages of watermark extraction. The quality of watermarked audio is measured using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the values of SNR from some experiments are above 20 dB. It means that the quality of watermarked audio is good. The quality of extracted binary image is measured using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and the result shows that there is not any difference between the original binary image and the extracted binary image. Signal processings on watermarked audio is implemented to analyze how robust this method is. They are resampling, requantizing, low-pass filter, and white noising. The experiments show good results. Keywords: audio watermarking, tampering localization, independent component analysis (ICA), lifting wavelet transform (LWT), region of interest (ROI), signal to noise ratio (SNR), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR)
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Judul: Implementasi Teknik Audio Watermarking dengan Metode Phase Coding
Abstrak: Today, digital data has substituted analog data in various applications. The digital data is easier to make, manipulate and distribute, these are the advantages of the digital data. Otherwise, copyright protection is one of the problems using the digital data. The wider of the use of computer network and technology make digital data easier to distribute illegally at the lower cost and qualified content. This problem could be handled by the digital watermarking, a technology which allows a secret message to be hidden in digital data, without the detection of a user. The watermark is not apparent to the user, and does not affect in any way, the use of the original data. Audio watermarking is the part of digital watermarking. Audio watermarking is the information insertion process to the audio and the extraction process to retrieve the information without influence the audio quality. In this research, implemented audio watermarking to the wav audio data using Phase Coding method that works in the frequency domain. The phase coding method works by substituting the phase of an initial audio segment with a reference phase that represents the watermark data. Phase coding method resulted the PSNR (Peak Signal to Noise Ratio) value as the quality measurement. Based on the analysis result, the watermarked audio quality using this method is above 30 db and the watermark file can be extracted in the value of BER (Bit Error Rate) = 0%. Phase coding method has passed 5 (five) attacks as an analysis benchmarking, the attacks are resampling, cropping, noise addition, time stretching, and multiple watermark with the same information and also different information. Based on the analysis benchmarking result, phase coding method only robust to the resampling and noise addition attacks. This audio watermarking technique using phase coding method implemented using Matlab 7.0.1
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Judul: Definisi zat besi ( Fe ) pada anak babi
Abstrak: Dalam bidang sub sektor peternakan, ternak babi mempunyai prospek yang cukup baik untuk dikembangkan dalam rangka meningkatkan eksport non migas. Namun anak-anak babi yang sedang menyusu sering mengalami defisiensi zat besi (Fe). Bila masalah ini tidak segera ditanggulangi, peternak akan mengalami kerugian. Zat besi dapat diperoleh dari makanan yang berasal dari hewan (tepung tulang, tepung ikan, tepung daging, "skimmed milk"); tumbuh-tumbuhan (leguminosae, rumput-rumputan, biji-bijian) dan mineral alam (Girindra, 1979). Dalam tubuh hewan, zat besi berperanan sebagai pembawa 02 ke seluruh jaringan, juga sebagai pembawa oksigen pernafasan di dalam sel urat daging (Underwood, 1981). Dalam duodenum dan yeyenum bagian atas, besi dalam bentuk ferro akan diserap. Penyerapan ini akan diatur berdasarkan teori "mucosal block" dari Granick. Kemudian dalam plasma darah, besi akan berikatan dengan B₁ globulin dan membentuk transferrin, yang akan segera dibawa ke seluruh jaringan. Kelebihan besi akan diikat oleh apoferritin dan membentuk ferritin yang ditimbun sebagai besi cadangan, terutama di hati. Bila kapasitas besi yang dapat disimpan sebagai ferritin telah jenuh, maka besi akan ditimbun sebagai hemosiderin. Zat besi dalam jumlah yang sedikit akan diekskresikan melalui pengelupas- an epitil, tinja, air kemih, cairan empedu, keringat. ...
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