Judul: Bio-assay bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) terdetoksifikasi menggunakan mencit (Mus musculus) sebagai hewan coba
Abstrak: A research to examine the effect of detoxified Jatropha curcas meal from several origins in mice diets (Mus musculus) had been conducted. The amounts of 144 mice were kept in 48 pens and completely randomized to a 3 x 6 factorial treatments. As factor A was Jatropha meal origins (A1 = Kebumen; A2 = Lampung and A3 = Lombok), while factor B was substitution of 10% soybean oil meal with Jatropha meal after detoxified with various methods (B0 = control diets without Jatropha; B1 = heat treatment of Jatropha + 1% turmeric meal; B2, B3 and B4 = addition of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% turmeric meal respectively and then followed by heat treatments, B5 = addition 4% NaOH + 10% NaOCl followed by heat treatment. The treatments were repeated three times. Diet and nutrients intake, body weight changed and mortality had been measured. Jatropha of Lampung’s origin was less toxic in compare to Kebumen’s and Lombok’s origin. Jatropha origins and detoxification methods influenced diets intake, mice growth and mortality significantly (p < 0.05). Detoxified of Jatropha’s Lampung-origin with B5 method gave the highest survival rate (100%) of the mice after 28 d of feeding trial. The B5 was the best Jatropha detoxification methods in lowering phorbolester content but the meal still could not be categorized as a safe feed to consume.
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Judul: Detoksifikasi Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dan Evaluasinya Secara in vitro dan in vivo terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas L. seed cake is a byproduct of the extraction process jatropha seeds to obtain oil from Jatropha (Jatropha oil). Production of jatropha oil from jatropha seeds, produces cake about 65-70% of the treated seeds. Jatropha curcas L. seed cake has very high proteins that are 56.4-63.8%. The very high protein content causes Jatropha curcas L. seed cake has the potential to be used as animal feed. However, some toxic compounds, especially phorbol ester can disrupt the digestive process and cause of death for cattle in a short time. This research aimed to obtain the best detoxification method and to determine the effects of its use in mice (Mus musculus). This research was initiated by proximate analysis on Jatropha curcas seed cake before detoxified. Detoxification consist of two methods of transesterification which includes of three treatment (transesterification followed by washing with water, transesterification followed by washing with hexane, and transesterification followed by washing with methanol) and solvent extraction includes four treatments (extraction of hexane- extraction of methanol-heating at temperature 60-80°C, extraction of hexane- extraction of methanol-autoclave at 121°C for 30 min, soaking NaOH- autoclave at 121°C for 30 min, and control autoclaved at 121°C for 30 min). Jatropha curcas seed cake which had been detoxified, then analyzed the content of phorbol ester and in vitro in rumen fluid. Jatropha curcas seed cake which contains the lowest phorbol ester then be tested in mice. Before detoxification, the phorbol ester of jatropha seed cake was about 795.78 mg / g meal. The results showed that detoxification could reduce the phorbol ester. Transesterification with methanol produced the lowest phorbol ester until 0.00 mg / g meal. Jatropha curcas seed cake result of transesterification with methanol washing was added to the diets of mice at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 10% containing 2.5% zeolite. The measured parameters was weight gain, mortality, food intake and digestibility, Protein Eficiency Ratio (PER) and Food Transformation Index (FTI). The results showed that the substitution of results of Jatropha curcas seed cake detoxification throughed the process of transesterification with methanol leaching into the diets of mice significantly affected the level of consumption of food substances. The best treatment was indicated by the ration with R3 treatment (15%)
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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