Judul: Spatial Distribution of Traces of Sumatran Elephant (Elephas maximus sumatranus Temminck, 1847) Activity in Pemerihan Resort Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park
Abstrak: Penurunan populasi gajah Sumatra mengindikasikan pentingnya kajian penelitian terkait jejak aktivitas gajah Sumatra. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jejak aktivitas, menduga bentuk sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas, dan menganalisis hubungan jejak aktivitas dengan karakteristik habitat gajah Sumatra di Resort Pemerihan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengamatan langsung pada jalur transek sepanjang 1 km dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenis jejak aktivitas gajah Sumatra terdiri dari feses dan tapak. Jejak aktivitas yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah feses di hutan sekunder. Bentuk sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas gajah Sumatra adalah mengelompok dengan nilai IM=2,61. Sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas gajah Sumatra hubungan dengan karakteristik habitat yaitu tipe tutupan lahan (hutan sekunder), kelas topografi (datar), jarak dari sumber air (<1000 m), dan jarak dari permukiman (1000-2000 m). Pengelolaan habitat dan populasi gajah Sumatra melalui pengayaan pakan dan kegiatan penangkaran diperlukan sebagai bentuk upaya konservasi gajah Sumatra., The decline in the sumatran elephant population indicates the importance of research studies related to the traces of Sumatran elephant activities. This study aims to identify the types of activity traces, estimate the shape of the spatial distribution of activity traces, and analyze the relationship between activity traces and the characteristics of the Sumatran elephant habitat at Pemerihan Resort. The method used is direct observation on a 1 km transect line and literature study. The results showed that the types of traces of Sumatran elephant activity consisted of feces and footprints. The most traces of activity found were feces in secondary forest. The form of the spatial distribution of the Sumatran elephant's activity traces is clustered with a value of IM=2,61. The spatial distribution of Sumatran elephant activity traces is related to habitat characteristics, namely land cover type (secondary forest), topographic class (flat), distance from water sources (<1000 m), and distance from settlements (1000-2000 m). Management of the habitat and population of Sumatran elephants through enrichment of feed and captive activities is needed as a form of Sumatran elephant conservation efforts.
Keyword: activity traces, Pemerihan Resort, spatial distribution shape, Sumatran elephant

Judul: Spatial Distribution of Activity Trace of Sumatran Elephant in the Bambangan Restoration Area, Way Kambas National Park.
Abstrak: Konflik gajah sumatera dengan manusia yang masih banyak terjadi saat ini dapat menyebabkan penurunan populasi gajah sumatera, sehingga kajian terkait sebaran spasial sebagai upaya mitigasi konflik gajah dengan manusia penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi jenis jejak aktivitas, menduga bentuk sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas, dan menganalisis hubungan jejak aktivitas dengan karakteristik habitat gajah sumatera di areal Restorasi Bambangan. Pengambilan data dilakukan menggunakan metode line transect secara simultan pada 4 jalur transek sepanjang 1 km. Jenis jejak aktivitas gajah sumatera yang ditemukan yaitu, bekas pakan, feses, gesekan, lintasan, dan tapak. Jenis jejak aktivitas yang paling banyak ditemukan adalah feses. Bentuk sebaran spasial jejak aktivitas gajah sumatra adalah mengelompok dengan nilai Ip yaitu 0,62. Jejak aktivitas gajah sumatera banyak ditemukan pada tipe tutupan lahan belukar rawa dengan kelas kelerengan datar (0-8%) dan berjarak dekat dari sumber air (0-250 m) serta jauh dari permukiman (>5000 m)., Conflicts between sumatran elephants and humans that still occur a lot today can cause a decline in the sumatran elephant population, so studies related to spatial distribution as an effort to mitigate elephant-human conflicts are important. This study aims to identify the types of traces of activity, estimate the form of spatial distribution of traces of activity, and analyze the relationship of traces of activity with the characteristics of the habitat of sumatran elephants in the Bambangan Restoration area. Data retrieval was carried out using the line transect method simultaneously on 4 transect lines along 1 km. The types of traces of sumatran elephant activity found were food trace, feces, friction, track, and footprint. The most common type of activity trace found was feces. The form of the spatial distribution of the sumatran elephant's activity traces is clumped with an Ip value of 0,62. The traces of sumatran elephant activity are mostly found in swamp scrub land cover types with a flat slope class (0-8%) and are close to water sources (0- 250 m) and far from settlements (> 5000 m).
Keyword: Activity trace, Bambangan Restoration area, Spatial distribution, Sumatran elephant

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell