Judul: Uji Toksisitas Akut Infusa Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr.) pada Mencit (Mus musculus).
Abstrak: Secara empiris, bawang tiwai banyak digunakan sebagai pengobatan herbal. Bawang tiwai dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sebagai obat kanker payudara dan antioksidan.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur tingkat toksisitas akut umbi bawang tiwai dengan menggunakan hewan percobaan mencit. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit galur DDY dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok, yaitu kelompok kontrol mencit yang diberi akuades dan kelompok perlakuan mencit yang diberi infusa bawang tiwai dosis 2, 4, 8,dan 16 g/kg BB. Mencit yang telah dicekok diamati mortalitasnya selama 14 hari. Parameter lain yang diamati pada penelitian ini adalah bobot badan serta bobot organ absolut dan relatif (jantung, ginjal, limpa, paru-paru, dan hati) mencit. Berdasarkan analisis probit nilai toksisitas akut LD50dari bawang tiwai adalah 13.15 g/kg BB. Pengamatan terhadap bobot badan, bobot organ absolut, dan bobot organ relatif tidak terjadi perbedaan yang nyata dan tidak ditemukan kelainan secara makroskopis. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah infusa bawang tiwai termasuk dalam klasifikasi toksik ringan.
Keyword: acute toxicity test

Judul: Uji Efektivitas Analgesik dan Stimulator Stamina Infusa Bawang Tiwai (Eleutherine americana Merr.) terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Slogan “back to nature” menambah penggunaan obat herbal. Tanaman herbal memiliki efek samping yang minimal. Umbi bawang tiwai digunakan sebagai obat tradisional sebagai obat tradisional untuk vasodilatasi koroner, antifertilitas, dan penyembuhan luka. Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan efek analgesik dan potensi infusa bawang tiwai sebagai stimulator stamina. Efek analgesik diamati dengan metode tail flick immertion test, sedangkan stimulator stamina diuji dengan metode swimming endurance test. Penelitian menggunakan 20 mencit jantan galur DDY. Setiap kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas 5 mencit, dengan dosis perlakuan 0, 1, 2, dan 4 g/kg BB. Pemberian infusa dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali ulangan. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) one way dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian infusa bawang tiwai pada mencit jantan mampu memberikan efek analgesik pada dosis 4 g/kg BB sebesar 2.96±1.34 detik. Flavonoid dan steroid merupakan senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai analgesik. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah infusa bawang tiwai dapat digunakan sebagai analgesik tetapi tidak terbukti sebagai stimulator stamina
Keyword: analgesik, Eleutherine americana, mencit, obat herbal, stamina

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm