Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Jumlah Ulangan Penyaringan dan Pengecilan Ukuran terhadap Mutu Residu "Moromi" pada Pembuatan Kecap secara Fermentasi
Abstrak: Proses pembuatan kecap secara tradisional terdiri dari (1) fermentasi "koji", (2) fermentasi "moromi" dalam larutan garam (3) penyarian, (4) penyarian dengan penambahan gula serta bumbu dan (5) pengemasan dan pembotolan (Judoamidjojo, 1986)
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Judul: Kajian fermentasi koji oleh aspergillus oryzae dan fermentasi moromi oleh padiococcus helophillus mees 2014 dan saccharomyces rouxii r5 pada pembuatan bahan dasar kecap
Abstrak: Secara tradisional, kecap dibuat dari kedelai yang difermentasi selama 36 bulan melalui dua tahapan utama. Tahap pertama adalah kultivasi media padat, dikenal sebagai proses koji, dan biasanya tumbuh campuran berbagai jenis kapang secara alami. Tahap selanjutnya adalah kultivasi media bubur dan dikenal sebagai proses moromi. Pada tahap ini ditambahkan larutan garam jenuh untuk kemudian dibiarkan dalam tong agar terjadi fermentasi secara alami oleh bakteri atau khamir yang biasa tumbuh. Proses pembuatan kecap seperti yang diuraikan tadi mempunyai beberapa kelemahan yang diantaranya adalah memerlukan waktu lama, keterbatasan kontrol proses dan kualitas produk yang dihasilkan tidak stabil. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) merancang biorekator kultivasi media padat dengan kandungan air media terkendali dan aerasi dipaksakan, (2) mempelajari fermentasi koji menggunakan kapang Aspergillus oryzae dengan bahan baku bungkil kedelai, (3) meningkatkan jumlah protein didegradasi dengan perlakuan inkubasi enzimatis dan (4) mempelajari kemungkinan memperpendek waktu total pembuatan bahan dasar kecap melalui pemisahan fermentasi asam laktat oleh P. halophilus Mees 2014 dengan fermentasi alkohol oleh S. rouxii R5 pada tahap fermentasi moromi.
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Judul: Dog Ticks Infestation and Its Correlation to Tick-Borne Diseases.
Abstrak: Ticks infestation on dog could lead to itchiness, anemia, skin disorders, and tick-borne diseases, such as Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Besides dogs, Ehrlichiosis were known to be zoonotic. Pre-mature stage tick life cycle that occur outside its host, will enhance contacts between ticks and human. The study of ticks infestation and tick-borne diseases on the dog is necessary, because it has not a lot of information about the diversity, prevalence and degree of ticks infestation in Indonesia. Ticks survey, included ticks sampling and dogs blood test were performed at Animal Police Directorate Security Agency (Baharkam) and Atang Sendjaja Air Force (ATS). Meanwhile ticks sampling also data of cases of ticks infestation and diseases transmitted obtained from 21 veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung. All ticks samples stored in bottles containing 70% alcohol for identification. Blood tests performed for Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis diagnosis. The identification results of the 950 ticks samples that obtained from 97 dogs of Baharkam, ATS and veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung, showed only one ticks species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This ticks belong to three-host tick, which require three hosts to complete its life cycle. Each ticks stage need a host, either same dog (if it is in place there is only one or a few dogs), as well as different dogs. Research in Baharkam conducted on 81 dogs (53 males and 28 females). The prevalence of dogs infested by ticks was 67.90%. The percentage of male dogs that infested by ticks are larger (69.81%) than female (64.29%). Based on Chi-Square test, there was no relationship between sex and breed of dog with degree of ticks infestation. Generally dogs infested with mild infestation category (41.98%), meanwhile moderate category was 18.52%, 2.47% high and 4.94% very high. The dog’s body region that the most infested by R. sanguineus was dog's back. Probably these body regions were be preferred because they are less accessible for the dog to remove them with its paws. Collection of ticks with tick-drag on Baharkam grass field showed positive results on the field that was more often used to practice by dogs. The samples that obtained was larvae stage ticks with density 152 larvae on 215m2 area of the field. Adult stage ticks and several adult females which laying eggs on the cage wall were obtained in the dog kennels. Whole of male and female ATS dogs infested with ticks (14 dogs). In general, dogs infested with very high infestation category was 64.29%, compared by high degree category (21.43%) and moderate (14.29%). Ticks predilection were found mostly on the dog’s head – neck. On ATS grass field did not reveal any ticks, but positively inside the kennels. It happens probably because dogs are rarely released from the kennel, so that the ticks was did drop-off inside the kennel. The total cases of ticks infestation of dogs at Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung veterinary clinics in 2008 until June 2013 as many as 731 cases. In general, there was an increases of the ticks infestation prevalence at three cities in that range
Keyword: Anaplasma, Babesia, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus