Judul: Sintesis dan Kajian Komputasi Reaksi Diels-Alder Intramolekul (E)-Sinamil 3-Fenil-2-propiolat.
Abstrak: Lakton ariltetralin merupakan kelompok lignan yang banyak ditemukan pada tanaman Podophyllum. Kelompok lignan ini memiliki bioaktivitas, di antaranya sebagai antikanker. Kerangka utama lignan lakton ariltetralin sama dengan 1-fenil-3-hidroksimetil-3,4-dihidro-2-naftoat lakton yang bisa diperoleh dari siklisasi Diels-Alder intramolekul pada (E)-sinamil 3-fenil-2-propiolat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis (E)-sinamil 3-fenil-2-propiolat dan mempelajari secara komputasi reaksi siklisasi Diels-Alder intramolekulnya membentuk lakton 1-fenil-3-hidroksimetil-3,4-dihidro-2-naftoat. (E)-Sinamil 3-fenil-2-propiolat berhasil disintesis dalam 3 tahap dari asam sinamat, yaitu brominasi, eliminasi, dan esterifikasi dengan trans-sinamil alkohol. Rendemen total sebesar 35%. Perhitungan semiempiris dengan metode PM3 dalam fase gas pada suhu kamar menduga bahwa siklisasi Diels-Alder intramolekul ester ini berlangsung spontan untuk orientasi stereokimia muka Re maupun muka Si, dengan ΔGo sekitar -25 kkal mol-1. Siklisasi Diels-Alder intramolekul (E)-sinamil 3-fenil-2-propiolat di laboratorium serta perhitungan energi bebas reaksi dalam kondisi berpelarut pada suhu tinggi menggunakan metode ab initio masih perlu dikaji.
Keyword: Diels-Alder intramolekul, komputasi, lakton ariltetralin, (E)-sinamil 3-fenil-2-propiolat

Judul: Literature Review Synthesis of  Aryltetralin and Arylnaphthalene Lignan through Intramolecular Diels-Alder  Reaction
Abstrak: Lignan ariltetralin dan arilnaftalena merupakan contoh modifikasi struktur lignan yang berperan aktif terutama sebagai antikanker. Kelompok lignan ini dapat disintesis melaluisiklisasi Diels-Alder intramolekul pada turunan trans-sinamil cis sinamat dan arilpropargil arilpropiolat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menelusuri pustaka terkait berbagai metode esterifikasi yang berpotensi untuk mendapatkan kelompok senyawa ester trans-sinamil cis-sinamat, mengisomerisasi asam trans- menjadi cis sinamat, serta mensiklisasi ester menjadi lignan melalui reaksi Diels-Alder intramolekul. Berbagai reaksi estrifikasi telah diaplikasikan pada sintesis prekursor ester lignan ariltetralin dan arilnaftalena terbukti menghasilkan rendemen yang tinggi. Penggunaan katalis berbasis logam, isomerisasi melalui reaksi fotokimia, metatesis silang, dan kondensasi Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons juga berpotensi untuk diimplementasikan pada pembentukan kerangka cis-alkena. Penggunaan berbagai pelarut dalam reaksi Diels-Alder intramolekul diamati memiliki rendemen dan selektivitas produk lignan yang beragam., Aryltetraline and arylnaphthalene lignan are examples of lignan structure modifications that have a prominent role as anticancer. This group of lignan can be synthesized from the intramolecular Diels-Alder cyclization of the trans-cinnamyl cis-cinnamate and arylpropargyl arylpropiolate derivatives. This study aims to conduct a literature review of esterification methods that have the potential to obtain a group of trans-cinnamyl cis-cinnamate compounds, isomerize trans- to cis cinnamic acid, and perform the Diels-Alder reaction to cyclize esters into lignan. Various estrification reactions have been applied to the synthesis of aryltetralin and arylnaphthalene lignan ester precursors which have been shown to produce high yields. In addition, the use of metal-based catalysts, photochemical reactions, cross metathesis, and Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons condensation can also be implemented to form a cis-alkene framework. The use of various solvents in the intramolecular Diels-Alder reaction was observed to have varying yields and selectivity of lignans.
Keyword: arylnaphtalene lignan, aryltetraline lignan, cis-alkene synthesis, esterification reaction, intramolecular Diels-Alder

Judul: Teknik penangkaran dan aktivitas harian mambruk victoria (Goura victoria Fraser, 1844) di Mega Bird And Orchid Farm, Bogor Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Victoria crowned pigeon (Goura victoria Fraser, 1844) is one of endemic bird species in Papua, which population had decreased in the natural habitat due to hunting activities. Ex-situ conservation through captive breeding/captivity is an alternative to sustain the bird population. Observation on it’s daily activities in captivity was expected to result in good captivity technique which would enable the preservation of it’s population and restocking of the species in their natural habitat. This research was aimed to study the captivity techniques, identify factors of success, and observe the daily activities of the victoria crowned pigeon. The research was conducted in Mega Bird and Orchid Farm (MBOF) located in Desa Cijujung Tengah, Bogor, West Java on June – July 2011. Instruments used include stationery, stopwatch, camera, interview guide, dry-wet thermometer, and measuring tape. Object of the research was victoria crowned pigeon in MBOF. Data taken during the research included the captivity technique and daily activities of victoria crowned pigeon in MBOF. Data collection methods employed in the research for the captivity technique were direct observation, literature study, and interview, as for the aspects of the daily activities was one-zero sampling method. The cage was classified a permanent maintenance cage with 40 m × 25 m × 5 m dimensions which made from wall, iron with + 5 cm in diameter, and ram wire for roof. Facilities provided in the cage were among other perch place, eating and drinking place, nesting place, and pond. The cage was regularly cleaned twice a day and sprayed with disinfectant once a month. Temperature in the cage was between 25 – 32oC with moist air ranges between 57 – 78%. The type of diseases suffered by the victoria crowned pigeon were CRD (Chronic Respiratory Disease), intestinal worms, and leg swelling. Technique of pairing, laying or hatchery setting, and native enlargement was naturally done by victoria crowned pigeon’s parent. Factors which support the success of captive breeding management in MBOF were (a) location of the cage which away far from noise and human disturbance; (b) the hygiene, safety, and care of the cage; (c) the feeding routine given every morning and evening; (d) provision of medication and vitamins on regular basis to maintain good health and prevent disease from attacking the birds in captivity; and (e) maintenance of genetic purity and avoidance of inbreeding occurenes. Type of behavior that can be used to distinguish the sex of the victoria crowned pigeon was dancing behaviour performed by male individuals.
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