Judul: Aplikasi Bacillus sp. untuk Meningkatkan Kinerja Pertumbuhan dan Mengurangi Ketidakseragaman Ukuran pada Pemeliharaan Larva Ikan Patin (Pangasionodon hypophthalamus)
Abstrak: Salah satu permasalahan utama pada pembenihan ikan patin (Pangsionodon hypophthalamus) adalah ketidakseragaman ukuran benih yang dihasilkan, hal ini dapat menimbulkan kanibalisme dan ketidakefisienan produksi. Beberapa penelitian telah menunjukkan, aplikasi probiotik merupakan alternatif untuk mengurangi fenomena tersebut. Penelitian ini berfokus pada aplikasi probiotik Bacillus sp. pada pemeliharaan larva ikan patin. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Percobaan dilakukan untuk menguji kontrol (K), bioenkapsulasi Bacillus pada pakan alami (artemia) (A), serta bioenkapsulasi Bacillus pada pakan alami (artemia) dan introduksi pada media pemeliharaan (B). Penelitian dilakukan pada akuarium dengan volume air 25 l, yang dipertahankan pada suhu 30°C dan terus menerus diberi cahaya. Kepadatan ikan yaitu 200 ekor larva per akuarium dan dipelihara selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan, bahwa pengayaan artemia oleh Bacillus sp. dan introduksi pada media pemeliharaan (B) menghasilkan larva dengan performa pertumbuhan dan koefisien keragaman benih yang lebih baik (P<0,05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya.
Keyword: Bacillus, larva patin, probiotik

Judul: Aplikasi Probiotik Bacillus NP5 melalui Pakan terhadap Sintasan, Pertumbuhan dan Respons Imun Benih Ikan Patin Pangsianodon hypophthalmus.
Abstrak: Penyakit yang sering menyerang benih ikan patin adalah penyakit MAS (Motile Aeromonad Septicemia) yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophilla. Penggunaan probiotik dapat menjadi salah satu alternatif untuk pencegahan penyakit MAS. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis probiotik yang dapat meningkatkan sintasan, pertumbuhan dan respons imun benih ikan patin terhadap infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophilla. Pakan yang diberikan berupa Artemia sp. dan pakan komersial yang telah diperkaya dengan probiotik Bacillus NP5 konsentrasi 106 CFU/mL, 107 CFU/mL, 108 CFU/mL dan kontrol. Larva dengan bobot dan panjang rata-rata 1,52 ± 0,06 mg dan 0,46 ± 0,007 cm dipelihara selama 28 hari di akuarium yang diisi 10 L air dengan padat tebar 15 ekor/L. Setelah masa pemeliharaan, ikan di uji tantang menggunakan metode perendaman dengan bakteri A. hydrophila dengan konsentrasi 107 CFU/mL. Hasil penelitian dengan penambahan probitik dapat meningkatkan sintasan, pertumbuhan panjang, laju pertumbuhan harian dan rasio konversi pakan. Setelah ikan di uji tantang, penambahan probiotik memiliki sintasan dan respons imun (diferensial leukosit, aktivitas fagositosis dan aktivitas respiratory burst) yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif. Pemberian probiotik Bacillus NP5 dapat meningkatkan sintasan, pertumbuhan dan respons imun benih ikan patin dengan dosis yang terbaik pada konsentrasi 108 CFU/mL.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Bacillus NP5, benih ikan patin, probiotik, respons imun

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite