Judul: Analisis kinerja keuangan PT Bank Unibank Tbk dengan menggunakan metode economic value added (Eva) dan rasio keuangan
Abstrak: Industri perbankan Indonesia telab menghadapi berbagai masalah. Dimulai pada tabun 1983 ketika berbagai macam deregulasi mulai dilakukan pemerintab, kemudian bisnis perbankan berkembang dengan pesat pada kunm waktu 1988-1996. Pertumbuban perbankan yang sangal pesal telah menumbubkan persaingan yang ketal dalam dunia perbankan. Namun dalam prakteknya banyak bank-bank komersil yang salab langkah. kurang berhali-hali dan menyimpang dari aturan-aturan daktm menghimpun dana masyarakat (giro, tabungan dan deposito) dan menyalurkannya. PT Bank Unibank Tbk (UNBN) dinyatakan tidak lagi beroperasi pada langgal29 Oktober 2001, karena perseroan tidak: dapat memenuhi ketentuan BI tentang kecukupan rasio modal atau CAR yaitu sebesar 8%. Unibank termasuk dalarn 14 bank yang memiliki CAR kurang dari 8% dengan total asset di bawah Rp 1 Triliun.
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Judul: Analisis kinerja keuangan PT Bank Internasional Indonesia Tbk dengan menggunakan metode economic value added (EVA) dan rasio keuangan
Abstrak: Masyarakat mengetahui bahwa perbankan merupakan suatu institusi penting dalam aktivitas ekonomi. Keberadaan perbankan dapat dikatakan sebagai jantung sebuah perekonomian negara sehingga jika aktivitasnya terganggu maka seluruh aktivitas perekonomian juga akan mengalami masalah. Industri perbankan di Indonesia menjadi sangat menarik untuk diamati terutama sejak 1 Juni 1983. Dengan dikeluarkannya Paket Deregulasi Oktober 1988 (Pakto 1988) oleh Pemerintah, menyebabkan teIjadinya pertumbuhan bank, baik dari sisi jumlah bank, volume usaha, kredit yang diberikan dan dana masyarakat yang dihimpun mengalami perkembangan pesat. Akibatnya, tingkat persaingan antar bank semakin ketat. Hal tersebut sekaligus menunjukkan bahwa cukup banyak pemilik modal yang tidak berpengalaman masuk ke sektor perbankan. Tetapi yang terjadi kemudian adalah kaitan yang erat antara pengusaha yang terlibat di dalam bisnis dengan usaha perbankan sehingga sulit dipisahkan. Kenyataan ini menyulitkan kinerja bank dan sekaligus bank dalam posisi rentan karena campur tangan pemilik, yang mempunyai banyak kepentingan terhadap bank.
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis