Judul: Tingkat Ketergantungan Nelayan Gillnet di PPI Karangsong, Kabupaten Indramayu Terhadap Sumberdaya Ikan
Abstrak: Fishermen have a high level dependency on fish resources. Therefore, it is necessary to make a job diversification as an alternative income. However, to diversify the job, it is necessary to analyze the dependency level of fishermen on fish resources. The purpose of this research are (1) to describe gillnet fisheries in PPI Karangsong, (2) to analyze the dependency level of fishermen in PPI Karangsong on fish resources. The calculation of dependency level using Multi Cryteria Analysis with the cryterias used are the number of families, time allocation, income, and expenses. Gillnet fishermen in PPI Karangsong is dominated by gillnet 0-10 GT group. Gillnet ship which less than 25 GT is still using ice to preserve the fish, while the bigger ship ( 25 GT) already using freezer. Dependency level of 0-20 GT gillnet fishermen on fish resources is higher than the > 20 GT gillnet fishermen.
Keyword: 

Judul: The Dependence of Drift Gillnet Fisherman on Fishing Activities in Karangantu, Banten
Abstrak: Tingginya ketergantungan terhadap kegiatan penangkapan ikan dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan stok sumberdaya ikan dan perlu dukungan dari pemerintah dan pihak PPN Karangantu dalam pemberdayaan nelayan jaring rampus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan keragaan unit perikanan jaring rampus di Karangantu, mengukur ketergantungan nelayan jaring rampus terhadap sumberdaya ikan di Karangantu, dan merumuskan strategi alternatif untuk mengurangi tingkat ketergantungan nelayan jaring rampus di Karangantu. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus. Penentuan sampel menggunakan purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 32 responden. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif, skala likert untuk mengukur ketergantungan nelayan, dan SWOT untuk menyusun strategi untuk mengurangi tingkat ketergantungan nelayan jaring rampus di PPN Karangantu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketergantungan nelayan jaring rampus terhadap kegiatan penangkapan ikan dikaji dalam 12 kriteria dengan skor 3,76 yang masuk dalam kategori ketergantungan yang "tinggi" pada jaring rampus <5 GT dan skor 3 dengan kategori "cukup tinggi" pada jaring rampus >5 GT., High dependence on this activity can lead to a decline in fish resources, requiring support from the government and PPN Karangantu in empowering drift gillnet fishermen. This research aims to describe the characteristics of drift gillnet fishing units in Karangantu, measure the dependence of drift gillnet fishermen on fish resources in Karangantu, and formulate alternative strategies for reducing the dependence of drift gillnet fishermen in Karangantu. The research method used is a case study method. Sample selection was done using purposive sampling with a total of 32 respondents. The data analysis utilized descriptive analysis and Likert scale to measure fishermen's dependence, and SWOT analysis to develop development strategies for reducing fishermen's dependence. The results show that the dependence of purse seine fishermen on fishing activities was assessed using 12 criteria, with a score of 3,76 indicating "high" dependence for purse seine <5 GT, and a score of 3 indicating "moderately high" dependence for drift gillnet >5 GT
Keyword: drift gillnet, fishermen's dependency, Karangantu

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
Keyword: