Judul: Evaluasi Kualitas Fisik dan Kecernaan Secara in vitro Suplemen yang Mengandung Daun Lamtoro dengan Bentuk Mash, Pelet dan Wafer
Abstrak: Daun lamtoro merupakan alternatif hijauan sebagai sumber protein untuk pakan ruminansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh pengolahan daun lamtoro menjadi bentuk mash, pellet, dan wafer untuk domba secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan untuk menentukan ukuran partikel, dan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 pelakuan berupa R1: mash, R2: pellet, R3: wafer, serta 3 periode pengambilan cairan rumen sebagai kelompok. Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam (Analysis of Variance/ ANOVA) dan jika berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Parameter yang diuji yaitu nilai NH3, VFA, KCBK, dan KCBO. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan daun lamtoro secara fisik dengan bentuk mash, pellet dan wafer berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) terhadap hasil analisis ukuran partikel. Hasil evaluasi bentuk ransum yang berbeda menunjukan bahwa tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai NH3, VFA, KCBK, dan KCBO.
Keyword: in vitro, lamtoro, mash, pellet, wafer

Judul: Evaluation of Feeding Completer Wafers Containing Lamtoro Leaves-Cassava Leaves to Sheep
Abstrak: Legum dan limbah pertanian merupakan bahan yang dapat digunakan sebagai pengganti hijauan. Contoh leguminosa adalah daun lamtoro dan contoh limbah pertanian adalah daun singkong. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas pakan wafer yang mengandung lamtoro levaes-daun singkong dengan pemberian wafer dengan persentase yang berbeda. Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 perlakuan dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P0 = pakan konvensional (hijauan), P1 = pakan konvensional + 25% pakan wafer, P2 = pakan konvensional + 50% pakan wafer, P3 = pakan konvensional + 75% pakan wafer, P4 = 100% pakan wafer. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan uji Duncan. Berdasarkan kualitas fisik yang dilihat dari kadar air, aktivitas air, densitas, dan daya tahan pakan wafer memiliki kualitas yang lebih baik. Kondisi fisiologis pada penelitian ini normal dilihat dari parameter suhu rektal, denyut jantung, dan pernapasan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan pakan berpengaruh terhadap (P<0,05) konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, dan efisiensi pakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan wafer akan meningkatkan konsumsi zat gizi BK, PK, SK, LK pakan domba. Pertambahan bobot badan terbaik pada pemberian pakan wafer dinyatakan oleh P3 dengan nilai 105,80 g ekor-1 hari-1. Hasil efisiensi pakan terbaik dari penelitian ini adalah P2 dengan nilai 7,40 % dan IOFC hasil terbaik adalah P4 dengan nilai Rp. 395.583, Legumes and agricultural waste are materials that can be used as substitutes for forage. An example of leguminosae is lamtoro leaves and an example of agricultural waste is cassava leaves. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of wafer feed containding lamtoro levaes-cassava leaves by feeding wafers with different percentages. This research used 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments given were P0 = conventional feed (forage), P1 = conventional feed + 25% wafer feed, P2 = conventional feed + 50% wafer feed, P3 = conventional feed + 75% wafer feed, P4 = 100% wafer feed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan's test. Based on the physical quality as seen from the water content, water activity, density, and durability the wafer feed has better quality. The physiological condition on this research was normal as seen from the parameters of rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiration. The result of this experiment showed that feed treatments affected (P<0.05) consumption feed, body wight gain, and feed efficiency. The results of this research indicate that the giving of wafer feed will increase the consumption nutrient DM, CP, CF, EE of sheep feed. The best result of body wight gain that feeding wafers is trated by P3 with value of 105,80 g head-1 day-1 . The best result of feed efficiency from this research is P2 with value 7,40 % and best result IOFC is P4 with value Rp. 395.583.
Keyword: feed wafers, nutrient quality, physical quality, sheep performance

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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