Judul: Potensi antibakteri propolis Trigona spp. Bukittinggi sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan pada tikus putih (Sprague Dawley):
Abstrak: Bakteri merupakan organisme yang sangat adaptif karena regenerasinya memerlukan waktu yang singkat dan mempunyai kecenderungan melakukan pertukaran informasi genetika. Bakteri yang resistensi akibat penggunaan antibiotika menimbulkan masalah yang baru, karena bakteri ini tahan terhadap antibiotika yang telah dipakai tersebut. Resistensi bakteri ini sulit untuk ditangani Sejumlah upaya telah dilakukan untuk mengembangkan alternatif yang sesuai untuk mengatasi dampak yang merugikan dengan pelarangan penggunaan antibiotik pemacu pertumbuhan. Substansi lain, dikenal dengan natural growth promoter, telah diidentifikasikan mempunyai khasiat dan aman untuk menggantikan fungsi antibiotik pemacu pertumbuhan ternak Propolis merupakan bahan alamiah yang dihasilkan oleh lebah dan telah dibuktikan mempunyai banyak manfaat terutama dalam bidang kesehatan dan saat ini digunakan secara luas sebagai obat berbagai penyakit. Propolis merupakan getah yang dikumpulkan oleh lebah dari berbagai pucuk tanaman dan dari tanaman yang patah dimana getah tanaman tersebut kemudian dicampur dengan enzim yang terdapat dalam kelenjar ludah lebah dan digunakan untuk melindungi sarang dari berbagai bakteri, virus dan jamur.
Keyword: propolis Trigona spp., Bukittinggi, pemacu pertumbuhan, tikus putih, Sprague Dawley

Judul: Potensi Nanopropolis Trigona spp Asal Bukittinggi sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan pada Tikus Putih (Sprague-Dawley)
Abstrak: Some materials which can be used as Growth Promoter in cattle include antibiotic, hormone, probiotic, prebiotic, and imunomodulator. The use of antibiotics as growth promoter in cattle causes some problems related to microbial resistance and antibiotic residue. The alternative solution is the use of natural antibacteria such as propolis. The aim of this study is to determine potency of nanopropolis of Trigona spp from Bukittinggi as growth promoter using in vivo assays on male rats Sprague-Dawley. Encapsulated propolis nanoparticle was prepared by high speed homogenization technique followed by encapsulation using maltodekstrin with solvent evaporation technique. The size of nanopropolis was measured with SEM. Observation propolis effects in vivo was carried out by measuring body weight of rat and the propolis antibacterial activity in feces and intestine was determinated by plate count method. The results of SEM show that size of nanopropolis is 100 nm. The growth promoter potency was determined by measuring the percentage of body weight gain of the rats. The highest percentage reached by nanopropolis 2%, with effectivity of 109% againts compared to positive control. Percentage of growth nanopropolis 2% 100 mg/KgBB, positive control (ampisilin 250 mg/KgBB), nanopropolis 1% 100 mg/KgBB, raw propolis 100 mg/KgBB, dan standard is 34,62%, 23,39%, 12,5%, 10,92%, dan 2,24%. The most stable count of E.coli on fecal is in nanopropolis 2%.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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