Judul: Studi Anatomi dan Histokimia pada Akar Kedelai (Glycine max (L.) Merr) Kandidat Mutan Protein Gα terhadap Cekaman Aluminium
Abstrak: Plant heterotrimeric G-proteins subunit α has been implicated in a number of signaling process such as biotic (pathogen) stress. Recently result showed, the expression of G gene was induced by aluminum stress as much as 1.6 mM AlCl3 and accumulation of Al was decreased on soybean cv. Slamet root as a tolerant cultivar. The aim of this research was to examine the role of G protein  sub unit in aluminum stress by using G mutant candidate of soybean cv. Slamet through anatomy and histochemical analyzes. Involvement of the heterotrimeric G protein  sub unit in the aluminum stress were investigated using plant root from two G mutant candidates (Slm 103 and Slm 338) compared with wild type cv. Slamet which grown in liquid nutrient media pH 6.0, pH 4.0, pH 4.0 + 1.6 mM AlCl3 for 8, 24, 48 h. The plants cultivated in pH 6.0 media were used as a control. Involvement of Gα protein was examined by measuring inhibition of root growth, accumulation of aluminum by using hematoxilin staining, and vertical section of root (1-5 cm) after aluminum treatment. Result indicated that aluminum treatment highly increased root growth inhibition, accumulation of Al on hematoxilin staining, root damage especially on meristimatic area in G mutant candidate compared to wild type soybean cv. Slamet. Result of this study demonstrated that the possibility of heterotrimeric G protein sub unit was involved in the aluminum stress of soybeans.
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Judul: Keterlibatan Protein Heterotrimerik G a Terhadap Cekaman Aluminium Pada Kedelai (Glycine max (L) Merryl) Melalui Studi Histokimia
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keterlibatan protein heterotrimerik G á pada mekanisme toleransi kedelai toleran kultivar Slamet dan peka Lumut terhadap cekaman alumunium (Al) melalui studi histokimia. Keterlibatan protein heterotrimerik G á terhadap cekaman aluminium dianalisis dari akar tanaman yang ditumbuhkan pada media hara kultur air pH 6.0, pH 4.0, pH 4.0 + 1.6 mM AlCl3 selama 8, 24, 48, dan 72 jam dan pH 4.0 + 1.6 mM AlCl3 + 30 ìM Mastoparan 7 (sigma) (aktivator protein heterotrimerik G á) selama 8 dan 24 jam. Pertama, pengaruh cekaman Al terhadap pertumbuhan akar kedelai dianalisis dengan menumbuhkan biji kedelai pada media hara kultur air pH 6.0, pH 4.0 dan pH 4.0 + 1.6 mM AlCl3 selama 8, 24, 48, dan 72 jam. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa cekaman Al selama 24 jam menyebabkan peningkatan reduksi panjang akar; akumulasi Al, kandungan peroksidasi lipid, dan kalosa; dan kehilangan integritas membran yang lebih tinggi pada kultivar Lumut daripada kultivar Slamet. Keterlibatan protein heterotrimerik G á dalam respon terhadap cekaman Al dianalisis setelah penambahan Mastoparan 7 (sigma) pada cekaman Al selama 8 dan 24 jam. Reduksi panjang akar; akumulasi Al, kandungan peroksidasi lipid, dan kalosa; dan penurunan integritas membran menurun pada perlakuan 8 dan 24 jam baik pada kultivar Slamet maupun kultivar Lumut dibandingkan dengan perlakuan cekaman Al saja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keterlibatan protein heterotrimerik G á terhadap cekaman Al pada kedelai
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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