Judul: Karakteistik Produk Lak Kuning hasil Proses Pelarutan Lak Cabang dan Lak Butir
Abstrak: Pelarut etil alkohol (etanol dapat melarutkan resin lak dengan baik, akan tetapi bukan pelaruet yang baik bagi substansi kayu, seperti lignin, polisakarida, dan pati, sehingga pada prinsipnya pengolahan lak dapat dilakukan langsung dari lak cabang dengan metode pelarutan etanol. Hal ini akan meningkatkan kemurnian lak sehingga kualitasnya lebih baik dibandingkan proses mekanis yang biasa dilakukan. Disamping itu, proses ini juga mengurangi banyak tahapan proses seperti pengeroyokan, pengayakan, perendaman, penucian dan pengeringan pada proses pengolahan lak konvensional. Selain itu etanol dapat didaur ulang dengan menggunakan metode evaporasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji alternatif proses pengolahan langsung lak cabang menjadi produk lak kuning berasal dari lak cabang dan lak butir. Konsentrasi pelarut etanol yang digunakan adalah 60%, 75% dan 90%. Untuk memperoleh produk lak kuning, bahan baku dilarutkan dalam etanol kemudian melalui proses penyaringan, pemisahan pelarut dari resin dan proses pengeringan
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Judul: Pengaruh Pelarutan Oleoresin Venir Kayu Keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.) Terhadap Sifat-Sifat Kayu Lapis
Abstrak: Kayu keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.) merupakan salah satu jenis kayu yang termasuk ke dalam famili Dipterocarpaceae yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi kayu lapis. Kendala yang ditemui dalam pemanfaatan kayu keruing sebagai bahan baku untuk produksi kayu lapis adalah adanya kandungan zat ekstraktif terutama oleoresin di dalam kayu tersebut yang berpengaruh terhadap perekatan dan ikatan rekat kayu lapis. Penelitian terdahulu oleh Nawawi (1990) menunjukkan bahwa oleoresin berpengaruh terhadap keteguhan ikatan rekat kayu lapis sehingga menyebabkan ikatan rekat rendah dan nilainya tidak memenuhi Standar Indonesia (SII 0404-80) dan Standar Jepang (JIS 1993). Atas dasar uraian tersebut, dilakukan penelitian untuk melarutkan oleoresin secara optimal dengan menggunakan beberapa jenis pelarut dan metode pelarutan.
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates