Judul: Studi Histopatologi Ginjal Tikus yang Diinduksi Etilen Glikol: Pengaruh Infusum Daun Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.)
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to study the histopathological lesions of rat kidneys induced by ethylene glycol and treated by avocado leaves infusum. This research is continuation of Adha’s experiment (2009) with the experimental design as follows: twenty male rats were divided into four groups, namely the control negative (KN) were received just drinking water ad libitum, the positive control (KP) were induced by 0.75% ethylen glycol and 2% ammonium chloride (inducer), the treatment group I (IF5) were induced and treated by 5% avocado leaves infusum at a dose of 3 ml/200 g BW,and the treatment group II (IF 10) were induced and treated by 10% avocado leaves infusum (3 ml/200 g BW). Treatment was given for 10 days, at day-11 rats were euthanasid, and kidney organs were taken for histopathological study and stained with Hematoxylin- Eosin. The histopatological study showed glomerular edema; hyaline droplet, deposition of protein and tubular necrosis. Percentage of glomerular edema of all treatment groups were not significantly different (p>0.05) compared with negative control group, while the percentage of tubular necrosis of positive control group was significantly different (p<0.05) compared with negative control group. Treatment with avocado leaves infusum can reduce the percentage of necrotic tubulus whereas doses of infusum tend to decrease precentage in protein deposition, hyaline droplet and tubular necrosis. Percentage decrease in tubular damage caused by the avocado leaves flavonoid activity as diureticum and antioxidants.
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Judul: Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Alpukat Terhadap Perbaikan Ginjal Tikus Akibat Induksi Etilen Glikol
Abstrak: Based on data from WHO been 80% of world population has been used plant extract as a medicine. The objective of this research was to study the histopathological lesions of rat kidneys induced by ethylene glycol and treated by ethanol extract of avocado leaves. This study is a continuation of Adha’s experiment (2009) with the experimental design as follows: 20 male rats were divided into four groups, negative control group (KN) who were given only distilled water, positive control group (KP), which provided adlibitum inducer, the first treatment group (E100) is given inducer and avocado leaves ethanol extract dose of 100 mg/kg BB, and the second treatment groups were given inducer and avocado leaves ethanol extract dose of 300 mg / kg BW. Treatment was given for 10 days, at day-11 rats euthanized, and kidney organs were taken for histopathology and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The histopathological study showed edema, protein deposition, hyaline droplets and tubular necrosis. Statistical analysis showed that administration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves could not reduce the incidence of glomerular edema, hyaline droplet and protein deposition of tubules, but it can significantly inhibit the formation of tubular necrotic. Ethanol extract of avocado leaves contain flavonoids that work as antioxidants and diureticum that can inhibit the formation of tubular necrotic.
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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