Judul: Klasifikasi habitat perairan dangkal dari citra satelit quickbird menggunakan metode kecerdasan buatan
Abstrak: This research was conducted in Seribu Islands of DKI Jakarta province, from March to June 2009. The research objectives were to develop methods of ANN classification algorithm to map shallow water habitats, and to test the classification accuracy rate from image Quickbird satellite data with the standard method of ANN BP and AdaBoost algorithms. Primary data collected through remote sensing data and field surveys, while secondary data were collected from relevant research. Classification of digital image analysis using unsupervised classification ANN-SOM algorithm and supervised classification of BP and AdaBoost algorithm. The results showed that ANN-SOM algorithm to cluster shallow water habitats by Quickbird satellite show a pattern and a good performance after the input data is corrected using the method of invariant Deep Index (Lyzenga algorithm); ANN-BP and ANN-AdaBoost algorithm can mapp shallow water habitats classess; live coral, dead coral, sand, seagrass, sand mixed seagrass, sand mix coral; ANN-BP algorithm requires a number of iterations of 5.600 to recognize objects with cross entropy 0.20, while the AdaBoost algorithm requires the number of iterations 280, relatively little with quadratic error 0:24 until iteration stopping; level of classification accuracy thematic shallow water habitats training ANN-BP algorithm is obtained overall accuracy of 82.79% and 83.61% ANN-AdaBoost. Correction position shows the value of Delta E ranges between 0.4 - 6.7 meters, which explains that the positioning accuracy is better, although not optimal as using Differential GPS.
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Judul: Benthic Habitat Classification Using Maximum Likelihood, Fuzzy Logic, and Neural Networks Algorithm on Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2A Imagery
Abstrak: Teknologi pengindraan jauh dengan wahana satelit dan dengan berbagai resolusi sensor semakin berkembang baik spektral, spasial maupun dalam resolusi radiometrik dan temporalnya. Disisi lain, teknologi ini memiliki keterbatasan khususnya dalam pemrosesan dan analisis data. Klasifikasi data pengindraan jauh sebelumnya banyak menggunakan algoritma maximum likelihood, dan belakangan ini menggunakan algoritma logika fuzzy dan jaringan syaraf tiruan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menerapkan dan menguji akurasi algoritma klasifikasi maximum likelihood, logika fuzzy dan jaringan syaraf tiruan pada citra Landsat 8 dan Sentinel 2A untuk klasifikasi habitat dasar perairan dangkal. Lokasi penelitian di Pulau Keffing, Seram Timur, Maluku. Pengamatan habitat bentik secara in situ dilakukan dengan menggunakan transek kuadran (1x1 meter), kamera bawah air, sabak dan roll meter. Jumlah titik pengamatan lapangan sebanyak 380 titik, yang terdiri dari 190 titik untuk input dalam klasifikasi dan 190 titik input dalam uji akurasi. Pengolahan citra dilakukan dengan koreksi geometrik, atmosferik dan koreksi kolom air. Koreksi kolom air dengan metode depth invariant index (DII). Asnalisis data citra dengan menerapkan algoritma maximum likelihood, logika fuzzy dan jaringan syaraf tiruan. Uji akurasi menggunakan confusion matrix dengan menghitung overall accuracy, producer accuracy dan user accuracy. Berdasarkan hasil klasifikasi diperoleh enam kelas habitat dasar perairan dangkal yaitu karang, lamun, lamun campur pasir, pasir, rubble dan rubble campur karang. Hasil klasifikasi algoritma jaringan syaraf tiruan (JST) dengan menerapkan koreksi kolom air (DII) pada citra sentinel 2A diperoleh nilai overall accuracy yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan algoritma maximum likelihood dan logika fuzzy yaitu sebesar 82,63%. Akurasi terendah yaitu 65,79% diperoleh dengan menggunakan algoritma Maximum Likelihood (MLH) pada citra Landsat 8 tanpa koreksi kolom air DII. Perbedaan resolusi spasial kedua citra satelit yang digunakan juga mempengaruhi hasil akurasi, di mana citra sentinel 2A memiliki tingkat akurasi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan citra Landsat 8. Nilai akurasi klasifikasi dengan penerapan koreksi kolom air menggunakan DII juga memperlihatkan adanya peningkatan akurasi terhadap ketiga algoritma tersebut. Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa citra Landsat 8 dan Sentinel 2A dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi habitat dasar perairan dangkal pulau Keffing dengan baik menggunakan ketiga algoritma tersebut., Remote sensing technologies using satellite platforms with different sensor resolutions (spectral, spatial, radiometric and temporal resolutions) are increasingly developed. However, the technologies still has limitations, especially in term of image processing and analysis. The classification of remote sensing data is generally performed using the maximum likelihood algorithm, and recently fuzzy logic algorithms and artificial neural networks. This study aimed to apply the maximum likelihood classification algorithm, fuzzy logic, and artificial neural networks on Landsat 8 and Sentinel 2A images for benthic habitat classification. The research location was on Keffing Island, East Seram, Maluku. In situ observations of benthic habitats were carried out using quadrant transects (1x1 meter), underwater camera, slate and roll meter. The number of field observation points is 380 points, consisting of 190 points for input in the classification and 190 input points in the accuracy test. Image processing is carried out with geometric, atmospheric and water column corrections. Correction of the water column using depth invariant index (DII) method. Image data analysis by applying maximum likelihood algorithm, fuzzy logic and artificial neural network. The accuracy
Keyword: Habitat bentik, JST, Logika Fuzzy, MLH, Pulau Keffing

Judul: Inducible and constitutive synthesis of penicillinase by staphylococcus aureus
Abstrak: When tested quantitatively for the production of penicillinase, eighteen of one hundred and twenty-two naturally occurring penicillin-resistant staphylococci were classified as constitutive or microconstitutive. Fourteen of the constitutive strains were not typable, the other four were lysed by group III phage. The inducible and constitutive strains of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to concentrations of mercuric chloride that inhibited strains sensitive to penicillin. Transfer of the penicillinase determinant by transduction from a microconstitutive strain to a sensitive strain resulted in recombinants that produced inducible penicillinase.
Keyword: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcal penicillinase, Bacteriophage