Judul: A Comparative Analysis of the Efficiency of Islamic Banks and Conventional Banks Before and During COVID-19
Abstrak: Perbankan Indonesia menganut dual banking system, yaitu bank konvensional dan bank syariah. Pandemi COVID-19 menyebabkan krisis ekonomi yang berdampak pada kinerja perbankan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan membandingkan efisiensi bank syariah dan bank konvensional, pada periode sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Teknik analisis dalam penelitian ini menggunakan Stochastic Frontier Analisys (SFA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, pada periode sebelum COVID-19, bank syariah memperoleh rata-rata efisiensi sebesar 91,98% dan bank konvensional sebesar 81,43%. Sedangkan, pada periode selama COVID-19, bank syariah memperoleh rata-rata efisiensi sebesar 91,41% dan bank konvensional sebesar 80,31%. Dilihat dari besarnya penurunan rata-rata efisiensi, bank syariah hanya turun sebesar 0,57%, sedangkan bank konvensional turun sebesar 1,11%. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bank syariah lebih tahan dari krisis. Berdasarkan independent sample t-test, rata-rata efisiensi antara bank syariah dan bank konvensional dinyatakan tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada kedua periode., The banking system in Indonesia follows a dual banking system, conventional bank and Islamic bank. COVID-19 pandemic causes an economic crisis that impacts banking performance. This study aims to analyze and compare the efficiency level of Islamic banks and conventional banks before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis technique in this study uses the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) method. The results of the study show that the period before the COVID-19 pandemic, Islamic banks obtain an average efficiency level of 91.98% and conventional banks obtain 81.43%. Meanwhile, during the COVID-19 pandemic period, Islamic banks obtain an average efficiency level of 91.41% and conventional banks of 80.31%. From the total decrease in the average efficiency level, Islamic banks only have a decrease of 0.57% while conventional banks have 1.11%. This shows that Islamic banks are more resilient from the crisis. According to the independent sample t-test, the average efficiency between Islamic banks and conventional banks is stated no significant differences in the two periods.
Keyword: Conventional Banks, COVID-19, Efficiency, Islamic Banks, Stochastic Frontier Analisys (SFA)

Judul: Analisis Perbandingan Efisiensi Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) dan Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS) di Indonesia Sebelum dan Selama Pandemi COVID-19
Abstrak: Perbankan syariah di Indonesia terus mengalami perkembangan, termasuk pada Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) dan Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS). Terjadi perubahan kinerja pada BUS dan UUS bersamaan dengan masuknya pandemi COVID-19 di Indonesia diperlukan adanya pengkajian ulang terhadap kinerja BUS dan UUS melalui efisiensi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan, menganalisis dan membandingkan efisiensi BUS dan UUS di Indonesia sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder berupa panel data dari data cross section dan time series. Sampel penelitian oleh 8 BUS dan 5 UUS di Indonesia. Analisis deskriptif dan kuantitatif digunakan dengan pendekatan nonparametrik Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). Nilai standar deviasi menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan besar pada perolehan DPK, pendapatan operasional dan biaya tenaga kerja diantara BUS dan UUS. Rata-rata skor efisiensi BUS dan UUS mengalami penurunan selama pandemi COVID-19. Terdapat 13 Decision Making Unit (DMU) memiliki skor efisiensi 1 dan hasil Uji independent sample t-test menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan signifikan rata-rata nilai efisiensi BUS dan UUS sebelum dan selama Pademi COVID-19. Kata Kunci: BUS, DEA , Efisiensi, Pandemi COVID-19, UUS., Sharia banking in Indonesia continues to develop, including in Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS) and Sharia Business Units (UUS). There has been change in the performance of BUS and UUS along with the entry of the pandemic COVID-19 in Indonesia, it is necessary to review the performance of BUS and UUS through efficiency. This study aims to describe, analyze and compare the efficiency of BUS and UUS in Indonesia before and during the pandemic COVID-19. This study uses secondary data in the form of panel data from cross section and time series data. The research sample by 8 BUS and 5 UUS in Indonesia. Descriptive and quantitative analysis was used with a nonparametric approach to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The standard deviation value shows that there is a big difference in the acquisition of DPK, operating income and labor costs between BUS and UUS. The average efficiency scores of BUS and UUS have decreased during the pandemic COVID-19. There are 13 Decision Making Units (DMU) that have an efficiency score of 1 and the results of the independent sample t-test show that there are significant differences in the average efficiency values of BUS and UUS before and during the pandemic COVID-19. Keywords: BUS, DEA, Efficiency, Pandemic COVID-19, UUS.
Keyword: Sharia Commercial Bank (BUS), Sharia Bussiness Unit (UUS), Efficiency, Pandemic COVID-19, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA)

Judul: Biology Of Columbia Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus Columbus Sher) On Soybean Excised Root Culture
Abstrak: S. Supramana, S. A. Lewis,.J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2001. Biology of Columbia lance nematod. ~ (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher) on soybean excised root culture. Nematropica 31 :283-2~)O. Feeding, egg development and oviposition, embryology, and postembtyonic development or Hoplolaimus col'lmbuswere observed on soybean (cultivar Hutcheson) excised root culture in Gam borg's B5 medium (pH 5.7,1.3% agar). Petri plate sterile cultures were placed inverted on a heated microscope stage (30°C) and observations were conducted using a color video camera and a time lapse digital videoca:;sette recorder. Oocytes were obsetved in each gonad 38 hours after feeding commenced and all egg possessing a terminal stalk was laid 96 hours later. Eggs were deposited it, the one-celled stag~ and a total of 217 hours (9 days) was required for a"newly laid egg to develop into a hatching second-stage juvenile at 30°C. Postembryonic development consisted of threejuvenile stages and an adult female with prior feeding occurring before molts and oviposition. The nematode fed ectoparasiticallyon the subepidermal cells and endoparasitically in the cortex and outer vascular tissue and remained at the infection site for 2·9 days. Key words: Columbia lance nematode, embryology, excised root culture, feeding behavior, HOfilo{aimus columbus, life cycle, oviposition, postembryonic development, soybean.
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