Judul: Pengaruh macam, pH dan penggoyangan media terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan, Fusarium oxysporum
Abstrak: Cendawan atau fungi adalah organisme heterotrofik, mereka memerlukan senyawa organik untuk nutrisinya. Bila mereka hidup dari benda organik yang terlarut, mereka disebut saprofit. Beberapa fungi, meskipun saprofit dapat juga menyerang inang yang hidup lalu tumbuh subur pada inang sebagai parasit. Mereka menimbulkan penyakit pada tumbuhan dan hewan termasuk manusia. Salah satu penyakit yang dapat ditimbulkan oleh cendawan pada tanaman adalah damping-off. Berbagai cendawan tanah yang dapat menimbulkan penyakit damping-off atau lodoh adalah Rhizoctonia sp.. Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium sp. dan Pythium sp. Fusarium yang merupakan salah satu penyebab penyakit pembuluh dikelompokkan dalam jenis Fusarium oxysporum. Untuk mengetahui sifat-sifat dari mikoorganisme khususnya cendawan, maka dapat diberikan perlakuan seperti macam media, pH, dan penggoyangan.
Keyword: cendawan, fungi

Judul: Pengaruh macam Ph, dan penggoyangan media terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan, Rhizoctonia sp.
Abstrak: Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi sebuah pesemaian adalah penyakit hawar daun (Blight). Penyakit ini menyerang beberapa jenis bibit pada pesemaian Perhutani Pongpoklandak di Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat. Hasil identifikasi sampai tingkat genus di laboratorium menunjukkan spesies cendawan tersebut adalah Rhizoctonia sp. yaitu patogen lodoh yang berbahaya bagi pesemaian. Upaya-upaya pengendalian penyakit banyak diteliti dan dilakukan, berupa pengendalian secara fisik, kimiawi maupun secara biologi. Bagaimana cara menekan populasi patogen secara efektif masih perlu dipelajari untuk tiap jenis patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji media tumbuh in vitro yang memberikan kondisi terbaik atau merugikan terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan Rhizoctonia sp. Selain itu untuk mengetahui pengaruh faktor fisik/lingkungan (in vitro), meliputi: 1) sumber karbon (nutrisi/karbohidrat) yang memberikan pertumbuhan terbaik bagi Rhizoctonia sp., 2) mengetahui toleransi terhadap derajat kemasaman dan menentukan selang pH untuk pertumbuhan optimum Rhizoctonia sp., serta 3) untuk mengetahui pengaruh penggoyangan media terhadap pertumbuhan cendawan Rhizoctonia sp. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Kehutanan dan Laboratorium Rekayasa Bioproses PAU Bioteknologi Institut Pertanian Bogor, dalam jangka waktu Oktober 2003-Februari 2004. Objek yang digunakan adalah biakan murni Rhizoctonia sp., spiritus, alkohol 70%, NaOH 1%, HCl 1%, aquades, media PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar), media PSA (Potato Sucrose Agar), media PDL (Potato Dextrose Liquid) dan PSL (Potato Sucrose Liquid). Peralatan yang digunakan meliputi, erlenmeyer, boks isolasi (Laminar Air Flow), bunsen, cawan petri, otoclaf, shaker, cork borer, alumunium foil, plastic wrap, jarum ose, kertas saring, oven, timbangan analitik, mikroskop, gelas preparat dan penutup, kamera focus, pH meter, alat titrasi, serta software pengolah data.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm