Judul: Studi Perbandingan Metode Tanpa Petak terhadap Petak Coba Konvensional dalam Pendugaan Volume dan Jumlah Pohon Tegakan Pinus (Pinus merkusii) di KPH Cianjur Perhutani  UNIT III, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Umumnya dalam kegiatan inventarisasi hutan dilakukan melalui pembuatan petak coba di lapangan. Teknik inventarisasi demikian dikelompokan ke dalam inventarisasi dengan metode petak. Pelaksanaan ini membutuhkan waktu pengukuran yang relatif lama, disamping sering salah dalam pengukuran luas petak. Selain metode di atas ada metode lain yang telah diterapkan yaitu metode tanpa petak. Salah satu metode tanpa petak yang diperkirakan dapat dikembangkan adalah metode point sampling (sampling titik) yang diterapkan dengan berbagai teknik penarikan contoh.
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Judul: Efisisensi dan Ketelitian antara Metode Tree Sampling dengan Metode Konvensional Untuk Menduga Potensi Tegakan Pinus ( Pinus merkusii) Kelas Umur V ke Atas (Studi Kasus di BKPH Lembang KPH Bandung Utara PT. Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Tmdakan untuk mengetahui potensi suatu hutan sangat perlu dilakukan supaya keadaan dm besarnya kekayaan alam yang terkandung di dalamnya dapat dikelola dengan baik, sehingga . diarapkan pengusahaan hutan yang dilakukan menuju pengelolaan hutan yang lestari. Informasi tersebut biasanya menyajikan data potensi hutan yang bersifat kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Data yang bersifat kuantitatif berguna untuk kegiatan perencanaan pengaturan hasil, sedangkan data yang bersifat kualitatif berfungsi dalam merencanakan efisiensi pemanfaatan. Secara mum, kedua data tersebut diatas diperoleh dengan inventarisasi hutan yang dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu cara sensus (melakukan pengukuran 100%) dan cara sampling (teknik penarikan contoh). Mengingat areal hutan yang luas maka cara sensus tidak mungkin dilaksanakan dengan pertimbangan faktor-faktor pembatasnya, yaitu waktu, biaya, dan tenaga kerja yang tinggi. Sebagai altematif lain diadakan teknik penarikan contoh (cara sampling), yaitu melakukan pengamatan pada sebagian wilayah yang diamati dan dipandang mewakili seluruh luas hutan.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable