Judul: Penyelesaian Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problem Menggunakan Algoritme Tabu Search.
Abstrak: Split Delivery Vehicle Routing Problems (SDVRP) merupakan masalah penentuan rute pendistribusian barang ke para pelanggan yang dimulai dan diakhiri di suatu depot. Setiap pelanggan dapat dikunjungi lebih dari satu kali. Model SDVRP merupakan kasus NP-Hard Problem yang dapat diselesaikan menggunakan metode eksak, heuristic maupun meta-heuristic. Pada karya ilmiah ini, SDVRP diselesaikan menggunakan metode eksak Integer Linear Programming (ILP) dan metode meta-heuristic Tabu Search 2-opt. Hasil uji coba memperlihatkan bahwa waktu eksekusi menggunakan metode meta-heuristic jauh lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan metode eksak. Akan tetapi, metode meta-heuristic masih menghasilkan selisih jarak yang relatif besar dibanding metode eksak.
Keyword: 2-opt, SDVRP, Tabu Search, 2-opt, SDVRP, Tabu Search

Judul: Penyelesaian Vehicle Routing Problem  with Simultaneous Delivery and Pickup: Studi Kasus Pendistribusian LPG 3 kg
Abstrak: Permasalahan rute pendistribusian termasuk dalam vehicle routing problem (VRP). VRP memiliki beberapa variasi, salah satunya adalah vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup (VRPSDP). Pengaplikasian VRPSDP dapat dilihat dari pendistribusian tabung LPG 3 kg, di mana agen mengirim tabung terisi ke pangkalan dan mengambil tabung kosong dalam satu kali perjalanan. VRPSDP dapat diselesaikan menggunakan metode eksak dan heuristik. Pada penelitian ini, dijelaskan bagaimana algoritme genetika mampu menyelesaikan masalah perutean kendaraan untuk mendistribusikan tabung LPG 3 kg pada PT Anten Surya Saputra. Algoritme genetika merupakan salah satu metode heuristik yang mendekati solusi optimal melalui beberapa proses, di antaranya seleksi, kawin silang, dan mutasi. Hasilnya, algoritme genetika mampu memberikan solusi yang mendekati optimal dalam waktu yang relatif lebih singkat dibanding metode eksak, dengan rata-rata persentase selisih solusinya adalah 6.32%., Distribution route problems are included in the vehicle routing problem (VRP). VRP has several variations, one of them is the vehicle routing problem with simultaneous delivery and pickup (VRPSDP). The application of VRPSDP can be seen from the distribution of 3 kg LPG, where the agent sends filled tubes to the base and pick up empty tubes in one trip. VRPSDP can be solved using exact and heuristic methods. In this study, it is explained how the genetic algorithm is able to solve the problem of vehicle routing to distribute 3 kg LPG at PT Anten Surya Saputra. Genetic algorithm is a heuristic method that approaches the optimal solution through several processes, including selection, crossover, and mutation. As a result, genetic algorithms are able to provide sub-optimal solutions in a relatively shorter time than the exact method, with an average percentage of the difference in solutions is 6.32%.
Keyword: 3 kg LPG, distribution, genetic algorithm, vehicle routing problem, VRPSDP

Judul: Mercury Toxicity and It’s Effect on Histopathology Change of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Abstrak: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of fish species that oportunity to contaminated with mercury. The effects of pollutants can damage living organisms organs and can cause death. The effects caused mercury had acute or chronic character. The aims of this study are to determine threshold and acute toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), to assess the effect of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on several biometric parameters (survival, growth rate of average daily weighted, liver condition, bile and reproductive variability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), assess the level of damage to the histological structure of the gills, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure. This study was conducted from February to June 2013. Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study were female with average weight 20 grams or 11-13 cm length range. Toxicant materials used in this study was mercury chloride (HgCl2). Fish were reared in each aquarium 60x40x30 containing 48 liters of water. This study consists of three stages: a preliminary test, acute test, and sub-chronic test. To determine the changes in biometric condition of tilapia approximated by measuring the survival rate (SR), the growth rate of average daily weight , the content of mercury in the fish organs, hepatosomatic index (HSI), the relative bile volume (VER), gonadal soamtic index (IKG), fecundity and oocit diameter, tissue damage caused by mercury in fish organs by making histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The median lethal concentration (96 hr, LC50) of Mercury Chloride was calculated as 1,64 mgL--1.The survival rate was highest in the control treatment (46,67 %) . Mercury chloride with concentration 0.196 mgL--1 show significant effect to changes HSI and relative bile volume, and oocyte diameter of Nile tilapia (p < 0,05). Mercury chloride with a concentration of 0,164 mgL-1 and 0,196 mgL-1 have not a significant effect on the growth rate of weight, gonadal somatic index and fecundity of Nile tilapia (p > 0,05). Mercury chloride cause damage to gills (hyperplasia, hypertrophy, proliferation and neukrosis), liver (hyperplasia, hemorhage, shrinkage of hepatocytes, proliferation and neukrosis) and kidney (hyperplasia, hemorrhage, shrinkage of the glomerulus, proliferation and neukrosis).
Keyword: Nile tilapia, Hepatosomatic indexs (HSI), histopathology