Judul: Diversity Analysis of Banana (Musa spp.) Based on RAPD and ISSR Molecular Markers
Abstrak: Persilangan kedua tetua pisang, Musa acuminata (AA) dan Musa balbisiana (BB), menghasilkan keragaman tingkat ploidi yang menghasilkan variasi sifat pada setiap kultivar pisang. Analisis keragaman pisang dengan pendekatan morfologi cenderung lebih mudah untuk dilakukan tetapi dapat karakter tersebut dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan. Oleh karena itu, pada penelitian ini perlu dilakukan analisis keragaman pisang menggunakan marka molekular RAPD dan ISSR untuk mendeteksi perbedaan pada tingkat DNA. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu pengamatan morfologi, isolasi DNA kultivar pisang, amplifikasi DNA menggunakan primer RAPD dan ISSR, dan pengolahan data hasil PCR dengan scoring dan software PAST 4. Analisis keragaman genetik menggunakan marka RAPD dan ISSR pada delapan kultivar pisang menghasilkan 164 pita DNA dengan rata-rata persentase pita polimorfik 78.9%. Jarak kekerabatan terjauh dari seluruh kultivar pisang yang dipelajari terdapat pada pisang Lampung yang merupakan satu-satunya sampel bergenom diploid., Crossing the two parental bananas, Musa acuminata (AA) and Musa balbisiana (BB), results in a diversity of ploidy levels that produce variations in traits in each banana cultivar. Analysis of banana diversity with a morphological approach tends to be easier to do, but the environment can influence the character. Therefore, in this study, it is necessary to analyze banana diversity using RAPD and ISSR molecular markers to detect differences at the DNA level. The methods used were Morphological observation, Isolation of banana cultivar DNA, DNA amplification using RAPD and ISSR primers, and data processing of PCR results with scoring and PAST 4 software. Analysis of genetic diversity using RAPD and ISSR markers on eight banana cultivars produced 164 DNA bands with an average percentage of polymorphic bands of 78.9%. The farthest relationship distance of all studied banana cultivars was found in the Lampung banana, the only diploid genome sample.
Keyword: morfologi, PCR, kekerabatan, marka molekuler, polimorfisme

Judul: Molecular Based Classification and Phylogenetic Analysis of Indonesian Banana Cultivars
Abstrak: Banana cultivars are complex hybrids and have been further modified by various mutations. The specific ancestor of the cultivars was difficult to be elucidated. Therefore, the taxonomic status and nomenclature have long been a complicated issue. The goals of the study were to characterize banana accessions from various regions in Indonesia based on microsatellite markers to obtain classification which is stable and accurate and to elucidate phylogenetic relationships of banana cultivars inferred from trnL-F intergenic spacer of cpDNA. The study was conducted using 151 accessions that have been morphologically classified and unclassified 116 accessions. Thirty nine accessions which represented various genomic groups and 12 sequences of different taxa of Musa downloaded from GenBank were used for phylogenetic analysis. Banana accessions were characterized using 12 microsatellite primers. Only 8 primers: MaCIR108; MaCIR332a; MaCIR327b; Ma-1-17; Ma-1-27; Ma-1-132; Ma-3-90; and Ma-3-139 produced clear alleles and exhibited polymorphic banding patterns. Total 267 banana accessions were effectively classified into 3 species based only on: 4 alleles of MaCIR108 with the size of more than 270 bp; alleles of MaCIR108 with the size of 270 bp or less; and 1 allele of Ma-3-90 with the size of 152 bp. There are 130 accessions of AA or AAA; and AAA designated under Musa acuminata, 10 accessions of BB designated under M. balbisiana, 64 accessions of AAB and 63 accessions of ABB designated under hybrid species M. x paradisiaca. Eleven accessions of pure the A genome and 9 accessions containing the B genome previously identified based on morphology have been reclassified into M. x paradisiaca and M. acuminata. The study also exhibited that microsatellites are an effective marker for identifying banana cultivars. Analysis of 267 banana accessions using the 8 primers detected only 208 genotypes because 88 accessions formed 29 identical genotypes. In general, the banana accessions clustered according to their genomic groups, except 15 accessions of AAB; accessions of AA or AAA; and AAA. In the phylogeny inferred from the trnL-F region, 40 accessions having the A-type chloroplast consisting of AA wild; AA; AA or AAA; AAA; AAB; and ABB cultivars were clearly differentiated from 11 accessions having the B-type chloroplast consisting of BB, AAB, and ABB cultivars. The A-type chloroplast accessions are most probably derived from female M. acuminata, while those with the B-type chloroplast may be derived from female M. balbisiana. However, the specific acuminata ancestor of each cultivar remains unidentified. Genetic relationships among banana accessions based on the trnL-F region are not in agreement with those based on the microsatellite most probably due to the differences of inheritance mode of both DNA markers.
Keyword: Genetic analysis diversity, Microsatelite, Filogeni, trnL-F Intergenic Spacer

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4