Judul: Kajian Efektivitas Asam Askorbat dan Lidah Buaya untuk menghambat Pencokelatan pada Buah Potong Apel Malang
Abstrak: Enzymatic browning is a chemical process by phenolic compounds that produce brown-color of several cut fruits. The aim of this study was to observe the effectiveness of ascorbic acid and aloe vera to prevent enzymatic browning of Malang Apple as cut fruits. Rome Beauty cultivar of Malang apples were carefully prepared in this study. Fast cutting and peeling was conducted in order to minimize the oxidation occured to apple slices. Apple slices then dipped in 1% ascorbic acid solution, 3% ascorbic acid solution, 5% aloe vera solution, and 10% aloe vera solution for 2 minutes respectively. A group of apple slice did not receive any dipping treatment and used as control and used as control treatment. Several physical properties test were conducted to observe the effect of given treatments. Result showed that dipping treatments can prevent rapid PPO enzyme oxidation process. Based on the physical property parameters, ascorbic acid was the effective solution that can prevent rapid browning of apple slices and the optimum storage time was 2 days.
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Judul: Effectivity Malang Apple (Malus sylvestris Mill) Peels Infuse as Antidiarrheal for Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Kulit apel memiliki berbagai manfaat kesehatan sebagai antioksidan, antibakteri, dan antiproliferatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan metabolit sekunder apel malang dengan skrinning fitokimia dan kemampuannya sebagai antidiare menggunakan metode proteksi intestinal, serta mengetahui konsentrasi yang efektif sebagai antidiare pada mencit. Penelitian menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol (-), kontrol (+), dan tiga kelompok percobaan dengan tingkat konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100% diberikan secara peroral. Parameter yang diamati berupa frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, onset, durasi, serta waktu persembuhan diare mencit setiap 30 menit selama 9 jam. Hasil skrinning fitokimia kulit apel menunjukkan adanya senyawa metabolit sekunder berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, dan saponin. Hasil pengamatan pada onset, durasi, dan waktu persembuhan diare menunjukkan sediaan infusa kulit apel pada setiap konsentrasi dapat mempersingkat durasi diare. Hasil pengamatan konsistensi, frekuensi, dan durasi menunjukkan infusa kulit apel malang memiliki efek antidiare pada setiap konsentrasi dengan konsentrasi 100% memiliki tingkat efektivitas paling baik sebagai antidiare., Apple peels have various health benefits as antioxidants, antibacterials, and antiproliferative agent. This study aimed to determine the secondary metabolite content of unfortunate apples by phytochemical screening and its ability as antidiarrheal using the intestinal protection method, as well as to determine the effective concentration as antidiarrheal in mice. The study used 30 mice divided into five groups, namely the control group (-), control (+), and three experimental groups with concentration levels of 25%, 50%, and 100% given orally. Parameters observed were frequency of defecation, consistency of feces, onset, duration, and recovery time of mice diarrhea every 30 minutes for 9 hours. The results of apple peel phytochemical screening showed the presence of secondary metabolite compounds in the form of alkaloids, flavonoids, and saponins. The results of observations on the onset, duration, and recovery time of diarrhea showed that apple peel infuse preparations at each concentration could shorten the duration of diarrhea. Observations on consistency, frequency, and duration showed that apple peel infuse had an antidiarrheal effect at each concentration with 100% concentration having the best level of effectiveness as antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, proteksi intestinal, apel hijau, kulit apel

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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