Judul: Design for sustainable management of seagrass ecosystems for supporting fisheries in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi
Abstrak: Seagrasses have been well known as important habitat for various fauna, including numbers of economic important fishes, especially in the nursery stage. Therefore, seagrass ecosystems management is an important part of managing the marine fisheries. Spermonde Archipelago, a hotspot of coral and seagrass, consist of ± 120 small islands and have dense population (most of them depends on subsistence and small scale fisheries), especially in the south east of the archipelago implements an increased pressure to the seagrass ecosystems. The pressure to the ecosystems will affect the fisheries productivity. By knowing the sustainability status of the seagrass ecosystems, it will facilitate an assessment of the effectiveness of fisheries management and it will provide a valuable information to policy makers about the best policy option for the sustainability management of seagrass ecosystems in the future. Based on that, the main goal of this study was to determine the sustainability status of seagrass ecosystems in Barrang Lompo Island (BL) and Kapoposang Island (KP) for supporting fisheries. In order to achieve the main goal, there are three specific objectives were performed, namely 1). to analyze fish community structure in the seagrass beds, 2). to analyze the fishing activities and their status in the seagrass beds, 3). to design the sustainable management of seagrass ecosystems. Fish community structure was analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and Bray-Curtis cluster analysis, while the most contributed species to difference of fish community structure was analyzed using SIMPER (similarity of percentages) procedure. All statistics analysis were carried out using PRIMER v6 software. The difference between fish distribution in both seagrass beds was analyzed with t-test and Bonferroni post-test using PRISM v5 software. Fishing activities were analyzed through fisher recognition based on the latest census data from village office and by interviews, observation of fisher’s behaviour during fishing in the seagrass beds, classification of their catches, analysis of maturity size of their catches based on life stage classification using fish maximum length. Status of fishing in the seagrass beds were determined based on FAO-like exploitation status scale and analyzed through measurement of catch per unit effort (CPUE), total catch in one year (Y), natural mortality as weight-dependence of mortality (Mw), estimated biomass in the same year (B), and maximum sustainable yield (MSY). RAPSECS (rapid appraisal technique for evaluating seagrass ecosystems sustainability) analysis using multidimensional scaling (MDS) was applied to analyze the sustainability status of seagrass ecosystems for each dimension (ecology, economic, social, technology, institution). A combination of pairwase comparison and geomean was used to determine the general sustainability status of each seagrass fisheries. Leverage analysis was applied to identify the most influence attributes to the sustainability status of each dimension. Strategy intervention was formulated based on the most influence attributes within each dimension. The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and Bray- Curtis cluster analysis revealed that overall, there were significant differences of fish community structure and distribution pattern in the seagrass beds dominated by Thalassia hemprichii (TH) and Enhalus acoroides (EA). Fish abundance was higher in TH- than in EA-dominated beds, but fish biomass and species richness were lower in
Keyword: management strategy, sustainability, seagrass ecosystems, fishing, Spermonde Archipelago, RAPSECS, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides

Judul: Improving the Understanding of Small-scale Grouper and Snapper Fisheries in Saleh Bay-West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia to Enhance Their Management
Abstrak: Groupers (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) are a crucial component of fisheries in coastal tropical and sub-tropical regions, providing essential protein and supporting livelihoods. While global landings of grouper have been steadily increasing, with China and Indonesia contributing over 60% of the total catch, challenges persist in managing their stocks, particularly in small-scale fisheries in developing nations. This study aimed to propose an effective management strategy for key grouper species in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia by addressing knowledge gaps and evaluating different management options. Specifically, this involved understanding the dynamics of these fisheries, including fishing methods and the composition of their landings, examining the life history and stock condition of a key but previously data-poor grouper species, i.e., brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and critically evaluating various management procedures using the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment (MERA) tool. Findings reveal that 57.7% of the total catches of small-scale reef and demersal fisheries in Saleh Bay consisted of grouper and snapper (Lutjanidae). The fishery is complex, with eight fishing methods employed to catch 75 species. Four species, namely the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), spotted coral grouper (Plectropomus maculatus), and malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) were primarily targeted, using three main fishing methods, i.e., bottom longline, speargun, and handline, together accounting >90% of the total catch. The composition of catches using these methods changed significantly with fishing depth, season, and/or year. Fishing activities follow a temporal pattern influenced by monsoonal seasons, and fishers utilized specialized tactics to target high-value species for maximum profit. Preliminary biological studies and data from the fish landing monitoring program were used to re-evaluate the spawning potential ratio (SPR) of E. fuscoguttatus. This is one of 12 species targeted for management in Saleh Bay, and of concern as the SPR was previously estimated to range from only 0.05 to 0.07, well below the reference SPR limit of 0.20 and target of 0.30. A new estimate of L50 (length at which 50% of the population is mature) was derived which is ~100 mm smaller than the previous estimate. This new L50 estimate, when combined with the length-based SPR, yielded higher SPR estimates (0.11 to 0.25), although still below the target SPR. Finally, the study employs the MERA approach to assess management procedures for P. leopardus in Saleh Bay. Results indicated that the current size limit and spatial closure regulations may be ineffective due to low compliance and the limited extent of no-take zones within marine protected areas in Saleh Bay, which are smaller than the home range of this species. Recommendations for enhancing the sustainability of grouper and snapper fisheries in Saleh Bay include exploring total allowable catch controls, implementing seasonal closures to limit fishing effort, strengthening existing regulations, and conducting further studies on life-history aspects and stock assessment. In summary, this study underscores the significance of thoroughly understanding the dynamics of small-scale fisheries and the necessity for adaptive management strategies that align with specific local contexts. Sustained collaboration among researchers, fisheries managers, and stakeholders is crucial for tackling management challenges and enforcing effective management to ensure the
Keyword: small scale fishery, fishing dynamic, data limited fishery, method evaluation and risk assessment, management strategy evaluation, brown-marbled grouper, leopard coral grouper

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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