Judul: Laju Konsumsi Metana Pada Berbagai Tipe Penggunaan Lahan
Abstrak: Peningkatan konsentrasi metana semakin mendorong penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju peningkatan tersebut. Diduga sebagian besar merupakan akibat menurunnya kemampuan tanah untuk mengkonsumsi metana seiring dengan berubahnya sistem pengolaban tanah akibat penggunaan lahan yang berubah (deforestasi) hingga semakin banyak penelitian mengenai faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi laju konsumsi metana tersebut, diantaranya adalah kadar air dan suhu tanah juga faktor lain seperti sifat fisik tanah.
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Judul: Laju Konsumsi Metana Pada Berbagai Tipe Penggnnaan Lahan Kering
Abstrak: Dalam upaya memenuhi kebutuhan hidup manusia yang terus meningkat, sejalan dengan waktu telah terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan yang cepat, dari lahan yang tidak terganggu (lahan hutan) menjadi lahan untuk penggunaan yang lain, misalnya pertanian, penebangan, pemukiman, dan lain-lain. Perubahan penggunaan lahan hutan untuk penggunaan yang lain tersebut telah mengakibatkan terjadinya perubahan sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, yang selanjutnya akan mempengaruhi pula sifat biologi tanah. Tanah diketahui mempunyai kemampuan atau potensi untuk mengkonsumsi metana (CIL), yaitu melalui aktivitas bakteri pengoksidasi metana (metanotrop ), yang banyak ditemukan pada lahan-lahan kering. Namun demikian, beberapa sifat tanah (fisik dan kimia) dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas metanotrop, diantaranya ketersediaan N tanah , pH tanah, kadar air tanah, suhu tanah dan pemadatan tanah. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui laju konsumsi metana pada berbagai tipe penggunan lahan kering, dan mengetahui beberapa sifat tanah (fisik, kimia) yang dipengaruhi oleh tipe penggunaan lahan kering, sehingga dapat mempengaruhi pula aktivitas bakteri pengoksidasi metana. Lokasi penelitian ini bertempat di Kecamatan Muara Bulian, Kabupaten Batanghari, Propinsi Jambi, dari bulan April 1996 sampai bulan Agustus 1996. Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengambil sampel udara clan sampel tanah di lokasi yang berbeda sesuai dengan tipe penggunaan lahan keringnya, yaitu; hutan primer (HP), agroforest (AF), hutan karet (HK), budidaya/ladang (BD), clan lahan alang­alang (AL). Sampel udara dianalisis di laboratorium PUSBANGTEPA-IPB untuk mengetahui konsentrasi metana; sedangkan sampel tanah dianalisis di Laboratorium Tanah IPB untuk mengetahui sifat fisik, kimia clan biologi tanah.
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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