Judul: Pemanfaatan Limbah Udang Sebagai Salah Satu Komponen Ransum Domba Lokal Jantan dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kecernaan Lemak, Energi, dan Retensi Nitrogen
Abstrak: Shrimp waste from shrimp industry, composed of head, shell, and a little bit of flesh which is about 30-40% of the shrimp’s weight. Shrimp waste contain 14-19% crude fiber with 12.24% khitin. The aim of this experiment was to examine the level of shrimp waste on nutrient digestibility in ram. Completely Randomize Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications used in this experiment. The treatments were P0 (soybean meal 13.5% + Shrimp waste 0%), P1 (soybean meal 9% + Shrimp waste 10%), P2 (soybean meal 4.5% + Shrimp waste 20%) and P3 (soybean meal 0% + Shrimp waste 30%). The variables measured were ram performance ie. average daily weight gain, feed consumption, feed convertion, lipid digestibility, energy digestibility and nitrogen retention. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the significant result would be continually examined using Duncan Multiple Range Test. The result showed that treatments significantly affected daily weight gain, feed convertion, lipid and energy digestibility. The average of daily weight gain as well as lipid digestibility of P3 was significantly (P<0.05) lower than the other treatments. There were no significant differences between treatments PO, P1, and P2. There were also no significant differencces among treatments on nitrogen retention.
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Judul: Peranan sumber karbon eksternal yang berbeda dalam pembentukan bioflok dan pengaruhnya terhadap kualitas air serta produksi pada sistem budidaya udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei
Abstrak: Total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) is one issue on White shrimp cultivation. To reduce the TAN levels in order to remain within the limits specified in the cultivation process, the addition of organic carbon sources to improve the C / N ratio which aims to encourage the growth of heterotrophic bacteria. The study consisted of two phases. Phase one aims to determine the decrease in the concentration of TAN. This study uses a completely randomized design with four treatments and four reaply such as the addition of a carbon source (A) molasses; (B) tapioca; (C) rice bran; (D) the use of cassava by product with C/N ratio of 10, 15 and 20. Parameters is observed as a decrease in the concentration of TAN and DO, pH and temperature. Data were statistically analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) using Minitab software (version 16.0) at the 95% confidence interval (P <0,05).The measurements of TAN with different C/N ratios giving different values where the C/N ratio of 20 has effect not significantly different from C/N ratio of 15, but has a significantly different effect with the C/N ratio of 10 in all treatments of carbon sources after 24 hours. Phase two study aimed to determine the effect of carbon sources on bioflocs profile, water quality parameters and growth performance of White shrimp. The study consisted of 4 treatments such as the addition of a carbon source (A) molasses; (B) tapioca; (C) rice bran; (D) cassava by product and without carbon, use of C/N ratio of 15 and four reaply. Parameter of water quality are TAN, nitrite, nitrate and ammonia. Bioflocs profile observed is identification of bacteria, Vibrio bacterial counts and the total number of bacteria in the water and shrimp intestine. Production parameters observed is specific growth rate, feed conversion, survival rates and average weights of White shrimp. Water quality parameters, especially TAN, nitrite and ammonia decreased at the end of maintenance period. Results of profile bioflocs found some microorganisms such as worms, phytoplankton and zooplankton. Genus Bacillus sp. was found in all treatments of carbon sources. Highest total number of bacteria present in molasses treatment (water and intestinal shrimp). Vibrio bacteria counts are highest in the no-carbon treatment (water and shrimp intestine). Vibrio bacteria counts are highest in the no-carbon treatment (Water and shrimp intestine). Feed conversion on treatment without carbon carbon (1.67 ± 0.10) were significantly different with the treatment of tapioca (1.41 ± 0.13). White shrimp survival rate during the maintenance treatment without carbon (84.17 ± 3.20%) was lower in all treatments and were significantly different with cassava by product treatment (92.50% ± 5.00).
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular