Judul: Calculation of Premium and Benefit Reserves in Lifetime Joint Life Insurance with the New Jersey Method
Abstrak: Asuransi joint life seumur hidup merupakan model asuransi jiwa gabungan yang memberikan perlindungan atas risiko kematian pada dua orang atau lebih dalam satu polis. Perusahaan asuransi akan memberikan santunan ketika salah satu peserta meninggal, namun peserta asuransi memiliki kewajiban membayar premi selama masa hidupnya. Demi mencegah terjadi kegagalan membayar santunan di masa depan, perusahaan asuransi perlu melakukan penghitungan premi dan cadangan manfaat setiap tahun secara cermat. Karya ilmiah ini membahas penghitungan premi dengan prinsip kesetaraan dan cadangan manfaat pada asuransi joint life seumur hidup dengan metode New Jersey. Perbandingan dengan cadangan manfaat prospektif menunjukkan keefektifan cadangan manfaat dari metode New Jersey karena dapat menutupi kekurangan biaya di tahun awal polis asuransi., Lifetime joint life insurance is a multiple lifetime insurance which gives death risk protection for two or more people in one policy. The insurance company will give benefit after the first participant dies, but the insurance participants have to pay the premium insurance during their lifetime. In order to prevent failure to pay compensation in the future, insurance company must calculate the premiums and annual benefit reserves carefully. This paper discusses how to calculate premiums using the equality principle and benefit reserves in lifetime joint life insurance with the New Jersey method. Comparison with the prospective benefit reserves shows the effectiveness of the New Jersey method due to its capability to cover up the shortfall in the initial year of the insurance policy.
Keyword: benefit reserves, joint life insurance, New Jersey method, premium, prospective method

Judul: Penghitungan Cadangan Manfaat Asuransi Jiwa Joint Life Seumur Hidup dan Endowment Menggunakan Metode Fackler
Abstrak: Asuransi adalah bentuk perjanjian antara dua belah pihak, yaitu pihak tertanggung dan pihak penanggung, di mana tertanggung membayar sebuah iuran kepada penanggung demi mendapatkan bentuk ganti rugi atas risiko finansial yang dapat terjadi secara tak terduga. Asuransi joint life merupakan salah satu jenis asuransi jiwa multilife yang pembayaran preminya dilakukan sampai kematian pertama peserta asuransi. Karya ilmiah ini membahas penentuan cadangan manfaat asuransi joint life seumur hidup dan asuransi joint life endowment menggunakan metode Fackler. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, dengan suku bunga dan besar manfaat yang sama didapatkan nilai cadangan manfaat asuransi joint life seumur hidup meningkat setiap tahunnya dan pada tahun terakhir nilai cadangan manfaatnya bernilai nol. Pada asuransi joint life endowment nilai cadangan manfaatnya meningkat setiap tahun hingga pada tahun terakhir nilainya sama dengan besar manfaatnya., Insurance is a form of agreement between two parties, namely the insured and the insurer, in which the insured pays a contribution to the insurer in order to obtain a form of compensation for financial risks that can occur unexpectedly. Joint life insurance is a type of multi-life life insurance where the premium payments are made until the first death among the insured participants. This scientific paper discusses the calculation of the reserve for joint life insurance benefits, for whole life joint life insurance and joint life endowment insurance using the Fackler method. Assuming the same interest rate and benefit amount, the result shows that the reserve value for lifelong joint life insurance benefits increases every year and in the final year the reserve value for benefits is zero. For the joint life endowment insurance, the value of the benefit reserve increases every year until the final year where is equal to the benefit amount.
Keyword: benefit reserve, endowment insurance, Fackler method, joint life        insurance, whole life insurance

Judul: Process engineering of cassava pulp hydrolysis using microwave heating for ethanol production
Abstrak: Cassava pulp is a potential source of carbohydrates. In this work, characteristics of the cassava pulp were analyzed and validity of microwave irradiation for hydrolysis of carbohydrates, especially starch present in the cassava pulp, was estimated as a non-enzymatic saccharification technique. The hydrolysis was performed in water and acid medium. In addition, the role of activated carbon in the microwave-assisted hydrolysis was also evaluated. An optimization of the hydrolysis was conducted using Central Composite Design (CCD) and was analyzed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). Fermentation of cassava pulp hydrolysates produced from microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis was performed to those added with activated carbon (25% w/w) and those without activated carbon by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. There were two types of activated carbon, which have different adsorption properties, used in this experiment. Results of the cassava pulp characterization shows that the starch granules in the cassava pulp were trapped in biomass matrices, so that the starch was harder to hydrolyze than the free starch, such as that in tapioca flour. Microwave-assisted hydrolysis of cassava pulp can be completed in less than 15 minutes in water medium, and less than 10 minutes in acid medium. The addition of activated carbon improved hydrolysis of cassava pulp starch in water medium with suppression of formation of the secondary decomposed materials. The highest glucose yield obtained from cassava pulp was 46% of dry matter or 52% of theoretical, which was about 60% higher than the one without the addition of activated carbon. On the contrary, the addition of activated carbon decreased the glucose yield when the hydrolysis was performed in acid medium (0.5% H2SO4). The glucose yield could reach 80.8% of dry matter or 91.5% of theoretical yield when no activated carbon was added in the acid medium. The estimated optimum condition for cassava pulp hydrolysis under microwave irradiation was using 0.88% sulfuric acid with 9 minutes of heating time, which resulted in 85% of theoretical glucose yield and 140 g/L glucose concentration. At the end of the fermentation the ethanol yield and concentration obtained in the samples treated with activated carbon (0.41-0.43 g ethanol / g glucose consumed; 34-35 g/L) were lower than that not treated with activated carbon or those treated with activated carbon which was added after hydrolysis (0.48 g ethanol / glucose consumed; 38- 39 g/L). However, the fermentation was completed very much faster in the hydrolysates treated with the activated carbon which has a high adsorption capacity than in that not treated with activated carbon or those treated with activated carbon of low adsorption capacity. Therefore, ethanol productivities (0.44-0.55 g/L/h) of the former were higher than the latter (0.28-0.34 g/L/h).
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