Judul: Evaluasi degradasi ansidol pada berbagai penggunaan lahan melalui pendekatan  kadar-organik
Abstrak: Comprehensive research of soil degradation usually can be conducted by looking the data of physic, chemistry and morphology of soil characteristics in a whole through analysis the soil sampling in each horizon. Based on physical and morphology characteristics soil degradation can be looked through color iteration, topsoil thickness, also with soil texture. Based on chemistry characteristics, degradation can be looked from soil reaction, soil organic matter content, soil alkaly's, Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC), available P, exchangeble Al and Total N. The soil organic matter content is a soil characteristic which is used to be made a main parameter in estimating the level of the land degradation, because the soil organic material very influenceing other soil characteristics, like soil alkaly content, CEC, and soil structure.
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Judul: Penilaian tingkat degradasi lahan sifat fisik-biologik dan sosial ekonomi
Abstrak: Kebutuhan lahan untuk pertanian makin meningkat sesuai dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk yang membutuhkan bahan pangan, sandang dan perumahan. Selain itu upaya peningkatan ekspor hasil pertanian memerlukan lahan yang luas dan produktif Oleh karena itu sumber daya lahan yang ada harus dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin walaupun lahan tersebut sudah mengalami degradasi dan produktivitasnya rendah ( Sutono dan Abdurachman, 1997). Pada saat ini terdapat 7.47 juta hektar lahan pertanian yang dikategorikan sebagai lahan potensial kritis, 5.99 juta hektar lahan semi kritis dan 4.87 juta hektar lahan kritis. Melihat angka-angka ini maka perlu diperhatikan kriteria penilaian tingkat degradasi lahan. Selain faktor fisik-biologik, maka faktor sosial ekonomi diperkirakan akan juga berpengaruh terhadap tingkat degradasi. Maka diperlukan suatu penelitian yang mencakup kriteria penilaian lahan terdegradasi dari faktor fisik, biologik dan sekaligus faktor sosial ekonomi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) membuat kriteria tingkat degradasi suatu lahan (menggunakan sifat fisik, biologik dan sosial ekonomi), (2) menilai potensi terdegradasinya daerah penelitian. Bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah berupa lahan pertanian daerah penelitian. Dari lahan tersebut diperoleh data penggunaan lahan aktual dan data sosial ekonomi hasil wawancara dengan petani sampel yang mewakili satuan lahan pengamatan (data primer), sedangkan bahan-bahan lain yang digunakan adalah data fisik-kimia tanah hasil analisis laboratorium, data curah hujan daerah penelitian, data peta topografi daerah Salatiga skala 1 : 50.000 dengan interval kontur 25, peta tanah detil daerah Cukilan - Dadapayam - Kalinanas dengan skala 1 : 12.500. dan foto udara hitam putih lembar Jawa Tengah pemotretan tahun 1981 skala 1 : 30.000 (data sekunder).
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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