Judul: Langgan Bagi Nelayan Muara-Binuangeun (Studi Kearifan Lokal Masyarakat Nelayan Muara-Binuangeun, Kabupaten Lebak, Provinsi Banten)
Abstrak: Local wisdom that developed in fisherman society at Muara-Binuangeun village have characteristic which adjusted by environmentally society at that place and really be related with society livelihood that is as fisherman. One of developed local wisdom on fisherman society Muara-Binuangeun is Langgan. Langgan is one of local wisdom that gets to form rules or Norms, moral values in which managed mechanism that is carried on at in its to reach prosperous as economic that decided by side one engage in that system. Beside that, Langgan also can be definited as individual who gived capital to fishermen communityfor sailing at Muara-Binuangeun. Langgan were born from society initiative to solve them economy social problem. Upon happening poverty on society and its implication is society have no capital to go out to sea, at that moment evoked initiative to look for alternative in look for capital loan. Afterwards formed Langgan as initiations from that society. In its developing, as part of society culture, Langgan growing and develope becomes to outgrow as well as culture. Based on it also, therefore Langgan also experiences probability to changed as well as society social life and society culture. Base studi's result at the field, available three factor that regard change on Langgan. The third Factor that among those are: first, Intervensi Ulama passes through Islam, already prohibits practice Langgan. Second, Intervensi government policy via TPI (Auction place Fishes Out), where is TPI'S existence have revamped policy that at applies by Langgan. Third, Proverty and transfer profession that happening on society, where upon their livelihood as fisherman no longer keeps faith, therefore a lot of society changes over their profession and leave their work as fisherman.
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Judul: Perubahan Moda Produksi dan Potensi Konflik pada Kalangan Nelayan (Studi Kasus pada Nelayan Bugis Sape, Kabupaten Bima, Nusa Tenggara Barat)
Abstrak: Fisheries modernization has always emphasized the importance of technology transfer has gradually resulted in changes in the modes of production of almost all fishermen community. Changes in modes of production on fishermen community in the form of intermediate production tools, means of production and patterns of production relations of the traditional mode of production to a more modern mode of production on the one hand, has proven to make the work more effective and efficient fisherman and thus a wider range of sea allow fisherman to get a more satisfying catch. The other side changes in modes of production as a result of modernization fisherman fishing has also led to new problems on the fisherman, for example, only fisherman who have big capital are able to access modern means of production while the small fisherman remain in a disadvantageous position and increasingly marginalized because they can not access to modern means of production. This study was about nenelusuri how and to what extent the effect of changing modes of production to changes in the social structure of fisherman and changes in the pattern of relations of production and the potential for conflict in fishermen community. Results of this study revealed that the mode of production changes fisherman resulted in a change in the social structure of fisherman community. The use of modern fishing fleet requires huge capital and skilled labor and specialized skills in production, it makes the group fisherman who have big capital are at the top of the social structure, as well for fishermen who have the skill and expertise will occupy a special position in the social structure of fisherman community. The study also revealed that after the change in the mode of production Sape Bugis fisherman community, fisherman production relations turn into relations of production which tends to be exploitative of the small fisherman. The change modes of production also has led to various potentials conflict in fisherman community. The potential conflicts which arise in the case of fisherman community in sea area Bugis Sape can be described in two domains potential conflict is the First, potential conflicts between the fishing fleet is generally caused due to the use of fishing grounds overlap between modern fishing fleet with a fleet of traditional fishing tools and differences fishing and production methods among local fisherman with outsiders. Second, potential conflicts in the pattern of production relations. Potential conflicts can occur between the owners of capital with the owner or the owner's fishing fleet with fleet of fishing boat workers who tend to exhibit a pattern of exploitative relations of the fishermen and fisherman workers. Reality experienced by small fisherman strengthened the argument of Marx explained that with the development of the capitalist mode of production will very much be a gap between the people who control capital and means of production with the workers. To avoid the negative impacts of fisheries modernization and change the scrolling mode of production in almost all fishing communities, it must be accompanied by the following measures: First, attention to the condition of social stratification
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Judul: 3D-CRT Technique Simulation Using the Monte Carlo EGSnrc Method on CT Fantom
Abstrak: 3D-CRT merupakan salah satu teknik radioterapi yang digunakan untuk meminimalisir efek samping dari radioterapi dengan cara melakukan penyinaran radiasi dari berbagai sudut. Simulasi teknik penyinaran 3D-CRT dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi dosis yang akan diterima oleh target sebelum diaplikasikan kepada pasien. Simulasi yang dilakukan menggunakan program EGSnrc berbasis monte carlo pada fantom homogen virtual dengan material PMMA yang bersumber dari data CT fantom ArcCheck. Berbagai sudut yang digunakan yaitu sudut 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180° dan 270° untuk mensimulasikan teknik penyinaran 3D-CRT. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan karakteristik distribusi dosis pada fantom bernilai maksimum di daerah sekitar permukaan. Penjumlahan distribusi dosis pada semua sudut menghasilkan dosis maksimum pada daerah isocenter. Hal ini sudah sesuai dengan tujuan dari teknik 3D-CRT. Perbandingan distribusi dosis antara hasil simulasi dan hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa distribusi dosis keduanya sama secara kualitatif., 3D-CRT is one of the radiotherapy techniques used to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy by delivering radiation from various angles. Simulation of the 3D-CRT technique was performed to determine the distribution dose received by the target before it was applied to the patient. Simulations were carried out using the Monte Carlo-based EGSnrc program on a virtual homogeneous phantom with PMMA material from ArcCheck phantom CT data. Simulation of the 3D-CRT technique using various angles, such as 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, and 270°. The simulation results show the proper distribution of the dose on the phantom in the area around the surface. The accumulation of distribution dose from all angles produces a maximum dose at the isocenter. This corresponds to the 3D-CRT technique. The comparison of simulation and experimental results shows that the distribution doses are qualitatively the same.
Keyword: 3D-CRT, CT phantom, Dose distribution, EGSnrc, Monte carlo method