Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The main objective of this study was to design an ecofarming model for sustainable farming system on upland agricultural landuse areas, both in Lembang, West Java and Dongko, East Java. The slopes of the land in both areas study were vary between 15%-45%. The first step of the study is aimed to analyze sustainability index of the research areas, using Multi Dimensional Scalling (MDS)-Rapfarm. For the second study, the dynamic system simulation is used as an approach to solve the complexity problem of upland agriculture which is threatened by erosion. The model was constructed by dominant variables as the result of leverage analysis and by five sub models analysis: LEISA (low external input for sustainable agriculture), sustainable agriculture practices, agribusiness-marketing, social capital and government rules. The result of the MDS analysis showed that sustainable multi-dimension index of Lembang district was 35,47 and Dongko district was 24,16. These values indicated that the environmental condition of both study areas were categorized as not sustainable. Estimation of actual erosion rate in Lembang was 147,29 ton/ha/year and in Dongko was 245,95 ton/ha/year. The results of each sub model revealed if LEISA sub model is being implemented, so that the farmers of Lembang district will get benefit from organic matter processing up to Rp 6.844.278.833/year on average, meanwhile the farmers of Dongko distric will get Rp,1.298.287.172/year approximately. The sustainable land management required an integrated management on land conservation, ideal ratio of perennial to annual vegetation as 25%:75%, and minimum livestock per acre for organic matter supply (8 cows/ha or 22 goats/ha). Alternative core-plasma cooperation between agro supplier and farmer is chosen to help the farmers in product marketing, as the market structure is olygopsony. The Government is required to provide more operational policies that clearly distinct the border of protected area and the area that used for agricultural activities such as farming and pasture. Social capital can be conducted by strengthen the local values as a basis for building component of trust, network relationship, and community co-operation. Thus, there were three recommended scenarios of eco-farming model created based on government decision, real condition in the field, and the limitation of community capabilities. Application of this model should be accompanied by an understanding of each sub-model that built the model, including a deep understanding on local values that applied in the communities.
Keyword: Ecofarming, Multi Dimensional Scalling, West Java, East Java

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Land usage in fhe upper catchment of Cikapundung is increasingly uncontrollable so that a lot of land usage disagree wifh the required conditions. The aim of this study wem: (I) evaluating the existing land usage to its land usage suitability; (2) cumpiIing sustainable Iand usage rnodel in the upper catchment; and (3) conducbng simulation based on land usage model which have been formulated to study the conservation expense, beneficial cmp type, and appmpriate conservation practice. 7??ere were t h m submodels made in this research (submodel of erosion using USLE and Arsyad, subrnw of nrnoff using Bransby and Wlliams, and s o d economic subMOdeI using BCratio and NPV). These submodels then integrated to become one model of land usage in the upper catchment using pmgramme package "Powersim vembn 2.5~". This model simulated by considering land suitability aspect to obtain sustainable land usage. Most of land usages in the upper catchment of Cikapundung (64,98 %) disagree with Iand condition. Model of Sustainable land usage can be used to depict system behaviour, because the model compiled from three subm&/s using equation which have been adapted with the condition of research area. Results of simulation indicated that, at present fanning in dry land area in the upper catchment still profit because its BC-mfio 333; nun irigafed field or dry land can be farm sustainably if as minimum as 10 % of the net income used for conservation practices; potato, pepper and chickpea represent most beneficial vegetable crops if as minimum as 5 % ftom the net income used for the conservation praekes. An apprvpriate conservafion pracfioe was credit terrace, because it can be consfructed by famr sfep by sfep while soil tiiiage so that fhe land can be used sustainably.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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