Judul: Effectivity of Bajakah Kalalawit (Uncaria  gambir Roxb) Stem Decoct as Antidiarrhea on Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan pada manusia maupun hewan. Tanaman bajakah kalalawit sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengatasi penyakit namun belum ada penelitian mengenai efektivitasnya sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas antidiare dari batang bajakah kalalawit dengan metode proteksi intestinal dan menentukan konsentrasi yang paling efektif. Mencit sebanyak 25 ekor dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan: kelompok kontrol negatif (tanpa terapi), kontrol positif (loperamide HCl), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan dekok batang bajakah kalalawit dengan konsentrasi 100%, 50%, dan 25%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi hasil fitokimia, dan pengujian pada mencit. Parameter pengujian pada mencit yaitu frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, onset diare, durasi diare, dan waktu persembuhan. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin pada batang bajakah kalalawit. Konsentrasi 100% memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan frekuensi defekasi dan efektif dalam menekan onset diare. Konsentrasi 50% hanya memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan frekuensi defekasi. Sedangkan konsentrasi 25% memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan frekuensi defekasi, memperbaiki konsistensi feses, mempersingkat durasi diare, dan mempercepat waktu persembuhan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, konsentrasi 25% merupakan konsentrasi yang paling efektif sebagai antidiare pada mencit., Diarrhea is a health problem in humans and animals. The bajakah kalalawit plant is often used as a traditional medicine to treat disease, but there has been no research on its effectiveness as an antidiarrhea. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal effectiveness of bajakah kalalawit stems using the intestinal protection method and determine the most effective concentration. Twenty-five mice were divided into five treatment groups: negative control group (no therapy), positive control (loperamide HCl), and three groups treated with bajakah kalalawit stem decoction with concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25%. The parameters observed included phytochemical results and tests on mice. The test parameters in mice are defecation frequency, stool consistency, onset of diarrhea, duration of diarrhea, and recovery time. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that there were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the bajakah kalalawit stems. The 100% concentration has the ability to reduce the frequency of defecation and is effective in suppressing the onset of diarrhea. The 50% concentration only has the ability to reduce defecation frequency. Meanwhile, the 25% concentration has the ability to reduce the frequency of defecation, improve stool consistency, shorten the duration of diarrhea, and speed up healing time. Based on these results, the 25% concentration is the most effective concentration as an antidiarrhea in mice.
Keyword: antidiare, proteksi intestinal, bajakah kalalawit, dekok

Judul: Effectiveness of Bajakah Ji Xue Teng (Spatholobus suberectus Dunn) Decoction as an Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Tanaman bajakah ji xue teng telah banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengatasi penyakit selama hampir 1000 tahun. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas antidiare dekok bajakah ji xue teng menggunakan metode proteksi intestinal serta menentukan konsentrasi yang efektif pada mencit. Mencit dibagi menjadi lima kelompok yang terdiri atas kelompok kontrol positif (loperamid HCl), negatif (tween 80 [1%]), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan dekok bajakah ji xue teng dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (25, 50, dan 100%). Parameter yang diujikan dalam penelitian ini adalah konsistensi feses, frekuensi feses, dan durasi defekasi. Hasil skrining fitokima menunjukkan bahwa terdapat kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang ada pada tanaman bajakah yaitu saponin, flavonoid, fenolik, dan tanin. Hasil pengujian proteksi intestinal menunjukkan dekok bajakah ji xue teng memiliki efek antidiare dengan hasil paling baik ditunjukkan pada kelompok konsentrasi bajakah ji xue teng 50%., The Bajakah Ji Xue Teng plant has been widely used in traditional medicine to treat diseases for nearly 1,000 years. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal effectiveness of Bajakah Ji Xue Teng decoction using the intestinal protection method and to identify the effective concentration in mice. Mice were divided into five groups: a positive control group (loperamide HCl), a negative control group (tween 80 [1%]), and three treatment groups with Bajakah Ji Xue Teng decoction at varying concentrations (25, 50, and 100%). The parameters tested in this study were stool consistency, stool frequency, and defecation duration. Phytochemical screening results indicated the presence of secondary metabolite compounds in the Bajakah plant, such as saponins, flavonoids, phenolics, and tannins. The results of intestinal protection testing showed that the decoction of bajakah ji xue teng has antidiarrheal effects, with the best results observed in the group with a 50% concentration of bajakah ji xue teng.
Keyword: kayu bajakah tampala, dekok, antidiarrhea, decoction, intestinal protection, mice

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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