Judul: Effectiveness of Cogongrass Extract (Imperata cylindrica) to Potassium and Sodium Levels in Male Rats Urine
Abstrak: Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica) merupakan tanaman yang berkhasiat sebagai obat tradisional yang banyak digunakan di masyarakat. Penggunaan ekstrak alang-alang diketahui dapat menyebabkan gangguan keseimbangan cairan dan elektrolit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh efektivitas pemberian ekstrak alang-alang terhadap kadar natrium dan kalium pada urin tikus jantan. Sebanyak 18 ekor tikus putih jantan, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok uji yang diberikan pemberian akuades, ekstrak alang-alang dosis 100 mg/kg BB, dan ekstrak alang- alang dosis 300 mg/kg BB. Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan dengan metode pencekokkan, dengan volume pemberian 2 mL. Kadar natrium dan kalium pada urin diuji dengan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Data yang diperoleh berupa nilai kadar mineral, pH, Indeks Aktivitas Diuretik (IAD) serta total volume pada urin. Alang-alang dosis 300 mg/kg BB memberikan efek keseimbangan mineral tubuh baik sama seperti kondisi normal tubuh dibandingkan alang-alang dosis 100 mg/kg BB. Pemberian kedua dosis menunjukkan bahwa esktrak alang-alang menyebabkan pH urin menjadi asam. Ekstrak alang-alang secara keseluruhan diketahui dapat menyebabkan peningkatan ekskresi ion natrium dan kalium di dalam urin serta penurunan pH dengan aktivitas diuretik lemah ke sedang. Pemberian ekstrak alang-alang dengan dosis yang tidak tepat berpotensi menyebabkan hiponatremia dan hipokalemia, yang dapat mempengaruhi keseimbangan elektrolit dan fungsi jantung., Cogongrass (Imperata cylindrica) is a plant known for its traditional medicinal properties widely used in communities. The use of cogongrass extract is known to disrupt fluid and electrolyte balance. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of cogongrass extract on the sodium and potassium levels in the urine of male rats. A total of 18 white male rats were divided into 3 test groups: given distilled water, cogongrass extract at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (BW), and cogongrass extract at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW. The extract was administered by gavage, with a volume of 2 mL. Sodium and potassium levels in the urine were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). The obtained data included values of mineral levels, pH, Diuretic Activity Index (DAI), and total urine volume. Alang-alang at a dose of 300 mg/kg BW provided a good effect on body mineral balance, similar to the normal body condition, compared to alang-alang at a dose of 100 mg/kg BW. Administration of both doses showed that alang-alang extract caused urine pH to become acidic. Overall, cogongrass extract is known to increase the excretion of sodium and potassium ions in urine and decrease pH with weak to moderate diuretic activity. Improper dosing of alang-alang extract can potentially cause hyponatremia and hypokalemia, which can affect electrolyte balance and heart function.
Keyword: ekstrak alang-alang, kalium, natrium, pH, aktivitas diuretik, cogongrass extract, pottasium, sodium, pH, diuretic activity

Judul: Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Alpukat dan Akar Alang-alang pada Kadar Ureum dan Kreatinin Tikus Model Nefrolitiasis
Abstrak: Alpukat dan alang-alang merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung flavonoid, yang secara emipiris mampu mengatasi masalah nefrolitiasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak daun alpukat dan akar alang-alang pada kadar ureum dan kreatinin tikus yang diinduksi etilen glikol dan amonium klorida. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague-Dawley, dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu normal (A), negatif (B), positif (C), kombinasi 1 (D), dan kombinasi 2 (E). Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada hari ke-14 dan hari ke-28. Kadar ureum dan kreatinin diperiksa dengan alat Semi Auto Chemistry Analyzer Mindray-BA-88A. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar ureum kelompok kombinasi 1 lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif pada hari ke-28, sementara kadar kreatinin kelompok kombinasi 1 memiliki nilai yang rendah dan tidak berbeda nyata pada hari ke-14 dan ke-28. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan pemberian kombinasi 1 merupakan dosis terbaik pada penelitian ini dalam menurunkan kadar ureum dan mempertahankan kadar kreatinin pada tikus model nefrolitiasis., Avocado and reeds are herbal plants containing flavonoids, which can treat nephrolithiasis. This study examines the combination effect of avocado leaf extract and reed roots on urea and creatinine levels in rats induced by ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride. In this study, used 25 male white rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into 5 treatment groups, normal (A), negative (B), positive (C), combination 1 (D), and combination 2 (E). Blood sampling was conducted on the 14th and 28th day and checked using a Mindray-BA-88A Semi Auto Chemistry Analyzer machine. The results showed that the urea level in combination group 1 was lower (p<0.05) compared to the negative group on day 28th, while the creatinine level in combination group 1 had a low value and was not significantly different on 14th and 28th day. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that giving combination 1 is the best dose in this study in reducing urea levels and maintaining creatinine levels in nephrolithiasis model mice.
Keyword: antinephrolithiasis, reed roots extract, avocado leaf extract, creatinine levels, urea levels

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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