Judul: Aktivitas antimikroba bumbu segar masakan tradisional Indonesia terhadap mikroba patogen dan perusak makanan
Abstrak: Untuk menghasilkan makanan yang siap dikonsumsi, selain dilakukan berbagai proses pengolahan terhadap bahan pangan, biasanya dilakukan juga penambahan berbagai jenis bumbu. Fungsi penambahan bumbu tersebut terutama untuk menghasilkan citarasa tertentu yang diinginkan dalam makanan, dan ternyata bumbu-bumbu tersebut juga mempengaruhi daya awet suatu masakan. Ada beberapa jenis masakan tradisional Indonesia yang dikenal bersifat awet, antara lain ayam goreng, gulai, kari, opor, rawon dan rendang. Bumbu- bumbu masakan tersebut, selain terdiri dari berbagai bahan yang berfungsi sebagai penyedap rasa dan pengawet seperti garam dan gula, juga terdiri dari berbagai jenis rempah-rempah. Sejak zaman dahulu, rempah-rempah diketahui mempunyai efek mengawetkan, misalnya dalam proses mumifikasi mayat (Siliker, 1980). Rempah-rempah tersebut mempunyai efek mengawetkan karena mengandung komponen yang bersifat antimikroba. Webb dan Tanner (1945) di dalam Natawirya (1987) menyatakan bahwa komponen yang aktif sebagai desinfektan (senyawa antimikroba) dalam rempah-rempah adalah minyak atsirinya.
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Judul: Aktivitas antimikroba dari beberapa jenis bumbu rawon terhadap mikroba patogen dan perusak makanan
Abstrak: Rcmpah-rcmpah sclain digunakan scbagai bumbu dikctahui juga 111c111pu11yai aktivitas antimikroba. Campuran rempah-rempah (bumbu) dalam kcadaan scgar tclah pula ditcliti dan tcrbukti cfcktif dalam mcnghambat pcrlumbuhan bcbcrapa jcnis bakteri enteropatogenik. Aktivitas antimikroba dari bumbu siap pakai setclah mengalami berbagai tahap proses persiapan belum pemah diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan membandingkan aktivitas antimikroba dari campuran rempah-rempah (bumbu) tradisional Indonesia seperti bumbu rawon, bumbu opor, bumbu gulai, bumbu kari, dan bumbu rendang yang lelah siap pakai (instan) terhadap 6 jenis mikroba patogen yaitu Salmonella typhimurium, Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, dan Listeria monocytogenes, serta 3 jenis mikroba perusak yaitu Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus jlavus, dan Penicillium sp. Dipelajari juga aktivitas antimikroba bumbu di dalam ekstrak daging sebagai model sistem makanan.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm