Judul: Effect of Spontaneous Fermentation On the Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Sorghum Flour (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and Its Application In Cookies.
Abstrak: The study aims to observe if sorghum grain spontaneous fermentation can affect physical and chemical characteristics of its flour. Sorghum grain was spontaneously fermented for 5 days. Samples were taken daily, and selected physical and chemical characteristics were studied. Results showed that sorgum spontaneous fermentation significantly (α<0.05) decreased water and ash content, but significantly (α<0.05) increased carbohidrat, starch, amylosa, and amylopectin content. Spontaneous fermentation tended to decrease protein and fat content but not significant. Spontaneous fermentation also significantly (α<0.05) increased yield of the flour and degree of flour whiteness. Fermented flour had significantly (α<0.05) lower water absorbancy capacity and oil absorbancy capacity than non fermented flour. Fermentation decreased gelatinization temperature and setback viscosity, but increased peak viscosity, breakdown viscosity, and diameter of starch granula. Fermented sorghum flour can substitute wheat flour up to 50% in cookies. Spontaneous fermentation also significantly (α<005) increased panelist preference for organoleptic characteristics (color, aroma, flavor, and texture) and decreased gritty texture of sorghum cookies.
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Judul: Karakterisasi Fisikokimia Tepung Sorgum Fermentasi dan Aplikasinya sebagai Bahan Substitusi Roti Tawar
Abstrak: Bread as an energy-producing food are widely consumed and generally made with wheat flour. Sorghum is local resources that can be used as a replacement or substitution of wheat flour to reduce dependence on imported wheat. The use of sorghum flour in bread making will give a sandy, dry, and hard crumb. This can be reduced through fermentation process in sorghum flour production. Research consists of production and characterization of sorghum flour, bread formulation, sensory testing, and physicochemical characterization of bread substituted. Sorghum flour made with two treatments that are non-fermented (NF) and fermented (F). Characterization of sorghum flour includes physical properties and chemical content. Bread made with six formulas that are NF 20%, NF 30%, NF 40%, F 20%, F 30%, and F 40% then evaluated in sensory testing to get the chosen formulas. Furthermore, that formulas was analyzed its physical properties and chemical content. Sorghum flour NF has yellowish-white, normal flavor, and texture rather coarse while sorghum flour F has dull brownish, sour flavor, and texture rather coarse. The water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber content of the sorghum flour NF in dry basis were respectively 10.11%; 1.28%; 7.50%; 4.62%; 76.50% and 2.91%, while sorghum flour F were respectively 10.19%; 0.94%; 7.95%, 4.86%; 76.06% and 2.65%. Based on the sensory test, bread substituted were chosen are NF 20% and F 30%. Results of physical analysis showed that the higher amount of substituted sorghum flour NF and F can decrease the proofing ratio, specific volume of dough and bread. Bread NF 20% (237.25 gf) has firmness value lower than bread F 30% (301.26 gf). Bread NF 20% containing water, ash, protein, fat, carbohydrate, and crude fiber (dry basis) were respectively 53.74%; 2.48%; 11.34%; 9.74%; 22.72% and 3.77%, while bread F 30% were respectively 52.06%; 2.44%; 12.05%; 9.80%; 23.66%, and 3.20%.
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Judul: Biologi Troides helena helena dan Troides helena hephaestus (Papilionidae) di Penangkaran
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan beriklim tropik dengan berbagai tipe habitat dan ekosistem. Kondisi alam Indonesia merupakan habitat yang cocok bagi berbagai fauna termasuk kupu-kupu. Diperkirakan sekitar 4 000 – 5 000 jenis kupu-kupu terdapat di Indonesia. Troides helena merupakan salah satu kupu-kupu yang memiliki kombinasi warna sayap indah dan berukuran besar, sehingga menarik perhatian kolektor kupu-kupu. T. helena termasuk satwa yang diperdagangkan dan telah memasukkan devisa dari subsektor kehutanan Indonesia. Untuk mencegah dari kepunahan karena eksploitasi yang berlebihan, maka pemerintah melindungi T. helena melalui PP No. 7 Tahun 1999. Semua genus Troides masuk dalam daftar Appendix II CITES, sehingga perdagangan jenis ini harus merupakan hasil budi daya di penangkaran.
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