Judul: In vitro Selection For Drought Resistance On Rice
Abstrak: The rice demand is recently increasing , on the other hand the production is decreasing. It is caused by the long dry season due to the seasonal change. In addition, a lot of productive land has changed into industrial and settlement which in return minimize the number of productive land. To overcome this 2 varients with high yield and drought-stress resistant as in IR 64 variety should be produced. In this attemt, mutative induction combined with in vim culture and in vitro selection on the Gajahmungkur, Topwuti and IR 64 variants has been conducted and has yielded several somaclones which show the genetic variation. Through evaluation and characterization for the drought resistant using PEG 20% (BM 6000), several somaclone assumed to be drught resistant have been obtained. Subsequently, to find , out the mechanisme of the respective genotype toward the drought stress resistance, root penetration and proline content analysis at the somaclone have been $ conducted. From the evaluation, 23 Gajah mungkur somacloncs, 9 Towuti somaclones and 13 Ir 64 somaclones have been obtained as the ones with the high proline content. The drought stress treatment to the assumed drought stress resistent it is obtained 9 somaclones from Towuti, 5 from Gajahmungkur and 8 from IR 64 with the better characteristics under drought test than that of the main plants. Shorter plant with more shoots are obtained from Gajahmungkur but the seeds ripe earlier. From Tohti variants, more shoots and higher plants along with the more grain are obtained. From variety of IR 64 , somaclone which can produces seeds during the drought is obtained, meanwhile this does not happen with the plant originated from seed. The plants resulted from the selection produce more qualified shoot and grain than that of the main plants.
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Judul: Morphological and physiological study for drought tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.) line
Abstrak: Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one important source of food, since rice is the staple food of the majority of the people in Indonesia. Increased demand for rice due to the rapid population growth was not met by the slower increase of rice production in Indonesia. Increasing rice production every years, can not compensate for the basic needs population in Indonesia. In addition, an increase in atmospheric temperature is expected to greatly affect of climate global world. Such as the possibility of increasing the frequency and level of drought, this situation can affects the growth and decline in rice production. Drought is a major constrain to increase rice production and it is more prominent with the atmospheric temperature and climate change. Selection for drought tolerant lines and understanding the tolerance mechanism were needed to develop drought tolerant rice variety. A research was conducted in the green house of Cikabayan, University Farm, IPB, during May to September 2010, aimed to study the morphological and physiological aspects related to drought tolerance in rice and to identify drought tolerant lines. A split-Plot Design in a randomized complete block design was applied to a pot experiment with two factor treatments of drought stresses as the main plots and rice lines as the suplots. The drought stress treatment were no drought P1 where the standing water was maintained at 2.5 cm depth and with drought stress P2 where irrigation to 2.5 cm water depth was applied when the soil water potential reaching ≤ - 32 kPa. The line treatments including 100 rice lines obtained from the Indonesian Center for Rice Research (ICRR). Ten rice seeds were sowed on the pots filled with soil media up to 4 cm below the top pot surface. Three healthy and uniform seedlings were maintained in each pots by discarding the others at 3 weeks after sowing. Fertilizers; Urea, TSP, and KCL, were applied rating (2.5 g/pot, respectively). Analysis for prolin and relative water content (RWC) in leaf were done in Molecular marker and Spectrophotometry UV-VIS laboratory, IPB. Analysis chlorophyll content and stomatal density in Micro technique laboratory, IPB. The results of this study indicated that in drought stress treatment, drought tolerant lines exhibit morphological characteristics of broader leaves, more tillers, shorter canopies, and heavier dry canopy weights; and physiological characteristics of higher relative water content (RWC) of leaves as well as higher content of prolin and chlorophyll b. Eighteen drought tolerant lines were identified based on less dry weight reduction by the drought treatment among which B11599D-TB-2-24, B11629C-MR-1-2-1, B11598C-TB-4-1-1 were the most tolerant.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii