Judul: Aplikasi Instrumen Multibeam Sonar dan Side Scan Sonar untuk Deteksi Kapal Karam (Contoh Studi Kapal Bahuga Jaya di Perairan Selat Sunda)
Abstrak: Multibeam Sonar and Side Scan Sonar are acoustic technologies that are used to detect underwater objects by using sound waves. This study aim to detect shipwreck Bahuga Jaya in waters bottom that crashed and sank on 26 September 2012. The instruments that used were Multibeam Sonar ELAC SEA BEAM 1050D and Side Scan Sonar EdgeTech 4200. Data processing using softwares CARIS HIPS & SIPS 6.1, MBSystem, Surfer and Sonar Web. Tidal type in the study area was mixed dual skew tide. Sound speed value ranges was between 1543.64 m/s - 1544.99 m/s. Bahuga Jaya wreck coordinate was at 05o52’44.53’’ S and 105o51’11.60’’ E. Water depths ranging is between 40 m to 150 m. From the point of collision, the vessel Bahuga Jaya moved 537 m far to the east away. Wreck dimension detected 90 m long and 14.8 m wide. Backscatter amplitude value of the wreck is is 717.25 mV showed the greatest value in comparison with the surrounding objects.
Keyword: amplitude backscatter, depth, Bahuga Jaya, Side Scan Sonar, Multibeam Sonar

Judul: Pencitraan dan Identifikasi Material Dasar Perairan dan Kapal Karam di Perairan Mempawah Menggunakan Instrumen Side Scan Sonar
Abstrak: Side Scan Sonar adalah instrumen yang dapat digunakan untuk melihat kenampakan permukaan dasar laut dalam bentuk 2 dimensi serta mengetahui informasi dasar perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan kenampakan dasar perairan dan mendeteksi objek serta mengetahui nilai hambur balik melalui analisa nilai amplitudo dengan metode Continuous Wavelet Transform. Data yang digunakan adalah hasil pendeteksian instrumen CM-2 C-Max Side Scan Sonar dengan frekuensi 325 kHz di Perairan Mempawah Kalimantan Barat dengan 4 jalur survei. Pengolahan data Side Scan Sonar meliputi koreksi geometrik dan radiometrik. Koreksi geometrik berfungsi untuk mengetahui dan menetapkan posisi objek sebenarnya dengan bottom tracking, slant range correction, dan layback correction. Koreksi radiometrik dilakukan untuk memperbaiki nilai piksel agar citra yang dihasilkan sesuai dengan objek sebenarnya meliputi Beam Angle Correction (BAC), Empirical Gain Normalization (EGN), Automatic Gain Control (AGC), dan Time Varying Gain (TVG). Pada riset ini ditemukan 2 objek kapal karam dengan nilai amplitudo kapal 1 sebesar 27152 - 32564 mV dan kapal 2 sebesar 24320 - 32522 mV. Rata rata nilai amplitudo dari sedimen berkisar 1408 - 14336 mV. Analisa Continuous Wavelet Transform menunjukan material dengan susunan kasar, keras, dan padat memiliki intensitas berwarna merah pada scalogram sedangkan material dengan susunan yang halus dan lunak akan menunjukan intensitas berwarna biru pada scalogram.
Keyword: Amplitudo, Continuous Wavelet Transform, Geometrik, Radiometrik, Side Scan Sonar., Geometrik, Radiometrik

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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