Judul: Development of rapid vigor testing method using urine sugar analysis paper for soybean (Glycine max L.)
Abstrak: Seed vigor is one of the seed parameters that determine the quality of seed for successful crop production. ISTA congress of 1995 adopted the definition of seed vigor as "the sum total of those properties of the seed which determine the level of activity and performance of the seed or seed lot during germination and seedling emergence". Seed deterioration resulting from production and storage factors is the major cause of the differences in seed vigor that results in low seedling emergence. This research was conducted from January 2021 to February 2022, intending to develop a rapid soybean vigor test using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper(USAP), and it was composed of three experiments. Twelve soybean seeds lots/ varieties were obtained from Indonesian Center for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resource Research and Development(ICABIOGRAD) used only for experiment 3. Experiment 1 was to determine seed moisture content and soaking period for USAP, whereas experiment 2 was to optimize the soaking period by seed number. Soybean seeds of the Biosoy1 variety consisted of three levels (low, medium, and high viability with 35%, 64%, and 94% germination percentages, respectively) were used for the first and second experiments. Experiment 3 was conducted for comparing USAP with other seed quality tests by analyzing correlation and regression by using twelve soybean seeds lots/ varieties. The first experiment determined moisture content and soaking period for the USAP seed vigor test. It was arranged in a completely randomized design with one factor as the combination of three seed lots, two levels of seed moisture content (10- 12% and 13-14%), and four levels of the soaking period (0, 6, 8, and 10 hours). The second experiment was the optimization of the soaking period by seed number. It was arranged in a completely randomized design with one factor: combinations of three seed lots, three levels of seed numbers (50, 75, and 100 seeds), and the soaking period (four levels as 0, 6, 8, and 10 hours). The data were analyzed statistically by the Minitab software. The result showed that both combinations of 10-12% and 13-14% moisture content with the soaking period of 10 hours effectively differentiated the three seed lots into two vigor levels using USAP. Experiment 2 optimized the soaking period from 10 hours to 8 hours using 100 seeds. The USAP test showed a high negative correlation with germination percentage (r = -0.95), vigor index (r = -0.98.), mean germination time (r = -0.96), radicle emergence (r = -0.94), and a high positive correlation with electrical conductivity (r =0.88).The USAP method was only successful in differentiating the low vigor seed lot from both medium and high vigor ones, mainly based on protein leakage concentration on USAP. However, USAP was not effective to differentiate soybean seed lots based on the leakage of sugar or pH color changes. The color changes from pale yellow-green for higher vigor seed lot to light greenish-blue for low vigor. The USAP was effective for the soybean vigor test for the seed lot with 10-14% moisture content by soaking 100 seeds into 50 ml of distilled water for 8 hours.
Keyword: seed leakage, seed lot, seed quality, seed vigor, soaking, USAP

Judul: Development of Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) Seed Viability Test Method using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP)
Abstrak: Kedelai (Glycine max (L.)) merupakan salah satu komoditas utama selain padi dan jagung di Indonesia. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam penyediaan benih kedelai bermutu adalah daya simpan benih kedelai yang pendek. Penelitian bertujuan mengembangkan metode uji vigor benih menggunakan urine sugar analysis paper (USAP) pada berbagai tingkat vigor benih kedelai yang diperoleh dari metode pengusangan cepat. Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) satu faktor dengan empat ulangan yang terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama adalah metode pengusangan cepat bersuhu 40 C dan RH 95%. Percobaan kedua adalah mengembangkan metode urine sugar analysis paper terhadap lot benih yang diperoleh dari pengusangan cepat dengan menentukan lama perendaman benih yang efisien dengan taraf 1, 3, dan 5 jam. Percobaan dilakukan terhadap dua varietas secara terpisah yaitu varietas Anjasmoro dan Gepak kuning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengusangan cepat dapat menurunkan vigor dan viabilitas benih kedelai. Pada varietas Anjasmoro, lama perendaman 5 jam merupakan metode efektif untuk pengujian kebocoran glukosa dan protein yang berkorelasi kuat dengan tolok ukur daya kerkecambah, kecepatan tumbuh, dan nilai daya hantar listrik. Pada varietas Gepak kuning, lama perendaman 1 jam merupakan metode efektif untuk pengujian kebocoran glukosa dan protein yang berkorelasi kuat dengan tolok ukur daya berkecambah dan nilai daya hantar listrik., Soybean (Glycine max (L.)) is one of the main commodities besides paddy and corn in Indonesia. The problem faced in providing good quality of soybean seeds is the short shelf life of soybean seeds. This research aims to develop a seed vigor test method using Urine Sugar Analysis Paper (USAP) at various levels of soybean seed vigor, that was obtained from the Accelerated Aging Method. The experimental design that used in this research was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) one factor with four replications consisting of two trials. The first experiment was the accelerated aging using the Accelerated Aging Method (AAM) at a temperature of 40 °C. The second experiment was to develop an Urine Sugar Analysis Paper method on seed lots that was obtained from accelerated aging by determining the efficient soaking time of seeds at levels of 1, 3, and 5 hours. Experiments were carried out on two varieties separately, namely Anjasmoro and Gepak kuning varieties. The results showed that accelerated aging could reduce the vigor and viability of soybean seeds. For the Anjasmoro variety, 5 hours of soaking time is an effective method for testing glucose and protein leakage which is strongly correlated with germination, growth seed, and electrical conductivity. For the Gepak kuning variety, 1 hour of soaking time is an effective method for testing glucose and protein leakage which is strongly correlated with germination and electrical conductivity.
Keyword: accelerated aging, vigor, correlation, glucose, protein, pH

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf