Judul: Fenomena Perburuan Rente dan Korupsi di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat, Sebelum dan Setelah Otonomi Daerah (Periode 1998 – 2012)
Abstrak: Rent seeking economy activity and corruption are problems that usually occur in developing countries. Rent seeking economy activity and corruption will impact on national budget that is allocated for society prosperous. Kuningan regency is a part of area in Indonesia as a developing country. Because of that, it becomes interesting to examine about rent seeking economy activity and corruption that occur in Kuningan regency. This research uses time range between 1998-2012 that compare the condition before and after autonomy. The methodology that is used in this research is data analytical and indepth interview that is presented in the descriptive qualitative methodology. The result of this research present that there are many cases of rent seeking economy activity and corruption occur in Kuningan regency. Rent seeking activity and corruption are occurred in procurement sector. There is difference pattern in the rent seeking economy activity, that use family relationship pattern before autonomy and reciprocate pattern after autonomy. Base on Indonesia‟s law, there are three kinds of corruption that usually occur in Kuningan regency. Because of that, it has to be a cooperation between government, institution that has competent in law, and society in Kuningan regency to solve rent seeking economy activity and corruption problems.
Keyword: autonomy., corruption, rent seeking economy activity

Judul: Potensi Tindakan Korupsi Pengelolaan Keuangan Desa Pada Eksperimen Berbasis Corrupt Simulator Di Kabupaten Kuningan.
Abstrak: Pemerintahan desa mempunyai peran strategis dalam mengurus dan mengatur masyarakat sesuai dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 6 Tahun 2014 tentang Desa. Namun pada penyelenggaraan pemerintahan desa masih ditemukan kendala khususnya dalam hal pengelolaan keuangan, sehingga memicu terjadinya penyimpangan berupa tindakan korupsi. Kabupaten Kuningan menjadi salah satu kabupaten dengan tingkat korupsi yang relatif kecil, namun menjadi perhatian publik karena memiliki sumber daya alam yang berpotensi besar untuk dikembangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi tingkat tindakan korupsi pada pengelolaan keuangan desa di Kabupaten Kuningan, mengidentifkasi dugaan motif tindakan korupsi kepala desa Kabupaten Kuningan dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi tindakan korupsi yang dilakukan oleh kepala desa. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode regresi logistik dengan pendekatan eksperimental ekonomi berbasis corrupt simulator. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, adanya potensi tindakan korupsi yang dilakukan oleh kepala desa namun dengan nilai relatif kecil. Tindakan korupsi yang dilakukan oleh kepala desa didominasi oleh motif keinginan (memperkaya diri). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kepala desa dalam melakukan tindakan korupsi yakni pengeluaran rumah tangga, kepemilikkan kendaraan pribadi dan Dana Desa.
Keyword: corrupt simulator, desa, korupsi

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable