Judul: Sifat Kimia dan Anatomi serta Pengaruhnya terhadap Kekuatan Tarik pada Lima Jenis Bambu
Abstrak: Bamboo is an alternative material of timber for building construction and furniture. It is due to some advantages, such as, fast growing, easy to process, high strength, and relatively cheap. The information of basic characteristic of bamboo is very important regarding to effective utilization of bamboo, This research aims to study the variation of tensile strength and its rellation on chemical cell well component of bamboos. Five bamboos species were subjected to analysis of its hollocellulose, cellulose, lignin, vascular bundles and tensile strength. Experiment sample were taken from internode and node of base, middle, and top section. The results showed that the tensile strength of bamboo was influenced by chemical components and vascular bundles. The high content of alpha-cellulose to holocelluose, and lignin contributed to high tensile strength of bamboo. Anatomically, type of vascular bundles and its proportion also has a positive effect to the strength of bamboo. Based on this research showed that betung, andong, and tali were good to be used for construction material
Keyword: tensile strength, anatomical bamboo, chemical properties, bamboo

Judul: The Strength of Betung Bamboo to Withstand Normal Force Compression and Tension
Abstrak: Bambu merupakan hasil hutan yang multiguna yaitu bahan baku mebel, kerajinan, alat musik, dan konstruksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur sifat mekanis bambu betung yaitu kekuatan tekan sejajar serat, tarik sejajar serat, dan tarik tegak lurus serat serta menganalisis nilai 5% batas bawahnya. Ukuran contoh uji dan pengujian sifat mekanis mengacu pada BS ISO 22157:2019. Pengujian tekan sejajar dan tarik tegak lurus serat menggunakan UTM SATEC/Baldwin sedangkan pengujian tarik sejajar serat menggunakan UTM Chun Yen. Analisis data menggunakan aplikasi Easyfit 5.5 untuk mendapatkan nilai 5% batas bawah tiap pengujian. Rata-rata kuat tekan sejajar serat yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 53,0 N/mm², sedangkan nilai rata-rata kuat tarik sejajar sebesar 109 N/mm². Rata-rata kuat tarik tegak lurus dengan ukuran lubang uji 25 dan 40 mm sebesar 2,53 dan 1,19 N/mm², sedangkan nilai rata-rata MOE tekan dan MOE tarik sejajar serat yaitu sebesar 2674 dan 9542 N/mm². Nilai 5% batas bawah untuk kuat tekan sejajar serat sebesar 38,1 N/mm², tarik sejajar serat sebesar 61,8 N/mm², sedangkan untuk kuat tarik tegak lurus sebesar 0,60 N/mm². Nilai 5% batas bawah kuat tarik tegak lurus yang lemah, membuat bambu tidak disarankan untuk dimanfaatkan ke arah tegak lurus seratnya. Nilai 5% batas bawah MOE tekan dan MOE sejajar serat yang diperoleh sebesar 1105 dan 6076 N/mm². Kata kunci: betung, kekuatan, tarik, tekan, nilai estimasi, Bamboo is multifunctional forest products such as furnitures, crafts, music instruments, and construction material. This research aims to determine the mechanical properties of betung bamboo, specifically, compression strength parallel to fiber, tension strength parallel and perpendicular to fiber, and its 5% exclusion limit value. The sample size and mechanical properties testing refers to BS ISO 22157:2019. Compression and tension strength parallel to fiber tested using UTM SATEC/Baldwin while tension strength perpendicular to fiber tested using UTM Chun Yen. Data analysis used Easyfit 5.5 to obtain 5% exclusion limit value of each test. The average value of compression strength and tension strength parallel to fiber were 53,0 N/mm² and 109 N/mm², respectively. The average value of tension strength perpendicular to fiber for 25 and 40 mm testing hole were 2,53 and 1,19 N/mm², while average MOE value of compression and tension strength parallel to fiber were 2674 and 9542 N/mm², respectively. The 5% exclusion limit value of compression strength parallel to fiber was 38,1 N/mm², tension strength parallel to fiber 61,8 N/mm², and 0,60 N/mm² for tension strength in perpendicular grain. The 5% exclusion limit value of tension strength in perpendicular grain was too weak, and it makes bamboo is not recommended to use at this property. The 5% exclusion limit MOE value of compression and tension strength in parallel grain were 1105 and 6076 N/mm², respectively. Keyword: betung, compression, estimate value, strength, tension
Keyword: betung, compression, estimate value, strength, tension

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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