Judul: Zygotic Embryo Growth of Arenga (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) Cikadu Accession on MS and Euwens Media with Auxin 2,4 D
Abstrak: Tanaman aren merupakan tanaman dari kelompok palmae dengan nama latin Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.. Penyediaan bibit aren secara konvensional sangat sulit dilakukan sebab adanya dormansi pada testa benih sehingga kultur jaringan menjadi solusi dalam mengatasi kendala penyediaan bibit unggul dalam peningkatan produktivitas aren. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan jenis media dan zat pengatur tumbuh 2,4 D yang dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan terbaik pada embrio zigotik aren secara in vitro. Sumber eksplan yang digunakan yaitu embrio zigotik dari eksplan yang telah ditanam pada media pra perlakuan. Penelitian ini disusun dalam Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu faktor pertama jenis media dasar yaitu MS (M1) dan Euwens (M2) dan faktor kedua yaitu konsentrasi 2,4 D terdiri atas 6 taraf yaitu 100 µM (T1), 120 µM (T2), 150 µM (T3), 175 µM (T4), picloram 100 µM (T5) dan 0 µM (T6). Terdapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan pada percobaan embrio berkecambah dan embrio belum berkecambah. Uji tetrazolium dilakukan untuk menganalisis kondisi embrio pada eksplan setelah dikulturkan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kultur embrio zigotik berkecambah belum diperoleh pertambahan jumlah akar, daun, maupun tunas. Kultur embrio zigotik selama 16 MSP secara visual menunjukkan persentase total eksplan hidup 97,65%, eksplan aseptik 75%, eksplan terkontaminasi sebesar 25% dan eksplan mati sebesar 2,34%. Persentase eksplan membentuk kalus maupun embrio zigotik sekunder sebesar 0%. Pengujian tetrazolium menunjukkan jumlah seluruh embrio yang masih hidup (kelas 1,2 dan 3) sebanyak 88,89%, dan terdapat 11,11% embrio mati (kelas 4). Media MS dan Euwens dengan penambahan 2.4 D tidak menunjukkan adanya pertumbuhan kalus dan tidak dapat membentuk embrio zigotik sekunder., The sugar palm plant is a plant from the palmae group with a Latin name Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr. Conventional supply of sugar palm seeds is very difficult because of the dormancy of the seed testa so that tissue culture is a solution in overcoming the problem of providing superior seeds in increasing sugar palm productivity. The aim of this study was to obtain the type of media and growth regulators 2,4 D which could produce the best growth in sugar palm zygotic embryos in vitro. The source of explants used was zygotic embryos from explants that had been planted on pre-treated media. This study was arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design with two factors: the first factor was the basic media type, namely MS (M1) and Euwens (M2) and the second factor was the concentration of 2.4 D consisting of 6 levels, namely 100 µM (T1), 120 µM (T2), 150 µM (T3), 175 µM (T4), and picloram with a concentration of 100 µM (T5) and 0 µM (T6). There were 12 treatment combinations in the embryo germination experiment and the zygotic embryo had not germinated. The tetrazolium test was performed to analyze the condition of the embryos on the explants after being cultured. The experimental results showed that the culture of germinating zygotic embryos had not resulted in an increase in the number of roots, leaves, or shoots. The zygotic embryo culture for 16 MSP (Week After Treatment) visually showed the total percentage of live explants 97.65%, 75% aseptic explants, 25% contaminated explants and
Keyword: aseptic explants, embryos aren, euwens and blake, secondary zygotic embryos, tetrazolium test

Judul: Induksi Embrio Globular pada Tanaman Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.)
Abstrak: Sugar palm is a monocot plant belong to the Arecaceae family economically valuable and have bright prospects to be developed for food products to bio-ethanol substituting fossil fuels. This plant is usually propagated generatively yet there are a few issues being faced such as a long reproductive cycle, long seed production and dormancy, low germination capacity, and uniform seedling growth. Non-conventional plant breeding through biotechnology is the best possible alternative solution to provide good quality seedlings in order to increase sugar palm productivity. Tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis method is a technique that can be used to induce abundant and relatively uniform somatic embryos from zygotic embryos. One of the key factors when using this method which is focused in this research is the role of plant growth regulators under the auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin groups. The objective of this study was to get the best media to produce somatic embryos from zygotic embryos of sugar palm. The obtained results are expected to be used for future sugar palm non-conventional breeding. This research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University from October 2012 to April 2013. It covers the embryogenic callus induction phase, globular embryo induction phase and globular embryos maturation phase. The first phase consisted six treatments with 2,4-D, NAA, and biotin combination aiming to induce callus formation from young zygotic embryos. In the second phase, callus obtained from the first phase were subcultured to 14 different treatments with various kinetin and TIBA combination. As for the third phase, explants which were obtained from the second phase were subcultured into media with or without GA3 combination. The variables which were observed were percentage and total sterile explants, percentage and total explants which induced callus formation, average percentage of callus coverage, percentage and total explants with base apocol smaller than haustorium, percentage and total pseudo roots, percentage and total explants which induced globular embryos, percentage and total alive and mature globular embryo clumps. Sterilization using NaOCl 1.575 % and alcohol 96 % was able to provide 50-85 % sterile explants. During callus induction phase, embryogenic callus were mostly formed at treatment A5 (MS + 3 mg l-1 2,4-D + 0.2 mg l-1 NAA + 100 mg l-1 biotin) which is 73.4 % after 8 weeks. All explants were able to form globular embryos on media B3 (callus A1 to media MS + 4 mg l-1 Kinetin), B6 (callus A1 to media MS + 1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 0.1 mg l-1 TIBA), B12 (callus A2 to media MS + 0.1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 1 mg l-1 TIBA), and B14 (callus A2 to media MS + 1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 1 mg l-1 TIBA) at 2 WAT during embryo globular induction phase. During embryo globular maturation phase, media C11 (globular embryo clumps B9 to media MS + 0.1 mg l-1 GA3) was able to induce 70.8 % mature globular embryo clumps.
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Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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