Judul: Survey Hama Pendatang Baru Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hempitera: Diaspididae) pada Tanaman Sikas di Bogor
Abstrak: Kutu aulacaspis sikas (KAS), Aulacaspis yasumatsui Takagi (Hemiptera: Diaspididae), pertama kali ditemukan di Bogor pada akhir tahun 2011, dan menyebabkan kerusakan berat pada Cycas revoluta. Serangan berat yang terusmenerus dapat menyebabkan kematian tanaman dalam rentang waktu 2-3 bulan.Pada keadaan serangan ringan, proporsi kutu betina lebih banyak daripada jantan. Musuh alami yang umum ditemukan adalah parasitoid Arrhenophagus chionaspidis Aurivillius (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) dan Signiphora bifasciata Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Signiphoridae). Peran A. chionaspidis dalam menekan populasi KAS diperkirakan sangat terbatas karena hanya memarasit kutu jantan,dan pada saat yang bersamaanS. bifasciatamenurunkan populasinya karena bersifat sebagai hiperparasitoid. Musuh alami lain yang ditemukan adalah kumbang predator Cybocephalus nipponicusEndrody-Younga (Coleoptera: Cybocephalidae). Hingga saat ini, A. yasumatsui ditemukan menginfestasi tanaman di beberapat tempat di Jawa Barat, DKI Jakarta, Banten, Jawa Tengah dan Sulawesi Utara. Upaya pencegahan perlu dilakukan agar hama ini tidak menyebar lebih luas ke wilayah lainnya Indonesia. Untuk menghambat perkembangan populasi KAS, pengendalian dini perlu dilakukan dengan menyikat atau memangkas daun yang terserang.
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Judul: Serangan Asphondylia sp(Diptera:Cecidomyiidae) pada pertanaman cabai keriting di Desa Tugu Selatan, Kecamatan Cisarua dan Desa Cibanteng, Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Hama puru Asphondylia sp. pada tanaman cabai merupakan hama yang relatif baru. Untuk itu dilakukan penelitian mengenai serangan hama puru ini di dua desa di daerah Cisarua dan Darmaga, Bogor yang meliputi keadaan luas serangan, intensitas serangan dan keberadaan parasitoidnya. Penelitian dilakukan baik di lapangan maupun di laboratorium sejak bulan Februari sampai dengan bulan Mei 2005. Luas serangan Asphondylia sp. di Desa Tugu Selatan berkisar antara 21 hingga 41% relatif lebih tinggi dari pada di Desa Cibanteng yang berkisar antara 11 hingga 37%. Intensitas serangan hama ini di Desa Tugu Selatan relatif lebih rendah (0,91% 3,97%) dari pada di Desa Cibanteng (0,69%- 7,49%). Parasitoid yang muncul dari Asphondylia sp. adalah dua spesies dari genus Sigmophora dari Famili Eulophidae dan satu spesies dari genus Erytoma dari Famili Erytomidae. Kedua famili ini termasuk ke dalam Ordo Hymenoptera. Parasitoid di Desa Tugu Selatan ditemukan lebih banyak daripada di Desa Cibanteng.
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Judul: Exergy Analysis of Membrane Utilization for Solution Separation in LiBr-H2O Absorbtion Refrigeration System
Abstrak: Absorbtion refrigeration system provides prominent advantages in tems of environmental impact and energy consumption. Absorbtion refrigeration system uses natural refrigerant, such as water, which gives no harm to the environment. In terms of energy consumption, it requires heat to regenerate refrigerant from its absorber and provide the refrigeration effect. This form of energy is preferred since heat can be supplied from various sources, including waste heat and renewable energy, and thermodynamically categorized as low quality energy. However, effectiveness of refrigerant regeneration could only be obtained if the temperature is high enough. In this study, the heat utilization in the regeneration process will be eliminated by introducing membranes for separating the refrigerant from the absorber. Specifically, the objectives of this research are to :1) to study the absorbtion mechanism of water vapor by LiBr-H2O solution in a controlled condition, 2) to study the regeneration process of LiBr-H2O using reverse osmosis (RO) membrane and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) when applied in LiBr-H2O absorbtion refrigeration system, 3) to perform the energy and exergy analysis in LiBr-H2O absorbtion refrigeration system using RO membrane. The membrane was used as a tool to separate the refrigerant from absorbent which performs as regeneration process in conventional absorbtion system. As separation component, RO membrane employs pressure to oppose the osmotic pressure and pass certain component through the pores. While, VMD employs vacuum pressure and thermal, so that the substance to be transported through the membrane is in form of vapor. The result shows that absorbtion rate of water vapor by LiBr-H2O solution was influenced by solution concentration, temperature, humidity and pressure. The highest absorbtion rate was 0.031 g/minute which was occurred at temperature 40°C, RH 70% and solution concentration 60%. Prediction model was developed to calculate the absorbtion parameter inspite of P-T-X diagram.The highest water vapor absorbtion in absorber using spiral wound module-based RO membrane occurred at initial concentration of 30%, wich is the highest concentration used in the experiment. Increasing of operation pressure during separation process will increase permeation flux but decrease rejection factor.Unexpectedly, permeate of the RO membrane still contain LiBr at concentration 7w/w %-9w/w%, which affect the achievable cooling temperature and cooling capacity. Optimization of regeneration using VMD was conducted with response surface methodology (RSM) and the result show that highest permeate flux (0.93 kg.m-2.s-1) can be achived at initial concentration of 47.5%, temperature of 80°C and flow rate of 1.9 L.min-1.COP obtained in absorbtion refrigeration system using RO membran with initial concentration 20% was in the range of 1.147-1.171. Exergy analysis shows that increasing pressure of RO membrane at concentration 20% increased the irreversibity.On the other hand, exergy analysis on VMD shows that higher concentration and temperature will increased irreversibility.
Keyword: refrigeration, absorbtion, reverse osmosis, vacuum membrane distillation, energy, exergy