Judul: Kadar NH3 dan Debu serta Produktivitas Ayam Petelur pada Suhu yang Berbeda dengan Sistem Litter dan Cage di Kandang Tertutup
Abstrak: Airquality by the presence of gases i.e. ammonia (NH3) and dust can influence the growth of poultry. This research aimed to study the effects of temperature and pen systems to the air quality such as ammonia concentration, dust, and layers productivity. A total of 72 layers of Lohmann strain (age 336 days) were used in this research. Data were analyzed byANOVA. This study showed that temperature, pen systems, and their interaction had no effect on ammonia, and PM2.5 as well as laying productivity except for feed intake. Pen systems affected the concentration TSP. Cage system resulted better productive performance.
Keyword: TSP, PM2.5, litter, cage, ammonia

Judul: Effect of Litter Type on Cage Air Quality and Broiler Chicken Performance
Abstrak: Kandang menggunakan sistem litter dengan bahan litter yang tidak baik dan manajemen pengelolaan litter yang tidak baik dapat berdampak buruk terhadap ayam. Penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan bahan litter terhadap kualitas udara dalam kandang dan kejadian penyakit saluran pernafasan pada ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 72 ekor DOC ayam broiler. Kandang yang digunakan sebanyak 9 petak dengan ukuran 1 m x 1 m untuk setiap petak. Kandang beralaskan bahan litter yang berbeda dengan ketebalan setiap perlakuan yaitu 5 cm. Perlakuan yang diberikan pada penelitian ini, yaitu P1 = litter dari sekam padi, P2 = litter dari pasir, dan P3 = litter dari daun alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica). Variabel yang diukur adalah suhu, kelembapan, kadar amonia, konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, penyakit CRD (Chronic respiratory disease), dan mortalitas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Penggunaan jenis liter yang berbeda berpengaruh menurunkan kadar amonia, meningkatkan bobot badan dan menurunkan dugaan penyakit saluran pernapasan CRD, namun tidak berpengaruh terhadap suhu, kelembapan, konsumsi pakan dan mortalitas. Perlakuan P2 (litter pasir) lebih baik dalam menurunkan kadar amonia 1,7±0,8 ppm, dan meningkatkan bobot badan 1932,5±10,7 g., A litter system stable with bad litter materials and poor litter management can harm broiler chickens. The study was conducted to evaluate the use of different litter on air quality in the stable and the incidence of respiratory disease in broiler chickens. This study used 90-day old chick (DOC) broilers. The stable consisted of 9 pens with a size of 2 m x 2 m for each pen. Stable used different litter materials with a thickness of 5 cm for each treatment. The treatments given in this study were P1 = rice husks litter, P2 = sand litter, and P3 = reed litter (Imperata cylindrica). The variables measured were temperature, humidity, ammonia levels, feed consumption, body weight, CRD (chronic respiratory disease), and mortality. The obtained data were analyzed using a completely randomized design. The use of different types of liters affected reducing ammonia levels, increasing body weight, and reducing CRD respiratory disease. However, it did not affect the temperature, humidity, feed consumption and mortality. Based on that, P2 (sand liter) is better in reducing ammonia levels by 1,7±0,8 ppm and increasing body weight by 1932,5±10,7 g.
Keyword: ammonia, Chronic Respiratory Disease, humidity, litter, temperature

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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