Judul: Analisis kinerja protokol destination-sequenced distance-vector (DSDV) pada jaringan wireless ad hoc
Abstrak: DSDV merupakan salah satu Proactive Routing Protocol yang membutuhkan setiap node untuk mengirimkan paket routing update ke seluruh node tetangganya secara periodik. Setiap node menyimpan tabel routing yang mengandung informasi yang dibutuhkan untuk sampai ke node tujuan. Penelitian ini melakukan simulasi menggunakan aplikasi Network Simulator 2 (NS-2) untuk menganalisis kinerja DSDV pada jaringan wireless ad hoc. Jaringan wireless ad hoc ialah jaringan yang beroperasi tanpa bantuan infrastruktur yang tetap yang umumnya tersedia di jaringan tempat node-node saling terhubung. Parameter kinerja yang dipakai untuk menganalisis hasil simulasi ialah packet delivery fraction, routing overhead, dan normalized routing load. Simulasi dibagi menjadi beberapa skenario untuk mengetahui pengaruh mobilitas node dan trafik terhadap kinerja DSDV. Skenarionya antara lain, selang kecepatan, pause time, jumlah node, luas area simulasi, ukuran paket data, jumlah koneksi maksimum, dan packet rate.
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Judul: Analisis kinerja protokol Routing Ad Hoc on demand distance vector pada topologi mesh, ring, tree, dan line pada jaringan wireless Ad Hoc
Abstrak: Wireless ad hoc network is a network that does not have a centralized administration in which each node in addition to acting as a host also acts as a router that forwards packets from one node to another node that is not within the direct reach of each other. Ad hoc on demand distance vector (AODV) routing protocol is one of the routing protocol that used specifically in this kind of environment. This research was performed using Network Simulator (NS-2) to analyze the performance of AODV routing protocol in wireless ad hoc network when used in different topology. The wireless ad hoc networks was formed by 25 wireless static nodes without any centralized administration. The number of traffic flow used in this research were 5, 10 15, and 20 flows. The size of packet generation rates were 0.1, 0.01, and 0.001 second. The observed parameters in this research were throughput, packet received ratio, delay and jitter. The result showed that AODV routing protocol has best performance when used in mesh topology, but in mesh topology the performance tends to decrease faster when the network traffic increased than when AODV routing protocol used in ring topology.
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Judul: Mercury Toxicity and It’s Effect on Histopathology Change of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Abstrak: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of fish species that oportunity to contaminated with mercury. The effects of pollutants can damage living organisms organs and can cause death. The effects caused mercury had acute or chronic character. The aims of this study are to determine threshold and acute toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), to assess the effect of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on several biometric parameters (survival, growth rate of average daily weighted, liver condition, bile and reproductive variability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), assess the level of damage to the histological structure of the gills, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure. This study was conducted from February to June 2013. Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study were female with average weight 20 grams or 11-13 cm length range. Toxicant materials used in this study was mercury chloride (HgCl2). Fish were reared in each aquarium 60x40x30 containing 48 liters of water. This study consists of three stages: a preliminary test, acute test, and sub-chronic test. To determine the changes in biometric condition of tilapia approximated by measuring the survival rate (SR), the growth rate of average daily weight , the content of mercury in the fish organs, hepatosomatic index (HSI), the relative bile volume (VER), gonadal soamtic index (IKG), fecundity and oocit diameter, tissue damage caused by mercury in fish organs by making histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The median lethal concentration (96 hr, LC50) of Mercury Chloride was calculated as 1,64 mgL--1.The survival rate was highest in the control treatment (46,67 %) . Mercury chloride with concentration 0.196 mgL--1 show significant effect to changes HSI and relative bile volume, and oocyte diameter of Nile tilapia (p < 0,05). Mercury chloride with a concentration of 0,164 mgL-1 and 0,196 mgL-1 have not a significant effect on the growth rate of weight, gonadal somatic index and fecundity of Nile tilapia (p > 0,05). Mercury chloride cause damage to gills (hyperplasia, hypertrophy, proliferation and neukrosis), liver (hyperplasia, hemorhage, shrinkage of hepatocytes, proliferation and neukrosis) and kidney (hyperplasia, hemorrhage, shrinkage of the glomerulus, proliferation and neukrosis).
Keyword: Nile tilapia, Hepatosomatic indexs (HSI), histopathology