Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Urea Dan Kapur Terhadap Komposisi Organisme Penyusun Klekap
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui respon organisme penyusun klekap terhadap perlakuan pemupukan urea dan Pengapuran. Selain itu jumlah individu dan suksesi komponen klekap pada setiap perlakuan, dibandingkan. Wadah yang digunakan berupa delapan buah kotak kayu berlapis plastik, yang digunakan untuk empat macam perlakuan dan dua ulangan. Keempat jenis perlakuan itu adalah, kontrol (C), pemupukan urea (P), pengapuran (K), dan gabungan antara pemupukan urea serta pengapuran (KP). Jumlah individu organisme penyusun klekap / gram klekap dihitung berdasarkan metode gambungan gravimetrik, volumetrik, dan penjumlahan. Sedangkan untuk membantu penarikan kesimpulan, digunakan analisa statistik rancangan acak lengkap, metode grafik lingkaran, dan metode grafik FRONTIER (1977). Dari empat macam perlakuan yang digunakan, hanya tiga perlakuan yang ditumbuhi klekap selama penelitian berlangsung. Ketiga macam perlakuan tersebut adalah, perlakuan P, K, dan KP.
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Judul: Peningkatan mutu nutrisi ampas serat kelapa sawit melalui perendaman pada larutan kapur (CaO) dan ureasi
Abstrak: Keterbatasan penyediaan lahan sebagai basis ekologi untuk mendukung produksi pakan, menimbulkan masalah bagi penyediaan pakan. Akibatnya penganekaragaman sumber daya pakan perlu ditingkatkan. Sumber daya pakan yang mempun- yai potensi besar adalah limbah pengolahan hasil perkebu- nan antara lain dari perkebunan kelapa sawit, yaitu ampas serat kelapa sawit. Berdasarkan beberapa penelitian, limbah ini dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi hijauan Kecernaan yang rendah dapat diatasi dengan percobaan berbagai pengolahan, seperti yang dilakukan dalam peneli- tian ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan dilaboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertani- an Bogor, pada bulan Juli 1993 sampai September 1993. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari sejauh mana efek perlakuan kapur (CaO) dan perlakuan Ureasi (penambahan urea) terhadap laju degradasi bahan kering, laju degradasi bahan organik dengan teknik in situ, koefisien cerna bahan kering dan bahan organik dengan teknik in vitro, serta analisa komponen dinding sel dengan metode Van Soest. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) 3x3 dengan tiga perlakuan (kontrol, kapur dan ureasi) dan tiga kali ulangan. Laju degradasi bahan kering dan bahan organik dengan teknik kantong nilon dihitung dengan persamaan Pt a+b (1 e-ct) Orskov et - al (1980) Perlakuan kapur dan ureasi menurunkan kadar NDF, ADF, dan lignin ampas serat kelapa sawit. Penurunan kadar NDF, ADF dan lignin ampas serat kelapa sawit perlakuan ureasi masing-masing sebesar 9,41%, 7,29% dan 22,36% sedangkan perlakuan kapur masing-masing sebesar 3,49%, 16,01% dan 24,14%. Perlakuan kapur dan Ureasi meningkatkan koefisien cerna bahan kering (P<0,01) dan degradasi efektif bahan kering (P<0,05) ampas serat kelapa sawit. Pengaruh perla- kuan kapur dan ureasi terhadap koefisen cerna bahan organik...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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