Judul: Ecosystem and community based model for zonation in Nino Konis Santana National Park, Timor-Leste
Abstrak: Nino Konis Santana National Park is the first national park that was declared by Timor-Leste Government on August 2008. Aims is to i) Protect and conserve nationally and globally important natural and cultural values, ii) Contribute to the achievement of sustainable livelihoods for local communities, iii) Establish the first protected area in Timor-Leste’s world-class protected area system, iv) Increase awareness of conservation and the sustainable management of biodiversity and natural resources, v) Ensure the active participation of and foster ownership by the communities in the protected area, and vi) Manage the NKSNP as an internationally recognized protected area where the traditional interactions of people and nature are maintained in a way that protects the environment.
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Judul: Management policy options of Danau Sentarum National Park West Kalimantan Province
Abstrak: Management of Danau Sentarum National Park (DSNP) is conducted through DSNP Unit. Until now, the management has not achieved the expected objectives, namely the preservation of the area and welfare of the community. This condition indicates the single management by the government is not able to achieve the management objectives. This study aims to formulate the policy options of DSNP management through economic, social and policy approaches, in order to obtain better policy options economically (knowledge of economy as well as benefits generated), socially (reducing conflicts, culturally appropriate), and policy (governance; efficient/effective, less cost). These goals will be achieved through several studies, namely: 1) suspecting benefits and total economic potential of DSNP; 3) analyzing the stakeholders in the management of DSNP; 3) outlining the government’s social capital and capabilities in the management of DSNP; and 4) analyzing policy of DSNP management. The research had been conducted in the area of DSNP in the West Kalimantan Province. The data was collected using the techniques of: 1) Document research, 2) interview, 3) direct observation. The number of community samples quota is 60 (sixty) households in each location (3 SPTN) which was determined by random sampling. To comply with information obtained from the respondents, interviews were conducted with key informants in each study site. As for other stakeholders, the interviews were carried out with a snowball method. The data were analyzed quantitatively (categorization) and qualitatively. There were many kind of benefits in DSNP with high economic value. The TEV of DSNP covers Rp 139 billion per year. This result when compared with the cost of managing DSNP that covered Rp 6.7 billion in 2010 shows that only 4.82 percent of the benefits generated. It means that DSNP as conservation area that have been considered as a cost center is not true. This potential economic value of DSNP could be real by implementing incentive mechanism in the management of DSNP, where for the current time the incentive mechanism that is likely to run is water for environmental service for households. Various benefits and the high economic value contained in DSNP attract various stakeholders to utilize and manage them. There are 18 (eighteen) stakeholders involved in the management of DSNP, consisting of government, community, Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) and research institution. Based on their influence and importance, the stakeholders serve as subjects, key players, context setter and crowd; and the relation among them is conflicts, complementary and cooperation. The existence of these various stakeholders brings along the consequence that the management conducted in DSNP needs to be changed from a single management by the government to management involving the stakeholders. The form of stakeholders’ involvement can be seen from social capital at the community level and capability of the government in managing DSNP. Social capital in the community within the area of DSNP which is assessed from trust, norms and social networks shows the strong/high of social capital of the community. Public trust to the role of community leaders in managing natural resources is very high, which indicates that more people obey what is commanded by their leader.
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Judul: Perbandingan algoritma message digest 5 (md5) dan secure hash algorithm 1 (Sha1) untuk autentikasi pesan
Abstrak: Seiring dengan meningkatnya penggunaan internet sebagai media pertukaran pesan, metode pengamanan pesan menjadi sangat penting. Nilai suatu pesan yang ingin dijaga keutuhan atau integritasnya menyebabkan pesan tersebut hanya boleh dimodifikasi oleh pihak yang berhak. Namun pada realitanya, pesan tersebut akan mendapat ancaman dari scorang penyusup. Bentuk ancaman terjadi apabila penyusup dengan suatu cara, dapat mengubah isi pesan tersebut untuk berbagai kepentingan. Apabila isi pesan telah berubah dari bentuk aslinya, maka pesan tersebut dikatakan sudah tidak autentik (asli) lagi. Suatu metode yang efektif untuk menguji keautentikan suatu pesan digunakan teknik kriptografi. Pada karya ilmiah ini akan dibahas algoritma Message Digest 5 (MD5) dan Secure Hash Algorithm (SHAI) untuk autentikasi pesan. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari cara kerja kedua algoritma tersebut, yaitu untuk memroses input sehingga dihasilkan message digest, dan kemudian membandingkan kedua algoritma tersebut ditinjau dari segi teori, keamanan atau daya tahan kedua algoritma tersebut terhadap attack, analisis algoritma dan hasil implementasi (kecepatan). Dari kedua algoritma tersebut dapat ditentukan algoritma terbaik dengan asumsi bahwa kedua algoritma tersebut dibandingkan menurut keamanannya Analisis terhadap algoritma MD5 dan SHA1 menunjukkan keduanya mempunyai kasus terburuk dari proses hash pesan adalah O(n). Proses operasi setiap blok 512 bit pada algoritma SHAI lebih banyak dibandingkan algoritma MD5, hal ini mempengaruhi kecepatan kedua algoritma tersebut. Dari hasil implementasi didapatkan bahwa algoritma MD5 lebih cepat dibandingkan SHA1. Dari segi keamanan, ditinjau dari panjang outputnya, algoritma SHA1 mempunyai panjang output 160 bit, sedangkan MD5 128 bit. Ini berarti, algoritma SHA1 akan lebih tahan terhadap brute force attack dan birthday attack jika dibandingkan dengan MD5. Ditinjau dari daya tahan algoritma terhadap attack, pada algoritma SHA1 tidak ditemukan attack lain yang dapat memecahkan algoritma tersebut, sedangkan pada algoritma MD5, ditemukan Boer-Boessalaers attack yang menunjukkan adanya pseudocollision pada fungsi kompresi MD5. Oleh karena itu, salah satu prinsip dasar perancangan algoritma hash yaitu collision resistance tidak terpenuhi. Walaupun, collision tersebut tidak terjadi pada algoritma MD5 secara keseluruhan, namun hal ini menunjukkan kelemahan pada fungsi kompresi MD5. Meskipun algoritma MD5 lebih cepat, namun algoritma SHA1 lebih aman. Untuk aplikasi yang membutuhkan collision resistant, algoritma SHA1 baik untuk digunakan.
Keyword: penggunaan internet, messages, algoritma Message Digest 5 (MD5), Secure Hash Algorithm (SHAI)