Judul: Perubahan Histomorfologis Testis dan Ginjal Tikus Model Diabetes Pascapencegahan dengan Ekstrak Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata).
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi perubahan gambaran histomorofologis testis dan ginjal tikus model diabetes pascapencegahan dengan ekstrak sambiloto infusum dan sokhletasi. Tikus model terdiri atas empat kelompok. Kelompok pertama adalah tikus kontrol, yaitu tidak diberikan perlakuan apapun. Kelompok kedua adalah tikus model diabetes, yaitu dengan injeksi streptozotosin (STZ) sebagai pemicu tejadinya hiperglikemik. Kelompok ketiga adalah tikus yang diberi pencegahan dengan ekstrak sambiloto infusum dan kelompok keempat adalah tikus yang diberi pencegahan ekstrak sambiloto sokhletasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 14 hari, lalu dilakukan nekropsi dengan mengambil organ testis dan ginjal yang diawetkan untuk pewarnaan Haematoxilin-Eosin. Hasil menunjukan penggunaan ekstrak sambiloto infusum dan sokhlet mengalami penurunan kadar glukosa darah,terutama pada ekstrak sambiloto infusum yang dapat menurunkan kadar glukosa hingga angka normal. Pencegahan ekstrak sambiloto infusum dan sokhletasi mampu mempertahankan keadaan sel-sel spermatogenik pada testis dan berkurangnya kejadian degenerasi, nekrosa serta endapan protein pada jaringan di korpuskulus renalis. Ekstrak sambiloto infusum lebih berpotensi dalam mencegah kasus diabetes mellitus dibandingkan dengan ekstrak sambiloto sokhletasi.
Keyword: diabetes mellitus, ekstak sambiloto, ginjal, testis

Judul: Potensi Sambiloto dalam Perbaikan Perubahan Histomorfologi Organ Urogenetal pada Tikus Diabetes
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to evaluate the histomorphological aspect of kidney, urinary bladder, testis, and epidydimis of diabetic model rats that were treated with Sambiloto extract. There were 24 male Spraque-Dawley rats, which were divided into 2 groups of models. Diabetic model group was been induced by Streptozotocin (40 mg/ kg BW) intra-peritonially, and a healthy group which received Phosphat Buffer Saline (PBS) pH 7.4 intra-peritonially. The both groups were treated with sambioto daily within 4 weeks and in the following week 3 rats of each group were sacrificed. Respectively in the same way of sacrifice method a sampling was done in every following week. A sample of kidney, urinary bladder, testis, and epidydimis was collected and preserved in 10 % Buffer Neutral Formalin (BNF) and it prepared for histological evaluation. Haematoxiline and Eosin staining was applied to the paraffin block tissue sections for microscopic analysis. Consider the presence of clinical symptoms such as poliuri, glucosuria, and proteinuria in diabetic case, therefore the evaluation focused in histomorfology changes that occur in the urogenital organ based on blood glucose value at the time of sacrifice. Diabetic rat models with both of low and high sugar level at the time of sacrifice was observed as a distinct group. The observation in the kidney, vesica urinary, testis and epididymis of non-diabetic group showed that consumption of sambiloto didn’t affected morphology of kidney, vesica urinary, testis and epididymis. The observations of kidney organs from diabetic rat models with high blood sugar level showed the degeneration, in the glomerulus and tubules can be found the sketch of necrosa and then in tubules also can be found protein sediment. The changes in vesica urinary lead to transitional epithelium degenaration. Observation on the testis organ resulted a decrease in the density of spermatogonia and spermatozoa in tubuli seminiferi. In the epididymis leads to a decrease of spermatozoa density. Evaluation of diabetic model which its blood sugar has decreased after the sambiloto consumption for one month showed a histomorfology improvement in some organs evaluated above until close to non-diabetic group. The result indicated that sambiloto has no harm effect on evaluated tissues of healthy model rats. On the diabetic model rat could be known that sambiloto has therapeutics effect in correlation of hypoglycemic and regenerating cells of evaluated tissues after 4 weeks daily treatment.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Sambiloto, Ginjal

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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