Judul: Aplikasi Surfaktan Sodium Lauril Eter Sulfat (SLES) dan Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) dalam Formulasi Sabun Cair
Abstrak: Surfactant is a surface active agent, which have application as clotting, wetting, and foaming agent, emulsifier, or adhesive mater component and already used widely on various industries. The world market demand for surfactant now is very large, especially for cleaning and washing. Sodium Lauryl Ether Sulfates (SLES) is an anionic surfactant that most widely being used for foaming and cleaning product but they have high irritation value. Therefore, that should be covered by combining them with the other mildness secondary surfactant. Alkyl Polyglycosides (APG) is surfactant that synthesized from fatty alcohol of coconut oil or palm oil and sago or cassava starch and can be used to secondary surfactant. The usage of liquid soap is still popular. Therefore, application of surfactant SLES and APG in liquid soap has opportunity to be developed in order to produce the better formulation of liquid soap than the previously formulation, This research purposes are to find out the best formula of liquid soap that used surfactant SLES and APG according to characteristic of liquid soap and acceptances of the consumer. The research started with characterization of SLES and APG and then the main research was formulation of liquid soap that used surfactant SLES and APG. The experiment design in liquid soap formulation was completely random design with 2 factors and twice of repetition. The research treatments were SLES concentrations (25%, 30%, and 35%) and APG concentrations (3%, 5%, and7%). After that, the product are examined for their characteristics include the pH value, density, microorganism soiled, viscosity, surface tension, interface tension, foam stability, and the detergency. The consumer acceptances examination contained of acceptances to color, odor, viscosity, foam quantity, and the trace after using. SLES and APG could be applied each as primary and secondary surfactant in liquid soap formulations. The variation of SLES and APG concentrations gave significant effect to liquid soap characterizations. The color of liquid soap products was brown, transparent, looked like the colors of APG. These products had neutral pH value (about 6,63-7,2), and these values appropriated with the quality standard of SNI 1996 (6-8). The density values were about 1,039-1,095 g/ml, and these values appropriated with the quality standard of SNI 1996 (1,00-1,10 g/ml). The soiled microorganisms were about 0-4,3x103 coloni/g, these values were still under the quality standard limit of SNI 1996 (1x105 coloni/g). The viscosity values were about 42,5-12.200 cP, according to Spiess (1996), the best viscosity values of liquid foaming product are about 400-4000 cP. The research products were able to reduced the water surface tension about 46,39-50,04% while the commercial products were able to reduce the water surface tension about 54,93% and 54,44%. The water:xylen interface were reduced about 55,99-60,04% by liquid soap addition while the commercial product were able to reduce the water:xylen interface tension about 68,31% and 64,79%. The foam stability values were about 57,85-75,19% while the commercial products had foam stability about 84,62% and 85,71%. The detergency values were about 27,5-41,5 ftu turbidity while the commercial products had a detergency about 182 and 184 ftu turbidity. The consumer acceptance values for the color of product
Keyword: 

Judul: Produksi surfaktan alkil poliglikosida (APG) dan aplikasinya pada sabun cuci tangan cair
Abstrak: Surfaktan (surface active agent) merupakan salah satu oleokimia turunan yang satu molekulnya memiliki gugus hidrofilik (bagian polar/yang suka air) dan gugus hidrofobik (non polar/yang suka akan minyak/lemak), sehingga dapat mempersatukan campuran yang terdiri dari air dan minyak. Bagian polar molekul surfaktan dapat bermuatan positif, negatif atau netral. Sifat rangkap ini yang menyebabkan surfaktan dapat diadsorbsi pada antar muka udara-air, minyak-air dan zat padat-air untuk membentuk lapisan tunggal. Gugus hidrofilik surfaktan berada pada fase air dan gugus hidrofobik ke udara dalam kontak dengan zat padat ataupun terendam dalam fase minyak. Umumnya bagian non polar (hidrofobik) adalah merupakan rantai alkil yang panjang, sementara bagian yang polar (hidrofilik) mengandung gugus hidroksil. Surfaktan merupakan senyawa aktif penurun tegangan permukaan yang pada umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan penggumpal, pembasah, pembusaan, emulsifier dan sebagai komponen bahan adhesif yang telah diaplikasikan secara luas pada berbagai industri seperti industri kosmetik, industri kimia, industri pertanian dan industri pangan. Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) merupakan salah satu jenis surfaktan nonionik yang biasa digunakan sebagai formulasi produk-produk personal care, kosmetik, pemucatan kain tekstil dan herbisida.
Keyword: 

Judul: Ekologi merak hijau jawa (Pavo muticus muticus) Linnaeus 1758 pada beberapa tipe habitat di Ujung Timur Penyebarannya Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak: Merak hijau jawa merupakan salah satu jenis burung yang dilindungi.di Indonesia berdasarkan SK Mentan No 66/Kpts/Um/2/1973 dan Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No 7 tahun 1999. Menurut ICBP (The International Council for Bird Preservation) merak hijau sebagai jenis burung yang tergolong terancam secara keseluruhan (globally threatened) baik populasi maupun habitatnya, sedangkan CITES mencantumkan merak hijau ke dalam Appendix II, merak hijau dari alam tidak bisa langsung diperdagangkan dan BirdLife International (2007) memasukkan golongan burung yang endangered. Tekanan terhadap populasi dan habitat merak hijau jawa sangat besar, sehingga kondisi populasinya menurun pada setiap penyebaran lokalnya, habitatnya terfragmentasi bahkan terisolasi. Tekanan terhadap populasi terutama karena perburuan liar. Namun demikian fakta menunjukan bahwa merak hijau jawa masih ada (exist), hal ini memberikan gambaran bahwa burung ini tentunya memiliki strategi ekologi tertentu untuk tetap bertahan hidup di alam pada berbagai tipe habitat.
Keyword: Pavo muticus muticus, Call count transect method, Pavo cristatus, Pavo muticus, Pavo muticus spicifer, Pavo muticus imperator, Pavo muticus muticus, Javan Green Peafowl, East Java