Judul: Efektivitas Penambahan Simplisia Daun Sirih Piper betle pada Pakan Ikan Patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus Terhadap Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Pangasiidae is a popular freshwater commodity that commonly infected by Motile Aeromonads Septicaemia (MAS). The purpose of this research was to evaluate of betel simplicia supplementation in Pangasius hypophthalmus in growth performance and non specific immune respons against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. The pre and postbacterial infection treatments containing different doses of betel 1.23, 2.44, 4.76, 9.09 and 16.67% (w/w) with one control for preinfection and two controls (positive and negative). The results showed that all the pre bacterial infection treatments did not affect the SR (Survival Rate), SGR (Specific Growth Rate), and FCR (Feed Convertion Rate) in fish. All of the treatments also did not affect the non specific immune whether in pre or postbacterial infection treatments but expected has a bactericidal activity because the survival rate of 16.67% betel feed treatment was not different compared to negative control. Based on histopathological, the Piper betle 16.67% resulted good effect in medication.
Keyword: Piper betle., pangasiidae, feed, Aeromonas hydrophila

Judul: Penambahan Tepung Daun Mengkudu Morinda citrifolia L. pada Pakan Ikan Patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus untuk Pencegahan Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Aeromonas hydrophila is a bacterial causing motile aeromonads septicaemia (MAS) that groaning of stripped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Flour of noni Morinda citrifolia L. leaves is a natural substance that contains flavonoids, anthraquinones, terpenoids, alkaloids, and saponins that have the potential as an antibacterial and immunostimulant. This research was aimed to determine the optimal dosage of flour of noni leaves for the prevention of Aeromonas hydrophila infection in stripped catfish. Stripped catfish was used in this research have the average body length 11.26±0.10 cm/fish and weight 12.39±0.49 g/fish which was fed with the mixture of flour of noni leaves at dosage 0%, 0.5%, 1%, and 2% during 14 days. Challenging test was carried out by intramuscularly injection of 0.1 mL Aeromonas hydrophila (107 CFU/mL) into the fish on 15th day and gave commercial feed until on 28th day. The treatment with dosage 0.5% gave survival 83.33±2.88 % which is higher than the positive control treatment had survival only 40±10.00%.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Pangasianodon hypophthalmus, Morinda citrifolia L, Aeromonas hydrophila

Judul: Kruskal Coordinates in 4+1 Dimensional Schwarzschild  Spacetime Geometry
Abstrak: Koordinat Kruskal adalah hasil ekstensi maksimal dari koordinatSchwarzschild yang menimbulkan interpretasi baru tentang keberadaan wormhole. Secara teori, wormhole adalah struktur yang menghubungkan dua titik berbeda dalam ruangwaktu. Namun, ukuran wormhole terlalu kecil untuk dapat dilalui dan tidak stabil sehingga mudah runtuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan solusi koordinat Kruskal untuk geometri Scwarzschild pada dimensi yang lebih tinggi yang dapat berguna untuk menganalisis kestabilan wormhole. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penambahan dimensi ruang dari 3+1 dimensi menjadi 4+1 dimensi untuk mendapatkan geometri Schwarzschild, koordinat Eddington-Finkelstein, dan koordinat Kruskal dengan memanfaatkan gerak radial foton. Hasil akhirnya, solusi geometri ruangwaktu Schwarzschild dalam koordinat Kruskal dapat dibentuk dan diilustrasikan dalam diagram Kruskal. Diagram tersebut menunjukan sebuah black hole, white hole, dan dua alam semesta yang dihubungkan oleh wormhole., The Kruskal coordinates are the maximal extension of the Schwarzschild coordinates which give rise to new interpretations of the existence of wormholes. In theory, a wormhole is a structure that connects two different points in spacetime. However, the size of the wormhole is too small to pass through and is unstable so that it collapses easily. This study aims to obtain Kruskal coordinate solutions for the Scwarzschild geometry in higher dimensions which can be useful for analyzing wormhole stability. This research was carried out by adding space from 3+1 dimensions to 4+1 dimensions to obtain Schwarzschild geometry, Eddington Finkelstein coordinates, and Kruskal coordinates by utilizing the radial motion of photons. The final result, the solution of the Schwarzschild spacetime geometry in Kruskal coordinates can be formed and illustrated in a Kruskal diagram. The diagram shows a black hole, a white hole, and the two universes connected by a wormhole.
Keyword: Schwarzschild geometry, Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates, Kruskal coordinates, radial motion of photons, wormhole