Judul: Model sediaan stokastik solar packed dealer nelayan di PPP Eretan Wetan, Indramayu
Abstrak: Permintaan bahan bakar yang cenderung mengalami peningkatan, menyebabkan Solar Packed Dealer Nelayan (SPDN) harus menyimpan persediaan bahan bakar minyak (BBM) guna mengantisipasi permintaan konsumen yang selalu berfluktuatif. Pengelolaaan persediaan BBM dalam kegiatan perikanan sangat diperlukan, karena dapat mengefisienkan biaya persediaan dan sekaligus akan memaksimumkan keuntungan usaha. vers Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Pantai (PPP) Eretan Wetan pada bulan April 2004 untuk survey awal dan dilanjutkan pada bulan Februari 2005. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam pengendalian sediaan kebutuhan bahan bakar kapal purse seine di Eretan Wetan adalah studi kasus dengan mempelajari mengenai pengendalian sediaan bahan bakar di Eretan Wetan. Hasil perhitungan dari kondisi aktual pada tahun 2004 diperoleh kuantitas pemesanannya sebesar 21.292 liter, 26 kali pemesanan dalam satu tahun dengan total biaya sebesar Rp 8.288.613,00. Analisis dengan model sediaan deterministik didapat kuantitas pemesanannya sebesar 46.946 liter, 12 kali pemesanan dalam satu tahun dengan total biaya Rp 6.235.806,00. Hasil analisis dengan model sediaan stokastik diperoleh kuantitas pemesanan bahan bakar optimal sebesar 46.860 liter, dengan 13 kali dengan total biaya sebesar Rp 6.627.781,00.
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Judul: Fuel Needs for Fishing Vessels at Palabuhanratu Nusantara Fishing Port
Abstrak: Fasilitas penyediaan Bahan Bakar Minyak (BBM) seperti Instalasi Bahan Bakar Minyak merupakan salah satu fasilitas fungsional pelabuhan perikanan. Namun nelayan masih kesulitan dalam mengakses BBM dengan harga normal dan stok yang tersedia tidak pasti. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi jenis dan menghitung jumlah BBM yang dibutuhkan kapal perikanan di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Palabuhanratu, mengidentifikasi jenis dan menghitung jumlah BBM yang disediakan penyalur BBM resmi, serta menentukan persediaan kebutuhan BBM dan merekomendasikan distribusi BBM yang baik bagi nelayan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis matematika sederhana. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nelayan PPN Palabuhanratu membutuhkan BBM jenis solar dan bensin. Kebutuhan solar subsidi oleh kapal ≤ 30 GT sebesar 533.398 liter selama satu tahun. Kebutuhan solar industri sebanyak 2.556.000 liter dalam setahun. BBM jenis bensin yang dibutuhkan sebesar 233.034 liter dalam setahun. Rekomendasi untuk pendistribusian BBM yang lebih baik adalah melakukan penyederhanaan administasi perikanan agar mudah dalam mengakses BBM subsidi (satu identitas multifungsi), menggunakan perhitungan hasil penelitian untuk referensi kuota BBM dan membuka informasi akses kuota ketersediaan BBM untuk sektor perikanan pada setiap tempat pengisian BBM di sekitar PPN Palabuhanratu, dan membuat mekanisme terstruktur dan pengawasan ketat untuk pembelian BBM subsidi dan non subsidi., Facilities for providing fuel, such as installation of fuel is one of the functional facilities of fishing ports. Fishermen still have difficulty in accessing fuel at normal prices and the available stock is uncertain. The purposes of this study are to identify the type and calculate the amount of fuel needed by fishing vessels at the NFP Palabuhanratu, identify the type and calculate the amount of fuel provided by official fuel distributors, and determine the supply of fuel needs and recommend a good distribution of fuel for fishermen in NFP Palabuhanratu. The analytical method used was descriptive analysis and simple mathematical analysis. The results showed that fishermen in NFP Palabuhanratu needed diesel and gasoline. The need for subsidized diesel by ships ≤ 30 GT were 533.398 liters a year. Industrial diesel needs as much as 2.556.000 liters in a year. The type of gasoline needed were 233.034 liters in a year. Recommendations for better fuel distribution are simplifying fisheries administration so that it is easy to access subsidized fuel (one multifunctional identity), using research results calculations to reference fuel quotas and opening information on fuel availability quota access for the fisheries sector at each official fuel distributors around NFP Palabuhanratu, and create a structured mechanism and strict supervision for the purchase of subsidized and non-subsidized fuel.
Keyword: fuel, gasoline, fishing vessels, NFP Palabuhanratu, diesel fuel

Judul: Categorization in Macaca fascicularis.
Abstrak: Categorization is an ability to group individuals or events into different classes mediated by conceptualized mental images. There are several levels of categorization and within a taxonomy the levels are nested. At the most concrete level of categorization, all or most members of the category shared common physical attributes that differ from other categories. The higher the level of category, the fewer common attributes between members of the group. In addition to humans, the ability to categorize has also been proposed in animals. One example of categorization in animal is species discrimination. Using matching-tosample task, present experiment tested ability of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in discriminating dichotomous-stimuli of different animals. The species has been shown to be able to see photos as representations of real object so I used facial photos of humans and animals for the stimuli. First, I tested their ability to classify humans and macaques into separate group. Second, I tested their ability to discriminate their conspecific from other macaques. And the last, I tested whether the subjects were able to discriminate non-human animals from humans. In all of these experiments I found that the subjects showed high performance in categorizing objects, even when I discarded details of visual informations, such as color and local shapes. The ability to identify objects with reduced representation of physical properties means the subjects were able to generalize attributes of members of the group. This would indicate that the subjects created a higher level abstraction. On the other hand, in discriminating intrageneric macaque species I found that they were able to extract uniqueness of each species. More over, I also found that the subjects were able to put photos of non-human animals that shared very few similarities in physical percepts into one group. I suggested that the subjects could create a more abstract concept based on non-percepts relations as a basis to put the objects into one category. Thus, I concluded that M. fascicularis were able to perform multiple levels of categorizations.
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