Judul: The Innovation of Adding Ethephon in the Processing of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) at a Miniplant Scale Palm Oil Mill
Abstrak: Pengolahan tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit menjadi minyak sawit dan produk turunannya biasanya dilakukan pada pabrik kelapa sawit (PKS). Pabrik kelapa sawit skala mini yang berkembang sudah ada yang mengolah buah kelapa sawit dalam bentuk brondolan menjadi crude palm oil (CPO). Akan tetapi tidak memperhatikan kualitas brondolan yang digunakan. Sehingga dibutuhkan teknologi proses miniplant sawit yang lebih efisien dan menghasilkan produk turunan yang sesuai dengan standar food grade. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengembangkan inovasi teknologi proses ekstraksi minyak sawit dari bahan baku sawit petani swadaya dalam miniplant yang feasible dengan penambahan ethephon pada proses pengolahan crude palm oil (CPO). Metode penelitian menggunakan kombinasi bentuk kualitatif sebagai data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi, wawancara, penelitian di laboratorium dan bentuk kuantitatif sebagai data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa pemberian solusi pendirian miniplant sawit dengan kapasitas 2 ton TBS/jam menghasilkan CPO sebanyak 440,68 kg. Analisis uji kualitas mutu CPO meliputi pengujian kadar asam lemak bebas, kadar air, kadar kotoran, dan beta karoten. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan konsentrasi ethephon sebesar 0,5% dengan waktu pemeraman selama 24 jam menjadi perlakuan terbaik dengan kadar asam lemak bebas 2,46%, kadar air 0,38%, dan kadar kotoran 0,058%., Processing of palm fresh fruit bunches (FFB) into palm oil and its derivative products is usually carried out at palm oil mills (PKS). There are already developing mini-scale palm oil mills that process oil palm fruit in the form of loose fruit into crude palm oil (CPO). However, do not pay attention to the quality of the loose used. Therefore, a more efficient palm oil miniplant process technology is needed and produces derivative products that comply with food grade standards. The research objectives aredevelop technological innovations in the process of extracting palm oil from independent smallholders' palm oil raw materials in miniplants that are feasible withn addition of ethephon to the processing crude palm oil (CPO). Research methodsusing a combination of qualitative forms as primary data obtained from observations, interview, research in the laboratoryand quantitative form as secondary data obtained through literature study. The results obtained are in the form of providing a solution for establishing an oil palm miniplant with a capacity of 2 ton TBS/o'clock generate CPO as much 440.68 kg. Analysis CPO quality test includes testing of free fatty acid content, water content, dirt content, and beta carotene. The results showed that the treatment with a concentration of 0.5% ethephon with a curing time of 24 hours was the best treatment with a free fatty acid content of 2.46%, a water content of 0.38%, and a dirt content of 0.058%.
Keyword: ethephon, palm oil, process technology

Judul: Inovasi Penggunaan Bahan Baku dan Teknologi Sterilizer Pengolahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) pada Pabrik Kelapa Sawit Skala Miniplant
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan penghasil kelapa sawit terbesar di dunia. Hasil pengolahan kelapa sawit berupa minyak sawit yang merupakan komoditas ekspor utama yang memiliki banyak manfaat serta berpotensi meningkatkan perekonomian Indonesia. Bahan baku yang digunakan untuk pengolahan kelapa sawit berupa tandan buah segar (TBS). Faktanya, buah yang terlepas dari tandan berpotensi sebagai bahan baku. Proses pengolahan kelapa sawit juga menjadi penentu keberhasilan proses untuk menghasilkan minyak sawit berkualitas. Tujuan penelitian adalah memanfaatkan buah brondolan sebagai bahan baku dan mengembangkan inovasi teknologi sterilisasi pengolahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO). Metode penelitian menggunakan kombinasi bentuk kualitatif sebagai data primer yang diperoleh dari hasil observasi dan wawancara dan bentuk kuantitatif sebagai data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui studi literatur. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa pemberian alternatif bahan baku yang potensial dalam pengolahan Crude Palm Oil (CPO) dan inovasi teknologi proses sterilisasi dengan melakukan penambahan air sebelum proses sterilisasi berlangsung serta menggunakan auger pada sterilizer untuk mempermudah proses pengeluaran bahan baku sehingga proses berjalan efektif dan efisien., Indonesia is the largest producer of palm oil in the world. Palm oil processing results in the form of palm oil which is the main export commodity that has many benefits and has the potential to improve the Indonesian economy. The raw material used for processing palm oil is in the form of fresh fruit bunches (FFB). In fact, the fruit that is separated from the bunch also has the potential as a raw material. The palm oil processing process is also a determinant of the success of the process to produce quality palm oil. The purpose of this research is to utilize loose fruit as raw material and to develop innovative processing sterilization technology innovations Crude Palm Oil (CPO). The research method uses a combination of qualitative forms as primary data obtained from observations and interviews and quantitative forms as secondary data obtained through literature studies. The results obtained are the provision of potential alternative raw materials in the processing of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and technological innovation of the sterilization process by adding water before the sterilization process takes place and using an auger on the sterilizer to facilitate the process of releasing raw materials so that the process runs effectively and efficiently.
Keyword: auger, process technology innovation, raw materials, sterilizer

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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