Judul: Coco Peat and Rice Straw, Recycled Polypropylene  Composite as an Alternative Material for Fishing Vessel
Abstrak: Peningkatan usaha perikanan tangkap memerlukan peningkatan dukungan alat dalam proses penangkapan, salah satunya adalah penambahan armada penangkapan ikan. Keberlangsungan dalam pembangunan armada penangkapan ikan dipengaruhi oleh ketersediaan bahan baku pembuatan kapal penangkapan ikan tradisional. Material yang umumnya digunakan untuk membuat kapal di antaranya kayu, aluminium, fiberglass, dan baja. Kayu merupakan salah satu bahan yang banyak digunakan oleh nelayan tradisional sebagai bahan utama pembuatan kapal. Namun, penggunaan material kayu dalam jumlah besar, dapat berakibat pada kerusakan lingkungan, dibuktikan dengan terjadinya deforestasi hutan. Material alternatif selain kayu untuk kapal penangkap ikan dapat berupa komposit plastik dan kayu atau serat alam. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengkaji kemampuan papan komposit berbahan dasar serbuk coco peat, jerami padi dan plastik propilena daur ulang sebagai bahan alternatif untuk kapal penangkapan ikan. Papan komposit berukuran 20 cm x 8 cm x 1 cm dengan target kerapatan 1 g/cm3 , dibuat dari campuran serbuk coco peat dan jerami padi, serta plastik polipropilena (PP) daur ulang sebagai matriks. Papan komposit dibuat dengan perbandingan 50:50 untuk coco peat: plastik (P1), 30:20:50 untuk coco peat: jerami padi : plastik (P2), 25:25:50 untuk coco peat: jerami padi : plastik (P3), 20:30:50 untuk coco peat: jerami padi : plastik (P4) dan 50:50 untuk jerami padi : plastik (P5). Pengempaan panas dilakukan pada suhu 190 0C dengan tekanan 10 N/mm2 , selama 10 menit. Karakteristik papan komposit yang dihasilkan dibandingkan dengan papan kayu Mahang (kayu K1) dan kayu Medang (kayu K2) yang umum digunakan pada pembangunan kapal penangkapan ikan tradisional, berdasarkan SNI 01-7210-2006 tentang jenis kayu untuk bangunan perkapalan Sifat mekanik papan komposit diuji berdasarkan kuat tarik (ASTM D638-03), kuat lentur (ASTM D790-03), dan kuat tekan (ASTM D695-15 yang dimodifikasi). Papan komposit P4 menunjukkan nilai kuat tekan (55 N/mm2 ) yang lebih baik dibandingkan papan kontrol K1 (46 N/mm2 ) maupun K2 (19 N/mm2 ). Hasil uji kuat lentur (flexural strength) menunjukkan bahwa papan komposit P4 memiliki kuat lentur (42 N/mm2 ) tertinggi dari semua papan komposit pada penelitian ini dan lebih baik dari papan kontrol K2 (32 N/mm2 )., The increasing fisheries capture requires increasing the support tools in the fishing process, one of them is increasing the number of fishing boats. Sustainability in the fishing boat construction is influenced by the availability of raw materials for the manufacture of traditional fishing boats. Materials that are generally used to make fishing boats include wood, aluminum, fiberglass, and steel. Wood is a material that is widely used by traditional fishermen as the main material for making fishing boats. However, the use of wood materials in large quantities can result in environmental damage. Evidenced by the occurrence of deforestation. Alternative materials other than wood for fishing boats can be a composite of plastic and wood or natural fibers. This study aimed to examine the ability of composite boards made from coco peat powder, rice straw, and recycled polypropylene plastic as an alternative material to replace materials of fishing boats. The composite board by dimension of 20 cm x 8 cm x 1 cm with a target density of 1 g/kg.cm3 , made from a mixture of coco
Keyword: Fishing boat, Composite, Coconut coir dust, Rice straw, Recycled polypropylene plastic

Judul: Life Cycle Inventory on Wood-based and Fiberglass-based Fishing Vessels
Abstrak: Pemerintah mengembangkan kapal fiberglass sebagai alternatif kapal kayu yang biasa digunakan nelayan. Seiring dengan target pembangunan berkelanjutan, selaku pengambil kebijakan pemerintah perlu tinjauan sustainability terhadap kedua material tersebut. Untuk itu, pemerintah perlu tinjauan studi terhadap dua material tersebut dalam perspektif life cycle. Salah satu tahapan penting dalam analisis life cycle adalah Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kapal perikanan berbahan dasar kayu dan berbahan dasar fiberglass berdasarkan tinjauan LCI. Pengumpulan data menggunakan metode wawancara dan studi literatur yang selanjutnya dianalisis secara deskriptif komparatif. Data yang diolah berupa proses dan biaya dari awal pembuatan kapal, perbaikan, perawatan, dan masa akhir pemakaian kapal serta siklus hidupnya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa input dan biaya yang dibutuhkan kapal kayu dalam satu tahun bernilai 841,18 kg material dan Rp10.327.500,00. Kapal fiberglass dan cetakannya bernilai 165,26 kg material dan Rp7.406.083,00. Dengan asumsi kedua kapal mengoperasikan alat tangkap payang di Palabuhanratu, diketahui input dan biaya yang dibutuhkan kapal kayu per hasil tangkapan dalam satu tahun sebesar 0,09 kg material/kg ikan dan Rp1.066,06/kg ikan. Sedangkan, kapal fiberglass dan cetakannya sebesar 0,02 kg material/kg ikan dan Rp764,532/kg ikan. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa kapal kayu membutuhkan lebih besar sumberdaya dari lingkungan dan biaya dari pada kapal fiberglass., The government is developing fiberglass boats as an alternative to wooden boats commonly used by fishers. Along with the target of sustainable development, the government, as a policy maker, needs to review the sustainability of these two materials. Accordingly, the government requires information regarding the review of those two materials from a life cycle perspective. One of the important stages in life cycle analysis is Life Cycle Inventory (LCI). This study aims to compare wooden and fiberglass fishing vessels based on LCI analysis. Data were collected through interviews and literature studies which were then analyzed comparatively. It incorporated construction processes and costs from the beginning of boat building, repair, maintenance, and the end of boat use and its life cycle. The results showed that the inputs and costs required by wooden boats in one year were 841.18 kg material and Rp10,327,500.00; while fiberglass boats were 165,26 kg material and Rp7.406.083,00. Assuming both boats operate payang (pelagic Danish seine) in Palabuhanratu, it is known that the inputs and costs required by wooden boats per catch in one year are 0.09 kg material/kg of fish and Rp1,066.06/kg of fish. Meanwhile, fiberglass boats are responsible for 0.02 kg material/kg of fish and Rp764,532/kg of fish. This study shows that wooden boat require more resources from the environment and costs than fiberglass boat.
Keyword: fiberglass, kapal perikanan, fishing vessels, kayu, wood, life cycle inventory

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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