Judul: Effect of Delignification Process of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches on Rumen Fermentation Profile
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi potensi Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit (TKKS) sebagai pakan ternak dengan dilakukan proses delignifikasi pada TKKS terhadap fermentasi rumen dengan teknik in vitro. Perlakuan terdiri atas P0 = TKKS murni; P1 = TKKS Delignifikasi. Parameter yang diuji adalah pH, konsentrasi amonia (NH3), volatile fatty acid (VFA) total, koefisien cerna bahan kering, koefisien cerna bahan organik, koefisien cerna serat kasar, produksi gas metan, kadar asam fulvat, dan jumLah populasi bakteri. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap koefisien cerna bahan kering, koefisien cerna bahan organik, derajat keasaman (pH), konsentrasi amonia (NH3), gas metan, dan jumLah populasi bakteri, tetapi perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap volatile fatty acid (VFA) total. Simpulan dari penelitian ini, penggunaan TKKS yang telah dilakukan proses delignifikasi dapat mempercepat proses fermentasi pada rumen dan meningkatkan produksi VFA, This reasearch aims to evaluate the potential of empty palm fruit bunches as animal feed by carrying out the delignification process, from empty oil palm bunches by rumen fermentation using in vitro techniques. The treatment consisted of P0 = Pure Empty Bunches of Palm Oil; P1 = Delignified Empty Bunches of Palm Oil. The parameters tested were rumen, pH, ammonia concentration (NH3), total volatile fatty acids (VFA), dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, methane gas production, fulvic acid content, and population of bacteria. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility rumen, pH, ammonia concentration (NH3), methane gas, and the number of bacterial populations. Treatments with significant effect (P<0.05) were shown for total volatile fatty acids (VFA). The conclusion from this research, the use of empty palm fruit bunches that have been delignified can accelerate the rumen fermentation process and increase VFA production.
Keyword: Delignifikasi, Delignification, empty bunches of palm oil, Tandan kosong kelapa sawit, in vitro, Fulvic acid, Asam fulvat

Judul: In Vitro Characteristics Feed Containing Sago Waste (Arenga pinnata) Fermented by White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan konsentrat berbasis ampas sagu aren fermentasi sebagai pengganti dedak padi terhadap fermentabilitas rumen, kecernaan, dan total populasi mikroba secara in vitro. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas ASAF0= Konsentrat dengan 0% Ampas Sagu Aren Fermentasi; ASAF10 = Konsentrat dengan 10% Ampas Sagu Aren Fermentasi; ASAF15 = Konsentrat dengan 15% Ampas Sagu Aren Fermentasi; ASAF20 = Konsentrat dengan 20% Ampas Sagu Aren Fermentasi. Parameter yang diuji adalah pH, konsentrasi amonia (NH3), total VFA, Kecernaan Bahan Kering, Kecernaan Bahan Organik, total populasi bakteri, total populasi protozoa, dan total produksi gas metana. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan perlakuan yang berbeda nyata akan diuji lanjut dengan Uji Duncan menggunakan software SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P, This study aimed to evaluate the use of fermented sago pith-based concentrate as a substitute for rice bran on rumen fermentability, digestibility, and total microbial population in vitro. The study consisted of 4 treatments with 4 replications. The treatments were ASAF0 = Concentrate with 0% Fermented Sago Pith; ASAF10 = Concentrate with 10% Fermented Sago Pith; ASAF15 = Concentrate with 15% Fermented Sago Pith; ASAF20 = Concentrate with 20% Fermented Sago Pith. The parameters tested were pH, ammonia concentration (NH3), total VFA, Dry Matter Digestibility, Organic Matter Digestibility, total bacterial population, total protozoal population, and total methane gas production. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and treatments that differed significantly were further tested with Duncan's Test using SPSS 23 software. The results showed that the treatments had no significant effect (P>0.05) on pH, total VFA, Dry Matter Digestibility, Organic Matter Digestibility, total bacterial population, and methane gas production. However, the treatments significantly increased (P<0.05) NH3 concentration and protozoa population. The conclusion of this study is that concentrate with fermented Sago Pith up to 20% usage level can replace rice bran, as indicated by no effect on rumen fermentability, digestibility, and total rumen microbial population.
Keyword: in vitro, rumen fermentability, Pleurotus ostreatus, fermented palm sago pulp

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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