Judul: Pengaruh pemberian antibiotika doksisiklin, enrofloksasin, tilmikosin secara oral terhadap kapasitas fagositosi sel fagosit peritoneum pada ayam broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari pemberian beberapa antibiotika pada kapasitas fagositosis sel fagosit peritoneum menggunakan hewan coba ayam broiler (strain Hybro). Empat puluh ekor ayam broiler berumur tiga minggu yang dibagi dalam lima kelompok diberi perlakuan yang berbeda menggunakan empat macam antibiotika (tilosin, tilmikosin, enrofloksasin dan doksisiklin) dan satu kontrol (non medicated control) selama lima hari berturut-turut. Hewan di uji tantang secara injeksi intraperitoneum menggunakan Staphylococcus aureus non protein-A 24 jam setelah perlakuan terakhir. Satu jam setelah uji tantang, dilakukan pemanenan sel fagosit peritoneum dengan cara membuka abdomen dan menyedot cairan peritoneum, difiksasi diatas gelas preparat menggunakan methanol, lalu dilakukan pewarnaan dengan Giemsa untuk melihat sel fagosit dan bakteri menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Penghitungan kapasitas fagositosis dilakukan dengan menghitung rata-rata jumlah bakteri yang difagosit oleh minimal 25 sel fagosit. Secara statistik kapasitas dari tiap-tiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Selang waktu antara uji tantang dengan waktu panen tampaknya mempengaruhi kapasitas fagositosis sel fagosit.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Antibiotika Tilmikosin, Tilosin, Enrofloksasin, Doksisiklin Secara Oral Terhadap Aktifitas Fagositosis Sel Fagosit Peritoneum Pada Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk melihat pengaruh pemberian antibiotika tilmikosin, tilosin, enrofloksasin dan doksisiklin secara oral terhadap aktifitas fagositosis sel fagosit peritoneum. Ayam diberi antibiotika secara oral selama 5 hari berturut-turut dengan antibiotika yang berbeda. Setelah 24 jam terakhir pemberian preparat antibiotika, ayam ditantang dengan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus non protein A pada rongga peritoneum dan satu jam kemudian dilakukan pemanenan sel fagosit peritoneum. Aktifitas fagositosis sel fagosit dihitung dengan persentase jumlah fagosit yang aktif memfagosit S. aureus dalam 100 sel fagosit yang ditemukan. Hasil yang ditunjukkan bahwa jumlah sel fagosit aktif mengalami peningkatan walaupun secara statistik tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05). Rata-rata persentase sel fagosit yang aktif bila dibandingkan antara perlakuan dengan kontrol dan antar perlakuan pada jantan dan betina, umumnya menunjukan hasil tidak berbeda nyata (P>0.05), kecuali pada pemberian antibiotika tilosin berbeda nyata (P<0.05) dibandingkan dengan kontrol.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite