Judul: Evaluasi Air Kelapa Hijau sebagai Rumen Modifier terhadap Fermentabilitas dan Kecernaan in vitro Ransum Domba
Abstrak: Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh prebiotik air kelapa hijau sebagai agen rumen modifier terhadap fermentabilitas dan kecernaan in vitro ransum domba. Perlakuan terdiri dari R0 = ransum kontrol (rumput lapang dan konsentrat, rasio 30%:70% BK, PK 18.24%, TDN 63.10%), R1 = R0 + 5% air kelapa hijau (AKH), R2 = R0 + 10% AKH, R3 = R0 + 15% AKH; AKH ditambahkan berdasarkan bobot ransum. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 kelompok berupa cairan rumen domba yang diambil dari tempat pemotongan hewan. Peubah yang diukur adalah konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA total, sintesis protein mikroba, degradabilitas bahan kering dan bahan organik (DBK dan DBO) dan koefisien cerna bahan kering dan bahan organik (KCBK dan KCBO). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata pada konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA total, sintesis protein mikroba, DBK dan DBO serta KCBK dan KCBO dengan penambahan prebiotik air kelapa hijau sebagai rumen modifier sampai dengan taraf 15% dalam ransum. Perlakuan penambahan prebiotik air kelapa hijau sebagai rumen modifier dengan taraf 5%, 10% dan 15% ke dalam ransum domba tidak mempengaruhi fermentabilitas dan kecernaan in vitro ransum domba.
Keyword: air kelapa hijau, fermentabilitas, kecernaan, prebiotik, rumen modifier

Judul: Pengaruh Air Kelapa Hijau sebagai Agen Rumen Modifier terhadap Populasi dan Aktivitas Enzim Mikroba Rumen
Abstrak: Air kelapa hijau (AKH) mengandung berbagai gula sederhana (glukosa, fruktosa dan sukrosa), vitamin dan mineral yang bermanfaat bagi tubuh ternak dan mikroba rumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh AKH sebagai agen rumen modifier terhadap populasi dan aktivitas enzim mikroba rumen menggunakan metode in vitro. Perlakuan yang diterapkan antara lain R0 = ransum kontrol yang terdiri dari rumput lapang dan konsentrat (rasio 30%:70%) dengan kandungan 63.10% TDN dan 18.24% PK tanpa penambahan AKH, R1 = R0 + 5% AKH, R2 = R0 + 10% AKH, R3 = R0 + 15% AKH. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan empat kelompok cairan rumen domba dari tempat pemotongan hewan (TPH). Peubah yang diamati meliputi populasi protozoa, populasi bakteri rumen dan aktivitas enzim. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan penambahan AKH berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) menurunkan populasi protozoa dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim protease, namun belum terlihat pengaruhnya terhadap populasi bakteri total, amilolitik, selulolitik, lipolitik, proteolitik dan bakteri asam laktat, dan aktivitas enzim amilase, selulase dan protease. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan AKH sebagai agen rumen modifier memiliki pengaruh untuk menurunkan populasi protozoa dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim protease.
Keyword: air kelapa hijau, aktivitas enzim, bakteri, cairan rumen, protozoa

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite