Judul: Suatu Studi Pendahuluan tentang Hubungan antara Behaviour Tuna dan Skipjack dengan Fishing Teknik dan Fishing Taktik
Abstrak: Tuna an skipjack mempunyai kebiasaan makan secara aktif pada pagi hari, berkurang keaktifannya sekitar tengah hari dan hampit tidak makan sama sekali sepanjang hari. Makanan utamanya adalah ikan, crustacea dan cephalods. Mereka membentuk shoaling untuk menghindarkan diri dari predator, mencari makan, memijah dan bermigrasi. Pola migrasi tuna dan skipjack ada dua macam, yaitu "migrasi antar habitat" dan "migrasi dalam habitat". Yang pertama disebabkan karena perubahan tingkat ekologinya dan ynag kedua disebabkan karena perubahan yang terjadi dalam habitatnya.
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Judul: Kebiasaan Makan Ikan Tuna (Thunnus sp.) Terkait dengan Proses Penangkapan pada Rawai Tuna di Samudera Hindia
Abstrak: Information about fish behavior can be used to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of tuna fishing. One of fish behaviors that can be learned is feeding habits. The objective of this study is to examine feeding time and organism that commonly eaten by tuna in the Indian Ocean at position between 120 - 140 S and 1150 - 1200 E. The analysis was performed by observing stomach content of tuna. There were 19 bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus), 6 yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), and 6 southern bluefin tuna (Thunnus maccoyii) samples to be analyzed. The calculation of stomach fullness index and index of preponderance showed that the optimum feeding time of three tuna species range from 01.00 pm to 08.00 pm of local time. The prey of tuna was snake mackerel (Gempylus serpens), squid (Loligo sp.) and pomfret (Taractichtys sp). Snake mackerel, pomfret and squid have a bright color therefore it might be tuna use the sense of sight to find their food.
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Judul: Efforts to Control and Prevent Pathogenic Infection of Multi-Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clone Using Alcohol-Base Hand Rub.
Abstrak: The pandemic that is occurring caused both by COVID-19 (currently occurring) as well as the clone of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the previous period has really threatened human life. This condition requires materials that can break the chain of transmission from human to human and from the environment to human. An alcohol-based antiseptic (hand rub/hand sanitizer) often contains ethanol, isopropanol or n-propanol, or a combination of two of these types. Alcohol has an excellent germicidal activity in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative vegetative bacteria (including multidrug-resistant pathogens such as MRSA and VRE) as well as viruses. Hand rub/hand sanitizer products are declared good if they have formulation stability, no irritation effect when they are used and are able to kill pathogens more than 90%. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of alcohol-based hand rub with WHO-based-standard formulation based on the stability of the formulation, the risk of irritation and the ability to kill bacteria. Hand rub/hand sanitizer was made by modifying the levels of the WHO formula with a hygiene procedure for 500 ml/bottle with the composition: Ethanol 96%; H2O2 3%; Glycerol 98%; and Aqua Sterile ad 500ml. Assessment on the presence of rancidity, clarity, discoloration, final alcohol content and skin irritation risk was done to know the quality of product formulation. A bacterial Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used to assess the percentage of bacterial killing power. The selected bacteria were bacteria commonly found in the hospital environment. The results of formulation stability from four variants of level modification showed that MD.4 has good stability compared to other formulation modifications. The results of the percentage kill test against MRSA showed that the percentage kill is 99.90% at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The selected manufacturer's product also showed the same percentage kill value at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The results of percentage kill test showed that the effective value for each contact time is ≥ 90%. The SEM observations showed that MD.4 hand rub effect in the form of MRSA cell lysis. The LC50 test, it is known that MD.4 hand rub value is 620 ppm while softaman (control) is 114 ppm. In terms of irritation risk, twenty-three selected subjects were generally well tolerated in use.
Keyword: hand rub, hand sanitizer, ahmad Subhan, percentage kill bacteria, MRSA, WHO