Judul: The Diversity of Wild Birds in Ragunan Zoological Park, Jakarta.
Abstrak: Ragunan Zoological Park lies at Jalan Harsono RM No.1 South Jakarta with an area of 1.4 km2. The wild birds inside Ragunan Zoological Park changes in number and diversity everytime an observation was held. The purpose of this research is to know the diversity and density of wild birds in Ragunan Zoological Park. Observation was held from Monday-Friday, 06.00-10.00 AM and 1.30-5.00 PM during bright day or if it is not raining. Identified wild birds were analized using Shannon-Wienner index and I.P.A count. There were 64 species and 28 families of wild birds found. Shannon-Wienner index value for morning and afternoon obsevation are 2.66 and 2.62 which means the wild birds are sufficiently diversed. There were 17 new records found in this research. The different number and diversity of wild birds compare to previous observation may due to human presence and different bird observation methods used. Streptopelia chinensis has the highest density value for morning and afternoon observation, 2.77 and 3.28. Human presence, bird activity and environmental factors caused the differentiation of density value. Most wild birds have distribution area from Sumatera, Java, Bali and Borneo.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Jenis Burung pada Beberapa Cluster Perumahan di Sentul City, Bogor Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Sentul City held the eco-city concept and has a unique landscape with a variety of topography. This area has a variety of vegetation structure and composition which are distributed in several residential clusters. One of the biodiversity that can be found in this area is bird. Variety of habitat types will influence the bird diversity in each area (Blendinger and Ricardo 2001). The objective of this research were (1) to describe the habitat of birds, (2) to examine bird diversity, (3) to compare the bird composition among cluster types, (4) to examine vertical and horizontal distributions of birds in several vegetation and tree architecture, (5) to examine the influence of tree architecture on tree utilization by bird. The research was conducted in Sentul City from June to September 2011, in the area of research are five residential cluster which are selected by the age of cluster and composition of vegetation, and one location is a boulevard. The habitat condition and vegetation (dominant vegetation, tree height, type of tree architecture, vertical and architecture utilized side) are described with qualitative data and collected by direct survey. Bird data is collected by MacKinnon species list method (MacKinnon et al. 1998) with 10 species of birds each list. Bird diversity analyzed by using species area curve, meet frequence and index of similarity. Utilization of vegetation using descriptive analysis. A total of 42 species of bird from 24 families were recorded in this research. There were 6 species cannot find and 25 new species recorded compare by the result of AMDAL Bukit Sentul at 2000. The highest bird diversity found in Northridge cluster with 33 species of bird and the lowest bird diversity found in Venesia-Pasadena-Sakura cluster. Based on MacKinnon species list result, showed the leveled out of curve. It showed there was nothing increment of bird species at research location. Some of birds have a high number of meet frequence in one location, but cannot find in other location. It showed there was a low distribution of bird species. The highest similarity index was found between Bali cluster and Venesia-Pasadena-Sakura cluster (IS=0.76). In general, most of bird can be found at 2/3 of tree crown except in Argenia cluster. Midlde branching part of the tree crown are the most utilize part by bird. There are management method that can impelement, (1) provide and defence birds habitat, (2) planting a favourite vegetation for birds, (3) establish protected area for birds, (4) research on bird diversity in other locations, (5) intensively monitoring on bird diversity, (6) Sosialization in the importance of bird diversity, (7) develope an environmental education programs.
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Judul: Cream Formulation Using Avocado Oil Nanoemulsion with Addition of Nanocellulose as Stabilizer
Abstrak: Minyak alpukat merupakan sumber asam lemak tak jenuh tunggal tingkat tinggi dan senyawa penting lainnya. Minyak alpukat telah digunakan di banyak bidang, termasuk perawatan kulit dalam bentuk produk krim. Krim merupakan emulsi yang memiliki faktor penting dalam mutunya yaitu stabilitas. Kestabilan produk krim didukung oleh formulasi, teknik emulsifikasi dan emulsifier. Manfaat nanoemulsi adalah untuk membawa senyawa aktif lipofilik tinggi dan obat-obatan serta meningkatkan kualitas produk. Salah satu aspek terpenting dalam pembentukan emulsi adalah pemilihan emulsifier, karena memiliki peran dalam menyerap minyak pada antarmuka air. Nanoemulsi yang dibuat akan ditambahkan nanoselulosa sebagai stabilizer. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan krim dari nanoemulsi minyak alpukat dengan penambahan nanoselulosa. Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan nanoselulosa terhadap stabilitas formulasi nanoemulsi minyak alpukat (2) mengidentifikasi karakteristik dan stabilitas nanoemulsi minyak alpukat pada formulasi krim. Adapun tahapan dari penelitian ini, pertama ekstraksi minyak alpukat menggunakan metode press cold. Kemudian tahap kedua yaitu sintesis nanoselulosa menggunakan hidrolisis asam (H2SO4). Tahap ketiga yaitu proses nanoemulsi dengan variasi formulasi nanoselulosa CNC, dietanolamida (DEA) dan minyak alpukat menggunakan ultrasonicator. Tahap keempat yaitu formulasi krim nanoemulsi minyak alpukat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nanoemulsi minyak alpukat formulasi I dengan konsentrasi DEA 3,5%, memiliki persentase stabilitas terbaik karakterisasi ukuran partikel terkecil yaitu 114,37 ± 0,38 nm, zeta potential -29,5 ± 1,23 mV, dan PdI 0,0935 ± 0,0135. Namun, pada formulasi II dengan konsentrasi CNC 1% dan DEA 3,5% ukuran partikel 148,2 ± 0,56 nm, zeta potential -32 ± 0,4 mV, dan PdI 0,12 ± 0,00608 memiliki presentasi stabil yang mirip dengan formulasi I pada minggu pertama penyimpanan. Karakterisasi krim nanoemulsi pada perlakuan terbaik tidak menunjukkan perubahan selama penyimpanan 8 minggu.
Keyword: minyak alpukat, nanoemulsi, nanokristal selulosa, nanoselulosa, stabilitas