Judul: Growth of Butterfly Pea Plant (Clitoria ternatea) on Different Media Composition and Shade Levels.
Abstrak: Bunga telang merupakan tanaman leguminosae yang dikenal memiliki bunga berwarna biru yang mengandung antosianin yang berkhasiat untuk manusia. Bunga telang dapat diolah menjadi minuman kesehatan, pewarna makanan, hingga menjadi tanaman obat. Bunga telang dapat tumbuh pada berbagai kondisi yaitu pada kondisi dataran tinggi maupun dataran rendah. Banyaknya manfaat yang dimiliki bunga telang maka diperlukan penelitian untuk mengetahui cara memproduksi tanaman dengan hasil yang terbaik. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari respon pertumbuhan dan hasil produksi bunga pada kondisi taraf naungan dan komposisi yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun percobaan Leuwikopo, Kecamatan Dramaga, Kabupaten Bogor. Percobaan dilaksanakan dengan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktorial dua faktor, yaitu naungan (55% dan 0%) dan Komposisi media tanah, campuran tanah dan pupuk kandang, dan campuran tanah, pupuk kandang, dan pasir) dengan 10 ulangan. Tanaman diperbanyak dengan biji dan ditanam pada polybag, Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman dengan kondisi ternaungi dan komposisi tanah dengan pupuk kandang menghasilkan berbeda nyata tertinggi pada tinggi tanaman sebesar 147,99 cm pada kombinasi dan campuran tanah, pupuk kandang, dan pasir di bawah naungan 55% dan bobot bunga sebesar 0,38 g pada kombinasi campuran tanah dan pupuk kandang di bawah naungan 55%. Pemberian naungan menghasilkan respon berbeda nyata pada kadar antosianin total terbanyak sebesar 2,120 mg/100 g pada kombinasi campuran tanah dan pupuk kandang di bawah naungan 55%. Interaksi antara naungan dan media berpengaruh nyata pada tinggi tanaman, bobot bunga dan waktu berbunga., The butterfly pea plant is leguminosae that are known for its blue flower color which contains anthocyanins and antioxidants which are good for humans. The butterfly pea plant is widely used as a health drink, food coloring, and is used as a medicinal plant. Butterfly pea plants can grow in various conditions, namely in the highlands and lowlands. There are many benefits contained in the butterfly pea flower, so research is needed to find out how to produce plants with the best results. The aim of this research was to study the growth response and yield of flower production under different conditions of light intensity and media composition. The experiment was carried out at the Leuwikopo Experimental Station, Dramaga District, Bogor Regency. The research experimental design used a randomized complete group design (RKLT) factorial with two factors, namely shade (no shade and 55% shade) and media compositon (soil medium, mixed soil media and manure, and mixed soil media, manure and sand) with 10 replicates. Plants were propagated by seeds and planted in polybags. The results showed that plants with shaded conditions and a mixture of soil media with manure gave the best results for plant height which produced the highest plants at 147.99 cm on combination soil, manure and sand had the heaviest flower weights at 0.38 g on combination soil and manure. Shading gave the best response to a total anthocyanin level of 2.120 mg on combination soil and mananure and also have the darker color of flower petals. The interaction between shade and media affects plant height, flower weight and flowering time.
Keyword: anthocyanin, light intensity, manure, sand, soil

Judul: Literature Review on Anthocyanin Extraction from Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) as An Antioxidan and Their Potential Applications for Food Products
Abstrak: Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak berkembang di daerah tropis dan sering dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. Bunga telang mengandung antosianin yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dengan cara menghambat radikal bebas. Kajian literatur bertujuan menganalisis metode ekstraksi antosianin dari bunga telang dan potensinya apabila diaplikasikan sebagai antioksidan pada produk pangan. Metode kajian meliputi penjabaran topik, pencarian literatur, evaluasi dan seleksi literatur, serta interpretasi dan analisis literatur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan antosianin bunga telang memiliki fungsi antioksidan dilihat dari kemampuannya dalam mencegah berbagai penyakit karena kerusakan oksidatif melalui pengujian in vitro maupun in vivo. Delfinidin dan beberapa turunannya seperti ternatin merupakan jenis antosianin yang teridentifikasi pada bunga telang melalui berbagai metode analisis. Maserasi dan ultrasound assisted extraction banyak diterapkan untuk proses ekstraksi antosianin. Nilai TAC (Total Anthocyanin Content) yang dihasilkan dari kedua metode tersebut berkisar antara 1,28 sampai 3,95 mg/g DW, diikuti dengan nilai aktivitas antioksidan yang berkisar antara 57,59 sampai 68,48% inhibisi. Faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil ekstraksi antosianin adalah suhu, pelarut, rasio antara pelarut dan sampel, serta waktu ekstraksi. Beberapa penelitian telah mengaplikasikan ekstrak antosianin sebagai antioksidan pada beberapa makanan maupun minuman. Namun, sifat antioksidannya dinilai masih lemah karena kondisinya yang masih mudah berubah selama pengolahan produk., Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is a plant that grows in the tropics and is often used for various purposes. Butterfly pea flower contains anthocyanin which has potential as an antioxidant by inhibiting free radicals. The literature review aims to analyze the anthocyanin extraction method from the flower and its potential when applied as an antioxidant in food products. The methods include topic description, literature search, literature evaluation and selection, and followed by literature interpretation and analysis. The results of this study indicate that the anthocyanins of butterfly pea flower have antioxidant functions seen from its ability to prevent various diseases caused by oxidative damage through in vitro and in vivo tests. Delfinidine and some of its derivatives, such as ternatin, are anthocyanin species identified in butterfly pea flower through various analytical methods. Maceration and ultrasound assisted extraction are widely applied for the extraction of anthocyanins. The value of TAC (Total Anthocyanin Content) resulting from the two methods ranged from 1.28 to 3.95 mg/g DW, followed by the value of antioxidant activity which ranged from 57.59 to 68.48% inhibition. The factors that influence the anthocyanin extraction result are temperature, solvent, ratio between solvent and sample, and extraction time. Several studies have applied anthocyanin extract as an antioxidant in several foods and beverages. However, its antioxidant properties are still considered weak due to its volatile condition during product processing.
Keyword: antioxidant, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin, butterfly pea flower, extraction

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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