Judul: Analisis kuantitatif kapang dan kamir di dalam mentega impor dari Perancis dan Selandia Baru
Abstrak: Pangan merupakan salah satu kebutuhan dasar manusia yang sangat penting. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kapang dan kamir di dalam mentega impor dari Perancis dan Selandia Baru dan membandingkan kualitas mikrobiologik masing-masing mentega. Total sampel mentega impor yaitu 65 sampel, berasal dari Perancis (44 sampel) dan Selandia Baru (21 sampel) yang diperiksa jumlah kapang kamir. Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata jumlah kapang kamir dari mentega asal Perancis dan Selandia Baru adalah 4.89±4.97 (log10). Tujuh sampel mentega impor asal Selandia Baru tidak memenuhi Standar Australia-Selandia Baru yaitu lebih tinggi (33.3%) dari standar. Jumlah kapang kamir yang tinggi disebabkan oleh jumlah kadar air yang tinggi yaitu lebih dari 14-15%. Rata-rata persentase kadar air mentega asal Perancis dan Selandia Baru 17.4±2.8%. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh maka harus dilakukan pemeriksaan keamanan dan kualitas dari mentega impor dan produk asal hewan lainnya.
Keyword: mentega impor, jumlah kapang, kamir

Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologik Mentega Impor dari Perancis dan Selandia Baru
Abstrak: Pangan asal hewan (daging, susu, telur dan hasil olahannya) dikategorikan sebagai pangan yang mudah rusak (perishable food) dan sebagai pangan yang berpotensi mengandung bahaya (potentially hazardous foods). Oleh karena itu, mentega sebagai salah satu pangan asal hewan harus aman dan layak untuk dikonsumsi. Keberadaan mikroorganisme dalam pangan sangat mempengaruhi kualitas dan keamanan pangan tersebut. Oleh sebab itu, pengujian mikrobiologik pada pangan perlu dilaksanakan dalam rangka jaminan keamanan dan kualitas pangan. Analisis mikrobiologik kuantitatif pada pangan merupakan salah satu pengujian yang umum dan rutin diterapkan dalam rangka pengawasan dan pengendalian kualitas dan keamanan pangan Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kualitas mikrobiologik mentega yang diimpor dari Perancis dan Selandia Baru. Kualitas mikrobiologik yang diperoleh akan dibandingkan dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) Mentega No. 01-3744-1995 dan standar dari Eropa dan Selandia Baru.
Keyword: 

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm