Judul: Tinjauan terhadap Proses-proses Pedogenesis, Pelapukan, dan Perkembangan Tanah Serta Pengklasifikasiannya Pada Suatu Transek Lereng di Perkebunan Teh Ciater, Subang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Pemahaman terhadap proses-proses Pedogenesis, Pelapukan, dan Perkembangan Tanah yang baik tidak terlepas ari pengetahuan mengenai tanah tersebut. Tingkat pelapukan dan perkembangan tanah bisa tidak sejalan, karena dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pelapukan yang berbeda pada tiap lapisan, dan adana proses geogenik yaitu proses erosi permukaan dan deposisi pada lereng.
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Judul: Penilaian tingkat pelapukan kesuburan alami dan klaifikasi tanah pada suatu transek lereng di afdeling ciawitali ptp XI cibungur, kecamatan warungkiara, kabupaten sukabumi
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari proses-proses pelapukan, kesuburan alami dan klasifikasi tanah menurut sistem Taksonomi Tanah dalam kaitannya dengan faktor lereng sebagai salah satu faktor pembentuk tanah. Untuk itu diambil contoh-contoh tanah dari keempat pedon yang terletak pada suatu transek lereng. Pedon P-I terletak di lereng atas, pedon P-II terletak di lereng tengah, pedon P-III terletak di lereng bawah dan pedon P-IV di kaki lereng. Contoh tanah diambil dari tiap-tiap horison dari keempat pedon tersebut. Tingkat pelapukan di- nilai dari segi mineralogi (kandungan mineral mudah han- cur, jumlah mineral hasil hancuran, nisbah mineral mudah hancur terhadap mineral hasil hancuran, jumlah mineral paling mudah hancur dari fraksi berat dan jumlah mineral opak dari fraksi berat), dari segi fisik (nisbah debu total terhadap liat total dan nisbah liat halus terhadap liat total) dan dari segi kimia (pH H₂O, kejenuhan basa, kejenuhan alumunium). Kesuburan alami tanah dinilai dari jumlah mineral mudah hancur dari fraksi pasir. Tanah diklasifikasikan berdasarkan data yang tersedia menurut sistem Taksonomi Tanah sampai kategori sub group. Tingkat pelapukan tanah secara umum tergolong sudah lanjut, dengan urutan sebagai berikut: P-III > P-II > P-IV > P-I. Kesuburan alami tanah tergolong rendah sam- pai sangat rendah. Urutan kesuburan alami tanah adalah: P-IV> P-IP-III P-II. Letak pedon pada transek lereng tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat pelapukan dan kesuburan alami tanah. Pedon P-I dan P-IV tergolong ke dalam sub group Tropohumult Tipik, sedangkan pedon P-II dan P-III Dystropept Fluventik. Nama tanah pun tidak berhubungan dengan kea- daan lereng. Proses pelapukan dari segi fisik dan kimia sejalan dengan proses perkembangan tanah yang tergambar pada nama tanah, yaitu Inceptisol untuk pedon P-II dan P-III dan Ultisol untuk pedon P-I dan P-IV…
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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