Judul: Peningkatan Pati Resisten Tepung Pisang Uli Modifikasi dengan Fermentasi Terkendali L. plantarum BSL dan Evaluasi Sifat Prebiotik
Abstrak: Resistant starch (RS) type 3 (RS3) is potential as prebiotic source due to its physiological function. The objectives of this study were to increase the RS3 level of modified uli banana flour (MUBF) made by controlled fermentation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) L. plantarum BSL on sliced uli banana with a concentration of 104 CFU/ml and 106 CFU/ml at various fermentation times (0, 6, 12 and 24 h) followed by autoclaving-cooling. Evaluation of the prebiotic properties of RS3 MUBF was performed by testing the viability of three probiotic candidates i.e. L. plantarum BSL, B. bifidum and L. acidophilus in media m-MRSB (MRSB without glucose) and aquadest. Both media contained 2.5% RS3 isolated from MUBF. The results showed that concentration of L.plantarum BSL and fermentation times affected the RS3 content of MUBF. Fermentation for 12h with inoculum concentration at 106 CFU/ml produced the highest RS3 content in MUBF (32.57%). RS3 either derived from controlled or spontaneous fermentation could support the growth of probiotics. Higher growth were observed for RS3 produced by controlled fermentation (2.09-2.53 log CFU/ml) compared to spontaneous fermentation (1.52-1.80 log CFU/ml). Synbiotic yoghurt made of 70% MUBF (as skim milk substitution) and probiotic either B. bifidum or L. plantarum BSL still contain a fairly stable probiotic (109 CFU/ml) during four weeks of storage at 4°C temperature. Sensory evaluation showed that panelists could accept the product for its attributes such as color, flavor, texture, consistency and taste.
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Judul: Improving prebiotic properties of low glycemic index-banana flour by fermentation and autoclaving-cooling cycle
Abstrak: Tepung pisang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pangan fungsional karena mengandung komponen prebiotik yaitu pati resisten tipe II (RS2). Potensi RS2 untuk dikembangkan sebagai prebiotik memiliki kelemahan karena sifat resisten RS akan hilang jika pati mengalami gelatinisasi selama pengolahan. Oleh karena itu dilakukan modifikasi proses pembuatan tepung pisang kaya pati resisten tipe III (RS3) yang dapat bersifat lebih stabil selama pengolahan melalui fermentasi dan siklus pemanasan bertekanan-pendinginan. Proses modifikasi dilakukan dengan cara fermentasi spontan selama 24 jam pada suhu ruang yang dikombinasi dengan satu atau dua siklus pemanasan bertekanan (121 oC, 15 menit) dan pendinginan (4 oC selama 24 jam). Dua siklus pemanasan bertekanan-pendinginan mampu meningkatkan kadar RS lebih banyak daripada satu siklus retrogradasi. Kadar RS tepung pisang yang tinggi hingga empat kali (dari 7.24% menjadi 28.88% bk) dihasilkan dari modifikasi fermentasi spontan dengan dua siklus pemanasan bertekanan-pendinginan. Granula pati yang pecah akibat proses gelatinisasi selama pemanasan bertekanan kehilangan sifat birefringence dan tingkat kristalinitas tepung pisang menurun dari 18.74 - 20.08% menjadi 6.98 - 9.52%. Hasil difraksi sinar X menunjukkan granula pati pisang var agung semeru adalah granula tipe C yaitu campuran granula tipe A dan tipe B yang memiliki puncak difraksi sinar X pada sudut 17o dan 24o.
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Judul: Penerapan teknik watermarking untuk penandaan hak cipta pada peta vektor dengan format DXF
Abstrak: Drawing Interchange Format (DXF) is one of the general file in the field of the vector image commonly used for making maps. The DXF format is a tagged data representation of all the information contained in an AutoCAD drawing (DWG) file. Tagged data means that each data element in the watermark is preceded by an integer number called the group code. The study was carried out because there is still no tools of labeling the copyright on digital mapping using DXF file. This study aims to generate an application for copyright labeling on vector map with DXF format that can be applied to any types of spatial objects in the map. The technique used is changing the code inside the vector image. The insertion of the watermark is done by utilizing ENTITIES section by multiplying objects for sets of binary values. The results showed that the image after the watermarking insertion process is the same as the original vector image. Embedded watermark is resistant to rotation and scaling, however it has the possibility of one-third to be broken in the attack on specific object. This study has successfully implemented watermarking technique for copyright labeling on the vector map with DXF format.
Keyword: Drawing Interchange Format, Robust Watermark, Tagged Data, Vector Image, Watermarking