Judul: Deteksi Estrus Sapi Potong Dengan Metode Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI)
Abstrak: Deteksi estrus yang akurat sangat penting pada ternak terutama yang pada ternak dengan perkawinan melaui program inseminasi buatan. Kegagalan untuk mendeteksi perilaku estrus dan kesalahan mendeteksi estrus menyebabkan kesalahan dalam waktu melakukan inseminasi buatan. Saat ini, sebagian besar alat dan metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi estrus masih tergolong pemeriksaan invasif. Kebanyakan pemeriksaan invasif menyebabkan stres pada hewan karena perlakuan yang diberikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan suatu metode atau alat untuk mendeteksi estrus yang dapat digunakan dalam pemeriksaan non-invasif. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) adalah teknik non-invasif yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi gradien suhu permukaan tubuh yang diharapkan dapat membedakan saat hewan estrus. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengambilan citra termal inframerah (IRT) pada labia vulva dan vestibulum vagina masing-masing hewan menggunakan kamera termal. Rata-rata temperatur tubuh pada hari estrus (H0) 38.77± 0.32 C, 38.1± 0.91 C, 37.83± 0.88 C, masing-masing dihitung menggunakan kamera termal dari jarak jauh 50 cm, 100 cm dan 150 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) dapat digunakan untuk membedakan suhu tubuh saat estrus.
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Judul: Utilization of Infrared Thermography (IRT) Technology for Estrous Detection in Dairy Cattle.
Abstrak: Peningkatan suhu tubuh yang disebabkan oleh peningkatan hormon estrogen saat estrus dapat menjadi salah satu parameter dalam deteksi estrus pada sapi perah. Infrared thermography (IRT) adalah teknik non-invasif yang dapat mengukur suhu permukaan tubuh secara akurat dan cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas IRT dalam mendeteksi estrus pada sapi perah dara dan multipara, serta membandingkan respon fisiologis keduanya. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua puluh sapi perah betina Peranakan Friesian Holstein yang dibagi dalam 4 kelompok, yaitu sapi dara non-estrus, sapi dara estrus, sapi multipara non-estrus, dan sapi multipara estrus. Parameter yang diamati yaitu suhu permukaan (mata, muzzle, telinga, vulva), suhu rektal, dan profil fisiologis (frekuensi denyut jantung dan laju pernapasan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan suhu permukaan vulva dan suhu rektal yang nyata (p<0,05) pada sapi perah estrus dara dan multipara. Disimpulkan IRT efektif sebagai teknik non- invasif untuk mendeteksi estrus pada sapi perah., An increase in body temperature caused by an increase in the cencenytation of estrogen during estrus can be one of the parameters in detecting estrous in dairy cattle. Infrared thermography (IRT) is a non-invasive technique that can measure body surface temperature accurately and quickly. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of IRT in detecting estrous in heifers and multiparous cows, as well as comparing the physiological responses among them. This research used twenty female Holstein Friesian crossbred dairy cattle which were divided into 4 groups, namely non-estrous heifers, estrous heifers, non-estrous multiparous cows, and estrous multiparous cows. The parameters observed were surface temperature (eyes, muzzle, ears, vulva), rectal temperature, and physiological profile (heart rate and respiratory rate). The results showed a significant increase in vulva surface temperature and rectal temperature (p<0.05) in heifers and multiparous estrous dairy cattle. It was concluded that IRT was effective as a non-invasive technique for detecting estrus in dairy cattle.
Keyword: sapi perah, estrus, Infrared Thermography, suhu permukaan

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell