Judul: Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Kolagen Kulit Ikan Baronang (Siganus canaliculatus)
Abstrak: Kolagen merupakan protein paling berlimpah yang terdapat dalam tubuh makhluk hidup dan jumlahnya sekitar 30% dari total protein keseluruhan. Pemanfaatan limbah kulit ikan baronang menjadi kolagen adalah salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomis limbah. Komposisi kimia kulit ikan baronang terdiri dari air 66,96%, protein 83,9%, lemak 9%, dan abu 1,46%. Ekstraksi kolagen dilakukan dengan metode kolagen larut asam (ASC) dengan variasi konsentrasi asam asetat (0,5 M, 0,75M, 1M). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa rendmen kolagen masing- masing 15,55%, 20,01%, 12,08%. Nilai pH kolagen yaitu 6,92, 6,75, dan 5,25. Nilai Viskositas kolagen berkisar antara 51,83- 64,50 cP. Hasil FTIR kolagen menunjukan kelompok Amida( Amida A, B, I, II, III), Pola pita protein kolagen dengan pita α1, α2 dan β. Selain itu, metode terbaik (0,75M) menunjukan bahwa asam amino yang terkandung didalam kolagen seperti glisin, prolin, arginin, dan alanin.
Keyword: asam amino, kolagen, rendemen, viskositas

Judul: Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Kolagen dari Kulit Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis)
Abstrak: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the living body and comprising approximately 30% of the total protein content. Utilization of waste from the skin of eastern little tuna to produce collagen is one alternative to increase the economic value of its waste. Pretreatment process in extracting collagen affects the quality of collagen that obtained. The different concentration of NaOH (0.05; 0.1; and 0.2 M) and soaking time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours) were used as the pretreatment step. The best result of pretreatment was obtained from soaking the skin in a solution of 0.05 M NaOH for 12 hours with the lowest of soluble non-collagen protein concentration was 0.140 mg/mL. The yield and pH of the best collagen were 7.459% and 5.29, respectively. The highest solubility of collagen was 90.80% at pH 3. Amino acid analysis showed that the collagen has a glycine, proline, arginine, and alanine were dominant. FTIR analysis showed the major absorption bands of amide A, B, I, II, and III were at wavenumber 3395 cm-1, 2929 cm-1, 1652 cm-1, 1543 cm-1, and 1237 cm-1, respectively.
Keyword: amino acid, collagen, eastern little tuna, FTIR, yield

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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