Judul: Pengaruh berbagai komposisi kapur dan bekatul pada pengomposan serta pemanfaatan berbagai jenis limbah pertanian terhadap produksi jamur merang (Volvariella volvacea (Bill. ex Fr.) Sing)
Abstrak: Tujuan Praktek Lapang ini ialah untuk mengetahui komposisi kapur dan bekatul yang terbaik pada pengomposan serta mencari limbah pertanian yang memberikan produksi jamur merang tertinggi. Praktek lapang terdiri atas dua buah percobaan yaitu: I. Penanaman jamur merang menggunakan kompos jerami dengan penambahan kapur dan bekatul berbeda (10% 2%, 12.5 % 4 %, 15 % : 5%, 17.5% 2%, 15%: 4 %, 12.5% 6% dan 10% 8%), II. Penanaman jamur merang pada medium tanam jerami, kelaras pisang, sisa-sisa tanaman jagung dan kapas. Percobaan dilakukan pada rumah jamur di Sindangbarang Dalam, Bogor. Hal-hal yang diamati ialah kondisi lingkungan rumah jamur selama percobaan berlangsung (suhu dan kelembaban rumah jamur) dan bobot total jamur merang pada tiap-tiap medium tanam. ...
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Judul: Pengaruh perbandingan komposisi kompos kapas-kelaras sebagai medium tanam terhadap produktifitas jamur merang ( Volvariella volvacea ( Bull. ex Fr. ) Sing. )
Abstrak: Kompos kapas-kelaras yang dicampur dengan perbandingan 4: 1,3 1,2 1, dan 11 merupakan mediun tanam jamur merang yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan medium tanam tunggal kompos kapas atau kelaras saja. Di antara campuran kompos-kelaras yang digunakan campuran kompos kapas-kelaras dengan perbandingan 1 : 1 memberikan pengaruh yang sama dengan medium tunggal kompos kapas. Perlakuan komposisi medium kapas-kelaras tidak mem- berikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap bobot satu basidioma maupun jumlah basidioma dalam 100 gram. Tinggi rak rumah jamur tidak menunjukkan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata terhadap bobot total jamur, jumlah total jamur, serta bobot satu basidioma. Tetapi ada kecenderungan jumlah dan bobot total jamur pada rak bawah paling rendah….
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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