Judul: Seleksi Bakteri Diazotrof Endofitik Padi Penghasil Asam Indol-3-Asetat (AlA)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) Mengisolasi dan menyeleksi bakteri diazotrof endofitik dari tanaman padi, (2) Mengukur aktivitas enzim nitrogenase dan produksi AIA bakteri diazotrof endofitik, (3) Menguji pengaruh bakteri diazotrof endofitik terhadap perkembangan akar tanaman padi secara in vitro, (4) Menguji pengaruh bakteri diazotrof endofitik terhadap pertumbuhan, penambahan N simbiotik padi di rumah kaca.
Keyword: 

Judul: Identifikasi Aktinomiset Endofit Asal Tanaman Padi Berdasarkan Analisis Gen 16S rRNA dan nifH
Abstrak: Aktinomiset indigenos dikenal memiliki keragaman yang tinggi dan berpeluang untuk mendapatkan novel spesies. Aktinomiset endofit diketahui dapat menjadi pelaku pemfiksasi nitrogen selain mampu menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif dengan beragam fungsi seperti antimikrob, penghasil enzim dan inhibitor enzim, serta hormon pemacu pertumbuhan. Identifikasi molekuler dan peran aktinomiset endofit tanaman padi masih jarang dilakukan, sehingga perlu dikaji. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi aktinomiset endofit tanaman padi berdasarkan analisis gen 16S rRNA dan nifH serta mengkaji aktivitasnya dalam memfiksasi nitrogen. DNA genom dari tujuh isolat aktinomiset endofit diisolasi menggunakan Genomic DNA Mini Kit, selanjutnya gen 16S rRNA diamplifikasi menggunakan PCR. Analisis kemampuan fiksasi nitrogen dilakukan berdasarkan uji produksi amonia, pertumbuhan di media bebas nitrogen, dan amplifikasi gen nifH melalui PCR. Produk PCR disekuensing dan dianalisis menggunakan software bioinformatika MEGA 5.05 untuk mengkonstruksi pohon filogenetik yang mengindikasikan kekerabatan antar isolat. Analisis sekuen gen 16S rRNA menunjukkan bahwa tujuh isolat (IPBCC.b.14.1531, IPBCC.b.14.1532, IPBCC.b.14.1533, IPBCC.b.14.1534, IPBCC.b.14.1535, IPBCC.b.14.1536, dan IPBCC.b.13.1530) berkerabat dekat dengan Streptomyces spp. Sekuen 16S rRNA dari enam isolat berkerabat dengan S. albolongus, S. cavourensis subsp. cavourensis, S. anulatus, dan S. bungoensis dengan identitas maksimum < 97%, dan satu isolat lainnya berkerabat dekat dengan S. misionensis, dengan identitas maksimum 99%. Berdasarkan analisis sekuen gen nifH, tiga isolat berhasil diamplifikasi menggunakan PCR dan menunjukkan kekerabatannya dengan gen nifH Herbaspirillum sp., dengan nilai kemiripan 93 hingga 99%. Analisis keragaman jarak genetik berdasarkan p-distance, antara tiga isolat dengan Frankia sp., Rhizobium sp., L. ferrooxidans, dan K. pneumonia menunjukkan adanya perbedaan sekuen gen nifH sebesar 18-28% dan lebih dari 59% jika dibandingkan dengan sekuen gen nifH B. japonicum. Hal tersebut mengindikasikan keragaman yang tinggi gen nifH pada isolat aktinomiset endofit padi. Berdasarkan uji in vitro, isolat IPBCC.b.13.1530, IPBCC.b.14.1531, dan IPBCC.b.14.1536 juga mampu tumbuh di media bebas nitrogen dan memproduksi amonia berturut-turut sebesar 0.065 ppm, 0.014 ppm, dan 0.076 ppm pada media bebas nitrogen. Hasil tersebut mengindikasikan bahwa tiga isolat tersebut menjanjikan dalam perannya sebagai bakteri pemfiksasi N2 pada tanaman padi.
Keyword: aktinomiset endofit, gen nifH, tanaman padi, Streptomyces, 16SrRNA

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: