Judul: Potensi Ekstrak Bakau (Rhizophora spp.) sebagai Inhibitor Asetilkolinesterase dan Antioksidan
Abstrak: Penapisan tanaman sebagai inhibitor asetilkolinesterase (AChE) untuk pengobatan penyakit Alzheimer telah banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini menguji potensi ekstrak bakau sebagai inhibitor AChE dan antioksidan. Sampel daun dan buah bakau diekstraksi dengan bantuan sonikasi dengan peningkatan kepolaran pelarut, yaitu n-heksana, etil asetat, dan metanol. Hasil pengujian inhibisi AChE menggunakan metode Ellman menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol buah R. mucronata memiliki aktivitas inhibisi terbaik dengan konsentrasi inhibisi 50% (IC50) 1 mg/L sementara IC50 kontrol positif fisostigmina sebesar 0.06 mg/L. Uji antioksidan melalui penangkapan radikal bebas 2,2-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak tersebut memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik dengan IC50 sebesar 3.74 mg/L saat asam askorbat memiliki IC50 sebesar 1.31 mg/L. Komponen ekstrak dipisahkan dengan kromatografi kolom menggunakan kloroform, etil asetat, dan metanol secara gradient bertahap. Pemisahan ini tidak dapat dilakukan karena terjadi penggumpalan ekstrak yang diduga disebabkan oleh kandungan karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi
Keyword: antioksidan, asetilkolinesterase, Rhizophora spp.

Judul: Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Kulit Pohon Bakau Hitam (Rhizophora mucronata).
Abstrak: Kulit akar, kulit batang dan kulit ranting bakau hitam (Rhizophora mucronata) yang dikeringkan dengan sinar matahari secara langsung diduga masih memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan prinsip uji yang berbeda dapat dilakukan untuk membandingkan hasil nilai aktivitas antioksidan yang diperoleh yakni metode DPPH dan CUPRAC. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan senyawa aktif pada sampel kulit segar dan kering dan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan pada sampel kulit segar dan kering dengan metode DPPH dan CUPRAC. Proses esktraksi dilakukan secara maserasi selama 24 jam dengan pelarut etanol 70% perbandingan 1:3 (b/v). Sampel ekstrak kulit pohon bakau hitam dominan terdapat senyawa steroid dan flavonoid pada semua sampel kulit segar maupun kering. Hasil uji DPPH dengan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi yaitu pada sampel ekstrak kulit akar segar (59.68 ± 0.36 μg/mL) dan pada uji CUPRAC yaitu pada sampel ekstrak kulit akar segar (95.45 ± 0.96 μmol asam askorbat/g). Aktivitas antioksidan cenderung menurun dengan adanya proses pengeringan dengan sinar matahari.
Keyword: antioksidan, DPPH, kulit akar bakau hitam, Rhizophora mucronata

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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