Judul: Etnobiologi masyarakat tengger di Bromo Tengger Semeru Jawa Timur
Abstrak: This ethnobiological research focused on the ethnoecological, ethnobotanical, and ethnozoological study of the adaptation process (correlating to management concepts, impact on people’s activities, and technology usage) of the Tengger society in Bromo Tengger Semeru, East Java to environmental conditions where they were actively using and managing natural resources. The goals of this research were to study the beliefs, knowledge, and practice of Tengger society for the comprehensive understanding of landscape use and management, and to reveal the indigenous knowledge of Tengger society in managing their natural resources (plants and animals) which included species diversity, the index of ecological important value (INP), and the index of cultural significance (ICS). The research data consisted of ecological, ethnological, ethnobotanical and ethnozoological data. Ecological data was collected using vagetation analysis, while the rest of the data was collected using the participatory ethnobotanical appraisal, structured and open ended interviews, and direct observation. The Tengger society arranged their areas based on their function and usefulness including area of housing, agriculture, conservation, ecotourism, and sacral. Traditional ecological knowledge applied for environmental conservation consisted of an agricultural system that implement terasiring combined with plant borders, stall locations separated from houses, and planting Casuarina tree arranged by traditions. Tengger people depend on plant resources for their livelihood, and they have good knowledge on plant diversity surrounding them. The various plant utilization by Tengger society include food (75 species); medicines (121 species); construction, firewood and local technology (53 species); cosmetics, handycraft, cigarette, colors (40 species); forage (44 species); ornamental plants (140 species); fruit (49 species); and ritual (94 species). Calculations of the index of cultural significance showed that rice has a very high value and ten other plant species have high value in Tengger culture. For Tengger people, various animals have an economic value, and can be used for food, ritual, transportation, and objects for tourism.The indigenous knowledge on wild animals and their uses were very good. Tengger people distinguished 120 species consisting of 64 species of Aves, 32 species of Mammals, 9 species of Reptilia, 3 species of Diptera, 2 species of Decapoda, 1 species of Arachnidae, 1 species of Orthoptera, 1 species of Hypnoptera and 6 species of Pisces.
Keyword: 

Judul: Etnobotani Masyarakat Tengger: Studi Kasus Desa Ngadas Wilayah Enclave Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru
Abstrak: Kawasan pelestarian alam di Jawa Timur salah satunya yaitu Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS). Penelitian bertujuan untuk melakukan studi etnobotani dalam rangka pelestarisan pengetahuan. Prosedur penelitian meliputi studi literatur, observasi lapang, wawancara, analisis vegetasi, dan analisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemanfaatan tumbuhan oleh masyarakat Tengger Desa Ngadas sebanyak 69 jenis tumbuhan. Kelompok penggunaan terdiri dari tumbuhan pangan dan sayuran, tumbuhan obat, tumbuhan adat dan keagamaan, tumbuhan untuk kayu bakar, bahan bangunan, konservasi, dan pakan ternak. Indeks Nilai Penting tertinggi plot ladang untuk tingkat pertumbuhan pohon dimiliki oleh cemara gunung sebesar 229,56% pada plot hutan untuk tingkat pertumbuhan pohon dimiliki oleh kayu manisan sebesar 39,95%. Nilai Index of Cultural Significance tertinggi dimiliki oleh padi yang berasal dari luar Tengger sebesar 72. Indeks Nilai Penting cemara gunung di ladang sebesar 229,56% dan nilai Index of Cultural Significance sebesar 45. Hal ini menunjukkan pelestarian cemara gunung tinggi jika dilihat dari nilai INP meskipun pemanfaatan cemara gunung tergolong ke dalam kategori sangat tinggi.
Keyword: Ethnobotany, Ngadas, Tengger

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
Keyword: