Judul: Drying analysis of shredded tobacco leaves using dual-energy-sources-dryer
Abstrak: Pengolahan daun tembakau menjadi tembakau rajangan secara tradisional menggunakan energi surya untuk pengeringannya. Jika intensitas sinar surya rendah sehingga tidak mencukupi untuk penjemuran sampai kering sempurna, tembakau rajangan yang dihasilkan akan bermutu rendah, mempunyai aroma dan warna yang tidak sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa daun tembakau rajangan dapat dikeringkan dengan alat pengering pada suhu 35-45OC, kecepatan aliran udara 5 mldetik, tanpa menurunkan mutu dan penerimaan konsumen. Penelitian dasar yang mengkaji parameter parameter pengeringan daun tembakau rajangan sampai saat ini masih sedikit sekali dilakukan. Padahal hasil penelitian ini sangat diperlukan untuk merancang model alat alat pengering yang dapat bekerja efisien dengan mengatur kecepatan aliran udara, suhu dan kelembaban udara pengering, kapasitas pengering serta pemakaian berbagai sumber energi untuk pengeringan.
Keyword: 

Judul: Optimization of thin-layer drying of temu putih and temu lawak based on energy analysis
Abstrak: Temu putih or zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) and temu lawak or java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) are two of some important medicinal plants in Indonesia. The dried slices of their rhizome are called simplicia and used as raw materials for jamu or traditional herbal medicine. The aim of this research were (a) to study the influence of drying process conditions on simplicia drying characteristics, quality and exergy eficiency during the drying, and (b) to determine the optimum process conditions to get the best quality. In the first study, the influence of drying air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and flow rate on the thin layer drying of temu putih and temu lawak slices were investigated. A laboratory air dryer was designed and used for drying experiments. The system was operated in an air temperature range of 40–70o C, relative humidity range of 20–80% and air flow rate 0.2-0.9 m/s. Three mathematical models available in the literature were fitted to the experimental data. It was found that drying of temu putih and temu lawak took place in the falling rate period. Higher drying air temperature and flow rate and lower drying air relative humidity resulted in a lower final moisture content and shorter drying time. By statistical comparison of the three models, it was concluded that the Page model represents drying characteristics was better than the other equations for describing single layer drying of both temu putih and temu lawak. In the second part, the effects of drying conditions on shrinkage and quality of temu putih and temu lawak were studied. A thin-layer dryer with machine vision system and image analysis software were used. Temu putih and temu lawak slices were dried at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 oC and relative humidities of 20%, 30% and 40%. Changes in area of the slice were measured continuously during the drying. Shrinkage showed almost linear relation with moisture content. It was found that air temperature and relative humidity had no significant effect on shrinkage. Slices dried in a higher temperature showed more bend than a lower one. Lower drying air temperature resulted higher quantity of curcumin of temulawak and worse visually performance of sample. The last part was concerned with the energy and exergy analysis of the thin layer drying process of temu putih and temu lawak at different air temperatures and humidities using a laboratory dryer. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy analysis was carried to estimate the amounts of energy gained from air drying and the ratios of energy utilization. Exergy analysis was accomplished to determine exergy destroyed and exergy efficiencies during the drying process by applying the second law of thermodynamics. The optimum process conditions for temu putih drying were at a temperature of 50 oC 20% RH and air flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/s, while for temu lawak drying were at a temperature of 50 oC and 30% RH.
Keyword: 

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan