Judul: Determinants and Strategies for Increasing Palm Oil Enterprises' Participation in the Labor Social Security Program for Casual Laborers
Abstrak: Palm oil production accounts for an estimated 2.5% of Indonesia's GDP and employs up to eight million people in agriculture and processing. The palm oil industry is highly profitable as a result of rising consumption. With high production and proper management development of oil palm, the value of economic income from oil palm products will increase. The palm oil industry contributed significantly to rural development in eradicating poverty. The cultivation of oil palm improves household living standards on average. As the expansion occurs primarily in tropical rainforest regions, it is likely that the development of new oil palm plantations contributes to biodiversity loss, carbon emissions, environmental, and social issues. Due to economic pressures and the principle of survival, many workers then choose to devote themselves to work in the oil palm plantation sector. Despite the benefits of oil palm on household income and consumption, as well as local development and work opportunities, numerous social and environmental costs have been revealed. The employment of temporary contract workers, including daily casual workers, is governed by the Manpower Act and Ministerial Decree No. 100 of 2004 on Manpower and Transmigration. Working condition is strongly correlated to situations where many of the jobs created in palm oil plantations and mills are for casual day laborers, which is particularly vulnerable to being paid low wages, lacking job security, and with minimum legal protection. Seventy percent of people working in palm oil plantation without guaranteed work certainty and job security. They worked as casual laborers, contract workers, and outsourcing workers. With the status as casual laborers and unclear contractual agreement, often their fundamental rights are ignored by companies. Casual day laborers have reported that they are discouraged from joining any type of workers union, a condition that has led to the deterioration of their working conditions. One of the problems experienced by workers is the occurrence of work accidents, and the workers are not legally protected. An event that often happens in oil palm plantations is work accidents either caused by the workforce's negligence or due to inadequate personal protective equipment facilities. If an accident occurs to a casual laborer, then the company has no direct obligation to provide responsibility for the incident even though some companies still provide voluntary assistance as humanitarian, moral support. Companies’ use of casual labor can blur the distinction between laborers and service providers. These include lack of regulation, non-enforcement of existing laws, misuse of power, power imbalances in favor of the employers, and lack of judicial discourse. So, there is a need to find what is the determinant affecting the companies to register the workers to participate in social security program by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Finally, there is a need to formulate a strategy to increase the participation of palm oil enterprises in registering their casual labors for social security. The data used in this research are secondary data and primary data. The secondary data are annual data of oil palm company who registered and still active as of 2021. The data is collected and received from BPJS Ketenagakerjaan database. After requesting to
Keyword: AHP, casual laborers, labor social security, palm oil, binary logistic regression

Judul: Consumer Awareness, Intention to Buy and Willingness to Pay for Employment Social Security among Informal Sector Workers (Research on Ten Branch Offices of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan).
Abstrak: Not just for regular employees but also non-standard employees, participation in the Employment and Social Security Administration (BPJS) is required. It is stated in Article 14 of Law Concerning Social Insurance Institutions No. 24 from 2011, which states that everyone, even foreigners, who has worked in Indonesia for at least a few months, will participate in social insurance programs if such participation is required. Indonesian workers reached 139,810,313 million people in December 2020, with details of informal workers reaching 84,543,296 million people or about 60.47%, and 55,267,016 million people or around 39.53% of formal workers (Statistics, 2020). Every employee has a right to social security, according to Article 3 (2) of Labor Social Security Law No. 32 of 1992. Workplace dangers are the same for both formal and informal employees. The danger is undoubtedly more significant than for individuals who work in businesses, organizations, or government agencies since one of the areas where unorganized employees are exposed is the absence of proper safety equipment (News, 2017). As a result, social security offers equal protection to informal employees. However, this is not in line, as evidenced by the low participation rate of informal workers or 6.8% of informal sector workers, which was realized with a total of 5,759,477 BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participants in December 2020 (Ketenagakerjaan, 2020) with an achievement target of reaching 100%. The low ratio between the workforce and the number of people involved in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan is caused by the reluctance of all individuals to transfer the risks they pose to social security organizations. This is due to the low and precarious income that forces informal workers to work only to meet their daily needs, rarely wanting to become social security participants. In addition, informal workers are near the poverty line. According to Prawoto (2009), informal workers cannot allocate their monthly income to employment social security, which means they cannot contribute because employment social security is their last resort if they have more money. Based on the preceding context, this research seeks to investigate numerous challenges that BPJS Ketenagakerjaan frequently encounters in Indonesia while implementing employment social security. The objectives of this research were to analyze the awareness of informal workers about BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program participation, to analyze the intention of informal workers to buy social security for the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program, and to analyze the willingness of informal workers to pay contributions for the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program. Quantitative research was the methodology employed to achieve the research goals. Primary and secondary data were the two types of data that are employed. Participants gathered first-hand information from the 10 (ten) BPJS Ketenagakerjaan branches that served as research sites. The BPJS Ketenagakerjaan data and supplementary data from each branch served as the research location and source of secondary data for this research. The findings demonstrated that changes in consumer awareness of informal workers influenced employment social security participation by 0.761% or 76.1%. Meanwhile, just 36% of unregistered workers in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan's 10 branches responded to a questionnaire on their knowledge of employment social security. According to the respondents' response rates for 10
Keyword: awareness of informal workers, intention to buy, and willingness to pay for the employment social security program

Judul: Embriogenesis ikan buta (Astyanax fasciatus)
Abstrak: Ikan buta Astyanax fasciatus adalah spesies ikan unik dari famili Characidae yang menempati perairan dalam gua di Wilayah La Cueva Chica-San Luis Potasi-Mexico. Ikan ini memiliki mata yang tereduksi (Blind Cavefish) dan warna kulit merah muda, pucat serta mengkilap.
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