Judul: Identifikasi molekuler dan keragaman genetik mikroalga dari genus Chlorella di Indonesia
Abstrak: Chlorella merupakan salah satu genus mikroalga yang penyebarannya luas di perairan laut Indonesia dan telah diolah menjadi berbagai bioproduk. Namun, informasi spesies dan keragaman genetik Chlorella di Indonesia belum banyak diteliti. Sementara informasi ini diperlukan dalam inventarisasi potensi dan keanekaragaman hayati laut. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies mikroalga berdasarkan teknik molekuler, merekonstruksi pohon filogenetik, dan menguji keragaman genetik mikroalga genus Chlorella dari enam populasi di Indonesia (Lampung, Ancol, Tanjung Priok, Cilacap, Makassar, dan Bitung). Penandaan DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan marka genom kloroplas lokus 16S rRNA yang digunakan untuk amplifikasi DNA. Analisis data hasil sekuensing DNA diolah dengan perangkat lunak MEGA 6.06 dan DNA SP. Spesies sampel dari enam populasi teridentifikasi sebagai Chlorella kessleri dengan tingkat kemiripan 95% berdasarkan analisis BLAST. Keragaman genetik sampel antarpopulasi tidak begitu berbeda dengan melihat komposisi basa nukelotidanya. Nilai keragaman genetik Chlorella kessleri di Indonesia sebagai satu populasi terdiri atas keragaman haplotipe (Hd) sebesar 0.933 dan keragaman nukleotida (π) sebesar 0.151. Nilai Hd populasi Indonesia ini tergolong tinggi.
Keyword: Chlorella, DNA barcoding, phylogenetic, genetic diversity

Judul: Analisis Metagenomik Mikroalga Prokariot dari Perairan Laut Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Mikroalga adalah kumpulan mikroorganisme uniseluler yang dapat berfotosintesis dan menjadi alternatif bioenergi yang potensial untuk dikembangkan. Sebelumnya, penelitian mengenai boidiversitas mikroalga di laut Jawa Timur telah dilakukan secara morfologis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis metagenomik mikroalga prokariot di perairan laut Jawa Timur. Sampel dari penelitian sebelumnya, yang berasal dari Madura (M3, M4, M6, M9), Banyuwangi (BW) dan Situbondo (ST), dikulturkan kemudian disekuensing dengan metode NGS (Next Generation Sequencing) menggunakan primer 16S rRNA. Data sekuens dianalisis menggunakan Geneious Prime 2020.1.2 dengan mengacu pada database 16S microbial dari NCBI. Terdapat 6 ordo dan 17 spesies teridentifikasi dari divisi Cyanobacteria. Ordo Oscillatoriales terdapat pada seluruh sampel dengan rata-rata frekuensi 43,25%. Crocosphaera watsonii dan Laspinema etoshii terdapat pada kelima sampel kecuali M6. Situbondo memiliki spesies paling banyak yaitu 16 spesies sedangkan M6 hanya memiliki satu spesies. Indeks keanekaragaman tergolong rendah hingga sedang, sedangkan indeks dominansi tergolong rendah hingga tinggi., Microalgae are mixture of unicellular photoautotroph organisms and have big potential to be developed as an alternative bioenergy. Previous research has been carried out on the diversity of microalgae from East Java Coastal Area using morphological identification. This study aims to analyze the prokaryotic microalgae diversity using metagenomics approach. Seawater samples from previous studies, which came from Madura (M3, M4, M6, and M9), Banyuwangi (BW) and Situbondo (ST), were cultured and then sequenced by NGS applying 16S rRNA primers. Analysis was carried using the Geneious Prime 2020.1.2 program referring to the 16S microbial database from NCBI. There are 6 orders and 17 species classified from the Cyanobacteria division. The Oscillatoriales order is found in all samples with an average frequency of 43,25%. Crocosphaera watsonii and Laspinema etoshii were found in five samples, except M6. Situbondo had the most species, namely 16 species, while the M6 sample only had 1 species. Diversity index is classified as low to moderate, while the dominance index is classified as low to high.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Cyanobacteria, metagenomics, microalgae, prokaryotes

Judul: Buprenorphine and Fischer-344 Rats Post-operative Stress Levels: Impact on Serum Corticosterone Levels.
Abstrak: The use of laboratory animals in experiment often requires surgical operations. Post-operative condition often associated with pain and stress. Preemptive analgesia and post operative treatment with buprenorphine can reduce post operative pain and stress and prevent prolonged pain. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that pre operative treatment of buprenorphine reduces stress and suppresses the pre-operative serum corticosterone levels in Fischer 344 rats. A total of 14 adult male Fischer 344 (F344/Sca) rats permanently catheterized in artery carotis communis were used. During 94 hour post-operatively the blood sample was collected at specific time point using Accusampler®, an automated blood sampling. Corticosterone levels were quantified with ELISA method using sheep polyclonal antibody to corticosterone. Buprenorphine is effective as pre-emptive analgesia in F344 strain. However the dose is higher than what has been reported in Sprague Dawley strain. Buprenorphine 1.0 mg/kg significantly suppressed serum corticosterone levels immediately after rats regain consciousness. Rats in buprenorphine 1.0 mg/kg group were protected from post operative body weight loss and reduced water intake compare to control, nutella, and buprenorphine 0.4 mg/kg group. Quantification of fecal corticosteroid metabolites failed to detect stress in present study.
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