Judul: Increase of Aluminium Tolerant and Low pH in Rice through Somaclonal Variation and Gamma Ray Irradiation.
Abstrak: The main problem faces the expansion of rice plants in acid soils are A1 toxicity and low pH. The best approach to solve it is to produce tolerance varieties through genetic improvement. It is stable and enviroment friendly. One of the method was conducted through somaclonal variation and gamma ray irradiation. The aims of the recearch is to get rice plant genotypes which is tolerant to Al and low pH through somaclonal variation and gamma ray irradiation. Three stages of experiments were conducted : 1) in vitro culture experiment consists of callus induction, gamma ray irradiation, in vitro selection and regeneration, 2) plant selection grown on nutrient culture, and 3) plant selection in acid soils in green house. The first experiment proved that : 1) the best media composition for embryogenic callus induction is : MS + 2.4-D2 + CH3 for Jatiluhur dan Gajah mungkur genotype, LS + 2.4-D2 + Kin 1 for Cirata and MS + 2,4-D0.5 mg/l + NAAl mg/l + BA1.5 mg/l for T309, 2) the LD 50 from Jatiluhur dan Gajah mungkur genotype 1.5 krad, for as Cirata and T309 respectively 1 and 2 krad, and 3) the highest variation are from Jatiluhur genotype 838.68 (LD 47.92), Gajah mungkur 874.98 (LD SO), Cirata 713.42 (LD 52.08) and T309 1062.76 (LD 50). The second experiment proved that : 1) somaclonal plantlet from callus induction, treated with gamma ray irradiation and followed with in vitro selection are more tolerant then their parents, 2) test in nutient solution (Al 45 ppm) produced 28 tolerant genotype. The third experiment proved that test of plantlet in acid soil in green house with saturation of Al 74.98 %, pH 4.28 and Aldd 11.56 me1100 g soils resulted : 1) plants tolerant to Al and low pH grown in acid soil are also tolerant (78.57) if grown in nutient solution, 2) planlets from in vitro culture are more varied then their parents (controls), 3) the result are 18 genotypes tolerant and 4 rather tolerant : 8 Jatiluhur genotypes are tolerant 53, 517, J15, 521, 522, 526, 533, 536 and 1 genotype is rather tolerant J5; 6 Gajah mungkur genotype are tolerant G2, G4, G10, G19, G22, G28 and 2 genotypes are rather tolerant G14, G31; 4 Cirata genotypes are tolerant C5, Cl, C23, C29 and 1 genotype is rather tolerant C16, and 4) the tolerant genotype are productive seedling, more seed number per panicle, and low persentage of seedless.
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Judul: Karakter Vegetatif Dan Reproduktif Tanaman Mutan Padi Toleran Aluminium
Abstrak: Increasing rice productivity is important to stabilize food supply in Indonesia. The rice demand increased annually, but the rice fields decreased rapidly due to transformation of the rice fields into settlement and industry, leaving dry land that are dominated with acid soil for agriculure. Dry soils in wet climate is usually acid, and contains high solubility of toxic compounds such as aluminum (Al) and mangan. Al toxicity is one of problems of rice production in acid soils. Although Al tolerant rice mutant was being developed but its vegetative and reproductive characters have not been characterized. This research was aimed to study vegetative and reproductive characters of Al tolerant rice mutant developed from cultivar IR64 that was originally Al sensitive. Screening of 69 mutant numbers (2323 seeds) based on root regrowth as a screening parameter resulted four rice mutants M2 that were potentially Al tolerant with good primary and secondary roots growth after being exposed to 15 ppm for 72 hours. Vegetative characters of rice that were affected by Al stress were the number of panicle and plant height. Reproductive characters of rice that were affected by Al stress were the number of productive tiller, the date of flowering, and harvesting. The research result showed that the number of productive tiller showed negative correlations with panicle length. The screening of the M3 mutants obtained one number of potentially Al tolerant mutant, 1-12-4-183.
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Judul: Analisis peranan sektor parawisata terhadap perekonomian  Indonesia sebelum dan sesudah krisis ekonomi
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara kepulauan yang mempunyai berbagai macam keindahan alam, kebudayaan dan sejarah bangsa, festival serta upacara-upacara yang unik. Berbagai macam seni lukis dan kerajinan tangan serta banyaknya tenipat yang menarik bagi para wisatawan sepanjang tahun. Hal tersebut, menunjukkan bahwa indonesia memang memiliki potensi yang besar dibidang pariwisata. Perkembangan kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara (wisman) merupakan salah satu indikator keberhasilan pembangunan pariwisata, namun krisis ekonomi yang melanda Indonesia telah menyebabkan sektor-sektor perekonomian yang lainnya mengalami keterpurukan termasuk sektor pariwisata. Dimana pada tahun- tahun sebelum krisis, kunjungan wisatawan mancanegara ke Indonesia bisa mencapai 5.2 juta orang dengan perolehan jumlah devisa pernah mencapai ..dst
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