Judul: Kajian Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Belalang terhadap Bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus serta aplikasinya pada bakso daging
Abstrak: Javanese grasshopper (Vangala nigricornis) is one of various insects that grows in Indonesia. Beside to its nature is destructive and considered crop pests for farmers, Javanese grasshopper used as food for some people, particularly in Wonosari Jogjakarta. In addition to the useful as food, Javanese Grasshoppers also capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacterias, that are E. coli and S. aureus. The aim of this research was to find out the Javanese grasshopper as a preservative in fact, meat products. Research prefixed to prove the existence of the antimicrobial activity from Javanese grasshopper by using the well diffusion method. Extract derived from four solvents, that were water, ethanol, acetic acid, and hexan. From four extracts was got, extract acetic acid (± 9 mm) and extract ethanol (± 7 mm) that showed antibacterial activity. Next step was to determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract was selected (acetic acid), which amounted to 6 %. The last step was to test to meatball products, from this test known the extracts Javanese grasshopper able to extend the life of stored meatballs than meatballs control.
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Judul: Potensi Antimikroba Kayu Siwak (Salvadora persica Wall.) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa serta Aplikasi pada Bakso Daging
Abstrak: Preservation of processed meat products have been carried out with the aim of extending the shelf life. Preserving is one important factor considering the risks that may be posed and one of them is the use of hazardous chemicals as preservatives. One of food product which is vulnerable given the addition of formalin was the meatball. Siwak has been known to have antimicrobial activity but its application for foods has not been widely explored. The study consist of four phases, extraction of siwak well diffusion test, dillution broth to determine MIC, and applications in meatballs. Well diffusion test showed that siwak’s extract has antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria and Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteria which have inhibition zones of 21.10 mm and 20.11 mm respectively. Dillution broth test showed that the minimum concentration which is can inhibit bacterial growth was 50% (v/v) of siwak’s aqueous extract. Application in meatballs showed that siwak extract can hold down bacterial growth up to 98,17% in Staphylococcus aureus bactery.
Keyword: natural preservative., antimicrobial activity, siwak, preservation

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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