Judul: Sifat Fisik dan Organoleptik Minuman Instan Madu Bubuk dengan Penambahan Efek Effervescent dari Tepung Kerabang Telur
Abstrak: Egg shell is one of animal by products from poultry. Egg shell has potential element that we can explore to raise nutrition value of food products. A lot of advantages if we combine egg shell with other food materials. Eggshell element that can be used for further process is CaCO3. CaCO3 contains a lot of carbonate and calcium. Carbonate from egg shell can be used to create effervescent effect in instant beverages. Effervescent effect will appear as a result from reaction between carbonate and acid element. Instant beverage which used in this research was honey powder. Combination between honey powder and egg shell would create product which contain high nutritional ingredients. Completely Randomized Design with three level treatments and four replications was used in this research. Physical characteristics which observed were pH value, solubility value, adsorption water value, bulky capacity, colour and granules shape. Organoleptic parameters were taste, colour, sparkle, effervescent effect, general acceptability. Analysis of variance showed that the treatments were significantly different (P<0,05) in pH value (level A had lower pH value and level C was the higher one), adsorption water value (level A had lower adsorption water value and level C was the higher one) and general acceptability (level B was the best acceptability than others) . The results from this research indicate that egg shell can used as carbonate source to create effervescent effect in beverages. Continuing research could be done to increase sweetnest level, to analyze kinds of packaging matter and to analyze kinds of saccharides from this product.
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Judul: Karakteristik Kimia dan Organoleptik Minuman Instan Madu Bubuk dengan Penambahan Kerabang Telur sebagai Sumber Kalsium
Abstrak: Egg shell has a big potential about its calcium carbonate contents, approximately 94% from total weight of it. Therefore it can be used as food additive to increase human nutrition values, especially in calcium elements. The Objective of this research was to create high calcium honey powder instant beverage from honey powder (HP), egg shell meal (EM), , citric acid (CA) and sucrose (S). This research was also conducted to evaluate chemical characteristic and costumer’s acceptability of the product. This research used Completely Randomized Design with three level formulations and four replications. The formulations were (A) 45% HP, 25% S, 17% CA, 13% EM; (B) 50% HP, 25% S, 14% CA, 11% EM dan (C) 55% HP, 25% S, 11% CA, 9% EM. The result showed that formulations didn’t significantly effected water content (4,59%), titrated total acid (16ml NaOH 0,1N/g) and calcium content (221mg/100g), but significantly effected ash content (5,4–7,6%). The colour of powder, taste of sparkle, texture and general perception of the three honey powder instant were not different. On the hand, the colour of solution and taste of acid were different and the panelist liked the A formulation beverage more than the others.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular