Judul: Efisiensi Ekonomis dan Pendapatan Pengusaha Peserta Intensifikasi Tambak
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian adalah ingin melihat dan mengetahui pengaruh penggunaan faktor produksi terhadap hasil produksi optimal serta pelaksanaan intensifikasi tambak di daerah penelitian. Kasus yang diambil adalah terjadi di Kecamatan Sedati Kabupaten Sidoarjo Jawa Timur. Penelitian dilakukan mulai bulan Juni 1988 sampai bulan Desember 1988.
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Judul: Keefisienan Usaha Tani Produksi Padi Sawah Intensifikasi di Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Peningkatan pendapatan petani melalui peningkatan produksi padi dengan jalan memperluas lahan sulit dilaksanakan, cara lain ialah dengan jalan penggunaan tehnologi pertanian yang tepat yaitu dengan menerapkan program kemasan panca usaha. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga suatu hubungan fungsi antara produksi padi sawah dengen faktor- faktor produksinya, suatu fungsi yang diharapkan dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu pertimbangan dalam usaha mencari kombinasi faktor froduksi padi sawah yang menguntungkan petani. Konsep keelastisan faktor-faktor produksi digunakan sebagai dasar penelitian masukkan korbanan yang digunakan. Rata-rata produksi dan rata-rata pendapatan per hektar digunakan sebagai dasar penilaian keefisienan jenis intensifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa jenis Intensifikasi Inmum Inmas adalah yang paling efisien dibanding jenis Intensifikasi lainnya, selanjutnya Intensifikasi Bimas dan jenis Non Intensifikasi adalah jenis tensifikasi yang tidak efisien. Berdasarkan nilai elastisitas maka pada jenis Non Intensifikasi pertambahan luas panen, jumlah pekerja tak dibayar, dan jumlah pekerja dibayar, diramalkan akan menaikkan produksi, tetapi pertambahan bibit akan menurunkan kan produksi. Pada Insus Bimas, pertambahan bibit diramalkan akan menaikkan produksi, tetapi pertambahan insektisida akan menurunkan produksi. Pada Insus Inmas adanya pertambahan kuantitas pupuk, luas panen, diramalkan akan menaikkan produksi. Pada Inmum Bimas, pertambahan pekerja dibayar dan luas panen diramalkan akan menaikkan produksi. Pada Inmum Inmas adanya pertambahan luas panen, kuantitas pupuk, kuantitas bibit, pekerja di bayar, dan kuantitan insektisida, diramalkan akan menaikkan produksi. Model fungsi yang sesuai dengan data yang ada, untuk jenis-jenis Non Intensifikasi, Insus Bimas, Insus Inmas, dan Inmum Bimas adalah model fungsi Linear tetapi untuk Inmum Inmas adalah model fungsi. Cobb-Douglas.
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Judul: Peran burung air liar dalam penyebaran virus avian influenza subtipe H5N1 di Cagar Alam Pulau Dua
Abstrak: Waterfowls such as ducks, muscovy, and swans are natural reservoir of influenza virus subtype H5N1. In natural reservoir, the AI virus is Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI). Instead of domestic waterfowls, wild waterbird species could also have a role in spreading AI subtype H5N1 virus. So far LPAI have been isolated from 105 species of wild birds, most of them were from Anseriformes and Charadiiformes order. Presumption that wild birds and migratory birds have a role in spreading AI virus, has not been proven until now because the intensive research has not been done. The mortality rate of wild waterbirds that reported in several countries, had not clearly explained the cause of death. The objectives of this research were (1) to estimate the seroprevalence of AI virus subtype H5N1 from residence wild waterbirds, in Pulau Dua Nature Reverse; (2) to identify the Mx gene as resistant anti viral gene from AI virus in wild waterbirds; (3) to identify the presence of AI virus subtype H5N1 on residence waterbirds in Pulau Dua Nature Reverse, also to observe the potential of wild waterbirds as reservoir for spreading AI virus subtype H5N1 The serological test to detect the presence of antibody antiviral AI virus subtype H5N1 was used to determine the exposure of AI virus subtype H5N1 among wild waterbirds in CAPD. Since antibody is the substance that appear in individual exposed when they are exposed by the strange antigen. The serosurveillans from wild waterbirds in CPAD had been done in 2008, 2010 and 2011. Serological test by Haemagglutinin-inhibition (HI) showed that six from nine species of residence wild waterbirds in CPAD produced antibody AI virus H5N1. It is explain that that those species were exposed by AI virus subtype H5N1 with low antibody titer. The low antibody titer can be caused by several factors such as AI virus exposure occurring indirectly, there was a small number of virus that exposure to wild waterbirds, the exposure time was very short, and the virus was low pathogenic. Indirect transmission occurred through the water as the source of drinking water for wild and domestic waterbirds, through saliva and nasal secretions and feces. Water as a media for transmission virus where there were interactions between wild waterbirds, waterfowls and domestic birds. Mx protein as part of dynamin super family (GTP ase) is a part of the innate immune system. Mx proteins were known to have the ability to inhibit the replication of various viruses. Mx protein coded by Mx genes that specifically anti-viral influenza in several animals. Mx gene was the one of the several genes that regulated myxovirus resistance. DNA of eight wild waterbirds species and three domestic birds (chicken, duck and Muscovy) around CAPD were examined by PCR using NE-F2 and NER2/ R primer obtaining PCR product with a length of 100 bp band. It indicated that most birds could have 100 bp band. These results explained that the Mx gene in residence wild waterbirds from CAPD could be the same as in the chicken, muscovy and duck. The results of PCR-RFLP in wild waterbirds and
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