Judul: Coastal Vulnerability Mapping of Tsunami using Geographic Information System in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province
Abstrak: Bali merupakan salah wilayah yang dinyatakan rawan bencana karena memiliki posisi geografis yang diapit oleh dua sumber gempa berupa zona subduksi dan back-arc thrust yang menjadi potensi timbulnya tsunami di wilayah Bali. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan memetakan tingkat kerawanan pantai terhadap tsunami di Kabupaten Buleleng, Provinsi Bali. Peta kerawanan pantai dibuat dengan metode tumpang susun (overlay) beberapa parameter penentu kerawanan menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG). Parameter yang digunakan yaitu elevasi daratan, kemiringan lahan, penggunaan lahan, jarak dari pantai, dan jarak dari sungai. Tingkat kerawanan pantai terhadap tsunami di Kabupaten Buleleng terbagi menjadi lima kelas kerawanan, yaitu sangat aman (R1) dengan luas sebesar 35.466,9 ha, aman (R2) dengan luas sebesar 70.485,0 ha, agak rawan (R3) dengan luas sebesar 17.645,0 ha, rawan (R4) dengan luas sebesar 6.903,3 ha, dan sangat rawan (R5) dengan luas sebesar 438,9 ha, Bali is one of the areas that prone to disasters because it has geographical position that is flanked by two earthquake sources in the form of subduction zone and back-arc thrust which is potential for a tsunami to occur in the Bali region. This research aims to identify and map the level of coastal vulnerability to the tsunami in Buleleng Regency, Bali Province. The map was carried out using the method of Geographic Information System (GIS). The parameters used in analyzing the level of tsunami vulnerability were land elevation, land slope, land use, distance from the beach, and distance from the river. The level of coastal vulnerability to tsunamis in Buleleng Regency was grouped into five classes of vulnerability, namely very safe (R1) with an area of 35,466.9 ha, safe (R2) with an area of 70,485.0 ha, moderately vulnerable (R3) with an area of 17,645, 0 ha, vulnerable (R4) with an area of 6,903.3 ha, and very vulnerable (R5) with an area of 438.9 ha.
Keyword: Buleleng, coastal vulnerability, GIS, mapping, tsunami

Judul: Mapping the Level of Coastal Vulnerability to Tsunami Disaster on the South Coast of Cilacap Regency, Central Java
Abstrak: Wilayah pantai selatan Kabupaten Cilacap termasuk salah satu wilayah yang mempunyai probabilitas yang tinggi dipengaruhi bencana gempa bumi dan tsunami. Hal ini disebabkan posisi wilayah Kabupaten Cilacap yang sangat dekat dengan pertemuan Lempeng Indo-Australia dan Lempeng Eurasia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi, memetakan dan menganalisis penyebaran tingkat kerentanan tsunami di wilayah pantai selatan Kabupaten Cilacap, Jawa Tengah. Peta kerentanan tsunami dibuat menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan metode tumpang susun (overlay) dengan lima parameter, yaitu elevasi daratan, kemiringan lahan, jarak dari garis pantai, jarak dari sungai, dan penggunaan lahan. Penelitian dibagi menjadi dua tahap yaitu tahap pengumpulan serta pengolahan data dan tahap survei lapang yang dilakukan di 4 kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Cilacap Selatan, Kecamatan Cilacap Utara, Kecamatan Kesugihan dan Kecamatan Adipala. Klasifikasi tingkat kerentanan tsunami dibagi menjadi lima kelas yaitu sangat rendah dengan luas wilayah sebesar 268 ha (0,25%), rendah dengan luas wilayah sebesar 18.708,94 ha (17,16%), sedang dengan luas wilayah sebesar 54.510,29 ha (50%), tinggi dengan memiliki luas wilayah sebesar 33.711,67 ha (30,92%) dan sangat tinggi dengan luas wilayah sebesar 1.815,90 ha (1,67%)., The southern coastal area of Cilacap Regency is one of the areas that has a high probability of being affected by earthquakes and tsunamis. This is due to the position of the Cilacap Regency area which is very close to the meeting of the IndoAustralian Plate and the Eurasian Plate. This study aims to identify, map and analyze the distribution of tsunami vulnerability levels in the southern coastal area of Cilacap Regency, Central Java. The tsunami vulnerability map was created using the Geographic Information System (GIS) with the overlay method using five parameters, namely land elevation, land slope, distance from the coastline, distance from the river, and land use. The research was divided into two stages, namely the data collection and processing stage and the field survey stage carried out in 4 subdistricts, including the Sub-District of South Cilacap, North Cilacap, and Adipala. The classification of tsunami vulnerability level is divided into five classes: very low with an area of 268 ha (0,25%), low with an area of 18.708,94 ha (17,16%), medium with an area of 54.510,29 ha (50%), high with an area of 33.711,67 ha (30,92%) and very high with an area of 1.815,90 ha (1,67%).
Keyword: Cilacap Regency, Coastal Vulnerability, GIS, Tsunami

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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