Judul: Dampak Ekonomi dan Pengelolaan Wisata Berdasarkan Daya Dukung Kawasan di Pemandian Air Panas Nganget Kabupaten Tuban
Abstrak: Pemandian Air Panas (PAP) Nganget terletak di Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur. Mata air panas mengandung belerang merupakan potensi wisata alam yang menjadi daya tarik utama untuk dikunjungi. Daya tarik tersebut menyebabkan kunjungan wisatawan meningkat setiap tahun. Peningkatan kunjungan wisatawan dapat memberikan dampak ekonomi bagi masyarakat sekitar, akan tetapi juga dapat meningkatkan potensi terganggunya kelestarian lingkungan sehingga mengakibatkan ketidakberlanjutan wisata alam. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengestimasi dampak ekonomi yang ditimbulkan kegiatan wisata, (2) mengestimasi kapasitas daya dukung kawasan (DDK) pada kondisi normal dan new normal, dan (3) menganalisis perubahan jumlah kunjungan wisatawan. Metode yang digunakan adalah multiplier effect, Cifuentes, dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keynesian multiplier effect (KME) di PAP Nganget sebesar 0,6; ratio income multiplier tipe I sebesar 1,86; dan tipe II sebesar 2. Kapasitas DDK PAP Nganget kondisi normal sebesar 321 orang/hari, sedangkan kondisi new normal sebesar 195 orang/hari. PAP Nganget masih under carrying capacity dari segi fisiknya, namun dari segi ekologi dan manajemen telah over carrying capacity yang dapat berdampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Diperlukan upaya pembatasan jumlah pengunjung yang disesuaikan dengan hasil daya dukung efektif. Pembatasan jumlah pengunjung saat kondisi normal sesuai DDK akan menurunkan KME menjadi 0,53, sedangkan saat kondisi new normal turun menjadi 0,41.
Keyword: Cifuentes, multiplier effect, nature tourism, sustainable tourism

Judul: Analisis Dampak Ekonomi dan Daya Dukung Kawasan Wisata Gunung Pananjakan Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara yang memiliki berbagai potensi wisata. Banyak tempat yang menjadi daya tarik bagi para wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara untuk datang berlibur ke Indonesia, salah satunya adalah Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS). Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru merupakan salah satu objek wisata di Jawa Timur yang didalamnya terdapat banyak obyek wisata menarik yang bisa dinikmati, seperti Wisata Sunrise di Gunung Penanjakan. Banyaknya jumlah wisatawan yang berkunjung memberikan dampak ekonomi pada masyarakat sekitar, namun hal tersebut juga dapat memberikan dampak negatif bagi lingkungan akibat adanya potensi over carrying capacity. Di sisi lain pembatasan jumlah pengunjung sesuai carrying capacity diduga dapat menurunkan dampak ekonomi kawasan Gunung Pananjakan. Oleh karena itu perlu dikaji dampak ekonomi dari kegiatan wisata dan daya dukung kawasan Gunung Pananjakan terhadap kegiatan wisata, serta pengaruh penerapan jumlah pengunjung sesuai carrying capacity terhadap dampak ekonomi di kawasan wisata Pananjakan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif, Keynesian Multiplier Effect dan analisis daya dukung kawasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Keynesian Multiplier Effect adalah lebih dari 1 atau wisata Gunung Pananjakan telah memberikan dampak ekonomi pada masyarakat lokal, kawasan wisata Gunung Pananjakan telah mengalami over carrying capacity pada saat peak season, dan bila jumlah pengunjung dibatasi sesuai dengan carrying capacity akan mengakibatkan penurunan dampak ekonomi kawasan.
Keyword: dampak ekonomi, daya dukung kawasan, Gunung Pananjakan, multiplier effect, TNBTS

Judul: Algorithm Construction of HLI Hash Function
Abstrak: Cryptography is a study of mathematical techniques related to aspects of information security regarding on confidentiality, data integrity, entity authentication, and data origin authentication. Data integrity is a service, which is associated with the conversion of data carried out by unauthorized parties. To maintain data integrity, one can use hash functions. An hash function is a computationally efficient function to map an arbitrary length bitstring to a fixed length bitstring called as hash value. The use of hash function in maintaining the information integrity and authentication is in digital signatures, virus protection, and software distribution. Illustration of the hash function in the integrity and authentication of information that is emailed as follow. The sender sends the information and hash value to the recipient. If the hash value of the information is equal to the hash value that is sent by the sender, then information has not been changed. Otherwise the information has been changed. An hash function has two properties, one way and collision resistance. An hash function is called one way if it is computationally infeasible to find any input such that when given any hash value . Meanwhile an hash function is called collision resistant if it is computationally infeasible to find any two inputs where such that . The purpose of this study is to construct a HLI hash function algorithm, to analyze the speed and security of the hash functions as a results of construction. Furthermore, it is to compare it with SWIFFT. Hash function is constructed based on the result of algebraic operations on modular polynomial ringwith . Modular polynomial ring noted as is a set of all polynomials of degree at most with coefficients in . can be represented as a set of integer vector of modulo in dimension . So, it is simple to implement in a computer. In vector operations, is lattice . Furthermore, alattice that is defined from certain polynomial ring is called ideal lattice. HLI hash function is consists of addition and multiplication algorithm in the ring. Addition algorithm consists of sumation operations of modulo and multiplication consists of multiplication operations of modulo . Generally, algorithm of HLI hash function consists of multiplication operations of modulo and addition operations of modulo . However, if the input is binary number then multiplication algorithm only consists of multiplication operation of modulo , so algorithm of HLI hash function consists of multiplication operations of modulo and addtion operations of modulo . An hash function is secured if it has two properties, i.e., one way and collision resistance. HLI hash function hash is one way, it is following the proof of Micciancio. It is has collision resistant because of polynomial is irreducible over and monic. Moreover, it is proved that for every unit vector , the vector is small vector. If the input of hash function is a binary number then HLI hash function only involves addition operations of modulo . So the time that used almost same with SWIFFT. The excellence of HLI hash function is the key size smaller than SWIFFT. This effect on
Keyword: hash function, modular polynomial ring, lattice