Judul: Kajian Penerapan Strategi Produksi Bersih Di Sentra Industri Kecil Tapioka : Kasus Kelurahan Ciluar, Kecamatan Bogor Utara
Abstrak: The centralization of small scale industry has caused accumulation of industrial wastes being able to pollute the surrounding environment. One of centralization of small scale industry having the potential to cause environment problems is tapioca industry. One of tapioca small industry centers in Bogor can be found in Ciluar, North Bogor Sub-District. Environment problems as the impact of industrial activities can be solved by applying cleaner production strategy. Cleaner production is aimed to increase the efficiency of material usage and minimizing wastes, pollution, and environmental risks directly to the source. This research was aimed to study (1) the potentials of cleaner production application and industrial environment management, (2) to formulate alternatives of the cleaner production strategy for centralized small scale tapioca industry in Ciluar. The data being used consists of primary data (field observation, interviews, and questionnaires for experts) and secondary data. The implementation of cleaner production was analyzed based on technological, financial, and political aspects. The method of analysis being used was AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process). The centralized small scale tapioca industry in Ciluar produces crude tapioca to be sold to tapioca sieving industry. The solid wastes being produced is dried (onggok) to be sold. Meanwhile the waste water is drained to river without treatment. The suggestion for improvement activities consist of good housekeeping (worker training, water usage monitoring); increasing the rendemen with gobegan, keeping the quality by washing settling tanks everyday, and workers monitoring. Those activities need Rp.10.052.000 of capital with PBP 1 year and 7 months. AHP analysis resulted in the recommendation to maximize crude tapioca production efficiency by applying cleaner production has denoted that technology (0,434) is the most important factor, followed by capital (0,377) and regional government policy (0,189). The priority of cleaner production program is socialization and training of cleaner production application (0,429), integrated waste management (0,328), and socialization and training of crude tapioca quality increasing procedures (0,243). The strategy of cleaner production implementation consists of: (1) socialization and training of cleaner production by: a) increasing the awareness and motivation of businessman in maintaining environmental quality, b) accompanying group development; (2) accelerating production efficiency, (3) increasing the role of government; (4) increasing vocalism of tapioca producer in Ciluar.
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Judul: Kajian Implementasi Produksi Bersih di Industri Penyamakan Kulit (Kasus Desa Cibuluh, Kecamatan Bogor Utara)
Abstrak: Leather tanning industries are industries that process animal skin to produce finish leather product by using many stages of process. Every stage of the process will generate a large amount of wastes, either liquid or solid wastes. If the waste is not treated properly, it will cause environmental pollution. Implementation of cleaner production strategy can be used to solve this problem. This research studies the potentials of cleaner production application and alternative of cleaner production strategy in order to develop environmental friendly tanning industry in Cibuluh. The method used was process identification, waste sourch identification, and cleaner production analysis strategy. The cleaner production alternatives which are potential to be applied are design of installation wastewater to IPAL with pipe from molen machine, reuse wastewater from pre soaking process for the next batch, separation wastewater from hair and flesh, processing of fleshing waste for fat, and recycle chromium from tanning wastewater. Based on the priority alternative, three options were selected, namely recycle chromium from tanning wastewater, separation wastewater from hair and flesh, and reuse wastewater from pre soaking process for the next batch. The total investment of these option is Rp 2,059,500,- with pay back period (PBP) of 0.17 month. The Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis result shows that industrial policy is the most important factor to minimize waste product of tanning industry. The priority of cleaner production program from AHP analysis is recycle chromium from tanning wastewater which is consistent to that resulted from field study.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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