Judul: The Role of Rhizobacteria and Ecoenzyme in The Growth Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk.)
Abstrak: Inokulasi rizobakteri dan aplikasi ekoenzim diketahui dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji potensi rizobakteri dan ekoenzim terhadap pertumbuhan Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan tersarang dengan ekoenzim sebagai anak petak yang tersarang pada inokulasi rizobakteri (Serratia marcecscens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, dan campuran S. marcescens + S. maltophilia) sebagai petak utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inokulasi rizobakteri dan aplikasi ekoenzim tidak berpengaruh terhadap tinggi, diameter, jumlah daun baru, berat basah total, berat kering total, dan kadar air bibit. Jumlah tunas baru pada perlakuan inokulasi S. marcescens tanpa ekoenzim meningkat sebesar 112,5% dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Aplikasi ekoenzim pada bibit yang diinokulasi rizobakteri dapat merangsang pertumbuhan akar dan warna daun yang lebih hijau. Nilai nisbah pucuk akar dan indeks mutu bibit gaharu yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bibit siap dipindahkan ke lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mengaplikasikan pupuk hayati pada tanaman kehutanan, khususnya pada jenis yang pertumbuhannya lambat., Rhizobacteria inoculation and ecoenzyme application can improve seeds' growth. This research aims to study the potency of rhizobacteria and ecoenzyme to improve Aquilaria malaccensis Lamk. growth. The experimental design used a nested plot design where ecoenzyme as the sub-plot that nested in rhizobacteria inoculation (Serratia marcecscens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and the mix of S. marcecscens + S. maltophilia) as the main plot. The results showed that rhizobacteria inoculation and ecoenzyme application were no significant impact on improve the plant height, diameter, amount of new leaves, total fresh weight, total dry weight, and plant moisture content. The new shoots on S. marcescens inoculation without ecoenzyme increased 112,5% compared to the control. Application of ecoenzyme to the plants inoculated by rhizobacteria promoted root growth and made the leaves got greener. Shoot root ratio and seedling quality index showed that seeds were ready to transplant in the field. The results of this study can be used as a reference in applying biofertilizers to forestry plants, especially the slow-growing species.
Keyword: Aquilaria malaccensis, ecoenzyme, Serratia marcescens, Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, leaf color

Judul: Effect of Endophytic Fungi Inoculation and Ecoenzyme on the Growth of Gmelina (Gmelina arborea (Roxb.)) Seedlings
Abstrak: Tanaman selama pertumbuhannya memerlukan nutrisi, dan dapat bersimbiosis dengan mikrob bermanfaat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh inokulasi cendawan endofit dan ekoenzim terhadap pertumbuhan bibit gmelina. Cendawan endofit yang digunakan yaitu Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., dan Arthrinium malaysianum. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan tersarang (nested) dengan ekoenzim sebagai anak petak yang tersarang pada inokulasi cendawan endofit sebagai petak utama. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan inokulasi cendawan endofit A. malaysianum menurunkan pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter bibit gmelina. Inokulasi Ascotricha sp. menurunkan pertumbuhan tinggi bibit gmelina, dan inokulasi Ochroconis sp. menurunkan pertumbuhan diameter bibit gmelina. Inokulasi cendawan endofit tanpa ekoenzim menghasilkan akar yang lebih panjang. Nilai nisbah pucuk akar dan indeks mutu bibit gmelina yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bibit telah siap untuk dipindahkan ke lapangan. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan dalam mengaplikasikan pupuk hayati pada tanaman kehutanan., Plants during their growth require nutrients, and can symbiosis with beneficial microbes. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of endophytic fungi inoculation and ecoenzymes on the growth of gmelina seedlings. The endophytic fungi used were Ochroconis sp., Ascotricha sp., and Arthrinium malaysianum. This study uses a nested design with ecoenzyme as subplots nested on endophytic fungi inoculation as the main plot. The results showed that inoculation of the endophytic fungi A. malaysianum decreased the growth of gmelina seedling height and diameter. Inoculation of Ascotricha sp. decreased the growth of gmelina seedling height, and inoculation of Ochroconis sp. decreased the growth of gmelina seedling diameter. Endophytic fungi inoculation without ecoenzymes resulted in longer roots. As a result, shoot root ratio and seedling quality index showed that gmelina seedlings were ready to transplant in the field. The results of this study can be used as a reference in applying biological fertilizers to forestry plants.
Keyword: Arthrinium malaysianum, Ascotricha sp., Gmelina arborea, Ochroconis sp., seedling growth

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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