Judul: Karakteristik sosis rasa ayam dari surimi ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) dengan penambahan isolat protein kedelai
Abstrak: Sosis merupakan salah satu produk diversifikasi olahan pangan digemari oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) saat ini cukup potensial untuk dimanfaatkan dan diolah. Sebagian masyarakat tidak menyukai lele dumbo karena bau amis. Oleh karena itu sosis ikan lele dumbo ini dibuat dengan penambahan perasa ayam. Komponen lain yang ditambahkan yaitu isolat protein kedelai (IPK), berfungsi sebagai bahan pengikat dan pengisi untuk menggantikan kandungan protein pada sosis ikan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat produk diversifikasi olahan dari ikan lele dumbo dalam bentuk sosis, menemukan konsentrasi isolat protein kedelai (IPK) untuk menghasilkan sosis ikan terpilih, menganalisis karakteristik fisik dan nilai gizi yang terkandung dalam sosis ikan lele dumbo dan membandingkan sosis ikan lele dumbo dengan sosis komersial.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan surimi ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) dalam pembuatan sosis rasa sapi dengan penambahan isolat protein kedelai
Abstrak: Ikan sebagai salah satu sumber protein hewani mengandung semua jenis asam amino essensial yang diperlukan oleh tubuh manusia. Berbagai upaya perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan konsumsi ikan, salah satunya dengan diversifikasi pengolahan hasil perikanan. Pemanfaatan ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) sebagai bahan pangan sumber protein diharapkan mampu mengubah pola makan masyarakat yang masih rendah terhadap konsumsi ikan. Penambahan isolat protein kedelai yang tepat diharapkan mampu menghasilkan sosis ikan yang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat secara luas. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan meliputi tahap pencucian daging lumat, sedangkan pada penelitian utama yaitu penambahan konsentrasi isolat protein kedelai pada sosis ikan. Konsentrasi isolat protein kedelai yang digunakan yaitu 10%; 13%; 16% dan 19% (b/b). Karakteristik sosis ikan yang dievaluasi meliputi analisis fisik, uji sensori, analisis kimia dan mikrobiologi.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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