Judul: Efisiensi Pemasaran Pepaya California di Desa Rancabungur dan Desa Mekarsari Kecamatan Rancabungur Kabupaten Bogor Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Pepaya california is one of commodities that potentially to be developed. In rancabungur, there are farmer‘s who join with the farmer‘s group and individual farmer. The results of this research show that there are 7 formed marketing channels of individual farmers. The most efiicient marketing channels of individual farmer‘s is the fifth marketing channel (farmers—retailer—end consumers) because it is has the smallest marketing margin, the biggest farmer‘s share and π/C ratio value is more than one. There are 4 formed marketing channels of farmer‘s groups. The most efficient marketing channels is the first marketing channel (farmer— farmer‘s group—retailer—end consumers). It is because has the smallest marketing margin, the biggest farmer‘s share and π/C ratio value is more than one.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), farmer‘s group, pepaya california, marketing channels, efficiency

Judul: Analisis pendapatan usahatani dan saluran pemasaran pepaya California (Kasus: desa Cimande dan desa Lemahduhur, kecamatan Caringin, kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Pepaya merupakan tanaman buah berupa herba dari famili Caricaceae dan merupakan komoditi hortikultura yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Salah satu jenis pepaya yang saat ini digemari petani untuk dikembangkan adalah pepaya California. Pepaya California merupakan varietas pepaya baru yang kini digemari para petani karena menjanjikan keuntungan. Adanya permintaan dari supermarket yang berkelanjutan terhadap pepaya California, dapat menjadi daya tarik tersendiri bagi para petani untuk melakukan kegiatan usahatani pepaya California tersebut. Adanya luas lahan yang tidak seragam yang dimiliki setiap petani, akan menyebabkan jumlah produksi yang dihasilkan juga berbeda. Tinggi rendahnya tingkat pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang dimiliki oleh para petani untuk melakukan kegiatan usahatani pepaya California tersebut, juga sangat berpengaruh terhadap besarnya jumlah produksi yang dihasilkannya. Besarnya tingkat penggunaan input (seperti pupuk, bibit dan tenaga kerja) akan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat pendapatan yang diperoleh masing-masing petani. Selain itu, penetapan harga jual pepaya California yang dilakukan oleh para petani akan mempengaruhi besarnya tingkat pendapatan yang diperoleh.
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Judul: Mercury Toxicity and It’s Effect on Histopathology Change of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Abstrak: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of fish species that oportunity to contaminated with mercury. The effects of pollutants can damage living organisms organs and can cause death. The effects caused mercury had acute or chronic character. The aims of this study are to determine threshold and acute toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), to assess the effect of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on several biometric parameters (survival, growth rate of average daily weighted, liver condition, bile and reproductive variability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), assess the level of damage to the histological structure of the gills, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure. This study was conducted from February to June 2013. Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study were female with average weight 20 grams or 11-13 cm length range. Toxicant materials used in this study was mercury chloride (HgCl2). Fish were reared in each aquarium 60x40x30 containing 48 liters of water. This study consists of three stages: a preliminary test, acute test, and sub-chronic test. To determine the changes in biometric condition of tilapia approximated by measuring the survival rate (SR), the growth rate of average daily weight , the content of mercury in the fish organs, hepatosomatic index (HSI), the relative bile volume (VER), gonadal soamtic index (IKG), fecundity and oocit diameter, tissue damage caused by mercury in fish organs by making histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The median lethal concentration (96 hr, LC50) of Mercury Chloride was calculated as 1,64 mgL--1.The survival rate was highest in the control treatment (46,67 %) . Mercury chloride with concentration 0.196 mgL--1 show significant effect to changes HSI and relative bile volume, and oocyte diameter of Nile tilapia (p < 0,05). Mercury chloride with a concentration of 0,164 mgL-1 and 0,196 mgL-1 have not a significant effect on the growth rate of weight, gonadal somatic index and fecundity of Nile tilapia (p > 0,05). Mercury chloride cause damage to gills (hyperplasia, hypertrophy, proliferation and neukrosis), liver (hyperplasia, hemorhage, shrinkage of hepatocytes, proliferation and neukrosis) and kidney (hyperplasia, hemorrhage, shrinkage of the glomerulus, proliferation and neukrosis).
Keyword: Nile tilapia, Hepatosomatic indexs (HSI), histopathology