Judul: Rainfall Behavior in some Area Over Indonesia When Monsoon and Dipole Mode Phenomenon have Interaction
Abstrak: Penelitian ini didasarkan pada Monsun sebagai salah satu fenomena iklim regional. Selain itu Indian Ocean Dipole merupakan fenomena couple antara atmosfer dan laut yang memiliki peran penting dalam variabilitas curah hujan di Indonesia. Menurut itu, studi ini dilakukan dengan asumsi ketika Monsun dan IOD berinteraksi. Kajian wilayah studi curah hujan meliputi Lampung, Pontianak, Indramayu dan Banjar Baru untuk periode Januari 1998 – Agustus 2010 dengan menggunakan data TRMM 3B43. Data indeks monsun yang digunakan adalah ISMI (Indian Summer Monsoon Index), WNPMI (Western North Pacific Monsoon Index) dan AUSMI (Australian Monsoon Index). Hasil Power Spektral Density (PSD) dan Analisis Wavelet pada anomali curah hujan dan data indeks monsun menunjukkan pola osilasi dominan 12 bulanan dimana curah hujan dan sinyal monsun yang kuat. Sedangkan pola osilasi dominan IOD sekitar 38 bulan. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan antara anomali curah hujan dengan data AUSMI. Oleh karena itu, AUSMI dan IOD dapat digunakan untuk menganalisis varibialitas curah hujan di Indonesia. Dalam studi ini, model prediksi fenomena interkoneksi antara AUSMI dan IOD dikembangkan dengan menggunakan metode regresi multivariat dengan model awal masing-masing wilayah kajian Lampung Yt = 0.153Xt + 0.066Xt-1 + 0.021Xt-2 + 0.79901, Pontianak Yt = 0.053Xt-1 + 0.011Xt-2 – 0.076Xt-3 + 1.33557, Banjarbaru Yt = 0.108Xt + 0.098Xt-1 – 0.006Xt-2 + 1.10343, dan Indramayu Yt = 0.162Xt + 0.122Xt-1 – 0.004Xt-2 + 0.94325. Metode Box-Jenkins berdasarkan ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) digunakan untuk prediksi data deret waktu anomali curah hujan untuk Lampung adalah ARMA (2,2)4 dengan pesamaan Zt = -0,0245Zt-12 - 0,9711Zt-24 + at -0,0013at-12 + 0,8560at-24. Model prediksi untuk Pontianak adalah ARMA (2,2)12 dengan Zt = 0.0319Zt-12 + 0.96171Zt-24 + at + 0.0388at -12 + 0.8428at-24, Banjar baru adalah ARMA (1,1)12 dengan Zt = 0.9967Zt-12 + at + 0.8967at-12, dan Indramayu adalah ARMA (1,1)12 with Zt = -1,0037Zt-12 + at + 0,9363at-12 Berdasarkan dari nilai koefisien korelasi, Lampung dan Indramayu memiliki model prediksi curah hujan yang baik.
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Judul: Penerapan Model ARIMA untuk Prediksi Anomali Curah Hujan Berdasarkan Indeks Monsun dan El Niño di Beberapa Kawasan di Indonesia.
Abstrak: This study based on atmosphere-ocean interaction that is very important to be investigated because of its influences to the rainfall variability over Indonesia. This study aims to investigate Monsoon and Niño 3.4 interaction in influencing rainfall fluctuation over Indonesia. The study areas cover Lampung, Sumbawa Besar, Indramayu, Banjarbaru, and Pandeglang from Januari 1976 - Desember 2000. The results of Power Spectral Density (PSD) and Wavelet analysis on rainfall anomaly and monsoon index data show strong at 12 months. Dominant oscillation pattern of Niño 3.4 is about 60 months. The result of regression analyses shows more significant relation between rainfall anomaly and AUSMI (Australian Monsoon Index) and WNPMI (Western North Pacific Monsoon Index). Therefore, it is suggested that the Monsoon (AUSMI and WNPMI) and El-Niño(Niño 3.4) can be used for further analysis. This study was undertaken with assumption that Monsoon oscillation and El-Niño are interacted and the model is developed by using multivariate regression method: Y = a + bAUSMI + cWNPMI + dNiño3.4. By using Box-Jenkins method based on ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average), the prediction model that is close to observed time series data of rainfall anomaly is ARIMA (1,0,1)12 with model equation Zt = 0.9989Zt-12 - 0.9338at-12 + at (AUSMI), ARIMA (1,1,1)12 with model equation Zt = -0.0674Zt-12 + Zt-12 - Zt-24 - 0.9347at-12 + at,(WNPMI), dan ARIMA (2,0,2) with model equation Zt = 3.594Zt-1 -0.8362Zt-2 – 1.634at-1 - 0.1053at-2 + at (NINO3.4). Model equation shows that time series data forecast of rainfall anomaly depend on previous “t” months data and previous ”t” months error.
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Judul: Gene Editing  of Two Cyanide Synthesis-related Genes in Cassava using CRISPR/Cas9
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) contain toxic quantities of cyanogenic glucoside. Reducing the potentially toxic cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava could be achieved by gene editing through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats – CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a high- precision genome editing technique in plants. Two cassava UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGT) paralogs, UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, are the genes catalyzing the synthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in plants. The study aimed to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant vector carrying single guide RNA (sgRNA) to edit UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 genes, and transform sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct into KU50 cassava calli. Five sgRNAs were designed, considering the on/off target efficiency score and GC content. Those sgRNAs were ligated into pRGEB32 plasmid and introduced to competent Escherichia coli DH5a. The PCR colony and DNA sequencing were performed to verify the sgRNA insert. The amplicons showed the expected band size of recombinant vector (180 bp). Based on sequencing results, only one sgRNA was successfully ligated into the plasmid that will be used to edit the UGT85K5 gene. The sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct in pRGEB32 plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into KU50 cassava calli through co-cultivation. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium occurred after the co-cultivation phase.
Keyword: CRISPR/Cas9, Cyanogenic glucoside, Gene editing, sgRNA