Judul: Community structure of hymenopteran parasitoid in oil palm plantations, pandu Senjaya Village, Pangkalan Lada district, Central Kalimantan.
Abstrak: The focus of this research was to understanding the community pattern of lepidopteran pests in oil palm plantation, based on effects of oil palm age gradient and the present of the flowering plant Turnera subulata J.E.Smith (Parietales: Turneraceae) on hymenopteran parasitoid community. This research was conducted in Central Kalimantan between September 2011 and June 2012. In total, as much as 17 species of lepidopteran pests were identified to infest oil palm by surveying 976 trees from three different ages of oil palm plantations. Limacodidae was found to be the most specious and abundant family inhabiting oil palm plantations in the study area. Setora nitens Walker (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) was recorded to be the most abundant species. Abundance structure of lepidopteran pests seems to be different for different ages of oil palm. S. nitens was found to be dominant in less than three years old oil palms and bagworm was dominant in six years old oil palms. Only five pests species were parasitized by parasitoids including Birthamula chara Swinhoe (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), Darna diducta Snellen (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), Darna trima Moore (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae), Darna bradleyi Holloway (Lepidoptera: Limacodidae) and ulat bulu-3 (Lepidoptera: Limantriidae). Parasitizing parasitoids were Braconidae-y (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), Euplectrus sp (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) and Tachinidae-1 (Diptera:Tachinidae). For hymenopteran parasitoid community, in total, there were 7,675 specimens belonging to 204 morphospecies. Brachymeria lasus Walker (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) and Brachymeria sp (Hymenoptera: Chalcididae) were recorded to be the most dominant species inhabiting oil palm plantations. Flowers of T. subulata only support a certain number of species of hymenopteran parasitoid. Species richness was not different between hymenopteran parasitoids visiting flowers of T. subulata and inhabiting inside oil palm plantations, however species composition show different pattern. Oil palm age has an effect on species richness, abundance, and species composition of hymenopteran parasitoid in an oil palm plantation. In general, younger oil palm plantations seem to support higher number of species and individual of hymenopteran parasitoids than older oil palm plantations.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Hama dan Parasitoid pada Perkebunan Kelapa Sawit di Jambi
Abstrak: One of the most important ecosystem service is biological control since it provide natural control and prevents pest population build up. Biological control is quite widely practiced in various types of ecosystems, including in the oil palm plantations. One aspect that is important in the practice of biological control is parasitoid abundance and wealth, as natural enemies of pests of oil palm. The objective of this research was to study the diversity of pests and its parasitoids at various age levels in oil palm plantation. Field observations were conducted 4, 6, 8, and 10- years old of oil palm plantation in Jambi from February to April 2014. Insects were collected using direct observation and yellow pan trap (YPT). Traps were placed on the canopy and stem on 50x50 m plots (consisting of 36 palm trees). Pests that were collected from direct observation were reared and identified in the laboratory. Parasitoids which emerge from pests as well as from traps were all identified until morpho-species or species level. Overall, 525 individuals were collected. The most dominant pests found in the field was Lymantriidae. There was no correlation between pest abundance and age of oil palm. Nineteen species of parasitoids were found be associated with pests from the oil palm. The dominant parasitoids from the family Eulophidae and Braconidae. These parasitoids parasitized the dominant pest from Lymantriidae, Psychidae, and Limacodidae families with parasitization rate that varies from 1.61-14.29%. Pest populations affected by phenology and plant architecture cause movement and increased pest attack while parasitoid populations affected by the presence of flowering plants as food source of adult parasitoids.
Keyword: direct observation, habitat transformation, parasitoid, yellow pan trap

Judul: Pemanasan Sekunder Reaksi Fusi Plasma dengan Menggunakan Radio Frequency
Abstrak: Plasma merupakan bentuk ke-empat dari materi setelah padat, cair dan gas yang terbentuk dari proses ionisasi gas. Plasma dapat digunakan dalam reaksi fusi, yaitu reaksi penggabungan dua inti atom ringan menjadi inti atom yang lebih berat sambil melepaskan energi. Untuk mendapatkan energi dari reaksi fusi, inti yang akan direaksikan harus dipanaskan pada temperatur yang sangat ekstrem tingginya. Salah satu cara agar dapat mencapai kondisi ini adalah memberikan pemanasan tambahan atau pemanasan sekunder kepada plasma dalam reaksi fusi tersebut. Nilai daya serap rata-rata ion Deuterium yang sesuai dengan selang nilai daya dari data ITER adalah daya yang menggunakan frekuensi 50 MHz sampai dengan 60 MHz. Dengan menggunakan frekuensi 60 Hz diperoleh nilai daya rata-rata yang diserap sebesar 1,235.10-12 W.
Keyword: gelombang radio, pemanasan sekunder, plasma, reaksi fusi