Judul: Effectiveness of Nutmeg Infusion (Myristica fragrans) as an Antidhiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Buah pala dikenal sebagai rempah-rempah yang memiliki nilai ekonomis dan multiguna yang dimanfaatkan dalam berbagai industri makanan, minuman, obat-obatan, parfum dan kosmestik. Belum ada riset farmakologi dari aktivitas antidiare buah pala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder melalui uji fitokimia dan mengetahui efektivitas sediaan infusa buah pala sebagai antidiare melalui metode proteksi intestinal. Selain itu penelitian ini juga bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi efektif yang memberikan efek antidiare terbaik pada mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kelompok kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%] ), kelompok kontrol positif (Loperamid HCl), dan 3 kelompok perlakuan infusa buah pala dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (25%, 50% dan 100%). Perlakuan metode uji proteksi intestinal diberikan melalui rute peroral. Parameter yang digunakan pada metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi defekasi dan konsistensi feses. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan buah pala mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid dan saponin. Hasil uji in vivo proteksi intestinal menunjukkan infusa buah pala dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50% dan 100% efektif sebagai antidiare. Simpulan penelitian ini yaitu infusa buah pala terbukti mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid, saponin, dan flavonoid yang efektif sebagai antidiare. Studi ini menunjukkan infusa buah pala pada konsentrasi 25%, 50% dan 100% memiliki efek antidiare., Nutmeg is known as a spice that has economic value and is multipurpose and is used in various food, beverage, medicine, perfume and cosmetic industries. There has been no pharmacological research on the antidiarrheal activity of nutmeg. This research aims to determine the content of secondary metabolite compounds through phytochemical tests and determine the effectiveness of nutmeg infusion preparations as anti-diarrhea through intestinal protection methods. Apart from that, this research also aims to determine the effective concentration that provides the best antidiarrheal effect in mice. This study used 25 mice divided into 5 groups. The treatment groups consisted of a negative control group (Tween 80 [1%]), a positive control group (Loperamide HCl), and 3 nutmeg infusion treatment groups with graded concentrations (25%, 50% and 100%). The intestinal protection test method treatment is given via the oral route. The parameters used in the intestinal protection method are defecation frequency and stool consistency. Phytochemical test results show that nutmeg contains alkaloids, flavonoids and saponins. The results of the in vivo intestinal protection test showed that nutmeg infusion with concentrations of 25%, 50% and 100% was effective as an antidiarrheal. The conculission of this research is that nutmeg infussion in proven to contain secondary metabolite compounds, namely alkaloids, saponin and flavonoid which are effective as antidhiarrheals. This study shows that nutmeg infussion at concentrations of 25%, 50% and 100% has antidhiarrheal effects.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, proteksi intestinal, buah pala, uji fitokimia

Judul: Effectiveness of Gambier Extract Infusion (Uncaria gambir Roxb) as Antidiarrhea in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Getah gambir sudah banyak dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat untuk mengatasi berbagai penyakit, salah satunya adalah diare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas getah gambir sebagai antidiare dengan menggunakan metode proteksi intestinal yang dilihat dari parameter frekuensi, konsistensi, dan durasi. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan menentukan konsentrasi yang paling efektif dalam memberikan efek antidiare pada mencit dan mengetahui metabolit sekunder yang terkandung dalam getah gambir dengan uji fitokimia. Hewan coba dalam penelitian ini menggunakan mencit sebanyak 30 ekor dengan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri atas kelompok kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, dan tiga kelompok perlakuan yang diberi infusa getah gambir dengan konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100% secara oral. Parameter yang dinilai dalam metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, dan durasi diare. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan getah gambir memiliki metabolit sekunder yang berpotensi sebagai antidiare seperti alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin pada uji fitokimia. Hasil dari metode proteksi intestinal menunjukkan kelompok perlakuan infusa getah gambir konsentrasi 25%, 50%, dan 100% terbukti mampu menurunkan frekuensi defekasi, memperbaiki konsistensi, dan mempersingkat waktu diare. Kelompok konsentrasi 25% dan 50% menunjukkan aktivitas antidiare lebih baik daripada konsentrasi 100%., Gambier extract has been widely used by the community to treat various diseases, one of which is diarrhea. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of gambier sap as an antidiarrhea using intestinal protection methods as seen from the parameters of frequency, consistency and duration. This research also aims to determine the most effective concentration in providing antidiarrheal effects in mice and determine the secondary metabolites contained in gambier sap using phytochemical tests. The experimental animals in this study used 30 mice divided into 5 groups. The treatment groups consisted of a negative control group, a positive control, and three treatment groups that were given gambier extract infusion at concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% orally. The parameters assessed in the intestinal protection method are defecation frequency, fecal consistency, and duration of diarrhea. The research results showed that gambier extract has secondary metabolites that have the potential to act as antidiarrhea such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins in phytochemical tests. The results of the intestinal protection method showed that the gambier extract infusion treatment group with concentrations of 25%, 50%, and 100% was proven to be able to reduce the frequency of defecation, improve consistency, and shorten the time of diarrhea. The 25% and 50% concentration groups exhibited better antidiarrheal activity than the 100% concentration
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, proteksi intestinal, uji fitokimia, Getah gambir

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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