Judul: Dampak Kehadiran Pasar Ritel Modern terhadap Omzet Pedagang di Pasar Tradisional Kota Bandar Lampung
Abstrak: The aims of this study are to analyze competition and performance of the merchants in traditional market, factors affecting the turnover, and distance between modern retail market and traditional market to the turnover of traders in traditional markets in Bandar Lampung. This research used independent sample t test, chi square test, paired t test, and ordinal logistic regression method. Both of merchant performance have decreased from 2008 until 2013. Most of respondent stated that their competitors are not the existence of modern market but the other merchants in their group markets. Some factors including number of buyer, education, distance between traditional and modern market, and also fresh product significantly influence the turnover. Distance between modern market and traditional markethas reduced oppurtunties market treaders in traditional market to get higher turnover.
Keyword: turnover, paired t test, ordinal logistic regression, independent sample t test, chi square tes

Judul: Dampak Ritel Modern terhadap Omzet Pedagang Pasar Tradisional di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: This study analyzes the factors that influence changes in the turnover of traders in traditional markets, as well as competition, performance and characteristics of merchant traders in Bogor. The methods used in this study were a paired sample t-test and ordinal logistic regression. The results of the ordinal logistic regression showed that the factors that influence changes in a merchant turnover are education, number of buyers, diversification of products, and distance. Another factor affecting of the turnover is the main commodity sold by the traders. Traders selling fresh and processed products have the higher opportunity to increase turnover compared to other commodities traders
Keyword: t-test., competition, ordinal logistic regression, turnover, performance, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Gene Editing  of Two Cyanide Synthesis-related Genes in Cassava using CRISPR/Cas9
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) contain toxic quantities of cyanogenic glucoside. Reducing the potentially toxic cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava could be achieved by gene editing through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats – CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a high- precision genome editing technique in plants. Two cassava UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGT) paralogs, UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, are the genes catalyzing the synthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in plants. The study aimed to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant vector carrying single guide RNA (sgRNA) to edit UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 genes, and transform sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct into KU50 cassava calli. Five sgRNAs were designed, considering the on/off target efficiency score and GC content. Those sgRNAs were ligated into pRGEB32 plasmid and introduced to competent Escherichia coli DH5a. The PCR colony and DNA sequencing were performed to verify the sgRNA insert. The amplicons showed the expected band size of recombinant vector (180 bp). Based on sequencing results, only one sgRNA was successfully ligated into the plasmid that will be used to edit the UGT85K5 gene. The sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct in pRGEB32 plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into KU50 cassava calli through co-cultivation. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium occurred after the co-cultivation phase.
Keyword: CRISPR/Cas9, Cyanogenic glucoside, Gene editing, sgRNA