Judul: Pyrilla perpusilla Walker (Hemiptera: Fulgoridae) on Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.): Biology, Symtomps, and Natural Enemies
Abstrak: Tebu (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) termasuk dalam Famili Poaceae dan umumnya digunakan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan gula. Tebu memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi, sehingga produktivitas tebu diupayakan agar mengalami peningkatan. Pyrilla perpusilla dari Famili Fulgoridae merupakan salah satu hama tebu yang berpotensi menyebabkan kerugian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari biologi, gejala serangan, dan musuh alami P. perpusilla. P. perpusilla diambil dari Desa Situ Daun, Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor. Pemeliharaan dilakukan pada pot berkurungan yang telah ditanami tebu. Pengamatan biologi dilakukan pada 20 individu dari telur hingga imago. Pengamatan morfologi dilakukan pada 15 individu pada setiap fase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa telur berlangsung selama 13 hari dengan panjang rata-rata 1,23 ± 0,02 mm. Nimfa terdiri atas lima instar, panjang rata-rata nimfa instar V 5,22 ± 0,30 mm. Imago P. perpusilla memiliki sayap cokelat dengan bintik-bintik hitam. Ujung abdomen imago betina memiliki sepasang bantalan dari lilin, sedangkan imago jantan memiliki ujung abdomen silinder. Siklus hidup P. perpusilla berlangsung selama 84 hari. Gejala serangan P. perpusilla antara lain daun menguning, menggulung, dan layu. Musuh alami P. perpusilla yaitu Hirsutella citriformis, Metarhizium sp., dan parasitoid telur (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae)., Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) belongs to the Poaceae Family and is generally used as a raw material for sugar-making. Sugarcane has a high economic value, so efforts are being made to increase its productivity. Pyrilla perpusilla from the Fulgoridae Family is a potential sugarcane pest that causes losses. The research aimed to study the biological aspects of P. perpusilla, symtomps, and its natural enemies. P. perpusilla was taken from Situ Daun Village, Tenjolaya District, Bogor Regency. Mass rearing was done on sugarcane in plastic caged pots. Biological observations were made on 20 individuals from egg to adult stages. Morphological observations were carried out on 15 individuals on each stage. The results showed that P. perpusilla egg lasts 13 days with an average length of 1.23 ± 0.02 mm. Nymph consisted of five instars. Average body length of 5th instar was 5.22 ± 0.30 mm. Adult had brown wings with black spots. Female adult's abdominal tip had a pair wax, while male adults had cylindrical abdominal tip. The life cycle of P. perpusilla lasts 84 days. Attack symptoms of P. perpusilla were yellowing leaves, wilt, and curl. Natural enemies of P. perpusilla were Hirsutella citriformis, Metarhizium sp., and egg parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae).
Keyword: Auchenorrhyncha, life cycle, morphology, planthopper, poaceae

Judul: Distribusi Spasial Serangan dan Biologi Aulacaspis tegalensis Zehntner (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) pada Tanaman Tebu
Abstrak: The decrease of sugar production can be caused by a decrease in productivity of sugarcane, one of which is caused by pests. The sugarcane scale, Aulacaspis tegalensis, is a pest that sucks sucrose liquid stored in parenchyma cells on sugarcane stalk. The aim of this study were to determine the dispersion pattern and to observe the biology of the pest. The study was conducted at Laboratory of Insect Bionomy and Ecology, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University and at Laboratory of Entomology, Department of Research and Development of Gunung Madu Plantations (GMP), Lampung from March to October 2014. The insect samples were collected from sugarcane field at GMP and kept in laboratory to observe its biological aspects. Field observation on the insect population was also conducted at sugarcane plantation field of GMP. The result showed that the spatial distribution pattern of A. tegelensis infestation on three varieties of sugarcane with different susceptibility were clumped. A. tegalensis have two instars nymph. The average of nymph stadia was 17.11 ±0.90 days. Pre oviposition and oviposition periods were 5.89 ± 1.12 days and 11.19 ± 6.23 days respectively. The female can lay on average of 210.03 ± 114.29 eggs during their lifetime. Eggs were laid under the female scale. The longevity of adult female was 17.13 days.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), scale insect sugarcane pest., Saccharum officinarum, Gunung Madu Plantations

Judul: Sintesis ZnO dengan Tambahan Surfaktan Kationik dan Anionik Menggunakan Metode Hidrotermal
Abstrak: ZnO is a semiconductor material that has been widely used in various applications, such as solar cell. This study aimed to synthesis ZnO with ZnSO4 and KOH using hydrothermal method and evaluate the effect of surfactants on the synthesis process. First, ZnO was synthesized with various concentrations of ZnSO4:KOH (1:2, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5). The best result was chosen by X-ray diffraction analysis. Synthesis of ZnO with the best ratio was carried out again with the addition of cationic surfactant, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), and anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). Based on the diffractograms, the best ratio was 1:2 with 86.29% crystallinity. This ratio was chosen due to the high crystallinity and the least impurities. Synthesis with the addition of CTAB and SDS gave higher crystallinity, 88.76% and 89.13%, respectively. Based on calculation using Scherrer’s equation, it showed that the addition of CTAB resulted the smallest crystal size. Based on those data, it can be concluded that surfactants have improved the characteristics ZnO by increasing the crystalinity and reducing the crystal size.
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