Judul: Sumbangan industri kecil menengah terhadap nafkah rumahtangga pedesaan di Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Perkembangan industri kecil menengah di Kabupaten Bogor dewasa ini sudah menjangkau luas ke wilayah pedesaan. Pertanian bagi rumahtangga pedesaan adalah bagian terpenting sebagai sumber pendapatan, tetapi nampaknya hal ini tidak lagi terjadi pada rumahtangga di Desa Bojongrangkas dan Desa Cihideung Udik Kecamatan Ciampea, Kabupaten Bogor. Strategi dan struktur nafkah rumahtangga di kedua desa sangat dipengaruhi oleh sektor industri kecil menengah dan kini menjadi tumpuan baru dalam upaya meningkatkan taraf hidup. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sektor industri menjadi penyumbang pendapatan terbesar pada strategi dan struktur nafkah rumahtangga dibanding sektor lainnya. Strategi nafkah yang banyak di lakukan didominasi oleh sektor non pertanian dengan aktivitas nafkah utama adalah sebagai pengrajin. Kontribusi sektor industri pun dirasakan sangat besar pengaruhinya terhadap struktur nafkah rumahtangga., Nowadays, the medium and small industry development in Bogor District is already reaching out to the rural areas. Agriculture for the rural households is the most important part as a livelihood resources for their income, but it seems this is no longer the case in either of Bojongrangkas or Cihideung Udik villages. Livelihood structure and strategy of household in both of villages was influenced by the existence of medium and small industry and now its become a new source of income in an effort to increase households welfare. The result of the study showed that industry sector becomes the largest contribution for income at livelihood structure and strategy household than other sector. The strategy of livelihood done by household is dominated by non farm activities with the central of activities as craftmen. The contribution of industry is also giving big influence to livelihood structure of household.
Keyword: Industri Kecil Menengah, Rumahtangga, Pedesaan, Strategi Nafkah, Struktur Nafkah

Judul: Peranan Industri Kecil dalam Perluasan Kesempatan Kerja di Pedesaan (Kasus Industri Kecil Batako, di Desa Cigombong Kecamatan Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan penduduk yang cukup pesat sangat mempengaruhi lapangan kerja yang ada. Sektor pertanian sendiri telah jenuh untuk dapat menyerap seluruh penduduk usia kerja. Oleh karena itu, sebagian dari mereka yang terlempar dari sektor pertanian mencoba untuk mencari pekerjaan lain, yaitu beralih ke sektor non-pertanian (dalam hal ini industri kecil). Keberadaan industri kecil dalam perekonomian Indonesia, didukung oleh suatu kenyataan bahwa sebagian besar industri kecil berlokasi di pedesaan.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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