Judul: Kelimpahan dan Jenis Bakteri Vibrio pada Sedimen Tambak Udang Vaname Sebagai Deteksi Dini Serangan Penyakit Vibriosis
Abstrak: Komoditas akuakultur yang menjadi unggulan di Indonesia adalah udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Penyebab utama permasalahan pada budidaya udang adalah penyakit, salah satunya Vibriosis. Vibriosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Vibrio spp. Penyakit ini ditemukan pada budidaya udang di Tambak Pinang Gading, Lampung Selatan, Provinsi Lampung. Sedimen tambak merupakan tempat penguraian bahan organik dengan melibatkan aktivitas bakteri. Oleh karena itu, pengamatan mikroorganisme di sedimen tambak udang diperlukan untuk memitigasi kejadian penyakit dan penerapan manajemen kesehatan budidaya udang pada petak tambak budidaya. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis kelimpahan dan jenis bakteri Vibrio pada sedimen tambak udang vaname sebagai deteksi dini serangan penyakit Vibriosis. Pengukuran kelimpahan bakteri (total bakteri, total bakteri Vibrio sp., total bakteri Vibrio koloni hijau, total bakteri Vibrio koloni kuning, dan total bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus) pada media budidaya dilakukan tiga kali, pada DOC 0, 29, dan 43 dengan pengenceran berseri metode cawan sebar untuk dihitung total koloninya. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara purposive dan composite. Dilakukan konfirmasi bakteri V. parahaemolyticus strain AHPND dengan nested PCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelimpahan bakteri Vibrio koloni hijau mendominasi selama pengambilan sampel. Bakteri V. parahaemolyticus pada sedimen budidaya udang telah terekspresi sejak awal masa budidaya. Outbreak penyakit vibriosis mengakibatkan penurunan produksi yang signifikan. Teridentifikasi lima isolat bakteri V. parahaemolyticus strain AHPND dari hasil penelitian. Kata kunci: kelimpahan bakteri, Litopenaeus vannamei, sedimen tambak, vibriosis, The leading aquaculture commodity in Indonesia is vannamei shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). The main cause of problems in shrimp farming is disease, one of which is Vibriosis. Vibriosis is a disease caused by the bacterium Vibrio spp. This disease was found in shrimp farming in Pinang Gading Ponds, South Lampung, Lampung Province. Pond sediment is a place for the decomposition of organic matter by involving bacterial activity. Therefore, observation of microorganisms in shrimp pond sediments is necessary to mitigate disease incidence and to implement shrimp farming health management in aquaculture ponds. The purpose of this study was to analyze the abundance and types of Vibrio bacteria in vannamei shrimp pond sediments as an early detection of Vibriosis disease. Measurement of bacterial abundance (total bacteria, total Vibrio sp. bacteria, total green Vibrio colony bacteria, total yellow Vibrio colony bacteria, and total Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria) in the culture media was carried out three times, at DOC 0, 29, and 43 with serial dilution method scatter plates to count the total colonies. Sampling was carried out purposively and compositely. Confirmation of V. parahaemolyticus strain AHPND was carried out by nested PCR. The results showed that the abundance of green colony Vibrio bacteria dominated during sampling. V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in shrimp culture sediments have been expressed since the beginning of the culture period. Outbreak of vibriosis resulted in a significant decrease in production. Five isolates of V. parahaemolyticus strain AHPND were identified from the research results. Keywords: bacterial abundance, Litopenaeus vannamei, sediment pond, vibriosis
Keyword: kelimpahan bakteri, Litopenaeus vannamei, sedimen tambak, vibriosis, bacterial abundance, sediment pond, vibriosis

Judul: Uji Patogenisitas Bakteri Vibrio parahaemolyticus pada Udang Vaname Litopenaeus vannamei
Abstrak: Salah satu penyakit yang sering menyerang budidaya udang adalah vibriosis, yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Vibrio sp. termasuk Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Strain tertentu V. parahaemolyticus yang memiliki gen pirA pirB menjadi penyebab penyakit acute hepatopankreatic nekrosis disease (AHPND). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji patogenisitas bakteri V. parahaemolyticus pada udang vaname. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan menggunakan udang vaname berukuran 0.9±0.1 g dengan kepadatan bakteri (104 CFU mL-1 ) yang didapat dari uji LC50. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu udang vaname yang tidak diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus (K), udang vaname yang diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus dari Tasikmalaya (Vp-1), dan udang vaname yang diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus dari Situbondo (Vp-2). Parameter yang diamati terdiri atas konfirmasi V. parahaemolyticus dan AHPND, tingkat mortalitas, gejala klinis, populasi bakteri, total haemocyte count, aktivitas fagositik, respiratory burst, aktivitas phenoloxydase, serta histopatologi hepatopankreas dan usus. Isolat Vp-1 dan Vp-2 teridentifikasi sebagai V. parahaemolyticus strain AHPND yang menginfeksi udang vaname dengan gejala klinis berupa hepatopankreas yang pucat, usus kosong, serta pergerakan tidak aktif. Kerusakan pada tingkat jaringan terlihat banyak nekrosis pada organ hepatopankreas dan usus, serta menyebabkan kematian hingga 73,33-81,67% dengan rata-rata waktu kematian 24,28-65,44 jam., A disease that often affects shrimp farming is vibriosis, which is caused by infection with Vibrio sp. including Vibrio parahaemolyticus. A specific strain of V. parahaemolyticus that has the pirA pirB gene causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND). This study aims to test the pathogenicity of V. parahaemolyticus bacteria in white shrimp. The challenge test was conducted using shrimp measuring 0,9 ± 0,1 g with bacterial density (10^4 CFU mL-1) obtained from the LC50 test. The study used a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates, namely white shrimp not infected with V. parahaemolyticus (K), white shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus from Tasikmalaya (Vp-1), and white shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus from Situbondo (Vp-2). Parameters observed consisted of confirmation of V. parahaemolyticus and AHPND, mortality rate, clinical signs, bacterial population, total haemocyte count, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, phenoloxydase activity, and hepatopancreas and gut histopathology. Isolates Vp-1 and Vp-2 were identified as V. parahaemolyticus strain AHPND infecting white shrimp with clinical signs of pale hepatopancreas, empty gut, and inactive movement. Damage at the tissue level showed a lot of necrosis in the hepatopancreas and gut, and caused mortality up to 73,33-81,67% with an average mortality time of 24,28-65,44 hours.
Keyword: AHPND, histopathology, pathogenicity, V. parahaemolyticus, white shrimp

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology