Judul: Forest areas through group approach (case study of forest management involving local people in the forest production areas of state forestry corporation (perum perhutani) unit I in the Province of Central Java)
Abstrak: Forest villagers’ empowerment in a social forestry approach, especially collaborative forest management, is very crucial issue. The objectives of this study are: (1) to explore group dynamic of forest farmers’ group and to identify several factors influence the group dynamic; (2) to explore the level of empowerment of farmers around state forest area and to identify several factors influence the level of empowerment; (3) to explore the level of participation of farmers around state forest area and to find out the relationship of participation with the level of empowerment; and (4) to formulate a model and strategies to empower the farmers around state forest areas through group approach. The study had been carried out in three forest districts of East Pekalongan, South Kedu and Gundih in 2008. Survey using questionnaire with multistage cluster sampling was employed to collect main data from 408 farmers as respondents. The research data were processed by using structural equation modeling (SEM) of LISREL 8.73. The conclusions of the study are: (1) Level of group dynamic of forest farmers’ group is low. Factors influence significantly on the low of group dynamic are the low effectiveness of forest farmers’ group leadership, unfavorable environmental supports and low role of facilitators; (2) Level of empowerment of farmers is low. Factors influence directly and significantly on the low level of empowerment are unfavorable environmental supports, low level of group dynamic, low individual farmers’ potency, and ineffective process of empowerment. Whereas the ineffectiveness of forest farmers’ group leadership has indirect effect on the low level of empowerment; (3) Level of farmers’ participation is low. The low level of farmers’ participation is influenced directly by the low level of their empowerment; (4) Strategies to empower forest farmers are to strengthen six aspects such as environmental supports, forest farmers’ leadership, group dynamic, roles of facilitators, forest farmers’ potency and effectiveness of the process of empowerment.
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Judul: Kemampuan anggota kelompok dalam pengelolaan hutan rakyat di Desa Tegal Waru, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Community forest is one alternative to solve problems about unbalance supply-demand on nature forestwood and also poverty around forest area that enhancing high pressure on the forest in Indonesia. The sustainability of community forest management depends on the ability of forest group member to manage the community forest that must have been gained through learning process. This thesis inquires into farmer’s learning process in community forest management, in order to test how external and internal factors influenced ability of forest group member to manage the community forest. The study used explanatory research design with survey method on model community forest area development in Tegal Waru village, Ciampea Sub District, Bogor Regency of West Java. The research was conducted from Februari to December 2012. The data were analyzed descriptively and using multiple regresion method. The findings of the study are: (1) farmer planning ability influenced by farmer’s total income, length time involved in community forest programme, and social norms existing among forest group members; (2) farmer self-organizing ability influenced by number of course attended by farmer, quality of extension material, social norms existing among forest group members, (3) farmer ability to implement influenced by number of course attended by farmer and learnerassistant ability to communicate in the farmer’s learning process; and (4) farmer ability to supervise influenced by farmer’s total income, and production process organization in community Forest.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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