Judul: Pembentukan Nanotube dan Penyalutan Komposit Hidroksiapatit-Polivinil Alkohol-Kolagen pada Paduan Logam Ti6Al4V.
Abstrak: Logam Ti6AL4V banyak digunakan sebagai bahan implan karena bersifat biokompatibel dan tahan korosi tetapi memiliki sifat bioaktif yang rendah. Pembentukan nanotube dan penyalutan komposit hidroksiapatit-polivinil alkohol-kolagen pada logam Ti6Al4V bertujuan meningkatkan sifat biokompatibel dan bioaktif. Nanotube lapisan oksida Ti6Al4V dibentuk melalui metode anodisasi. Spektrum inframerah komposit menunjukkan keberadaan pita serapan khas dari hidroksiapatit (HAp), polivinil alkohol, dan kolagen. Adapun logam Ti6Al4V non-nanotube dan nanotube tersalut komposit menunjukkan pola difraksi khas dari HAp dan titanium. Citra mikroskop elektron payar menunjukkan mikrograf HAp dalam bentuk granula yang merata. Adapun hasil uji korosi menunjukkan bahwa penyalutan komposit pada logam Ti6Al4V nanotube tidak dapat meningkatkan ketahanan korosi. Hal ini juga terlihat dari uji in vitro dalam larutan ringer laktat yang menunjukkan pelepasan ion kalsium HAp pada logam Ti6Al4V nanotube lebih tinggi dibanding pada logam Ti6Al4V non-nanotube.
Keyword: hidroksiapatit, kolagen, logam Ti6Al4V, nanotube, polivinil alkohol

Judul: Penyalutan Nanotube Paduan Logam Ti6Al4V dengan Komposit Hidroksiapatit-Kitosan-Polivinil Alkohol
Abstrak: Hidroksiapatit (HAp) dapat diaplikasikan sebagai bahan implan tulang. HAp dikompositkan dengan kitosan dan polivinil alkohol (PVA) serta disalut ke Ti6Al4V untuk meningkatkan biokompatibilitasnya. Komposit HAp-kitosan-PVA disalut pada Ti6Al4V teranodisasi dan tidak teranodisasi. Modifikasi permukaan Ti6Al4V dengan anodisasi menggunakan tegangan 20 V. Paduan logam Ti6Al4V disalut dengan komposit menggunakan metode elektroforesis deposisi (EPD) dengan tegangan 80 V. Komposit yang tersalut pada Ti6Al4V nanotube dan non-nanotube dicirikan dengan mikroskop elektron payaran (SEM), difraksi sinar X (XRD), spektroskopi inframerah transformasi Fourier (FTIR), uji korosi dengan potensiostat, dan uji bioaktivitas in vitro dengan spektroskopi serapan atom (AAS). Uji XRD menghasilkan puncak khas yang menandakan bahwa komposit tersebut mengandung HAp dan Ti. Hasil uji SEM Ti6Al4V nanotube terdapat ukuran pori sebesar 24 nm. Uji FTIR menghasilkan gugus fungsi dari HAp, kitosan, dan PVA. Laju korosi pada Ti6Al4V nanotube tanpa penyalutan lebih besar daripada dengan penyalutan. Uji bioaktivitas in vitro menunjukkan bahwa penurunan konsentrasi Ca2+ Ti6Al4V nanotube lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan non-nanotube.
Keyword: hidroksiapatit, kitosan, nanotube, non-nanotube, Ti6Al4V

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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