Judul: Studi Tatanan Lanskap Sejarah Konservasi Kawasan Keraton Qadriyah Pontianak
Abstrak: Studi ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari tatanam dan komponen pembentukan lanskap sejarah di Kawasan Keraton Qadriyah serta mengusulkan konsep pengelolaan pelestarian dan alternatif pemberdayaannya. Studi dilaksanakan di Kelurahan Dalam Bugis, Kecamatan Pontianak Timur, Kotamadya Pontianak pada bulan Maret - Agustus 2000.
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Judul: Studi pengelolaan lanskap keraton Kasunanan Surakarta
Abstrak: Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta merupakan aset budaya yang sangat bernilai, baik bagi kota Surakarta maupun secara nasional. Studi pada kawasan keraton ini dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keseluruhan tatanan lanskap kawasan Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta, kemudian menganalisa konsep dan tindakan pengelolaan yang dilakukan pada saat ini sehingga diketahui aspek positif dan hambatan-hambatan yang dihadapi, dan pada akhirnya memberikan usulan konsep pengelolaan yang dapat menjamin kelestarian Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta. Dari studi yang dilakukan, dapat diidentifikasi keseluruhan tatanan lanskap Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta yang berbentuk linear arah utara-selatan. Karakter lanskap yang khas dari Keraton Surakarta adalah adanya hierarki kawasan dan besarnya pengaruh dari sistem religi yang dianut sebagian besar komunitasnya (Islam Sinkretik) terhadap lanskap keraton. Berdasarkan fungsi ruang dan tingkat privasinya, maka kawasan keraton dapat dibagi menjadi tiga ruang dengan tingkat privasi semakin rendah, yaitu daerah inti, daerah penyangga, dan daerah umum. Daerah inti meliputi daerah di Kedaton, daerah penyangga meliputi kawasan Baluwarti, dan daerah umum meliputi kawasan Alun-alun Utara dan Alun-alun Selatan. Pengelolaan terhadap kawasan keraton pada saat ini dilaksanakan oleh pihak keraton dengan organisasi internalnya. Organisasi ini dipimpin oleh seorang 'Pangageng Parentah Keraton' yang bertanggung jawab kepada raja. Keraton Kasunanan Surakarta telah ditetapkan sebagai cagar budaya menurut UU Cagar Budaya No 5 Tahun 1992 dan kemudian diperkuat lagi dengan SK Walikota No 646 Tahun 1997. Dalam pelaksanaan pengelolaan ditemukan beberapa permasalahan yang menghambat pengelolaan diantaranya keterbatasan organisasi internal, kurangnya koordinasi antara pelaku pengelolaan yang berkepentingan, keterbatasan dana, tidak adanya Perda mengenai Hak Pengelolaan Kawasan dengan batas-batas yang ..dst
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Judul: Price Discrimination Analysis of Butter in the German Market
Abstrak: Germany is the largest producers of butter among other countries in the EU. The trend of butter production in Germany increase steadily during 2010 – 2013. In 2013, butter production in Germany reach to 491 460 tons and German’s butter production amounted to 25% of the EU butter production. So, Germany has an advantage in butter production compared with other countries in the EU. The advantage in butter production and stock availability of butter strongly supports the development of food industry in Germany. However, there were fluctuations in the average price of butter in Germany during 1999-2010 and it was occurred from year to year. Fluctuation of butter prices can affects business risk, the competition of butter producers, and economic surplus of consumers in the German butter market. One of the strategies which can be done by producers and retailers to survive in the competition is establish right price strategy, such implement price discrimination strategy. Price discrimination strategy aims to get consumer surplus, to increase profits, and to face business competition. The main objective of the study is to analyze butter price discrimination in German market. In detail, objectives of this study are: first, to analyze the necessary conditions (market power, different demand elasticity, and preventing arbitrage) of occurrence in price discrimination of butter products in the German market through structure analysis, second, to analyze demand function of butter products based on types of retail store in Germany, third, to analyze price discrimination of butter products based on regions in Germany, and fourth, to analyze price difference of butter products across types of retail store in Germany. The result shows that the three necessary conditions (market power, different demand elasticity, and preventing arbitrage) for the occurrence of butter price discrimination in the German retail market are fulfilled. The butter industry in Germany has an HHI value of 1 635 and the four-firm concentration ratio (CR4) index reached 71%, which indicates that the German butter industry has either a moderate level of market concentration and an oligopoly market structure with some dominant firms. The oligopoly butter market structure in Germany is dominated by four producers of butter, are: Irish Dairy Board, Campina, Sachsenmilch, and Arla Foods. Market power in an oligopoly is also greatly influenced by some main producers who also produce private label products. We can conclude that the three demand curves (hypermarket, supermarket and discounter) have a negative slope or downward shape (progressive decrease from the upper left to the lower right). This condition is in accordance with the theory of demand that price and quantity have the opposite relationship. The slope of the demand function in the hypermarket is -3.701, -2.883 in the supermarket, and -5.517 in the discounter (largest value of discounter indicates that it is the most elastic of the retail stores). We also can conclude that on the demand side, butter consumption is not discriminating along the demand curve (price and quantity) across regions in Germany. On the supply side, producers and retailers are not discriminating in regards to butter prices across regions in Germany. The mean
Keyword: price discrimination, butter, semi and double logarithm model, the German market