Judul: Karakteristik Sel Buliform dan Respon Fisiologis Padi Varietas  Hawara Bunar dan Mutannya terhadap Cekaman Kekeringan
Abstrak: Cekaman kekeringan mampu mempengaruhi laju fotosintesis, tingkat kebocoran elektrolit, dan penggulungan daun padi. Hasil studi terhadap varietas Hawara Bunar, galur mutan Hawara Bunar, galur mutan Hawara Bunar silencing B11, serta varietas IR64 menunjukkan tingkat penggulungan yang sangat berbeda ketika mendapat cekaman kekeringan. Hal ini diduga terdapat perbedaan karakteristik sel buliform dari keempat genotipe padi tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik sel buliform serta respon fisiologis dari padi varietas Hawara Bunar, galur mutan Hawara Bunar, galur mutan Hawara Bunar silencing B11, serta varietas IR64 terhadap cekaman kekeringan. Percobaan ini merupakan percobaan faktorial yang dirancang secara Acak Lengkap dengan 2 faktor, yaitu faktor genotipe padi dan faktor cekaman kekeringan. Kegiatan yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini meliputi penanaman dan pemeliharaan tanaman, perlakuan cekaman kekeringan, pengamatan sel buliform dan analisis fisiologis. Kuantifikasi data dilakukan dengan software ImageJ dan R studio, analisis statistik menggunakan Two-Way Anova pada α 0,05 dan dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD. Hasil analisis jumlah sel buliform dan karakter fisiologis menunjukkan bahwa padi galur mutan Hawara Bunar, galur mutan Hawara Bunar silencing B11, serta varietas IR64 merupakan varietas yang sensitif terhadap cekaman kekeringan, sedangkan Hawara Bunar merupakan varietas yang toleran terhadap kekeringan. Varietas Hawara Bunar mampu mempertahankan kandungan klorofil, laju fotosintesis, kadar CO2 dan H2O tetap tinggi dalam kondisi cekaman kekeringan, namun dalam kondisi yang sama memiliki kenaikan jumlah dan luas sel buliform, kebocoran elektrolit, dan suhu daun yang lebih rendah dari genotipe sensitif kekeringan., Drought stress affects photosynthesis rate, electrolyte leakage, and rice plant leaf rolling. Pevious study on rice variety Hawara Bunar variety and and its mutants showed very different rolling rates when exposed to drought stress. It is sugested that there are differences in characteristics of bulliform cells among those rice genotypes. Therefore, the study aimed to analyze the characteristics of bulliform cells and the physiological response of rice variety Hawara Bunar, Hawara Bunar mutant line, Hawara Bunar silenced B11 mutant line, and IR64 variety to drought stress. This experiment is a factorial experiment that was designed completely randomized with 2 factors, namely the rice plant genotype factor and the drought stress factor. The activities in this research include planting and maintenance, drought stress treatment, observation of bulliform cells and physiological analysis. Data quantification was performed using ImageJ and R studio software, statistical analysis using Two-Way Anova at α 0,05 and continued with LSD test. Analysis result of bulliform cells and physiological characteristics showed that rice Hawara Bunar mutant line, Hawara Bunar silenced B11 mutant line, and rice variety IR64 are sensitive to drought stress, while Hawara Bunar is a drought tolerant variety. Rice variety Hawara Bunar was able to maintain high chlorophyll content, photosynthetic rate, CO2 and H2O levels under drought stress conditions, but under the same conditions showed an increase in number and area of bulliform cells, electrolyte leakage, and lower leaf temperatures than drought sensitive genotypes.
Keyword: bulliform cell, drought, leaf rolling, physiological, tolerance

Judul: Analysis of Morpho-physiology and Yield Components of Rice Variety Hawara Bunar and Its Mutants on Acidic Soil
Abstrak: Optimalisasi pertanian lahan masam perlu ditingkatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan pangan utama Indonesia. Namun, lahan masam memiliki tingkat kesuburan yang rendah dan kelarutan aluminium (Al) yang tinggi. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan di antaranya dengan mengembangkan tanaman padi toleran Al. Sifat toleransi padi terhadap sekaman Al dapat diketahui melalui respon morfofisiologi dan produktivitasnya pada kondisi cekaman Al. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan respon morfo-fisiologi dan komponen hasil dari padi varietas Hawara Bunar (HB), HB Mutan, dan HB Transgenik yang ditanam pada dua jenis tanah masam yang berbeda. Penelitian dilakukan dengan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Faktorial (RAKF) dengan 2 faktor, yaitu faktor genotipe padi dan jenis tanah masam. Peubah yang diamati yaitu karakter pertumbuhan, analisis fisiologi, dan komponen hasil tanaman padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pertumbuhan semua genotipe padi di tanah podsolik merah-kuning lebih baik dan memiliki komponen hasil yang lebih tinggi dibanding tanaman padi yang ditanam di tanah latosol untuk semua genotipe. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data pertumbuhan, fisiologi dan komponen hasil, padi Hawara Bunar bersifat toleran Al, sedangkan HB Mutan dan HB Transgenik bersifat sensitif Al. Padi Hawara Bunar memiliki habitus lebih tinggi dan jumlah daun serta anakan yang lebih banyak dibanding genotipe Mutan dan Transgenik. Analisis fisiologi menunjukkan bahwa padi Hawara Bunar memiliki kandungan klorofil yang tinggi dan tingkat peroksidasi lipid yang rendah. Karakter komponen hasil juga menunjukkan padi Hawara Bunar memiliki jumlah dan panjang malai, serta jumlah dan bobot gabah yang lebih tinggi dibanding HB Mutan dan HB Transgenik. Kata kunci: Cekaman Aluminium, Hawara Bunar, Mutan, Transgenik Silencing OsGERLP., Optimization of acid soil agriculture needs to be increased to meet rice selfsufficiency in Indonesia. However, acid soils have low fertility and high aluminum (Al) solubility. The development of Al-tolerant rice could be an effort to overcome the rice cultivation constrains in acid soil. The best characteristics for acid and Al tolerance rice are the morpho-physiological response and productivity under acid soil and Al stress conditions. The study aimed to compare the morpho-physiological responses and yield components of Hawara Bunar (HB) cultivar, HB Mutant, and HB Transgenic rice lines that were grown on two different types of acid soil. The study was conducted using a factorial randomized block design (RAKF) with two factors, namely three rice genotypes and two acid soil types. The observed variables were plant growth, physiological characters, and rice yield components. The result showed that the growth of all rice genotypes in yellow-red podzolic soils was better and had a higher yield component than that of rice plants grown on latosol soils. Rice c.v Hawara Bunar was Al-tolerant, while Mutant HB and Transgenic HB were Al-sensitive based on the analysis of growth, physiology and yield components data. Hawara Bunar has a higher habitus, more leaves and tillers, higher chlorophyll content, and lower lipid peroxidation than the mutant and transgenic genotypes. The yield component character also showed that Hawara Bunar had a higher number and length of panicles, and the number and weight of grain compared to Mutant HB and Transgenic HB. Keywords: aluminum, gene silencing, mutant, tolerance, transgenic.
Keyword: aluminum, gene silencing, mutant, tolerance, transgenic

Judul: The impact and contribution of the tourism sector to the Indonesian economy : an I-O and SAM approach
Abstrak: Tourism is an important and strategic sector for the Indonesian economy. The sector has been growing for the last two decades to enhance its contribution to the GDP, employment, regional, local economy, and to strengthen the balance of payment. In particular, a planned economy was introduced to provide substantial opportunities to utilize tourism as a mechanism for national development. As a service-based sector, tourism as also considered to be a vehicle of converting the manufacturing economy to a service economy which makes the delivery of the product rather than the creation of the product the most important thing.
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