Judul: Efektivitas Ekstrak Biji Nimba Azadirachta indica untuk Pengobatan Parasit Argulus sp. pada Ikan Mas Koki Carassius auratus
Abstrak: Goldfish is an ornamental fish favored by many people because of it’s body shape and color unique. One of the obstacle in the cultivation of goldfish is an ectoparasite that infected on it’s body and fin called Argulus sp. One of the plants that used as medicinal treatment is a neems. This study aimed to examining the effectivity of neems seeds extract in reinsing the Argulus sp in the goldfish. This research consists of 5 treatments with 2 replications, namely neems seeds extract with concentrations A (20 mg/l), B (40 mg/l), C (60 mg/l), K- (dimilin 1.5 g/l), and K+ (without neem extract and dimilin). The result shows that the treatments of neem seeds extract 40 mg/l cause reduction/slope the intensity level of Argulus sp. and increasing the survival rate of goldfish higher more than other neems seeds extract dossage.
Keyword: neem, goldfish, Argulus sp

Judul: Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Pengobatan Parasit Argulus sp. pada Ikan Mas Koki Carassius auratus dengan Ekstrak Kasar Bakteri Simbion Spons Strain S12-3(C)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas dan efisiensi senyawa ekstrak kasar kultur bakteri untuk penanggulangan parasit Argulus sp. pada ikan mas koki. Prosedur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini meliputi ekstraksi kasar bakteri simbion, uji toksisitas terhadap Artemia sp. koleksi parasit, uji tantang, dan pengobatan. Konsentrasi pengobatan menggunakan ekstrak kasar bakteri simbion spons yang diberikan pada penelitian ini adalah 100 mg/L, 50 mg/L, 10 mg/L, kontrol dimilin® (1500 mg/L), dan kontrol positif (0 mg/L). Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak kasar bakteri simbion spons pada dosis 50 mg/L efektif untuk membunuh parasit Argulus sp. dalam jangka waktu 4 hari dengan survival rate ikan 100 %. Hal ini menunjukkan efektivitas yang lebih baik daripada kontrol pengobatan menggunakan dimilin®. Selain efektif, penggunaan ekstrak kasar bakteri simbion spons juga lebih efisien, dilihat dari keuntungan yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar Rp 366 813,- dibandingkan dimilin® yang hanya Rp 192 803,-.
Keyword: Argulus sp, bakteri simbion spons, ikan mas koki, senyawa bioaktif

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: