Judul: Evaluasi Kualitas Nutrien Silase dan Hay Daun Rami dalam Ransum Komplit untuk Ruminansia secara In Vitro
Abstrak: A research to evaluate the effect of ramie leaves silage and hay on ruminant complete mixed ration (CMR) on nutrient content, fermentability, and digestibility by in vitro method have been conducted. There were 7 CMR treatments i.e. P0 (control ration) = 50% napier grass + 50% concentrate, P1 = 30% napier grass + 20% ramie leaves silage + 50% concentrate, P2 = 20% napier grass + 30% ramie leaves silage + 50% concentrate, P3 = 10% napier grass + 40% ramie leaves silage + 50% concentrate, P4 = 30% napier grass + 20% ramie leaves hay + 50% concentrate, P5 = 20% napier grass + 30% ramie leaves hay + 50% concentrate, and P6 = 10% napier grass + 40% hay + 50% concentrate. Both ramie leaves silage and hay increased the CMR digestibility and nutrient content, except the crude fiber. Control ration had a higher crude fiber than silage and hay. The CMR which contain ramie leaves silage had higher nutrient digestibility compared to the other rations. Fermentability of CMR was measured by ammonia concentration, VFA, and gas production. Rations which added with ramie leaves hay (P4 – P6) had a higher gas production whereas rations added with ramie leaves silage (P1 – P3) had a higher rations VFA concentration and gas production compared to P0. Ammonia concentration of rations added with preserved ramie leaves were lower than control, however ammonia concentration in all treatments were in optimal range. Acetate proportion was higher in CMR which contain ramie leaves hay than CMR which contain silage although the nutrients digestibility were lower. Adding ramie leaves silage in rations resulted higher propionate and butyrate proportion than control and rations which added with ramie leaves hay. Either silage or hay ramie leaves can be used up to 40% as napier grass substitute in ruminant CMR. Keywords: Hay, ramie leaves, ruminant, silage
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Judul: The evaluation of nutrient quality of ramie leaves silage and hay in complete mixed ration for Etawah-Crossbreed goat using in vitro technique
Abstrak: A research have been conducted to evaluate the effect of ramie leaves silage and hay in Etawah Crossbreed (PE) goat complete mixed ration (CMR) on nutrient content, fermentability, and digestibility by in vitro. There were seven CMR dietary treatments i.e. P0 (control ration) = 50% napier grass + 50% concentrate, P1 = 30% napier grass + 20% ramie leaves silage + 50% concentrate, P2 = 20% napier grass + 30% ramie leaves silage + 50% concentrate, P3 = 10% napier grass + 40% ramie leaves silage + 50% concentrate, P4 = 30% napier grass + 20% ramie leaves hay + 50% concentrate, P5 = 20% napier grass + 30% ramie leaves hay + 50% concentrate, and P6 = 10% napier grass + 40% hay + 50% concentrate. Both ramie leaves silage and hay increased the CMR digestibility and nutrient content, except the crude fiber. Control ration had a higher crude fiber than silage and hay. The CMR which contain ramie leaves silage (40%) had higher nutrient digestibilities compared to the other rations. Rations which were added with ramie leaves silage (P1 – P3) had a higher VFA concentration compared to the other rations. Ammonia concentration of rations added with preserved ramie leaves were lower than control, however ammonia concentration in all treatments were in optimal range. Acetate proportion was higher in CMR which contain ramie leaves hay than CMR which contain silage and the nutrients digestibilities were lower. Adding ramie leaves silage in rations resulted higher propionate and butyrate proportion than control and rations which added with ramie leaves hay. Either silage or hay ramie leaves can be used up to 40% as Napier grass substitute in the PE CMR.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite