Judul: Studi mengenai ketidakcocokan data ekspor-impor Indonesia dengan Negara berkembang dan negara maju
Abstrak: Perdagangan bilateral merupakan suatu perdagangan antara dua negara dalam bidang-bidang tertentu menggunakan prinsip yang saling menguntungkan, saling menghargai dan saling menghormati satu sama lain. Perdagangan bilateral yang diteliti adalah antara Indonesia dengan beberapa mitra dagang negara berkembang dan negara maju. Perdagangan bilateral ini menimbulkan ketidakcocokan data statistik yang dicatat Indonesia sebagai pengekspor dan negara mitra dagang sebagai pengimpor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mengkaji data ekspor-impor produk hasil hutan, membandingkan data tersebut dengan komoditi pertambangan, serta mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan catatan data ekspor-impor antara Indonesia dengan negara berkembang dan negara maju. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji t-berpasangan data sekunder ekspor-impor dari masing-masing komoditi dan negara mitra dagang. Data ini diperoleh dengan mengunduh data dari web UNcomtrade.
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Judul: Analisis ekspor-impor sektor kehutanan Indonesia dengan negara maju dan negara berkembang
Abstrak: Discrepedancy trade statistic is the inappropriate record keeping between the export data by exporter countries and the import data by importer countries. Theoretically, the record keeping of export data held by exporter countries must be same with the import data kept by importer countries. But, in fact, it is so difficult to make it come true. This research aims to analyze the comparison between export-import data in Indonesia with developed countries and other developing countries, to compare the export-import of forestry and plantation, and the last, to know whether the difference of export-import data. This research used secondary data, which is the export-import data of Indonesia with developed countries like: United State, Japan, Germany, Canada, China, Italy, French, and Australia and developing countries like: Bangladesh, Philippine, India, Malay, Pakistan, Srilanka, Thailand, and Vietnam. The period data used was about 1989-2008. The collection of data was done by downloading from www.uncomtrade.org. The kind of export-import data used in this research is forestry export-import data which are plywood (plywood, veneer panel, and similar laminated wood), pulp (chemical wood pulp, soda/sulphate, non conifer, bleached), and plantantion sector like palm (palm oil and its fraction, not chemically modified). The results of analysis shows that there are discrepancy between Indonesia export data records with developed and developing countries import data records for plywood, veneer panel and similar laminated wood; chemical wood pulp, soda/sulphate non conifer, bleached and palm oil and its fraction, not chemically modified, where percentages of discrepancy trade statistics are different in each country. Indonesia export data to developed and developing countries export data to developed and developing countries export data don’t have particular trend.
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum