Judul: Aplikasi Pati Sagu Termodifikasi Heat Moisture Treatment Untuk Pembuatan Bihun Instan
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to obtain the suitable heat moisture treated sago starch with the best characteristics to be applied for instant bihontype noodles production, and to obtain formula and process to produce the best instant bihon-type noodles. Native sago starch was known to have the type-A pasting profile. This type of sago starch was not suitable to make noodles and pasta products. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) modification would change the pasting profile of starch from type-A to type-B which was more suitable to make noodles. The best result of HMT was modified sago starch with 4 hours heating time. Texturizers were used in order to get better textures of bihon-type noodles. Combination of sodium tri poly phosphate and guar gum gave the best characteristics of product. They were applied into the production of bihon-type noodle made of modified sago starch. There were four different compositions of sago starch used to produce bihon-type noodles, i.e.: 100% native sago starch, mixture of 75% native sago starch and 25% modified sago starch, mixture of 50% native sago starch and 50% modified sago starch, and 100% modified sago starch. The results showed that modified sago starch made cooking time became shorter and decreased the hardness and stickiness of bihon-type noodle textures. The results of sensory evaluation showed that the most prefered bihon-type noodles were made from mixture of 50% native sago starch and 50% modified sago starch.
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Judul: Mempelajari Stabilitas Kandungan Pati Resistan Bihun Sagu Termodifikasi Heat-Moisture Treatment dan Aspek Tekno-Ekonomi dari Usaha Kecil Bihun Sagu
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were: (a) to study the resistant starch stability of processed bihon prepared from HMT (Heat-Moisture Treatment) modified sago starch upon cooking process which were boiling and frying, (b) to evaluate the financial and tecnological feasibility study on small scale industry of bihon prepared from HMT sago starch with four options, namely (1) 30% equity (personal funding) – 1 shift, (2) 30% equity– 2 shift, (3) 100% bank loan (credit) – 1 shift, and (4) 100 % bank loan (credit) - 2 shift. Unprocessed (raw) bihon contained 0.73 g RS / g bihon. The RS content increased into 130.79 % upon boiling process and decreased into 95.72 % upon frying process. Different test using one-way anova method showed that there was no significant difference between the two samples’ RS content. The RS content was relatively stable upon the cooking process. This stability achieved from HMT process was likely due to interactions between amylose-amylose and amyloseamylopectin which allowed changes in the granule structure leading to reduced susceptibility of its chain towards amylase hydrolysis. The small-scale industry feasibility study showed that it needed Rp 52.725.000,- for investation capital. The operational capital was about Rp 119.437.967,- for 1 shift production and Rp 229.602.767,- for 2 shifts production. The best option which yielded the highest NPV and IRR was the second option with 30% personal funding and production rate at 2 shifts daily. Its NPV was Rp 163,161,354,- and its IRR was 27 %. It had the fastest payback period in less than a year (0.97 year). This good condition could be achieved because the condition lessened the deffered payment of the loan while the production cost could be reduced by increasing the production capacity. This option had Net B/C value about 1.58 with BEP about Rp 133.032.813,-. According to this feasibility study result, small-scale business of bihon derived from HMT-modified sago starch was likely to be developed, using the second option.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan