Judul: Profil Parameter Fungsi Ginjal pada Anjing yang Diberi Obat Berbahan Aktif Fluralaner per Oral dengan Tiga Kali Dosis Anjuran.
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mempelajari gambaran klinis dan profil parameter fungsi ginjal pada anjing setelah diberi obat yang mengandung bahan aktif fluralaner per oral dengan tiga kali dosis anjuran. Sebanyak tiga ekor anjing jantan ras Beagle yang terinfestasi caplak Rhipicephalus sanguineus, umur 1-6 tahun, berat badan antara 8.5-10 kg digunakan pada penelitian ini. Fluralaner diberikan sebanyak tiga kali dosis anjuran yaitu 750 mg/ekor. Gambaran klinis (suhu tubuh, frekuensi napas, dan frekuensi jantung) diamati pada saat pretreatment (jam ke-0) dan post-treatment (jam ke-1, 2, dan 3). Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan melalui vena cephalica accessoria pada 24 jam pre-treatment, 24 jam, 4, 8, dan 12 minggu post-treatment untuk dianalisis kadar blood urea nitrogen (BUN) dan kreatinin. Sampel urin diambil menggunakan kateter pada 24 jam pre-treatment, 24 jam, 8, dan 12 minggu post-treatment untuk dianalisis secara makroskopis (warna dan konsistensi) dan dianalisis menggunakan striptest (berat jenis, leukosit, nitrit, protein, dan darah). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa suhu tubuh, frekuensi napas, dan frekuensi jantung pada ketiga anjing Beagle masih dalam rentang nilai referensi normal. Rataan kadar BUN setiap periode pengamatan masih berada dalam nilai referensi normal. Kadar kreatinin berbeda nyata antar waktu pengamatan pada H+60 (post-treatment) (P<0.05). Namun demikian, kadar kreatinin pada periode tersebut masih dalam rentang nilai referensi normal. Urinalisis menggunakan strip test memperlihatkan hasil yang mengindikasikan adanya gangguan yang bersifat lokal. Dapat disimpulkan, pemberian obat anti caplak berbahan aktif flularaner per oral sebanyak tiga kali dosis anjuran tidak memengaruhi fungsi organ ginjal, tetapi penggunaan dengan dosis tersebut tidak dianjurkan.
Keyword: fluralaner, blood urea nitrogen, kreatinin, strip test

Judul: Profil Parameter Fungsi Hati pada Anjing yang Diberi Obat Berbahan Aktif Fluralaner Per Oral dengan Tiga Kali Dosis Anjuran.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari profil parameter fungsi hati pada anjing yang diberi obat berbahan aktif fluralaner per oral dengan tiga kali dosis anjuran. Sebanyak tiga ekor anjing jantan ras Beagle yang terinfestasi caplak (Rhipichepalus sanguineus), umur 1-6 tahun, dengan berat badan berkisar antara 8.5-10 kg digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Fluralaner diberikan sekali per oral dengan dosis sebanyak 750 mg (tiga kali dosis anjuran). Sampel darah diambil melalui vena cephalica accessoria pada H-1 (24 jam pre treatment), 24 jam (H+1), 4 minggu (H+30), 8 minggu (H+60) dan 12 minggu (H+90) post treatment untuk dianalisis terhadap kadar total protein, albumin, dan bilirubin total, serta aktivitas enzim alanine transaminase (ALT) dan enzim alkaline phosphatase (ALP). Analisis dilakukan menggunakan automated chemistry analyzer. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata (P>0.05) antar waktu pemberian treatment terhadap kadar total protein, kadar albumin (kecuali pada H+30), kadar globulin, rasio A/G (kecuali pada H+30), kadar bilirubin total, aktivitas enzim ALT, dan aktivitas enzim ALP. Pemberian obat berbahan aktif fluralaner per oral pada anjing yang terinfestasi caplak (Rhipicephalus sanguineus) dengan tiga kali dosis anjuran tidak memengaruhi profil parameter fungsi hati.
Keyword: caplak, fluralaner, parameter fungsi hati

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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