Judul: Dampak Transformasi Kota Banjar terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Rumahtangga Petani Penggarap
Abstrak: Improved status of Banjar into the city causing major project development in there more intensiv. As a result of the development of agricultural land erosion caused conversionso make decreased of agricultural land (field). The impact of the changes seen in the conversion of arable land tenure, employment and changes in work patterns, thereby affecting the level of household welfare peasants materially and moriil. The impact of the conversion on the level of material well-being of their relatively increased but not followed by an increase in the welfare of their moriil. Based on the analysis it can be concluded that the impact of the conversion of agricultural land to landless household welfare level produces two variants of peasant households are excluded from the social and economic, that (1) excluded / marginalized and (2) similar to the last or previous condition (pre-conversion).
Keyword: welfare, farmers, households, conversion, transformation

Judul: Konversi Lahan Pertanian dan Perubahan Taraf Hidup Rumahtangga Petani: Kasus Pembangunan Perumahan X di Kampung Cibeureum Sunting dan Kampung Pabuaran, Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Conversion of agricultural land and changes in household living standards of farmers: a case of Housing Development by PT. X in Kampung Cibeureum Sunting and Kampung Pabuaran, Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, West Java. The objectives of this study were: (1) identified household living standards of farmers after the land conversion, (2) analyzed the factors associated with land conversion rates by farmers. The research applied a quantitative approach which supported by qualitative information. The quantitative data were collected by using survey method on 35 farmers household . The results of this study showed that after the conversion of land, household living standard of farmers increased, especially for lower-class farmers households. Internal factors and external factors affect different for each of the farmers. In this study, the internal factors that affected the rate of land conversion is dependence on the land. Dependence of land only affect the conversion rate at the lower class farmers. External factors also have different effect on each among farmers. In this study, external factors which affected the conversion rate is the influence of neighborss, the influence of neighbors only affected the conversion rate at the lower-class farmers. Key words: Conversion, land, farmers
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity