Judul: Transformasi Genetik Tembakau dengan Gen BtCspB Penyandi Cold Shock Protein Melalui Perantara Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: Cold shock protein (Csp) is essential for organisms to survive in the abiotic stress condition. It protects RNA from misfolding caused by various abiotic stresses. BtCsp gene had been isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis, fused to promoter of ubiquitin in the T-DNA of pCambia 1300int, and introduced into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. We suppose that plant overexpressing this gene would be tolerant to abiotic stress including cold heat and drought stress. This research had an objective to transform genetically Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun by BtCsp gene under the control of pUbiquitin promoter and NosT terminator mediated by A. tumefaciens. Leaf disks were inoculated by the method of co-cultivation with A. tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring pCambia1300int-BtCspB. We compared the effect of shoaking time between 20 and 30 minutes on the transformation efficiency. The transformation calli were selected on the medium containing 20 mg/l and 50 mg/l hygromcin and regenerated on MS medium containing 1 mg/l BAP and 0,1 mg/L IAA. Based on resistant calli to 50 mg/l hygromicin, the efficiency of transformation between 20 and 30 minutes was selatively equal i.e 65% and 57.5% respectively. PCR analaysis showed that BtCspB gene under the control of Ubquitin promoter is integrated into N. tabacum genome of To generation. Genetic analysis showed that hpt gene was inherited to the progeny T1 generation following Mendalian law. Based on chi-square analysis, the ratio of resistant and sensitive plant To hygromycin in T1 generation was 3:1, indicating that only one copy of hpt gene was integrated into the genome of transgenic plant in To generation.
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Judul: Optimasi Transformasi Eksplan Tebu menggunakan Gen P5CS melalui Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: Genetic transformation is one of the attempt in generating sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) that are tolerant to drought stress. P5CS gene has a role in prolin biosynthesis, the amino acid that accumulating in water stress condition. Transformation of a P5CS gene construct into plant cells in conjunction with regeneration for transgenic plantlets should develop sugarcane tolerant to drought stress. The aim of this research is to generate drought-tolerant sugarcane through optimization transformation which includes the strain of Agrobacterium tumefaciens, a good source of sugarcane eksplant and varieties. This study was done through verification of IBRIEC (Indonesian Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops) P5CS gene collection A. Tumefaciens transformation (Wang 2006), sugarcane explants transformation (Sain 1994) and sugarcane transformant regeneration. Verification of P5CS gene collection was PCR analysed by specific primers P5CS full lenght. PCR and gel electrophoresis showed a single band agarose and the same size of 2.4 kb with positive control. It is convinced that the P5CS gene has been isolated and transformed into A. tumefaciens. IBRIEC collection P5CS genes in plasmid pBI121 were arranged in a recombinant construct of PBI-P5CS transformed into A. tumefaciens strain GV3101, LBA4404 and AGL1. Recombinant constructs PBI- P5CS from Vigna aconitifolia (V. aconitifolia) successfully transformed into cell A. tumefaciens were grown with appropriate antibiotics. Strain GV3101 and LBA4404 used 50 ppm kanamycin and rifampicin respectively, while antibiotics were added in AGL1 strain is 50 ppm kanamycin, rifampicin and ampicillin respectively. The existence of P5CS gene in A. tumefaciens was tested by observing the growth of transformed colonies in media selection and colony PCR analysis using specific primers P5CS full lenght. The results showed that A. tumefaciens transformants were grown in selection media. PCR and gel electrophoresis analysis showed a single band agarose and same size of 2.4 kb with positive control. This showed the success of the transformation A. tumefaciens and used to explants sugar cane transformation. Sugarcane explants used in this research was included calli grown in solid medium, embryogenic calli and somatic embryos with MS medium derived from Temporary Immersion System (TIS) culture with three varieties Kidang Kencana, PS 881 and PS 891. Co-cultivation medium used solid MS medium with acetosyringon in room temperature for two days. Transgenes selection was done in solid MS with antibiotics 50 ppm kanamycin and 500 ppm cefotaxime. Explants were not transformed cultured in MS media as positive control negative control while planted in the media selection. Observation of sugarcane transforman in selection media was calculated the percentage growth in 16th weeks and 32th weeks. The existence of P5CS gene in transgenic shoots was tested with GUS histochemical assay, PCR using conserved regions of specific primers P5CS and NPTII. GUS histochemical test for the presence of P5CS gene constructs showed positive results in the presence of blue staining. DNA amplification showed that expected bent size at 1.2 kb and 700 bp for primers NPTII. The results of this examination proved that both transgenes were inserted in the sugarcane genomes. The test results are stable sugarcane transformants through histochemical GUS test and PCR analysis showed stable transformants sugarcane. Growth
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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