Judul: Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle Linn.) dalam Proses Persembuhan Luka Infeksi Staphylococcus aureus pada Tikus
Abstrak: This research was aimed to prove the wound healing activity of Piper betle leaves ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus infection in rat skin. Various parameters such as pathology anatomy, netrofil presence, and microscopic observation were studied to evaluate the wound healing activity of Piper betle. Nine rats Sprague Dawley strain were used through our the study and each rat was given four treatments. Treatments were control, commercial ointments, akuadest, and Piper betle leaves ethanol extract. The experiment were given for fourteen days. Each of rats was aseptically wounded with four wounds in 1x1 cm2 square shape at the back of rats. Every wound was spilled by Staphylococcus aureus at 1st, 4th, 7th, and 11th day. All data were analyzed with descriptive semiquantitative method. Scoring results show that the first week of wounds treated with piper betle leaves ethanol extract had shown proliferative phase, while the second week treated with betle leaves extract had shown maturation phase. Wound treated with Piper betle leaves extract were healed better than others in the first week. Bassed on the results, Piper betle leaves extract can be used to heal bacterial wound in the skin
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Judul: Wound Healing in Rats (Rattus norvegicus) with  Snail Mucus (Achatina fulica)
Abstrak: Lendir bekicot (Achatina fulica) memiliki kandungan yang dapat mempercepat penyembuhan luka dan aktivitas antibakteri, sehingga sering digunakan sebagai obat alternatif. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan membandingkan peran lendir bekicot yang diberi perlakuan stres dan tidak terhadap proses serta kecepatan penyembuhan luka sayat pada tikus putih secara topikal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 24 ekor tikus yang diberi empat luka sayat pada bagian punggung, luka diberi sediaan kontrol (negatif dan positif) dan lendir bekicot (stres/S dan tanpa perlakuan stres/TS) selama tujuh hari. Persentase sisa panjang luka dihitung pada hari ke-3, 5, 7, dilanjutkan pengamatan histopatologi. Metode Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) dilakukan untuk menguji aktivitas antibakteri lendir bekicot. Proses penyembuhan luka dengan lendir TS lebih cepat, ditunjukkan dengan persentase sisa panjang luka pada perlakuan S dan TS masing-masing sebesar 85,84% dan 80,34% (H-3), 75,64% dan 73,89% (H-5), 53,27% dan 52,16% (H-7). Uji MIC menunjukkan lendir S dan TS memberi daya hambat pertumbuhan bakteri Escherichia coli dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa., Snail mucus (Achatina fulica) has ingredients that can accelerate wound healing and antibacterial activity, so it is often used as an alternative medicine. The purpose of this study was to analyze and compare the role of snail mucus treated with stress and not on the process and speed of wound healing in white rats topically. This study used 24 rats that were given four cuts on the back, the wounds were treated with control preparations (negative and positive) and snail mucus (stress/S and no stress/TS treatment) for seven days. The percentage of remaining wound length was calculated on days 3, 5, 7, followed by histopathological observation. The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) method was performed to test the antibacterial activity of snail mucus. The wound healing process with TS mucus was faster, indicated by the percentage of remaining wound length in the S and TS treatments of 85.84% and 80.34% (H-3), 75.64% and 73.89% (H-5), 53.27% and 52.16% (H-7), respectively. MIC test showed that S and TS mucus inhibited the growth of bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Keyword: Achatina fulica, aktivitas antibakteri, lendir bekicot, penyembuhan luka

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite