Judul: Peningkatan efisiensi penggunaan air untuk pertanian lahan kerin berkelanjutan melalui berbagai teknik irigasi pada typic kanhapludult Lampung, Improvement water use efficiency for sustainable upland agriculture through various irrigation techniques on typic Kanhapludult Lampung
Abstrak: Kekurangan air merupakan faktor utama penurunan produksi dan kegagalan panen di lahan kering. Irigasi dengan air tanah atau air permukaan pada musim kemarau di lahan kering Lampung dpat meningkatkan produksi palawija dan hortikultura, indeks pertanamanan dari 200 menjadi 300 % serta pendapatan petani, namun masih terjadi pemborosan air irigasi sebanyak 10,5 mm/hari., Innadequate irrigation water is the main factor causing low productivity of the upland agriculture in Indonesia. Water supplement through various methods of irrigation practices gave significant increase to almost all of productivity. On the other hand, the water use efficiency (WUE) under the conventional floading system, is generally low.
Keyword: Water Use Efficiency, Management Allowable Depletion (MAD), Irrigation Techniques

Judul: The efficiency of deep-well pump irrigation for dryland farms in east Lombok, West  Nusa Tenggara: a non-radial approach
Abstrak: Since 1981 until now on, the local government has developed deep well pump irrigation to anticipate the decreasing of dryland area and fertility in Lombok. The increase use of dryland nowadays needs the farmers to run farms more efficiently. The variations of farmers backgrounds and their managerial capacities inevitably affect their efficiency rate. This study aims at (1) investigating the use of pump irrigation for dryland farms; (2) developing an approximation to figure out the distribution efficiency from pump house to individual farms; (3) identifying the irrigation efficiency levels achieved by individual farmers and determinant factors affecting the efficiency. The stratified random sampling was applied to get samples of corn and onion farms, differed by high and lowland. Primary data used in this research were collected using a survey technique by interviewing 246 farmers and 49 pump operators in East Lombok during two months periode, based on specific designed questionnaire which previously tested. The study found that (1) the deep well pump irrigation has increased the cropping intensity of dryland schemes from 100 to 261 percent per year; (2) the distribution of irrigation water from pump house to individual farms has been efficient, indicated by a high index of distribution efficiency; and (3) the application of existing technology for irrigation is inefficient. Improving irrigation efficiency can save water about 30, 42 and 44 percent from existing use for corn, lowland onion and higland onion respectively. Using 14 variables in linear additive model, it is found that 9, 5 and 2 variables are significant to explain the irrigation efficiency for the three crops respectively. Experience in running farms in schemes, formal education years, farm cost ratio, and farm income ratio indicate positive effects on the irrigation efficiency. While farmers‟ age, family size, frequency of attending training, and land area cultivated indicate negative effects for corn farms. Improving training and farmers organisation are adivisable to increase the irrigation efficiency.
Keyword: 

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship