Judul: Kajian Membran Nilon pada Proses Filtrasi Bertahap Sistem Cross-Flow untuk Desalinasi Air Payau
Abstrak: The membrane is semi-permeable coating that can form a thin layer separating the two phases with different characters. The membrane used was a nylon membrane. Membrane is used as a filter for the filtration process gradual cross-flow system. Cross-flow technique used to filter the water by passing the water on the membrane with 90° angular position to the normal line of membrane with the variation of the mass 6, 6.5 and 7 g. The filtration was done at pressure of 2.5, 5, 6, 7 and 8 psi. Each membrane was tested for compressive strength and tensile strength before and after each used. SEM test used to see the surface morphology of membrane before and after each used. In brackish water was done flux test and rejection test such as turbidity, salinity, density, and ph. Tests were performed on each filtration flux where the highest flux value is at 6 g membrane. The best rejection and mechanical test at 6.5 g membrane.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), flux, cross-flow, filtration, nylon, membrane

Judul: Kajian Efektivitas Membran Selulosa Asetat pada Proses Filtrasi Bertahap untuk Desalinasi Air Laut
Abstrak: Penelitian ini fokus pada pengkajian efektivitas membran selulosa asetat untuk desalinasi air laut dengan menggunakan sistem filtrasi bertahap. Membran selulosa asetat telah digunakan untuk menyaring air laut. Teknik filtrasi yang digunakan yaitu sistem aliran dead end. Sistem filtrasi dilakukan pada kondisi pemberian variasi tekanan. Nilai fluks membran menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu filtrasi. Nilai fluks mengalami peningkatan dengan meningkatnya tekanan. Kualitas hasil filtrasi menunjukkan peningkatan, terlihat dari nilai salinitas, kekeruhan, pH, maupun rapat massanya yang menurun. Salinitas air laut menurun setelah melewati membran, berarti terjadi desalinasi. Penurunan salinitasnya sebesar 6,25%. Dalam hal ini membran mempunyai kemampuan merejeksi. Hasil sistem filtrasi bertahap memiliki rejeksi kekeruhan sebesar 64,407%, nilai ini lebih tinggi dibanding rejeksi: salinitas, pH, dan rapat massa. Membran yang telah dipakai pada masing-masing tahapan filtrasi mengalami peristiwa fouling.
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates