Judul: The Estimation of Income Shock Impact on Household Food Consumption in West Java Province
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 atau bencana lainnya dapat menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan pendapatan tidak terduga pada seluruh lapisan masyarakat, hal ini dapat menyebabkan perubahan kuantitas dan kualitas konsumsi pangan. Diperlukan langkah antisipatif dan strategi penguatan ketahanan pangan yang memperhatikan perubahan pola konsumsi pangan akibat income shock. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi perubahan konsumsi pangan rumah tangga di Provinsi Jawa Barat berdasarkan kelas (kuintil) pendapatan menggunakan data sekunder SUSENAS 2017. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meskipun terjadi penurunan konsumsi pada seluruh kelas pendapatan, kelas pendapatan 1 adalah kelas pendapatan yang paling terdampak. Adanya bantuan tunai dapat meningkatkan konsumsi energi dan protein namun belum bisa mengembalikan pola konsumsi awalnya. Sedangkan pemberian bantuan non-tunai dapat meningkatkan konsumsi energi dan protein hingga melebihi konsumsi awal, bahkan konsumsi energi melebihi tingkat kecukupan gizi (110,9%), namun belum mampu meningkatkan keragaman konsumsi pangan., The COVID-19 pandemic and other disasters may lead to an unexpected decrease in income at all levels of society, and in turn may lower both quantity and quality of food consumption. A strategy to strengthen food security is needed that takes into account the changes in food consumption patterns due to income shock. This research aims to estimate changes in household food consumption in West Java Province by quintile income class. The research was conducted by processing secondary data with a quantitative descriptive research design. The results showed that despite the decline of consumption in all income classes, lower income class were the most affected by the income shock. The existence of cash assistance can increase energy and protein consumption but has not been able to restore the initial consumption pattern. While the provision of non-cash assistance can increase energy and protein consumption to exceed initial consumption, even energy consumption exceeds the nutritional adequacy level (110.9%), but has not been able to increase the diversity of food consumption.
Keyword: COVID-19, food consumption, food security, income elasticity, income shock

Judul: Estimation of Income Shock Impact on Household Food Consumption in Bogor District and City
Abstrak: Salah satu dampak dari kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) untuk menanggulangi penyebaran Covid-19 di Indonesia adalah income shock yang terjadi pada setiap golongan masyarakat, terutama rumah tangga berpendapatan rendah. Income shock ini berpotensi menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas konsumsi pangan rumah tangga. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi dampak income shock yang disebabkan oleh pandemi Covid-19 terhadap konsumsi pangan rumah tangga di Kabupaten dan Kota Bogor. Desain penelitian menggunakan desain studi deskriptif kuantitatif dengan data dasar Susenas 2017. Simulasi dilakukan dengan memasukkan model persamaan regresi pendapatan dengan konsumsi pangan rumah tangga. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya penurunan kategori Tingkat Kecukupan Energi (TKE) dan Tingkat Kecukupan Protein (TKP), terutama pada rumah tangga berpendapatan rendah setelah disimulasikan terkena income shock -10%, -20%, dan -30%. Pada rumah tangga berpendapatan rendah, jenis pangan strategis yang bersifat elastis atau mewah antara lain jagung, daging ayam, daging sapi, dan susu mengalami penurunan konsumsi yang signifikan. Bantuan Pangan Non-Tunai (BPNT) lebih signifikan meningkatkan kategori TKE dan TKP, serta pangan strategis, dibandingkan Bantuan Langsung Tunai (BLT). Kebijakan pemerintah berupa bantuan sosial, bisa dipertahankan dengan eksekusi yang lebih tepat sasaran., The impact of the semi-lockdown policy to tackle the spread of Covid-19 in Indonesia is an income shock that occurs in every class of society, especially lowincome households. This income shock potentially reduces household quantity and quality food consumption. This study aims to estimate the impact of the income shock caused by the Covid-19 pandemic on household food consumption in Bogor Regency and City. The research design uses a quantitative descriptive study with the Susenas 2017 as the basic data. The simulation starts by including an income on regression equation model with household food consumption. The results show that there is a decline in the categories of energy and protein adequacy percentage, especially in low-income households after being simulated with an income shock of -10%, -20%, and -30%. Low-income households also found some strategic foods are elastic or luxurious such as corn, chicken, beef, and milk, which encounter significant decrease in consumption. Food assistance is more significant increasing the categories of Energy and Protein Adequacy, as well as strategic food, than cash assistance. Government policies, such as social assistance, can be maintained with more precise execution.
Keyword: energy and protein adequacy, household consumption, income shock, strategic foods

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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