Judul: Genome-Wide Association Study for Natural Variation in Enzymatic Activities and Motility Traits in Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.
Abstrak: Genome wide association studies are commonly used to study complex traits involved in human disease and in plant development. This research suggest that genome wide association is also feasible to study natural variation in bacterial pathogen like Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc). Studies on 50 Xcc strains were done by phenotyping four enzymatic activities and two types of motilities with genomic data available, AFLP and SNPs markers. The results showed that the sample size affects the number of AFLP markers detected were identified some genes that correspond to significant coding SNPs for amylase and endoglucanase activities. Significant markers identified in this association might be a candidate gene for those traits. It is necessary to follow-up these studies to confirm this hypothesis.
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Judul: Analisis Sekuen DNA yang Terlibat dalam Patogenesitas dan Perancangan Primer PCR Spesifik untuk Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. glycines
Abstrak: Xanfhomonas axompodis pv, glycines (Xag) causes bacterial pustules an susceptible soybean cultivars. Therefore, understanding on the? mechanism of pathogenicity and soybean - Xag interaction are paramount impartant to develop strategy far disease control and as a model system fur a similar phenomenon. The objectives of this work are: (i) to identify pathogenicity gene(s) of Xag as an approach to understand the mechanism underlying specific pathogsnicrty in this group of bacteria, and (ii) to design specific PCR primers for Xag. A non-pathogenic Xag mutant derived from the wild type strain Xag YR32, designated M715, was constructed employing a mini-Tn5 transpusan. We have cloned a 1.8 kb-Pstl DNA fragment from Xag YR32. DNA sequence analysis indicated that the gene inactivated by the transposon in M"7 5 encoded a TonB-dependent receptor which is invofved in uptake of ferric-siderophore into the cell. Introduction of a broad-host range plasmid harboring a corresponding DNA fragment from the Xag YR32 into MY1 5 restored, albeit partially, pathogenicity of the mutant. We have designed two specific PCR primers for Xag, i.e., EttyOl (5'-TTgCggCgATTg-3') and EttyQ2 (5'- CgCATgCCATTg-3'). Arnpfificatian af Xag genornic DNA employing these specific primers generated a 436-bp amplimn. Southern hybridization analysis of five pathavars of Xanfhomonas and five wild types of Xag from Indonesia and Taiwan indicated that the pathogenicity gene was unique to Xag.
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Judul: Iklim Pulau Bali
Abstrak: Curah hujan rata-rata bulanan di Bali berkisar antara 47 mm sampai 327 mm, dengan curah hujan maksimum jatuh pada bulan Januari dan minimum pada bulan Agustus. Total hujan setahun rata-rata di Bali 1901 mm. Pada muim angin barat, curah hujan di utara pegunungan relatif sama dengan di selatan pegunungan, sedangkan pada musim angin timur curah hujan di selatan pegunungan lebih tinggi daripada di utara pegunungan. Isohyet tiap bulan di Bali menunjukkan pengaruh ого- grafis terjadi di bagian timur P. Bali yang mengakibatkan di selatan pegunungan lebih basah daripada di di utara pegunungan selama musim kemarau (monsoon timur). Dari isohyet tersebut dapat juga dilihat bahwa potensi air tertinggi ada di bagian timur P. Bali ini khususnya di bawah kaki G. Agung. Musim angin barat di Bali terjadi pada bulan Desember sampai dengan bulan Maret, dan pada bulan April sampai bulan September merupakan musim angin timur. Musim panca roba terjadi pada bulan Oktober sampai bulan November. ..
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