Judul: Evaluation of Nutrient Composition and Protein Fraction of TMR Silage on CGF Substitution with Longevity Spinach Leaf
Abstrak: Daun sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr.) memiliki potensi sebagai bahan pakan alternatif karena mengandung protein kasar yang tinggi dan berbagai senyawa aktif yang bermanfaat. Total mixed ration dalam silase digunakan untuk menjadikan pakan lebih praktis dalam pemberiannya dan pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrien. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas silase TMR yang menggunakan daun sambung nyawa terhadap komposisi nutrien, dan fraksi serat. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 sampel silase TMR yang terdiri atas 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan dengan formulasi iso-protein dan iso-energi. P0 = kontrol (sambung nyawa 0%), P1 = sambung nyawa 10%, P2 = sambung nyawa 15%, P3 = sambung nyawa 20%. Peubah yang diukur meliputi bahan kering (BK), protein kasar (PK), lemak kasar (LK), serat kasar (SK), bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen (BETN), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), hemiselulosa, neutral detergent insoluble crude protein (NDICP), acid detergent insoluble crude protein (ADICP) dan nilai fleigh. Data dianalisis menggunakan uji ragam dan yang berbeda nyata diuji lanjut menggunakan uji Duncan. Penggunaan daun sambung nyawa pada silase TMR berbeda nyata terhadap BK, PK, BETN, dan nilai fleigh. Silase TMR yang menggunakan daun sambung nyawa memiliki kualitas nutrien yang sangat baik berdasarkan nilai fleigh dan bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen. Penambahan daun sambung nyawa tidak merubah komposisi fraksi serat dan protein pada dinding sel silase TMR.
Keyword: Gynura procumbens, silase, total mixed ration

Judul: Evaluation of The Quality of  Rice Straw Silage Enriched with Indigofera Leaves and Longevity Spinach Leaf Flour
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas silase jerami padi yang diperkaya daun Indigofera dan tepung daun sambung nyawa yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) untuk kualitas silase, dan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) untuk uji in vitro. Perlakuan terdiri dari T0 = jerami padi 100%; T1 = jerami padi 75% + daun Indigofera 25%; T2 = jerami padi 50% + daun Indigofera 50%; T3 = T1 + tepung daun sambung nyawa 10% (w/w); T4 = T2 + tepung daun sambung nyawa 10% (w/w). Setiap perlakuan ditambahkan dedak padi, molases, dan inokulum L. plantarum. Parameter yang diamati yaitu karakteristik fisik dan fermentatif, kandungan nutrien, fermentabilitas, kecernaan dan kinetika gas. Data diuji menggunakan ANOVA dan perbedaan nyata dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Penambahan daun Indigofera dan tepung sambung nyawa memberikan pengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap kualitas silase, kandungan nutrien, kecernaan, dan kinetika gas rumen. Penambahan daun Indigofera dan tepung daun sambung nyawa mampu meningkatkan kualitas silase namun belum mampu meningkatkan kecernaan secara in vitro., This study aimed to evaluate the quality of rice straw silage enriched with Indigofera leaves and longevity spinach (Gynura procumbens) leaf flour that consisted of 5 treatments with 5 replications, using (1) a completely randomized design (CRD) for the quality of silage, and (2) a randomized block design (RBD) for the in vitro analysis. The treatments consisted of T0 = rice straw 100%; T1 = 75% rice straw + 25% Indigofera leaves; T2 = 50% rice straw + 50% Indigofera leaves; T3 = T1 + longevity spinach flour 10% (w/w); T4 = T2 + longevity spinach flour 10% (w/w). Each treatment was added rice bran, molasses, L. Plantarum inoculum. The parameters analyzed were physical, fermentative characteristics, nutrient content, fermentability, digestibility, and gas kinetics. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and significantly different treatments would be further analyzed with Duncan test. The results showed the addition of Indigofera leaves and longevity spinach flour had a significant effect (p<0.05) silage qualities, nutrient content, digestibility, and gas production. It concluded that the addition of Indigofera leaves and longevity spinach flour increased the quality of the silage but had not been able to increase the in vitro digestibility.
Keyword: Indigofera, in vitro, jerami padi, silase, tepung daun sambung nyawa, Indigofera, in vitro, longevity spinach, rice straw, silage

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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