Judul: Efektivitas Ekstrak Tempe Terhadap Gambaran Siklus Estrus Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegius) yang Diberikan pada Usia Awal Pubertas.
Abstrak: Tempe is a soybean product that contains phytoestrogen. This research was aimed to know the influence of tempe extract which were given on female rats at early pubertal age on the estrous cycle. Nine 21-days old female rats were divided into three groups, which were control group and two treatment group, given tempe extract 0.005 g per g bodyweight and 0.01 g per g bodyweight everyday for 28 days respectively. Vaginal swab samples were taken twice a day with 12 hours intervals. Sample analysis were based on morphologic vaginal epithelial cells that are changed every phase. Data were collected when the rat have reached 72 days old and were analyze descriptively. The result showed increase total cycle duration in the group that were given tempe extract 0.005 g per g bodyweight, but in the group that were given tempe extract 0.01 g per g bodyweight showed a decrease in total cycle duration. Both of the treatment dosage could increase length duration of estrous phase.
Keyword: tempe extract, phytoestrogen, vaginal epithelial cells, cycle duration, white rat

Judul: Peran Ekstrak Tempe pada Masa Prapubertas terhadap Kinerja Reproduksi Tikus Betina Rattus norvegicus
Abstrak: Tempe extract is one of soybean processed that has phytoestrogens within it. Research was conducted to analyse the potency of tempe estrogenic at prepuberty periode to reproduction system in female rats (Rattus nonvergicus) at the age of 21 days. Rats were divided into control group (without given tempe extract) and treatment group (given 6.25 g/kgBW tempe extract). Tempe extract were given during 28 days. At the age of 28, 42, and 56 days, samples of ovarium, uterus, and blood were collected from the female rats. Parameters observed were body weight, ovarium weight, uterus weight, and reproduction hormone content which were estrogen and testosteron. Data were analysed using Independent Samples T-Test methode with 95% confidence interval. Results showed that increasing of ovarium weight of treatment group is higher than control group at the age of 42 days. Phytoestrogens given is assumed to increase estrogen and testosteron at female rats at the age of 42 days.
Keyword: estrogen, ovarium, phytoestrogen, prepuberty, tempe extract, uterus

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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