Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1) Pada Ayam Lokal Dan Ras Pedaging Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Identification of gene diversity is closely related on production levels. One of the genes that suspected to have an influence on the nature of growth is the insulin-like growth Factor I (IGF-1). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and polymerase chain reaction allows the identification of genetic diversity directly at the DNA level. This study aims to identify the diversity of IGF-1 and find out the variation of genes at several native chicken and broiler. Total number of samples were 100 heads from are native chicken and broiler chicken. Native chicken that consists of four types : 15 kampoeng chickens, 16 kedu chickens, 15 sentul chickens and 15 pelung chickens, 23 arab chickens, and 16 broiler chickens. Using PCR-RFLP method by Pst1 restriction enzyme. Genotyping the IGF-1 gene resulted in two alleles, namely A and B, with three genotypes, namely AA, AB dan BB. The average frequency of the A allele followed by native chickens and broiler chickens was higher (0.68) than the B allele (0.32). AA genotype had the highedt average frequency (0.56) than the AB genotype (0.40) and the BB genotype (0.04). Chi-Square analysis showed that kampoeng chickens, kedu chickens, sentul chickens, pelung chickens, and broiler chickens were in Hardy-weinberg (HW) equilibrium (X2 < X2(0.05)), contrast to arab chickens (X2 > X2(0.05)). The sixth type of chicken has a low heterozygosity values. The closest kinship exists between populations kedu chicken and chicken Sentul at 0.395, and the farthest are the populations of broiler chickens and that is equal to 0.979.
Keyword: genetic polymorphism, IGF-I, broiler chicken, native chickens

Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Insulin-Like Growth Factor 2 (IGF2|NlaIII) pada Ayam Kampung dan Ras Petelur serta Persilangannya
Abstrak: Ayam kampung memiliki potensi dikembangkan sebagai komoditas ternak yang potensial, walaupun sistem budidaya yang dilakukan pada ayam kampung belum optimal. Persilangan pada ayam kampung dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai heterozigositas, yang dapat digunakan untuk menyeleksi ayam yang paling berpotensi dari setiap bangsa. Gen IGE2 sebagai gen yang mengontrol pertumbuhan embrio, diferensiasi sel, dan metabolisme lemak merupakan gen fungsional yang dapat digunakan sebagai marka genetik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman pada gen IGF2 di eksen 4 pada ayam kampung, ras Isa Brown, dan persilangannya. Identifikasi keragaman yang dilakukan menggunakan 106 sampel dari populasi ayam kampung, ras petelur Isa Brown, dan persilangannya. Teknik PCR-RFLP dengan enzim NlalII digūnakan untuk menunjukkan adanya keragaman dari populasi yang terdiri atas dua alel C dan T dengan masing-masing frekuensi sebesar 0.500-0.593 dan 0.353-0.500. Keragaman populasi dapat diamati pada populasi kampung, ras petelur Isa Brown, KP(Kampung x ras petelur Isa Brown) dan SKPt (Sentul-Kampung x ras petelur Isa Brown). Populasi SKPt menunjukkan adanya keseimbangan, sedangkan populasi Kampung, dan KPt tidak menunjukkan adanya keseimbangan populasi sesuai dengan hukum Hardy-Weinberg.
Keyword: IGF2, Isa Brown, Kampung chicken, NlaIII, PCR-RFLP, Local chicken, Heterozygosity, Chicken breeds, Embryonic phase growth, Cell differentiation, Fat metabolism, Gene pollymorphism

Judul: Numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring in front of impermeable breakwater with different steepnesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters. A two-dimensional hydrodynamics model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed and then combined with an empirical sediment transport model. Comparisons with an analytical solution and experimental data showed the present model is very accurate in predicting the near bottom velocity and capable of simulating the scour/deposition patterns consistent with experimental data. It was found that the additional terms of bottom shear stress in the momentum equations are necessary to produce a physical scouring pattern. Different breakwater steepnesses produce different characteristics of standing wave, the steady streaming system, and scouring pattern in front of the breakwaters, which also affects the correlations between them. An additional analysis of the turbulence field parameters and the sediment transport rate was also performed. All these important information will be presented in details in this paper and can be worthwhile for designing the breakwater in coastal areas.
Keyword: The RANS–VOF model Standingwave Steadystreamingsystem Scouring pattern Breakwatersteepness