Judul: Pendekatan Regresi Spasial dalam Pemodelan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka
Abstrak: Solution of unemployment rate becomes one of the focuses of Indonesia development. The highest open unemployment rate is in Java. So it is interesting to study about factors that influence open unemployment rate in Java. The connection between area (spatial effect) are need to be considered. In this case, there is a spatial effect that can be solve with regression of area approach. Spatial regression with area approach are Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR), Spatial Error Model (SEM), and General Spatial Model (GSM). The model selection criteria are the coefficient of determination (R2), value of variance estimate and the value of AIC (Akaike’s Information Criterion). The results show that GSM and SAR is better regression model than OLS and SEM and the factors that affect open unemployment rate are the percentage of people who did not complete primary school (SD), the gross regional domestic product constant prices for regency/city, percentage of people working in agriculture and minimum salary for regency/city.
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Judul: Model regresi spasial untuk deteksi faktor-faktor kemiskinan di Provinsi Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Poverty is one of the biggest problems in Indonesia. An approach to overcome this problem is to determine the factors that affect poverty usually using ordinary least square regression model (OLS). However, poverty is not only influenced by explanatory variables but also by various aspects related to surrounding locations. Therefore, this research employed spatial regression models, i.e. Spatial Autoregressive Models (SAR), Spatial Error Models (SEM), and Spatial General Models (SGM). Contiguity matrix is as spatial weighting matrix. The model selection criteria are the coefficient of determination (R2), slope regression of dependent variable to its estimator and the value of RMSE (Root Mean Square Error). The results show that SAR is better regression model than OLS and the factors that affect poverty are the percentage of people who did not complete primary school (SD), the percentage of people who drink another kind of water instead of drinking water, and the percentage of people who live in unhealthy houses with floor area at least 8 m2 per capita.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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