Judul: Identification of antibacterial compounds from glycyrrhizae radix, borneo camphor, and coptidis Rhizoma towards Streptococcus pyogenes and Staphylococcus aureus
Abstrak: Glycyrrhizae radix, borneo camphor, and coptidis rhizoma are dried plants that have been used as herbal medicine. Ethanol extracts of coptidis rhizoma, glycyrrhizae radix, and borneo camphor showed minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) towards Staphylococcus aureus of 20, 20, and 40 mg/ml, respectively, with inhibitory zone diameter of 9.31 ± 2.88, 2.00 ± 1.33, and 3.33 ± 3.31 mm, respectively. MIC to Streptococcus pyogenes for these 3 extracts were similar, i.e 40 mg/ml with inhibitory zone diameter of 7.83 ± 4.38, 1.50 ± 2.87, and 3.07 ± 0.60 mm, respectively. Ethanol extracts from coptidis rhizoma had maximum inhibitory to S. pyogenes and S. aureus. According to its qualitative assays, they contained alkaloids and saponins. The ultraviolet spectra showed maximum absorption at λ 227 nm. The infrared spectrum also showed the existence of –OH, CH sp2, –C=C, C-C aryl, C-N, and C-X. Based on contrast orthogonal tests, combinations of ethanol extracts from coptidis rhizoma, glycyrrhizae radix, and borneo camphor (1:1:1) showed significant differences in inhibiting S. aureus growth, indicating that combinations of the three extracts showed no synergy properties in inhibiting S. aureus growth. Combinations of ethanol extracts from coptidis rhizoma, glycyrrhizae radix, and borneo camphor (1:1:1) did not show significant differences in inhibiting S. pyogenes growth, meaning that combinations of the three extracts showed synergy properties in inhibiting S. pyogenes growth.
Keyword: 

Judul: Potention of Zingiber officinale, Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma xanthorriza and Andrographis paniculata as anti Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Eschericia coli Agents of Complex Chronic Respiratory Diseases
Abstrak: Zingiber officinale Rosc, Kaempferia galanga, Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb and Andrographis paniculata nees are medicinal plants that have been used widely for traditional treatment for human in Indonesia. The herbs have also been used for treatment in animals but they have not been proven scientifically. The advantages of using herbs for treatment compared to antibiotics are the herbs have less resistances, low toxicity and no residual component produce in the body organs. Complex chronic respiratory disease (CCRD) of chickens was known to be infectious and causes high economic losses against poultry industries. The main agent of the disease is Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) and complicated by Escherichia coli (E. coli) as the secondary infection. Antibiotics have been used widely for treatment the disease but the disease is still spread widely in the world up to now. The other disadvantages are bacterial resistance and drug residues have frequently been reported. The aim of this study is to evaluate the potency of four medicinal plants against Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum) and Eschirichia coli (E. coli) infections. The potencies of those plants were examined using growth inhibition test according to Kirby bauer method. The study was treated as followed: the M. gallisepticum and E. coli were treated with traditional herbs (extract of Zingiber officinale Rosc, kaempferia galanga, Curcuma xanthorrhiza roxb and Andrographis paniculata nees) in different concentrations from 0.4% to 50%. The study was provided by negative and positive controls. The negative control was used without treatment on the disc and positive control was using 5 ug enrofloxacin disc. The result of this study showed that the zingiber water extract and zingiber n hexan fraction had good inhibition zones for M. gallisepticum but not for E.coli. No inhibition zones were performed by other herbs against neither M. gallisepticum nor E.coli. Further compound inhibition effect of Zingiber officinale Rosc against M. gallisepticum was carried out using thin layer chromatography (TLC) technique. Gingerol and zingiberen compounds were obtained from this technique and these compounds were suspected to be the main compound causing inhibition. According to literature search, these two compounds are belonging to essential oil.
Keyword: 

Judul: Penerbangan Otomatis Pesawat Tanpa Awak Jenis Sayap Tetap dengan iNav
Abstrak: Pesawat tanpa awak (UAV) dapat dikendalikan secara manual dengan remote control atau secara otomatis dengan flight controller (FC). Salah satu jenis UAV adalah sayap tetap yang memiliki bentuk seperti pesawat terbang pada umumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan penerbangan otomatis pada UAV jenis sayap tetap dengan mengkonfigurasi perangkat FC. UAV yang digunakan adalah model SkySurfer X8 dengan bentang sayap 1.4 m. FC yang digunakan adalah Matek F405-Wing yang dikonfigurasi dengan perangkat lunak iNav. Berdasarkan hasil uji terbang, UAV berhasil terbang secara otomatis mengikuti skenario yang diberikan. Skenario terjauh berupa persegi berukuran 600×600 m pada ketinggian 100 m, yang ditempuh dalam waktu sekitar 2 menit dengan kecepatan sekitar 65 km/jam. Diharapkan prosedur perakitan, konfigurasi, operasi, dan hasil data uji terbang dapat menjadi acuan dalam penelitian selanjutnya.
Keyword: iNav, penerbangan otomatis, pesawat tanpa awak, sayap tetap