Judul: Determinan dan Invers Matriks Circulant dengan Entri Barisan Aritmetika
Abstrak: Matriks circulant adalah matriks segi yang entrinya bergeser satu kolom ke kanan secara berurutan. Sehingga entri matriks circulant dapat dilihat dari satu kolom atau satu baris matriks tersebut. Salah satu sifat yang dimiliki matriks circulant, adalah bahwa inversnya juga bersifat circulant. Entri baris pertama suatu matriks circulant dapat diisi dengan berbagai bentuk barisan bilangan yang salah satunya adalah barisan aritmetika. Pada karya ilmiah ini diformulasikan secara eksplisit determinan dan invers matriks ... dst, Circulant matrix is a square matrix whose entry are shifted one column to the right sequentially. So the entry of a circulant matrix can be seen as one column or one row of the matrix. One of the property of a circulant matrix is the inverse also in the form of circulant. The first row of a circulant matrix can be filled in various type of sequence of numbers such as arithmetic sequence. In this research, the determinant and the inverse of a circulant matrix ... dst
Keyword: arithmetic sequence, circulant matrix, determinant, inverse

Judul: Perhitungan Determinan dan Invers Matriks Circulant dengan Entri Jacobsthal Numbers Menggunakan Operasi Baris atau Kolom Dasar
Abstrak: Matriks circulant merupakan matriks segi berukuran n × n dengan setiap diagonal mempunyai elemen yang sama serta elemen matriks pada baris sebelumnya digeser satu posisi ke kanan pada baris berikutnya. Salah satu sifat yang dimiliki matriks circulant, yaitu inversnya juga berupa circulant. Entri-entri dari matriks circulant dapat menggunakan entri dengan berbagai bilangan, salah satunya adalah Jacobsthal Number. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan perhitungan determinan dan invers matriks circulant dengan entri Jacobsthal Numbers. Pembuktian formulasi determinan matriks circulant dengan entri Jacobsthal Numbers didapatkan dari serangkaian operasi baris dasar sehingga terbentuk matriks segitiga atas, sedangkan formulasi invers matriks didapatkan berdasarkan sifat-sifat ekuivalensi matriks dari hasil serangkaian operasi baris dan kolom dasar sehingga terbentuk matriks diagonal. Matrix circulant is a n × n triangular matrix with the identical elements on each diagonal and the elements from the previous row relocated one place to the right in the next row. The circulant's entries can contain a variety of numbers, one of which is the Jacobsthal numbers. In this scientific work, it is determined the calculation of the determinant and the inverse of the circulant with the entry of Jacobsthal Numbers. The determinant formulation is obtained from a series of elementary row operations to get an upper triangular matrix, and the inverse formulation is based on the matrix equivalence properties of a series of elementary row and column operations to get a diagonal matrix.
Keyword: elementary row or column operation, circulant matrices, determinant, invers, jacobsthal numbers

Judul: Pengaruh Jumlah Bahan Pretanning dan Minyak Biji Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) Terhadap Mutu Kulit Samoa. Di
Abstrak: Animal hides or skins are the most valuable by product of the meat industry. Most of those hides are converted into leather by leather tanning process. Chrome based tanning is the most popular tanning process. At the chrome based tanning process, a lot of amount chrome are throw away into the environment that make a significant effect to the biological and ecological environment damaged. Due to concerns over the use and disposal of chromed tanned leather, the leather industry is now facing increasing scrutiny over its use of chrome as tanning agent. The use of non-chrome tannages has gradually become pre-eminent to producing leather, particularly in the European automotive leather markets. Chamois leather is one of leather product. It is produced from animal hides/skins by oil tanning process, usually with fish oil. High price and odour problems to the chamois leather that produced using fish oil motivate to do some research to solve that problems. Rubber seed oil is an oil that predicted can substitute fish oil. Pretanning process is needed to increase the oil penetration and protects the pelt from putrefying during oxidation periods (Khrisnan et al., 2005). Relugan GT 50 is the agent that used on this research. Relugan GT 50 is an aldehyde tanning agent, produced by BASF. This research was aimed to find out the effects of Relugan GT 50 concentration (offer) and rubber seeds (Hevea brasiliensis) oil to the chamois leather’s quality. Beside that, this research is also aimed to decide the best combination of the factors to produce chamois leather also to know the chamois leather characteristics. The preliminary research was carried out by analyzing the rubber seed’s kernel and eggshell as well as physico-chemical properties of the rubber seed oil. The main research was done by tanning the skin with Relugan GT 50 in concentrations of 1.5, 3.0 and 4.5% followed by rubber seed oil concentrations of 10, 20, and 30%. The experimental design used was completely randomize factorial design. The preliminary research shows that rubber seed’s kernel was 49% and rubber seed’s eggshell was 51%. The rubber seed’s oil characterstics were density of 0.94 (g/cm3), viscosity of 48,4 centistokes, colour of 2713 PtCo units, inodine value 113 g iod/ 100 g, peroxide value of 24 miliequivalent/1000 gram oil, acid value of 15 mg KOH/g oil and FFA content of 5.8%. The research shows that Relugan GT 50 concentration significantly affected shrinkage temperature (Ts) and pH; rubber seed oil concentration significantly affect the organoleptic properties of the leather. The optimum conditions for the tanning were Relugan GT of 3.0% concentration and 10% rubber seeds oil. The physical properties of the leather were shrinkage temperature of 75oC, thickness of 0.92 mm, tensile strength of 21.50 N/mm2, elongation at break of 144%, tear strength of 55.77 N/mm, water absorption of 266% (2 hours) and 299% (24 hours). The chemical properties were oil content of 2.5%, ash content of 1.2% and pH of 8. The organoleptic properties were softness of 7–8, colour of 8-9, and odour of 8-9.
Keyword: