Judul: The Analysis of Livelihood Resilience of Leather Craftsmen During The COVID-19 Pandemic (Case Study: Leather Craftsmen in Sukaregang Leather Industry Center, Garut Regency, West Java)
Abstrak: Penyebaran pandemi COVID-19 menimbulkan dampak yang serius kepada Usaha, Mikro, Kecil dan Menengah (UMKM) seperti penurunan jumlah penjualan. UMKM sektor industri kulit khususnya di Kabupaten Garut merupakan salah satu UMKM yang merasakan dampak serius akibat pandemi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis struktur nafkah, mekanisme adaptasi, dan faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap resiliensi nafkah rumah tangga pengrajin kulit pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung dengan kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa struktur nafkah rumah tangga yang terdiri dari beragam sumber nafkah dapat mempercepat waktu pulih dari keadaan krisis (strong resilient) karena tidak bergantung pada satu sumber nafkah saja. Selanjutnya, besarnya modal fisik rumah tangga yang banyak dapat mempercepat waktu pulih dari keadaan krisis (strong resilient) karena modal fisik tersebut dapat dijual sewaktu mengalami krisis. Berbeda dengan hal itu, semakin besar jumlah tenaga kerja yang telah mempelajari kerajinan kulit dalam suatu rumah tangga dapat memperlambat waktu pulih dari keadaan krisis (less resilient) karena sumber nafkah dalam rumah tangga tersebut hanya bergantung pada satu sumber nafkah saja yaitu sektor industri kulit. Sehingga, dapat disimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap resiliensi nafkah rumah tangga pengrajin kulit adalah (1) struktur nafkah, (2) besarnya modal fisik, dan (3) jumlah tenaga kerja yang telah mempelajari kerajinan kulit., The spread of COVID-19 pandemic has had a serious impact on Micro, Small Medium Enterprise (MSMEs) such as a decrease in the number of sales. MSMEs in leather industry sector, especially in Garut Regency, are one of the MSMEs that have felt a serious impact due to pandemic. The purpose of this study was to analyze the livelihood structure, adaptation mechanisms, and factors that significantly influence the household livelihood resilience of leather craftsmen during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a quantitative research supported by qualitative. The results of this study indicate that structure of household livelihood which consists of various sources of livelihood can accelerate recovery from a crisis because it does not depend on a single source of livelihood. Next, the large amount of household physical capital can accelerate recovery from a crisis because physical capital can be sold in times of crisis. Different from that, greater number of workers who have studied leather craft in a household can slow down time to recover from a crisis because source of livelihood in household only depends on one source of livelihood, namely leather industry sector. Thus, it can be concluded that factors that significantly influence household livelihood resilience of leather craftsmen are (1) structure of livelihood, (2) amount of physical capital, and (3) number of workers who have studied leather craft.
Keyword: pandemi, pengrajin kulit, resiliensi nafkah, pandemic, leather craftsman, livelihood resilience

Judul: Gender and Household Livelihood Strategies Affected by the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case: Household of Industrial Workers Affected by Layoffs, Temporarily Laid off and salary cuts in Tangerang City).
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 yang muncul di Indonesia memiliki dampak luas bagi bidang ketenagakerjaan yaitu adanya penerapan kebijakan oleh perusahaan terutama pada sektor industri. Pekerja buruh industri merupakan salah satu kelompok yang rentan sebelum adanya pandemi dan diperburuk dengan adanya pandemi yaitu kehilangan sumber nafkah utama akibat adanya pemutusan hubungan kerja, dirumahkan sementara, dan pemotongan gaji. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis karakteristik, perubahan modal nafkah, serta gender dan strategi nafkah rumah tangga. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah teknik kuesioner dan wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terjadi perubahan modal nafkah pada rumah tangga pekerja buruh industri, baik perubahan yang menurun maupun meningkat. Strategi berhemat menjadi strategi yang paling banyak dilakukan, baik oleh perempuan maupun laki-laki. Rumah tangga yang mengalami penurunan modal nafkah bergegas melakukan beragam strategi nafkah demi memenuhi kebutuhan rumah tangganya., The COVID-19 pandemic that emerged in Indonesia has a broad impact on the field of employment, namely the implementation of policies by companies, especially in the industrial sector. Industrial workers were one of the vulnerable groups before the pandemic and was exacerbated by the pandemic, namely the loss of their main source of income due to policies from the company in the form of termination of employment, temporary layoffs, and salary cuts. The purpose of this study was to analyze the characteristics, changes in living capital, gender and household livelihood strategies. This study uses a quantitative approach which is supported by a qualitative approach. Data collection techniques used are questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The results showed that there was a change in the living capital of industrial workers' households, both decreasing and increasing changes. The frugal strategy is the most widely used strategy, both by women and men. Households that experienced a decrease in their living capital rushed to carry out various livelihood strategies to meet their household needs.
Keyword: gender, industrial labor workers, livelihood strategy, pandemic

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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