Judul: evaluasi potensi genetik sifat pertumbuhan pejantan kambing PE dan Saanen di balai penelitian ternak, Ciawi- Bogor
Abstrak: Etawah Grade (EG) and Saanen goats are two types of small ruminant commonly raised for producing milk in Indonesia. Milk yield can be increased by doing selection programs based on breeding value (EBV) in order to obtain superior bukcs. The objective of this research was to evaluate the genetic quality growth trait of EG and Saanen bucks at the Research Institute for Animal Production (RIAP), Ciawi-Bogor. This research used 136 kids from 8 EG buks and 48 kids from 2 Saanen bucks from RIAP, Ciawi-Bogor. The data came from the recording in 2006 until 2009. Variables measured were birth weight and weaning weight then analyzed by t-test, weaning weight data were standardized to the age of 120 days and corrected to the type of single births and male (Saanen), and corrected to the type of twin births and female (EG). Heritability was calculated by the method of paternal half sibs, and the value of breeding (Breeding Value) was calculated by the Contemporary Comparison method. The results showed that male EG birth weight was 3,20±0,67 kg, while female birth weight was 2,87±0,60 kg. Male Saanen birth weight was 3,31±0,39 kg, while female birth weight was 2,98±0,39 kg. Etawah Grade birth weight in single birth was 3,28±0,69 kg and twins was 2,83±0,53 kg. Saanen birth weight in single birth was 3,33±0,69 kg, and twins was 2,94±0,21 kg. Heritability of EG birth weight and weaning weight were classified as high (0,50±0,34 and 0,56±0,36). Heritability of Saanen birth weight was 0,36 ± 0,68, this value was classified as moderate. Etawah Grade bucks with high breeding value (BV) was the identity number 261 (0,77), whereas that in Saanen buck was the identity number 9021 (0,49).
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Judul: Keragaan Kualitas Susu Segar dan Mentega Berdasarkan Genotipe Gen GH dari Kambing Saanen dan Peranakan Etawah (PE)
Abstrak: Hormon Pertumbuhan (Growth Hormone/GH) merupakan hormon yang disekresikan oleh kelenjar hipofisis serta memainkan peranan penting dalam laktasi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kualitas susu segar (lemak, protein, BJ dan bahan kering), mempelajari karakteristik mentega dari kambing Saanen dan Peranakan Etawah (PE) serta menganalisis pengaruh keragaman gen GH terhadap kualitas susu. Evaluasi DNA dari 89 kambing (Saanen dan PE) menggunakan metoda Single-strand Conformation Polimorphysm (SSCP) untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme pada gen hormon pertumbuhan kambing (gGH). Amplifikasi gen GH exon 4 pada kambing perah (Saanen dan PE) menghasilkan ruas DNA sepanjang 200 bp. Berdasarkan hasil SSCP pada gen GH mendapatkan lima pita DNA yang menunjukkan pola migrasi yang berbeda, disebut tipe gen CE, BC, CD, BB dan CC. Gen CD hanya dijumpai pada bangsa kambing Saanen sedangkan tipe gen CC hanya terdapat pada kambing PE. Keragaman genotipe ini tidak berpengaruh terhadap kualitas susu kedua bangsa kambing Saanen dan PE. Keragaman genotipe gen GH juga tidak berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik mentega susu kambing Saanen.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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