Judul: Optimasi Kinerja Mesin Bensin Berbahan Bakar Campuran Bensin Metanol Dengan Pengaturan Ignition Timing Dan Injection Duration
Abstrak: Metanol adalah salah satu bahan bakar alternatif yang dapat diproduksi dari sumber energi terbarukan. Metanol dapat digunakan sebagai campuran untuk bahan bakar bensin, dan memiliki keunggulan yaitu nilai oktan yang tinggi dan menghasilkan pembakaran yang lebih bersih. Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pengujian kinerja mesin bensin menggunakan bahan bakar campuran bensin RON 90 dengan metanol, dengan persentase metanol sebesar 5% dan 10% (M5 dan M10). Optimasi kinerja mesin dilakukan dengan mengatur ignition timing dan injection duration pada mesin. Pengujian dilakukan menggunakan mesin bensin 4 langkah dengan kapasitas 150 cc, yang telah terpasang engine control unit. Uji kinerja dilakukan pada dinamometer mesin dan uji emisi menggunakan emission analyzer. Berdasarkan hasil pengujian dan analisis data, pengaturan mesin yang optimal yaitu pada penggunaan bahan bakar M5 dengan ignition timing 24 °bTDC dan injection duration +10%. Pada pengaturan tersebut terjadi kenaikan daya sebesar 0,59%, kenaikan torsi sebesar 13%, dan penurunan konsumsi bahan bakar spesifik sebesar 7,3%. Pada pengaturan mesin tersebut juga kadar karbon monoksida dalam emisi gas buang mengalami penurunan, sementara kadar hidrokarbon mengalami peningkatan., Methanol is an alternative fuel that can be produced from renewable energy sources. Methanol can be used as a mixture for gasoline fuel, and has the advantage of a high octane value and results in cleaner combustion. This research has tested the performance of a gasoline engine using a mixture of gasoline RON 90 and methanol, with a methanol percentage of 5% and 10% (M5 and M10). The engine performance optimization is done by adjusting the ignition timing and injection duration on the engine. The test was carried out using a 4 stroke gasoline engine with a capacity of 150 cc, which had an engine control unit installed. The performance test is carried out on the engine dynamometer and the emission test using an emission analyzer. Based on the test results and data analysis, the optimal engine setting is the use of M5 fuel with an ignition timing of 24 °bTDC and injection duration + 10%. In this setting there is an increase in power by 0.59%, an increase in torque by 13%, and a decrease in specific fuel consumption by 7.3%. Also in that engine setting, the carbon monoxide level in the exhaust emission decreases, while there was an increase in hydrocarbon level.
Keyword: bensin, ignition timing, injection duration, mesin bensin, metanol

Judul: Penerapan Bahan Bakar Biogas pada Motor Bensin dengan Modifikasi Karburator dan Variasi Rasio Kompresi
Abstrak: Biogas is one of the gaseous bio-energy can be applied into gasoline motors with some modification of components. The objectives of this research are applying the biogas fuel in gasoline engine with carburetor modification, measuring and getting value of maximum power and maximum torque and minimum value of the specific fuel consumption of each variation of compression ratio. The results of research were the biogas fuel on gasoline motors could be implemented directly, carburetor modifications changed the ratio of air and fuel ratio of 14.7: 1 (gasoline) to 5.7:1 (biogas) as of gasoline engine could be operated with engine speed over 1500 rpm up to 4500 rpm in a stable condition. The maximal power values for each compression ratio were 0.827 kW at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 0.953 kW (CR 8.3), 0.838 kW (CR 9.0) and 0.764 kW (CR 10.0). Maximum torque values were 3.071 N.m at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 4.274 N.m (CR 8.3), 3.598 N.m (CR 9.0), and 4.074 N.m (CR 10.0). The results of lowest value of specific fuel consumption were 4.29 m3/kWh at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 2:13 m3/kWh (CR 8.3), 1.84 m3/kWh (CR 9.0), and 2.92 m3/kWh (CR 10.0). The optimal of compression ratio was 8.3.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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