Judul: In vitro analysis of biphasic calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite as bone implants
Abstrak: The minimum requirement of synthetic biomaterial is must be biocompatible. Biocompatibility means that material is nontoxic and able to interact with the host cells. The analysis of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect toxicity. Interaction between cells and bone implants were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Previously, hydroxyapatite is well known as biocompatible implantable materials. But, the dense hydroxyapatite is almost non-resorbable when used as bone implant. In the other hand, the porous β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) displays affinity for high speed biological degradation. TCP was later identified as Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP).
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Judul: Characterization of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate with Ratio of 70/30 Before and After Implanted into Sheep’s Bone
Abstrak: Nowadays, biphasic calcium phosphate is used for biomaterial to cure bone damage. This study focuses only on mixing ratio of 70% mass of hydroxyapatite and 30% mass of tricalcium phosphate with chitosan and acetic acid as the hardening. Pure HA had done by wet precipitation in sintering process at temperature of 900 oC while β-TCP is at temperature of 1000 oC. Mechanical method of BCP is proven to be a non toxic material and could absorb by the mineral body. Implanted BCP was characterized with XRD, FTIR, SEM-EDS and bone characterization with Vickers Hardness. In XRD analysis, the result is adding chitosan makes BCP less accuracy of pure HA and β-TCP. FTIR shows composition of BCP sample with HA, TCP, H2O, AKB, and N-H bending. SEMEDS releases ratio Ca/P of implant in post operation has irregularity caused by interaction with bone that supported by Vickers Hardness number. HV for 1 month of post operation have larger number for both implanted and control bone.
Keyword: β-TCP, HA, BCP

Judul: Kontribusi pariwisata bahari pantai Pangandaran terhadap kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan keluarga nelayan jaring sirang Desa Pangandaran, Kecamatan Pangandaran, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Sumberdaya alam pesisir dapat dimanfaatkan untuk kegiatan usaha diantaranya yaitu sektor perikanan tangkap dan sektor pariwisata. Kawasan Pantai Pangandaran memiliki potensi untuk dilakukannya kegiatan usaha tersebut. Kegiatan sektor perikanan tangkap dan sektor pariwisata di Desa Pangandaran dapat dirasakan oleh keluarga nelayan pemilik jaring sirang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah kesempatan kerja sektor pariwisata yang dimasuki oleh keluarga nelayan pemilik jaring sirang, melihat curahan waktu kerja keluarga nelayan pemilik jaring sirang untuk kegiatan usaha dan untuk mengetahui kontribusi kegiatan usaha sektor pariwisata terhadap pendapatan keluarga nelayan pemilik jaring sirang. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa jenis usaha yang dimasuki oleh keluarga responden terdiri dari: penyewaan perahu, penyewaan pondokan, pedagang ikan asin, pelayan warung makan, dan penjual makanan. Curahan waktu kerja rata-rata untuk sektor perikanan sebesar 40 jam per minggu dan sektor pariwisata sebesar 35,67 jam per minggu yang sebagian besar banyak dilakukan oleh kepala keluarga. Kontribusi sektor pariwisata sebesar 9,25% terhadap pendapatan keluarga. Kegiatan usaha sektor pariwisata belum dioptimalkan, sehingga setiap anggota keluarga diharapkan berperan aktif dalam kegiatan usaha untuk meningkatkan pendapatan keluarga.
Keyword: pariwisata