Judul: Pengelolaan hutan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana untuk mendapatkan kepastian tenurial (Kasus di areal hutan produksi terbatas, KPHP Unit XVI, Kab. Tanjung Jabung Barat, Propinsi Jambi)
Abstrak: This research focuses on the impact of property rights insecurity that drives to tenure insecurity as well on deforestation and forest degradation in limited production forest (HPT) as part of KPHP Unit XVI at Tanjung Jabung Barat district, Jambi Province. Deforestation is considered as a risk management strategy: property rights insecurity reduces the present value of forest and foster forest conversion into agricultural lands in this case converted into oil palm and rubber plantation. Moreover, deforestation is the consequences of strategic interactions between local community (who has claim over land and forest) with migrant community (which is hungry for land to gain capital increment). This strategic interaction drove to the formulation of informal land market institution that significantly contributed to the deforestation over the study site area. The current situation of forest land encroachment was the result of the lack of forest governance at the site level. The research was trying to get a better understanding on how informal land market institution had been formulated and how this institution had contribute to the deforestation within the frame of legal pluralism and property rights theory.
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Judul: Penataan Tenurial Kawasan Hutan Pada Pembangunan Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (Kasus Pada KPHP Model Gunung Sinopa Provinsi Maluku Utara )
Abstrak: Forest Management Unit (FMU) area are commonly located in areas without any license within, tend to be open access and potentially raise conflict. In order to execute FMU development smoothly, the tenurial arrangement needs to be conducted through phases as follow: identify conflicts potential, map the bundle of rigths, assess stakeholders' perceptions of tenure security, and define typology of social problems related to tenure. These phases are analysed by utilizing Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA), bundle of rights analysis, stakeholder’s perception analysis, and social problems typology analysis. RaTA results identify stakeholders who will be potentially raise conflict, namely: UPTD KPHP Gunung Sinopa (UPTD KPHP GS), Local Government, Local Communities, and Transmigration. Potential of stakeholder claims are resulting from differences in claim basis i.e.: the status of power system, the status of governance and status of licensing procedures where the policy underlying the basis of claim are differentiate. The result derived from bundle of rights analysis has placed local government and local community as the owner, UPTD KPHP GS as Proprietor and Transmigration as authorized entrant. In perception related to tenure security: UPTD KPHP GS should have delineation but it is not implemented yet, Local government; plantation boundaries are clear and recognized by all parties and supervised by foremen. Local communities ensure tenure security by coconut trees and limit their claim using twin coconut, whereas transmigrations use the certificate for land certainty. Conclusion: There is conflict potential of stakeholders within the region of KPHP GS which is of web of intersecting interests, reinforced by the position of Local Government and local communities as owner and UPTD KPHP GS merely as proprietor related to the bundle of rights over land claims in KPHP GS area, so that the typology of social problems identified within the KPH areas is severe tenurial conflict.
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Judul: Influenza Specific Immunoglobulin Y Purification from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Precipitation Method
Abstrak: Imunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) yang terdapat dalam kuning telur telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk imunoterapi dan imunodiagnostik. Salah satu kendala dalam pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur adalah pemisahan Ig dengan lemak, sehingga teknik pemurnian Ig selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan menggunakan sodium chloride (NaCl) serta melakukan karakterisasi IgY spesifik influenza. Sodium chloride dipilih karena bahan kimia ini relatif murah, ramah lingkungan, dan tidak merusak imunoaktivitas IgY. Kuning telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Flubio® yang berisi virus Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 dan B/Washington. Pemurnian IgY hanya dilakukan pada kuning telur yang mengandung antibodi spesifik influenza. Deteksi keberadaan antibodi spesifik influenza ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP) dan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Konsentrasi IgY hasil pemurnian dihitung dengan spektrofotometer dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Konsentrasi protein dari hasil pemurnian IgY memiliki nilai rata – rata 50,403 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan enam pita protein, yaitu struktur IgY utuh (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), rantai berat IgY (66,54 kDa), Fab ( 47,65 kDa), rantai ringan IgY (21,85 kDa), dan β-livetin (36,74 kDa). IgY hasil pemurnian masih dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza berdasarkan uji ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian IgY menggunakan metode pengendapan NaCl dapat memurnikan IgY dengan struktur utuh, meskipun masih ada dua protein tidak spesifik hasil pemurnian. IgY yang dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza mengindikasikan prospek pemanfaatannya untuk pencegahan influenza dan imunodiagnostik., Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) contained in egg yolk has been widely used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. One of the obstacles in IgY purification from egg yolk is separating Ig from fat, so that IgY purification techniques are always developing. This study aimed to purify IgY from egg yolk using sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method and to characterize influenza-specific IgY. Sodium chloride was chosen because this chemical is relatively unexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not impair IgY immunoactivity. The egg yolks used in this study were collected from layer eggs vaccinated with the Flubio® influenza vaccine, which contains the Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B/Washington viruses. IgY purification was only carried out on egg yolks containing influenza specific antibodies. The presence of influenza-specific antibodies was determined by the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The purified IgY concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, and protein characterization was performed using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Protein concentration from purification has a mean value of 50,403 mg/mL . SDS-PAGE result showed six protein bands, namely intact IgY structure (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), IgY heavy chain (66,54 kDa), Fab (47,65 kDa), IgY light chain (21,85 kDa), and β-livetin (36,74 kDa). The purified IgY still able to bind with influenza antigen based on the ELISA test. The results of this study indicate that purification of IgY using the NaCl precipitation method can purify IgY with intact structure, although there are still two unspecific proteins in the purification results. The resulting IgY can bind to influenza antigens indicating the
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, influenza, egg yolk, purification, sodium chloride