Judul: Analysis of water availability, sedimentation, and organic carbon using SWAT model in the upper jeneberang watershed, South Sulawesi
Abstrak: Management of upstream watersheds is a key to get a sustainable availability of water. Moreover, failure in land managing will cause erosion which increase sedimentation in water bodies. Because of soil erosion the remnants of decaying plants on topsoil also were eroded. This case will cause carbon losses in the eroded land, which flowed into the water. Growth of population which have a tendence to increase with the time, caused increasing demand of land included in the upstream of watershed. Increased demand for land is directly proportional to the land use change and will affect watershed hydrologic condition. In the rainy season the water are not well absorbed by the land and resulted water runoff that are not utilized and caused environmental damage such as erosion and sedimentation. Sedimentation will affect the lifetime of water storage structures such as dams. With the growing volume of sediment, reservoir load will be heavier and reservoir capacity will decreased. Land use change influenced hydrological processes and also concentration of organic carbon. Objectives of the study were 1) to identify parameter-parameter of SWAT model for analyzing discharge and sediment, 2) to analyze fluctuation of discharge, sediment, and organic carbon content in sediment, and 3) to study impact of soil conservation technology applied into model. The SWAT model was applied to evaluate catchment hydrology and sediment and associated organic carbon yield using historical flow and meteorological data in the upstream of Jeneberang watershed. Sediment retrieval is done using a simple tool Experimental Sediment Trap (EST). Organic carbon content was analyzed from trapped sediment using Walkley-Black metod. The spatially distributed data (GIS input) needed for ArcSWAT interface include the Digital Elevation Map (DEM), soil data and landuse data. Meteorological data and river discharge were also used for prediction of streamflow and calibration purposes. In this study, Digital elevation map (DEM) with a resolution of 30 m × 30 m was received from ASTERGDEM. Meteorological data included daily precipitation from two rainfall stations were obtained from BPDAS Jeneberang. Soil texture, available water content, hydraulic conductivity, bulk density and organic carbon content for different layers of each soil type were obtained mainly from soil map (BPDAS Pompengan-Walane) with the scale of 1:300000 and UNESCO/FAO soil database. Landuse data was obtained from BPDAS Pompengan-Jeneberang and Soil Testing Laboratory. The upstream of Jeneberang watershed, located in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, is hilly agricultural area of 236 km2 with dominant rice field (30%), forest (25%), moor (23%), and coppice (21%). The downstream, approximately 9 km, is Bili-Bili multipurpose dam and reservoir. Type of soil is dominated by Eutric Cambisols (55%), Dystric Nitosols (29%), Humic Andosol (16%). Slope range dominant is greater than 30%. The climatic conditions are monsoonal with v annual precipitation of 2500-4800 mm/years. The dry period runs from July to September (precipitation < 60 mm/day) and the wet period from October to June (precipitation > 100 mm/day). The calibration was carried out daily using flow data from January to December 2001. Calibration process was done by adjusting 26 parameters using Algoritma SUFI2 and had identified 19 sensitives parameters. Simulated daily discharge matched
Keyword: discharge, Jeneberang Watershed, organic carbon, sediment, SWAT model

Judul: Analysis of River Discharge by MWSWAT Model on Several Landuse at Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java.
Abstrak: Observation was conducted at Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java Province in area of 12.000 km2 The highest of landuse change was 1994 to 2005, where the forest had been change to other landuse. The result of calibrated SWAT model showed that the model was quite accurate to predict surface flow at Upper Citarum Watershed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency value of 0.714 and R. The purpose of this study were (1) to identify rate of landuse changes at Upper Citarum Watershed (2) to analyze river discharge by SWAT Model (3) to calibrate SWAT model with landuse 2001 (4) to validate parameters model with landuse of 1994, 1997 and 2005 (5) to analyze river discharge of calibrated SWAT model with land use of 1994, 1997 and 2001. 2 The analysis by calibrated SWAT model was done based on rainfall data in 2005 for landuse 1994, 1997 and 2001. The analysis result on landuse 1994 showed that surface flow was 112.5 mm and discharge rate was 76.7 m = 0.715. The calibration process was done by adjusting thirteen very sensitive parameters : Surlag ,MSK_Col1, MSK_Col2, MSK_X (.BSN), alpha BF, Shallst, GWQMIN, REVAPMN, GW DELAY (QW File), CHK2 (RTE File), CHNI (SUB File), EPCO (HRU File) and CN2 (.MGT File) . 3/s.The highest surface flow of 126.6 mm with discharge rate of 77.4 m3/s were obtained from analysis by calibrated SWAT model, landuse 1997 and rainfall in 2005. From analysis by calibrated SWAT model , landuse 2001 and rainfall in 2005 were obtained surface flow of 107.5 mm and discharge rate of 76.8 m3 /s
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Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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