Judul: Ichthyoacanthotoxins pada Beberapa Jenis Catfish: Clarias gariepinus (Clariidae), Pangasius hypophthalmus (Pangasidae), Plotosus canius (Plotosidae)
Abstrak: Ichthyoacanthotoxins are toxins released through the pectoral fins (horn) by venomous fish. Order Siluroidea like CLARIAS GARIEPINUS, PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS, and PLOTOSUS CANIUS generally have pectoral fins as a defense mechanism. The research was conducted from February 2014 through September 2014 to determine anatomical structure of the venom gland and the chemical composition (acanthotoxins) present in the pectoral and dorsal spine. The results of histological analysis showed that the anatomical structure pectoral and dorsal spine consists of pieces of muscle, adipose layer, blood vessels, and there is a venom gland at CLARIAS GARIEPINUS with a long shaft, which is 1612.48 μm. The results showed that the proximate analysis, protein content of PLOTOSUS CANIUS is higher than the protein content of CLARIAS GARIEPINUS and PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS, while the fat content of CLARIAS GARIEPINUS higher than the fat content of PANGASIUS HYPOPHTHALMUS and PLOTOSUS CANIUS.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), stinger proximate analysis, histology of the venom gland catfish, Catfish

Judul: Evaluation of Acute and Sub Acute Toxicity λ-cyhalothrin to Striped Catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus
Abstrak: λ-cyhalothrin adalah racun yang dapat mempengaruhi sistem saraf dan menyebabkan kelumpuhan hingga kematian pada organisme non-target. Insektisida ini sangat toksik bagi organisme akuatik dan berpotensi mengganggu keseimbangan ekosistem perairan dan dapat mempengaruhi metabolisme maupun fisiologi biota budidaya. Salah satu biota budidaya yang berpeluang terkontaminasi adalah ikan patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Efek yang disebabkan oleh Lambda cyhalothrin dapat bersifat akut dan sub akut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai LC50-96 jam akibat insektisida lambda cyhalothrin dan efek sub akut terhadap organ tubuh ikan patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan agustus – September 2021. Ikan patin diperoleh dari pembudidaya di sekitar Bogor dengan bobot 8,59 ± 0,47 g dan Panjang 7,52 ± 0,83 cm. bahan toksik yang digunakan adalah insektisida λ-cyhalothrin, ikan dipelihara pada akuarium berukuran 30x30x30 cm3 yang diisi air sebanyak 20 liter. Penelitian dibagi menjadi tiga tahap yaitu uji nilai kisaran, uji toksisitas akut (LC50-96 jam) dan uji sub akut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LC50-96 jam λ-cyhalothrin pada ikan patin Pangasianodon hypophthalmus sebesar 5,2 µgL-1. Perlakuan 2,6 µgL-1 pada uji sub akut mengalami pertumbuhan lambat 0,688% yang memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kontrol, nilai glukosa 148,16 mgdL-1 yang memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kontrol dan menyebabkan kerusakan pada organ insang (hyperplasia, kongesti, fusi, nekrosis, cloudy swelling dan inflamasi), usus (hyperplasia, proliferasi, nekrosis, inflamasi dan clowdy swelling) dan hati (hyperplasia, vakuolisasi, nekrosis, inflamasi dan cloudy swelling), λ-cyhalothrin is a poison that can affect the nervous system and cause paralysis to death in non-target organism. This insecticide is very toxic to aquatic organisms and has to be potential to distrupt the balance of metabolism and physiology of aquaculture fish. Striped catfish is one of the aquaculture fish species that would be containated with λ-cyhalothrin. Effect of λ-cyhalothrin on aquatic organism can be acute or sub-acute. This study aims to determine the 96h-LC50 value due to the insectiside λ-cyhalothrin and sub-acute effects on the organs of the striped catfish Pangasianodon hypopthalmus. The research conducted in August - September 2021. The striped catfish was obtained from farmers around Bogor with 8.59 ± 0.47 g of weight and 7.52 ± 0.83 cm of leght. Toxicant materials used was insecticide λ-cyhalothrin, fish were reared in each aquarium 30x30x30 cm3 contained by 20 liters of water. This study was divided into three stages i.e. range value test, acute toxicity test (96h-LC50) and sub acute test. The result showed that 96h-LC50 of λ-cyhalothrin on striped catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus was 5.2 µgL-1. The treatment of 2.6 µgL-1 in the sub-acute test experienced slow growth 0.688% with significant effect (P<0.05), high glucose values 148.16 mgdL-1 with significant effect (P<0.05), and caused damaged to gill (hyperplasia, kongesti, fusion, necrosis, cloudy swelling dan inflamation), intestine (hyperplatia, proliferation, necrosis, inflamation dan clowdy swelling) and liver (hyperplasia, Vacuolisation, necrosis, inflamation dan cloudy swelling)
Keyword: Histologi, λ-cyhalothrin, pertumbuhan, Glukosa

Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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