Judul: Mutu kimia, organoleptik dan mikrobiologi beberapa merek sosis sapi komersial di Bogor
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi mutu sosis yang ada di Bogor berdasarkan standar USDA. Sosis yang diteliti adalah sosis buatan dalam negeri. Sosis ini juga dibandingkan dengan produk luar negeri dari segi mutu kimia, mikrobiologi dan organoleptik Dengan demikian penelitian ini akan memberikan data dasar kepada produsen dan konsumen yang dapat digunakan untuk berbagai kepen- tingan. Penelitian ini diawali dengan mengadakan survei pasar di beberapa supermarket di Kotamadya Bogor. Tujuannya adalah untuk mengetahui berbagai variasi harga dan jumlah merek serta jenis sosis yang ada di pasaran. Secara umum harga sosis dapat dikelompokkan menjadi tiga yaitu kelom- pok harga murah (< Rp 11 000/kg), kelompok harga sedang (Rp 11 000-15 000/kg) dan kelompok harga mahal (> Rp 15 000/kg). Sosis murah diwakili oleh sosis merek Pasir kaliki (Pk), Greatwall (Gw), Pronas (Pr) dan Finna (Fn). Sosis dengan harga sedang diwakili oleh sosis Villa (V1) Badranaya (Bd), Farmhouse frankfurter (Ff), Farmhouse sosis sapi (Fs) dan Sopini (Sp) Sedangkan sosis mahal yang juga merupakan produk sosis luar negeri diwakili Eproduk sosis Gourmet (Gm) dan Danish Best (Db)....
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Judul: Standarisasi mutu bakso sapi berdasarkan kesukaan konsumen : Studi kasus bakso di wilayah DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Bakso merupakan produk olahan daging yang sangat populer di Indonesia. Salah satu jenis bakso yang paling banyak dikonsumsi adalah bakso sapi. Selama ini belum ada standar mutu bakso sapi yang mewakili selera konsumen, namun sekaligus dapat dimengerti dan digunakan oleh para produsen bakso. Oleh sebab itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk a) memperoleh gambaran selera konsumen bakso sapi, b) karakterisasi mutu bakso sapi menurut selera konsumen, c) penvetaraan mutu subyektif ke mutu obyektif melalui analisa sifat fisik dan kimia bakso sapi dan di penyusunan parameter penting standar mutu bakso sapi. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahap, yaitu survei konsumen, pengujian organoleptik serta analisa sifat fisik dan kimia bakso sapi yang disukai konsumen. Survei konsumen dilakukan di wilayah DKI Jakarta terhadap 200 orang responden yang dipilih berdasarkan metode Non Probability Sampling yaitu jenis Purpossive Sampling Pengujian organoleptik menggunakan metode uji Hedonik terhadap sepuluh contoh bakso dari wilayah DKI Jakarta dengan jumlah panelis sebanyak 80 orang Sifat fisik dan kimia bakso sapi vang dianalisa meliputi kadar air, kadar abu. kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar garam, kekerasan, kekenyalan dan warna obyektif. ..
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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