Judul: The Influence of Gender Roles and Economic Pressure on  the Marital Quality of Daily Workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Corona Virus atau Covid-19 sudah menyebar dan menjadi wabah pandemi di seluruh belahan dunia, untuk menangani melonjaknya kasus pandemi Covid-19 pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB). Kebijakan PSBB yang diterapkan mengakibatkan tekanan ekonomi pada keluarga pekerja harian dan pedagang kecil. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pembagian peran gender yang adil agar dapat membantu peningkatan kondisi ekonomi keluarga. Peran gender dan ekonomi yang baik dapat meningkatkan kualitas perkawinan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh peran gender dan tekanan ekonomi terhadap kualitas perkawinan keluarga pekerja harian di masa pandemi Covid-19. Responden dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 70 orang pekerja harian yang berada di Kabupaten Bogor dipilih secara Voluntary Sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara pendapatan per kapita dan peran gender terhadap kualitas perkawinan, dan terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara tekanan ekonomi dan kualitas perkawinan. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan pendapatan per kapita dan peran gender berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kualitas perkawinan, dan tekanan ekonomi berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap kualitas perkawinan., The Corona Virus or Covid-19 has spread and has become a pandemic outbreak in all parts of the world. To deal with the soaring cases of the Covid-19 pandemic, the Indonesian government implemented Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB). The PSBB policy that was implemented resulted in economic pressure on the families of daily workers and small traders. Therefore, a fair division of gender roles is needed in order to help improve the economic condition of the family. Good gender and economic roles can improve the quality of marriage. This study aims to analyze the effect of gender roles and economic pressure on the quality of daily worker family marriages during the Covid-19 pandemic. The respondents in this study amounted to 70 daily workers in Bogor Regency selected by Voluntary Sampling. The results showed that there was a significant positive relationship between income per capita and gender roles on the quality of marriage, and there was a significant negative relationship between economic pressure and the quality of marriage. The results of the regression test show that income per capita and gender roles have a significant positive effect on the quality of marriage, and economic pressure has a significant negative effect on the quality of marriage.
Keyword: Covid-19, economic pressure, gender role, quality of marriage

Judul: The Influence of Economic Pressure and Gender Role to Family Resilience During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Adanya Covid-19 merubah tatanan kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat. Keluarga harus mampu menjalankan peran gender dan mempertahankan ketahanan keluarga. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga, tekanan ekonomi, dan peran gender terhadap ketahanan keluarga selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Responden pada penelitian ini adalah istri dari keluarga utuh yang memiliki anak yang tersebar di Kabupaten Bogor. Teknik penarikan contoh menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan jumlah contoh sebanyak 84 orang. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner online menggunakan google form. Data diolah menggunakan uji deskriptif dan uji regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menemukan sebagian besar tekanan ekonomi keluarga berada pada kategori rendah. Sebagian variabel peran gender berada pada kategori rendah. Namun, sebagian besar ketahanan keluarga berada pada kategori tinggi. Uji hubungan karakteristik responden menunjukkan terdapat hubungan signifikan negatif antara umur suami, lama menikah, tekanan ekonomi subjektif, dan tekanan ekonomi total dengan ketahanan keluarga. Selain itu, pendidikan suami-istri, pendapatan suami, kemitraan gender dan peran gender berhubungan signifikan positif dengan ketahanan keluarga. Hasil analisis uji regresi linier berganda menunjukkan terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan negatif antara tekanan ekonomi dengan ketahanan keluarga dan pengaruh signifikan positif pada peran gender dan pendapatan suami. Hal ini berarti semakin rendah tekanan ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh keluarga maka semakin tinggi ketahanan keluarga yang dimiliki dan semakin tinggi peran gender serta pendapatan suami maka ketahanan keluarga akan semakin baik., The existence of Covid-19 has changed the social and economic life of society. Families must be able to carry out gender roles and maintain family resilience. This study aims to analyze the effect of family characteristics, economic pressure, and gender roles on family resilience during the Covid-19 pandemic. Respondents in this study were wives from intact families with children scattered in Bogor Regency. The sampling technique used purposive sampling method with the number of samples as many as 84 people. Data was collected through an online questionnaire using a google form. The data were processed using descriptive tests and multiple linear regression tests. The results of the study found that most of the family's economic pressure was in the low category. Some of the gender role variables are in the low category. However, most of the family resilience is in the high category. The relationship test of respondents' characteristics showed that there was a significant negative relationship between husband's age, length of marriage, subjective economic pressure, and total economic pressure with family resilience. In addition, husband and wife's education, husband's income, gender partnership and gender roles are significantly positively related to family resilience. The results of multiple linear regression analysis showed that there was a significant negative effect between economic pressure and family resilience and a significant positive effect on gender roles and husband's income. This means that the lower the economic pressure faced by the family, the higher the family's resilience and the higher the gender role and husband's income, the better the family's resilience.
Keyword: economic pressures, family characteristics, family resilience, gender role

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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