Judul: Evaluation of Noni Leaf Shoot Meal (Morinda citrifolia) in Diet on the Digestive Tract, Internal Organs, and Histopathology of the Jejunal Quail
Abstrak: Produktivitas puyuh dipengaruhi oleh kesehatan saluran pencernaan yang dapat ditingkatkan dengan tepung pucuk daun mengkudu (TPDM) yang tinggi antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kesehatan saluran pencernaan, organ dalam, dan histopatologi jejunum puyuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan 300 ekor puyuh berumur 4 minggu sampai 14 minggu. Rancangan acak lengkap digunakan dalam penelitian dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yang terdiri atas P0 (ransum kontrol), P1 (ransum mengandung 2% TPDM), P2 (ransum mengandung 4% TPDM), P3 (ransum mengandung 6% TPDM), dan P4 (ransum mengandung 8% TPDM). Peubah yang diamati adalah ukuran saluran pencernaan dan organ dalam, serta histopatologi jejunum puyuh. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan diuji lanjut Duncan apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 8% TPDM nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan bobot kolon, (P<0,01) histopatologi jejujum. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian TPDM dalam ransum hingga 8% tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap saluran pencernaan, organ dalam, dan histopatologi jejunum puyuh. Perlakuan 8% TPDM dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan kesehatan usus halus yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya luas permukaan vili dengan rasio tinggi vili dan kedalaman kripta paling baik., Quail productivity is determined by digestive tract health that can improves by feeding noni leaf shoot meal (NLSM) contain antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate the feeding of NLSM on the digestive tract health, internal organs, and histopathology of jejunal quails. This study used 300 quails of 4 weeks to 14 weeks of age. Completely randomized design was used with 5 treatments and 4 replicants were P0 (control diet), P1 (diet contain 2% NLSM), P2 (diet contain 4% NLSM), P3 (diet contain 6% NLSM), and P4 (diet contain 8% NLSM). The variables observed were digestive tract, internal organs, and histopathology of jejunal quails. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested by Duncan if there was significant different. The result showed that feeding 8% NLSM significantly (P<0.05) increased colon weight and (P<0.01) villous indicators. The conclusion of this study that feeding NLSM up to 8% did not affect negative on the digestive and internal organs and also can improves the surface area with the best ratio of villous height to crypt depth.
Keyword: digestive tract, histopathology, internal organs, noni leaf shoot meal, quail

Judul: Evaluation of the Use of Noni Leaf (Morinda citrifolia) Shoot Flour in the Diets on the Physical Quality of Quail Eggs
Abstrak: Kualitas fisik telur puyuh dapat ditingkatkan dengan menambahkan bahan pakan alternatif pada pakan contohnya seperti daun mengkudu. Daun mengkudu memiliki kandungan protein kasar dan β-karoten yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pemberian tepung pucuk daun mengkudu (TPDM) dalam ransum terhadap kualitas fisik telur puyuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan, setiap ulangan menggunakan 15 ekor puyuh berumur 6 minggu. Ransum yang diberikan yaitu P0= Ransum kontrol (tanpa TPDM), P1= ransum mengandung 2% TPDM, P2= ransum mengandung 4% TPDM, P3= ransum mengandung 6% TPDM, P4 = ransum mengandung 8% TPDM. Peubah yang diamati yaitu bobot telur, indeks telur, persentase bobot komponen telur, warna kuning, tebal kerabang, dan haugh unit. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian tepung pucuk daun mengkudu dalam ransum berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap persentase bobot kuning telur, skor warna kuning, dan ketebalan kerabang telur. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan tepung pucuk daun mengkudu mulai 2% (P1) dalam ransum efektif meningkatkan warna kuning telur namun mulai level 4% (P2) terjadi penurunan ketebalan kerabang., The physical quality of quail eggs can be improved by adding alternative feed ingredients to the feed, for example noni leaves. Noni leaves contain high levels of crude protein and β-carotene. This research aims to evaluate the provision of noni leaf shoot flour (TPDM) in diets on the physical quality of quail eggs. This study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 4 replications, each replication using 15 quail aged 6 weeks. The rations given were P0= Control ration (without % TPDM), P1= diet containing 2% TPDM, P2= diet containing 4% TPDM, P3= diet containing 6% TPDM, P4= diet containing 8% TPDM. The variables observed were egg weight, egg index, egg component weight percentage, yellow color, shell thickness, and haugh unit. Data were analyzed using ANOVA. The results of the research showed that giving noni leaf shoot flour in the diets significant effect (P<0.05) on the percentage of egg yolk, yellow color score, and the thickness of the eggshell. This research concludes that the use of noni leaf shoot flour starting at 2% (P1) in the diets is effective in increasing egg y
Keyword: noni leaf shoot flour, quail, physical quality of eggs, noni leaf

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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