Judul: he development of mycorrhizal research in the last 10 yeras in Indonesia
Abstrak: Mikoriza merupakan suatu hubungan symbiosis mutualisme anatara akar tanaman dengan fungi. Tujuan penelitian dilakukan untuk mengetahui perkembangan penelitian mikoriza pada periode 1980 hingga 2020 dan mengetahui fokus utama peneliti pada penelitian mikoriza pada 10 tahun terakhir. Data dikumpulkan dari situs portal garuda dan situs lainnya di internet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek terbanyak yang diteliti berasal dari kelompok Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula dengan kategori dominan peningkatan pertumbuhan dan jenis komoditas terbanyak pertanian., Mycorrhiza is a symbiotic mutualism between the plantroots with fungi. The research aims to describe the development of mychorrizal research during periode of 1980 to 2020 and to know more specific interest of mycorrhizae research in Indonesia within last 10 years. Data were collected from portal Garuda situs and other situs in internet. The results show that the most interest aspects studied were Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi with emphasies on increasing growth and commodity types mostly agriculture.
Keyword: mikoriza, perkembangan penelitian, simbiosis mutualisme, mychorriza, research developments, symbiosis of mutualism

Judul: Growth of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Bacterial Populations in the Trembesi’s Mycorrhizosphere (Samanea saman (Jacq.) Merrill)
Abstrak: Mikorhizosfer merupakan wilayah di sekitar perakaran tumbuhan yang bermikoriza dan umumnya terdapat banyak mikroorganisme. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis jumlah spora Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA), populasi dan karakter morfologi bakteri pada mikorhizosfer semai trembesi yang tumbuh di media pascatambang dengan wadah pot organik. Bahan yang digunakan adalah benih trembesi, koran, tanah pascatambang, kompos (bokashi), cocopeat, dan rock phosphate. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri atas 3 faktor, yaitu FMA, komposisi pot organik, dan ukuran bahan pot. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan interaksi faktor inokulasi FMA dan komposisi pot berpengaruh nyata dengan selang kepercayaan 95% pada jumlah spora FMA, kolonisasi akar, dan populasi bakteri. Karakter koloni bakteri yang mendominasi ialah berwarna putih susu, berbentuk bulat, tepian licin/rata, dan elevasi cembung.
Keyword: colonization, correlation, morphology, organic pot

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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