Judul: Commercialization and privatization impact by PT. Amerta Indah Otsuka on water resources from islamic shariah perspective (case kutajaya village, Sukabumi)
Abstrak: Air adalah kebutuhan dasar manusia untuk memenuhi kebutuhan sehari-hari. Berdasarkan penjelasan berdasarkan Al-Quran, air digolongkan kepada harta yang haknya dimiliki oleh setiap umat karena urgensi kebutuhannya. Komoditas air memiliki manfaat, tetapi kepemilikannya kerap menimbulkan sengketa pemilik hak antara masyarakat dan instansi, seperti PT. Amerta Indah Otsuka sebagai perusahaan air minum dalam kemasan (AMDK) dari minuman isotonik Pocari Sweat yang menggunakan air sebagai bahan baku produksi. Air yang digunakan untuk produksi berasal dari Desa Kutajaya yang sumber air tanahnya juga dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat sekitar. Kondisi ini menimbulkan permasalahan hak kepemilikan air bersih bagi warga karena sumber air bersih diprivatisasi oleh perusahaan. Warga RT 07 RW 04 yang bersebelahan langsung dengan perusahaan mengalami kekeringan air dan kekeruhan air pada sebagian responden. Penelitian ini menganalisis persepsi responden sebelum dan sesudah adanya PT. Amerta Indah Otsuka di Desa Kutajaya, nilai Willingness To Pay dan Willingness To Accept beserta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi dan titik perpotongannya, dan solusi air bersih menggunakan analytical hierarchy process (AHP) serta pandangan maqashid syariah Islam ditinjau dari dua kondisi, yaitu bila maqashid syariah tidak ditegakan dan bila maqashid syariah ditegakan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan masyarakat menginginkan kompensasi atas hak air bersih yang hilang dengan aliran air bersih oleh PT. Amerta Indah Otsuka., Water is one of the basic human daily needs. Islam reviews on its urgency that water is categorized as a property that every human being has rights on its ownership. Water as a commodity has many benefits, however the ownership often leads to disputes between residents and the private agencies, such as bottled water company. PT. Amerta Indah Otsuka that is known for its isotonic drink, Pocari Sweat. The company uses water as one of the raw material of its production. The water used for the production is obtained from the village of Kutajaya as ground water that is also utilized by iii the surrounding residents. This condition raises ownership issues on water as a source of clean water that is privatized by the company. Resident of RT 07 RW 04 is located directly next to the water company drought water. This study analyzes the perceptions of the respondents on impacts before and after PT. Amerta Indah Otsuka started its production in Kutajaya. The willingness to pay (WTP) and willingness to accept (WTA) is also analyzed. And not to forget alternative solution by analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Islamic law is viewed by maqashid sharia. As result of the analysis, it is known that respondents desire compensation for the right of their clean water because of the lack of access to clean water from PT. Amerta Indah Otsuka. Therefore purchasing back clean water from the company (BELI) is one of the alernative solution.
Keyword: AHP, Air Bersih, Contingent Valuation Method (CVM), Maqashid Syariah

Judul: Willingness to Pay Analysis and Strategy for Fulfilling Community Needs for Clean Water in Setrorejo Village, Baturetno District, Wonogiri Regency
Abstrak: Desa Setrorejo merupakan salah satu desa di Kecamatan Baturetno yang masyarakatnya masih mengandalkan air tanah sebagai sumber air dalam kehidupan sehari-harinya. Desa Setrorejo yang wilayahnya merupakan kawasan karst dan perbukitan menyebabkan terdapat beberapa permasalahan dalam sumberdaya air. Permasalahan sumberdaya air yang terjadi yaitu kualitas air yang kurang baik dan penurunan kuantitas air saat musim kemarau. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi besarnya nilai Willingness to pay (WTP) masyarakat terhadap air bersih dan mengidentifikasi faktor-faktornya serta menganalisi strategi pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih untuk masyarakat. Metode pada penelitian ini adalah analisis willingness to pay menggunakan CVM, analisis regrsi logistik, dan Analitycal Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai WTP yang didapatkan sebesar Rp 4.478. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap keputusan membayar ialah nilai penawaran, pendapatan, dan kualitas air tanah. Alternatif strategi yang dapat dilakukan dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan air bersih yaitu pengembangan infrastruktur air yang dapat dilakukan melalui pengembangan ditribusi jaringan PDAM. Nilai WTP yang didapatkan lebih besar dari nilai penawaran terendah yang berupa tarif PDAM dengan pemakaian air sampai 10m3 menggambarkan masyarakat bersedia melakukan perbaikan kualitas lingkungan dengan pendekatan pemasangan jaringan PDAM., Setrorejo village is one of the villages in Baturetno District where the people relies on groundwater as a source of water in their daily lives. Setrorejo village whose territory is a karst and hilly area causes several problems in water resources. Water resource problems that occur are deficient water quality and decrease water quantity during the dry season. The aims are to estimate the value of Willingness to Pay towards a clean water and indentify the factors and analyze the strategy for fulfillment the needs of clean water for the people. Methods that used in this research are willingness to pay using CVM, logistic regression analysis, and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The results in this research show that the obtained WTP value was IDR 4.475. The factors that have an significant influence are bid value, income, and groundwater quality. An alternatif strategy that can be done to fulfillment the need for clean water is the development of water infrastructure which can be done by developing the distribution of PDAM. The obtained WTP value is bigger that the lower bid value in the form of a PDAM tariff with water usage up to 10m3 illustrates that the people is willing to improve environmental quality by PDAM installation approach.
Keyword: CVM, AHP, PDAM, Logistic regression

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship