Judul: Kajian Morfologi Proses Persembuhan Kerusakan Segmental Pada Tulang Domba Yang Diimplan Dengan Komposit Hidroksiapatit-Kitosan (HA-K)
Abstrak: This research was aimed to study the morphology of healing process on sheep’s bone implanted with hydroxyapatite-chitosan (HA-C) composite. This research would also present information about the potency of HA-C composite as synthetic bone graft biomaterial or bone implant. Three local sheeps were used in this study. HA-C composite was implanted on the medial of the left tibia bone while the same part of right tibia was treated as control without implant. All implant were harvested at 30, 60, and 90 days post-operation. The observation parameters were the condition, shape, and degradation degree of the implant, bonding between implant and host bone, new bone ingrowth into the implant, and signs of inflammation reaction around the implant. The result showed that the healing process on control bone was faster than those of the implanted bone. As far as 90 days observation in this present study was concerned, HA-C implant did not show characteristics for biodegradability, bioresorbability, osteoconductivity, and bioactivity. However, it showed biocompatibility properties for host body. It is suggested that the implant used in this study is more suitable to be developed as synthetic bone graft biomaterial for application on large defects with healing time longer than 90 days.
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Judul: Kajian Morfologi Penggunaan Bahan Biomaterial Hidroksiapatit: β-Trikalsium Fosfat pada Kerusakan Segmental Tulang Kelinci
Abstrak: This study was conducted to examine the healing process of rabbit’s bone implanted with mixture of hydroxyapatite-tricalcium phosphate (HA:β-TCP) with mixture ratio of 70:30 and 60:40. Six New Zealand white rabbits were used in this study. Hydroxyapatite β-tricalcium phospate implanted in the medial part of the right tibia using surgical procedures, while the same part of the left tibia served as controls without implants. The samples of tibia were taken on 30 days after implantation. Parameters observed were the shape, the degradation rate of the implant, the implant bonds with the bone, new bone growth into the implant, and the signs of inflammatory reaction around the implant. The results of this study showed that the healing process in control samples was faster than bone treated with implant. There was no macroscopically morphological difference observed between the bones implanted with mixture of 70:30 and those with 60:40. But, there was difference observed microscopically. Osteocytes was observed in the bones implanted with mixture of 60:40 and there was no osteocytes observed in the bones implanted with mixture of 70:30. At day 30, the implant of HA:β-TCP showed potency of biodegradability, bioresorbability, osteoconductivity, and good biocompatibility for body. It is suggested that the next research of this mixture as bone implant is still needed to find the optimal composition
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), rabbit bone, hydroxyapatite, healing process, bone implants, beta-tricalcium phosphate

Judul: Estimasi nilai pajak emisi kendaraan umum berbahan bakar bensin di Jakarta
Abstrak: Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan provinsi dengan tingkat polusi udara tertinggi di Indonesia. Transportasi merupakan penyumbang utama polusi udara di DKI Jakarta, yaitu sebesar 70%. Sumbangan sektor transportasi ini terutama berasal dari kendaraan berbahan bakar bensin, salah satunya adalah kendaraan umum. Pencemaran tersebut menimbulkan kerugian masyarakat, diantaranya kerugian dari segi kesehatan. Guna mengatasi permasalahan yang terjadi, salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan pemerintah ialah dengan menetapkan pajak emisi kendaraan berdasarkan tingkat kerugian kesehatan masyarakat. Mengacu pada hal tersebut, dilakukan sebuah estimasi kerugian masyarakat akibat emisi kendaraan umum berbahan bakar bensin berdasarkan biaya kesehatan yang totalnya mencapai Rp 4.053.041.102.763,- per tahun. Dari biaya kesehatan tersebut selanjutnya dapat dihitung perkiraan tarif pajak emisi untuk kendaraan umum yang terdiri dari kendaraan angkot sebesar Rp 3.769.733,- per kendaraan per tahun dan taksi sebesar Rp 3.770.528,- per kendaraan per tahun. Mayoritas responden masyarakat DKI Jakarta menyatakan sangat setuju bahwasanya peningkatan jumlah kendaraan umum dapat memperparah kondisi udara yang tercemar. Hal ini juga diperkuat dengan pernyataan keyperson yang menyatakan bahwa adanya pencemaran udara di Jakarta tersebut memberikan dampak negatif bagi kesehatan. Oleh karena itu, baik masyarakat maupun keyperson menyatakan setuju jika pajak emisi dijadikan solusi dalam mengurangi pencemaran udara.
Keyword: Air pollution, cost of illness, emission tax rates, gasoline, public transportation emissions