Judul: Penentuan Premi Sistem Bonus Malus dengan Menggunakan Fungsi Utilitas Eksponensial
Abstrak: A Bonus Malus system is one of systems used in the automobile insurance. This system introduces the clasification of premium level, which is influenced by the number of claims from the policyholder every year. This paper discusses premium calculation on Bonus Malus system for automobile third party liability insurance with two different methods, which both are based on exponential utility functions. The first method is carried out by applying the principle of zero utility using the exponential utlilty function. The second method is formulated by breaking the symmetry between overcharges and undercharges by weighting them differently in the utility function in order to penalize the overcharges. In order to compare the calculation methods of both approaches, the expected value principle should be given in advance. Number of claims from each policyholder is assumed to follow Poisson distribution, while the parameters follow the gamma distribution. This leads to an unconditional negative binomial distribution. The posterior distribution of frequency claim parameter is to be determined in order to estimate the parameters using Bayes estimation technique. The premium calculation on Bonus Malus system using expected value and zero utility principle implies very high cost for high risk. In the Bonus Malus premium using the penalization of overcharges approach, the ratio between extreme premiums is reduced to produce a smaller Malus. Therefore, the most appropriate premium for policyholder in every class is the premium which applies penalization of overcharges
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Judul: Premium Determination on Bonus Malus System Using Mixed Poisson Distribution.
Abstrak: Bonus malus system is an insurance system that conciders classes of premium division. Its premium depends on the number of claims that are proposed by policyholder each year. Therefore, the rate of premium on current year is determined by the number of claims which were made on previous year. This paper studies determination methods of insurance premium with bonus malus system using mixed Poisson distribution. Further, it also studies construction of a bonus malus table using the net premium principle (principle of zero utility) on mixed Poisson distribution. There are two cases in determining the premium estimates using mixed Poisson distribution, i.e. the parametric and non-parametric estimation. Determination of the best premium on parametric estimation can be made using Hofmann distribution. Determining the best premium with nonparametric estimation can be made using different parameters on the three groups of risk. The nonparametric case is better than the parametric case in context of goodness of fit test. The best distribution of both estimation cases are then used to construct the best optimal bonus malus table and a bonus malus table for weighted premium. In this case, the parametric estimation fits better than the nonparametric estimation.
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Judul: Budidaya dan pelestarian buaya air tawar irian (Crocodylus novaeguineae)
Abstrak: Di Indonesia terdapat beberapa spesies buaya diantaranya adalah Crocodylus porosus, Crocodylus novaeguineae, Tomistoma schlegelii dan Crocodylus siamenesis. Crocodylus novaeguineae baru ditemukan tahun 1928 di lrian Jaya dan Papua New Guinea oleh Schmidt. Dengan adanya perdagangan kulit buaya maka masyarakat mulai memburu buaya-buaya alam untuk dijual tanpa memperhatikan kelangsungan hidup spesies tersebut. Tempat hidup buaya-buaya inipun semakin sempit karena diubah jadi perladangan, lalu lintas air dan daerah pemukiman sehingga terjadi penurunan jumlah buaya secara cepat.
Keyword: Crocodylus porosus, Crocodylus novaeguineae, Tomistoma schlegelii, Crocodylus siamenesis