Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Baku di Kabupaten Tangerang.
Abstrak: Water is one of the basic necessities of human beings to make life and increase their welfare. Indonesia is located in the tropics and have raw water availability. Drought-prone was one problem in the raw water supply as a result of the uneven distribution of water in the region of Indonesia. Tangerang Regency is one of the areas of Indonesia's Banten Province has its challenges in the future to meet the needs of the raw water, due to the increasing population and decreasing ability of the environment both in quality and quantity in the raw water supply. This research aims to know the needs and availability of raw water in the near future. Water demand was analyzed by exponential approximation is a method, and water availability was analyzed based on linear equations obtained from linear regression using Microsoft Excel 2007. Water requirements were analyzed based on demand, such as the water needs for domestic, non-domestic, industrial, fisheries, livestock and irrigation. From the results obtained that level of water needs from 2010 to 2030 as a whole has increased, which for 2010 of 71,61 m3/sec, 2015 amounting to 72,86 m3/sec, by 2020 of 76,24 m3/sec, 2025 of 82,75 m3/sec, and 2030 of 95,35 m3/sec. While the total availability of water from 2010 to 2030 from water source river and groundwater degradation, which in 2010 of 143,17 m3/sec, 2015 amounting to 127,28 m3/sec, by 2020 of 114,02 m3/sec, 2025 of 100,75 m3/sec, and 2030 of 87,50 m3/sec. By 2030 water availability can’t meet water demand, with a water deficit -7,85 m3/sec.
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Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Baku di Kabupaten Tangerang
Abstrak: Air merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia untuk melangsungkan kehidupan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraannya. Indonesia terletak di daerah tropis dan mempunyai tingkat ketersediaan air baku yang cukup. Rawan kekeringan merupakan salah satu permasalahan dalam penyediaan air baku akibat dari distribusi air yang tidak merata di wilayah Indonesia. Kabupaten Tangerang sebagai salah satu wilayah Indonesia yang terletak di Propinsi Banten memiliki tantangan di masa yang akan datang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air baku, karena meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan menurunnya kemampuan lingkungan baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas dalam penyediaan air baku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air baku di Kabupaten Tangerang di masa yang akan datang. Metode yang digunakan pada analisis kebutuhan air adalah metode pendekatan eksponensial, sedangkan untuk ketersediaan air baku dianalisis berdasarkan persamaan linear yang diperoleh dari regresi linear menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2007. Kebutuhan air baku dianalisa berdasarkan keperluannya, seperti kebutuhan air untuk keperluan domestik, non-domestik, perikanan, industri, ternak, dan irigasi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tingkat kebutuhan air dari tahun 2010 sampai 2030 secara keseluruhan mengalami peningkatan, dimana untuk tahun 2010 sebesar 71,61 m3/det, tahun 2015 sebesar 72,86 m3/det, tahun 2020 sebesar 76,24 m3/det, tahun 2025 sebesar 82,75 m3/det, dan tahun 2030 sebesar 95,35 m3/det. Sedangkan total ketersediaan air dari tahun 2010 sampai 2030 dari sumber air sungai dan air tanah mengalami penurunan, dimana tahun 2010 sebesar 143,17 m3/det, tahun 2015 sebesar 127,28 m3/det, tahun 2020 sebesar 114,02 m3/det, tahun 2025 sebesar 100,75 m3/det, dan tahun 2030 sebesar 87,50 m3/det. Pada tahun 2030 ketersediaan air tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air, dimana terjadi defisit air sebesar -7,85 m3/det.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Raw water, Water demands, Water availability, River, Groundwater

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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