Judul: Analysis of Unemployment Rate in the Monetary Inflationary Targeting Framework Policy System in Developed and Developing Countries
Abstrak: Tingkat pengangguran di dunia terus mengalami fluktuasi seiring dengan variabel makroekonomi lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh dari pemberlakuan kebijakan Inflationary Targeting Framework (ITF) beserta faktor lainnya seperti tingkat inflasi dan tingkat pertumbuhan PDB dan nilai tukar terhadap tingkat peganggura di dunia. Data yang digunakan berbentuk data panel dengan periode analisis dari tahun 1980 hingga 2019 dengan 114 negara di dunia. Data penelitian ini besumber dari World Economic Outlook dan International Financial Statistics yang dirilis oleh International Monetary Fund (IMF). Penelitian ini menggunakan analsis regresi data Unbalanced Panel dengan metode Pooled Least Square . Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan kebijakan ITF memberikan perbedaan yang nyata dan positif terhadap tingkat pengangguran di dunia dan negara maju serta tidak memberikan perbedaan nyata pada tingkat pengangguan di negara berkembang. Pertumbuhan PDB berpegaruh signifikan positif terhadap tingkat pengangguran di dunia negara maju dan berkembang., The unemployment rate in the world continues to fluctuate along with other macroeconomic variables. This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of the Inflationary Targeting Framework (ITF) policy along with other factors such as the inflation rate and GDP growth rate and the exchange rate on the level of peganggura in the world. The data used is in the form of panel data with an analysis period from 1980 to 2019 with 114 countries in the world. The research data comes from the World Economic Outlook and International Financial Statistics released by the International Monetary Fund (IMF). This study uses Unbalanced Panel data regression analysis with the Pooled Least Square method. The results of this study indicate that the ITF policy provides a real and positive difference to the unemployment rate in the world and developed countries and does not make a real difference in the level of disturbance in developing countries. GDP growth has a significant positive effect on the unemployment rate in the world, developed and developing countries.
Keyword: Inflasi, Inflatonary Targeting Framework, Pengangguran, Pertumbuhan PDB. GDP Growth, Inflation, Inflationary Targeting Framework, Unemployement.

Judul: Efektivitas Kebijakan Moneter di Negara- Negara ITF dan Non-ITF: Studi Komparatif Negara Maju dan Negara Berkembang
Abstrak: Inflaion Targeting Framework (ITF) merupakan kerangka kerja kebijakan moneter yang ditandai dengan target inflasi yang hendak dicapai dalam beberapa periode ke depan. Dalam kerangka kebijakan moneter, sasaran operasional merupakan suatu instrumen yang berperan sangat penting sebagai pengukur sejauh mana hasil yang dicapai oleh kebijakan moneter. Penelitian ini membahas tentang pengaruh ITF terhadap sasaran operasional kebijakan moneter. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dengan periode waktu 2005 sampai tahun 2016 dengan sampel 37 negara berkembang dan 17 negara maju. Hasil menunjukkann bahwa penerapan ITF lebih efektif diterapkan di negara maju dibandingkan dengan negara berkembang. Selain itu, kebijakan ITF nyatanya lebih efektif jika dibandingkan dengan non-ITF baik di negara maju maupun negara berkembang. Namun, terdapat perbedaan pengaruh pada kategori kedua negara tersebut dimana pengaruhnya lebih besar di negara maju daripada negara berkembang.
Keyword: Inflation Targeting Framework, kebijakan moneter, ITF dan non-ITF, negara maju dan negara berkembang, panel statis

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship