Judul: Evaluation of Noni Leaf Shoot Meal (Morinda citrifolia) in Diet on the Digestive Tract, Internal Organs, and Histopathology of the Jejunal Quail
Abstrak: Produktivitas puyuh dipengaruhi oleh kesehatan saluran pencernaan yang dapat ditingkatkan dengan tepung pucuk daun mengkudu (TPDM) yang tinggi antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kesehatan saluran pencernaan, organ dalam, dan histopatologi jejunum puyuh. Penelitian ini menggunakan 300 ekor puyuh berumur 4 minggu sampai 14 minggu. Rancangan acak lengkap digunakan dalam penelitian dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan yang terdiri atas P0 (ransum kontrol), P1 (ransum mengandung 2% TPDM), P2 (ransum mengandung 4% TPDM), P3 (ransum mengandung 6% TPDM), dan P4 (ransum mengandung 8% TPDM). Peubah yang diamati adalah ukuran saluran pencernaan dan organ dalam, serta histopatologi jejunum puyuh. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan diuji lanjut Duncan apabila terdapat pengaruh nyata. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian 8% TPDM nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan bobot kolon, (P<0,01) histopatologi jejujum. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah pemberian TPDM dalam ransum hingga 8% tidak berpengaruh negatif terhadap saluran pencernaan, organ dalam, dan histopatologi jejunum puyuh. Perlakuan 8% TPDM dalam ransum dapat meningkatkan kesehatan usus halus yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya luas permukaan vili dengan rasio tinggi vili dan kedalaman kripta paling baik., Quail productivity is determined by digestive tract health that can improves by feeding noni leaf shoot meal (NLSM) contain antioxidants. This study aims to evaluate the feeding of NLSM on the digestive tract health, internal organs, and histopathology of jejunal quails. This study used 300 quails of 4 weeks to 14 weeks of age. Completely randomized design was used with 5 treatments and 4 replicants were P0 (control diet), P1 (diet contain 2% NLSM), P2 (diet contain 4% NLSM), P3 (diet contain 6% NLSM), and P4 (diet contain 8% NLSM). The variables observed were digestive tract, internal organs, and histopathology of jejunal quails. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and further tested by Duncan if there was significant different. The result showed that feeding 8% NLSM significantly (P<0.05) increased colon weight and (P<0.01) villous indicators. The conclusion of this study that feeding NLSM up to 8% did not affect negative on the digestive and internal organs and also can improves the surface area with the best ratio of villous height to crypt depth.
Keyword: digestive tract, histopathology, internal organs, noni leaf shoot meal, quail

Judul: Penambahan Tepung dan Ekstrak Daun Jati (Tectona grandiss Linn. F.) Pada Puyuh coturnix coturnix japonica
Abstrak: Tectone leaf is plant perennial who had the chance very large for use as fodder. The availability and its abundant known was selected as one alternative plant a source of materials local feed. Generally of tecton trees used to be taken wood as major commodity logistics. Hence in the study is done the utilization of waste in the form of tecton leaf meal in diet laying quail. Active ingredients that was found in the leaves of flavonoid tecton namely. A compound phytochemistry is able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria in the digestive tract so that the absorption of nutrient could be optimal and no mortality on experiment. The supplementation tecton leaf can improve balance the necessary of feed nutrient quails and increase productivity of egg quail. This study aimed to analyze supplementation meal and extract tectone leaf in quails diet on antimicrobial activities such as bacteria pathogen E.coli and S.typhimurium on digestive tract so it could improve the quail performance and egg quality. This research used the laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 4-12 weeks as many as 180 bird given the supplementation tecton meal in diet and extract tecton leaf in drinking water. A method of research is experiment with design random complete (CRD) consist of six treatments and three replications. Treatments consist of : R0 = commercial rations, R1 = commercial rations + Vitachick, R2 = commercial rations + 6% meal tecton leaf, R3 = commercial rations +6% extract tecton leaf, R4= commercial rations+ 9% meal tecton leaf, R5 = commercial rations + 9% esxtract tecton leaf in drinking water. Parameters observed were feed consumption, water consumption, egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion, yolk weight and albumin weight, egg yolk colour score, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, haugh unit, total of colonies bacteria, and analysis of Income Overfeed Cost. The analysis showed that meal tecton leaf proximate containing crude protein 11.01%, crude fat 3.80%, crude fiber 22.01%, and ash 8.11%. Active compound of flavonoid that was found in extract and meal tecton leaf is 0.241% and 0.643%. The result showed that the addition of meal and extract tecton leaf didn’t affect significantly (P>0.05 ) of feed consumption, water consumption, egg production and feed conversion. There was no mortality during this experiment. The addition of meal tecton leaf 6% and 9% could be increase a score of yolk colour to 8 with a yellow color. Supplementation extract tectone leaf 9% to reduce the total bacteria colonies E.coli and S. typhimurium. Flavonoids were able to inhibit the growth of pathogenic bacteria with the concentration of the medium. The conclusion of this research was supplementation 6% tecton leaf was able to increase the egg yolk color score while was able to reduce the total population of the colonies of pathogenic bacteria of the digestive tract quail can be given the addition of 9% extract tecton leaf. The content of flavonoid that serves as the meal contained in the antibacterial meal and extract tecton leaf is 0.643% and 0.24%.
Keyword: antibacterial, flavonoid, productivity, quail, Egg, tecton leaf

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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