Judul: Mutagenesis dengan Transposon pada Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Penyebab Hawar Daun Padi
Abstrak: Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease of rice that can reduce rice productivity. The use of biocontrol agents is an effective solution to solve this problem. The aim of this study was to obtain mutants of Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae through transposon mutagenesis. Transposon mini-Tn5Km1 carried by E.coli S-17-1 (λ pir) was introduced into Xanthomonas oryzae pv oryzae STG21 by conjugation diparental mating. Frequency of tranconjugation obtained from this study was about 2.7×10-6, 1.1×10-6, dan 2.4×10-6 at the ratios of 1:1, 1:10, and 10:1 respectively. Five mutants (M93, M99, M107, M112, and M120) out of 300 mutants tested did not cause a hypersensitive reaction on tobacco plants. However, on rice IR64 plants showed that those mutants could reduce the symptoms of BLB with presentage of 96%, 94%, 94%, 91% and 92% respectively.
Keyword: Xanthomonas, mutagenesis, HDB, transposon

Judul: Potensi Beberapa Bakteri Penghambat Pertumbuhan Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae Penyebab Penyakit Hawar Daun Bakteri pada Tanaman Padi
Abstrak: Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) disease caused by plant pathogenic bacteria Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) could lead to death of rice plants. Control of plant pathogenic bacteria can be performed using biological control agents. The aim of this research was to study the inhibitory ability of eight isolates of biocontrol bacteria against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) under greenhouse conditions. Isolates of biological agents used in the study were obtained from IPB Culture Collection (IPBCC), Department of Biology, IPB and microbial gene bank collection of Indonesian Center for Agriculture Biotechnology and Genetic Resources (BB Biogen), consisting of Pseudomonas aeruginosa C32a and C32b, P. fluorescens ATCC 13525 Pf , Serratia marcescens E31, Bacillus sp. I.5, B. cereus I.21 and II.14, and B. firmus E65 isolates. The methods used in the research i.e. hypersensitivity test, antagonistic test of biocontrol bacteria to Xoo, and in vivo application of biological agents in the greenhouse condition. Hypersensitivity test on tobacco plants using C32a and C32b inoculums showed characteristics of slightly leaf yellowing but did not cause necrosis. Injection using Xoo inoculum showed necrosis on tobacco leaves. Antagonist isolates i.e. C32a, C32b, Pf, I.21, and I.5 showed inhibitory activity against Xoo, whereas others isolates did not show inhibitory activity. In greenhouse experiments IR 64 rice plants were sprayed with biological control agents (107cfu/ml) at 7 days, 14 days, 28 days, and 42 days after planting. The results showed that C32a isolate could suppress better the lesion length of BLB than that of chemical control (copper sulphate). Growth measurement of rice plants were assessed on plant height, number of tillers, panicle number and grain weight. Rice plants spraying treatment with isolates E65, E31, C32a, C32b, I.21, Pf, and I.5 showed no difference with control of sterile distilled water. Spraying with each suspension isolate of I.21, E31, C32a, Pf, and C32b indicated no different in the panicle number, in addition rice production was higher in C32a, Pf, C32b, and I.21 treatments. Spraying with C32a isolates produced the highest grain production compared with that of other isolates.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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