Judul: Peran Kelembagaan Lokal terhadap Penggunaan Lahan dan Tingkat Kesejahteraan Masyarakat di Hulu Daerah Aliran Sungai
Abstrak: Destructive people’s behavior toward natural resources has led to critical issues of natural resources management, especially in the last few years, where the new goverment are continues reform and local autonomy taking places. Cases of illegal logging and forest encoarchment are continues and these have led to seriour forest degradation, forest land errotion, and even significance decrease of springs and water supply. The aims of this study are to critically analyse the existance of local institutions, to analyze the profile and the roles of local institutions in forest management. The purposeof this studyare to analyzethe relationship between the role of local institutions to changes in land use and the level of social welfare. Results of this study indicate that local institutional Citaman village had significantly instrumental in the change of land use and the level of social welfare. Lack of local institutions’ capacity, lack of awareness of the duties and functions of institutions, and lack of goverment support and supervision considered to be a inhibit the progress of institutions and lack of local institutions.
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Judul: Kelembagaan Lokal dalam Pengelolaan dan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Hutan (Kasus Masyarakat Nambluong di Kabupaten Jayapura, Papua)
Abstrak: The objective of this study was to describe the local institution 111 the management of forest resource and its implications for forest performance. This @ dy used a case study method. Data were collected through in-depht interviews, ~ctured interviews, observation and measurement. The result showed that the ~stitutional aspects in the forest management in the Nambluong community (") i-iiclude values, norms and lUles. The value of forest resources refers to the ~thropocentric orientation. The identified systems of knowledge and nOlms are ,rest categorization, cultivation system, descent groups, prohibition of cultivation ~ld cutting down trees at the riverside, prohibition of using certain types of wood, ~ohibition of stealing or destroying villages, farms and forests, as well as the ban ~ selling villages/farm land to outsiders. The lUles on the holding rights of forest ~sources refer to the rights to control and use as well traditional sanctions. These ~hts are based on the system of khinship and traditional leadership. Social & rms and lUle on the rights of the forest resources have implications to the :::::s iiistainable forest resource as the main sources of livelihood for the community. :::::s Qihese implications are demonstrated by the sustainable forest resource to o ~oduction of crops, dusun of sago and timber, which are have a ecologi function. k the secondary and primary forest areas, the measurement of perfOlmance found a good implication in performance. This performance is indicated by the sufficient number or density of plant species, which is of good category with the diversity of plant species at the moderate level. The institutional aspects that are tlUsted, obeyed and practiced in managing and utilizing forest have given the implications of a good management of forest resources. This is indicated by the clarity of tenure limits for the tang groups that have been recognized by the community, thus providing guaranteed security in utilizing forest. The regulation of the l!ilizing rights for the tang members can control the behavior of individuals who ~e forest resources excessively.
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Judul: Estimation of Additive and Non-Additive Genetic Variances of Body Weight, Egg Weight and Egg Production for Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with an Animal Model Analysis
Abstrak: This study estimates the additive and non-additive variances for egg production and body weight traits of two lines of quails from a long-term selection with the help of the REML method. For the body weight of 42-day-old females (BW42f) and males (BW42m), a total of 7,934 records for line 1 and 7,214 records for line 2 from 21 generations were used in our analyses. Additionally, 1,717 records of females from line 1 and 1,671 records of females from line 2 contained information on their egg production at an age of 42 to 200 days (EN200), on the average egg weight for the first 11 weeks of their laying season (EW1), on the average egg weight from weeks 12 to 23 (EW2), and on their body weight at an age of 200 days (BW200f). A multivariate additive animal model and one-trait dominance models, which include the inbreeding coefficients as covariates, were fitted to the data. The estimates of the heritability gained from our dominance models were smaller than those from the additive model. For line 1, the heritability values decreased for EN200 from 0.35 to 0.32, for EW1 from 0.66 to 0.56, for BW200f from 0.42 to 0.38, and for BW200m from 0.51 to 0.49, respectively. For the first line, the respective ratio (d2) of the dominance variance to the phenotypic variance for EN200, EW1, BW200f and BW200m was 0.08, 0.22, 0.09 and 0.21, and the values for the second line were 0.12, 0.06, 0.001 and 0.23.
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