Judul: Menginvestigasi Kemiskinan Anak Multidimensi di Indonesia: Pendekatan Regresi Spasial
Abstrak: Child poverty is defined as poor children who experience poverty because of the lack of basic needs (nutrition, education, shelter, drinking water, or health services) that can affect their development or future opportunities (UNICEF 2019). The traditional approach to measure child poverty based on household income can not provide a comprehensive overview of children’s welfare. Therefore, multidimensional child poverty (MCP) that defines poor children by deprivation levels in several dimensions supporting children’s living standards is vitally important for more representative measurement to monitor child poverty. The traditional approach measuring child poverty based on household income can not provide a comprehensive overview of children’s welfare. Therefore, multidimensional child poverty (MCP) that defines poor children by deprivation levels in several dimensions supporting children’s living standards is vitally important for a more representative measurement of child poverty. The thesis is motivated due to several reasons. First, several provinces in Indonesia had a medium level of human capital, while these provinces experienced high MCP rates in 2016. Second, a limited study includes district-level interactions in Indonesia’s child poverty study. It seems plausible to assume that socioeconomic factors generating MCP in one district are correlated to or even influenced by socioeconomic factors in neighbouring districts. Therefore, this thesis investigates the linkage between MCP and its determinants by incorporating spatial analysis. Indonesia’s national socioeconomic survey in March 2020 is used to construct multidimensional poverty experienced by children. Then this thesis analyses the factors influencing MCP at regional levels employing spatial regression analysis. The results find that district-level MCP in Indonesia and its driven factors are spatially correlated. Local household characteristics, industrial structure, and infrastructure strongly determine the MCP at regional levels. The thesis shows that female-headed households and infrastructure have spillover effects towards child poverty. It suggests that reducing childhood poverty at district levels has to consider spatial effects of the local determinants of MCP, such as by investing in women’s empowerment, internet access, and educational infrastructure.
Keyword: Child Poverty, MODA, Regional Poverty, SLX Model

Judul: Analysis of Determinants of Poverty in Underdeveloped Regions in Sumatra Island
Abstrak: Pulau Sumatra memiliki kinerja ekonomi yang baik bila mengacu pada kontribusi terhadap PDB Nasional. Namun Pulau Sumatra masih memiliki tujuh daerah tertinggal. Kondisi ini diperparah dengan persentase penduduk miskin yang sangat tinggi di tiap daerah tertinggal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memetakan perkembangan kemiskinan daerah tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra dengan menggunakan tipologi Klassen, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Daerah Tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra dengan metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasil analisis pemetaan yang dilakukan dengan tipologi klassen menunjukkan Kabupaten Nias Utara konsisten berada di kuadran dengan persentase kemiskinan tinggi dan PDRB per kapita rendah selama periode penelitian. Sedangkan mayoritas kabupaten lainnya berpindah posisi kuadran. Hasil analisis regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan kemiskinan adalah Panjang jalan dengan kondisi baik, IPM, Belanja modal dan PDRB per kapita. Sementara tingkat pengangguran terbuka (TPT) berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan kemiskinan. Sedangkan belanja bantuan sosial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan daerah tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra., Sumatra Island has shown a strong economic performance in terms of its contribution to the national GDP. However, the island still has seven underdeveloped regions. This situation is further exacerbated by a high percentage of poverty in each of these underdeveloped areas. This research aims to map the progress of poverty in these underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island using the Klassen typology, and to analyze the faktors influencing poverty in these regions through panel data regression analysis. The mapping analysis conducted using the Klassen typology consistently places North Nias Regency in the quadrant with a high poverty percentage and low per capita gross regional domestic product (PDRB) throughout the study period. Meanwhile, most other regencies have shifted their quadrant positions. The panel data regression analysis results indicate that significant faktors reducing poverty include the length of well-maintained roads, the Human Development Index (HDI), capital expenditure, and per capita PDRB. On the other hand, the open unemployment rate (TPT) significantly increases poverty. Social assistance spending does not have an effect on poverty in the underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island
Keyword: Determinants of poverty, panel data regression, Sumatra Island, Underdeveloped Regions

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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