Judul: Rancangan proses pengendalian dan pemanfaatan gas karbon dioksida pada sumur minyak dan gas bumi dengan teknologi carbon capture and storage
Abstrak: The utilization of oil and gas is very important in the development activities and tends to increase every year. This has caused oil and gas reserves to decrease and the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) to increase in the atmosphere, which can trigger the effects of greenhouse gases and global warming on Earth's surface. One of the technologies that can reduce the CO2 concentration and at the same time increase the gas recovery is the technology of carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS). It is used to capture CO2 from the combustion process and injected into the reservoir to raise oil and gas reserves. One potential area of Indonesia to implement the CCS technology is West Java, the fifth largest of oil and gas reserves in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to design CO2 capture and storage processes in geology formation, in which the absorption process and enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technology are used in the design of CO2 capture and storage processing. The study was based on a field survey and laboratory analysis of the flaring gas composition, where the design of CO2 capture process was treated with Aspen Plus with the variations of absorber stage number, from 7 until 17, and the variations of some amine solutions such as monoethanolamine (MEA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), diethanolamine (DEA) and methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) as the absorbent, while the CO2 storage process was treated by screening the well criteria, namely XC-4, XG-1, XG-11, XT-27, and XJ-140, minimum miscibility pressure (MMP) value of well fluid, and computer modelling group (CMG). The most efficient was the process design of CO2 capture at stage 17 in the absorber column with the DEA solution, with the efficiency in CO2 removal (99.54%) and the reduction of CO2 concentration from 39.73% with the flow rate of 33,762 kmol/hr as input to 17.49% with the flow rate of 5,906 kmol/hr as output. The resulted process design showed that 580,585 ton of CO2/year could be processed and 101,565 ton of CO2/year can be reused. The most efficient of CO2 storage process design was with the simulated reservoir in the XJ-140 well as the EOR well and XJ field, with cumulative oil production of 5.08 million metric stock tank barrel (MMstb) from 2011-2030 and with the recovery factor of 9.53%. The resulted estimation of the amount of oil collected and CO2 stored showed that CO2 can be stored into the geological formation, varying from 0.5-1 Mton and the potential additional production of oil was 3.6-7.2 MMstb. The economic analysis found that XJ field is very profitable with the application of EOR with an initial investment of US$ 7,500,000, that is, it can obtain the net present value (NPV) of US$ 247,000, internal rate of return (IRR) of 17.41%, and pay back period (PBP) in 2015, or for 4 years, 4 month, if the project begins in 2011 with the profitability index of 1.01. The revenue from oil is US$ 143,864 for the Regency and US$ 71,932 for the Province, while the revenue from gas is US$ 213,902 for the Regency and US$ 106,951
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The existence of PT. SDK as one of the peripatetic Company in oil and gas sector which work with PT. Pertamina hold important role in ready to supply gas and improvement of earning of area in home affairs. Research aim to develop model of utilization of associated gas activity of petroleum exploitation in supporting clean development mechanism in Tugu Barat oil field. Big potential of gas production in Indonesia and decreasing the production of oil as fuel production in Indonesia, make Indonesian government to change policy from utilized oil fuel to gas fuel as alternative energy a cheap and environmentally friendly. On the other hand, production of oil and gas be produced flaring gas. Based on that, need to find utilization of flaring gas modeling on oil and gas company to support clean development mechanism, such as on Tugu Barat Oil and Gas Exploitation Field, Indramayu, West Java. This research use descriptive analysis method with triangulation method, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Pay Back Period (PBP), and profitability Index Analysis with software Powersim Constructor version 2.5, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM). The analysis result indicated that flaring gas produced from Tugu Barat Field potential to processed, because profitable and could decrease global warming so that it can support clean development mechanism (CDM). Alternative policy that could develop on Tugu Barat Oil Field is process flaring gas to liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), beside profitable, it can protect environment quality to clean development mechanism (CDM). To achieve this, most influential factor is government policy and other influential factors are human resources, natural resources (flaring gas availability), funding, technology, facilities and infrastructure. Therefore to manage flaring gas on Tugu Barat Field needs government policy and high quality human resources. Flare gas industry on Tugu Barat Oil Production Field, economically good to develop. The result of West Java and Jakarta society sub model ecology , sub model simulation and economic sub model indicated the preference of positive growth curve establishment which follow exponential curve, same result indicate on migrants. But because of resource limitedness, at one time the curve go to stable equilibrium through balancing process which at dynamic system said for following archetype “limit to growth”. Alternative policy management of associated gas which need to be developed in Liquified Petroleum Gas (LPG).
Keyword: Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM), Clean Development Mechanism (CDM), Greenhouse gasses, West Java, Global Warming

Judul: Penularan Kuman Salmonella ke Manusia Melalui Karkas Broiler yang Tercemar
Abstrak: Kuman salmonella yang secara primer hanya patogen terhadap manusia adalah Salmonella typhose, Salmonella paratyphi, Salmonella - schottmuelleri, dan Salmonella hirschfelldii. Sedangkan kuman salmonella yang lain yang secara primer menyerang hewan kadang-kadang mampu beradaptasi pada manusia, sehingga menimbulkan penyakit. Penularan sering terjadi melalui makanan tanpa terkecuali karkas broiler yang tercemar oleh kuman tersebut, sehingga Salmonellosis dimasukkan dalam Food Borne Disease. Penyakit yang ditimbulkan oleh Kuman salmonella diantaranya demam typhoid, gastroenteritis sampai dengan septikemia. Tetapi sering pula infeksi pada manusia tidak menimbulkan gejala klinis, sehingga penderita akan berperan sebagai carrier.
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