Judul: Pengaruh penjayaan jerami padi dengan energi protein N-S dan Ca-P terhadap inkorporasi 35 s kedalam mikroba rumen
Abstrak: Untuk mengetahui peningkatan manfaat jerami padi, yang dihidrolisa dengan larutan basa abu sekam padi, penambahan gaplek sebagai sumber energi, urea sebagai sumber nitrogen, serta sulfur, kalsium dan fosfor sebagai sumber mineral, telah dilakukan pendugaan sintesis protein mikroba dalam cairan rumen sapi, menggunakan radio sulfur 35s sebagai perunut. Percobaan dilakukan secara in vitro, serta menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok faktorial 33. Cairan rumen berperan sebagai kelompok. Faktor yang di uji terdiri atas: A= Nisbah Energi-Protein (E/P), B = Nisbah Nitrogen-Sulfur (N/S) dan C = Nisbah Kalsium-Fosfor (Ca/P). Masing-masing faktor terdiri atas tiga taraf, yaitu: a1 = 4, a2 = 5 dan a3 = 6; b1 = 7.5, b2 = 10 dan b3 = 12.5; c1 = 0.5, c2 = 1 dan c3 = 2. Sebagai donor cairan rumen dipergunakan Sapi Jantan peranakan F.H. berfistula rumen yang diberi makan rumput gajah dan jerami padi, Substrat dasar terdiri atas jerami padi yang telah dihidrolisa dengan larutan basa abu sekam padi dan campuran mineral (Cattle Mix Pfizer). Semua substrat dibuat “isonitrogen" (2% nitrogen= 12.5% protein kasar) dan "isokalsium" (Ca"' 1% protein kasar). Sesuai dengan tiap-tiap perlakuan, substrat ditambah gaplek, urea, Na2so4, Caco3 dan Na2HP04, dengan sumber radioisotop larutan Na235SO4.
Keyword: Protein;, Rumen microba;

Judul: Kemampuan fermentasi rumen kerbau terhadap ransum berbahan dasar jerami padi berprotein 5, 10, 15 dan 20 persen
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Bagian Ilmu Nutrisi Ternak Pedaging dan Kerja, di Laboratorium Nutrisi Jurusan Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui sampai berapa jauh pengaruh level protein ransum dengan bahan dasar jerami padi terhadap kemampuan fermentasi mikroba rumen dengan mengukur pH, tingkat pembentukan total VFA dan konsentrasi N-amonia rumen. Pada penelitian ini digunakan kerbau rawa betina se banyak 4 ekor dengan umur masing masing sekitar 4 tahun, 5 tahun, 6 tahun dan 7 tahun serta berat awal penelitian masing masing sekitar 228 kg, 250 kg, 270 kg dan 310 kg (rata rata 264 ± 34.85 kg). Bahan makanan penyusun ransum terdiri dari jerami padi (40%), rumput lapangan (5 %), urea (0.5%), lemak hewan, bungkil kedele, lamtoro (Leucaena leucochepala), dedak padi, onggok, sulfur (S), dikalsium ph phosfat, cattle mix dan NaCl. Ransum (R1, R2, R3 dan R4) dibedakan oleh kandungan proteinnya (5%, 10%, 15% dan 20 %) dengan TDN sama ± 65 %. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah bujur sangkar latin Pengujian dilakukan dengan uji sidik ragam dan uji 4 x 4. jarak Duncan (Duncan's New Multiple Range Test). Hal yang diukur adalah pH, tatal VFA dan N-amonia rumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa level protein ransum dan waktu (0, 4, 8 dan 12 jam) setelah pemberian makan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0.05) terhadap pH cairan rumen dan konsentrasi total VFA, dengan nilai masing ma sing sekitar 6.7 dan 154.595 mmol/l untuk setiap ransum penelitian. Interaksi antara level protein ransum dengan waktu pengambilan contoh (0,4, 8 dan 12 jam setelah pemberian makan) nyata (P0.05), dan kedua perlakuan berpengaruh terhadap konsentrasi N-amonia cairan rumen. Pada setiap waktu pengambilan contoh (0, 4, 8 dan 12 jam setelah pem- berian makan), N-amonia rumen meningkat dengan meningkat- nya level protein ransum. Terdapat peningkatan sekitar 3.84 mmol/l untuk setiap peningkatan 5 % protein ransum…dst
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite