Judul: Persamaan Penduga Biomassa Pohon Jenis Nyirih (Xylocarpus granatum Koenig 1784) dalam Tegakan Mangrove Hutan Alam di Batu Ampar, Kalimantan Barat
Abstrak: In relation to global warming issues, forests function as CO2 absorber from the atmosphere and as biomass reservoir. Mangrove has twice productivity compared to primary forest and is estimated to have a good biomass sink and biomass reservoir ability. To estimate biomass amount in a forest, a non direct approach can be applied using allometric model and BEF method. The objective of this research is to build an allometric equation to estimate Nyirih biomass. This research was conducted in Nipah Panjang village, Batu Ampar for two weeks. The equation is made based a hypothesis that there is a strong correlation between tree parameters and biomass value of each tree sections. To meet the objective of this research, 30 tree samples were randomly chosen based on diameter representative. Afterwards, biomass was measured using destructive sampling method. Trunk section was measured using volume approach while other sections were measured using direct weighing method. Tree data collected in standing position included breast height diameter, total height and average height. Afterwards each tree section was separated and weigh. Water content data were obtained by taking samples from each section and tested for 11 repetitions. Biomass estimation model were built by analyzing the correlation of each biomass value with tree dimensions. A strong correlation among variables implies that these variables can consistently represent the tree biomass. Positive correlation between tree sections with its diameter was higher than with its total height. Correlations are then explained in regression equation. The best equation was obtained by testing four linier and non-linier regression equations. The best equation is that which has the lowest deviation (s) value, the highest determination coefficient (R2) value and the highest corrected determination coefficient (R2) value. Moreover, the equation had to have an estimation value that resembles actual biomass the most; fulfill remnant normality assumption and model additives. The result of the research showed that the highest value of biomass was found in trunk section which reached 52,5% of total tree biomass above land surface. Then it was followed by branch (26%), twig (15,5%) and leaf (6%). Research on Mahoni species by Adinugroho (2002) showed that trunk section reached 73% of total biomass. Thus, it can be concluded that Nyirih has a great amount of branching Based on the tested regression equations, the best alometric equation to estimate biomass value of each tree section were as follows: 􀂃 Trunk Biomass : Btrunk = 0,0813D2,28 􀂃 Branch Biomass: Bbranch = 0,0063D2,78 􀂃 Twig Biomass : Btwig = 0,1D1,79 􀂃 Leaf Biomass : Bleaf = 0,1076D1,51 􀂃 Total Biomass : Btotal = 0,1832D2,21 The BEF value of Nyirih was 1,806 for total biomass estimation based on direct measuring and 1,737 based on tree volume data. The increase of diameter size caused BEF value to decrease. Based on its high BEF value, it can be concluded that Nyirih has a great amount of branching.
Keyword: 

Judul: Pendugaan biomassa beberapa kelas umur tanaman Rhizophora apiculata pada areal PT. Bina Ovivipari Semesta, Kabupaten Kubu Raya, Kalimantan Barat
Abstrak: Mangrove forests develop along coastlines that are always or regularly inundated by sea water and affected by tides but not affected by the climate. Ecological function of mangrove as carbon sink becomes important thing since climate change tends to more interesting issue. Trees absorb CO2 through photosynthesis and convert it into organic carbon and store it in biomass of the tree body. PT. Bina Ovivipari Semesta is a private company has permission IUPHHK-HA on the area of mangrove forest. This company replant the logged over area. The plants on the logged area will have different content of biomass keep pace with the growth of these plants per year. The purpose of this research is to develop allometric equation model to estimate biomass of Rhizophora apiculata on several age classes. The study was conducted at mangrove forest of PT. Bina Ovivipari Semesta, Kubu Raya District, West Kalimantan Province. It was conducted during July-August 2010. Data that were collected consisted of trees’ dimension: wet weight of each segment, sample wet weight of test sample per segment, and dry weight of test sample per segment. Data that were collected with destructive methods. The data was analyzed using Minitab software release 14 with statistic values test and validation test. The ratio values of water content and wood specific weight have inverse relation. The value of trees’ water content tends to decline with increasing trees’ age, while the value of wood density tends to increase with increasing trees’ age. Younger trees have larger cell cavities so the water can fill in the cavities easily. The smaller the cell cavities in mature trees are caused by wood contents. Biomass of tree on age of three, six, and nine years were 0,96 kg/ind; 5,38 kg/ind; and 39,11 kg/ind respectively. It shows that biomass value of trees’ parts tend to increase together to the age of the trees. Allometric equation of Rhizophora apiculata on three to nine years of age gives total biomass in kg, respectively: leave (B = 0,0204174 D1,95), twig (B = 0,0074131 D2, 23), branch (B = 0,0213796 D2,1), bar (B = 0,0027542 D4,01), areal root (B = 0,0079433 D3,25) and total biomass (B = 0,027542 D3,22).
Keyword: 

Judul: Desain Instrumen Pengontrol Otomatis Pasteurisasi Susu
Abstrak: Pasteurisasi merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan ter- hadap susu segar sebelum disimpan pada suhu rendah atau langsung dikonsumsi. Caranya adalah dengan memanaskan sam- pai mencapai suhu minimal 62.8 atau 71.7 °C yang diperta- hankan tetap selama 1800 atau 15 detik. Kombinasi suhu dan waktu dapat dipilih sesuai dengan kemampuan alat. Makin tinggi suhu yang dipilih makin pendek waktunya. Melalui proses pasteurisasi, rasa dan aroma susu tidak berubah dan seluruh bakteri penyebab penyakit (bakteri pa- togen) musnah. Berdasarkan kombinasi suhu-waktu, pasterisasi susu di- bedakan atas tiga metoda, yaitu metoda waktu lama (long hold), temperatur tinggi waktu pendek (HTST) dan temperatur tinggi (UHT). Suhu pasteurisasi dengan metoda waktu lama minimal 62.8 °C yang dipertahankan tetap selama paling se- dikit 1800 detik. Sedang HTST suhu minimalnya adalah 71.7 °C dengan waktu 15 detik atau lebih lama. Pada UHT waktu yang diperlukan adalah dua detik atau lebih singkat dengan suhu 87.8 - 132.2 °C. Pemakaian kombinasi suhu-waktu yang melebih dari ke- tentuan minimalnya akan mempengaruhi rasa, aroma, komposisi ...
Keyword: