Judul: Composting of organic rice straw towards “Zero Waste Production Management”
Abstrak: Budidaya padi sawah merupakan kegiatan yang lazim dilakukan oleh masyarakat Indonesia, terutama daerah pedesaan. Konsep yang diterapkan petani saat ini adalah dengan memberikan kebutuhan unsur hara tanaman menggunakan pupuk kimia sintetik menurut dosis yang telah ditentukan. Pemberian pupuk kimia sintetik secara tidak langsung telah menyebabkan degradasi lahan pertanian dan dalam proses produksi pupuk tersebut juga dikeluarkan emisi gas langsung ke udara. Budidaya padi selain menghasilkan beras, juga menghasilkan limbah berupa jerami, sekam, dan gas metana serta non metana. Jerami merupakan limbah potensial yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan budidaya padi dengan potensi 12-15 ton/ha jerami segar. Pada umumnya Jerami dibakar oleh petani untuk mereduksi volume limbah dan kegiatan ini menghasilkan emisi CO2 yang akan meningkatkan pemanasan global sebagai gas rumah kaca dan menimbulkan limbah baru berupa abu (ash) sisa dari pembakaran.
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Judul: Karbon Organik Tanah dan Emisi Karbon dari Budidaya Padi dengan Pupuk Organik Berbeda
Abstrak: Indonesia rice fields covering an area of approximately 10.9 million acres is expected to contribute about 1% of total global methane. The addition of organic matters into paddy fields is thought to be one factor for increasing of green house gas emissions especially methane from rice fields. The research was conducted to determine the correlation of soil organic carbon to carbon emissions from rice cultivation. The experimental design used Randomized Complete with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed in each treatment were soil organic matter content, the growth of rice plants, bacterial counts of heterotrophs and metanotrophs, and the rate of CH4 and CO2 emissions. The addition of compost increased the ratio of siol organic carbon and nitrogen. Soil and compost ratio of 1:1 performed lower methane emissions. Increasing of soil organic matter showed increasing of CH4 and CO2 emissions. Methane emissions are also associated with waterlogged soil conditions that are favorable for the methanogenic bacteria.
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Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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