Judul: Penentuan Retensi Optimal Reasuransi Stop Loss dengan Metode Optimasi Value at Risk
Abstrak: Tidak semua risiko dari pemegang polis ditanggung sendiri oleh perusahaan asuransi, terutama risiko yang nilainya besar. Risiko tersebut biasanya ditanggungkan kembali ke perusahaan asuransi lain melalui reasuransi. Salah satu jenis reasuransi yang sering digunakan adalah reasuransi stop loss. Pada reasuransi ini, perusahaan asuransi akan menetapkan batas retensi, yaitu batas maksimum risiko atau uang pertanggungan yang dapat ditanggung sendiri oleh perusahaan asuransi. Penentuan nilai retensi optimal ini sangat penting bagi perusahaan asuransi. Salah satu metode yang bisa digunakan adalah metode optimasi Value at Risk. Pada penelitian ini, berhasil ditentukan syarat-syarat agar retensi optimal ada sehingga nilai retensi optimal nya dapat ditentukan. Pada metode ini, safety loading factor dan distribusi aggregate loss perusahaan asuransi merupakan faktor penting dalam penentuan retensi optimal.
Keyword: Reasuransi Stop Loss, Retensi Optimal, Value at Risk

Judul: Asuransi Optimal dan Kebijakan Reasuransi dalam Proses Risiko
Abstrak: Insurer has a risk to bankrupt because the distribution of its claim size has a thick tail. This means that the probability of a big claim is relatively high. For this situation, insurer divides a part or all risk of to other insurer (reinsurance) to minimize the expected maximal losses. Insurer can optimize insurance policies, reinsurance, or both. When insurer optimizes insurance policies for minimizing the expected maximal losses, insurer limits its claim size to be paid by insured. When insurer optimizes reinsurance, insurer do not limit the claim size submitted by insured but insurer just paid a part from the claim submitted by insured and the rest being paid reinsurance. When insurer uses the combination polices, insurer limits the claim size submitted by insured and insurer paid a part from the claim it and the rest being paid by reinsurance. The result of optimizes insurance policies, reinsurance, or both is a stop loss policy to minimize the expected maximal losses.
Keyword: reinsurance., insurance policies, insurance, risk

Judul: Epigeneium (Orchidaceae) of Java and Sumatra
Abstrak: Study on Epigeneium (Orchidaceae) in Java and Sumatra was conducted based on herbarium and living collections. Specimens from Herbarium Bogoriense (BO) and Herbarium Singapore Botanic Garden (SING) were observed during this study. Photo images of specimens and types from Leiden (L), Oakes Ames Orchid Herbarium (AMES), and Kew (K) were have been incorporated. Other additional specimens were from Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA). Based on morphological characters, Epigeneium has been revised into five species of Epigeneium from Java: E. arjunoense, E. cymbidioides, E. elongatum, E. geminatum, and E. triflorum. Epigeneium elongatum previously was placed as one of the variety of E. triflorum, now it has been placed back to species level because there are some distinct characters from the other two varieties were observed. In Sumatra there was one new record, E. geminatum since this species was never been found in this island before. Two new species were proposed from Sumatra: E. longibulbon Destri sp. nov. and E. sikijangensis Destri sp. nov. Epigeneium longibulbon was named base on its long pseudobulb, and E. sikijangensis was named after the original habitat where this orchid was collected (Rawa Sikijang), located at Mt. Kerinci, Jambi province.
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