Judul: Penggunaan Sistem Laktoperoksidase dan Pengaruhnya  terhadap Kualitas Susu Segar dan Hasil Olahannya
Abstrak: Susu merupakan makanan yang kaya akan gizi dan sangat baik untuk pertumbuhan manusia. Namun demikian susu juga merupakan media yang sangat baik untuk pertumbuhan mikroorganisme, sehingga bila disimpan terlalu lama dalam suhu ruang akan cepat rusak, sebagai akibat pertumbuhan dari mikroorganisme didalamnya. Berbagai upaya untuk bisa memperpanjang umur susu telah banyak dilakukan misalnya dengan pendinginan. Pendinginan. memerlukan biaya yang tinggi untuk penyediaan alat pendinginnya. Perkembangan lebih lanjut dalam mempertahankan kualitas susu adalah dengan mengaktih sistem laktoperoksidase yang memiliki sifat bakteriostatik dengan penambahan alitivator natrium thiosianat dan hidrogen peroksida.
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Judul: Karakteristik Fisik Organoleptik dan Mikrobiologis Susu Pasteurisasi dan Sterilisasi Selama Penyimpanan dengan Penambahan Lisozim sebagai Antibakteri.
Abstrak: Penambahan lisozim dapat memberikan pengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan mikroba pada produk pangan seperti susu. Lisozim pada putih telur memiliki kemampuan aktivitas antibakteri yang disebabkan kemampuannya memutuskan ikatan asam N-asetilmuramat (NAM) dan N-asetilglukosamin (NAG) dari peptidoglikan di dindimg sel bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik fisik, organoleptik dan mikrobiologis susu pada suhu pemanasan (pasteurisasi dan sterilisasi) dengan menggunakan lisozim. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola faktorial yang terdiri atas dua faktor. Faktor pertama pertama adalah susu dengan penambahan lisozim dan tanpa lisozim. Faktor kedua adalah lama penyimpanan (0, 2, 4, 6, dan 8 hari) dengan Uji Tukey sebagai uji banding berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan lisozim pada susu yang dipanaskan dengan perlakuan pasteurisai atau sterilisasi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap nilai aw, kadar air, dan viskositas susu tersebut. Penambahan lisozim mampu menurunkan populasi mikroba lebih besar pada susu yang sudah dipanaskan melalui pasteurisasi. Penurunan ini tidak terjadi jika lisozim ditambahkan pada susu yang dipanaskan melalui proses sterilisasi karena pada suhu steril bakteri patogen sudah mati.
Keyword: antibakteri, lisozim, susu pasteurisasi, susu sterilisasi

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua