Judul: Market Integration and Price Transmission of Beef in the Archipelagic State: The Case of Indonesia
Abstrak: Karakteristik khas dari negara kepulauan yang terdiri dari beberapa pulau yang terbagi antara daratan dan lautan dimiliki oleh Indonesia. Kondisi Indonesia yang terdiri dari ribuan pulau dan daerah yang terbagi menjadi 1.811.570 kilometer persegi daratan dan 3.081.756 kilometer persegi perairan merupakan anugerah dan sekaligus tantangan, khususnya dalam hal distribusi pertanian salah satunya adalah daging sapi. Daging sapi adalah komoditas yang termasuk sembilan jenis makanan pokok bagi masyarakat (sembako) sesuai dengan keputusan menteri perindustrian dan perdagangan nomor 115/mpp/kpp/2/ 1998, tanggal 27 Februari 1998 dan kedua yang paling banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia dengan kontribusi hingga 15,45 % produksi daging nasional setelah ayam pedaging. Lebih spesifik lagi, penelitian ini bertujuan sebagai berikut: untuk menilai integrasi pasar domestik pada daging sapi dalam sebuah pulau dan antar pulau dan untuk menganalisa kecepatan dari koreksi penyesuaian harga dan durasi waktu yang dibutuhkan oleh dua provinsi yang memiliki hubungan dalam pulau yang sama maupun antar pulau. Data yang digunakan dalam studi ini adalah harga daging sapi di tingkat konsumen dengan menghitung nilai rata-rata harga 4 jenis daging sapi (Primary Cut, Secondary Cut AB, Meat Manufacturing and Fancy and Variety Meat) dengan frekuensi harian (hari kerja) dari tanggal 1 Januari 2015 hingga 27 April 2018. Untuk, nilai-nilai yang hilang kami memenuhinya dengan menggunakan interpolasi linier. Total pengamatan: 28.611 (867 hari x 33 ibukota provinsi). Peneliti menggunakan uji Unit Root untuk mencari tahu apakah serial harga tergolong non-stationary pada tingkat level atau tidak, uji AIC untuk mengetahui jumlah lag yang diperlukan untuk uji kointegrasi dan VECM, uji kointegrasi untuk menentukan hubungan kointegrasi yang diuji terhadap 96 pasang pasar daging sapi di 33 provinsi di Indonesia berdasarkan survei berskala nasional mengenai distribusi perdagangan daging sapi Indonesia pada tahun 2013 dan pada tahun 2018, dan uji model koreksi kesalahan vektor (VECM) untuk menentukan integrasi pasar dan transmisi harga dan untuk menilai kecepatan penyesuaian koreksi harga per hari dan durasi yang diperlukan sampai harga kembali pada keseimbangan. Uji kointegrasi menunjukkan bahwa dari 96 pasangan hanya terdapat 72 % (69 pasangan) yang terintegrasi secara signifikan dan sisanya 27 pasangan (28 %) tidak terbukti secara signifikan memiliki hubungan integrasi. Secara umum, Indonesia bagian barat yaitu di seluruh provinsi di pulau Sumatera, seluruh provinsi di pulau Jawa dan beberapa provinsi di pulau Kalimantan yang dominan dalam jumlah adanya hubungan integrasi pasar dibandingkan dengan provinsi di Indonesia bagian tengah dan timur. Terdapat 31 pasangan pasar terintegrasi dalam sebuah pulau dan 38 pasangan pasar terpadu antara pulau. Hasil uji VECM menunjukkan terdapat 45 hubungan ideal yang dibedakan antara pasangan provinsi dalam sebuah pulau dan antar pulau. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dari hasil penelitian, perbaikan pasangan harga pada provinsi dalam sebuah pulau lebih kuat daripada pasangan harga antar pulau dengan nilai masing-masing 10,33 % per hari dan 9,87 % per hari. Durasi waktu untuk koreksi pada pasangan yang terdapat dalam sebuah pulau lebih cepat daripada pasangan yang terdapat antar pulau dengan masing-masing rata-rata 8 hari dan rata rata 9,52 hari.
Keyword: Negara kepulauan, integrasi pasar, Indonesia, daging sapi, VECM

Judul: Integrasi Pasar dan Respon Penawaran Daging Sapi di Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia's beef needs are met from three sources, namely local beef, imported cattle and beef imports. This is because local beef production in 2013 amounted to 545 600 tonnes, while beef consumption reached 757 088 tonnes. This leads to the presence of excess demand in order to meet the needs of domestic beef and veal imports carried out beef. In order to increase the availability of beef in Indonesia, there are still some problems which are beef production centers in Indonesia are still concentrated in a few regions such as East Java and NTB, while regional consumption centers are in Greater Jakarta. The second problem is the liberalization of the beef market, where custom duties beef from abroad will be lower than previous implications on the price of imported beef to be much cheaper and the price of local beef that follow the movement of the price of beef imports also become cheaper than ever, this leads to fluctuations in the price of beef in the domestic market to fully follow the market mechanism. In addition, there are other issues that beef production is still low. Beef cattle farm productivity is still low and caused by the majority of livestock breeders in Indonesia that is dominated by people who are still subsistence so that the average farmer in Indonesia responded less to changes in the price of beef at this time continues to increase. The purposes of this study were to: (1) analyze the integration of the beef market center's cut in some provinces and other provinces in Indonesia, (2) analyze the integration of the domestic beef market in Indonesia with the world's beef market, (3) analyze the response to the breeder supply's changes in the price of beef in Indonesia. This research used the model VECM (Vector Error Correction Model) to analyze the integration of the beef market and used the model ECM (Error Correction Model) to analyze the supply response of beef. The data used were the time series data (time series) in the months (January 2009 to December 2013) and the data quarterly (first quarter 2001 to fourth quarter 2013). Data obtained from several agencies such as the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), Bank of Indonesia, Directorate General of Livestock and Animal Health and the Ministry of Trade. The results showed that there was co-integration (integration in the long term) between beef production areas (East Java and NTB) with consumption centers (Jakarta and West Java), but the integration did not occur, and which was the market for commodity beef could not be treated as a single market and changes in the market price of beef production center which was not necessarily the same impact on the change in the price of beef in beef consumption centers. This was also confirmed by the results of the Granger causality test which showed that prices in central areas of consumption were not necessarily affecting the beef prices in central areas of consumption, and vice versa. Therefore, the response rates from central areas to the consumption of beef production areas still were unidirectional. This
Keyword: Consumer Prices, Producer Prices, Market Integration, Beef Marketing, Supply of Beef

Judul: Photosensor producing based on ferroelectric material of Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 doped by Ferrium Oxide (Fe2O3) on a P-Type Silicon Substate Si (100) applied as a digital camera with a single pixel image sensor
Abstrak: Thin film Ba0,5Sr0,5TiO3 (BST) doped with Fe2O3 was grown on p-type silicon substrate (100) using chemical solution deposition (CSD). It used the solvent 2-methoxyethanol with annealing temperature of 850°C and the doping treatment Fe2O3 of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 % of the mass formed BST. Pure BST had the highest absorption of 600 nm of light wavelength. Additions Fe2O3 moves highest absorption in the range of 560 nm. Fe2O3 addition was strengthening thin film sensitivity to the effects of light. In general, doping Fe2O3 10% was result the best absorbance and current-voltage of BST thin film. Electrical properties of thin films BST include dielectric, photoconductivity, and dissipation energy. Based on the current-voltage (I-V) analysis, pure BST and doped BST showed photodiode properties. Dielectric values obtained in the range from 23.32 to 243. Based on electrical conductivity data and energy dissipation, BST thin films have shown photodiode characteristics and are therefore suitable as light sensors. The image sensor in a digital camera is also a light sensor. This BST thin film has been scientifically proven to be a light sensor and also it can be applied as an image sensor. This is a novelty image sensor based on thin film Ba0.5Sr0.5TiO3.
Keyword: barium strontium titanate, thin film, photodiode, image sensor, digital camera