Judul: Evaluasi Penambahan Cassabio ke dalam Ransum terhadap Konsumsi dan Kecernaan Zat Makanan pada Anak Domba Lokal.
Abstrak: Problems that are faced in farming development in Indonesia are providing feed raw materials, these are due to its low quantity and quality, as well as expensive in its price. The availability of feed raw material is also limited by its competition with human needs which are in line with the increase in its population, and by its dependent on imported products. Utilisation of agricultural byproduct, and improving its quality with applied technology, can be used as alternatives to overcome the problems. Cassava waste (onggok) is a byproduct of cassava flour industry with an increase in its amount relating to the increase in cassava flour industry. However, its use is limited by its low crude protein content, but its energy content is high, then it can be used as energy source feed. Improving nutritive value of cassava byproduct can be done by solid substrate fermentation with Aspergillus niger which is mixed with urea and ammonium sulphate as inorganic nitrogen sources. The product is known as cassabio, but the optimal use of cassabio in a ration has not yet been determined. Therefore, the experiment is carried out to evaluate cassabio addition into rations of local lamb at growth phase on nutrient digestibility. The experiment was conducted using randomized block design with four treatments and three replications, local lambs were used as replications. The treatments applied were addition levels of cassabio into concentrate at 0% (P0), 20% (P1), 40% (P2), and 60% (P3). Variables measured were digestibilities of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein, crude fiber, ether extract, nitrogen free extract, total digestible nutrients (TDN) and digestible energy (DE). Data were analysed with analysis of variance (ANOVA) and differences among treatments were determined with Duncan test. The results showed that the use of cassabio up to 60% (P3) in rations for local lamb at growth phase produced the best results on variables measured (digestibility and consumption). The highest nutrient consumption and digestibilities were obtained at 568.65 gram/day and 76.25% for organic matter, 394.45 gram/day and 82.39% for nitrogen free extract, and 86.28 gram/day and 76.25% for crude protein. The conclusion of this research is the use cassabio up to 60% into concentrate given are safe and the best results in local lamb.
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Judul: Efek Penambahan Cassabio dalam Ransum terhadap Performa Anak Domba Lokal
Abstrak: Cassava pulp isone of the tapioca industry by-product that can be used as animal feed. However, the quality of cassava pulp is relatively low due to its low protein and high crude fiber content. Cassava pulp with addition of zeolite, urea, ammonium sulphate, that fermented by Aspergillus niger produced the product that called cassabio. The experiment of using cassabio on broiler have been done. However, there is no experiment of using cassabio on performance of ruminants. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of levels cassabio in concentrate on performance of local lamb. The experiments design was randomized block design with four treatments and three replications, and local lambs were used as replications. The treatments were addition levels of cassabio into concentrate at levels of 0% (P0), 20% (P1), 40% (P2), and 60% (P3). Variables that measured were feed consumption, average body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA)and differences among treatments were determined by Duncan test. The result showed that the cassabio levels P0, P1, P2, dan P3 for BWG was76.19; 81.43; 84.29; and 96.90 g head-1 day-1respectively; for intake was 444.34; 463.13; 483.03 and 493.52 g head-1 day-1respectively; feed efficiency was 0.17; 0.18; 0.17; and 0.20 respectively. The conclusion of the research was using cassabio up to 60% (P3) in concentrate produced the good results without negative effect on local lamb performance.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf