Judul: Potensi Leukemia Inhibitory Factor dalam peningkatan kemampuan conditioned medium untuk pengarahan embryonic stem cells mencit menjadi cardiomyocyte:
Abstrak: Penggunaan sel punca atau stem cell sebagai terapi sel terhadap penyakit degeneratif seperti myocardial infarction, yang diakibatkan oleh rusaknya cardiomyocyte atau sel otot jantung, telah mulai dikembangkan. Sel punca atau stem cell adalah salah satu alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk terapi sel yang mengalami kerusakan tersebut. Sel punca merupakan sel-sel yang belum berdiferensiasi serta memiliki kemampuan untuk berproliferasi dan berdiferensiasi menjadi berbagai tipe sel dengan fungsi yang lebih spesifik. Salah satu jenis sel punca yang sering digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis adalah embryonic stem cells, merupakan sel punca yang berasal dari inner cell mass (ICM) embrio tahap blastosis. Setelah dikultur dan dikembangkan pada kondisi yang sesuai, ICM akan menghasilkan sel punca yang dapat berdiferensiasi menjadi semua tipe sel tubuh, termasuk menjadi cardiomyocyte. Penggunaan sel punca untuk mengatasi kerusakan cardiomyocyte telah dilaporkan keberhasilannya pada beberapa hewan coba yang mengalami myocardial infarction. Namun perlu dilakukan suatu metode untuk mendapatkan cardiomyocyte dalam jumlah yang banyak dari hasil pengarahan ESC tersebut. Beberapa metode telah dilakukan untuk meningkatkan pengarahan ESC mencit menjadi cardiomyocyte, antara lain dengan penambahan faktor pertumbuhan, dan atau penggunaan conditioned medium (CM). Penggunaan CM tersebut pada kultur pengarahan ESC telah dilaporkan dapat meningkatkan jumlah cardiomyocyte yang terbentuk, karena di dalam CM terdapat faktor pertumbuhan (protein) serta lingkungan kultur primer yang mendukung pengarahan ESC menjadi cardiomyocyte.
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Judul: Kemampuan conditioned medium dari kultur primer pankreas dewasa dalam mengarahkan (diferensiasi) embryonic stem cell Mencit Menjadi Sel Beta Pankreas
Abstrak: The ability of embryonic stem cells (ESC) to differentiate into all cell types of the body has become a new hope in curing various degenerative diseases including diabetes. In diabetes, ESC can be used as a cell source that can be differentiated into pancreatic beta cells before being transplanted. The differentiation of ESC was influenced by several growth factors, such as activin, fibroblast growth factor, retinoic acid, and transforming growth factor. In this research, we examined the influence of conditioned medium (CM) resulted from the primary culture of adult mouse pancreas in various concentration (0%, 10%, 30%, and 50%) toward differentiation of ESC into pancreatic beta cells. Differentiation of ESC into pancreatic beta cells indicated by the positive result from dithizone staining and the expression of proinsulin 1 and proinsulin 2 genes. The results showed that ESC cultured with 50% CM concentration had higher quality of colour intensity than the 30% and 10% concentration (P < 0.05). The RNA analysis clearly showed that dithizone positive cells are expressing proinsulin 1 and proinsulin 2, which indicate gene mark of pancreatic beta cells. In conclusion, CM resulted from the primary culture of adult mouse pancreas was able to differentiate ESC into pancreatic beta cells with 50% CM as the optimum concentration to direct ESC differentiation into pancreatic beta cells.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite