Judul: Description of Blood Pressure and Oxygen Saturation Pre and Post Induction of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Pigs (Sus scrofa domestica)
Abstrak: Infark miokardium merupakan penyakit kardiovaskular dengan tingkat kematian yang cukup tinggi. Pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan saturasi oksigen (SpO₂) pada pasien dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi masalah sirkulasi pada tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran nilai tekanan darah dan SpO₂ pada babi pre dan post induksi infark miokardium akut. Babi diinduksi infark miokardium akut dengan ligasi di proksimal arteri circumflex coronary. Tekanan darah diperiksa menggunakan non-invasive blood pressure cuff yang disambungkan dengan veterinary blood pressure monitor dan SpO₂ diperiksa menggunakan SpO₂ adapter cable yang disambungkan dengan patient monitor. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif terhadap perubahan SpO₂ dan tekanan darah ±15 menit pre dan post induksi infark miokardium akut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata nilai tekanan darah sistolik dari 93,4 ± 11,08 mmHg menjadi 68,4 ± 13,79 mmHg. Rata-rata nilai tekanan darah diastolik menurun dari 54,6 ± 16,1 mmHg menjadi 37,6 ± 15,79 mmHg. Rata-rata nilai SpO₂ menunjukkan kenaikan dari 94.6 ± 6,23% menjadi 96,2 ± 2,95%. Nilai tekanan darah berada di bawah rentang normal pre induksi dan semakin menurun post induksi. Nilai SpO₂ mengalami perubahan yang bervariasi pada setiap individu dengan rata-rata mengalami kenaikan., Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality rate. Examination of blood pressure and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) in patients can be done to detect circulation problems in the body. This study aims to describe the value of blood pressure and SpO₂ in pigs pre and post induction of acute myocardial infarction. Pigs induced with acute myocardial infarction by ligation of the proximal branch of the circumflex coronary artery. Blood pressure was checked using a non-invasive blood pressure cuff connected to a veterinary blood pressure monitor and SpO₂ was checked using an SpO₂ adapter cable connected to the patient monitor. The data obtained from this study were analyzed descriptively on changes in SpO₂ and blood pressure ±15 minutes pre and post induction of acute myocardial infarction. The results showed a decrease in the average value of systolic blood pressure from 93,4 ± 11,08 mmHg to 68,4 ± 13,79 mmHg. The average value of diastolic blood pressure decreased from 54,6 ± 16,1 mmHg to 37,6 ± 15,79 mmHg. The average SpO₂ value showed an increase from 94,6 ± 6,23% to 96,2 ± 2,95%. Blood pressure values were below the normal range pre induction and decreased post induction. The value of SpO₂ varies in each individual with an increased average.
Keyword: babi, infark miokardium, saturasi oksigen, tekanan darah, blood pressure, myocardial infarction, oxygen saturation, pigs

Judul: Erythrogram Profile of Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) Before and After the Myocardial Infarction Condition with total occlusion of the circumflex artery
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran eritrogram babi (Sus scrofa domestica) sebagai hewan model pada keadaan sebelum dan sesaat setelah kondisi infark miokard dengan oklusi total arteri sirkumfleks. Babi dengan jumlah 9 ekor dilakukan aklimatisasi. Hewan dipuasakan minimal 12 jam sebelum dilakukan operasi. Babi dianastesi menggunakan ketamin 10% (dosis 0,5 mg/kg) dan xylazine 2% (1 mg/kg). Operasi pembuatan infark miokard dilakukan oklusi total dengan cara ligasi pada cabang proksimal dari arteri sirkumfleks dengan jahitan non- absorbable polypropylene 5.0 monofilament. Hambatan aliran darah dilakukan dengan rentang waktu 2 - 3 jam. Pengambilan darah dilakukan sebelum dan sesaat setelah terjadinya infark jantung dengan masing - masing pengambilan sebanyak ± 3 ml dilakukan melalui vena jugularis kemudian dimasukkan ke dalam vacutainer yang berisi antikoagulan K3 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K3EDTA). Sampel darah dilakukan pemeriksaan eritrogram menggunakan hematology analyzer terhadap jumlah eritrosit, kadar hemoglobin, nilai hematokrit, dan indeks eritrosit (MCV, MCH, dan MCHC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata eritrosit, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, dan MCHC sebelum dan setelah infark miokardium (2 – 3 jam setelah oklusi total arteri sirkumfleks) masih berada pada nilai kisaran normal, sedangkan rata-rata hematokrit berada dibawah kisaran nilai normal. Satu ekor babi ditemukan sebelum dan setelah infark memiliki hasil yang merujuk pada terjadinya anemia mikrositik hipokromik., The objective of this research was to determine the profile of the erythrogram of pigs (Sus scrofa domestica) as animal models in the conditions before and shortly after the myocardial infarction with total occlusion of the circumflex artery. A total of 9 pigs were acclimatized. Pigs were fasted for at least 12 hours before surgery. Pigs were anasthetized using 10% ketamin (0.5 mg/kg dose) and 2% xylazine (1 mg/kg). Myocardial infarction surgery was performed in total occlusion by ligation of the proximal branch of the circumflex artery with a non-absorbable polypropylene 5.0 monofilament suture. Blood flow resistance occurs with a period of 2 - 3 hours. ± 3 ml of blood was drawn through the jugular vein and then put into a vacutainer containing the anticoagulant K3 Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (K3EDTA). The blood sample was then examined for erythrogram using a hematology analyzer on the number of erythrocytes, hemoglobin level, hematocrit value, and erythrocyte index (MCV, MCH, and MCHC). The mean values of erythrocyte, hemoglobin, MCV, MCH, and MCHC parameters before and after myocardial infarction (2 – 3 hours after the total occlusion of the circumflex artery) were at normal values. In contrast to the average hematocrit which is below the normal value. One of the pig show results that refer to the occurrence of microcytic hypochromic anemia.
Keyword: Eritrosit, hematokrit, hemoglobin, Sus scrofa donestica, infarction

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm