Judul: In vitro propagation and molecular analysis of kopyor coconut
Abstrak: Kopyor coconut is a mutant that cannot be propagated by conventional technique. Morphologically kopyor coconut cannot be differentiated from normal coconut. The aims of these studies were to improve efficiency of coconut zygotic embryo culture and to develop a protocol for clonal propagation through somatic embryogenesis. Moreover, the study was to design a molecular marker to differentiate kopyor coconut from normal one. A series of experiments such as: additions of organic addenda, subculture period, increasing of plantlet rooting by IBA on the zygotic embryo culture technique and embryo splitting technique were carried out to increase the production of plantlets and seedling of kopyor coconut
Keyword: Central Java, Morphologically Kopyor coconut, Somatic embryogenesis, Single Strand Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP)

Judul: Karakterisasi Dan Pemanfaatan Plasma Nutfah Melalui Pendekatan Pemuliaan Dan Molekuler Untuk Peningkatan Hasil Buah Kopyor Dan Kualitas Benih Kopyor.
Abstrak: Kopyor coconut is one of the commodities that prospectively to increase the income of farmers and local governments. However, its development still faces some problems ie : low production, quality plant material limitations, which is not optimal cultivation techniques and crop management patterns that are less precise. This study aims to: (1) Conduct an inventory existence and record quantity of accession and kopyor coconut varieties from various locations in Indonesia, (2) Evaluate the characteristics of flowering and fruit development the Dwarf kopyor coconut varieties, (3) Identification negative influence of the xenia on kopyor fruits harvested of Tall kopyor and Dwarf kopyor varieties, (4) Develop and evaluate methods of increasing yields kopyor fruit at the farm level through controlled pollination, (5) Determining the genetic mechanisms controlling the kopyor trait of the accession coconut kopyor originating from various locations in Indonesia, (6) Evaluating the genetic diversity of kopyor coconut accessions originating from various locations in Indonesia based on molecular markers, (7) To evaluate patterns of co-segregation between the locus of a number of molecular markers which have been developed for coconut genome and analyzing the linkage of kopyor trait with molecular markers evaluated. The survey results showed that coconut kopyor plants spread in population form at some coconut centers in the area of Java, namely Sumenep and Jember in East Java, Pati, Central Java, Purwakarta, West Java, Tangerang, Banten and Kalianda, South Lampung. In addition it was reported that there is limited kopyor palm plant in Banyuwangi and Ponorogo in East Java, Purbalingga and Purwokerto, Central Java, and in Bogor, West Java. In general, the production of kopyor fruit in all accession kopyor observed at the farm level is relatively low, at under 25% for Tall kopyor accessions and under 40% for coconut Dwarf kopyor accessions. Character of fruit components vary between accessions, with a high value of diversity in the fruit weight and endosperm weight. Endosperm quantity of Dwarf kopyor accessions can be categorized by a score of 1-6 based on the volume of the fruit, while in Tall kopyor has a score of 1-9. The number of female flowers varies between three Dwarf kopyor varieties. The number of female flowers Dwarf kopyor in Kima Atas Experimental Garden, Indonesian Palm Reseacrch institute (IPRI) Manado more than the Dwarf kopyor in the Pati regency, Central Java. The female flower period of three Dwarf kopyor varieties was in male flowers period, allowing the occurrence of self-pollination in the same palm. Dwarf kopyor varieties categorized as direct self-pollinated crops or direct autogamy. viii In general, the development of the fruit in the Dwarf kopyor varieties no different from normal coconut. Dwarf kopyor endosperm kopyor of three varieties began to be distinguished with normal fruit endosperm at the age of 23 weeks after pollination (WAP), with the crumb structure and unstable. Process of endosperm thickening in kopyor coconut start at the age of 23 WAP and reaches a maximum at the age of 41 WAP. Endosperm start regardless of the shell at the age of 32-35 WAP. Endosperm optimal quantity at the age of 41 WAP highest
Keyword: kopyor fruit harvesting, phenology, true-to-type seedling, genetic diversity, kopyor trait.

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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