Judul: Beban Bahan Organik dan Kemampuan Self-Purification Sungai Jawi di Pontianak
Abstrak: Berkembangnya kegiatan penduduk di sepanjang aliran Sungai Jawi, seperti bertambahnya pemukiman penduduk, keberadaan pasar, rumah sakit dan lain-lain, yang umumnya membuang limbah di perairan sungai tenebd telah mempengaruhi kualitas airnya. Adanya beban masukan bahan-bahan organik yang dihasilkan oleh kegiatan penduduk, pada batas-batas tertentu tidak akan menurunkan kualitas air sungai.
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Judul: Study Of Water Quality And Pollutant–Loaded Capacity Of Kapuas River, Pontianak City, West Kalimantan.
Abstrak: The development of West Kalimantan especially in the surrounding area of Kapuas River contributes significantly to the pollution of the river. Some measures have undertake for reducing the pollutant load entering into the river. The objectives of this study are to determine the water quality and to analyze the pollutant – loaded capacity of Kapuas River, Pontianak. Samples were taken from five different stations, along the river in Pontianak City. Results of laboratory analysis were compered to the water quality standard (PP No. 82 /2001). STORET Method was used to determine the water quality status of each sampling station. The result of laboratory analysis showed that concentrations of TDS were approximately 21 – 1233 mg/L, Hg 16.41-27.01 ppb, Ammonia 0.3 – 0.98 mg/L, BOD 3.06 – 3.99 mg/L, COD 15 – 25 mg/L and Fecal Coliform 0.1 – 12 x 105 MPN/100 ml. These results show that the water quality of Kapuas River do not meet the stated water quality standard including physical, chemical and the microbiology parameters. Water of Kapuas River is no longer proper to be used as raw water for drinking water. The study of industrial waste water shows that the waste water is treated and met the waste water standard (KepMenLH No. 51/1991). Other pollutant sources may the cause of the Kapuas River pollution. Local Government Policies should be undertaken immediately to solve the pollution problem of Kapuas River, because the water of the river is nowdays used as raw water of PDAM in Pontianak.
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Judul: Onset, Durasi, dan Gejala Klinis Anestesi pada Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) dengan Kombinasi Ketamin-Xylazin Intramuskular
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to expound the onset, duration, and clinical signs observed on anaesthesia phase using ketamine-xylazine combination in New Zealand White rabbits. Fifteen New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were randomly subjected into three groups of five animals each. Those in group A were anaesthetized using a combination of 35 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine given i/m. Group B animals were anaesthetized using a combination of 40 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine while group C were anaesthetized using a combination of 45 mg/kg ketamine and 5 mg/kg xylazine, both given i/m. The result of this study indicated that the onset of anaesthesia marked by loss of pain response differ not significantly among the three groups (P < 0.05). Duration of anaesthesia and recovery significantly differ (P < 0.05) as the dose of ketamine increased. The onset of anaesthesia clinical signs within induction phase showed significant differences on sternal recumbency, lateral recumbency, and constricted pupil. Meanwhile the onset of anaesthesia clinical signs showed no significant differences (P<0.05) within recovery phase. It was concluded that onset of anaesthesia and clinical signs in induction phase were directly proportional as the ketamine’s dose increased. Meanwhile duration of anaesthesia and duration of recovery were inversely proportional with the dose increasing.
Keyword: anesthesia, ketamine-xylazine, New Zealand White, rabbit