Judul: Kajian Stok Dan Ketidakpastian Sumber Daya Ikan Tetengkek (Megalaspis cordyla, Linnaeus 1758) Di PPN Karangantu
Abstrak: PPN (Archipelago Fishery Port) Karangantu is located in Kasemen District, Serang city, Banten Province. One of the fishes landed there is Torpedo Scad. The purpose of this research are to assess the stock of the fish using biologi parameter approach and the uncertainty using Monte Carlo model. Torpedo Scad (Megalaspis cordyla) is a bycatch of the fishing gear dogol. Torpedo Scad that was obtained during the research has distribution of length frequency range from 200 to 355 mm. It’s growth coefficients (K) for female and male is 0.2286 and 0.2896. Based on the relationship of Length and weight, female and male fish are allometric negative. The exploitation rate of Torpedo Scad is 15.92%. Based on the exploitation rate, Torpedo Scad catching is still underfishing, because of Torpedo Scad is bycatch
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Judul: Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Ikan Tetengkek (Megalaspis cordyla, Linnaeus 1758) di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara Karangantu- Banten
Abstrak: This research is aimed to determine the optimum allocation of Torpedo scad resources in the PPN Karangantu, Banten. The optimum value that calculated such as level of production, the amount of effort and the value of the benefit of the fish resources. The results showed that have not experienced over exploitation yet. Surplus production models used in this research are the models of Schaefer, Fox, Walter Hilborn, Schnute and Clarke Yoshimoto Pooley. Schaefer models had R2 values that greater than other surplus production models. The value of R2 in this model is 77%. On the actual condition of the catched of 1111 kg/year with a fishing effort of 4,17 trips/year. In the regime of open access management has the highest value of effort but zero benefit. Based on the analysis of the bioeconomy got the sustainable catched (MSY) of 2092 kg/year and fishing effort (Fmsy) by 5,22 trips/year, and the catchs (MEY) of 2110 kg/year and fishing effort (Fmey) 5,21 trip/year. Bioeconomy analysis shows that the value of Factual is smaller than the value of Fmsy and also Fmey. This indicated that the resources of Torpedo scad has not been experiencing over exploitation both biologically and economically.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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