Judul: Potato Farm Profit Analysis Irrigation System of Sprinkler and Surface in Pangalengan Subdistrict, Bandung
Abstrak: Jawa Barat menempati posisi ketiga sentra produksi kentang terbanyak di Indonesia, Kecamatan Pangalengan di Kabupaten Bandung menyumbang produktivitas tertinggi terhadap produktivitas kentang di Jawa Barat. Harga yang diterima oleh petani sangat berfluktuatif dan berpengaruh terhadap keuntungan petani. Saat panen raya, ketersediaan kentang melimpah sehingga harga yang diterima petani kecil. Tetapi, saat musim kemarau ketersediaan terbatas dan harga lebih tinggi. Maka dari itu, perlu mengusahakan kentang pada musim kemarau dengan pemanfaatan irigasi yaitu irigasi sprinkler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur biaya, keuntungan, dan efisiensi dengan metode analisis keuntungan dan uji beda T-test. Keuntungan total dari usahatani kentang dengan irigasi sprinkler sebesar Rp56.587.381/0,5 ha/musim, angka ini lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan irigasi permukaan sebesar Rp27.735.855/0,5 ha/musim. Efisiensi rasio R/C biaya total irigasi sprinkler lebih besar yaitu 1,45 dibandingkan dengan irigasi permukaan yaitu 1,24. Terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan pada penerimaan, keuntungan, dan R/C total. Tetapi, tidak terdapat perbedaan pada biaya total., West Java is the third position as the largest potato production center in Indonesia, Pangalengan Subsdistrict in Bandung Regency contributes the highest productivity to West Java’s potato productivity. Prices received by farmers are highly fluctuating and influence farmers profits. During the peak harvest season, the avaibility of potatoes is abundant, resulting in low prices for farmers. However, during the dry season, availability is limited and prices are higher. Therefore, it is necessary to cultivate potatoes in the dry season by utilizing irrigation, namely sprinkler irrigation. This study aims to analyze the cost structure, profit, and efficiensy using the profit analysis method and T-test. The total sprinkler irrigation amounted to Rp56.587.381/0,5ha/season, this figure is higher than that of surface irrigation of Rp 27.735.855/0,5ha/season. The efficiency of the R/C ratio of the total cost of sprinkler irrigation potato farming is greater at 1,45 compaed to surface irrigation at 1,24. There were significant differences in revenue, profit, nad total R/C. However, there was non difference in total cost.
Keyword: farm income, efficiency farm, potato, sprinkler irrigation.

Judul: Pengaruh Irigasi Terhadap Pendapatan Usahatani Padi di Kabupaten Indramayu Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Padi merupakan komoditas yang menjadi sumber pendapatan petani. Kabupaten Indramayu merupakan sentra produksi padi terbesar yang memiliki luas lahan sawah irigasi terbesar di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh irigasi terhadap pendapatan petani padi di Kabupaten Indramayu. Penelitian menggunakan data sekunder bersumber dari Sensus Pertanian 2013 Survey Rumah Tangga Usaha Tanaman Padi 2014 oleh BPS. Data dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis pendapatan serta analisis R/C rasio. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pendapatan atas biaya tunai usahatani padi irigasi sebesar Rp 13.391.520,48 dan usahatani padi non irigasi sebesar Rp 11.032.330,52. Pendapatan atas biaya total usahatani padi irigasi sebesar Rp 8.630.121,40 dan usahatani padi non irigasi sebesar Rp 7.229.302,49. R/C rasio atas biaya tunai usahatani padi irigasi sebesar 2,13 dan R/C rasio atas biaya total sebesar 1,52. Sedangkan pada usahatani padi non irigasi R/C rasio atas biaya tunai sebesar 2,05 dan R/C rasio atas biaya total sebesar 1,51. Dengan demikian usahatani padi irigasi lebih memberikan imbalan pendapatan lebih tinggi dari usahatani padi non irigasi. Usahatani padi irigasi juga lebih efisien dilihat dari nilai R/C rasio yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan usahatani padi non irigasi.
Keyword: efficiency, irrigation, farm income, R/C ratio

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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