Judul: Pengaruh Metoda Pembekuandan Lama Penyimpanan Beku Terhadap Berat dan Mutu Udang
Abstrak: lik Selama pembekuan dan penyimpanan beku udang dapat mengalami perubahan-perubahan yang dapat menurunkan nilai mutunya. Ferubahan-perubahan tersebut akan nampak jelas setelah udang beku dicairkan. Adapun salah satu perubahan yang terjadi bila udang beku dicairkan adalah penyusuten berat udang. Selanjutnya penyusutan berat tersebut dapat mengakibatkan bobot tuntas (perat netto) produk udang beku tidak sesuai dengan berat yang tercantum pada labelnya, se- hingga produk udang beku tersebut bile diekspor dapat ter- kena klaim (ditolak). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di "Cold Storage Jakarta Fishing Port" terhadap udang segar yang dibekukan secara "wet freezing" didapatkan bahwa pem- bekuan dengan "eir blast freezer" dan "contact plate free- zer" yang masing masing bersuhu -40°C dan lama penyimpanan beku dalam "cold storage" -30°C dapat mengakibatkan penyu- sutan berat produk udang. Fesarnya penyusutan berat terse- but ternyata dipengaruhi oleh metoda pembekuannya, sedang- kan penyimpanan beku dalar "cold storage" -30°C selama 0, 5, 10 dan 15 hari tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata. Udang yang dibekukan dengan "airblast freezer" -40°C sete- lah dicairkan mengalami penyusuten berat 5,52%, sedangkan ...
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Judul: Pengaruh jenis pengemas, suhu pembekuan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu udang kering - beku ( freeze - dried shrimp )
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh je- nis pengemas, sunu pembekuan dan lama penyimpanan terhadap mutu udang kering-beku yang dihasilkan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial uengan qua mail ulangan. Per- lakuan yang diterapkan meliputi jenis pengemas (rolyethylene dan Folypropylene), sunu pembekuan (-20, -10 aan -5°C) aan lama penyimpanan (0, 4 aan 8 minggu). Pengamatan meliputi rasio rehidrasi, kadar air, kadar protein aan organoleptik (tekstur, warna, flavour, penampakan dan penerimaan) setelan udang kering-beku direhiurasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sunu pembekuan ber- pengaruh terhadap rasio renidrasi, kadar air, flavour, pe- nampakan dan penerimaan, tetapi kurang berpengarun ternauap tekstur uan warna. Jenis pengemas berpengarun terhauap kauar uir, sedang- kan lama penyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap rasio reniarasi dan kadar air. Rasio rehiarasi tertinggi (0,9700) dicapai pada inter- aksi antara perlakuan suhu pembekuan -10 °C uan lama pe- nyimpanan O minggu, sedangkan rasio reniurasi yang terendah (0,9125) dicapai pada interaksi antara perlakuan sunu pem- bekuan -10 °C dan lama penyimpanan 8 minggu. Kadar air tertinggi (10,8583) aicapai pada interaksi antara perlakuan jenis pengemas Polyethylene aan lama po- nyimpanan 8 minggu. Suhu pembekuan -5°C memberikan kauur air yang relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan sunu pom- kuan -10 dan -20 °C. Kadar protein tertinggi (71,6520) dicapai pada inter- aksi antara perlakuan sunu pembekuan -10°C dan sama penyim- panan 4 minggu, sedangkan yang terenuah (69,4850) aicapai pada interaksi antara perlakuan suhu pembekuan -5 °C dan lama penyimpanan O minggu. Nilai pengamatan organoleptik berfluktuasi, namun flux- tuasi tersebut masin diatas ambang batas penerimaan. Umim- nya interaksi antara perlakuan jenis pengemas uan lama pe nyimpanan berpengaruh terhadap nilai organoleptik, kecuali tekstur udang kering-beku setelah direniurasi….
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis