Judul: Systematic Review: Impact of Forest  Harvesting on Forest Carbon in Natural Forest Enterprises
Abstrak: Pemanenan kayu dapat menyebabkan kerusakan tegakan tinggal, tanah dan keterbukaan areal hutan. Kerusakan tegakan tinggal dan keterbukaan areal hutan menyebabkan berkurangnya penyerapan karbon oleh vegetasi penyusun hutan, yang berdampak terhadap penurunan simpanan karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghimpun dan menganalisis hasil penelitian tentang dampak pemanenan hutan terhadap karbon hutan pada pengusahaan hutan alam, serta membandingkan hasil-hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan berupa artikel berbahasa Indonesia maupun Inggris, yang dipublikasi dan bersifat open access. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan kayu dengan teknik Reduced Impact Logging dapat memaksimalkan jumlah simpanan karbon setelah pemanenan, mengurangi jumlah karbon yang terbuang dan emisi karbon akibat pemanenan hutan., Timber harvesting may damage the residual stands, soil and openness of forest areas. The damage of standing stands and the openness of forest areas cause a reduction in carbon absorption by forest-composing vegetation, which results in a decrease in carbon storage. This study aims to collect and analyze the results of research on the impact of forest harvesting on forest carbon in natural forest exploitation, as well as to compare the results of research that has been carried out. This study uses a systematic review method. The type of data collected in the form of Indonesian and English articles that have been published with the selected criteria are open-access articles. The results of a study showed that Reduced Impact Logging can maximize the amount of carbon stored after harvesting, reducing the amount of wasted carbon and carbon emissions due to forest harvesting.
Keyword: dampak pemanenan, karbon hutan, pemanenan, systematic review, forest carbon, forest harvesting impact, systematic review

Judul: Systematic Review: Environmentally Friendly Forest Harvesting in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Tinjauan Sistematis: Pemanenan Hutan Ramah Lingkungan di Indonesia. Dibimbing oleh AHMAD BUDIAMAN. Pemanenan kayu pada pengelolaan hutan alam masih menimbulkan permasalahan lingkungan. Teknik perencanaan serta pelaksanaan pemanenan kayu yang baik dan benar masih belum dipergunakan dalam pemanenan kayu di hutan alam Indonesia, sehingga dampak kerusakan yang ditimbulkan selama kegiatan pemanenan kayu masih tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui dan menghimpun hasil penelitian mengenai pemanenan hutan ramah lingkungan berdampak rendah serta mengevaluasi kinerja teknik Reduced Impact Logging. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode systematic review. Jenis data yang dikumpulkan berupa artikel berbahasa Indonesia maupun Inggris, yang bersifat open access sebanyak 28 jurnal. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemanenan kayu konvensional yang dilaksanakan selama ini dilakukan tanpa perencanaan yang baik, teknik pelaksanaan yang buruk dan lemahnya pengawasan menyebabkan kerusakan lingkungan yang besar, sedangkan pemanenan kayu dengan teknik Reduced Impact Logging lebih banyak disarankan untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan pemanenan hutan di berbagai Negara karena bersifat ramah lingkungan dan mampu meminimalkan kerusakan yang terjadi., Systematic Review: Environmentally Friendly Forest Harvesting in Indonesia. Supervised by AHMAD BUDIAMAN. Timber harvesting in natural forest management still causes environmental problems. Planning techniques and the implementation of good and correct timber harvesting are still not used in timber harvesting in Indonesia's natural forests, so the impact of damage caused during wood harvesting activities is still high. The purpose of this study is to find out and collect the results of research on environmentally friendly forest harvesting with a low impact and evaluate the performance of the Reduced Impact Logging technique. This study used the systematic Reviu method. The type of data collected is in the form of Articles in Indonesian and English, which are open access as many as 28 journals. The results showed that conventional wood harvesting carried out so far was carried out without good planning, poor implementation techniques and weak supervision caused great environmental damage, while wood harvesting with the Reduced Impact Logging technique was more widely recommended to be used in forest harvesting activities in various countries because it is environmentally friendly and able to minimize the damage that occurs.
Keyword: conventional, low impact harvesting, reduced impact logging, sustainable forest harvesting

Judul: Antibodi anti-idiotipe sebagai kandidat vaksin rabies, Anti-idiotype andibody as a rabies vaccine candidate
Abstrak: Anti rabies serum (ARS) called antibody 1 (Ab1) was used as the antigen to immunize laying chickens. Anti-Ab1 chicken immunoglobulins (IgY), the antiidiotype antibodies against rabies (Ab2) was isolated from chicken blood every week for ten weeks. The highest titer of Ab2 was found at the third week after the last immunization. Immunoglobulin Y was separated by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, then dialyzed using PBS pH 8.0 for 24 hours at 2 – 8 oC and purified using affinity chromatography column for IgY lead the proteins molecules with 185,000; 95,000 and 49,000 dalton in weigth. Purified IgY was used to immunize New Zealand White rabbit and the antibody response (Ab3) was detected using Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT). The Ab3 showed specific reaction with Ab2 as well as rabies virus. Interestingly, Ab2 and rabies virus express partial identity reaction. This lead the insight, that not all parts of Ab2 are internal image of rabies virus. The efficacy of Ab3 was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indicated that the level of Ab3 titer is protective according to WHO standard (more than 0.5 IU/ml). The conclusion of this study is the anti-idiotype antibody can induce protective immune response against rabies virus and can be used as an alternative for rabies anti-idiotype vaccine. Key words : anti-idiotype vaccine, antibody, rabies
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