Judul: Struktur Sekretori Beberapa Tanaman Obat Antikanker
Abstrak: Cancer is disease caused by the growth of abnormal tissue cells. Indonesia has a lot of medicinal plants which is believed to have anticancer effects are used to treat cancer. Some anticancer plants commonly used are Physalis angulata, Kaempferia rotunda rhizomes, Gynura pseudochina, Typhonium flagelliforme, Isotoma longiflora, and Annona muricata. Anticancer medicinal plants containing secondary metabolites such as compounds of the alkaloid, flavonoids, and these terpenoids. Secretory structures in anticancer medicinal plants have not been widely studied. Thus, research on the structure of the anticancer medicinal plant secretory is necessary to be carried out. The objective of this research was to explore information about secretory structure from plant organ which is used to anticancer medicinal material. Observations of secretory structures were conducted by making microscopic preparations. The results showed that the leaves of A. muricata, I. longiflora, K. rotunda rhizomes, and T. flagelliforme had secretory structures in the form of idioblast cells. Idioblast cell of A. muricata leaves contained in the palisade, whereas the idioblast cells in the I. longiflora leaves contained in the sponges. The idioblast cells in T. flagelliforme were distributed in sponges and tuber parenchyme. The idioblast cells in K. rotunda rhizomes were distributed at the cortex and pith. The leaves and stems of P. angulata plants have secretory structures such as glandular trichomes consisting of head cells and stalk cells. The glandular trichomes were found on the epidermis. The leaves of G. pseudochina have secretory structures in the form of asteraceae type glandular trichomes in the epidermis of leaves and idioblast cells containing the oil cells in the sponges. All secretory structures were found randomly distributed.
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Judul: Analysis on Secretory Structures and Histochemistry of Kitolod (Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don.)
Abstrak: Kitolod (Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don) merupakan tumbuhan obat yang tumbuh di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tumbuhan ini dimanfaatkan masyarakat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, seperti sakit mata, luka, anastesi lokal, dan obat kanker. Tumbuhan obat mengandung metabolit sekunder yang umumnya diproduksi, dan diakumulasi di berbagai macam struktur sekretori. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur sekretori pada tanaman kitolod, serta kandungan beberapa metabolit sekunder yang terdapat pada struktur sekretori tersebut melalui uji histokimia. Analisis struktur sekretori yang dilakukan pada sediaan paradermal, sayatan transversal dan longitudinal, meliputi identifikasi bentuk, letak, tipe, dan kerapatannya. Uji histokimia yang dilakukan meliputi uji alkaloid, lipofilik, terpenoid, fenolat, dan flavonoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan struktur sekretori yang ditemukan berupa Trikoma kelenjar uniseriat tipe 1 dan tipe 2, serta sel idioblas, yang mengandung berbagai metabolit sekunder. Selain itu, akumulasi senyawa tersebut juga ditemukan pada struktur yang tidak terspesialisasikan, seperti jaringan epidermis, parenkim, dan berkas pembuluh pada tangkai bunga, palisade dan bunga karang pada daun, berkas pembuluh pada batang, serta korteks, perisikel, parenkim, dan berkas pembuluh pada akar. Tanaman kilotod positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, lipofilik, terpenoid, fenolat, dan flavonoid. Kata kunci: idioblas, metabolit sekunder, tanaman obat, trikoma., Kitolod (Hippobroma longiflora (L.) G.Don.) is a medicinal plant that grows in tropical and subtropical areas. This plant is used by the community to treat various diseases, such as sore eyes, wounds, and as local anesthetics and cancer drugs. Medicinal plants contain secondary metabolites which are generally produced, and accumulated in various secretory structures. This study aimed to analyze the secretory structures in kitolod plants as well as several secondary metabolites contained in the secretory structures through histochemical tests. The secretory structure analysis carried out on the paradermal, transversal, and longitudinal sections, comprising of identification of their shape, location, type, and density. The histochemical tests carried out on alkaloids, lipophilics, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids. The results showed that the secretory structures found in kitolod plant were uniseriate glandular trichomes type 1 and type 2, as well as idioblast cells. In addition, the accumulation of secondary metabolites was also found in non-specialized structures, such as epidermis, parenchyme, and vascular bundle tissue of flower stalk; palisade and spongy parenchyme of leaves; vascular bundle of stems; as well as cortex, pericycle, parenchyme, and vascular bundle of roots. The histochemical test provided positive results for the compounds alkaloids, lipophilics, terpenoids, phenolics, and flavonoids.
Keyword: idioblasts, medicinal plant, secondary metabolite, trichome

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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