Judul: Pengaruh penyuntikan Freund's Complete Adjuvant dan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila galur virulen L38 terhadap ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias sp.) dewasa
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh FCA, dan FCA + bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila galur virulen L38; terhadap patologi makro pada ikan lele dumbo (Clarias sp.) dewasa dibandingkan dengan perlakuan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dan kontrol PBS (Phosfat Buffer Saline) steril, setelah dilak- ukan uji tantang dengan bakteri galur yang sama. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Agustus sampai Nopember 1993, bertempat di Laboratorium Basah, BIO- TROP-BOGOR. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah lele dumbo (Clarias sp.) dewasa dengan bobot rata-rata 150 gram, yang telah diaklimatisasi selama 1 minggu sebelum digunakan. Bakteri uji Aeromonas hydrophila galur virulen L38 dibiakkan pada agar miring TSA. Setelah 18-24 jam dilakukan pemanenan dengan larutan PBS steril dan dibuat suspensi dengan dosis 104 cfu/ml dan 106 cfu/ml. Pada penyuntikan I (PI), ikan perlakuan U disuntik dengan campuran FCA dan suspensi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila (1:1) dengan konsentrasi 10 cfu/ml. Pada penyuntikan II (PII) dan penyuntikan III (PIII) disuntik dengan suspensi bakteri ber- turut-turut 10 dan 10º cfu/ml. Ikan kontrol bakteri (K₂) pada PI, PII dan PIII di suntik dengan suspensi bakteri dengan dosis berturut-turut 104, 104 dan 10º cfu/ml. Untuk Ikan kontrol FCA (K₁), pada PI disuntik dengan FCA dan pada PII dan PIII dengan larutan PBS steril. Ikan kontrol PBS (K) pada PI, PII dan PIII disuntik dengan larutan PBS steril. Pengamatan setelah PI dilakukan setiap 3 jam (1 hari), setiap 6 jam (2 hari), setiap 12 jam (4 hari), setiap 24 jam (8 hari) dan setiap 48 jam (6 hari). Setelah PII, pengamatan dilakukan setiap 6 jam (2 hari), setiap 12 jam (4 ..dst
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Judul: Pengaruh penyuntikan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila galur virulen setelah dilakukan penyuntikan dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila  galur non virulen terhadap ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias sp.)
Abstrak: Penyakit merupakan salah satu faktor penghambat dalam mening- katkan produksi ikan lele, seperti yang terjadi ketika adanya wabah penyakit bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada akhir tahun 1980. Pencegahan penyakit ini bisa dilakukan dengan cara vaksinasi sehingga ikan akan mempunyai kekebalan terhadap penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuntikan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila galur non virulen dalam meningkatkan ketahanan ikan lele dumbo terhadap bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila galur virulen. Parameter yang diamati adalah akumulasi kematian ikan, kelainan klinis, respon pemberian makan, penimbangan bobot ikan sebelum pe- nyuntikan, kelainan organ dalam dan pengukuran perubahan kualitas air. Ikan uji sebanyak 45 ekor dan dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kontrol, perlakuan 1 dan perlakuan 2. Ikan kontrol pada penyuntikan I, II dan III disuntik dengan larutan PBS. Jkan perlakuan 1 pada penyuntikan I dan II disuntik dengan larutan PBS; sedangkan pada penyuntikan III disuntik dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila galur virulen 105 cfu/ml. Ikan perlakuan 2 pada penyuntikan I dan II disuntik dengan bakteri Aero- monas hydrophila galur non virulen 106 cfu/ml; sedangkan pada penyuntikan III disuntik dengan bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila galur virulen 10 cfu/ml. Pengamatan setelah penyuntikan I dilakukan selama 21 hari, ..dst
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite