Judul: Modifikasi Secara In Silico terhadap Senyawa Kapsaisin Sebagai Inhibitor Protein Antiapoptosis Bcl-2 pada Sel Kanker Pankreas
Abstrak: Kanker pankreas merupakan penyakit yang mematikan karena penderita kanker ini sulit dideteksi sejak dini. Mekanisme terjadinya kanker pankreas terjadi dengan berbagai macam mekanisme, salah satunya ialah melalui protein Bcl-2. Navitoclax (ABT-263) menjadi satu-satunya obat yang masih dalam tahapan praklinis yang terbukti dapat menginhibisi protein Bcl-2, namun, belum memenuhi aturan lipinski. Modifikasi senyawa kapsaisin merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan efektivitas antikanker kapsaisin. Metode docking digunakan untuk mengetahui potensi aktivitas senyawa turunan hasil modifikasi. Parameter-parameter percobaan yang digunakan meliputi perubahan energi bebas Gibbs (ΔG), tetapan inhibisi (Ki), ikatan hidrogen, aturan Lipinski, dan toksisitas ligan. Berdasarkan parameter tersebut senyawa hasil modifikasi nomor 89 memiliki potensi antikanker yang hampir sama seperti ABT-263.
Keyword: kanker, kapsaisin, lipinski, bcl-2

Judul: Inhibisi Senyawa Bahan Alam pada Protein Antiapoptosis Sel Kanker Pankreas melalui Pendekatan In Silico
Abstrak: Kanker pankreas merupakan jenis tumor ganas yang sangat mematikan. Penderita kanker pankreas umumnya ditangani dengan kemoradioterapi dan obat gemsitabin, namun masih belum memberikan hasil klinis yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan potensi senyawa bahan alam sebagai inhibitor protein antiapoptosis sel kanker pankreas berdasarkan energi bebas Gibbs (ΔG), konstanta inhibisi, interaksi hidrogen, dan toksisitas senyawa bahan alam secara in silico. Jumlah senyawa bahan alam yang berpotensi menjadi obat kanker sangat banyak, sehingga penelitian di laboratorium secara satu-per-satu terhadap senyawa bahan alam tersebut sangat tidak efisien dari segi waktu dan biaya. Oleh karena itu, untuk mengefisienkan hal tersebut digunakan metode komputasi. Hasil dari inhibisi beberapa senyawa bahan alam dengan standar gemsitabin terhadap protein antiapoptosis menyatakan bahwa brusein D merupakan senyawa yang sangat berpotensi menjadi obat kanker pankreas ditinjau dari segi energi bebas Gibbs, jumlah interaksi hidrogen, dan toksisitasnya.
Keyword: in silico, kanker pankreas, protein antiapoptoss, senyawa bahan alam

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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