Judul: Flavonoid of Zanthoxylum achanthopodium Fruit as an Antioxidant and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors
Abstrak: Diabetes Mellitus could be caused by the presence of free radicals which damaged the pancreas cell membrane. Previous research showed that extract of andaliman (Zanthoxylum acantophodium DC.) fruit possessed activity as antioxidant. However, there has been no scientific report concerning its activities as antidiabetic. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the in vitro mechanism of Z. acantophodium fruit extract as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitor. Andaliman macerated by four solvents, namely n-hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water, as solvent for extraction. Antioxidant activity was measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azinobis -3- ethylbenzathiazolin -6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) method, and inhibition of enzyme α-glucosidase using substrate p-nitrofeyl-α-D-glucopyranoside. Results of this research showed that methanol extract had the highest activities, both as antioxidant and α-glucosidase inhibitor. This extract was separated by column chromatography yielded six fractions (A-F). The most active fraction as α-glucosidase inhibitor was fraction C and for antioxidant was fraction E. These two fractions were further separated using preparative thin layer chromatography. The best antioxidants with DPPH method was fraction E2 (IC50 137.46 ppm), for ABTS method was crude methanol extract (IC50 30.04 ppm), while for α-glucosidase inhibitors was the fraction C (IC50 16 ppm). Based on the results of data analysis by Infrared and UV-Vis, showed that the main active compound contained in fraction C2 and E2 were the of aurones and flavanones of flavanoid group.
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Judul: Aktivitas antioksidan dan immunostimulan ekstrak Buah Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium DC.)
Abstrak: Salah satu potensi kekayaan alam Indonesia yang perlu dikembangkan adalah golongan rempah-rempah, terutama yang masih tergolong tanaman liar. Dalam masyarakat Batak (Mandailing dan Angkola) dikenal rempah yang tergolong tanaman liar yakni andaliman (Mandailing) atau sinyar-nyar (Angkola) (Znnthoxylum aca?zihopodium DC.). Andaliman ini memiliki sifat khas yaitu efek menggetarkan dan meningkatkan sekresi air liur, umumnya digunakan sebagai bumbu dalam sejenis makanan tradisional Batak yang terkenal dengan nama "naniura" yaitu sejenis makanan berbahan baku ikan yang diolah dengan pengasaman 24 jam. Andaliman juga banyak digunakan masyarakat Himalaya, Tibet dan sekitarnya sebagai bahan aromatik, perangsang nafsu makan dan obat sakit perut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan ekstrak buah andaliman (Za~iihoxylz~m aca~lihopodiurn DC.) secara kimia (dengan metode tiosianat), dan mengetahui aktivitas immunostimulan pada sel limfosit manusia serta makrofag mencit. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode tiosianat dilakukan pada ekstrak soxhlet dan maserasi. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa aktivitas ekstrak soxhlet lebih baik daripada ekstrak maserasi. Aktivitas antioksidan andaliman hasil ekstraksi secara soxhlet lebih tinggi dari a-tokoferol namun masih sedikit lebih rendah dibandingkan BHT, dengan faktor protektif a-tokoferol, andaliman, BHT berturut-turut : 3.99, 4.34 dan 4.73.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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