Judul: Optimasi Proses Formulasi Minuman Nanoemulsi Minyak Sawit
Abstrak: Minyak sawit memiliki kandungan β-karoten yang tinggi sehingga sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan menjadi produk minuman emulsi yang dapat menjadi sumber vitamin A, dalam rangka mengatasi angka kebutaan dan kurang vitamin A (KVA) di Indonesia. Nanoemulsi dengan sistem emulsi minyak dalam air (o/w) merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk meningkatkan kelarutan dan stabilitas komponen bioaktif yang terdapat dalam minyak sawit. Pada tahap awal penelitian ini dilakukan percobaan untuk mencari tekanan dan jumlah pengumpanan balik (passing) untuk dapat menghasilkan nanoemulsi terbaik dengan ukuran partikel (d50) kurang dari 200 nm. Berdasarkan hasil percobaan, tekanan 300 Bar dengan 5 passing sudah cukup untuk memenuhi spesifikasi tersebut. Selanjutnya dilakukan proses optimasi formula minuman nanoemulsi dengan menggunakan program Design Expert 7.0 dengan metode Mixture DOptimal. Terdapat tiga faktor formula yang digunakan yaitu konsentrasi nanoemulsi 1-10%, air 59-88%, dan high fructose syrup (HFS) 10-30% terhadap respon kestabilan emulsi, ukuran partikel d 50, konsentrasi β-karoten, dan warna (L dan °Hue). Proses optimasi menghasilkan formula terbaik dengan konsentrasi nanoemulsi 6%, air 83%, dan HFS 10% dengan solusi prediksi nilai kestabilan emulsi 99.22%, ukuran partikel d50 46.68 nm, kadar β-karoten 5 ppm, kecerahan warna (L) 67.62, dan °Hue 79.80.
Keyword: ukuran partikel, Mixture D-optimal, β-karoten, Nanoemulsi, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Formulasi Nanoemulsi Minyak Sawit dengan High-Pressure Homogenizer
Abstrak: Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. One of the palm oil derivative products is palm oil emulsion as its β-carotene solubility in water is low and easily degraded through processing. The use of nanotechnology in the manufacture of palm oil nano emulsion can improve its solubility in water, its bioavailibility in the digestive tract, and emulsion stability. This study observed the effect of emulsifier Tween 20 and Tween 80 as much as 10% and 30% (w/w) oil base and chitosan 0%, 0.5%, and 1% (w/v) emulsion base to the particle size and stability. The use of Tween 80 provided better particle size and stability of β-carotene than the use of Tween 20. The use of an emulsifier at a concentration of 30% showed a smaller particle size compared with the use of a concentration of 10%. The use of chitosan to 1% can increase the size of the particles and prevent oiling off, but can accelerate the aggregation of the emulsion, compared to 0.5% chitosan use. The selected formula is the use of 30% Tween 80 and 0.5% chitosan.
Keyword: β-carotene, particle size, nanoemulsion, emulsifier, chitosan

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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