Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The influence man has exerted over domestic animals is to make them better serve his wants. On the other hand animals differ widely in their ability to thrive and to perform efficiently under a given set of conditions. This difference in adaptability can be traced back to their origin, where they were developed. Geographic location together with its climatic conditions had selected animals which wore adapted to those environments. After domestication natural selection was followed by artificial selection employed by man to develop individuals with most desirable features. More progress has boon attained in countries with temperate climate, consequently most highly specialized livestock are to be found in those regions. Very slow progress is observed in tropical countries with regerous conditions. Since the performance of livestock in the tropics is relatively low, man is apt to import animals with high producing ability from the temperate zones. This is particularly true of dairy cattle, but it holds also for other producers of animal protein (beef cattle, swine or poultry). In general the adaptability to the now environmental condition: which are markedly different from those in the native home of the imported animals, was not seriously taken into consideration. This point had been frequently overlooked in attempts to improve the quality or productivity of stock in a given arca. As a result much time, effort, and money have been expended, quite often with disappointing results.
Keyword: Animal husbandry, Veterinary, Breeding cattle

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Dairy cattle farming represent one of environment pollution sources in agricultural sector. Most of dairy farming's in Indonesia are managed in the forms of small holder farming's that give more attention to productivity rather than ecological concerns. The purpose of this study was to make models and their behavior of dairy cattle animal waste pollution on clean water quality and degree of smell at several regions with different natural physical and economic social conditions. This study also investigated the animal waste management that match with the farmer's condition in each region. Model compiled based on to component situation of livestock, environment and farmers condition. Data obtained from result of field observation, laboratory analysis and literature and also statistical of relevant institution. Determination of regional sarnpel of sub-province or town until chosen countryside conducted with multistage sampling without randomization (purposive sampling). Model simulation with program of Powesim 2 . 5 ~ . Based on the result of research can be concluded that 1) low natural physical region and low economic social condition had animal waste can to pollute of environment, 2) The waste management for the region with high natural physical and high economic social of bio gas, for regional with high natural phwical and lw social economics is by selling waste go out ranch location, composting for the region with low natural physical and high economic social, and composting accompanied by removing to excess of animal waste for regional with low natural physical and low economic social, 3) high natural physical region had the potential to realize sustainable small holder dairy cattle, while low natural physical region the availibility of water and forage represent aspect which need to get attention.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4