Judul: Mempelajari alat pencernaan dan reproduksi pada salah satu spesies kanguru Irian
Abstrak: Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pemuliaan dan Genetika Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan IPB dan Kebun Binatang Ragunan Jakarta pada bulan Maret-Mei 1998. Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa dua ekor kanguru betina yang telah dibekukan dan 15 ekor kanguru yang terdapat di Ragunan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari alat pencernaan dan reproduksi serta mengenal salah satu spesies kanguru yang terdapat di Irian, data yang didapat diharapkan dapat dijadikan data dasar untuk penelitian yang lebih spesifik dalam bidang peternakan. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan memperhatikan ciri-ciri tubuh (kepala, badan dan ekor), ukuran tubuh, penyebaran dan warna bulu untuk menentukan genus dan spesiesnya serta mengukur dan mengamati bentuk alat pencernaan dan reproduksi kanguru. Penelitian ini menghasilkan data dasar tentang Macropus agilis, khususnya data morfologis, alat pencernaan dan alat reproduksi. Sebagai tindak lanjut perlu dilakukan penelitian yang meliputi bidang anatomi, genetika, tingkah laku, pakan dan lainnya sehingga hewan ini siap dibudidayakan.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mencari informais dasar mengenai aspek-aspek yang berakitan dengan biologi reproduksi kambing Kacang jantan antar lain : umur dan bobot badan saat mencapai dewasa kelamindan dewasa tubuh, produksi semen, ukuran dan morfologi sperma, pola perkembangan kuantitas dan kualitas semen, perkembangan testes. Hubungan lingkar testes dan bobot badan dengan jumlah sperma yang diejakulasikan, kalakuan kelamin, pengaruh cara penampungan terhadap kuantitas dan kualitas semen, dan ukuran alat kelamin jantan. Untuk tujuan tersebut dilakukan pengamatan terhadap 10 ekor kambing Kacang jantan yang baru disapih selama dua tahun. Semua kambing di beri perlakuan sama dan tingkah laku reproduksi kambing setiap minggu diamati.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm