Judul: Differences in the Sheeps Breed on the Profile of Flavour and Odor Content Profile of Sheeps in Indonesia
Abstrak: Profil kandungan flavour dan odor dalam daging domba dipengaruhi berbagai faktor genetik, salah satunya rumpun domba. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan profil flavour dan odor daging domba dan kaitannya dengan rumpun domba di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan 50 ekor domba jantan dari tiga rumpun domba yaitu Domba Ekor Gemuk, Domba Ekor Tipis, dan Domba Jonggol. Data penelitian dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dan analisis uji lanjut Tukey/HSD (honestly Significant difference). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rumpun domba berpengaruh secara signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap komponen flavour dan odor meliputi, MOA (4-Methyloctanoic acid), EOA (4-Ethyloctanoic acid), MNA (4- Methylnonanoic acid), MP (3-Methylphenol), dan MI (3-Methylindole). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu domba ekor gemuk dan domba ekor tipis memiliki kandungan flavour dan odor yang rendah., The flavor and odor content profile in sheep meat is influenced by various genetic factors, one of which is the breed of sheep. The study aims of this research is to analyze the differences in flavour and odor content profile an the relation with Indonesian sheep breeds. This study used 50 rams from three sheep breeds, namely Fat Tail Sheep, Thin Tail Sheep, and Jonggol Sheep. The research data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and and further analysis is the Tukey test/ HSD (honestly Significant difference). The research results show that the sheep breed had a significant effect (P<0,05) on the components of flavor and odor including, MOA (4-Methyloctanoic acid), EOA (4-Ethyloctanoic acid), MNA (4-Methylnonanoic acid), MP (3-Methylphenol), and MI (3-Methylindole). This study concluded that fat tail sheep and short tailed sheep have a low content of flavour and odor profile.
Keyword: odor, sheep, flavour

Judul: Polymorphisms OLFML3 and ADH1C Gene and its Association with Cholesterol, Minerals, Flavor and Odor in Indonesian Local Sheeps.
Abstrak: Perbaikan genetik kandungan kolesterol, mineral, flavor dan odor perlu dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan penerimaan masyarakat terhadap daging domba. Gen olfactomedin-like 3 (OLFML3) dan alkohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) merupakan penanda potensial yang memengaruhi kandungan kolesterol, mineral, flavor dan odor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme dan asosiasi gen OLFML3 dan ADH1C dengan kadar kolesterol, mineral, flavor dan odor pada domba Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan DNA dari 223 ekor domba jantan dengan rentang usia 10-12 bulan. Tes PCR-RFLP dan General Linear Model digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi polimorfisme dan asosiasi gen OLFML3|MspI dan ADH1C|FspI. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa polimorfisme gen OLFML3 (TT, CC, dan CT) dan gen ADH1C (GG dan CG). Hubungan yang signifikan (P<0,05) dengan kandungan kolesterol ditemukan pada gen OLFML3 dengan genotipe TT memiliki kandungan kolesterol paling rendah. Asosiasi gen OLFML3 dan ADH1C menunjukkan tidak adanya hubungan yang signifikan (P>0,05) antara komponen mineral (Fe, Zn, K, dan Se). Gen ADH1C menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan (P<0,05) dengan 4-methyloctanoic (MOA) dan 4- methylnonanoic (MNA) dengan genotipe GG memiliki kandungan flavor dan odor paling rendah. OLFML3 dengan SNP g.90317673 C>T dan ADH1C dengan SNP g.25288858 C>G memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai penanda genetik potensial seleksi daging domba rendah kolesterol, flavor dan odor., Genetic improvement of cholesterol, minerals, flavor and odor content should be developed to increase consumers acceptance of sheep meat. The olfactomedin-like 3 (OLFML3) and alkohol dehydrogenase 1C (ADH1C) genes are potential markers to affect cholesterol, minerals, flavor and odor of Indonesian sheep. The aim of this study was to identify the polymorphisms and associations between the OLFML3 and ADH1C genes and the level of cholesterol, minerals, flavor and odor. This study used DNA from 223 rams, ranging in age from 10-12 months. PCR-RFLP and General Linear Model tests were utilized to identify polymorphisms and associations of OLFML3|MspI and ADH1C|FspI. The results demonstrated the polymorphisms (TT, CC, and CT) of the OLFML3 gene and (GG and CG) of the ADH1C gene. A significant (P<0.05) association with cholesterol was found by OLFML3 analysis with the TT genotype had the lowest cholesterol. OLFML3 and ADH1C gene association showed no significant (P>0.05) between minerals. The ADH1C showed a significant (P<0.05) association with 4- methyloctanoic (MOA) and 4-methylnonanoic (MNA) with the GG genotype had the lowest flavor and odor. OLFML3 with SNP g.90317673 C>T and ADH1C with SNP g.25288858 C>G can be a potential marker for selecting lower cholesterol, flavor and odor in Indonesian sheeps.
Keyword: ADH1C, Cholesterol, Flavor and Odor, Minerals, OLFML3

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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