Judul: Rekayasa proses sintesa nano seng oksida dari hasil samping industri galvanis sebagai bionanokomposit untuk kemasan antimikroba.
Abstrak: Galvanizing industry is an developer where fulfill metal-based product requirement in the society. Generally, galvanizing industry is involving plating process to avoid corrosion, with zinc is the metal commonly used for the purpose. This industry produces seng dross as byproduct that still contains zinc of 96.57%. Seng dross could be utilized using hydrometallugical method with glacial acetic acid extraction which would produce zinc acetate that could act as precursor. One of the materials commonly used in nanotechnology is nano zinc oxide. Zinc oxide nano particle is having antimicrobial properties. Zinc oxide nano particle could be used as additive that has antimicrobial effect of packaging, to prolong shelf life of product without addition of preservatives. Packaging material used is natural polymer of bionanocomposite. This material could be degraded and safe for the environment. The aims of this research are to obtain zinc acetate extraction process from zinc dross, obtaining method and process condition of zinc oxide nano particle synthesis, to produce nano particle of zinc oxide, to obtain the formulation of bionanocomposite containing zinc oxide, and to obtain the formulation of bionanocomposite antimicrobial packaging. This research was conducted in several stages, namely: (1) Zinc dross extraction into zinc acetate. Three variables were used in this process, namely temperature (130o C, 150o C,and 170o C), acetic acid concentration (20%, 40% and 60%), and processing time (1, 2, and 3 hours). (2) Nano zinc oxide synthesis, using combined method of sol-gel,sonochemistry and calcination. Variables used were pH (8, 10, and 12), sonication time (45, 60, and 75 minutes). (3) Bionanocomposite production process. Variables used were polyvinyl alcohol concentration (0.5%, 1%, and 1.5%) and nano zinc oxide (0.05%, 0.10% and 0.15%). In application test, nano zinc oxide acts as antimicrobial compound on fresh meat packaging, using variables of zinc oxide nanoparticles (0%, 1%, 2%, 3% and 4%), and storage time (2, 4, 6, and 8 days) Results show that optimum condition of seng dross extraction on glacial acetic acid was at 130o C, acetic acid concentration 60% and processing time of 1 hour. This condition gives zinc acetate with zinc content of 75.39% and solubility of 99%. Optimum process condition of nano zinc oxide production was pH 10 and sonication time of 60 minutes. This condition produces zinc oxide nano particle with size of 120 nm, nanorod shapes, regular and homogenous, and containing zinc 87.31%. Optimum condition of bionanocomposite development was at polyvinyl alcohol concentration of 1.0%, and nano zinc oxide concentration of 0.10%. On application of bionanocomposite as antimicrobial packaging the optimum condition was nano zinc oxide concentration of 2% and storage time of 8 days. Antimicrobial bionanocompositepackaging material composition is found on the ration of tapioca : carrageenan : glycerol : polyvinyl alcohol : nano zinc oxide is 5 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 : 2. Application of antimicrobial bionanocomposite packaging material for fresh meat show that after 8 days in temperature of 9o C, the aroma and color organoleptic properties was maintain at good quality. Increase in pH was observed, therefore no E. coli bacteria was growing.
Keyword: zinc dross, nano zinc oxide, bionanocomposite, antimicrobial

Judul: Film Berbasis Pati Beras Diinkorporasi dengan Nanopartikel ZnO
Abstrak: This study aimed to develop rice starch-based antimicrobial film with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) incorporation. ZnO-NPs were synthesized by hydrothermal method and their formation was confirmed by using XRD analysis. The synthesized ZnO-NPs showed an average diameter size of 79.25 ± 0.69 nm with spherical shape under the scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nanoparticles were tested against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli at different concentrations (1, 3, and 5 %, w/v) and found effective against both microorganisms. The ZnO-NPs (3 %, w/w) was selected for the incorporation into rice starch-based (5 %) antimicrobial film with sorbitol as plasticizer via solution casting method. Physical, mechanical, chemical and antimicrobial properties of the films were examined. Presence and distribution of nanoparticles in the film were confirmed with SEM and FTIR. Incorporation of ZnO-NPs significantly decreased (p<0.05) the transparency (2.64 ± 0.01), solubility (19.24 ± 0.78 %), WVP (0.04 ± 0.00 x 10-10 g m/m2 Pa s), and elongation at break (37.18 ± 2.71 %), while increased the lightness (89.72 ± 0.04) and tensile strength (9.14 ± 0.75 MPa) of the film were observed (p<0.05). The rice starch/ZnO-NPs film showed antibacterial activity against tested bacteria. These results suggest that rice starch/ZnO-NPs film had the potential to be used as an active packaging material. Keywords: antimicrobial packaging, nanocomposite film, nanoparticles, rice starch, zinc oxide, Studi bertujuan untuk mengembangkan film anti mikroba berbasis pati beras diinkorporasi dengan nano partikel ZnO (ZnO-NPs). ZnO-NPs disintesis dengan metode hidrotermal dan pembentukannya dikonfirmasi dengan menggunakan analisis XRD. ZnO-NPs yang disintesis menunjukkan ukuran diameter rata-rata 79.25 ± 0.69 nm dengan bentuk bulat dengan analisis SEM. Aktivitas antimikroba ZnO-NPs diuji terhadap bakteri Gram-positif dan Gram-negatif; Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli pada konsentrasi yang berbeda (1, 3, dan 5%, b/v) dan efektif terhadap kedua mikroorganisme. ZnO-NPs (3%, b/b) dipilih untuk diinkorporasikan ke dalam film anti mikroba berbasis pati beras (5%) dengan sorbitol sebagai plasticizer dengan metode solution casting. Sifat fisik, mekanik, kimia dan anti mikroba dari film diuji. Keberadaan dan distribusi partikel nano padafilm dikonfirmasi dengan SEM dan FTIR. Inkorporasi ZnO-NPs pada film berbasis pati beras secara signifikan menurunkan (p<0.05) transparansi film (2.64 ± 0.01), kelarutan film (19.24 ± 0.78 %), WVP (0.04 ± 0.00 x 10-10 g m/m2 Pa), dan elongation at break (37.18 ± 2.71 %), sementara terjadi peningkatan kecerahan film (89.72 ± 0.04) dan kekuatan tarik film (9.14 ± 0.75 MPa) (p <0.05). Film berbasis pati beras dengan inkorporasi ZnO-NPs menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap bakteri yang diuji. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa film pati beras / ZnO-NPs memiliki potensi untuk digunakan sebagai bahan kemasan aktif. Kata kunci: film antimikroba, film nanokomposit, nanopartikel, pati beras, seng oksida
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Antimicrobial packaging, Nanocomposite film, Hidrotermal, Sorbitol, Inkorporasi

Judul: Warna bulu kucing ras Persia : variasi pola warna dan pewarisannya
Abstrak: Kucing Persia merupakan kucing ras yang paling umum dijumpai di Indonesia. Kucing Persia memiliki bulu yang panjang dengan variasi warna bulu yang sangat beragam. Perkawinan yang lebih terarah sangat perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas genetik warna dan pola warna bulu kucing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari variasi warna dan pola warna bulu kucing Persia yang terdapat di Indonesia, yang dilakukan di kantor pusat Cat Fancy Indonesia mulai bulan Oktober 2000 sampai Januari 2001. Data yang digunakan merupakan data pedigree kucing Persia yang tercatat di Cat Fancy Indonesia dari tahun 1997 sampai Oktober 2001 yang terdiri dari 187 jantan dan 258 betina, selain itu juga dilakukan pengamatan langsung kepada tiga penyayang dan breeder kucing yang ada di Bandung. Secara umum tercatat 104 penyayang dan breeder kucing ras di Indonesia, 74,04% terdapat di Jawa Barat dan sisanya (25%) terdapat di daerah Jakarta. Jumlah kucing Persia yang lahir di Indonesia adalah 387 kucing (87,16%), yang terdiri dari 163 (42,12%) jantan dan 224 (57,88%) betina. Jumlah kucing Persia yang diimpor ke Indonesia adalah sebanyak 57 (12,845%) yang terdiri dari 23 (40,35%) jantan dan 34 (59,65%) betina. Jumlah kucing Persia yang terdapat di Jawa Barat (84,14%) lebih banyak dibanding jumlah kucing Persia yang ada di Jakarta (14,86%). Secara umum warna bulu cream (9,01%) dan pola warna solid (34,01%) memiliki persentase tertinggi. Warna cream merupakan warna dilusi dari warna merah (red) yang dapat dihasilkan dari berbagai macam kombinasi warna bulu yang dimiliki tetua sebelumnya, sebagai contoh dari perkawinan tetua yang memiliki warna bulu cream dengan red smoke. Perkawinan antara tetua yang memiliki warna dan pola warna bulu yang tidak murni dapat menghasilkan turunan yang memiliki warna dan pola warna bulu yang bervariasi.
Keyword: