Judul: Induction of Polyploidy Grammatophyllum speciosum Mutation with Colchicine on In Vitro at Different Consentrations and Duration of Immersion
Abstrak: Anggrek Grammatophyllum speciosum merupakan spesies anggrek yang banyak digunakan sebagai tanaman hias dan bisa digunakan sebagai obat. Keragaman genetik diharapkan mampu ditingkatkan dengan penggunaan kolkisin untuk tujuan perakitan varietas baru yang lebih unggul. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh interaksi konsentrasi dengan lama perendaman kolkisin pada tingkat ploidi anggrek Grammatophyllum speciosum berdasarkan pengamatan morfologi dan histologi. Induksi mutasi dengan kolkisin dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak (RKLT) 2 faktor, yaitu konsentrasi kolkisin dan lama perendaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 0,01% dan 0,02% kolkisin selama 2 jam menghasilkan pertumbuhan protocorm sekunder dan tunas terbaik. Interaksi konsentrasi kolkisin dan lama perendaman berpengaruh terhadap jumlah kloroplas, kerapatan stomata, dan ukuran stomata. Konsentrasi kolkisin dan lama perendaman meningkatkan jumlah kloroplas dan ukuran stomata, serta menurunkan kerapatan stomata. Jumlah kloroplas terbanyak diperoleh dari perlakuan kolkisin 0,04% selama 48 jam. Kerapatan stomata terendah dihasilkan dari perlakuan kosentrasi kolkisin 0,04% selama 24 jam. Ukuran stomata terbesar dihasilkan dari perlakuan kolkisin 0,06% selama 2 jam (panjang stomata) dan 0,06% selama 48 jam (lebar stomata)., Grammatophyllum speciosum orchid is an orchid species which is widely used as an ornamental plant and also medicine. Genetic diversity is expected to be increased by using colchicine to create new, superior varieties. The objective of this research is examine the effect of concentration and duration of immersion colchicine on the ploidy level of Grammatophyllum speciosum orchids based on morphological and histological observations. Mutation induction with colchicine was carried out using a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 2 factors; colchicine concentration and duration of immersion. The results showed that 0.01% and 0.02% colchicine for 2 hours is the optimum treatment for secondary protocorm and shoot growth. The interaction of colchicine concentration and duration of immersion were affected to the numbers of stomatal chloroplasts, size and stomatal density. Colchicine consentration and duration of immersion increased the number of stomatal chloroplasts and size, also decreased stomatal density. The highest number of chloroplasts was obtained from 0.04% colchicine treatment for 48 hours immersion, followed by the lowest stomata density which in 0.04% colchicine concentration for 42 hours immersion. The largest stomatal size was obtained from 0.06% colchicine treatment for 2 hours (stomatal length) and 0.06% for 48 hours (stomatal width).
Keyword: colchicine, concentration, duration of soaking, Grammatophyllum speciosum, mutation

Judul: Induksi Mutasi Melalui Penggandaan Kromosom Nilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth.) Varietas Sidikalang dengan Kolkisin secara In Vitro
Abstrak: The research aimed to study the in vitro genetic mutation induction through chromosome doubling of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) using colchicine. This research was conducted from February 2011 toDecember 2011 at Biotechnology and Micro Technique Laboratory, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, IPB, Bogor. The research was used factorial design which arranged with Completely Randomized Design. The research was consist of 2 factors, concentrations of colchicine (0 %, 0,02 %, 0.04 % and 0.06 %) and the long immersion with colchicine (24 hours, 48 hours, and 72 hours). The experiment showed that consentrations of colchicine (0.02%, 0.04%, and 0.06%) were significantly affected to increase number of shoots, leaves, chloroplast, stomatas and size of stomata.Concentration of 0.04 % colchicine with 24 immer was produced the highest number of shoots and leave. Concentration of 0.02 % colchicine was produced the highest number of chloroplasts per cell and the lowest density of stomata Concentration of 0.06 % of colchicine and 48 hours immersion was produced the biggest size of stomata. Concentration 0.06 % colchicine with 24 hours immersion and concentration 0.04% colchicine with 72 hour immersion gained chimera. Few shoots had different number of leaves per bud than control. This experiment also can increased phenotypic variance of number shoots and leaves. Concentration of 0.02 % colchicine with 72 hours immersion has the highest coefficent of phenotypic variance and concentration of 0 % colchicine with 24 hours immersion has the lowest coefficient of phenotypic variance. Potential mutant plants which are produced 1189 plants.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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