Judul: Mapping of Road Pavement Conditions on Jalan Raya
Cikampak Cicadas to Jalan Segog Pamijahan
Abstrak: Jalan memiliki peran yang penting dalam menunjang kelancaran aktivitas masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis dan tingkat kerusakan dari perkerasan jalan dan drainase serta menentukan rekomendasi penanganan untuk perkerasan jalan dengan metode Bina Marga. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukan jenis kerusakan dengan luas permukaan terbesar adalah retak memanjang dengan luas total 582,44 m2, dan retak lateral adalah kerusakan dengan luas permukaan terkecil, yaitu 6,27 m2. Tingkat kerusakan cukup tinggi dialami oleh 18 segmen jalan, yang ditandai dengan perolehan nilai kondisi jalan 7. Rekomendasi berupa pemeliharaan rutin, pemeliharaan berkala dan penambahan secara berturut-turut pada drainase sisi timur 27, 18, dan 10 segmen sedangkan pada drainase sisi barat 35, 14, dan 6 segmen. Rekomendasi penanganan pada jalan diperoleh hasil 10 segmen jalan memerlukan pemeliharaan rutin, 26 segmen jalan memerlukan pemeliharaan berkala dan 19 segmen jalan memerlukan peningkatan dengan biaya penanganan yang diperlukan secara berturut-turut Rp 39.857.105, Rp Rp 302.529.219 dan Rp 1.719.020.425., Roads have an important role in supporting the smooth running of community activities. Therefore, this research aims to identify the type and level of damage to road pavement and drainage and determine treatment recommendations for road pavement using the Bina Marga method. The results of the research show that the type of damage with the largest surface area is longitudinal cracks with a total area of 582.44 m2, and lateral cracks are damage with the smallest surface area, namely 6.27 m2. A fairly high level of damage was experienced by 18 road segments, which was indicated by obtaining a road condition score of 7. Recommendations in the form of routine maintenance, periodic maintenance and successive additions on the east side drainage were 27, 18 and 10 segments while on the west side drainage it was 35, 14, and 6 segments. Recommendations for road handling were obtained as a result of 10 road segments requiring routine maintenance, 26 road segments requiring periodic maintenance and 19 road segments requiring improvement with the required handling costs being Rp 39.857.105, Rp 302.529.219 and Rp 1.719.020.425.
Keyword: drainase, kerusakan jalan, pemeliharaan, jalan

Judul: Evaluation of Road Pavement Damage using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Method
Abstrak: Penurunan kualitas akan berdampak dengan kenyamanan dan keamanan pengguna jalan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya perbaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai PCI serta memberikan solusi perbaikan untuk setiap jenis kerusakan. Metode ini dipilih karena dapat menilai kondisi perkerasan menurut jenis dan tingkat kerusakan dan berguna untuk pekerjaan pemeliharaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Jalan Alternatif IPB sepanjang 500 m dengan lebar 4 m yang dibagi menjadi 10 section. Terdapat 6 jenis kerusakan disepanjang 500 m jalan yang diteliti, seperti kerusakan lubang, ambles, retak memanjang, tambalan, bahu turun, dan retak tepi. Nilai akhir PCI pada Jalan Alternatif IPB sepanjang 500 m sebesar 69,4 sehingga masuk dalam kategori sedang. Solusi perbaikan untuk setiap kerusakan tidaklah sama. Penambalan permukaan dan penambalan seluruh kedalaman dapat digunakan untuk perbaikan semua jenis kerusakan, kecuali bahu turun. Bahu turun harus diperbaiki dengan perataan kembali serta bahu diurug. Micro surfacing digunakan untuk perbaikan ambles tingkat kerusakan medium. Penutup retak cocok diterapkan pada kerusakan retak memanjang dan retak tepi., The decrease in quality will have an impact on the comfort and safety of road users. Therefore, there is a need for improvement. This study aims to obtain the PCI value and provide repair solutions for each type of damage. This method was chosen because it can assess the condition of the pavement according to the type and level of damage and is useful for maintenance work. The research was conducted on IPB Alternative Road along 500 m with a width of 4 m which was divided into 10 sections. There were 6 types of damage along the 500 m road studied, such as pothole damage, subsidence, longitudinal cracks, fillings, shoulder dislocation, and edge cracks. The final PCI value on the IPB Alternative Road along 500 m is 69,4 so it is in the medium category. The repair solution for every malfunction is not the same. Surface fillings and full depth fillings can be used to repair all types of damage, except shoulder dips. Shoulder drop should be corrected by realigning and backfilling the shoulder. Micro surfacing is used for medium level subsidence repair. Crack cover is suitable for longitudinal crack damage and edge cracking
Keyword: PCI, repair solutions, road damage

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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