Judul: Efficiency Production of National Sugar Mills.
Abstrak: The sugar factory is one of the strategic industries in Indonesia because of the sugar mill output can meet the basic food needs, the needs of other industries, and providing jobs. In fact the national sugar production can not meet national sugar consumption. Sugar mills can not increase the production of sugar because sucrose levels which are necessary for the production of sugar lost. Loss of sucrose as seen from yield of sugarcane based on information from other studies due to the machines are old, relatively low production capacity, raw materials predominantly owned by the people, and infertile land outside Java. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure the efficiency of the national sugar factories, tracing factors and determinants measure the efficiency of the national sugar mill. To answer these objectives, this study uses panel data from 26 sugar factories by the use of data envelopment analysis models (DEA) and random effects. The results showed the national sugar factory is inefficient due to the inefficiency of 6.70 percent from 2006 to 2011. Inefficient sugar mills which shows the ratio of input and output is relatively higher than other sugar mills. Sugar mill production capacity of small and medium production capacity is not efficient when compared with large production capacity. That is because the use of the cane, labor, production capacity, and the fuel is relatively high in both sugar factory. Relatively high input use also occurs at the sugar factory machine age of 30 years instead of the sugar mill sugar mill machinery under the age of 30 years. Sugar factories outside Java is more efficient than the sugar mills of Java in terms of employment and low fuel. However, the issue of fertile land in Java is not proven because the yield of sugarcane is not any difference in both the sugar factory.Assessment of managerial factors influence the machine age factor, the yield of sugarcane/sugarcane itself is negatively related to production capacity efficiencies while factors are positively related to efficiency. Factors that do not affect the efficiency of the sugar contained in the plant site. It is stated that the location of the sugar mills in Java and outside Java no relationship with efficiency. Efforts to increase the efficiency can be done by the turn of the engine and increased production capacity simultaneously. However, the effort if done synchronously definitely face great problems in funding and procurement of sugarcane. Therefore, efforts to increase the efficiency of the two lies only at the turn of the engine. Substitution is done with a machine that is a picture of the target input in the sugar factory managers in using the input. Sugar factories belonging to the people of the dominant raw material can increase the yield of sugarcane planting schedule and milled if done simultaneously and the use of seed cane that keprasan maximum of three times. It is based on sugarcane cultivation techniques clue owned sugar mills.
Keyword: Efficiency, National Sugar Mill, Machine, Sugarcane.

Judul: Analisis efisiensi proses produksi untuk peningkatan kinerja industri gula tebu (Cane Sugar) (Studi kasus di PG. Jatiluhur Majalengka, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Sugar is one of the most important commodities in Indonesia. Most of sugar manufacturing in Indonesia was owned or sun by Indonesian government. Sugar consumption rate cannot be fulfilled by local sugar manufacturer, that's why importing sugar became an option. The insignificant rate of increasing of sugar production every year make import rate is keep increasing Efficiency in sugar production process is one thing that need some attention. This time, most of sugar factory that owned by government are decreasing in productivity. PG Jatitujuh is sugar processing factory that processing cane into white crystal sugar (SHS) and one of sugar factory in Java that still runs well. Efficiency in sugar production process can be analyzed by using PG Jatitujuh production data. Analysis result shows that efficiency in sugar production process can be rendered, by optimalised increasing of imbibitions water. The optimum value of imbibitions water is 25-30 percent of processed cane. The decline of pol value in the amount of 0,01 percent is equal with 1,729 ton or equal with Rp. 8.297.865,- recovery sugar £rom bagasse. The decline of HK value in the amount of 0,01 percent is equal with 0,273 ton or equal with Rp. 1.3 12.524,- recovery sugar from molasses.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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