Judul: Analisis Hubungan Kondisi Iklim Dengan Ledakan Ulat Bulu: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: An outbreak of caterpillars Arctornis submarginata Wlk.(Lep.: Lymantriidae) occured in nine subdistrict of Probolinggo during March-April 2011. The caterpillar caused heavy defoliation on mangoes, with a total of 14.813 trees affected. Pest populations are commonly strongly influenced by the dynamics of climatic factors. The research aimed to evaluate and analyze the relationship between climatic conditions and the outbreaks of caterpillars. We used a qualitative-descriptive method to analyze rainfall variation for 10 years in the area, regression analysis of climatic factors and pest severity, and climex software to analyze potential pest distribution. Our analysis showed a strong relationship between outbreak of caterpillars and a high rainfall in the study area. The monthly average of rainfall for January to April was higher than monthly rainfall for 10 years. Based on regression analysis, the strongest influence of the whole climatic factors was found on the larval stages of which the value of R2 is 28.9%. Analysis using software climex showed the value of EI (Ecoclimatic Index) is 92, 87 and 46 in compare location, indicating that the study area was more suitable for the caterpillars. Climate is one of the factors affecting caterpillar outbreaks, in addition to biotic factors such as natural enemies.
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Judul: Analisis hubungan faktor iklim dengan tingkat serangan wereng batang cokelat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) sebagai landasan prediksi serangan: studi kasus pada 3 Kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Pests are organisms that can cause damage to plants and can adversely affect the economy. Rice is the most important staple food in Indonesia. One of destructive pest of rice plants which can reduce the production is brown planthopper (Wereng Batang Coklat – WBC). One of the triggers widespread increase in attacks of WBC is the climatic factor. Climatic factors can influence the level of attacks of the pest. Therefore, the influence of climate on broad attack WBC is important to be analyzed. This study aims to analyze the relationship between climatic factors with a broad attack WBC as a basis for prediction of attack. The areas of studies covered 3 district of Central Java Province,e.g., Cilacap, Pekalongan, and Tegal. The method used for analysis linear regression method for rainfall, quadratic regression to other climatic factors, and multiple linear regression to all the climatic factors that possible influence. Analysis of climatic factors with broad WBC relationships attacks carried out at different time delay (lag time) those are without lag, lag 1 and lag 2. The highest determinate coefficient results between regions of WBC attacks and climatic factors is 20.2%. These results obtained when the analysis is done in lag 1 with the equation of LS (Area Of Attack) = - 38 + 90.2 Tavg - 36.0 Tmax - 61.6 Tmin - 0146 R + 3.11 RH. Climatic factor is one of the factors that influence the broad attack of WBC, there are several other factors that need to be included in the analysis to improve results and get a better prediction.
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Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Zeolit untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a fuel cell that utilize methanol as the fuel source. The electrolyte membrane used in the DMFC system in this research was chitosan-zeolite composite membrane. The composite membrane was synthesized with chitosan-zeolite composition variation of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:1. The membranes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope, and for the specific gravity. Membrane performances were tested with methanol uptake, methanol permeability, conductivity, and potential difference in the DMFC system. The FTIR spectrum showed no formation of new functional groups inducating that the composite membrane was a result of physical mixing. Morphological analysis showed that the membrane was nonporous. Chitosan-zeolite 1:3 composite membrane had the highest specific gravity and methanol uptake, 1.4226 g/mL and 41.44%, respectively. The highest proton conductivity was showed by the 1:2 chitosanzeolite composite membrane, namely 7.2946× 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-zeolite composite membrane can be applied in DMFC system.
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