Judul: Model for sustainable protection paddy fields and rice sufficiency in the Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province
Abstrak: Rice is a staple food for almost all the population in Indonesia and is a basic necessity for human life. Therefore, the State is essential to ensure its availability, affordability, and the adequate and quality fulfillment of food consumption evenly across all regions. Paddy fields are a crucial factor in rice production. Allowing continuous conversion of paddy fields in the long term poses a threat to efforts to meet rice sufficiency. The main objective of this research is to develop the model for sustainable protection of paddy fields and domestic rice sufficiency in Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, with the following sub-objectives: 1) analyzing the dynamics of paddy field changes and trends in conversion, 2) evaluating the suitability classes of paddy fields for rice cultivation, 3) analyzing important variables and influential actors in the protection of paddy fields and sufficiency, 4) constructing a dynamic model and formulating policies for the protection of paddy fields and domestic rice sufficiency in Banyumas Regency. The research was conducted using a combination of several methods (mixed methods). Primary and/or secondary data were collected through various techniques, including literature review, desk analysis, in-depth discussions (in-depth interviews), internet downloads, and field observations. Respondents consisted of stakeholders and/or experts, namely: the Regent, Chair of the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD), Head of relevant agencies or assigned staff, Agrarian Spatial Planning and National Land Agency (ATR/BPN), Academicians, Agricultural Extension Officers (PPL), Village Officials, farmer groups, farmers, settlement developers, fertilizer agents, and rice traders. The data analysis technique were adjusted to the research objectives. Changes in paddy field land use from 2007 to 2019 and their predictions for 2031 and 2045 were carried out through visual interpretation of SPOT image recordings in 2007, 2014, and 2019 using ArcGIS 10.8.2 and the Landuse Change Modeler (LCM) in the TerrSet software. The evaluation of land suitability classes was performed by a matching system between land characteristics and the requirements for growing rice crops. Important variables and the relationships between variables were analyzed using the Micmac method. Important actors and their involvement in paddy fields protection were analyzed using the Mactor method. The dynamic model for the protection of paddy fields and domestic rice sufficiency was developed by constructing a stock flow diagram (SFD) structure. The conversion of paddy fields into non-paddy fields in Banyumas Regency from 2007 to 2019 reached an area of approximately 1,231 ha (3.87%), with an average annual decrease rate of 102.6 ha/year and a potential loss of rice production of about 1,189 tons of harvested dry paddy per year. In 2045, it is estimated that the paddy field area in Banyumas Regency will be 29,160 ha, with a decrease rate from 2019 to 2045 covering an area of 1,384 ha (4.53%). The evaluation of land suitability classes for rice cultivation in Banyumas Regency indicates that the actual suitability of paddy fields consists of very suitable class (S1) at 52%, moderately suitable (S2) at 10%, marginally suitable (S3) at 38%, and not suitable (N) at 0.05%. The limiting factors encountered include soil pH, base saturation, and soil drainage. Several important
Keyword: kesesuaian lahan, konversi lahan sawah, LP2B, model dinamis, variabel dan aktor, dynamic model, land suitability, LP2B (Paddy Field Protection), paddy field conversion, variables and actors

Judul: MODEL DINAMIS UNTUK MENJAGA UPAYA MANDIRI BERAS: STUDI KASUS, KABUPATEN KARAWANG, PROVINSI JAWA BARAT
Abstrak: Paddy fields are Indonesia's most important agricultural land use, supporting national food security. Such lands have experienced a massive change in their dynamics, specifically in rice (Oryza Sativa) production home, West Java. Karawang paddy fields notably become the major victim of land-use change and rapid economic growth, development, and population pressure. This study aimed to I) analyse land use/ land cover change, II) Predict the future land-use change in the Karawang Regency, West Java Province, and III) Design/simulate policy scenarios to uphold future rice self-sufficiency policies. The study employed three different methods to meet its objectives. Remote sensing techniques and satellite images were used for investigation across the Karawang Regency. Three kinds of satellite image datasets of Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2 from 2009, 2014, and 2019 were analysed. Based on the Markov model, a land change modeller was used to predict conversion in 2031, and PowerSim was used to develop system dynamics to simulate scenarios. The results revealed that land-use change impacted paddy fields conversion significantly. Karawang Regency lost 16,346.77 ha or 8.54 % of its paddy fields throughout the assessment period. Such farmlands declined by 8,639.84 ha (4.51%), 7,706.93 ha (4.02%), and it's expected to be converted by 12,306.75 ha or 6.40 % between 2009 -2014, 2014 to 2019, 2019-2031, respectively. The conversion of paddy fields to build areas, including road infrastructures, is approximately 14,536.21 ha, representing 57.98% of the total paddy fields converted. As a result of build-up area expansion (2014-219) within RTRW and LP2B areas, paddy fields will be reduced by 5,099.68 ha or 5.40% and 3,385.98 ha or 3.28%, respectively. While between 2019-and 2031, they will be reduced by 7,463.88 ha or 7.90 % and 13,913.28 ha or 13.50%, respectively. The highest and lowest conversions will occur in the sub-districts of Banyu Sari and Tegalwaru. Up 95% of the expanded build area will be a converted irrigated paddy field with an area range of 1-99 ha. Only 5% will be rainfed paddy fields exclusively located in the south eastern part of the Regency. The developed system dynamics indicated that the overall Maximum relative errors, coefficient of determination, and mean absolute per cent error of tested variables were 1.33%, 0.760, and 1.49, respectively. Under the Business-as-usual scenario (BAU#), it was found that the population of Karawang will reach 6.1 million people, and the paddy fields will be reduced to only169 a thousand ha by the end of the century. The scenario will result in a reduction of Karawang rice Availability Per Person (APP), surplus (SPs), and Self-sufficiency (SSL) by 66.20, 50.55, and 359%, respectively. Besides that, the Rice demand scenario (SNO#3) indicated the Regency will be out of rice surplus in 2094 and 2085 when the consumption/ demand of rice increases by 80% (SNO#3.3) and 100%(SNO#3.4), respectively. It's been concluded that paddy fields conversion is the main threat that may undermine the future rice supply for Regency and maintain 1.5 million tons of rice surplus. The study recommended that proposed possible interventions should be considered along with the formulation and implementation of upcoming Regional
Keyword: Food self-sufficiency, paddy fields conversion, Google Earth Engine, system dynamics

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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