Judul: Pengembangan Minuman Cokelat Instan Komersial Menggunakan Atribut Sensori Terpilih Berdasarkan Preferensi Konsumen
Abstrak: Cacao is one of important commodity in Indonesia. Based on statistical data on 2020, export value of cacao beans reaches US$ 1,22 billion. Application of cacao beans is used as raw material for making chocolate drink. Some industries in Indonesia are developing instant commercial chocolate drink. Sensory evaluation is a key point for developing new product to meet with consumer criteria. Liking is not enough to evaluate sensory quality of the product. However, consumer satisfaction must be considered in sensory evaluation so that the product will be purchased continuously by customer. This research is the first step in development of instant commercial chocolate drink. Objective of this study are identifying consumer preference about instant chocolate drink product from market, identifying sensory attributes that are able to consumer satisfaction and their combination to improve the reach and consumer frequency. Relationship between sensory appeals and consumer satisfaction was identified by survey method integrated with structural equation model (SEM). Focus group discussion (FGD) method was utilized to identify sensory attributes of commercial instan chocolate drink. Then, Kano method is used to categorize the selected sensory attributes based on consumer satisfaction. Total unduplicated reach and frequency (TURF) method is used then to evaluate selected sensory attributes based on reach and frequency. Sensory attributes appeal affected consumer satisfaction of commercial instant chocolate drink with linear coefficient value 0,7. Better performance of sensory attributes increased consumer satisfaction. Sensory attributes of commercial instant chocolate drink consist of six groups including taste, flavor, aroma, texture, aftertaste and color. Based on Kano categorization, creamy and dark chocolate color were included in attractive category, chocolate attributes (color, aroma, flavor) were include in one-dimensional category, and sweet was included in must-be category. Furthermore, the combination of several selected attributes can be an alternative to maximize the production line. The combination of two variants flavor such as original chocolate flavor and chocolate with almonds flavor can be an alternative to reach 100% of the target market.
Keyword: chocolate drink, Kano, SEM, TURF, sensory evaluation

Judul: Emotional Sensory Mapping Susu Cokelat Kemasan  Dengan Metode CATA (Check-All-That-Apply)
Abstrak: Konsumsi susu cokelat di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan, hal ini dipengaruhi oleh semakin meningkatnya kesadaran konsumen terhadap gaya hidup sehat dan juga cita rasa yang khas pada susu cokelat dibandingkan dengan susu biasa. Terdapat beberapa literatur mengenai susu cokelat, namun yang membahas profil sensori susu cokelat sangat sedikit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi profil sensori dan emosi dari susu cokelat kemasan dengan metode CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) dan Emotional Sensory Mapping. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu 4 produk susu cokelat kemasan dengan merek yang berbeda dan menggunakan 30 panelis konsumen. Sweet aftertaste, creamy mouthfeel, viscosity mouthfeel merupakan atribut yang mempengaruhi kesukaan dan kepuasan konsumen terhadap susu cokelat. Atribut yang diinginkan ada pada produk ideal yaitu creamy mouthfeel. Atribut emosi, musik, needstate yang relatif dominan pada setiap sampel berbeda-beda. Berdasarkana CATA intensity, atribut salty taste dan sweet aftertaste memiliki korelasi positif yang berarti atribut sweet aftertaste akan meningkat intensitasnya jika atribut salty taste ditingkatkan. Rekomendasi perbaikan produk dapat dilihat berdasarkan atribut dominan dari setiap sampel dengan mengacu pada atribut liking, must have, dan atribut ideal menurut persepsi konsumen. Atribut yang termasuk dalam tiga kelompok tersebut yaitu sweet aroma, chocolate aroma, chocolate taste, aftertaste, creamy mouthfeel, viscosity mouthfeel. Oleh karena itu, dengan memahami profil sensori akan membantu industri makanan dalam mengembangkan produk susu cokelat yang ditargetkan lebih baik., Consumption of chocolate milk has increased in Indonesia, owing to increased consumer awareness of healthier lifestyles and the distinct flavor of chocolate milk compared to fresh milk. While there is some literature on chocolate milk, little is known about its sensory profile. The purpose of this study is to use the CATA (Check-All-That-Apply) and Emotional Sensory Mapping methods to determine the sensory profile and emotions of ready-to-drink chocolate milk. The samples consisted of four packaged chocolate milk products from various brands, with a total of 30 consumer panelists. The sweetness of the aftertaste, the creamy mouthfeel, and the viscosity of the mouthfeel all contribute to the liking and satisfaction with chocolate milk. The ideal product should have a creamy mouthfeel. Each sample contains a different proportion of emotion, music, and need state attributes. According to CATA intensity, the salty flavor and sweet aftertaste qualities have a positive correlation, which means that as the salty taste attribute increases, the sweet aftertaste attribute increases as well. Consumer perceptions indicate that product enhancement recommendations should be made based on the sample's dominant attributes, which include liking attributes, musthave attributes, and ideal attributes. Sweet aroma, chocolate aroma, chocolate taste, aftertaste, creamy mouthfeel, and viscosity mouthfeel are all included in the three categories. Thus, gaining a better understanding of the total sensory profile would aid food manufacturers in developing more targeted chocolate milk products.
Keyword: CATA, chocolate milk, emotional sensory mapping, sensory  evaluation

Judul: Penyebaran virus Newcastle-Disease (ND) pada burung liar
Abstrak: Banyak usaha yang telah dilakukan untuk mencegah dan mengendalikan terjadinya serangan wabah ND, seperti misalnya peningkatan sanitasi dan vaksinasi ND. Akan tetapi sam pai saat ini pengendaliannya belum dapat dilakukan secara tuntas. Banyak masalah yang menyebabkan kegagalan dari usaha untuk mengendalikan wabah ND, salah satu masalah yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penanggulangan wabah ND adalah sumber dan penyebaran virus ND oleh burung liar (Ronohardjo, 1980). Walaupun telah diketahui bahwa burung liar mempunyai peranan dalam penyebaran penyakit unggas, tetapi harus diakui bahwa sedikit sekali informasi mengenai jenis burung yang mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber dan penyebar virus ND. Selain menyebarkan penyakit unggas, burung liar juga dapat menyebarkan penyakit mammalia (Ottis and Bachmann, 1983). ...
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