Judul: Ovarian Dynamics in the Thoroughbred-Indonesian Local Crossbred Mares
Abstrak: The development of horse breeding industry in Indonesia was commenced through horse racing events held all over the country. It were accelerated by the development of Thoroughbred-Indonesian local Crossbred horses. There are many broodmares injured during their racing time and retired from the racetracks. They may still has a reproductive vigor to continue on producing offsprings. Very little information has been reported on the monitoring the reproductive capacity of the mares. The objective of this study was to explore ultrasonography imaging of the ovarian dynamics, correlated with the estrus behavior of the Thoroughbred- Indonesian local crossbred mares. Three Thoroughbred-Indonesian local crossbred mares with 6.25-12.5% of local genetics aged 12-20 years old were used in this study. Estrus and ovulation synchronized by 10 mg PGF2α i.m. at luteal phase and 1500 IU hCG i.m. injection when the dominant follicle reach ≥30 mm in diameter. Ultrasonography examination was done every morning at approximately at the same time. Estrus behavior was observed by using teaser stallions following a standard method. Results of the experiment indicated that onset of the estrus was reached 1.33 ± 0.58 days after the hCG injection, with the average duration of 4.00 ± 1.00 days. The ovulations were done at 5.33 ± 1.15 days after PGF2α treatment and 66.67 ± 10.07 hours after hCG treatment. Maximum follicle diameter was identified to reach 4.50 ± 0.52 cm at one day before ovulation. The mares performed 25.4 ± 3.38 days length of estrous cycle with 2-3 follicular waves. It had been identified that the estrus duration was 6.8 ± 1.92 days in mares with the age of 12-20 years. The average of maximum diameter of the largest follicle before ovulation was 4.2 ± 1.24 cm. In conclusion, to improve the efficiency of breeding, several information are needed i.e. the optimal time of ovulation, relevan parameters related to follicular development.
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Judul: Uterine Response Towards Semen Deposition Through Artificial Insemination in Mares: Ultrasonography and Cytology
Abstrak: The popularity of equestrian sports has been increasing over the past couple of years in Indonesia, along with the demands of high-quality equine breeding. As one of the most widely practiced breeding method in sport horses, artificial insemination is done with the aims of increasing production and improving the genetic quality of horses. After insemination, a transient and physiological inflammatory response of the uterus occurs which serves to eliminate seminal plasma, excess sperm, debris, and microorganisms from the uterine lumen. This study aims to determine the effects of semen deposition in the uterus post- insemination and mechanism of the post-insemination uterine response in mares through ultrasonography imaging and cytology smear observation. This research was done on 2 Sumbawa pony mares. Ultrasonography imaging and cytology smears were taken before insemination, post insemination, and everyday post insemination until the uterine inflammatory response subsides. Both mares show positive uterine inflammatory response. In Mare A the response started 48 hours post insemination and resolved within 72 hours, and in Mare B, the response started 72 hours post insemination and resolved within 48 hours. Vaginal cytology sample in Mare A, shows the number of neutrophils counted peaked at day 2 with 4 cells per 10 field of view and completely resolved and disappeared on day 5. While in Mare B, the neutrophil count peaked at day 3 with a higher number of 5 cells per 10 field of view and was resolved within day 5. Despite the differences in onset and peak neutrophil levels, both mares' inflammatory responses resolved within the same timeframe and is still within the normal range.
Keyword: horse, Ultrasonography, artificial insemination, cytology, post insemination uterine response

Judul: Pengaruh Kadar Air Bahan Bakar hutan Terhadap Timbulnya Asap pada Proses Pembakaran (Skala Laboratorium)
Abstrak: Salah satu dampak negatif dari kebakaran hutan adalah asap, yang dapat nienyebabkan terjadinya polusi udara karena mengandung S02, NOx, 0 3 , H2S, CO, dan partikel karbon sangat berbahaya bagi kesehatan makhluk hidup. Selain secara langsung berdampak negatif pada manusia dan hewan, akibat lain yang ditimbulkan dari asap hasil kebakaran hutan adalah terganggunya kelancaran transportasi baik darat, laut dan udara. Kabut/gumpalan asap tersebut dapat mengganggu lalulintas darat terutama pada sorelmalam hari dan pagi hari karena mengganggu jarak pandang pengemudi kendaraan.
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