Judul: Effectiveness of Rice Husks and  Sawdust as a Dry System Transport Media for Mud Crabs (Scylla serrata) in Brebes,  Central Java
Abstrak: Negara Indonesia memiliki luas mangrove 3,36 juta Ha. Jenis kepiting yang banyak hidup di mangrove tumbuh sampai dengan ukuran besar adalah kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata). Kepiting bakau masuk kedalam 10 komoditas yang tinggi permintaanya di dunia. Nilai produksi kepiting di Indonesia pada triwulan IV tahun 2022 sebesar 5.892 ton. Permasalahan yang sering terjadi dalam pengiriman kepiting hidup adalah tingginya angka kematian. Pemilihan media pengisi kemasan dalam transportasi kering penting untuk diperhatikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis pengaruh media pengisi yang berbeda terhadap kelangsungan hidup kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) pada transportasi sistem kering. Transportasi dilakukan selama 12 jam, kemudian kepiting bakau diperlihara selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan satu kontrol dan dua perlakuan yaitu penggunaan media pengisi serbuk gergaji (SG) dan sekam padi (SP). Masing-masing dengan tiga kali ulangan. Wadah transportasi yang digunakan adalah styrofoam berukuran 34 × 25 × 30 cm. Wadah pemeliharaan pasca transportasi yaitu kontainer kepiting berukuran 20×15×10 cm. Kepadatan jumlah kepiting pada setiap kemasan adalah 9 ekor/box styrofoam. Kepiting yang digunakan berukuran 103,9 ± 8,6 gram. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kelangsungan hidup kepiting bakau pada kemasan dengan media pengisi serbuk gergaji dan sekam padi selama transportasi sebesar 100±0% sedangkan pada kontrol 88,89±1%. Media pengisi serbuk gergaji lebih efektif dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol dan sekam padi dilihat dengan parameter uji pendukung lainnya., Indonesia has a mangrove area of 3.36 million hectares. The type of crab that lives in mangroves and grows to large sizes is the mangrove crab (Scylla serrata). Mangrove crabs are among the 10 commodities with the highest demand in the world. The value of crab production in Indonesia in the fourth quarter of 2022 is 5,892 tons. The problem that often occurs in shipping live crabs is the high mortality rate. It is important to pay attention to the choice of packaging filling media in dry transportation. The research was carried out with the aim of analyzing the effect of different filling media on the survival of mud crabs (Scylla serrata) in dry transportation systems. Transportation was carried out for 12 hours, then the mangrove crabs were kept for 14 days. This study used a completely randomized design with one control and two treatments, namely the use of sawdust (SG) and rice husk (SP) filling media. Each with three repetitions. The transportation container used is styrofoam measuring 34×25×30 cm. The post-transportation maintenance container is a crab container measuring 20×15×10 cm. The density of crabs in each package is 9/styrofoam box. The crab used measured 103,9 ± 8,6 grams. The results showed that the survival of mud crabs in packaging filled with sawdust and rice husks during transportation was 100 ± 0%, while in the control it was 88,89 ± 1%. The sawdust filler media was more effective than the control treatment and rice husks seen from other supporting test parameters.
Keyword: mud crab, sawdust, rice husk, dry transportation

Judul: The Effectiveness of Using Sawdust, Sea Sand, and Cocopeat as Filling Media in the Dry Transport System for Juvenile Sand Lobster (Panulirus homarus)
Abstrak: Lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus) merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan dunia yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi dan permintaannya terus meningkat sekitar 15% per tahun. Komoditas perikanan seperti udang dan lobster terus mengalami pergeseran seiring dengan permintaan konsumen, mulai dalam bentuk beku, kondisi segar, kemudian kondisi hidup. Transportasi sistem kering merupakan teknik yang tepat untuk mentransportasikan lobster agar tetap hidup hingga ke tangan konsumen. Pemilihan media pengisi kemasan dalam transportasi kering penting untuk diperhatikan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tujuan menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan media pengisi berbeda terhadap kelangsungan hidup dan tingkat stres lobster pasir (Panulirus homarus) pada transportasi sistem kering. Transportasi dilakukan selama 12 jam, kemudian lobster dipelihara selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari perlakuan media pengisi serbuk gergaji (M1), pasir laut (M2), dan serbuk sabut kelapa (M3). Transportasi dilakukan menggunakan kemasan berupa kotak styrofoam berukuran 47x32x29 cm. Perlakuan transportasi menggunakan lobster berukuran 90-100 g dengan kepadatan 10 ekor/kemasan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penggunaan media pengisi kemasan berbeda tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kelangsungan hidup lobster selama transportasi namun terdapat perbedaan terhadap kadar glukosa hemolim lobster pasca transportasi dengan nilai terbaik pada perlakuan media pengisi serbuk sabut kelapa sebesar 42,18±0,68 mg dL⁻¹. Penggunaan media pengisi serbuk sabut kelapa memiliki keuntungan ekonomi yang paling besar yaitu Rp 5.120.000,-. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, serbuk sabut kelapa dapat menjadi media pengisi alternatif selain serbuk gergaji dan pasir laut pada transportasi sistem kering juvenil lobster., Sand lobster (Panulirus homarus) is one of the world's leading commodities that has high economic value and its demand continues to increase by around 15% per year. Fishery commodities such as shrimp and lobster continue to shift in line with consumer demand, starting with frozen form, in fresh condition, and in live condition. Dry system transportation is the right technique for transporting live lobsters to consumers' hands. It is important to pay attention to the selection of packaging filling media in dry transportation. The research was conducted with the purpose of analyzing the effect of using different filling media on survival and stress levels of sand lobster (Panulirus homarus) in dry transportation systems. Transportation was carried out for 12 hours, then the lobster were reared for 14 days. This study used a completely randomized design consisting of three treatments and three replications. The treatments consisted of sawdust (M1), sea sand (M2), and cocopeat (M3) as fillers. Transportation is carried out using packaging in the form of a styrofoam box measuring 47x32x29 cm. The transportation treatment used lobsters measuring 90-100 g with a density of 10 fish/package. The results showed that the use of different packaging filling media had no significant effect on the survival of lobsters during transportation but there were differences in the glucose levels of the lobster hemolymph after transportation with the best value in the treatment of cocopeat filling media of 42.18 ± 0.68 mg dL⁻¹. The use of cocopeat filling medium has the greatest economic advantage, which is Rp. 5.120.000,-. Based on this research, cocopeat can be an alternative filling medium besides sawdust and sea sand in the dry system transportation
Keyword: lobster, transport, sawdust, sea sand, cocopeat

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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