Judul: Kemandirian Petani Dalam Pengambilan Keputusan Usahatani: Kasus Petani Sayuran Di Kabupaten     Bondowoso dan Kabupaten Pasuruhan
Abstrak: Kemandirian petani menjadi sangat penting di era global ini karena terbukanya pengaruh luar yang sangat besar terhadap produk usahatani. Dalam rangka meningkatkan daya saing terhadap produk usahataninya, maka strategi penyuluhan untuk mengembangkan sumberdaya manusia (SDM) pertanian mendatang diarahkan agar mereka dapat lebih mandiri dalam melaksanakan usahataninya, yang dicirikan oleh kemampuannya dalam mengambil keputusan berusahatani secara kritis, meningkatkan efisiensi pemanfaatan sumberdaya yang dimiliki, dan meningkatkan produktivitas kerjanya. Hasil penelitian di Jawa Barat pada tahun 1999 dan hasil penelitian di Jawa Timur pada tahun 2001 menemukan kemandirian petani dalam pengambilan keputusan berusahatani masih relatif rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) mendeskripsikan tingkat kemandirian petani dalam pengambilan keputusan usahatani, (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dan berpengaruh terhadap tingkat kemandirian petani dalam pengambilan keputusan usahatani, dan (3) Merumuskan strategi penyuluhan yang efektif untuk pengembangan kemandirian petani dalam pengambilan keputusan usahatani.
Keyword: farming business, Slovin’s formula, technology adoption, farming equipments, farming capital, East Java

Judul: Kemandirian Petani dalam Pen ambilan Keputusan Adopsi lnovasi (Kasus Petani Sayuran di Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The research was carried out in West Java Province, and it has been designed to 􀀁n,􀀂i"!r several problems, namely: the farmers autonomy on decision-making of the on of innovation and factors influencing the decision, and empowerment strategy to Jl􀁓J'a.se the farmers autonomy on decision making of the adoption of innovation. The bjective of this research are: (1) to study the level of the farmers autonomy on si n-making of the adoption of innovation and to determine factors related to the armers autonomy, and (2) to formulate effective strategic approach and empowerment ode to increase the farmers autonomy on decision-making of the adoption of innovation The number of sample are 270 people, consist of two strata, stratum I: 60 rogr ssive farmers, stratum II: 210 developing farmers. Those respondents were selected y S atified Random Sampling Method. The data were collected by interview and bse ation. The quantitative data had been analyzed using statistical Spearman orre ation and Structural Equation Model (SEM). The result of the research showed that: (1·) in general, there are cultural changes of egetable farmers from cultivated orientation to the market driven; (2) the level of the arm rs autonomy are in the middle scale, but the level of the farmers autonomy on ecis on-making of the adoption ;0f innovation at progressive farmers are heighter than deve oping farmers; (3) the farmers self-needs-awarness has positive correlation to the fann rs autonomy on decision-making of the adoption of innovation in all of farmers t􀂲l gy, therefore, the future empowerment led to the improvement of the farmer self­need -awarness; and (4) Empowerment with general approach was not effective because of di ferent conditions, problems, and real needs of each farmers tipology, therefore, it need the improvement of strategy and tipology empowerment model oriented to the local ty and client type.
Keyword: Adoption; Decision making; Vegetables farmer;

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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