Judul: Polymorphism Identification of ILSTS028, ILSTS052 and ILSTS056 Microsatellite DNA Loci on Katingan Cattle in Central Kalimantan
Abstrak: Sapi Katingan adalah salah satu jenis sapi lokal yang terdapat di Kalimantan Tengah dan sudah beradaptasi dengan lingkungan sekitarnya. Sapi Katingan umumnya dipelihara oleh suku Dayak dan hidup disepanjang daerah aliran sungai Katingan. Informasi sapi Katingan saat ini sangat terbatas, sehinga dilakukan strategi pelestarian dan pengembangan sapi Katingan di Kalimantan Tengah. Sapi Katingan bukan hanya mempunyai nilai kultural yang tinggi, selain itu juga memiliki peranan terhadap pendapatan keluarga yaitu sebesar 18-28%, terbesar kedua setelah komoditas karet. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman genetik sapi lokal di Kalimantan Tengah dengan menggunakan penanda molekuler DNA mikrosatelit yang menggunakan lokus ILSTS028, ILSTS052 dan ILSTS056. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Genetika dan Molekuler Ternak selama tujuh bulan, mulai Oktober 2010 sampai Mei 2011. Sampel darah sapi Katingan yang digunakan sebanyak 70 unit yang berasal dari tiga Kecamatan di daerah aliran sungai Katingan, Kalimantan Tengah yaitu Kelurahan Pendahara (Kecamatan Tewah Sanggalang Garing) sebanyak 21 ekor, Desa Buntut Bali (Kecamatan Pulau Malan) sebanyak 18 ekor, dan Desa Tumbang Lahang (Kecamatan Katingan Tengah) sebanyak 31 ekor serta sampel darah sapi Bali, Madura, PO dan Limousin masing-masing sebanyak 11, 1, 6 dan 3 sampel. Amplifikasi DNA dilakukan dengan tiga macam primer yaitu ILSTS028, ILSTS052 dan ILSTS056 dengan masing-masing suhu annealing ILSTS028 dan ILSTS052 adalah 55 0C, dan suhu annealing ILSTS056 adalah 60 0C. Data dianalisis berdasarkan jumlah alel, frekuensi alel dan heterozigositas. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lokus ILSTS028 menghasilkan 20 alel (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, S dan T), lokus ILSTS052 menghasilkan 13 alel (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M dan N), dan lokus ILSTS056 menghasilkan 19 alel (A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, O, P, Q, R, T dan U). Nilai heterozigositas lokus ILSTS028 pada populasi Buntut Bali dan Pendahara bernilai (ĥ)=1,00 sedangkan nilai heterozigositas pada populasi Tumbang Lahang bernilai (ĥ)=0,96. Nilai heterozigositas lokus ILSTS052 pada populasi Buntut Bali bernilai (ĥ)=0,54, pada populasi Pendahara bernilai (ĥ)=0,67 dan pada populasi Tumbang Lahang bernilai (ĥ)=0,64. Nilai Heterozigositas lokus ILSTS056 pada ketiga populasi bernilai sama yaitu (ĥ)=1,000; hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik pada ketiga populasi tersebut sangat tinggi. Nilai rataan heterozigositas pada ketiga lokus sebesar (Ĥ)= 0,873.
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Dna Mikrosatelit Lokus CSSM066, ILSTS029 Dan ILSTS061 Pada Sapi Katingan Di Kalimantan Tengah
Abstrak: The objective of this study was to identify the polymorphism of CSSM066, ILSTS029 and ILSTS061 microsatellite DNA loci on Katingan cattle in Central Kalimantan. The blood samples used in this study was 70 samples originated from the three sub populations of Pendahara sub populations (26 samples), Buntut Bali (13 samples) and Tumbang Lahang (31 samples). DNA amplification was done by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) then electrophoresed using 6% polyacrylamide gel followed by silver staining. Data were analyzed using allele frequency, genotype frequency, degree of heterozygosity and genetic tree. The result showed that CSSM066, ILSTS029 and ILSTS061 microsatellite DNA loci were high polymorphisms. CSSM066 locus had 9 alleles with a length of 168-188 bp allele. The highest allele frequency was allele G (0.385) in Buntut Bali sub populations and the lowest allele O (0.017) in Tumbang Lahang sub populations. ILSTS029 locus had 16 alleles with a length of 159-180 bp allele. The highest allele frequency was allele L (0.333) in Buntut Bali sub populations and lowest allele H, P and V (0.017) in Tumbang Lahang sub populations. ILSTS061 locus had 14 alleles with a length of 136-164 bp allele. The highest allele frequency was allele G (0.308) in Buntut Bali sub populations and the lowest is allele G and I (0.021) in Pendahara sub populations. The highest heterozygosity values was found in Tumbang Lahang sub population (ĥ=0.7333) ILSTS029 locus and lowest in Pendahara sub population (ĥ=0.0000) for CSSM066 locus. The highest heterozigosity average was found (Ĥ=0.6558) in ILSTS029 locus and the lowest (Ĥ=0.1692) in CSSM066 locus.
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Judul: Numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring in front of impermeable breakwater with different steepnesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters. A two-dimensional hydrodynamics model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed and then combined with an empirical sediment transport model. Comparisons with an analytical solution and experimental data showed the present model is very accurate in predicting the near bottom velocity and capable of simulating the scour/deposition patterns consistent with experimental data. It was found that the additional terms of bottom shear stress in the momentum equations are necessary to produce a physical scouring pattern. Different breakwater steepnesses produce different characteristics of standing wave, the steady streaming system, and scouring pattern in front of the breakwaters, which also affects the correlations between them. An additional analysis of the turbulence field parameters and the sediment transport rate was also performed. All these important information will be presented in details in this paper and can be worthwhile for designing the breakwater in coastal areas.
Keyword: The RANS–VOF model Standingwave Steadystreamingsystem Scouring pattern Breakwatersteepness