Judul: Estimating the Shelf Life of Corn Flour with the Acceleration Method of Critical Moisture Content Approach
Abstrak: Tepung jagung adalah tepung yang didapatkan dengan cara menggiling biji jagung yang bersih melalui proses pemisahan kulit, endosperm, lembaga, dan tip cap. Salah satu UKM di Cibanteng, Kabupaten Bogor telah memproduksi tepung jagung kasar dan tepung jagung halus. Kedua jenis tepung tersebut harus memenuhi persyaratan mutu pangan sebelum dipasarkan dan dikonsumsi. Salah satu parameter mutu pangan penting yang ada adalah keamanan pangan yang ditunjukan dengan pencantuman tanggal kadaluarsa. Tanggal kadaluarsa dapat ditentukan dengan menduga umur simpan tepung jagung menggunakan metode ASLT dengan pendekatan kadar air kritis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung jagung menghasilkan kadar air kesetimbangan yang berbeda-beda pada RH yang berbeda. Tepung jagung cenderung mengalami desorpsi pada RH 32 dan 54%, serta adsorpsi pada RH 75, 84, dan 93%. Proses adsorpsi dan desorpsi menghasilkan kurva ISA tepung jagung berbentuk sigmoid. Kurva ISA yang dihasilkan dimuluskan dengan kurva dari model terpilih yaitu Model Chen Clayton. Dugaan umur simpan tepung jagung dengan kemasan alumunium foil pada RH 78 dan 82% berturut-turut selama 28 dan 22 hari. Sedangkan umur simpan tepung jagung dengan kemasan PE pada RH 78 dan 82% selama 2 hari. Umur simpan yang dihasilkan sangat pendek sehingga perlu dilakukan proses pengeringan untuk memperpanjang umur simpan tepung jagung., Corn flour is flour obtained by grinding clean corn kernels through a process of separating the husk, endosperm, institutions, and tip cap. One of the SMEs in Cibanteng, Bogor Regency has produced coarse corn flour and fine corn flour. Both types of flour must meet food quality requirements before being marketed and consumed. One of the important food quality parameters that exist is food safety as indicated by the inclusion of the expiration date. The expiration date can be determined by estimating the shelf life of corn flour using the ASLT method with a critical moisture content approach. The results showed that corn flour produced different equilibrium moisture content at different RH. Corn flour tends to experience desorption at RH 32 and 54%, and adsorption at RH 75, 84, and 93%. The adsorption and desorption processes resulted in a sigmoid ISA curve of corn flour. The resulting ISA curve is smoothed with the curve of the selected model, namely the Chen Clayton Model. Alleged shelf life of corn flour with aluminum foil packaging at RH 78 and 82%, respectively, for 28 and 22 days. While the shelf life of corn flour with PE packaging at RH 78 and 82% for 2 days. The shelf life of the resulting product is very short, so it is necessary to do a drying process to extend the shelf life of corn flour.
Keyword: Kadar Air Kesetimbangan, Kadar Air Kritis, Umur Simpan, RH, Tepung Jagung

Judul: Pendugaan Umur Simpan Tepung Bumbu Gorengan dengan Metode Akselerasi Pendekatan Kadar Air Kritis
Abstrak: Konsumsi tepung terigu semakin meningkat sebagai bahan penyalut produk gorengan. Namun, tepung terigu merupakan tepung yang mengandung gluten dan dapat menyebabakan beberapa penyakit jika konsumsinya berlebihan. Peran tepung terigu sebagai penyalut gorengan dapat digantikan dengan tepung bumbu non gluten. Sebagai produk pangan, tepung bumbu harus diketahui umur simpannya untuk keamanan konsumen. Pendugaan umur simpan dilakukan dengan metode Accelerated Shelf-Life Test (ASLT), dilakukan dengan memodifikasi suhu dan kelembaban ruang agar produk yang disimpan dapat cepat rusak. Pendugaan umur simpan tepung bumbu dilakukan dengan metode kadar air kritis menggunakan persamaan Labuza. Variabel yang digunakan antara lain kadar air awal, kadar air kritis, kadar air kesetimbangan, slope kurva ISA, permeabilitas kemasan, luas kemasan, berat padatan per kemasan, dan tekanan uap air jenuh pada suhu penyimpanan. Kurva ISA yang didapatkan pada penelitian berbentuk sigmoid atau sama dengan Kurva ISA tipe II yang banyak ditemukan pada produk pangan. Nilai Mean Relative Determination (MRD) terkecil pada pemodelan Hasley 3,74. Pendugaan umur simpan dilakukan pada RH 75, 84, dan 89% menggunakan kadar air kritis percobaan dan kadar air kritis berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dengan beberapa jenis kemasan antara lain PP 02, PP 03, dan alumunium foil. Hasil perhitungan umur simpan tepung bumbu gorengan pada penyimpanan kelembaban relatif 75, 84, dan 89% menggunakan kadar air kritis SNI dengan kemasan PP 02 secara berturut-turut selama 95, 49, 35 hari, dengan kemasan PP 03 selama 143, 74, 54 hari, dan dengan kemasan alumunium foil selama 641, 333, 242 hari., Consumption of wheat flour is increasing as a coating of fried products. However, wheat flour is a flour that contains gluten and can cause some diseases if its consumption is excessive. The role of wheat flour as a fried coating can be replaced with non-gluten seasoning flour. As a food product, seasoning flour should be known its shelf life for consumer safety. Estimation of shelf life is done by Accelerated Shelf-Life Test (ASLT) method, done by modifying the room temperature and humidity conditions so that the stored products can be quickly damaged. Seasoning flour is a food product whose main damage is due to the absorption of water vapor. Estimating the shelf life of seasoning flour is done by critical water content method using Labuza equation. The parameters used include initial moisture content, critical moisture content, equilibrium water content, ISA curve slope, packaging area, packaging permeability, solid weight per package, and saturated water vapor pressure at storage temperature. The ISA curve obtained in the study is in the form of sigmoid or the same as the ISA curve type II that is found in food products. The smallest Mean Relative Determination (MRD) value is obtained in Hasley modeling 3,74. The restoration of shelf life was carried out at RH 75, 84, and 89% using experimental critical water content and critical water content based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) with several types of packaging including PP 02, PP 03, and aluminum foil. The results of the calculation of the shelf life of fried spice flour in the storage of relative humidity 75, 84, and 89% use the critical water content of SNI
Keyword: Kadar air, Kelembaban relatif, Tepung bumbu, Umur simpan

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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