Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Since the year of 2000, UNEP (United Nations of Environmental Programe) identifies that the ever increasing Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Methane (CH4) and Nitrous Oxide (N2O) have caused global warming. In addition, carbon dioxide (CO2) and nitrous oxide (N2O) along with sulphure oxide (SOx) and hidrogen sulfide (H2S) gasses have caused acid deposition. In turns, this deposition can stretch out endlessly heavy metal like lead and is accumulated in roughages which makes it harmful for animal production. In the other case the meat supply is still insufficient in Indonesia. Therefore, to fulfill the supply several efforts should be carried out. One of them is by increasing sheep production which is based on the reason that goat is prolific and high litter size. Howefer this effort cannot be achieved due to the presence of acid deposition and condition which bind heavy metals such as lead. These two substances will result in the decreasing daily gain of sheep because of the Pb accumulation in liver, kidney, as well as flesh. Accordingly, this research is aimed at: a. finding out whether acid rain has taken place in Bogor Regency area and subsequently finding out the Pb content in soil and roughage in this region. b. predicting corelation Pb content between rain and soil, as well as between soil and roughage in the Bogor regency area. c. studying the acid impact and Pb in the sheep ration toward sheep daily gain and toward the Pb content in liver, kidney and flesh. The result showed that in Bogor regency area acid deposition on had taken place the dry season but not in the wet season. The Pb content both in the air and in the soil had not yet been affected by acid rain. Pb content from the soil did not affect the content in the roughage. The dry and organic matter digestibility of the acid ration is lower than that of the non-acid ration. The dry and organic matter digestibility of the Pb-ration is lower than that of the non-Pb-ration. Similarly, the VFA production of acid ration was lower than that of the non-Acid ration. On the contrary, the N-NH3 production of acid ration was higher than that of the no-acid ration. The Pb ration has higher N-NH3 production than that of the non-Pb ration. Acid ration decreased daily gain, but ration of high Pb-content did not affect the daily gain. Acid ration did not increase Pb content in the kidney but not in the liver and flesh. However, high Pb content in the ration will increase the Pb content of liver and kidney but not in the flesh.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Dairy cattle farming represent one of environment pollution sources in agricultural sector. Most of dairy farming's in Indonesia are managed in the forms of small holder farming's that give more attention to productivity rather than ecological concerns. The purpose of this study was to make models and their behavior of dairy cattle animal waste pollution on clean water quality and degree of smell at several regions with different natural physical and economic social conditions. This study also investigated the animal waste management that match with the farmer's condition in each region. Model compiled based on to component situation of livestock, environment and farmers condition. Data obtained from result of field observation, laboratory analysis and literature and also statistical of relevant institution. Determination of regional sarnpel of sub-province or town until chosen countryside conducted with multistage sampling without randomization (purposive sampling). Model simulation with program of Powesim 2 . 5 ~ . Based on the result of research can be concluded that 1) low natural physical region and low economic social condition had animal waste can to pollute of environment, 2) The waste management for the region with high natural physical and high economic social of bio gas, for regional with high natural phwical and lw social economics is by selling waste go out ranch location, composting for the region with low natural physical and high economic social, and composting accompanied by removing to excess of animal waste for regional with low natural physical and low economic social, 3) high natural physical region had the potential to realize sustainable small holder dairy cattle, while low natural physical region the availibility of water and forage represent aspect which need to get attention.
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Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology