Judul: Produksi dan Kualitas Telur Ayam ISA Brown yang diberi Ransum Rendah Protein pada Pemeliharaan Terintegrasi dengan Kolam Azolla untuk Mitigasi Amonia
Abstrak: Poultry livestock base on environmental friendly is a concept that unisolate sector of livestock in many countries. All of the strategies made to realize the concept were aimed to improve the environmental quality while still maintaining the productivity of livestock. The expansion rate of livestock industries have to increase continuously and expected for concept implementation. The major component which can be break down the concept was ammonia emission (NH3) of waste. Many alternative of strategies have been observed and discussed regarding to NH3 mitigation from upstream (diets) to downstream (environment control) and showed the unoptimum result. Therefore, it is required the optimum strategy regarding NH3 mitigation beside kept on the minimum safety standards for animal before application. One of strategies that can be applied is feeding low crude protein diet with supplemented essential amino acid reared in the farm integrated with Pond-Grown azolla. The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether feeding laying hen low crude protein (CP) diet would reduce ammonia (NH3) volatilization in excreta but with minimum effects on performances and egg quality of hens, bacterial counts of pathogen and non pathogen in excreta, capability azolla as biofilter of waste water, and physical quality of waste water of pond integrated reared in the farm. This study used 240 ISA Brown hens of 22-week old and were raised for eight weeks to analyzed the effect of feeding hens low crude protein diet on the performances, egg quality of hens, excreta NH3, and bacterial counts of pathogen (E.Coli) and non pathogen (Lactobacillus sp.). This study used a completely randomized design with two treatments and fifteen replications to measure performances, egg quality of hens, excreta NH3, bacterial counts of pathogen and non pathogen in excreta, and used factorial completely randomized design with three factor experiments 2x2x4 with two replications to measure physical quality of waste water. The treatment diets were: R17 diet contain 17% crude protein and R15 diet contain 15% crude protein with supplemented essential amino acid. Parameters measured were feed intake, hen day production, egg mass production, feed conversion, egg weight, body weight gain, eggshell weight, shell percentage, eggshell thickness, egg surface area, egg yolk color score, albumen height, haugh unit, excreta NH3, excreta N, moisture, pH, bacterial counts of Eschericia coli and Lactobacillus sp., N biomass azolla, TDS, temperature, pH of waste water, and analysis income over feed cost. The results showed that feeding laying hens with low crude protein diet (R15) significantly (P<0.05) decreased excreta NH3 about 18.4% to 27.0%, significantly (P<0.05) increased feed conversion and can be induced the decreasing (P<0.05) hen day production to 21.5%. Feeding laying hens with low crude protein diet could maintain quality of egg such as eggshell weight, shell percentage, eggshell thickness, egg surface area, egg yolk color score, albumen height, haugh unit. The results of proximate analysis showed that biomass of azolla whether evaluate in pond integrated reared in the farm had obtained the increasing biomass N to 29.1%. The results also showed that no interaction effects between three factor on physical quality of waste water except effects of terrace pond.
Keyword: ammonia mitigation, egg quality, low crude protein diet, performances, waste water quality

Judul: Organic Mineral Mixed Supplementation In The Feed Of Isa Brown Laying Hens On The Performance And Quality Of Eggs Aged 68-75 Weeks
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi suplementasi campuran mineral organik dalam pakan terhadap performa dan kualitas telur ayam Isa brown umur 68-75 minggu. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2033 ayam petelur strain Isa brown berumur 68 minggu sampai 75 minggu. Dalam pengujian kualitas, 24 sampel digunakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 2 perlakuan dan 12 ulangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yaitu: T0 (pakan kontrol), dan T1 (pakan kontrol + suplementasi campuran mineral organik). Variabel yang diamati adalah kualitas telur (warna kerabang, kekuatan kerabang, ketebalan kerabang, dan haugh unit) dan performa yang diamati (konsumsi pakan, produksi telur, bobot telur, konversi pakan, dan produksi massa telur). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji paired sample T-test dan uji wilcoxon dengan taraf 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suplemen campuran mineral organik berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap produksi telur ayam, konversi pakan, produksi massa telur, warna cangkang, ketebalan cangkang, dan kekuatan cangkang, tetapi tidak terdapat perbedaan nyata (P>0,05) terhadap bobot telur, konsumsi pakan, dan haugh unit. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan suplementasi campuran mineral organik dapat memberikan hasil yang baik pada performa dan kualitas telur ayam sehingga dapat diaplikasikan., This study was conducted to evaluate organic mineral mixed suplementation In the feed of Isa brown laying hens on the performance and quality of eggs aged 68-75 Weeks. This study used 2033 laying hens strain Isa brown aged 68 weeks to 75 weeks. In quality testing, 24 samples were used. This study used 2 treatments and 12 replications. The method used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) were: T0 (control feed), and T1 (control feed + organic mineral mixture supplementation). The observed variables were egg quality (shell color, shell strength, shell thickness, and haugh unit) and observed performance (feed consumption, egg production, egg weight, feed conversion, and egg mass production). Data were analyzed using paired sample T-test and wilcoxon test with a level of 5%.The results showed that organic mineral mix supplement had a significant effect (P<0,05) on hen day production, feed conversion, egg mass production, shell color, shell thickness, and shell strength, but there was no significant difference (P>0,05) on feed consumption, egg weight, haugh unit. The results of this study can be concluded that the use of organic mineral mixture supplementation can provide good results on the performance and quality of chicken eggs so that it can be applied.
Keyword: egg quality, laying hen (Isa brown), organic mineral, performance

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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