Judul: Analisis Peran Gender dalam Budaya Matrilineal, Manajemen Keuangan, dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga di Provinsi Sumatera Barat (Kasus pada Keluarga Pengrajin Bordir dan Sulaman)
Abstrak: West Sumatera is identical to the Minangkabau culture. Minangkabau culture has a unique culture compared to other cultures, and the only cultures in Indonesia that adopted matrilineal system. This research aimed to analyze gender role in matrilineal system, financial management activity, and family well-being in embroidery industry in West Sumatera. This research conducted in two districts: Kabupaten Lima Puluh Kota; Kota Bukittinggi. The data was collected on April until June 2012. There were 100 families as the sample of this research that was chosen purposively (respondent is wife/mother). The criteria of sample family are: intact family, there is at least a child that still enrolls in school, and the wife is get involved in the embroidery industry. The results showed that gender roles in decision making and division of labor in family were in a moderate level of gender partnerships between husband and wife in the family activities. The family financial management applied in moderate level, while the application of gender partnership has a low level. The family subjective well-being was showed by moderate level of wife satisfaction. The business income of women, gender roles of family financial management, and rural or urban location were dominant by factors that influenced family objective wellbeing; while the number of children, and gender roles in division of labor negatively effected the objective family well-being. The number of children, family income, application of family financial management were dominant by factors that influenced family subjective wellbeing; while the gender roles in division of labor, and rural or urban location negatively effected the subjective family well-being.
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Judul: Peran Istri dalam Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Keluarga dan Kesejahteraan Subyektif Keluarga Nelayan pada Sistem Matrilineal
Abstrak: Wife’s role in managing family resources determined as her bargaining position in planning, controlling, actuating, and managing family resources. Matrilineal system creates a typical role of women because of it’s maternal areships. This study intended to analyze the effect of wife’s role in managing family resources to fishermen family’s subjective well-being. This study was placed in Batang Arau Village, Padang Selatan Sub-District, Padang Municipality, West Sumatra, from February to March 2012. There were 60 fishermen families involved in this study, both 30 owner fishermen and 30 laborer fishermen from Minangkabau ethnics chosen by using snowball method. Data collection was held with guidance of questionnaire, then was analyzed with descriptive statistics, independent sample t-test, paired sample t-test, and multiple linear regression test. The result showed that difference between perceived norms and practice on implementing matrilineal system was detected among fishermen families (p<0,05). Fishermen families were in a high level of wife’s role. Subjective well-being of fishermen’s wife was also in a high category. The were no difference of owner fishermen and laborer fishermen’s subjective well-being (p>0,05). Subjective well-being was affected by family size and wife’s contribution in family income.
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Judul: Pertahanan pada ikan terhadap infestasi ichthyophthirius multifiliis dengan tetrahymena pyriformis dan tetrahymena thermophila
Abstrak: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis adalah protozoa dari kelas Oligohymenophorea, ordo Hymenostomatida dan famili Ophryoglenidae. Protozoa ini sering menyerang ikan liar, ikan yang dibudidayakan dan ikan hias dalam akuarium. Bentuk dewasanya (trophozoit) tinggal dibawah kulit ikan yang menjadi inangnya. Mereka makan runtuhan sel dan mengelupaskan epithel. Angka mortalitas dapat mencapai 100% pada ikan yang dipelihara dalam akuarium. Penyakit ini telah dilaporkan dari semua benua. Banyak preparat kimia yang dapat dipakai untuk mengontrol parasit ini. Yang paling berhasil dari antara preparat-preparat kimia yang digunakan adalah malachite green dengan konsentrasi 0.25 ppm yang dibiarkan bekerja selama 1 jam. Namun ada masalah yang timbul dalam pengobatan, karena di dalam hampir setiap perairan terdapat parasit tersebut. Hal ini menyebabkan sewaktu-waktu atau secara kontinyu terjadi infestasi oleh parasit ini dalam populasi ikan. Untuk mengatasi masalah ini maka tindakan yang dianggap praktis dan efektif untuk mengontrol parasit ini adalah imunisasi. Disinipun timbul permasalahan pula. Karena Ichthyophthirius multifiliis adalah parasit obligat, maka sulit mengumpulkannya dalam jumlah yang cukup untuk pembu- atan vaksin. Maka dicari sumber lain untuk membuat vaksin terhadap parasit ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa Tetrahymena pyriformis dan Tetrahymena thermophila dapat dipakai sebagai vaksin terhadap Ichthyophthirius multifiliis. Masalah yang timbul kemudian adalah bahwa perlindungan terhadap Ichthyophthirius multifiliis ternyata tergantung pada strain (galur) atau isolat dari kedua spesies Tetrahymena di atas yang digunakan. Sebagai pertahanan bentuk lain dari ikan selain imunitas dapat dikemukakan ketahanan non imunologis yang tergantung pada spesies ikan dan kenaikan kadar vitamin C didalam makanan.
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