Judul: Economic Value Estimation of Erosion Control Services and Management Strategies of Natural Reserves (Case Study: Besowo Gadungan Nature Reserve, Kepung District, Kediri Regency)
Abstrak: Cagar Alam Besowo Gadungan terletak di lereng Gunung Kelud pada ketinggian 525 mdpl. Bagi masyarakat setempat, CA Besowo Gadungan penting perannya sebagai perlindungan topografi tanah untuk menghindari erosi. Keanekaragaman yang ada di CA Besowo Gadungan masih sering digunakan untuk hal yang ilegal, contohnya seperti pencurian bambu muda yang dampaknya dapat mengganggu keberlangsungan ekosistem yang ada. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap manfaat cagar alam, mengestimasi total nilai ekonomi jasa layanan pengaturan erosi, dan menganalisis strategi pengelolaan kawasan penyangga yang mendukung fungsi pengendalian erosi di CA Besowo Gadungan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis skala likert, universal soil loss equation, replacement cost, dan analytical hierarchy process. Masyarakat memiliki persepsi sangat setuju (3,37) terhadap manfaat keberadaan Cagar Alam Besowo Gadungan. Nilai pencegahan erosi total untuk skenario pertama dan kedua berturut-turut adalah Rp153.951.660,74 dan Rp26.871.710,3. Berdasarkan penentuan strategi pengelolaan kawasan penyangga, kriteria prioritas dalam pengelolaan adalah peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat, yakni dengan bobot 0,539., Besowo Gadungan NR is located on the slopes of Mount Kelud at an altitude of 525 meters above sea level. For the local community, Besowo Gadungan NR has a very important role as topographic protection of the soil to avoid erosion. Unfortunately, Diversity in Besowo Gadungan NR is still often used for illegal things, for example, such as stealing young bambu whose impacts can disrupt the sustainability of the existing ecosystem. This study aims to analizing the perception of people about benefit of nature reserve, estimate the total economic value of provisioning service for erosion control, and analyze buffer zone management strategies that support erosion control functions in Besowo Gadungan NR. This study uses descriptive analysis methods, universal soil loss equation, replacement cost, and analytical hierarchy process. The community has a perception that strongly agrees (3.37) on the benefits of the existence of the Besowo Gadungan NR. The total erosion prevention values for the first and second scenarios were Rp. 153,951,660.74 and Rp. 26,871,710.3 respectively. Based on the determination of the buffer area management strategy, the priority criteria in management are the criteria for improving the community's economy, namely with a weight of 0.539.
Keyword: analytical hierarchy process, persepsi masyarakat, replacement cost, USLE

Judul: Estimation of Economic Value of Carbon Sequestration and Sustainable Peatland Management Strategy in Kedaton Village Kayu Agung District
Abstrak: Ekosistem gambut di Kelurahan Kedaton terdegradasi akibat penggundulan hutan, drainase buatan, kebakaran hutan dan lahan, dan konversi lahan ke pertanian dan perkebunan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengidentifikasi kondisi pengelolaan lahan gambut Kelurahan Kedaton, (2) mengestimasi carbon stock dan nilai ekonomi serapan karbon di lahan gambut Kelurahan Kedaton, (3) menganalisis strategi pengelolaan lahan gambut berkelanjutan Kelurahan Kedaton. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, persamaan allometrik, dan Analytical Hierarchy Process. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pengelolaan Kebun Plasma Nutfah belum berjalan aktif karena kontrak kerja sama telah berakhir, dan pengelolaan lahan gambut administratif Kelurahan Kedaton belum dilakukan secara kolaboratif, (2) nilai ekonomi serapan karbon total adalah sebesar Rp 398.561.553.448 (3) program pengelolaan lahan gambut berkelanjutan di Kelurahan Kedaton yang menjadi prioritas diantaranya promosi pengetahuan dan kelembagaan tradisional di kalangan generasi muda; inisiasi forum komunikasi para pihak untuk pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan lahan gambut; RPJM/RKP kelurahan memasukkan nilai pelestarian lahan gambut; dan pengembangan rencana bisnis pengelolaan lahan gambut., Peat ecosystems in peat ecosystems in Kedaton Village are degraded due to deforestation, artificial drainage, forest and land fires, and land conversion to agriculture and plantations. The objectives of this research are (1) to identify the condition of peatland management in Kedaton Village, (2) to estimate the biomass content and carbon stock as well as the economic value of carbon sequestration in Kedaton Village peatlands, (3) to analyze sustainable peatland management strategies in Kedaton Village. The methods used in this research are descriptive qualitative, allometric equation, and Analytical Hierarchy Process. The results showed that: (1) the management of the Kebun Plasma Nutfah has not been active because the cooperation contract has ended, and the administrative peatland management of Kedaton Village has not been carried out collaboratively, (2) the economic value of total carbon sequestration is Rp 398.561.553.448 (3) priority sustainable peatland management programs in Kedaton Village include the promotion of traditional knowledge and institutions among the younger generation; initiation of a communication forum for peatland management and utilization; RPJM/RKP of the village includes the value of peatland conservation; and development of a peatland management business plan.
Keyword: restoration

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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