Judul: The Ultrasound Imaging of Bladder,  Kidney, and Liver in Piglets (Sus scrofa domestica)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran USG hati, ginjal dan kandung kemih pada anak babi (Sus scrofa domestica), sehingga data tersebut dapat digunakan sebagai acuan untuk pemeriksaan posisi, ekogenisitas, dan ukuran. Ultrasonografi dilakukan pada enam ekor anak babi jantan berumur 1 bulan 1 hari. Pemeriksaan klinis dilakukan untuk memastikan anak babi dalam keadaan sehat. USG hati dan kandung kemih diamati pada posisi dorsal recumbency, sedangkan ginjal diamati pada posisi lateral-recumbency. Ultrasonografi dilakukan menggunakan Chison EBit 60, transduser linier dengan frekuensi 9 MHz pada posisi sagital dan gain 50 - 80. Ekogenisitas hati cenderung hiperekoik, ginjal hiperekoik, dan kandung kemih hipoekoik karena penggunaan gain yang tidak tepat. Pencitraan kandung kemih menunjukkan perubahan ukuran dinding dan ekogenisitas. Panjang rata-rata ginjal kanan 4,73±0,50 cm dan ginjal kiri 4,08±0,26 cm. Ketebalan dinding kandung kemih adalah 1,3 ± 0,31 mm. Pengukuran panjang ginjal dan ketebalan dinding kandung kemih yang diperoleh menunjukkan hasil yang hampir seragam sehingga pada penelitian ini diketahui posisi, ekogenisitas, dan ukuran organ normal, This study aims to determine ultrasound imaging of the liver, kidneys and bladder in piglets (Sus scrofa domestica), therefore the data can be used as reference for examination position, echogenicity, and size of the organs. Ultrasound was performed on six male piglets aged 1 month and 1 day. Clinical examination was conducted to ensure that the piglets are in good health. Ultrasound of the liver and bladder was observed in dorsal-recumbency position, while the kidneys were observed in lateral-recumbency positions. Ultrasound was performed using Chison EBit 60, linear transducer with 9 MHz frequency at the sagittal position and gain 50 - 80. The echogenicity of the liver tends to be hyperechoic, the kidneys are hyperechoic, and the bladder is hypoechoic due to improper use of gain. Bladder imaging showed changes in wall size and echogenicity. The average length of the right kidney was 4.73±0.50 cm and the left kidney was 4.08±0.26 cm. The bladder wall thickness is 1.3±0.31 mm. Measurements of kidney length and bladder wall thickness obtained showed almost uniform results so that in this study the data on the position, ecogenicity, and size of normal organs were known.
Keyword: ginjal, hati, Sus scrofa domestica, ultrasonografi, vesika urinaria, bladder, kidney, liver, Sus scrofa domestica, ultrasonography

Judul: Morfometri Struktur Internal Organ Ginjal, Aorta Abdominalis, dan Kantung kemih pada Babi (Sus scrofa domestica)
Abstrak: This study aimed to know the internal structure morphometry of the kidney, abdominal aorta, and bladder on pig (Sus scrofa domestica), therefore the data can be used to be the reference of position, form, echogenicity, and size of the organ. An ultrasound performed on six pigs, three males and three females with body weight 25.0-31.0 kg. Physical examination and blood analysis were done to make sure the pig in a healthy condition. Ultrasound of the kidney and abdominal aorta observed in lateral recumbency position, whereas the bladder were observed on the dorsal recumbency position. Ultrasound was performed using a 5.5 MHz convex transducer at the transversal and sagittal position. Results of the right kidney was 7.02±0.40 cm in length, 2.74±0.08 cm in height, and 4.51±0.27 cm in width, for the left kidney was 6.64±0.72 cm in length, 2.59±0.09 cm in height, and 3.44±0.32 cm in width. Diameter results of the abdominal aorta was 1.00±0.14 cm. The maximum length of the kidneys and the diameter of the abdominal aorta were compared to get the ratio value. The ratio value results was 1:7.02 for the right kidney and 1:6.64 for the left kidney. Wall thickness results of bladder in sagittal view was 0.26±0.12 cm and in transversal view was 0.25±0.10 cm. The results of this research can be a normal data for the size of the kidneys, abdominal aorta, and bladder on a pig.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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