Judul: Keragaman Alel Kuda Laut (Hippocampus comes Cantor, 1849) Berdasarkan Metode PCR-RFLP di Perairan Bintan, Kepulauan Riau.
Abstrak: Kuda laut (Hippocampus comes Cantor, 1849) merupakan organisme yang memiliki sistem reproduksi unik. Keunikan tersebut merupakan kehamilan yang terjadi pada organisme jantan. Spesies ini dicatat sebagai endangered atau vulnerable species menurut IUCN, dan menurut CITES kuda laut dimasukkan dalam Apendiks II. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi keragaman alel spesies kuda laut berdasarkan PCR-RFLP di perairan Bintan Kepulauan Riau sebagai tahap awal dalam pengelolaan. Sebanyak 11 sampel dianalisis menggunakan teknik PCR-RFLP, dengan dua enzim restriksi EcoRI dan AluI. Hasil analisis menunjukkan dua tipe pemotongan fragmen DNA berdasarkan enzim restriksi. Enzim EcoRI tidak mampu memotong fragmen DNA. Enzim AluI mampu memotong fragmen DNA sehingga tervisualisasi dua tipe alel. Hasil perhitungan parameter genetika populasi yang kurang dari satu menunjukkan bahwa keragaman genetik populasi kuda laut jenis Hippocampus comes di perairan Bintan rendah.
Keyword: alel, keragaman genetik, kuda laut (Hippocampus comes)

Judul: Analisis Molekuler Kuda Laut (Hippocampus spp.) Berdasarkan Gen 16S rRNA dan COI di Perairan Kepulauan Riau dan Lampung
Abstrak: Kuda laut (Hippocampus spp.) termasuk ke dalam Famili Syngnathidae yang memiliki tubuh bersegmen, sirip dada, sirip punggung, sirip dubur, dan tidak mempunyai sirip ekor. Kuda laut sulit dibedakan berdasarkan warna, bentuk, dan ukuran tubuh saja. Fenomena cryptic dan complex species pada kuda laut menyebabkan kesalahan identifikasi secara morfologi. Distribusi kuda laut di Indonesia terdapat di perairan Kepulauan Riau dan Lampung. Identifikasi secara molekuler dapat meningkatkan keakuratan dan meminimalkan kesalahan identifikasi. Salah satu teknik dalam identifikasi molekuler yaitu DNA barcoding. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kuda laut secara molekuler dan menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan kuda laut berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dan COI di perairan Kepulauan Riau dan Lampung. Ekstraksi DNA menggunakan Qiamp DNA Blood and Tissue kit Qiagen. Hasil identifikasi kuda laut secara molekuler berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dan COI di perairan Kepulauan Riau merupakan spesies H. comes (N = 2) dan H. kuda (N = 1). Berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dan COI kuda laut di perairan Lampung merupakan spesies H. comes (N = 3). Nilai jarak genetik H. comes di perairan Kepulauan Riau dan Lampung berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dan gen COI yaitu 0.000 dan 0.000 – 0.002. Nilai jarak genetik H. comes dan H. kuda berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dan COI yaitu 0.064 dan 0.115. Berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA pada H. comes di perairan Kepulauan Riau (N = 2) dan Lampung (N = 3) ditemukan 1 haplotipe (haplotipe 1; N = 5). Berdasarkan gen COI pada H. comes di perairan Kepulauan Riau (N = 2) ditemukan 1 haplotipe (haplotipe 1; N = 2). Berdasarkan gen COI pada H. comes di perairan Lampung (N = 3) ditemukan 2 haplotipe (haplotipe 1; N = 2, dan haplotipe 2; N = 1). Analisis filogenetik H. comes di perairan Kepulauan Riau dan Lampung identik berdasarkan gen 16S rRNA dan COI. Berdasarkan analisis filogenetik gen 16S rRNA dan COI H. kuda di perairan Kepulauan Riau (N=1) termasuk ke dalam lineage B (Samudera Hindia).
Keyword: COI, Hippocampus spp., Kepulauan Riau, Lampung, 16S rRNA

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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