Judul: Pengaruh konsentrasi natrium hidroksida dan jenis cairan pencuci terhadap rendemen dan mutu isolat eugenol minyak daun cengkeh (Syzigium aromaticum)
Abstrak: iversit Pengolahan lebih lanjut terhadap minyak daun cengkeh akan diperoleh eugenol yang mempunyai nilai ekonomi lebih tinggi dari bahan asalnya. Pada penelitian isolasi eugenol terdahulu dipergunakan larutan NaOH 4 persen dengan jumlah perbandingan volume 1:5, dan sebagai cairan pencuci digunakan eter. Dalam penelitian ini telah dicobakan penggunaan larutan NaOH dengan konsentrasi dan jumlah perbandingan volume, serta jenis cairan pencuci yang lain. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan konsentrasi NaOH mempunyai tiga taraf yaitu, 4; 5; dan 6 persen dengan jumlah perbandingan volume masing- masing 1: 5; 14; dan 1 3,5. Sedangkan ketiga taraf perlakuan untuk jenis cairan pencuci adalah air, eter, dan heksan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap rendemen, kemurnian, bobot jenis, indeks bias, dan kelarutan dalam alkohol 70 persen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rendemen dipengaruhi oleh jenis cairan pencuci serta interaksi antara konsentrasi NaOH dengan jenis cairan pencuci. Indeks bias dan kelarutan dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi NaOH dan jenis cairan pencuci serta interaksi antara keduanya. Sedangkan kemurnian dan bobot jenis dipengaruhi oleh konsentrasi NaOH dan jenis cairan pencuci. Kondisi perlakuan yang memberikan isolat eugenol dengan rendemen yang baik dan mutu yang memenuhi syarat dicapai pada tingkat konsentrasi NaOH 5 persen dengan cairan pencuci heksan….
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Judul: Kajian Pengaruh Bahan Baku Dan Nisbah Minyak Daun Cengkeh Dengan Larutan NaOH 10% Terhadap Rendemen Dan Karakteristik Isolat Eugenol
Abstrak: Indonesia has high potential clove leaves oil business opportunity especially in the areas that have high production of cloves, example Java island with cloves cultivation area are about ± 50,000 ha (Balitro 2005) .. It's predicted have falls clove leaves about ± 305 tones/day or equivalent with 4.4 ton clove leaves oil/day. According to Uhe (2005), International market prices for clove leaves oil on February 2005 are 4.25 US Dollar per kg. One way to increase clove leaves oil value is producing isolate compound of clove leaves oil, called eugenol. Eugenol prices is more expensive than clove leaves oil. For illustration, while clove leaves oil prices is Rp. 25,000lkg, eugenol prices is Rp. 75,000/kg (lndesso, 2006). In international market, eugenol from Indonesia has lower raw price because of its lower quality. The price is about 5.15 US Dollar per kg CUhe 2(05). Eugenol can be used as raws material in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food industries, and also as mixture in ingredient for cigarette industries. Eugenol was produce by isolating eugenol from clove leave oil. The chemical process of eugenol isolating is conducted by reaction of clove ' leave oil and strong base by using (Natrium Hidroxyde) to form Na-eugenolat. Eugenol can be regmerated from Na-eugenolat by using the HCI solution. Based on Sumangat et. al research (2003), eugenol isolation with NaOH 6% and ratio of clove leaves and NaOH is 1:7 producing eugenol with yield 67.8- 68.3, purity 99.3% - 99.5% and effectively about 89.5%. The aim of this research is to get the best combination treatment between raws material and ratio between clove leaves oil and NaOH 10%. Distillation method will be doing in 2 ways, treatment will be conducted for distilled clove leaves oil with steam method and condensation method. Ratio between Clove leaves oil and NaOH 10% are 1: 2; 1 : 2.5; and 1 : 3. Treatment design will be using Complete Factorial Random Design Clove leaves oil reacting with NaOH 10%, squealer for 30 minutes with 590 rpm, left for 24 hours, then the substratum which is eugenol compound reacting with HCl 6%, then it washes using hexane. The yield, purity, effectively, and also the physical chemical of eugenol (i.e. refraction index, density, purity, solubility in ethanol 70% and colour) were analysed. The analysis shows that distilled clove leaves oil method affecting the yield, degree of purity, isolation process effectively, and isolat eugenol yield aspect, but the ratio clove leaves oil with NaOH 10% affecting isolation process effectively, and isolate eugenol yield. The Yield by distillation method of clove leaves oil are 63.71 % while steam method are 63.24%. Yield by ratio treatment of clove leaves oil and NaOH 10% (1: 2~ 1 : 2.5; 1 : 3) in sequence arc 63.37 %, 63.62 (%, ancl 63.44%. Eugenol purity by distillation method of clove leaves oil are 97.24 % while by steam method are 98.36 %. Eugenol purity by ratio treatment of clove leaves oil and NaOH 10% (1: 2; 1 : 2.5; 1 : 3) in sequence are 97.44 %,97.57 (Xl, and 98.39 %, and the isolation
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Judul: Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Pola Aktivitas Manusia dengan Pemodelan Data Spatio-Temporal
Abstrak: The human activity in a given time period will shape its pattern. This research develops a spatiotemporal data model to support the prediction of human existence based on activity-pattern and also visualizes the activity locations in a GIS environment. This so-called mobility oriented spatiotemporal data model conceptualizes the spatial and temporal interaction of activity behaviour using the concept of mobility. In other words, activity patterns are conceptualized as a sequence of staying at or traveling between activity locations. The model can support the analysis and queries of activities from different perspectives, i.e. queries can be time-oriented, person-oriented, activity-oriented, and location-oriented. A prototype system based on the activity data modelling is implemented in MySQL 5.0.27 as DBMS with using PhpMyAdmin 2.9.1.1 software. Spatial database is developed with using software QuantumGIS and ArcView. The system could be accessed online through a web browser with MySQL as its database storage and Pmapper framework as the tools used in visualizing the activity locations.The information were provided in the form of activity attribute-data as the user requested and graphical-data (map) which contains information about its activity locations.
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