Judul: Spatial distribution of greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture sector in Indonesia based on inter-governmental panel on climate change methodology using geographic information system and internet technologies
Abstrak: Global climate change has become worldwide issues because of the increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) resulted from human activities, mostly fossil fuel use, land-use change and agriculture. Agriculture activities are the main sources of methane emissions; particularly rice cultivation. In addition to methane, this sector emits other GHGs such as: nitrous oxide, nitrogen oxide, and carbon monoxide.
Keyword: Climate change methodology, Geographic information system, Internet technologies

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Methane (CH,) is one of reactive greenhouse gases, its current concentration in atmosphere is increasing with a rate of about 12 + 1 ppbvlyr. An increase of 12 ppbv requires an excess of sources over sinks of 36 Tglyr. Roughly 70% of the total global emission of atmospheric methane (500 f 100 Tglyr) stems from anthropogenic sources mainly from anaerobic decay of organic matter in rice fields and enteric fermentation in ruminants, and about 30% stems from natural sources mainly frcm wetlands. Rice fields are considered as one of important sources of methane emissions into the atmosphere. Estimates of methane from this source show a wide range of 30 - 100 Tglyr with an average of about 60 Tglyr or around 18% of the total global methane emissions. There are large uncertainties about methane emission rates from wetland rice, these are due to the differences of agroclimatic condition and agricultural practices from one region to the others. Most studies on methane emission rates from rice fields are conducted in temperate regions, and practically no data are available from tropical regions. Those data obtained from temperate regions are used to extrapolate global methane emissions from rice fields.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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