Judul: Description of Blood Pressure and Oxygen Saturation Pre and Post Induction of Acute Myocardial Infarction in Pigs (Sus scrofa domestica)
Abstrak: Infark miokardium merupakan penyakit kardiovaskular dengan tingkat kematian yang cukup tinggi. Pemeriksaan tekanan darah dan saturasi oksigen (SpO₂) pada pasien dapat dilakukan untuk mendeteksi masalah sirkulasi pada tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui gambaran nilai tekanan darah dan SpO₂ pada babi pre dan post induksi infark miokardium akut. Babi diinduksi infark miokardium akut dengan ligasi di proksimal arteri circumflex coronary. Tekanan darah diperiksa menggunakan non-invasive blood pressure cuff yang disambungkan dengan veterinary blood pressure monitor dan SpO₂ diperiksa menggunakan SpO₂ adapter cable yang disambungkan dengan patient monitor. Data yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini dianalisis secara deskriptif terhadap perubahan SpO₂ dan tekanan darah ±15 menit pre dan post induksi infark miokardium akut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penurunan rata-rata nilai tekanan darah sistolik dari 93,4 ± 11,08 mmHg menjadi 68,4 ± 13,79 mmHg. Rata-rata nilai tekanan darah diastolik menurun dari 54,6 ± 16,1 mmHg menjadi 37,6 ± 15,79 mmHg. Rata-rata nilai SpO₂ menunjukkan kenaikan dari 94.6 ± 6,23% menjadi 96,2 ± 2,95%. Nilai tekanan darah berada di bawah rentang normal pre induksi dan semakin menurun post induksi. Nilai SpO₂ mengalami perubahan yang bervariasi pada setiap individu dengan rata-rata mengalami kenaikan., Myocardial infarction is a cardiovascular disease with high mortality rate. Examination of blood pressure and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) in patients can be done to detect circulation problems in the body. This study aims to describe the value of blood pressure and SpO₂ in pigs pre and post induction of acute myocardial infarction. Pigs induced with acute myocardial infarction by ligation of the proximal branch of the circumflex coronary artery. Blood pressure was checked using a non-invasive blood pressure cuff connected to a veterinary blood pressure monitor and SpO₂ was checked using an SpO₂ adapter cable connected to the patient monitor. The data obtained from this study were analyzed descriptively on changes in SpO₂ and blood pressure ±15 minutes pre and post induction of acute myocardial infarction. The results showed a decrease in the average value of systolic blood pressure from 93,4 ± 11,08 mmHg to 68,4 ± 13,79 mmHg. The average value of diastolic blood pressure decreased from 54,6 ± 16,1 mmHg to 37,6 ± 15,79 mmHg. The average SpO₂ value showed an increase from 94,6 ± 6,23% to 96,2 ± 2,95%. Blood pressure values were below the normal range pre induction and decreased post induction. The value of SpO₂ varies in each individual with an increased average.
Keyword: babi, infark miokardium, saturasi oksigen, tekanan darah, blood pressure, myocardial infarction, oxygen saturation, pigs

Judul: Physiological Parameters of Pig (Sus scrofa domestica) Post-Induced Cardiac Infarction with Total Occlusion in Circumflex Artery
Abstrak: Penyakit kardiovaskular adalah penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Sistem kardiovaskular babi dapat digunakan dalam penelitian infark miokardium karena memiliki kemiripan anatomi dan fisiologi dengan manusia. Pemeriksaan parameter fisiologis selama pembedahan merupakan cara cepat dan efisien untuk memantau kondisi pasien, mengidentifikasi masalah, dan mengevaluasi respons pasien terhadap intervensi bedah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui parameter fisiologis terkait nilai frekuensi napas, frekuensi jantung, dan suhu tubuh 15 menit sebelum dan sesudah induksi oklusi total arteri circumflexa dengan cara ligasi pada babi. Babi yang digunakan berjumlah lima ekor dengan jenis kelamin empat jantan satu betina bobot 51–55 kg. Frekuensi napas dan jantung dipantau dari patient monitor serta suhu tubuh diukur dari termometer digital. Data yang diperoleh diolah secara deskriptif. Frekuensi napas dan frekuensi jantung 15 menit pascainduksi infark miokardium menunjukkan rata-rata terjadinya penurunan tetapi masih berada dalam rentang nilai normal, sedangkan suhu tubuh menunjukkan hasil lebih rendah dari rentang nilai normal meskipun terjadi peningkatan. Hal ini diduga disebabkan perubahan fisiologis, aktivitas saraf, dan hormon., Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the world. Swine cardiovascular system can be used in the study of myocardial infarction because it has anatomical and physiological similarities to humans. Physiological parameters examination during surgery is a quick and efficient way to monitor the patient's condition, identifying problems, and evaluate the patient's response to surgical intervention. This study aims to determine the physiological parameters related to the value of respiratory rate, heart rate, and body temperature 15 minutes before and before induction of total occlusion of the circumflex artery by ligation in pigs. The number of pigs used were five with the sex of four males and one female weighing 51–55 kg. Respiratory and heart rates were monitored from the patient monitor and body temperature was measured from digital thermometer. Obtained data were processed descriptively. The respiratory and heart rate 15 minutes after the induction of myocardial infarction showed an average decrease within the normal range, while body temperature showed a lower result than the normal value range despite an increase. This has been thought due to physiological changes, neural activity, and hormones.
Keyword: babi, frekuensi napas, frekuensi jantung, infark miokard, suhu tubuh, body temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, myocardial infarction, pig

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm