Judul: Validasi sekunder metode analisa campylobacter jejuni pada daging ayam
Abstrak: Foodborne disease (penyakit akibat pangan) merupakan suatu penyakit yang diderita oleh seseorang akibat mengonsumsi makanan yang telah terkontaminasi bahan kimia beracun atau mikroba patogen. Salah satu gejala foodborne disease akibat kontaminasi mikroba patogen yaitu diare. Salmonella spp, Shigella spp dan Campylobacter spp merupakan bakteri-bakteri patogen penyebab diare yang banyak diderita oleh masyarakat. Mikroorganisme tersebut paling banyak ditemukan pada bahan pangan mentah berupa daging unggas, telur, susu, ikan dan sayuran. Campylobacter jejuni merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen yang sering mengontaminasi bahan pangan. Bakteri ini dapat mengontaminasi bahan pangan melalui kotoran ternak, selama proses pemerahan atau infeksi pada puting susu, unggas yang terinfeksi dan air yang tercemar (Stern dan Line 2000). Kasus penyakit diare akibat terinfeksi bakteri Campylobacter dibeberapa negara telah banyak dilaporkan, misalnya di Amerika Serikat dilaporkan sekitar 2,5 juta penderita campylobacteriosis dan 124 penderita meninggal dunia setiap tahunnya (Hu dan Kopecko 2003). Pada tahun 1998 kasus infeksi Campylobacter juga dilaporkan di Belanda sebanyak 3.398 kasus, di Denmark sebanyak 3.372 kasus, di Spanyol sebanyak 4.382 kasus (Schmidt et al. 2001). The Swedish Institute for Infection Desease Control (2008) melaporkan bahwa pada tahun 2007 total 7.106 kasus campylobacteriosis terjadi di Swedia, dengan 77,45 kasus setiap 100.000 populasi. Sedangkan di Indonesia, dari 21.763 penderita diare sekitar 3,6% nya disebabkan karena Campylobacter jejuni (Tjaniadi et al. 2003).
Keyword: Campylobacter jejuni, Foodborne disease, penyakit akibat pangan, mikroba patogen, Salmonella spp, Shigella spp, kontaminasi bahan pangan

Judul: Prevalensi campylobacter jejuni pada karkas ayam dan pengembangan uji deteksinya
Abstrak: Chicken meat and eggs are the main source of animal protein in Indonesia because they are relative cheaper than cattle products. Campylobacter jejuni is a foodborne zoonotic pathogen predominantly found in chicken carcasses. C. jejuni causes gastroenteritis in humans, had a very low infectious dose that is easy to cause infection in humans. The study was aimed to (1) rapidly detect C. jejuni contamination in chicken carcass (2) determine the prevalence of contamination and quantitative analyse of the risk of thermophilic Campylobacter sp. when mishandling consume. (3) produce immune sera against the local isolates that can be used as a reagent for ELISA. A total of 298 chicken carcass samples sold in modern and traditional markets in the area of Jakarta, West Java (Bogor and Sukabumi) and Central Java (Kudus and Demak) were collected and attempted for isolation following ISO/ DIS 10272-1994 protocol, identification using biochemical API Campy, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay using hipO, glyA, fla, and 23S rRNA primer sets for species identification. The result is chicken carcasses sold in the sampling area both traditional markets and supermarkets are contaminated with C. jejuni and C. coli. Prevalence of Campylobacter sp. contamination on chicken carcasses was isolated by conventional (19.8%) and PCR (41.6%). The contamination rate of Campylobacter sp. on chicken carcasses sold in supermarkets, markedly 14.09% is higher than in traditional markets 5.70%. It is also confirmed that the prevalence for contamination of C. jejuni was higher than C. coli. Prevalence of C. jejuni contamination that sold in traditional markets 88.23% was higher than C. coli 11.76%. The prevalence of C. jejuni contamination in carcasses sold in swalayan was 78.57%. These were higher than contamination of C. coli that was identified by conventional methods 21.42%. Flagella and whole cell antigen purification from a local isolate of C. jejuni (C1) was done by glycine extraction and produced flagellar protein of 31 kDa. Animal immunization against flagellar protein extract induced higher specific antibody titers in chicken than rabbits and sheep. A probability model describing variability but not uncertainty was developed in beta-poisson model. The result is microorganism reduction 2 log cfu/gram and the output sof the model was the probability of illness per handling if the roasted chicken mishandled is 4 for 1 000 humans.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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