Judul: Kajian Empiris Interest Rate Pass-Through Sebelum Dan Setelah Subprime Mortgage: Pengalaman 41 Negara Di Dunia
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja kebijakan moneter dengan meneliti dan menguji besarnya penyesuaian tingkat suku bunga pinjaman dan simpanan dalam merespon perubahan tingkat suku bunga pasar. Evaluasi kinerja tingkat penyesuaian interest rate pass-through dilakukan dengan membandingkan periode sebelum dan setelah krisis keuangan global pada tahun 2008. Penelitian ini mencakup 41 negara dunia yang merepresentasikan 3 karakteristik kawasan, yaitu: kawasan regional, pendapatan dan kebijakan inflation targetting yang dianut. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) untuk menghitung besaran koefisien jangka panjang dan Error Correction Model (ECM)-ARDL untuk menghitung besaran koefisien jangka pendek. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pada periode setelah krisis, koefisien jangka panjang pass-through into deposit pada banyak kawasan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan periode sebelum krisis kecuali Asia dan North America. Untuk koefisien jangka panjang pass-through into lending ditemukan hasil koefisien lebih kecil pada periode setelah krisis dibandingkan sebelum krisis untuk banyak kawasan.
Keyword: ARDL, ECM, interest rate pass-through, subprime mortgage

Judul: Analysis of Bank Interest Rate Pass Through Behavior in Indonesia Before and During Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Derajat Interest Rate Pass Through (IRPT) adalah salah satu indikasi keefektifan hal tersebut. Adanya Pandemi Covid-19, berpotensi merubah perilaku pass through. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode ARDL dan NARDL untuk menganalisis perilaku pass through suku bunga perbankan di Indonesia baik pada produk pinjaman maupun deposito. Periode yang digunakan adalah sebelum pandemi (Januari 2017 hingga Februari 2020) dan saat pandemi (Maret 2020 hingga Desember 2022). Temuan penelitian menghasilkan kesimpulan: a) derajat pass through secara umum incomplete b) terjadi penguatan pass through saat pandemi c) pass through deposito lebih besar dibanding pinjaman d) derajat pass through jangka panjang lebih besar e) terdapat upward rigidity jangka panjang suku bunga pinjaman sebelum pandemi dan simetri saat pandemi f) terdapat downward rigidity jangka panjang dan upward rigidity jangka pendek suku bunga deposito kemudian merespon secara simetri saat pandemi., The degree of Interest Rate Pass Through (IRPT) is one indication of the policy effectiveness. The existence of the Covid-19 Pandemic, there may be changes in pass through behavior. This study uses the ARDL and NARDL methods to analyze the pass through behavior of bank interest rates in Indonesia on both loan and deposit products. The research period divided into pre-pandemic (January 2017 untill February 2020) and during pandemic (March 2020 untill December 2022). The research findings lead to the following conclusions: a) the degree of pass through is generally incomplete b) there is a strengthening of pass through during the pandemic c) deposit pass through is greater than loans d) long term pass through is greater than short term e) there is long-term upward rigidity in loan interest rates before the pandemic and symmetry during the pandemic f) there is long-term downward rigidity and short-term upward rigidity in deposit interest rates then respond symmetrically during the pandemic.
Keyword: ARDL, Asymmetric Behavior, Covid-19 Pandemic, Interest Rate Pass Through, NARDL

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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