Judul: Morfologi kornea dan kejadian ulkus kornea pada anjing
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui struktur morfologi kornea hewan kesayangan, perubahan gambaran morfologi pada kasus ulkus kornea, dan kejadian ulkus kornea. Adapun manfaat dari penelitian ini adalah memberikan data dasar tentang struktur mikroskopis kornea anjing dan memberikan gambaran batas kerusakan yang mempunyai peluang untuk sembuh dan yang mengarah pada kebutaan. Sampel penelitian diperoleh dari klinik Praktek Dokter Hewan Bersama (PDHB) 24 jam dan laboratorium histologi. Sampel tersebut terdiri dari 1 bola mata kuda normal, 1 bola mata anjing dewasa normal, 1 bola mata anjing neonatal dan 5 bola mata anjing yang menderita ulkus kornea. Metode penelitian dengan menggunakan metode parafın dan diwarnai dengan pewarnaan histokimia. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kornea hewan kesayangan terdiri dari 4 lapis yang dapat dibedakan dengan jelas, yaitu epitelium, stroma, membran Descemet, dan endotelium. Lapis epitelium neonatal anjing belum sesempurna dewasa, pada dewasa lapis epitelium lebih tebal. Perbedaan gambaran histologis yang terjadi antar species lebih dikarenakan ukuran ketebalan yang ada. Ulkus kornea dapat menyebabkan kebutaan, karena kerusakan terjadi sampai dengan lapisan endotelium. Data menunjukkan bahwa kejadian ulkus kornea cukup sering terjadi pada anjing, dengan anjing Shih Tzu sebagai ras yang rentan….
Keyword: Dog, Corneal ulcer, Domestic animal, Cornea, Shih Tzu

Judul: Studi Kasus: Patologi Anatomi dan Histopatologi Seekor Anjing dengan Tumor Adrenal
Abstrak: Seekor anjing betina lokal berumur 11 tahun dengan anamnese diare berdarah telah dinekropsi di Laboratorium Patologi Veteriner Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Perubahan patologi anatomi saat nekropsi ditemukan ulkus lidah, gastritis ulseratif, enteritis hemoragis, pankreatitis nekrotikan, perdarahan endokardium, hipertrofi ventrikel kiri dan dilatasi ventrikel kanan jantung, pneumoni disertai emfisema paru, tumor adrenal kiri serta nefritis interstitialis kronis. Hasil pemeriksaan histopatologi menunjukkan stomatitis' ulseratif lidah, gastritis ulseratif, enteritis hemoragis, pankreatitis nekrotikan, pembendungan serta degenerasi lemak hati, endokarditis dan miokarditis, pneumoni disertai emfisema dan antrakosis, hiperplasia tiroid, tumor korteks adrenal kiri, hemosiderosis limpa, nefritis interstitiaIis kronis,dan korpus luteum persisten. Studi kasus ini mengkaji hubungan antara kejadian tumor adrenal dengan timbulnya lesio dipelbagai organ dan dikaitkan dengan patogenesa penyebab kematiannya. Tumor korteks adrenal menyebabkan diproduksinya mineralokortikoid secara berlebihan, sehingga dalam waktu yang lama menyebabkan kerusakan ginjal. Kerusakan ginjal kronis menyebabkan uremia, yang selanjutnya menyebabkan kerusakan organ-organ pencernaan seperti stomatitis ulseratif, gastritis ulseratif dan enteritis hemoragis. Selain itu, gagal ginjaI menyebabkan tekanan darah meningkat, dan apabila keadaan ini terus berlangsung akan menyebabkan kegagalan jantung yang akhirnya menimbulkan pembendungan organ visera. Tumor korteks adrenal juga menghasilkan glukokortikoid dan estrogen yang berlebihan, sehingga pada kasus ini ditemukan degenerasi lemaIc haji, korpus luteum persisten dan hiperplasia tiroid.
Keyword: 

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable