Judul: Kajian respon hidrologi DAS keduang menggunakan model MWSWAT
Abstrak: The research was conducted in Keduang watershed (36.426,87 Ha) in Wonogiri district, Central Java Province. The purposes of this research were (1) to analyse hydrological characteristic and erosion of Keduang watershed, (2) to simulate land use scenario response on hydrological characteristic and erosion of Keduang watershed. MWSWAT model was applied to define Hydrologi Response Unit (HRU). Hidrologycal analysis was done with SCS Curve Number and erosion analysis used MUSLE method. This research simulated four land use scenarios consist of (1) existing land use of 2005, (2) increasing forest area based on Act of Forestry No.41/1999, (3) land use change based on spasial plan (RTRW) Wonogiri Regency, and 4) agrotechnology in dry land area. The model was calibrated by using daily flow discharge from January 1st to March 31st and November 1st to December 31st 2004 as well as January 1st to March 20th 2005. The model was calibrated by using monthly sediment discharge from January to December 2004 and January to March 2005.The calibrated MWSWAT model was statisfied by Nash Sutcliffe efficiency (NSE) e.i 0,56 (2004) and 0,45 (2005) for flow discharge, and 0,40 (2004) and 0,48 (2005) for sediment discharge respectly. Although the calibrated model had been statisfied, but the values were below 0,75. It was due to input parameters that calibrating model is less sensitive to obtain the output that highly corelated with data. Calibration process was done by adjusting few parameters that are alpha BF, GW Revap, RCHRG_DP, CHK2, CHN1, ESCO, CH-Cov, CH_EROD, LAT_SED, SPExp, SPCon and USLE_P. The simulation showed that river regim coefficient Keduang watershed is 467,9 (2004) and 58,30 (2005). The runoff coefficient was 0,35 (2004) and 0,30 (2005). The simulation based on four scenario had affected on overlandflow, interflow and base flow. The second scenario resulted lowest overlandflow of 711,14 mm, or decreased 7% from existing condition. The fourth scenario gave lowest sediment yield on 2004 and 2005. Erosion prediction by appliying sediment delivery ratio method showed that simulation on 2004 was 178.634,38 mm/ha/year or 0,04 mm/year, that is lower than observation (75.580.248,11 ton/ha/year or 17,98 mm/year). Tolerable soil loss in Keduang watershed was 1,34 mm/year, however soil erosion of Keduang watershed is higher than tolerable soil loss. Therefore, it needs mitigation to decrease soil erosion in Keduang watershed.
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Judul: Discharge and Sedimentation Prediction by MWSWAT Model In Upper Citarum Sub-Watershed, West Java Province
Abstrak: This research was conducted in Upper Citarum Watershed – Majalaya region, West Java province within 20 520.71 ha area, from Desember 2010 - June 2011. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to calibrate MWSWAT model using local data, (2), to predict discharge and sediment as hydrological response of land use condition using MWSWAT calibrated model and (3) to simulate MWSWAT calibrated model on several land use conditions. Spatial analysis showed 9 land use classifications were identified on Majalaya, such as: forest, industrial, residential, orchard, estate crops, agricultural land, pasture, paddy field, and shrubland. Farmland on Majalaya was dominated by vegetables (corn, leek, cassava, carrot, cabbage, potatoes and garlic), flowers and paddy. Simulation with MWSWAT calibrated model with climate data of May to December 2001 showed an accurrate and satisfy result with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) 0.54 and R2 0.69 for discharge prediction and R2 0.77 and NSE 0.51 for sediment prediction. Calibration proccess was done by adjusting 12 parameters which consists of 8 discharge parameters (OV_N, CN2, SOL_AWC, SOL_K, GW_DELAY, ESCO, ALPHA_BF and CH_K2), and 4 sediment parameters (LAT_SED, SPEXP, SLSSUBBSN, and USLE_P). The calibrated MWSWAT model was used to simulate land use 1994 and 2005 with climate conditions based on 2001. The simulation result showed that the land use 1994 had the lowest water yield (43.41 mm) and sediment yield 0.026 t/ha. Land use 2001 had the highest water yield (44.11 mm) and the lowest sediment yield (0.020 t/ha). Meanwhile, land use 2005 showed water yield 44.05 mm and sediment yield 0.10 t/ha. By comparing land use series 1994, 2001 and 2005, the results showed that several land use changes were happening. A lot of forest area were converted to plantation, orchard and agricultural land and it changed surface roughness, curve number (CN), and also crop factor (C), support practice factor (P), and soil erodibility factor (K) of USLE.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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