Judul: North moluccas nutmeg (Myristica spp.) based on the diversity morphology, essential oil contents, expected nutmeg sex and analysis of SSR markers.
Abstrak: North Moluccas has several species of nutmeg that is necessary to identify the diversity of essential oil components. Differences in species composition and nutmeg will give a different nutmeg oil content as well. Cultivation of nutmeg by identifying the type of sex is very useful and prevent the election of male plants. Characterization based on morphological markers and Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) to Obtain Information and the genetic diversity of sex determination for plant breeding and conservation of plant germplasm nutmeg. The results of the analysis of morphological and agronomic diversity nutmeg identified as belonging to the accession of nutmeg Myristica fragrans Houtt., M. fatua Houtt., M. argentea Warb., M. succedanea Reinw., M. speciosa Warb., M. papuana Scheff., Horsfieldia iryaghedhi Warb., H. globularia Warb., H. spicata Sinclair, H. warb sylvestris Warb., and Myristica sp. Further to the information diversity of germplasm contains oil of nutmeg (Myristica spp.) Of those species. The results of GC-MS analysis of volatile oil produced the highest species M. succedanea Reinw. 12.56% and Myristica sp. (PHG1) and the lowest levels of M. argentea Warb. 8.84% and M.speciosa Warb. 9.37%. While the levels of essential oils containing mace 19.60 - 21.30%. The main aromatic components of nine species of nutmeg and mace nutmeg is myristicin, safrol, elemicin and methyleugenol. Myristicin highest levels encountered in M. fragrans Houtt., M. succedanea Reinw. and Myristica sp. (PTLK). Identification of the type of sex using morphological markers in seeds and seedlings stadia nutmeg, can distinguish between male and female trees, and flowers monoecious and trimonoecious, hermaphrodit. Differences in female and male trees are the female flowers with no anthers and male flowers do not have ovaries. Sex morphology of the female plants habitus more pyramids, larger leaves, flowers 1-3, while the male plants more semi hibitus pyramid - membola with smaller leaves and flower number more than 3 pertangkai. Mofologi sex monoecious plants, and trimonoecious hermaphrodit showed no difference with the female plants. Characterization of Simple Sequence Repeat based markers (SSR), the ten SSR markers to evaluate kinship and genetic diversity of plant germplasm nutmeg, with a high degree of polymorphism of 78%. Obtained an average gene diversity (He) 0.821 and the average heterozygosity (Ho) of 1.00. The highest genetic diversity is generated at the locus M4s14 0.897, while the lowest in M2r6 0.731. High average heterozygosity at all loci. Average Polimorphic Information Content (PIC) for 0.787 is high. Klastering nutmeg species with a genetic similarity level of 23% to form four main clusters with a similarity level of 86.00% till 14:25, it indicates the degree of resemblance in diverse populations of individuals with levels of heterozygosity nutmeg alleles of 1.00%. Generated specific fragments of 150bp-200bp females, and males 500bp-200bp. Determination of seed horned daribiji not produce female plants, and trimonoeciou, gynomonoecious. Seedlings from seeds produced seedlings horned males, andromonoecious, and found no seedlings trimonoecious, gynomonoecious. So that the SSR primers can be used as a marker Vsur34 to distinguish the sex of plants and seed heads on early.
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Judul: Pemetaan Karakteristik Kimia, Fisik, Sensori, dan Fungsional Beberapa Jenis Pala (Myristica spp.).
Abstrak: Utilization of nutmeg flesh in North Maluku is still limited because there are flavors of astringent, bitter, and sour caused by the content of phenolic and organic acids compounds. Phenolic compounds are also known as antioxidant compounds. The purpose of this this research is to investigate chemical, physical, sensory, and functional properties, as well as the relationship between the chemical components with sensory and functional properties of nutmeg flesh. The sample used consist of four type nutmeg from Gebe North Maluku island and two type nutmegs from Bogor area. Type of nutmeg gives significant effect (p<0.05) to chemical, physical, sensory, and functional properties of nutmeg flesh. Biplot analysis describes unripe bogor nutmeg flesh has the characteristic with astringent and bitter taste, high total titrable acid and high antioxidant capacity; ripe bogor nutmeg flesh has characteristic with astringent taste; unripe oval seed and ripe oval seed gebe nutmeg flesh has characteristic with sour taste, high tannin, and high phenolic compound content; unripe round seed gebe nutmeg flesh has characteristic with sour taste; and ripe round seed gebe nutmeg flesh doesnot have characteristic of astringent, sour, and bitter taste. Levels of tannin and total phenol are closely related to bitter taste and antioxidant capacity, but are not closely related to the astringent and sour taste. The content of organic acids are not closely related to the presence of astringent, sour, and bitter taste on nutmeg flesh.
Keyword: Astringent, antioxidant capacity, bitter, nutmeg flesh, sour, tannins, total phenols, total titrable acid

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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