Judul: Pembuatan Chicken Loaf dengan Penambahan Tulang Rawan Ayam Pedaging
Abstrak: Pengolahan daging menjadi berbagai produk makanan merupakan usaha penganekaragaman pangan. Pemanfaatan tulang rawan dalam pembuatan chicken louf dengan cara menambahkannya pada adonan, akan menciptakan suatu produk olahan daging ayam yang memiliki ciri b a s tersendiri dan diharapkan disukai oleh konsumen sebagai pangan sumber protein. Chicken louf merupakan modifikasi dari 17zeul loaf yang menggunakan daging ayam sebagai bahan baku utamanya. Tulang rawan ayam pedaging merupakan salah satu hasil ikutan deboning dari industri pangan hasil ternak yang cukup potensial untuk diolah kembali. Tulang rawan mempunyai kandungan protein dan mineral khususnya kalsium dan fosfor yang cukup tinggi, sehingga dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan tarnbahan dalaln produk-produk pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas dan palatabilitas clzicken louf dengan bcberapa taraf penambahan tulang rawan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola searah dengan lilna kali ulangan. Penambahan tulang rawan ayam pedaging adalah sebanyak 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15%. Bila menunjukkan perbedaan nyata, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Wilayah- Berganda Duncan. Data organoleptik dianalisis secara statistik non paralnetrik dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan jika hasilnya berbeda, maka dilanjutkan dengan uji beda rataan rangking yang dikembangkan oleh Gibbons. Clzicken loufdengan penambahan tulang rawan dapat nemberikan cita rasa khas pada produk yang dihasilkan. Kadar abu clzicken loaf semakin meningkat dengan meningkatnya taraf penambahan tulang rawan ayam pedaging. Sifat kimia clzicken louf pada taraf penambahan 10% adalah kadar air 64,99%, abu 1,93%, kalsium O,54%, fosfor 0,33%, protein 13,78%, lemak 4,91% dan karbohidrat 14,39%. Hasil uji sifat fisik menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tulang rawan ayam tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap stabilitas emulsi dan kekenyalan objekif dari produk clzicken louf yang dihasilkan. Nilai rataan umum dari stabilitas emulsi adalah 0,12 * 0:016 mllg dan kekenyalan objektif sebesar 0,047 * 0,015 mm. Penambahan tulang rawan berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai pH adonan (P<0,01), daya mengikat air (P<0,05), susut masak (P<0,01) dan kekerasan objektif (P<0,01). Rataan nilai pH adalah 6,20 0,011; daya mengkat air 30,79 i 2,53%; susut masak 3,75 * 0,019% dan kekerasan objektif 0;412 =t 0,071 kgicm2. Penambahan tulang rawan ayam pedaging secara organoleptik mempengaruhi warna, tekstur, kekenyalan dan penerimaan umum clzicken loaJ sedangkan rasa dan aroma tidak menghasilkan perbedaan yang nyata. Secara keselumhan, panelis lebih menyukai clzicken loaf dengan penambahan, tulang rawaa kurang dari 10%.
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Judul: Sifat fisik dan organoleptik chicken loaf dengan penambahan sayuran
Abstrak: Meat processing is an effort to make various meat products. Chicken loaf is a modification of meat Ioaj Vegetables are important to get balance food consumption, becouse of it's nutritions contain such as provitamin A and vitamin C, calcium and iron, low calory, and fiber and natural antioksidant. That's why vegetables is very good to be added into chicken loaf: Carrot and celery will be used in this research. The aim of this research is to find out the chicken loaf physical and palatability with some level of vegetables addition. Tlie physical test is pH,. water holding capacity, emulsion stability, cooking loss, hardness and elasticity product. The organoleptic test are colour, flavour, textur, taste, elasticity and panelist acceptability. Randomized block design was used with five level treatment (0%, 5%, lo%, 15%, dan 20%) and three times processing of sample chicken loaf as the block. The physical test was analyzed using ANOVA and any significan diferences were continued with Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The data in percentage which was less from 20% and more than 80% would be transformated to quadratic root. The organoleptic properties was analyzed using non parametric of Krusskal-Wallis. The physical characteristic result showed that the added of vegetables did not made significant differences. The organoleptic test in chicken loaf added of vegetable did not made significan differences to flavour, textur, taste and significant differences to colour and elasticity. The average panelist likes chicken loaf with 15% vegetables added. Keywords : chicken loaf, vegetables (carrot and celery)
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Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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