Judul: Pengaruh fumigasi dengan belerang dioksida terhadap kandungan aflatoksin dalam kacang tanah dan bungkilnya
Abstrak: Hampir segala macam komoditi pertanian dapat tercemar oleh aflatoksin yang sangat beracun dan bersifat karsinogenik. Bahan pangan yang paling sering tercemar oleh aflatoksin adalah kacang tanah dan hasil-hasil olahannya. Metoda yang memuaskan untuk menghilangkan aflatoksin dari bahan pangan belum berhasil didapatkan. Pada ransum ternak sudah diterapkan metoda penghilangan aflatok sin dengan perlakuan ammonia, tetapi metoda ini tidak mungkin diterapkan bagi bahan makanan untuk konsumsi manusia, mengingat perubahan sifat fisik bahan yang diakibatkannya. Belerang dioksida atau bisulfit umum digunakan sebagai bahan aditif makanan, dan diperbolehkan sampai konsentrasi yang cukup tinggi. Dengan demikian fumigasi dengan belerang dioksida merupakan perlakuan yang diharapkan dapat menghilangkan aflatoksin dari bahan pangan tanpa banyak mengubah sifat fisik dari bahan pangan tersebut.
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Judul: Analisis aflaktosin pada bumbu kacang tanah dari dua jenis makanan
Abstrak: Bahan makanan mudah terkontaminasi ccndawan, diantaranya adalah biji-bijian, padi-padian dan kacang-kacangan. Salah satu jenis kacang-kacangan yang mudah terkontarninasi adalab kacang tanab dan produk olahannya. Aflatoksin merupakan salah satu jenis racun yang dihasilkan oleh cendawan pada lnakanan. Aflatoksin merupakan singkatan dari Aspergillus-flavus-toksin (Husaiill, 1976). Aflaloksin dihasilkan oleh beberapa jenis cendawan Aspergillus dan Penicillium, lerutama jenis Aspergillus jlm'us (Diener & Davis, 1969). Aflaloksin diberi nama sesuai dengan penampakan fluoresensnya di bawah sinar UV pada lempeng kromalografi. Apabila penampakan fluoresensnya biru maka diberi kode B (blue), sedangkan bila rujau rnaka diberi kode G (green) (Diener & Davis, 1969). Dari sifat ini dapat digunakan untuk menentukan aflatoksin secara kualitatif dan semi kuanlitatif (Hasjmy et 01., 1984). Dengan menggunakan metode kromatografi lapis tipis dapat digunakan nilai R, unluk uji kualitatif dan membandingkan inlensitas fluoresens conloh dan standar untuk uji semi kuantitatif (AOAC. 1970).
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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