Judul: Ketersediaan Serat Efektif dan Kandungan Tanin Ransum Sapi Perah pada Peternakan Rakyat di Lembang serta Pengaruhnya Terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Susu
Abstrak: Fiber is one of the important nutrients in the diet, especially for ruminants because fiber is a source of energy for the rumen microbes. Availability fiber is an important factor in the formulation of feed for ruminants because of shortage and excess fiber would affect the health of ruminants. This study aims to determine the feed materials used and the adequacy of nutrients, especially fiber effectively given to cattle. This research was carried out by conducting exploratory interviews and sampling of feed materials. Data were collected in five villages with each village consists of 6 breeder. Preparation of rations for ruminants is currently expected not only by BK, CP and TDN but also by fibers mainly NDF and ADF. NDF and ADF content of feed materials ranging from 26.45% - 92.13% and 22:44% - 54.51%, with the total number of awarding NDF and ADF in the ration of 65.33% and 38.57%. Variations in the content of NDF and ADF on feed materials resulting from forage sources used are also varied, especially in the dry season, so that farmers are using agricultural waste as a substitute source of fiber from grass. Agricultural waste contains anti-nutritional tannins especially when excessive aka damage the health of livestock. Tannin content ranging from 0.03%, feed ingredients - 2:43% with tannins in the ration of 0.023%. NDF and ADF content of the ration exceeds the needs of dairy cows which led to reduced energy density and can reduce production. Tannin content in the diet is very small so it does not interfere with the health of livestock.
Keyword: fiber, tanin, Neutral Detergent Fiber, Milk Cow, Lembang

Judul: Efek Suplementasi Ransum yang Mengandung Ikatan Ampas Bir dan Ampas Kecap dengan Seng dan Tembaga terhadap Produksi Susu
Abstrak: Pemberian makanan pada sapi perah erat kaitannya dengan penyediaan pakan yaitu hijauan dan konsentrat. Kondisi kemarau di berbagai daerah memunculkan masalah bagi peternak dalam hal penyediaan pakan, terutama hijauan sehingga pemenuhan kebutuhan energi dan protein bagi ternak tidak tercapai oleh karena rendahnya mutu ransum yang ada. Hal ini beraIcibat pada produksi susu yang dihasilkan rendall. Selain itu salah satu masalah dalam peningkatan produksi susu adalah defisiensi mineral dalam pakan, yang teljadi karena kurangnya daya dukung lingkungan terhadap penyediaan pakan. Oefisiensi mineral yang sering teljadi dalam pakan rLlminansia adalah Zn dan Cu. Kandungan Zn dan Cu dalam pakan ruminansia 20·28 mg/kg dan 4-8 mg/kg BK ransum, nilai ini jauh di bawah kebutuhan rLlminansia sesuai rekomendasi NRC (1988) 40-50 mg/kg dan 10 mg/kg BK ransum. Perbaikan aspek nutrisi melalui penyediaan ransum yangberbasis limbah industri agro dengan kandungan TDN 75% dan PK 18% dan suplel11entasi mineral Zn dan Cu dalam bentuk organik berpengaruh pada efisiensi dan utilitas zat l11akanan.
Keyword: 

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology