Judul: Analisis risiko produksi pembenihan ikan bawal air tawar (Colossoma macropomum) (Studi kasus usaha perikanan H. Ijam di Desa Cikupa, Kecamatan Tenjolaya, Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: Enterprises Colossoma macropomum hatcheries (BAT) is a very risky business. One manufacturer BAT successful to date is Fishery H. Ijam (UPHI). The purpose of this study was to analyze the source of hatchery production risk BAT analyze how the probability and impact of risks seed production in BAT activity, and analyze alternative strategies that can be done to address the risks of production that occurs in UPHI. Six factors are the source of production risk is an error in the selection of the parent, the parent fault injection, cannibalism, the dry season, water temperature changes are extreme seed can lead to death, and disease. Based on the analysis of the probability of using the z-score is the source of production risk mistakes in the selection of the parent has a value of 12.1 percent probability risk, stem injection errors by 39.7 percent, 10.6 percent cannibalism, weather factors during the dry season by 29 , 8 percent, changes in water temperature of 37.8 percent, and 39.4 percent of the disease. Meanwhile, based on the analysis of the impact of risk using Value at Risk (VaR) shows that the errors stem injection of Rp 28,802,201, dry summer weather factors of Rp 25,448,054, parent selection error Rp 13,858,178, Rp 6,676,490 disease , changes in water temperature of Rp 6,366,539 and Rp 3,891,437 cannibalism. An alternative strategy that uses a strategy of preventive risk is a source of risk in quadrants 1 and 2 changes in temperature, disease, stem injection error and weather factors during the dry season. The use of mitigation strategies used for sources of risk in quadrants 2 and 4, namely injecting stem errors, weather factors, and errors in the selection of sires. As for the sources of risk that exist in quadrant 3 cannibalism using preventive strategies.
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Judul: Analisis Risiko Produksi Ikan Cupang (Betta splendens) di KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri Semplak Bogor
Abstrak: Ikan hias merupakan salah satu komoditi perikanan yang membantu menggerakan perekonomian nasional melalui perolehan devisa. KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri merupakan kelompok pembudidaya cupang yang terbentuk pada tahun 2014. Usaha pembenihan ikan cupang memiliki prospek yang tinggi karena menawarkan peluang memperoleh profit yang cukup besar, namun kemungkinan untuk mengalami risiko usaha sewaktu-waktu dapat terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber risiko produksi dan menganalisis probabilitas serta dampak risiko yang disebabkan oleh sumber-sumber risiko produksi pada usaha pembenihan ikan cupang di KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri. Data diperoleh dari observasi dan wawancara dengan pemilik usaha, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Z-score dan Value at Risk (VaR). Hasil penelitian diperoleh sumber risiko yang terdapat pada KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri meliputi perubahan suhu, kualitas induk, dan penyakit. Nilai probabilitas dan dampak pada masing-masing risiko, di antaranya perubahan suhu 32,3% dan Rp2.002.110,00; kualitas induk 22,1% dan Rp141.330,00; penyakit 57,5% dan Rp2.233.000,00., Ornamental is one of the fishery commodities that help move national economy through foreign exchange earnings. KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri is a group of betta cultivators that was formed in 2014. Betta fish hatchery business has high prospects because it offers the opportunity to earn a large enough profit, but the possibility of experiencing business risks can occur at any time. This study aims to identify sources of production risk and analyze the probability and impact of risks caused by sources of production risk in betta fish hatchery business at KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri. The data were obtained from observations and interviews with business owner, then analyzed using the Z-score and Value at Risk (VaR) methods. The results obtained that the sources of risk contained in KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri include changes in water temperature and water quality, broodstock quality, and disease. The probability and impact values for each risk are changes in water temperature and water quality 32,3% and Rp2.002.110,00; broodstock quality 22,1% and Rp141.330,00; disease 57,5% and Rp2.233.000,00.
Keyword: Betta Fish Hatchery, Cultivation, Probability, Production Risk

Judul: Persamaan Geodesik Black Hole dengan Metrik Kerr 4+1 Dimensi dalam Koordinat Waktu Kosmik
Abstrak: Persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi dalam koordinat waktu kosmik merupakan interpretasi lain dari persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi, dimana acuan waktu yang digunakan diubah dari koordinat waktu wajar (proper time) ke dalam koordinat waktu kosmik (cosmic time). Waktu kosmik merupakan koordinat waktu yang dimana pengamat bergerak mengikuti ekspansi dari alam semesta. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi yang telah ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya menjadi persamaan geodesik yang memiliki fungsi terhadap dimensi waktu (t). Hasil akhir dari transformasi persamaan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan studi pustaka untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai persamaan geodesik black hole dalam koordinat waktu kosmik.
Keyword: Dimensi ekstra, Metrik Kerr, Persamaan geodesik, Waktu kosmik