Judul: Pengaruh Penggunaan Tepung Bekicot sebagai Pengganti Tepung Ikan terhadap Alat Pencernaan Ayam Broiler Jantan
Abstrak: Penelitian untuk mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan tepung bekicot sebagai pengganti tepung ikan dalam ransum ayam broiler jantan terhadap P - lat Pencernaan telah dilakukan d i Labotariuu Ilmu Eiakanan Tern& Unggas, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari tanggal 19 Nopember 1983 sampai tanggal 17 Januari 1984.
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Judul: Pengaruh penggunaan tepung limbah udang sebagai pengganti tepung ikan dalam ransum terhadap penampilan ayam broiler jantan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Jurusan Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, selama enam minggu dilaksanakan dari tanggal 17 Mei sampai dengan 28 Juni 1991. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui sampai sejauh mana tepung limbah udang dapat menggantikan pemakaian tepung ikan dalam ransum dan pengaruhnya terhadap penampilan broiler jantan. ayam Pada penelitian ini digunakan 180 ekor ayam broiler jantan strain Hubbard. Ayam-ayam tersebut dipelihara dalam kandang berbentuk box yang berlantai kawat sebanyak 18 buah. Dalam setiap kandang ditempatkan 10 ekor anak ayam secara acak. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari enam perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut dibedakan berdasarkan tingkat penggunaan tepung limbah udang sebagai pengganti tepung ikan dalam ransum yaitu 0% (R1), 2% (R2), 4% (R3), 6% (R4), 8% (R5) dan 10% (R6). Peubah yang diamati adalah pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir, konsumsi ransum, konversi ransun, mortalitas, income over feed cost dan efisiensi ekonomi. Hasil analisis ragam menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung limbah udang sebagai pengganti tepung ikan dalam ransum berpengaruh nyata (P < 0.05) terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan bobot badan akhir tetapi tidak memberikan pengaruh terhadap konsumsi dan konversi ransum. Uji jarak Duncan menunjukkan bahwa pertambahan bobot badan pada perlakuan R1 sangat nyata (P < 0.01) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan R6 dan nyata (P < 0.05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan R5 tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan R2, R3 dan R4. Demikian pula dengan bobot badan akhir pada perlakuan R1 sangat nyata (P < 0.01) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan R6 dan nyata (P < 0.05) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan R5 tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan perlakuan R2, R3 dan R4....
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis