Judul: Determining Net Single Premium of Reversionary  Annuity for Married Couple with Copula Model
Abstrak: Salah satu contoh produk anuitas multi-life ‘mencakup lebih dari satu orang’ adalah reversionary annuity, yaitu produk anuitas hidup untuk dua orang tertanggung yang pembayaran anuitas akan dimulai setelah salah satu tertanggung yang telah ditentukan di kontrak meninggal terlebih dahulu sampai pihak tertanggung lainnya meninggal juga. Perhitungan premi anuitas tersebut biasanya dilakukan dengan mengasumsikan kebebasan di antara pihak tertanggung. Namun, hal tersebut tidak relevan dengan keadaan sesungguhnya karena pasangan suami istri seharusnya saling terkait kelangsungan hidupnya. Pada karya ilmiah inidipertimbangkan keterkaitan tersebut dengan Frank’s copula pada saat memodelkan sebaran bersamanya yang diasumsikan sebaran marginalnya menyebar Makeham dengan parameter yang diestimasi dari Tabel Mortalitas Indonesia IV 2019. Penerapan copula terjadi pada saat umur suami dan istri menikah. Secara umum, hasil perhitungan premi tunggal bersih dengan sebaran bersama Frank’s copula menghasilkan nilai lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan perhitungan asumsi kebebasan untuk semua kasus penerima manfaat., One of the multi-life annuity products is a reversionary annuity, which is a life annuity product for two insured people. The annuity payment for this product will begin after one of the insured who has been specified in the contract dies first until the other insured dies as well. The calculation of the annuity premium is usually done by assuming independence between the insured parties. However, this is not relevant to the actual situation, because the husband and wife are interrelated with their lives. This undergraduate thesis considered this relationship when modelling the joint distribution using Frank’s copula which the marginal distribution assumed to follow a Makeham distribution with parameters estimated by using the 2019 Indonesian Mortality Table IV. The joint survival distribution modelled by copula was constructed exactly when a husband and wife are married. In general, the results of the calculation of the net single premium with the Frank’s copula produced a lower value than the calculation of the assumption of independence for all beneficiary cases.
Keyword: Frank’s copula, Makeham mortality law, married couple, net single  premium, reversionary annuity

Judul: Calculation of Annual Premiums and Benefit Reserves in Last Survivor Life Insurance using Joe and Clayton Copula Models
Abstrak: Asuransi jiwa last survivor merupakan asuransi yang terdiri dari dua atau lebih orang tertanggung, di mana pembayaran premi akan berakhir ketika terjadi kematian terakhir peserta polis asuransi. Risiko kematian peserta polis asuransi tersebut berpengaruh dalam menentukan besaran premi tahunan dan cadangan manfaat asuransi. Biasanya, risiko kematian pasangan suami istri peserta polis asuransi dianggap saling bebas, namun pada kenyataannya saling berpengaruh. Pada karya ilmiah ini, dilakukan penghitungan premi tahunan dan cadangan manfaat dari asuransi jiwa seumur hidup last survivor untuk pasangan suami istri menggunakan model kebebasan mortalitas dan model ketidakbebasan mortalitas Joe copula dan Clayton copula. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, premi tahunan yang dihitung menggunakan model kebebasan mortalitas lebih kecil dibanding menggunakan model ketidakbebasan mortalitas. Begitu pun pada cadangan manfaat, cadangan yang dihitung menggunakan model kebebasan mortalitas lebih kecil dibanding menggunakan model ketidakbebasan mortalitas., Last survivor life insurance is a form of insurance which covers two or more insured persons, in which the premium payment will end when the last person of policyholders dies. The risk of death from policyholders has an effect on determining the amount of annual premiums and benefit reserves from the insurance. Usually, the death risk of married couples are considered to be independent, but in reality are interdependent. On this scientific paper, annual premiums and benefit reserves of last survivor life insurance for married couples are calculated using independent mortality model and interdependent mortality models of Joe copula dan Clayton copula. Based on the calculation results, annual premiums calculated using independent mortality model are smaller in value than the ones using interdependent mortality models. As well as benefit reserves, the benefit reserves calculated using independent mortality model are smaller in value than the ones using interdependent models.
Keyword: Clayton copula, Joe copula, last survivor, life insurance

Judul: Heterologous Expression Of Endo-Β-Xylanase From Bacillus Pumilus Strain Bcrs-01 In Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolase family 11 which depolymerise xylan in the plant cell wall, the most excessive form of hemicellulose. Endo-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are most important to breakdown β-1,4-glicoside bond of xylan to produce disaccaride xyloolygosaccaride (XOs) and xylose (monomer). Bovine rumen fluids have potential to obtain endo-β-xylanase produced of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to obtain xylanase producing bacteria and to express xynA gene encoding endo-β-xylanase from bacterium in Escherichia coli. Twenty nine isolate bacteria have been succesfully isolated from bovine rumen fluid in agar medium containing birchwood xylan. Isolate BCRS-01 bacterium was previously screened for the high production of xylanase. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BCRS-01 showed high similarity (99%) to Bacillus pumilus (accession number NR043241). The crude xylanase had optimal activity at 55oC, pH 7.0. Furthermore, the crude xylanase exhibited broad pH stability from 4.0 to 10.0 and remained more than 60% and 40% of its activity after incubation at pH 4.0 until 10.0, respectively for 60 min. It also showed a stability at temperature 25-50oC since it retained 80% and 50% of its activity when incubated at 50oC or 30 and 60 min, respectively. The xylanase activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Cu2+ at concentration 10 mM, and as little as 1 mM for Mn2+. Therefore, this xylanase has potentially used as additive feeds in animal feed industry. The DNA sequence xynA gene encoded endo-β-xylanase was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET-15by under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant protein had succesfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A protein recombinant of approximately, 26.7 kDa was observed on the SDS-PAGE analysis. Crude extract of recombinant endo-β-xylanase demonstrated activity of enzyme at 56 U mL-1 using birchwood xylan as a substrate at 55oC for 10 min.
Keyword: Bacillus pumilus, bovine rumen fluid, endo-β-xylanase, heterologous expression.