Judul: Propagasi Suara di Luar dan Dalam Ruangan pada Berbagai Suhu dan Jenis Permukaan
Abstrak: Sound propagation can occur in the indoor and outdoor. The sound propagation patterns that occurring inside and outside the room is different because of different components in it. Among them are variations of meteorological conditions such as temperature and wind, the sound absorption by the topography, climate and type of surface, and obstructions such as buildings and crops. Based on these explanations, there are components of the type of surface and air temperature variations that can affect the sound propagation patterns. So, the research which involving both components was done. The purpose of this study is to determine the relevance of the distribution of votes because of differences in surface temperature and air and noise in the model describes the distribution of scale (indoor) and the actual conditions (outdoor) with differences in air temperature and type of existing surface. Based on the purpose of this study, the parameters used are air temperature and type of surface. The method used in this research is Inverse Square Law. Beside that, it is also the filtering frequency was done using 1/3 octave. Based on the measurements, the result is not all the factors of air temperature significantly affects the sound pressure level outside the room. Only in a few frequencies, that is at a frequency of 63, 80, 100, 160, 315, 630, 800, 1000 (Hz). However, for all type of surfaces factors in all the frequency that have been classified was significantly affects the sound pressure level. So in other words, the sound pressure level received at the outdoor conditions depending on the type of surface where the sound source is located. Another case of the measurement results obtained in the room. After the measurement the result showed that the factor temperature significantly affect the sound level at all frequencies results classification.
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Judul: Propagasi suara di luar dan dalam ruangan pada berbagai suhu dan jenis permukaan
Abstrak: Propagasi suara dapat terjadi di dalam dan luar ruangan. Tentu saja pola propagasi suara yang terjadi di dalam dan luar ruangan berbeda akibat adanya komponen-komponen berbeda di dalamnya. Diantaranya adalah kondisi meteorologi seperti variasi suhu dan angin, penyerapan suara oleh atmosfer, kontur dan jenis permukaan, serta penghalang seperti bangunan dan tanaman. Berdasarkan penjelasan tersebut, terdapat komponen jenis permukaan dan variasi suhu udara yang dapat mempengaruhi pola propagasi suara. Maka dari itu, dilakukan penelitian yang melibatkan kedua komponen itu. Adapun tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan keterkaitan sebaran kebisingan akibat jenis permukaan dan perbedaan suhu udara dan mendeskripsikan sebaran kebisingan pada skala model (dalam ruangan) dan pada kondisi nyata (luar ruangan) dengan perbedaan suhu udara dan jenis permukaan yang ada. Berdasarkan tujuan penelitian ini, parameter yang digunakan adalah suhu udara dan jenis permukaan. Adapun metode yang digunakan dalma penelitian ini adalah metode Inverse Square Law. Selain itu juga digunakan penyaringan frekuensi 1/3 oktaf. Berdasarkan pengukuran yang dilakukan, didapat hasil bahwa faktor suhu udara ternyata tidak semuanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat tekanan suara di luar ruangan. Hanya pada beberapa frekuensi, yaitu pada frekuensi 63, 80, 100, 160, 315, 630, 800, 1000 (Hz). Akan tetapi, untuk faktor jenis permukaan, semua frekuensi yang telah diklasifikasikan berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat tekanan suara. Maka dengan kata lain, tingkat tekanan suara yang diterima pada kondisi luar ruangan bergantung pada jenis permukaan tempat dimana sumber bising itu berada. Lain halnya hasil yang didapat dari pengukuran pada kondisi dalam ruangan. Setelah pengukuran didapatkan hasil bahwa faktor suhu udara berpengaruh nyata terhadap tingkat suara pada semua frekuensi hasil klasifikasi.
Keyword: Propagation of sound, Air temperature, Surface type, Frequency, Sound pressure level, Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB

Judul: Gene Editing  of Two Cyanide Synthesis-related Genes in Cassava using CRISPR/Cas9
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) contain toxic quantities of cyanogenic glucoside. Reducing the potentially toxic cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava could be achieved by gene editing through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats – CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a high- precision genome editing technique in plants. Two cassava UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGT) paralogs, UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, are the genes catalyzing the synthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in plants. The study aimed to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant vector carrying single guide RNA (sgRNA) to edit UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 genes, and transform sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct into KU50 cassava calli. Five sgRNAs were designed, considering the on/off target efficiency score and GC content. Those sgRNAs were ligated into pRGEB32 plasmid and introduced to competent Escherichia coli DH5a. The PCR colony and DNA sequencing were performed to verify the sgRNA insert. The amplicons showed the expected band size of recombinant vector (180 bp). Based on sequencing results, only one sgRNA was successfully ligated into the plasmid that will be used to edit the UGT85K5 gene. The sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct in pRGEB32 plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into KU50 cassava calli through co-cultivation. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium occurred after the co-cultivation phase.
Keyword: CRISPR/Cas9, Cyanogenic glucoside, Gene editing, sgRNA