Judul: Comparative Analysis of Export Competitiveness of Coconut Shell Charcoal Products from ASEAN Countries in the Japanese Market
Abstrak: Jepang menempati posisi utama sebagai negara pengimpor terbesar untuk produk arang tempurung kelapa dunia (HS 440290) yang sebagian besar diimpor dari wilayah ASEAN. Sebagai negara eksportir terbesar arang tempurung kelapa dunia, nilai ekspor arang tempurung kelapa Indonesia di pasar Jepang masih menunjukkan kondisi yang fluktuatif. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa praktik ekspor arang tempurung kelapa Indonesia di pasar Jepang belum optimal dan terdapat potensi nilai ekspor yang belum dimanfaatkan (untapped potential). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis posisi dan potensi daya saing ekspor arang tempurung kelapa Indonesia di pasar Jepang dikomparasikan dengan negara ASEAN lainnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode TBI, RCA, RSCA, EPD, Product Mapping, dan X-Model. Hasil analisis TBI menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia cenderung berperan sebagai net-exporter pada tahap kematangan ekspor bersamaan dengan Malaysia, Vietnam, dan Laos. Hasil analisis RCA dan Product Mapping menunjukkan bahwa Indonesia memiliki daya saing komparatif di pasar Jepang bersamaan dengan Laos dan Malaysia. Sementara itu, dilihat dari sisi EPD dan X-Model, arang tempurung kelapa Indonesia didominasi posisi retreat dan pasar kurang potensial., Japan occupies the main position as the largest importing country for the world's coconut shell charcoal products (HS 440290), most of which are imported from the ASEAN region. As the world's largest exporter of coconut shell charcoal, the value of Indonesia's coconut shell charcoal exports to the Japanese market is still fluctuating. This shows that the practice of exporting Indonesian coconut shell charcoal in the Japanese market is not optimal and there is an untapped potential for export value. This study aims to analyze the position and potential competitiveness of Indonesia's coconut shell charcoal exports in the Japanese market compared to other ASEAN countries. This study used TBI, RCA, RSCA, EPD, Product Mapping, and X-Model methods. The results of the TBI analysis show that Indonesia tends to act as a net-exporter at the export maturity stage along with Malaysia, Vietnam and Laos. The results of RCA and Product Mapping analysis show that Indonesia has comparative competitiveness in the Japanese market along with Laos and Malaysia. Meanwhile, from the perspective of EPD and X-Model, Indonesian coconut shell charcoal is dominated by retreat positions and a less potential market.
Keyword: posisi ekspor, potensi ekspor, produk turunan kelapa, spesialisasi ekspor

Judul: Competitiveness and Export Development Analysis of Indonesian Coconut Derivative Products in International Market
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara penghasil kelapa terbesar di dunia, namun produktivitas dan luas area lahannya cenderung menurun dengan ekspor yang sebagian besar berupa produk mentah. Alternatif ekspor ke produk dengan nilai lebih tinggi diperlukan untuk mempertahankan nilai ekspor Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan 1) menganalisis daya saing dan pengembangan ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia di pasar internasional menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), dan X-model potential export product; 2) menganalisis daya saing serta dekomposisi pertumbuhan ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia jika dibandingkan dengan pesaingnya di pasar internasional menggunakan metode Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA); 3) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi nilai ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia di pasar internasional menggunakan metode Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Hasil analisis daya saing berupa keunggulan komparatif dan keunggulan kompetitif, serta klasterisasi pengembangan ekspor menunjukkan bahwa desiccated coconut (DC) dan activated carbon (AC) Indonesia memiliki pengembangan pasar ekspor yang optimis di Cina, sedangkan brown sugar (BS) Indonesia memiliki pengembangan pasar ekspor yang optimis di Amerika Serikat. Pertumbuhan ekspor DC Indonesia, DC Filipina, AC Indonesia, dan AC India lebih disebabkan oleh efek daya saing. Pertumbuhan ekspor BS Indonesia lebih disebabkan oleh efek distribusi pasar, sedangkan BS Thailand oleh efek komposisi komoditas. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa variabel Gross Domestic Product (GDP) negara tujuan ekspor secara positif signifikan mempengaruhi nilai ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia, sedangkan populasi negara tujuan, dan real effective exchange rate (REER) tidak signifikan mempengaruhi nilai ekspor produk turunan kelapa Indonesia., Indonesia is the largest coconut producer in the world, but its productivity and land area tended to decrease with export mostly in primary product. Alternatives exports of products with higher value are needed to maintain the value of Indonesian exports. The study aims to 1) analyze the competitiveness and export development of Indonesian coconut derivative products in international market using Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Export Product Dynamic (EPD), and X-model potential export product; 2) analyze the competitiveness and decomposition of the export growth of Indonesian coconut derivative products compared to its competitors in international market using Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA); 3) analyze the factors that affect the export value of Indonesian derivative products using ordinary least squres (OLS). The competitiveness analysis in the form of comparative advantage and competitive advantage as well as the export development clusterization analysis showed that Indonesian desiccated coconut (DC) and activated carbon (AC) has an optimistic export market development in China while Indonesian brown sugar (BS) has an optimistic export market development in United State of America. The growth of export of Indonesian DC, Philippines DC, Indonesian AC, and Philippines AC is more due to competitiveness effect. Indonesia’s BS export growth is due more to market distribution effect while Thailand’s BS is due to commodity composition effect. The estimation showed that Gross Domestic Product (GDP) importing country significantly positive affects the export value of Indonesian coconut derivative products while population importing country and real effective exchange rate (REER) unsignificantly affect it.
Keyword: Clusterization, Comparative Advantage, Competitive Advantage, Export Value, X-model potential export product

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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