Judul: Indonesia's Nutmeg Export Performance in Asian and European Markets and Factors Affecting It
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah produsen dan eksportir pala global terbesar, tetapi menghadapi tantangan terkait aflatoksin yang melebihi standar. Akibatnya, terjadi penolakan terhadap pala Indonesia di beberapa negara maju yang menerapkan non-tariff measures (NTM), khususnya di Uni Eropa. Studi ini mengkaji performa ekspor pala utuh dan pala bubuk Indonesia di pasar Asia dan Eropa serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspornya menggunakan analisis constant market share (CMSA) dan regresi data panel. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa permintaan pala utuh dan pala bubuk Indonesia meningkat di Pasar Asia disebabkan oleh ukuran pasar, sedangkan di Pasar Eropa terjadi peningkatan impor pala bubuk yang dipengaruhi oleh ukuran pasar dan daya saing. Harga ekspor, nilai tukar riil dan regulasi SPS berdampak signifikan pada nilai ekspor pala Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, eksportir pala harus memprioritaskan negara-negara yang memiliki permintaan impor pala Indonesia yang konsisten, serta pemerintah harus memberikan insentif dan dukungan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pala tersebut., Indonesia is the largest global producer and exporter of nutmeg, but faces challenges related to aflatoxin exceeding standards. As a result, Indonesian nutmeg has been rejected in several developed countries that apply non-tariff measures (NTM), especially in the European Union. This study examines the export performance of Indonesian whole nutmeg and ground nutmeg in Asian and European markets and the factors that influence their exports using constant market share analysis (CMSA) and panel data regression. The study found that the demand for Indonesian whole nutmeg and ground nutmeg increased in the Asian market due to market size, while in the European Market there was an increase in imports of ground nutmeg which was influenced by market size and competitiveness. Export prices, real exchange rates and SPS regulations have a significant impact on the value of Indonesian nutmeg exports. Therefore, nutmeg exporters should prioritize countries that have consistent import demand for Indonesian nutmeg, and the government should provide incentives and support to improve the quality of nutmeg.
Keyword: Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA), Export Performance, Nutmeg

Judul: Analysis of Indonesia's Nutmeg Export Performance and Competitiveness.
Abstrak: Pala merupakan komoditas unggulan ekspor Indonesia. Indonesia menjadi eksportir terbesar di dunia pada komoditas pala dengan HS 090811. Meskipun demikian tetap diperlukan inovasi serta pengembangan sehingga dapat meningkatkan nilai ekspor. Penelitian ini menganalisis Kinerja dan Daya Saing Ekspor Pala Indonesia ke negara tujuan utama dengan menggunakan data dari 9 negara, yaitu Vietnam, Amerika Serikat, Belanda, Jepang, Jerman, Italia, Singapura, India, dan Korea Selatan selama periode 2012-2018. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu RCA, EPD, X-Model, dan regresi data panel. Hasil RCA menunjukkan bahwa ekspor pala Indonesia pada semua negara tujuan memiliki daya saing yang kuat serta keunggulan komparatif. Analisis EPD menunjukkan Amerika Serikat dan India berada pada posisi Rising Star, Falling Star pada Vietnam, Jepang, Jerman, Italia, dan Singapura. Kemudian Retreat pada negara Belanda dan Korea Selatan. Hasil Model-X menunjukkan potensi pengembangan pasar ekspor pala Indonesia optimis, potensial, dan kurang potensial. Regresi data panel menunjukkan harga ekspor, nilai tukar riil, dan TBT berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor pala Indonesia., Nutmeg is Indonesia's leading export commodity. Indonesia is the world's largest exporter of nutmeg with HS 090811. Nevertheless, innovation and development are still needed so that it can increase export value. This study analyzes the performance and competitiveness of Indonesia's nutmeg exports to major destination countries using data from 9 countries, namely Vietnam, the United States, the Netherlands, Japan, Germany, Italy, Singapore, India and South Korea during the 2012-2018 period. The analytical methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model, and panel data regression. The RCA results show that Indonesia's nutmeg exports to all destination countries have strong competitiveness and comparative advantages. EPD analysis shows the United States and India are in the Rising Star, Falling Star positions in Vietnam, Japan, Germany, Italy, and Singapore. Then Retreat to the Netherlands and South Korea. X-Model shows that the potential development of the Indonesian nutmeg export market is optimistic, potential, and less potential. Panel data regression shows that export prices, real exchange rates, and TBT have a significant effect on the export value of Indonesian nutmeg.
Keyword: EPD, main destination country, nutmeg, Panel data, RCA, X-Model

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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