Judul: Karakteristik usaha gaharu alam (Aquilaria malaccensis) di Provinsi Bengkulu: studi kasus Kabupaten Bengkulu Selatan, Kabupaten Kaur, dan Kabupaten Seluma
Abstrak: Forest is a natural resource that can be used for the people walfare. One of forest product which has potential to be used is resin agarwood. Gaharu has high sold price with production qualification that consist of gubal, kemedangan and ash. Each of product containsOleo Chromone which are produce unique aroma, so that it often used in many industries such as parfum industry, cosmetic industry and religion ritual need. High demand of agarwood cause the demand of it increase more, so that influence to the decrease more, but the agarwood exertion process still do so that it is important to do investigation of natural agarwood characteristics nowdays. This Research aims to know the characteristic of the natural agarwood exertion in Bengkulu Province, that consist of the characteristic of agarwoodenterprenuer (finder small, collector seller and big collector seller), the process of agarwood exertion, kinds and quality characteristic, marketing system and also policy in agarwood exertion. The methodology of this research is qualitative by describing the characteristic of natural agarwood exertion and quantitative by counting the margin of profit. There are three groups of gaharuenterprenuer namely: agarwood finder, small collector and big collector. The group of agarwood finders do the gaharu exertion. On the process of agarwood exertion need the specific skill about the characteristic of tree that contain agarwood. The products then sell to collector seller of agarwoodthrough its selling channel. The selling of agarwood begun by determining the condition and price, where there are seven agreed quality. This quality class is so determining the price, better quality of agarwood higher the price and lower quality of agarwood lower the price. The differences of price from each quality of agarwood can reach 3-15 times from the increasing each quality. Enterprenuer have role in determining namely big collector seller so that margin of highest price gotten by them is 1,4-2 multiple times with their income that they gottetn 28 times from income of agarwood finders group. In order to manage marketing of agarwood, government determines policy in the form of quota in a year, the license that is given to big collector seller in 5 year and the rate of dues determined based on gubal class Rp 20.000,-/kg and kemedanganRp 2.000,-/kg.
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Judul: Eksplorasi Peran Mikrob dan Status Hara Tanaman terhadap Pembentukan Gaharu pada Aquilaria malaccensis
Abstrak: Agarwood is known as one of non-timber forest commodity in the world. Agarwood has a lot of function such as raw material for perfume, incense, cosmetics, and medicine for some diseases. Indonesia has a good potential resource to produce agarwoods. At present, mechanism and processes of agarwood formation is not yet known exactly. There are three hypothesis in agarwood formation, that are 1) pathology hypothesis, 2) sliced dan pathology, and 3) non-pathology hypothesis. Meanwhile, ancient community used traditional system to stimulate agarwood formation by slicing, nailing, branch cutting, and peeling of stem rind. This research was done to know microbial effect and plant nutrition status in Aquilaria malaccensis and their correlation in agarwood formation. Chemical and biological analysis were used in this research. Chemical analysis was used to determine plant nutrition status. Meanwhile biological analysis was used to examine the microbes that caused agarwood formation. The result of this reseach showed that agarwood was formed either because of assosiation between microbes and Aquilaria malaccensis and slicing in that plant. The highest microbial population was found in branch protected by canopy. According to physiologic analysis, not all microbes in agarwood can dissolve cellulose and pectin. A high number of Agarwood was formed in plant with high N and Mn contents. Field trial showed that fungi were more potential than bacteria in agarwood formation
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Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model