Judul: The study of electrical energy conservation management for planning and controlling at PT. PHE.
Abstrak: The purpose of this paper is to address the issue of electrical energy consumption through case studies as a sample of buildings on a PT. PHE. This study analyzes energy consumption profile, Energy Consumption Intensity (ECI), electricity quality, building envelope systems, HVAC, lighting systems, energy conservation opportunity and energy conservation management. This study uses energy audit method, ECI analyze, energy conservation opportunity, financial assessment and feasiblity study of energy conservation. The result of this study indicated that the consumption of electrical energy in PT. PHE tended to decline in 2012. The average of electricity consumption amounted to 446,191 kWh with an average cost each month of 355,288,895 rupiah. ECI values was 12.45 kWh/m2/month, it is quite efficient category. The electricity quality systems generally meet the standard. Except the maximum value of current unbalance and harmonics are higher than standard, that are caused by an unbalance of the load factor at the transformer 2. Both of the energy audit on the overall transfer thermal value 29.45 kWh/m2 and HVAC systems are accordance with the Indonesian National Standard. But energy efficiency still can be upgraded simply by turning on the air conditioning or chiller mechine 1 hour before work and turn off 30 minutes before the end of working hours. The estimate cost saving of this implementation is 260,231,400 rupiah. Energy audit of lighting systems shows the power intensity of lighting which still meet with standards. However, the intensity of illumination is lower than standard. Therefore, the recommendation to retrofitting TL 36 watt with 18 watt tube LED, TL 18 watt with LED 9 watt tube, PLC 14 watt with 9 watt LED, turning off the lights in the lobby when outside lighting is sufficient. If the recommendations are implemented, it will save an amounted cost 128,922,300 rupiah per year. In order towards profitable energy conservation investment, it is recommended to invest with internal corporate capital. this energy conservation program must be supported by energy management systems. The tools utilized to analyzed energy management model is a matrix of energy management. It has six main pillars consisting of policy and system, organization of energy, motivation, information systems, and investment promotion. Based on the results of research, the status of implementation of SME in PT . PHE is at level 1 .
Keyword: energy conservation management, energy audit, energy efficiency

Judul: Audit Pencahayaan di Laboratorium Teknik Energi Terbarukan dan Laboratorium Bengkel Metanium
Abstrak: Pencahayaan merupakan faktor penting pada lembaga pendidikan. Evaluasi pencahayaan perlu dilakukan untuk memberikan kenyamanan bagi penggunanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dan memberikan rekomendasi terhadap pencahayaan serta konsumsi energi pada Laboratorium Teknik Energi Terbarukan dan Laboratorium Bengkel Metanium berdasarkan pada SNI 03-6575-2001 dan SNI 6197-2011. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui metoda simulasi menggunakan software DIALux EVO 11.0. Pengukuran intensitas cahaya pada Laboratorium Teknik Energi Terbarukan pukul 12.00 WIB sebesar 120 lux tanpa menggunakan lampu dan 235 lux menggunakan lampu, hasil simulasi siang hari dengan kondisi langit average sky pada waktu yang sama sebesar 503 lux dan pada malam hari sebesar 427 lux. Laboratorium Bengkel Metanium pada pukul 12.00 WIB memiliki intensitas cahaya yang berbeda di setiap ruangan dengan nilai tertinggi 2.859 lux dan terendah 17 lux. Simulasi pada Laboratorium Bengkel Metanium pada waktu yang sama dengan kondisi clear sky menghasilkan pencahayaan tertinggi 1.291 lux dan terendah 203 lux. Konsumsi energi untuk pencahayaan di Laboratorium Teknik Energi Terbarukan dan Laboratorium Bengkel Metanium masing-masing sebesar 4,8 W/m2 dan 3,14 W/m2 dengan total biaya konsumsi listrik Rp 2.018.304,00 dan Rp 6.790.752,00 per tahun. Penggunaan lampu LED 36 watt sebanyak delapan dengan tipe pencahayaan menyebar baik digunakan di Laboratorium Teknik Energi Terbarukan sedangkan pada Laboratorium Bengkel Metanium pencahayaan yang baik digunakan adalah dengan tipe fokus pencahayaan di area persegi 99 watt sebanyak tujuh dan lampu LED 36 sebanyak tujuh., Lighting is one of the important factors in educational institutions. Lighting evaluation needs to do to provide comfort for its users. The study aimed to evaluate and provide recommendations on lighting and energy consumption in the Renewable Energy Engineering Laboratory and Methanium Workshop Laboratory based on SNI 03-6575-2001 and SNI 6197-2011. The analysis was carried out by simulation using the DIALux EVO 11.0. Measured light intensity in the Renewable Energy Engineering Laboratory at 12.00 WIB is 120 lux without using lights and 235 lux using lights, the result of daylight simulation with average sky conditions at the same time is 503 lux and at night is 427 lux. At 12:00 PM WIB, the Metanium Workshop Laboratory exhibits varying light intensities within each rooms with the highest value of 2.859 lux and the lowest of 17 lux. Simulation of the Metanium Workshop Laboratory at the same time with clear sky conditions result in the highest lighting of 1.291 lux and the lowest of 203 lux. The energy consumption in the Renewable Energy Engineering Laboratory and Methanium Workshop Laboratory is 4.8 W/m2 dan 3.14 W/m2 with the total cost of Rp 2.018.304,00 and Rp 6.790.752,00 per year rescpectively. The utilization of eight units of 36-watt LED lamps with a diffuse lighting configuration is deemed suitable for the Renewable Energy Engineering Laboratory. Conversely, optimal illumination within the Metanium Workshop Laboratory is achieved through the deployment of seven units of 99-watt LED lamps with a focused lighting arrangement, complemented by an additional seven units of 36-watt LED lamps.
Keyword: DIALux, energy consumption, electricity cost, lightning

Judul: Variation of BoLA DRB 3.2 Alleles in Madura Cattle
Abstrak: Variation of BoLA DRB 3.2 alleles was investigated in madura cattle by PCR-RFLP and was compared with variation of BoLA DRB 3.2 alleles in limousin and FH cattle. The result indicated that BoLA DRB 3.2 was highly polymorphic in madura cattle and also in limousin and FH cattle. Thirty four BoLA DRB 3.2 alleles were identified with frequencies ranging from 1.47 to 22.00%. Thirty of thirty four alleles were similar to those reported earlier. Four alleles were new and had not been reported previously, those were *dbd, *kea, *kba, and *iaa. Three alleles were shared between madura, limousin, and FH cattle (*11, *23, and *37). Eight alleles were shared between madura and limousin cattle (*06, *16, *17, *20, *28, *34, *36, and *40). Two alleles were shared between madura and FH cattle (*12 and *25). Eleven alleles were only found in madura cattle (*04, *08, *21, *26, *27, *39, *43, *44, *50, *53, and *dbd). BoLA DRB 3.2*39 was the most frequent allele in madura cattle (17.65%).
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