Judul: Kajian Indeks Kepekaan Lingkungan Berbasis Integrasi Valuasi Ekonomi (Studi Kasus Pulau Pramuka, Kabupaten Administrasi Kepulauan Seribu)
Abstrak: Environmental sensitivity index (ESI) is a systematic approach to compiling information about the sensitivity of the coastal, biological resources and human resources are utilized (NOAA 2001). Michel and Dahlin (1993) in Metrianda (2000) stated environmental sensitivity index is a classification of coastal areas based on the level of sensitivity to damage from oil pollution and other damage sources. The benefit of the index calculation of ESI is information about the environmental sensitivity of coastal areas, beaches, and sea that require protection, maintenance and restoration. Sloan (1993) clarified that ESI divided into three index are yaitu vulnerability index (VI); ecologycal index (EI) and Social-economic index (SI). In its development, environmental sensitivity index approach taken is still not optimal in responding to actual conditions of an area. With the more advanced aspects of ecology, ESI sometimes have problems in its application. This is presumably because the ESI not fully touching matters related to the economic value of resources in each region. Socio-Economic Index, which is one of the 3 (three) factor in ESI has always been based on the "benefit transfer" which cannot describe the real conditions of the total economic value of resources in the study area of ESI. Therefore, we need comprehensive calculations based on the actual conditions of the region. SI is combination between social value (SV) and economic value (EV). Calculation EV as one component of ESI determinants can be achieved by integrating the total value of economic resources from the surrounding environment and community. To simplify some points mentioned above into an implementation would be seen in a smaller area. District Administration (Adm.) Thousand Islands are expected to represent the form and a small sample of coastal and small island management. Based on the results obtained values ESI respective ecosystems ranging from fairly sensitive as fishing ground (Damaged reef ecosystems) to highly sensitive ecosystems such as seagrass. The sensitivity level is obtained after integrating the value of benefits is calculated as a result of total economic value, are: (1) mangrove ecosystem of North Mangrove Ecosystem (NME) = IDR 11.747.918.974 and South Mangrove Ecosystem (NMS) = IDR 7.729.766.460; (2) Coral reef ecosystems fro North Coral Ecosystem (NCE) = IDR 110.216.425.580 and South Coral Ecosystem (SCE) = IDR 110.178.911.910, (3) Seagrass Ecosystems of North Seagrass Ecosystem (NSE) = IDR 8.059.157.445 and South Seagrass Ecosystem (SSE) = IDR 8.059.217.031, whereas Damaged Reef Ecosystem (DRE) is obtained with volume total economic value of the catch of 63,960 kg/year or IDR 973.200.000. The economic value represents the actual conditions and based on the preferences of the people who were around Scout Island.
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Judul: Analisis Metode Indeks Kepekaan Lingkungan Ekosistem Mangrove terhadap Tumpahan Minyak, Studi Kasus di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Subang
Abstrak: Mangrove ecosystem is one of the coastal ecosystems that very vulnerable to oil spills. Oil spill on mangrove ecosystem can cause direct mortality. Oil polution in the long term on mangrove ecosystem can disturb another organism that live in mangrove, also influencing socio-economic life of people who depend their life to mangrove ecosystem. With the result that, efforts to prevent or minimize the risk of oil spills in coastal areas is needed. Enviromental sensitivity index (ESI) is an index that can determine the sensitivity level of environmental to oil spills. This research aims to develop environmental sensitivity index of mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Subang, West Java Province to oil spill. Types of data were used in this study consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by survey in the field, while secondary data was obtained by literature study. Primary data was collected including mangrove ecosystem data, type of substrates, and socio-economics data that related to mangrove ecosystem. While secondary data was including coastal physical characteristics and hydrooceanography. These data were used to form ESI parameters. Furthermore the ESI was applied in the studied area and then the sensitivity area was shown on ESI map. The ESI was comprised of three types of index consist of vulnerability index (VI), ecology index (EI), and socio-economic index (SI). The paramaters of VI consist of slope, tides, tidal range, height of wave, type of substrate, and mangrove distance from the coast. The parameters of EI consist of mangrove zonation, density of mangrove, diversity of mangroves, stage of mangrove, protected wildlife, and status of mangrove protection. The parameters of SI consists of two components including social and economic components. The social component was based on mangrove resource utilization by human, such as fisheries potential, wood potential, and tourism potential, while the economic component was counting from biomass of mangrove. The formula of ESI was used is ( ) ( ) it divided into 5 sensitivity levels (not sensitive, less sensitive, moderate, sensitive and very sensitive). Generally coastal areas of Subang were slightly slope, mixed semidiurnal of tidal type, average wave height is 0.4 meters, muddy substrate and mangrove found in the shoreline. In observation areas founded three genus of mangrove (Avicennia sp, Sonneratia sp, and Rhizophora sp.) with different densities. The mangrove ecosystem at Subang is protected area. Protected wildlife did not found on mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove used for fisheries activities (as an area of ponds, catching eels and crabs) and the use of wood (as fuelwood, building materials, materials for fishing gear). The ESI aplication on mangrove ecosystem in observation areas showed that some mangrove have sensitive and moderate ESI level. The most of areas moderate to oil spill except to Tegal Tike, Anggaranu, and Tanjung. These area are sensitive to oil spill
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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