Judul: Evaluasi Jenis Pohon bagi Konservasi Keragaman Tanaman Hutan Kota di DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Urban forest in Indonesia can only be declared if it has been approved by the competent authorities in accordance with Goverment Regulation PP No. 63/2002. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate the diversity of plant species in the urban forest. The purpose of this study is to analyze the plant diversity in the urban forest, and to analyze the physical condition of the urban forest’s trees. This study was conducted in three selected urban forest in DKI Jakarta, i.e. Indonesian University (UI), Srengseng and PT. JIEP. Vegetation Analysis and Shannon Wiener Index were used as a method for analyzing the plant diversity. In this study, the physical condition of the trees also were observed by scoring the physical criterias of the existing tree condition. Result for this analysis were used as input to urban forest management recommendations using SWOT analysis. The result showed that the diversity of tree species in three selected urban forest is moderate (1 < H’ < 3). Indigenous species in UI and PT. JIEP predominant were found than in Srengseng urban forest. While the physical condition of trees in PT. JIEP urban forest have the highest levels of damage compared to the other two urban forest. Suitability of ecological functions of trees examined by urban forest type, shows that PT. JIEP Urban Forest as a buffer for industry region has only 30% of trees that have either category as absorbing gaseous pollutants. While the UI Urban Forest and the Srengseng Urban Forest, ecological functions of trees based on the type of urban forest have been appropriate for the city to provide comfort for visitors. Recommendations of Urban forest management are produced from SWOT analysis. It is resulted 10 recommendations for trees biodiversity conservation in urban forest based on internal factor and external factor of the three selected urban forest in DKI Jakarta.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Tumbuhan Paku Terestrial di Hutan Kota DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Urban forest is an ecosystem consisted of plant vegetation community that resembles natural forest. Trees within the urban forest form canopy that construct well-suited environment for the understory life. One of the understory is fern. Fern is a vascular and intermediate plant that produces spores as its main characteristic. This research was intended to compare the diversity of fern under three urban forests in DKI Jakarta region which were the urban forest University of Indonesia (UI), Arboretum Cibubur, and urban forest PT Jakarta Industrial Estate Pulogadung (PT JIEP) Pulogadung. The research was started in November 2011 until March 2012. Vegetation analysis was made by doing purposive sampling with square method. Fern and non-fern specimens were collected for herbarium purpose then were identified based on identification book. Light intensity, temperature, humidity, soil pH were measured and recorded as supported data. The other environment factors that measured were physical and chemical structures of soil and also the quality of the air. The coverage data and the frequency of each species were used to count the importance value index (INP). Sharon Diversity Index (H'), Evenness Index (E), and Sorenson Similarity Index (IS) were also counted in. There were epiphytes fern (4 species) and terrestrial fern (18 species) in the research urban forest. The ferns have herb habit, but they varied in the growth types which are erect; creeping and climbing. Fern leaves have variation in size, shape of fertile and sterile leaves, shape of the first leaf and so on. Based on the leaf size, two kinds of leaf, microphyl and megaphyl, were found. Based on the different shape of fertile and sterile leaves, monomorphyc and dimorphic leaves were found. The shape of monomorphyc leaf varied which were simple, pinnatus and bi-pinnatus. Fern reproductive structure in urban forest varies in the sori shape, location and composition, such as 1) sporangium is located in the leaf tips, form organ so called as strobilus; 2) longitudinal grooved sori on the edge as though covering the edge; 3) sori is located along vascular leaf between costa and the edge of the leaf; 4) sori is rounded or oval spreaded on the vascular leaf with or without indusium; 5) sori is rounded or oval, located on the tips on the free vascular near the leaf edge; 6) sori on the fertile leaflet produces sporangia that spread from the edge of the leaf to the venation tips. Sporangia on two rows is covered by indusia. The sum of terrestrial ferns found in three research urban forests were 18 species belong to 8 familia and 11 genera. In UI urban forest, it was found 10 genera with 14 species; in Arboretum Cibubur, it was found 8 genera with 11 species; but there was no fern in PT JIEP urban forest. The number of all individual ferns found in three urban forest were 1030, consisted of 334 individual in Arboretum Cibubur urban forest and 696 in UI urban forest. The species diversity index (H' = 1.97) and evenness index (E = 0.82) in Arboretum Cibubur urban forest was higher than that of
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Judul: Peranan unsur kalsium serta hubungannya dengan " demam susu" pada sapi perah
Abstrak: Demam susu atau "parturient paresis" adalah penyakit yang secara primer sering menyerang sapi perah yang tengah atau baru saja melahirkan anaknya. Penyakit ini merupakan suatu bentuk kekacauan metabolisme kalsium. Dalam hal ini hewan-hewan penderita adalah sapi-sapi perah yang tak mampu memenuhi tuntutan tubuhnya ter hadap kebutuhan akan kalsium yang begitu memuncak pada awal masa laktasi. Sapi-sapi perah yang rentan umumnya sudah mengalami masa laktasi 3 4 kali. Ditambah dengan adanya faktor predisposisi, yaitu metabolisme tulang yang makin melambat karena hewan bertambah tua dan penyerapan kalsium dari makanan yang terganggu. Kadar kalsium plasma hewan pada saat itu jauh dibawah kadar normalnya, dan hal itu akan mengakibatkan serangkaian gejala klinis penyakit yang khas. Karena kalsium berperan antara lain pada kontraksi urat daging/otot dan pada pemindahan impuls saraf, maka menurunnya kadar mineral ini dalam darah (hipokalsemia) akan menimbulkan gangguan saraf dan Hipokalsemia yang disertai dengan hipomagnesemia akan menimbulkan gejala tetani. Sedang pada hewan dengan kadar magnesium dalam darah normal atau sedikit lebih tinggi (hipermagnesemia relatif) gejala tetani akibat hipokalsemia akan segera diikuti dengan adanya kelemahan otot (relaksasi otot). Hipokalsemia yang dibiarkan berlarut-larut akan menimbulkan kematian hewan ternak karena peranan unsur kalsium yang demikian penting dalam tubuh. Pencegahan demam susu ditempuh dengan cara pengaturan pakan yang baik, yaitu dengan menghindari masukan kalsium berlebihan terutama pada masa kering kandang dan kadar fosfor(P) yang cukup sesuai kebutuhan.
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