Judul: Hubungan Nudibranch dan Substrat di Perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Substrat dasar perairan Pulau Pramuka berperan penting dalam kehidupan nudibranch sebagai hewan gastropoda, yaitu sebagai media tempat menempel dan berjalan, sekaligus tempat mencari makan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan nudibranch dan substrat dasar perairan di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu. Pengambilan data nudibranch dilakukan pada lima stasiun dengan penyelaman menggunakan metode Belt Transect, sedangkan data substrat menggunakan metode transek kuadrat. Analisis data substrat mencakup tiga tipe yaitu tutupan substrat per stasiun, tutupan substrat di area sekitar nudibranch, dan substrat tempat menempel nudibranch. Analisis data nudibranch mencakup komposisi spesies, kepadatan, dan keanekaragaman. Nudibranch yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini berjumlah 73 individu yang termasuk ke dalam tiga famili yaitu Phyllidiidae, Facelinidae dan Flabellinidae. Stasiun dengan tutupan karang hidup lebih tinggi memiliki nilai kepadatan dan keanekaragaman nudibranch yang lebih tinggi. Substrat sebagai habitat nudibranch didominasi oleh pasir dan rubble sedangkan substrat tempat menempel nudibranch didominasi oleh substrat karang mati yang tertutup alga.
Keyword: coral reef, dead coral, nudibranch, sponge, substrate

Judul: The Relationship between The Characteristics of Basic Water Substrate and the Presence of Nudibranchia
Abstrak: Substrat sebagai habitat secara signifikan mempengaruhi keberadaan Nudibranchia karena substrat berfungsi sebagai tempat tinggal dan sumber makanan untuk Nudibranchia. Selain menjadi objek yang menarik bagi penyelam, keberadaan Nudibranchia juga dapat digunakan sebagai salah satu indikator perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi keberadaan Nudibranchia serta menganalisis struktur komunitas Nudibranchia dilokasi yang berbeda. Kedua lokasi dibedakan berdasarkan pulau jenis Pulau Berbukit dan Pulau dataran. Pulau Berbukit diwakili oleh Pulau Lembeh, dan Pulau Datar adalah Pulau Tunda. Pengumpulan data menggunakan transek sabuk yang dimodifikasi dengan panjang 50m dan lebar 4m (200m2) dengan kedalaman 5-7 m di sepanjang garis pantai. Selama survei, 86 spesimen individu didokumentasikan, dan mereka diklasifikasikan ke dalam 12 Famili dengan 22 spesies. Kelompok terbesar adalah Famili Phyllidiidae dengan sepuluh spesies yang berbeda, Chromodorididae dan Polyceridae diwakili oleh tiga spesies, Facelinidae dengan dua spesies. Dotidae, Flabellinidae, Discodorididae, dan Myrrhinidae, masing-masing diwakili oleh satu spesies. Nudibranchia di Pulau Lembeh lebih beragam dan memiliki persentase karang keras yang lebih luas, dan ada 19 spesies di Pulau Lembeh dan lima spesies di Pulau Tunda. Komposisi substrat sangat menentukan kekayaan Nudibranchia, kategori substrat yang paling menentukan keberadaan Nudibranchia adalah DCA, spons, dan karang keras. Persentase tinggi DCA dan spons berbanding lurus dengan Nudibranchia yang beragam, dan karang keras berbanding terbalik dengan Nudibranchia yang beragam. Tingginya keanekaragaman substrat pada ekosistem terumbu karang semakin tinggi juga keanekaragaman Nudibranchia pada lokasi tersebut., The substrate as habitat significantly affects the presence of Nudibranchia because the substrate serves as a dwelling and food source for Nudibranchia. In addition to being an object of interest to divers, the existence of Nudibranchia can also be used as one of the indicators of climate change. The study aims to analyze factors that influence the presence of Nudibranchia as well as analyze the structure of the Nudibranchia community in different locations. The two locations are distinguished by Hill Island and Flat Island. Hill Island is represented by Lembeh Island, and Flat Island is Tunda Island. The data collection uses a modified belt transect with a length of 50 m and a width of 4 m (200m2) with a depth of 5-7m along the coastline. During the survey, 86 individual specimens were documented, and they were classified into 12 family with 22 species. The largest group is the Family Phyllidiidae with ten different species, Chromodorididae and Polyceridae represented by three species, Facelinidae with two species. Dotidae, Flabellinidae, Discodorididae, and Myrrhinidae, each represented by one species. Nudibranchia on Lembeh Island is more diverse and has a wider percentage of hard corals, and there are 19 species on Lembeh Island and five species on Tunda Island. Substrate composition largely determines the richness of Nudibranchia,the substrate categories that most determine the presence of Nudibranchia are DCA, sponges, and hard corals. The high percentage of DCA and sponges is directly proportional to the diverse Nudibranchia, and hard corals are inversely proportional to the diverse Nudibranchia. The high diversity of substrates in coral reef ecosystems is higher and the diversity of Nudibranchia at these locations.
Keyword: Terumbu karang, nudibranchia, pulau berbukit, pulau dataran

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
Keyword: