Judul: Studi Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Biawak Air (Varanus salvator)
Abstrak: The study was aimed to observe the characteristics of cranial skeleton of Varanus salvator, compared to its function and behavior. This study was conducted by observing speciment of water monitor lizards cranial skeleton and the observation was compared with related litelatures. The results showed that the head of water monitor lizard had 12 cm in length, 7 cm in width and 5 cm in height. Water monitor lizard have a marginal pleurodont teeth that grows on the side of the jaw with one tooth replacement on each marginal tooth. Relationships between bone of the head very closely and a few bones like os lacrimale, os temporale and os postorbitale grows attached to each other with the surrounding bones. Pars splanchnocranii thrives and elongated, and os supraorbitale found in this area. Columella cranii found in the pars neurocranii and os squadratum well developed in this area. Canalis interincisivum found on the hard palate that connects the oral cavity and the nasal cavity. This channel is functionally compared to the olfactory system because it associated with organon jacobson.
Keyword: Varanus salvator, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), pleurodont teeth, os postorbitale, cranial skeleton

Judul: Studi Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Aksial Biawak Air (Varanus salvator)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet aksial biawak air (Varanus salvator) dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan kebiasaan hidupnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan mengamati preparat skelet sumbu tubuh biawak air dan membandingkannya dengan skeleton komodo maupun literatur yang terkait dengan sistem skelet tubuh hewan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persendian yang dibentuk antara condylus occipitalis dengan fovea articularis cranialis dari os atlas relatif sempit sehingga gerakan kepala pada biawak air kurang fleksibel. Biawak air mempunyai fleksibilitas tulang belakang yang baik saat berenang di air atau berlari karena karakteristik skelet aksialnya yang mempunyai jumlah ossa vertebrae yang banyak, mempunyai hyapophysis pada ossa vertebrae cervicalis, bentuk dada yang ramping karena hanya tiga buah ossa costales yang terhubung pada os sternum, adanya tipe persendian diarthrose pada ossa vertebrae lumbales, dan mempunyai ossa chepron pada ossa vertebrae caudales. Fleksibilitas ekor yang dimiliki biawak air digunakan untuk melindungi diri dari musuh dengan cara memecutkan ekor ke arah lateral.
Keyword: skelet aksial, biawak air

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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