Judul: Responses on Performance and Minerals Digestibility by Novel Consensus Bacterial 6-Phytase  Variant (PHY-G) Supplementation in Broiler Diet
Abstrak: Plant feedstuffs normally contain phytic acid which poorly hydrolized by monogastric especially broiler. Further, 80% of phosphorus (P) in plant feedstuff is complexed with phytic acid. In that case, high amount of inorganic P sources is needed to fulfill P requirement. Since it has capability to bind with some nutrients such as bi- or trivalent minerals and amino acids then phytase is widely utilized in poultry feed to improve the nutrient digestibility. Today, the use of 500-1000 FTU phytases in poultry feed is widely applied by feed industry and its capability releasing phytate-bound phosphorus is very well documented. Novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PHY-G) is newest 6-phytase derived from bacterial phytase gene Buttiauxella sp. expressed in Trichoderma reesei with enhanced functionality for better phytic acids degradation. The present research was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of PHY-G in different doses (1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU/kg) on high phytic acids content diets which at least contained 0.30% Phytate-P. A total 3,675 male broilers Indian River/IR (105 pens, 35 birds/pen) were provided mixed grain diets in seven treatments with fifteen replications, they were divided into two phases of rearing which were starter (1 – 21 d) and finisher (22 – 35 d). Treatments were positive control (PC) using standard diet following IR’s nutrient requirement, negative control 1 (NC1) with nutrient reduction at 0.21 percent unit calcium (Ca), 0.21 percent units available phosphorus (AvP), 0.34 percent unit crude protein (CP) and 66 kcal/kg AME, NC2 with nutrient reduction at 0.23 percent unit Ca & AvP, 0.45 percent unit CP and 75 kcal/kg AME, followed by NC3 with nutrient reduction at 0.24 percent unit Ca & AvP, 0.52 percent unit CP and 79 kcal/kg AME. PHY-G supplementation with dose 1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU/kg on top of NC1, NC2 and NC3 respectively. PHY-G supplementation at any level significantly improved body weight gain/BWG and corrected FCR/McFCR (P<0.05) on starter (1,083 – 1,093 g/bird) and overall phase (2,482 – 2,532 g/bird) compared to any NCs (1,063-1,084 g/bird on starter and 2,387 – 2,398 g/bird on finisher). No significant different were observed on mortality of all treatments but PHY-G supplementation significantly improved (P<0.05) broiler index/BI (444 - 463) versus NCs (427 - 430) and able to maintain it equivalent to PC (455). Toe ash was significantly improved (P<0.05) by all doses of PHY-G (13.28 – 13.56%) compared to NC (12.3 – 12.7%). Apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of Ca was not affected by PHY-G but 1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU/kg PHY-G supplementation significantly improvemed on AID of P (P<0.05) which were 64.97%, 75.60% and 78.29% compared to NCs (42.64%, 48.88% and 46.17% for NC1, NC2 and NC3 respectively). This These data indicated that PHYG supplementation effectively improved broiler growth performance, bone mineralization and P digestibility at any level of dose on high content of phytic acid in the diets.
Keyword: broiler, growth performance, phytase, phytic acid, toe ash

Judul: Amino Acid Supplementation into High Fat Broiler Diet for Reducing Abdominal Fat Deposition
Abstrak: Fats or oils are used in poultry nutrition as source of energy, essential fatty acids and carrier of fat soluble vitamins. Most oil that used in Indonesia feed industry is palm oil that has metabolizable energy 8000 kcal kg-1. Fatty acids contained in palm oil are greatly palmitic acid of 39.23% and oleic acid of 38.21%. Palm oil utilization up to 6% do not affect abdominal fat deposition. Abdominal fat become a problem in modern broiler chicken industry. Abdominal fat do not only reduce carcass yield percentage and feed efficiency, but is also rejected by costumer. Abdominal fat might be reduced with the increasing digestibility and metabolisibility fat in the diet by amino acids supplementation. Glycine and taurine were amino acids that have role to synthesize bile salt for fat emulsification. Lysine and methionine were precursor to synthesize L-carnitine that has function to transport fatty acid for -oxidation process in mitochondria. The aim of this study was to elaborate appropriate amino acids supplementation into high fat broiler diet to improve fat absorption and metabolism in order to reduce abdominal fat deposition. This study used 240 day old broilers Cobb strain. They were placed randomly into 24 pens with density of 10 birds/m2. Broiler chickens were given feed and water ad libitum for 42 days. At 21st and 42nd day, each treatments were taken four broiler chicken come from each replication. They were slaughtered and their blood serum were taken. The treatments diet were R0 (basal diet contained 5% palm oil), R1 (R0 + 0,25% glycine), R2 (R0 + 0,25% taurine), R3 (R0 + 15% total lysine and methionine of basal diet), R4 (R0 + 0,25% glycine + 0,25% taurine), and R5 (R0 + 0,25% glycine + 0,25% taurine + 15% total lysine and methionine of basal diet). Completely randomized design (CRD) with 6 treatments and 4 replicates was used in this study. The variables measured were performances, serum metabolites, gall bladder characteristics, apparent digestion coefficient of nutrients, nutrients content of meat, and relative weight of carcass and organs broiler chicken. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and if any means significant differences were continued by Duncan multiple range test, except mortality. The results showed that all amino acids supplementation significantly reduced feed consumption, body weight and weight gain at 1-42 day old broiler chickens. Feed conversion broiler chicken for 1-42 day old fed R2 and R3 significantly increased, R1 and R4 were not significant, and R5 significantly reduced compared control. Chicken fed R3 had highest mortality than those of other groups. All supplementation of amino acids significantly increased serum uric acid and triglyceride, but significantly reduced serum cholesterol broiler chicken at 21 and 42 days old. Gall blader relative weight for 21 days fed R1 and R4 significantly increased, but fed R2 significantly increased at 42 days. All amino acid supplementations increased gall blader weight broiler chicken at 21 days, except fed R3. Whereas, broiler chicken fed R3 significantly reduced gall blader weight at 42 days. Weight and volume of bile liquid broiler chicken fed R1, R2 and R4 at significantly
Keyword: Abdominal fat, amino acid supplementation, broiler chicken, bile salt, L-carnitine

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.