Judul: Ecosystem Approach to Small-Scale Squid Fisheries Management of (Uroteuthis spp.): Case Study in Medan Coastal Waters of North Sumatera.
Abstrak: Secara geografis, perairan laut sekitar Medan merupakan bagian dari Wilayah Pengelolaan Perikanan Indonesia (WPP 571) dan merupakan daerah penangkapan perikanan cumi-cumi (Uroteuthis spp.) skala kecil. Informasi mengenai kondisi perikanan cumi-cumi di daerah ini masih sangat terbatas, sehingga diperlukan kajian ilmiah untuk mengetahui status perikanan dan pengelolaannya dengan menggunakan beberapa pendekatan yang relevan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) memetakan interaksi social-ecological system dari perikanan cumi-cumi; (2) menganalisis status perikanan cumi-cumi dengan pendekatan ekosistem dan; (3) menyusun strategi pengelolaannya dengan pendekatan keputusan taktis (tactical decision). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari hingga Mei 2022 pada 2 daerah di Belawan Kota Medan yaitu daerah Young Panah Hijau Kecamatan Medan Marelan dan daerah Lorong Pemancar di Kecamatan Belawan. Data bersumber dari pengambilan dan pengukuran sampel cumi-cumi secara langsung, dan wawancara terstruktur dengan kuesioner terhadap 38 nelayan. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini meliputi analisis deskriptif keterkaitan social-ecological system (social-ecological network analysis; SENA), pendekatan indikator Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries Management (EAFM) dan keputusan taktis. Hasil dari pemetaan serta analisis keterkaitan social-ecological system terdapat 26 nodes dengan 38 edges (hubungan). Berdasarkan analisis degree menunjukkan bahwa nodes yang memiliki peran penting dalam jaringan adalah CPUE (catch per unit effort). Berdasarkan analisis betweennes untuk melihat hubungan atau interaksi antar variabel yang memiliki nilai paling tinggi adalah CPUE terhadap hasil tangkapan (HasTang) dengan nilai 75 (CPUE|HasTang), kemudian berdasarkan matriks kesamaan vertex dan edge betwenness terdapat 6 kelompok klaster dalam jaringan social-ecological system perikanan cumi-cumi. Status kondisi terkini perikanan cumi-cumi di perairan Medan dianalisis melalui enam domain indikator dalam EAFM, yaitu sumberdaya ikan, habitat dan ekosistem, teknik penangkapan, ekonomi, sosial dan kelembagaan. Domain teknik penangkapan ikan masuk dalam kategori baik. Domain lainya seperti sumberdaya ikan, habitat dan ekosistem, sosial, ekonomi dan kelembagaan masuk dalam kategori sedang. Secara agregat status pengelolaan perikanan cumi-cumi pada kategori sedang dengan pencapaian nilai sebesar 195. Terdapat 7 indikator dengan status buruk, sementara indikator lainya (16 indikator) memiliki status sedang hingga baik. Langkah taktis yang diberikan prioritas untuk diterapkan ialah indikator range collapse, habitat khusus, perubahan iklim terhadap kondisi perairan dan habitat, pemanfaatan pengetahuan lokal, pendapatan rumah tangga perikanan dan rencana pengelolaan perikanan (RPP)., Geographically, the sea waters around Medan are part of the Indonesian Fisheries Management Area (FMA 571) and area fishing ground for small-scale squid (Uroteuthis spp.) fisheries. Information regarding the conditions of squid fisheries in this area is still limited, so scientific research is needed to know the fishery’s status and its management using several relevant approaches. The aim of this study is: (1) mapping the socio-ecological system interactions of the squid fishery; (2) analyzing the status of squid fisheries with an ecosystem approach and; (3) developing a management strategy using tactical decision approaches (tactical decision). The research was conducted from January to May 2022 in two landing sites in Medan City, namely the Young Panah Hijau area, Medan Marelan District and the Lorong Pemancar area, Belawan District. The data were taken from direct sampling and measurement of squid, and structured interviews with questionnaires to 38 local fishermen. The research employed various analytical methods, including descriptive analysis of socio-ecological network analysis interactions (SENA), Ecosystem Approach
Keyword: EAFM, small scale fishery, social-ecological system (SES), squid, Waters Medan jchajs

Judul: Improving the Understanding of Small-scale Grouper and Snapper Fisheries in Saleh Bay-West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia to Enhance Their Management
Abstrak: Groupers (Serranidae: Epinephelinae) are a crucial component of fisheries in coastal tropical and sub-tropical regions, providing essential protein and supporting livelihoods. While global landings of grouper have been steadily increasing, with China and Indonesia contributing over 60% of the total catch, challenges persist in managing their stocks, particularly in small-scale fisheries in developing nations. This study aimed to propose an effective management strategy for key grouper species in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia by addressing knowledge gaps and evaluating different management options. Specifically, this involved understanding the dynamics of these fisheries, including fishing methods and the composition of their landings, examining the life history and stock condition of a key but previously data-poor grouper species, i.e., brown-marbled grouper Epinephelus fuscoguttatus, and critically evaluating various management procedures using the Method Evaluation and Risk Assessment (MERA) tool. Findings reveal that 57.7% of the total catches of small-scale reef and demersal fisheries in Saleh Bay consisted of grouper and snapper (Lutjanidae). The fishery is complex, with eight fishing methods employed to catch 75 species. Four species, namely the leopard coral grouper (Plectropomus leopardus), orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides), spotted coral grouper (Plectropomus maculatus), and malabar blood snapper (Lutjanus malabaricus) were primarily targeted, using three main fishing methods, i.e., bottom longline, speargun, and handline, together accounting >90% of the total catch. The composition of catches using these methods changed significantly with fishing depth, season, and/or year. Fishing activities follow a temporal pattern influenced by monsoonal seasons, and fishers utilized specialized tactics to target high-value species for maximum profit. Preliminary biological studies and data from the fish landing monitoring program were used to re-evaluate the spawning potential ratio (SPR) of E. fuscoguttatus. This is one of 12 species targeted for management in Saleh Bay, and of concern as the SPR was previously estimated to range from only 0.05 to 0.07, well below the reference SPR limit of 0.20 and target of 0.30. A new estimate of L50 (length at which 50% of the population is mature) was derived which is ~100 mm smaller than the previous estimate. This new L50 estimate, when combined with the length-based SPR, yielded higher SPR estimates (0.11 to 0.25), although still below the target SPR. Finally, the study employs the MERA approach to assess management procedures for P. leopardus in Saleh Bay. Results indicated that the current size limit and spatial closure regulations may be ineffective due to low compliance and the limited extent of no-take zones within marine protected areas in Saleh Bay, which are smaller than the home range of this species. Recommendations for enhancing the sustainability of grouper and snapper fisheries in Saleh Bay include exploring total allowable catch controls, implementing seasonal closures to limit fishing effort, strengthening existing regulations, and conducting further studies on life-history aspects and stock assessment. In summary, this study underscores the significance of thoroughly understanding the dynamics of small-scale fisheries and the necessity for adaptive management strategies that align with specific local contexts. Sustained collaboration among researchers, fisheries managers, and stakeholders is crucial for tackling management challenges and enforcing effective management to ensure the
Keyword: small scale fishery, fishing dynamic, data limited fishery, method evaluation and risk assessment, management strategy evaluation, brown-marbled grouper, leopard coral grouper

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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