Judul: Pengelolaan perikanan tangkap di kota Batam ; tinjauan dari aspek kebijakan
Abstrak: Perairan Kota Batam merupakan wilayah perairan yang berbatasan langsung cengan perairan intenasional dan perairan negara lain, seperti Singapura dan Malaysia. Letaknya yang sangat strategis menyebabkan PErairan Batam rentan terhadap berbagai tindak pelanggaran, tak terkecuali dibidang perikanan tangkap.
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Judul: Policy analysis on capture fisheries management, case of northern coast of Central Java
Abstrak: Pendekatan poliy study an analysis dari Hogwood and Gunn (1984) terhadap kebijakan pengelolaan Perikanan Tangkap (PT) lingkup internasional, nasional dan daerah menunjukan bahwa pada periode sentralistik dan desentralistik terdapat 27 aspek dari 30 aspek pengelolaan yang telah diatur. Memasuki periode desentralistik, terdapat lima dari 16 aspek yang secara kkonsisten diatur mulai dari produk hokum internasional sampai daerah. Selanjutnya dari seluruh aspek yang berhasil dieksplorasi dan yang relevan dengan pengelolaan PT, terdapat satu aspek yang belum secara eksplisit diatur oleh hokum internasional namun terdapat dalam hokum nasional, yaitu pembangunan prasarana perikanan. Dilihat dari seluruh aspek yang diatur oleh hokum internasional, nasional dan daerah, ditemukan bahwa belum terdapat satu aspek pun yang telah diatur melalui Perda Kabupaten/Kota.
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Judul: Xylooligosaccharide production of corncobs as prebiotic candidate by high temperature heating and enzymatic hydrolysis.
Abstrak: Corncob waste is a rich xylan source that can be utilized as raw material for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. XOS is a potential prebiotic and has high economic value. Two corn varieties i.e. Bisi and Pioneer were first analyzed for its hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents and xylan yield to choose the corn variety to be studied. Process technology for XOS production was studied using available equipment such as oven. Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) from corncob was produced in two stages i.e. xylan extraction by heating at high temperatures in oven or autoclave as comparison, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Analysis of two corncob varieties showed that Pioneer variety contained higher hemicellulose content (34.98%) and xylan yield (18.32%) than Bisi variety (12.28% and 10.22%, respectively), therefore Pioneer variety was chosen as raw material for XOS production. Corncob particles were soaked in dilute acid (1 g/l H2SO4) for 12 h at 60 oC, filtered and washed with tap water and then heated in oven or autoclave. Before oven heating, The corncobs were added with water at various ratios (1:1 – 1:5) and then heated in oven at various temperature (130 oC, 140 oC, 150 oC for 0.5 h) and autoclave at 121oC for 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h with one and two heating cycles. During heating, the total sugar and reducing sugar were increase, while the degree of polymerization was decrease. The results showed that heating in oven to extract the xylan was affected by the ratios of corncobs and aquadest and heating temperatures. Oven heating (130-150 oC) with optimum ratio of corncobs and aquadest (1:3) successfully increased the xylan content from 3.98% up to 18.21 – 19.46% while repeated heating cycle (two cycles) did not affect the xylan content. Heating the corncobs with aquadest (at the ratio of 1:3) in oven at 130 oC for 0.5 h produced 18.98% xylan and enzymatic conversion of the xylan by xylanase significantly increased the XOS content from 19.60% up to 44.06%. Heating the corncobs in autoclave (121 oC, 0.5 h) followed by enzymatic conversion produced higher XOS content (65.67%). The corncob XOS could stimulate the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum kik and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 by 1.2 until 1.7 unit log, indicating the prebiotic properties. Cookies prebiotic produced by addition of 5% (based on wheat flour) had higher hardness texture (1256 gf) than control without XOS (1067 gf).
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