Judul: Potensi Hepatoprotektor Minuman Fungsional Berbasis Ekstrak Daun Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus Bl. Miq) pada Tikus Diabetes.
Abstrak: Kumis kucing merupakan tanaman obat yang berpotensi sebagai hepatoprotektor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui potensi hepatoprotektor minuman fungsional berbasis ekstrak daun kumis kucing dengan menganalisis aktivitas aspartat transaminase (AST) dan alanin transaminase (ALT) serta histopatologi hati pada tikus diabates yang diberi minuman fungsional tersebut. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari kelompok normal, kontrol positif diabetes, pemberian minuman fungsional nanoenkapsulasi, pemberian minuman fungsional mikroenkapsulasi, dan pemberian minuman fungsional ready to drink. Pemberian minuman fungsional nanoenkapsulasi terdiri atas dosis 18.2 mL/kg BB dan 36.4 mL/kg BB. Minuman nanoenkapsulasi berbasis ekstrak daun kumis kucing dosis 18.2 mL/kg BB dapat menurunkan aktivitas AST dan ALT darah tikus diabetes sebesar 30.63% dan 55.17%. Secara umum, hasil analisis histopatologi hati semua kelompok perlakuan menunjukkan keadaan normal. Minuman fungsional berbasis ekstrak daun kumis kucing berpotensi sebagai hepatoprotektor.
Keyword: ALT, AST, hepatoprotektor, kumis kucing, nanoenkapsulasi

Judul: Aktivitas Antioksidan Minuman Fungsional Dienkapsulasi Berbasis Ekstrak Daun Kumis Kucing (Orthosiphon aristatus B1. Miq) pada Tikus Diabetes
Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus merupakan penyakit metabolisme kronis yang disebabkan oleh stress oksidatif. Stress oksidatif dapat dicegah dengan adanya aktivitas antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat diperoleh dalam bentuk sintetis maupun secara alami dari tanaman khususnya tanaman rempah dan herbal. Minuman fungsional berbasis ekstrak daun kumis kucing telah dipelajari memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi serta berpotensi sebagai anti-hiperglikemik. Minuman tersebut berupa formulasi dengan herbal lainnya seperti jahe, temulawak, kayu secang, jeruk nipis, jeruk purut dan jeruk lemon. Secara in vivo, minuman enkapsulasi memiliki aktivitas anti-hiperglikemik lebih tinggi dibandingkan minuman ready to drink. Akan tetapi, mekanisme minuman fungsional berbasis ekstrak daun kumis kucing yang dienkapsulasi sebagai anti-hiperglikemik belum dipelajari. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mempelajari pengaruh minuman yang dienkapsulasi pada pembentukan malondialdehida secara in vitro dan in vivo pada darah tikus sebagai hasil akhir reaksi lipid peroksidasi. Streptozotocin dengan dosis 45 mg/kg digunakan untuk memperoleh kondisi diabetes pada tikus galur Sprague Dawley. Tikus dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu: kontrol negatif diabetes (A), kontrol positif diabetes (B), positif diabetes dengan perlakuan mikroenkapsulasi (C) dan nanoenkapsulasi (D). Dilakukan pengamatan terhadap kadar malondialdehida serum darah, glukosa darah dan perubahan berat badan tikus selama 6 minggu perlakuan. Selain itu, uji in vitro dilakukan dengan analisis aktivitas antioksidan berupa penghambatan minuman enkapsulasi terhadap produksi malondialdehida sebagai hasil oksidasi dari asam linoleat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa minuman enkapsulasi mampu menjaga kestabilan kadar MDA, penurunan berat badan serta peningkatan glukosa darah tikus diabetes. Minuman mikroenkapsulasi dan nanoenkapsulasi mampu menekan pembentukan MDA pada darah masing-masing sebesar 36.63% dan 51.95%. Selain itu, minuman mikroenkapsulasi dan nanoenkapsulasi menekan kenaikan glukosa darah masing-masing sebesar 9.89% dan 45.21%. Secara in vitro, minuman mikroenkapsulasi mampu menghambat pembentukan MDA sebesar 5.94% sedangkan minuman nanoenkapsulasi menghambat sebesar 72.16%. Hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan hal yang sama dengan hasil in vivo, dimana minuman nanoenkapsulasi memiliki kemampuan yang lebih baik dalam menghambatan pembentukan MDA.
Keyword: Diabetes mellitus, nanoenkapsulasi, mikroenkapsulasi, lipid peroksidasi, stress oksidatif

Judul: Spatial Model of Developing Village Based on Road Network and Land Use in Brebes District
Abstrak: Brebes is a rural district dominated by agricultural areas. The area of Brebes Regency is 1,769.62 km2 consisting of 292 villages and 17 sub-districts. Brebes Regency is in the northern region of Central Java Province, borders West Java, and is traversed by the Pantura National Road and the Trans-Java toll road. Geographically, the location of Brebes Regency is strategic so that infrastructure development is expected to optimize geographical advantages and encourage socio-economic development. However, in fact the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita in Brebes in 2022 is IDR 17.61 million lower than the average GRDP per capita in the former Pekalongan Residency districts (consisting of five districts namely Pekalongan, Tegal, Pemalang, Batang, and Brebes) amounting to IDR 22.02 million. The Human Development Index of Brebes is 67.03, the lowest in Central Java, and the poverty rate in 2022 is 16.05%, the third highest in Central Java. Another indicator in assessing the development of Brebes, according to its characteristics which are dominated by rural areas, is the Village Development Index (IDM). IDM is a village development assessment index compiled by the Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration. IDM is a com-posite index that assesses social resilience, economic resilience and environmental resilience. Brebes' IDM in 2022 is 0.6850 or on average they have developing village status. The value is below the Central Java’s IDM average (0.7118) and below the IDM average of the former Pekalongan Residency districts (0.6913). To overcome backwardness, it is necessary to study the spatial aspects of rural areas in Brebes Regency so that rural development can be in harmony with the spatial factors that most influence each village. The main objective of this research is to create modeling based on spatial factors in the form of road networks and land use on the level of village development in Brebes Regency. The method used is road network analysis and land use analysis, as well as regression analysis to determine the influence of the road network and land use on the IDM of Brebes Regency. The selected road network analysis is an analysis of road connectivity (alpha and beta indices), road density, and shortest route, while the land use analysis selected is an analysis of built-up land, regional compactness, and land use diversity. Both analyzes produce quantitative data which is used as an independent variable to assess village development based on IDM as the dependent variable. Correlation between variables was analyzed through geographically weighted regression (GWR) which was preceded by ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis accompanied by a com-parison of the two. The first stage of road network analysis produces an alpha index, beta index, and road network density level. The alpha index value in Brebes is in the range 0.370-0.856 with an average value of 0.455. This figure is still lower than the perfect score (α=1), which means that the road network in Brebes within the village area is not fully connected well. Meanwhile, the beta index value in Brebes is in the interval 1.682-1.944 with an average value of 1.792. This figure means that the road network
Keyword: GWR, road network, land use, village development