Judul: Strategi Perhitungan Akurasi Pada Metode Ordinary Kriging Dengan Menggunakan Teknik Jackknife
Abstrak: Pada pembahasan Geoslatislika gugus data yang digunakan adalah gugus data ilmu bumi (earlh science dala sels). Berbeda dengan gugus data lainnya, gugus data ilmu bumi selain memperhatikan nilai variabel yang dimnati, juga memperhatikan lokasi tempat data tersebut diukur. Perilaku data di snalu area (trend data), kekontinuan data pacta orientasi tertentu, dan mC1salah pendugaan data di suatu titik adalah hal - hal yang menjadi bahasan dalam Geoslatislika. Masalah yang seringkali mUllenl adalah bagaimana kita memperoleh data pada lokasi yang sulit dilakukan pengukuran padahal data di titik tersebut sangat diperlukan. Dalam hal ini terdapat beberapa metode yang dapat digunakan untuk menduga data di suatu lokasi berdasarkan Irend dala di sekitarnya. Metode - metode itu antara lain Ordinmy Kriging, Cokriging, dan Inver.\· Jarak. Metodemetode tersebut menggunakan infonnasi dari data yang terletak di sekitar titik yang akan diduga nilainya. Jika nilai dugaan telah diperoleh, masalah selanjutnya adalah bagaimana kita menentukan tingkat akurasi dari nilai dugaan tersebut. Dengan kata lain perin ada snatu cara uIltuk mel1elltukan apakah kila akan menerima atan menolak l1ilai dugaan yang dihasilkan dari suatn metode dengan toleransi tertentu yang diberikan.
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Judul: Pendugaan Dengan 2 Kondisi Ketakbiasan Pada Teknik Cokriging
Abstrak: Data spasial adalah data yang dikumpulkan dari lokasi-Iokasi yang saling berkorelasi satu sarna lain. Persoalan yang ada pada data spasial adalah sulit melakukan pengukuran pada semua lokasi karena lokasi bersifat kontinu. Oleh karena itu pendugaan titik-titik yang tidak dilakukan pengukuran sangatlah penting. Salah satu ilustrasi dalam masalah nyata adalah dalam industri minyak. Dipmeter mengukur lubang dan meneari kedalaman, juga terdapat beberapa parameter seperti sifat menyerap (porosity), permeabilitas dan kejenuhan eairan yang bergantung pada kedalaman. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas pendugaan data spasial menggunakan teknik cokriging yang dihadapkan pada dua masalah yaitu apakah akan menggunakan kondisi tak bias 1 atau menggunakan kondisi tak bias 2 sehingga ragam galat yang dihasilkan sekeeil mungkin
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Judul: The isolation and molecular identification of papillomavirus in macaca fascicularis and macaca nemestrina at animal facility of primate research centre – Bogor Agricultural University.
Abstrak: Cervical cancer is still regarded as a major cause of death in women world wide, hence research on papilloma viruses, their drugs and vaccines for the prevention are still continued. Papilloma virus is a DNA virus of the family papillomaviridae. Papilloma virions have no sheath, the diameter of 55 nm, and icosahedral capsid. The virus multiplies in the cell nucleus and causes chronic latent infection. The virus genome has a circular form, 8 kbp in length with 8 open reading frames. The genome is divided into early (E) and late (L) genes. The E gen synthesizes 6 E proteins, namely E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7, which are linked into the process of viral replication and oncogenes. Meanwhile, the L gene synthesizes 2 proteins, the L1 and L2, which are related to the formation of the capsid (Hakim 2010). In order to obtain the best result of the cancer research, it is highly requested to obtain appropriate animal model that reflect aspects of human disease. Non-human primates have high similarity with humans, both in terms of the evolution of the genetic, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and organ systems, as well as in cancer genes. Non-human primates of the genus Macaca is a genus with the highest distribution worldwide, from Japan to Afghanistan. So far, there are 22 species are included in the genus Macaca. Originally rhesus monkeys or M. mulatta are widely used for biomedical research, but since the Indian government imposed a ban on importing these animals, then Macaca fascicularis (Long-tailed Macaque, cynomolgus) and Macaca nemestrina (Pig-tailed Macaque), which has high population in Southeast Asia, began to be used as research animal. Various medical aspects related to both species are commonly studied by many researchers as an animal model for human diseases. This study is using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and nucleotide tracking to identify papillomavirus tipes that infect the genital tract of Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina, which is kept in breeding facilities of Primate Research Center, IPB. The analysis of nucleotide sequences were performed using the Clustal W 2.1 and 5.1 Mega program. The establishment of phylogenetic tree using neighbor joining with 1000 times bootstrap repetition. The results showed that the papillomavirus that infect Macaca fascicularis was 32.7% (78/238) and Macaca nemestrina 12% (4/31). Both species were infected by Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus (MfPV) tipe 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9, belongs to the genus Alpha papillomavirus with homology of 80 - 100%. Papilloma virus that infected the pig-tailed macaque was the same tipe of papillomavirus that infected the cynomolgus with similarity between 82% - 99% based on L1 region. To further explain the tipes of papilloma viruses that infected the pig-tailed macaque, it is necessary to identify the entire genome of the virus. To determine the tipe of the virus, it requires the identification of a more complete nucleotide sequence. It is interesting because papillomavirus that infected the pigtail macaques has 76% homology with the HPV tipe 52. This is the first report on the incidence of papillomavirus infection in the pigtail macaque genome that further analysis
Keyword: Papillomavirus, cervic cancer, animal model, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina