Judul: Model Dinamik Swasembada Garam Nasional
Abstrak: Salt has a strategic role as the staple food towards consumption needs and industrial needs in raw materials. The consumption needs covers all aspects in house hold consumption, cooking oil industries, fish curing industries, and other common industries such as oil industry, textile and tannery, feed, chlor alkali (CAP), and pharmacy (Deperin 2009). The potential area for salt sea bank is about 34 hectare, but only 60 percent of this area are used as productive salt sea bank. The production produced by a productive salt sea bank in Indonesia are considered very low as they cannot fulfill the needs generally. The gap between supply and demand generate high dependency towards imported salt. As a step to reduce the dependency, in 2011, the government came up with the idea of the national salt self sufficiency. The achievement of this program can be measured by the availability of consumption and industrial salt needs. This research was done to (1) build a model of the national salt supply system to measure the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency, (2) analyze the impact of this self sufficiency achievement in the national salt self sufficiency, and (3) compose an alternative policy needed as an effort to achieve the salt self sufficiency. In this research, the dynamic system approach is used. The impact of this national salt self sufficiency policy is analyzed using five scenario: (1) scenario 1 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 60 percent of the achievement indicator), (2) scenario 2 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 80 percent of the achievement indicator), (3) scenario 3 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 100 percent of the achievement indicator with the lower limit of extensification), (4) scenario 4 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 100 percent of the achievement indicator with the middle limit of extensification), (5) scenario 5 (if the achievement of the national salt self sufficiency reach 100 percent of the achievement indicator with the upper limit of extensification). In arranging the alternative policy, three scenarios are needed; (1) scenario 6: scenario 4 with the correction in the PUGAR productivity increasement policy in 97 tons/hectare, (2) scenario 7: scenario 6 with the assumption of ; all grassroots salt companies are the member of PUGAR, and (3) scenario 8: scenario 7 plus salt consumption reduction for household based on the salt intake recommendation of WHO (2007) which is 5 grams per day per capita and and the increasement of salt quality produced by the grassroots supplier so there will be no more purification needed. The analysis shown that in real condition, the supply of consumption salt fluctuated during the stimulation period. Deficit supply in extreme weather. While during normal weather, Indonesia could achieve the consumption salt self sufficiency. But the actual processing of salt in Indonesia does not support the self sufficiency program gradually. While the industrial salt supply is lack during the stimulation program. This condition happened because in actual processing, Indonesia cannot produce their own industrial salt.
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Judul: Kajian Efektivitas Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat di Desa Losarang, Kecamatan Losarang, Kabupaten Indramayu
Abstrak: An ironic thing that Indonesia as maritime country have insufficiency salt problem. Salt is strategic commodities that can be easily produced by evaporation of sea water and policy salts have been issued since the Dutch colonial era. In 2011 the Government of Indonesia make toward self sufficiency salt policy. This research was aimed to analyze the implementation efectivity of Salt Business Empowerment Program (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat or PUGAR). PUGAR is the Government Program to achieve Salt Production Target and increasing the salt farmer welfare. The research design used purposive and snowball sampling to select 70 respondent in Losarang Village at Indramayu. The data were analyzed by using Quantitative Analysis, Qualitative Analysis, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) and MAHP (Modified Analytical Hierarchy Process) . The result showed PUGAR (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat) in Losarang implemented with effectiveness. This is indicated by salt production target achieved and increasing the salt farmer welfare. Implementation PUGAR make salt productivity in Losarang 90,43 ton/ha, increasing salt farmer income, empower 17 the People's Business Group Salt (Kelompok Usaha Garam Rakyat or KUGAR) with the amount of 170 salt farmers, give technological innovation and quality salt production and give job for 778 people as salt farmers, farm workers and transport workers. Obtained result Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) of salt bussiness is 2,608 and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) is 2,673. Moreover the research calculate salt business feasibility that known from B/C ratio > 1, business profit margin, appropriate salt area owned by farmers, business gap analysis of salt and break even analysis. Break even analysis to determine the selling price of the large volume of salt and salt production business people to reach the point of no profit and no loss (break even).
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Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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