Judul: Rekayasa Proses dan Alat Pemisah Minyak Nilam dan Air Distilat
Abstrak: Industri penyulingan minyak nilam di Indonesia yang pada umumnya adalah industri kecil menengah (IKM) yang dilakukan oleh rakyat memiliki masalah pada pemisahan minyak nilam dan air distilat di separator. Mereka memisahkan minyak nilam dan air distilat dengan alat pemisah (separator) yang konvensional yaitu dengan menggunakan tiga drum berukuran kecil berdiamater sekitar 35 cm yang disusun secara seri dan dengan cara yang tidak praktis yaitu dengan cara diciduk serta kondisi suhu yang tidak terkontrol. Kehilangan (loss) minyak yang terjadi mencapai 4.3%. Jumlah ini sangat signifikan terhadap kerugian yang ditimbulkan pada skala industri terutama pada volume yang besar dan waktu yang lama.
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Judul: Analisis Kinerja Prototipe Separator Penyulingan Minyak Nilam
Abstrak: Patchouli oil is an Indonesian important essential oil with the biggest total production compared to similar commodities. Indonesia is a major producer of patchouli oil in the world with almost 90% market share. The total production of Indonesian patchouli oil in 2006 reached 2.832.413 kg or the equivalent of U.S. $ 43,984,079. Until now, most of patchouli oil is still produced in small-scale distillation with a simple technology, corrosive materials, and low efficiency. Separator is a part of distillation equipment that has not undergone many improvements. Therefore, research needs to be done on a separator considering the patchouli oil including an oil that tend to be more difficult to separate from water so there was big loss potential on separator. The objectives of this study are to evaluate the performance of separator of IKM (Small Medium Industry) and then compare it with the performance of the prototype separator that has been developed. Observed factors are the distillate temperature and the flow rate with oil loss as a response. The range of distillate temperatures and distillate flow rate in this IKM, respectively 38,5-60 oC and 1,28-2,72 liters/minute. The range of oil loss that occurs is 2,11 % - 4,35 % with an average value 3.13%. The result of Patchouli Alcohol (PA) Levels Test for waste oil (loss) with alcoholmeter indicates a PA level is bigger than 34%. Waste oil density is 0.992 g/ml. At higher distillate temperatures there is a decreasing trend of oil loss while at the bigger distillate flow rate there was a greater tendency to increase oil loss. Prototype separator was designed based on the distillate flow rate and distillate temperature at the separator of IKM performance test. This separator has an inner cylinder to help the oil separation process. The top of the separator is made of glass to make it easier to monitor the amount of oil. The tip of the glass made narrowed to minimize surface contact between water and oil so facilitate the collecting process of oil. The oil removed from the separator through a pipe with faucet at the end. Separator prototype made of stainless steel. Prototype separator has a very good performance. In the separator prototype performance test, the range of oil loss is 0.09 % - 0.24 % with an average value 0.16%. The waste water from separator prototype more clearly than the waste water from separator of IKM. Separator prototype no longer need additional tool such as foam and big spoon in collecting oil.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan