Judul: Total of Microorganisms and Staphylococcus aureus in Raw pet food and Wet pet food.
Abstrak: Status mikrobiologi pakan untuk hewan peliharaan berkaitan secara langsung terhadap kesehatan hewan dan kesehatan manusia secara tidak langsung. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas mikrobiologi raw pet food dan wet pet food berdasarkan jumlah total mikroorganisme dan jumlah Staphylococcus aureus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pakan jenis raw pet food sebanyak 3 merek dan wet pet food sebanyak 1 merek dari bahan dasar daging ayam dan daging sapi. Pengujian jumlah total mikroorganisme dan jumlah Staphylococcus aureus menggunakan metode hitungan cawan. Rata-rata jumlah total mikroorganisme pada raw pet food berbahan dasar daging ayam dan daging sapi adalah 3,9×105 ± 5,6×105 CFU/g dan 2,7×105 ± 3,0×105 CFU/g, sedangkan pada wet pet food adalah 3,3×102 ± 2,6×102 CFU/g. Rata-rata jumlah Staphylococcus aureus pada raw pet food bahan dasar daging ayam dan daging sapi adalah 2,4×104 ± 3,0×104 CFU/g, dan 2,1×104 ± 5,6×104 CFU/g, sedangkan wet pet food adalah 0 CFU/g. Secara umum penelitian ini menunjukkan jumlah total mikroorganisme dan jumlah Staphylococcus aureus pada raw pet food lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan wet pet food., The microbiological status of feed for pets is directly related to animal health and human health indirectly. This research was aimed to determine microbiological quality of raw pet food and wet pet food based on the total of microorganisms and Staphylococcus aureus. A total of 3 brands and 1 brand samples from chicken-based and beef-based ingredients were used in this research. The total of microorganisms and Staphylococcus aureus were determined using total plate count method. The average total of microorganisms in chicken-based and beef-based raw pet food was 3,9×105 ± 5,6×105 CFU/g and 2,7×105 ± 3,0×105 CFU/g, whilst in wet pet food was 3,3×102 ± 2,6×102 CFU/g. The average number of Staphylococcus aureus in chicken-based and beef-based raw pet food was 2,4×104 ± 3,0×104 CFU/g, and 2,1×104 ± 5,6×104 CFU/g, whilst wet pet food was 0 CFU/g. This research showed that the total of microorganisms and Staphylococcus aureus in raw pet food was higher than inside wet pet food.
Keyword: microbiological quality, raw pet food, Staphylococcus aureus, total of microorganisms, wet pet food

Judul: The Presence of Salmonella spp. in Commercially Sterilized and Unprocessed Dog Food
Abstrak: Pemberian pakan untuk hewanpeliharaan dengan bahan dasar daging mentah tanpa pengolahan termal membawa risiko kesehatan akibat keberadaan Salmonella spp. sebagai bakteri patogen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif yang bertujuan mengetahui keamanan pakan anjing peliharaan berdasarkan keberadaan Salmonella spp. dalam raw pet food dan wet pet food yang dibeli secara online. Sampel berasal dari 3 merk raw pet food dengan 5 kali ulangan dan 1 merk wet pet food dengan 6 kali ulangan, yang masing-masing berbahan dasar daging ayam dan daging sapi. Metode identifikasi keberadaan Salmonella spp. didasarkan pada pertumbuhan Salmonella spp. dalam media selektif dengan tahapan pra-pengayaan (pre-enrichment) dan pengayaan (enrichment) mengacu pada SNI 2897:2008. Standar keberadaan Salmonella spp. dalam pakan hewan peliharaan berdasarkan Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 concerning health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption adalah negatif/25 g. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 11 dari 15 raw petfood daging ayam dan 5 dari 15 raw petfood daging sapi positif mengandung Salmonella spp. Jenis daging bahan dasar raw pet food memengaruhi frekuensi keberadaan Salmonella spp. di dalamnya. Salmonella spp. tidak ditemukan dalam wet pet food yang diolah dengan proses sterilisasi komersial. Keberadaan Salmonella spp. dalam raw pet food berdampak pada risiko kesehatan hewan secara langsung dan pemilik hewan secara tidak langsung, khususnya salmonellosis., Pet feeding with raw pet food without thermal processing has the dangerous potential to carry a health risk due to the presence of Salmonella spp. as pathogenic bacteria. This research was aimed to determine pet feed safety of the Salmonella spp.’s presence in raw pet food and wet pet food purchased online. Samples were taken from chicken- and beef-based sources of 3 brands of raw pet food with 5 replications and 1 brand of wet pet food with 6 replications. Methods to identify the presence of Salmonella spp. based on the Salmonella spp.’s growth in selective media with pre-enrichment and enrichment stages referring to SNI 2897:2008. The standard for Salmonella spp.’s presence in pet food based on Commission Regulation (EU) No 142/2011 concerning health rules as regards animal by-products and derived products not intended for human consumption is absence/25 g. The results showed 11 of 15 chicken-based raw pet food and 5 of 15 beef-based raw pet food were positive for Salmonella spp. The basic ingredients of raw pet food affected the frequency of Salmonella spp.’s presence in raw pet food. Salmonella spp. was not found in wet pet food that was processed by commercial sterilization. The presence of Salmonella spp. in raw dog food affected the health risk of animals directly and owners indirectly, especially salmonellosis.
Keyword: dog food, raw pet food, Salmonella spp., wet pet food

Judul: Kekonsistenan Hamiltonian pada Gerak Gelombang Interfacial
Abstrak: The interfacial wave is an internal wave that occurs at boundary of two layers fluid. It appears because there is difference of mass density between the two layers. The objective of this thesis is to formulate the motion of internal wave with flat base and flat as well as free upper bound surface. The motion equation obtained is a Hamiltonian system. The Hamiltonian in this system is expressed by variable of wave deviation and horizontal component of potential velocity. Under assumption that interfacial wave moves only in one direction, it can be shown that the Hamiltonian depends on the solution of the wave motion equation. The coefficients of the equation depend on the physical characteristics of the two layers of fluid, i.e. thickness and mass density. The numerical results show that Hamiltonian in the system is constant. It is consistent with Hamiltonian characteristic, which does not depend on time.
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