Judul: Analisis Tataniaga Cengkeh di Kecamatan Amahai, Kabupaten Maluku Tengah, Provinsi Maluku
Abstrak: Syzygium aromaticum or better known as clove is a medicinal plant that is also widely used in the national cigarette industry. The purpose of this study was to analyze the pattern of clove marketing channels in the District Amahai, to analyze the magnitude of marketing margins and marketing efficiency levels in the District Amahai and to analyze the costs and benefits of marketing on the level of the marketing channel marketing agency cloves in the District Amahai. Data were analyzed using a pattern of marketing channels, the magnitude of the marketing margin, the ratio of costs and benefits of marketing on the level of marketing agencies in the District Amahai how efficient trading system to get the cloves in District Amahai. Analyze margin trading system and farmer’s share trading system shows that the channel one is more efficient because although do not have smallest margin trading system and biggest farmer’s share but has the trading volume is higher than the second channel. While based on the ratio of benefit and cost analyze, marketing channels one are relatively more efficient because have the greatest cost benefit ratio and the 19.37.
Keyword: efficiency., trading system, cloves, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Analisis Sistem Tataniaga Mentimun di Desa Laladon, Kecamatan Ciomas, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Cucumber is one of the prime commodities in Indonesia. The fluctuating price of cucumber and high marketing margin between received price by farmers and price which is paid by consumers make the received farmer's share by farmers is relatively small. The purpose of this research is to identify the channels and marketing functions, market structure and conduct of marketing institutions, and to analyze the efficiency of marketing channels of cucumber based on marketing marjin, farmer's share, and the ratio of benefits to costs. The data were collected by observation and interview to farmers in Laladon village, Subdistrick Ciomas, Bogor Regency. The result of research stated that there were three marketing channels formed with different functions, different institutions, and different market structure on every channel. The analysis of the marketing efficiency concluded that marketing channel III is the most efficient channel because it has the lowest marketing marjin, highest farmer's share, and highest ratio of benefits to costs.
Keyword: system, marketing, Laladon village, efficiency, Cucumber

Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik