Judul: Identification of Lactic Acid Fermentative Bacteria from the Faeces of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), Kalimantan Endemic Primates
Abstrak: Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) adalah golongan bakteri yang memiliki peran dalam pencernaan dengan sifat tidak toksik bagi inangnya dan mampu menghasilkan beberapa senyawa yang dapat mengeliminasi bakteri patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri asam laktat yang terdapat pada feses bekantan. Sampel feses yang diinokulasikan pada media MRSA (de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar), Pengujian biokimia dengan uji oksidase, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), uji urease, uji IMViC. Uji IMVIC sendiri terdiri dari beberapa uji yaitu uji Sulfide Indol Motility (SIM), uji Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer, dan uji Simmon’s Citrate, serta pengujian fermentasi karbohidrat yang terdiri dari glukosa, laktosa, sukrosa, maltosa, manitol, dan dulsitol. Berdasarkan hasil uji yang dilakukan didapatkan jenis bakteri Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus brevis, dan Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a group of bacteria that have a role in digestion with non-toxic properties to their host and can produce several compounds that can eliminate pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to identify the types of lactic acid bacteria found in proboscis monkey feces. The method used was a simple test with fecal samples inoculated on MRSA media (de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar), biochemical testing with oxidase test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), urease test, IMViC test. The IMVIC test itself consists of several tests, namely the Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) test, Proskauer's Methyl Red-Voges test, Simmon's Citrate test, and carbohydrate fermentation testing consisting of glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, mannitol, and Dulcitol. Based on the results of the tests carried out, it was found that the types of bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus plantarum.
Keyword: Lactic acid bacteria, monkey feces, primates

Judul: Identification and Total of Lactic Acid  Fermentative Bacteria in Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo abelii)
Abstrak: Bakteri asam laktat (BAL) merupakan bakteri yang digolongkan ke dalam bakteri yang bermanfaat bagi kesehatan inang, terutama menjaga keseimbangan flora di dalam pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan isolasi dan identifikasi jenis bakteri asam laktat serta mengetahui jumlah koloninya pada feses orang utan sumatra. Sampel dilakukan pengenceran 10-1 hingga ke 10-8, kemudian diisolasikan ke dalam media selektif MRS agar menggunakan metode pour plate. Setelah diinkubasi, koloni yang tumbuh pada media diamati dan dihitung total koloni bakteri asam laktat. Koloni yang terpilih dilanjutkan untuk diisolasi dan diidentifikasi menggunakan uji sederhana, yaitu uji biokimia dengan uji katalase, uji oksidase, uji Sulfide Indole Motility, uji Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer, dan uji fermentasi gula-gula. Bakteri asam laktat yang dapat diidentifikasi dari sampel feses orang utan sumatra adalah Leuconostoc sp., Weissella sp., Lactobacillus sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total bakteri asam laktat pada sampel sebesar 8,98 x 106 CFU/ml., Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is a type of bacteria which belong to have beneficial health for the host, especially to maintain microflora stability of the digestion. This research aimed to isolate and identify the lactic acid bacteria in the fecal of sumatran orangutan. Samples were dilution 10-1 to 10-8, then isolated in selected media MRSA using the pour plate method. After the incubation, separated colonies which grown in media were observed and were counted as a total colony of lactic acid bacteria. The selected colony continued to isolate and identify using simple tests, such as biochemical test with catalase test, oxidase test, Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) tests, Proskauer's Methyl Red-Voges test, and carbohydrate fermentation test. Lactic acid bacteria that can be identified from fecal samples of sumatran orangutan are Leuconostoc sp., Weissella sp., dan Lactobacillus sp. The results showed that the total lactic acid bacteria in the sample was 8,98 x 106 CFU/ml.
Keyword: lactic acid bacteria, fecal sumatran orangutan, total plate count

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4