Judul: Keragaman SNP c.957 A>C Gen PLAG1 (Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1) pada Sapi Bali Menggunakan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Gen Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1 (PLAG1) merupakan salah satu gen pengontrol pertumbuhan dan ukuran tubuh sapi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keragaman gen PLAG1 sebagai kandidat gen pengontrol pertumbuhan di posisi SNP c.957 A>C pada sapi bali dengan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR RFLP). Digunakan sebanyak 30 sampel sapi bali Village Breeding Center (VBC) Nusa Penida, Provinsi Bali dan 30 sampel sapi bali Village Breeding Center (VBC) Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan. Keragaman SNP c.957 A>C gen PLAG1 dilakukan dengan teknik PCR-RFLP. Genotipe yang ditemukan polimorfik yaitu genotipe homozigot (AA dan CC) dan genotipe heterozigot (AC) dari gen PLAG1 dengan frekuensi alel A dan alel C masing-masing nilai 0.1 dan 0.9 pada sapi bali Nusa Penida serta nilai 0.08 dan 0.92 pada sapi bali Kabupaten Barru. Frekuensi alel di kedua lokasi tidak berada dalam keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg dengan nilai keragaman yang rendah., The Pleomorphic Adenoma Gene 1 (PLAG1) is a gene that controls cattle growth and body size. This study aimed to identify and analyze the polymorphism of the SNP c.957 A>C PLAG1 gene in Bali cattle using the Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. As much as 30 samples of Bali cattle from Village Breeding Center (VBC) Nusa Penida, Province of Bali, and 30 samples of Bali cattle from Village Breeding Center (VBC) Kabupaten Barru, Sulawesi Selatan were used in this study. Polymorphism of the SNP c.957 A>C PLAG1 gene was done by PCR-RFLP technic. The genotypes of the PLAG1 gene were found to be polymorphic with homozygous genotypes (AA and CC) and heterozygous genotypes (AC). A and C allele frequencies were 0.1 and 0.9 for Bali cattle Nusa Penida, while 0.08 and 0.92 for Bali cattle Kabupaten Barru. Allele frequencies in two locations are not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with a low diversity rate.
Keyword: bali cattle, PLAG1 gene, SNP, PCR-RFLP

Judul: Determination of Diversity SNP c.795A>G PLAG1 Gene with PCR-RFLP Method and Its Association with Birth Weight in Bali Cattle
Abstrak: Sapi bali merupakan salah satu contoh sapi pedaging asli Indonesia yang memiliki keanekaragaman tinggi dan sebagai sumber daya genetik ternak asli Indonesia. Sumber daya genetik ternak sapi bali ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi daging di Indonesia, tetapi potensi ini belum ditingkatkan secara optimal. Sapi bali berpotensi untuk dikembangkan dan ditingkatkan produktivitasnya, yaitu dengan seleksi pada tingkat molekuler. Salah satu gen yang berhubungan dengan pertumbuhan yaitu gen Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). Gen PLAG1 merupakan salah satu gen pengontrol pertumbuhan dan ukuran tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis keragaman gen PLAG1 dengan metode PCR-RFLP dan asosiasinya dengan bobot lahir pada sapi bali. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 104 sampel yang terdiri dari 66 ekor sapi bali BPTU-HPT Denpasar dan 38 ekor sapi bali BPT-HMT Serading. Sapi yang dipilih untuk diuji keragaman genetiknya ini adalah sapi yang memiliki data bobot lahir. Analisis keragaman gen PLAG1 menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP dengan enzim restriksi Sac1. Program Popgen32 digunakan untuk menganalisis frekuensi genotipe dan alel, nilai heterosigositas, dan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Uji GLM digunakan untuk menganalisis asosiasi SNP c.795A>G gen PLAG1 dengan bobot lahir pada sapi bali. Amplifikasi fragmen gen PLAG1 menghasilkan panjang produk PCR sebesar 776 bp dan 2 alel. Genotipe yang dihasilkan adalah AA (562 bp dan 182 bp), AG (562 bp, 182 bp, dan 104 bp), dan GG (562 bp dan 104 bp). Gen PLAG1 pada sapi bali bersifat polimorfik. Frekuensi alel sapi bali di BPTU-HPT Denpasar dan BPT-HMT Serading berada pada keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg dengan frekuensi alel tertinggi adalah alel G di kedua lokasi. Genotipe dari SNP c.795A>G gen PLAG1 berasosiasi dengan bobot lahir pada sapi bali. Genotipe AG memiliki bobot lahir tertinggi dengan alel A sebagai penentu bobot lahir tinggi., Bali cattle are one of the examples of native Indonesian beef cattle that have high diversity and are a genetic resource for native Indonesian cattle. The genetic resources of Bali cattle can be utilized to meet the needs of meat consumption in Indonesia, but this potential has not been optimally increased. Bali cattle have the potential to be developed and increase their productivity by selection at the molecular level. One of the genes associated with growth is the Pleomorphic adenoma gene 1 (PLAG1). The PLAG1 gene is one of the genes that control growth and body size. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of the PLAG1 gene using PCR-RFLP and its association with birth weight in Bali cattle. The total sample used was 104 samples consisting of 66 Bali cattle from BPTU-HPT Denpasar and 38 Bali cattle from BPT-HMT Serading. The selected cattle to be tested for genetic polymorphism are cattle that have birth weight data. Analysis of PLAG1 gene polymorphism was carried out using PCR-RFLP and Sac1 restriction enzyme. Popgen32 was used to analyze the genotype and allele frequencies, heterozygosity, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. General Linear Model was used to analyze the association of SNP c.795A>G PLAG1 gene with birth weight in Bali cattle. PLAG1 gene amplification resulted from 776 bp fragments and 2 alleles. The PLAG1 gene consisted of three genotypes i.e. AA (562 bp and 182 bp), AG (562 bp, 182 bp,
Keyword: Bali cattle, PCR-RFLP, PLAG1 gene, polymorphism

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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