Judul: Konsep Eco-Agroindustrial Estate di Kalimantan Tengah: Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Biogas
Abstrak: The government plans to develop a food barn in Central Kalimantan to anticipate the food crisis and improve food security. The concept of eco-agroindustrial estate aims to formulate the concept of land use as an integrated area to be applied in Central Kalimantan, which can produce various agricultural commodities, livestock, fisheries, and other supporting commodities to achieve the function as a food barn efficiently. This concept uses an industrial ecology approach that forms a closed-loop system in minimizing waste generation and external inputs. This research is part of the eco-agroindustrial estate concept that utilizes livestock waste and converts it into energy and fertilizer. The biogas generation plant unit treats 360 tons of cow manure, generating 10630 kWh of electricity, 24 tons of solid fertilizer, and 170 m3 of liquid fertilizer. This power plant shows technically and technologically feasible results, financially viable with an R/C ratio of 1.8, and environmentally sound with methane mitigation of 20,664 Mt CO2-eq. This concept offers social, economic, and environmentall benefits. This concept also contributes to the Sustainable Development Goals, namely goals number 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, and 15., Pemerintah berencana membangun lumbung pangan di Kalimantan Tengah untuk mengantisipasi krisis pangan dan meningkatkan ketahanan pangan. Konsep eco-agroindustrial estate bertujuan untuk merumuskan konsep penggunaan lahan sebagai kawasan terpadu untuk diterapkan di Kalimantan Tengah, yang dapat menghasilkan berbagai komoditas pertanian, peternakan, perikanan, dan komoditas pendukung lainnya untuk mencapai fungsi sebagai lumbung pangan secara efisien. Konsep ini menggunakan pendekatan ekologi industri yang membentuk sistem loop tertutup dalam meminimalkan timbulan sampah dan input eksternal. Penelitian ini merupakan bagian dari konsep eco-agroindustrial estate yang memanfaatkan limbah ternak dan mengubahnya menjadi energi dan pupuk. Unit pembangkit biogas mengolah 360ton kotoran sapi, menghasilkan listrik 10630 kWh, 24ton pupuk padat, dan 170 m3 pupuk cair. Pembangkit listrik ini menunjukkan hasil yang layak secara teknis dan teknologi, layak secara finansial dengan rasio R/C 1,8, dan berwawasan lingkungan dengan mitigasi metana sebesar 20.664 Mt CO2-eq. Konsep ini menawarkan manfaat sosial, ekonomi, dan lingkungan. Konsep ini juga berkontribusi pada Tujuan Pembangunan Berkelanjutan, yaitu tujuan nomor 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 13, dan 15.
Keyword: Central Kalimantan, closed loop system, eco-agroindustrial estate, food estate

Judul: Eco-Agroindustrial Estate Concept in Central Kalimantan: Rice Husk Biomass Based Power Generation System
Abstrak: Pemerintah berencana mengembangkan program lumbung pangan untuk menjaga kebutuhan pangan dalam negeri. Hal tersebut dikarenakan adanya sinyalemen dari Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), mengenai potensi krisis pangan dunia akibat pandemi covid-19 yang menyebabkan terganggunya rantai pasok pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merumuskan pemanfaatan hasilsamping dan lahan sebagai suatu kawasan terintegrasi yang efisien, bernilai tambah, dan berkelanjutan. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Tahapan yang dilakukan meliputi pengumpulan data dan informasi yang digunakan untuk menganalisis aspek-aspek yang berhubungan dengan proses pengembangan industri PLTBm sekam padi di Kalimantan Tengah. Kemudian, analisis data dilakukan melalui tiga aspek yaitu aspek teknis dan teknologi, aspek finansial, dan aspek lingkungan. Hasil yang didapatkan adalah industri PLTBm sekam padi layak secara teknis dan teknologi dalam pemilihan proses pengolahan yang mudah untuk diterapkan, finansial dengan nilai R/C ratio > 1, lingkungan yang dapat mengurangi limbah dan pencemaran lingkungan. Selain itu, pada analisis sensitivitas pada industri PLTBm sekam padi dikatakan tidak layak jika berada pada kondisi harga jual produk turun 40% dan harga bahan baku tetap, harga jual produk meningkat 40% dan harga bahan baku turun 40% karena memiliki nilai R/C ratio < 1., The government plans to develop a food barn program to maintain domestic food needs due to a signal from the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), regarding the potential for a world food crisis due to the COVID-19 pandemic, which disrupts the food supply chain. This study aims to formulate by-products and land as an integrated area that is efficient, value-added, and sustainable. The method used is qualitative and quantitative analysis. The steps taken include collecting data and information used to analyze aspects related to developing the rice husk PLTBm industry in Central Kalimantan. Then, data analysis is carried out through three aspects: technical and technological aspects, financial aspects, and environmental aspects. The results obtained are the rice husk PLTBm industry is technically and technologically feasible in selecting a processing process that is easy to apply financially with an R/C ratio > 1, an environment that can reduce waste and environmental pollution. In addition, the sensitivity analysis on the rice husk PLTBm industry is unfeasible if it is in a condition where the selling price of the product decreases by 40%, the price of raw materials are fixed, the selling price of the product increases by 40%, and the price of raw materials decreases by 40% because it has an R/C ratio < 1.
Keyword: sustainable, efficient, Central Kalimantan, added value, rice husk PLTBm

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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