Judul: Delignifikasi Biomassa Limbah Sorgum melalui Teknik Mikrogelembung Oksigen dan Ozon
Abstrak: Sorgum manis (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) merupakan salah satu tanaman serealia yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Kandungan selulosa sorgum yang tinggi dapat mencapai 44% tetapi belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Delignifikasi menggunakan ozon merupakan salah satu teknologi prospektif yang ramah lingkungan dan mengurangi biaya operasional. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan selektivitas delignifikasi (nisbah selulosa/lignin) dan menetapkan kondisi terbaik pada proses ozonolisis sorgum serta mencirikan karakteristik serat hasil delignifikasi sebagai bahan baku pembuatan pulp. Delignifikasi dilakukan dengan menggunakan ragam pH 3, 7, dan 10. Ozon dialirkan ke dalam reaktor dengan laju alir 3 L menit-1 selama 30, 45, dan 60 menit. Proses ozonolisis memberikan nilai selektivitas delignifikasi tertinggi pada pH 3. Nilai turunan dimensi serat menempatkan biomassa sorgum manis termasuk kelas kualitas serat II sehingga berpotensi sebagai alternatif bahan baku dalam pembuatan pulp., Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) is one of the cereal crops that has the potential to be developed in Indonesia. The high cellulose content of sorghum can reach 44% but has yet to be widely utilized. Delignification using ozone is an environmentally friendly technology that reduces operational costs. This study aims to determine the delignification selectivity (cellulose/lignin ratio), determine the best conditions for the sorghum ozonolysis process, and characterize the delignified fiber as a raw material for pulping. Delignification was performed using a pH range of 3, 7, and 10. Ozone flowed into the reactor at a flow rate of 3 L min-1 for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. The ozonolysis process provides the highest delignification selectivity value at pH 3. The derived value of fiber dimensions places the sweet sorghum biomass into fiber quality class II, potentially an alternative raw material in pulp production.
Keyword: delignification, lignocellulosic, ozonolysis, Sorghum bicolor

Judul: Pembuatan bioetanol dari bagas batang sorgum manis melalui proses delignifikasi oleh NaOH
Abstrak: Sweet sorghum bagasse rod including lignocellulosic materials containing lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose that can be used in the manufacture of ethanol. This study aims to stem the production of ethanol from sweet sorghum bagasse. Stages of research consists of preparation of sweet sorghum bagasse rod, pretreatment using NaOCl, delignification with NaOH, saccharification with xylanase and cellulase enzymes and fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The parameters in the analysis include the levels of lignin, cellulose and hemicellulose before and after delignification, reduction sugar and ethanol. The results showed that sweet sorghum bagasse rod can be used as raw material in the manufacture of bioethanol, because it is based on data obtained cellulose content before delignification at 23.45% while after delignification, cellulose optimum levels obtained with 8% NaOH concentration is 18.38%. Highest glucose levels obtained from the saccharification at a concentration of 1% cellulase and xylanase 1% at 177%. Highest levels of ethanol during fermentation by S. cerevisiae with a concentration of 2% inoculum were incubated for 6 days is 19.34 %
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, saccharification, fermentation, ethanol, delignification, cellulose, Bioethanol

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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