Judul: Bioconversion of Organic Waste into Bird Song Feed Using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larvae
Abstrak: Limbah organik merupakan limbah dengan fraksi terbesar yang mencapai 57,58% di Indonesia dan dapat diolah salah satunya dengan menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dalam proses biokonversi. BSF juga memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi (40-50%) sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif substitusi protein pada pakan burung kicau. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik hasil biokonversi limbah organik dengan larva BSF, memproduksi pakan burung kicau berbasis larva BSF hasil biokonversi, dan menganalisis mutu pakan serta pengaruhnya terhadap karakter kicauan burung jalak kebo (Acridotheres javanicus). Hasil biokonversi limbah organik dengan larva BSF mencapai persen reduksi hingga 80,0%, WRI (Waste Reduction Indeks) 5,7%, dan FMCR (Fresh Matter Consumption Rate) 49,5 mg/larva/hari. Larva BSF dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan tambah protein pada pakan burung kicau sebanyak 15% (P1) dan 20% (P2). Variasi pakan P1 dan P2 memenuhi SNI 8512:2018 kategori I. Kicau burung yang diberikan pakan P2 memiliki frekuensi maksimal hingga 11551 Hz, durasi hingga 0,271 detik, kekuatan suara hingga 54,8 dB dan amplitudo hingga 6,306 kU., Organic waste is the largest waste fraction up to 57,58% in Indonesian and can be treated by using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae in the bioconversion process. BSF also has a high protein content (40-50%) that can be used as an alternative to substitute the protein source of songbird feed. This research was conducted to analyze the characteristics of bioconversion result from organic waste with BSF larvae, to produce songbird feed based on bioconversion of BSF larvae, and to analyze the quality of feed and its effect on the characteristic of jalak kebo (Acridotheres javanicus) birdsong. The results of bioconversion of organic waste with BSF larvae reached a reduction percentage up to 80%, WRI (Waste Reduction Indeks) 5,7%, and FMCR (Fresh Matter Consumption Rate) 49,5 mg/larvae/day. BSF larvae can be used as additional component of protein in songbird feed as much as 15% (P1) and 20% (P2). Variation feed of P1 and P2 fulfilled for SNI 8512: 2018 in category I. Birdsong that have fed with P2 feed have a maximum frequency up to 11551 Hz, duration until 0,271 seconds, sound power up to 54,8, and amplitude up to 6,306 kU.
Keyword: Acridotheres javanicus, biokonversi, black soldier fly, limbah organik

Judul: Studi Komparasi Aspek Lingkungan Pengolahan Limbah Pangan untuk Pakan Unggas antara Biokonversi dan Penggunaan Langsung
Abstrak: Indonesia menghasilkan limbah pangan 300 kg per kapita setiap tahun. Upaya mereduksi limbah pangan dilakukan dengan metode biokonversi oleh larva black soldier fly (BSF) yang berpotensi dijadikan pakan unggas. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik biokonversi limbah pangan dengan larva BSF, memproduksi pakan ayam kampung, dan menganalisis perbandingan pertumbuhan ayam kampung yang diberi pakan limbah pangan dan pakan hasil biokonversi.. Hasil biokonversi diperoleh persen reduksi, waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter matter reduction (DMR), dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). Hasil biokonversi limbah pangan mencapai persen reduksi 86,9%, WRI 5,8%/hari, FMCR 64,5 mg/larva/hari, DMR 55,46% dan DMCR 36,5 mg/larva/hari. Produksi pakan menggunakan tepung larva BSF hasil biokonversi sebagai substitusi protein sebesar 38%. Pemberian pakan berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap pertumbuhan ayam kampung. Pertumbuhan ayam kampung dengan pakan hasil biokonversi lebih baik dibandingkan ayam kampung yang diberi pakan limbah pangan., Indonesia produces 300 kg of food waste per capita every year. Efforts to reduce food waste are carried out by the bioconversion method by black soldier fly (BSF) larvae which has the potential to be used as poultry feed. The research was conducted to analyze the characteristics of food waste bioconversion with BSF larvae, produce backyard chicken feed, and analyze the growth comparison of backyard chickens fed with food waste feed and bioconverted feed. Bioconversion results obtained percent reduction, waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter reduction (DMR), dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). The results of bioconversion of food waste reached a reduction percent of 86.9%, WRI 5.8%/day, FMCR 64.5 mg/larvae/day, DMR 55.46% and DMCR 36.5 mg/larvae/day Feed production using bioconverted BSF larval flour as a protein substitution of 38%. Feeding had a significant effect (p<0.05) on the growth of native chickens. The growth of native chickens with bioconverted feed was better than native chickens fed with food waste feed.
Keyword: Ayam kampung, biokonversi, black soldier fly, limbah pangan

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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