Judul: Identifikasi Faktor Penyebab Kebakaran Hutan dan Upaya Penanggulangannya di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Currently, the condition of Indonesian forest is quiet poor due to, among others, high annual deforestation rate which is not in compare with the acceleration of implementations on forest and land rehabilitation activities including re-greening, reforestation and reclamation activities conducted by many parties such as government, private sectors and communities. The condition is worsened by the occurrence of forest and land fires in many places which lead to significant decline of biodiversity. In Mount Ciremai National Park (MCNP), forest fire is the main cause of deforestation. The records of forest fire occurrence are very important in forest fire control, because it provides the origin and causes of forest fire. Without knowing the cause of forest fire accurately, forest fire control activities may not be implemented optimally. Therefore, identification on factors of forest fire causes shall be conducted in detail in order to effectively decrease the rate of forest fire. This research was conducted on July to August 2008 in Mount Ciremai National Park, West Java. The method implemented was qualitative approach that can be considered as triangle method covering intensive interview, field/direct observation, document tracking and secondary data analysis. The research results show that all forest fire occurred in Mount Ciremai National Park is caused by human factor, both directly and indirectly. On direct factors, forest fire is caused by land clearing using fire for agricultural purposes and fire ignited by irresponsible person. Indirect factors mainly due to social jealousy and human activities in the enclave. In addition, some other factors that influence the occurrence of forest fire in MCNP were also found, among others are fuel, topography, hydrology, weather, climate, time of occurrence, decision making process, lack of warning and forbidden boards, awareness of local communities and related private sectors.
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Judul: Health Condition of Ex-burnt Forest Area in Gunung Ciremai National Park, Kuningan, West Java
Abstrak: Kebakaran hutan dan lahan akan menimbulkan dampak buruk bagi ekosistem hutan. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dilakukan upaya pengendalian kebakaran hutan guna meminimalisir dampak buruk dari kebakaran hutan yang terjadi, yang salah satu diantaranya berupa penanganan pasca kebakaran dengan memantau areal pasca kebakaran dan melakukan analisis vegetasi bekas terbakar. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor penyebab kebakaran di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC), menganalisis kondisi kesehatan areal pasca kebakaran di TNGC dengan frekuensi terbakar yang berbeda, serta menganalisis kondisi kesehatan areal terbakar dan areal tidak terbakar di TNGC. Penilaian kondisi kesehatan hutan di TNGC pada penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) menggunakan empat indikator, yaitu produktivitas, biodiversitas, vitalitas (kondisi tajuk dan kondisi kerusakan pohon), dan kualitas tapak. Penilaian dilakukan pada dua lokasi dengan karakteristik yang berbeda, yaitu di Blok Pajaten dan Blok Gibug. Penentuan lokasi pembangunan klaster plot dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan beberapa kriteria antara lain memiliki frekuensi terbakar yang berbeda (0, 1, 3, dan lebih dari 5 kali terbakar) serta memiliki jenis vegetasi penutup lahan yang sama. Jumlah klaster plot yang dibangun yaitu empat klaster plot (16 plot) pada areal terbakar dan satu klaster plot (empat plot) di areal tidak terbakar. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua faktor yang menyebabkan kebakaran di TNGC, yaitu faktor alam dan faktor manusia. Faktor alam yang menjadi penyebab kebakaran di TNGC adalah letusan gunung berapi sedangkan faktor manusia yang menyebabkan kebakaran di TNGC yaitu pembersihan lahan dengan cara membakar dan pemanenan madu hutan. Kondisi kesehatan areal lebih dari 5 kali terbakar di Blok Pajaten lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kondisi kesehatan areal 1 kali terbakar, kecuali pada indikator vitalitas (kondisi kerusakan pohon) dan kualitas tapak yang menunjukkan bahwa areal lebih dari 5 kali terbakar memiliki kondisi yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan areal 1 kali terbakar. Areal tidak terbakar di Blok Gibug menunjukkan kondisi kesehatan yang lebih baik dibandingkan areal bekas terbakar, kecuali pada indikator kualitas tapak yang menunjukkan bahwa kondisi tanah di areal terbakar lebih netral (pH lebih tinggi) dengan Kapasitas Tukar Kation (KTK) yang tergolong sedang., Forest and land fires will have a negative impact on forest ecosystems. Therefore, it is necessary to control forest fires to minimize the adverse effects of that occurred forest fires, one of which is in the form of post-fire handling by monitoring the post-fire area and vegetation analysis after burning. This study aims to analyze factors that cause fires in Gunung Ciremai National Park (TNGC), analyze the health condition of the post-fire areas in TNGC with different burning frequencies, and analyze the health conditions of burned and unburned areas in TNGC. Assessment of forest health conditions in TNGC in the research was carried out using the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method by using four indicators, namely productivity, biodiversity, vitality (canopy conditions and tree damage conditions), and site quality. The assessment was carried out at two locations with different characteristics, namely the Pajaten Block and the Gibug Block. Determination of the location of the cluster plot establishment was carried out by purposive sampling with several criteria, including having different burning frequencies (0, 1, 3, and
Keyword: Forest Fire, Forest Health Monitoring, Gunung Ciremai National Park, Forest Health Indicators, Pemantauan Kesehatan Hutan, Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai, Kebakaran Hutan, Area bekas terbakar, Burnt areas

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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