Judul: Pengembangan hidden semi markov model dengan distribusi durasi state empiris untuk prediksi struktur sekunder protein
Abstrak: This research aimed to develop Hidden Semi Markov Model (HSMM) with longduration distribution of state empirically and theoretically to predict protein secondary structure. Data used in this study are subset data taken from database of secondary protein structure in DSSP program with three secondary protein structures of alpha-helix (H), betha-sheet (B), and coil (C). Accuracy of the predicted protein structure with HSMM is compared with Hidden Markov Model (HMM) standard. The results showed that the HSMM generally provides a prediction accuracy 72. 1% , 35.3% and 63,1% for H, B and C respectively. The accuracy of standard HMM is 98.4% for (B), 1% for (B) and 6.4% for (C). The use of empirical state duration distribution gives better accuracy on average compared a theoretical state duration distribution. Use of the empirical state duration distribution provides accuracy 71.2% for (H), 37.1% for (B) and 64.0% for (C). Use of theoretical state duration distribution provides accuracy 75% for (H), 30.2 % for (B) and 60.6% for (C). Less accuracy in betha-sheet prediction with HSMM was caused by high of the dispute between distribution in training data and testing data.
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Judul: Prediksi Struktur Sekunder Protein menggunakan Hidden Markov Model pada Imbalanced Data
Abstrak: This research aimed to predict protein secondary structure using Hidden Markov Model. A total of 780 data, will be conducted with 600 training data and 180 testing data. Training data obtained protein secondary structure 394052 with 152782 alpha-helix (H), 82355 betha-sheets (B) , and 158915 coil (C). Seen from a percentage of the result, the data retrieved is still imbalanced therefore used oversampling to increase the smallest class randomly until it equal to the largest class. The result of this research show that the Hidden Markov Model (HMM) can be applied to predict the secondary structure of proteins. The data has been oversampled produced Q3 score 45.49% for training data and 43.21% for testing data. For data that was not done oversampling produced Q3 score 43.50% for training data and 43.19% for testing data.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Viterbi, oversampling, imbalanced data, Hidden Markov Model (HMM)

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan