Judul: FADS gene cluster and FTO gene polymorphisms are associated with obesity and macronutrient intakes in selected Indonesian adults
Abstrak: Obesity prevalence is increasing worldwide, including in Indonesian adults. The fatty acid desaturase gene cluster (FADS1, FADS2, FADS3) and fat mass and obesityassociated (FTO) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1421085 have been reported to associate with obesity and macronutrient intake in different populations. This research aimed to investigate the association between obesity and single nucleotide polymorphisms in the FADS1, FADS2, FADS3, and FTO genes in the Indonesian adults. In addition, the study also aimed to investigate the interaction between macronutrient and SNPs in the FADS1, FADS2, FADS3, and FTO genes in influencing obesity in Indonesian adults. A total of 71 subjects (35 obese and 36 non-obese) living in Jakarta, Indonesia, were recruited. The FADS1 rs174547, FADS2 rs174575, and FTO rs1421085 SNPs were detected using amplification-refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (ARMS PCR). The FADS3 rs174450 SNP was detected using the DNA sequencing method. Genetic association of the FADS1 rs174547, FADS2 rs174575, FADS3 rs174450, and FTO rs1421085 SNPs with obesity and macronutrient intakes were evaluated using either linear regression or rank-based linear regression analyses depending on the data normality. Minor allele frequencies (MAF) of the FADS1 rs174547, FADS2 rs174575, FADS3 rs174450, and FTO rs1421085 SNPs were 0.32, 0.3, 0.46, and 0.22, respectively. Under the additive genetic model, the subjects who carried the minor T allele of rs174547 SNP were positively associated with increased protein intake (p = 0.009). The subjects with the minor allele of FADS3 rs174450 SNP tended to associate with total protein intake. The subjects who carried the minor C allele of FTO rs1421085 SNP were positively associated with 4.18% increase in fat intake (p = 0.001) and 1.96% increase in saturated fatty acid (SAFA) intake (p = 0.011) in the additive genetic model. The present study indicated that the FADS1 rs174547 SNP minor T allele is associated with the high intake of dietary protein, while the FTO rs1421085 SNP minor C allele was positively associated with high intake of dietary fat, in particular high intake of dietary saturated fatty acid in adults Jakarta, Indonesia. We hope that the findings of this study will provide basic knowledge of the interaction between gene and macronutrients on increasing the obesity risk, particularly in Indonesian adults.
Keyword: Obesity, Macronutrient intake, FTO and FADS gene cluster, polymorphisms, Indonesia.

Judul: Macronutrient Intake Level and Lifestyles on the Risk of Obesity in Five Provinces in Indonesia
Abstrak: Masalah obesitas semakin meningkat di berbagai negara di dunia, baik itu negara maju maupun berkembang. Obesitas adalah faktor risiko utama penyakit tidak menular seperti diabetes melitus dan penyakit kardiovaskular. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis sosiodemografi, pola konsumsi pangan, gaya hidup, tingkat asupan dan kecukupan energi dan makronutrien pada orang dewasa yang mengalami obesitas di lima provinsi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder RISKESDAS 2013 dan SKMI 2014 untuk kelompok umur 19-55 tahun di provinsi Sulawesi Utara, DKI Jakarta, Kalimantan Timur, Papua Barat, dan Sumatra Utara. Analisis bivariat digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan faktor-faktor obesitas (sosiodemografi, pola konsumsi, dan gaya hidup), analisis multivariat digunakan untuk menentukan nilai faktor risiko obesitas, dan analisis pemenuhan kecukupan energi dan makronutrien mengacu pada rekomendasi pemenuhan gizi sesuai angka kecukupan gizi orang dewasa. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor sosiodemografi (umur, jenis kelamin, tempat tinggal, pendidikan, dan pekerjaan), pola konsumsi (makanan/minuman manis, makanan berlemak, sayuran, dan buah-buahan), dan gaya hidup (aktivitas fisik) berhubungan nyata terhadap obesitas. Konsumsi buah-buahan dapat mengurangi risiko obesitas sebesar 0,957 kali. Konsumsi energi (1759,22 kkal/orang/hari), protein (77,82 g/orang/hari), dan lemak (52,49 g/orang/hari) pada orang dewasa obesitas lebih tinggi daripada orang dewasa normal (1690,14 kkal/orang/hari; 68,80 g/orang/hari; 45,34 g/orang/hari). Tingkat asupan protein dan lemak menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan antara orang dewasa obesitas dan normal dengan nilai p masing-masing 0,018 dan 0,002. Orang dewasa obesitas dan normal mengalami status gizi sangat kurang, kurang, cukup, dan berlebih. Tingkat kecukupan protein menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan signifikan antara orang dewasa obesitas dan normal dengan nilai p 0,015.
Keyword: asupan makronutrien, gaya hidup, obesitas, RISKESDAS, SKMI

Judul: Penyelesaian Masalah Pelabelan Graf vertex Magic pada Graf Cycle Sederhana
Abstrak: Graf vertex magic adalah suatu graf memiliki nilai bilangan magic yang sama pada masing-masing vertex yang berbeda. Graf cycle sederhana adalah suatu walk tertutup yang mengandung setidaknya tiga vertex, semua vertex-nya berbeda dan setiap vertex terhubungkan oleh satu edge.
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