Judul: Pola Citra Infrared Thermal Camera Suhu Permukaan Kuda
Abstrak: Infrared thermal camera merupakan metode alternatif dan non-invasif yang dapat digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi berbagai proses fisiologis dan patologis yang berkaitan dengan perubahan suhu permukaan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pola suhu permukaan tubuh berdasarkan regio yang diamati. Tiga kuda dipilih sebagai hewan coba. Pengambilan data citra termal selama lima hari dilakukan pada rentang waktu yang sama yaitu pukul 17.00 – 19.00 WIB. Pengambilan citra dilakukan pada tujuh regio yaitu: kepala, thorax, abdomen, dan keempat ekstremitas bawah. Hasil suhu permukaan kuda A selama lima hari yaitu kepala (33,42±0,32℃), thorax (33,49±0,19℃), abdomen (33,56±0,25 ℃), kaki kiri depan (31,30±0,25℃), kaki kanan depan (31,48±0,22℃), kaki kiri belakang (33,14±1,01℃), dan kaki kanan belakang (31,34±0,25 ℃). Kaki inflamasi ditandai suhu yang menurun seiring persembuhan. Obyek dengan suhu yang beragam pada kandang dapat menyebabkan noise pada citra.
Keyword: Infrared Thermal Camera, Suhu Permukaan, Inflamasi, Noise Warna

Judul: Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) Surface Temperature Pattern in Wildlife Park Ragunan Using Infrared Thermal Camera Image
Abstrak: Kamera termal inframerah merupakan alat untuk mengukur suhu permukaan dengan metode non-invasif, cepat, murah, dan efisien terutama untuk satwa liar. Kamera termal inframerah membantu mengidentifikasi proses fisiologis pada hewan melalui pengukuran suhu permukaan tubuh hewan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur nilai suhu permukaan normal jerapah pada berbagai regio tubuh menggunakan citra kamera termal inframerah serta menentukan regio yang paling dekat untuk memperkirakan suhu inti tubuh jerapah. Tiga jerapah digunakan sebagai hewan coba. Pengambilan data citra termal selama 5 hari dilakukan pada rentang waktu pagi hari pukul ±09:00 dan siang hari pukul ±12:00 WIB. Regio yang diukur meliputi regio mata, pipi, hidung, thorax, dan abdomen dengan nilai rata-rata suhu permukaan sesi pagi secara berurut yaitu 35,54ºC; 34,77ºC; 32,19ºC; 32,66ºC; 32,77ºC; dan sesi siang 36,39ºC; 34,61ºC; 34,49ºC; 35,00ºC; 34,47ºC. Suhu regio mata memiliki suhu paling tinggi diantara regio pipi, hidung, thorax, dan abdomen. Suhu permukaan dipengaruhi oleh suhu inti, suhu lingkungan, kelembapan, dan regulasi pembuluh darah. Regio terbaik untuk memperkirakan suhu inti tubuh adalah regio mata. Regio mata memiliki nilai paling dekat dengan suhu inti tubuh jerapah., Infrared thermal camera is a tool for measuring surface temperature with a non-invasive, fast, low-cost, and efficient method, especially for wildlife. Infrared thermal cameras help identify physiological processes in animals by measuring the surface temperature of the animal's body. This study aims to determine the normal surface temperature and the closest region to the core body temperature of giraffes using infrared thermal camera images. Three giraffes were used as experimental animals. Thermal image data retrieval for 5 days was carried out in the morning at ±09:00 and in the afternoon at ±12:00 WIB. The result showed that the average surface regions temperature of eye, cheek, nose, thorax, and abdomen in the morning session in five days were 35,54ºC; 34,77ºC; 32,19ºC; 32,66ºC; 32,77ºC; and in the afternoon session were 36,39ºC; 34,61ºC; 34,49ºC; 35,00ºC; 34,47ºC respectively. The temperature of the eye region has the highest temperature among the cheek, nose, thorax, and abdomen regions. Surface temperature is affected by core temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, and vascular regulation. The best region for estimating core body temperature is the eye region. The eye region has the closest value to the giraffe's core body temperature.
Keyword: jerapah, kamera termal inframerah, regio, suhu inti, suhu permukaan, core temperature, giraffe, infrared thermal camera, region, surface temperature

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory