Judul: Effectivity of Bajakah Kalalawit (Uncaria  gambir Roxb) Stem Decoct as Antidiarrhea on Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Diare merupakan salah satu masalah kesehatan pada manusia maupun hewan. Tanaman bajakah kalalawit sering digunakan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengatasi penyakit namun belum ada penelitian mengenai efektivitasnya sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efektivitas antidiare dari batang bajakah kalalawit dengan metode proteksi intestinal dan menentukan konsentrasi yang paling efektif. Mencit sebanyak 25 ekor dibagi menjadi lima kelompok perlakuan: kelompok kontrol negatif (tanpa terapi), kontrol positif (loperamide HCl), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan dekok batang bajakah kalalawit dengan konsentrasi 100%, 50%, dan 25%. Parameter yang diamati meliputi hasil fitokimia, dan pengujian pada mencit. Parameter pengujian pada mencit yaitu frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, onset diare, durasi diare, dan waktu persembuhan. Hasil skrining fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin pada batang bajakah kalalawit. Konsentrasi 100% memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan frekuensi defekasi dan efektif dalam menekan onset diare. Konsentrasi 50% hanya memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan frekuensi defekasi. Sedangkan konsentrasi 25% memiliki kemampuan dalam menurunkan frekuensi defekasi, memperbaiki konsistensi feses, mempersingkat durasi diare, dan mempercepat waktu persembuhan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, konsentrasi 25% merupakan konsentrasi yang paling efektif sebagai antidiare pada mencit., Diarrhea is a health problem in humans and animals. The bajakah kalalawit plant is often used as a traditional medicine to treat disease, but there has been no research on its effectiveness as an antidiarrhea. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal effectiveness of bajakah kalalawit stems using the intestinal protection method and determine the most effective concentration. Twenty-five mice were divided into five treatment groups: negative control group (no therapy), positive control (loperamide HCl), and three groups treated with bajakah kalalawit stem decoction with concentrations of 100%, 50%, and 25%. The parameters observed included phytochemical results and tests on mice. The test parameters in mice are defecation frequency, stool consistency, onset of diarrhea, duration of diarrhea, and recovery time. The results of the phytochemical screening showed that there were alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins and tannins in the bajakah kalalawit stems. The 100% concentration has the ability to reduce the frequency of defecation and is effective in suppressing the onset of diarrhea. The 50% concentration only has the ability to reduce defecation frequency. Meanwhile, the 25% concentration has the ability to reduce the frequency of defecation, improve stool consistency, shorten the duration of diarrhea, and speed up healing time. Based on these results, the 25% concentration is the most effective concentration as an antidiarrhea in mice.
Keyword: antidiare, proteksi intestinal, bajakah kalalawit, dekok

Judul: Effectiveness of Combined Leaf Decoction of Keji Beling (Strobilanthes crispa (L.) Blume) and Kentutan (Paederia foetida) Plants as Antidiarrheals in Mice
Abstrak: Diare masih menjadi masalah kesehatan utama di negara berkembang. Keanekaragaman hayati yang tinggi di Indonesia, menjadi peluang penggunaan herbal sebagai salah satu solusi pengobatan diare. Herbal memiliki banyak kandungan nutrisi, mineral, dan senyawa aktif yang memiliki efek antidiare seperti tumbuhan keji beling dan kentutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek dan konsentrasi terbaik antidiare dari kombinasi dekok daun keji beling dan kentutan. Kelompok perlakuan terdiri dari kelompok kontrol negatif, kelompok kontrol positif (loperamid) dan kombinasi dekok (konsentrasi 100%, 50%, 25%, dan 12,5%). Metode yang digunakan adalah proteksi dan transit intestinal pada mencit. Induksi diare menggunakan oleum ricini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi dekok kedua tanaman dapat menurunkan motilitas usus, mempertahankan konsistensi feses, dan memiliki nilai rasio transit intestinal yang baik. Konsentrasi 50% memiliki hasil terbaik., Diarrhea is still a major health problem in developing countries. The high biodiversity in Indonesia is an opportunity for the use of herbal plants as a solution for treating diarrhea. Herbal plants contain many nutrients, minerals, and active compounds that have anti-diarrheal effects, such as keji beling and kentutan plant. This study aims to determine the effect and the best concentration of antidiarrheals from the combination of leaf decoction of keji beling and kentutan. The group consisted of a negative control group, a positive control group (loperamide), and decoction combination (100%, 50%, 25%, and 12,5% concentrations). The method used is intestinal protection and transit in mice. Diarrhea is induced using oleum ricini. The results showed that the combination of decoction of the two plants could reduce intestinal motility, maintain stool consistency, and have a good intestinal transit ratio. The decoct concentration of 50% has the best results.
Keyword: diarrhea, keji beling, kentutan, intestinal protection, intestinal transit

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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