Judul: Aplikasi Mikrokapsul Sinbiotik dengan Dosis Berbeda Melalui Pakan pada Pemeliharaan Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio)
Abstrak: This study aimed to determine the administration of synbiotic microcapsulated doses by feed on survival rate, growth performance, and immune response of carp juvenile (Cyprinus carpio). The amount of the fish is 30 with an average weight is 4,81±0,07 g were reared in hapa net sized 100x100x100 cm3 for 30 days. This study was conducted in Compeletely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of 4 treatments and 3 replications, including administration of synbiotic microcapsulated in feed with different doses (0.5 %, 1 %, 2 %) and control. The observe parameters namely survival rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, eritrocyte total, leukocyte total, total bacteria in the intestine, and water quality. The result of this study showed that the administration of 1 % synbiotic microcapsulated had the best growth performance in carp juvenile.
Keyword: carp juvenile, microcapsule, synbiotic

Judul: Efektivitas suplementasi mikrokapsul sinbiotik dalam pakan pada respons imun dan kinerja pertumbuhan Lele (Clarias sp.) yang diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Ikan lele (Clarias sp.) adalah salah satu komoditas utama ikan budidaya di Indonesia. Salah satu permasalahan dalam produksi lele adalah infeksi penyakit MAS (Motile Aeromonads Septicemia) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi efektivitas aplikasi dosis mikrokapsul sinbiotik terhadap respons imun dan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan lele yang diinfeksi Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yang terdiri dari 4 perlakuan dengan 3 ulangan, yaitu K- (kontrol negatif), K+ (kontrol positif), P1 (suplementasi mikrokapsul sinbiotik 0,75%) dan P2 (suplementasi mikrokapsul sinbiotik 1,5%). Pemberian pakan perlakuan dilakukan selama 60 hari, selanjutnya dilakukan uji tantang dengan penyuntikan Aeromonas hydrophila dengan kepadatan bakteri 107 CFU/mL secara intramuskular dan ikan dipelihara selama 7 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemberian mikrokapsul sinbiotik memberikan pengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap hematologi, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, pertumbuhan dan konversi pakan dibandingkan kontrol. Dosis mikrokapsul sinbiotik 0,75% dan 1,5% menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan spesifik sebesar 3,6±0,02% dan 3,5±0,14%, konversi pakan sebesar 1,0±0,04 dan 1,1±0,02, tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebelum uji tantang sebesar 100±0,00% dan setelah uji tantang sebesar 56,67±3,33%. Hematologi ikan (kadar hemoglobin, hematokrit, total eritrosit, total leukosit, respiratory burst, dan aktivitas fagositik) lebih tinggi dibandingkan kontrol.
Keyword: catfish, microcapsulated synbiotic, immune response, growth

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite