Judul: Antibacterial activities assay of aqueous fraction of gambir leaves (Uncaria gambir Roxb) by microdilution and its components analysis.
Abstrak: The potency of gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb) leaves as a traditional medicine had known since long time ago. This is the reason for some researchers to evaluate the antibacterial activities of gambir leaves. The method that usually used for antibacterial assay is agar-diffusion which has some weakness, i.e. need more time and materials. Nowadays, microdilution become antibacterial assay method that has been developed in many countries. Microdilution gives a useful technique to determine MIC of some different samples, and require only a little number of the sample. This method also used for wide variety of microorganisms, not expensive, and gives a reproducible result. This research aimed to determine minimal inhibitory of aqueous fraction of Gambir leaves by microdilution method and identified its components by pyrolisis GC-MS. Gambir leaves extracted with methanol-water solution, and then being separated by using hexane and chloroform. Gambir leaves extraction produce three fractions, i.e. chloroform, hexane, and aqueous fraction which has yield 0.048 %, 0.031 % , and 3.033 % respectively. Fraction which is used for further analysis is aqueous fraction. The minimal inhibitory concentration of aqueous fraction of Gambir leaves toward E.coli and S.aureus growth is 0.05 mg/mL, whereas minimal bactericidal concentration was not observed within the concentration ranges of the fractions tested (0.01-40 mg/mL). Identification result by pyrolisis GC-MS showed that aqueous fraction of gambir leaves contain pyrocathecol which is composer fragment of catechin.
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Judul: Formulasi Obat Kumur Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb)
Abstrak: Gambier (UI/CClria gambir Roxb) is rubber essence which extracted from gambier leaves by pressure method (Amos et aI., 2004). Gambier with two main component that is catechin and catechutannic acid, have an astringent effect, antibacterial, pharmachological properties, and other toxics. That properties makes gambier often used medicine and pharmacy industry, leather tanning industry, and others. Though gambier have a lot of uselfulness, the exploration of gambier advantages still not optimal yet. Use gambier to be mouthwash preparation is one of the effort in exploration of gambier advantages, Gambier mouthwash will be able to replace the commercial mouthwash which contain alcohol and others syintetic chemicals, Mouthwash with an alcohol content of 25% or more have been implicated in mouth, tongue, and throat cancers about 50% (Brooking, 2000), The aim of this research is to get the best formulation of gambier mouthwash which can be inhibit to Streptococcus J17ulans growth and accepted by consumen by organoleptic test. Analysis which conducted at gambier mouthwash cover the examination of antibacterial activity, pH, viscosity, microbiology (total microbe) and organoleptic test which includes transparency, color, aroma (odor), taste and overall. Commercial herbal mouthwash was used as comparator. This research has resulted formulation of gambier mouthwash own the pH about 6.02-6.11, while pH of comparator is equal to 6.14, Viscosity of gambier mouthwash is about 1.85-1.93 cP, while the comparator having viscosity equal to 1.34 cr. Antibacterial activity has showed by diameter of zone of iIlhibilion is equal to 34.05-34.35 ml11, control ° 111m (none zone of inhibition), while the comparator equal to 28.55 mm. Formulation of gambier mouthwash and \.nmparator own the same total microbe, that is 0 co!ony/ml. Result of the manner analysis has showed that the variation of gambier concentration has not influence the antibacterial activity and pH value, but influence the viscosity of gambier mouthwash. Result of organoleptic test which includes transparency, color, taste and overall has indicate that gambier tnol1thwash which most accepted by the consumer is formulation of gambier mouthwash with the gambier concentration 0,2%.
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Judul: Pembangunan Perumahan Pada Wilayah Desakota Kaitannya Dengan Sistem Sosial Masyaraka t Asli
Abstrak: Faktor utama yang banyak mempengaruhi meningkatnya jumlah perumahan dan pemukiman pacta wilayah desakota adalah adanya tekanan populasi sebagai akibat dari migrasi besar-besaran menuju daerah desakota. Dengan kata lain, lokasi perumahan atau pemukiman menjadi tak memiliki banyak pilihan lagi, kota telah sesak dan sasaran selanjutnya para pengais materi di daerab kota adalab wilayah desakota. Masyarakat asli yang sejak lama tinggal di wilayah desakota merupakan bagian dari masyarakat desakota yang perlu diperhatikan. Baik disadari maupun tidak disadari, perubaban pada masyarakat asli desakota akan terjadi karena masyarakat selalu dalam keadaan dinamis. Selain itu perubahanjuga akan terjadi dikarenakan masyarakat adalah sistem yang terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang berhubungan serta berintegrasi secara fungsional, sehingga perubaban pada satu fungsi dari masyarakat akan mempengaruhi fungsi lainnya.
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