Judul: Analisis Dinamika Korupsi dan Transparansi dalam Model Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Neoklasik
Abstrak: Corruption is one of big issues being faced by many countries in the world. The objectives of this research are to analyze: the effect of corruption to growth economy factors, and the relationship between corruption and transparency in economic institutions using Ramsey and Cobb Douglas models. There are three main resources of corruption, namely tax, output and consumption. The tax sector is the most corrupted resources. Corruption causes high cost economy that increases discount rates and depreciation. Consequently levels of investments, accumulated public capital and output in the long run will be declined. As a convergent system, it has a negative relationship between the level of corruption as endogenous variable and the growth rate of output. The prediction of this model matches with the current empirical evidence on the relationship between the growth rate of output, corruption, public investment and fiscal transparency
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Judul: Pengaruh Komposisi Pengeluaran Pemerintah dan Tingkat Pajak terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dalam Model Neoklasik
Abstrak: Long-term economic growth is a reflection of economic prosperity of a country. Government manages the fiscal policy to increase economic growth. The main purpose of this scientific work is to study the effect of government spending composition and tax rate, which are parts of fiscal policy, towards economic growth in long-term equilibrium or steady state. In the neoclassical model, the economy of a country will reach the steady state if the capital per capita reaches a stable level, with the assumption, government can influence the private capital accumulation through the tax rate, and influences the public capital accumulation through the government spending composition. The simulation section of this paper shows the effect of tax rate and government spending composition towards economic growth are not monotonic. Moreover, tax rate and government spending composition can optimize the rate of economic growth.
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Judul: Penggunaan Gen Chromo Helicase DNA Binding (CHD) Sebagai Marker Penentu Jenis Kelamin pada Aves
Abstrak: Many avian spesies are difficult to distinguish between male and female based on their morphology. Male and female must be kept in the same cage for reproduction. DNA-based sex identification provides a solution. CHD genes are preserved within avian Z and W sex chromosomes. The aim of this research was to determine avians sex based on CHD gene using P2 and P8 primers. DNA was extracted from avians blood and feather. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with a single of primers P2 and P8 on a 2% agarose gel was used to decide the avian sex of chickens, quails, ducks, rock pigeons, common hill myna, yellow-crested cockatoos, and salmon-crested cockatoos. Sex identifification of avian spesies based on bands the Z and W, males had a single band (ZZ), and females had two (ZW) on a agarose gel. The CHD gene amplified by the P2 and P8 primers had the fragment size of 300-400 bp. P2 dan P8 primers had no success for sex identification in chickens, quails and ducks. However, the primers could be used to identify the sex of rock pigeons, common hill myna, yellow-crested cockatoos and salmon-crested cockatoos.
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