Judul: Strategi Perancangan Kebijakan Umum APBD Untuk Meningkatkan Kualitas Pembangunan Manusia di Kabupaten  Bogor
Abstrak: Main goal of many countries in the world is to give prosperity to their people through development. However some countries have been fighting for their goal for many years. Indonesia is one of some countries in the world with the situation mentioned above. According to UNDP (2005), Human Development Index (HDI) of Indonesia is 68,7 and is placed Indonesia in 110 among 117 countries in the world. The low HDI level of Indonesia is very disappointing. Since 1999 when the decentralization era in Indonesia has been declared, every local government has responsibility to increase HDI as well as central government. Main source of local government in this case is development budget or Anggaran Pendapatan Dan Belanja Daerah (APBD). The problem raised is how to manage APBD in order to fit the goal. This study was carried out to plan the strategies that produce programs which are suitable for optimizing HDI growth. This study was carried out in Bogor District and uses it as a case study. According to mathematical method (multiple regression), real public expenditure in APBD is significantly influenced HDI (Alfa = 0.05). HDI will increase 0.019 point if real public expenditure is increase Rp. 1 billion. During 1997-2006, proportion of real public and officer expenditure in Bogor’s APBD was unbalanced (i.e. 32.1 percent : 67.9 percent). This unbalanced proportion of APBD expenditure has caused non optimum of HDI growth. Shortfall reduction analysis of HDI also showed that HDI growth in Bogor was very low. Some strategic planning and programs have been chosen to improve HDI growth by using SWOT and AHP analysis. Best strategy for developing education sector in Bogor is S-T strategy. Alternative programs which match for this strategy are : free study cost for elementary and junior high school level, building and reconstruction of school facilities. Best strategy for developing health sector is S-T strategy. Alternative programs in charge are : free cost health service especially for the poor, building and reconstruction of health facilities. Best strategy for economic sector is also S-T strategy and the suitable programs are : investment aid of small scale business as well as training and motivating unskilled labor force.
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Judul: Strategi Penyelarasan Penyusunan APBD Dengan RPJMD Untuk Meningkatkan Pembangunan Sarana dan Prasarana di Kota Bekasi
Abstrak: Bekasi City is a part of PKN Jabodetabekpunjur region that has economic and population growth rate quite rapidly, so that the necessary support facilities and sufficient for the life of city residents and business growth. This is what became one of RPJMD mission, Bekasi 2008-2013. The Evaluation of APBD 2008 - 2010 document was conducted for program performances and policies in support of achieving its mission. The step of budget planning is the role strategic in managing local budgets, so the evaluation in this study represents an important effort to the budget process can result APBD documents that have bearing capacity of (relevant, efficient and effective) in achieving RPJMD target. The research was conducted through several methods: 1) Analysis of quality targets RPJMD program of Bekasi city from 2008 to 2013 by using the SMART criteria; 2) Analysis of the relevance, efficiency and effectiveness estimates programs and activities in APBD 2008-2010; 3) Identify some factors that influence the unconformity; 4) Formulating criteria and strategy alternatives with strategy weight assessment through AHP method; 5) Final formulation the alignment strategy through program planning and recommended activities. The result of this research has shown some disharmony in planning both activities and programs APBD 2008-2010 with target indicator RPJMD 2008- 2013, from 18 programs in the evaluation there are 11 programs significantly less value than the assessment standard. This deviation / disharmony covers: a) The quality of RPJMD objectives are undefined so SKPD difficult to apply it; b) Determination of irrelevant program activities in APBD, so it has low value of efficiency and effectiveness; c) Lack of designing program in RPJMD and APBD so it has no bearing capacity on attainment of policy and mission. Some factors has identified as main causes of disharmony are: 1) Technology and the system in Implementation of Planning Projects ; 2) Endorsement for Regional Planning Officers; 3) Leadership in accelerate the achievement of targets/objectives ; 4) Human Resources (Staff planners) in SKPD; 5) Organization Structure and SKPD Planning Team; 6) Planning and Budgeting preparation. The strategy of alignment APBD planning with RPJMD to improve facilities and infrastructure development in Bekasi city has formulated as follows: 1) Performance improvement TAPD; 2) Performance Improvement with ISO Planning; 3) Increasing Participation in Musrenbang; 4) Communication and Commitment to Achieving Target/Goals; 5) Apparatus Training and Application of functional Planner Position; 6) Implementing Incentive Regulation and disincentives; 7) Completion of the Draft Program . The strategy of program and activity above is recommended as input for the government of Bekasi city to arrange APBD in the future for its role of achieving mission, objectives, targets in formed by RPJMD of Bekasi city.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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