Judul: Behaviour of double shear connections strength wood beam with nails of steel side plates under uni-axial compression loading
Abstrak: Connection is the weakest point of the structural building. Structural construction building system must try to ensure that there is only a tensile force or just axial compression that is working on the connection. This research objective is to analysis the behaviour of the strength or the lateral design values (Z) double shear connections wood beam with nails of steel side plates under uni-axial compression loading of ten Indonesian wood species. The research results showed that average moisture content (MC) for the main member varies from 13.3 to 22.5% while average specific gravity (SG) from 0.27 to 0.76 and then wood density from 0.31 to 0.89 g/cm3. From this average value of MC, SG and wood density the lowest was sengon and the highest was rasamala wood. Average allowable load of compression parallel to grain (Fc//) and parallel tensile to grain (Ft//) was sengon, but the highest was bangkirai. There was a general tendency that Fc// and Ft// was linier to SG or ρ of those wood. Ft// was approximately 2 times greater than its Fc//. The number of nail (4-10 pieces) did not give effect of average Z value, but with the nail diameter 4.1 to 5.2 mm Z value increased significantly and this value decreased on 5.5 mm diameter nail. Average Z value were also increases with increasing of SG of wood for several displacement such as 0.38 mm displacement (American Standard), 0.80 mm (Australian Standard), 1.50 mm (Indonesian Standard) and 5.0 mm (breaking load), respectively. The increasing of Z happens because SG effect. At 5.0 mm displacement the increase of Z is not as sharp as 0.38 mm, 0.80 mm and 1.5 mm displacement. On the contrary wood species, amount and diameter size of nails didn’t effect to proportional limit of double shear connections. Power regression type was the best equation to predict Z of wood density for several diameters of nails.
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Judul: Design of Wood Connection Strength Using Double Shear Steel Side Plates with Bolt in Five Indonesian Wood Species
Abstrak: This study aims to analyze the effect of diameter and the number of bolts for double shear wood connection to lateral design value. Five Indonesian wood species namely sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria), nangka (Artocarpus sp), punak (Tetramerista glabra), kapur (Dryobalanops sp), and bangkirai (Shorea laevifolia) were analyzed their mechanical and physical properties before treatments. The sample (6 cm x12 cm x30 cm) was connected using double shear connection which use several diameter of bolts (6.4 mm, 7.9 mm and 9.4 mm) and number of bolts (4, 6, 8 and 10 bolts). The result showed that there is significant different of lateral design value in double shear connection by specific gravity of woods where the wood with high specific gravity have a high lateral design value. There is significant different of lateral design value in double shear wood connection by number of bolts where lateral design value of wood connection tended decreases. Emperical test to double shear wood connections showed that the Indonesian wood species have lateral design value for displacement 1.5 mm (Indonesian standard) and 5.0 mm higher than reference lateral design value of Indonesian wood species for sengon, but it’s lower for other species. Reference lateral design value of Indonesian wood is higher than references lateral design value of NDS 2005 for bolt 6.4 mm, but it’s lower for bolts 7.9 and 9.4 mm.
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Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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