Judul: Toksisitas Ekstrak Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) Berdasarkan Uji Letalitas Larva Udang
Abstrak: Physalis angulata known as ciplukan in Indonesia is widely used as herbal medicinal plant. Studies on this plant revealed its potency as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiasthma, but the toxicity is not reported yet. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of leaf extracts from ciplukan by using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Phytochemical test of crude ethanolic extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. Ethanol crude extract was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and gave 2 extracts, namely n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. BSLT results showed that all the extracts were toxic. n- Hexane extract was the most toxic extract with value of LC50 3 ppm, indicating its potency as anticancer.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Physalis angulata, ciplukan, brine shrimp lethality test

Judul: Analisis Karakter Morfologi, Anatomi, dan Struktur Sekretori Tanaman Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.).
Abstrak: Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.) merupakan tanaman herba yang tumbuh liar sebagai gulma di lading dan tersebar luas di daerah tropis dan sub tropis. Di berbagai negara tumbuhan ini dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keanekaragaman morfologi ciplukan di lingkungan tumbuh dengan iklim mikro yang relatif sama, mengetahui struktur anatomi tanaman dan struktur sekretori, serta kandungan senyawa yang terdapat di dalamnya. Pengamatan morfologi menggunakan tumbuhan liar yang tumbuh di lapang. Karakter yang diamati meliputi perawakan tumbuhan, daun, batang, bunga, dan buah. Analisis karakter morfologi menunjukkan variasi dari bentuk helai daun, bentuk tepi daun, diameter bunga, panjang tangkai bunga, panjang buah, diameter buah, dan panjang tangkai buah. Pengamatan struktur anatomi, sekretori, dan histokimia menggunakan tumbuhan yang ditanam di rumah kaca. Organ tumbuhan yang diamati meliputi daun, batang, dan akar. Analisis karakter anatomi menunjukkan kerapatan stomata pada sisi abaksial lebih besar dibandingkan sisi adaksial, namun ukurannya lebih besar pada sisi adaksial. Trikoma kelenjar yang terdiri atas satu sel basal, satu sel tangkai, dan empat sel kepala ditemukan pada helai daun dan batang ciplukan. Hasil uji histokimia mengungkap akumulasi dua senyawa metabolit sekunder yaitu alkaloid dan terpenoid pada trikoma kelenjar.
Keyword: alkaloid, histokimia, Physalis angulata, trikoma kelenjar

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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