Judul: Strategy of Stingless Bee-Friendly Home Garden (Pekarangan) Management to Improve Urban Landscape Services
Abstrak: Lanskap perkotaan dicirikan dengan pertumbuhannya yang pesat sehingga menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan antara kebutuhan manusia dengan konservasi lanskap. Konsep “Pekarangan Ramah Lebah Tanpa Sengat” dapat menjadi alternatif konservasi lanskap dan meningkatkan jasa lanskap seiring dengan perkembangan perkotaan, salah satunya di Kota Depok. Untuk itu diperlukan strategi manajemen pekarangan yang mendukung peningkatan jasa lanskap di Kota Depok. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis ketersediaan Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH) di Kota Depok, menganalisis karakteristik dan jasa lanskap di pekarangan, sampai dengan menyusun rekomendasi strategi manajemen pekarangan ramah lebah tanpa sengat dalam mendukung pengoptimalan jasa lanskap perkotaan di Kota Depok. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis spasial menggunakan Citra Landsat Kota Depok tahun 2021, survei lapang pada sampel pekarangan yang dipilih melalui metode purposive sampling, wawancara, kuesioner, dan studi literatur. Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan, berdasarkan kondisi iklim, cuaca, ekologi, dan pekarangan, Kota Depok berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai pekarangan ramah lebah tanpa sengat. Meskipun pekarangan Kota Depok didominasi berukuran sempit, kondisi tersebut apabila dilakukan manajemen yang tepat dapat mendukung aktivitas dan menyediakan sumber pakan lebah tanpa sengat sepanjang tahun. Strategi manajemen dalam mengembangkan pekarangan ramah lebah tanpa sengat di Kota Depok, yaitu meningkatkan jumlah RTH dan koneksi diantaranya, melakukan sosialisasi yang dimulai dari Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT), dan membuat model acuan pekarangan ramah lebah tanpa sengat yang ideal. Konsep ramah lebah tanpa sengat diwujudkan dengan tiga faktor utama, yaitu (1) ketersediaan tanaman sumber pakan; (2) ketersediaan tempat bersarang; serta (3) pengelolaan pekarangan yang tepat dan menciptakan habitat yang sehat bagi lebah tanpa sengat., Urban landscapes are characterized by rapid development, which causes an imbalance between human needs and landscape conservation. The concept of "Stingless Bee-Friendly Home Gardens", can be an alternative for landscape conservation in line with urban developments, such as in Depok City. For this reason, a strategy for home garden management is needed that supports the improvement of landscape services in Depok City. This study aims to analyze the availability of green open space in Depok City, analyze the characteristics and landscape services of the home garden, and formulate recommendations for strategies of stingless bee-friendly home garden management to support the optimization of urban landscape services in Depok City. The methods used include spatial analysis of Depok City in 2021 using Landsat imagery, field surveys on a sample of home garden selected through purposive sampling methods, interviews, questionnaires, and literature studies. The study's findings show that the climatic, weather, ecological, and home gardens conditions of Depok City have the potential to be developed as a stingless bee-friendly home garden. Although the home garden is dominated by a small size, this condition, if proper management is carried out can support activities and provide a source of stingless bee feed throughout the year. The management strategy for developing a stingless bee-friendly home garden in Depok City consists of increasing the number of green open spaces and connections between them, conducting socialization starting from the Women Farmers Community, and making a reference model for the ideal stingless bee-friendly home garden. The stingless bee-friendly home garden concept is realized by three main factors, namely (1) the availability of food source plants; (2) the availability
Keyword: Konsep ramah lebah tanpa sengat, Lanskap perkotaan, Manajemen pekarangan, Strategi, Peningkatan jasa lanskap

Judul: Manajemen Pekarangan Ramah Lebah Tanpa Sengat dalam Mendukung Lanskap Rendah Karbon di Kota Depok
Abstrak: Kota Depok merupakan salah satu kota di Indonesia dengan penduduknya yang berkembang pesat. Hal tersebut berdampak terhadap peningkatan infrastruktur dan volume kendaraan sehingga berpotensi lebih besar dalam menimbulkan pemanasan global. Salah satu upaya dalam mengurangi terjadinya pemanasan global yaitu dengan menambah Ruang Terbuka Hijau (RTH). Pekarangan menjadi salah satu solusi untuk mencapai luas minimum RTH Kota Depok. Pekarangan merupakan suatu area di sekitar rumah atau perumahan masyarakat sebagai area hijau untuk memberikan kesan sejuk di sekeliling pekarangan. Konsep “Pekarangan Ramah Lebah Tanpa Sengat” menjadi alternatif solusi yang dapat diterapkan pada pekarangan di lanskap Kota Depok. Tanaman di pekarangan ramah lebah tanpa sengat ditanam khusus untuk lebah-lebah dapat berproduksi dengan baik sekaligus sebagai penyerap karbon. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan karakteristik pekarangan, menganalisis data sosial dan ekonomi Kelompok Wanita Tani (KWT), dan menyusun rekomendasi manajemen pekarangan ramah lebah tanpa sengat dalam mendukung lanskap rendah karbon di Kota Depok. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan cara survei lapang pada pekarangan KWT Khodijah 06 sebagai sampel terpilih melalui metode purposive sampling, wawancara pemilik pekarangan sekaligus sebagai anggota KWT, pengisian kuesioner, serta studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsep ramah lebah tanpa sengat yang diterapkan pada pekarangan dapat meningkatkan beragam spesies tanaman, khususnya tanaman yang digunakan sebagai pakan lebah sehingga indeks keragaman tanamannya tinggi. Pekarangan dengan luas sempit dapat menggunakan beragam teknik dalam menanam contohnya teknik vertikultur yang diterapkan oleh anggota KWT agar keragaman tanaman di pekarangan tetap tercapai. Manajemen pengelolaan pekarangan ramah lebah tanpa sengat harus melibatkan anggota KWT dan pihak pemerintah daerah supaya pemeliharaan lebah tanpa sengat dapat menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan., Depok City is one of the cities in Indonesia with a rapidly growing population. This has an impact on increasing infrastructure and vehicle volume therefor it has a greater potential to cause global warming. One of the efforts to reduce global warming is by increasing Green Open Space (GOS). Pekarangan is one of the solutions to achieve the minimum area of green space in Depok City. Pekarangan is an area around a house or public housing as a green area to give a cool impression around pekarangan. The concept of "Stingless Bee Friendly Pekarangan" is an alternative solution that can be applied to pekarangan in the Depok City landscape. Plants in stingless bee-friendly pekarangan are planted specifically for bees to produce well as well a carbon sink. This study aims to map the characteristics of pekarangan, analyze the social and economic data of the Women Farmers Group (WFG), and develop recommendations for stingless bee-friendly pekarangan management in supporting low-carbon landscapes in Depok City. Data were collected by conducting a field survey on pekarangan of WFG Khodijah 06 as a selected sample through purposive sampling method, interviewing pekarangan owner as well as WFG members, filling out questionnaires, and literature study. The results showed that the stingless bee-friendly concept applied to pekarangan can increase the variety of plant species, especially plants used as bee food so that the plant diversity index is high. Pekarangan with a narrow area can use a variety of techniques in planting, for example verticulture techniques applied by WFG members so that plant
Keyword: Lanskap Rendah Karbon, Lebah Tanpa Sengat, Manajemen Lanskap, Pekarangan, Ruang Terbuka Hijau

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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