Judul: Membandingkan perbedaan pola kemitraan dalam pengembangan karet rakyat: suatu analisis ekonomi kelembagaan (studi kasus di Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan)
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan terhadap kasus kemitraan petani anggota koperasi unit desa “Gelora Tani” (KUDGT) di Desa Pangkalan Balai dengan PT. Remco yang berkedudukan di Palembang, kemitraan petani anggota asosiasi petani “Harapan Desa” (APHD) di desa Pulau Harapan dengan PT. Baja Baru di Palembang, dan petani tidak bermitra di desa Tanjung Menang. Ketiga desa termasuk wilayah Kecamatan Banyuasin III Kabupaten Musi Banyuasin, Sumatera Selatan. Data dikumpulkan pada bulan Maret hingga Mei 1996.
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Judul: Perbedaan status petani karet dan penyadap: studi kasus di kecamatan Sagaranten kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Tujuan penelit.ian ini ialall uui::.uK men t:::d...a.!lu.i. per- bedaan status sosial dan ekonomi petani karet dan penya­ dap. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Untuk maksud itu dipilih dua buah desa di Keca­ matan Sagaranten, yaitu Desa Sagaranten yang "terbuka" dan Desa Cidolog yang "terpencil". Dari kedua desa itu diambil 40 orang responden, terdiri dari 20 orang peta­ ni karet dan 20 orang penyadap. Pendidikan formal petani karet.dan penyadap paling tinggi SD kelas enam. Antara kedua status tersebut ti­ dak ada perbedaan nyata dalam lamanya mengikuti pendi­ dikan formal. Pendapatan yang diperoleh petani karet dari usahatani karet dan yang diperoleh penyadap dar:i!'(upah sadap tidak berbeda nyata. Pendapatan yang diperoleh petani karet dari luar usahatani karet dan yang diperoleh penyadap dari luar usaha berburuh sadap berbeda nyata. Pendapat­ an total berbeda nyata di desa Sagaranten dan Kecamatan Sagaranten.
Keyword: Farmers;, Economic sosiology;, Farm income;, Bogor Agricultural University;

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity