Judul: Identifikasi DNA pada Barang Bukti Kasus Pembunuhan untuk Keperluan Forensik
Abstrak: Kasus kejahatan terutama pembunuhan kerap terjadi di berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Hal ini membuat ilmu forensik semakin berkembang sebagai bukti ilmiah yang menerapkan ilmu sains dengan melakukan identifikasi DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi DNA pada barang bukti kasus pembunuhan untuk keperluan forensik. Identifikasi DNA menggunakan metode Short Tandem Repeat (STR) atau mikrosatelit dengan 21 marka STR, satu marka penentu jenis kelamin, satu marka Y STR, dan satu marka Y indel. Barang bukti yang di identifikasi diambil dari dua kasus pembunuhan yang berbeda (18098 dan 18101) dengan total tujuh barang bukti dan dua materi biologis tersangka. Konsentrasi DNA terbesar pada sampel buccal swab tersangka 2,78%.Profil DNA yang dihasilkan dari materi biologis pada barang bukti kemudian dicocokkan dengan profil DNA korban dan tersangka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan profil DNA pada barang bukti identik dengan profil DNA korban dan tersangka. Keakuratan kecocokan profil DNA dilihat dari banyaknya kesamaan profil pada 24 marka STR dengan presentase 99,9959696216967% pada kasus 18098 dan 99,99999999999999999% pada kasus 18101. Pada sampel barang bukti kasus 18098 (bercak darah pada botol sabun mandi cair dan mata pisau)dan kasus 18101 (baju korban, tali merah dan tali hitam) ditemukan adanya mixture DNA yang berarti sampel tersebut menghasilkan profil DNA lebih dari satu individu. Terdeteksinya profil DNA bergantung pada cara penyimpanan dan lama penyimpanan barang bukti. Kondisi barang bukti sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan, kontaminasi dan proses pembusukan.
Keyword: barang bukti, pembunuhan, profil DNA, STR

Judul: Comparative Study of DNA Identification on Two Different Sexual Assault Cases
Abstrak: Sexual assault or rape is one of many criminal cases that still occur daily in alarming numbers. Regarding in resolving many of these rape cases, forensic DNA testing has a major role in exonerating or convicting an individual deemed as suspect. Current DNA testing provides the DNA profile of evidence and reference through STR markers-based and lineage markers of Y chromosome and mitochondrial DNA approach. STR can distinguish an individual from another individual. There are two sets of STR markers complying with the standards requested by criminal databases around the world. These STR markers are mainly incorporated into commercial kits such as GlobalFiler™ Kit. This study aims to compare the processes and results of forensic DNA identification on two different rape cases. All samples were examined and extracted by chelex extraction method. The DNA extracted from these samples was quantified then amplified in 24 markers with GlobalFiler™ Kit and followed by capillary electrophoresis. Lastly, the DNA profile was compared and matched. Different samples from both cases yield a different amount of DNA concentrations with a very low level of male DNA concentrations in the vaginal swab. Therefore, it failed to produce any DNA profile. Full DNA profile on 24 markers of some samples was successfully obtained and compared, with one sample obtained a partial DNA profile. Two samples of each case are found to be biologically related because of the similarity in half of their DNA profile. One of the cases regarded as inconclusive because of the absence of the perpetrator’s DNA profile in the evidence. Thus, making it impossible to compare.
Keyword: DNA profile, DNA testing, GlobalFiler™ Kit, Sexual assault, Sexual assault, STR markers

Judul: Analysis of Unequal Income Distribution with Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Abstrak: This paper studies the economic growth model by Moav (2002). Moav model shows the existence of unequal income distribution between low-income with high-income community. That kind of unequal income distribution is caused by uneven distribution of income. On this Moav model, there is one area called the threshold. Threshold becomes a benchmark to determining whether a society is categorized into low- or high- income community. The production function used in this paper is the Cobb-Douglas function. The dynamics of this model is described as difference equation of low-income, threshold, and high-income community. Simulation study on the model is carried out using Maple 13 and Mathematica 7.0 software. Overall, from the observed case, high-income community will reach a stable condition earlier, followed by the threshold, and then the low-income community.
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