Judul: Bakteri penghambat vibrio harveyi untuk menanggulangi penyakit berpendar pada larva Udang Windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.)
Abstrak: Vibrio harveyi merupakan bakteri penyebab penyakit yang paling serius pada udang windu stadia larva dan post larva. Bakteri ini pada kondisi yang sesuai dapat berpendar sehingga larva udang windu yang terserang terlihat bercahaya. Berbagai antibiotik yang digunakan untuk menanggulangi penyakit ini ternyata kurang efektif bahkan mengakibatkan resistensi bakteri tersebut terhadap obat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mencari bakteri yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan atau berkompetisi dengan Vibrio harveyi penyebab penyakit berpendar. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari awal bulan Desember 1992 sampai pertengahan bulan September 1993, di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Biokimia, PAU-Bioteknologi, IPB dan di tempat pembenihan udang windu di Besuki, Jawa Timur. Bakteri uji yang menghambat V. harveyi, diisolasi dari air laut pantai dan air laut di tempat pembenihan udang di daerah Kalianget, Besuki. Vibrio harveyi dii- solasi dari larva udang windu yang terserang penyakit berpendar. Bakteri-bakteri yang berhasil diisolasi kemu- dian diuji resistensinya terhadap antibiotik tetrasik- : iin, rifampisin, eritromisin, kanamisin, streptomisin, spektinomisin, ampisilin, kloramfenikol, dan amoksisilin…dst
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Judul: Isolasi dan seleksi bakteri Vibrio sp. sebagai biokontrol untuk penyakit kunang-kunang pada larva udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.)
Abstrak: Bakteri Vibrio harveyi sebagai penyebab penyakit kunang-kunang pada larva udang windu telah resisten terhadap berbagai macam antibiotika sehingga penanggulangan terhadap penyakit tersebut menggunakan antibiotika tidak dapat dilakukan. Beberapa isolat Vibrio yang ditemukan tidak bersifat patogen penting untuk dipelajari sebagai biokontrol untuk alternatif penanggulangan penyakit tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendapatkan isolat Vibrio yang mampu berperan sebagai biokontrol untuk menekan atau menghambat pertumbuhan harveyi sebagai penyebab penyakit kunang-kunang pada larva udang windu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-Agustus 2001 bertempat di Laboratorium Kesehatan Ikan dan Laboratorium Sistem dan Teknologi Budidaya. Jurusan Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan IPB. Metode penelitian yang dilakukan meliputi isolasi Vibrio kandidat biokontrol. pengujian sizat resistensi terhadap antibiotik rifampisin, pembuatan mutan V. harveyi resisten rifampisin, pengujian in vitro Vibrio kandidat biokontrol dan uji tantang pada larva udang. Parameter utama yang diamati yaitu penghambatan Vibrio sp. kandidat biokontrol terhadap V. harveyi B339 Rf pada uji in vitro, tingkat kelangsungan hidup larva udang, populasi V. harveyi B339 Rf dan Vibrio total pada larva udang yang mati maupun air media pemeliharaan serta kualitas air pada uji tantang. Jumlah isolat Vibrio kandidat biokontro! yang berhasil diisolasi ada 31 isolat. Hampir semua isolat uji sensitif terhadap antibiotik rifampisin sehingga pemberian penanda resistensi rifampisin pada V. harveyi dapat digunakan untuk membedakan Vibrio sp. yang secara alami ada pada larva udang. Sebanyak 60 sel mutan 1. harveyi B339 Rf yang diperoleh mempunyai morfologi koloni dan pendaran yang sama seperti tipe liarnya sehingga dapat digunakan untuk uji selanjutnya.
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Judul: The construction of a rule to combine sentence graphs
Abstrak: Nowadays, people prefer to read an electronic article or text and it requires a short time to understand the content or substance of the text. This is due to time constraints and other activities are more important than reading. However, reading remains an important thing to do. This can be solved by making a summary of the text. Summary text is done by using the Knowledge Graph and carried through two stages, namely representation and simplification or simplification results representation. Representation of a text is carried out in stages because the text has several elements, ie words, phrases, clauses, sentences, and paragraphs. Representation of text elements that have been researched are words, phrases, and clauses. The representation can be used to generate a representation of the sentence. Representation of sentences requires a rule so that everyone produces the same representation. Therefore, the authors conducts a study on a representation of the meaning of the sentence. This research aims are to create a rule to construct a sentence graph and a rule to combine sentence graphs. The benefit of this research is to provide the rules for constructing a sentence graph thus eliminating the ambiguity of the sentence. Knowledge Graph method is a way to describe or represent of human language that is more centered on the semantic aspects of the syntactic aspect. The Knowledge Graph consists of two components, namely concept and relationship. Concept consists of three elements, namely token, type, and name. Token is a concept that is understood by a person according to their perspectives; this affects token to be subjective. Type is a concept that has been agreed and it is considered as general information so that affect type to be objective. Name is an individualized concept and unique. Relationship consists of several types of relations, namely ALI, CAU, SUB, DIS, ORD, PAR, EQU, and SKO. ALI relation is used to connecting the token with the type. CAU relation is used to connecting the two concepts that have a causal relationship. SUB relation expresses a concept as a part of another concept. DIS relation is used to presenting two concepts are not the same. ORD relation is stated that two things have a certain order to each other. PAR relation is stated that a thing is an attributes (properties) of the other things. EQU relation is used to connecting the two equal or similar concept. SKO relation expresses dependency relationship between two concepts. This study uses a sentence that has a type based on the basic structure of the sentence, which is the structure of subject-predicate sentence, the structure of subject-predicate-object sentence, the structure of subject-predicate-adverb sentence, the structure of subject-predicate-complement sentence, the structure of subject-predicate-object-adverb sentence, and the structure of subject-predicate-object-complement sentence. Chronology of the research is as follows, (1) studying literature which is about the types of sentences, the Knowledge Graph methods, the application of the Knowledge graph methods, and the standard procedures for Indonesian language. (2) creating rules to construct a sentence graph, with the following steps, (2a) construct a sentence graph, (2b) test rules to
Keyword: a rule to combine sentence graphs, a rule to construct a sentence graph, Knowledge Graph, Sentence Graph