Judul: Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Molecular Bonding by The Active Compound of Senggani (Melastoma malabathricum L.) as a Therapy of Erectile Dysfunction
Abstrak: Disfungsi ereksi disebabkan oleh aktivitas fosfodiesterase tipe 5 (PDE5) yang tinggi sehingga degradasi cGMP menurun dan berakibat otot polos penis mengalami relaksasi secara terus menerus sehingga penis tidak mengalami ereksi. PDE5 perlu diinhibisi dalam mendegradasi cGMP sehingga kadar cGMP meningkat dan menyebabkan kontraksi otot polos lebih lama sehingga penis dapat berereksi. Senggani dilaporkan memiliki sifat sebagai senyawa afrodisiak, namun belum diketahui interaksi dan pengaruh senyawa bioaktif terhadap enzim PDE5. Oleh karena itu, Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji senyawa bioaktif senggani terhadap enzim fosfodiesterase 5 (PDE5) untuk menangani disfungsi ereksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa software, yaitu PyRx, Discovery Studio Visualizer, AutoDock Tools, AutoDock Vina, dan Ligplot+ 1.5.4. Reseptor yang ialah PDE5 dengan kode PDB: 2H42 dan ligan pembanding sildenafil. Reseptor tersebut digunakan dalam penapisan virtual terhadap 41 senyawa aktif senggani, senyawa hasil seleksi dilanjutkan dengan analisis absorpsi, toksisitas, dan bioavaibilitas. Hasil penambatan molekuler dianalisis melalui parameter energi afinitas (ΔG) dan nilai konstanta inhibisi. Auranamaide dan α-amyrin memiliki potensi terbaik dalam menghambat aktivitas enzim PDE5 dengan nilai ΔG masing-masing sebesar -10,3 dan -10,9 kkal/mol serta nilai konstanta inhibisi sebesar 0.2775 μM dan 0.1010 μM. Simpulannya auranamaide dan α-amyrin memiliki potensi inhibisi enzim PDE5 dalam terapi pengobatan disfungsi ereksi.
Keyword: Erectile dysfunction, molecular docking, phosphodiesterase 5, senggani

Judul: Studi In Silico Pengaruh Senyawa Afrodisiak Cabai Jawa  (Piper retrofractum Vahl) Terhadap Peningkatan Libido  Sapi Jantan
Abstrak: Cabai jawa telah lama dikenal sebagai afrodisiak, namun mekanisme kerjanya belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui interaksi senyawa aktif cabai jawa dengan fosfodiesterase tipe 5 (PDE5) (ID: 1UDT) dan menentukan senyawa yang memiliki potensi afrodisiak sebagai inhibitor PDE5 melalui pendekatan in silico. PDE5 sebagai reseptor dan ligan-ligan uji dipreparasi menggunakan software Discovery Studio dan AutoDock Vina. Lima ligan uji guineensine, piperin, piperlongumin, β-sitosterol, dan filfilin dibandingkan dengan sildenafil sitrat setelah diuji stabilitas dan toksisitas ligan. Pemilihan kelima ligan didasari kemiripan struktur ligan dengan hormon steroid. Hasil analisis penambatan molekuler menunjukkan ligan uji yaitu β-sitosterol memiliki nilai ΔG lebih kecil dibandingkan sildenafil sitrat sebesar -10 kkal/mol serta β-sitosterol dan piperin memiliki aktivitas penambatan terbaik dengan %BSS sebesar 63,6% berdasaran analisis visualisasi 2D dan 3D. β-sitosterol dan piperin berpotensi sebagai afrodisiak dengan bekerja sebagai inhibitor PDE5., Java long pepper (Piper retrofractum Vahl) has known for many years as aphrodisiac in traditional medicine, however the molecular mechanism of this action is not very clear. This study is focused to figure out the interactions between active compounds of long pepper and phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) (ID: 1UDT) and which compounds have aphrodisiac potential as PDE5 inhibitor in silico. PDE5 as receptor and tested ligands were prepared using Discovery Studio and AutoDock Vina. Five tested ligands including guineensine piperine, piperlongumine, β-sitosterol, and filfiline was compared to sildenafil citrate after stability and toxicity test. The five ligand was elected by the structure similarity to steroid hormones. The result of molecular docking showed tested ligands β sitosterol with smaller value of ΔG (-10 kcal/mol) than sildenafil citrate. Piperine and β-sitosterol had best docking activity with %BSS value of 63,6%. β-sitosterol and piperine has potential as aphrodisiac by acting as PDE5 inhibitor.
Keyword: afrodisiak, cabai jawa, in silico, PDE5, sapi jantan

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite