Judul: Efektivitas Penggunaan Probiotik Padat dan Cair untuk Menurunkan Kadar Amonia (NH3) dan Hidrogen Sulfida (H2S) Feses Sapi Potong
Abstrak: Livestock production system could result in various environmental problems which should be reduced. Faeces of beef cattle contain several odor producing compounds (ammonia, NH3, and hydrogen sulfide, H2S) that may have negative effect on animal production. Probiotic supplementation (solid and liquid probiotic) is one alternative for reducing nitrogen excretion and other noxious gas. The aim of this study was to asses the effectivity of solid and liquid probiotic supplementation for reducing fecal NH3 and H2S concentrations in beef cattle. Eighteen local beef cattle (average initial body weight, BW, 448.8±7.16 kg) were allocated into three dietary treatments in a randomized block design (six cattles per treatments). Dietary treatments included: P1 as conrol (forage+concentrate+rice bran); P2 (P1+solid probiotic 0.25% w/w); and P3 (P1+liquid probiotic 0.1% v/w). Results showed that probiotic addition decreased significantly faecal NH3 concentration (P<0.05), but had no effect on H2S concentration. Suplementation with solid probiotic was more effective for decreasing fecal NH3 concentration than liquid probiotic supplementation.
Keyword: 

Judul: Efektifitas Pemberian Probiotik Padat pada Taraf yang Berbeda terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan in vitro Ransum Sapi Potong
Abstrak: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various levels of solid probioticsupplementation in beef cattle rations on VFA and NH3 concentrations, rumen microbial populations and nutrient digestibility. Fermentability experiment used factorial randomized block design 3x4 with 4 replications. Factor A was beef cattle ration without and with solid probiotic supplement: A1 = control diet, A2 = A1 + solid probiotic 0.25% w.w-1 and A3 = A1 + solid probiotic 0.5% w.w-1. Factor B was the incubation time: 0,1,2 and 3 hours. Digestibility trial used a randomized block design with three probiotic treatments (A1, A2 and A3) and four replications. The results showed that concentration of ammonia, total VFA, microbial protein sythesis and DM digestibility were not influenced by probiotic supplementation and incubation time, these treatment affected significantly total bacterial population. Protozoal population and OM digestibility was influented by solid probiotics supplementation. Polynomial orthogonal test indicated that A3 is the optimal treatment.
Keyword: solid probiotic, digestibility, fermentability

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology