Judul: Pest Quarantine Interception as a Basis of Plant Quarantine Early Warning System.
Abstrak: Interception is detection activity of quarantine pests during inspection or testing of imported consignment. The aim of interception is to identify quarantine pest which camed out by consignment. Interception is very important for the plant quarantine because. It can prevent distribution of quarantine pests in Indonesia. This research is aimed to study the system of pest interception in plant quarantine including the mechanism, human resources, existing facilities, infrastructures, and information management of the interception results. The data was collected from BBKP Soekamo-Hatta, Jakarta; BBKP Tanjung Priok, Jakarta; BBKP Belawan, Medan; BBKP Batam; BBKP Surabaya, and BKP Oenpasar. The methods were used this study were field observation for BBKP Soekarno-Hatta and BBKP Tanjung Priok as well as using questioner and interview for all stations (BPKP/BPK). The result of the study shows that there was no standardized of Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) for interception mechanism, sample treatment, and information distribution for early warning system. It is suggested that there should be one standardized SOP for the interception mechanism and early warning system to distribute the interception results to other quarantine stations. Based on volume and frequency of inspections, there were insufficient numbers of officers. It is suggested that increasing number of human resources with appropriate educational background are required. Most frequently intercepted quarantine pests in Tanjung Priok Plant Quarantine Station were fungi and weeds; and fungi and nematode in SoekarnoHatta Plant Quarantine Station. Quarantine pests category A 1 which intercepted during 2006 and 2007 at Plant Quarantine Stations of Tanjung Prick and Soekarno-Hatta were Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae, Clavibacter michiganensis sub sp. michiganensis, Turnip Mosaic Virus (TuMV), Tobacco Streak Virus (TSV), Rice Stripe Tenuivirus (RSV). Strawberry latent Ring Spot Nepovirus (SlRSV) and Helminthosporium soIani.
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Judul: Management of plant pests in the Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Pekanbaru, Riau
Abstrak: Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan yang terbawa media pembawa dapat menimbulkan masalah di wilayah baru jika tidak dikelola dengan baik. Berdasarkan Undang Undang nomor 21 tahun 2019, pemerintah RI melalui Badan Karantina Pertanian berwenang melakukan tindakan karantina untuk mencegah masuknya OPT baru ke wilayah Indonesia. Tindakan karantina meliputi pemeriksaan, pengasingan, pengamatan, perlakuan, penahanan, penolakan, pemusnahan dan pembebasan (8 P). Tujuan khusus dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari secara langsung manajemen tindakan karantina di Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Pekanbaru, Riau. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan melakukan praktik langsung pada setiap kegiatan tindakan karantina, dan diskusi maupun wawancara dengan petugas karantina pertanian yang bertugas. Data tindakan karantina terkait kegiatan impor, ekspor, antar wilayah, pengujian sampel, penahanan, penolakan dan pemusnahan diperoleh dari tahun 2017 hingga 2021. Jenis komoditas ekspor melalui Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Pekanbaru ada 76 komoditas dengan kisaran volume 900.000 hingga 3.000.000 ton/tahun. Jenis komoditas impor ada 34 komoditas dengan kisaran volume 70.000 hingga 130.000 ton/tahun. Komoditas antar wilayah ada 47 komoditas dengan kisaran volume 1000 hingga 12.000 ton/tahun. Selama kurun waktu 2017 hingga 2021 ada 3 tindakan karantina, yaitu penahanan, penolakan, dan pemusnahan., Plant pests carried by carrier media can cause problems in new areas if not managed properly. Based on law number 21 of 2019, the Indonesian government through the agricultural quarantine agency has the authority to take quarantine measures to prevent the entry of new pests into Indonesian territory. Quarantine measures include inspection, exile, observation, treatment, detention, rejection, destruction and release (8 P). The specific purpose of this research is a direct action management at Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Pekanbaru, Riau. Activities were carried out by conducting the direct practice in each quarantine action activity and discussions and interviews with agricultural quarantine officers on duty. Quarantine action data related to import, export, domestic, sample testing, detention, rejection and destruction were obtained from 2017 to 2021. Types of export commodities through the Balai Karantina Pertanian Kelas I Pekanbaru were 76 commodities with a volume range of 900.000 to 3.000.000 tons/year. There were 34 imported commodities with a volume range of 70.000 to 130.000 tons/year. There were 47 commodities transported between regions with a volume range of 1000 to 12.000 tons/year. During 2017 to 2021, there were 3 quarantine measures, namely detention, rejection, and destruction.
Keyword: export, import, quarantine actions

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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