Judul: Microbiological and Organoleptic Properties of Yogurt Based on Lactose-Free Milk
Abstrak: Beberapa orang tidak dapat mengonsumsi susu karena mengalami intoleransi laktosa. Dalam menanggulangi masalah tersebut, industri susu memanfaatkan enzim laktase (ß-galaktosidase) untuk memproduksi susu bebas laktosa. Susu bebas laktosa dapat diolah menjadi berbagai olahan produk, salah satunya yaitu yoghurt. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sifat mikrobiologi dan organoleptik yoghurt dengan bahan dasar susu bebas laktosa. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah uji t dengan perlakuan bahan dasar yoghurt yang berbeda yaitu susu bebas laktosa dan susu biasa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa yoghurt bebas laktosa tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap total bakteri asam laktat dan nilai pH. Hasil pengujian hedonik dan mutu hedonik berpengaruh nyata pada parameter warna, sedangkan pada parameter aroma, rasa, dan kekentalan tidak berpengaruh nyata. Hasil p, Some people cannot consume milk because they are lactose intolerance. To overcome this problem, the dairy industry uses the enzyme lactase (ß-galactosidase) to produce lactose-free milk. Lactose-free milk can be processed into various products, one of which is yogurt. This study aimed to analyze the microbiological and organoleptic properties of yogurt based on lactose-free milk. The design used in this study was a t-test with different of yogurt base ingredients, namely lactosefree milk and regular milk. The results showed that lactose-free yoghurt had no significant effect (P>0.05) on total lactic acid bacteria and pH value. The results of hedonic testing and hedonic quality had a significant effect on the color parameters, while the aroma, taste and viscosity parameters had no significant effect. The results of this study showed that yoghurt can be made from lactose-free milk.
Keyword: Yoghurt, lactose, Lactose Intolerance, Lactose-Free

Judul: Physical Properties, Organoleptic, and Total Lactic Acid Bacteria of Yogurt with the Addition of Ambon Banana Fruit Puree (Musa paradisiaca L.)
Abstrak: Yoghurt merupakan hasil olahan susu dari fermentasi bakteri asam laktat (BAL) yaitu Streptococcus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Buah pisang ambon memiliki rasa yang manis dan kandungan gizi yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sifat fisik (nilai pH, viskositas, dan total asam tertitrasi), organoleptik (intensitas kecerahan, cita rasa, kekentalan, serta aroma), dan total bakteri asam laktat pada yoghurt dengan penambahan pure buah pisang ambon. Persentase puree buah pisang ambon yang ditambahkan ke yoghurt yaitu 0%, 5%, dan 10%. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan buah pisang ambon pada yoghurt berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap nilai viskositas dan uji mutu hedonik pada sifat organoleptik yoghurt, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap nilai pH, total asam tertitrasi (TAT), uji hedonik parameter aroma pada sifat organoleptik yoghurt dan total BAL. Persentase terbaik ditemukan pada perlakuan penambahan buah pisang ambon sebanyak 10%., Yogurt is a dairy product from the fermentation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), namely Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus. Ambon banana fruit has a sweet taste and high nutritional content. This study aims to analyze the physical properties (pH value, viscosity, and total titratable acid), organoleptic (intensity of brightness, taste, viscosity, and aroma), and total lactic acid bacteria in yogurt with the addition of ambon banana fruit puree. The percentage of banana puree added to yogurt was 0%, 5%, and 10%. The design used in this study was a complete randomized design (RAL) with three replications. The results showed that the addition of ambon banana fruit to yogurt had a significant effect (P<0,05) on the viscosity value and hedonic quality test on the organoleptic properties of yogurt, but no significant effect (P>0,05) on pH value, total titratable acid (TAT), hedonic test of aroma parameters on the organoleptic properties of yogurt and total LAB. The best percentage was found in treatment of adding 10% ambon banana fruit.
Keyword: lactic acid bacteria, yogurt, ambon banana fruit puree, organoleptic, physical properties

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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