Judul: Pengaruh pemberian kombinasi antibiotika cloxacillin, ampicilin terhadap bakteria patogen dan jumlah sel somatik susu sapi penderita Mastitis sublinis (MSK)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Prosentasi kejadian MSK pada sapi perah, identifikasi bakteria penyebab dan untuk melihat pengaruh pengobatan MSK dengan antibiotik Cloxacillin-Ampicillin. Hewan yang diteliti adalah sapi perah Frisien Holstein yang sedang laktasi, berjumlah 129 ekor di Kecamatan Lembang: Kabupaten Bandung. terhadap MSK berdasarkan kepada perhitungan per-ml susu dan isolasi bakteria patogen susu. Diagnosa jumlah sel Susu yang mengandung jumlah sel somatik lebih besar dari 500.000 dan mengandung bakteria patogen, dianggap sebagai susu yang dihasilkan oleh kuartir kelenjar ambing penderita MSK. Jumlah sel somatik dihitung dengan alat Coulter counter dan identifikasi bakteria susu dilakukan dengan cara Claxton dan International Dairy Federation (IDF). Pengobatan sapi penderita MSK dilakukan dengan pemberian kombinasi antibiotika Cloxacillin 200 mg dan Ampicillin 75 mg per kuartir dosis tunggal. Cara pemberian dilakukan dengan infusi Intramammaria dari ujung puting susu (teat end).
Keyword: Bacteria milk, Bacteria, patogen, Cell, somatics

Judul: Kajian Pengendalian Mastitis Subklinis melalui Pemberian Antibiotik pada Saat Kering Kandang di KPSBU Lembang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Mastitis merupakan masalah utama dalam tatalaksana usaha peternakan sapi perah karena dapat menurunkan produksi susu dalam jumlah besar. Salah satu upaya pengendalian penyakit di lapangan yaitu melalui pemberian antibiotik pada saat kering kandang. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui faktor pendorong peternak melakukan pemberian antibiotik pada saat kering kandang, hubungan pemberian antibiotik terhadap tingkat kejadian kasus mastitis subklinis dan pengaruh pemberian antibiotik terhadap peningkatan produksi susu. Sebanyak 110 peternak yang berasal dari lima Tempat Pelayanan Koperasi, KPSBU, Lembang dipilih secara acak. Penelitian dilakukan melalui wawancara terhadap responden dan pengujian mastitis subklinis dengan menggunakan pereaksi IPB-1. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik peternak di wilayah KPSBU Lembang pada umumnya tua (47.28%), memiliki tingkat pendidikan tidak lulus SD-tidak lulus SMA (87.27%), pekerjaan utama beternak (72.7%), milik sendiri (95.5%), mempunyai pengalaman beternak lama (59.09%), aktif dalam pertemuan kelompok (78.2%) dan memiliki sapi laktasi kurang dari lima ekor (85.5%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mendorong peternak melakukan pemberian antibiotik pada saat kering kandang adalah tingkat keaktifan peternak (OR = 4.05; SK = 1.36 - 12.04) dan jumlah sapi laktasi yang dimiliki (OR = 5.3; SK = 1.43 - 19.58). Pemberian antibiotik pada saat kering kandang dapat meningkatkan produksi susu sebesar 620.5 (76.3 - 1164.7) liter/ekor/tahun.
Keyword: mastitis subklinis, pengobatan kering kandang, produksi susu

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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