Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Sludge pada Konversi Jerami Padi Menjadi Biogas
Abstrak: The principal problems which have become the main focus of society are environmental problem and energy scarce. The main cause of the problems is the high consumption of fossil fuels. The purpose of this research is to find out effect of sludge composition on rice straw convertion to biogas. The fermentation were conducted with 1.5 L reactors and fermentation during 30 days. This aims to determine the effect of the use of sludge on the conversion of rice straw into biogas. Activated sludge were use as additional substrate with two composition, 225 g on the composition rice straw:sludge 5:3 and 375 g in composition rice straw:sludge 3:5. The maximum gas production was reached 18.382 L/kg TS in 1st running and 11.602 L/kg TS in 2nd running or 27.67816 L/g VS (1st running) and 18.93871 L/g VS (2nd running) by composition rice straw:sludge 3:5. The highest phosphate levels produced by rice straw:sludge 5:3 was 0.60 %, the carbon highest in rice straw:sludge 3:5 was 38.40 %, and nitrogen in rice straw:sludge 5:3 was 1.80 %.
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Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Sludge dan Pengecilan Ukuran Bahan pada Konversi Sampah Organik Pasar Menjadi Biogas
Abstrak: The principal problems which have become the main focus of society are environmental problem and energy scarce. The main cause of the problems is the high consumption of fossil fuels. The purpose of this research is to find out effect of sludge composition and particle size reduction on organic waste convertion to biogas. The fermentation were conducted with 1.5 L reactors and fermentation during 21 days. Composition of organic waste from traditional market were banana leaf 7.5%, corn husk 24.2%, bitter melon 14.8%, cabbage 19.9%, chicory 6.2%, water spinach 8.0%, mustard greens 8.0%, carrots 11.5% (w/w). The maximum gas production was reached 14.414 L/kg TS in 1st running and 22.028 L/kg TS in 2nd running or 0.005215 L/g VS (1st running) and 0.005172 L/g VS (2nd running) with COD value was 0.459 g/kg by composition 3:5 and size 0.1 to 0.5 cm. All treatments had a pH interval 4.80 to 6.67. The highest phosphate levels produced by sludge 5:3 (0.1 to 0.5 cm) was1.97 %, the carbon highest in sludge 3:5 (1.5 to 2 cm) was 10.25 %, and nitrogen in sludge 5:3 (1.5 to 2 cm) was 2.20 %.
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Judul: Biologi Troides helena helena dan Troides helena hephaestus (Papilionidae) di Penangkaran
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan beriklim tropik dengan berbagai tipe habitat dan ekosistem. Kondisi alam Indonesia merupakan habitat yang cocok bagi berbagai fauna termasuk kupu-kupu. Diperkirakan sekitar 4 000 – 5 000 jenis kupu-kupu terdapat di Indonesia. Troides helena merupakan salah satu kupu-kupu yang memiliki kombinasi warna sayap indah dan berukuran besar, sehingga menarik perhatian kolektor kupu-kupu. T. helena termasuk satwa yang diperdagangkan dan telah memasukkan devisa dari subsektor kehutanan Indonesia. Untuk mencegah dari kepunahan karena eksploitasi yang berlebihan, maka pemerintah melindungi T. helena melalui PP No. 7 Tahun 1999. Semua genus Troides masuk dalam daftar Appendix II CITES, sehingga perdagangan jenis ini harus merupakan hasil budi daya di penangkaran.
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