Judul: Keterkaitan nilai land rent lahan sawah dengan kemiringan lereng, jarak terhadap jalan dan sungai di Kecamatan Padarincang Kabupaten Serang
Abstrak: Subdistrict Padarincang is one of the districts that have the largest paddy fields area in Serang is 3.709,22 ha. In general, the economic value of paddy fields is lower when compared to undeveloped land,so which will accelerate the transfer of paddy fields. This study aims to (1) identify the land rent value of paddy fields based on slope, distance to roads, and rivers, (2) analyze the relationship paddy fields land rent value with slope, distance to roads, and rivers, and (3) analyze the subsistence farmers level from farming results. Implementation of the research include: (1) mapping of paddy fields use, (2) analysis of the value of land rent and subsistence farmers, (3) analysis of land rent rate link with slope, distance roads, and rivers. Value of the land rent in District Padarincang paddy fields which is highest in paddy fields at slope located (0-3 %), is 0-500 m from the road, and within 200- 400 m from the river with a value of Rp 1.148,49 /m2/yr. While the land rent value was lowest for the wetland area located ramps slope (>8-15 %), within 1.000-1.500 m from the road, is 1.400 to 1.600 m from the river with a value of Rp 385,60 /m2/yr. The Linkage land rent value paddy fields located in Padarincang district with slope paddy fields has a strong relationship, so that the slope greatly affect the value of the land rent paddy fields. The relationship between income and expenditure for the owner or tenant farmers unreal with R2 respectively 0,358 and 0,038. It is shown that the value is smaller income than expenses (deficit). At the farmer owners of 60 % deficit, while sharecroppers all respondents 100 % deficit.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), road  dan river, slope, Land rent

Judul: Hubungan Tingkat Kesesuaian Lahan dan Tingkat Pengelolaan dengan Land Rent di Kecamatan Pangalengan dan Cimenyan Kabupaten Bandung
Abstrak: Keberhasilan suatu kegiatan usahatani ditentukan oleh aspek fisik lahan dan aspek pengelolaannya dan dapat menguntungkan apabila memiliki nilai land rent yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi luas areal lahan sayuran, menganalisis tingkat kesesuaian lahan komoditas kentang, kubis dan tomat, menganalisis tingkat pengelolaan lahan, menganalisis nilai land rent pola pertanaman kentang, kubis dan tomat serta mengidentifikasi hubungan antara tingkat kesesuaian lahan dan tingkat pengelolaan dengan nilai land rent. Lokasi penelitian pada dua kecamatan di Kabupaten Bandung, yaitu Kecamatan Pangalengan dan Cimenyan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah digitasi on screen untuk menginterpretasi areal lahan sayuran, join attribute table untuk tingkat kesesuaian lahan, cluster analysis k-means untuk mengelompokan data pengeluaran (Rp/m2/tahun) guna menentukan tingkat pengelolaan lahan serta analisis korelasi untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat kesesuaian lahan dan tingkat pengelolaan dengan nilai land rent. Hasil penelitian menunjukan luas lahan pertanian sayuran seluas 3625,8 ha (18.59%) di Kecamatan Pangalengan dan 778,5 ha (16.38%) di Kecamatan Cimenyan. Tingkat kesesuaian lahan aktual tertinggi untuk komoditas kentang, kubis, dan tomat di Kecamatan Pangalengan dikategorikan Cukup Sesuai (S2), sedangkan di Kecamatan Cimenyan Sesuai Marginal (S3). Tingkat pengelolaan di Kecamatan Pangalengan dominan baik dan buruk, sedangkan tingkat pengelolaan di Kecamatan Cimenyan dominan sedang dan buruk. Nilai land rent rata-rata tertinggi di Kecamatan Pangalengan berdasarkan pola pertanaman adalah komoditas kentang tanpa rotasi, pada tingkat kesesuaian lahan S2-nr/eh, dengan tingkat pengelolaan, baik. Nilai land rent ratarata tertinggi di Kecamatan Cimenyan berdasarkan pola pertanaman adalah komoditas tomat dengan rotasi satu musim, pada tingkat kesesuaian lahan S3-eh, dengan tingkat pengelolaan baik. Di kedua kecamatan, hubungan antara tingkat kesesuaian lahan untuk kentang, kubis, dan tomat dengan nilai land rent positif, dengan nilai korelasi (r) 0,184 sampai 0,364, dikategorikan lemah, sedangkan hubungan antara tingkat pengelolaan dengan nilai land rent juga positif dengan nilai korelasi (r) 0,411 sampai 0,563, dikategorikan sedang.
Keyword: Tingkat Kesesuaian Lahan, Land Rent, Pola Pertanaman, Tingkat Pengelolaan

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity