Judul: Kinetika produksi biomassa kultur campuran bakteri fotosintetik anoksigenik PA11 dan PL1 menggunakan media sintetik dan kompleks
Abstrak: Bakteri Fotosintetik Anoksigenik (BFA) merupakan kelompok bakteri vang ramah lingkungan dan sangat adapatif, dapat tumbuh secara fakultatif anactol deng mengkonsumsi senyawa organik maupun anorganik Biomassa BEA Japai amukka pakan alternatif yang diketahui mengandung protein tinggi dengan komposisi asam asam amino seimbang, vitamin B2, B6, B12 dan E, serta fotopigmen bakteria kihlorofil-a (Bchl-a) dan karotenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kinetika sinergistik kultur camparan dua galur terbaik yang merupakan isolat lokal yaitu PAn dan Pl. dan mengkaji penggunaan media kompleks sebagai media alternatif yang murah dan menghasilkan biomassa maksimum yang tinggi...
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Judul: Produksi biomassa bakteri fotosintetik anoksigenik (BFAA) MWA dan SKX121 dengan memanfaatkan hasil samping industri pertanian
Abstrak: Bakteri Fotosintetik Anoksigenik (BFA) merupakan kelompok bakteri yang melakukan aktifitas fotosintetik tanpa menggunakan H₂O sebagai sumber elektron; autotrof atau heterotrof dengan sumber karbon dan penerima elektron terakhir dari senyawa organik atau CO₂. Beberapa kelompok bakteri fotosintetik mampu menggunakan H₂S sebagai tenaga pereduksi, bakteri-bakteri tersebut menggunakan H₂S sebagai donor hidrogen dalam proses fotosintesisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan media tumbuh yang ekonomis berbasis hasil samping industri pertanian untuk menghasilkan biomassa BFA yang diisolasi dari perairan Indonesia dan telah diketahui mampu mereduksi senyawa H₁₂S (Isolat MW4 dan SKX121). Substrat utama yang digunakan adalah limbah cair industri Monosodium Glutamat (MSG), ekstrak kepala udang (EKU), dan tepung ikan sedangkan sebagai media pembanding digunakan sea water complete (SWC) dan media komersial (WISER) Kegiatan yang dilakukan meliputi persiapan media dan kultur stok, penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian lanjutan. Persiapan media terdiri dari persiapan media SWC, pengenceran limbah cair industri MSG, pembuatan media ekstrak kepala udang, dan pembuatan media tepung ikan. Penelitian pendahuluan meliputi penentuan waktu propagasi, standarisasi hubungan antara derajat kekeruhan dan jumlah koloni (OD vs CFU), penentuan konsentrasi terbaik limbah cair industri MSG. Penelitian lanjutan adalah produksi biomassa dengan menggunakan bioreaktor volume kerja 10 liter dan 100 liter menggunakan komposisi media yang terbaik (setara dengan media SWC). mi Penelitian pendahuluan menggunakan isolat MW4 pada labu Erlenmeyer 250 Biomassa yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan media 50% LCM 0.05 sebesar 6.97 x 10 cfu/ml dengan laju pertumbuhan spesifik maksimum (Hmaka) 0.424 jam media 70% LCM 0.05 sebesar 6.75 x 10 cfu/ml, nilai mas 0.475 jam dan SWC sebesar 6.37 x 10 cfu/ml, nilai maks 0.249 jam¹. Perolehan biomassa pada penelitian menggunakan roller yang berputar untuk SKX121 pada media 50% LCM 0.05 sebesar 2.00 x 100 cfu/ml, nilai maks 0.176 jam sebanding dengan media 30% EKU sebesar 1.87 x 1019 cfu/ml, nilai maks 0.179 jam. Sedangkan pada media 70% LCM 0.05 sebesar 1.37 x 100 cfu/ml, nilai µ maks 0.086 jam. Biomassa yang dihasilkan MW4 pada media 50% LCM 0.05 sebesar 1.90 x 100 cfu/ml, nilai µ maks 0.010 jam; media 70% LCM 0.05 sebesar 8.95 x 10 cfu/ml, nilai µ maks 0.007 jam dan media 30% EKU sebesar 1.46 x 1010 cfu/ml dengan maks 0.011 jam.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite