Judul: Isolasi dan modifikasi protein susu dalam rangka pemanfaatan susu sapi substandar
Abstrak: Usaha peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia pada umumnya masih bersifat tradisional atau peternakan rakyat (>90%), maka kualitas susu segar yang dihasilkan belum dapat memenuhi persyaratan minimal secara kcseluruhan seperti yang tercantum dalam Surat Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Peternakan No: 17/KptslDJP/ Deptad83, misalnya berat jenis sekurang-kurangnya 1.028 pada suhu 27.5°C, atau jumlah kuman yang dapat dibiakkan per ml susu segar setinggi-tingginya 3 juta. Dampak dari keadaan ini adalah banyaknya susu sapi substandar yang tidak dapat diterima oleh industri pengolahan susu.
Keyword: 

Judul: Analisis daya saing dan dampak kebijakan pemerintah terhadap komoditas susu sapi lokal di Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Pengembangan usaha sapi perah merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam rangka pemenuhan gizi masyarakat serta pengurangan tingkat ketergantungan nasional terhadap impor susu. Kemampuan pasok susu peternak lokal saat ini baru mencapai 25-30 persen dari kebutuhan susu nasional, kondisi ini menyebabkan Indonesia menjadi negara pengimpor. Kondisi ini dikarenakan usaha ternak sapi perah di Indonesia didominasi oleh skala kecil dengan kepemilikan ternak kurang dari empat ekor (80 persen), empat sampai tujuh ekor (17 persen), dan lebih dari tujuh ekor (tiga persen). Konsekuensi dari keragaan usaha ternak sapi perah kita yang masih sangat kecil, akan menyebabkan ketidakmampuan untuk bersaing dengan produk impor. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa peran kebijakan pemerintah dalam hal perdagangan sangat mempengaruhi dinamika perkembangan peternakan sapi perah di tengah kondisi perdagangan bebas dan persaingan dengan susu impor. Pasar produk susu segar di Indonesia cenderung memiliki struktur pasar oligopsoni dengan Industri Pengolahan Susu (IPS) sebagai konsumen utama, hal tersebut juga didukung bahwa koperasi susu dan peternak memiliki posisi tawar yang lemah dalam memasok dan menentukan harga susu kepada IPS. Lemahnya posisi tawar peternak terhadap IPS yang lebih cenderung untuk menggunakan bahan baku impor merupakan salah satu kendala utama.
Keyword: 

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: