Judul: Respon anatomi struktur sekretori getah kuning, morfologi, dan fisiologi buah manggis (garcinia mangostana l.) Terhadap aplikasi kalsium secara eksternal
Abstrak: Yellow latex (gamboges) in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) resulted from the damage of epithelium wall secretory duct in the pericarp is presumably caused by deficiency of calcium. The application of Ca to the soil in previous experiment didn’t increase calcium content on the fruit’s pericarp sufficiently. Therefore, the alternative method may need to be tried to improve Ca content. The objective of this research was to study the effect of calcium spraying to the growing mangosteen fruit on the anatomical structure of yellow latex secretory duct, morphological and physiological response. The Randomized Block Design with three replications was applied on fruit surface of ±30 years old mangosteen trees in Leuwiliang sub district. The treatments were CaCl2 0.25 M, CaCl2 0.5 M, CaCl2 1 M, Ca(OH)2 0.25 M, Ca(OH)2 0.5 M, and Ca(OH)2 1 M that was performed at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks after anthesis (WAA). The parameters analyzed were the thickness, length and wide of epithelium secretory duct cell wall, yellow latex score, physical and chemical characteristics, calcium content and. The result showed that Ca application was generally able to decrease yellow latex score on the skin as well as in the aril, but there was different respond between CaCl2 and Ca(OH)2 treatment. The reduction of yellow latex score on skin was highest on Ca(OH)2 1M treatment (26%) while on the aril it was CaCl2 0.5 M treatment (28%). The physiology respond showed that the increase Ca pectat was in accordance to the reduction of yellow latex score on the skin fruit. The application of Ca didn’t influence physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit neither total Ca content of the pericarp significantly.
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Judul: Studi aplikasi Kalsium dan Boron terhadap pengendalian getah kuning pada buah manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.
Abstrak: New and exciting developments in research of mangosten yellow latex in the past few years greatly contributed to better understanding of the methode to control gamboge in mangosten fruits. A field experiment was conducted to understanding and quantifying the effect of boron (B) and calcium (Ca) application to control yellow latex or gamboges on manggosten fruit. There are five treatments and one control as follow: (1) no fertilizer applied as control, (2) 5.79 kg Ca.tree-1.year-1 applied by soil application (3) 5.79 kg Ca.tree-1.year-1 applied by soil application + 1.553 g B.tree-1 .year-1 applied by soil application, (4) 5.79 kg Ca.tree-1.year-1 applied by soil application + 0.047 g B.tree-1.year-1 applied by foliar application, (5) 1.553 g B.tree-1 .year-1 applied by soil application, (6) 0.047 g B.tree-1.year-1 applied by foliar application. The experiment was laid out on a randomized complete block design. The treatment of 5.79 kg Ca.tree- 1.year-1 applied by soil application + 1.553 g B.tree-1 .year-1 applied by soil application significantly affect to reduced yellow latex in aril till to 0%, reduced yellow latex scoring in aril, increasing boron content in endocarp. However they were not significant affect on fruit weight, fruit diameter, fruit fluident, total soluble solid (TSS), total acid titrated (TAT), Ca in leaves, Ca in pericarp, B in excocarp, and B in mesocarp.
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Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg