Judul: Potensi Penghambatan In Vitro Beberapa Antibiotik terhadap Bakteri Penyebab Endometritis pada Sapi Perah di Pangalengan dan Lembang
Abstrak: Endometritis merupakan salah satu gangguan reproduksi pada sapi perah yang dapat menyebabkan penurunan angka kelahiran pedet dan produksi susu. Pengobatan endometritis menggunakan antibiotik secara tidak rasional merupakan penyebab timbulnya resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Penelitian ditujukan untuk mengetahui potensi penghambatan in vitro beberapa antibiotik terhadap bakteri penyebab endometritis. Isolasi dan identifikasi bakteri dari eksudat endometritis dilakukan dengan menanam di media agar sehingga didapatkan isolat bakteri murni . Isolat bakteri kemudian dilakukan uji hambat in vitro menggunakan metode Kirby-Bauer dengan menempelkan disk berisi antibiotik pada media yang telah disapukan bakteri dan terbentuk zona hambat setelah 24 jam. Bakteri yang didapat dari sampel eksudat endometritis yaitu Bacillus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, S. aureus, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus sp., dan Pseudomonas sp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa antibiotik yang efektif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri yaitu kombinasi trimetoprim–sulfadiazin, ceftiofur sodium, dan gentamisin. Kombinasi antibiotik penisilin G–streptomisin kurang efektif karena ada beberapa bakteri yang sudah mengalami resistensi, seperti E. coli dan S. epidermidis.
Keyword: antibiotik, bakteri, endometritis, resistensi, sapi perah

Judul: Uji Daya Antibakteri Propolis terhadap Beberapa Bakteri Penyebab Endometritis pada Sapi Perah
Abstrak: Endometritis adalah peradangan pada lapisan mukosa uterus yang disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri. Dewasa ini masalah resistensi bakteri penyebab endometritis terhadap antibiotik telah banyak dilaporkan. Salah satu penyebab resistensi adalah penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya antibakteri propolis terhadap beberapa bakteri penyebab endometritis pada sapi perah. Pada penelitian ini digunakan tiga konsentrasi propolis yaitu 0.7 mg/μl, 0.8 mg/μl, dan 0.9 mg/μl. Pengujian daya antibakteri propolis menggunakan metode difusi menurut Kirby Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa isolat Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Bacillus sp., Micrococcus sp. dan E.coli tidak peka terhadap propolis pada konsentrasi yang dipakai kecuali isolat Pseudomonas aeroginosa yang memberikan hasil peka pada konsentrasi 0.7mg/μl.
Keyword: endometritis, propolis, sapi perah dan resistensi bakteri

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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