Judul: Application of steel slag, dolomite, silica gel, and micro fertilizer in rice plant on peat soil
Abstrak: Steel slag as a by-product formed in the process of steel manufacturing consists of iron-making slag or blast furnace slag (BFS) and steel-making slag or electric furnace slag (EFS) had been used as Si fertilizer and liming materials. Steel slag containing silicate, micro elements, and bases can be used to improve chemical properties of peat soil that are poor in nutrients. Steel slag contains a lot of silicate needed by especially Si accumulator plants such as paddy rice plant. This research aimed to compare paddy rice plant’s response of IR64 and Air Tenggulang to EF slag, BF slag, dolomite, silica gel and micro fertilizer application for improving chemical properties of peat soil, to know the reason of paddy rice plant’s response on peat soil to steel slag application and to evaluate steel slag effect in content of hazardous heavy metal in brown rice. This research consisted of an incubation and a greenhouse experiments. Both of them were single factor experiment arranged in a completely randomized design. The treatments were both EFS and BFS (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8% w/w of the soil), both dolomite and silica gel equivalent EFS dosage and also micro nutrients with three replications. The results showed that application of EFS on peat soil significantly improved the availability of Fe and Mn, BFS on peat soil significantly improved the availability of Si and Mg and dolomite on peat soil significantly improved soil pH and availability of Ca. Paddy rice grown on peat soil highly responded to steel slag application. Plant height, number of tillers, weight of spikilets, SiO2 of straw were significantly raised with EFS application and content of hazardous heavy metal in brown rice still within limit of food maximum pollution, but Pb and Hg were not detected. In general, the highest rice yield was achieved at dosage of EFS 8%. In conclusion, paddy rice grown responded to steel slag application was associated in increasing soil pH, the availability of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and Si on peat soil. Generally, Paddy rice grown on peat soil highly responded to EFS application better than the others. It meaned that not only silicate as the main factor in improving peat soil chemistry and rice yield, but also increasing soil pH, availability of Ca, Mg and micro nutrients.
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Judul: Pengaruh Electric Furnace Slag, Silica gel dan Unsur Mikro terhadap Sifat Kimia Tanah Serta Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) pada Tanah Gambut dari Kumpeh, Jambi
Abstrak: The staple food of Indonesian is rice, concequently paddy is the most important crop in agriculture. Peat soil is one of marginal land which potential to create the availability of land for paddy in Indonesia. Generally, peat soil in Indonesia has low fertility and availability of silicon (Si). Silicon is beneficial element for paddy rice. Recently, general material used as sources of Si in some countries is steel slag of which consist calcium silicate. One kind of steel slag produced in Indonesia is electric furnace slag. However, according to regulation of government (PP No. 18, 1999 and No. 85, 1999), steel slag is categoried at hazardous waste. The objectives of this research were to determine the effect of EF slag, silica gel, and micro elements on chemical properties of soil, growth and yield of paddy rice on peat soil and to evaluate content of heavy metal in rice for worthiness of rice consumption. This research used peat soil from Kumpeh Regency, Jambi. The research consisted of two experiments, they were incubation experiment in laboratory and pot experiment in greenhouse. The dosage applied for treatment of EF slag and silica gel were 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. Application of EF slag significantly increased pH, exchangeable Ca and Mg, available-Fe, Mn, Zn, SiO2, and P. Growth and yield of paddy rice with EF slag was better than with silica gel and micro nutrients. Furthermore, the content of heavy metal in rice was very low, so that the rice produced is not harmful and can be consumed.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf