Judul: Resonance technique HHO generator for internal combustion engine
Abstrak: Application of HHO gas as fuel had been generaly used. Though there was still controversy regarding its efficiency and efectiveness . In this research, hydrogen that hopefully could become an alternative renewable energy was produced by the electrolysis process. HHO was the mixture of hydrogen gas and oxygen gas that was formed in HHO dry generator. In HHO cell (dry) generator contained 10 cells, and each cell required 2.4 voltage. Furthermore, resonance DC application was evaluated to gain the better electrolysis efficiency. The test was held by using 2 level of electrolyte consentration, 0.178 M KOH and 0.446 M KOH. Each concentration was tested by 3 size of inductors, 8uH, 40uH, and 100uH. Not only single frequency was used, but modulatedfrequency was used also as well. In order to measure the improvement of resonance techinique application, specific energy was compared between using resonance technique and conventionaltechnique.Specific energy was calculated between output (mass of hydrogen) and input energy (watt hour). In this test,input of specific energy was measured in two condition:energy from the source (total) and energy in HHO generator only. From the test, it could be concluded that modulated frequency, by using40 Hz and 2405 Hz frequency, 100uH inductor, and 0.446 M OH, only 61% of total specific energy that was used in HHO generator. It needed23.91 watt hour energy (total) to produce 1 gram of hydrogen gas.On the other hand, the worst performance was happened in single frequency, 11270Hz, 8uH of inductor, and 0.178 KOH, where the loss of specific energy was 82%. The conventional technique only loosed about 0.5% of specific energy in 0.178 KOH needed 51.37watt hour to provide one gram of hydrogen. The loss was happened due to the excess of current that was converted into head in MOSFET. Hopefully the further research will be held again by using wet type of HHO generator because dry generator did not have fixed capacity value and it maked difficulty for calculating the perfect resonance condition.
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Judul: Potential For Utilizing Palm Oil Mill Effluent To Produce Hydrogen Gas By Microbial Electrolysis Cell
Abstrak: Limbah cair kelapa sawit (POME) mengandung bahan organik yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan kembali agar tidak menjadi limbah yang mencemari lingkungan. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) merupakan salah satu metode yang memanfaatkan bakteri elektrogenik untuk membantu proses elektrolisis dalam menghasilkan gas hidrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi potensi pemanfaatan POME menjadi gas hidrogen secara microbial electrolysis cell. Penelitian ini diawali dengan studi pustaka dan dilanjutkan dengan pengambilan data secara ekperimental. Eksperimen dilakukan menggunakan reaktor MEC yang dirancang khusus berkapasitas 3,5 Liter dengan variasi tegangan sebesar 0,5; 1,0; dan 1,5 volt. Pengukuran gas hidrogen dilakukan dengan gas analyzer selama 24 jam dengan interval pengukuran 2 jam. Substrat yang digunakan adalah POME dan dibandingkan dengan air destilasi. Data eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa jumlah gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan meningkat sesuai dengan peningkatan tegangan, yaitu pada tegangan 0,5 V sebesar 37 mg/m3; pada tegangan 1,0 V sebesar 136 mg/m3; dan pada tegangan 1,5 V sebesar 358 mg/m3 dan berpotensi lebih tinggi lagi. Pembandingan dengan gas hidrogen yang dihasilkan menggunakan substrat air distilasi pada tegangan 1,5 V menunjukkan bahwa hasil dari substrat POME selalu lebih tinggi. Hal ini diduga sebagai akibat dari aktivitas mikroba dalam meningkatkan terjadinya proses elektrolisis., Palm oil mill effluent (POME) contains organic matter that can potentially be reused in order to reduce its impact to the environment. Microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) is a method that utilizes electrogenic bacteria to produce hydrogen gas. This study aims to explore the potential for utilizing POME to produce hydrogen gas using microbial electrolysis cells. This study starts with a literature review continued with experimental data retrieval. Experiments were conducted using a specially built laboratory scale MEC reactor with voltage variations of 0,5; 1,0; and 1,5 volts. A gas analyzer was used to measure hydrogen gas over the course of 24 hours at a 2 hours interval. POME was utilized as the substrate, while distilled water was used as a control. Experiments demonstrated an increase in the amount of produced hydrogen gas at higher applied voltage, i.e of 37 mg/m3 at 0,5 V; 136 mg/m3 at 1,0 V; and 358 mg/m3 at 1,5 V. Comparing with the yield of distilled water at 1,5 V, the yield of POME substrate is clearly higher. This phenomenon is predicted as the effect of microbial activity in enhancing the electrolysis process.
Keyword: DC Voltage, Biohydrogen, POME, MEC

Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
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