Judul: Pengaruh Pengukusan Perendaman dalam Eter dan Perendaman dalam Alkohol terhadap Retensi dan Penetrasi Bahan Pengawet Wolmanit CB pada Kayu Keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.) Kering Udara
Abstrak: Kayu Keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.ng zat ekstraktif yang cukup tinggi. Walaupun demikian telah diketahui bahwa kayu keruing mempunyai keawetan alami yang rendah (III-V). Pengawetan yang relatif mudah dapat dilakukan dengan cara rendaman. Namun perlakuan pendahuluan sebelum kayu diawetkan perlu dilakukan terhadap kayu keruing supaya zat ekstraktif yang terkandung dan terakumulasi pada permukaan kayu dapat terlarut atau dikeluarkan oleh pelarut seperti air, eter, dan alkohol. Perlakuan dan pendahuluan tersebut adalah pengukusan, perendaman dalam eter, dan perendaman dalam alkohol.
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Judul: Pengaruh pengukusan perendaman dalam alkohol dan perendaman dalam eter terhadap retensi dan penetrasi bahan pengawet wolmanit CB
Abstrak: Pemberian perlakuan pengukusan. perendaman dalam alkohol dan perendaman dalam eter dapat mengeluarkan zat ekstraktif yang berada pada permukaan kayu, dengan demikian retensi dan penetrasi bahan pengawet Wolmanit CB dapat ditingkatkan. karena masuknya bahan pengawet ke dalam kayu menjadi tidak terhalangi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Jurusan Teknologi Hasil Hutan Fakultas Kehutanan Institut Pertanian Bogor menggunakan kayu keruing (Dipte- rocarpus sp) dan bahan pengawet Wolmanit CB. Perlakuan pengukusan diberikan dalam 5 taraf yaitu selama 0 jam. 2 jam. 4 jam. 6 jam dan 8 jam. Sedangkan perlakuan perendaman dalam alkohol dan eter diberikan dalam 4 taraf yaitu selama O jam. 2 jam. 4 jam dan 6 jam. Model analisis yang digunakan adalah pola Rancangan Faktorial 5 x 4 x 4 dengan uji Duncan dan setiap perlakuan mendapat 4 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dengan adanya perlakuan pengukusan, perendaman dalam alkohol dan perendaman dalam eter dapat mengeluarkan zat ekstraktif yang menyumbat pori pada permukaan kayu. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari perubahan warna alkohol dan eter sesudah proses perenda- man menjadi coklat gelap. Adanya perlakuan pendahuluan ini dapat meningkat- kan nilai rata-rata retensi dan penetrasi bahan pengawet Wolmanit CB. ...
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates