Judul: Pemetaan Sebaran dan Kerapatan Mangrove di Teluk Pangpang, Banyuwangi Menggunakan Maximum Likelihood dan Artificial Neural Network
Abstrak: Mangrove menjadi ekosistem pesisir terbesar kedua di Indonesia serta memiliki peranan penting dalam siklus hidup biota laut sebagai nursery ground, spawning ground dan feeding ground. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan sebaran dan kerapatan mangrove di Teluk Pangpang menggunakan citra Sentinel 2B. Metode Hemispherical Photography digunakan untuk memperoleh data tutupan kanopi mangrove serta analisis Normalized Difference Vegetation Index digunakan untuk memetakan sebaran kerapatan mangrove. Hasil uji akurasi 2 klasifikasi menunjukkan bahwa metode artificial neural network menghasilkan nilai Overall accuracy 92,73% (kappa 0,84) dan lebih baik daripada metode maximum likelihood dengan nilai Overall accuracy 89,09% (kappa 0,76). Analisis Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) menghasilkan 3 kelas kerapatan mangrove. Luas yang dihasilkan adalah 925,8 ha dengan mangrove rapat 672,99 ha, mangrove sedang 61,83 ha, dan mangrove jarang 178,75 ha. Pengujian korelasi data survei tutupan kanopi dengan nilai NDVI didapatkan nilai korelasi (r) sebesar 0,893287 dan nilai determinasi (R2) sebesar 0,797961., The mangrove ecosystem is the second largest coastal ecosystem in Indonesia, playing a crucial role in the life cycle of marine biota. It serves as a nursery ground, spawning ground, and feeding ground, making it an essential component of the marine ecology. This study aimed to map the distribution and density of the mangroves in Pangpang Bay, utilizing Sentinel 2B imagery. To gather data on mangrove canopy cover, the Hemispherical Photography method was employed, while the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index analysis was utilized to map the mangrove density distribution. The results of the classification accuracy tests revealed that the artificial neural network method produced an overall accuracy value of 92.73% (kappa 0.84), surpassing the maximum likelihood method, which scored an overall accuracy value of 89.09% (kappa 0.76). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) analysis yielded 3 classes of mangrove densities, resulting in a total area of 925.8 ha, with 672.99 ha of dense mangroves, 61.83 ha of medium mangroves, and 178.75 ha of sparse mangroves. A correlation analysis of the canopy cover survey data with the NDVI value produced a correlation value (r) of 0.893287 and a determination value (R2) of 0.797961.
Keyword: Teluk Pangpang, Sentinel 2B, Kerapatan, Artificial Neural Network, Maximum Likelihood, Mangrove, NDVI

Judul: Mangrove Distribution and Density Analysis  Using Sentinel-2A Imagery at Bandar Bakau Dumai
Abstrak: Mangrove merupakan tumbuhan yang hidup di daerah pesisir pantai yang berfungsi sebagai habitat biota laut, dan melindungi garis pantai. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan sebaran, luasan, dan kerapatan mangrove di Bandar Bakau Dumai pada tahun 2022 menggunakan citra Sentinel-2A. Data lapang yang dibutuhkan yaitu foto tutupan kanopi dan titik koordinat pengambilan data. Perhitungan persentase tutupan mangrove dihitung menggunakan metode hemispherical photography. Indeks vegetasi dari citra satelit dihitung menggunakan algoritma NDVI. Uji akurasi klasifikasi citra menggunakan metode MLH. Terdapat 10 jenis mangrove yang ditemukan di wilayah penelitian dan didominasi oleh Rhizophora apiculate dan Xylocarpus granatum. Nilai tutupan kanopi mangrove hasil pengamatan berkisar antara 89,2% hingga 31,14%. Nilai indeks vegetasi dilokasi kajian pada tahun 2022 dengan metode NDVI berkisar pada -0,195 hingga 0,775. Luas sebaran mangrove di Bandar Bakau Dumai pada tahun 2022 sebesar 35,52 ha dengan dua tipe kerapatan yaitu mangrove rapat dan mangrove sedang. Hasil uji akurasi klasifikasi citra sebesar 81,63%. Hasil koefisien korelasi antara tutupan kanopi dan NDVI sebesar 75% tergolong korelasi tinggi. Penelitian ini menunjukkan nilai NDVI dapat menjadi acuan nilai tutupan kanopi mangrove., Mangroves are plants that live in coastal areas that function as a habitat for marine life and protect the coastline. This studied aim to map the distribution, area, and density of mangroves in Dumai Bakau Airport in 2022 using Sentinel-2A imagery. The required field data were photos of canopy cover and coordinate points for data collection. Mangrove cover percentage was calculated using the hemispherical photography method. Vegetation index from satellite imagery was calculated using NDVI algorithm. Image classification accuracy test was using MLH method. There were 10 mangrove species found in the study area and were dominated by Rhizophora apiculate and Xylocarpus granatum. The observed mangrove canopy cover value ranged from 89.2% to 31.14%. The vegetation index valued at the study location in 2022 using the NDVI method ranges from -0.195 to 0.775. The distribution area of mangroves in Dumai Bakau Airport in 2022 was 35.52 ha with two types of density, namely very dense and dense mangroves. The result of image classification accuracy test was 81.63%. Correlation coefficient between canopy cover and NDVI of 75% was classified as high correlation. This studied show that the NDVI value can be used as a reference for the mangrove canopy cover value.
Keyword: Bandar Bakau Dumai, Mangrove, Sentinel-2A, NDVI

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Kompleks Fe(III)-Kuersetin
Abstrak: Quercetin belongs to flavonols which is able to chelate metal ions. Quercetin may chelate metal ions at 3’,4’-catechol, 3- or 5-hydroxycromone sites. In this study, quercetin was complexed with Fe(III). The complex with Fe(III) ions from FeCl3·6H2O was more stable than the complex derived from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. The quercetin was yellow in color and showed maximum wavelengths (λ􀭫􀭟􀭶) at 250 and 370 nm. The Fe(III)-quercetin complex from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O was yellowish green with 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 at 280 and 420 nm, whereas that from FeCl3·6H2O was dark green with 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 at 280 and 430 nm. The 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 shift indicated that the complex was formed at 3-hydroxychromone site. The Fe(III)- quercetin complex was formed with 1:1 metal-ligand mole ratio based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis and the X-ray diffractogram showed that the crystallinity of the complex was 37%.
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