Judul: Energy and nutrient requirements of indonesia race-horses and it application in feed rations formulation based on local feed
Abstrak: This study was conducted to obtain standardization of energy and nutrient needs racehorses in Indonesia. The objective of this study was to assess the needs of feed, energy and nutrient feed through the relationship between feed intake based on metabolic weight trainer methods, methods of estimating need through the cafeteria and the digestibility of feed by weight metabolic workload and to base the rations formulation of racehorses of Indonesia racehorses. The main activity of the study include: 1). Analysis of feed requirements according to the method of trainers, conducted observation location during training with the model equation: Y = a+ bx. 2). Method of determination of the need based on the cafeteria. 3). Determination of energy (DE) and nutrient requirements of racehorse Indonesia based on consumption, weight and metabolic workload, model equation: Consumption (K) = a + bP W0.75. 4). The trial of local feed formulation compared with imported feed, the experiment was conducted on 14 horses racing with the distance of 800 to 1600 m. Consumption of dry matter, energy and nutrient feed were influenced by metabolic weight during exercise programs for racing preparation, by the equation Y = 2,927 + 0,105x for the consumption of dry matter, Y = 11,34 + 0,41x for energy consumption, Y = 0,618 + 0,022x for crude protein, Y = 0,272 + 0,009x for crude fiber, Y = 0,111 + 0,004x for fat; Y = 0,030 + 0,001x for calcium; Y = 0,002 + 0,0006x for phosphorus and Y = 1,876 + 0,067x for BETN. The results obtained by the method cafeteria average consumption is 12,23 kg dry matter, energy consumption of 3,747 Mcal/kg; 1,317 kg of (CP); fat 0,501 kg; 2,241 kg of crude fiber; Ca 0,03 kg; P 0,06 kg. The test results level by level preferences (palatability) of the seven types of feed were corn, grass, grain, bran, soybean and cafeterias was given of green beans. The results based on the needs of digested energy the average of consumption of dry matter (kg.day -1) obtained was Y = 7,989 + 4,95x; needs of DE (MCal day -1) =17,91+ 10,88x; needs of digested protein Y = 1,581+0,971x; crude fiber Y = 0,951+0,607x; needs fats (kg.hari-1) = 0,287+0,176x; needs calcium (kg.hari-1) = 0,080+0,049x; needs phosphorus (kg. day-1) = 0,043+0,027x; needs BETN (kg.hari-1) = 5,040+3,118x. The results of research to see the potential of local feed compared with feed imports made through a test match between racehorse fed and feed local. From these results it can be concluded that: 1). The results of this trainer method of analysis can be concluded that the consumtion of dry matter, energy and nutrien feed is infuenced by metabolic weight during an ecercise program for the preparation raced racehorse. 2). These observations cafeteria method, it can be concluded that the highest feed consumption is corn 38,01% of the total consumption of dry feed (12,23 kg), with 30,64 mkal ME consumption / kg, 10,77% crude protein; crude fiber 18,33%; fat 4,10%; 0,3% Ca, and P 0,48%. 3). From the results of this study can be concluded that, the need for
Keyword: Race-Horses, trainers method, nutrient requirements, cafeteria method, metabolic weight

Judul: Study of Nutrient and Energy Requirement Fulfillment in Pregnant and Lactating Horses at Stable in Bogor
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pemenuhan kebutuhan nutrien dan energi pada kuda bunting dan laktasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi observasi yang dilakukan di delapan peternakan dengan 11 ekor kuda bunting dan 16 kuda laktasi. Peubah yang diamati meliputi profil kuda (estimasi bobot badan, jenis kuda, kondisi fisiologis (bunting atau laktasi), pemberian pakan (jenis pakan yang diberikan, jumlah pakan yang diberikan, kandungan nutrien pakan yang diberikan, jumlah pakan yang dikonsumsi) kemudian dibandingkan dengan kebutuhan nutrien berdasarkan NRC (2007). Data konsumsi pakan dikumpulkan berdasarkan kondisi fisiologis yang berbeda (bunting dan laktasi) dan bobot badan. Ransum yang diberikan dianalisis proksimat. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsumsi nutrien kuda laktasi belum memenuhi kebutuhan secara keseluruhan. 7 peternakan sudah memenuhi kebutuhan protein dengan konsumsi tertinggi mencapai 178% lebih banyak dari kebutuhan. 5 peternakan sudah memenuhi kebutuhan energi dengan konsumsi tertinggi mencapai 160% lebih banyak dari kebutuhan. Rasio konsumsi Ca:P tertinggi mencapai 2,5:1 namun ada 2 peternakan yang mengonsumsi P lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan konsumsi Ca.
Keyword: kuda, bunting, laktasi, konsumsi nutrien, pakan kuda

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix