Judul: Quality enhancement of the inner part of oil palm trunk by close system compression method and by phenol formaldehyde compregnation
Abstrak: Improvement of physical and mechanical properties of oil palm trunk could be done by close system compression (CSC) and by compregnation with fenol formaldehida. The aims of these researches were to determine the maximum compression level by studying the density distribution and stress-strain curves of oil palm trunk, to evaluated the fixation of the inner part of oil palm trunk by close system compression, heat treatment and steam treatment, to measured the physical, mechanical, anatomical and chemical of densified oil palm trunk by CSC, and to evaluated the physical and mechanical of phenol formaldehyde (PF)- densified of oil palm trunk. The results showed that density of oil palm trunk was around 0.23-0.74 g/cm3. The density at the outer part was higher, and then decreasing toward the center of trunk. The stress-strain curves showed that water saturated and wet conditions were easier to compress than that of air dry condition. The compression level increased from the outer part to the center. The maximum compression levels of the center park were 67% in air dry condition and 72-73% in wet and water saturated conditions from their initial thickness. Fixation of the trunk by steam treatment method was achieved at 170 oC for 30 min, by CSC at 180 oC for 30 min, while by heat treatment was not yet fixed even at 200 oC for 180 min. Compression by CSC results in the improvement of the physical and mechanical properties of the inner part of oil palm trunk. The density, MOR, MOE and compression parallel to grain of densified-oil palm trunk were improved 3.33-90%, 14.31-192.81%, 43.22-192.74% and 18.93- 123.20%, from the initial samples (control), respectively. The chemical components especially holocellulose was decreased with the increasing of temperature and time of compression, but the other components (lignin, alfa cellulose, extractive by hot water and by alcohol-benzene) were increased. Then, PF compregnation results in the improvement of the physical and mechanical of the inner part of oil palm trunk. The density, MOR, MOE and compression parallel to grain of PF-densified oil palm trunk were improved 94.12–176.47%, 191.7–309.5%, 108.2–287.5%, and 83.72–191.75%, from the initial samples (control), respectively. The last, the inner part of oil palm trunk after treating by CSC and by compregnation PF is suitable for furniture material.
Keyword: Oil Palm Trunk, Close System Compression Method, phenol formaldehyde, physical and mechanical properties

Judul: Physical and Mechanical Properties Lamina from Oil Palm Trunk Furfurylated
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis batang kelapa sawit dengan perlakuan furfurilasi dengan metode perendaman. Lamina BKS diberi perlakuan dengan variasi waktu rendam furfuryl alcohol (6 jam,12 jam dan 24 jam). Hasil penelitian menunjukan waktu rendam memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis batang kelapa sawit. Perlakuan furfurilasi dapat memperbaiki kadar air, kerapatan, daya serap air dan pengembangan tebal pada lamina BKS. Nilai WPG BKS setelah dilakukan perendaman berkisar 10.6117.81%. Kadar air lamina BKS turun dari 6.44% menjadi 0.62-0.69%. Kerapatan lamina BKS meningkat dari 0.73 g/cm3 menjadi 0.78-0.86 g/cm3. Daya serap air lamina BKS setelah dilakukan perendaman selama 2 jam menurun menjadi 4.897.81% dan 24 jam menjadi 11.11-13.37%. Pengembangan tebal lamina BKS selama 2 jam perendaman berkisar 1.02-1.44% dan 24 jam berkisar 1.66-2.3%. Nilai MOE lamina BKS meningkat menjadi 10 990 – 12 460 MPa. Selain itu, nilai MOR lamina BKS meningkat menjadi 100-120 MPa. Lama perendaman menggunakan FA tidak memberikan pengaruh pada nilai PT 2 jam dan MOR. Hasil optimal perendaman menggunakan FA dilakukan selama 12 jam.
Keyword: : furfuryl alcohol, lamina, mechanical properties, palm oil stem, physical properties, soaking time

Judul: Penyebaran virus Newcastle-Disease (ND) pada burung liar
Abstrak: Banyak usaha yang telah dilakukan untuk mencegah dan mengendalikan terjadinya serangan wabah ND, seperti misalnya peningkatan sanitasi dan vaksinasi ND. Akan tetapi sam pai saat ini pengendaliannya belum dapat dilakukan secara tuntas. Banyak masalah yang menyebabkan kegagalan dari usaha untuk mengendalikan wabah ND, salah satu masalah yang perlu dipertimbangkan dalam penanggulangan wabah ND adalah sumber dan penyebaran virus ND oleh burung liar (Ronohardjo, 1980). Walaupun telah diketahui bahwa burung liar mempunyai peranan dalam penyebaran penyakit unggas, tetapi harus diakui bahwa sedikit sekali informasi mengenai jenis burung yang mempunyai potensi sebagai sumber dan penyebar virus ND. Selain menyebarkan penyakit unggas, burung liar juga dapat menyebarkan penyakit mammalia (Ottis and Bachmann, 1983). ...
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