Judul: The Form of Vegetable Simplicia and Traditional Medicine Products Trade in Jepara, Central Java
Abstrak: Simplisia nabati sebagai bahan baku obat tradisional memiliki potensi yang cukup besar dalam bidang kesehatan, ekonomi, dan budaya. Kabupaten Jepara ditetapkan oleh UNESCO sebagai cagar biosfer yang memiliki keanekaragaman tumbuhan berpotensi obat cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi simplisia nabati, produk obat tardisional, harga jual dan asal pasokan, serta potensi pengelolaan lestari dan status konservasi tumbuhan obat yang diperdagangkan di Kabupaten Jepara. Metode yang digunakan yaitu wawancara semi terstruktur untuk pedagang dan wawancara secara accidental sampling untuk pembeli. Simplisia nabati yang diperdagangkan sebanyak 13 bentuk dari 96 spesies tumbuhan obat yang didominasi Zingiberaceae. Bentuk simplisia nabati yang paling banyak diperdagangkan yaitu buah. Simplisia nabati berasal dari budidaya dengan harga Rp7.000,00−Rp200.000,00 serta asal pasokan dari Jepara, Semarang, Kudus, Pati, dan Rembang. Produk obat tradisional yang diperdagangkan sebanyak 51 produk dari 11 produsen industri jamu. Dua spesies yaitu cendana (Santalum album) dan gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis) termasuk kategori Vulnerable oleh IUCN dan Appendix II menurut CITES., Vegetable simplicia as raw material for traditional medicine has considerable potential in the fields of health, economy, and culture. Jepara is designated by UNESCO as a biosphere reserve which have a high diversity of medicinal plants. This study aims to identify vegetable simplicia, traditional medicinal products, selling price and source of supply, and the potential for sustainable management and conservation status of medicinal plants traded in Jepara Regency. The method used is semi-structured interviews for traders and interviews by accidental sampling for buyers. The results showed that 13 forms of vegetable simplicia were traded from 96 species of medicinal plants, which were dominated by Zingiberaceae. The most traded form of vegetable simplicia is fruit. Vegetable simplicia comes from cultivation with a price of Rp7.000,00− Rp200.000,00 and the source of supply is from Jepara, Semarang, Kudus, Pati, and Rembang. Traditional medicinal products traded are 51 products from 11 herbal medicine manufacturers. Two species, namely sandalwood (Santalum album) and gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensis), are classified as Vulnerable by the IUCN and Appendix II according to CITES.
Keyword: jepara, medicinal plants, vegetable simplicia

Judul: Diversity of Vegetable Simplisia and Traditional Medicine Product Trade in Central Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara
Abstrak: Tumbuhan dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan obat berupa simplisia atau produk obat tradisional. Masyarakat umumnya mengkonsumsi obat tradisional berupa simplisia nabati, ramuan jamu racikan, dan produk jamu dari perusahaan jamu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi simplisia nabati, produk obat tradisional, harga jual, dan asal penyediaan simplisia, serta mengetahui status ancaman tumbuhan obat. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah observasi langsung dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa simplisia teridentifikasi 15 bentuk dengan 84 spesies dari 39 famili yang didominasi oleh famili Zingiberaceae (10%) dan Fabaceae (10%). Bentuk simplisia buah (Fructus) yang paling banyak dimanfaatkan (31%) dan paling banyak habitus adalah pohon (38%). Simplisia paling banyak digunakan sebagai obat untuk penyakit saluran cerna dari 43 spesies. Jenis produk obat tradisional ini diperdagangkan sebanyak 36 dari 28 produsen. Kisaran harga simplisia yang diperdagangkan adalah Rp2.000 - Rp550.000. Asal pasokan simplisia dari Bertais Mataram, Sweta, dan Lombok Timur. Sebanyak 4 spesies tumbuhan obat yang tergolong langka oleh LIPI dan 1 spesies tergolong rentan (vulnerable) menurut daftar merah IUCN. Kata kunci: lombok tengah, produk obat tradisional, simplisia nabati, tumbuhan obat, Plants can be used as medicinal ingredients in the form of simplisia or traditional medicinal products. People generally consume traditional medicine in the form of vegetable simplisia, herbal medicine blends, and herbal products from herbal medicine companies. This study aims to identify vegetable simplisia, traditional medicinal products, selling prices, and the origin of simplisia supply. As well as to identify the endangered status of dicinal plants. The methods used in this study are direct observation and interview. This study showed that there are 15 shapes of simplisia with 84 species from 39 families dominated by Zingiberaceae (10%) and Fabaceae (10%). The most widely used part is fruit simplisia (fructus) (31%) and the most inhabited is trees (38%). Simplisia is mainly used as a cure for gastrointestinal diseases of 43 species. This type of traditional medicine product is marketed by 36 out of 28 manufacturers. Simplisia is sold in the price range between Rp2 000 and Rp550 000. The sources of simplia supply came from Bertais Mataram, Sweta, and East Lombok. About 4 species of medicinal plants are classified rare by LIPI and 1 species is classified as vulnerable species according to the IUCN red list. Keywords: central lombok, medical plant, simplisia, traditional medice product.
Keyword: central lombok, medical plant, simplisia, traditional medice product

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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