Judul: The Evaluation of Earthworm (Pheretima sp) Enrichment on The Chemical Composition and Ovarian Development of Female Pacifik White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) Broodstock.
Abstrak: Pacific White shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei ) is a species of penaid shrimp families that has significant commercial value in the world trade. Fresh feed that have excelent result to increase broodstock gonad maturation of white shrimp is marine worm (Nereis sp), therefore they become WSSV vector. This study aimed to search arternative feed subtituting marine worm as the main feed of white shrimp broodstock. Earthworms (Pheretima sp) have a great potential to be used as an alternative feed to subtituting marine worm for white shrimp broodstock because they can be cultivated, and the nutritional content is quite high. But the content of phospholipids, cholesterol and carotene earthworms were lower than marine worms. The diet treatments were marine worms (Nereis sp) as a control (A), earthworms (Pheretima sp) (B), earthworms enriched by phospholipids, cholesterol and carotene (C) and artificial feed using earthworms flour as the main protein source enriched by phospholipids, cholesterol and carotene (D). The object of this research was virgin white shrimp broodstock. Observed parameters were gonad development stage (GDS) and gonad chemical composition at gonad maturation level II and IV. The results showed that gonad development stage both morfology and histology of C treatment was higher than B and D. The highest of broodstock that reach out for GDS IV was treatment A (28%), followed by treatment C (22.67%) and treatment D (17.33%). The observation of broodstock gonad chemical composition during maturation process from GDS II to GDS IV, showed that although gonad total lipid (TL) of treatments A, C and D increase, only treatment A and treatment C showed an increase in protein content, triacylgliseride, and polar lipid. These affected by betacaroten of both treatments were high enough, so be able to prevent the oxidation of gonad lipid mobilization process. In this study, the treatment that able to produce eggs are treatment A and C. Lipids were preferentially transferred to the eggs, which contained relatively high triacylgliseride and cholesterol levels. The chemical composition of eggs respectively were: protein content of eggs A. 1.87%, C. 12.94%; triacylgliseride content of eggs A. 0.73%, C. 0.70%; cholesterol content of eggs A. 0.62%, C. 0.49%; and beta-caroten content of eggs A. 20.62 mg/1000g, C. 18.2 mg/1000g. It can be concluded that earthworms (Pheretima sp) enriched by phospholipids, cholesterol and beta-carotene can be used as a white shrimp broodstock alternative feed for subtitute marine worms (Nereis sp).
Keyword: Marine worm Nereis sp, L. vannamei broodstock, earthworm Pheretima sp

Judul: Utilization of black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens) as a source of feed ingredients for whiteleg shrimp  (Litopenaeus vannamei).
Abstrak: This study is aimed to analyze the growth of whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) which is fed is with various doses of BSF black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal and the combination of BSF meal and BSF oil. The dietary treatments that were used in this study which are K (feed without the substitution of BSF), B (feed with 8% BSF), B+ (feed with BSF 8% + 2% BSF oil). Whiteleg shrimp with a density of 210 shrimp per square meter were kept in a round HDPE ponds with a diameter of 20 meters with a water depth of 120 cm for 83 days. Shrimp is fed five times a day with the aid of shrimp feed scale index. Water quality management is done with the process of siphoning and water exchange to make sure the water quality is optimum for the growth of whiteleg shrimp. The result of this study shows that growth performance such as final biomass, final average body weight, survival rate, average daily gain, and feed conversion ratio that the (K) control feed gives the best result for whiteleg shrimp., Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pertumbuhan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diberi pakan mengandung tepung larva black soldier fly (BSF) (Hermetia illucens) dan kombinasi tepung larva BSF dan minyak BSF. Terdapat tiga perlakuan tanpa pengulangan, yaitu K (pakan tanpa BSF), B (pakan dengan BSF 8%), serta B+ (pakan dengan BSF 8% + minyak BSF 2%). Udang vaname dengan kepadatan 210 ekor/m2 dipelihara dalam kolam bulat HDPE berdiameter 20 m dengan kedalaman air 120 cm selama 83 hari. Udang diberi pakan lima kali sehari dengan perhitungan skala indeks pakan udang. Pengelolaan kualitas air dengan cara penyiponan dan penggantian air untuk memastikan nilai-nilai kualitas air optimum untuk pertumbuhan udang vaname. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa parameter kinerja pertumbuhan meliputi biomassa akhir, bobot individu akhir, tingkat kelangsungan hidup, rataan pertumbuhan harian, dan rasio konversi pakan (RKP) udang vaname yang diberi pakan kontrol menunjukkan hasil terbaik.
Keyword: Black Soldier Fly, BSF, Growth, Hermetia illucens, Litopenaeus vannamei

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular