Judul: Rancangan Proses Pengelolaan Sampah Organik dengan Menggunakan Mikroba.
Abstrak: Law No.18/2008 on Waste Management is a basis of the importance of waste management. Lately to manage waste, microorganisms as decomposer of organic matter is often. So that the objective of this research is to produce a design process organic waste management that can be implemented simply in the community and give economic benefits. This research method starts from the breeding of bacteria, treatment of bacteria that can be used to decompose organic waste,and making a simple design. The best treatment that is chosen is the treatment giving the bacteria at 2nd week ( POC2 ) with bacterial composition was increased to 20% so that the assumed rate of decomposition can achieve 0.43%/day. Design created a simple unit with a length of 3 m, wide 2 m, and high and 0.75 m and can accommodate 100 people waste for 14 days, after 14 days from the addition of bacteria and on day 28 the processed organic waste in the form of liquid fertilizer can be used. C/N ratio is obtained at the end of the 17.115 still acceptable in SNI 19-7030-2004. Windrow pile design is also created as a temporary storage area before entering the processing unit.
Keyword: waste management, organic waste, C/N ratio, bacteri

Judul: Design and Evaluation of Reusable Materials-Based Aerobic Composter for Domestic Organic Waste Management
Abstrak: Limbah organik menjadi kontributor terbesar komposisi sampah di Indonesia pada tahun 2023. Untuk mengatasi hal ini, diperlukan sistem pengelolaan limbah organik skala domestik yang efisien, seperti composting. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menguji komposter aerob dari barang bekas dengan variasi agen dekomposer: perlakuan larva BSF (P1 dan P2), perlakuan EM4 (P3 dan P4), dan kontrol (P5). Pencacahan limbah organik juga dilakukan pada P1 dan P3. Komposter P1 menunjukkan hasil terbaik dalam biokonversi limbah organik, dengan perubahan berat limbah dan kenaikan suhu paling signifikan serta emisi kebauan paling rendah. Perlakuan ini memiliki nilai reduksi (D) dan waste reduction index (WRI) tertinggi, yaitu 95.73% dan 3.19%/hari. Hasil pengujian kompos padat menunjukkan seluruh perlakuan memenuhi persyaratan yang ditetapkan pada Keputusan Menteri Pertanian Nomor 261 Tahun 2019. Hasil pengujian air lindi tidak memenuhi baku mutu yang dipersyaratkan pada setiap perlakuan, In 2023, Organic waste was the largest contributor to the composition of waste in Indonesia. To address this issue, an efficient domestic-scale organic waste management system, such as composting, is required. This study aims to design and test aerobic composters made from reusable materials with various decomposer agents: BSF larvae treatment (P1 and P2), EM4 treatment (P3 and P4), and control (P5). Shredding of organic waste was also done for P1 and P3. The P1 composter showed the best results in organic waste bioconversion, with the most significant changes in waste weight, the highest temperature increase, and the lowest odor emissions. This treatment had the highest reduction value (D) and waste reduction index (WRI), with 95.73% and 3.19%/day. The solid compost testing results showed that all treatments met the requirements set forth in the Keputusan Menteri Pertanian. The leachate test results did not meet the quality standards requirement
Keyword: performance testing, composter, design, decomposer, Organic waste

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite