Judul: Penentuan Konstanta Laju Glukosa dan Insulin pada Oral Minimal Model dengan Latihan Fisik menggunakan Particle Swarm Optimization
Abstrak: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) tipe 2 ditandai dengan naiknya kadar gula dalam darah akibat penurunan sekresi insulin oleh sel β pancreas atau gangguan fungsi insulin. Oral Minimal Model (OMM) termodifikasi adalah permodelan matematika untuk mengetahui laju penurunan glukosa dan insulin dengan konstanta tertentu. Konstanta laju glukosa dan Insulin yaitu 𝛾, 𝐺𝑏, 𝐼𝑏, 𝑘, 𝑝1(𝑆𝑔), 𝑝2, dan 𝑆𝑖 dapat dicari dengan menggunakan Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) yang meniru perilaku kawanan serangga. Hasil dari konstanta-konstanta yang dicari disubsitusi kedalam OMM termodifikasi sehingga menghasilkan grafik dengan nilai koefisien determasi di atas 0.87. Nilai Sg dan Si dari permodelan yang dipengaruhi latihan fisik ringan ataupun berat memiliki nilai lebih tinggi dari permodelan tanpa latihan fisik.
Keyword: Diabetes Mellitus tipe 2, Oral Minimal Model, Particle Swarm Optimization

Judul: Penentuan efektivitas glukosa dan sensitivitas insulin menggunakan modifikasi minimal model dan particle swarm optimization
Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus is a condition when the concentration of glucose in the blood is chronically higher (hyperglycemia) than the normal value in the body. In diabetics, glucose metabolism process does not work well characterized by intervals of glucose effectiveness (Sg) and insulin sensitivity (Si) beyond the limits of the value of healthy people. Glucose metabolism in the body system is affected by the ability of glucose uptake in a network without the help of insulin and insulin secretion process. Mechanism of regulation of glucose in the blood can be explained with minimal modification of the proposed model in this study both for the case of healthy people and people with diabetes. Optimization is used to obtain these parameters are Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm which mimics the behavior of insect swarms. So that modified minimal model and Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm can be used to detect diabetes based on the value of Sg and Si obtained. The results of the modified model is not much different from the experimental data which is shown by the value of R2 or correlation between the simulation and the experimental data exceed 80% for all subjects.
Keyword: particle, diabetes mellitus, insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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