Judul: Relevankah merger Bank di Indonesia?  (pendekatan efisiensi dan skala ekonomi)
Abstrak: Secara fundamental konsisi perbankan di Indonesia masih sangat rapuh, hal ini bisa kita lihat dengan terjadinya krisis ekonomi tahun 1997 yang menggambarkan masih lemahnya kondisi perbankan Indonesia dalam menopang roda perekonomian negara. Pada saat itu, terjadi pembekuan beberapa bank terkait dengan ketidakmampuan bank-bank tersebut dalam mengelola operasionalnya dan berimbas pada kepanikan bagi dunia perbankan Indonesia yang pada akhirnya mengganggu stabilitas perekonomian negara.
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Judul: Efisiensi Bank-bank Merger dan Akuisisi di Indonesia
Abstrak: The existence of API policy that requires each bank in Indonesia to have core capital at least 100 billion rupiah, causes banks to reform its capital structure either by merger or by acquisition. Bank's performance indicators show that the post-merger and post-acquisition banks are relatively low BOPO and higher CER together with low NPL reflecting that bank operate under good banking practice. However, to investigate whether the efficiency in term of cost-efficiency and profit-efficiency, this study employe SFA (Stochastic Frontier Analysis). Based on the RSCE (Ray Scale elasticity) also performed the economic condition of post-merger and post-acquisition banks. The results of SFA show that from 19 banks, Bank of Tokyo has the highest efficiency, followed by Bank HSBC and Bank Mizuho (from the cost-efficiency point of view) when using the alternative profit efficiency, Bank BRI shows the highest score of its efficiency. The results of economics scale calculation show that the post-merger and post-acquisition banks in Indonesia are at the state of increasing return to scale or decreasing cost. Bank merger and acquisition with asset of 10 triliun and 50 trilion prove a relative higher score of efficiency compared with other banks in peergroup. In contrast, cost-efficiency among peer group banks with assets more than 50 trillion indicates that most of the post-merger and post-acquisition banks have lower efficiency scores than non-merger or non-acquisition banks.
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Judul: Effects of Particle Shapes on Temperature Distribution under Static Ohmic Heating.
Abstrak: The ohmic heating is defined as a process wherein an alternating electrical current is passed through materials resulting in the heat generation inside the product. The excellence of ohmic heating in comparison with other thermal processing is its energy efficiency and ohmic heating could keeping nutritional as well quality attribute of food via blanching, sterilization, pasteurization, extraction, fermentation, and evaporation. Nevertheless, in ohmic heating process, the electrical conductivity of product is a key parameter. The worst case in the ohmic heating of multiphase product could be occurred when the solid phase has very lower or very high electrical conductivity than the liquid. This study aims to reveal the temperature distribution and the heating rate properties of solid and liquid phase as affected by particle shape and its orientation to the electric field. Experiments were conducted with salt solution 1% and carrot that blanched in salt solution 6%. Blanching process was conducted in order to increase the electrical conductivity of carrot close to the salt solution 1%. Ohmic heating was applied to the sample using static cell (4.90 cm diameter and 6.00 cm in length of sample area) at constant voltage gradient (40 V). Each experiment was conducted in triplicate. It was observed that the different particle shape and orientation provide the different heating rate properties. The slice particle had the fastest heating rate. Moreover the perpendicular orientation was heated faster than parallel orientation. The parallel cylindrical shape provides the slowest heating rate. This shape possibly induced the worst-case condition and could be used as sufficiency heat parameter. The heating pattern of each solid and liquid were simulated using COMSOL modeling software. The predicted temperature values were in good agreement with the experimental data with the maximum prediction error of 3 °C.
Keyword: particle orientation, particle shape, electrical conductivity, ohmic heating