Judul: Ulasan Komposit Selulosa Asetat/Polietilena Glikol sebagai Bahan Dasar untuk Membran Separasi Gas
Abstrak: Membran adalah lapisan tipis selektif dan semipermeabel yang berada di antara dua fase, yaitu fase umpan dan fase permeat. Bahan yang digunakan adalah selulosa asetat (SA) dengan tambahan polietilena glikol (PEG) 400-20.000. Penelitian ini didasarkan pada peran PEG terhadap selektivitas membran untuk mendukung CH4 dan CO2 dengan gas umpan bertekanan rendah (2-8 bar). Pada studi ini membran adalah hasil kopolimerisasi SA dan PEG serta inisiator radiasi berkas elektron. Tujuan ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh penambah PEG dan pengaruh radiasi pada performa membran, serta penelitian laporan penelitian terdahulu untuk dapat menggunakan SA PEG sebagai membran pemisah gas dan memahami kelebihan serta kekurangannya untuk mengembangkan lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hasil mikroskop elektron payaran, membran dengan PEG memiliki struktur yang lebih padat dan lebih baik dalam menahan permeasi gas dibandingkan tanpa PEG. Selektivitas ditunjukkan oleh membran dengan bobot molekul PEG 400 dan PEG 20000, dengan konsentrasi PEG 10% dan tekanan gas umpan 2 bar.
Keyword: membran komposit, polietilena glikol, permeabilitas gas, selulosa asetat

Judul: Synthesis and Characterization of Cellulose  Acetate Membrane from Cigarette Filters with The Addition of Polyethylene  Glycol (PEG)
Abstrak: Membran adalah lembaran tipis yang selektif dan semipermeabel berbahan organik maupun anorganik yang biasa digunakan dalam proses pemisahan zat. Membran selulosa asetat merupakan membran anorganik yang termasuk ke dalam membran ultrafiltrasi dan biasa digunakan dalam filtrasi air skala besar maupun kecil karena teknologinya yang sederhana. Dalam skala kecil selulosa asetat komersial dapat digantikan dengan filter rokok yang ada di sekitar dan mudah didapatkan. Polietilen glikol diperlukan sebagai zat aditif yang berperan dalam peningkatan kualitas membran. PEG ditambahkan pada larutan membran dengan konsentrasi 10, 20, 30, 40, dan 50%. Membran dikarakterisasi dengan permeabilitas, kekuatan mekanik, porositas, analisis gugus fungsi, dan morfologi permukaan membran. Karakterisasi permeabilitas membran dilakukan dengan pengujian fluks air sistem dead-end. Membran tanpa penambahan PEG mulai mengalami fouling setelah waktu filtrasi mencapai 2 jam. Kekuatan mekaniknya dianalisis dengan elastisitas dimana membran dengan penambahan PEG 40% memiliki modulus Young paling rendah yang berarti elastisitasnya paling tinggi. Kualitas membran paling baik adalah membran dengan ketahanan terhadap bakteri, fluks air tanpa fouling, elastisitas paling tinggi, serta porositas efektif yang besar. Dengan penambahan konsentrasi PEG sebesar 40%, kualitas membran selulosa asetat mampu ditingkatkan sebagai filtrasi air., Membranes are selectively thin, semi-permeable sheets. Neither organic nor inorganic are commonly used in the process of separating substances. Acetate cellulose membrane is an inorganic membrane that is included in ultrafiltration membranes are commonly used in large-scale water filtration. It's small because of its simple technology. In small scale cellulose acetate commercial can be replaced by cigarette filters that are around and easy got it. Polyethylene glycol is needed as an additive that plays a role in improved membrane quality. PEG is added to the membrane solution with concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. Membranes are characterized by permeability, mechanical strength, porosity, function cluster analysis, and morphology membrane surface. Membrane permeability characterization is done with dead-end system water flow testing. Membrane without adding PEG starts fouling after the filtering time reaches 2 hours. analyzed with elasticity where the membrane with the addition of 40% PEG has the lowest Young’s modulus which means the highest elasticity. The best membrane quality is a membrane with resistance to bacteria, water flow without fouling, highest elasticity, as well as effective porosity With a 40% increase in PEG concentration, the quality of the membrane cellulose acetate can be enhanced as water filtration.
Keyword: cellulose acetate, cigarette filters, filtration, membrane, PEG

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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