Judul: Studi literatur: peran madu dalam menjaga kesehatan dan terapi penyembuhan penyakit paru-paru
Abstrak: Madu termasuk ke dalam minuman fungsional yang dihasilkan oleh lebah penghasil madu dengan rasa manis dan memiliki berbagai fungsi untuk kesehatan. Madu berfungsi untuk menjaga kesehatan serta sebagai media terapi penyembuhan penyakit paru-paru karena memiliki kandungan gizi yang sangat baik. Kandungan gizi tersebut berperan sebagai anti-inflamasi, antibakteri dan antioksidan yang signifikan dengan kesehatan. Penelitian studi literatur ini dilakukan dengan melakukan penelusuran jurnal nasional maupun internasional yang dipublikasikan antara tahun 2011-2022 dengan menggunakan narrative review. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan mereview antar literatur mengenai kandungan gizi madu dan hubungannya untuk menjaga kesehatan, serta terapi penyembuhan penyakit paruparu. Hasil studi pustaka menunjukkan bahwa madu memiliki kandungan gizi lengkap. Kandungan gizi madu dapat dipengaruhi oleh jenis madu, faktor iklim, masa panen, dan jenis nektar yang di sekresi. Hidrogen peroksida sebagai antibakteri, sementara flavonoid, fenolik, fruktosa dan glukosa sebagai antioksidan dan anti-inflamasi yang merupakan kandungan gizi pada madu yang berpotensi memberikan efek untuk kesehatan dan penyembuhan penyakit paru-paru.
Keyword: health, honey, honey bees, lung disease

Judul: Literature Review on Caracteristic of Honey and Mint Leaf Extract as A Candidate of Functional Drink
Abstrak: Madu merupakan produk hasil ternak yang bermanfaat untuk menjaga kesehatan tubuh dan dapat diolah menjadi minuman fungsional. Penambahan ekstrak daun mint pada produk minuman fungsional madu dilakukan untuk memberi efek rasa dingin dan khasiat produk. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik madu dan daun mint sebagai bahan baku produk minuman fungsional. Kajian pustaka dilakukan dengan penelusuran karya tulis ilmiah pada media dalam jaringan (daring). Hasil yang didapatkan berupa data sekunder mengenai karakteristik beberapa madu di Indonesia, jenis-jenis daun mint yang umum digunakan dalam produk pangan, senyawa bioaktif kedua bahan, metode ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif, dan pencampuran bahan sebagai minuman fungsional. Data kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif. Madu-madu tropis yang lazim ditemui di Indonesia yaitu madu kaliandra, madu randu, madu kelengkeng, madu karet, dan madu rambutan potensial sebagai kandidat minuman fungsional dengan penambahan ekstrak daun mint dari spesies Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, dan Mentha arvensis karena memenuhi ketentuan minuman fungsional berdasarkan karakteristik dan komponen bioaktif yang terdapat pada madu dan ekstrak daun mint., Honey is a livestock product that is useful for maintaining body health and can be processed into functional honey drinks. The addition of mint leaf extract to functional drink products is carried out to provide a cooling effect and product properties. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of honey and mint leaves as raw materials for functional drink products. Literature review is carried out by tracing scientific papers on online media. The results obtained were the form of secondary data about characteristics of honeys in Indonesia, types of mint leaves that are commonly used in food products, the bioactive compounds of the two ingredients, the extraction method for bioactive compounds, and the mixing of ingredients as functional drinks. The data were analysed using descriptive analysis. Tropical honey that is commonly found in Indonesia, namely calliandra honey, randu honey, longan honey, karet honey, and rambutan honey, are potential as a candidate for functional drinks with the addition of mint leaf extracts from the species Mentha piperita, Mentha spicata, and Mentha arvensis because they are fulfill the functional drink requirements based on the characteristics and bioactive components that found in honey and mint leaf extract.
Keyword: Bioactive compounds, functional drink, honey, mint lea

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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