Judul: The Effect of Cow’s Milk Dadih-Fermented Food on Mice’s (Mus musculus) Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Behavior, and Gut- Bacterial Dynamics
Abstrak: The gut-brain axis, linking the enteric and central nervous systems, influences learning, cognition, mood, and mental well-being. Research on fermented dadih's impact on digestive health is extensive, but its effects on neurogenesis, behavior, and memory are less understood. This study aims to determine the effect of cow's milk dadih on mice's hippocampal neurogenesis, behavior, and gut bacteria. Twelve mice were divided into control, 30% dadih (FD1), and 60% dadih (FD2) groups. Methods included treatment, aerobic gut bacteria analysis, behavioral tests, spatial memory assessments, and neurogenesis analysis. After 31 days, dadih-treated mice showed a reduction in E. coli. Besides, dadih positively influenced learning, memory, hippocampal neurogenesis, and reduced anxiety-like behavior, indicated by increased NPCs and granular cells, and decreased apoptotic cells., Gut-brain axis menghubungkan sistem saraf enterik dan pusat serta memengaruhi pembelajaran, kognisi, suasana hati, dan kesejahteraan mental. Penelitian mengenai dampak makanan fermentasi dadih terhadap kesehatan pencernaan sudah banyak diteliti, tetapi dampaknya terhadap neurogenesis, perilaku, dan memori masih belum banyak dikaji. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui dampak dadih susu sapi terhadap neurogenesis, perilaku, dan bakteri usus pada mencit. Sebanyak 12 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu, kelompok kontrol, 30% dadih (FD1), dan 60% dadih (FD2). Metode penelitian ini meliputi pemberian perlakuan, analisis bakteri aerob usus, uji perilaku, memori spasial, dan analisis neurogenesis. Setelah 31 hari, mencit yang diberi perlakuan dadih menunjukkan adanya penurunan bakteri E. coli. Selain itu, dadih berpengaruh positif pada pembelajaran, memori, neurogenesis hpokampus, dan penurunan perilaku kecemasan, ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan NPC dan sel granular, serta penurunan sel apoptotis.
Keyword: Anxiety-like behavior, Fermented food, Gut microbiota brain-axis, Neurogenesis, Probiotic

Judul: The Effect of Probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii on Mice's Memory Spatial, Behavior, and Aerobic Gut Bacteria
Abstrak: Saccharomyces boulardii can regulate intestinal microbiota homeostasis and secrete polyamines which play roles in proliferation, differentiation, cell growth, memory performance, and metabolism. This study aims to determine the effect of S.boulardii on mice’s aerobic gut bacteria, spatial memory, and behavior. 12 mice were used and divided into 4 groups, the control group and the treatment group S.boulardii 32.52 mg/kg BW (P1), 65mg/kg BW (P2), and 130 mg/kg BW (P3). The research methods used included material preparation, treatment, analysis quantitative of aerobic gut bacteria, behavioral analysis, spatial memory performance analysis, neurogenesis analysis in the hippocampus, and data analysis using ImageJ and ANOVA. Mice treated with S.boulardii for 31 days showed an increase in the abundance of aerobic and lactic acid bacteria and a decrease in E.coli in the digestive tract. In addition, the administration of S.boulardii had an effect on the learning and memory of mice. This was indicated by the increase in the number of NPC and granular cells and the decrease in apoptotic cells in the hippocampus. However, the administration of S.boulardii did not have an effect on reducing stress and anxiety. This can happen because stress and anxiety are influenced by environmental and social factors., Saccharomyces boulardii memiliki kemampuan untuk mengatur homeostasis mikrobiota usus, mensintesis dan mensekresi poliamina yang berperan dalam proliferasi sel, diferensiasi sel, pertumbuhan sel, kinerja memori, dan metabolisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh S.boulardii terhadap bakteri aerobik usus, memori spasial, dan perilaku mencit. Penelitian dilakukan pada 12 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok perlakuan S.boulardii 32,52 mg/kg BB (P1), 65mg/kg BB (P2), dan 130 mg/kg BB (P3). Metode penelitian yang digunakan meliputi persiapan bahan, perlakuan, pengujian kuantitatif bakteri aerobik usus, analisis perilaku, analisis kinerja memori spasial, analisis neurogenesis di hipokampus, dan analisis data menggunakan ImageJ dan ANOVA. Mencit yang diberi perlakuan S.boulardii selama 31 hari menunjukkan peningkatan kelimpahan bakteri aerob dan asam laktat serta penurunan bakteri E.coli di saluran pencernaan. Selain itu, pemberian S.boulardii berpengaruh pada pembelajaran dan memori mencit. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan peningkatan jumlah NPC dan sel granular serta penurunan sel apoptosis di hipokampus. Namun, pemberian S.boulardii tidak berpengaruh terhadap penurunan stres dan kecemasan. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena stres dan kecemasan dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan dan social.
Keyword: Anxiety, Gut microbiota brain axis, Gut microbiota, Neurogenesis, Probiotic

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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