Judul: Struktur Morfohistologi Saluran Pencernaan Mantis sp. dan Periplaneta sp.
Abstrak: Saluran pencernaan Mantis sp. dan Periplaneta sp. terbagi menjadi usus depan, usus tengah, dan usus belakang. Usus depan terdiri atas faring, esofagus, tembolok dan proventrikulus. Usus tengah terdiri atas ventrikulus, dan usus belakang terdiri atas kolon dan rektum. Pada pertengahan usus depan dan usus tengah ditemukan rumbai yang disebut gastrik sekum berjumlah 6 pada Mantis sp. dan 8 pada Periplaneta sp. Rata-rata panjang total saluran pencernaan Mantis sp. dari anterior hingga posterior adalah 5,35 cm dengan panjang usus depan 69%, usus tengah 12%, dan usus belakang 19%. Rata-rata panjang total saluran pencernaan Periplaneta sp. adalah 4,55 cm dengan panjang usus depan 42%, usus tengah 27%, dan usus belakang 31%. Untuk mengamati struktur histologi saluran pencernaan digunakan metode parafin dengan pewarnaan HE. Sel epitel penyusun jonjot usus terdiri atas sel epitel kolumnar dan sel epitel kubus. Pada ventrikulus bagian posterior terdapat membran peritrofik yang berfungsi untuk melindungi sel epitel usus dari gesekan makanan. Pada ventrikulus bagian anterior Mantis sp. terdapat kelenjar sekresi dengan bentuk yang unik, adanya struktur ini kemungkinan untuk memperluas serapan nutrisi.
Keyword: Mantis sp., Periplaneta sp., metode parafin, pewarna HE, histologi

Judul: Struktur Dan Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan  Rayap Kasta Prajurit Neotermes Bosei
Abstrak: Termites are social insects, that consist of reproductives (drone and queen) and nonreproductives (soldiers and workers) caste. Reproductives, soldiers, and nymphs obtain their food from the workers through trophallaxis in term of stomodeal and proctodeal food. Those kind of food had been digested by the workers. Hence, one can assume that there are differences on termite alimentary canal for each caste. The aim of this study is to examine the soldier’s alimentary canal of Neotermes bosei. Observations and measurements were carried out for the alimentary canal. Those are histology of the gut, the length, perimeter, and area of each canal region. The total length of the alimentary canal from crop to anus is 13.01±1.19 mm, which is divided into 13, 29, and 58% for foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively. Every region of the alimentary canal has different characteristics. Epithelium of the alimentary canal are varies from columnar to transtitional. Ventriculus has regenarative crypts. Oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, and rectum have thick muscular tissue. Proventriculus has thick intima. There is no gastric caeca at the midgut. Area with the largest outer perimeter value is the paunch. There are variations in outer and inner perimeter of the alimentary canal. There are several differences between soldiers and workers alimentary canal, such as muscular tissue thicknest, cells structure and their parameters.
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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