Judul: Studi Unjuk Kerja Mesin Penggilingan Padi di Kandanghaur, Indramayu, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Rice is one of commodity which has an important role as a staple food for Indonesian people. National rice requirement increases by increasing of Indonesian population, so that it is important for increasing national rice production and quality by improving post-harvest handling. Methodology in this research was measurement of rice milling machine performances. The observed parameter were yield drying, drying capacity, husking capacity, polishing capacity, husking efficiency, milling yield and packaging capacities in the process of drying, milling, and packaging. Result of research showed that drying yield of 89.10%, the drying capacity of 0.8 kgm-2/jam, husking capasity of 9.98 kg/min, polishing capacity of 15.48 kg/min, husking efficiency of 93.12%, milling yield of 56.53%, and packaging capacity of 28 sacks/h or 1400 kg/h.
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Judul: Efisiensi Industri Penggilingan Padi, Studi Kasus: Dua Kecamatan di Kabupaten Cianjur, Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Rice is one of the main staple foods in Indonesia. In 2012, Indonesian consumption of rice is high, approximately 139 kilogram per capita per year (Pambudy, 2012). Rice is a political commodity that can be an indicator for national stability. Rice is also an important economic indicator in which, rice price is able to reflect the inflation rate and the minimum income in Indonesia. Rice has an important role for the life of Indonesia’s society. Hence, availability of the rice must be able to be guaranteed. Governmental efforts to keep the availability of rice are done through established policies, ranging from the production, distribution, and consumption of rice. Rice milling industry as an important link in paddy processing into rice is required to contribute provision of national rice in terms of quantity and quality. Performance of rice milling industry needs to be developed and improved (Budiharti, Harsono, & Juliana, 2003). In 2002, the number of the rice milling is 109,000 units. It is dominated by small-scale by 95 percent and the rest is large-scale. The average yield that is produced by small rice milling is still low at only 60 percent, medium rice milling is 64 percent, and large rice milling is 65 percent of each dry milled grain that milled in each rice milling. Generally, small scale rice millings are an investment in the 1960s until 1980s (Sawit, 2011). While in 2008, the number of rice milling is decrease. It is about 108,512 units (Thahir, 2010). Rice milling industry plays an important role in the processing side, is expected to work efficiently and effectively, in order to increasing a national rice production. This is especially with respect to start attainment surplus by 10 million tons of rice in 2014. This is evidenced by milling ratio and quality of rice produced (Nazaruddin, 2012). This study is aimed to describe characteristic and determine relative efficiency of rice milling industry in Gekbrong and Warungkondang, Cianjur Regency, West Java Province. This study used 94 rice millers that selected purposively, which in 44 units are in Gekbrong and 50 units are in Warungkondang by used questionnaire. Data processing was conducted by used output orientated and variable return to scale (VRS) DEA (Data Envelopment Analysis) model. Determination of efficiency was reffered to Koopmans definition. Rice miller was efficient if operates on the frontier (efficiency score/ES equal to one) and achieves zero slack of all variables used. In addition, to overcome the difference between to sub-districts, a comparative analysis was conducted by using statistical Minitab Release 13.20. Mostly, owner of rice millers were male, rice miller business as main job, and ownership of rice miller was private. Rice milling industry was dominated by makloon type. This type offered milling service to consumers and had small x capacity. This study concluded that rice milling industry in study site was inefficient. This study was case study of rice milling industry. So, it could not be generalized to general condition of Indonesian including differences of sample size, observations type, location, and so forth. Further research can uses other method or tools
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Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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