Judul: Pengaruh frekuensi pemberian makanan terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan jelawat ( Leptobarbus hoeveni Blkr. )
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi pemberian makanan terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan jelawat (Leptobarbus hoeveni). Penelitian ini dila- kukan di Instalasi Kolam-Kolam Percobaan Cibalagung, Balai Penelitian Perikanan Air Tawar Bogor dari tanggal 1 Juni sampai dengan 25 Juli 1987. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan adalah pemberian makanan sebanyak tiga, lima dan tujuh kali per hari. Biomas ikan pada tiap-tiap wadah ditimbang seminggu sekali. Laju pertumbuhan harian benih ikan jelawat meningkat dengan meningkatnya frekuensi pemberian makanan dari tiga hingga lima kali per hari, yakni dari 2,25 % menjadi 2,81%, tetapi peningkatan frekuensi pemberian makanan menjadi tu- juh kali per hari menurunkan laju pertumbuhan harian men- jadi 2,57 %. Efisiensi pemberian makanan pun meningkat dari 15,68 % menjadi 20,00 % pada pemberian makanan tiga hingga lima kali per hari, tetapi turun menjadi 17,86 % pada pemberian makanan tujuh kali per hari. Kelangsungan hidup benih ikan jelawat sama untuk ketiga perlakuan, ya- itu sebesar 88,89 %....
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Judul: Pengaruh frekuensi pemberian makanan terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan lele (Clarias batrachus L)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh frekuensi pemberian makanan terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan lele (Clarias batrachus L). Parameter yang diukur adalah kelangsungan hidup, laju pertumbuhan harian individu benih ikan lele dan efisiensi makanan buatan yang diberikan selama penelitian. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Kolam Percobaan Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, Darmaga, Bogor, mulai tanggal 9 Juli sampai 14 Oktober 1986. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga kali ulangan dan tiga perlakuan yang terdiri dari satu, dua dan tiga kali pemberian makanan dalam sehari. Banyaknya makanan yang diberikan disesu- aikan setiap 10 hari sekali berdasarkan bobot ikan lele. Kelangsungan hidup benih ikan lele yang dipelihara tidak berbeda untuk ketiga perlakuan, yaitu rata-rata umum sebesar 99,6 %. Laju pertumbuhan harian individu benih ikan lele meningkat dengan peningkatan frekuensi pemberian makanan dari satu kali sampai tiga kali, yaitu dari 1,43 % sampai 2,76 %. Efisiensi makanan yang diperoleh juga me- ningkat dari 27,81 % sampai 64,28 % dari pemberian ma- kanan satu sampai tiga kali dalam sehari…
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis