Judul: Induksi Keragaman Genetik Lili untuk Merakit Varietas
Resisten terhadap Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lilii secara In vitro
Abstrak: Lily is an important flower for floriculture industries. Up till now planting materials of lily are obtained from import. Therefore, development of mass propagation method of lily is needed. Optimalization culture condition through modification of media containing sugar, light and darkness culture are also important. In other side, inducing genetic variability is urgently done to provide new types of flower that are always needed by market. Induce variability through Gamma irradiation and EMS, in vitro selection using selection media containing fusaric acid (FA) and measure total of saponin contents were conducted in this study. The objectives of the research were to develop in vitro propagation technology of lily and induce their variabilities through Gamma irradiation and EMS mutagen. One of lily variance that are expected to be appeared is the ones that resistant to Fusarium oxysporum. They will be obtained from in vitro selection of lily variance to fusaric acid and analysis of saponin contents. Two types of lily, Asiatic and Orientals lily were used in this study. Planlets lily could be produced using filaments. MS medium containing TDZ 0.1 mgl-1 and Kinetin 0.1 mgl-1 could induced callus on 14 days after culture. MS medium containing TDZ (thidiazuron) 0.2 mgl-1 and Kinetin 0.3 mgl-1 was produce the highest fresh weight of callus. The optimum bulbs formation were achieved on dark culture condition and media containing 45 gl-1 of sugar. MS medium using NAA 2 mgl-1 was induced the highest rooting in lily. The variability of lily increased by application of Gamma irradiation and EMS mutagen. Radiosensitivity of Gamma irradiation depended on the type of lily. Asiatik lily cv. Purple Maroon was more sensitives than Oriental lily cv. Sorbon. Lethal dose (50%) of Asiatic lily cv. Purple Maroon was achieved on 33.49 Gy and 46.68 Gy for Oriental lily cv. Sorbon. The precentage of survival callus was decreased on higher dose of Gamma irradiation. Mutation induction using EMS was not caused lethal concentration yet, but it was influenced for shoots production. The highest concentration of EMS was decreased total number of shoots. Resistance plantlets of fusaric acid (FA) were achieved on in vitro selection, about 36 clones were resistance to FA. In vitro selection was showed that Oriental lily cv. Frutty Pink was more resistant on selected media than Asiatic lily cv. Purple Maroon on the same concentration of FA. Saponin contents of lily which induced by mutagen could be increased and it was could be as indicator for resistance to Fusarium oxysporum. Saponin contents of Asiatic lily cv. Purple Maroon was increased 0.02% and 0.22% for Oriental lily cv. Frutty Pink.
Keyword: 

Judul: Induced mutation by gamma-ray irradiation for the development of superior orchid clones Spathoglottis plicata Blume. Accession Bengkulu
Abstrak: Spathoglottis plicata Blume. is one species of orchids with lower level of genetic diversity, especially in flower color compared to other orchids. S. plicata accession Bengkulu usually produce pink to purple flower with a bright purple stems and flower stalk. The aimed of the research were (1) to find the tissue culture protocols to propagate S. plicata though protocorm like bodies, (2) to induce the genetic diversity of S. plicata accession Bengkulu using gamma irradiation to plantlets, (3) to determine a lethal dose 50% (LD50) for plantlets through gamma irradiation, and (4) to identify genetic variations of orchids S. plicata and its mutants using morphological characters and ISSR markers. The growth and multiplication of protocorm like bodies can be induced by using MS medium supplemented with 50 to 100 ml L-1 coconut water. The best treatment to develope plb into plantlet was MS medium containing of vitamin B5 with addition of 75 ml L-1 coconut water and 2% activated charcoal or MS medium supplemented with 20 μM BA and 2% activated charcoal. Furthermore, MS medium containing of B5 vitamin enriched with 20 μM BA or MS medium containing of vitamin B5 with addition of 75 ml L-1 coconut water was the best treatment for plantlet multiplication. Induced mutation using gamma-ray irradiation to the plbs and plantlets could increase the genetic diversity of S. plicata. Lethal Dose 50% (LD50) of plb survival rate was 47.71 Gy, while LD50 of plantlet survival rate was 50.74 Gy. Gamma-ray irradiation to the plantlet resulted nine potential mutants (0.36%) that be selected by morphological characters of the shape and color of flowers. Morphological characters and ISSR markers can be used to identify the mutants. Clustering analysis by using Unweighted Pair Group Method and Arithmatic Average and Principal Component Analysis of 12 samples and its mutants based on ISSR markers could clearly distinguish the wild type and its mutants. It formed five groups of coefficient similarity at 0.68 with goodness of fit correlation matrix value of 0.91 (very suitable). The grouping of those samples was more accurate and more efficient by using ISSR markers compared to the morphologycal markers. This clustering successfuly separated the wild type and its mutants.
Keyword: 

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf