Judul: Evaluation of the Underwater Photo Transect Method for Assessing the Condition of Coral Reefs
Abstrak: The study to evaluate the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method as an alternative method for assessing the condition of coral reefs has been conducted in Kepulauan Seribu Jakarta in August 2008. The photos were taken at every 1 m interval, along 70 m transect length placed on the substratum parallel with the coastline at 3-5 m depth. Collecting data with other two methods, namely Belt Transect (BT) and Line Intercept Transect (LIT) were also applied at the same transect with UPT method for comparison study. The comparison study among those three methods (BT, LIT and UPT) indicated that the percentage cover for all benthic and substratum (Hard Coral, Dead Scleractinia, Algae, Other Fauna and Abiotic) were not significantly different. On the contrary, the values of hard coral diversity such as the number of species (S), Shannon’s diversity index (H’) and Piellou’s eveness index (J’) were significantly different for three methods. The higher value of S and H was found when BT method was applied, but the higher value of J’ was found when LIT method was applied. MDS analysis shows that the group occured due to the station, not the method. Therefore, even though the values of hard coral diversity were different among three methods, the UPT method could be used to compare the diversity of hard coral among stations. The study on efficiency and accuracy of photo analysis indicated that the technique of selecting 10 sample random point can be used to estimate the hard coral cover, and the technique of selecting 30 sample random point can be used to estimate the coverage of all group of benthic and substratum. Both techniques use photoes with the minimun image area = (40 x 30) cm2 for each frame. If the species of hard coral was recorded, the technique of calculating the area of benthic and substrate must be done based on photoes with the minimum image area = (58 x 44) cm2 Keywords: Underwater Photo Transect, Belt Transect, Line Intercept Transect, condition of coral reefs, coral reefs, photo analysis, transect length per frame. The study on investigation the optimal of transect length indicated that treatment M (1m_1-10&21-30) was the optimal treatment to estimate the hard coral cover, and treatment C(1m_1-50m) was the optimal treatment to estimate the coverage of all group of benthic and substratum. If the species of hard coral was recorded, the treatment C can also be used for comparison study the diversity among all locations of study area. Treatment M (1m_1-10&21-30) use a (2 x 10 m) of transect length where the photoes are taken from frame-1 to frame-10, and frame-21 to frame-30. Treatment C (1m_1-50) use a 50 m of transect length where the photoes are taken from frame-1 to frame-50. The conclusion of this study is: the UPT method can be used as an alternative method for assessing the condition of coral reefs, with three option depend on the objectives of the research, and the various ability of human resources.
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Judul: Keterkaitan Sedimentasi terhadap Kondisi Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Perairan Teluk Lampung Provinsi Lampung
Abstrak: Sedimentation is one of the limiting factor for coral distribution through both the suspended and deposited sediment causing the reduce of light penetration and smothering the polip of coral reefs that can lead to coral death. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of sedimentation with conditions of coral reef ecosystem through observing of the sedimentation rate and analyze community of coral reef. The transects were deployed at the three line series perpendicular wuth an interval of 50 m between the line. Each transect was pleaced at every 10 m along the line. Date within the transect were observed using the underwater camera. The images were analyzed by using CPCe software (Coral Point Count with Excel extensions). Sedimentation rate was measured by a sediment trap using PVC pipe with a diameter of 5 cm and 11.5 cm in height and partition (baffles) cover at the top. Sediment traps were mounted on a 12 mm diameter steel poles at a height of 20 cm from the bottom. Sediment traps were deployed for 20 days, then the recovered sediment was dried in an oven at 60 0C for 24 hours. Sedimentation rate varied between the stations with a range of values from 3.09 to 44.29 mg/cm2/day. The lowest rate of sedimentation was found in Station 7, while the highest was found at Station 1. Sedimentation rates are generally grouped into light untill moderate condition, whereas in some Stations (1, 3, and 6) showed heavy sedimentation rates. The high rate of sedimentation at Station 3 was probably due to close to the mouth of the river. Coral cover ranged from 8.75 to 60.85%, generally showing moderate categories. Severe damages were found in Station 1, 3, and 6 with a dominant form of massive coral, while good categories were found at Station 9 which located in a relatively remote area of influence of the river and dominated by foliose and brancing form. There was a strong indication of relationship sedimentation and coral reefs cover this research area.
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Judul: Sifat fisik dan kandungan Fe Meatloaf yang menggunakan tepung daging sapi sebagai bahan baku
Abstrak: Meatlof merupakan produk yang serupa dengan sosis. Hal yang membedakannya ialah pada meatloaf dilakukan pengisian ke dalam loyang dan dipanggang pada suhu 180 °C selama 30 menit. Meatloaf biasanya terbuat dari daging segar, yang memiliki nilai gizi yang tinggi, baik dari segi nilai biologis, kecernaannya maupun kelengkapan asam aminonya dibandingkan bahan nabati, namun masih dinilai sebagai bahan pangan yang sifatnya perishable (mudah rusak). Pembuatan tepung daging melalui proses freeze drying bertujuan untuk meningkatkan umur simpan dan memudahkan pemanfaatannya dalam pembuatan produk olahan. Penggunaan tepung daging sapi dalam pembuatan meat loaf daging sapi diharapkan menjadi alternatif dalam pemenuhan kebutuhan protein hewani dan menjadi langkah awal untuk inovasi teknologi pembuatan meatloaf daging sapi yang praktis.
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