Judul: Performa Ayam Broiler dengan Penambahan Enzim Penghidrolisis Serat dalam Ransum
Abstrak: Enzim penghidrolisis serat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas campuran berbagai jenis enzim diantaranya selulase, xilanase, beta glukanase, pektinase, dan mananase. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian enzim pada kinerja ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Sebanyak 400 ayam pedaging Ross Strain dibagi menjadi 5 perlakuan dan 8 ulangan, empat jantan dan empat betina. Perlakuan tersebut adalah: R0 = Ransum kontrol (tanpa enzim hidrolisis serat), R1 = Ransum + 0.035% enzim A, R2 = Ransum + 0.025% enzim B, R3 = Ransum + 0.050% enzim B, R4 = Ransum + 0.075% enzim B. Pakan dan air diberikan secara ad-libitum selama 35 hari. Variabel yang diamati adalah konsumsi pakan, berat badan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, dan mortalitas. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA), jika terdapat data yang berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05), maka diuji lanjut dengan Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan enzim penghidrolisis serat dalam ransum tidak berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi pakan, berat badan, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi pakan ayam broiler pada fase finisher dan kumulatif. Penggunaan enzim pada formulasi A lebih baik dalam memperbaiki konversi pakan broiler periode starter dibandingkan enzim B. Disimpulkan bahwa penambahan enzim penghidrolisis serat dalam ransum tidak memperbaiki performa ayam broiler.
Keyword: ayam broiler, enzim, penghidrolisis serat, performa

Judul: Evaluasi Penambahan Enzim Pemecah Serat pada Persentase Karkas dan Organ Dalam Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi efek penambahan nzim pemecah serat ke dalam pakan ayam broiler dilihat dari persentase bobot organ dalam, persentase bobot karkas, dan panjang relatif usus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 400 ekor Day Old Chicken (DOC) strain Ross, yang dibagi ke dalam 40 kandang. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) Faktorial 5×2×4. Faktor 1 adalah perlakuan (R0: Pakan kontrol tanpa enzim; R1: Pakan kontrol +0.035% enzim formulasi A; R2: Pakan kontrol +0.025% enzim formulasi B; R3: Pakan kontrol +0.050% enzim formulasi B; R4: Pakan kontrol +0.075% enzim formulasi B) dan faktor 2 adalah jenis kelamin (jantan dan betina). Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA, jika pada analisis ANOVA didapatkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0.05), maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa R1 nyata menurunkan persentase bobot ileum sebesar 0.66% bobot hidup. Interaksi terjadi pada panjang relatif duodenum dan panjang relatif sekum dengan R4 nyata menurunkan panjang relatif duodenum pada ayam jantan dan R0 nyata menurunkan panjang relatif sekum pada ayam jantan. Simpulan, penambahan enzim pemecah serat pada pakan ayam broiler tidak berpengaruh pada persentase bobot karkas dan persentase bobot organ dalam kecuali ileum.
Keyword: broiler, enzim pemecah serat, karkas, organ dalam

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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