Judul: Rancang Bangun Machine Vision untuk Evaluasi Keragaan Benih Bawang Merah dari True Shallot Seed (TSS) pada Lingkungan  Terkendali
Abstrak: Evaluasi keragaan benih bawang merah memainkan peran krusial dalam proses budidaya tanaman, mempengaruhi kualitas dan produktivitas. Fokus penelitian ini adalah merancang sistem machine vision otomatis untuk mengevaluasi keragaan benih bawang merah secara akurat. Penelitian melibatkan beberapa tahapan, termasuk perancangan sistem pemantauan, perangkat semaian, persiapan persemaian, dan uji kinerja sistem. Dua kamera ditempatkan di bagian atas dan samping baki tanam, terhubung dengan program di Raspberry Pi. Program ini dapat mengolah citra untuk menghitung parameter keragaan benih, seperti jumlah bibit, daun, tinggi daun, dan diameter daun. Evaluasi sistem pada kamera 1 menunjukkan nilai error 2,4% untuk jumlah bibit, sedangkan pada kamera 2, nilai error untuk jumlah daun, tinggi daun, dan diameter daun adalah masing-masing 2,6%, 2,3%, dan 2,7%. Sistem ini berhasil melakukan evaluasi otomatis setiap hari pada jam 10 pagi selama masa persemaian., The evaluation of shallot seed performance is a crucial aspect in the cultivation process, influencing the quality and productivity of the crop. This research focuses on designing an automated machine vision system to accurately assess the performance of shallot seeds. The study involves several stages, including the design of a monitoring system, seeding devices, seedling preparation, and performance testing of the monitoring system. Two cameras are positioned at the top and side of the planting tray, connected to a program on a Raspberry Pi. This program processes images to calculate parameters such as the number of seedlings, leaves, leaf height, and leaf diameter. The evaluation results from camera 1 show an error rate of 2.4% for the number of seedlings, while on camera 2, the error rates for the number of leaves, leaf height, and leaf diameter are 2.6%, 2.3%, and 2.7%, respectively. The system successfully conducts automated evaluations every day at 10 AM during the seedling period.
Keyword: machine-vision, monitoring, raspberry-pi, true shallot seed

Judul: Technoeconomy Analysis of Shallot Seedling Production from TSS (True Shallot Seed) with LCAC (Low Cost Aeroponic Chamber) Technology
Abstrak: Budidaya bawang merah umumnya menggunakan umbi bawang merah dibandingkan dengan benih bawang merah. Padahal penggunaan benih bawang merah sebagai bibit tanaman bawang merah memiliki kelebihan lebih dari umbi. Namun kelemahan True Shallot Seed (TSS) adalah penambahan waktu budidaya yaitu 40 hari untuk proses semai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kelayakan usaha pembenihan TSS dan keunggulan TSS dibandingkan dengan umbi bawang merah. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan skenario skala produksi 200, 500, 1000 baki, dan 1 juta benih dengan jadwal produksi 3 siklus per tahun dan 6 siklus per tahun. Analisis kelayakan menunjukkan bahwa investasi pembenihan bawang merah dengan TSS layak dilakukan. Perhitungan analisis finansial pada setiap skala dan jadwal produksi menghasilkan NPV (Net Present Value) berkisar Rp4.750.650 sampai Rp822.448.953, IRR (Internal Rate Return) 9,87% sampai 65,4% di atas tingkat diskonto yang digunakan sebesar 6%, Net B/C (Benefit per Cost) Ratio 1,12 sampai 2,24 dan investasi awal akan kembali kepada investor dalam kisaran 1,28 sampai 5,23 tahun setelah produksi dimulai., Shallot cultivation generally uses shallot bulbs compared to shallot seeds. The use of shallot seeds as shallot plant seeds has more advantages than bulbs. Whereas the weakness of TSS (True Shallot Seed) is the addition of cultivation time, which is 40 days for the seedling process. The purpose of this study was to analyze the feasibility of TSS seedling and the advantages of TSS compared to shallot bulbs. This study used scenario design of production scales of 200, 500, 1000 trays, and 1 million seeds with production schedules of 3 cycles per year and 6 cycles per year. The feasibility analysis showed that the investment in shallot seedling with TSS was feasible. Financial analysis calculations at each scale and production schedule resulted NPV (Net Present Value) ranging from 4.750.650 IDR to 822.448.953 IDR rupiah, IRR (Internal Rate Return) 9,87% to 65,4% above the discount rate used of 6%, the Net B/C (Benefit per Cost) Ratio was 1,12 to 2,24 and the initial investment will return to investors in the range of 1,28 to 5,23 years after production begins.
Keyword: bawang merah, low cost aeroponic chamber, teknoekonomi, true shallot seed, shallot, technoeconomy

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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