Judul: Usaha penanggulangan mastitis pada sapi perah yang disebabkan oleh escherichia coli (Coliform Mastitis)
Abstrak: Usaha penanggulangan mastitis merupakan tantangan yang besar. Walaupun langkah-langkah praktis untuk pengawasan mastitis telah dikembangkan, namun langkah-langkah tersebut kurang efektif untuk melawan coliform-mastitis, terutama yang disebabkan oleh Escherichiau.
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Judul: Permasalahan dan penanggulangan mastitis pada sapi perah
Abstrak: Mastitis merupakan peradangan pada ambing yang disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor. Ensminger (1980) membagi mastitis berdasarkan kausa menjadi mastitis infeksius yang di sebabkan oleh mikroorganisme dan mastitis noninfeksius yang antara lain disebabkan oleh trauma. Mikroorganisme ini sebagian besar terdapat dilingkungan seperti kandang, air dan tubuh hewan, yang masuk kedalam ambing melalui ductus lactiferus yang merupakan suatu saluran penghubung antara si nus lactiferus dengan lingkungan luar atau masuk secara hematogen (Ressang, 1984). Pada prinsipnya mikroorganisme penyebab mastitis ini dipindahkan melalui lap pembersih ambing, tangan pemerah, mangkok mesin pemerah atau melalui "Canule Teat" yang kurang hygienes serta ambing yang selalu berkontak dengan alas kandang yang terkontaminasi. - Berdasarkan derajat peradangan dan lamanya penyakit, mastitis dibagi menjadi mastitis per-akut, mastitis akut, mastitis sub-akut, mastitis sub-klinis dan mestitis kronic (Honre, 1979). ...
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell