Judul: Daya Terlma Dan Nilai Gizi Biskuit Terfortlfikasi Zat Besi Dengan Penambahan Tepung Ikan Selar (Caranx sp)
Abstrak: Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah mengetahui daya terima dan nilai gizi biskuit terfortifikasi zat besi dengan penambahan tepung ikan selar. Tujuan khusus penelitian adalah mengetahui kandungan gizi tepung ikan selar yang meliputi kadar air, lemak, protein, abu, dan zat besi; mempelajari formula penambahan tepung ikan selar yang masih qapat diterima dalam pembuatan biskuit terfortifikasi zat besi; mengetahui daya terima biskuit terfortifikasi zat besi dengan penambahan tepung ikan selar (biskuit ikan) dan dengan penambahan rasa (biskuit rasa); mempelajari pengaruh penyimpanan terhadap daya terima dan kandungan gizi (kadar air, lemak, protein, abu, karbohidrat zat besi dan bilangan peroksida) biskuit terfortifikasi zat besi dengan penambahan tepung ikan selar (Caranx.sp) dan rasa (biskuit ikan dengan rasa terpilih).
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Judul: Pengayaan Biskuit dengan Tepung Daging Ikan
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tingkat substitusi tepung daging ikan terhadap tepung terigu yang tepat dalam pembuatan biskuit, mengetahui mutu organoleptik, kimia, fisik, dan mikroba biskuit yang diperkaya tepung daging ikan, serta mengetahui daya simpan biskuit yang dikemas dengan plastik polypropylene dan aluminium foil yang dilaminasi LDPE. Pene1itian dilakukan di Instalasi Penelitian Perikanan Laut, Slipi, Jakarta, dari bulan Juni sampai November 1996. Bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ikan Cunang (Congresox talabon), ikan Kembung (Rastrelliger sp), serta bahan-bahan untuk pembuatan biskuit. Bahan-bahan lainnya adalah bahan-bahan untuk analisis kimia seperti H2S04 pekat, NaOH 10%, petrolium eter, serta bahan bahan untuk analisis mikrobiologi seperti Nutrien Agar (NA), NaCl, dan Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Alat-alat yang digunakan antara lain oven, tanur, spektrofotometri, dan Aw-meter. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk menentukan tingkat substitusi tepung daging ikan terhadap tepung terigu yang masih dapat diterima panelis, serta penentuan biskuit dengan pengkayaan salah satu jenis tepung daging ikan yang lebih disukai pane1is. Pada. penelitian utama diambil biskuit dengan ~tingkat substitusi terpilih pada penelitian pendahuluan, kemudian dikemas dengan 2 jenis bahan pengemas, dan disimpan pada suhu kamar, serta diamati perubahan mutunya setiap 2 minggu selama 3 bulan. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kandungan gizi biskuit (kadar air, kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar abu, dan kadar karbohidrat), sifat kirnia biskuit (daya cerna protein in vitro, TBA), sifat fisik biskuit (Nilai Aw, , densitas kamba, kelarutan dalam air, dan absorpsi air), uji mikroba (total koloni bakteri dan total kapang), uji organoleptik (rupa, wama, bau, rasa, dan tekstur). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Percobaan Faktorial 2 faktor, dengan rancangan dasar RAL. Data hasil analisis sifat fisik, kirnia, dan mikroba diuji dengan sidik ragam (ANOV A), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan Multiple Range Test. Data hasil uji organoleptik dianalisis menggunakan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan uji lanjut Perbandingan Berganda Kruskal-Wallis.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite