Judul: Variasi Regional dalam Pola Makan Monyet Ekor Panjang dan Faktor Ekologi yang Mempengaruhinya
Abstrak: Dietary composition and activity budgets are important aspects of primate ecology, and habitat quality often affects them and makes a regional variation in the behavior of target species. This study describes the variations in activity budgets and dietary habits of free-ranging long-tailed macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in original habitats through a web-based survey. Then, the relationships between the behavioral aspects and geographical/ environmental variables were analyzed using Spearman’s rank correlation. Activity budgets of the macaques were stable regardless of the habitats, except for social behavior which showed a positive correlation with elevation. Percentages of primary foods (fruits, seeds, flowers, and leaves), on the other hand, were stable across habitats, while of non-primary foods (fungi, soil, and others) showed negative relationships with temperature. In several study sites, percentages of anthropogenic diets were remarkably higher. The lack of regional variations in activity and primary dietary composition is likely due to higher food availability in the tropical habitat, which is contrasting to those in the macaques inhabiting temperate regions that show drastic behavioral plasticity in response to regional variation in food environment. Percentage of fungi and soil showed positive relationship with human population, which is likely to contribute to neutralize nutritional compounds obtained from anthropogenic foods.
Keyword: Activity budgets, Daily Behavior, Feeding Behavior, Food habits, Food Preference, Meta-analysis, Regional variation

Judul: Dietary Variation of Long Tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) in Telaga Warna, Bogor, West Java
Abstrak: Genus Macaca, anggota dari sub-famili Cercopithecinae, merupakan primata non manusia yang tersebar luas di negara-negara Asia. Habitat mereka sangat mempengaruhi variasi makanan dari suatu populasi. Variasi makanan pada monyet merefleksikan plastisitas ekologi untuk beradaptasi dengan perbedaan keberadaan dan kelimpahan makanan. Monyet bersifat plastis dalam mengambil makanan apapun yang tersedia di daerah jelajah mereka. Pada penelitian ini, saya menunjukkan variasi makanan dari monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) pada hutan hujan dataran tinggi di Telaga Warna. Monyet ekor panjang di Telaga Warna terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, kelompok A (43 individu) dan kelompok B (20 individu). Kedua kelompok monyet tersebut mengunjungi taman wisata alam, namun saya hanya mengamati kelompok A. Saya menggunakan dua metode pengamatan, scan dan ad libitum. Saya mengamati tujuh kategori tingkah laku, yaitu pergerakan, makan, istirahat, bermain, telisik dan kawin. Persentase aktivitas yang paling besar (pergerakan, makan dan istirahat) berhubungan dengan aktivitas makan. Monyet ekor panjang bergerak ke tempat-tempat yang menyediakan banyak jenis makanan di daerah jelajah mereka. Saya mencatat nama-nama individu yang makan dan jenis makanan yang mereka makan pada pengamatan aktivitas makan. Proporsi makanan alami mereka lebih besar dari pada makanan tambahan dari manusia. Makanan alami terdiri atas 29 spesies tumbuhan dan beberapa lumut yang belum teridentifikasi. Frekuensi mereka memakan makanan tambahan dari manusia dipengaruhi oleh pengunjung yang datang dengan membawa makanan. Pada situs ini, monyet belajar bahwa kunjungan turis identik dengan makanan.
Keyword: dietary variation, high altitude rain forest, Macaca, Macaca fascicu-laris

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition