Judul: The Effect of Humic Substance, Organic Matter, and Lime Ameliorant Application on the Growing of Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens) in Ex-Coal Mining Batulicin Mine South Kalimantan
Abstrak: One of the efforts to support the succesfully of ex-coal mining reclamation is improving land quality and choosing oppropiate plants. The application of humic substance to replace organic matter function is still limited. Koro Benguk (Mucuna pruriens) is one of a land cover crops which usually used on ex-coal mining. This plant is tolerant on acid soil, fast growing, high biomass, decomposed easily, and has a function as conservation plant which can reduce erosion. This research was aimed to study the effect of amelioran humic substances, organic matter, and lime ameliorant application on the growing of Koro Benguk and soil physical-chemical properties in ex-coal mining PT. Arutmin Indonesia, Batulicin Mine, South Kalimantan. Research has been done experimentally using descriptive analysis. This research consist of 9 treatments as follows: humic substances with dosage 2.5 l/ha; 5 l/ha; 7.5 l/ha; liming with dosage 3.45 ton/ha (50% Al-dd ); 6.9 ton/ha (100% Al-dd); lime with dosage 3.45 ton/ha (50% Al-dd) + humic substances 5 l/ha; lime with dosage 6.9 ton/ha (lime 100% Al-dd) + humic substances 5 l/ha dosage; organic fertilizer 100 ton/ha and control. All this treatments were repeated three times. The parameters which were used in this research are fresh weight and dry weight pf Koro Benguk 3.5 month after planting. Soil analysis was conducted in laboratory of Physical Land Resources Development and laboratory of Soil Physics and Conservation, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed that application of humic substances gave the significanly increase of Koro Benguk plant biomass substantially 48.53 kg fresh weight and 11.81 kg dry weight, but was not significantly different on physicschemical properties. Liming application gave an effect on pH increased from 4.21 to 5.40 and decreasing Al from 10.17 me/100g to 0.29 me/100g. Organic fertilizer increasing C-organic from 0.16% to 0.96% and Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) from 7.67 me/100g to 10.27 me/100g. Organic matter treatment decrease bulk density from 1.46 g/cm3 to 1.19 g/cm3.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan bahan humat dan abu terbang untuk reklamasi lahan bekas tambang
Abstrak: Open pit coal mining activities consist of land clearing, removal and placement of top soil, removal and dumping of overburden, and coal getting. Those activities have some impact on landscape changes and degradation of soil. Therefore, reclamation of ex-mining area is needed to improve post mining land become a stable and productive land. Impact of open pit coal mining generally are decreasing of soil characteristics such as declining of soil pH, soil nutrients, and soil organic matter. Improvement of the soil can be done by application of soil amendments. One of alternatives for soil amendment that available in the field is fly ash. Having high pH and nutrients, fly ash can be used to increase soil pH and source of soil nutrients. However most of K, Na, Ca and Mg in fly ash are still bounded in oxide bonding. Humic subtances may be used for increasing of the release of nutrients in fly ash. Humic subtances have polyelectrolite macromolecules such as carboxyl and OH-fenolic that can stimulate for releasing nutrients in fly ash. The objectives of this research are studying influence of humic subtances and fly ash on plant growth, absorption of the plant, and soil chemical characteristics. This research was conducted on February to July 2009 in nursery and post mining land at Sangatta Region, PT Kaltim Prima Coal, East Kutai Regency, East Kalimantan. The experiment was conducted in two locations i.e. first experiment in nursery area using Completely Randomize Design with 2 factors; humic subtances dosages (0,00; 0,075; and 0,15 ml/polybag) and fly ash dosages (0; 200; dan 400 g/polybag). Albazia falcataria and Shorea parvifolia Dyer are use as indicator plants. Second experiment was conducted in post mining area using Group Randomize Design with 2 factors, humic subtances dosages (0,000; 0,9375; and 1,875 ml/plant) and fly ash dosages (0,0; 2,5; and 5,0 kg/measurement plot). The plants were planted in three slopes i.e. upper slope, middle slope, and foot slope. The growth and production of plants were measured. Plant analysis was also conducted to evaluate the effect of soil amendments on plant absorption. The soil analysis covers pH, organic matter, N, P-Bray I, exchangeable bases of Ca, Mg, K, Na, exchangeable Al and CEC. The results showed that humic subtances increase the CEC and organic matter of soil while fly ash increases the pH, P and exchangeable bases. Humic subtances and fly ash increase the growth of Albazia falcataria relatively quick than that of Shorea parvifolia Dyer. Humic subtances and fly ash increase the absorption of Ca and Mg by plants. There is a positive correlation between increasing soil nutrients and plant growth as well as plant absorption
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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