Judul: Analysing of Tree Carbon Stock on Green Open Space Area in The Upstream of Kali Bekasi Watershed
Abstrak: The upstream of Kali Bekasi watershed condition plays an important role on the management of Kali Bekasi watershed, Jakarta and Bogor District. The presence of vegetation cover in sufficient area in the Permanent Green Open Space of upstream of Kali Bekasi watershed is crucial in maintaining environmental quality. CO2 sequestration by the presence of vegetation in a landscape is substantial mitigation of climate change. It creates a low carbon society that is needed to get appreciation in environmental services. The objective of study was to analyze structure and species diveristy of stands, to analyze changes of the permanent green open space in upstream of Kali Bekasi watershed, its carbon stocks and their correlation. Observation plots amounting to 161 plots were established in the study site, which were laid out on the upstream of watershed, representing upper, middle and lower parts of the site. Estimation of carbon stocks was calculated by using non-destructive sampling method, using the existing allometric equations. The results of vegetation analysis showed that the level of Shannon-index was low until medium, 0,63 and 3,36 respectively. These species were identified to have high carbon sinks, which is potential to increase carbon stocks and biodiversity conservation. Stand structure in the agroforestry system in the upstream of Kali Bekasi watershed was found closely to natural forest structure. The upstream of Kali Bekasi watershed has 1,63x106 tons carbon stock total equivalent 5,97x106 tons of CO2 uptake. Green open space in a private area (mix-garden, home garden, bamboo garden) most contributed to the total carbon stocks although the average carbon stock was lower than in pine forest and natural forest. The changes in permanent green open space area have the greatest influence on total carbon stocks. Carbon stocks were highly related to the basal areas, but stand density and species diversity has lower correlation to carbon stocks.
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Judul: Analisis cadangan karbon pohon pada lanskap hutan kota di DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: In order to reduce enviromental problem, such as air polutions and increasing of air temperature in DKI Jakarta caused the presence of urban forest is very neccessary. Tree has an inportant role becouse its function as store carbon and most efficient carbon sinks in urban areas. Urban forest in DKI Jakarta has problems in development, beside technical aspects are also affected by the goverment policy. The objectives of research were (1) to analyze tree carbon stock, CO2 sequestration and tree species that have potential of carbon, and (2) to analyze policies that support the development of urban forest. The study was conducted at DKI Jakarta, which was focused on tree urban forests, i.e. University Indonesia (Jakarta Selatan), Srengseng (Jakarta Barat) and PT JIEP (Jakarta Timur). The research location was determined by using purposive sampling method, which is based on the representation of the main functions of the urban forest landscape services. Data was collected through survey method. The selection of respondents was conducted by purposive sampling. Sampling plots determination was done by purposive sampling method. Square plot with a size of 20 m x 20 m is used in this research. Determination of tree biomass is done by non-destructive sampling method and tree carbon stocks by using biomass content formula. CO2 uptake values was determined by using the comparative of relative molecular mass CO2 : 3.67 x carbon stocks. Wood density obtained from the database of wood density of trees world agroforestry. Carbon stock analysis was calculated by using allometric equation and urban policy analysis was executed by Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach. The largest tree carbon stocks were found on UI urban forest was 178.82 ton/ha, Srengseng was 24.04 ton/ha and PT JIEP was 23.64 ton/ha. The largest CO2 uptake generated from UI urban forest was 634.40 ton/ha, Srengseng was 88.15 ton/ha and PT JIEP was 86.76 ton/ha. Factors that affecting the enhancement of carbon stocks, i.e. stem diameter, tree density and the age of the trees. CO2 uptake value resulting from the biggest urban forest UI was 634.40 ton/ha, followed by Srengseng 88.15 ton/ha and PT JIEP 86.76 ton/ha. This information illustrates that in addition for conservation of biodiversity, water uptake and aesthetics landscape, urban forest also has the potential in reducing CO2. Tree of fabaceae family, i.e. Acacia crassicarpa A.Cunn.Ex.Benth, Acacia mangium Willd, Paraserianthes falcataria L, Leucaena leucocephala L, Bauhinia purpurea L, Delonix regia Boj Ex.Hook, Pterocarpus indicus Willd, Erythrina crista-galli L and Abrus precarorius are found that they have biggest contribution for tree carbon stocks in study sites. Policy priorities the supporting the development of urban forest in level factor are increasing of urban forests quality, level actor are government and level alternative are rules evaluation and urban forest expantion.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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