Judul: Penguatan kapasitas lembaga simpan pinjam rukun lestari untuk pemberdayaan masyarakat miskin
Abstrak: Lembaga Simpan Pinjam Rukun Lestari berdiri atas prakarsa kelompok karyawan karyawati RW 04 Dusun Dawukan Desa Sendangtirto, sebagai bentuk keprihatinan atas tidak adanya perhatian dan bantuan pemerintah dalam hal ini pemerintah Desa Sendangtirto terhadap warga miskin di lingkungan RW 04 Dusun Dawukan Desa Sendangtirto. Selama 6 tahun sejak berdiri oktober 1999 kegiatan berkelanjutan, namun lembaga tersebut belum bisa memenuhi harapan anggota dalam meningkatkan tingkat sosial ekonominya sesuai tujuan lembaga dalam menyediakan pinjaman sesuai dengan modal usaha. Tujuan kajian ini adalah teridentifikasi masalah secara partisipatif, temuan permasalahan baik itu hambatan dan potensi selanjutnya dipecahkan bersama melalui Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang difasilitasi oleh pengkaji. Pokok permasalahan adalah lemahnya manajemen lembaga berpengaruh pada tidak optimalnya kinerja pengurus dalam memberikan pelayanan kepada anggota secara maksimal, sehingga kajian pengembangan masyarakat melalui perencanaan program dan strategi di arahkan pada “Penguatan Kapasitas Lembaga Simpan Pinjam Rukun Lestari untuk Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Miskin”. Kondisi lemahnya manajemen lembaga simpan pinjam tersebut disebabkan oleh rendahnya pengetahuan dan kemampuan lembaga dalam pengelolaan usaha, kurangnya modal dalam memenuhi modal usaha, terbatasnya pengelolaan usaha serta kurang adanya kerjasama antara pengurus, anggota, tokoh masyarakat dan instansi terkait. Permasalahan tersebut memunculkan; 1) terbatasnya sumber lembaga dalam menunjang modal usaha yang diharapkan, 2) kurang mampu dalam pengelolaan usaha, 3) pengembangan jaringan kerjasama dan tidak optimalnya kinerja pengurus. Potensi sistem sumber dalam penguatan kapasitas lembaga yang berhasil digali selama penyusunan program dan strategi oleh seluruh peserta antara lain : 1) anggota Rukun Lestari memiliki kemauan untuk merubah nasib untuk mengembangkan lembaga, 2) adanya kepercayaan anggota kepada pengurus, 3) dukungan tokoh masyarakat, 4) dukungan dan fasilitasi pengurus BKM, 5) pemerintah Desa dan fasilitasi dan dukungan dari Dinas P2KPM Kabupaten Sleman. Berdasarkan kegiatan kajian pengembangan masyarakat diketahui partisipasi aktif anggota dalam lembaga sangat diperlukan pada semua level kegiatan dalam perencanaan program, pelaksanaan pengelolaan usaha, monitoring dan evaluasi. Adanya keterlibatan seluruh komponen lembaga simpan pinjam Rukun Lestari baik itu pengurus, anggota, stakeholders dan pihak terkait sesuai kepentingannya, memunculkan sinergi pada pelaksanaan pelayanan pengelolaan usaha simpam pinjam sesuai harapan dan permasalahan yang dirasakan oleh anggota. Selanjutnya keterlibatan/partisipasi anggota akan memunculkan kesadaran dan trust yang dibutuhkan oleh pengurus dalam menjalankan pelayanan, sehingga kegiatan partisipatif pada kegiatan pengembangan masyarakat merupakan kunci keberlanjutan.
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Judul: Pengembangan Keswadayaan Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam Sebagai Strategi Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Studi Kasus di RW IV Kwaluhan, Kelurahan Kertosari, Kabupaten Temanggung, Propinsi Jawa Tengah)
Abstrak: One of poverty caused is the limited accessing to financial resources. Empowerment strategy to overcome limitation access through group approach as Rotating Saving and Credit Assosiation (Kelompok Usaha Simpan Pinjam- KUSP). But that way, caused by management, participate of member and partner in effort factor, KUSP have experienced of resistance in developing capacity of self-help support to fulfill financial need of members. Objective of this study is to extend understanding self-help supporting of KUSP, resistance and support factors of self-help supporting, identify opportunity to develop self-help supporting and compile of strategy can be conducted to develop KUSP. As a result of research show that self-help supporting of KUSP, include administrative, managerial and financial autonomy still require to be developed in order to fulfill member`s need and aspiration. In administrative autonomy aspect: 1) Orientation of programs compiled at interest of leader to lessen risk and refraining from burden and difficulty work; 2) In substance, programs compiled do not cover effort of trouble-shooting and service development. In managerial autonomy aspect: 1) Job description not been done clearly. There are inappropriate between job and manager responsibility; 2) Capacity to repay and it`s interest is have been fluenting; 3) Audit is formality. In financial autonomy aspect show: 1) Sources of asset still limited of elementary and obligatory deposit; 2) Asset growth of KUSP ill assorted with credit requirement member; 3) KUSP have capital deficiency to fulfill credit requirement of members. The resistance factors of self-help supporting are: 1) Lack of motivation, knowledge and manegerial skill; 2) Lack of members participation in objectives and activity determination to develop services; 3) KUSP have any network with government and the financial institution. Opportunity to move forward KUSP can be conducted by: 1) Lingkage building with programs of community development from Badan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Desa (Badan PMD) and Kantor Pelayanan Koperasi dan UKM which conduct of management education and training for credit institution in community; 2) Carrying out saving outside of elementary and obligatory deposit; 3) Change deviden (Sisa Hasil Usaha) pattern from pursuant to amount of deposit become the level of service given by a members to increase of member participate; 4) Build networking with Bank Pasar Temanggung to fulfill the capital requirement. Goal of self-help supporting development program of KUSP is to realize self-reliance, so that can give service to member and community in fulfilling need of economic and social aspect sustainability. It`s reached by applying Verhagen self-help supporting development instrument partisipatively, include identification of participant, partisipatory research and planning, education and mutual training, resources mobilization, management consultation, build networking, movement and extension building, monitoring and self going evaluation.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell