Judul: Aktivitas Antibakteri Lisozim Kering Beku Telur Unggas Lokal Terhadap Bakteri Gram Positif dan Gram Negatif.
Abstrak: Lisozim merupakan komponen bioaktif yang memiliki sifat antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas antibakteri lisozim kering beku unggas lokal terhadap bakteri gram positif dan gram negative. Sampel lisozim kering beku (LKB) yang digunakan yaitu LKB komersial (LKBK), ayam ras (LKBAR), ayam kampung (LKBAK), dan LKB itik Cihateup (LKBIC). Bakteri uji gram positif yang digunakan adalah M. luteus dan S. aureus, sedangkan bakteri gram negatif adalah E. coli. Sampel LKB diberikan pada bakteri uji dengan perbedaan konsentrasi yaitu 0, 8, 16, 32, 64, 125, 250, dan 500 ppm. Nilai absorbansi dari pertumbuhan bakteri uji yang diinkubasi dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya hambat terhadap bakteri uji, baik pada M. luteus, S. aureus, maupun E. coli. Daya hambat masing-masing LKB bersifat fluktuatif pada jenis bakteri dan konsentrasi yang berbeda. Tidak ada LKB yang memberikan penghambatan di bawah 50%. Penghambatan terbaik terdapat pada bakteri uji gram positif (M. luteus dan S. aureus), lebih baik dibandingkan gram negatif (E. coli).
Keyword: absorbansi, aktivitas antibakteri, bakteri patogen, lisozim, pengeringan beku

Judul: Produksi dan Karakterisasi Lisozim Kering Beku dari Putih Telur Unggas Lokal.
Abstrak: Lisozim adalah salah satu protein utama putih telur, yang menyumbangkan 3%-4% dari berat kering putih telur. Penelitian sebelumnya berhasil mengisolasi lisozim putih telur dari telur ayam kampung dan itik cihateup dengan lisozim masih dalam bentuk larutan dan memiliki keterbatasan dalam stabilitas dan portabilitasnya, dengan demikian kemungkinan lisozim diproduksi dalam bentuk kering beku. Penelitian ini bertujuan memproduksi lisozim dan menganalisis karakter kering beku dari telur ayam ras petelur, ayam kampung, dan itik cihateup dari aspek berat molekul, rendemen, aktivitas enzim, dan kadar protein. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil kering beku untuk berat molekul ayam ras petelur, ayam kampung, dan itik cihateup berturut-turut adalah 12.33 kDa, 12.92 kDa, dan 12.47 kDa. Rendemen putih telur sebesar 0.03%, 0.06%, dan 0.01%. Nilai konsentrasi protein lisozim kering beku yaitu 2.63 mg mL-1, 4.62 mg mL-1, dan 3.17 mg mL-1. Hasil aktivitas enzim masing-masing lisozim adalah 0.56x10⁴, 0.76x10⁴, dan 0.64x10⁴. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produksi lisozim kering beku tidak mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas protein lisozim secara signifikan. Terdapat nilai karakteristik lisozim kering beku yang berbeda dari setiap sampel. Hal ini disebabkan bahwa setiap unggas memiliki gen pengkode lisozim yang berbeda, sehingga karakteristik lisozim kering beku pada masing-masing sampel juga berbeda.
Keyword: kering beku, lisozim, telur unggas lokal

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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