Judul: Microbial Status of Milk from the Fore and Rear Udder of Dairy Cows
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kualitas mikrob susu yang berasal dari bagian depan dan belakang ambing sapi perah dari peternakan Cijeruk, Bogor dan peternakan Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur. Sampel susu berasal dari bagian depan dan belakang ambing dari 24 ekor sapi perah dalam masa laktasi normal. Total sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 48 sampel. Kualitas mikrob susu yang diamati, antara lain Total Plate Count (TPC), jumlah Enterobacteriaceae, dan jumlah S. aureus. Penghitungan jumlah mikrob menggunakan metode hitungan cawan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata TPC susu dari ambing depan sebesar 1,6x105 ± 5,1x105 CFU/mL dan ambing belakang sebesar 2,0x105 ± 9,2x105 CFU/mL, jumlah Enterobacteriaceae susu dari ambing depan sebesar 5,8x102 ± 2,1 x 103 CFU/mL dan ambing belakang sebesar 1,5x102 ± 4x102 CFU/mL dan jumlah S. aureus susu dari ambing depan sebesar 7,5x104 ± 2,2x104 CFU/mL dan ambing belakang sebesar 1,0x105 ± 1,0x105 CFU/ml. Penelitian ini menunjukkan kualitas mikrob susu dari ambing bagian belakang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ambing bagian depan. TPC dan jumlah Enterobacteriaceae susu yang berasal dari ambing depan dan belakang sapi perah tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05), sementara jumlah S. aureus susu berbeda nyata (P<0,05). Jumlah S. aureus susu dari ambing belakang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ambing depan. Perbedaan yang nyata dari cemaran S. aureus dalam susu terjadi pada sapi-sapi di daerah perkotaan (Pondok Ranggon), sementara pada sapi-sapi di daerah pedesaan (Cijeruk) tidak terlihat perbedaan yang nyata. The purpose of this study was to analyze the microbiological quality of milk based on the udder of dairy cows from Cijeruk, Bogor and Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta. The sample were quarter milk from the front and rear udder of 24 dairy cows. The total number of samples in this study was 48. Parameters of this study were Total Plate Count (TPC), the number of Enterobacteriaceae, and the number of S. aureus. Microbiological examination using the total plate count method. The results showed, the average TPC of milk from the front and rear udder were 1,6x105 ± 5,1x105 CFU/mL and 2,0x105 ± 9,2x105 CFU/ml, the number of Enterobacteriaceae milk from the front udder were 5,8x102 ± 2,1x103 CFU/mL and the rear udder were 1,5x102 ± 4,0x102 CFU/ml, while the number of S. aureus milk were 7,5x104 ± 2,2x104 CFU/mL (the front udder), and 1,0x105 ± 1,0x105 (the rear udder). TPC and the number of Enterobacteriaceae milk from the front and rear udder of dairy cows did not difference significantly (P>0,05), while the number of S. aureus milk of the rear udder were higher than the front udder and were significantly different (P<0,05). The number of S. aureus in milk from the rear udder of dairy cows from Pondok Ranggon were significantly higher than the front udder, while in dairy cows from Cijeruk were no significant differences.
Keyword: Ambing, Enterobacteriaceae, S. aureus, susu segar, TPC

Judul: Quality of Raw Milk Based on Total Number of Microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae From Dairy Farm in Pondok Ranggon
Abstrak: Susu merupakan produk hasil ternak perah yang bernilai gizi tinggi. Kandungan gizi yang tinggi pada susu memberi peluang bagi perkembangan bakteri, baik yang patogen maupun non patogen. Bakteri dapat menurunkan kualitas susu, sehingga dalam waktu yang sangat singkat susu menjadi tidak layak dikonsumsi bila tidak ditangani dengan tepat dan benar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan data tentang keberadaan jumlah total mikroorganisme, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Enterobacteriaceae serta mengetahui kualitas mikrobiologi susu kandang dan penampungan dari Peternakan Sapi Perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling. Sampel susu kandang diambil dari peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur dan susu penampungan diambil dari TPS, kemudian diuji di Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah Jumlah Total Mikroorganisme/Total Plate Count (TPC), S. aureus, dan Enterobacteriaceae. Pengujian sampel susu yang dilakukan yaitu isolasi, inkubasi, dan perhitungan jumlah koloni bakteri. Kualitas mikroorganisme susu segar di peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon mempunyai rata-rata TPC 4,6 x 106 ± 6,8 x 106 CFU/mL, jumlah cemaran S. aureus 3,0 x 104 ± 7,8 x 104 CFU/mL, dan cemaran Enterobacteriaceae 1,1 x 105 ± 2,2 x 105 CFU/mL. Susu segar yang diproduksi dari peternakan sapi perah di Pondok Ranggon belum memenuhi standar Batas Maksimum Cemaran Mikroba (BMCM) yang telah ditetapkan., Milk is a dairy product with high nutrition value. The high nutrition value in milk provides an opportunity for bactery to grow, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic. Bactery can reduce the quality of milk, so that milk becomes unfit for consumption in a very short time if it not handled properly and correctly. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the presence of the total number of microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae and to determine the microbiological quality of bulk milk and shelters from dairy farm Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta. The samples were collected by using simple random sampling method. Bulk milk samples were collected at dairy farm Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta and collected milk at TPS, then tested at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, FKH, IPB. The variables observed in this study were the total number of microorganisms/total plate count (TPC), S. aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Testing of milk samples carried out were isolation, incubation, and calculation of the number of bacterial colonies. The microorganisms quality of raw milk at dairy farm Pondok Ranggon has an average of TPC 4,6 x 106 ± 6,8 x 106 CFU/mL, number of S. aureus 3,0 x 104 ± 7,8 x 104 CFU/mL, and Enterobacteriaceae 1,1 x 105 ± 2,2 x 105CFU/mL. Fresh milk produced from dairy farms in Pondok Ranggon has not met the Maximum Microbial Contamination Limit (BMCM) standard.
Keyword: Enterobacteriaceae, fresh milk, S. aureus, TPC

Judul: Kontraksi pola graf klausa Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan metode knowledge graph
Abstrak: Knowledge graph is a new method of knowledge representation. In principle, knowledge graph consists of concept and relationship. There are already rules of constructing wordgraphs of noun, verb, adverb, adjective, preposition, and phrase. However to be able to represent the meaning of Indonesian text we still need other rules to represent clause and sentence. This research is mainly focused on constructing a subordinative clause graph and building rules of subordinative clause graph formation. In this research, subordinative clause is classified by analyzing the subordinative relationship (time, condition, if-relation, purpose, consessive, resemblace, because-relation, result, way-relation, tool-relation, complementation, attributive, equative, and comparative) and the structure of clause (the combination of subject, predicate, object, complement, and description). After the result of constructing subordinative clause graph is analyzed and formulated, the subordinative clauses are classified based on the same conjunction graph pattern and clause structure graph pattern, and we get 13 conjunction graph patterns and 48 clause structure graph patterns for subordinative clause in Indonesian.
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