Judul: Produksi Pupuk Organik dari Pengolahan Limbah Ruminansia Besar di Rumah Pemotongan Hewan dengan Cacing Tanah
Abstrak: Slaughterhouse waste can give a negative effect on the environmental balance. Therefore, the processing of waste into a product needs to be done, such as vermicompost product. This study aimed to analyze the potential for the production of organic fertilizer from slaughterhouse waste treatment by earthworms as decomposer. In addition, this study also to analyze the potential for the application in the field of agriculture and plantation. This study was done in Perwira Street No 89, Dramaga, Bogor. The data used in this research was primary and secondary data which includes earthworms maintenance data, statistical data of the number of cattle slaughtered in slaughterhouse, palm plantation area in smallholder plantations and large plantation area, and rice harvested area. Traits measured were earthworm population, the number of slaughterhouse waste, the amount of organic fertilizer, and organic fertilizer needs of palm and rice. ARIMA modeling performed to obtain the curve of the rate of production of organic fertilizers and regression analysis was for get the equation of organic fertilizer needs of palm year-1. The results showed that the faeces and rumen contents of cattle in slaughterhouses throughout Indonesia is able to produce 43 107.84 tonnes in 2013 and worms capable of producing 1 436.93 tons of biomass earthworms and vermicompost and 28 020.09 tonnes. Vermicompost production of slaughterhouse waste in 2013-2014 was much lower than the needs of oil palm plantations, but is able to fill about 50% of the field.
Keyword: earthworm, organic fertilizer, palm, rice

Judul: Productivity of Earthworms Type Lumbricus rubellus with Mustard Green Waste and Papaya Waste
Abstrak: Budidaya cacing dapat mengatasi masalah pencemaran lingkungan melalui pemanfaatan limbah pasar sebagai pakan cacing tanah. Sampah pasar yang banyak dijumpai adalah sampah sayur dan sampah buah. Pakan dari limbah pasar dapat menekan biaya produksi dalam budidaya cacing tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh pemberian pakan dari limbah sayur sawi dan buah pepaya terhadap produktivitas cacing tanah Lumbricus rubellus, produksi vermikompos, serta nilai ekonomi budidaya. Penelitian ini mengunakan eksperimen dengan rancangan acak lengkap, empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap bobot badan cacing, panjang badan cacing, dan produksi vermikompos. Bobot badan cacing tanah tertinggi pada perlakuan pakan dengan limbah pepaya (P400) sebesar 1,108 ± 0,128 g, panjang badan cacing tertinggi pada perlakuan P400 (9,367 ± 0,446 cm), dan produksi vermikompos yang menghasilkan degradasi limbah tertinggi pada perlakuan P400 (45,62%). Pemanfaatan limbah pepaya memberikan hasil yang terbaik terhadap pertambahan bobot badan dan panjang badan L. rubellus. Budidaya cacing tanah dapat memberikan nilai ekonomis dengan menghasilkan cacing tanah dan vermikompos., Worm cultivation can overcome environmental pollution problems through the use of market waste as feed for earthworms. Market waste that is often found is vegetable waste and fruit waste. Feed from market waste can reduce production costs in earthworm cultivation. This research was an experiment with completely randomized design, four treatments and three replications. The research aims to investigative the effect of feed with mustard green waste and papaya waste on the productivity of L. rubellus earthworms, vermicompost production, and economic value of cultivation. The results showed that the treatment had a significant (P<0,05) effect on body weight, body length, and vermicompost production. The highest body weight of the earthworm was in treatment with papaya waste (P400) of 1,108 ± 0,128 g, the highest body length of earthworm was in treatment P400 (9,367 ± 0,446 cm), and vermicompost production which resulted in highest waste degradation in treatment P400 (45,62%). The use of papaya waste gives the best result on body weight gain and body length of L. rubellus. Earthworm cultivation can provide economic value by producing earthworms and vermicompost.
Keyword: cow dung, Lumbricus rubellus, mustard green waste, papaya waste

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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