Judul: Aktivitas Antibakteri dan Antioksidan Rusip yang difermentasi dengan Starter Bakteri Asam Laktat Probiotik Asal Bekasam.
Abstrak: Rusip adalah salah satu produk fermentasi ikan. Proses pembuatan rusip secara tradisional yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat belum memiliki standar sehingga memiliki kelemahan yaitu mutu produk yang tidak seragam. Salah satu upaya meningkatkan mutu produk yaitu dengan penambahan kultur starter bakteri asam laktat. Starter pada rusip sejauh ini hanya menggunakan satu jenis bakteri asam laktat. Penggunaan starter tunggal umumnya mempunyai resiko yang tinggi karena kondisi harus optimum sehingga untuk mengurangi kegagalan dapat digunakan starter campuran. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mempelajari pengaruh penambahan kombinasi starter terhadap perubahan kimiawi dan mikrobiologis rusip, menentukan kombinasi starter terbaik dan menguji aktivitas rusip terpilih sebagai antibakteri dan antioksidan. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui empat tahap, yaitu 1) persiapan kultur starter Lactobacillus plantarum SK(5), L. plantarum NS(5), dan L. plantarum NS(9); 2) preparasi bahan baku; 3) pembuatan rusip dengan penambahan starter, garam dan gula aren masing-masing 5% dan difermentasi selama 8 hari; dan 4) karakterisasi produk rusip terpilih. Selama proses fermentasi, jumlah total mikroba mengalami kenaikan di hari kedua pada perlakuan L. plantarum SK(5) dengan NS(5) dan L. plantarum NS(5) dengan NS(9) sedangkan L. plantarum NS(9) dengan SK(5) mengalami kenaikan sampai hari keenam. Total bakteri asam laktat berkisar 8.84-9.24 log cfu/g. Peningkatan total asam laktat pada rusip terjadi seiring dengan penurunan nilai pH selama fermentasi. Nilai total asam tertinggi 3.98±0.15% dengan pH terendah 4.22±0.02 pada perlakuan terpilih L. plantarum SK(5) dan NS(5) selama delapan hari fermentasi. Rusip perlakuan terpilih mengandung kadar air 75.00±0.31%, kadar abu 7.58±0.06%, lemak 1.41±0.23% dan protein 11.13±0.06%. Rusip mengandung 12.37 g/100g asam amino dan 57.93% asam lemak. Ekstrak etil asetat rusip memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap E. coli pada konsentrasi 60 mg/mL dengan zona hambat 6.80±0.5 mm dan terhadap S. aureus pada konsentrasi 80 mg/mL dengan zona hambat 3.05±0.5 mm. Rusip juga mengandung aktivitas antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 4 514.792±1 784.829 μg/mL.
Keyword: antibakteri, antioksidan, bakteri asam laktat, probiotik, rusip

Judul: Karakterisasi rusip dengan konsentrasi starter Lactobacillus plantarum (SK 5) yang berbeda
Abstrak: usip adalah produk fermentasi khas Bangka dan Lampung yang dibuat secara tradisional tanpa starter. Produk fermentasi tanpa starter memiliki kelemahan, sehingga perlu penambahan starter. Salah satu starter yang dapat digunakan adalah Lactobacillus plantarum (SK 5). Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menentukkan karakteristik kimia dan mikrobiologi rusip dengan konsentrasi starter Lactobacillus plantarum (SK 5) yang berbeda. Hasil komposisi kimiawi rusip yang meliputi kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar air dan kadar abu nilainya cenderung sama pada kedua konsentrasi starter. Asam amino bebas menunjukkan rusip dengan konsentrasi starter 5% memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi. Kandungan nilai total asam lemak rusip menunjukkan rusip konsentrasi starter 10% memiliki nilai yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan rusip dengan starter 5%.
Keyword: Fatty acid, free amino acid Lactobacillus plantarum (SK 5), , rusip,

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite