Judul: Synthesis of Chicken Eggshells-Based β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics and Their Biocompatibility Test as A Tooth Filler
Abstrak: Preservation of alveolar bone following tooth extraction is an important step in dental practices before dental implant placement. This study reported synthesis of β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics and its biocompatibility test as a tooth filler to maintain the desired alveolar ridge dimension and stimulate the bone healing processes in the area of tooth loss. β-TCP bioceramics was resulted directly from precipitation of calcinated chicken eggshells as calcium source and phosphoric acid. The corresponding β-TCP was mixed with chitosan 2% to get β-TCP pellet for biocompatibility testing. Biocompatibility testing of β-TCP on lower incisor was performed in rabbits and sheep as animal model. In this study, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles showed that 1000 oC calcinated chicken eggshells correspond to calcium oxide (CaO). There was also transformation phase of CaO into Ca(OH)2 observed after more than three months stored. The XRD profiles proved that obtained β-TCP bioceramics by precipitation has the same pattern with that of reference data base and commercial β-TCP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were completely consistent with the result of crystallization processes observed by XRD measurements. Moreover, the purity of the product shown by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) resulted in Ca/P ratio of 1.48 which was closed to that of standard β-TCP ceramics. The repeatable XRD peaks patterns and FTIR spectra obviously showed the sample reproducibility. Sheep’s alveolar socket that is filled with the corresponding β-TCP demonstrated the expected results. The x-ray radiograph of sheep’s jaw indicated no change on mesio-distal of the edentulous area. Moreover, the histological results were completely consistent with the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic result which is proved by the formation of new bone. In the contrary with sheep’s result, histological results showed no tooth growth on rabbit proved by the presence of lipid and collagen on the extraction site. This result did not correspond to the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic results that demonstrated the tooth growth and erupted tooth. It is clear that the corresponding β-TCP could minimize the bone loss and maintain the dimension of alveolar ridge.
Keyword: β-tricalcium phosphate, chicken eggshells, rabbit, sheep, tooth filler

Judul: Study of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Ceramics and HA-Chitosan Composite Implanted into Sheep’s Bone
Abstrak: Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) biomaterials are recognized as biodegradable, bioresorbable, and osteoconductive material and, therefore, it is suitable for filling bone defects to aid regeneration process of new bone tissue. This study aimed to synthesize BCP ceramics by precipitation method and observe bone growth using BCP ceramics and HA-Chitosan composite implanted into sheep’s bone. BCP ceramics was prepared by precipitation of Na2HPO4.2H2O which was dropped by CaCl2.2H2O at temperature 700C with various molar ratios and various volume of solution. Molar ratio of Ca and P was variated approximately 0.2M:0.2M and 0.334M:0.2M while various volume of solution was 50 ml and 100 ml. BCP ceramics was formed which was indicated by mass of precipitate and the result showed that sample with greater molarity of Ca was resulting in bigger mass precipitate. It showed that higher molarity of Ca/P tends to be more mass precipitate. The X-Ray Diffraction results showed that BCP 100 ml with molar ratio Ca/P about 0.334M:0.2M had the expected characteristics of implant material for in vivo experiment into sheep’s bone. Moreover, it showed the consistency of sample which indicates that it was a reproducible biomaterial. This result was also supported by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) characterization. In vivo study of BCP ceramics and HA-Chitosan composite showed that bone recovery without bone graft (control) was more complete than that with BCP and HA-Chitosan bone grafts. Based on pathological evaluation, the results indicated that BCP ceramics was biodegradable and bioresorbable but less osteoconductive. In the contrary, HA-chitosan composite was not biodegradable and bioresorbable but more osteoconductive. Moreover, BCP bone graft was more readily resorbed by the body than HAChitosan. Resorption of HA-Chitosan bone graft was very slow but new tissue growth was faster than that of BCP bone graft. In contrary, resorption of BCP bone graft was very fast but new tissue growth was very slow.
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Judul: Struktur dan Variabilitas Arus di Laut Sulawesi
Abstrak: Laut Sulawesi merupakan salah satu pintu masuk Arus Lintas Indonesia (Arlindo) yang membawa 15 juta meter kubik per detik massa air hangat dari Samudra Pasifik ke Samudra Hindia melalui berbagai laut dan selat Indonesia. Pola sirkulasi di basin Sulawesi masih belum dipahami secara baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan pola sirkulasi, struktur menegak arus, serta variabilitas arus dan koherensi antara fluktuasi arus-masuk dengan arus-keluar. Metode analisis data deret waktu digunakan untuk menganalisis data keluaran model sirkluasi laut dari konfigurasi INDESO tahun 2007-2012. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola arus di Laut Sulawesi dicirikan oleh suatu lintasan sumbu utama arus kuat yang mengalir dari pintu masuk sisi timur laut ke arah barat daya, yang membentur sisi Kalimantan, kemudian berbelok ke arah tenggara dan masuk ke Selat Makassar. Lintasan arus utama ini sebagai pangkal dari Arlindo. Di sisi utara dan selatan dari lintasan arus utama terbentuk pusaran siklonik (wilayah utara) dan pusaran anti-siklonik (wilayah selatan). Struktur vertikal arus dicirikan oleh intensifikasi arus maksimum sekitar 60 cm/detik pada kedalaman 75 m – 300 m (kedalaman termoklin). Fluktuasi arus bervariasi dalam rentang periode skala intra-musiman, tahunan, dan antar-tahunan. Spektrum densitas energi signifikan terdapat variasi intra-musiman. Terdapat koherensi yang signifikan antara arusmasuk (komponen zonal) dengan arus-keluar (meridional) pada skala-waktu intramusiman
Keyword: Sulawesi Sea, NEMO Model Output, INDESO Configuration, Time Series Analysis