Judul: Upaya Penanggulangan Kondisi Hiperkolesterolemia dengan Berbagai Komponen Bioaktif
Abstrak: Hiperkolesterolemia merupakan salah satu faktor risiko utama penyakit kardiovaskular, masalah kesehatan penyebab kematian nomor satu di dunia. Upaya penanggulangan kondisi hiperkolesterolemia selain dengan mengurangi konsumsi diet kaya kolesterol dan kalori juga dapat dilakukan dengan meregulasi metabolisme kolesterol tubuh dengan berbagai komponen bioaktif antihiperkolesterolemia. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan menyajikan hasil kajian dan analisis mengenai penanggulangan kondisi hiperkolesterolemia dengan berbagai macam komponen bioaktif menurut sumber, efikasi, dan mekanismenya. Studi ini menggunakan metode kajian/studi literatur dengan menelusuri berbagai karya tulis ilmiah daring terkait hiperkolesterolemia dan antihiperkolesterolemia. Hasil studi pustaka menunjukkan bahwa kondisi hiperkolesterolemia merupakan onset terjadinya stres oksidatif yang dapat ditanggulangi dengan antioksidan. Berbagai temuan komponen bioaktif antihiperkolesterolemia memiliki variasi sumber dan efek terhadap profil kolesterol. Komponen bioaktif ini dapat diklasifikasikan menurut mekanisme kerjanya berupa inhibisi absorbsi kolesterol, inhibisi biosintesis kolesterol, peningkatan ekskresi kolesterol, peningkatan transport balik kolesterol, dan peningkatan katabolisme kolesterol. Beberapa komponen bioaktif terlibat dalam mekanisme ganda. Pengembangan berbagai komponen bioaktif tersebut dapat dijadikan alternatif pengobatan hiperkolesterolemia terhadap penggunaan obat-obatan kontemporer yang terbukti memberikan banyak efek samping. Kata kunci: hiperkolesterolemia, komponen bioaktif, stres oksidatif, Hypercholesterolemia is the one of risk factor of cardiovascular disease, the number one health problem cause of death worldwide. The management of hypercholesterolemia beside with reduce cholesterol and calory intake can do either with regulate the cholesterol metabolism with various antihypercholesterolemic bioactive compounds. This literature study aims to presents the result of study and analysis about the management of hypercholesterolemia with various of bioactive compounds. This study have done by searching scientific paper on the online media about hypercholesterolemia and antihypercholesterolemia. The results of study show hypercholesterolemia is an onset for stres oxidative that can be overcome with antioxidant. The findings of antihypercholesteromic bioactive compounds come from various sources with different effects on cholesterol profile. These various bioactive compounds can be classified on its mechanism, they are inhibition of cholesterol absorbtion, inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis, increase of cholesterol excretion, increase of cholesterol reverse transport, and increase the cholesterol catabolism. Some of these bioactive compounds involve in multiple mechanisms. The advancement of these bioactive compounds are needed to make it as the alternative medicine for hypercholesterolemia to handle the side effects that found in contemporary medicines.
Keyword: hiperkolesterolemia, komponen bioaktif, stres oksidatif, bioactive compound, hypercholesterolemia, oxidative stress

Judul: Peran berbagai serat pangan pada perbaikan profil lipid darah mencit hiperkolesterolemia
Abstrak: Dietary fiber is widely used as a functional food and recommended to reduce blood lipid levels to prevent hypercholesterolemia. Agar, carrageenan, and rice bran, are examples of foods with high fiber content. These experiments were designed to study the effects of agar, carrageenan, and rice bran supplementations on blood lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic male mice. The study was divided into three experiments. The first experiment was designed to formulate diet that could induce hypercholesterolemia in male mice as animal models in this study. The second experiment was designed to improve blood lipid profiles of hypercholesterolemic male mice by using agar, carrageenan, and rice bran as sources of dietary fiber. The third experiment was designed to study the effectiveness of dietary fiber as compared to standard drugs in lowering blood lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic male mice. The experiments were conducted at Faculty of Veteriner Medicine, Bogor Agricultural University and Physiology Laboratory, Indonesia University of Education, in January 2011 until March 2012. The parameters measured were body weight, cholesterol concentrations in serum, liver, and feces, serum triglyceride, cholesterol high density lipoprotein (HD-c), cholesterol low density lipoprotein (LDL-c), and glucose concentrations. The first experiment showed that feeding a high-fat diet (12%) for 30 days could produce hypercholesterolemic conditions in male mice. The second experiment showed that supplementation of 18% agar, 46% carrageenan, and 57% rice bran (equivalent to insoluble dietary fiber content of 14%) in hypercholesterolemic mice fed with hypercholesterolemic diets could improve blood lipid profiles. Carrageenan as a source of dietary fiber showed the best effect on improvement of blood lipid profile in hypercholesterolemic male mice as compared to agar and rice bran, as indicated by the lower serum total cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations, higher serum HDL-c concentrations, and higher removal of cholesterol in feces. The third experiment showed that the effects of dietary fiber supplementation by agar, carrageenan and rice bran on lowering blood lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic mice were lower than those of simvastatin and atorvastatin. Carrageenan as a source of functional dietary fiber had a potenstial to decrease LDL-c concentration, to increase HDL-c concentration, and to increase fecal cholesterol excretion with the final reduction in total serum cholesterol concentrations similar to simvastatin and atorvastatin. It was concluded that supplementation of agar, carragenan, and rice bran as a source of dietary fiber decreased body weight, serum and liver cholesterol concentrations, serum triglyceride and LDL-c concentrations, but increased serum HDL-c concentrations, and increased cholesterol excretion through feces, without a significant effect on blood glucose consentrations. Agar, carrageenan, and rice bran supplementation as sources of dietary fibers could improve lipid profiles in hypercholesterolemic mice.
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Judul: Identifikasi Kejadian Banjir Rob (Pasang) di DAS Sunter pada 9-13 Januari 2008.
Abstrak: Banjir Rob merupakan fenomena meluapnya air laut ke daratan, istilah tersebut pertama kali dikenal di daerah Semarang. Fenomena banjir Rob dipengaruhi oleh pasang surut air laut. Pasang surut sendiri dipengaruhi gravitasi bulan dan matahari, serta dipengaruhi pula posisi bulan dan matahari terhadap bumi. Banjir ini biasa terjadi pada saat pasang air laut yaitu bertepatan dengan kejadian bulan baru dan bulan purnama. Pada bulan Januari 2008, di wilayah utara Jakarta yang berbatasan dengan laut, fenomena banjir Rob (pasang) melanda kawasan tersebut. Fenomena ini mengakibatkan sejumlah kawasan di wilayah utara Jakarta terendam air laut, hal ini diperburuk dengan penurunan muka tanah Jakarta. Selain dilanda banjir pasang air laut, kawasan utara Jakarta sering dilanda banjir akibat luapan sungai-sungai yang bermuara di Jakarta, salah satu sungai yang menyumbang banjir Jakarta adalah sungai Sunter. Tutupan lahan di DAS Sunter yang sebagian besar berupa pemukiman makin meningkatkan limpasan permukaan ketika terjadi hujan. Tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 di perairan Teluk Jakarta sedang terjadi pasang air laut karena bertepatan dengan bulan baru yang mengakibatkan terjadinya banjir Rob di beberapa wilayah di Jakarta Utara, termasuk DAS Sunter. Berdasarkan pemetaan banjir Rob di DAS Sunter pada tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 diketahui bahwa daerah yang tergenang air laut yaitu Kalibaru dan Marunda dengan tinggi genangan 48-72 cm. Luas genangan maksimum terjadi pada tanggal 11 Januari 2008 yaitu sebesar 66.000 m2. Pada tanggal 9-13 Januari, DAS Sunter tidak ikut menyumbangkan limpasan permukaan yang dapat menyebabkan banjir karena nilai limpasan permukaan berkisar 0-3,03 mm. Sehingga kejadian banjir pada tanggal 9-13 Januari 2008 di DAS Sunter hanya berasal dari pasang air laut. Kata Kunci : Banjir Rob, Pasang-Surut, Limpasan Permukaan, DAS Sunter.
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