Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Surfaktan Nonionik Berbasis Poliol dari Onggok dan Asam Oleat
Abstrak: Processing of cassava into tapioca starch produces onggok that can be liquefied to produce polyols. The esterification of liquefied products with oleic acid produced esters that can be used as surfactant. Polyol was prepared using sulfuric acid as as the catalyst and ethylene glycol as the solvent. Esterification of polyol and oleic acid was catalyzed by anhydrous FeCl3 microwave with the ratio of polyol to oleic acid of 1:1, 1:2, and 2:1 (w/w). Surfactant characterization involved pH, viscosity, saponification number, acid number, surface tension, HLB value, emulsification, functional groups analysis (FTIR), and component profile (HPLC). Preparation of polyols yield 87%. IR absorption intensity of polyol at wavenumber 3750-3000 cm-1 was higher than IR absorption of onggok. Esterification of polyol-oleic acid with different weight ratios succesfully done as proved by absorption of C=O groups at wavenumber 1735 cm-1 in IR spectra. Based on the HLB value, the type of surfactant were 1P:1O (HLB 11:52) O/W type, 1P:2O (HLB 2.20) W/O type and 2P:1O (HLB
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Judul: Sintesis Surfaktan Alkil Poliglikosida dari Fatty Alcohol (C16) Sawit dan Glukosa Cair 85% dengan Perlakuan Perbedaan Nisbah Mol.
Abstrak: Surfactants (surface active agents) are the surface tension active compounds that can be produced synthetically chemically or biochemically. Surfactants are used in industry as a bleaching, wetting, foaming materials, as well as emulsifier and others. The addition of the surfactant is expected to optimize the performance of the active ingredient used. This provides opportunities to develop further research. One type of surfactant that is being developed is poliglicoside alkyl surfactants (APG). APG Surfactant is a nonionic surfactant type commonly used in the formulation of some products such as herbicide formulations, personal care products, cosmetics, textile fabric bleaching and surfactants solution for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Raw material of APG surfactant are fatty alcohol from coconut oil oleochemicals or palm kernel oil (fatty alcohol C16) and glucoside 85%. Fatty alcohol is hydrophobic (lipophilic), while glucose is hydrophilic. In this research APG surfactant was synthesized from fatty alcohol palm oil (C16) and 85% liquid glucose. The Purpose of this research is to obtain the best reactant mole ratio of surfactant alkyl Poliglicoside the best of Fatty alcohol (C16) oil with Liquid glucose 85%. This study used a completely randomized experimental design with one factor and two repetition. The treatment used was reactant mole ratio with five concentration level ie 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5. The process used in this research was 2-stage of processes, there are butanolisis and transacetalitations. The best formula was obtain from the ratio of 1 mol glucoside with 1.5 mol fatty alcohool. This product resulted on the lowest interfacial tension of 5.56 x 10-2 dyne/cm. This APG was processed at a temperature of 120-130OC for 2 hours.The pH value was in the range of 8.2-8.52
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Judul: Penyebab kematian burung kakatua jambul kuning (Cacatua galerita) di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dan Taman Burung TMII (Periode Januari 2001 - Januari 2002)
Abstrak: Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kematian pada Burung Kakatua Jambul Kuning (Cacatua galerita) serta penanganan dan pencegahannya. Pengkajian ini berdasarkan pada pemeriksaan atau pengamatan langsung di lokasi kandang burung maupun lingkungannya, pengumpulan laporan data kasus penyakit, pengobatan dan pencegahannya, wawancara langsung dengan dokter hewan, paramedis maupun pemeriksaan feces serta studi pustaka. Upaya perlindungan terhadap burung Kakatua Jambul Kuning yang merupakan satwa langka sudah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah., terbukti dengan diterbitkannya Undang-Undang No. 5 tahun 1990, Surat Keputusan Menteri No.301/Kpts-II/1991, Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 7 tahun 1999 (Sozer, 1999). Perlindungan yang selama ini telah dilakukan di penangkaran ex-situ Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR) dan Taman Burung TMII (TB TMII). Pada kedua tempat penangkaran tersebut burung kakatua akan dipelihara sedapat mungkin seperti pada kehidupan di alam bebas. Hasil yang diperoleh pada kedua tempat penangkaran tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kasus traumatik merupakan kasus penyebab kematian yang tertinggi. Traumatik tersebut disebabkan beberapa hal dan yang tertinggi karena berkelahi. Di Kandang Karantina Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dilaporkan ada 3 kasus kematian traumatik dari 7 gambaran post mortem yang diperiksa (42,86%), sedangkan pada Kandang Pamer berjumlah 2 kasus dari 3 gambaran post mortem yang diperiksa (66,67%). Pada Taman Burung TMII kasus kematian yang disebabkan oleh traumatik, ditemukan di Klinik yang berasal dari Kandang Pamer sebanyak 2 kasus dari 3 gambaran post mortemnya (66,67%). Studi kasus ini diharapkan menjadi tambahan data acuan dalam upaya pelestarian dan pengembangan populasi Kakatua Jambul Kuning.
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