Judul: Thymol Addition in Feed to Catfish Clarias sp. Growth Performances
Abstrak: Minyak esensial dapat dijadikan feed additive alami untuk pakan ikan karena dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan lele dengan menambahkan berbagai dosis timol pada pakan ikan. Penelitian menggunakan empat perlakuan sebagai bahan suplementasi yaitu 0%, 0,1%, 0,2%, dan 0,3% timol. Pakan yang digunakan adalah pakan apung lele komersil. Ikan lele berukuran 1,67±0,04 g dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 90×40×45 cm. Padat tebar yang digunakan adalah 30 ekor ikan per akuarium dan diberi pakan tiga kali sehari secara ad satiation selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan 0,2% timol dalam pakan meningkatkan konsumsi pakan, retensi protein, retensi lemak, rasio efisiensi protein, laju pertumbuhan harian dan bobot ikan lele (P<0,05). Sehingga disimpulkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan lele dapat meningkat signifikan setelah diberi pakan dengan penambahan 0,2% timol.
Keyword: Clarias sp., growth performance, thymol

Judul: Supplementation of Thymol in the diet to Enhance Growh Performance of Stripped Catfish (P.hypopthalmus)
Abstrak: Budidaya ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) memiliki kendala pertumbuhan lambat untuk mencapai ukuran konsumsi. Salah satu bahan yang dapat digunakan untuk mempercepat pertumbuhan ikan adalah thymol. Tujuan penelitian ini mengevaluasi suplementasi thymol dosis berbeda (0%, 0,1%, 0,2% dan 0,3%) pada pakan dengan masing-masing empat ulangan, selama 60 hari terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan ikan patin. Benih ikan patin yang digunakan memiliki bobot 2,12 ± 0,03 g dan panjang 6,61 ± 0,03 cm. Ikan dipelihara di waring berukuran 2 x 1 x 1 m3 dan ketinggian air 50 cm dengan kepadatan 30 ekor m-3. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai biomassa akhir ikan patin yang diberi pakan dengan suplementasi thymol 0,3% lebih tinggi dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol (p<0,05), namun nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik, tingkat kelangsungan hidup dan hepatosomatic index tidak berbeda nyata. Pemberian thymol dosis 0,3% dapat menurunkan nilai rasio konversi pakan, retensi lemak, retensi protein dan protein efficiency ratio lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakukan kontrol (p<0,05). emberian thymol dengan dosis 0,3% pada pakan dapat meningkatkan kinerja pertumbuhan ikan patin., Catfish (Pangasius sp.) cultivation has a slow growth constraint to reach consumption size. One of the ingredients that can be used to accelerate fish growth is thymol. The aim of this study was to evaluate different doses of thymol supplementation (0%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3%) in feed with four replications for 60 days on growth performance of catfish. The catfish seeds used have a weight of 2.12 ± 0.03 g and a length of 6.61 ± 0.03 cm. Fish are reared in the waring measuring 2 x 1 x 1 m3 and the water level is 50 cm with a density of 30 m-3. The results showed that the final biomass value at a dose of 0.3% was higher than the control treatment, the specific growth rate, survival rate and hepatosomatic index were not significantly different from the control treatment (p>0.05), the administration of thymol dose was 0.3%. can reduce the value of the feed conversion ratio and significantly different fromother treatments. Fat retention at a dose of 0.3% showed a higher value compared to other treatments besides that the protein retention value and protein efficiency ratio at a dose of 0.3% were higher than that of the control treatment (p <0.05). Giving thymol at a dose of 0.3% in feed can increase the growth performance of catfish
Keyword: Catfish, Growth performance, Thymol

Judul: Socioeconomic and psychological variables influencing household debt
Abstrak: The overall objective of this study was to examine factors influencing total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. The study examined the impacts of both psychological (credit attitudes and perception of future income) and socioe- conomic variables on total debt, total debt payment and patterns of debt payments. A conceptual model for this study was developed by incorporating the theory of borrower risk, the economic and psychological economic theory of borrowing, and the results of previous studies. This model identifies socioeconomic and psycholog- ical variables that influence total debt, total debt payment, and patterns of debt payments. Socioeconomic variables included in the model are gender, race, mari- tal status, employment status, household size, age, education, and household assets. Psychological variables are credit attitudes toward the use of credit, and perception of future income. This study used data from the 1989 Survey of Consumer Finances. The survey was sponsored by the Federal Reserve in cooperation with some other federal agencies. Data for the survey were collected by the Survey Research Center at the University of Michigan between August 1989 and March 1990. dst ...
Keyword: Gender