Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (Ghrh) Pada Kerbau Lokal (Bubalus Bubalis) Dengan Metode Pcr-Rflp
Abstrak: GHRH is a hypothalamic hormone which stimulates growth hormone secretion in the pituitary gland. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphisms Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH) gene of Indonesian buffalo’s. A total of 320 blood samples from Indonesian buffalo were used to determined polymorphism using PCR-RFLP method. The polymorphism of GHRH gene that spanned within exon 2 and exon 3 was amplified, and their mutation was detected using endonuclease HaeIII. In this study, there were found to be three GHRH/HaeIII genotype (AA genotype 0%, AB genotype 36% and BB genotype 64%) determined by two alleles, A (18%) and B (82%). The frequency of A allele was found 15% for Semarang population, 19% for Mataram population, 2% for Medan population and 40% for Banten population. The frequency of B allele was found 85% for Semarang population, 81% for Mataram population, 98% for Medan population and 60% for Banten population. The observed heterozygosis value were different among populations. The highest heterozygosis (h) 0,485 for Banten population and the lowest was 0.037 for Medan population and the average heterozygosis for all populations (H) detected was 0.270. Index fixation value of GHRH gene showed there was not fixed into one gene type (Fski 0). The smallest genetic distance value of GHRH gene was found between Semarang and Mataram population (0.001) and highest between Medan and Banten population (0.202). Keywords: Buffallo, GHRH gene, PCR-RFLP.
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Releasing Hormone (GHRH|HaeIII) Pada Sapi Friesian Holstein Di BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, Dan BETCipelang
Abstrak: This study was aimed to identify polymorphism of the GHRH gene in Holstein Friesian (FH) cattle from BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, and BET Cipelang; and beef cattle from BET Cipelang for a comparison. Blood samples used were 126 samples, consisting of 49 HF bulls from BIB Lembang (17 hds), BBIB Singosari (32 hds), and HF cows from BET Cipelang (40 hds); and a number of 37 hds of beef cattle consisting of Simmental (13 hds), Limousin (14 hds), Brahman (5 hds), and Angus (5 hds) from BET Cipelang. This study used PCR-RFLP method using restriction enzyme HaeIII. This enzyme restricted the GHRH gene sequences at the bases GG | CC at the positions of 118, 312, and 406 bp resulting four fragments with the lengths of 118, 194, 94, and 45 bp respectively. Genotyping GHRH gene produced two alleles, namely A and B alleles. These alleles produced three genotypes, namely the genotypes of AA (312, 94, and 45 bp), AB (312, 194, 118, 94, and 45 bp), and BB (194, 118, 94, and 45 bp). Frequency of the B allele was higher than the A allele. Frequencies of the A and B alleles in HF were in BIB Lembang 0,235 and 0,765, BBIB Singosari 0,234 and 0,766, and BET Cipelang 0,225 and 0,775. Chi-square analysis showed that all of HF and beef cattles were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 < χ2 (0.05)), the exception in HF cattles in BIB Lembang, Brahman and Angus cattles in BET Cipelang. The highest heterozigosity values in HF was found in BIB Lembang (0,471), while the lowest was in BBIB Singosari (0,344). Heterozygosity values in the HF were lower than those of Simmental and Limousin beef cattle. GHRH gene in HF and beef cattle were polimorfic, the exception in Brahman cattle as possesing only the B allele.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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