Judul: Deteksi Molekular Babesia spp. Dengan Menggunakan PCR pada Anjing dari Bogor Dan Jakarta
Abstrak: Canine babesiosisis a disease caused by infection of Babesia spp. blood parasite. Information regarding detection of Babesia spp. parasites on dogs are still limited and molecular approach using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an uncommon method used in Indonesia. Due to that, the aim of this study was to detect Babesia spp. blood parasite on dogs from Bogor and Jakarta by molecular approach using PCR. A total of 56 dog blood samples were collected from Bogor and Jakarta. In this study, morphological presence of blood parasites was examined using blood smear method with 10% Giemsa staining. Next, presence of parasite DNA was detected using PCR with 18S rRNA target gene gene. In addition, hematology profile was conducted in this study. The results show that two samples (12.5%) of mixed breed dogs from Bogor was detected positive for Babesia spp. through blood smear and PCR method. Based on the results of the hematology profile, a decrease in red blood cells indicates blood parasite infection and an increase in white blood cells indicates an immune response towards blood parasite infection. This study provides information regarding blood parasite infection of Babesia spp., hence prevention and control programs of this parasite are very important to be conducted. Furthermore, detection of Babesia spp. blood parasite using PCR method can be used as a reference in diagnosis.
Keyword: Babesia spp, Bogor,, Dog, Jakarta, PCR

Judul: Identifikasi Molekular Babesia bigemina dari Sapi dan Kerbau di Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Livestock is a crucial industry that significantly contributes to the agricultural sector in Indonesia. Babesiosis is a disease that is transmitted through tick vectors and are caused by blood parasites of the genus Babesia. This disease has caused very significant economic losses. Molecular detection of babesiosis has high sensitivity and specificity. However, currently, the detection of babesiosis using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in Indonesia has not been widely used, especially in the Bogor District. The aim of this study is to identify Babesia bigemina in cattle and buffaloes in the Bogor District using molecular technique. A total of 27 blood samples were collected, consisting of 22 cattle samples and 5 buffalo blood samples. The samples were stained with 10% Giemsa, in addition the blood samples were extracted and proceeded with nested PCR. The results of the blood smear examination showed 81.48% were positive for Babesia spp., while 11.11% were positive for B. bigemina. Based on the type of cattle and buffaloes positive for B. bigemina, the positive rates were 9.09% and 20% respectively. The results of this study provide basic information about the level of Babesia bigemina infection in the Bogor District based on molecular methods. Therefore, programs to prevent and control blood parasitic infections in cattle and buffalo farms needs to be carried out.
Keyword: Babesia bigemina, babesiosis, Bogor, buffalo, cattle, PCR, Babesia bigemina, babesiosis, Bogor, buffalo, cattle, PCR

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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