Judul: Faktor-Faktor Penentu Keberhasilan Konservasi Eksitu Cendrawasih Kecil (Paradisaea Minor Shaw, 1809).
Abstrak: Cendrawasih kecil (Paradisaea minor Shaw, 1809) merupakan spesies endemik papua. Populasi cendrawasih kecil saat ini telah mengalami penurunan yang disebabkan tingginya perburuan, perusakan habitat, penyempitan habitat dan konversi habitat yang menurunkan kuantitas dan kualitas habitat alaminya terutama komponen pakan, shelter, dan cover. Upaya meningkatkan populasinya antara lain dengan melakukan konservasi eksitu di lembaga-lembaga konservasi maupun, melalui kegiatan pemanfaatan dalam bentuk penangkaran. Upaya konservasi eksitu cendrawasih kecil saat ini masih sangat terbatas dengan tingkat keberhasilan yang rendah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis komponen yang berpengaruh penting dan relevan sebagai penentu keberhasilan konservasi eksitu cendrawasih kecil, menentukan model keberhasilan konservasi eksitu cendrawasih kecil dan merumuskan tipologi yang tepat bagi keberhasilan konservasi eksitu cendrawasih kecil. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Maret-Mei 2016 di Taman Burung TMII, Mega Bird and Orchid Farm, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, Kebun Binatang Bandung, dan Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation di Qatar. Data yang diambil meliputi aspek internal biologis satwa, teknik penangkaran, serta aspek sosial yang dikuantitatifkan, dan dianalisis menggunakan metode Analisis Komponen Utama (AKU). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa jenis kandang yang terdapat di Taman Burung TMII, Mega Bird and Orchid Farm, Taman Margasatwa Ragunan, dan Kebun Binatang Bandung yaitu kandang display. Hasil pengukuran rata-rata suhu di dalam kandang display di Taman Burung TMII dan Taman Margasatwa Ragunan yaitu 29⁰C dengan kelembaban yaitu 86% sedangkan suhu di dalam kandang display MBOF yaitu 25⁰C dengan kelembaban 87,5% dan suhu di Kebun Binatang Bandung yaitu 23.5⁰C dengan kelembaban 90.5%. Pakan yang diberikan berupa pakan utama dan pakan tambahan, yang diberikan setiap hari dengan kandungan gizi dalam pakan yang diberikan pada cendrawasih kecil di eksitu yaitu untuk kandungan protein sekitar 6,9% dengan kandungan energi didalamnya sebesar 2578,3 kkal. Hasil uji statistik menggunakan analisis komponen utama menunjukkan bahwa terdapat lima komponen penentu keberhasilan konservasi eksitu cendrawasih kecil. Komponen utama yang pertama adalah umur, pakan dan kemampuan keeper. Komponen kedua adalah sarang, komponen ketiga ukuran kandang serta ketersediaan tenaga ahli, komponen keempat fasilitas kandang dan kemampuan adaptasi, serta komponen kelima gangguan dan konstruksi kandang. Komponen penentu keberhasilan digunakan untuk merumuskan model dan tipologi keberhasilan. Terdapat tiga tipologi keberhasilan konservasi eksitu yang disusun berdasarkan aspek biologis satwa, teknik penangkaran dan aspek sosial.
Keyword: cendrawasih kecil, eksitu, faktor penentu, keberhasilan, konservasi, model, tipologi

Judul: Determinant Factors of Successful Ex Situ Conservation of Lesser Bird of Paradise (Paradisaea minor Shaw, 1809).
Abstrak: Lesser bird of paradise (Paradisaea minor Shaw, 1809) is an endemic bird species in Papua island. Recently its population has been decreasing year to year, due to illegal hunting, illegal trading and habitat destruction. These cause a decrease in the quality and quantity of their habitat especially for feed, shelter, and cover. In order to increase its population in natural habitat needs an ex situ conservation effort such as conservation institution and captive breeding. Currently, ex situ conservation efforts of this bird are lacked and very low in the successful of breeding. The aims of this research were to identify and analyze the component that determine successful of lesser bird of paradise ex situ conservation, to determine a model of successful lesser bird of paradise ex situ conservation and to formulate the typology of succesful lesser bird of paradise ex situ conservation. The study was conducted from March until May 2016 in the TMII Bird Park , Mega Bird and Orchid Farm (MBOF), Ragunan Zoo, Bandung Zoo, and Al Wabra Wildlife Preservation (AWWP) in Qatar. The Data in this research include internal and external biological aspect of species, captive breeding technique, and social aspect. The qualitative data was changed into quantitative data with scoring of assessment. The variables was analyzed by Principle Component Analysis (PCA). The result of the research showed that the type of cage in TMII Bird Park, MBOF, Ragunan Zoo, Bandung Zoo was display cage. The temperature average cage in TMII Bird Park and Ragunan Zoo was 29⁰C and humdity was 86%. The temperature average in MBOF was 25⁰C and humidity 87.5 % and the temperature average in Bandung Zoo was 23.5⁰C and humidity 90.5 %. Type of feeds were divided into main feed and extra feed which were given everyday. The analysis of nutrient indicated that the protein of the feed consumption is about 6.9% with the energy is about 2578.3 ccal. The statistical analysis showed that there are five determinant factors of successful ex situ conservation of lesser bird of paradise. First components were age, feed and the keeper ability, second component was nest, third components were cage size and the availability of specialist, and fourth components were cage facilities and adaptability of the bird, and fifth components were disturbance and construction of the cage. These variables in determinant factors are used as basic data to formulate the model and typology. There are three typologies of succesful ex situ conservation which are based on internal aspects of the lesser bird of the paradise, captive breeding technique and the social aspect.
Keyword: conservation, determinant factor, ex situ, lesser bird of paradise, model, successful, typology

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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