Judul: Substitusi Konsentrat Dengan Tepung Daun Murbei Dalam Pakan Berbasis Jerami Padi Pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole.
Abstrak: Jerami padi merupakan limbah pertanian yang memiliki potensi cukup besar sebagai pakan ternak ruminansia, namun jerami padi memiliki faktor pembatas yakni rendahnya kadar protein, kalsium dan fosfor, serta tingginya kandungan serat kasar. Karena itu, pemanfaatan jerami padi dalam ransum harus diimbangi dengan penambahan konsentrat untuk mencukupi kebutuhan nutrisi pakan. Ketersediaan bahan penyusun konsentrat saat ini terbatas akibat harga yang tinggi serta persaingannya dengan kebutuhan lain. Oleh sebab itu, perlu dicari bahan pakan alternatif yang dapat menggantikan konsentrat, dimana bahan pengganti tersebut harus berkualitas dan mempunyai produktivitas yang tinggi. Salah satu bahan yang memenuhi kriteria tersebut adalah daun murbei. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji kemampuan tepung daun murbei mensubstitusi konsentrat bila dikombinasikan dengan jerami padi sebagai pakan alternatif yang murah, berkualitas, mudah disediakan serta dapat meningkatkan produktivitas sapi potong.
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Judul: Kecernaan Ransum Berbasis Jerami  Padi yang Diberi Tepung Daun Murbei  Sebagai Substitusi Konsentrat Pada  Sapi Peranakan Ongole
Abstrak: Mulberry leaf has a great potential as animal feed because of its high nutrient content. It has 20,4% crude protein, therefore it can be used as substitution for concentrate. The aims of this experience was to study effect of mulberry leaf as substitution of concentrate in PO cattle. This experiment used completely randomize design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P1 (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate/control), P2 (50% rice straw + 25% concentrate+ 25% mulberry leaf), P3 (50% rice straw + 50% mulberry leaf). This experiment was conducted for 2 months with 2 weeks adaptation periode. Variables observed were dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, extract eter digestibility, and total production of rumen VFA. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, and differences among treatments were tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that mulberry leaf can substitute concentrate at most 50%. The addition of mulberry leaf significantly (P<0.05) increased crude fiber digestibility but decreased crude protein and eter extract digestibility. The mixture between concentrate and mulberry leaf increased dry matter digestibility and the amount of total VFA.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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