Judul: Relationship Between The Prevalence Of Diarrhea With Climate Factors And Hydrometeorological Events In Tropical Regions : A Systematic Literature Review
Abstrak: Diare merupakan penyakit menular yang menjadi penyebab masalah kesehatan dan kasus kematian, terutama pada balita. Penyakit diare dapat dipengaruhi oleh faktor lingkungan seperti iklim, kejadian hidrometeorologi dan faktor non-iklim. Terdapat ketidakkonsistenan antara faktor tersebut dengan prevalensi diare. Hal tersebut membuka celah untuk mengkaji ketidakkonsistenan tersebut dengan mempelajari literatur mutakhir melalui tinjauan pustaka sistematis (systematic literature review).Tinjauan pustaka sistematis dilakukan dengan identifikasi research question, pencarian literatur, penyaringan literatur serta estraksi informasi. Hasil tinjauan menunjukkan faktor iklim yang berpengaruh pada kejadian penyakit diare meliputi curah hujan, suhu udara, kelembapan udara, dan kecepatan angin, sedangkan kejadian hidrometeorologi yang berpengaruh, yaitu banjir dan kekeringan. Faktor non-iklim yang berpengaruh adalah topografi, level air sungai, kepadatan penduduk, kualitas air, status ekonomi, fasilitas toilet, air pipa, dan pendidikan/literasi. Ketidakkonsistenan faktor iklim dikarenakan perbedaan patogen diare, penggunaan lag time dan terjadinya konsentrasi dan dilusi dari patogen. Kesenjangan dari penelitian, yaitu terbatasnya perhatian pada faktor iklim dalam konteks threshold curah hujan, suhu dan banjir yang digunakan dalam analisis, limitasi dalam penyertaan agen patogen, keterbatasan pada data diare yang digunakan dalam analisis memungkinkan tidak mewakili data diare yang sebenarnya, terbatasnya perhatian pada peralihan kondisi kering dan basah. Hubungan antara faktor iklim dengan prevalensi diare dapat diketahui lebih mendalam dengan melakukan meta analisis., Diarrhea is one of infectious disease that causes health problems and causes of death, especially in toddlers. The diseases is influenced by various environmental factors including climate, hydrometeorological events and non- climatic factors. But the influence may vary among the factors that leads to the inconsistency knowledge on the topics. Here, inonsistency is systematically based on the latest literatures on the topics by conducting a systematic literature review. The review was carried out based on the following procedures: identifying research questions, searching the literatures, filtering literatures, and extracting information from the selected literatures. The results show that diarrhea was influenced by the following climatic factors : the incidence of rainfall, air temperature, humidity, and windspeed. For, hydromteorological events floods and drought events are the major contributor to diarrheas. The findings also reveal that topography, river water level, population density, air quality, economic status, toilet facilities, water pipes, and education/literacy are categorized as non-climatic factors that influence diarrhea. Inconsistency of climatic factors due to differences in diarrheal pathogens, time delays and the occurrence of concentrations and dilutions of pathogens. The gaps in the study, namely the limited attention to climatic factors in the context of the rainfall, temperature, and flood thresholds used in the analysis, limitations in the inclusion of pathogenic agents, and limitations in the diarrhea data used in the study, may not represent the actual diarrhea data, limited attention to the transition dry and wet conditions. The relationship between climatic factors and the prevalence of diarrhea can be known more deeply by conducting a meta-analysis
Keyword: climate factors, inconsistent, hydrometeorological events, non-climate factors, the prevalence of diarrhea

Judul: Variations In The Incidence Rate Of Diarrhea  Based On Climate Conditions In Ciliwung Watershed
Abstrak: Diare merupakan masalah kesehatan yang umum terjadi di Indonesia dan menjadi penyebab kematian bayi tertinggi kedua. Meskipun penyakit diare dapat menular melalui air, ternyata faktor iklim juga berperan penting dalam penyebarannya. Namun sejauh ini, studi mengenai pengaruh iklim pada tingkat daerah aliran sungai masih sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan spasial dan temporal antara nilai tingkat kejadian (IR) diare dengan kondisi iklim dan peluang tingkat kejadian (IR) diare berdasarkan curah hujan serta surplus-defisit air pada tiap bagian DAS Ciliwung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai IR tertinggi sebesar 53 tercatat pada bagian hilir, lalu diikuti bagian tengah dan hulu DAS. Faktor curah hujan yang tinggi berperan dalam penurunan nilai IR pada bagian hulu dan tengah DAS yaitu menyediakan lingkungan yang kondusif untuk pengenceran patogen penyebab diare. Pada hilir DAS, kelebihan air berdampak pada peningkatan kasus diare oleh potensi peningkatan aliran air dari wilayah atas yang sangat mungkin membawa sampah yang mengandung patogen Diare. Temuan lain menunjukkan hubungan yang bervariasi antara unsur iklim dan tingkat kejadian (IR) diare dengan rentang koefisien korelasi (r) -0.4 hingga 0.5. Temuan riset ini mengindikasikan bahwa lokasi dataran rendah dengan curah hujan yang melimpah lebih rentan akan penyebaran penyakit diare.
Keyword: faktor iklim, peluang, surplus defisit, waterborne diseases

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm