Judul: Pemanfaatan rumput laut Gelidium sp. dalam pembuatan permen jelly
Abstrak: Rumput laut merupakan salah satu hasil perairan yang tersebar luas di Indonesia dengan jenisnya yang sangat beragam. Salah satu jenis rumput laut yang diekstraksi adalah Gelidium sp. dengan kandungan kualitas agar-agar yangbaik, memiliki kekuatan gel yang tinggi dan kandungan sulfat yang rendah. Diversifikasi produk rumput laut terus dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan daya gunanya. Salah satu usaha diversifikasi tersebut adalah pemanfaatan rumput laut Gelidium sp. dalam pembuatan permen jelly.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Gracilaria sp. dalam Pembuatan Permen Jelly
Abstrak: Rumput laut merupakan salah satu hasil perikanan yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis tinggi dan menjadi sumber devisa nonmigas. Salah satu produk diversifikasinya yaitu produk permen jelly rumput laut dari jenis Gracilaria sp. Perlakuan pada penelitian ini yaitu penambahan rumput laut 35 %, 40 %, 45 % dan 50 %. Pada penentuan produk terbaik dengan menggunakan metode PHA, permen jelly dengan penambahan rumput laut 40 % terpilih menjadi produk yang terbaik dengan nilai kepentingan paling tinggi yaitu 27,4%. Karakteristik fisik dan kimia permen jelly rumput laut yang terbaik adalah sebagai berikut: kekerasan 587,5 gf; elastisitas 0,87; pH 4,50; aw 0,730; kadar air 12,90 %, kadar abu 0,03 % dan kadar gula total 64,23%. Untuk permen jelly pembanding adalah sebagai berikut: kekerasan 1725 gf; elastisitas 0,88; pH 3,59, aw 6,676; kadar air 6,54%, kadar abu 0,02% dan kadar gula 65,24%. Berdasarkan standar mutu permen jelly, kadar air dan kadar abu memenuhi syarat mutu yang ditetapkan yaitu maksimal 20 % dan 3 %. Uji mikrobiologi terhadap permen jelly sampai pada akhir penyimpanan pada hari ke-21 masih dibawah 105 koloni/gram produk yaitu 8,7x102 koloni/gram produk. Penerimaan panelis dari awal sampai akhir penyimpanan berkisar antara agak suka sampai suka. Nutrisi yang dapat disumbangkan untuk memenuhi angka kecukupan gizi dengan mengkonsumsi permen jelly dengan takaran saji sebanyak 4 gram adalah protein 0,591 %, lemak 0,005 %, karbohidrat 1,049 % dan energi 3,51 Kalori.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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