Judul: Evaluasi Penurunan Serat Kasar dan Peningkatan Nilai Kecernaan Bungkil Kelapa Dengan Penambahan Enzim Cairan Rumen Domba Sebagai Bahan Baku Pakan Ikan Mas Cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: The objectives of this work were to evaluate the roles of sheep rumen liquor enzymes on its capability to reduce the crude fiber contant and enhance the apperent digestibility of coconut cake meal (BK) for common carp Cyprinus carpio. The work comprised by two stages experiments. In experiment I, BK was hydrolized with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 125 ml enzymes/kg BK for 0, 12, and 24 hours, respectively. Thereafter, proximate compositions of BK were analyzed. In experiment II, hydrolyzed BK (BKe) contained the least crude fiber content from the result of experiment I was tested for its digestibility. It was found that BK hydrolyzed with 125 ml enzymes/kg BK for 24 hours had the lowest value of crude fiber content, and highest value of glucose content. In this treatment, crude fiber content was decreased from 14,34% to 6,98%, while the glucose content was increased from 0,014% to 0,464%. The apparent digestibility of BKe was found to be higher than BK. The total digestibility, protein carp was 63,92% and 54,58%, 79,53% and 65,17%, 72,2% and 49,17% for BKe and BK, respectively. It was concluded that sheep rumen liquor enzymes could reduce the crude fiber content of BK, and enhance its apparent digestibility for carp Cyprinus carpio.
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Judul: The Effectiveness of Sheep Rumen Liquor Enzyme Addition on The Reduction of Cocoa-pod Husk Meal Fiber Content and Its Digestibility in Tilapia Diet.
Abstrak: Dua tahap penelitian dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penambahan enzim cairan rumen domba dalam menurunkan kandungan serat kasar kulit buah kakao (KBK) dan mengevaluasi kecernaan KBK yang telah dihidrolisis dengan enzim cairan rumen domba dalam pakan ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Pada penelitian tahap satu, enzim cairan rumen domba ditambahkan dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda yaitu 0, 50, 100 dan 150 mL/kg KBK dengan lama inkubasi yang berbeda yaitu 0, 12, dan 24 jam. Pada penelitian tahap dua, nilai kecernaan ditentukan dengan menggunakan indikator Cr2O3 yang ditambahkan ke dalam pakan acuan dan pakan perlakuan, yaitu pakan dengan penambahan KBK yang telah dihidrolisis dengan dosis terbaik pada penelitian tahap satu (KBKe) dan kulit buah kakao tanpa hidrolisis (KBK). Ikan nila yang digunakan mempunyai bobot rata-rata 3,86 ± 0,44 g ditebar dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per akuarium dan dipelihara selama15 hari. Hasil penelitian tahap satu menunjukkan hidrolisis KBK dengan menggunakan cairan rumen 150 mL/kg dan lama waktu inkubasi 12 jam dan 24 jam mempunyai nilai serat kasar KBK terendah yaitu sebesar 21,38% dan 21,67%. Sedangkan pada uji kecernaan terlihat bahwa nilai kecernaan bahan KBKe lebih tinggi (33,95%) dibandingkan dengan KBK (10,97%). Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan enzim cairan rumen domba dapat menurunkan kandungan serat kasar kulit buah kakao dan meningkatkan kecernaan dari kulit buah kakao pada pakan ikan nila
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite