Judul: Studi Patologi Efek Toksik Ekstrak Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) pada Hati dan Ginjal Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: This study was aimed to get information about blackseed (Nigella sativa) toxicity on liver and kidney of mice. Seventy two mice (36 male and 36 female) of 4 weeks old mice were divided into four group, each group consist of nine mice. Group K was negative control (received aquadest 0.1 ml), group HS 0.1 (received 0.1 ml blackseed oil), group HS 0.2 (received 0.2 ml blackseed oil), and group HS honey (received 0.3 ml combination of blackseed oil and honey). The treatment was done for two months. Afterwards mice were euthanized by antlanto-occipitalis dislocation and followed with necropsy to collect tissue samples (liver and kidney). The tissue samples were processed to prepare histopathology slides with Hematoxilyn-Eosin stain. The parameters observed include to count and differenciate of the degenerative and necrosis of the liver and kidney cell using software Image J® for Microsoft® Windows®. Quantitative data were analyzed with software SPSS® 16.0 for Microsoft® Windows® . ANOVA test and followed by Duncan test. The result showed that habbatussauda caused increase of normal liver and kidney cell on group HS 0.1, HS 0.2, and HS honey which were significant (p<0.05) compared with the control group.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) terhadap Gambaran Histologi Organ Lambung dan Usus Halus Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Habatussauda or black cumin seed (Nigella sativa) is a popular herbal medicine worldwide. The aim of this research was to observe histology changes on stomach and small intestine of mice treated with Nigella sativa oil extracts. Seventy two 4-week-old mice, consisting of thirty six male and female, were divided each into four groups. Group 1 (control) were treated with 0.1 ml of aquadest, group 2 with 0.1 ml of N. sativa oil extract, group 3 with 0.2 ml of N. sativa oil extract, and group 4 with 0.3 ml of combined N. sativa oil etxract and honey. All treatment were done orally everyday for two months period. Afterwards, mice were euthanized by atlanto-occipitale dislocation for organs sampling. Stomach and small intestine were fixed in 10% Buffered Neutral Formaline (BNF), embedded in paraffin, then stained with haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic-acid schiff (PAS). The results showed that N. sativa treatment significantly increased (P<0.05) the number of parietal and chief cells, and reduced the number of mucous cells and infiltrating inflammatory cells in stomach; while, increased height of villi, increased number of crypts, reduced number of inflammatory cells, and reduced number of goblet cells were observed in small intestine, as compared with those in control. Additionally, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in all parameters between male and female mice. These data may suggest cell protection and inflammatory cells suppresion activities of N. sativa treatment in gastrointestinal tracts.
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Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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