Judul: Analisis Finansial Pengushaan Tambak Tumpang Sari Sistem Empang Parit di Kawasan Htan Mangrove (Kasus di Desa Jayamukti, Kecamatan Blanakan, Kabupaten Subang, Propinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Mangrove forest has had very imporant rules in our lifr,not only from the ecologic side, but also from the economic side. since Japan colonialism in Indonesia the destruction of mangrove forest in Indonesia had kept on increase up to now, including the destruction in "pantura" way or called North Coast way. The destructtion of mangrove ecosystem not only caused reduction of mangrove area also caused the decrease of its quality. Considering how very important the mangrove forest motivated me to think how to prevent the damage and made the green revolution for the mangrive forest. According to the thought of making green revolution become successful, so it has been developed that this program involved all the citizens around the which called Community Based Forest Management (CBFM) in hooks silvofishery ponds. This research is meant to analyze the using of mangrove forest are financially as a pond area, so we could know that has been occured, which was arranged to combine the ecology and social economic aspect in human life.
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Judul: Kajian Finansial Usahatani Tambak Tumpangsari Sistem Empang Parit di Hutan Mangrove:Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Legonkulon, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Mangrove forest as unique ecosystem supports an important life in coastal area,and has ecological functions as nutrient supplier for its biota, place for spawning and nursery ground, coastal abrasion buffer, protect from hurricane and tsunami, waste absorber, salt water intrusion defender and others. Besides, mangrove forest has high economic values like as wood and herbal produc tions, fisheries catchments etc. Farther, mangrove forest as habitats for various bird, reptile, mammals other and wildlife, it provides a rich biodiversity and genetic pool this supporting life system. Mangrove protects water quality, absorb CO2 and produce O2 higher than other type of forest. Mangrove has high ecological function and economic value that give benefit for local community requirement. To increase and preserve biological and ecological function of mangrove forest need rational approach. Empang parit system provide application alternative of sylvofishery estimaties of economic value needed for managing mangrove forest to give sustainable benefits for its community. Base on calculation and analysis of its which pattern 80% forest and 20% fishpond in Kecamatan Logonkulon, Kabupaten Subang give highest economic result. Its parameter use Return Cost Ratio analysis (R/C), Return of investment, profit and Break Even Point (BEP) Keyword : Mangrove forest, empang parit , analysis of finansial, usahatani,
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum