Judul: Simulasi Numerik untuk Pola Sebaran Suhu Kolektor Surya Pelat Datar Tipe Back-pass Cover Semi Tertutup
Abstrak: Solar energy is abundantly available, so this energy is very potential to be developed, especially in Indonesia. One of the alternative to utilize solar energy is using back-pass flat plate solar collector. The thermal energy produced by the collector can be used for crop drying. In this study, the back-pass flat plate solar collector with semi-closed cover was connected to a drying box and the thermal energy will flow into it. The effect of variation of the length of cover percentage at several tilt angle to the collector performance (temperature distribution and mass flow rate) were investigated experimentally and numerically. Numerical simulation result showed that cover of 60% had adequated to produce the air temperature above 40oC that can be used for drying most of agricultural products. Increasing percentage of cover to 80% or 100% did not improve air temperature significantly. Even the effect would increase collector manufacturing cost. The results of numerical simulations showed that tilt angle 45o had optimum mass flow rate, it was about 0.009 kg/s. Validation with experiment data showed that total error was below 10% and R2 varied from 0.76 until 0.98. Simulation of temperature distribution in drying box showed that temperature varied from 41 oC until 51 oC with error below 10% and R2 varied from 0.93-0.98.
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Judul: Uji Performansi Alat Pengering dengan Kolektor Surya Pelat Datar Tipe Back Pass Menggunakan Cover Semi Tertutup untuk Pengeringan Mangga (Mangifera indica, L.)
Abstrak: Kolektor surya pelat datar terdiri atas cover transparan, pelat absorber dan insulasi. Kolektor surya dapat digolongkan menjadi dua kategori yaitu unglazed air collector dan glazed air collector. Peniadaaan cover akan meningkatkan kinerja kolektor karena sinar matahari langsung diserap oleh absorber, namun akan meningkatkan koefisien kehilangan panas. Sedangkan penggunaan cover akan memerangkap panas yang lebih baik di dalam kolektor namun menghambat transmisivitas, maka diperlukan kolektor dengan cover semi tertutup. Pada kolektor terjadi efek chimney karena adanya perbedaan temperatur yang menyebabkan terjadinya aliran udara secara alami. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah merancang kolektor surya untuk udara dengan berbagai variasi ukuran cover dan kemiringan. Diharapkan dengan disain yang dimaksud dapat diketahui kolektor yang menghasilkan energi berguna terbesar dan dapat digunakan untuk pengeringan produk pertanian. Penelitian ini dibagi menjadi dua tahap. Tahap pertama yaitu merancang kolektor dengan berbagai variasi ukuran cover kemudian menguji kinerja kolektor. Tahap kedua yaitu merancang alat pengering kemudian melakukan pengujian alat pengering yang telah dibuat menggunakan mangga sebagai bahan percobaan. Kolektor yang dirancang terdiri atas enam kolektor dengan variasi cover yaitu cover 100%, cover 80%, cover 60%, cover 40%, cover 20% dan kolektor tanpa cover. Bagian utama kolektor yaitu cover (kaca transparan) menggunakan kaca indofigur tipe mislite FM5 untuk memerangkap radiasi yang masuk ke dalam kolektor dan mengurangi kehilangan panas secara konveksi. Kemudian pelat absorber menggunakan pelat alumunium dengan ketebalan 0.8 mm yang dicat hitam. Pemberian warna hitam agar dapat menyerap panas lebih banyak. Insulasi menggunakan armaflex untuk mengurangi kehilangan panas. Kemiringan kolektor dapat diatur dengan sudut 6°, 15°, 30°, 45° dan 60°. Pengujian kinerja kolektor dilakukan lima kali percobaan yaitu percobaan 1 (kemiringan 6°), percobaan 2 (kemiringan 15°), percobaan 3 (kemiringan 30°), percobaan 4 (kemiringan 45°) dan percobaan 5 (kemiringan 60°). Kolektor menghadap ke arah utara karena pada bulan Maret sampai September matahari berada pada bumi belahan utara.
Keyword: Flat plate collector, Solar air heater, Drying

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua