Judul: Perbedaan pengaruh tepung tempe dan tepung tahu terhadap estrogen serum, beta amiloid serum, dan fungsi kognitif pada tikus betina dengan ovariektomi
Abstrak: The aims of this study were to measure the content of isoflavone, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, and protein in tempe and tofu flours, to analized the effect of tempe and tofu flours on serum estrogen and amyloid beta level, and cognitive function in ovariectomized female rats. Seventy two (72) white female Sprague Dawley strain rats, aged 12 months use for this study. Before the intervention all rats had ovariectomy (OVx) surgical treatments and were grouped into 5 intervention groups (each 4 rats): tempe flour, tofu flour, estradiol, casein; and non ovariectomy. Analysis of estrogen serum is using Elisa Reagents Estradiol/ ELISA EIA-2693. Analysis of serum beta amyloid by Elisa Reagent Amyloid Beta Peptide 1-40 (AB1-40) (E90864Ra). Cognitive function was measured using a labyrin. Processing and data analysis, to see the average and the average difference between the treatment groups used One-Way ANOVA with Polynomial Contrass Post Hoc LSD. Analysis of the correlation between variables is done using correlation test. Analysis of the variables that influence cognitive function by Multiple Linear Regression. The results showed that isoflavone content (genestein) in tempe flour (50.558 mg/100 g) two times higher than tofu flour (19.923 mg/100 g). Nutrient content (vitamin B6, vitamin B12, folic acid, and protein) of tempe flour more higher than tofu flour. Nutrient content in soybean flour as follows: vitamin B6 (0.28 mg/100 g), vitamin B12 (0.97 mcg/100 g), folic acid (0.0251 mg/100 g). Nutrient content of tofu flour is vitamin B6 (0.19 mg/100g). Tofu flour not contains vitamin B12 and folic acid. Protein of tempe flour content (41.5%) lower than the tofu (47.4%). Tempe flour group had a significant (P<0.05) increase compared to after OVx (baseline 2), while the increase in serum estrogen of tofu flour group were not significant (P>0.05). Tempe flour group compared with baseline 2 showed a significant decrease (P<0.05), while in the tofu flour group was not significant (P>0.05). Based on the difference test between the tempe flour group with baseline 2 show an increase score in cognitive function significantly (P<0.05), while the tofu group not significantly different (P>0.05). Multiple Linear Regression test results showed that the most variables associated with cognitive function is amyloid beta (P<0.05). Conclusions this study is the content of nutrients and isoflavones (genistein) on tempe flour higher than tofu flour. Intervention by tempe flour can increase serum estrogen and may decrease beta amyloid, abdominal fat and body weight in female rats with ovariectomy. Beta amyloid serum is the variable most associated with cognitive function. Suggested for further research is to measure cognitive function of other aspects such as memory, the content of serotonin, dopamine, plaque on brain.
Keyword: tempe flour, tofu flour, estrogen, amyloid beta, cognitve function, ovariectomized female rats

Judul: Perubahan Kadar Hormon Estrogen Pada Tikus Yang Diberi Tepung Kedelai Dan Tepung Tempe
Abstrak: Soybean and tempeh contains isoflavon compound. The isoflavon molecule structure is similar with endogen estrogen. Hence, isoflavon is able to bond with estrogen reseptor so it can replace estrogen function. Estrogen hormone level have a large variation depend on estrus cycle phase. The objective of the research was to prove exogenous estrogen that produced by soybean flour and tempeh flour increases estrogen hormone level of ovariectomy rat, and to compare the ovariectomy rat estrogen hormone level that given soybean flour and tempeh flour. The experimental method used in this research is Randomized complete design with 6 block of treatments and 5 times repetition. The block of treatments are non-ovariectomy rat fed by pelet/control (Non-ov K), non-ovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight/day soybean flour (Non-ov Kd), nonovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight/day tempeh flour (Non-ov T), ovariectomy rat fed by pelet/control (Ov K), ovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight/day soybean flour (Ov Kd), ovariectomy rat fed by 10 g dry weight/100 g body weight/day tempeh flour (Ov T). The data of estrogen level is analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and then continued by Duncan Multiple Range Test at 95% confidence interval (5% significance level). Non-ovariectomy rat that given tempeh flour have longer estrus cycle than the non ovariectomy rat that given soybean flour. The isoflavon contained on the tempeh flour and soybean flour have an effect on vagina epitel, that is the proliferation and cornification on vagina epitel cell. Estrogen hormone level on non-ovariectomy rat fed by tempeh flour is higher than the estrogen hormone level on non- ovariectomy rat fed by soybean flour. The length of the estrus phase between the ovariectomy rat fed by tempeh flour, and ovariectomy rat fed by soybean flour equal to non ovariectomy rat fed by pelet. The added of soybean flour and tempeh flour to ovariectomy rat optimize estrogen hormone in order to happening the estrus phase. The added of tempeh flour to non ovariectomy and ovariectomy rat is better than the soybean flour.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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