Judul: Acute Toxicity test of Lime Juice (Citrus aurantifolia) in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan jeruk nipis di masyarakat didukung oleh kandungan bahan aktif jeruk nipis sebagai antiseptik, antelmintik, antijamur, antibakteri, antivirus, antikanker, antioksidan, dan antidiare. Pengujian toksisitas akut dilakukan untuk menilai tingkat keamanan sari buah jeruk nipis. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor mencit betina yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok; 1 kelompok kontrol dan 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok kontrol diberi aquades dan kelompok perlakuan diberi sari buah jeruk nipis dengan dosis 2, 4, 8, dan 16 g/kg bobot badan. Pemberian sari buah jeruk nipis dan aquades menggunakan sonde lambung dan diberikan dalam dosis tunggal. Kematian diamati 14 hari setelah perlakuan. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tidak ditemukan perubahan perilaku dan didapatkan nilai LD50, yaitu 16 g/kg bobot badan yang termasuk dalam kategori praktis tidak toksik. Perubahan bobot badan dan bobot organ tidak berbeda nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% (p <0,05), dan tidak ditemukan kelainan secara makroskopis pada organ., The use of lime in the community is supported by the activity coumpound of lime as an antiseptic, anthelmintic, antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antioxidant, and antidiarrheal. Acute toxicity testing was carried out to assess the safety level oflime juice. This study used 20 female mice which were divided into 5 groups; 1 control group and 4 treatment groups. The control group was fed with distilled water and the treatment groups were fed with lime juice with 2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight doses. Lime juice and distilled water were administered using a gastric tube and given in a single dose. Mortality was observed 14 days after treatment. Based on research results, there was no change in behavior and obtained LD50 value was 16 g/kg body weight which was included in the category of practical non-toxic. Changes in body weight and organ weight were not significantly different at the 95% confidence level (p <0.05), and there was no abnormality found in macroscopic organs.
Keyword: body weight, LD50, lime

Judul: Histopathological Description of the Liver and Kidney of Mice (Mus musculus) in the Acute Toxicity Test of Mangkokan Leaf  (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr.)
Abstrak: Uji toksisitas merupakan salah satu pengujian yang dilakukan untuk menilai keamanan suatu senyawa kimia. Uji toksisitas akut ini dilakukan untuk menentukan nilai toksisitas akut ekstrak daun mangkokan (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr.) dengan metode Thompson dan Weil serta mendeskripsikan gambaran histopatologi organ hati dan ginjal pada mencit. Penelitian ini menggunakan hewan coba sebanyak 16 ekor mencit dan dibagi menjadi 4 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan diberi suspensi sediaan uji ekstrak daun mangkokan dengan dosis bertingkat sebanyak 3, 6, 12, 24 g/kg bobot badan (BB). Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan secara oral menggunakan sonde lambung dan diberikan dalam dosis tunggal. Mortalitas dan gejala klinis diamati pada 24 jam pertama setelah perlakuan dan dilanjutkan pengamatan selama 6 hari berikutnya. Pengamatan histopatologi dilakukan dengan mengambil organ hati dan ginjal mencit setelah dilakukannya nekropsi. Bobot badan, bobot hati dan ginjal ditimbang dan dianalisis secara statistik dengan one way ANOVA, sedangkan hasil pengamatan histopatologi disajikan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat mencit yang mengalami gejala klinis dan kematian setelah diberikan ekstrak daun mangkokan hingga dosis 24 g/kg BB. Bobot badan dan bobot organ mencit tidak berbeda nyata (p>0.05) antar perlakuan. Pengamatan histopatologi tidak menunjukkan adanya perubahan atau kelainan pada organ hati dan ginjal., Toxicity assay is one of the tests performed to assess the safety of a chemical compound. This acute toxicity test was carried out to determine the acute toxicity value of mangkokan leaf extract (Nothopanax scutellarium Merr.) using the Thompson and Weil method and to describe the histopathological features of the liver and kidneys in mice. This study used 16 mice as experimental animals and divided them into four treatment groups. The treatment group was given a suspension of the mangkokan leaf extract test preparation with graded doses of 3, 6, 12, and 24 g/kg body weight (BB). The extract is administered orally using a gastric tube and given in a single dose. Mortality and clinical symptoms were observed in the first 24 hours after treatment and continued observation for the next six days. For the histopathological assay made by taking the liver and kidneys of mice after necropsy. Body weight, liver, and kidney weights were weighed and statistically analyzed using one-way ANOVA, while the results of the histopathological assay were presented descriptively. The results showed no mice with clinical symptoms and death after being given mangkokan leaf extract up to 24 g/kg BW dose. The body and organ weight of mice were not significantly different (p>0.05) between treatments. The histopathological assay showed not any changes or abnormalities in the liver and kidneys.
Keyword: histopatologi, Nothopanax scutellarium Merr., uji toksisitas akut

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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