Judul: Analysis of Infrastructure Contribution to Labor Force Productivity of Industrial Sector in Indonesia
Abstrak: The existency of industrial sector as the biggest contributor sector in Indonesian economics and its structure which is labor intensive makes labor force productivity which is gained in industrial sector becomes main factor to determined Indonesian competitiveness. Empirical studies so far shows that environment support-whether in micro and macro-could rising labor force productivity. Meanwhile this support is including availability of adequate infrastructure. Besides the infrastructure, existency of natural resources and human resources also influence to selecting location of industrial factories. The potentials of natural resources and human resources which are support by adequate infrastructure in a region will create a concentration of industrial factories, eventually it will increased agglomeration level. At the end it will increased the productivity of that factories. Estimation result shows that lack of infrastructure availability and human resources in Eastern Indonesia (KTI) makes less number of industrial factories in this area. On the contrary, adequate support of infrastructure and also enough support of human resources in Western Indonesia (KBI) made factories tend to located in this area in order to exploit these resources, which is marked by a huge number of factories. In relation with productivity level is this made industrial agglomeration that occurred in KBI has a significant influence to increase labor force productivity. But in contrary, agglomeration in KTI has not influenced the increasing of labor force productivity. Meanwhile, direct contribution of infrastructure to labor force productivity shows that infrastructure influencing the increasing of productivity in both area. Therefore, acceleration of infrastructure development is necessary for the availability of adequate infrastructure facilities, especially in eastern Indonesia, so it can attract businesses to located in the region. Growing industry in eastern Indonesia will also reduce the gap between KBI and KTI and ensure national defense as a whole because it reduces the economic concentration in a particular area. The concentration of economy in a particular area can be bad for the economy in general, if there is turbulence in the region. In connection with the huge funds needed to improve infrastructure services, both increasing capacity and infrastructure maintenance and care, the government's cooperation with the private sector through the mechanism of government and private partnership is the right choice in overcoming the shortage of infrastructure services.
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Judul: Dampak Pembangunan Infrastruktur dan Aglomerasi Industri terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Regional di Indonesia
Abstrak: In general, the Indonesia’s economic growth is significantly improved recently but the increase rate is different in each region which entitles to high regional disparity. One of the reasons why it occurs is because of the difference of infrastructure development in every region. Beside, the centralization of the economic activities tends to cause this issue. This study intends to analyze the effect of infrastructure development and industrial agglomeration to the regional economic growth in Indonesia. Based on productivity function of Cobb-Douglas model, the fixed effect model is used as data panel method which includes a range of data from 26 provinces in 1991-2007. The estimation in this study ensues to the influence of labor, investment, human capital, physical infrastructures (electricity and roads), industrial agglomeration, and economic crisis in 1997, while water infrastructure is not significant. Due to the estimation data result, the characteristic of production activity in Indonesia is labor-based with the labor elasticity rate of 0,27 higher than investment elasticity which is 0,10. Human capital variable holds the biggest effect with 0,34 score. Physical infrastructure (electricity and roads) is significantly influential with electricity elasticity indicates 0,33 score, higher than roads elasticity score of 0,13. In addition to this, industrial agglomeration contributes positive effect on economic growth which is indicated by 0,04 elasticity score. On the other hand, the negative coefficient score as a result of economic crisis in 1997 obstructs the economic growth. To sum up, variables which deliver positive influence for regional economic growth in Indonesia are human capital, electricity, roads, and industrial agglomeration. Furthermore, distribution of infrastructure development, education, and centralization of the economy activity should be applied in order to reduce regional disparity.
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Judul: Nilai Taksonomi Ciri Morfologi Tumbuhan Berdaun Saputangan dalam Caesalpiniaceae.
Abstrak: Pemoposan daun (leaf flushing) merupakan salah satu bagian dari perkembangan vegetatif tumbuhan yang ditandai dengan proses keluarnya daun muda secara mengelompok sekaligus. Caesalpiniaceae merupakan salah satu suku tumbuhan yang lima marganya yaitu Amherstia, Brownea, Cynometra, Maniltoa, dan Saraca memiliki karakteristik pemoposan daun yang dikenal dengan sebutan tumbuhan “daun saputangan”. Kelompok ini banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai tanaman hias dan juga peneduh jalan. Pemoposan daun pada suku Caesalpiniaceae terbentuk karena adanya pengaruh proses fenologi perkembangan struktur kuncup kelompok daun-daun muda yang muncul di ujung ranting dan tampak bergelayutan mirip helaian sekelompok saputangan yang diikat bersama pada salah satu bagian ujungnya. Di lembaga herbarium jarang ditemukan koleksi spesimen daun muda lima marga pada suku Caesalpiniaceae yang memiliki ciri daun saputangan dan juga belum pernah dilakukan penelitian mengenai daun muda tersebut. Sebagai akibatnya sampai saat ini belum ditemukan karakter daun muda dalam kunci identifikasi sebagai pembeda jenis lima marga tersebut. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengenal atau mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis dalam kelompok suku Caesalpiniaceae berdaun saputangan berdasarkan ciri pemoposan daun, serta mencari makna kegunaan pemoposan daun sebagai ciri diagnostik untuk membedakan jenis tumbuhan. Pengamatan tumbuhan berdaun saputangan suku Caesalpiniaceae dilakukan di Bogor, Cibinong, dan Dramaga. Pengamatan dilakukan pada 16 jenis tumbuhan hidup yang tumbuh di Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB), lingkungan sekitar kampus IPB Dramaga dan spesimen herbarium yang disimpan di Herbarium Bogoriense. Pengataman morfologi dilakukan untuk keperluan melihat variasi ciri vegetatif yang akan digunakan untuk menyusun kunci identifikasi dan deskripsi jenis. Spesimen yang telah diidentifikasi disimpan di Herbarium Bogoriense (BO). Proses pemoposan tumbuhan berdaun saputangan yang ditemukan pada penelitian ini memiliki variasi pada adanya fase kuncup dorman yang berbentuk kerucut, bulat, dan bulat telur serta memiliki warna cokelat dengan panjang mulai dari 1.2-2.7 mm. Kuncup dorman ditemukan pada marga Maniltoa, Brownea, dan Cynometra. Semuanya dilindungi oleh sekelompok sisik-sisik daun (perula) yang ditutup oleh indumentum kuncup yang meroma, berbulu balig, berbulu sikat, memisai, atau mengewol. Pada pihak lain, Saraca dan Amherstia tidak terlihat adanya kuncup dorman. Fase kuncup tumbuh memiliki variasi bentuk yaitu melanset, melanset bagian tengah agak lebar, melanset pendek, melonjong, melancor, yang panjangnya mulai 0.5 cm sampai 7 cm. Tipe pelipatan dalam kuncup bervariasi, bisa ekuitan (Maniltoa, Brownea, Cynometra) dan melingkar (Saraca, Amherstia). Fase tumbuh diikuti oleh fase daun saputangan muncul yang lamanya bervariasi mulai dari satu minggu (Cynometra), dua minggu (Amherstia, Brownea, Saraca) hingga tiga minggu (Maniltoa). Fase daun saputangan muncul menandai awal proses pemoposan daun. Pola tipe penggulungan daun dalam kuncup yaitu tergulung masuk (involute) misalnya Maniltoa, atau terlipat sekali secara adaksial atau ke dalam (conduplicate) misalnya Saraca dan Amherstia, menggulung-gulung sampai tergulung masuk (supervolute-involute) pada Brownea, dan menggulunggulung (supervolute) pada Cynometra. Fase daun saputangan terlipat merupakan fase yang masih kelanjutan dari proses pemoposan daun yang ditandai dengan perula yang sudah mulai luruh. Warna daun muda yaitu putih kekuningan-merah jambon pucat, merah jambon, putih kehijauan, hijau muda dengan bagian tepinya berwarna merah jambon, merah jambon muda, ungu tua bercorak hijau, merah keunguan, merah kecokelatan, putih dengan bagian tepi merah jambon, dan coklat muda. Variasi ciri yang terlihat pada fase daun saputangan terlipat meliputi tipe indumentum tangkai daun (meroma, mengewol, berbulu balig, berbulu sikat, memisai), warna indumentum
Keyword: kepentingan diagnosis, pemoposan daun, penciri jenis