Judul: Macrozoobenthos Ecological Characteristics as a Water Quality Indicator at Margagiri-Grenyang Coastal Waters, Banten Bay
Abstrak: Makrozoobentos hidup menetap di dasar perairan dengan pergerakan lambat dan daur hidup relatif lama, sehingga mampu merespon perubahan kondisi perairan secara kontinyu. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik ekologi makrozoobentos sebagai indikator kualitas perairan Pantai Margagiri-Grenyang, Teluk Banten. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli hingga November 2022 dengan enam titik stasiun pengamatan. Sampel bentos diambil menggunakan Petersen Grab serta dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air secara insitu dan eksitu. Data dianalisis menggunakan PCA, indeks similaritas, serta AMBI dan M-AMBI. Makrozoobentos di lokasi penelitian tersusun atas enam filum (Moluska, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Hoplonemertea, dan Nemertea). Kepadatan marozoobentos tertinggi terdapat pada bulan Juli (3178 ind/m2 ) dengan keanekaragaman (H’) sedang (2,535-2,758), keseragaman (E) sedang-tinggi (0,742-0,833), serta dominansi (C) rendah (0,157-0,241). Berdasarkan PCA, persebaran makrozoobentos dipengaruhi oleh parameter kekeruhan dan TSS. Analisis AMBI dan M-AMBI menunjukkan 72% makrozoobentos termasuk kelompok yang bersifat sensitif dengan nilai M-AMBI berkisar 0,65-0,98. Hal ini artinya makrozobentos tidak mengalami gangguan ekologi dan status kualitas perairan diindikasikan baik-sangat baik., Macrozoobenthos live sedentary at the bottom of the waters with slow movements and a relatively long life cycle, so they are able to respond continuously to changes in water conditions. The aim of this research is to analyze the ecological characteristics of macrozoobenthos as an indicator of water quality at MargagiriGrenyang Beach, Banten Bay. The research was carried out in July to November 2022 with six observations station points. Benthic samples were taken using Petersen Grab and water quality was measured in situ and ex situ. Datas were analyzed using PCA, similarity index, and AMBI and M-AMBI. The macrozoobenthos at the study site are composed of six phyla (Moluscs, Annelida, Echinodermata, Arthropoda, Hoplonemertea, and Nemertea). The highest density of marozoobenthos was found in July (3178 ind/m2) with moderate (2.535-2.758) diversity (H'), medium-high (0.742-0.833) evenness (E), and low (0.157-0.241) dominance (C). Based on PCA, the distribution of macrozoobenthos is influenced by turbidity and TSS parameters. AMBI and M-AMBI analysis showed that 72% of macrozoobenthos belonged to a sensitive group with M-AMBI values from 0.65- 0.98. This means that macrozobenthos does not experience ecological disturbances and the water quality status is indicated to be good-high (very good).
Keyword: Banten Bay, macrozoobenthos, water quality

Judul: The Relationship between Macrozoobenthos Community Structure and Water Quality in Domas Coastal Waters, Banten Bay
Abstrak: Aktivitas yang terjadi di sekitar Pantai Domas dapat berpotensi menyebabkan perubahan kualitas perairan. Organisme makrozoobentos dapat digunakan sebagai tanda adanya gangguan pada ekosistem perairan karena kepekaannya yang tinggi terhadap perubahan kualitas air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur komunitas makrozoobentos yang berasosiasi dengan kondisi kualitas air dan sedimen Perairan Pesisir Domas Teluk Banten. Penelitian dilakukan mulai Agustus 2021 hingga Januari 2022 di enam stasiun. Pengambilan sampel makrozoobentos dilakukan dengan mengambil sedimen menggunakan Van Veen Grab sebanyak tiga kali ulangan. Analisis dilakukan untuk memperkirakan kepadatan makrozoobentos, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, indeks dominasi, tipe substrat, indeks similaritas, dan hubungan kualitas air dengan kepadatan makrozoobentos menggunakan CCA. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh enam kelas dan 52 genus dan paling banyak ditemukan kelas Bivalvia dan Gastropoda. Kepadatan total tertinggi terjadi pada Stasiun 5 (bulan Januari) yaitu sebesar 2151 ind/m2 dan terendah pada Stasiun 3 (bulan Agustus) yaitu sebesar 18 ind/m2. Berdasarkan nilai indeks keanekaragaman, kemerataan dan dominansi, perairan pantai ini memiliki keanekaragaman berkisar dari rendah sampai sedang, dengan dominan makrozoobentos pada waktu dan lokasi tertentu. Secara umum, kualitas air di Perairan Pantai Domas masih layak untuk kehidupan makrozoobentos., Activities that occur around Domas Beach can potentially cause changes in water quality. Macrozoobenthos organisms can be used as a sign of disturbance in aquatic ecosystems because of their high sensitivity to changes in air quality. This study aims to analyze the macrozoobenthic community structure associated with water quality and sediment conditions in the Domas Coastal Waters of Banten Bay. The research was conducted from August 2021 to January 2022 at six stations. Macrozoobenthos sampling was carried out by taking sediments using the Van Veen Grab with three replicates. Analysis was performed for makrozoobenthos density, diversity index, evenness index, dominance index, substrate type, index similarity, and the relationship between air quality and macrozoobenthos density using CCA. Based on the results of the study, six classes and 52 genera were obtained, and the most common classes were Bivalvia and Gastropods. The highest total density occurred at Station 5 (January) which was 2151 ind/m2, and the lowest was at Station 3 (August), which was 18 ind/m2. Based on the value of the carbon index, evenness, and dominance, these coastal waters have a tendency that varies from low to moderate, with macrozoobenthos being dominant at certain times and locations. In general, the air quality in the Domas coastal waters is still suitable for macrozoobenthos life.
Keyword: aquatic environment, diversity, macrozoobenthos

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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