Judul: The impact of fertilizer and rice price on the sosial income
Abstrak: it was recorded that the goverment intervention in rice marketing in Indonesia had been initiated since early time of the Dutch Colonial, when Sunan Amangkurat I, in 1655, prohibited the export of rice up to 300 percent (de Vries, 1937). During almost three centuries, the Dutch Colonial Intervention was was a very mild one. During that period of time the goverment only created the climates by prohibiting and encouraging the export and import of rice. It was not until 1939, when "Stichting het Voedingmiddelenfonds" (Goverment Food Foundation) was established, the physical intervention was exercised. The Foundation was assigned to buy, stocking and sell food.
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Judul: Dampak Perubahan Harga Beras Dunia terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Indonesia pada Berbagai Kondisi Transmisi Harga dan Kebijakan Domestik
Abstrak: Rice is the main staple food in Indonesia. Rice self-sufficiency policy has become a government priority to ensure the availability of food at favorable prices for farmers. It has caused a distortion in Indonesian rice market. World rice prices fluctuate from year to year and increased sharply, especially in 2007 and early 2008. The high world price becomes an important issue in Indonesia due to the inelastic nature of rice commodity. The objectives of this study are (1) to analyze price transmission and rice market integration of world markets to domestic market, (2) to analyze the impact of changes in world rice price on producer and consumer welfare with different scenarios of price transmission, and (3) to analyze changes in world price and domestic policy (government purchases price policy, import tariffs and import quotas of rice) impact on producers and consumers welfare. Market integration and rice price transmission is analyzed by estimating the Ravallion model and calculate the Market Integration Index (MII). Effect of change in world rice prices on the community welfare in various price transmission and domestic policy conditions are analyzed with simulation of Indonesian rice market integration model. The results showed that Indonesia's rice market is integrated with the world rice market with very weak degree. Changes in world market prices are transmitted to the Indonesian rice market, but not perfect. Increase in world rice prices could lead to the increase of farmers’ welfare, while consumers’ welfare decreases. World prices change will give a higher impact on public welfare when the domestic rice market conditions increasingly integrated with world markets. HPP policy is effective in stabilizing domestic rice prices and protecting farmers. But the increase in import tariffs by 10 per cent has not been able to protect farmers from world prices decline. However, the policy of 1.57 million tons annual import quotas can reduce farmers welfare and improve consumers welfare and able to protect consumers from the increase in world prices. Therefore, the strategic role of rice commodity has lead to the importance of government intervention to maintain domestic rice prices.
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Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology