Judul: Pengukuran Emisi CO₂ dari Tanah Pekarangan Untuk Wilayah Perkotaan
Abstrak: CO₂ emissions generated from below the ground surface is derived from plant root respiration and activity of organismes in the soil. The amount of CO₂ emissions between different fields, depends on the diversity and density of existing vegetation, soil type and managed. The purpose of this study was to measure the CO₂ emissions from garden soil for urban areas and compare the levels of CO₂ emissions generated by land vegetated with non-vegetation land on mineral soil. The measurement results indicate CO₂ emissions generated before treatment from highest to lowest sorted plot 1, plot 4, plot 2 and plot 3. But after the treatment, CO₂ emissions are sorted from highest to lowest is the plot 2 (PO and GM), plot 3 (PO), plot 1 (soil) and plot 4 (PO and JP). Emission factors affecting changes before and after treatment is soil temperature, soil moisture, organic content, plant age and land cover type.
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Judul: Pengaruh waktu dan titik pengukuran terhadap emisi Karbondioksida dan Metan di lahan gambut kebun Kelapa Sawit PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Labuhan Batu, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: The conversion of forest to estate plantation takes into account by the world because of the high potential of greenhouse gases emission such as CO2 and CH4. This is due to the opening of oil palm plantation widely and the developed of plant forest which is planned by the Indonesian Government in both mineral soil and peatland. The objectives of this research were to (1) measure and examine the flux and emission of green house gases (CO2 and CH4) at the certain ages of the oil palm (TBM, TM 6, TM 12, and TM 18), (2) examine the effect of the distance from drainage and time measurement on greenhouse emission in oil palm plantation at the certain ages (TBM, TM 6, TM 12, and TM 18). This research was conducted at the peatland of oil palm plantation in Panai Jaya and Meranti Paham, PT Perkebunan Nusantara IV, Labuhan Batu, North Sumatera in 2008-2009. The measurement was conducted in the morning and afternoon which was begun by choosing the location based on the distance of 50 m, 100 m, and 150 m from drainage ditch. The gases were sampled under the auspices of the plant, the and of the plant canopy, and the sidelines between plant by using the closed chamber and analyzed by using Micro GC CP 4900 for each plot. Randomized complete block design was applied to identify the effect on emissions. The highest emission of CO2 occured in TM 18 (45.45 tons/ha/year) and then TM 12 (43 tons/ha/year), TBM (41.79 tons/ha/year) and the lowest was in TM 6 (38.52 tons/ha/year). The emission of CH4 decreased with increament of the depth of water table. The highest emission of CH4 was 7.70 tons/ha/year (TM 12) and followed 5.72 tons/ha/year (TBM), 5.59 tons/ha/year (TM 6) and lowest was 5.50 tons/ha/year (TM 18). In general, emission of CO2 increased with further distance from drainage ditch, but there was found that CO2 emission was not affected by the distance of drainage ditch. In line with the effect of time, emission of CO2 in the afternoon is higher than in the morning because of the increasing of temperature, but it was found the opposite which CO2 was not affected by temperature. Analysis of variance showed that CO2 emission was not significantly affected by the distance from drainage ditch and time measurement.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii