Judul: Analisis konflik sumber daya alam di Pegunungan Kendeng Utara, Kabupaten Pati, Provinsi Jawa Tengah (Studi kasus : Rencana pembangunan pabrik semen oleh PT. SMS di Kecamatan Tambakromo dan Kayen)
Abstrak: A Natural resources conflict is not new things in Indonesia. Most of the conflicts that occur are because of the differences in a perspectives and interests in resource. This matter is reflected on Kendeng Mountains conflict resources in Pati residence. Development planning of cement factory (PT.SMS) to be established in Pati residence is caused many conflicts in society. This is because the natural vi resources that have existed become the foundation of the people there will be exploited soon by the private parties. The concern is about the extinction of the resources in Kendeng Mountains strongly rejected by the people in developing the cement factory, but the local government and some parties are supported the development of this cement factory. The differences idealism of each actor becomes the main factor of this problem. As a result, conflicts are inevitable. The purpose of this study is to identify the actors involved the conflict about the SDA Mountains Kendeng and analyze a typology of this conflict which is happening in District Tambakromo and Kayen. The method that is used is qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with a snowballing technique and observation the field. The results of the study is to identify the actors who are involved in the conflict of interest SDA Kendeng Mountains into eight groups, there are grassroot organization (pro with cement factory), grassroot organization (contra with cement factory), NGO’s (green party), NGO’s (local party), government (local and national), religious groups, private (PT. SMS), and academics / researchers. While, the conflict that is happened, has a latent characteristics and change fluctuate become manifest as a result of the intervention of other actors.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), typology of conflict., interest, actor, natural resources, conflict

Judul: Konflik-konflik sumberdaya hutan di Jawa Barat dan Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
Abstrak: The role of forests as a basis of human livelihood has occurred for a long time since the world’s early agricultural history. Throughout history, it has shown that the people’s living strategy has different patterns, influenced by culture and social changes. However, changes had to be carried out to respond to conflicts that occur due to the entry of state policy on the management of forest areas. By taking the exemplary case of conflicts in two locations, namely Mount Halimun Salak National Park (T.N.G.H.S.) located in the Bogor Regency, Sukabumi Regency and Lebak Regency, West Java and Banten Provinces, and Sungai Utik Forest, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province, through constructivist research methods and qualitative approach, the author can say that these forest resource conflicts always occur involving multiple parties with multiple interests. At least in the case of T.N.G.H.S. there are two parties in conflict, namely the State and the indigenous people of Kasepuhan, whereas in the case of Sungai Utik, it involves many parties, namely the State (Central Government), the State (Local Government), businessmen who are affiliated with the Central Government and businessmen who are affiliated with the Local Government and the indigenous people of Dayak Iban in Sungai Utik. Conflicts at T.N.G.H.S. occur because the state issued a policy on the expansion of the national park, while conflicts at Sungai Utik Forest occur because the state (Central Government) issued the Business License for Timber Management (I.U.P.H.H.K.) policy for businessmen, and the Local Government also issued the Business Licence for Plantation (I.U.P.) policy in the same region. Based on the phenomenon of conflicts in T.N.G.H.S. and Sungai Utik Forest, it can be said that conflicts of forest resources are conflicts of meaning, conflicts of tenur, conflicts of authority and conflicts of livelihood. Foucault's theory was used to see the conflict of meaning. The meaning is affected by the knowledge of the actor. This knowledge empowers the actors to claim the area as their property and gives them the power to control and to manage the forest resources. To analyze conflicts of tenur, conflicts of authority and conflicts of livelihood, the Dahrendorf conflict theory was used. Through the analysis of the Dahrendorf conflict theory, it can be said that the sharper the conflict of forest resources, the more visible the presence of the subordinated party and the other party that becomes the super ordinate. The indigenous people are the subordinated party, whereas the state is the super ordinate party. The more subordinated the people, the less the authority they have, and the more difficult the indigenous people obtain their interest on the right of access to forest management; thus the more resilient the people become in finding various supports for conflict resolution. Based on the phenomena found on location, conflicts of forest resources in the Kasepuhan community and the Dayak Iban community of Sungai Utik gave birth to a new theory, namely “the theory of social resilience in the fight over forest resources”. The resilience is understood as a struggle for survival. Each community has a different level of resilience. Communities
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Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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