Judul: Substitution of Soybean Meal with Defatted Black Soldier Fly  (BSF) Larvae Meal on Nutrient Digestibility of Growing Lambs
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi kecernaan nutrien pada domba fase pertumbuhan yang diberi konsentrat starter mengandung 10% bungkil larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) sebagai substitusi bungkil kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 domba lokal fase pertumbuhan dengan rataan bobot badan 25,53 ± 3,23 kg. Domba dibagi menjadi 2 perlakuan dengan 5 ulangan, yaitu P1 = konsentrat mengandung 22% bungkil kedelai dan P2 = konsentrat mengandung 11% bungkil kedelai dan 10% bungkil larva BSF + hijauan. Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi nutrien dan kecernaan nutrien. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji–T. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan 10% bungkil larva BSF tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi nutrien serta kecernaan nutrien. Disimpulkan bahwa substitusi bungkil kedelai dengan 10% bungkil larva BSF dapat digunakan sebagai bahan konsentrat starter., The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutrient digestibility of growing lamb fed starter concentrate containing 10% Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal for as a substitute for soybean meal. This research used 10 local growing lambs (average body weight of 25.53 ± 3.23 kg). The lambs were divided into two treatments with five replications consisted of P1 = concentrate with 22% of soybean meal and P2 = concentrate with 11% of soybean meal and 10% of BSF larvae meal. The parameters measured were nutrient intake and digestibility. The data were analyzed using independent Sample T–test. The result showed that substitution of 10% soybean meal with BSF larvae meal did not affect (P>0.05) nutrient intake and digestibility. It was concluded that substitution of soybean meal with 10% BSF larvae meal can be used as a starter concentrate for growing lamb.
Keyword: black soldier fly larvae meal, local lamb, nutrients digestibility

Judul: Subtitution of Soybean Meal With Defatted Black Soldier Larvae Meal in Starter Concentrate on Performance of Lamb
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan substitusi bungkil kedelai dengan defatted Black Soldier Fly larvae meal pada konsentrat starter terhadap performa domba fase pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 10 ekor anak domba fase pertumbuhan umur 5 bulan dengan bobot badan 13,95±3,07 kg dan ditempatkan pada kandang individu. Domba dibagi menjadi 2 perlakuan yaitu P1 = konsentrat starter mengandung 22% bungkil kedelai + hijauan, P2 = konsentrat starter mengandung (11% bungkil kedelai + 10% defatted BSF larvae meal) + hijauan. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah konsumsi nutrien (konsumsi bahan kering, konsumsi protein kasar, konsumsi lemak kasar, konsumsi serat kasar, konsumsi bahan ekstrak tanpa nitrogen dan konsumsi total digestible nutrient), pertambahan bobot badan harian, efisiensi pakan dan income over feed cost. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji-T (Independent Sample T-Test). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan defatted BSF larvae meal tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi nutrien, pertambahan bobot badan harian, efisiensi pakan dan income over feed cost (IOFC)., This research aimed to determine the substitution of soybean meal with defatted Black Soldier Fly larvae meal in starter concentrate on performance of lamb in growth phase. A total of 10 growing lambs were used in this study (5 months, 13.95±3.07 kg). The lambs were divided into 2 treatments, name up P1 = starter concentrate containing 22% soybean meal + forage, P2 = starter concentrate containing 11% soybean meal + 10% defatted BSF larvae meal + forage. The parameters measured were nutrient intake (dry matter intake, crude protein intake, crude fat intake, crude fiber intake, nitrogen free extract intake and total digestible nutrient intake), average daily gain, feed efficiency, and income over feed cost. The data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed that the substitution of soybean meal with defatted Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae meal did not significantly affect (P>0,05) nutrient intake, average daily gain, feed efficiency and income over feed cost (IOFC).
Keyword: defatted Black Soldier Fly larvae meal, feed intake, growing lambs, performance

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite