Judul: Perubahan nilai gizi onggok yang diperkaya nitrogen bukan protein selama fermentasi dengan biakan kapang
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan jenis kapang, tingkat penambahan urea (sumber nitrogen) dan lama inkubasi untuk untuk mendapatkan nilai gizi produk onggok fermentasi (POF) yang optimum. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan yaitu percobaan faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap, terdiri dari tiga faktor (1) tiga jenis biakan kapang yaitu kapang tempe produksi LIPI, kpang Neurospora sitophila (kapang oncom) dan kapang Aspergillus oryzae (kpang kecap), (2) empat tingkat penamabahan urea yaitu 0.0 persen (tanpa penambahan urea), 0.4 persen, 0.8 persen dan 1.2 persen, (3) tiga tingkat lama inkubasi yaitu dua hari, empat hari dan enam hari…dst
Keyword: Nutritive value, Onggok, Kapang aspergillus

Judul: Penggunaan kultur campuran terhadap peningkatan nilai gizi onggok sebagai pakan broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Institut Pertanian Bogor, Laboratorium Kimia dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor dan Kandang Unggas Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak Fakultas Peternakan Institut Pertanian Bogor, dari bulan Mei 1992 sampai dengan bulan Desember 1992. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan produk onggok fermentasi (POF) yang baik dari kultur campuran berbeda selama fermentasi, dan mengetahui energi metabolis produk onggok fermentasi (POF). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Faktorial 3 X 3 ( tiga perbandingan kultur kapang, yaitu Aspergillus oryzae : Aspergillus niger = l : I, 2 : 1, dan 1 : 2 serta tiga lama inkubasi, yaitu 48, 96, dan 144 jam ) dengan tiga ulangan. Ternak yang digunakan 28 ekor ayam broiler Arbor Acres berat I - 1.5 kg. Penurunan pH, kadar air, serat kasar dan energi metabolis sejati (TMEn) sangat nyata {P < 0.01) meningkat akibat lama inkubasi. Sebaliknya perbandingan kultur kapang nyata terhadap penurunan pH, kadar serat kasar, AMEn dan TMEn (P < 0.05). Perlakuan perbandingan kultur kapang tidak nyata (P < 0.05) menurunkan pH POF. Lama inkubasi sangat nyata (P < 0.01) menurunkan pH POF. lnteraksi perbandingan kultur kapang dengan lama inkubasi sangat nyata (P < 0.01 ). Perlakuan perbandingan kultur kapang, lama inku basi dan interaksi kedua perlakuan sangat nyata (P < 0.01) terhadap kadar air POF. Perlakuan perbandingan kultur kapang dan lama inkubasi mengakibatkan peningkatan kadar air POF. Perlakuan perbandingan kultur kapang, lama inkubasi dan interaksi kedua perlakuan sangat nyata (P < 0.01) terhadap peningkatan kadar abu POF. Kadar protein kasar untuk setiap kombinasi per lakuan tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata (P < 0. 05). Kadar serat kasar dan energi metabolis sejati (TMEn) untuk setiap kombinasi perlakuan memperlihatkan perbedaan nyata (P < 0.01), sedangkan energi metabolis semu (AMEn) untuk setiap kombinasi perlakuan tidak memperlihatkan perbedaan yang nyata (P < 0.05).
Keyword: Broilers

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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