Judul: Pengaruh pemberian antibiotika doksisiklin, enrofloksasin, tilmikosin secara oral terhadap kapasitas fagositosi sel fagosit peritoneum pada ayam broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek dari pemberian beberapa antibiotika pada kapasitas fagositosis sel fagosit peritoneum menggunakan hewan coba ayam broiler (strain Hybro). Empat puluh ekor ayam broiler berumur tiga minggu yang dibagi dalam lima kelompok diberi perlakuan yang berbeda menggunakan empat macam antibiotika (tilosin, tilmikosin, enrofloksasin dan doksisiklin) dan satu kontrol (non medicated control) selama lima hari berturut-turut. Hewan di uji tantang secara injeksi intraperitoneum menggunakan Staphylococcus aureus non protein-A 24 jam setelah perlakuan terakhir. Satu jam setelah uji tantang, dilakukan pemanenan sel fagosit peritoneum dengan cara membuka abdomen dan menyedot cairan peritoneum, difiksasi diatas gelas preparat menggunakan methanol, lalu dilakukan pewarnaan dengan Giemsa untuk melihat sel fagosit dan bakteri menggunakan mikroskop cahaya. Penghitungan kapasitas fagositosis dilakukan dengan menghitung rata-rata jumlah bakteri yang difagosit oleh minimal 25 sel fagosit. Secara statistik kapasitas dari tiap-tiap perlakuan tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Selang waktu antara uji tantang dengan waktu panen tampaknya mempengaruhi kapasitas fagositosis sel fagosit.
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Judul: Pengaruh Imunomodulator Pemberian Antibiotika Enrofloksasin, Oksitetrasiklin, Dan Tilmikosin Terhadap Gambaran Ulas Darah Putih, Aktifitas Dan Kapasitas Fagositosis Sel Fagosit Peritoneum Ayam Broiler (Gauus Domesticus Strain Hybro).
Abstrak: The aim of this research is to evaluate the effect of enrojloxacin, oxytetracydin and tilmicosin on host immune system, especiauy on white blood ceus differentiation, phagocytic activity and capability from peritoneum jluids. Thirty two broiler chickens (three weeks old) were distributed into four different treatments, three groups of them were given antibiotics (enrojloxacin, oxytetracydin and tilmicosin) and one control (non medicated control). Treatments were set for 5 days using subcutaneous application with 24 hours interval. Preparation of blood slide were done 24 hours after the last treatment and before chauenged using a nonprotein A Staphylococcus aureus intra peritoneumly. Intra peritoneum jluid were harvested one hour after the chauenged by opening the abdomen and couected the jluid fouowed by fir:ation and staining using Giemsa. In this trial, au antibiotics treatments showed increased the number of heterophil and decreased of lymphocyte. In the other hand, the result also showed no Significant effect of monocyte, eosinophil and basophil number. Tilmicosin treated group could enhance the activity of phagocytic ceus. Statisticauy, au antibiotics treatments showed no significant effect of phagocytic capability between control and au antibiotics treatments.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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