Judul: Gene Variation 5-Htt Allele Coding Aggressiveness On Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo Abelii
Abstrak: Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii) merupakan kera besar yang daerah persebarannya hanya di Asia. Hewan ini merupakan primata yang agresif. Agresivitas dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, diantaranya oleh gen. Gen yang berperan yaitu gen 5-HTT yang merupakan penyandi transporter serotonin yang bekerja meregulasi sistem serotonergik dan reseptornya melalui modulasi konsentrasi serotonin di dalam cairan ekstraselular. Variasi yang terjadi pada daerah intron dapat mengubah regulasi transkripsi gen 5-HTT. Perubahan ekspresi dari transporter dapat berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas, emosi, fungsi motorik dan beberapa sifat kognitif pada primata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen 5-HTT pada P. abelii. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 48 sampel yang terdiri dari 28 jantan dan 20 betina. Amplifikasi gen 5-HTT dilakukan secara in vitro dengan menggunakan teknik PCR. Frekuensi genotipe L/L 23.81 %, L/S 47.62 %, dan S/S 28.57%. Frekuensi alel L 0.48 dan alel S 0.52. Amplifikasi sampel Macaca nemestrina dilakukan untuk membandingkan ukuran fragmen amplikon gen 5-HTT pada monyet dan kera besar. Sampel P. abelii nomor 127 (S/S) dan 131 (L/L) dan sampel M. nemestrina nomor 12, 38, dan 39 menunjukkan kemiripan sebesar 99% dengan gen transporter serotonin manusia pada kromosom 17 dengan nomor aksesi NG_011747.1. Individu bergenotipe L/L mengekspresikan serotonin dua kali lebih banyak daripada individu bergenotipe S/S atau L/S. Alel S memiliki aktifitas transkripsi yang rendah dibandingkan alel L.
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Judul: Keragaman Gen Monoamine  Oxidase A (MAOA) pada Sapi Pedaging
Abstrak: One of the essential traits in the management of raising meat livestock is the aggressive nature of cattle, which affects livestock handling and productivity. Several genes control aggressive traits, and one that plays an important role is the monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) gene. The MAOA gene encodes the enzyme monoamine oxidase A, which plays a role in the catabolism of neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. Mutations in the MAOA gene can increase the tendency of cows to behave aggressively, which can affect neurotransmitter regulation. Studies on MAOA gene diversity in Indonesian beef cattle have yet to be carried out. Therefore, this research was conducted to identify and analyze SNP determination and MAOA gene diversity in beef cattle in Indonesia. One hundred twenty-seven blood samples from beef cattle were from Bali, Limousin, Wagyu, PO, Madura, and Balinese Wagyu crosses. Blood samples were extracted using the GeneAid kit, isolating pure DNA from beef cattle. MAOA gene diversity was analyzed using the PCR-RFLP method. Analysis results such as genotype frequencies, allele frequencies, heterozygosity values, and Hardy-Weinberg balance were calculated using Popgen32. Amplification of the MAOA gene sequence in the promoter fragment and exon 1 via PCR was successfully carried out at 57 ºC, resulting in product lengths of 548 bp and 341 bp, respectively. The results showed that the MAOA gene located in the promoter region has six SNPs that are specific to Bali cattle, namely SNP g.98 A > C, SNP g.145 G > T, SNP g.216 A > C, SNP g.340 T > G, SNP g.349 A > C, and SNP g.385 G > A. Meanwhile, the MAOA gene located in exon 1 is monomorphic. The PCR-RFLP method was used to investigate the SNP g.385 G > A MAOA gene polymorphism using the RSaI restriction enzyme. The MAOA SNP g.385 G > A gene obtained two alleles (G and A) and three genotypes: GG, GA, and AA. SNP g.385 G > A is polymorphic in Bali, PO, Madura, and Wagyu-Bali cross (F1) cattle while monomorphic in Limousin and Wagyu cattle. The allele frequency of the SNP g.385 G > A MAOA gene in Bali, PO, Madurese cattle, and Wagyu-Bali crosses (F1) is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. SNP g.385 G > A of the MAOA gene can be used as a candidate aggressive genetic marker., Salah satu sifat yang penting dalam manajemen pemeliharaan ternak daging adalah sifat agresif pada sapi yang berpengaruh pada penanganan ternak dan produktivitas. Sifat agresif dikendalikan oleh beberapa gen dan salah satu yang berperan penting adalah gen MAOA. Gen MAOA mengkodekan enzim monoamine oksidase A yang berperan dalam katabolisme neurotransmiter, termasuk dopamin, norepinefrin, dan serotonin. Mutasi pada gen MAOA dapat meningkatkan kecenderungan sapi untuk berperilaku agresif yang dapat mempengaruhi regulasi neurotransmitter. Studi keragaman gen MAOA pada sapi pedaging Indonesia belum dilakukan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis penetuan SNP dan keragaman gen MAOA pada sapi pedaging di Indonesia. Sebanyak 127 sampel darah sapi pedaging yang terdiri dari sampel darah sapi Bali, Limousin, Wagyu, PO, Madura, dan silangan Wagyu Bali. Sampel darah diekstraksi menggunakan kit GeneAid dan
Keyword: beef cattle, MAOA gene, SNP

Judul: Penerapan teknik watermarking untuk penandaan hak cipta pada peta vektor dengan format DXF
Abstrak: Drawing Interchange Format (DXF) is one of the general file in the field of the vector image commonly used for making maps. The DXF format is a tagged data representation of all the information contained in an AutoCAD drawing (DWG) file. Tagged data means that each data element in the watermark is preceded by an integer number called the group code. The study was carried out because there is still no tools of labeling the copyright on digital mapping using DXF file. This study aims to generate an application for copyright labeling on vector map with DXF format that can be applied to any types of spatial objects in the map. The technique used is changing the code inside the vector image. The insertion of the watermark is done by utilizing ENTITIES section by multiplying objects for sets of binary values. The results showed that the image after the watermarking insertion process is the same as the original vector image. Embedded watermark is resistant to rotation and scaling, however it has the possibility of one-third to be broken in the attack on specific object. This study has successfully implemented watermarking technique for copyright labeling on the vector map with DXF format.
Keyword: Drawing Interchange Format, Robust Watermark, Tagged Data, Vector Image, Watermarking