Judul: Rancangan dan Uji Performansi Sistem Pemanas Air Perpaduan Energi Surya dan LPG (Liquified Petroleum Gas)
Abstrak: Dewasa ini, alat yang dapat memanaskan air ada tiga macam, dua diantaranya pemanas dengan LPG dan pemanas dengan energi surya. Pemanfaatan air panas sebesar 60°C dalam proses pengolahan pangan dapat dijumpai dalam pengolahan tanaman lidah buaya sebagai tanaman obat-obatan (herbal medicine) dalam bentuk minuman (dilakukan pada proses perendaman lidah buaya yang sudah dikuliti) dan pada proses pengolahan limbah menjadi pakan ternak melalui proses fermentasi (bertujuan untuk rnengaktifkan kegiatan mikroba tertentu untuk memecah komponen yang kompleks menjadi zat-zat yang lebih sederhana).
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Judul: Rancangan dan uji teknis pemanas air energi surya dengan selang plastik
Abstrak: Matahari merupakan sumber energi yang melimpah dan murah. Pemanfaatan radiasi matahari sebagai salah satu sumber energi alternatif masih sangat terbatas. Artinya pemanfaatan radiasi matahari baru sebatas pemanfaatan langsung untuk pengeringan hasil pertanian, dan penjemuran. Secara terencana, melalui KUBE yang merupakan suatu upaya untuk mengembangkan dan melestarikan sumber-sumber energi, pemerintah telah berupaya untuk memberikan kesadaran pada masyarakat agar melakukan ektensifikasi pemanfaatan sumber-sumber energi alternatif. Ketersediaan energi surya di bumi sangat melimpah, di Indonesia menurut data Metereologi dan Geofisika terdapat potensi sebesar 0,9 x 10 18 kJ/m² tahun, jika diubah menjadi besaran listrik 28,35 x 10 18 MWe (Kamaruddin Abdullah, et al., 1990). Potensi ini merupakan sumber alternatif yang dapat untuk dimanfaatkan secara kontinu, dimana salah satu pemanfaatan energi surya yang mulai marak adalah untuk pengeringan hasil pertanian (dengan rumah pengering), dan pemanas air untuk rumah tangga. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan pemanfaatan energi surya dengan merancang pemanas air energi surya menggunakan selang plastik sebagai absorber. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji teknis untuk mengetahui performansi dari pemanas...
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Judul: Mixed effect models for high –dimensional longitudinal data with latent variables
Abstrak: A set of data that consist of repeated measurements on a large number of outcomes and covariates are known as high-dimensional longitudinal data. The high-dimensional longitudinal data may consist of several effects of interest that cannot be directly measured, known as latent factors or latent variables. During the last decade, the multivariate responses or high-dimensional in longitudinal data have been a big issue. The analysis of high-dimensional longitudinal data is complicated due to its complex correlation structures between outcomes. To understand changes over time of outcome variables, having correlations in individuals with explanatory variables is not enough. Hence, complex correlation structures between outcomes need to be considered. One approach that is commonly used to overcome high-dimensional longitudinal data is simultaneous equation modeling. A well-known simultaneous equation modeling method is the structural equation model (SEM). This approach has several appealing modeling abilities and can be used for high-dimensional longitudinal data. Under the SEM framework, the continuous time SEM is developed to avoid some issues associated with autoregressive and cross-lagged problems in SEM. Another simultaneous equation modeling method is by combining factor analysis and multivariate analysis methods to overcome high dimensional longitudinal data, namely latent factor linear mixed model (LFLMM). The factor analysis is used to reduce the high-dimensional outcomes, and the multivariate linear mixed model is used to study the longitudinal trends of several latent factors. One example of high-dimensional longitudinal data is the General Election Study. This study is carried out repeatedly to observe tendencies towards political attitudes and behavior over time in Belgium. The data contain political information, knowledge, perceptions, and preferences of a political party and the level of participation in politics. One of the most interesting things to study from the data is to analyze the change of political attitudes and behavior of respondents over time. Also, the relationship of changes in these outcomes is important to analyze. The General Election Study in Belgium was designed to include a representative sample of the target population under the Belgian electorate, so accurate estimates about the population could be made. This sampling design was created by the Institute for Social and Political Opinion (ISPO) and the Inter-university Center for Political Opinion Research (PIOP). The Belgian data set contained three subsamples, the Flemish (Dutch-speaking), the Walloon (French-speaking), and the Brussels Capital Region (Dutch and French-speaking). Several studies conducted on the Belgium data are carried out to understand the relationships between the latent variables Individualism (I), Ethnocentrism (E), and Authoritarianism (A) in Flanders. Cross-sectional or a longitudinal studies have also been carried out. In such cases, it is critical to capture the trend of the latent variables over time and, more importantly, whether there is any association or relationships between the development of nationalism (N), ethnocentrism (E), individualism (I), and authoritarianism (A) in Belgium. An empirical analysis of CT-SEM has been done to present the interdependencies among the four latent variables mentioned above on the basis of the General Election Studies for Belgium in 1991, 1995, and 1999 (Interuniversitair steunpunt politieke-opinieonderzoek, 1991, 1995, 1999). Although the four variables have been the subject of
Keyword: Belgium, CT-SEM, high-dimensional longitudinal data, LFLMM, Supplemented EM Algorithm