Judul: Hubungan Tinggi Muka Air dan Indikasi Kebakaran Hutan Lahan Gambut di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau Kalimantan Tengah
Abstrak: Kabupaten Pulang Pisau adalah salah satu dari banyak kabupaten di Kalimantan Tengah yang memiliki tingkat kejadian kebakaran tertinggi di Kalimantan tengah selama tahun 2019. Kebakaran tersebut dipengaruhi oleh musim kering dan pembukaan lahan, dengan kekeringan tanah dipengaruhi oleh tinggi muka air gambut. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah data yang diperoleh pada Januari 2019 – Desember 2019. Metode yang digunakan adalah uji korelasi antara data curah hujan, titik panas dengan tingkat kepercayaan diatas 80%, dan tinggi muka air (TMA) harian dengan menggunakan SPSS. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, diperoleh 1740 titik panas di lahan gambut Kabupaten Pulang Pisau. Titik panas terbanyak terdapat pada bulan September 2019 sebanyak 1247 titik panas. Titik terendah dari TMA adalah 0.993 m dibawah permukaan gambut dan tertingginya adalah 0.093 m diatas permukaan gambut. Curah hujan dengan hotspot memiliki nilai korelasi negatif sebesar -0.148. Curah hujan dengan TMA memiliki nilai korelasi sebesar 0.201. Hotspot dengan TMA memiliki nilai korelasi - 0.343., Pulang Pisau district is one of the many districts in Central Kalimantan with the highest fire incidence rates in Central Kalimantan during 2019. These fires are influenced by the dry season and land clearing, with soil dryness being affected by peat water levels. The data used in this study is data obtained in January 2019 – December 2019. The method used is a correlation test between rainfall data, hotspots with a confidence level above 80%, and daily water level (TMA) using SPSS. Based on the results of the study, 1740 hotspots were found in the peatlands of Pulang Pisau Regency. The most hotspots were in September 2019 as many as 1247 hotspots. The lowest point of TMA is 0.993 m below the peat surface and the highest is 0.093 m above the peat surface. Rainfall with hotspots has a negative correlation value of -0.148. Rainfall with TMA has a correlation value of 0.201. Hotspots with TMA have a correlation value of - 0.343.
Keyword: Curah hujan, kebakaran hutan, tinggi muka air, titik panas, korelasi

Judul: Estimation of Carbon Dioxide Emissions caused by Forest and Land Fires in Pulang Pisau Regency, Central Kalimantan
Abstrak: Kabupaten Pulang Pisau terletak di Provinsi Kalimantan Tengah yang merupakan salah satu daerah yang sering mengalami kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Dampak yang diakibatkan kebakaran hutan dan lahan dapat mengganggu serta mempengaruhi keseimbangan iklim global. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hotspot yang terdeteksi dan melakukan pendugaan emisi gas karbondioksida pada tahun 2015 dan 2019 di Kabupaten Pulang Pisau. Data sebaran hotspot berupa hotspot MODIS dengan selang kepercayaan > 80%. Buffering dilakukan untuk melakukan pendugaan luas area terbakar yang kemudian hasil tersebut akan digunakan untuk pendugaan emisi karbondiokisda menggunakan rumus Seiler dan Crutzen. Sebaran hotspot paling banyak pada tanah gambut tahun 2019 sebanyak 225 dan tanah mineral pada tahun 2015 sebanyak 19. Luas area terbakar didominasi oleh tanah gambut tahun 2015 dengan luas area terbakar sebesar 8.178,11 ha. Emisi karbondioksida pada tahun 2015 dengan total 55.498,52 ton CO2, sedangkan pada tahun 2019 memiliki total emisi sebesar 36.922,48 ton CO2. Besarnya emisi karbondioksida dipengaruhi oleh kandungan biomassa dan luas area kebakaran hutan dan lahan., The province of Central Kalimantan, which Pulang Pisau Regency is located, is one that commonly suffers forest and land fires. The impacts of forest and land fires can disrupt and damage the equilibrium of the earth's climate. This study aimed to analyze the hotspots identified and calculate Pulang Pisau Regency's carbondioxide gas emissions during 2015 and 2019. MODIS hotspots that have hotspot distribution data and a confidence level of at least 80%. Buffering is used to calculate the burned area, which is then utilized with the Seiler and Crutzen methods to calculate carbondioxide emissions. In 2019 there were up to 225 peat soil hotspots, and in 2015 there were up to 19 mineral soil hotspots. With a burned area of 8,178.11 ha, peat soil predominated the region in 2015. In 2015, there were 55,498.52 tons CO2, in 2019 there were 36,922.48 tons CO2 emissions. The biomass content and the extent of forest and land fires have an impact on the amount of carbondioxide emissions.
Keyword: carbondioxide emission, hotspot, land and forest fire, Pulang Pisau

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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