Judul: Edible Film Composite  Starch of Cavendish Banana Peel (Musa acuminta cv. Cavendish) with Cellulose of  Banana Stalk
Abstrak: Edible film merupakan bioplastik yang memiliki sifat mudah terurai dan dapat dikonsumsi, sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai pengganti plastik kemasan makanan yang sulit terurai. Edible film hidrokoloid terbuat dari pati dan pemlastis dan banyak beredar di pasaran. Sumber pati yang sering digunakan berasal dari komoditas pangan seperti singkong, sehingga perlu dicari sumber lain seperti pati dari limbah kulit pisang. Edible film hidrokoloid memiliki sifat yang rapuh sehingga perlu ditambahkan pengisi seperti selulosa yang dapat diperoleh dari limbah pelepah pisang. Tujuan kajian ini mengetahui potensi edible film komposit yang berasal dari pati limbah kulit pisang cavendish dengan selulosa limbah pelepah pisang untuk digunakan sebagai pembungkus makanan. Data dan informasi yang dicantumkan dalam kajian ini merupakan data sekunder yang isinya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan dan sesuai dengan kajian yang dilakukan. Kulit pisang cavendish berpotensi dijadikan bahan dasar edible film karena memiliki kadar pati yang tinggi, tidak toksik, dan keberadaannya yang melimpah. Edible film yang ditambahkan selulosa terbukti lebih kuat dan selulosa dapat diperoleh dari limbah pelepah pisang, terutama dari pelepah pisang raja yang memiliki kadar selulosa tinggi, tidak toksik dan keberadaannya melimpah. Pati limbah kulit pisang cavendish dan selulosa limbah pelepah pisang sangat berpotensi dijadikan sebagai edible film.
Keyword: edible film, kulit cavendish, pati, pelepah pisang, selulosa

Judul: Microfibrillated cellulose of banana stem as plastic film material
Abstrak: Batang pisang merupakan limbah lignoselulosa yang kandungan selulosanya bisa diisolasi dan dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan film plastik. Selulosa berhasil diisolasi menggunakan metode kimia mekanik dan didapatkan selulosa mikrofibril dengan ukuran partikel 920 nm. Analisis gugus fungsi menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah membuktikan bahwa hasil isolasi adalah benar selulosa. Selulosa mikrofibril hasil isolasi dicampurkan dengan pati jagung dan gliserol sebagai pemlastis. Ragam pati jagung yang digunakan adalah 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, dan 3.0 g. Selulosa mikrofibril dan gliserol yang ditambahkan pada tiap ragam adalah 2.5 dan 1 g. Film plastik dengan jumlah pati 1.5 g menghasilkan nilai kuat tarik paling tinggiyaitu 13 MPa dan memiliki nilai permeabilitas uap air paling rendah, yaitu 2.3 ng m m-2 s-1 Pa-1. Film plastik yang mengandung pati 3.0 g memiliki elongasi paling tinggi, yaitu 11%. Mikrograf elektron parayan menunjukkan distribusi campuran film telah homogen., Banana stem is a waste that contain lignoselulose from which cellulose can be isolated and used as raw material for plastic film. Cellulose was sucessfully isolated by mechanical chemical method giving 920 nm microfibrils. Functional group analysis by infrared spectroscopy proved that the isolated material was cellulose. The isolated microfibrils was mixed with corn starch and glicerol as plastisizer. Corn starch was added at various composition, i.e. 1.5, 1.75, 2.0, and 3.0 g. The microfibrillated cellulose and glicerol added into corn starch were 2.5 and 1 g, respectively. The plastic film with 1.5 g corn starch showed the highest tensile strength1 of 3 MPa and the lowest water vapor permeability 2.3 ng m m-2 s-1 Pa-1. The plastic film with 3 g corn starch gave the highest elongation rate of 11%. The scanning electron micrograph showed that the film component distribution was homogeneous. Keywords: cellulosemicrofibril, physical-mechanical properties, plastic film, water vapor permeability
Keyword: film plastik, selulosa mikrofibril, sifat fisik-mekanik, permeabilitas uap

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: