Judul: Analisis willingness to pay dan willingness to accept masyarakat terhadap pengelolaan sampah : studi kasus TPA Galuga, Cibungbulang, Bogor
Abstrak: Kota Bogor adalah salah satu kota di Indonesia dengan jumlah penduduk yang padat dan mengalami pertambahan penduduk dari tahun ke tahun. Pertambahan penduduk yang diikuti semakin bertambahnya tingkat konsumsi masyarakat serta aktivitas lainnya berakibat semakin bertambahnya pula buangan sampah yang dihasilkan. Timbulan sampah Kota Bogor pada tahun 2004 mencapai 794.773 m³ atau sekitar 2.208 m³ per hari. Sampah yang harus diangkut ke TPA Galuga mencapai 1.492 m³ per hari dengan kendaraan pengangkut (truk) sebanyak 78 truk/hari. Besarnya timbulan sampah yang bersumber dari pemukiman dan pasar mempengaruhi volume sampah yang harus diangkut ke TPA, hal ini menuntut perhatian yang serius dalam penanganannya, baik dari aspek ketersediaan sarana prasarana, sumberdaya manusia, finansial atau anggaran, manajemen dan teknologi. Anggaran untuk kebersihan, keindahan dan ketertiban Kota Bogor terus meningkat. Di samping itu juga diperlukan tanah yang luas sebagai tempat pembuangan dan tanah penimbun sampah di TPA. Sehubungan dengan adanya permasalahan yang muncul dalam penyediaan sarana prasarana, pelayanan dan pengangkutan sampah rumah tangga dan sampah pasar serta permasalahan pengelolaan TPA, maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik masyarakat Kota Bogor dan masyarakat Galuga serta persepsi masyarakat Kota Bogor terhadap keberadaan sampah dan masyarakat Galuga terhadap keberadaan TPA, mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesediaan atau ketidaksediaan masyarakat Kota Bogor dalam membayar retribusi kebersihan dan masyarakat Galuga dalam menerima kompensasi, mengestimasi besarnya nilai Willingness to Pay (WTP) masyarakat Kota Bogor terhadap peningkatan retribusi kebersihan dan Willingness to Accept (WTA) masyarakat Galuga terhadap penerimaan kompensasi dengan pendekatan Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). Selain itu, menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi WTP masyarakat dan pedagang Kota Bogor terhadap peningkatan pelayanan dan pengangkutan sampah dan WTA masyarakat Galuga terhadap peningkatan kesejahteraan. Pada penelitian dilakukan survei terhadap masyarakat Kota Bogor dan masyarakat Galuga. Pengambilan survei dan data dilakukan di enam kecamatan dan tujuh unit pasar tradisional Kota Bogor serta di Desa Galuga. Penelitian lapang dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2005 sampai dengan Juni 2005. Sampel dari penelitian adalah rumah tangga dan pedagang di Kota Bogor serta masyarakat Galuga. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode pengambilan sampel simple random sampling untuk sampel masyarakat Galuga dan cluster random sampling untuk masyarakat Kota Bogor...dst
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Judul: Analisis Willingness To Pay Pengelolaan Sampah Pasar Tradisional Kota Bogor
Abstrak: In correspond with the increase population, the quantity of solid waste is also increase. At present condition, the increasing quantity of solid waste could not be followed by its proper management, so many municipalities in Indonesia have serious problem to handle all waste generated. Unmanage solid waste has creating as a source of pollution, disease (and health aspect) and aesthetic problems. This study was conducted in Bogor traditional market for learning on willingness to pay (WTP) for handling the market solid waste management. Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) was used as a method in this study. The average WTP value of large, medium and small market seller was Rp 4,255, Rp 3,603 and Rp 3,212 per day respectively. The total WTP for the whole market was Rp 22,126,391 per day. The resulted conclusion was that the raising amount fund collected could be used to increase proper waste management and auxiliary benefit the environmental pollution could be eliminated.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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