Judul: The uses of markov chain in the development of key predictability test methodology
Abstrak: One Time Key (OTK) system with key from alphabetical sequences is one of symmetric encryption algorithm that used in Indonesia to protect secret information until now. Alphabetic sequences in OTK system must be cryptographically secure pseudorandom sequences. OTK system in Indonesia only tested by overlapping m-tuple test developed by Marsaglia (2005). Overlapping m-tuple test doesn’t check the unpredictability of alphabetical sequences, it just tests distribution form and indpendency of alphabetical sequences. So, alphabetical sequences in OTK system cannot be used in cryptography application by the reason of unpredictability sequence is unknown. Because some of Pseudorandom Number Generator (PRNG) algorithm based on block cipher algorithm that has markovian properties, markov chain model used to detect predictability alphabetical sequences. Data in this study consists of two data sources i.e. simulation data that generated from four classes PRNG and OTK system keys in 2005 that used in three communication units of foreign ministry. Simulation data is used to develop key predictability test methodology by find predictability threshold value based on characteristic of match level. OTK system keys will be predictability tested by comparing characteristic of match level with threshold value that is obtained from simulation data. The first result of this study shows the alphabetical sequence generated by first, second and fourth PRNG class can't be modeled with first-order markov chain until third-order. The third PRNG class, except PRNG LCG1, LCG2, coveyou, rand and randu, also can't be modeled with first order markov chain until third-order. Sequence generated by LCG2, coveyou, rand and randu are not fit for use in cryptography because it has a high probability to be modeled by high orders of markov chain (above the order of three). The second result obtains predictability threshold value with markov chains based on the minimum and maximum match level on the second-order and third-order. The last result shows the size of training data must be greater than the size of the observation data with the best ratio between the size of training data with observational data is 100: 10. The results of testing using 10 times repeated shows that the match level average of the OTK system key match on the all of three-order less than 4.5 x 10-2, so the OTK system the is feasible to secure information in three communication units.
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Judul: Analisis penekanan kunci dinamik untuk verifikasi biometrik berbasis jaringan syaraf tiruan propagasi balik
Abstrak: ARIF BUDIMAN. Dynamic keystroke analysis for biometric verification based on artificial neural network backpropagation. Under the direction of SUGI GURITMAN and HERU T. NATALISA. Biometric keystroke analysis studies the typing pattern of human behavior. Literature journals show a good prospect for a verification system and commonly use static method (where training data is similar with the verification data). This research uses dynamic analysis method. The data will be analyzed into certain dominant character pairs so that it is possible for training data to be different than the verification data (using random data display). The dominant character pairs were obtained from preliminary research which was conducted to specifically analyze 756 words in the Indonesian language. It is based on left-right finger movement. The character pairs are an, ng, la, en, ka while the cluster of close character pairs are (ng,ba,ma,na,nd), (an,am,ab), (su,au,ay,gu,di,du,di,ai), (pa,is,ia,ya,ua,us), and (ri,ti,ru,tu,ro,to,ep). The system prototype uses three variables, namely duration (d), interkey (i) and total time (T). Each variable has its own separated Artificial Neural network (ANN) by pre-processing input into five fuzzy classes (SC, C, S, L, SL). The training algorithm is backpropagation and uses two types of training models: A (crispy) and B (ambiguity). The training data were obtained by statistical analysis (mean, median, modus, standard deviation, minimum, maximum) and from fuzzy class pattern complementary data for each character pairs. The research was conducted to study the effect of keyboard layout on False Rejection Rate (FRR) percentage, the effect of data re-taken on % FRR, the effect of ANN verification test on the responses to the new exclusive data (which had never been included in training process). It also studies the effects of identification tests in terms of False Acceptance Rate (FAR) percentage on ANN training model A and B, and the effect of overall response in % FRR on intrusion detection. The conclusions are that model A gives lower % FRR and higher % FAR than model B while model B has a more flexible value of the decision threshold to be used as fuzzy output model in future research. The system stability is affected significantly by keyboard layout and environment conditions during typing. However, the data re-take process carried out more than 56 days afterwards still gave consistent results. ANN has the capability to recognize exclusive data with relatively lower % FRR results. Intrusion can be detected easily by spotting the existence of the % FRR spike. This model has a good capability for Biometric keystroke verification with dynamic text typing but still requires more research for Biometric identification.
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Judul: Peranan Zn-Fitat dalam menyediakan Zn dan pengaruhnya terhadap absorpsi Pb ransum pada domba
Abstrak: Asam fitat banyak terdapat dalam biji-bijian. Senyawa ini dapat mengikat kuat Pb dan Zn. Seng merupakan mineral esensial untuk hewan, tetapi absorpsinya di saluran pencernaan sangat rendah. Suplementasi Zn dapat dilakukan dalam berbagai bentuk.
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