Judul: Density of Fusarium oxysporum and Phytonematodes of Banana Plantation at PTPN VIII Parakansalak
Abstrak: Banana is the most consumed of horticulture commodity plants. The government and society also cultivate some banana varieties such as Cavendish, Raja Buluh, and Barangan. Considering the production demand is also increased, the government also implemented the fruit self-sufficiency program in the Minister of Plantation Regulation Number 86/Permentan/OT.140/8/2013. Therefore, BUMN began to cultivate banana plants in several plantation sectors owned by the company. During the banana plants’ cultivation process, many problems are faced, one of which is the banana plant attacked by a pathogen. The primary pathogen that attacks the banana plant is Fusarium oxysporum causing the fusarium wilt. F. oxysporum is categorized as the soil-borne pathogen that infected banana plant through the wound of plant tissue. The wound found in the plants’ root could be identified as the natural wound result of plant growth process or caused by several vectors such as nematode. Many researchers reported that nematode has a significant role in the process of fusarium wilt disease, which is caused by F. oxysporum. This research aims to observe the abundance of F. oxysporum and phytonematode founded in the banana plant and the relation of both pathogens in causing fusarium wilt. The hypothesis of this research that phytonematode founded a positive correlation toward the severity of fusarium wilt disease. The method used in this research was observing the severity of fusarium wilt of banana plant Emas Kirana varieties that’s most know as Mas Kirana. Based on the predetermined score rating. Soil and root samples was collected which was conducted by purposive method. From every block, samples were taken from 5 different clumps with different disease severities. Samples were collected from 5 different blocks as replication. Sample from 5 different blocks with the same disease severity were then mix for future research. The abundance of F. oxysporum and phytonematodes were calculated by applying conventional and molecular methods. Isolation of phytonematodes from soil were conducted by extracting the phytonematodes from soil samples by using a floatation centrifugation method. Identification of phytonematodes to the genus level were carried out by observing the morphology of their anterior to posterior. The abundance of phytonematodes then calculated under microscope by placed 1 ml of phytonematode suspension on cyrus dish, and repeated 3 times. Furthermore, the number of phytonematodes was calculated using the formula of absolute population calculation. Calculation of F. oxysporum was conducted by two ways, conventional (growing on synthetic media) and molecular methods. The conventional method was performed by serial dilution of soil samples, followed by cultured on Martin Agar, and incubated for 3-4 days before counting the number of F. oxysporum colonies grow on medium. To prove that F. oxysporum growing on Martin Agar is Foc, molecular identification was carried out using specific primer Foc1/F (5’-CAGGGGATGTATGAGGAGGCT-3’) and Foc2/R (3’-GTGACAGCGTCGTCTAGTTCC-5’). PCR result then visualized on agarose gels. Real-time PCR technique was also conducted to count the abundance of F. oxysporum from soil samples. The standard curve construction is started by isolating the competent bacteria cell of DH5 alpha that has been added the synthesis gene of F. oxysporum. The cell transformation is becoming plasmid that
Keyword: Panama disease, real-time PCR, tropical race 4

Judul: The Role of Endophytic Fusarium oxysporum of Weeds in the Pathosystem of Banana Wilt Disease
Abstrak: Sembilan isolat Fusarium oxysporum endofit dari gulma dan beragam F. oxysporum patogenik pada tanaman budi daya menunjukkan kemampuan patogenik terhadap buncis. Isolat F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense yang memiliki mortalitas paling rendah yaitu 50%, sedangkan isolat lainnya mortalitas di atas 50%. Sembilan isolat F. oxysporum endofit dari gulma dan F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense diketahui tidak mampu menginfeksi benih timun. Mortalitas benih timun tertinggi terjadi pada perlakuan F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici dan F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae, yaitu sebesar 16.67%. Isolat yang mampu menginfeksi benih jagung, yaitu F. oxysporum E2 F. oxysporum E14, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici, F. oxysporum E4 F. oxysporum E13, F. oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae namun mortalitasnya di bawah 10%. Uji patogenisitas pada tanaman pisang di dalam botol kultur menunjukkan isolat F. oxysporum E3, E9 dan 14 mengakibatkan kematian seluruh varietas pisang Raja Bulu, Ambon Kuning dan Cavendish hingga 100%. Hanya isolat F. oxysporum E21 yang tidak menyebabkan kematian seluruh ulangan dari varietas pisang Raja Bulu, Ambon Kuning dan Cavendish yang diujikan. Uji patogenisitas pada pisang Raja Bulu yang sudah diaklimatisai menunjukkan 9 isolat endofit menyebabkan penyakit penyakit layu Fusarium dengan insidensi 100%, periode inkubasi 67-75 hari dan tingkat keparahan nekrosis bonggol 58-72%, tingkat keparahan kelayuan daun 52-69% yang sama secara statistika dengan perlakuan F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Gulma Commelina sp. mampu dikolonisasi oleh cendawan F. oxysporum E3, F. oxysporum non-patogenik T14a, F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, F. oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici. Gulma Physalis sp. hanya mampu dikolonisasi oleh isolat E3 dan isolat F. oxysporum non-patogenik T14a dan Peperomia sp. diketahui tidak mampu dikolonisasi oleh semua isolat Fusarium yang diujikan., Nine endophytic Fusarium oxysporum isolates from weeds, and various pathogenic F. oxysporum of cultivated plants showed a pathogenic ability to beans seeds. Isolate F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense has the lowest mortality of Phaseolus vulgaris seeds. Nine endophytic F. oxysporum isolates from weeds and F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense is known to be unable to infect cucumber seeds. The highest mortality of cucumber seeds occurs in the treatment of F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici and F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae, which is 16.67%. Isolates that can infect corn seeds, i.e., F. oxysporum E2, F. oxysporum E14, F. oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici, F. oxysporum f.sp. capsici, F. oxysporum E4, F. oxysporum E13, F. oxysporum f.sp. vanillae, F. oxysporum f.sp. cepae, but the mortality is below 10%. The pathogenicity test of banana plants in culture bottles aimed at isolates of F. oxysporum E3, E9, and 14 resulted in the death of all varieties of Raja Bulu, Ambon Kuning and Cavendish up to 100%. Exclusively F. oxysporum E21 isolates that did not cause the death of all replications of the Raja Bulu, Ambon Kuning, and Cavendish banana varieties tested. The pathogenicity test on the Raja Bulu banana plant showed nine endophytic isolates causing Fusarium wilt disease with 100% incidence, incubation period 67-75 days, and severity of hump necrosis 58-72%, leaf severity with 52-69% similarly static treatment with F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense. Commelina sp. occurred colonized by F. oxysporum E3, F. oxysporum non-patogenik T14a, F. oxysporum f.sp. cubense, F. oxysporum f.sp. vanillae,
Keyword: Inang alternatif, Kolonisasi, Patogenisitas, Pisang Raja Bulu, Buncis, Timun, colony, genetics, morphology, pathogenicity, physiology

Judul: Desain Sistem Transfer Energi Nirkabel Berbasiskan Tesla Coil
Abstrak: Tesla coil merupakan alat yang ditemukan oleh Nikola Tesla yang dapat mentransmisikan daya tanpa kabel dengan memanfaatkan prinsip induksi elektromagnetik. Pada penelitian ini dibuat sebuah prototype Tesla Coil dengan menggunakan transistor C1970 dan receiver menggunakan rangkaian LC. Identifikasi alat meliputi pengaruh daya input transmitter terhadap receiver, bentuk signal yang dipancarkan transmitter, pengaruh jarak transmitter dan receiver, nilai efisiensi serta efek alat terhadap perangkat lain. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa semakin besar daya input maka semakin besar daya yang dipancarkan oleh transmitter. Bentuk sinyal yang dipancarkan oleh transmitter berupa gelombang listrik AC sinusoidal dengan frekuensi ~2.9 MHz. Semakin jauh jarak receiver terhadap transmitter maka semakin kecil amplitudo gelombang AC yang diterima oleh receiver, menyebabkan semakin kecil daya yang diterima oleh receiver. Adapun nilai efisiensi terbesar penangkapan daya oleh receiver yaitu sebesar 0.00516 % serta terdapat gangguan pada alat-alat tertentu seperti monitor komputer dan radio.
Keyword: rangkaian LC, receiver, tesla coil, transistor C1970, transmitter