Judul: Macam-Macam Antiseptika dan Mekanisme Kerjanya
Abstrak: Antiseptika adalah suatu substansi yang digunakan pada hewan dan manusia untuk membunuh atau mencegah pertumbuhan mikroorganisme (menghambat reproduksi dan metabolismenya ) dan penggunaannya biasanya pada jaringan hidup (pada kulit, permukaan selaput lendir dan luka luka infeksi). Antiseptika dibagi berdasarkan sifat fisik dan kimia. Secara fisik antiseptika digolongkan dalam bentuk cair dan sinar. Sedangkan berdasarkan sifat kimia, antiseptika digolongkan kedalam Golongan asam, basa, alcohol surface active agent, derivat coal tar, derivat wood tar, aldehid, halogen, agen pengoksidasi, golongan logam berat dan garamnya, derivat furan serta zat warna. Selain itu juga terdapat obat-obat yang tergolong dalam antiseptika saluran kemih, antara lain: Methenamin, asam nalidix dan nitrofurantoin. Secara umum antiseptika mempunyai daya kerja sebagai bakteriostatik, bakterisidal, fungisidal atau kadang-kadang sebagai virusidal. Mekanisme kerja antiseptika antara lain : inaktivasi enzim tertentu, denaturasi protein, perubahan permeabilitas membran sel mikroba, menghambat sintesa asam nukleat sel mikroba dan membentuk lapisan tipis yang mematikan disekeliling sel mikroba. ...
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Judul: Aktivitas Antimikrob Minyak Atsiri dan Potensinya sebagai Antiseptik
Abstrak: Infeksi bakteri patogen menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar di dunia. Salah satu upaya dalam mencegah infeksi patogen adalah melalui aplikasi antiseptik. Salah satu sumber bahan antiseptik adalah minyak atsiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis aktivitas antimikrob dari minyak atsiri dan potensinya sebagai antiseptik. Minyak atsiri yang digunakan adalah minyak cengkeh, minyak nilam, minyak serai, minyak jahe, dan minyak pala. Hasil uji antimikrob menggunakan metode agar difusi menunjukkan bahwa seluruh minyak tersebut memiliki aktivitas antibakteri yang beragam dengan zona hambat berkisar antara 0,3 cm – 1,2 cm terhadap Escherichia coli [ATCC 8739], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 15442], dan Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538]. Minyak pala memiliki zona hambat terbesar terhadap ketiga jenis bakteri target. Berdasarkan uji viabilitas sel, minyak pala pada konsentrasi 500 ppm dan 1000 ppm berturut-turut dapat menghambat pertumbuhan S.aureus [ATCC 6538] hingga 62% dan 100% setelah 24 jam inkubasi. Analisis antiseptik terstandar berbasis SNI: EN 1040:2005 membuktikan bahwa minyak pala memenuhi persyaratan sebagai antiseptik karena mampu mereduksi densitas bakteri lebih dari 5log10 konsentrasi S. aureus [ATCC 6538] setelah kontak selama 1 menit. Data penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa minyak pala berpotensi digunakan sebagai agen antimikrob dan bahan aktif penyusun produk antiseptik., Pathogenic bacterial infection is one of the leading causes of mortality worlwide. Essential oil-based antiseptic is needed to prevent pathogenic infection. This study aimed to analyze the antimicrobial activity of essential oils and their antiseptic potential. The essential oils used were clove oil, patchouli oil, citronella oil, ginger oil, and nutmeg oil. These oils had various antibacterial activities with inhibition zones ranging from 0.3 cm – 1.2 cm against Escherichia coli [ATCC 8739], Pseudomonas aeruginosa [ATCC 15442], and Staphylococcus aureus [ATCC 6538], as tested by agar diffusion method. Nutmeg oil had the largest inhibition zone against of three targeted bacteria. Supporting this result, cell viability test showed nutmeg oil in concentraion of 500 ppm and 1000 ppm could inhibit the growth S. aureus [ATCC 6538] up to 62% and 100%, respectively. Analysis of standardized antiseptic based on SNI: EN 1040:2005 proved that nutmeg oil can be used as antiseptic candidate because it was able to reduce the S. aureus [ATCC 6538] more than 5log10 after contact for 1 minute. Our data indicate nutmeg oil can potentially to be applied as an antimicrobial agent and an ingredient of antiseptic products.
Keyword: antimicrobial, antiseptics, essential oil, pathogenic bacteria

Judul: Estimation of Additive and Non-Additive Genetic Variances of Body Weight, Egg Weight and Egg Production for Quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) with an Animal Model Analysis
Abstrak: This study estimates the additive and non-additive variances for egg production and body weight traits of two lines of quails from a long-term selection with the help of the REML method. For the body weight of 42-day-old females (BW42f) and males (BW42m), a total of 7,934 records for line 1 and 7,214 records for line 2 from 21 generations were used in our analyses. Additionally, 1,717 records of females from line 1 and 1,671 records of females from line 2 contained information on their egg production at an age of 42 to 200 days (EN200), on the average egg weight for the first 11 weeks of their laying season (EW1), on the average egg weight from weeks 12 to 23 (EW2), and on their body weight at an age of 200 days (BW200f). A multivariate additive animal model and one-trait dominance models, which include the inbreeding coefficients as covariates, were fitted to the data. The estimates of the heritability gained from our dominance models were smaller than those from the additive model. For line 1, the heritability values decreased for EN200 from 0.35 to 0.32, for EW1 from 0.66 to 0.56, for BW200f from 0.42 to 0.38, and for BW200m from 0.51 to 0.49, respectively. For the first line, the respective ratio (d2) of the dominance variance to the phenotypic variance for EN200, EW1, BW200f and BW200m was 0.08, 0.22, 0.09 and 0.21, and the values for the second line were 0.12, 0.06, 0.001 and 0.23.
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