Judul: Penerapan CPMB (Cara Produksi Makanan Yang Baik) Pada Industri Kecil/Rumah Tangga Mie Yang Telah Memperoleh SP-Depkes Di Kotamadya Bandung
Abstrak: Masyarakat semakin kritis dalam rnemilih dan menentukan produk pangan yang dikonsumsi. Hal ini diantisipasi oleh Departemen Keschatan semenjak tahap 1986 dengan mengeluarkan sertifikat yang c1apat dimiliki oleh produsen industri pangan berskala kecil agar produknya dapat diterima pasaran luas, yaitu pencantuman nomor SP (Sertifikat Penyuluhan). Untuk itu produsen harus mendaftarkan produknya. Sebelum mendapatkan sertifikat tersebut produsen harus memenuhi persyaratan minimal yaitu telah menerapkan CPMB (Cara Produksi Makanan Yang Baik).
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Judul: Application of Good Manufacturing Practices by Food  SMEs Dapur Umak in Bogor City
Abstrak: Setiap konsumen berhak atas produk pangan olahan yang aman dan berkualitas. Sayangnya, banyak pelaku usaha pangan olahan yang tidak menerapkan sistem keamanan pangan, termasuk Cara Produksi Pangan Olahan yang Baik (CPPOB) dalam produksinya. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan masih terbatasnya usaha mikro kecil menengah (UMKM) pangan yang memiliki Izin Penerapan CPPOB (IP-CPPOB). IP-CPPOB merupakan persyaratan dasar agar produk pangan memperoleh izin edar makanan dalam (MD) BPOM. UMKM Dapur Umak merupakan UMKM pangan olahan cilok ayam suwir yang belum menerapkan CPPOB dalam proses produksinya. Kegiatan ini bertujuan mengevaluasi dan memperbaiki penerapan CPPOB pada sarana produksi UMKM Dapur Umak hingga memperoleh IP-CPPOB. Kegiatan dilakukan dengan: (1) menganalisis kesenjangan penerapan CPPOB sebelum dan sesudah pendampingan menggunakan checklist dari BPOM; (2) memberikan rekomendasi perbaikan dan mendampingi proses perbaikan; (3) menyusun dokumen CPPOB; serta (4) mendaftarkan IP-CPPOB. Hasil analisis kesenjangan sebelum pendampingan menunjukkan rating sarana produksi UMKM Dapur Umak yaitu D (sangat kurang) dan persentase rata-rata nilai kesesuaian sebesar 46,22%. Setelah dilakukan pendampingan, terjadi peningkatan rating sarana produksi menjadi A (sangat baik) dan persentase rata-rata nilai kesesuaian penerapan CPPOB menjadi 100,00%. Semua dokumen persyaratan pendaftaran IP-CPPOB telah disusun dan siap digunakan untuk pendaftaran MD BPOM dan IP-CPPOB telah berhasil diperoleh, Every consumer has the right to receive processed food products whose safety and quality are guaranteed. Unfortunately, there are still many processed food businesses who do not implement a food safety system, including Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) in their production processes. This is demonstrated by the limited number of micro and small food enterprises (SME) that obtain Implementation Permit of GMP (IP-GMP). The IP-GMP is a basic requirement for food products to obtain a food distribution permit (MD) from BPOM. UMKM Dapur Umak is an SME producing cilok filled by shredded chicken, which has not fully implemented GMP in its production process. The aim of this research is to evaluate and improve the implementation of GMP in the SME Dapur Umak production facilities to obtain an IP-GMP. The research was conducted by: (1) analyzing gaps in the implementation of GMP before and after mentoring using a checklist from BPOM; (2) provide recommendations for improvement and accompany the improvement process; (3) prepare GMP documents; (4) and register for IP-GMP. The results of the gap analysis before mentoring showed that the rating of the SME Dapur Umak production facility was D (very poor) and the average percentage of compliance value was 46,22%. After mentoring and assistance program, the production facility rating increased to A (very good) and the average percentage of compliance value for implementing GMP became 100,00%. Apart from that, all the required documents for IP-GMP registration have been prepared and are ready to be used for MD BPOM registration. The IP-GMP certificate has been successfully obtained.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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