Judul: Optimal allocation of resources in the coastal wetlands of Sumatra and case studies to tests the results
Abstrak: There are three major groups of people that live in Muara Telang study area, these are local residents, Buginese, and transmigrants. They grow rice, coconuts, bananas and other crops. Coconuts and bananas are the cash crops of the area. The objective of this study is to determine the economic efficiency of the cropping system as it was applied by each of those three major groups of people in Muara Telang. Also it compares the costs, yields, labor use, net returns over time for the cropping systems applied by each. This study has also examined the nonformal institution of the Buginese farmers and the methods of clearing coastal wetlands by the three groups of people in Muara Tcl . The data collection was carried out by interviewing the farmers in their houses. Analysis of the data was done by using a linear programming model, which was developed for each of the three major groups of farmers in Muara Telang. The result shows that the farmers in Muara Telang have not yet allocated their existing scarce resources to alternative activities efficiently, and there is something to be gained from reallocation of these resources. The important limiting factors of production are planting, weeding and harvesting labor for large sized farms (local resident farms), harvesting labor for middle sized farms (Buginese farms), and weeding labor for smaller farms (transmigrant farms). Using hired or exchange labor is one way for solving these limiting factors which if applied, could lead to an increase of more than 40 percent in the farmers' income. Price policy was found not to be a practical policy instrument in changing the product mix or increasing the farmers' income. This is shown by the fact that product prices would have to change very drastically if any significant changes in production patterns are expected. Moreover, the distributional effect of increasing prices would only benefit the larger farmers, who already have higher incomes.
Keyword: Topography;

Judul: Optimasi Pola Tanam pada Lahan Pertanian dengan Mempertimbangkan Potensi Erosi, Land Rent, dan Kecukupan Beras di Wilayah Subang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Increasing population causes escalation in demand of land for food production, settlements, and public facilities. Meanwhile, land availability is fixed and limited which encourage utilizing marginal or unsuitable land. Land utilization for food production which not comply its capability would have negative effect both physically and economically. To avoid those effects, optimal cropping pattern should be determine to support sustainable agricultural development. This research aims to determine optimal land for food production areas by considering the potential erosion, land rent, and rice sufficiency. Linear goals programming is employed to devise the optimal choice of land use pattern. The study area includes four sub-districts in Subang, West Java namely Cipeundeuy, Kalijati, Pabuaran, and Patokbeusi. Optimum cultivation pattern on the agricultural land was organized to achieve three targets including (1) to minimized erosion for land preservation, (2) to provide the highest economic benefits for farmers, and (3) to meet rice sufficiency of study area. This study designed twelve scenarios with different targets combination. It is showed that scenario VI and XII is the best combination comply the expected targets. Both scenarios produce optimal cropping patterns with the lowest erosion values of 85.528,10 tons/year, generate the highest economic benefit for farmers at Rp 525.890.970.000,- and yield 46.598 tons rice for scenario VI and 181.730 tons rice for scenario XII. Decision tree analysis shows that the economic benefits strongly affected spatial distribution pattern of optimum land utilization.
Keyword: rice sufficiency, linear goals programming, land rent, erosion

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
Keyword: