Judul: Pemberdayaan kelembagaan jojobo dan perannya dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ekonomi produktif (Studi kasus komunitas petani perladangan di Kecamatan Jailolo Selatan, Halmahera Barat, Provinsi Maluku Utara)
Abstrak: “Case Study on Land diary Farm on Jailolo District Halmahera Barat Regency Maluku Utara Province”. Jojobo is a social value which is growth in a community to manage of pattern and spirit of social views based on togetherness, humanities, care among to the others, truths, justice and rightness, by kinship and relationship among communities or communal members in Maluku Utara Province, Jailolo District, Halmahera Barat Regency. The result have a conclusion that Jojobo values in dry land farmer community had lower of community participation in Jojobo institutional, make a weakness of relationship on kinship, lower of social insurance, lower of humanity senses on solidarity binding, have low families tolerance and trust on kinship relations. Besides that, the Jojobo institutional also could be exist, whereas that showed by economic institutional of Jojobo have an ability to fulfill of daily life achievement of dry land farmer, because supported by community participate. The socio-economic institutional, need values on community to make an institutional strength. The effectiveness factor of institutional, should have a social justice perspective for morality binding which have an embedded on dry land farmer community in Jailolo Selatan, Halmahera Regency.
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Judul: Analisis Finansial dan Kontribusi Hutan Rakyat terhadap Kesejahteraan Rumah Tangga Petani (di Desa Pasir Madang, Kecamatan Sukajaya, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The pressure on forest resources led to an excessive exploitation of forest resource so that it no longer able to provide optimal benefits even otherwise cause damage and decreased productivity of forest resources. One alternative solution to this problem is to plant forests construction in forest areas that are not productive especially outside Java or other alternatives is the construction of the community forest in the island of Java also outside of Java island. The result of the community forest development activities in addition to the ecologically can support the environment, can also be produced folk wood currently has evolved into a commodity which has a pretty good economic value and perceived by the public that this effort can provide extra income. The community forest as an approach to development of forestry is also prolific on environmental sustainability and an increase in people's income, so that needs to be developed with the better, so as to provide a high timber production and improve the welfare of farmers, while paying attention to power support and function of forests. This research aims to understand further the characteristics and role of the community forest in the Pasir Madang region, particularly from aspect of the community forest’s role against the welfare of the family. This research studies economic condition community forest farmers through the calculation of the balance of the income and spending the community forest farmer families. Further this research examines the contribution of community forest against the peasant household family income and identifying the motivation of farmers in community forest management. Data collected through interview of selected respondens of community forest farmers by using purposive sampling method. Additional information collected through literature studies on secondary data sources from a variety of related government agencies. Respondents farmers who is interviewed in this study consisted of 30 people who come from the village of Pasir madang, Bogor regency, West Java. Based on these studies it is known that most of the people in the village of Pasir Madang managed using agroforestry systems. The community forest in the Pasir Madang village serves as the public savings which can be harvested when the farmer needed the money in relatively large amounts and in urgent circumstances. A pattern of harvesting as it is known in terms of as a “tebang butuh” system. The community forest farmer respondents on site research mature majority in the range of 41-50 years old. The level of education respondents mostly only to elementary schools. In general the community forest farmer has a sideline job in addition to working on their forest field. Farmers in this area have a household incomes larger than level its expenditures, so they are on surplus condition. From the expenditure, allocation largest farmers used to terms of food. The community forest have a very important contribution in the structure of household income of farmers. By using the Sajogyo’s poverty line, more than three quarters of respondents the community forest farmers are above the poverty line or are able to meet the minimum basic needs. The condition is quite encouraging motivation
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Judul: 3D-CRT Technique Simulation Using the Monte Carlo EGSnrc Method on CT Fantom
Abstrak: 3D-CRT merupakan salah satu teknik radioterapi yang digunakan untuk meminimalisir efek samping dari radioterapi dengan cara melakukan penyinaran radiasi dari berbagai sudut. Simulasi teknik penyinaran 3D-CRT dilakukan untuk menentukan distribusi dosis yang akan diterima oleh target sebelum diaplikasikan kepada pasien. Simulasi yang dilakukan menggunakan program EGSnrc berbasis monte carlo pada fantom homogen virtual dengan material PMMA yang bersumber dari data CT fantom ArcCheck. Berbagai sudut yang digunakan yaitu sudut 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180° dan 270° untuk mensimulasikan teknik penyinaran 3D-CRT. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan karakteristik distribusi dosis pada fantom bernilai maksimum di daerah sekitar permukaan. Penjumlahan distribusi dosis pada semua sudut menghasilkan dosis maksimum pada daerah isocenter. Hal ini sudah sesuai dengan tujuan dari teknik 3D-CRT. Perbandingan distribusi dosis antara hasil simulasi dan hasil eksperimen menunjukkan bahwa distribusi dosis keduanya sama secara kualitatif., 3D-CRT is one of the radiotherapy techniques used to minimize the side effects of radiotherapy by delivering radiation from various angles. Simulation of the 3D-CRT technique was performed to determine the distribution dose received by the target before it was applied to the patient. Simulations were carried out using the Monte Carlo-based EGSnrc program on a virtual homogeneous phantom with PMMA material from ArcCheck phantom CT data. Simulation of the 3D-CRT technique using various angles, such as 0°, 45°, 90°, 135°, 180°, and 270°. The simulation results show the proper distribution of the dose on the phantom in the area around the surface. The accumulation of distribution dose from all angles produces a maximum dose at the isocenter. This corresponds to the 3D-CRT technique. The comparison of simulation and experimental results shows that the distribution doses are qualitatively the same.
Keyword: 3D-CRT, CT phantom, Dose distribution, EGSnrc, Monte carlo method