Judul: Pengaruh aplikasi diflubenzuron pada kedelai terhadap mortalitas dan efisiensi penggunaan makanan oleh Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan diflubenzuron pada kedelai terhadap mortalitas berbagai instar ulat grayak dan biologinya. Disamping itu peneliti juga ingin mengetahui efisiensi penggunaan makanan dan hubungannya dengan berkurangnya mortalitas pada larva instar kelima.
Keyword: Insecticides, Diflubenzuron, Spodoptera litura

Judul: Toxicity of Broflanilide and Dinotefuran Active Ingredient Insecticides on Larvae of Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)
Abstrak: Kedelai merupakan salah satu komoditas yang rentan terhadap serangan hama, salah satunya adalah ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura). Pengendalian hama ulat grayak yang umum dilakukan oleh petani adalah dengan menggunakan insektisida sintetik. Namun aplikasi insektisida yang tidak tepat dapat memicu terjadinya resistensi hama. Salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghindari resistensi hama adalah dengan melakukan pergiliran bahan aktif insektisida yang memiliki cara kerja berbeda. Contoh bahan aktif insektisida yang digunakan untuk mengendalikan ulat grayak adalah broflanilida dan dinotefuran. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji toksisitas insektisida berbahan aktif broflanilida dan dinotefuran terhadap mortalitas larva S. litura dengan metode celup daun. Daun kedelai yang telah diberi perlakuan diberikan pada serangga uji selama 48 jam. Setelah 48 jam, larva diberikan tambahan pakan daun baru tanpa perlakuan. Jumlah larva yang mati dihitung pada 24, 48 dan 72 jam setelah perlakuan, lalu data mortalitas diolah dengan analisis probit. Hasil uji toksisitas mendapatkan nilai LC50 dan LC95 untuk broflanilida dan dinotefuran berturut-turut sebesar 10-4 ppm dan 72 x 10-4 ppm serta 21,46 ppm dan 169,05 ppm. Bahan aktif broflanilida memiliki toksisitas yang lebih tinggi dari pada konsentrasi anjuran, sedangkan dinotefuran memiliki nilai toksisitas yang sedikit lebih rendah dari pada konsentrasi anjurannya., Soybean is a commodity that often being attacked by pest, including armyworms (Spodoptera litura). The common control strategy for armyworms by farmers is by using synthetic insecticides. However, improper application of insecticides can trigger pest resistance. One of the efforts that can be made to avoid pest resistance is by rotation of the insecticide active ingredients use with different modes of action. Two insecticide active ingredients used to control armyworms are broflanilide and dinotefuran. This study aimed to test the toxicity of insecticides of broflanilide and dinotefuran on S. litura larvae using the leaf dipping method. Treated soybean leaves were given to the test insects for 48 hours, and then additional untreated leaves were given after 48 hours. The number of dead larvae was counted at 24, 48, and 72 hours after treatment, and then mortality data was processed by probit analysis. The results of toxicity tests showed that LC50 and LC95 of broflanilide were 10-4 ppm and 72 x 10-4 ppm while LC50 and LC95 of dinotefuran were 21.46 ppm and 169.05 ppm, respectively. The active ingredient of broflanilide has a higher toxicity than the recommended concentration. Meanwhile, dinotefuran has a slightly lower than the recommended concentration.
Keyword: LC50, LC95, Mortalitas, Leaf dipping method, Metode celup daun, Mortality

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite