Judul: Biosorpsi biru metilena oleh ganggang cokelat, Sargassum binderi
Abstrak: Seaweeds are one of the effective biosorbents in wastewater treatment and has been proved by many previous studies. Sargassum binderi, one of brown seaweeds can adsorb dyes, was used in this research as a biosorbent. S. binderi consists of alginate compound, like the other Sargassum . This compound can be used as a biosorbent. The adsorption was carried out with various adsorption time, biosorbent weight, methylene blue initial concentration, temperature, and pH. The optimum efficiency and adsorption capacity was obtained on biosorbent weight of 2.0 g, initial methylene blue concentration of 100 ppm, temperature of 60 °C, and pH of 3, was 99.27% and 2480.88 μg/g of biosorbent, respectively. The adsorption of methylene blue by S. binderi brown seaweeds was fit to Freundlich isotherm (n = 0.8488 and k = 69.2468). The application of biosorbent in wastewater treatment showed that the adsorption efficiency was 72.34? 78.16%. Therefore, S. binderi can be used as an alternative cationic dyes adsorbent.
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Judul: Adsorpsi Biru Metilena menggunakan Campuran Kopolimer  Cangkok Akrilamida pada Selulosa Kulit Nanas dan Karbon Aktif  Berbantuan Mikrogelombang
Abstrak: Meningkatnya penggunaan biru metilena dapat menimbulkan masalah bagi lingkungan dan bahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Penanganan biru metilena sebagai limbah dalam air dapat dilakukan menggunakan metode adsorpsi. Selulosa merupakan biopolimer polisakarida yang banyak digunakan sebagai adsorben. Namun, adanya ikatan hidrogen intramolekul dan antarmolekul yang kuat membuat selulosa sulit untuk terikat dengan senyawa lain. Oleh karena itu, selulosa perlu dikombinasikan dengan bahan lain agar dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya sebagai adsorben. Kopolimerisasi cangkok merupakan teknik yang efektif untuk meningkatkan karakteristik dan sifat selulosa. Kombinasi pencangkokan akrilamida pada selulosa dengan penambahan karbon aktif diharapkan dapat menghasilkan hibrida yang tidak hanya memiliki sifat keduanya tetapi juga memiliki sifat baru karena interaksinya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat adsorben kopolimer cangkok akrilamida pada selulosa dan karbon aktif berbantuan iradiasi mikrogelombang, dan uji kinerjanyanya sebagai adsorben biru metilena. Tahapan penelitian ini dilakukan dengan isolasi selulosa kulit nanas, pencirian selulosa, pembuatan adsorben kopolimer cangkok, dan uji kinerjanya sebagai adsorben biru metilena. Selulosa kulit nanas yang didelignifikasi menggunakan hidrogen peroksida menunjukkan kadar selulosa, hemiselulosa, dan lignin masing-masing sebesar 75,46%; 7,23%; dan 0,53%. Adsorben kopolimer cangkok akrilamida pada selulosa dan karbon aktif menunjukkan persentase pencangkokan optimum terdapat pada adsorben 1:3:0,2 pada menit ke-4; 1:4:0,2 dan 1:5:0,2 pada menit ke-3 masing-masing sebesar 95%; 99,74%; dan 96,10%. Namun, persentase pencangkokan menurun hingga waktu reaksi pada menit ke-5. Hal ini dikarenakan radikal bebas selulosa tidak tersedia lagi dan telah terikat dengan radikal bebas monomor akrilamida. Kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap biru metilena pada adsorben 1:3:0,2 menit ke-4; 1:4:0,2 dan 1:5:0,2 menit ke-3 masing-masing sebesar 11,834; 14,005; dan 6,013 mg/g. Model kinetika pseudo orde dua menunjukkan nilai laju adsorpsi pada adsorben 1:3:0,2 menit ke-4, 1:4:0,2 dan 1:5:0,2 menit ke-3 masing-masing sebesar 16,129; 4,110; dan 8,718 g/mg min. Model kinetika adsorpsi dan isoterm adsorpsi zat warna biru metilena memenuhi model orde dua semu dan isoterm Langmuir yang didasarkan oleh nilai koefisien determinasi (R2 ). Hasil FTIR terhadap adsorben terbaik menunjukkan adanya puncak serapan baru pada 1675 cm-1 yang mengindikasikan vibrasi ulur C=O. Selain itu, munculnya puncak serapan pada 1608 cm-1 mengindikasikan vibrasi tekuk N-H. Munculnya puncak baru pada adsorben mengkonfirmasi keberhasilan pencangkokan. Adsorben setelah penyerapan metilen biru menunjukkan perubahan puncak serapan pada kisaran 600-1000 cm-1 yang menunjukkan adanya vibrasi ikatan C-H pada cincin benzena. Analisis SEM menunjukkan adsorben membentuk jaringan saling terhubung. Jaringan yang terbentuk menunjukkan adanya ikatan silang yang terjadi antar rantai polimer. Berdasarkan nilai kapasitas adsorpsi, adsorben 1:4:0,2 pada menit ke-3 memiliki kapasitas adsorpsi yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan adsorben lainnya. Model kinetika adsorpsi dan isoterm adsorpsi zat warna biru metilena memenuhi model orde dua semu dan isoterm Langmuir. Adsorben secara efektif dapat menghilangkan atau mengeliminasi zat warna biru metilena dalam media air., The increasing use of methylene blue can pose problems to the environment and a hazard to human health. Treatment of methylene blue as waste in water can be done using the adsorption method. Cellulose is a polysaccharide biopolymer that is widely used as an adsorbent. However, the presence of strong intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen makes cellulose difficult to use with other compounds. Therefore, cellulose needs to be combined with other materials in order to improve its performance
Keyword: Acrylamide, activated carbon, cellulose, graft copolymer, methylene  blue

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates