Judul: Peranan garam dalam pemindangan dan pengasinan ikan leumuru di daerah muncul-banyuwangi
Abstrak: Garam sebagai bahan pengawet utama dalam pengolahan ikan secara tradisional sudah umum diketahui, walaupun pro ses pengawetannya secara ilmiah mungkin hanya diketahui kaum terpelajar. Ikan lemuru adalah jenis ikan yang mempunyai kandungan lemak tinggi, sehingga memerlukan perlakuan yang lebih khusus apabila diinginkan suatu produk yang bermutu dan awet, yaitu mulai dari proses penanganan, pengolahan, sampai penyimpanan. Salah satu cara peningkatan mutu produk tersebut ialah dengan memperbaiki mutu garam yang digunakan. Di Muncar, pengolahan tradisional terhadap ikan lemuru (dalam bentuk produk yang masih utuh) hanya dilakukan dengan cara pemindangan dan pengasinan. Pemindangannya sendiri ada dua cara, yaitu pemindangan paso dan pemindangan gudung/besek yang merupakan bagian terbesar. Dari data yang berhasil dikumpulkan ternyata bahwa para pengolah setempat belum ada yang memakai bahan kimia lain selain garam, baik sebagai zat pengawet maupun dalam rangka peningkatan mutu produk pengolahan tradisional tersebut. ...
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Judul: Pengaruh penambahan larutan garam ke dalaman larutan garam bekas terhadap mutu ikan lemuru asin kering
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sub Balai Penelitian Peri- kanan Laut Slipi, Departemen Pertanian, Jakarta, dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan larutan garam ke dalam larutan garam bekas terhadap mutu ikan lemuru (Sardinella lo- ngiceps) asin kering. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah penambahan larut- an garam ke dalam larutan garam bekas dan lama penyimpanan. Penambahan larutan garam ke dalam larutan garam bekas dila- kukan setelah kedua larutan garam tersebut disamakan konsen- trasinya, yaitu dengan mengukur konsentrasi larutan garam bekas terlebih dahulu. Kedua larutan garam tersebut ber- konsentrasi 23%. Penambahan larutan garam ke dalam larut- an garam bekas terdiri dari lima taraf, yaitu penambahan 0% (P), 25% (P₁), 50 % (P2), 75% (P3) dan 100% (P4). Se- dangkan lama penyimpanan terdiri dari 6 taraf, yaitu penyim- panan hari ke O (To), hari ke 7 (T₁), hari ke 14 (T2), hari ke 21 (T3), hari ke 28 (T4) dan hari ke 35 (T5). Setelah kedua larutan garam dicampur, sesuai dengan perlakuan dan masing-masing wadah telah diberi kode, ikan lemuru direndam di dalam larutan garam tersebut selama 24 jam dan selanjutnya dilakukan pengeringan dengan menggunakan ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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