Judul: Tinjauan Kritis Kebijakan Legalitas Kayu di Hutan Rakyat: Kasus di Kabupaten Lampung Tengah, Konawe Selatan, Buleleng, dan Kulonprogo
Abstrak: Timber Legality Assurance System (TLAS) issued by the Ministry of Indonesian Forestry is aimed (1) to achieve sustainable forest management, (2) implement good forest governance, and (3) to combat illegal logging and its trade. This policy is enforced by mandatory, either for the harvested timber from the state forests or from private forest. Since its formulation to implementation, this policy reap the pros and cons. Parties are "pro" argued that in order to achieve the above three objectives, the policy must be enforced by mandatory for all timber businesses, while those who "cons" of this policy looked too much intervention of the private sphere. The objective of this study was to describe the process of policy-making timber legality in private forest, which is achieved by analyzing: 1) the determinants of performance, 2) discursive base for the establishment of regulation and determining influences, and 3) policy space as well as the prospective of policies. Observations on policy implementation was made on the private forest that had been certified with TLAS scheme. This study applied a descriptive analysis method synthesis, analytical hierarcy procces, and analysis of IDS. The study concluded the following: (1) the most dominant determinant factors for development of private forest are market price formation and organizational capacity, (2) Strong goverment, counterpart’s country, and donor institution may cause legality narrative dominate the process of policy making, and marginalize the economy incentives narrative, and (3) the strong actors, networks, interest, and narrative may cause limited policy space for policy change.
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Judul: Kebijakan Pemberantasan Illegal Logging untuk Perlindungan Sumberdaya Hutan di Indonesia
Abstrak: The lost of world’s natural tropical forest is the highest in Indonesia (2,83 million ha per year). Combating illegal logging in Indonesia has become the priority of national program. The purpose of the research is to analyze the policy related to the combating illegal logging in Indonesia, the role of stakeholders and the formula of effective and legal way to to eliminate illegal logging in Indonesia. The research method uses the 4Rs method (Responsibilities, Rights, Revenues, and Relationship) to analyze the role of stakeholder in practicing the policy to eliminate the illegal logging in Indonesia. The analytical approach uses the Analytical Hierarchy Process, AHP, to create decision by using mathematical model. Data analysis in this research uses critical approach. The data compiled in this research are secondary data in the form of laws based on forest management regulation in Indonesia. The research observed illegal logging in Indonesia generally and Jambi specifically. The tendency of illegal logging in the prone forest territory with the potential of standing stocks shows that the illegal logging practice is influenced by the illegal log market. This is supported by the fact that operation to combat massive illegal logging happened in the Riau province, directly bordered to the Jambi province. The finding is the regulation related to illegal logging in Indonesia is appropriate to be used as law outside the forest territory but still related to the derivative act. Even though the law is sufficient, it is not effectively implemented due to the weak law enforcement and weak law compliance. The relation between law enforcer in order to eliminate illegal logging is approximately enough, yet weak between the forest technical and environmental institution with the regional institution. The priority of policy to combat illegal logging in Indonesia based on the data analysis result using AHP approach by showing factor, actor, purpose, and alternative policy which has the highest priority value is the law enforcement factor, government actor, the goal to recover the forest economy, and application of command-andcontrol- natured policy, respectively.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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