Judul: Studi Pemetaan Tanah Dengan Menggunakanarealkuncidlkecamatan Ciomas Dan Padarincang Kabupaten Serang, Banten
Abstrak: As natural and dinamic heterogcncous product, soil character are different from one place to another, following the variation factors of soil formation. The accurate soil mapping are needed (0 support regional planning. Study of soil mapping by using key area in Subdistrict of Ciomas and Padarincang of Serang Regency have been done.• The objective of this study are: to learn variation, characteristics, classification and delineation the soil mapping unit in the key area, to explore the soil mapping unit from the key area to entire survey area. That data are compared with data from Team of FEM IPB survey result (Team ofFEM IPB, 2003), that using combination ofLandlorm and Grid System methodes. Determination of key area was conducted at representatif area based on landform analyse from topographic and geological maps. At the key area, field observation of soil characteristic, and classification with Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1996 and 1999). Was done the observation also for land characteristics. Therefore, design of soil mapping unit covered in the key area and factor that determine delineation of soil mapping unit, could be learned. Extrapolation to entire survey area due to relation of soil mapping unit at the key area with consideration of the landform. Survey area covered 15.365 Ha and the wide of key area 1.482 Ha. Soil subgroup in the key area are Typic Hapludults, Typic Dystrudepts, Lithic Eutrudox, Typic Kandiudox, Typic Endoaqualfs, Typic Hydraquents, Sulfic Tropaquepts and Lithic Troporthents. Soil subgroups based on FEM IPB Team are Thapto-Histic Fluvaquents, Aeric Tropic Fluvaquents, Tropic Fluvaquents, Thapto-Histic Tropic Fluvaquents, Typic Hydraquents, Typic Kandiudox, Aquic Kandiudox, Typic Hapludults and Lithic Tropaquepts. The survey area with volcanic slope landforms, that covered SPT 1, 2, 3, 4, and SPT 5, were found 6 subgroup of soil, while in mapping that done by Team FEM IPB, that covered SPT 4, 6, 7, 8, 9 and SPT 10, were found 7 soil subgroup. Of the closed depression landform (SPT 6 and 7) there were 3 soil subgroups, but according to the FEM IPB Team that covered SPT 1,2,3 and SPT 5 consist 5 soil subgroups. Mapping by using key area produce more accurate soil mapping unit at volcanic slope landforms, but less covering all soil varieties at flat area of closed depression landform. Grid system are better to do in flat survey area.
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Judul: Diversity of Soil Characteristics in Field and Its Relation with Landform Spatial Pattern at Agrotechnopark Koleberes, Cianjur
Abstrak: Soil mapping in detail scale needs a high intensity of observation and costly. To decrease the cost, the mapping usually done using an approach of delineation of soil forming factors into homogeneous sets. This approach is based on an assumption that if soil forming factors are homogeneous then the soil characteristics will also homogeneous. However various survey experiences indicated that at sloping areas, soil characteristics still vary although soil forming factors show a high homogeneity. The aim of this research is to study soil characteristics observed from boring with a high observation intensity and to search for a spatial relation between soil characteristics and classification with spatial distribution of landform at a slopping areas. Materials of this research comprised contour map, geology map, existing soil map and soil data covering profile description and its of physic and chemical data. GIS software (Arc View GIS 3.3) was used for spatial analysis of landform. In this research, landform are delineated based on an 1:1000 contour map considering the concept of “Model Diagram of Nine Land Surface” of Dalrymple et. al. (1968; in Darmawan, 1987). Field characteristics of soil were obtained from borings taken at the close distances along slope transects. Observation conducted at some slope transects across various landforms. Soils on research location formed from parent material which is relatively homogeneous under the influence of the same climate, organism and times. Meanwhile relief/ topography shows a high heterogeneity, with differences that even happened at a narrow space. This heterogeneity is reflected by existence of various landform i.e. convex-rather flat-upper slope, straight-flat to rather steep middle slope, concave-rather steep lower slope, etc. Soil field characteristics obtained from boring observation at close distances show very high variations as shown by variation in composition and depth of horizon A and B, soil colour, texture and consistency. This phenomenon could affect the soil classification at family and series level. Toposequently, from upper slope (convex) through the mid slope (straight), to the lower slope (concave) had a tendency to have more complex horizon composition. This phenomenon was due to the dominant process of erosion at the upper slope, and deposition at the lower slope.
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Judul: Shark (Centrophorus sp.) Liver Oil Enriched  with Omega-3 Concentrate as an Immunostimulant
Abstrak: Minyak hati ikan cucut kaya akan squalene namun rendah omega-3. Squalene dan omega-3 diketahui masing-masing memiliki efek imunostimulan. Penelitian terkait pengaruh pemberian minyak ikan mengandung komponen squalene dan omega yang tinggi terhadap imunitas belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan minyak hati ikan cucut yang ditambahkan dengan konsentrat omega- 3 pada konsentrasi tertentu. Penambahan omega-3 pada minyak hati cucut akan meningkatkan kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh pada minyak ikan yang dapat mengakibatkan minyak ikan lebih mudah mengalami oksidasi. Penambahan antioksidan dapat memperpanjang masa simpan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan konsentrat omega-3 pada minyak hati cucut sebagai imunostimulan melalui uji in vitro dan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi antioksidan terhadap oksidasi minyak ikan selama penyimpanan. Penambahan konsentrat omega-3 pada minyak hati cucut menunjukkan efek imunostimulan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan minyak kontrol berdasarkan nilai viabilitas splenosit dan fagositosis makrofag. Penambahan antioksidan pada minyak dapat menghambat oksidasi minyak hati cucut selama penyimpanan hingga 30 hari pada suhu ruang untuk semua sampel, namun pada konsentrasi 6000 ppm terjadi prooksidan yang diakibatkan konsentrasi antioksidan yang ditambahkan terlalu tinggi., Shark liver oil is rich in squalene but low in omega-3. Squalene and omega- 3 are known to each have an immunostimulating effect. Research related to the effect of fish oil containing high squalene and omega components on immunity has never been carried out. This study used shark liver oil added with omega-3 concentrate at a certain concentration. The addition of omega-3 to shark liver oil will increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids in fish oil which can make fish oil more susceptible to oxidation. The addition of antioxidants can extend the shelf life of the product. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding omega-3 concentrate to shark liver oil as an immunostimulant through in vitro tests and to determine the effect of antioxidant concentrations on oxidation of fish oil during storage. The addition of omega-3 concentrate to the shark liver oil showed a higher immunostimulating effect than the control oil based on the values of splenocyte viability and phagocytosis of macrophages. The addition of antioxidants to oil can inhibit oxidation of shark liver oil during storage up to 30 days at room temperature for all samples, but at a concentration of 6000 ppm pro-oxidants occur due to the concentration of antioxidants added being too high.
Keyword: antioxidant, immunostimulant, omega-3 concentrate, shark liver oil, squalene