Judul: Identifikasi Titik Kritis dan Tingkat Kepatuhan Pedagang Minuman Es di Kota Bogor.
Abstrak: Minuman es merupakan pangan yang sering dikonsumsi masyarakat Indonesia. Namun, minuman es berpotensi mengandung bahaya mikrobiologi. Bahaya tersebut dipengaruhi oleh kualitas mikrobiologi, kimia atau fisik komponen di dalamnya, yaitu es batu, air atau campuran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi titik kritis dan sumber cemaran minuman es, mengetahui tingkat kepatuhan pedagang terhadap pelaksanaan good practices selama proses pengolahan minuman es dan menganalisis hubungan antara elemen kritis dengan tingkat kepatuhan pedagang dalam menerapkan CPPB (Cara Produksi Pangan yang Baik). Penelitian dilakukan dengan cara survei dan observasi responden, responden distratifikasi berdasarkan skala ekonomi. Penentuan titik kritis dilakukan dengan menggunakan prinsip pertama dan kedua Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). Prinsip pertama yaitu dengan mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya yang muncul pada setiap tahapan proses. Prinsip kedua yaitu berdasarkan bahaya yang terindentifikasi signifikan kemudian ditentukan titik kritisnya. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa terdapat titik kritis di rantai penyediaan minuman es, baik di tingkat kelas bawah, menengah maupun atas. Titik kritis pada penyediaan minuman es kelas bawah adalah es batu, air PAM yang tidak direbus, santan, sirup atau gula cair, minuman serbuk, perebusan air, pencucian es, pengecilan ukuran es, penyimpanan es, pemotongan buah dan campuran, penyimpanan buah dan campuran, serta proses pencampuran. Sedangkan titik kritis untuk pedagang minuman es kelas menengah adalah perebusan air, pemotongan buah dan campuran, serta proses pencampuran. Titik kritis untuk pedagang minuman es kelas atas adalah pada saat proses pencampuran. Penentuan tingkat kepatuhan pedagang berdasarkan latar belakang pendidikan, skala ekonomi dan tempat berjualan.
Keyword: Iced beverages, surveys, HACCP, critical points, compliance levels

Judul: Penentuan Titik Kritis Risiko Keamanan Mikrobiologi dalam Rantai Penyediaan Es Batu dan Minuman Es (Studi Kasus Sekolah Dasar di Jakarta)
Abstrak: Ice and iced beverages are frequently consumed by Indonesian, including elementary school students. Ironically, ice and iced beverages have a potential to carry on microbial hazards. The entry point for the microbes in contaminating ice was still unidentified. The aim of this study was to determine the critical points of microbiological safety risk in ice and iced beverages supply chain in some elementary schools in Jakarta. The determination was done by using the first and second principles of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP). The result showed that there were some critical points in every part of the supply chain. The critical points in home-scale ice producer were water that was used to make ice, water boiling process, and water filling process, whereas the critical points in factory-scale ice blocks producer were water that was used to make ice, filtration, and ice sorting process. The critical points in ice distributor line were distribution process from ice factory to ice house, ice storage, ice washing, ice crushing, and distribution process to food service. In food service line, the critical points were ice crushing, crushed ice storage, and ice and ingredients mixing process. The critical points found showed the importance for everyone engaging in ice and iced beverages business to be aware and take action to ensure the safety of the products for the consumers.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), iced beverages, ice, HACCP, food safety, critical points

Judul: The use of homotopy perturbation methode to solve fuzzy volterra  integral equations
Abstrak: Most phenomena in nature can be explained in mathematical models, such as fuzzy volterra integral equation. The fuzzy volterra integral equation is a nonlinear integral problem, which is usually dificult to solve by an analytical solution. In this paper, fuzzy volterra integral equation is solved using perturbaion homotopy method, which can be written as a power series in p and satisfies a certain homotopy fuction. This manuscript discuss two case studies, i.e. the case of linear and trigonometric kernel function. The result shows that greater approximation order being used, the wider convergence solution area wil be.
Keyword: