Judul: Analysis Determinants of Indonesia's Manufacturing Share Towards the Industrial Revolution 4.0
Abstrak: Sektor manufaktur menjadi mesin pertumbuhan penting bagi ekonomi Indonesia. Namun sejak terjadinya krisis keuangan pada tahun 1997-1998, kontribusi sektor manufaktur terhadap PDB terus mengalami penurunan yang sering disebut deindustrialisasi. Bahkan laju pertumbuhan sektor manufaktur cenderung lebih lambat dibanding laju pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional dari tahun 2005 hingga saat ini. Sementara itu, Indonesia telah memasuki Revolusi Industri 4.0 yang menjadi tujuan era industrialisasi Indonesia saat ini. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis determinan pangsa sektor manufaktur untuk menyongsong implementasi Industri 4.0. Konsep pengemudi produksi industri oleh A.T Kearney dijadikan acuan dalam menentukan variabel independen dalam analisis dengan menggunakan metode Error Correction Model (ECM) pendekatan Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semua indikator yang dianalisis memiliki dasar ekonometrik kointegrasi dan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pangsa manufaktur Indonesia. Adapun indikator tersebut adalah tingkat keterbukaan perdagangan, jumlah tenaga kerja manufaktur, kredit domestik, emisi karbon, Penanaman Modal Asing (PMA), dan tingkat ekspor dengan intensitas R&D tinggi. Artinya, implementasi Industri 4.0 tergantung pada kebijakan yang dirancang oleh otoritas ekonomi dan politik mengenai faktor-faktor tersebut. Sehingga mampu membalik arah deindustrialisasi menuju era industrialisasi Industri 4.0 sehingga mampu meningkatkan perekonomian nasional Indonesia., The manufacturing sector is an important growth engine for the Indonesian economy. However, since the financial crisis in 1997-1998, the contribution of the manufacturing sector to GDP has continued to decline, which is often referred to as deindustrialization. Even the growth rate of the manufacturing sector tends to be slower than the national economic growth rate from 2005 to the present. Meanwhile, Indonesia has entered the Industrial Revolution 4.0 which is the goal of Indonesia's current industrialization era. The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of the share of the manufacturing sector to meet the implementation of Industry 4.0. The concept of industrial production driver by A.T Kearney is used as a reference in determining the independent variables in the analysis using the Error Correction Model (ECM) method with the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The results showed that all analyzed indicators have a cointegration econometric basis and have a significant effect on Indonesia's manufacturing share. The indicators are the level of trade openness, the number of manufacturing workers, domestic credit, carbon emissions, foreign investment (FDI), and the level of exports with high R&D intensity. That is, the implementation of Industry 4.0 depends on policies designed by economic and political authorities regarding these factors. So as to be able to reverse the direction of deindustrialization towards the industrialization era of Industry 4.0 so as to improve Indonesia's national economy. Keywords: Deindustrialization, Industry 4.0, Manufacturing Sector
Keyword: Deindustrialisasi, Industri 4.0, Sektor Manufaktur

Judul: The Effect of Factors of Production on  Production of Large and Medium Manufacturing Industries in Indonesia
Abstrak: Industri manufaktur menjadi sektor andalan yang dapat mengakselerasi pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Sektor industri manufaktur merupakan kontributor terbesar PDB nasional. Hingga tahun 2019, industri manufaktur mampu memberikan kontribusi terhadap PDB nasional sebesar 19,7 persen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh faktor produksi terhadap produksi industri manufaktur besar dan sedang Indonesia. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi data panel dengan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) untuk mengidentifikasi pengaruh faktor produksi terhadap produksi industri manufaktur pada tahun 2010 – 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja industri besar dan sedang Indonesia cukup baik terlihat dari produksi industri pada seluruh sub sektor industri mengalami peningkatan pada tahun 2019 dibandingkan dengan tahun 2011, kecuali pada industri karet. Variabel tenaga kerja, bahan baku, dan proporsi PMDN berpengaruh secara positif terhadap produksi industri manufaktur. Sementara, energi dan kapital tidak berpengaruh terhadap produksi industri manufaktur., Manufacturing is a leading sector capable of accelerating domestic economic growth. The manufacturing sector contributes most to domestic GDP. In 2019, the manufacturing sector had been able to contribute 19.7 percent of national GDP. This study aims to analyze the effect of factors of production on the production of Indonesia's large and medium-sized manufacturing industries. The analysis method used was descriptive analysis and regression analysis of panel data with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) to identify the effect of factors of production on manufacturing industry production in 2010 – 2019. The results showed that Indonesia's large and medium-sized industrial performance is quite good as seen from industrial production in all industrial sub-sectors increased in 2019 compared to 2011, except in the rubber industry. Labor variables, raw materials, and proportions of PMDN positively affect the production of manufacturing industries. Meanwhile, energy and capital have no effect on the production of manufacturing industries.
Keyword: factors of production, manufacturing industries, panel data, production

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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