Judul: Analysis of Flavonoid and Indigotin Production in Indigofera tinctoria with NPK Fertilizer Application
Abstrak: Pewarna alami dapat menjadi pilihan untuk menggantikan warna sintetis karena pewarna sintetis berbahaya bagi lingkungan. Salah satu contohnya adalah tanaman Indigofera tinctoria, yang telah terbukti efektif sebagai sumber pewarna alami. Namun, mengingat ketersediaan bahan baku I. tinctoria semakin berkurang, maka perlu dilakukan penelitian dengan cara budidaya menggunakan pupuk nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium (NPK) dengan bentuk N: P2O5: K2O 16:16:16. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan produksi flavonoid dan indigotin dengan perlakuan pupuk nitrogen, fosfor, dan kalium pada dosis pupuk terbaik. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) satu faktor, yaitu dosis NPK (16:16:16) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf: tanpa pemupukan (kontrol), 50, 100, 150, dan 200 kg ha-1 . Panen dilakukan pada waktu yang berbeda, yaitu panen pada fase vegetatif pada 8 minggu setelah tanam (MST) untuk flavonoid, fase vegetatif maksimum pada 11 MST untuk indigotin, dan generatif pada 16 MST untuk indigotin. Metabolit sekunder flavonoid dan warna indigo dianalisis menggunakan standar quercetin (QUE), pelarut indigo carmine (IC), serta analisis morfologi dan fisiologis juga dilakukan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NPK nyata berpengaruh pada tinggi, jumlah daun, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, bobot segar dan kering (cabang, daun, akar, batang, tanaman), luas daun, indeks luas daun, bobot daun khas, laju asimilasi bersih, laju pertumbuhan tanaman, serta produksi indigotin per tanaman pada waktu panen 11 MST. Berdasarkan uji-t perbandingan panen, 16 MST nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan 11 MST pada bobot segar dan kering daun serta produksi indigotin. Korelasi Pearson menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi dan produksi indigotin memiliki korelasi positif terhadap semua variabel pengamatan, kecuali korelasi konsentrasi indigotin dengan karotenoid dan transpirasi yang menunjukkan korelasi negatif. Pemupukan NPK maksimum sebesar 153,81 kg ha-1 dapat menghasilkan produksi flavonoid optimum sebesar 682,47 mg QUE per bobot kering tanaman pada 8 MST. Produksi indigotin per tanaman pada 11 MST mencapai hasil optimum sebesar 8,61 g IC dengan pemupukan NPK pada dosis 175,75 kg ha-1 . Sementara, pada 16 MST, dosis maksimum NPK sebesar 112,64 kg ha-1 menghasilkan produksi indigotin sebesar 24,92 g IC per tanaman. Secara keseluruhan, dosis pemupukan NPK yang disarankan adalah 156,55 kg ha-1 (N=25,05 kg ha-1 , P2O5=25,05 kg ha-1 , dan K2O=25,05 kg ha-1 ) dengan pemanenan pada 16 MST, menghasilkan bobot segar daun sebesar 319,34 g. Industri tekstil mengolah bobot segar daun tersebut menjadi indigotin, yang merupakan zat pewarna alami indigo. Produksi indigotin dihitung berdasarkan perkalian antara bobot segar daun dengan konsentrasi indigotin., Natural dyes can be an option to replace synthetic colors because synthetic dyes harm the environment. One example is Indigofera tinctoria, which has proven effective as a natural dye source. However, due to the decreasing availability of I. tinctoria raw materials, there is a need for research involving its cultivation using nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium (NPK) fertilizers N: P2O5: K2O 16:16:16. This study aims to find the optimum indigotin production by application of NPK. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with one factor, i.e., the dosage of NPK (16:16:16) consisting of 5 levels: without fertilization (control), 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha-1 . Harvesting was conducted at different times: during the vegetative phase at 8 weeks after planting (WAP)
Keyword: Indigofera sp, inorganic fertilizer, natural dyes, secondary metabolite, textile industry

Judul: Peningkatan Produktivitas Indigofera sp. Sebagai Pakan Berkualitas Tinggi Melalui Aplikasi Pupuk Organik Cair dari Limbah Industri Penyedap Masakan:
Abstrak: The food flavor manufacture waste (called sipramin) have a great potential to used as liquid organic fertilizer due to the nutrition contents that needed by plants. The objectives of this research were to evaluate the effect of sipramin as liquid organic fertilizer on soil fertility, re-growth, and herbage productivity of Indigofera sp. for ruminants. This experiment used factorial completely randomized design, the first factor was fertilizer dosages (0, 10, 20 and 40%) and the second factor was fertilization times (30 and 15 days before harvested [dbh]). The observed variables were soil chemical and biological characteristic, re-growth and forage production, and nutritive value of Indigofera sp. for ruminants. An in vitro experiment was carried out to examine the dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), organic matter digestibility (IVOMD), crude protein digestibility (IVCPD), solubility of calcium and phosphorus of Indigofera sp. in rumen liquor. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance. The results showed that the soil nitrogen, number of phosphate resolvability bacteria and Rhizobium sp. were significantly different (P<0.05) on 40% fertilizer dosage than the other treatment. The phosphate resolvability bacteria and available phosphate (P available) of 15 dbh were higher than 30 dbh. Sipramin fertilizer of 40% dosage improved Corganic content and carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio value of soil and significantly (P<0,01) increased forage production (leaf and stem). The number of stem and stem weight of 40% sipramin and 15 dbh were higher than the others. The leaf and stem ratio of 15 dbh were higher than 30 dbh. There were no significantly different (P>0.05) on stem diameter, chlorophyll content, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber, however dry crude protein content (CP) and root nodule were significantly different (P<0.01) on 40% fertilizer dosage than the others. There were interaction between dosage and fertilization time on crude protein and phosphorus content. Crude protein and phosphorus content of 40% sipramin at 15 dbh were higher than the others. IVDMD, IVOMD and IVCPD of 40% were significantly (P<0.05) higher than 0% fertilizer dosage. The quantity of soluble calcium and phosphorus were significantly different (P<0.01) on 40% than 0% fertilizer dosage. The addition of 40% sipramin at 15 dbh fertilization time showed the best result to chemical and biological soil characteristic, re-growth and productivity of Indigofera sp.
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Judul: Formulasi Hamiltonian untuk Menggambarkan Gerak Gelombang Soliter Dimensi Tiga di Permukaan Laut
Abstrak: Gelombang permukaan adalah gelombang yang terjadi perbedaan rapat massa antara air dan udara. Salah satu gelombang permukaan yang ditinjau adalah gelombang soliter. Formulasi gelombang soliter dilakukan dengan menggunakan formulasi Hamiltonian.
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