Judul: A Case Study of Cardiac Tamponade in A Domestic Short Hair Male Cat
Abstrak: Kucing merupakan salah satu hewan kesayangan paling populer di dunia saat ini. Salah satu penyebab utama resiko kematian mendadak pada kucing adalah penyakit jantung. Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk menggambarkan kejadian penyakit tamponade jantung pada kucing jantan domestic short hair berusia dua tahun yang didiagnosis menggunakan ekokardiografi di Rumah Sakit Hewan Pendidikan FKH IPB University. Mode ekokardiografi yang dilakukan pada pasien adalah ekokardiografi dua dimensi Brightness-mode, Motion-mode, dan color flow doppler. Pemeriksaan dengan B-mode menunjukkan adanya efusi perikardium dan pembesaran atrium kiri. Pemeriksaan dengan M-mode menunjukkan peningkatan ketebalan inter ventricular septa-diastole, left ventricle posterior wall-diastole, dan left ventricle posterior wall-systole. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan terjadinya tamponade jantung pada kucing jantan domestic short hair. Pemeriksaan color flow doppler tidak menunjukkan adanya warna regurgitasi atau turbulensi pada katup atrio-ventrikular dan katup semilunar. Hasil menunjukkan kondisi katup yang normal., Cats are one of the most popular pets in the world today. One of the main causes of the risk of sudden death in cats is heart disease. This case study aims to describe the incidence of cardiac tamponade in a 2-year-old domestic short hair male cat diagnosed using echocardiography at IPB University Veterinary Teaching Hospital. The echocardiography modes performed in the patient were two-dimensional Brightnessmode (B-mode) echocardiography, Motion-mode (M-mode), and color flow doppler echocardiography. B-mode examination showed pericardial effusion and left atrial enlargement. M-mode examination showed an increase in the thickness of the interventricular septa-diastole, left ventricle posterior wall-diastole, and left ventricle posterior wall-systole. These results indicate the occurrence of cardiac tamponade in a male domestic short hair cat. Color flow doppler examination did not show any regurgitation or turbulence in the atrio-ventricular and semilunar valves. The results show normal valve conditions.
Keyword: ekokardiografi, kucing, tamponade jantung, echocardiography, cardiac tamponade, cat

Judul: Early Detection of Myocardial Disfunction Using Two-Dimensional Mode Echocardiography in Adult Cat with Hypertrophy Cardiomyopathy
Abstrak: Hipertrofi kardiomiopati (HCM) merupakan kondisi disfungsi miokardium akibat penebalan dinding ventrikel kiri dengan predisposisi pada kucing ras domestik, dewasa, dan jantan. Studi kasus ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik HCM pada kucing yang memenuhi predisposisi melalui ultrasonografi jantung (ekokardiografi). Anamnesis pasien didapatkan gejala batuk berjeda dan hipertensi. Status praesens pasien yang diperoleh yaitu bobot badan 6,6 kg, suhu tubuh 38,5 °C, frekuensi jantung 180 kali/menit, frekuensi napas 40 kali/menit, Body Condition Score 7/9, dan status hidrasi yang baik. Pemeriksaan fisik dilakukan untuk mengetahui kondisi pasien. Pencitraan ekokardiografi dilakukan dengan tiga mode yaitu B-mode, M-mode, dan Color Flow Doppler (CFD). Tekanan darah didapatkan menggunakan oscillometry digital. Hasil pemeriksaan ekokardiografi B-mode ditemukan penebalan pada left ventricle wall dan otot papilari serta penyempitan left ventricular internal dimension. Hasil ekokardiografi M-mode menunjukkan adanya peningkatan denyut jantung, interventricular septa, left ventricular posterior wall diastole, ejection fraction, dan fractional shortening serta penurunan left ventricular internal dimension, stroke volume, dan cardiac output. Hasil CFD tidak ditemukan adanya abnormalitas. Pasien berada pada stadium B1 sesuai dengan penggolongan penyakit kardiomiopati menurut American Heart Association dan American College Veterinary Internal Medicine dengan prognosis dubius-fausta. Pengobatan diberikan dalam bentuk suportif dengan Coenzym q10 sebagai antioksidan., Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a myocardial dysfunction due to the thickening of the left ventricular wall (LVW) with predispositions to domestic breed, adult, and male cats. This case study aims to analyze the characteristics of HCM in predisposed cats by echocardiography. A physical examination was carried out to determine the patient's condition. Echocardiography was performed in three modes: B-mode, M-mode, and Color Flow Doppler (CFD). Blood pressure was obtained using digital oscillometry. The patient's indications obtained were 6,6 kg body weight, 38,5 °C body temperature, 180 beats/minute heart rate, 40 breath/minute respiratory rate, 7/9 Body Condition Score, and good dehydration with intermittent cough and hypertension as the patient's history. B-mode showed thickening of LVW and papillary muscles with narrowing of left ventricular internal dimension. M-mode showed increased heart rate, interventricular septa, left ventricular posterior wall diastole, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening with decreased left ventricular internal dimension, stroke volume, and cardiac output. CFD results found no abnormalities. The patient was classified in stage B1 according to the classification of cardiomyopathy diseases created by the American Heart Association and American College Veterinary Internal Medicine with a dubious-fausta prognosis. Supportive treatment was given with Coenzym q10 as an antioxidant.
Keyword: domestic cat, echocardiography, hypertrophy cardiomyopathy

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm