Judul: Kontribusi Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Terhadap Pendapatan Rumah Tangga Petani dan Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Hutan Rakyat. (Studi di Desa Babakanreuma, Kecamatan Sindangagung, Kabupaten Kuningan, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: According to Hardjanto (2000), income of community forest farmers in Java are still positioned as a by product and incidental. Range of income is not more than 10 % of total revenue and sought simply. It shows that the contribution of community forest have not become the foundation of households subsistence, so it is necessary to conduct a study about how is the contribution of community forests management to total household income and it’s feasibility, especially in the Village Babakanreuma, District Sindangagung, Kuningan Regency, West Java Province. The purpose of this study was to identify the system of community forests management and marketing, knowing the contributions community forests management to households total income as well as examine the linkage of effectiveness of community forests area to the households total income and to determine the feasibility of it’s businesses. Determination of the respondents conducted using stratified random sampling method in which the respondents were 36 people obtained from the slovin formula. This study uses a qualitative approach that conducted by survey method using questionnaire and supported by quantitative techniques. The results shows that the contribution of community forests management to the households income has been very visible, reinforced by the magnitude of the contribution value that become higher and increasing in strata. So that the farmers land area of community forest significantly affected their household income. From the data obtained, in 1st strata , the resulting contribution is Rp. 2,208,333.00 per year (7.79%), 2nd strata is Rp 3.800.000,00 per year (11.98%), and 3rd strata is Rp 5.500.000,00 per year (13.00%). Management of community forests is feasible to run on all three strata. These statements are based on the amount of NPV (Net Present Value) that is not negative, BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) is greater than one and the IRR (Internal Rate of Return) is greater than the prevailing rates. NPV values in strata I, II and III is Rp 6.378.880,00; Rp 14.134.803,00 and Rp 3.985.918.00. Community forests management systems at the sites are still modest. The harvesting is still based on needs and not according to the Sengon plant cycle which is the staple in this village. The timber marketing is only done by a contract system or the middleman (tengkulak) / buyer and furthermore become the responsibility of the middleman / buyer it self.
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Judul: Peran usaha hutan rakyat dalam perekonomian rumah tangga di Desa Legokhuni, Kecamatan Wanayasa, Kabupaten Purwakarta, Propinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: One alternative to overcome the pressure on forest resources and to fulfil community needs for wood, water, environment and other various products is community forests development. Community forests in Java generally aplly agroforestry systems. Timber from community forests has been developed into a commodity that has high economic value and can provide additional revenue for community. This study aims to analyze the influence of agroforestry community forests to the economy of the household, identify the correlation effectiveness of community forest are to income and identify the feasibility of community forest in the Legokhuni. The research was conducted in the Legokhuni, Wanayasa Sub District, Purwakarta District, West Java it used interviews and field observation with purposive sampling method to households who have community forest based on land area. The data which used in this study, are the average farmers household income from community forest, the average of farmers households total income and the contribution of community forests. Then NPV (Net Pressent Value), BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) and IRR (Internal Rate of Return) were used to determine the feasibility of community forests in strata I, II and III. The results of this study show that there are three stratum of forest strata I with land area <0.42 ha, strata II with a land area of 0.42 to 0.902 ha and strata III with land area> 0.902 ha. The number of respondents for strata I, II and III 16, 10 and 6 respondents. Public forests which developed in the village Legokhuni are combination of tea plant (Camellia sinensis), sengon (Parasienthes falcataria), Mindi (Melia azedarach) and Mahoni (Swietenia spp.) The contributions of community forest is to total farmers income are 17.90% in strata I; 30.69% in strata II and 43.03% in strata III. NPV (Net Present Value) for strata I, II and III are Rp. 9764510.00; Rp. 16,090,810.00 and Rp. 11,514,450.00. BCR (Benefit Cost Ratio) for strata I, II and III, are 1.39, 1.30 and 1.08. IRR (Internal Rate Ratio) for strata I, II and III are 28.56%, 32.23% and 26.76%.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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