Judul: Development of Silkworm (Samia cynthia ricini) at Different Temperatures and Egg Storage Time
Abstrak: Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) berasal dari India yang kini sudah banyak dibudidayakan. Samia cynthia ricini bersifat multivoltine, yaitu dalam satu tahun dapat bereproduksi menghasilkan banyak generasi. Oleh karena itu, ketersediaan pakan menjadi sangat penting. Salah satu cara untuk mengontrol ketersediaan pakan adalah dengan melakukan pengontrolan pada penetasan. Penundaan penetasan telur S. c. ricini dapat dilakukan dengan cara menyimpan di suhu rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh suhu dan lama penyimpanan telur terhadap perkembangan ulat sutra S. c. ricini. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah lama penyimpanan (2, 4, dan 8 hari) dan suhu (kontrol, refrigerator, dan freezer) dengan menggunakan sampel masing-masing 100 telur dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Pengambilan data meliputi suhu dan kelembapan lingkungan penelitian, durasi penetasan telur, penetasan telur, perkembangan larva, dan perkembangan embrio S. c. ricini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penyimpanan dengan refrigerator dalam waktu dua hari menghasilkan persentase penetasan dan kelangsungan hidup yang lebih tinggi dan pada perlakuan freezer semua telur mati. Mortalitas paling tinggi terjadi pada instar 1 dan 2. Penyimpanan telur pada suhu rendah (6,3oC dan -21,7oC) menyebabkan pertumbuhan larva tidak normal., Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) originated from India which is now widely cultivated. Samia cynthia ricini is multivoltine, that is, in one year it can reproduce many generations. Therefore, the availability of feed becomes very important. One of the ways to control the availability of feed is to control the hatchery. Delayed hatching of S. c. ricini eggs can be done by storing at low temperatures. This study aimed to analyze the effect of temperature and egg storage time on the development of S. c. ricini silkworms. The treatments used were storage duration (2, 4, and 8 days) and temperature (control, refrigerator, and freezer) by using 100 eggs each treatment with three repetitions. Data collection included air and humidity, duration of hatching eggs, the number of hatching eggs, larval development, and embryonic development of S. c. ricini. The results showed that storage with a refrigerator within two days resulted in a higher percentage of hatching and survival and in the freezer treatment result all of eggs died. The highest mortality occurred in instars 1 and 2. Storage of eggs at low temperatures (6,3oC dan -21,7oC) caused abnormal larval growth.
Keyword: Penetasan, Perkembangan embrio, Samia cynthia ricini, Suhu, Telur, Eggs, Hatching, Samia cynthia ricini, Temperature, Embryo development

Judul: Egg Hatching of Silkworm Samia cynthia ricini  (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) at Different Storage Duration in Refrigerator
Abstrak: Ulat sutra Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) merupakan salah satu jenis ulat sutra yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Ulat sutra S. c. ricini bersifat multivoltine, artinya dalam satu tahun menghasilkan banyak generasi dan tidak memiliki masa diapause. Hal tersebut menjadi permasalahan bagi peternak ulat sutra karena larva yang berlebih tanpa diimbangi dengan ketersediaan pakan yang cukup dapat mengurangi produktivitas ulat sutra. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh lama penyimpanan telur di suhu refrigerator terhadap penetasan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga perlakuan penyimpanan telur, yaitu 7, 10, dan 14 hari di refrigerator dan kontrol di suhu ruang. Pengamatan meliputi persentase telur menetas, durasi penetasan, kelangsungan hidup larva, bobot larva, dan perkembangan embrio. Hasil menunjukkan semakin lama penyimpanan telur S. c. ricini di refrigerator menyebabkan persentase jumlah telur makin rendah, waktu penetasan makin lama, kelangsungan hidup makin pendek, dan bobot larva semakin kecil. Penyimpanan di refrigerator dapat menyebabkan perkembangan abnormal embrio S. c. ricini., Silkworm Samia cynthia ricini (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) is one species of silkworm that is widely cultivated in Indonesia. The species of silkworm is multivoltine, i.e., in one year produces many generations and has no dormancy period. The high produce of larvae caused a problem for farmers to provide the availability of sufficient feed. The insufficient food can reduce silkworm productivity. The purpose of this study was to analyse the effect of storage duration of S. c. ricini eggs at refrigerator on hatching of S. c. ricini silkworms. The study was conducted with three egg storage treatments, namely 7, 10, and 14 days in the refrigerator and control at room temperature. Observations included percentage of eggs hatched, hatching duration, larval survival, larval weight, and embryo development. The results showed that the longer eggs storage of S. c. ricini in the refrigerator, the lower the percentage of eggs hatched, the longer the hatching duration, the shorter the survival time, and the smaller the larval weight. The development of S. c. ricini embryos in the storage treatment in the refrigerator can caused abnormal embryo.
Keyword: storage., Samia cynthia ricini, silkworms, diapause, eggs

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
Keyword: