Judul: Analysis of Determinants of Poverty in Underdeveloped Regions in Sumatra Island
Abstrak: Pulau Sumatra memiliki kinerja ekonomi yang baik bila mengacu pada kontribusi terhadap PDB Nasional. Namun Pulau Sumatra masih memiliki tujuh daerah tertinggal. Kondisi ini diperparah dengan persentase penduduk miskin yang sangat tinggi di tiap daerah tertinggal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memetakan perkembangan kemiskinan daerah tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra dengan menggunakan tipologi Klassen, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Daerah Tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra dengan metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasil analisis pemetaan yang dilakukan dengan tipologi klassen menunjukkan Kabupaten Nias Utara konsisten berada di kuadran dengan persentase kemiskinan tinggi dan PDRB per kapita rendah selama periode penelitian. Sedangkan mayoritas kabupaten lainnya berpindah posisi kuadran. Hasil analisis regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan kemiskinan adalah Panjang jalan dengan kondisi baik, IPM, Belanja modal dan PDRB per kapita. Sementara tingkat pengangguran terbuka (TPT) berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan kemiskinan. Sedangkan belanja bantuan sosial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan daerah tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra., Sumatra Island has shown a strong economic performance in terms of its contribution to the national GDP. However, the island still has seven underdeveloped regions. This situation is further exacerbated by a high percentage of poverty in each of these underdeveloped areas. This research aims to map the progress of poverty in these underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island using the Klassen typology, and to analyze the faktors influencing poverty in these regions through panel data regression analysis. The mapping analysis conducted using the Klassen typology consistently places North Nias Regency in the quadrant with a high poverty percentage and low per capita gross regional domestic product (PDRB) throughout the study period. Meanwhile, most other regencies have shifted their quadrant positions. The panel data regression analysis results indicate that significant faktors reducing poverty include the length of well-maintained roads, the Human Development Index (HDI), capital expenditure, and per capita PDRB. On the other hand, the open unemployment rate (TPT) significantly increases poverty. Social assistance spending does not have an effect on poverty in the underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island
Keyword: Determinants of poverty, panel data regression, Sumatra Island, Underdeveloped Regions

Judul: Poverty Problems and Recommendations for Countermeasure Policies in South Sumatra
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan ekonomi Sumatera Selatan mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, artinya perekonomiannya terus mengalami perkembangan, nilai tambah yang dihasilkan dari sektor-sektor yang ada di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan terus meningkat. Namun, persentase penduduk miskin di Sumatera Selatan merupakan yang tertinggi ke-3 di Pulau Sumatera dan berada diurutan ke-10 di tingkat nasional. Meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi Sumsel seharusnya diikuti pula dengan penurunan kemiskinan masyarakatnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mengapa kemiskinan di Sumsel tidak mengalami penurunan yang signifikan sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonominya mengalami peningkatan tiap tahunnya serta faktor-faktor apa saja yang menyebabkan kemiskinan di Sumatera Selatan. Data yang digunakan merupakan data panel 17 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan tahun 2015- 2019. Menggunakan metode analisis kualitatif deskriptif dan kuantitatif dengan analisis regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa kepadatan penduduk dan TPT berpengaruh positif signifikan, sedangkan pertumbuhan ekonomi, IPM, dan PAD berpengaruh negatif signifikan, sedangkan infrastruktur jalan dan listrik tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan di Provinsi Sumatera Selatan, South Sumatra's economic growth has increased every year, meaning that the economy continues to develop, the added value generated from sectors in South Sumatra continues to increase. However, the percentage of poor people in South Sumatra is the 3rd highest on the island of Sumatra and ranks 10th at the national level. The increasing rate of GRDP growth in South Sumatra should also be followed by a decrease in the poverty of its people. This study aims to find out why poverty in South Sumatra has not decreased significantly while its economic growth has increased every year and what factors cause poverty in South Sumatra. The data used is panel data of 17 regencies/cities in South Sumatra in 2015-2019. Using descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis methods with regression analysis. The results showed that population density and open unemployment had a significant positive effect, while economic growth, HDI, and local revenue had a significant negative effect, while road infrastructure and electricity had no effect on poverty in South Sumatra.
Keyword: Fixed Effect Model (FEM), Panel Data, Poverty, South Sumatra

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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