Judul: Study on Melamine Contaminant on Food Product and Its Regulatory in Indonesia
Abstrak: In September 2008 there was reports of the incident of melamine tainted milk and milk products in Cina which was afraid marketed in Indonesia. At the time the case of melamine tainted on food was unusual and was a new emerging about food adulteration where the regulation are not established. Therefore the objective of this research was to conduct the study of probability melamine contamination on food and its regulatory in Indonesia. The steps of research were collecting data and references, regulations and result of laboratory testing on melamine on food in Indonesia. Melamine contamination on some food products origin of Cina or raw material that used from Cina. Melamine contaminated milk, candy, snack, preserved egg ‘pitan’, egg powdered and ammonium bicarbonate. Level contaminant is 8.51 mg/kg on soymilk drink to 945.86 mg/kg which found on milk candy which imported from Cina, 0,1 mg/kg and 0,16 mg/kg on pitan egg, 0.13 mg/kg to 7.05 mg/kg on powdered egg and 0.178 to 2.74 mg/kg on biscuits ex Malaysia. The Melamine also found on ammonium bicarbonate as 67.71 mg/kg and 75.98 mg/kg. From 72 samples of infant formula registered in Badan POM, melamine was not detected. The products consisted of 40 samples of domestic product and 32 samples of imported from United States (2 products), Netherland (8 products), Philipphine (6 products), Germany (1 product), Malaysia (1 product), New Zealand (6 product), Singapore (4 product), Spain (2 product), Switzeerland (2 product). Melamine was not detected in raw material of milk powder in milk premise.
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Judul: Food Regulatory and Standard Environment: Case Study on Plain and Flavored UHT (Ultra High Temperature) Milk
Abstrak: Ultra High Temperature (UHT) milk is one of milk products that is offered in the market nowadays, especially in Indonesia. The study and internship program on food regulation and standard was conducted at PT Nestlé Indonesia. PT. Nestlé Indonesia has a department that takes care on regulatory and standard matter, called Regulatory Affairs Department. PT. Nestlé Indonesia always concern on compliance of its product with the existed regulation and standard, so that the excellent quality of the product along with the care to consumer safety and healthy could be achieved. The opportunity for global trading was encouraged recently, and the barrier that will be faced by the industries in Indonesia, including food industry, is compliancy to regulations and standards of importing and exporting countries. The scope of this internship covers regulations and standards that related to milk and UHT milk. The activity was initiated with inventorying and listing of particular regulations and standards. The obtained regulations and standards were analyzed based on food category system, labeling practices, food additives provision, nutrient additive provision, analysis and sampling, hygiene practices, maximum residue level of veterinary drug provision, food safety, contaminants provision, export and import matter provision, and specific regulation/standard for milk and UHT milk. From the collected documents, the regulations and standards that containing information on permitted food additives and contaminants and their maximum level were evaluated. The regulations and standards of UHT milk that covered in this study were based on regulations and standards National level that include the governmental regulations, the National Agency of Drug and Food Control (NADFC) decrees and the National Standard of Indonesia (Indonesian-SNI); at global level that represented by Codex Alimentarius Commission (CAC) Documents (standards, guidelines, recommended code of practices); at regional level that represented by European Union commission and/or council regulations; and at milk exporting countries level that represented by Australia and New Zealand using Food Standards Australia - New Zealand (FSANZ), and by United States of America using Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) that concentrated on food. ...
Keyword: Food regulation, Food standard, Plain UHT milk, Flavored UHT milk, Food additive, Food contaminant

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm