Judul: Food and Feeding Habits of Moonfish (Mene  maculata Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in Palabuhanratu Bay
Abstrak: Ikan semar (M. maculata) merupakan jenis ikan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis dan ekologis di Teluk Palabuhanratu. Informasi biologi tentang ikan semar masih sangat sedikit terutama aspek makanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makanan dan kebiasaan makan ikan semar (M. maculata) di Teluk Palabuhanratu. Penelitian dilakukan selama enam bulan dimulai dari bulan September 2021 hingga Februari 2022. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari distribusi frekuensi panjang, hubungan panjang bobot, faktor kondisi, indeks bagian terbesar, luas relung makanan, tumpang tindih makanan, dan morfometrik terkait makanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan makanan ikan semar terdiri atas Crustacea, potongan ikan, Nematoda, Echinodermata, dan Chaetognatha, dengan makanan utama adalah Crustacea. Diameter mata berkisar 0,2-0,56 mm dan lebar bukaan mulut berkisar 0,25-1,03 mm. Nilai luas relung 0,30 dan tumpang tindih antar jenis kelamin 0,99. Ikan semar (M. maculata) merupakan ikan karnivor nokturnal dengan potensi persaingan makanan yang tinggi dilihat berdasarkan waktu pengambilan contoh, jenis kelamin, dan kelompok ukuran., Moonfish (M. maculata) is a type of fish that has economic and ecological value in Palabuhanratu Bay. Biological information about moonfish is still very little, especially regarding the food aspect. This study aims to analyze the food and feeding habits of the moonfish (M. maculata) in Palabuhanratu Bay. The research was conducted for six months starting from September 2021 to February 2022. The analysis used in this study consisted of length frequency distribution, length weight relationship, condition factor, largest portion index, food niche area, food overlap, and food-related morphometrics. The results showed that the diet of semar fish consisted of Crustaceans, fish pieces, nematodes, echinoderms and Chaetognatha, with the main food being Crustaceans. The eye diameter ranges from 0,2-0,56 mm and the mouth opening width ranges from 0,25-1,03 mm. The value of the niche area is 0,30 and the overlap between the sexes is 0,99. Semar fish (M. maculata) is a nocturnal carnivorous fish with a high potential for food competition based on sampling time, sex, and size group.
Keyword: Crustacea, food, moonfish, Palabuhanratu

Judul: Reproductive Biology of Moonfish (Mene maculalata Bloch & Schneider, 1801) in Palabuhanratu during West Monsoon
Abstrak: Ikan semar (Mene maculata) merupakan ikan demersal dengan nilai ekologis dan ekonomis yang penting. Tingginya pemanfaatan ikan semar sebagai ikan konsumsi berpotensi mengganggu pola reproduksi, rekrutmen dan ketersediaan stok sumberdaya ikan semar, yang mana informasi biologi reproduksi minim pada musim barat. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biologi reproduksi ikan semar di Teluk Palabuhanratu. Periode penelitian berlangsung pada bulan September 2021 hingga Februari 2022 (mewakili musim barat), dengan ikan contoh sebanyak 522 ekor. Pengambilan ikan contoh menggunakan metode penarikan contoh acak sederhana. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa nisbah kelamin sebesar 1:0,76 yang didominasi oleh ikan jantan. Ikan semar memiliki pola pertumbuhan allometrik negatif. Puncak musim pemijahan selama periode penelitian berada di bulan September dan Oktober. Potensi reproduksi berkisar 11.988 hingga 21.164 butir telur. Pola pemijahan ikan semar terindikasi total spawner yaitu pemijahan yang terjadi secara sekaligus. Hasil analisis menggunakan metode Spearman-Karber menunjukkan bahwa ukuran pertama kali ikan semar betina matang gonad (Lm) lebih dahulu dibanding ikan semar jantan., Moonfish (Mene maculata) is a demersal fish with important ecological and economic values. The high utilization of semar fish as consumption fish has the potential to disrupt reproductive patterns, recruitment and the availability of moonfish resource stocks, where an information on reproductive biology is minimal during the west monsoon. This study aims to analyze the reproductive biology of moonfish in Palabuhanratu Bay. This research was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022 (representing the west moonson), with a sample of 522 fish. Sampling of fish using simple random sampling method. The results show that the sex ratio is 1:0.76 which is dominated by male fish. Moonfish has a negative allometric growth pattern. Spawning season during the study period was in September and October. The reproductive potential ranges from 11.988 to 21.164 eggs. Moonfish spawning patterns indicated total spawners, namely spawning that occurred all at once. The results of the analysis using the Spearman-Karber method showed that femmale’s moonfish reaches the size at first sexual maturity (Lm) is earlier than males.
Keyword: Moonfish, Palabuhanratu bay, Reproductive biology

Judul: Query Expansion based on Bilingual Dictionary Using Conditional Probability
Abstrak: Query expansion is a technique that can be used to bridge vocabulary gaps between queries and documents in the collection. With query expansion, user will be helped to formulate queries well so that user will optimize the search result. In this study, the expansion term was resulted from the translation of bilingual dictionary. Subsequently, several terms of expansion were elected based on the closeness of its relationship with the original query. This research showed that conditional probability can be used to select expansion term in bilingual translation method query expansion. The result of 1000 documents was more than 97% relevan document can be retrieved by this system. The more expansion term used, the larger number relevan document was retrieved.
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