Judul: Giving sinbiotic with different doses in white shrimp feed for prevention of infection IMNV (Infectious Myonecrosis Virus).
Abstrak: Sinbiotic is an alternative on controling the IMNV (Infectious Myonecrosis Virus) infection in white shrimp. The effect of sinbiotic feeding with different doses on the survival and immune response white shrimp that infected with IMNV has been studied. SKT-b Vibrio alginolyticus and oligosaccharides extracted from sweet potato (sukuh variety) was used as probiotic and prebiotic. Twenty white shrimps with average weight of 0,54 ± 0,04 g, was maintained for 30 days in aquarium with 40 liter of volume. There were five treatments applied to the shrimps, consisted of K- and K- (without the addition of sinbiotic), A (the addition ofsinbiotica half dose: 0.5% probiotic and prebiotic of 1%, B (the addition of sinbioticone dose: probiotic1% and prebiotic 2%, and C (the addition ofsinbioticdouble dose: probiotic 2 % and prebiotic 4%). After 30 days given with treatment feed, the experimental shrimp was infected by oral with IMNV, except K-. The result showed that giving sinbiotic feed with the different doses can increased survival and immune response. Treatment C with dose of probiotic 2% and prebiotic 4% giving the best result for prevention of infection IMNV, had the best survival (80%) and immune response.
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Judul: Pemberian prebiotik, probiotik, dan sinbiotik untuk pengendalian ko-infeksi bakteri Vibrio harveyi dan IMNV (Infectious Myonecrosis Virus) pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vanname
Abstrak: This study aimed to examine the influence of prebiotic, probiotic, and sinbiotic against survival and immune response of white shrimp challenged with coinfection of Vibrio harveyi and the IMNV virus. Shrimp that with a body weigth of 2,04±0.20 g/animal, was kept at 20 shrimps per aquarium with size 60 x 30 x 35 cm. The study was conducted with five treatments consisted of K (+) (without the addition of prebiotic, probiotic and sinbiotic with co-infection), K (-) (without the addition of prebiotic, probiotic and sinbiotic and without co-infection), P1 (the addition of prebiotik with co-infection), P2 (the addition of probiotic with coinfection), and P3 (the addition of sinbiotik with co-infection). The results showed that prebiotic, probiotic and sinbiotic treatment have better influence than the K (+) treatment. The survival of prebiotic, probiotic, and sinbiotic treatment were higher (70,83%-79,17%) than K(+) treatment (50,00%) and a better immune response were also observed.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular