Judul: Persepsi pelajar SMA umum di Kotamadya Yogyakarta tentang lingkungn hijau di perkotaan
Abstrak: Masalah lingkungan hidup semakin rumit dengan adanya pertambahan penduduk serta kemajuan ilmu dan teknologi. Salah satu fakta yang memperlihatkan terganggunya ekosistem dan menurunnya kualitas lingkungan adalah terdesaknya ruang terbuka hijau akibat adanya pembangunan di perkotaan. Sumber utama masalah lingkungan adalah manusia. Upaya peningkatan kesadaran masyarakat tentang pentingnya lingkungan hijau sebagai bagian dari lingkungan hidup, sudah sejak dulu dilaksanakan. Tetapi dirasakan bahwa upaya pembinaan kesadaran berlingkungan sehat untuk masa depan merupakan usaha yang sangat sulit. Menghadapi kenyataan diatas, pelajar sebagai bagian dari masyarakat yang memiliki potensi terbesar dalam pembangunan. di masa depan, jelas menjadi titik perhatian utama. Terlebih lagi dirasakan, dukungan pelajar dalam kegiatan di bidang perbaikan dan pelestarian lingkungan tidak menunjukkan peran aktifnya. Hal ini dapat terjadi karena kurangnya persepsi mereka terhadap lingkungannya. Seberapa jauh pengertian dan pemahaman pelajar tentang lingkungan hingga terbentuk suatu persepsi, sampai sekarang belum ada penelitian yang menguraikan masalah tersebut.
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Judul: Persepsi guru dalam penerapan pendidikan lingkungan hidup di sekolah dasar sekitar hutan kawasan Gunung Salak Endah Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: This research aimed at identifying teacher’s perception of the environment, teacher’s perception of Environmental Education (EE) implementation, and the influencing factors. Data were collected through structured questionnaire, guided interview, field observation, as well as archives and secondary documents. Factor analysis, Spearman correlation, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyse the data. The results showed that, first, according to the result of the Draw-An-Environment-Test (DAET), teachers from forest margin area have limited environmental perception due to lack of capacity in expressing their thoughts in drawings and writings. However, since writing and drawing are not yet internalized as an important behavior in education, the DAET instrument should be critically improved or revised to make it fits for developing countries such as Indonesia. Second, according to the result of Factor Analysis, the perception of teachers toward EE is constructed from three major factors, i.e. the EE teaching effectiveness, its benefits, and outcome expectancy. The first factor – the EE teaching effectiveness – is formed by four variables i.e. perceived competence, self-efficacy, pressure/tension and perceived choice. Further analysis shows that the teacher often views him or herself as having low competence and self-efficacy due to the EE course experience and his/her educational level. The second factor resulted from Factor Analysis – the EE benefits – is formed by three variables, i.e. interest/enjoyment, efforts, and usefulness of the EE course. The EE benefits itself, according to Kruskal-Wallis test, are determine by EE training course received, level of grade taught and the nature-based organizational experienced by the teachers. Third, in order to reach effective EE teaching, the capacity, motivation, perceived competence and self-efficacy of the teachers should be strengthen. This includes but not limited to the mastery of environment-related subjects particularly forest conservation topics, strengthen skills for outdoor teaching and increased compassion on the environmental issues and/or forest related problems.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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