Judul: The Evaluation of Utilization of Sheep Rumen Liquor Enzyme for Hydrolisis of Crude Fiber Content in Coconut Meal and its Apparent Digestibility for Red Tilapia Oreochromis sp.
Abstrak: in coconut cake meal (CCM) by sheep rumen liquor enzymes, and apparent digestibility of hydrolyzed CCM for the diet of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp). In Experiment I, the sheep rumen liquor enzymes were added into the CCM at concentration of either 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 125 ml/kg of CCM, and incubated for the period of 0, 12, and 24 hours, respectively. In order to evaluate the apparent digestibility, in Experiment II, CCM and hydrolyzed CCM were fed on tilapia for 2 weeks. The result showed that sheep rumen liquor enzymes could effectively reduced the fiber content of CCM, while its glucose concentration increased. It was found that the application of sheep rumen liquor enzymes at a dose of 125 ml in 1 kg CCM at a period of 24 hours was the most effective treatment to reduce the crude fiber content in CCM. The crude fiber content in this treatment decreased from 13.76% to 6.98 %, thereby the apparent digestibility in red tilapia increased from 45.71% to 60.64%.
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Judul: Improve nutrition quality of leucaena leaf meal with addition of sheep rumen liquor enzyme for nila tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) feed
Abstrak: The aims of this experiment were; (1) to evaluate hydrolyze enzyme activity in exctract rumen liquor of sheep fed forage, (2) to improve the nutrient quality of leucaena leaf meal (LLM) by addition with sheep rumen liquor enzyme; (3) to evaluate the suitability of hydrolized LLM as alternative protein source for Nile tilapia. The first stage of experiment showed that the activity of enzyme hydrolyze in rumen fluid of sheep with forage feeding had the largest cellulase activity than amylase, protease, lipase and phytase activity. The second stage was designed in completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 3 replications with different level enzyme addition (0; 20; 40; 60; 80; and 100 ml/kg LLM) and incubated in 2 and 24 hours.. Results of the first experiment showed that nutrient quality of LLM with addition of sheep rumen liquor enzyme 100 ml/kg LLM, within incubated 24 hours have the best result than that of incubated 2 hours.The enzymes significantly (P<0.05) increased soluble glucose (2127,45%) soluble protein (3538,23%), decreased crude fiber (53,640%) and phytic acid (68,088%); but the enzyme did not affect crude lipid and crude protein content. The third stage experiments was conducted with two experimental diet. The first one contained hydrolyzed LLM at level 10% 15% 20% 25% and 30% ( Group I; Diet A, B, C, D and E respectively) and one diet acting as a control (Diet K, 0% LLM), the second experiments contained non-hydrolized LLM at the same level as the first ezperiment ( Group II; Diet F, G, H, I, J). All diets were isoenergy. A seven weeks feeding trial was carried out on triplicate groups of eight fish (9,38 ± 0,41) in aquarium with a recirculating system for group I and II. Fish were fed twice daily at satiation. Results showed that improvement of the quality of hydrolyzed LLM increased daily growth rate, feed efficiency, protein and fat retention. Similarly, the value of Hepato somatic indeks, glycogen content and enzyme activity of protease, amylase and cellulase in fish feeding hydrolyzed LLM were higher than that of non- hydrolyzed LLM. HIS and liver glycogen storage in fish with hydrolyzed LLM in diet increased with the increasing use of hydrolyzed LLM. Histological liver and intestine of tilapia using hydrolyzed LLM in the diet did not show significant differences with those of fish with feed without LLM. It is was concluded that enzymes from rumen liquer capable of increasing the nutritive quality of LLM. Application of hydrolyzed LLM up to 15% in the diet of tilapia show better performance compared with non-hydrolyzed LLM
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Judul: Transisi Fasa Materi Hadronik ke Materi Kuark pada Inti Bintang Neutron.
Abstrak: Bintang neutron terdiri dari beberapa lapisan yang disusun oleh materi nuklir yang berbeda dengan kerapatan yang semakin tinggi ketika mendekati pusat bintang. Inti luar bintang neutron disusun oleh materi hadronik (nukleon, lepton, dan hyperon), sedangkan inti dalam bintang neutron disusun oleh kuark-kuark bebas (up, down, strange) yang saling berinteraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari bagaimana transisi dari inti luar ke inti dalam bintang neutron dengan menggunakan pendekatan RMF (Relativistic Mean Field) untuk materi hadronik dan CIDDM (Confined Isospin Density Dependent Mass) untuk materi kuark. Tekanan transisi diperoleh ketika potensial kimia barion materi hadronik dan materi kuark bernilai sama. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-TM1 sekitar 87 MeV/fm3 dan diperoleh massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.92M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.62 km. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-G2 sekitar 53 MeV/fm3 dan massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.88M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.16 km. Jenis transisi fasa adalah orde satu ditandai dengan diskontinuitas dalam kerapatan energi (adanya mixed phase). Parameter-parameter pada model nuklir yang digunakan menyebabkan perbedaan kekakuan persamaan keadaan (EOS) dari materi hadronik dan materi kuark sehingga nilai tekanan transisi dari fasa hadronik ke fasa kuark juga berbeda.
Keyword: bintang neutron, persamaan keadaan, transisi fasa