Judul: Development pattern for freshwater fish pond farmers capacity in West Java Province
Abstrak: Aquaculture plays an important role to improve socio-economic of the community. Freshwater fish farmers depend their household’s income from managing the business. However, they are lacking capacity in their business. The research objectives were to identify the factors influence fish farmers capacity and their business sustainability, and to design of strategies to lift-up fish farmers capacities. A number of 278 fish farmer respondents participated in the study from Bogor and Cianjur Districts of West Java Province. Research analysis by descriptive statistic, independent-samples T-test, and CHAID (Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detection). Results of the research showed that capacity of fish farmer to practice their business was low. Factors influence onish farmers capacity were formal education, non-formal education, income, support service of input production, and performance of the extension workers on learning activity. Factors influence the business sustainability were fish farmer capacity, the function of group leader, performance of the extension workers on networking, and the support of input production. Strategies to lift-up small scale fish farmer capacity are as the follow by namely: to design fisheries extension programme systematically, to improve the extension workers performance, to improve the fish farmer’s group dynamics, and to raise of support services of financial, input production, and information institution
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Judul: Farmer’s participation to increase the capacity of famers’ institution (case on Farmers’ Group at Province of Central Java)
Abstrak: The capacity of farmers’ group institutions are needed to promote agricultural development, in globalization economic era. Economic indicators, agricultural infrastructures, and government policy often cause small farmer to economically and socially marginalized. Farmers with small size land ownership, marginal rate of return in agriculture sector, agriculture policy which nonalignment to farmer make more difficult to increase their income. On the other side, farmers’ group institutions which are expected be able to strengthen the farmer position face the problems of mismanagement or less effective in improve famers’ livelihood condition. The objectives of the research are to: (1) Identify the degree of member participation in farmers’ group institution, and level of the capacity of farmer group’s institute in managing agriculture resources collectively; (2) Identify and explain various factors affect member participation in farmers’ group institution; (3) Identify and explain various factors affect the capacity of farmes’ group institution; and (4) Formulate an appropriate strategy in capacity building of farmers’ group institution. The data were collected at three district of Center Java Province, namely: Klaten, Grobogan, and Karanganyar. Data obtained through interview by 405 respondents whose members of farmers’ group institutions, 48 local leaders, and informans others. The results show that capacity of farmers’ group institution is still at medium category. Capacity of farmers’ group institution was directly influenced by level of members’ participation in farmer groups’ institution, capacities level of farmer, and dynamic level of learning group. Social economical status (formal education, non-formal education, farmers’ experience in work, famers’ income, famers’ needs, social participation, and learning experience), local leadership, intensity of outsiders’ role, the support of extension were indirectly influenced to the capacity of farmers’ group institution through dynamic of learning group, participation in farmers’ group institution, and farmers’ capacities.
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Judul: Transisi Fasa Materi Hadronik ke Materi Kuark pada Inti Bintang Neutron.
Abstrak: Bintang neutron terdiri dari beberapa lapisan yang disusun oleh materi nuklir yang berbeda dengan kerapatan yang semakin tinggi ketika mendekati pusat bintang. Inti luar bintang neutron disusun oleh materi hadronik (nukleon, lepton, dan hyperon), sedangkan inti dalam bintang neutron disusun oleh kuark-kuark bebas (up, down, strange) yang saling berinteraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari bagaimana transisi dari inti luar ke inti dalam bintang neutron dengan menggunakan pendekatan RMF (Relativistic Mean Field) untuk materi hadronik dan CIDDM (Confined Isospin Density Dependent Mass) untuk materi kuark. Tekanan transisi diperoleh ketika potensial kimia barion materi hadronik dan materi kuark bernilai sama. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-TM1 sekitar 87 MeV/fm3 dan diperoleh massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.92M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.62 km. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-G2 sekitar 53 MeV/fm3 dan massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.88M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.16 km. Jenis transisi fasa adalah orde satu ditandai dengan diskontinuitas dalam kerapatan energi (adanya mixed phase). Parameter-parameter pada model nuklir yang digunakan menyebabkan perbedaan kekakuan persamaan keadaan (EOS) dari materi hadronik dan materi kuark sehingga nilai tekanan transisi dari fasa hadronik ke fasa kuark juga berbeda.
Keyword: bintang neutron, persamaan keadaan, transisi fasa