Judul: Increasing Maize Pollen Viability with NPK and Boron, and Its Utilization in Hybrid Seed Production
Abstrak: Maizeis one of food crops targeted to be self-sufficient in 2014, thus production should be increased to meet the demand. One way of increasing the production is use of hybrid seeds which is not always available for farmers due to low seed production of F1 hybrid. The low production of the F1 hybrid is hindered by the low pollen production, short pollen viability, and unsynchronized flowering of male and female parents. Therefore, increasing pollen viability as well as prolong storability of the pollen using NPK and boron would ensure the availability of pollen for hybrid seed production. The research was conducted in the experimental station of Puspiptek and Seed Technology and Agro-Industrial and Biomedical Development (Laptiab) laboratory, BPPT, Serpong. The research was carried out during April to November 2013, consisted of two experiments to study the effect of NPK and boron on pollen production and viability; and to investigate the effect of temperature and prolonged storage of pollen on maize hybrid seed production. The male parent of hybrid maize Bima 3 (strain M14 ) was used in the first experiment that was arranged in split plot design with three replicates. The main plot was dosage of NPK i.e. 0, 300 and 600 kg ha-1. The sub plot was dosage of boron i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3 kg ha-1. The result showed that NPK increased plant height and number of leaves, shorten the time of emergence of tassel (J50%), increased the number of spike per tassel, spike length and pollen viability. Application of boron increased the number of spike per tassel, lengthened the spike and increased pollen viability. NPK 600 kg ha-1 and boron 3 kg ha-1 increased the number of spike per tassel, spike length, and pollen viability. In the second experiment NPK 600 kg ha-1 and boron 3 kg ha-1 was applied to produce pollen of M14 and then stored and used for hybrid seed production. The female parent of Bima 3 (Nei9008) was used to evaluate if stored pollen was potentially beneficial for hybrid seed production. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with two factors and three replicates. The first factor was storage temperature i.e. -20 °C and-40 °C, and the second factor was storage period i.e. 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after storage (WAS). The results showed that both the storage temperature -20 °C and -40 °C were able to maintain the pollen viability above 85% for 3 WAS based on I2KI stain. However, the stored pollen was not effective for hybrid seed production due to very low seed set. Seeds obtained from stored pollen had lower germination percentage, vigor index and germinated slower than those obtained from fresh pollen.
Keyword: male parent, female parent, Bima 3, pollen storage, controlled pollination

Judul: Peningkatan Produksi Benih Jagung Hibrida melalui Optimalisasi Populasi dan Rasio Tetua Jantan Betina
Abstrak: Attempts to increase seed yield of hybrid corn has been done, but the results have not been satisfactorily achieved. Researches should be done in various aspects such as row ratio of parents, planting density, optimum days to harvest and influence of climatic factors (sunlight and rainfall), season and agroecology. The aim of study are to obtain optimum plant population and rasio of male to female parents for increasing seed yield of hybrid corn and to study seed quality of Bima 3 and STJ-01 varieties. The seeds used in the research were parents of Bima 3 (Nei90008 line as female, Mr14 line as male) and STJ-01 (Bima 5 variety as female, Nei9008 line as male). The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with two factors and three replications (replications was nested in factor of parent ratio). The first factor was male to female parent ratio (1:4, 1:5 and 2:6) and the second factor was plant population (66 667 plants/ha, 83 333 plants/ha and 90 000 plants/ha). Combined analysis of variance was performed to understand the effects of both factors and their interactions. The results showed that plant population did not significantly affect plant height of Bima 3 and STJ-01 parents, ear height of Bima 3 and STJ-01 female parents, leaf area index of STJ-01 female parent, number of ear of Bima 3 female parent, ear weight of Bima 3, and seed yield of Bima3 and STJ-01. The effect of parents ratio was significant for seed yield of Bima 3 and STJ-01. The highest seed yield of Bima 3 variety was achieved at parent ratio 1: 5 (1.43 tons/ha) and the highest seed yield of STJ-01 was achieved at parent ratio 1:4 (3 tons/ha). Seed quality of Bima 3 variety was better than that of STJ-01. The seedling growth of Bima 3 was more simultaneous more tolerant to drought based on germination percentage and speed of germination and more tolerant to salinity based on the number of green leaves.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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