Judul: Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif dari Limbah Padat Industri Agar-agar sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat dan Bahan Organik dari Limbah Industri Tekstil
Abstrak: Limbah padat agar-agar merupakan limbah yang dihasilkan dari industri agar-agar dimana jumlahnya mencapai 65–70% dari total bahan baku. Limbah agar-agar diketahui mengandung selulosa yang cukup tinggi sehingga berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk membuat kabon aktif dari limbah padat agar-agar serta untuk mengetahui karakteristik karbon aktif yang dihasilkan. Karbon aktif terbaik kemudian diaplikasikan sebagai adsorben limbah industri tekstil. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret hingga Juli 2012. Karakterisasi limbah padat agar, pembuatan serta karakterisasi karbon aktif dilakukan di Laboratorium Karakterisasi Bahan Baku Hasil Perairan dan Laboratorium Biokimia Hasil Perairan, Departemen Teknologi Hasil Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan. Pengujian serat kasar dilakukan di Laboratorium Analisis Pangan, Departemen Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan, Fakultas Teknologi Pertanian. Pengujian logam dilakukan di Laboratorium Bersama, Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, sedangkan pengujian BOD dan COD dilakukan di Laboratorium Produktivitas dan Lingkungan Perairan, Departemen Manajemen Sumberdaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Karbon Aktif dengan Aktivator H3PO4 dari Limbah Padat Agar sebagai Penjerap pada Limbah Cair Industri Penyamakan Kulit
Abstrak: Agar solid waste can be used as an adsorbent in the form of activated carbon. The study aims were to determine the best concentration of H3PO4 and activation time on the processing of activated carbon and the effectiveness of activated carbon as an adsorbent in the tanning industry wastewater. The activation step of activated carbon was carried out with H3PO4 concentration of 10; 20; 30% and the time activation of 15; 20; 25 hours. The best activation treatment was obtained on 10% H3PO4 concentration and 15 hours activation time with activated carbons yield of 93.42%, moisture content of 10.59%, ash content of 65.91%, absorption of iodine of 1090.80 mg/g, volatile matter of 21.60% dan fixed carbon of 12.35%. The best activated carbon was applied to the tanning industry wastewater with contact time of 0.5; 1; 1.5; 2 hours and activated carbon concentrations of 0; 1; 2; 3%. Application treatment with contact time of 0.5 hours and 3% activated carbon concentration decreased the value of Cr from 4371.21 ppm to 3572.76 ppm, treatment with contact time of 1 hours and 3% activated carbon concentration decreased the value of BOD, COD from 1216.10 mg/L, 17753.33 mg/L to 438.21 mg/L, 11770.00 mg/L respectively, however it did not affect the pH value.
Keyword: adsorbent, agar solid waste, wastewater, activated carbon, H3PO4

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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