Judul: Representasi sosial program simpan pinjam untuk kelompok perempuan (SPP) PNPM mandiri pedesaan: studi kasus Desa Gunung Menyan, Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Salah satu masalah khusus yang sedang berkembang di Indonesia adalah kemiskinan. Kemiskinanyang dihadapi tidak hanya sebatas kemiskinan secara ekonomi, akan tetapi juga bersifat non ekonomi, seperti terbatasnya akses terhadap pengetahuan dan keterampilan, produktivitas yang rendah, terbatasnya akses terhadap partisipasi dan pembangunan, dan lain sebagainya. Menyikapi hal tersebut, pemerintah mencanangkan program pengentasan kemiskinan yang salah satu diantaranya adalah Program Simpan Pinjam untuk Kelompok Perempuan (SPP) PNPM Mandiri Pedesaan yang berupa kegiatan pemberian pinjaman kepada kelompok perempuan sebagai tambahan modal usaha ekonomi. Pengimplementasian Program SPP PNPM tidak selalu berjalan mulus. Banyak terjadi permasalahan dalam pelaksanaan program SPP PNPM yaitu berupa kemacetan pengembalian pinjaman pada peserta program, penyalahgunaan pemanfaatan uang pinjaman, dan ketidaktepatan sasaran program.
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Judul: Partisipasi perempuan dalam kegiatan simpan pinjam kelompok perempuan (SPP) (kasus PNPM Mandiri perdesaan di salah satu desa di kabupaten Banyumas)
Abstrak: Population of poor in Indonesia is not significantly decreasing. In consequence, Government perform strategies to overcome the problem. One of them is by launching the National Program for Community Empowerment (PNPM) Independent Rural Areas. There are three activities suggested in PNPM Independent Rural Areas, they are Women group Savings and Loans (SPP), Facilities and Infrastructure Developments and the Life Quality Improvements. This research focuses on the activities in the SPP and is expected to contribute women in improving their welfare. The purposes of this research are to analyze the internal and external factors which are closely related to the level of women participation in the Women Group Savings and Loans and to analyze the relationship between the women participation with the success rate of SPP activity. Meanwhile, the determination of the respondents number is set by non-proportional method. This research operated survey method with quantitative which is supported by qualitative approach. Quantitative data obtained by interviewing the women of SPP members based on planned questionnaire guide. While, the qualitative data is obtained by interviewing the parties who were involved in the activities. The results showed that age was the only internal factor in the activities of SPP which is closely linked to women participation. However, external factors did not closely linked with women participation level dan participation level with the sucsess rate of the SPP activity.
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Judul: Pengukuran Jantung Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) dengan Radiografi Toraks
Abstrak: This research was conducted to evaluate radiographs heart size of anaesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under different combination of ketamine and xylazine. The rabbits were divided into three groups. Group A were anaesthetized using a 35 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=5). Group B were anaesthetized using a 40 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3) while group C were anaesthetized using 45 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3). Parameter of observation from left laterolateral view were: 1) the apicobasilar length of the heart (AB), 2) the width of the heart (CD), 3) the distance between the cranial edge of the fifth rib and the caudal edge of the seventh rib perpendicular to the spine (R5-7), and 4) the vertical depth of the toraks (H). Parameter of observation from dorsoventral view were: 1) the length of the heart (L), 2) the width of the heart (W), and 3) the width of the thorax (T). The result from the heart parameters observation that were measured in left laterolateral view and dorsoventral view shows theres no significantly differ among the groups (P > 0.05). The vertebrae heart size (VHS) values obtained from the sum of the length of the long and the short axes on left laterolateral view. The long axes mean values (A) were 4.35±0.26 v and the short axes mean values (B) were 3.59±0.30 v, therefore VHS mean values were 7.94±0.49 v. On the dorsoventral view, the length of the heart mean values (L) were 4.32±0.29 cm, the width of the heart mean values (W) were 3.33±0.26 cm, and the width of the thorax mean values (T) were 5.85±0.30 cm. In normal conditions, the width of the heart should be less than two-thirds the width of the thorax and values obtained of 3.33<3.72 it shows that the heart is in the normal range. The best ratio to calculated the normal heart dimension in the left laterolateral view was compared the long axes with the vertical depth of the thorax, whereas in dorsoventral view, the length of the heart was compared with the width of the heart.
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