Judul: Optimal allocation of resources in the coastal wetlands of Sumatra and case studies to tests the results
Abstrak: There are three major groups of people that live in Muara Telang study area, these are local residents, Buginese, and transmigrants. They grow rice, coconuts, bananas and other crops. Coconuts and bananas are the cash crops of the area. The objective of this study is to determine the economic efficiency of the cropping system as it was applied by each of those three major groups of people in Muara Telang. Also it compares the costs, yields, labor use, net returns over time for the cropping systems applied by each. This study has also examined the nonformal institution of the Buginese farmers and the methods of clearing coastal wetlands by the three groups of people in Muara Tcl . The data collection was carried out by interviewing the farmers in their houses. Analysis of the data was done by using a linear programming model, which was developed for each of the three major groups of farmers in Muara Telang. The result shows that the farmers in Muara Telang have not yet allocated their existing scarce resources to alternative activities efficiently, and there is something to be gained from reallocation of these resources. The important limiting factors of production are planting, weeding and harvesting labor for large sized farms (local resident farms), harvesting labor for middle sized farms (Buginese farms), and weeding labor for smaller farms (transmigrant farms). Using hired or exchange labor is one way for solving these limiting factors which if applied, could lead to an increase of more than 40 percent in the farmers' income. Price policy was found not to be a practical policy instrument in changing the product mix or increasing the farmers' income. This is shown by the fact that product prices would have to change very drastically if any significant changes in production patterns are expected. Moreover, the distributional effect of increasing prices would only benefit the larger farmers, who already have higher incomes.
Keyword: Topography;

Judul: Model pengelolaan lahan rawa lebak berbasis sumberdaya lokal untuk pengembangan  Usahatani berkelanjutan  (studi kasus di Kecamatan Sungai Raya dan  Sungai Ambawang, Kabupaten Kubu Raya - Kalimantan Barat)
Abstrak: The exploitation of swamp land is still limited when compared to the cultivation of dry land or irrigated land. Some of the factors that make the exploitation of swamp area far from expectation and its yields not maximum, for example 1) the wrong perception of farmers that the farming they are doing now has given high income, 2) a lack of capital, 3) low technological access, 4) characteristics of farmer‘s subsistence, and 5) tradition-based farming. This study was aimed to formulate a resources-based swamp land development model to increase land productivity and farmer Income. This research was conducted in the Sub-District of Sungai Ambangah in the District of Sungai Raya, and the Sub-District of Pasak Piang in the District of Sungai Ambawang, in the Regency of Kubu Raya, West Kalimantan Province. The analysis of each crop cultivated in both Sungai Ambangah and Pasak Piang gave the following results respectively for both areas; (1) rice with the R/C ratio of 3,30 and 4,80; (2) rubber with B/C ratio of 1,23 and 24,35; and (3) palm with the B/C ratio of 1,52. These results, if linked to the value of Appropriate Living Needs (ALN) and the minimum land area (ML) that must be fulfilled, indicate that the farmers in Sungai Ambangah could reach only 26,92% of ALN and require a minimum land of about 3,15 hectares; whereas the farmers of Pasak Piang could meet 34,53% of ALN and need a minimum land of approximately 2,54 hectares. Further, the sustainability status for the five dimensions in the existing condition of Sungai Ambangah obtained the index value of 54,82% or the category of sustainable enough for the institutional dimension, while the other four dimensions got the value of less than 50,00%, or categorized as less sustainable. As for the village of Pasak Piang, it got the index value of 52,19% or the category of sustainable enough also for the institutional dimension, whereas the other four dimensions obtained the value of less than 50,00% or considered less sustainable. The model formulated from the results of this study is based on the available local resources in both research sites, a model of sustainable farm development on swamp lands (UTLRL). Conceptually, this is also called an integrated farming model, that is, by integrating crops and livestock. The recommended policies formulated from the results of this study include: (1) the pattern of farming and increased cropping index, (2) maintenance of livestock, (3) the provision of farm capital, (4) the availability of micro finance institutions, (5) the active role of agricultural extension agencies, (6) farmers and farmer groups, (7) support from research institutions and higher education, and (8) post-harvest management and marketing.
Keyword: West Kalimantan

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
Keyword: