Judul: Determining Minimum and Optimum Viable Population Size of Rusa Deer (Rusa timorensis) Based on Demographic Parameters : Study Case at Pananjung Pangandaran Natural Park / Nature Reserve and Alas Purwo National Park
Abstrak: One of the main goals of conservation is to maintain and increase the population size. In order to conserve wildlife population, Minimum Viable Population (MVP) and Optimum Viable Population (OVP) for high utilized wild animal are needs to know. Rusa deer which protected by the conservation law have a great economic value. The aims of this study are to determine MVP and OVP of rusa deer to make do rusa deer benefit without intrude its population stability. Algebra linear equation system from matrix Leslie was used to determine MVP and density dependence Leslie matrix was used to determine the OVP. MVP size for rusa deer population in Pananjung Pangandaran Natural Park / Nature Reserve is 97 individuals and for Alas Purwo National Park is 10.367 individuals. OVP size for rusa deer population in Pananjung Pangandaran Natural Park / Nature Reserve is 751 individuals, and for Alas Purwo National Park is 21.682 individuals.
Keyword: 

Judul: Penentuan Ukuran Populasi Minimum dan Optimum Lestari Banteng (Bos javanicus) berdasarkan Parameter Demografi di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo, Banyuwangi, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: One of the main goals of conservation is to maintain sustainability and to increase the population size of living species. In order to conserve an important wildlife population, Minimum Viable Population (MVP) and Optimum Viable Population (OVP) are the main population parameters that must be known. Banteng (Bos javanicus) are protected by the conservation law yet on the other hand has a great economic value for human. Research on MVP of banteng has not yet been performed up until now, and this was the main reason for undertaking a certain study. The aims of this study were to determine MVP and OVP of banteng as a basic point of wildlife management. To obtain the actual condition of the population (population size, sex ratio and age classes) an inventory method of Concentration Count was used, performed in Sadengan grazing field. Based on the assumption that all banteng would gather at this certain location, the counting was performed within 18 repetition and the largest counted number was then considered as the population size. The Algebra linear equation system from Leslie’s matrix was used to determine MVP, while the density dependence of Leslie’s matrix was used to determine the OVP. The population size used as base of calculation was the size of female population, and as for the male population size was predicted using the initial population’s sex ratio. The result showed that the MVP of banteng in Alas Purwo National Park was 94 with the domination of females in each of age classes, which predicted would occur in a year ahead (2013). As for the OVP was 149, also dominated by females and predicted to be occured in the next 30 years (2024).
Keyword: 

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
Keyword: