Judul: Analysis of macroeconomy-intemational trade-agriculture linkages in indonesia: an application vector error correction model
Abstrak: In general the aim of this study is to investigate both short-run and long-run relationships among macroeconomy, international trade and agriculture in Indonesia. Under such circumstances, the specific goals of this research are: (1) to analyze which economic blocks that have most affected by instability, as well as producing instability in the economy, (2) to analyze determinants of inflation in agriculture and non agriculture prices both from demand side and supply side, (3) to analyze impact of policies that inflating agriculture and non agriculture prices to growth and employment in both agriculture and non agriculture sectors, and (4) to analyze which variable and economic blocks that can produce an important shock to export and import demand of commodities in both agriculture and non agriculture sectors. Quantitative methods that are used in this study are Vector Error Correction Model, Johansen Cointegration Test, Impulse Response Analysis and Granger Causality Test. Data used in this research from several sources such as Bank Indonesia, BPS Statistic, International Financial Statistic and CEre data Company Limited., series data from first mountly of 1993 (1993:01) up to the last mountly of2002 (2002:12). The results show that commodity demand, financial assets demand and non agriculture production are the main source of instability in ' the economy of Indonesia. Inflation both in agriculture and non agriculture are not related to excess demand but generated by the movement in input price, so inflation can be concluded from supply side of the economy. In the agriculture sector, production (output) and capital are responsive to change in the output price. This mean that inflating the output price effectively help generate output and new investment in this sector. In the non agriculture sector, production (output) and employment are responsive to change in the output price. This mean that inflating the output price effectively help generate output and employment in the non agriculture sector. Nevertheless because shock in price can be sources of spillover to all blocks of economy, so policies that can inflating the price in agriCUlture and non agriculture are not recommended as first priority policy in solution of unemployment problem. To solve unemployment problem specifically for agricultural sector, government should apply cost strategy such as subsidy policy of input price.
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Judul: Impacts of macroeconomic policy on the performance of agriculture sector in Indonesia
Abstrak: Macroeconomic policy of the fudonesian government particularly related to agricuhure sector still seems unsupportive. This is reflected by high interest rate~ overvalued exchange rate of rupiah, imposition of high export tax on agriculture commodities, and low of credit and investment allocated for the agriculture sector. This research was intended to analyse the impact of macroeconomic policy on the performance of Indonesian economy and the agriculture sector. The Indonesian macroeconomic model was built as a simultaneous equations system, which incorporated macroeconomic policy variables and disaggregated into sectors and sub sectors of economy and its relation with domestic and world 11l3Ikets. The impact analysis was elaborated into three periods, i.e. the period before the economic crisis (l993.1996)~ the period of economic crisis (1997-2000), and the forecasting period (2003-2007)~ where each of tile periods consists of 19 simulation scenarios.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Membran Penukar Proton Polistirena Tersulfonasi sebagai Bahan Perangkat Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Sulfonated polystyrene can be used as proton exchange membrane (PEM). Characterization and performance of PEM has been performed on sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) using fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer, scanning electrone microscope, and degree of sulfonation (DS) parameter. The success of the process indicated by the DS of the membrane PSS 3%, 5%, and 10% were 35.09%; 42,26%; and 48.15%, respectively. The infrared spectrum shows that sulfonation has been succesful in 10% PSS membranes as indicated by the presence of sulfonate groups (-SO3) at wavenumber 1029.39 and 1178.03 cm-1. PSS membrane surface morphology is categorized non-porouse. Methanol permeability with qualitative test showed that the membrane PSS 3%, 5%, and 10% have no infiltration. The results of measurements of the conductivity (σ) obtained by PS, PSS 3%, PSS 5%, and PSS 10% were (0.0114; 1.5511; 3.0919; and 3.8949) × 10-6 S/cm, respectively. So that the membrane PSS 3%, 5%, and 10% can be used as a device in direct methanol fuel cell.
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