Judul: Study of Potential and Mangrove Ecosystem Management In South Jailolo District Of West Halmahera
Abstrak: Mangrove ecosystem in South Jailolo District has many functions for coastal area. This is a concern because the extent of mangrove ecosystems decreases from year to year due to the exploitation and conversion for various purposes without considering the ecological functions and physical function of mangrove ecosystems. This research aim to describe about potential and existing condition of mangrove ecosystem and also to give directive policy strategic for Management of mangrove ecosystem in this area. This study aims to determine the condition of mangrove ecosystems in the District of South Jailolo, assessing the potential ecological and economic impacts of mangrove ecosystems and how big a reduction in mangrove area over the past 17 years, and then set the strategy of sustainable management of mangrove ecosystems This research use primary and secondary data. Primer data gathering done by sampling, field observation, quistioner, and open interview ended and in depth interview in the research area. Secondary data gathering by unravel various literature, and related institution. Although the reduction in mangrove forest area is still in small quantities, to maintain the sustainability and ecological function it needs to management strategies. Results of analysis for management strategies found that is conservation to preserve the mangrove ecosystem area (34%), managing the mangrove ecosystem as ecotourism (32%), conservation of mangrove land as aquaculture area (21%) and make local regulations for the management of mangrove ecosystems (13%)
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Judul: Management Strategy of Sustainable Mangrove Ecosystem of Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency
Abstrak: Existence of mangroves in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency is threatened by human activities such as land conversion to fish ponds, sand mining, and logging for firewood that has become less massive in recent years. This is quite large influenced by the socio-economic conditions of the community. If still allowed, the degradation rate of the mangrove ecosystem will threaten its existence and all the biota that live in it. The mangrove area in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency still has a relatively unstable mangrove forest ecosystem and has experienced degradation due to unplanned and uncontrolled land use. This condition requires attention from related parties so that the sustainability and stability of the ecosystem can be maintained. The damage to an ecosystem can affect other ecosystems, therefore, mangrove ecosystems play an important role, especially in coastal and marine areas. Lack of information about the characteristics of mangrove ecosystems and the socio-economic characteristics of coastal communities is one of the obstacles for local governments to formulate appropriate sustainable mangrove management policies. This study aims to: (1) analyze the environmental (biophysical) condition of mangrove ecosystem in Tarumajaya District, (2) analyze the socio-economic conditions of community of Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency, (3) measure the sustainability status of mangrove ecosystem management in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency, (4) formulate the alternative strategies and priority scales for mangrove ecosystem management in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi District. Research was conducted from December 2020 - to February 2021, located in Tarumajaya District, Bekasi Regency. The method used in this research is a survey method with purposive sampling. Primary data collection was obtained through direct field observation and structured interviews with questionnaires. Secondary data collection was obtained through surveys on related agencies and literature studies. Data analysis used in this research includes quantitative and descriptive analysis. Quantitative analysis provides vegetation analysis, land cover, multidimensional scaling (MDS) using RAPFISH, the direct value of mangrove ecosystems, socio-economic and cultural conditions of the community, community perceptions using Likert scale and mangrove management strategies through SWOT and QSPM. Results showed that the tides occur on average 2 times a day, salinity ranges from 23-25 ppt, water temperature ranges from 28-29.9⁰C, water pH ranges from 7.3 to 7.5, and the substrate is sandy mud and dark brown to dark black. Composition and structure of mangrove species found in the coastal area of Tarumajaya District consist of 7 species from 3 families, namely Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora apiculata, Avicennia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Sonneratia alba, Sonneratia caseolaris with a high category of evenness index (0.74-0.99), low category species diversity index (1.00-1.81). Land cover change at the 3 observation stations increased from 60.33 ha in 2016 to 83.99 ha in 2020, Tarumajaya District has a dense category of mangrove about 82.02 Ha, moderate 45.49 Ha, and rarely 294.67 Ha. The diversity of fish are good, amphibians are bad, reptiles are moderate, mammals are rather bad, and birds are very good. Quantification of the direct benefit value of the mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Tarumajaya District shows a total benefit value of IDR 2.077.584.000/year, obtained from fish catch IDR 643.840.000; Crab
Keyword: ekosistem mangrove, status keberlanjutan, strategi pengelolaan, mangrove ecosystem, sustainability status, management strategy

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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