Judul: Javan Leopard Conflict Management Model (Panthera  pardus melas) in Mount Sawal Area, Ciamis, West Java
Abstrak: The Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) is an endemic animal in the forest on the island of Java. This animal is protected because its existence is categorized as an Endangered Species. Mount Sawal, located in Ciamis Regency, West Java, is one of the habitats of the Javan leopard. It is suspected that there is poaching of prey animals, land conversion encourages conflicts with communities around the forest, which are generally in the form of predation of livestock owned by the community. The purpose of this study is to analyze the perception of the village community around the Gunung Sawal area, analyze the probability of conflict between the Javan leopard and the community, and the recommendation for conflict management between the Javan leopard and the communities. The method used in this study is descriptive analysis using a likert scale assessment (1-5) from the data from interviews with 160 respondents in 16 villages around the Gunung Sawal area in analyzing community perceptions. For conflict probability analysis, Javan leopard conflict presence data is needed as a dependent variable obtained through literature studies, conflict information news media and field reviews, in addition to that, environmental raster data is needed as an independent variable which will later be processed in ArcGis software followed by conflict probability modeling using Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt). The preparation of recommendations for the management of Javan leopard conflicts is based on the level of conflict probability, high-probability conflicts in the form of special recommendations and all levels of probability from high to low in the form of general recommendations. The results of the community perception analysis showed that most of the people were related to the use of the yield and use of Gunung Sawal forest land because the results of interviews from a total of 160 respondents 45,0% had jobs as farmers/breeders, so they had a direct relationship with the existence of the Javan leopard. The Javan leopard conflict probability model showed the results of AUC values of 0.945 > random prediction of 0.05, as well as the results of the contribution of environmental variables, namely rice fields 37.2% and settlements 30.3%. Conflict recommendations are divided into 2 interests, namely general for the entire area in the Mount Sawal area with low to high levels of vulnerability, special recommendations are intended for high conflict vulnerability which is mostly in Cipaku District with a probability area of 367.69 ha or villages that are included in it, namely Ciakar, Bangbayang, Cipaku, Sukawening Villages, so in this case special recommendations are needed in residential areas and rice fields and descriptions related to the security of cattle cages., The Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas) is an endemic animal in the forest on the island of Java. This animal is protected because its existence is categorized as an Endangered Species. Mount Sawal, located in Ciamis Regency, West Java, is one of the habitats of the Javan leopard. It is suspected that there is poaching of prey animals, land conversion encourages conflicts with communities around the forest, which are generally in the form of predation of livestock owned
Keyword: kawasan Gunung Sawal, macan tutul jawa, manajemen konflik satwa  liar, persepsi masyarakat

Judul: Analisis Pola Penggunaan Ruang dan Parameter Demografi Macan Tutul Jawa Di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai.
Abstrak: Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas F. Cuvier, 1809) is one of the big cats on the Island of Java. Javan leopard has an important role in the ecosystem as top predators. It is also called keystone species particularly in the tropical rain forests of the Island of Java. Within the last few years leopard population in general has decreased, so that the criteria being critically endangered species in the IUCN red list, appendix I of the CITES, and protected by the laws of Republic of Indonesia No. 5 in 1990. The research conducted over the past 11 months, starting April 2012 to March 2013 within the Gunung Ciremai National Park (TNGC). The objectives of this research are: 1) together information on the use of space of Javan leopard species 2) together information on estimation of demographic parameters of the Javan leopard with the TNGC. Research was done in Management Area I of Kuningan and Management Area II of Majalengka. Equipment and materials used in this research consisting of the map of the conservation area camera traps, binoculars, GPS, digital camera, flashlight, compass etc. The method employed was direct observation in the field as well as study of literature. Based on research field known that TNGC has four space range of Javan leopard i.e. Block Sigedong, Block Sayana and Block Sukamukti, as well as Block Resort Argamukti. Demographic parameters of Javan Leopard in TNGC include minimum population size is the 3 individuals, sex ratio of male: female is 3: 0 and the structure of cub: juveniles: adult is 0: 0: 3. The average of home range of Javan leopard in TNGC is 7,22 km2. The number of prey is II and dominated by wild boar, civet and barking deer. The index of diversity of prey 1.65 and index of equity 0,69. Based on the results of the logistic regression analysis known that the dominant factor in habitat that have an effect on the occurrence of the Javan leopard is the distance from settlement (X1), slope class (X4), distance of prey (X6), the number of prey species (X7), and the distance of the water source (X8) with the equation: ( ) That means any increase of one unit of distance to the settlement will increase the chances of the presence of Javan leopard at a habitat as much as of 0.001. Every increase of one unit of slope class will increases the chance of presence of a Javan leopard at a habitat as much as 0,61. Any decrease in one unit of distance to the prey, it will increase the chance of a Javan leopard presence in the habitat as much as 0.125. Any increase in the number of units of as much as prey species then increases the chance of presence of a Javan leopard in a habitat as much as 0.002. Any decrease in one unit of distance of water sources then it will increase the chances of the presence of Javan leopard in a habitat as much as 0.549.
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Judul: Keragaan Nitrogen-Amonium dalam Magnetit Sintetik (Fe3O4)
Abstrak: One form of nitrogen that can be used directly by plant is ammonium. Magnetite can be used as ammonium carrier. Magnetite has been synthesized by hydrothermal treatment of FeCl3, urea, and citrate. The synthesis time was varied for 3, 4, 6, and 12 hours. The synthesis products were characterized by X-ray diffraction and were analyzed for its ammonium contain. The aim of this study was to obtain magnetite with high ammonium content in short synthesis time. Based on X-ray diffraction pattern, cristallinity increased as the synthesis time increased. The highest ammonium content was 0,92% in magnetite synthesized in 3 hours. Release of ammonium in water for magnetite synthesized in 3 hours showed that maximum release time was 12 hours. Increasing synthesis time would decrease solubility of the magnetite in water. The results showed that the best magnetite for ammonium carrier was magnetite synthesized in 3 hours.
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