Judul: Morpho-physiological and Anatomical Response of Tomato and Red Guava Plants from Watering using Infusion System
Abstrak: Cekaman kekeringan merupakan tantangan utama produksi tanaman di wilayah tropis. Penyiraman konvensional seringkali tidak efektif dan efisien terutama pada lingkungan dengan tanah yang mudah meresap air dan laju evaporasi yang tinggi. Salah satu upaya untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah pengairan dengan sistem infus. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respon morfofisiologi dan anatomi tanaman tomat dan jambu biji merah terhadap pemberian air dengan sistem infus. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap 2 faktor yaitu jenis tanaman (tomat dan jambu biji merah) dan pemberian air (kontrol positif, kontrol negatif, jarum infus besar, dan jarum infus kecil). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tanaman tomat, perlakuan jarum infus 18G dan 21G tidak mencapai jaringan xilem batang yang menyebabkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan (tinggi, jumlah, dan luas daun); penurunan Kadar Air Relatif (KAR) daun, kadar klorofil a, dan diameter pembuluh kayu akar. Penggunaan jarum infus yang lebih kecil pada tanaman tomat lebih baik daripada yang berukuran besar. Pada tanaman jambu biji merah, perlakuan jarum infus 21G dan 25G menyebabkan terhambatnya pertumbuhan (tinggi dan jumlah daun); penurunan KAR daun; peningkatan rasio akar-tajuk, kadar malondialdehid, dan prolin., Drought stress is a major challenge for crop production in the tropics. Conventional watering is often ineffective and inefficient, especially in environments with soils that easily absorb water and high evaporation rates. One effort to overcome this problem is by application watering using an infusion system. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the morpho-physiological and anatomical response of tomato and red guava plants from watering treatment using infusion system. This study used a completely randomized design with 2 factors, such as the type of plant (tomato and red guava) and watering application (positive control, negative control, large infusion needle, and small infusion needle). The results showed that in tomato plants, the 18G and 21G infusion needles did not reach the xylem tissue of the stem which caused growth inhibition (height, number, and leaf area); the decrease of Relative Water Content (RWC) of leaves, chlorophyll a, and root xylem vessel diameter. Using smaller infusion needles on tomato plants is better than using large ones. In red guava plants, watering treatment with 21G and 25G infusion needles caused growth inhibition (height and number of leaves); the decreased of RWC of leaves; the increase of root-canopy ratio, levels of malondialdehyde, and proline.
Keyword: Cekaman kekeringan, Pengairan sistem infus, Respon fisiologi, Respon anatomi, Drought Stress, Infusion watering, Physiological responses, Anatomical responses

Judul: Provision of Plant Nutrients with an Infusion System for the Purpose of Water and Nutrient Efficiency in Tomato and Cayenne Pepper Plants
Abstrak: Pemberian unsur hara dengan pemupukan tanah seringkali kurang efisien karena terikat oleh mineral tanah atau terbawa aliran air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektifitas pemberian unsur hara menggunakan sistem infus dengan kadar unsur hara yang berbeda berdasarkan respon pertumbuhan dan parameter fisiologis tanaman. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis tanaman yaitu tomat dan cabai rawit, faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi nutrisi (larutan Hoagland) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf yaitu: infus larutan Hoagland full strength (P1), infus half strength (P2), pemupukan pada media tanam menggunakan larutan Hoagland full strength (P3) dan half strength (P4), air murni (kontrol negatif) (P5). Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan Uji Duncan dengan nilai 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi larutan Hoagland dengan infus cukup efektif dalam menyediakan unsur hara bagi tanaman, walaupun belum tentu dapat menggantikan kebutuhan unsur hara seluruhnya. Parameter pertumbuhan seperti luas daun, berat kering, panjang akar dan diameter pembuluh kayu dipengaruhi perlakuan infus, sementara parameter lain seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan kandungan klorofil memiliki hasil yang kurang efektif. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa tanaman dengan perlakuan infus tidak mengalami kerusakan pada xilem batang, yang berarti aplikasi infus dengan jarum no: 25G dapat diterapkan untuk mengantarkan zat hara ke tanaman, walaupun mungkin diperlukan beberapa penyesuaian untuk memastikan tanaman tidak mengalami stres., Providing nutrients by fertilizing the soil is often less efficient, because it is bound by soil minerals or washed away by running water. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of nutrient supply using an infusion system with different nutrient levels based on the growth response and physiological parameters of plants. The experiment was using 2-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The first factor was the type of plant, namely tomatoes and cayenne pepper, the second factor was nutrient concentration (Hoagland's solution) which consisted of 5 levels, i.e.: full strength infusion of Hoagland solution (P1), half strength infusion (P2), as well as direct fertilization in the media using Hoagland's full strength (P3) and half strength solution (P4), pure water (as negative control) (P5). Observational data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan Test with 5% of value. The results showed that the application of Hoagland's solution by infusion was quite effective in providing nutrients for plants, although it may not be able to replace the entirely nutrients need. Meanwhile, it affected several plant growth parameters such as leaf area, dry weight, root length and xylem vessel diameter while other parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content were less effective. The results also showed that the plants that were applied the infusion treatment did not experience any damage in the stem xylem, suggesting that infuse application with needle no: 25G would be applicable to deliver substance to the plant, even though some adjustment may be required to ensure that the plants are not experiencing stress.
Keyword: fertilization, hoagland’s solution, infusion system, nutrient efficiency

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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