Judul: Pemberdayaan Persatuan Orangtua Peduli Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus dalam Meningkatkan Kesejahteraan Keluarga Anak Tunarungu (Studi Kasus di Kelurahan Sebengkok, Kecamatan Tarakan Tengah, Kota Tarakan, Provinsi Kalimantan Timur)
Abstrak: Deaf problem not only hampers the improvement of the sufferers and their interaction at social environment, but also brings about problem to family, either psychologically, economically or socially. It also can cuase poverty. The member of (PKK) tried to solve it by forming Brotherhood Children Care of special need Association (POPA) which has purpose to increase the family’s ability to fulfil the children special need. Then, the others problem arouse that most of the member of POPA included ini poor category. So, they have lack support to do its program either in financial or knowledge and skill aspects. The purpose of study is to know the capacity of POPA; to identify and to analyze its problems. Composing the plan program of making efficient use of POPA, study strategy is done throughout case study, interview is used for collecting data and so is the observation. Document study and team discussion are in focus (Focus group discussion). The result of study showed that POPA capacity gets less support in fulfilling its member necessity. These are showed from (1) Knowledge and skill of the board and member are lack in managing social organization; (2) The leader has not carried out his function; (3) co-operated among the members have not been tied together yet; (4) In organization management, substantially, program of POPA has less orientation to the long term purpose; (5) POPA has no continuity fund resources. The problem that POPA faced in developing the organization are; (1) The members undergo psychology, economic and social problems; (2) The organization has lack fund to support its operational; (3) The existence of POPA is not well known in society; (4) Education, training an infrastructure terms to support its supervising programmes got lack attention government. The strategy doing make efficient use of POPA are increasing or improving its capacity and ability to solve psychology, social and economic member problem and net working development, the purpose of POPA program is to realize POPA be autonomy organizationally. So, it can fulfil their member necessity, either in economic or social continuity aspect.
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Judul: Pemberdayaan Keluarga Miskin Dalam Program Pengembangan Kecamatan Menurut Perspektif Pekerjaan Sosial (Studi Kasus di Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras, Kabupaten Pelalawan, Provinsi Riau).
Abstrak: Program Pengembangan Kecamatan (PPK) belum berhasil memberdayakan keluarga miskin. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pemahaman pemberdayaan keluarga miskin (an empowerment poor family) dengan menganalisis PPK menurut perspektif pekerjaan sosial di Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras. Penelitian difokuskan pada proses partisipasi, transfer kekuasaan, perbaikan kualitas hidup . Tujuan penelitian adalah memahami pola hubungan masyarakat mempengaruhi kehidupan keluarga miskin di Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras, upaya pemberdayaan yang dilaksanakan pemerintah dan masyarakat Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras, proses pemberdayaan dalam PPK menurut perspektif pekerjaan sosial, dan menyusun rancangan program pemberdayaan keluarga miskin di Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data kualitatif digunakan dalam penelitian yaitu pengamatan partisipasi, wawancara mendalam dan studi. Analisis data menggunakan studi kasus dengan menentukan subyek kasus. Hasil evaluasi kegiatan, PPK belum berhasil memberdayakan keluarga miskin. PPK tidak memberikan peluang dan kekuasaan kepada keluarga miskin dalam berpartisipasi, mengambil keputusan dan pemanfaatan hasil bantuan PPK. Keluarga miskin tidak meningkat penghasilannya dengan adanya pembangunan sarana fisik. Penentuan lokasi bantuan dengan cara kompetisi tidak memberikan pendidikan dalam proses pemberdayaan. Terjadi inkonsistensi antara tujuan, aturan dan pelaksanaan mengakibatkan program ini kurang efektif. Rancangan program pemberdayaan keluarga miskin dilakukan dengan cara menyempurnakan PPK melalui diklat pengembangan PPK dan asesmen kebutuhan keluarga miskin.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Benzalkonium KIOl'ida
Abstrak: One active compound which is used in disinfectant is benzalkonium chloride. It is one of the safest biocides known and has a long history of efficacious use; hence, benzalkonium chloride becomes important in disinfectant production. Accordingly, economically benzalkonium chloride synthesis needs to be found. The principle of benzalkonium chloride synthesis is alkylation of amine compound by linear synthesis route. First of all, ammonium carboxylic salt was synthesized with yield of 87% and showed infrared absorption of N-H stretch at 3428 cm·l , strong absorption of C=O stretch at 1717 cm-I, and also aliphatic C-H stretch at 2849 cm-I and 2917 cm-I. Secondly, an amide was synthesized with yield of 84% and showed strong absorption of C=O stretch at 1704 em-I, absorption of aliphatic C-H at 2849 cm-I and 2917 em-I, and also absorption of CNat 942 em-I. In the third step, the amine was synthesized with yield of 89% and showed disappearance of C=O stretch at 1700 cm-I . In the last step, benzalkonium chloride was synthesized through 2 ways, i.e. reflux and microwave assisted organic synthesis (MAOS). Both benzalkonium chloride infrared spectra, fi'om reflux and MAOS, showed some absorptions of aryl C-H stretch at 3033 cm-I , aryl C-C bending at 1455 cm-I , 1496 cm-I and 2 peaks which were shouldershaped at around 1600 cm-I . This last step gave a mixed product which was proven by absorption at 1700 cm-I . Consequently, the yield could not be calculated.
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