Judul: In Vitro Release of Ibuprofen from Microcapsules Coated Polyblend of Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(ε-caprolactone)
Abstrak: Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug that has a short biological half-life and imposes adverse gastrointestinal reaction. Microencapsulation could be used to minimize its disadvantages. In this experiment, microencapsulation of ibuprofen was done by emulsification method. Coating material which was used were polyblend of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone) which are biodegradable and biocompatible. Polyvinylalcohol was used as an emulsifier at concentrations of 1.5%. The microencapsulation was carried out with various quantities of ibuprofen. The increase in quantities of ibuprofen would improve encapsulation efficiency. Encapsulation of ibuprofen showed an efficiency of more than 71% with the highest score of 84.13% in microcapsule with ratio of polyblend-ibuprofen 5:1.5. The dissolution test results in basic medium showed that the encapsulation efficiencies affected ibuprofen release from the microcapsule. Microcapsules with the higest encapsulation efficiency released ibuprofen ranged from 26.71 to 28.78% for 6 hours. Kinetic of ibuprofen release followed first order kinetic model. The microcapsules particle sizes ranged from 38 to 250 μm.
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Judul: Optimasi dan Evaluasi Mikrokapsul Ibuprofen Tersalut Polipaduan Poliasamlaktat−Lilin Lebah
Abstrak: Microencapsulation is a technique to encapsulate active ingredients by coating materials so called microcapsules. Microencapsulation of drugs in a polymeric matrix can control the release of drugs. In this experiment, microencapsulation of ibuprofen was done by emulsion-solvent evaporation methods. Coating materials used were polyblend of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and beeswax due to its biodegradable and biocompatible properties. Gelatin was used as an emulsifier. The microencapsulation was carried out in various polyblend compositions of PLA:beeswax (6:4, 7:3, 8:2, and 9:1) and concentrations of emulsifier (1%, 1.5%, and 2%). The encapsulation efficiency of ibuprofen was higher than 80% in microcapsule with ratio of polyblend (PLA:beeswax) 9:1. The concentration of emulsifier is not significantly affected by encapsulation efficiency. Percent release of ibuprofen is directly proportional to the encapsulation efficiency. Kinetics of ibuprofen release followed Korsmeyer- Peppas kinetic model with mechanism of drug release based on super case-II transport. The microcapsule particle size ranged from 30 to 180 μm with homogeneous dispersion of the core within the polymeric matrix.
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Judul: Karakteristik Suara Song Burung Kenari (Serinus canaria) Postur Besar dan Kecil.
Abstrak: Burung kenari (Serinus canaria) memiliki nyanyian yang sangat bervariasi dengan durasi yang panjang dan merupakan tipe burung bernyanyi open learners. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik suara song burung kenari (Serinus canaria). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2017 di Bogor, Jawa Barat. Perekaman suara song terhadap 12 ekor burung kenari jantan dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrofon Sennheiser ME66 dan alat perekam Sony PCM-D50. Burung kenari yang digunakan merupakan burung yang pernah mengikuti kontes burung kicau dan memiliki predikat juara kontes burung. Amplitudo, durasi suara, frekuensi, dan volume suara burung dianalisis dengan menggunakan software Raven Pro 1.4. Data tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis suara menunjukkan bahwa burung kenari memiliki banyak syllable, suara song rapat dan tidak terputus-putus, tempo yang cepat, dan adanya pengulangan suku kata pada setiap suara song. Burung kenari postur kecil memiliki rataan durasi lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan kenari postur besar, tetapi burung kenari besar memiliki rataan max amplitudo, average power, max power, min amplitudo, peak amplitudo, dan peak frekuensi.
Keyword: karakteristik suara (song), kenari, syllable