Judul: Proses migrasi dan dinamika kebudayaan masyarakat migran Madura : Studi kasus masyarakat migran Madura Kelurahan Baranangsiang Kecamatan Bogor Timur Kota Bogor Propinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Pembangunan yang tidak seimbang dan disparitas antar daerah menyebabkan perpindahan penduduk dan perubahan arahnya pada gilirannya dapat menimbulkan masalah baik di daerah yang ditinggalkan maupun daerah yang dituju. Daya tarik kota, kesempatan memperoleh pendidikan, wiraswasta dan penawaran jasa lainnya, sebagai bagian dari proses modernisasi, antara lain merupakan komponen yang dapat memperbesar arus perpindahan baik untuk tujuan menetap, sementara atau mungkin perpindahan sirkuler. Umumnya proses migrasi tersebut juga disertai dengan proses penyesuaian atau adaptasi baik fisik, sosial maupun budaya. Masyarakat dengan etnik tertentu yang melakukan migrasi ke suatu tempat dengan membawa budaya yang berbeda akan mengalami proses belajar kebudayaan sehingga kebudayaan masyarakat migran tersebut dapat diterima oleh masyarakat lain atau masyarakat tersebut yang menyesuaikan diri terhadap kebudayaan masyarakat migran serta berusaha mempelajari kebudayan lain. Proses belajar kebudayaan tersebut akan berpengaruh terhadap perubahan pola sikap, pola tindak dan pola sarana masyarakat migran itu sediri ataupun masyarakat setempat. Penelitian ini bertujuan (1) Mengidentifikasi alasan bermigrasi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat migran Madura yang berada di Kelurahan Baranangsiang, Kecamatan Bogor Timur, Kota Bogor, Propinsi Jawa Barat, (2) Mengkaji sejauh mana interaksi sosial yang terjalin antara masyarakat migran Madura dengan masyarakat setempat, (3) Mengkaji sejauhmana perubahan wujud kebudayaan yang terjadi pada masyarakat migran Madura. ...
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Judul: Diaspora Madura: Analisis Modal Sosial Dalam Usaha Sektor Informal Oleh Migran Madura di Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Madurese is one of the ethnic in Indonesia which has a high level of mobility. The distinctive feature of their migration is affiliation patterned chained migration. In the destination area, Madurese migrants developed the bussines in informal sector, that is scrap trading bussines. Social capitals played a role in that bussines, so it grew among Madurese migrants only. Social capital consisted of networks, trust and norms. Madurese migrants network was narrow, but the most network nodes involved in the acquisition of raw materials and capital was work partner and Madurese migrants association. The trust level of Madurese migrants was low, because of the trust well done with Madurese only, while less with local society. The vital rules that must be obeyed by Madurese migrants in the bussines in informal sector was mutual respect among traders. It needed to prevent conflicts that could reduce the solidarity among Madurese migrants. But although the Madurese migrants had a limitation in terms of financial and human capital, their bussines still could grow and develop among Madurese migrant caused of social capital they had.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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