Judul: The Changes in Standing Carbon Stock and Its Implications to Land Surface Temperature: Monitoring Oil Palm Plant Growth Using Remote Sensing
Abstrak: Seperti vegetasi lainnya tanaman kelapa sawit menyerap CO2 untuk fotosintesis yang kemudian disimpan menjadi karbon organik dalam bentuk biomassa atau cadangan karbon (carbon stock). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan cadangan karbon (Standing Carbon Stock) pertanaman kelapa sawit dan implikasinya bagi suhu permukaan dengan pertambahan umur tanaman. Data yang digunakan adalah data Landsat 7 tahun 2007, Landsat 8 tahun 2013, dan Landsat 9 tahun 2022 dengan path/row 125/61. Lokasi dalam penelitian ini adalah PT Perkebunan Nusantara VI (PTPN VI) Batang Hari, Jambi dengan tanggal akuisisi Landsat menghasilkan sebaran umur 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14, 18, 20, dan 23 tahun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh umur tanaman terhadap LAI, standing carbon stock dan suhu permukaan yang mana semakin bertambah umur tanaman, maka nilai LAI dan standing carbon stock akan semakin meningkat, dan suhu permukaan akan semakin menurun. Hasil korelasi antara suhu permukaan dengan LAI dan standing carbon stock ditunjukkan dengan koefisien korelasi berturut-turut -0,95 (R2 = 0,91) dan -0,93 (R2 = 0,87) yang mana terdapat korelasi sangat kuat antar parameter. Berdasarkan hasil diatas dapat disimpulkan bahwa semakin dewasa umur tanaman kelapa sawit, maka tutupan kanopi tanaman, biomassa, dan standing carbon stock akan semakin meningkat dengan diiringi penurunan suhu permukaan perkebunan dan memberikan pengaruh penurunan suhu untuk wilayah sekitarnya., Like other vegetations, oil palm absorb CO2 for photosynthetic processes, which are then stored as organic carbon in plant biomass or denoted as standing carbon stock. This research aims to estimate the carbon stock of oil palm plantations and its implications for surface temperature with the increasing age of oil palm plantation. The data used are Landsat 7 year 2007, Landsat 8 year 2013, and Landsat 9 year 2022 path/row 125/61. The research site was in PT Perkebunan Nusantara VI (PTPN VI) Batang Hari, Jambi, with the Landsat acquisition dates resulted in plant age variation of 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 14, 18, 20, and 23 years. The results showed the effect of plant age on LAI, carbon stocks, and surface temperature, where the increasing age of the plant resulted in increasing LAI and carbon stocks, and decreasing surface temperature. The correlation between surface temperature with LAI and carbon stock was significant, with correlation coefficients of -0.95 (R2 = 0.91) and -0.93 (R2 = 0.87). Based on these results, it can be inferred that as plants grow, becoming mature and productive, canopy cover increases, biomass, and carbon stocks increase, accompanied by a decrease in the surface temperature of the plantation and surrounding area.
Keyword: Biomass, CO2, LAI, Landsat, Plantation expansion

Judul: Estimation of Total Carbon Flux Exchanged by Oil Palm Using Remote Sensing
Abstrak: Net primary production (NPP) menjadi salah satu pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi jumlah penyerapan karbon oleh tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi total fluks karbon yang dipertukarkan pertanaman kelapa sawit di berbagai umur tanam menggunakan remote sensing. Penelitian ini berlokasi di PTPN VI Batang Hari, Jambi. Jumlah penyerapan karbon oleh pertanaman kelapa sawit di PTPN VI Batang Hari, Jambi dapat diperkirakan menggunakan model LUE berbasis remote sensing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan umur tanaman kelapa sawit memengaruhi jumlah penyerapan karbon tanaman kelapa sawit. Nilai rata-rata NPP tanaman kelapa sawit terendah terdapat pada umur satu tahun sebesar 4,28 gC/m2/hari dan tertinggi terdapat pada umur 20 tahun yaitu 9,38 gC/m2/hari. Hasil LUE model yang divalidasi menggunakan data Eddy covariance menunjukkan tingkat kesalahan yang rendah dan tingkat keakuratan yang tinggi dengan RMSE = 0,05 gC/MJ, R2 = 92%, dan p-value = 0,04. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, dapat dinyatakan bahwa hasil model LUE dengan akurasi tinggi dapat digunakan untuk mengestimasi jumlah penyerapan karbon kelapa sawit ketika pengukuran langsung tidak tersedia., Net primary production (NPP) is one of the approaches used to estimate the amount of carbon sequestration by plants. The purpose of this research is to estimate the total carbon flux exchanged from different ages of oil palm using remote sensing. The study site was at the PTPN VI Batang Hari, Jambi. The amount of carbon sequestration by oil palm plantations at PTPN VI Batang Hari, Jambi can be estimated using a remote sensing-based LUE model. The results showed that oil palm age affects the amount of carbon sequestrated. The lowest NPP value is found at the age of one year, 4,28 gC/m2/day, and the highest is found at the age of 20 years which is 9,38 gC/m2/day. The model LUE output were validated using Eddy covariance data and the results show a low error and a high accuracy rate with RMSE = 0,05 gC/MJ, R2 = 92%, and p-value = 0,04. Based on this, we conclude that the LUE model can be used with high accuracy to estimate the amount of carbon absorption of oil palm when direct measurement is not available.
Keyword: fAPAR, gross primary production, LAI, LUE, net primary production

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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