Judul: Fractionation of Active Components from Curcuma xanthorrhiza Essential Oil as Aromatherapy for Antiobesity Using In Vivo Analysis
Abstrak: The objectives of this research are to separate constituents of temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) essential oil and to evaluate their active components as aromatherapy for antiobesity using in vivo analysis. Fractionation of temulawak essential oil using silica gel column chromatography (gradient elution) produced 23 fractions. The activity of fraction 3 (F3), fraction 4 (F4), and the crude oil as aromatherapy for antiobesity were evaluated by in vivo analysis using male Sprague-Dawley rats. The in vivo test was performed in 5 groups (10 rats for each group). Group 1 was a negative control which consumed normal diet, group 2 consumed high cholesterol diet without treatment, group 3, 4, and 5 consumed high cholesterol diet with treatment inhalation of crude oil 1% (v/v), F3 1% (v/v), and F4 1% (v/v) which consist of β-elemenone as the main component, respectively. Group 5 showed an increasing body weight about 29.54% (w/w) close to that of group 1 (26.39% w/w), the lowest number of feed consumption (165.20 g), and their fecal output was 323 g. In addition, group 5 showed the highest liver weight (10.92±0.56 g) and the lowest parametrical fat weight (2.37±0.51 g). These results conclude that β-elemenone of temulawak essential oil is potential as aromatherapy for antiobesity.
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Judul: Fraksinasi senyawa aktif minyak atsiri kencur (Kaempferia galanga L) sebagai pelangsing aromaterapi secara in vivo
Abstrak: The purposes of this research were to separate constituents of kencur (Kaempferia galanga L) essential oil and to evaluate their active components as aromatherapy for antiobesity using in vivo analysis to the male Sprague-dawley rats. Volatile oil of dried rhizome of K. galanga L obtained by water distillation. Its chemical components determined using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GCMS). The main components of volatile oil isolated were α-pinene, camphene, δ-3- carene, α-phellandrene, limonene, p-cymene 4-isopropyltoluene, 7,8- epoxytricyclo dodecana, 5-methyltricyclo undec-2-en-4-one, 2-propenoic acid,3- (4-methoxyphenyl)-, ethyl ester. Pure compound (2-propenoic acid,3-(4- methoxyphenyl)-, ethyl ester) was determined the structure by GC-MS and NMR analysis. A total of forty male Sprague-dawley rats were used for this study. They were divided into five groups i.e. (1) a normal control group, without treatment of both high cholesterol diet and inhalation, (2) a negative control group was treated by high cholesterol diet only, without inhalation treatment, (3) treated with high cholesterol diet followed by treatment with inhalation of crude oils, (4) Treated with high cholesterol diet followed by inhalation one of essential oils fraction, and (5) Treated with high cholesterol diet followed inhalation of 2-propenoic acid,3- (4-methoxyphenyl)-, ethyl ester. Treatment condition was achieved by five months. Rat’s weight and stool were weighed every day during the treatment period. Blood cholesterol total (LDL, HDL and Triglyceride) level was determined in the end of treatment period. Duncan test analysis showed that percentage increase in body weight and liver weight has significant difference but fat weight wasn’t significant difference. For blood test analysis HDL, Cholesterol, and Triglyceride level has significant difference. The conclusion were kencur essential oil has ethyl-para-methoxycinnamate as pure compound, based on in vivo test analysis fraction has potentially as antiobesity and crude oils and pure compound has potentially decreased cholesterol and triglyceride using aromatherapy method.
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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