Judul: The Impact of Quality Governance on Financial Development and its Convergence in Asia Region
Abstrak: Financial development berperan penting dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mereduksi kemiskinan. Salah satu faktor yang berperan penting dalam memfasilitasi dan memperkuat financial development ialah tata kelola pemerintahan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh quality governance terhadap financial development serta konvergensinya di kawasan Asia. Melalui pendekatan panel dinamis System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM), penelitian dilakukan pada 22 negara selama tahun 2010-2021. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kualitas tata kelola berpengaruh signifikan melalui dimensi politik dan ekonomi. Inflasi dan investasi asing langsung berdampak negatif, sedangkan keterbukaan perdagangan berdampak positif terhadap financial development. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa quality governance memiliki dampak lebih besar terhadap financial development dibanding variabel makroekonomi. Akan tetapi, divergensi masih terjadi dalam financial development di Asia. Sebagai upaya untuk meningkatkan kinerja financial development, pemerintah perlu memperbaiki kualitas governance, terutama dalam stabilitas politiknya., Financial development plays an important role in increasing economic growth and reducing poverty. One factor that plays an important role in facilitating and strengthening financial development is governance. The study was conducted to analyze the influence of the quality of governance on financial developments and its convergence in the Asian region. Using System Generalized Method of Moments (Sys-GMM) dynamic panel, the study was conducted in 22 countries during 2010-2021. Based on the study, quality governance has a significant effect on through the political and economic dimensions. Inflation and foreign direct investment had a negative impact, while trade openness had a positive impact on financial development. Quality governance has a greater impact on financial developments than macroeconomic variables. However, divergence still occurs in financial development in Asia. As an effort to improve financial development performance, the government needs to improve their quality of governance, especially in terms of political stability.
Keyword: asia, financial development, konvergensi, quality governance, asia, convergence, financial development, governance

Judul: Analysis the Effect of Financial Inclusion on Economic Growth in Asia
Abstrak: Inklusi keuangan telah dijadikan sebagai salah satu 9 pilar utama dalam agenda pembangunan global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Asia pada tahun 2009-2018. Inklusi keuangan dihitung menggunakan Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI), sedangkan pengaruh inklusi keuangan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dianalisis melalui metode data panel statis Fixed Effect Model. Analisis IFI menunjukkan bahwa negara berpendapatan tinggi dikategorikan High Financial Inclusion, menengah atas dikategorikan Middle Financial Inclusion dan menengah bawah sebagai Low Financial Inclusion. Hasil panel statis menunjukkan inklusi keuangan dan layanan seluler berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi, baik seluruh Asia maupun berdasarkan tingkatan pendapatan negaranya. Keterbukaan perdagangan berpengaruh negatif pada tingkatan pendapatan menengah kebawah. FDI hanya berpengaruh negatif pada keseluruhan Asia. Pembentukan modal berpengaruh positif pada seluruh tingkatan pendapatan, kecuali pendapatan tinggi. Populasi pada negara pendapatan tinggi berpengaruh positif, sedangkan menengah atas signifikan berpengaruh negatif. Kualitas institusi memiliki pengaruh yang positif di indikator yang berbeda-beda pada tingkat pendapatannya. Negara berpendapaatan rendah perlu meningkatkan aspek penetrasi melalui sosialisasi secara insentif, penyediaan layanan jasa keuangan yang mudah dijangkau, dan pemanfaatan inovasi layanan keuangan seperti mobile banking., Financial inclusion has become one of the 9 main pillars in the global development agenda. This study aims to analyze the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth Asia in 2009-2018. Financial inclusion is calculated using the Index of Financial Inclusion (IFI), while the effect of financial inclusion on economic growth is analyzed by static panel data Fixed Effect Model. The results shows that high-income countries are categorized as High Financial Inclusion, the upper middle class as Middle Financial Inclusion and the lower middle class as Low Financial Inclusion. Meanwhile, Financial inclusion and cellular services have a positive effect on economic growth. Trade openness has a negative effect on the lower middle income. FDI has a negative effect on the whole of Asia. Capital formation has a positive effect on all income levels, except for high incomes. The population in high-income countries has a positive effect, while the upper middle class has a negative effect. Institutional quality has a positive effect on different indicators of income levels. Low-income countries need to increase the penetration aspect through incentive socialization, providing easy-to-reach financial services, and utilizing financial service innovations such as mobile banking.
Keyword: Asia, FEM, Inklusi Keuangan, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Financial Inclusion, Economic Growth

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell