Judul: Mempelajari Proses Pembuatan Kecap Udang Putih (Penaells Merglliensis) Secara Fermentasi Mikrobiologis
Abstrak: Keeap ikan adalah salah satu produk olahan dengan bahan baku ikan atau udang. Untuk meningl:atkan eita rasa pangan, banyak masyarakat menggunakan keeap ini karena kandungan gizinya yang lebih tinggi daripada keeap lain. Pada proses pengolahannya teljadi aktivitas mikroba sehingga keeap ikan dapat digolongkan sebagai produk fermentasi. Pada proses fermentasi teljadi perubahan atau pemeeahan komponen-komponen protein kompleks menjadi scnyawa yang lebih sederhana yang dibutuhkan oleh tubuh dan dapat diserap oleh tllbuh. Ferment3si seeara mikrobiologis mempunyai keunggulan yaitu mempunyai nilai gizi ymig lebih tinggi dibmlding proses yang lain walauplUl kelemahannya adalah waktu fennentasi yang lama. Penelitian ini beltujuan untuk mempelajari proses pembuatall keeap udang seeara fermentasi mikrobiologis dengan melihat pengaruh perbedaan konsentrasi garam yang digunakan terhadap mutu keeap udang.
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Judul: Mempelajari Penambahan Konsentrasi Enzim Papain dan Kadar Garam selama Hidrolisis Protein Pada Pembuatan Kecap Lambung Ikan Kakap (Lutjanus spp.)
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melihat pengaruh penambahan konsentrasi enzim papain dan kadar garam dalam menghidrolisis protein lambung ikan kakap (Lutjanus spp.). melalui parameter-parameter yang diamati selama hidrolisis sehubungan dengan waktu pengolahan yang lebih singkat. Melihat pengaruh perlakuan fermentasi terhadap hidrolisat hasil hidrolisis secara enzimatis sehingga dihasilkan kecap ikan dengan cita rasa dan aroma yang lebih disukai serta membandingkannya dengan kecap pembanding. Perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah variasi konsentrasi enzim (8%, 10%), garam (20%, 25%) serta lama hidrolisis (4, 6, 8, 10, 12 dan 14 hari). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap Faktorial dengan 2 kali ulangan. Pengamatan terhadap produk kecap selama hidrolisis secara enzimatis meliputi nilai pH, total nitrogen, Ν-α- amino, NPN, TVB, volume hidrolisat, kepekatan warna dan kadar garam. Selama fermentasi meliputi nilai pH, total nitrogen, N-a-amino, TVB, TMA, kepekatan warna dan asam amino. Uji organoleptik meliputi warna, aroma, rasa dan penerimaan dilakukan terhadap kecap hasil hidrolisis secara enzimatis dan kecap kombinasi hidrolisis enzimatis-fermentasi serta kecap komersial. ...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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