Judul: Peningkatan Mutu Dan Penerapan Cara Produksi Pangan Yang Baik Pada Industri Rumah Tangga Pangan Minuman Jahe Merah Instan Di Desa Benteng, Ciampea, Bogor
Abstrak: Red ginger have been processed into several foods and beverages, such as instant beverage, ginger candy, ginger pickle, ginger coffee, etc. One of household industry that produces instant red ginger beverages is Jahe Gunung Leutik in Ciampea, Bogor. But, the household industry is still has not applying good manufacturing practices and it is still not has standard formula. Therefore, it is need a deep study to determine the standard formula and to apply manufacturing practices in order to get P-IRT certificate from health department. The methods that used in deciding the best formula are analysis of rehydration time, analysis of color, and hedonic test. The formula that used in the test was formula with ratio sugar and red ginger 1:2 (A), 1:1 (B), and 1:3 (C). After that, product from the best formula will be analyzed with proximate analysis in order to meet the requirement of P-IRT certificate’s submission. Moreover, feasibility analysis will be undertaken in this industry. The results showed that rehydration time in all three samples still include in instant beverages because its rapid rehydration time. Color analysis and hedonic test also showed no significant differences between the samples. Therefore, the formula with the ratio of 1:3 was chosen because it is the cheapest material usage. Moreover, Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) that controlled several aspect on industry from purchasing raw materials, production processes, until product shipment has been created according to the obtained formula. The best formula obtained from this experiment is analyzed its chemical composition and the results of moisture content, ash content, fat content, protein content and carbohydrate content are 1.16%, 1.17%, 0.08%, 0.46%, and 97.13% respectively. And after following several processed of certification, the household industry got the P-IRT number as follow 61232010110099. Feasibility analysis also undertaken by this household industry and the conclusion is this industry is feasible from the financial side.
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Judul: Product Development of Low Sugar Instant Red Ginger in the Shape of Cube
Abstrak: Jahe merah instan merupakan salah satu minuman herbal yang sering dikonsumsi, namun seringkali jumlah gula tidak sebanding dengan jahe merah yang digunakan. Bentuk serbuk juga tidak efektif untuk menakar jumlah pemakaian ketika digunakan oleh konsumen. Untuk itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk cube jahe merah instan serta menentukan formulasi terbaik. Metode yang digunakan yaitu iterasi prototype melalui prototyping dan akan dihentikan saat terbentuk prototype terbaik. Prototype 1 memiliki kekurangan berupa waktu kelarutan yang tinggi. Dilanjutkan dengan prototype 2 yang memiliki kekurangan berupa rasa yang terlalu pedas dan terdapat after-taste pahit. Dilanjutkan dengan prototype 3 memiliki warna dan rasa pedas yang sama pekat dengan prototype 2 namun dengan aroma yang lebih wangi dan rasa yang lebih manis serta waktu kelarutan yang rendah, sehingga prototype 3 terpilih menjadi formula terbaik. Prototype 3 menggunakan 250 g jahe merah, 125 g gula pasir, 500 g air, serta 35 g rempah-rempah. Total gula yang terkandung dalam prototype 3 sebesar 33,82% dengan waktu kelarutan sebesar 34 detik. Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukan prototype 3 memiliki rasa manis dan rasa pedas yang paling dapat dinikmati oleh panelis, Instant red ginger is one of the herbal drinks that are often consumed, but the amount of sugar is often not comparable to the red ginger. The powder form is also not effective when used by consumers. For this reason, this study aims to develop instant red ginger cube products and determine the best formulation. The method is prototype iteration through prototyping and will be stopped when the best prototype is formed. Prototype 1 has a disadvantage in the form of a high solubility time. They were followed by prototype 2 which has the disadvantage of being too spicy and has a bitter after-taste. This was followed by prototype 3 which has the same color and spicy taste as prototype 2 but has a more fragrant aroma, sweeter taste, and low solubility time, so prototype 3 was chosen as the best formula. Prototype 3 uses 250 g of red ginger, 125 g of sugar, 500 g of water, and 35 g of spices. The total sugar contained in prototype 3 was 33.82% with a solubility time of 34 seconds. The results of the organoleptic test showed that prototype 3 had a sweet and spicy taste that the panelists could enjoy the most.
Keyword: instant drink powder, low sugar, red ginger, red ginger cube

Judul: Kruskal Coordinates in 4+1 Dimensional Schwarzschild  Spacetime Geometry
Abstrak: Koordinat Kruskal adalah hasil ekstensi maksimal dari koordinatSchwarzschild yang menimbulkan interpretasi baru tentang keberadaan wormhole. Secara teori, wormhole adalah struktur yang menghubungkan dua titik berbeda dalam ruangwaktu. Namun, ukuran wormhole terlalu kecil untuk dapat dilalui dan tidak stabil sehingga mudah runtuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan solusi koordinat Kruskal untuk geometri Scwarzschild pada dimensi yang lebih tinggi yang dapat berguna untuk menganalisis kestabilan wormhole. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui penambahan dimensi ruang dari 3+1 dimensi menjadi 4+1 dimensi untuk mendapatkan geometri Schwarzschild, koordinat Eddington-Finkelstein, dan koordinat Kruskal dengan memanfaatkan gerak radial foton. Hasil akhirnya, solusi geometri ruangwaktu Schwarzschild dalam koordinat Kruskal dapat dibentuk dan diilustrasikan dalam diagram Kruskal. Diagram tersebut menunjukan sebuah black hole, white hole, dan dua alam semesta yang dihubungkan oleh wormhole., The Kruskal coordinates are the maximal extension of the Schwarzschild coordinates which give rise to new interpretations of the existence of wormholes. In theory, a wormhole is a structure that connects two different points in spacetime. However, the size of the wormhole is too small to pass through and is unstable so that it collapses easily. This study aims to obtain Kruskal coordinate solutions for the Scwarzschild geometry in higher dimensions which can be useful for analyzing wormhole stability. This research was carried out by adding space from 3+1 dimensions to 4+1 dimensions to obtain Schwarzschild geometry, Eddington Finkelstein coordinates, and Kruskal coordinates by utilizing the radial motion of photons. The final result, the solution of the Schwarzschild spacetime geometry in Kruskal coordinates can be formed and illustrated in a Kruskal diagram. The diagram shows a black hole, a white hole, and the two universes connected by a wormhole.
Keyword: Schwarzschild geometry, Eddington-Finkelstein coordinates, Kruskal coordinates, radial motion of photons, wormhole