Judul: The immunohistochemistry study of chicken infected by H5N1 virus after being treated with extracts of herbal medicine with various solvents.
Abstrak: The research aims at knowing the distribution of H5N1 virus antigen in chicken organs by using immunohistochemistry methods and to investigate the potential of herbal medicine Andrographis paniculata Nees (Andrografolide), Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb (curcuma), Piper crocatum Ruiz (piperine) and Illicium verum Hook (anethol) in inhibiting H5N1 virus infection in broiler chickens. One hundred and five day old chick (DOC) broilers were divided into 7 groups with each group of 15 individuals. DOC maintained by fed and water ad libitum and given oral plant extracts in the form of formulations every day for 21 days, starting from 7 to 28 days old. The chickens were infected with H5N1 virus intranasally with 0,1 ml 106EID50. The treatment group I-1, I-2, I-3 of chickens were given a combination of extracts I (andrographolide, curcumin, piperine and anetol) with the solvent of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The treatment group II-1, II-2, II- 3 of chickens were given a combination of extracts II (andrographolide, piperine and anetol) with the solvent of hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol. The results showed that the antigen can be detected in all chicken organs (trachea, lung, liver, pancreas, intestine, spleen and bursa Fabricius) in each treatment and in the positive control groups. In conclusion, besides mortality data, histopathologic description and distribution of the H5N1 viral antigen of all chicken organs tested, lead to the formula of extracts with andrographolide, anethol and piperine with the ethanol solvent in group II-3 has higher antiviral activity than other groups.
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Judul: Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Hati dan Ginjal Ayam Broiler yang Ditantang Virus Avian Influenza setelah Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Adas Bintang (Illicium verum)
Abstrak: The aim of this research were to study the potency of star anise and histopathology of chicken’s liver and kidney that were challenged by Avian Influenza virus subtype H5N1 after treatment with star anise (Illicium verum). The research used broiler that were divided into four groups: included K1 (positive control) that were challenged by Avian Influenza virus, K2 (negative control) that were without any treatment, P1 that were challenged by virus H5N1 and extract treatment, and P2 were the group that treated by extract star anise. Chicken was fed by extract star anise from 7 to 28 days age and were challenged by H5N1 virus intranasal with dose 104 EID50/0,1 ml/chicken. Statistical analysis using Kruskal Wallis’s test then continued by Dunn’s test showed significantly different (p<0,05) between K1 with K2, P1, and P2 for liver and showed between K1 with K2 and P2 in kidney. According to mortality rate, star anise in single treatment showed capability to reduce mortality rate 37,5%. Histopathological finding of both organ showed lesions such as congestion, degeneration, hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, and necrosis. Treatment with star anise extract decrease lesion compare among group that were challenged by virus H5N1 and extract treatment with negative control group.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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