Judul: Serological Detection of the Presence of Trichinella spp. Antibody in Wild Boar Meat as a Feed for Wild Carnivore at Ragunan Wildlife Park
Abstrak: Cacing Trichinella spp. merupakan jenis cacing Nematoda parasit yang tersebar hampir di seluruh dunia. Parasit ini dapat menginfeksi hewan maupun manusia dan mengakibatkan penyakit zoonosis yang disebut trichinellosis. Penularan trichinellosis terjadi akibat mengonsumsi daging terutama daging babi yang mengandung larva Trichinella dalam kondisi mentah atau dimasak kurang matang (undercook). Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan antibodi larva Trichinella spp. pada daging babi pakan karnivora liar di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan-Jakarta. Sebanyak 44 sampel daging babi dari Bengkulu pada penelitian ini diambil secara acak selama empat pengambilan rentang bulan Januari-Maret 2021. Metode indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) digunakan untuk deteksi antibodi spesifik larva Trichinella dalam daging. Hasil pengujian dari 44 sampel dengan metode indirect ELISA ditemukan tujuh sampel positif (16%), 35 sampel negatif (79.5%), dan dua sampel dubius (4.5%). Sampel positif ditemukan pada keempat pengiriman dengan persentase positif 9-18% dari sampel yang diambil. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perlunya perbaikan dalam manajemen penggunaan dan penyimpanan pakan berupa daging babi hutan untuk mencegah penularan trichinellosis terhadap karnivora liar di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan., Trichinella spp. is a parasitic nematode that is spread almost all around the world. These worms can infect both animals and humans, leading to a zoonotic disease called trichinellosis. Transmission of trichinellosis occure do to eating raw or undercooked pork meat that containing Trichinella larvae. Cases of trichinellosis in animals in zoos in Indonesia still do not exist. This study explored the presence of Trichinella spp. in wild boar meat in the Ragunan Wildlife Park-Jakarta, which was used as wild carnivorous feed. A total of 44 wild boar meat samples from Bengkulu taken randomly from four meat delivery during January-March 2021. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) employed to detect spesific antibody to Trichinella larvae in the meat. Result of the ELISA from 44 samples found seven samples (16%) were positive, 35 negative samples (79,5%), and two dubius samples (4,5%). Positive samples were found in all of four deliveries with positivity rate between 9-18%. These results indicated need for improvement of feed storage management for frozen wild boar meat to prevent the transmission of Trichinella to wild carnivores in Ragunan Wildlife Park.
Keyword: Trichinella, wild carnivore, indirect ELISA, wild boar meat

Judul: Serological Detection of Trichinella Infection in Panthera spp. at Ragunan zoo
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mempelajari kemungkinan infeksi Trichinella pada Panthera spp. yang diberi pakan daging babi hutan di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan. Babi hutan menjadi salah satu satwa liar yang terlibat dalam siklus silvatik Trichinella spp.. Sampel serum yang yang dikumpulkan berasal dari empat Harimau Sumatera, dua Jaguar, dan satu Singa Afrika untuk diuji. Seekor dari empat Harimau Sumatera (25%) seropositif, sedangkan sampel lainnya menunjukan hasil dubius. Serum Jaguar dan Singa Afrika seluruhnya menunjukan hasil seronegatif terhadap antiTrichinella spp. antigen. Penelitian ini menunjukan peran dari daging babi hutan sebagai sumber infeksi Trichinella pada Harimau Benggala yang lahir dan dibesarkan di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan., This study explored possible Trichinella infection among Panthera spp fed with wild boar meat at the Ragunan zoo. Wildboar becomes one of the wildlife involved in the sylvatic cycle of Trichinella spp. Sample of sera collected from four Bengal Tigers, two Jaguars, and one African Lion collection of the Ragunan zoo tested by indirect ELISA to detect antibodies against Trichinella spp.. One out of four Bengal Tigers (25%) were seropositive, whereas another sample showed the doubtful result. The Jaguar and African lion sera were all seronegative to antiTrcihinella spp. antigen. This study suggested the potential role of wild boar meat as the source of Trcihinella infection in the Bengal Tiger born and raised at the Ragunan Zoo.
Keyword: Indirect ELISA, Seroprevalence, Panthera spp, serum, Trichinella

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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