Judul: Persaingan Pemasaran Susu Bubuk Dancow dengan Susu Bubuk Bendera di Wilayah Kotamadya Bogor
Abstrak: Tulisan ini bertujan untuk mempelajari persaingan pemasaran yang terjadi antara susu bubuk Dancow dengan susu bubuk Bendera di wilayah Kotamadya Bogor dikaitkan dengan bauran pemasaran yang dilaksanakan oleh keduanya serta strategi yang telah dan akan dilakukan oleh kedua susu bubuk tersebut dalam menghadapi persaingan yang terjadi. Persaingan yang ketat dalam industri suatu produk membuat perusahaan-perusahaan yang ada di dalamnya merubah strategi dan konsep pemasaran yang selama ini mereka laksanakan. Pada awalnya, pemasaran lebih dipandang dari konsep produknya. Kemudian bergeser menjadi pemasaran yang lebih berorientasi pasar/konsumen dimana faktor persaingan pasar merupakan salah satu diantaranya.
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Judul: Persaingan Pemasaran Produk Susu Bubuk Melalui Promosi Di Wilayah Kotamadya Surabaya
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kotamadya Surabaya dan Jakarta selama tiga bulan mulai bulan Mei sampai Juli 1993. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui praktek dan intensitas promosi susu bubuk Dancow dan susu bubuk Bendera melalui media siaran televisi, radio, suratkabar, majalah dan promosi langsung di pasar Kotamadya Surabaya. Data diperoleh dari distributor, supermarket, biro advertensi yaitu berupa data volume penjualan susu bubuk Dancow dan Bendera, biaya periklanan di media radio, suratkabar, majalah, televisi (SCTV dan TPI) dan penyewaan raklgondola di supermarket.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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