Judul: Resiliensi Nafkah Rumah Tangga Petani Bawang Merah dalam Menghadapi Variabilitas Iklim (Kasus : Rumah Tangga Petani Bawang Merah Desa Sidokare, Kecamatan Rejoso, Kabupaten Nganjuk, Provinsi Jawa Timur)
Abstrak: Variabilitas iklim memiliki dampak terhadap sektor pertanian dan dapat menyebabkan guncangan bagi rumah tangga petani. Bawang merah merupakan komoditas pertanian utama dan andalan di Desa Sidokare. Perubahan iklim menjadi stressor yang menyebabkan hama penyakit dan fluktuasi harga pada bawang merah. Berbagai sumber nafkah dimanfaatkan oleh rumah tangga petani bawang merah baik dari sektor on farm dan non farm. Tujuan penelitian untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor pendukung rumah tangga petani bawang merah untuk mencapai resiliensi nafkah. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode kuantitatif dengan pendekatan survei di mana kuesioner sebagai alat instrumen dan data kualitatif dengan metode wawancara mendalam. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan kecepatan recovery pertani dihitung berdasarkan bulan mengikuti musim bawang merah. Terdapat 5 faktor pendukung resiliensi nafkah rumah tangga petani bawang merah di Desa Sidokare untuk pulih dari variabilitas iklim. Kata kunci : resiliensi nafkah, rumah tangga petani, strategi nafkah, variabilitas iklim, Climate variability has an impact on the agricultural sector and can cause shocks to farming households. Shallots are the main and mainstay agricultural commodity in Sidokare Village. Climate change is a stressor that causes pests and diseases and price fluctuations in shallots. Various sources of livelihood are utilized by shallot farming households both from the on-farm and non-farm sectors. The purpose of the study was to analyze the supporting factors of shallot farmer households to achieve livelihood resilience. This research was conducted using a quantitative method with a survey approach in which a questionnaire as an instrument and qualitative data with an in-depth interview method. The results of this study indicate that the speed of farm recovery is calculated based on the month following the shallot season. There are 5 factors supporting the household livelihood resilience of shallot farmers in Sidokare Village to recover from climate variability. Keyword : climate variability, farmer household, livelihood resilience, livelihood strategy
Keyword: climate variability, farmer household, livelihood resilience, livelihood strategy

Judul: Strategi Penghidupan dan Resiliensi Nafkah Rumah Tangga Petani di Kawasan Banjir (Kasus: Desa Sumber Urip, Kecamatan Pebayuran, Kabupaten Bekasi Utara)
Abstrak: Rumah tangga petani di kawasan banjir mengalami kerugian dan terhambat pendapatannya yang disebabkan terendamnya lahan pertanian oleh banjir yang menyebabkan kerentanan pada sistem nafkah. Rumah tangga melakukan berbagai strategi nafkah serta memanfaatkan sumber-sumber nafkah yang tersedia agar dapat bertahan dan segera pulih dari krisis. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur nafkah, strategi nafkah dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tercapainya resiliensi nafkah rumah tangga petani di kawasan banjir, Desa Sumber Urip, Kecamatan Pebayuran. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif yang didukung dengan kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui kuesioner untuk data kuantitatif dan wawancara mendalam untuk data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa faktor yang mempengaruhi resiliensi rumah tangga petani di kawasan banjir adalah persentase pendapatan pertanian sawah terhadap total pendapatan rumah tangga, jumlah sumber pendapatan rumah tangga, jumlah organisasi/lembaga yang diikuti rumah tangga, dan jumlah kegagalan menghadapi krisis., Farmer households in flooded areas suffer losses and have reduced income as a result of agricultural land flooding, which exposes the livelihood system to vulnerability. Households use various adaptation mechanisms and take advantage of available sources of income to survive and recover quickly from the crisis. The purpose of this study is to analyze the structure of income, livelihood strategies , and factors that support the achievement of household livelihood resilience among farmers in flooded areas, Sumber Urip Village, Pebayuran District. This is a quantitative study that is supported by qualitative data. Technique of collecting data is through questionnaires for quantitative and in-depth interviews for qualitative. The results of this study indicate that the percentage of rice farming income to total household income, the number of sources of household income, the number of organizations/institutions in which households participate, and the number of failures to face the crisis are the factors that influence the resilience of farmer households in flooded areas.
Keyword: farmer household, flood, livelihood resilience

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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