Judul: Kajian Potensi Beberapa Ekstrak Tanaman Herbal sebagai Anti Asam Urat dan Aktivitas Inhibisinya terhadap Xantina Oksidase
Abstrak: Artritis gout (asam urat) adalah penyakit gangguan sendi. Pencegahan gout dapat dilakukan dengan cara memberikan obat-obatan yang bekerja langsung pada enzim yang berperan meningkatkan kadar asam urat yaitu xantina oksidase. Penghambatan xantina oksidase terjadi oleh alopurinol. Penelitian bertujuan meninjau berbagai tulisan mengenai potensi beberapa ekstrak tanaman herbal sebagai inhibisi terhadap xantina oksidase untuk mengetahui potensinya sebagai anti gout (asam urat). Metode yang digunakan adalah menelaah pustaka primer berbagai tulisan, berupa jurnal, berita, makalah, skripsi, tesis, dan disertasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan terdapat beberapa tanaman herbal yang memiliki senyawa aktif seperti flavonoid yang mampu menjadi inhibitor bagi xantina oksidase. Tanaman tersebut di antaranya, sidaguri, tempuyung, daun salam, daun alpukat, daun jarum tujuh bilah, dan keladi candik. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut memiliki potensi yang baik dalam menghambat xantina oksidase. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai aktivitas inhibisinya yang lebih tinggi dari alopurinol, Gout artritis (uric acid) is a disease of joint disorders. Prevention of gout can be done by giving drugs that work directly on enzymes that play a role in increasing uric acid levels, is xanthine oxidase. Allopurinol is inhibited by xanthine oxidase. This study aims to review various articles on the potential of several herbal plant extracts as xanthine oxidase inhibitors to determine their potential as anti-gout. The method used is a literature review for the primary literature of various kinds of writings, in the form of journa ls, news, papers, theses, and dissertations. The results showed that there were several herbal plants that had active compounds such as flavonoids which were able to become inhibitors of xanthine oxidase. These plants include sidaguri, tempuyung, bay leaves, avocado leaves, jarum tujuh bilah leaves, and keladi taro. These plants have good potential in inhibiting xanthine oxidase. This can be seen from the value of its inhibitory activity which is better than alopurinol.
Keyword: gout, alopurinol, herbal plants, inhibition.

Judul: Penapisan Senyawa Aktif Daun Sirsak, Putri Malu, Alang-alang dan Pandan Wangi sebagai Inhibitor Xantina Oksidase secara in Silico
Abstrak: Gout adalah penyakit kronis yang disebabkan oleh pengendapan kristal natrium urat. Salah satu cara mengatasi penyakit ini adalah dengan menurunkan kadar asam urat melalui penghambatan kinerja enzim xantina oksidase (XO). Allopurinol yang merupakan analog purina adalah salah satu obat penghambat XO komersial. Upaya mencari senyawa baru yang berpotensi dapat menurunkan kadar asam urat dari tumbuhan berkhasiat obat telah lama dilakukan melalui isolasi senyawa murni dan turunannya sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan obat modern. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi tanaman herbal yang berpotensi dapat menghambat kinerja XO dengan melakukan penapisan senyawa aktif yang berasal dari daun sirsak, putri malu, alang-alang, dan pandan wangi sebagai inhibitor enzim XO secara in silico dengan metode penapisan virtual dan penambatan molekuler. Parameter yang digunakan adalah energi ikatan (ΔG), konstanta inhibisi (Ki), dan ikatan yang terbentuk. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan senyawa (E,E)-pandanamina dari pandan wangi berpotensi paling tinggi sebagai inhibitor enzim XO dengan ΔG sebesar -9,28 kkal/mol, Ki 0,16 µM, dan nilai binding site similarity (%BSS) sebesar 88,89%. Selanjutnya, senyawa aktif ini dapat diisolasi dari daun pandan wangi untuk dijadikan kandidat obat pada pengobatan penyakit gout., Gout is a chronic disease caused by the deposition of sodium urate crystals. One of the treatments for this disease is to reduce uric acid levels through the inhibition of the enzyme xanthine oxidase (XO). Allopurinol which an analog of purines is one of the commercially available XO inhibitor drugs. Various studies have been carried out to find new potential compounds to reduce uric acid levels from medicinal plants, which have long been carried out through the isolation of pure compounds and their derivatives as basic ingredients for making modern medicines. This study aims to obtain the information on potential herbal plants to inhibit XO activity by screening active compounds derived from soursop leaves, mimosa, cogongrass, and pandanus as XO enzyme inhibitors in silico by virtual screening and molecular docking methods. The parameters analyzed are bond energy (ΔG), inhibition constant (Ki), and the bonds formed. The results of this study indicated that (E,E)-pandanamine from pandanus had the highest potential as XO enzyme inhibitor with ΔG of -9,28 kcal/mol, Ki of 0,16 µM, and the value of binding site similarity (% BSS) is 88,89%. Furthermore, this active compound can be isolated from pandanus leaves to be used as a drug candidate in the treatment of gout.
Keyword: gout, uric acid, virtual screening, molecular docking, xanthine oxidse

Judul: Application of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) as Feature Extraction on Phoneme Recognition with Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) as Classifier
Abstrak: Voice recognition (speech recognition) is one field of study in voice processing. This technology can convert voice signals into a form of written information (text). With this technology, people can interact with a computer. MFCC feature extraction computes the cepstral coefficients by considering the human hearing. This research is a phoneme recognition using feature extraction MFCC and PNN as feature matching model. This study compares the coefficient, overlap, and the test data without noise and with noise. MFCC is used with 13, 20, 26 coefficients and 0%, 25%, 50% overlap. Noise is added by 30 dB, 20 dB and 10 dB. From the comparison of the three overlaps, produced the best accuracy at 50% overlap with an accuracy of 94,71%. From comparing the three coefficients, better accuracy resulting in coefficients of 20 and 26 with an accuracy of 97,12% at 50% overlap. After comparing between the coefficients of 20 and 26 with overlap of 25% then the coefficient 26 is obtained that better accuracy of 94,23%. This shows that in this study the coefficient 26 is the best. In this research, there are three noise variables. The variables are 10 dB, 20 dB, and 30 dB. The best accuracy reached when the noise variable is 30 dB rather than 10 dB or 20 dB because the accuracy has the closest accuracy compared by the accuracy when noise was not added into the data. When the noise variable is 30 dB, the percentage of accuracy is 85,3%.
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