Judul: Management  model  for  sustainable  settlement areas  in  the  upper  stream  of  Ciliwung  Watershed,  Bogor  District
Abstrak: The upper stream of Ciliwung watershed lies in Bogor District, has an important function for the surrounding areas, which regulated or managed water supply, whether floods or drought in the middle and the down stream. Ecological function as providers of ecosystem services have been degraded. This is becaused the rapid expansion and to be less controlled of settlement areas development. Settlement areas have occupied among cultivated area, protected area and riparian zone of Ciliwung river. The objective of this research is to analyse and evaluate land suitability for settlement areas; to analyse sustainability status of settlement areas; to analyse condition of institution that related with settlement areas and to design model for settlement areas management in upper stream of Ciliwung watershed. The research method used Geografic Information System (GIS) technique for analysing land suitability for settlement areas, evaluating land suitability for settlement areas with Bogor District Spatial Planning (RTRW) at 2000-2010 and 2005-2025, and also with land cover in 2006. Multi Dimentional Scaling (MDS) technique is used to analyse sustainability status of settlement areas. While Interpretative Structural Modeling (ISM) is used to analyse condition of institution that related with settlement areas. Model for managing settlement areas are designed with dynamic system approach for 20 years simulation. The research result showed that land suitability for settlement areas just only 19,89% of upper streams of Ciliwung watershed areas. Bogor District Spatial Planning (RTRW) was not fully implemented, 51,14% existing settlement areas were unfit with the location of RTRW. Sustainability status of settlement showed that settlement areas in Upper stream of Ciliwung watershed are less sustainable. Index of sustainability status of settlement areas are 41,16. Institutional analyses showed that coordination, consistency and community participation were key elements that rising up the settlement areas management in the upper stream of Ciliwung watershed. The dynamic model offered 5 scenarios to manage settlement areas at upper stream of Ciliwung watershed, theirs were: Without intervention (TI); population control (PP), public empowerment(PM), strengthening institutional of government (PK) and collaboration between government and community (KPM). The most effective scenario to manage sustainable settlement areas in the upper stream of Ciliwung watershed is KPM. Scenario KPM was implemented into 6 policies.
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Judul: A policy model for sustainable water resources management of Citarum River Basin
Abstrak: The study is intended to analyze (i) the status of sustainability, (ii) prioritization on river basin organization and (iii) appropriate models for sustainable development. The methods of the study are combination of soft and hard system methodology approach (SSM and HSM). The SSM analysis was based on questionaires of expert choice. For the goal (i), the analysis was using descriptive analysis of secondary data on water quality, catchment area degradation and land subsidence as well as Multi Dimensional Scaling (MDS) Model. For goal (ii) and (iii), the analyze were using Analytical Herarchy Process (AHP) and System Dynamic Model respectively. The results of the analyze indicate that the basin is not sustainable. The worst element is enviromental condition. The result of AHP shows that the most prioritized institution to take the role of river basin organization is Perum Jasa Tirta model. The various scenarios of coverage responsibility of PJT II was analyzed with an indicator on cost recovery. The most appropriate shape of PJT II seems to be scenario wherein PJT II is responsible for only reservoir and conveyance infrastructure management. Finally, the recommendations of the study were focussed on three models on institutions, management and financing to ensure the sustainability of the river basin development in the future. Strong recommendation is to establish Coordination Body on Water Resources Management (TK-PSDA) at river basin level, as a central institution, having a vital role on coordination and integration management.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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