Judul: Gene Expression and Blood Profiles of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Resistant to Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Salah satu kendala yang sering terjadi dalam budidaya ikan nila adalah penyakit bakterial yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak infeksi bakteri patogen adalah dengan melakukan evaluasi respons imun secara molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respons imun ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) terhadap infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila berdasarkan ekspresi gen mhc1, lisozim (lysc), dan interleukin (il1b) serta gambaran darah di jaringan hati ikan pascainfeksi. Perlakuan infeksi diberikan melalui penyuntikan ikan nila dengan 0,1 mL bakteri A. hydrophila dosis LD50 secara intramuskular, dan pada ikan kontrol dilakukan penyuntikan dengan 0,1 mL PBS. Selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi jaringan, analisis darah, ekstraksi RNA dan sintesis cDNA, serta analisis ekspresi gen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada ikan yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 21,42%, sedangkan pada ikan kontrol tidak ditemukan kematian. Ekspresi gen mhc1,lysc dan il1b ikan nila resistan cenderung lebih tinggi daripada ikan nila yang rentan pascainfeksi A. hydrophila. Gambaran darah yang meliputi hematokrit, jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan kadar hemoglobin pada ikan nila tahan infeksi (resistan) A. hydrophila menunjukkan kecenderungan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ikan nila yang tidak tahan infeksi (rentan)., One of the obstacles that often occurs in tilapia cultivation is bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. Efforts that can be made to reduce the impact of pathogenic bacterial infections include conducting a molecular evaluation of the immune response. This study aims to evaluate the immune response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to A. hydrophila infection based the expression of mhc1, lysozyme (lysc), and interleukin (il1b) genes and on blood profiles in the liver tissue after infection. Infection treatment was given by injecting tilapia fish with 0.1 mL of the LD50 dose of A. hydrophila bacteria intramuscularly, and control fish were injected with 0.1 mL of PBS. Then, tissue isolation, blood analysis, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and gene expression analysis were carried out. The results of the study showed that fish infected with A. hydrophila had a survival rate of 21.42%, while no deaths were found in control fish. The expression of the mhc1, lysc, and il1b genes in resistant tilapia tended to be higher than in susceptible fish after A. hydrophila infection. Blood profiles including hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin levels in resistant tilapia to A. hydrophila infection tends to have higher level compared to susceptible fish.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Oreochromis niloticus, il1b, lysc

Judul: Preventation of Bacterial Diseases Aeromonas hydrophila on Tilapia with Shallot Skin, Commercial Vaccines, and their Combinations
Abstrak: Budidaya intensif berpotensi menimbulkan penyakit pada ikan nila. Upaya pencegahan agar benih ikan nila sehat dan tidak terinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila yaitu dengan penggunaan fitofarmaka dan vaksin. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas tepung kulit bawang merah dan vaksin komersil untuk pencegahan penyakit akibat bakteri A. hydrophila. Ikan nila yang digunakan memiliki panjang ikan rata-rata 8,17±0,34 cm dengan bobot rata-rata 8,34±1,00 g yang dipelihara selama 14 hari dengan perlakuan pemberian pakan, kemudian diuji tantang selama 14 hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu kontrol positif (K+), kontrol negatif (K-), tepung kulit bawang merah (KBM), vaksin komersil (VAK), dan gabungan dari tepung kulit bawang merah dan vaksin (KBM+V). Perlakuan KBM, VAK, dan KBM+V memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif pada parameter kelangsungan hidup, total eritrosit, total leukosit, kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, aktivitas fagositik, respiratory burst, aktivitas lisozim, titer antibodi, dan gejala klinis Perlakuan dengan gabungan tepung kulit bawang merah dan vaksin komersial dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup ikan nila dengan selisih tingkat kelangsungan hidup 34% lebih tinggi dari kontrol positif., Intensive cultivation has the potential to cause disease in tilapia. Preventation efforts so that tilapia fish seeds are healthy and not infected with bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila namely by using phytopharmaca and vaccines. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of onion skin flour and commercial vaccines for preventing bacterial disease A. hydrophila. The tilapia fish used had an average fish length of 8,17 ± 0,34 cm with an average weight of 8,34 ± 1,00 g which were maintened for 14 days with feeding treatment, then challenged for 14 days. The treatments given were positive control (K+), negative control (K-), shallot skin flour (KBM), commercial vaccine (VAK), and combination of shallot skin flour and vaccine (KBM+V). The KBM, VAK, and KBM+V treatments gave better results compered to the positive control in terms of survival rates, total erythrocytes, total leukocytes, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit levels, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, lysozim activity, antibody titer, and clinical symptoms. Treatment with a combination of shallot skin flour and commercial vaccine can increase survival in tilapia with a survival rate of 34% higher than the positive control.
Keyword: fitofarmaka, ikan nila, respon imun, tepung kulit bawang merah, vaksin

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
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