Judul: Perancangan Mekanisme Sistem Penghisap pada Mesin Pemanen Udang dan Ikan
Abstrak: Fishery commodities have an important role in Indonesian economic. Commodity quality depends on several factors, for example harvesting process. So far, mechanism of fishery commodities harvesting is still it traditional way. Although recently there have been some mechanical shrimp harvesters, still is not widely used, not only because of the price but also the mechanical defect that becomes problem. The objective of this study is to design a vacuum system mechanism on the machine harvesters of shrimp and fish that can minimize the defect rate of harvested commodities. This vacuum system uses a reverse venturi mechanism, from a small hydraulic to a big hydraulic. The discharge during the process was relatively stable, ranging from 0.576 l/s - 0583 l/s. The most optimum combination for the positioning of inlet pipe and outlet pipe was a combination of top inlet and top outlet pipeline. It is not only affected by factors from the fluids flow itself but also by the commodity behavior. When the harvesting time occur the commodity congregate under the filter contained in the fish trap. From the performance test, the pecentage of rcommodities that were still alive was high which was 98.9%.
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Judul: Perancangan Mekanisme Hisap Vakum pada Mesin Pemanen Udang / Ikan Semi Kontinyu Tipe Vertikal
Abstrak: Products resulting from the fisheries sector is a good source of animal protein to meet the Indonesian people’s needs of nutritional and health. Some products that have a high protein value are shrimp and fish. The need for ease of getting farmed shrimp and fish in a pond increased, also include the harvesting results. Problems faced in fisheries harvesting is too much needed for resources and still lack of harvesting knowledge and skills. One way to minimize these problems is the use of mechanical harvester in harvesting pond. Another problems is that yields are still experiencing disability and high mortality rate. Design approach that taken are functional and structural design approach. From the results of the design will be carried out modeling and functional testing. Functional design is the design that has aspects related to the function and usefulness of each constituent element model of the commodities to be processed. Making models were created to test the success of harvesting systems that work in semi-continuous by vacuum suction mechanism. Because the model harvester shrimp / fish designed aiming to produce a work harvesting semi-continuous by vacuum suction mechanism. Measurements made in the form of rate water, time and speed of shrimp / fish down from the suction tank to the harvesting tank, the ratio number of the shrimp / fish in harvesting tank with shrimp / fish that are still left in the suction tank and pass rates of shrimp / fish alive. From the results obtained it can be seen the amount of shrimp that fell from suction tank to harvesting tank will vary for each time harvesting. The number of commodities that fall will be less and it could be more, depending on the time of harvesting. And the length of harvesting will make this harvester run semi-continuous.
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Judul: Studi pengamatan kromosom anyelir(Dianthus caryophyllus Linn.) klon 10.8 yang diberi radiasi sinar gamma
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman kromosom akibat radiasi sinar gamma pada klon anyelir nomor 10.8. Penelitian dilakukan di empat tempat, yaitu: (1) Laboratorium Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Teknologi Isotop dan Radiasi, Badan Tenaga Nuklir Nasional (BATAN) di Pasar Jumat, Jakarta, (2) Instalasi Penelitian Tanaman Hias (INLITHI), Cipanas, di (3) Laboratorium Terpadu Pusat Antar Universitas-IPB di Darmaga, Bogor dan di (4) Herbarium Bogoriense, Laboratorium Sitologi, Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan dari Bulan Oktober 2004 sampai Maret 2005. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada anyelir klon 10.8 yang diberi radiasi 10 gray jumlah kromosom 2n=30 tidak terdapat perbedaan pada jumlah kromosomnya. Sedangkan pada anyelir klon 10.8 yang diberi radiasi 20 gray menunjukkan perubahan jumlah kromosom. Pada anyelir klon 10.8-20 gray (2), yaitu jumlah kromosomnya menjadi 2 n-1 -1 -1 -1 = 26, sedangkan pada anyelir klon 10.8-20 gray (1) jumlah kromosomnya tetap 2n = 30. Pada anyelir klon 10.8-30 gray (1) memiliki jumlah kromosom 2 n -1-1 = 28 dan anyelir klon 10.8-30 gray (2) jumlah kromosomnya 2n + 4 = 34. Kromosom anyelir klon 10.8-40 gray (1) terdapat penambahan kromosom sehingga berjumlah 2 n+6=36 dan pada anyelir klon 10.8-40 gray (2) jumlah kromosomnya adalah 2n+2=32. Pada kromosom anyelir klon 10.8-50 gray (1) perubahan yang terjadi adalah pengurangan jumlah kromosom sehingga menjadi 2n-1-128 dan pada anyelir klon 10.8-50 gray (2) terjadi penambahan jumlah kromosom menjadi 2n + 4 = 34. Pada anyelir klon 10.8 yang diberi radiasi 60 gray tidak terdapat adanya penambahan atau pengurangan jumlah kromosom sehingga jumlahnya tetap 2n=30. Kisaran panjang kromosom anyelir klon 10.8-0 gray kontrol adalah 0.50- 0.19 µm. Kromosom anyelir klon 10.8 mutan memiliki panjang kromosom yang bervariasi, seperti pada anyelir klon 10.8-10 gray (1) memiliki panjang kromosom antara 0.83-0.38 µm, anyelir klon 10.8-10 gray (2) memiliki kisaran panjang kromosom antara 0.82-0.23 µm, sedangkan anyelir klon 10.8-10 gray (3) memiliki panjang yang berkisar antara 0.72-0.34 µm. Pada anyelir klon 10.8-20 gray (1) panjang total kromosomnya adalah antara 1.01-0.30 µm, dan untuk anyelir klon 10.8-20 gray (2) panjang total kromosomnya berkisar antara 0.88-0.41 µm. Anyelir klon 10.8-30 gray (1) memiliki panjang kromosom yang berkisar antara 0.67-0.31 µm dan anyelir klon 10.8-30 gray (2) memiliki kisaran panjang kromosom antara 0.80-0.20 µm. Untuk anyelir klon 10.8-40 gray (1) kisaran panjang kromosomnya adalah 0.85-0.26 µm, sementara anyelir klon 10.8-40 gray (2) memiliki panjang kromosom antara 0.89-0.27 µm. Panjang kromosom anyelir klon 10.8-50 gray (1) panjang total kromosomnya berkisar antara 0.87-0.22 µm, dan untuk anyelir klon 10.8-50 gray (2) panjang total kromosomnya adalah 0.69- 0.18 µm. Kisaran panjang kromosom anyelir klon 10.8-60 gray (1) adalah antara 0.63-0.21 µm, dan untuk anyelir klon 10.8-60 gray (2) panjang total kromosomnya adalah 0.64-0.19 µm...dst
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