Judul: Analisis Jenis, Jumlah, dan Mutu Gizi Konsumsi Sarapan Anak Indonesia
Abstrak: The objective of this study was to analyze type, amount, and nutritional quality of breakfast among Indonesian children aged 3-12 years old. The data used for this study was the secondary data of Basic Health Survey 2010 (Riskesdas 2010) conducted by the Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Health Indonesia. Data was collected June until August 2010 by applying a cross sectional study design. This study covered 33 provinces of Indonesia, with 40 437 final total subjects; children consist of 20 659 boys and 19 778 girls. The results of this study showed that the ten major type of foods consumed during breakfast were rice, swamp cabbage, egg, fish, tempe, instant noodles, tofu, bread, chicken and biscuits; and the five major type of beverages consumed during breakfast were drinking water, tea, milk, coffee, and syrup. The food consumed on average of more than 5 g a day during breakfast were rice, swamp cabbage, egg, fish, tempe, instant noodles; and the beverages consumed on average of more than 15 mL a day were water, tea, and milk. Only 30.3% of children breakfast adequately fullfilled energy intake. The results showed that there was a positive significant correlation between parental education and family economic status with contribution of breakfast energy and nutritional quality of breakfast (p<0.01).
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Judul: Analysis of Breakfast Habits and Breakfast Nutrients Contribution of Elementary School Students in Cijeruk, Bogor District
Abstrak: Sarapan merupakan waktu makan yang penting bagi siswa. Saat ini masih banyak masalah sarapan pada anak usia sekolah yaitu kebiasaan sarapan yang kurang baik serta kualitas yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kebiasaan dan kontribusi gizi sarapan pada siswa sekolah dasar di Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study menggunakan data sekunder penelitian Hardinsyah et al. (2019) di 16 sekolah dasar dengan subjek penelitian sebanyak 915 siswa. Data yang dikumpulkan meliputi karakteristik subjek serta konsumsi makanan dan minuman, termasuk sarapan melalui metode food recall 3x24 jam. Asupan energi dan 11 zat gizi diolah menggunakan daftar kandungan gizi pangan dan kebutuhan zat gizi dihitung untuk setiap siswa. Kebiasaan sarapan meliputi frekuensi sarapan selama seminggu terakhir, jenis makanan minuman dan tipe sarapan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar subjek rutin sarapan selama seminggu terakhir dengan jenis sarapan berupa pangan protein dan minuman manis. Pada umumnya tipe sarapan adalah pangan karbohidrat, pangan protein dan minuman. Kontribusi sarapan berkisar dari 5,6±4,8% (vitamin B9) sampai 27,9±17,3% (zat besi). Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pada kontribusi protein dan air antara subjek laki-laki dan perempuan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan kontribusi gizi makro dan mikro berdasarkan kondisi sosek keluarga subjek., Breakfast is an important meal time for school children. Neverthless, there are still many problems of breakfast in children including low quality and poor breakfast habit. The objective of this study was to analyze breakfast habits and its contribution in elementary school children in Cijeruk, Bogor. The design of this study was a cross sectional study using secondary data from Hardinsyah et al. (2019) at 16 elementary schools with 915 subjects. Data was collected such as subject characteristic, food and beverage consumption included breakfast by food recall 3x24 hours. Energy and 11 nutrients intake were processed using food nutrients composition and nutriens requirements were calculated for each students. Breakfast habits such as breakfast frequency, type of food and beverage, and type of breakfast. The results showed that most of the subjects was always had breakfast frequently for the past week with type of food that consumed during breakfast was protein food and sweet drink. In general, type of breakfast consumption was carbohydrate, protein food, and beverage. Breakfast contribution about 5,6±4,8% (vitamin B9) until 27,9±17,3% (iron). There was significant differences (p<0.05) between the contribution of protein and water from breakfast in male and female students. There was no significant differences (p>0.05) for the contribution of macro and micronutrients between socioeconomic subject.
Keyword: breakfast, nutrients contribution, school students

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm