Judul: Optimisasi Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Buah Pepaya (Carica papaya L) Menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM)
Abstrak: Response surface methodology was used to determine the optimum processing conditions that yield maximum water loss with minimum solid gain and shrinkage during osmotic dehydration papaya slices with uniform shape and size (6 x 2 x 1 cm). Temperature (32.7° – 67.3°C), processing time (32.4 – 447.6 minute), sucrose (37.7° – 72.3° brix) concentrations were the factors investigated with respect to water loss, solid gain, and shrinkage. Experiments were designed according to Central Composite Rotatable Design. Temperature, processing time, and sucrose concentration were found to be significant for water loss and shrinkage. Temperature was significant affecting solid gain. For each response, second order polynomial models were developed using multiple linear regression analysis. Analysis of variance was performed to check the adequacy and accuracy of the fitted models. Applying desirability function method, optimum operating conditions were found to be temperature of 47.57 °C, treatment time of 191.83 minute, and sucrose concentration of 72.30 ° brix. At this optimum point, water loss, solid gain and shrinkage were found to be 58.01%, 2.77%, and 57.26%
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Judul: Pengeringan Osmotik pada Irisan Buah Mangga Arumanis (Mangifera indica L.) dengan Pelapisan Kitosan
Abstrak: Osmotic dehydration with sugar solution as the osmo-active substance was commonly applied to fruits, for example the mango. The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of Chitosan-coating, temperature and concentration of solution on Water Loss (WL) and Solid Gain (SG) during osmotic dehydration of mango. The treatment of solution temperatures of 30 oC and 50 oC and solution concentrations of 42 oBrix, 54 oBrix and 66 oBrix were applied to this research. The variable of the mass of the sample, moisture content, solid content, and the volume of the sample were measured during this research. Measurement was done at minute 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, 240, and 300. The sample non-coating, high temperature and high concentration of the solution increases WL, while the use of chitosan, low temperature and high concentration of the solution decreases SG. The largest values of PR was 12.2 at E1T1C3 treatment (using the chitosan, solution temperature 30 oC, and concentration of the solution 66 oBrix) with the WL values was 49.65 % and the SG values was 4.05 %. Azuara’s model was suitable for modeling the WL and SG on the osmotic dehydration of mango slices.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan