Judul: Analisis Efisiensi Energi Termal Dan Produktivitas Jamur Tiram Terhadap Variasi Alat Sterilisasi
Abstrak: Telah berhasil dilakukan sterilisasi jamur tiram dengan perlakuan menggunakan selongsong dan tanpa selongsong. Bahan bakar yang digunakan untuk proses tersebut adalah limbah baglog. Sterilisasi bertujuan membunuh bakteri dan jamur lain yang tidak diinginkan pada baglog. Hasil penelitian terbaik didapat pada sterilisasi menggunakan selongsong. Hal ini ditunjukkan dari bobot jamur/produktivitas jamur tiram yang lebih tinggi dibanding tanpa selongsong. Efisiensi termal tertinggi menggunakan selongsong sebesar 4.74% sementara tanpa selongsong sebesar 4.36%. Pada variasi waktu inkubasi, kerapatan miselium yang paling baik ketika hari ke-40.
Keyword: baglog, efisiensi, selongsong, sterilisasi

Judul: Efisiensi Energi Pada Proses Sterilisasi Baglog Jamur Tiram Serta Karakterisasi Dari Miselium Dan Jamur Tiram Menggunakan Ftir
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui apakah bahan bakar sekam dapat diaplikasikan untuk proses sterilisasi baglog jamur tiram. Selain itu dilakukan pula karakterisasi menggunakan FTIR untuk memperoleh informasi struktur senyawa dari miselium dan jamur tiram. Kompor dengan desain drum menggunakan selongsong memiliki efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 7.49%. Sedangkan drum sterilisasi tanpa menggunakan selongsong memiliki efisiensi rata-rata sebesar 6.33%. Tingginya efisiensi dikarenakan drum menggunakan selongsong menghantarkan kalor lebih banyak untuk memanaskan air dan selongsong. Selongsong terbuat dari besi yang merupakan bahan konduktor atau mudah menghantarkan panas. Puncakpuncak spektrum FTIR pada miselium dan jamur tiram yaitu gugus O-H dengan bilangan gelombang 2345-3425 cm-1 menunjukkan senyawa asam karboksilat, C-H pada bilangan gelombang 2901-2916 cm-1 menunjukkan senyawa aldehida, C-O pada bilangan gelombang 1034-1065 cm-1 menunjukkan senyawa ester, C=O pada bilangan gelombang 1589-1651 cm-1 menunjukkan senyawa keton yang merupakan vibrasi stretching. Sedangkan, gugus O-H bending (O-H (B)) pada bilangan 895 cm-1 dan 1420 cm-1 menunjukkan posisi senyawa asam karboksilat yang memiliki ikatan β-D-glukan.
Keyword: efisiensi, FTIR, jamur tiram, sekam padi, selongsong

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua