Judul: Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle Linn.) dalam Proses Persembuhan Luka Infeksi Staphylococcus aureus pada Tikus
Abstrak: This research was aimed to prove the wound healing activity of Piper betle leaves ethanol extract against Staphylococcus aureus infection in rat skin. Various parameters such as pathology anatomy, netrofil presence, and microscopic observation were studied to evaluate the wound healing activity of Piper betle. Nine rats Sprague Dawley strain were used through our the study and each rat was given four treatments. Treatments were control, commercial ointments, akuadest, and Piper betle leaves ethanol extract. The experiment were given for fourteen days. Each of rats was aseptically wounded with four wounds in 1x1 cm2 square shape at the back of rats. Every wound was spilled by Staphylococcus aureus at 1st, 4th, 7th, and 11th day. All data were analyzed with descriptive semiquantitative method. Scoring results show that the first week of wounds treated with piper betle leaves ethanol extract had shown proliferative phase, while the second week treated with betle leaves extract had shown maturation phase. Wound treated with Piper betle leaves extract were healed better than others in the first week. Bassed on the results, Piper betle leaves extract can be used to heal bacterial wound in the skin
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Judul: Aktivitas Ekstrak Etanol Daun Sirih Hijau (Piper betle Linn.) dalam Mempercepat Proses Persembuhan Luka pada Tikus
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to examine the activity of betel ethanol extract for abration skin wound healing process in Sparague-Dawley rats based on gross and microscopic observation (including histopatological and touch specimen). Under aseptic conditions four paravertebral full thickness skin incision performed on the back of 9 male rats. Every wounds were treated with different treatments. The treatments were control, placebo, commercial ointment, and extract betel. Histopatological section from tissue specimens were stained by hematoxylin and eosin and evaluated on first seven days and second seven days after surgery. Touch specimens were stained by Giemsa and evaluated on fourth and tenth day after surgery. The parameters of histopatological are reepitelization, fibroblas, congestion, bleeding, scrab formation, infiltration of inflammatory cell, hair follicle formation, and edema. Afterward, the specimens were grouped in phase of wound healing. Specimens touch parameter was the presence of inflammatory cells. The data were presented descriptively as quantitative data. Macroscopic appearances show that diameter extensive of betel ethanol extract wounds were decrease faster than other treatments. Scoring results of wounds who treated with betel ethanol extract in first seven days and second seven days show that wounds have entered maturation phase compared to other treatment. The specimens touch show that wounds who treated with betel ethanol extract were presenting inflammatory cells in first seven days. The results of this study show that wounds who treated with betel ethanol extract were recover faster than other treatment.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite