Judul: Modifikasi Konverter Biogas untuk Motor Bensin
Abstrak: Biogas contains methane at about 60-65% which is potential to be used as fuel. Biogas is also possible to replace gasoline as fuel on internal combustion engine. A new design of biogas converter is needed to optimize biogas deployment as fuel on motor gasoline fuel. . The objectives of this research are modifying and testing biogas converter. This biogas converter consists of some main components, including venturi, venturi housing, choke, throttle, chamber tube and flange. The design of biogas converter could be worked with existing governor mechanism of the engine. Design of biogas converter are the gas cylinder 1 (Ø 50 × 80 mm), gas cylinder 2 (Ø 40 × 130 mm) and without gas cylinder. The experiment has been tested by measuring engine maximum motor rotation and pump discharge water. According to the experimental result the biogas converter with first gas cylinders show better perfome than the gas cylinder 2 or without gas cylinder, so it can optimize biogas deployment as alternative energy to drive the motor gasoline fuel. The pump discharge water 6.62 litres/min at 2390 rpm and maximum motor rotation use of biogas converter is 3390 rpm.
Keyword: Biogas converter, Internal combustion engine, Alternative energy, Biogas

Judul: Penerapan Bahan Bakar Biogas pada Motor Bensin dengan Modifikasi Karburator dan Variasi Rasio Kompresi
Abstrak: Biogas is one of the gaseous bio-energy can be applied into gasoline motors with some modification of components. The objectives of this research are applying the biogas fuel in gasoline engine with carburetor modification, measuring and getting value of maximum power and maximum torque and minimum value of the specific fuel consumption of each variation of compression ratio. The results of research were the biogas fuel on gasoline motors could be implemented directly, carburetor modifications changed the ratio of air and fuel ratio of 14.7: 1 (gasoline) to 5.7:1 (biogas) as of gasoline engine could be operated with engine speed over 1500 rpm up to 4500 rpm in a stable condition. The maximal power values for each compression ratio were 0.827 kW at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 0.953 kW (CR 8.3), 0.838 kW (CR 9.0) and 0.764 kW (CR 10.0). Maximum torque values were 3.071 N.m at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 4.274 N.m (CR 8.3), 3.598 N.m (CR 9.0), and 4.074 N.m (CR 10.0). The results of lowest value of specific fuel consumption were 4.29 m3/kWh at compression ratio (CR 7.6), 2:13 m3/kWh (CR 8.3), 1.84 m3/kWh (CR 9.0), and 2.92 m3/kWh (CR 10.0). The optimal of compression ratio was 8.3.
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan