Judul: Kajian Pustaka Pemanfaatan Limbah Baglog sebagai Adsorben Logam Berat
Abstrak: Limbah industri mengandung berbagai senyawa kimia berbahaya seperti logam berat yang dapat mencemari lingkungan sehingga perlu disisihkan. Adsorpsi merupakan salah satu metode yang banyak digunakan karena lebih efisien dan ekonomis. Limbah baglog merupakan sisa budi daya jamur yang telah dilaporkan memiliki sifat sebagai adsorben. Kajian pustaka ini bertujuan menentukan pemanfaatan limbah baglog sebagai adsorben logam berat dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Dalam kajian pustaka ini, metode adsorpsi menggunakan adsorben limbah baglog tanpa aktivasi kimia, dengan aktivasi kimia, dan pengarangan (biochar). Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa adsorben limbah baglog tanpa aktivasi kimia mampu menjerap Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, dan Cd dengan rentang kapasitas adsorpsi 0,0724–0,769 mmol/g. Adsorben limbah baglog dengan aktivasi kimia mampu menjerap Cr, Cd, dan Pb dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,167–0,971 mmol/g dan adsorben limbah baglog dengan bentuk pengarangan menjerap Cd, Pb, Cu, dan Zn dengan kapasitas adsorpsi 0,417–1,92 mmol/g., Industrial waste contains various hazardous chemical compounds such as heavy metals that can cause environmental pollution that must be removed. Adsorption is one of the methods widely used because it is more efficient and economical. Spent mushroom substrates are the residue of mushroom cultivation (baglog) that have to been reported as adsorbents. This literature review aims to determine the utilization of the baglog substrates as heavy metal adsorbents with different treatments. In this literature review, the adsorption method used the baglog adsorbents without chemical activation, with chemical activation, and biochar. The results showed that the baglog substrates adsorbent without chemical activation could adsorb Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cd with an adsorption capacity range of 0.0724–0.769 mmol/g. The baglog adsorbent with chemical activation could adsorb Cr, Cd, and Pb with adsorption capacity of 0.167–0.971 mmol/g, and that of adsorbent in the form of biochar could adsorb Cd, Pb, Cu, and Zn with adsorption capacity of 0.417–1.92 mmol/g.
Keyword: adsorben, adsorpsi, limbah baglog, logam berat

Judul: Arang Aktif Berbahan Dasar Limbah Biomassa Kehutanan sebagai Penjerap Logam Cr, Pb, Cd, dan Pb dalam Limbah Cair Industri
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara yang hampir setengah bagian dari wilayahnya merupakan hutan. Banyaknya wilayah hutan menghasilkan limbah biomassa oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan pengolahan limbah biomassa sebagai arang aktif untuk menjerap logam berat limbah cair industri. Bahan yang digunakan adalah serbuk gergaji kayu dan limbah bambu yang banyak mengandung lignin dan selulosa. Proses pembuatan arang aktif terdiri atas dua tahap yaitu karbonisasi dan aktivasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kondisi terbaik dalam pembuatan arang aktif dari bahan serbuk gergaji kayu jati dan limbah bambu sebagai penjerap logam berat limbah cair industri. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif dari serbuk gergaji kayu dan limbah bambu dengan proses karbonisasi pada suhu 350−800 ℃ dan menggunakan aktivasi fisika, kimia, atau keduanya yang telah memenuhi persyaratan SNI 06-3730-1995. Arang aktif dapat menjerap logam berat seperti Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg cukup tinggi dalam limbah cair industri. Arang aktif yang diaktivasi dengan asam diperkirakan memberikan penjerapan logam berat lebih tinggi jika dibandingkan dengan proses aktivasi lainnya. Kata kunci: adsorpsi, arang aktif, limbah biomassa kehutanan, logam berat, Indonesia is a country where almost half of its territory is forest. Many forest areas produce abundant biomass waste. Therefore, it is necessary to process forest biomass waste as activated charcoal to absorb heavy metals from liquid industrial waste. The materials used in this study are wood sawdust and bamboo waste which contain a lot of lignin and cellulose. Activated charcoal production consists of two stages, namely carbonization and activation. This study aims to determine the best conditions in the manufacture of activated charcoal from teak wood sawdust and bamboo waste as heavy metal sorbents for industrial wastewater. The results showed that activated charcoal from wood sawdust and bamboo waste by carbonization process at a temperature of 350−800 and using physical, chemical, or both activations had met the requirements of SNI 06-3730-1995. Activated charcoal can adsorb heavy metals such as Cr, Pb, Cd, Hg which is relatively high in liquid industrial waste. Activated charcoal with acid is estimated to provide higher heavy metal adsorption when compared to other activation processes. Keywords: activated charcoal, adsorption, forestry biomass waste, heavy metals
Keyword: activated charcoal, adsorption, forestry biomass waste, heavy metals

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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