Judul: Application of Mitochondrial Gene Markers and Real-Time PCR for the Identification of Isurus spp. and Lamna nasus Species
Abstrak: Hiu merupakan spesies predator yang berperan penting dalam ekosistem laut dan memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Eksploitasi bagian hiu yang meliputi sirip, sisik, gigi, tulang rawan, kulit, hati, daging, dan ekor sulit diidentifikasi secara visual sehingga perlu dilakukan identifikasi secara molekuler guna mengetahui produk hiu diperjual-belikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang primer spesifik berbasis marka gen mitokondria pada ikan hiu spesies Isurus spp. dan Lamna nasus serta aplikasinya dalam autentikasi produk perikanan berbasis real-time PCR. Penelitian dilakukan secara in silico untuk perancangan desain primer spesifik dan secara in vitro untuk isolasi DNA sampel, pengujian kuantitas dan kualitas DNA, amplifikasi DNA, dan analisis real-time PCR. Pasangan primer kedua spesies yang termasuk ke dalam daftar CITES II dengan marka gen yang berbeda berhasil dibuat. Primer yang digunakan dapat mengamplifikasi DNA dan memiliki selisih Ct antara DNA target dan non target sehingga terbukti dapat mengidentifikasi spesies hiu target., Sharks are predator species that play an important role in marine ecosystems and have high economic value. The exploitation of shark parts, including fins, scales, teeth, cartilage, skin, liver, meat, and tails, is difficult to visually identify, necessitating molecular identification to determine traded shark products. This study aims to design species-specific primers based on mitochondrial gene markers for shark species Isurus spp. and Lamna nasus, and their application in real-time PCR-based fisheries product authentication. The research was conducted in silico for specific primer design and in vitro for DNA sample isolation, DNA quantity and quality testing, DNA amplification, and real-time PCR analysis. The primer pairs of species included in the CITES II list with different genetic markers has been successfully created. The primers used were able to amplify DNA and showed a Ct difference between the target and non-target DNA, proving their ability to identify the target shark species.
Keyword: primers, real-time PCR, sharks

Judul: Autentikasi Ikan Hiu Dilindungi pada Produk Perikanan dengan Metode qPCR dan Marka Gen NADH Dehydrogenase subunit 2
Abstrak: Hiu merupakan salah satu hasil perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi. Perdagangan hiu umumnya berupa potongan tubuh, seperti sirip, daging, kulit, dan ekor sehingga dilakukan identifikasi secara molekuler sebagai upaya mengetahui produk hiu yang diperdagangkan. Tujuan penelitian ini mendesain primer spesifik berbasis gen marka NADH2 pada ikan hiu dilindungi (Rhincodon typus, Sphyrna lewini, S. mokarran, S. zygaena, Carcharhinus longimanus, C. falciformis, Alopias pelagicus, A. pelagicus, dan Rhynchobatus australiae) serta aplikasinya dalam autentikasi produk perikanan berbasis qPCR. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari perancangan primer spesifik, isolasi DNA, pengujian kuantitas isolat DNA, dan identifikasi menggunakan qPCR. Hasil perancangan primer pada sembilan spesies hiu dilindungi berhasil dilakukan. Primer Alopias pelagicus NADH2 dan Carcharhinus falciformis NADH2 hasil rancangan dapat mengamplifikasi DNA target., Sharks are one of the fishery products that have high economic value. Shark trade is generally in the form of body parts, such as fins, meat, skin, and tails so that molecular identification is carried out to identify the shark products being traded. The purpose of this study was to design specific primes based on the NADH2 marker gene. The primer will be used to identify protected sharks species (Rhincodon typus, Sphyrna lewini, S. mokarran, S. zygaena, Carcharhinus longimanus, C. falciformis, Alopias pelagicus, A. pelagicus, and Rhynchobatus australiae) and their application in qPCR-based authentication of fishery products. The research stages consisted of specific primer design, DNA isolation, testing the quantity of DNA isolate, and identification using qPCR. The results of the primer design on nine protected shark species were successfully implemented. Alopias pelagicus NADH2 and Carcharhinus falciformis NADH2 primers were designed to amplify target DNA.
Keyword: Shark, NADH2, primer, qPCR

Judul: Kajian Atmosfer Bawah Wilayah Tropis dan Subtropis
Abstrak: Planetary Boundary Layer is the lowest part of the atmosphere directly affected by the earth’s surface and responds to surface forcings within a time period of hourly to daily. The thickness of boundary layer varies over space and time, ranging from hundreds of meters to a few kilometers. The objective of this study consist of the analysis of Boundary Layer based on diurnal and nocturnal vertical profiles of meteorological properties and identification of characteristics pertaining to tropical atmosphere (represented by Soekarno-Hatta (6.110S, 106.650E), Polonia (3.560N, 98.680E), and Da Nang (16.030N, 108.200E) stations) and subtropical atmosphere (represented by Perth (31.930S, 115.960E), Nanjing (32.000N, 118.800E), and Hakasskaja (43.780N, 87.620E) stations). Virtual potential temperature, specific humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric stability, and Bulk-Richardson number are used to estimate the boundary layer thickness. Vertical profile of the virtual potential temperature and specific humidity are used to determine the Mixed Layer heights during the day and Residual Layer heights during the night. On the other hand, the mean value of Turbulent Flow Thickness is derived from the vertical profile of the Bulk-Richardson number (RiB). Analytical results of this study revealed that Mixed Layer height in the tropical atmosphere varies in a range from 260 m to 1410 m, Residual Layer height varies in a range from 267 m to 925 m, whereas the Turbulent Flow Thickness variation is confined between 0 m to 335 m. In subtropical atmosphere Mixed Layer height varies in a range from 101 m to 1483 m, Residual Layer height varies in a range from 121 m to 1276 m, whereas the Turbulent Flow Thickness variation is confined between 0 m to 769 m. This study also revealed that, except during summer, Mixed Layer Heights in the tropics are normally higher than in the subtropics.
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