Judul: In silico Analysis of Potential Myricitrin Compounds as IKKβ and TLR2 Inhibitors In Mitigating Cytokine Storms Caused by SARS-CoV-2
Abstrak: COVID19 menyebabkan banyak kasus kematian melalui inflamasi dari badai sitokin. Protein E dari SARS-CoV-2 bersifat sebagai agonis TLR2 (Toll-like receptor 2) yang menjadi pemicu kaskade sinyal inflamasi Nf-ᴋβ (nuclear factor kappa B). Flavonoid terbukti dapat menjadi inhibitor untuk IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta) dan TLR2. Mirisitrin merupakan flavonoid yang terdapat di daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan mengevaluasi senyawa mirisitrin sebagai penghambat IKKβ dan TLR2 dalam jalur Nf-ᴋβ dengan penambatan molekuler. Berdasarkan hasil, mirisitrin lolos pengujian Lipinski dan tidak toksik untuk dikonsumsi. Penambatan mirisitrin dengan IKKβ mendapatkan hasil energi bebas dan konstanta inhibisi yang kecil dengan nilai -8.6220 kkal/mol dan 0.471 μM. Penambatan mirisitrin dengan TLR2 juga mendapatkan hasil yang bernilai kecil yaitu -8.2020 kkal/mol dan 0.958 μM. Mirisitrin membentuk banyak ikatan hidrogen serta berikatan pada situs aktif yang mempunyai peran penting di IKKβ dan TLR2 sehingga berpotensi sebagai inhibitor., Numerous death cases have been reported due to COVID-19-induced inflammation caused by cytokine storms. The E protein from SARS-CoV-2 has been identified as an agonist of Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), which triggers the nuclear factor kappa B (Nf-ᴋβ) inflammation signaling cascade. Previous research has demonstrated that flavonoids can serve as inhibitors for IKKβ (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit beta) and TLR2. Myricitrin is a flavonoid found in bay leaf (Syzygium polyanthum). The purpose of this research is to evaluate myricitrin as an inhibitor for IKKβ and TLR2 of the Nf-ᴋβ pathway with molecular docking. Results showed that myricitrin passed the Lipinski test and was non-toxic. The binding of myricitrin with IKKβ yielded a small free energy and inhibition constant with values of -8.6220 kcal/mol and 0.471 μM, respectively. The docking of myricitrin with TLR2 also yielded low value results, namely -8.2020 kcal/mol and 0.958 μM, respectively. Myricitrin formed numerous hydrogen bonds and bound to active sites that play a vital role in IKKβ and TLR2, indicating its potential as an inhibitor.
Keyword: Covid19, Nf-ᴋβ, IKKβ, TLR2, Myricitrin

Judul: Virtual Screening of Flavonoid Compounds of Indonesian  Medicinal Plants as SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Inhibitors of Indonesian Patients
Abstrak: COVID-19 merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh virus SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 memiliki kemiripan dengan virus SARS-CoV dan MERS-CoV. Protein spike, terutama pada bagian receptor-binding domain (RBD) merupakan perantara utama pelekatan virus pada reseptor ACE2 sel inang. Senyawa flavonoid dari tanaman obat diduga berpotensi menghambat infeksi SARS-CoV-2. Penelitian ini bertujuan menapis 308 senyawa flavonoid tanaman obat dari data bank molekul virtual yang memiliki potensi terbaik dalam menginhibisi RBD-Spike (EPI_ISL_576383) menggunakan metode virtual screening melalui analisis energi pengikatan (∆G), konstanta inhibisi (Ki), dan interaksi yang terbentuk berdasarkan farmakokinetik dan toksisitas. Diperoleh 3 senyawa terbaik dalam menginhibisi RBD-Spike yang diprediksi dapat menjadi obat COVID-19. Sophoraisoflavone A, catechin 3-gallate, dan 6,8-diprenylgenistein dapat menghambat RBD-Spike dengan berikatan pada residu asam amino yang menjadi kunci residu RBD-Spike. Sophoraisoflavone A memiliki ∆G -6.8 kkal/mol dengan Ki 10.23 µM, 6,8- diprenylgenistein memiliki ∆G -6.7 kkal/mol dengan Ki 12.11 µM, serta catechin 3-gallate memiliki ∆G -6.6 kkal/mol dengan Ki 14.34 µM., COVID-19 is a disease that cause by SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has similatities with the SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. Spike protein, especially in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) mediates virus entry into host cells by binding to ACE2. Flavonoid compounds from medicinal plants were predicted to have the potential to inhibit SARS-CoV-2 infection. This research aims to screen 308 flavonoid compounds of medicinal plants from virtual molecule data banks that have the best potency as RBD-Spike (EPI_ISL_576383) inhibitor using virtual screening method through analysis of binding energy (∆G), inhibition constant (Ki), and interaction formed on the basis of pharmacokinetics and toxicity. There were 3 best compounds to inhibit RBD-Spike which were predicted as COVID-19 drugs. Sophoraisoflavone A, catechin 3-gallate, and 6,8-diprenylgenistein had the ability to inhibit RBD-Spike by binding to amino acid residues that were key residues of RBD-Spike. Sophoraisoflavone A had ∆G -6.8 kcal/mol with Ki 10.23 µM, 6,8- diprenylgenistein had ∆G -6.7 kcal/mol with Ki 12.11 µM, and catechin 3-gallate had ∆G -6.6 kcal/mol with Ki 14.34 µM.
Keyword: flavonoid, protein spike, RBD-Spike, SARS-CoV-2, virtual screening

Judul: Desain Taman Sekolah Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD) Gema Imani Bogor
Abstrak: Early childhood education is the lowest level education for children of 0-6 years. In this phase, education influence child development. Therefore, educational facilities must support child development. Outdoor facilities are facilities that can made children to learn about nature. Outdoor facilities include a garden designed according to national and international standards to fulfill early childhood education curriculum. Garden design is divided into two main area, front garden and rear garden. Rear garden focused on children's games that use equipment such as swings, slides, balance beam, arch climbers, rope climbing, etc. The lawn in front garden accommodate free activity such as running, walking, jumping, etc
Keyword: Children growth, Curicculum, Design early-childhood school yard