Judul: The Political Theoretical Principles for Social Enterprise: An Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Negara dan pasar memiliki peran mendasar dalam pencapaian kesejahteraan masyarakat. Negara dengan otoritas yang sah mengemban tanggung jawab untuk mengatur, memberikan perlindungan, serta menyediakan barang publik bagi warganya. Di sisi lain, pasar berfungsi sebagai mekanisme sosial yang memfasilitasi interaksi ekonomi antara pembeli dan penjual. Realitanya pasar dan negara sering mengalami hambatan dalam mencapai tujuan masing-masing. Dalam konteks ini, social enterprise hadir sebagai solusi yang memiliki peran penting dalam mengisi celah kegagalan pasar dan pemerintah. Namun, implementasi dan pengembangan social enterprise masih perlu diperkuat oleh landasan teoritis yang komprehensif dari berbagai cabang keilmuan, termasuk dari aspek ilmu politik. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan identifikasi teori-teori ilmu politik untuk social enterprise dan mengkaji arsitektur teori social enterprise dari tinjauan ilmu politik. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan integrative literature review dengan mengumpulkan data sekunder dari pangkalan data Proquest dan Scopus. Kajian literatur ini menghasilkan gambaran arsitektur teori-teori politik yang berhubungan dengan social enterprise. Penemuan ini mengindikasikan bahwa belum semua teori politik diterapkan dalam literatur terkait pengembangan social enterprise, terutama pada berbagai variabel yang melekat pada entitas social enterprise itu sendiri., The state and market play vital roles in societal well-being. The state regulates, protects, and provides public goods, while the market facilitates economic transactions. Despite their synergy, both encounter obstacles. Social enterprise addresses gaps from market and government failures. Its advancement requires a strong theoretical foundation, including insights from political science. This study identifies relevant political science theories and examines their integration into the social enterprise framework. Using integrative literature review methodology and data from ProQuest and Scopus, the study highlights that not all political theories are fully integrated into social enterprise literature, particularly regarding its inherent variables.
Keyword: Integrative Literature Review, Political Science, Political Theory, State and Business

Judul: Economic Theories Basis for Social Enterprise: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Usaha sosial (SE) merupakan entitas bisnis yang memiliki misi menciptakan nilai ekonomi dan sosial. Pemahaman normatif atas SE memberikan ruang analisa bagi berbagai cabang keilmuan, termasuk ilmu ekonomi untuk mempelajari SE. Peranan ilmu ekonomi pada pengembangan SE masih belum cukup memadai dibahas dan dipahami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi teori-teori ekonomi yang berhubungan dengan dasar teori SE serta menyusun arsitektur teori ekonomi untuk SE yang berkembang sampai saat ini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kajian literatur terintegrasi dengan sumber data melalui Scopus dan ProQuest. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan dasar-dasar teori pada SE yang telah berkembang dan teori-teori utama ekonomi yang telah digunakan untuk pengembangan SE. Berdasarkan pemetaan konsepsi teori SE dengan teori-teori ekonomi utama diketahui bahwa belum semua teori ekonomi digunakan dalam pengembangan konsepsi SE., Social enterprise (SE) is a business entity with a mission to create economic and social value. The normative understanding of SE provides an analytical space for various disciplines, especially economics. The role of economics in the development of SE still not sufficiently discussed and understood. The aim of this research is to identify economic theories that are related to the fundamental theories of SE and generate the architectural framework of economic theories for SE developed nowdays. This research uses an integrative literature review through Scopus and ProQuest databases. The result shows fundamental theories of SE and six economic theories that have been adopted in the development of SE. Based on the mapping of SE theories and economics theories mentioned before, discovered that not all of the economic theories applied in the development of SE conception.
Keyword: economic theory, integrative literature review, social enterprise, sustainable economic

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
Keyword: