Judul: Metabolisme lemak ayam broiler yang diberi pakan berbasis karbohidrat atau lemak yang disuplementasi vitamin E dan vitamin C melalui air minum.
Abstrak: Indonesia as a tropical country potentially lead to a less comfortable conditions for the production of broiler chickens. Stress conditions can stimulate cell membrane and tissue damage, so it can give a negative impact on the chickens, for example the liver. It is necessary to neutralize (antioxidants) lipid peroxidation and detoxification of toxic metabolic products in an effort to maintain or increase fat metabolism in the liver. Objectives of thus research were to evaluate the vitamin E and C supplementation through drinking water to overcome the existence of free radicals and lipid metabolism in the body. Research used the 160 male Ross broiler strain with weight of 38 ± 2 g with a brand CP 707 (Ross strain). For the first week, the broiler chickens were fed a commercial starter of PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia, then followed by two types feed namely carbohydrate-based (PC) and fat-based (PL) rations, depend of fat level content in the feed. Vitamin C was given at 60 mg/l of drinking water and vitamin E at 8 mg/l of drinking water of PT Trouw Nutrition Indonesia. Data collection were done for 21 days after the age of 8-28 days with 4 combination treatments, 4 replicates and 10 chickens per replicate. Research using factorial completely randomized design (CRD factorial). The data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by orthogonal contrast test. The data obtained were tested using the General Linear Model procedure using SAS software version 9.1. Some aspects analyzed are the malonaldehid (MDA), blood profile, blood chemistry, apparent metabolize energy, nitrogen retention, fat retention and broiler performance. The results showed that blood profile, blood chemistry, malonaldehid (MDA), relative liver weights and body weight gain were not affected (P > 0.05) due to the treatments. On the other hand total cholesterol (P < 0.01) and HDL cholesterol (P < 0.05) were significantly affected by the treatments. Feed intake and feed conversion ratio significantly different (P < 0.01) caused by interaction of vitamin supplementation through drinking water with fat based rations. In conclusion , fat based rations is more profitable (IOFC) and improve feed conversion ratio of broiler chickens during heat stress when supplemented with vitamin E and vitamin C through drinking
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Judul: Performa dan Analisis Ekonomi Broiler yang Diberi Ransum Sumber Pati atau Lemak Tinggi sebagai Sumber Energi serta Suplementasi Vitamin E dan C
Abstrak: Environmental temperature in Indonesia is high enough to let heat stress in broiler chicken. This heat stress may cause oxidative stress, decrease feed consumption and production. Vitamin E and C are usually used as anti heat-stress agent while carbohydrate and lipid are used as energy source. The purpose of this research was to find out the influence of supplementation of vitamin E and C through drinking water on broiler performance fed carbohydrate or lipid as energy source. The dose of vitamin E and C given was 1 g/L drinking water. This research used 160 Ross broiler chickens. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments (R1: carbohydrate based diet, R2: lipid based diet, R3: R1+ vitamin E and C supplementation, and R4: R2+vitamin E and C supplementation) and four replications. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Variables measured were feed consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion, mortality, and income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC). The results indicated that carbohydrate or lipid based diet and supplementation of vitamin E and C did not influence the feed consumption, final body weight, body weight gain, and mortality. However the lipid based diet supplemented with vitamin E and C improved feed efficiency. The feed conversion of R4 was 1.46. The IOFCC of R4 was the highest. The conclusion of this research was lipid based diet supplemented with vitamin E and C resulted the best performances and had the highest profit.
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Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology