Judul: Formulasi Bio Degreaser Berbahan Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat  (MES) dengan Aditif Asam Oksalat
Abstrak: Pengembangan bio degreaser berbahan surfaktan kelapa sawit bertujuan menggantikan degreaser berbahan surfaktan minyak bumi yang kurang ramah lingkungan. Pengembangan dilakukan dengan memformulasikan surfaktan metil ester sulfonat (MES) dengan asam oksalat sebagai bahan pembersih logam atau keramik. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh konsentrasi asam oksalat terbaik berdasarkan uji karakteristik. Konsentrasi asam oksalat yang diuji adalah 7, 8, dan 9%. Formulasi bio degreaser terbaik selanjutnya ditambahkan surfaktan dietanolamida (DEA) untuk meningkatkan kualitasnya dan setelah itu dilakukan uji daya bersih. Hasil uji menunjukkan konsentrasi asam oksalat terbaik yaitu 7% dengan nilai pH 1,6; viskositas 1,39 cp; specific gravity 1,012; dan tegangan permukaan 32 dyne/cm. Selanjutnya diketahui penambahan ko-surfaktan DEA 14,16% yang dapat meningkatkan pH dari 1,6 menjadi 3,2 dan tegangan permukaan dari 31,97 dyne/cm menjadi 28,70 dyne/cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bio degreaser mampu membersihkan logam dan keramik lebih baik dibandingkan dengan hanya menggunakan air, tetapi daya bersih degreaser komersial masih lebih baik dibandingkan bio degreaser yang dihasilkan. Namun, karaktersitik bio degreaser yang dihasilkan sudah memenuhi SNI untuk produk deterjen.
Keyword: bio degreaser, diethanolamide, methyl ester sulfonate, oxalic acid, palm oil, surfactant

Judul: Formulasi Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat sebagai Oil Well Cleaning
Abstrak: Oil productivity reduction may be due to plugging in the oil rock formations. The plugging may be caused by the deposition of paraffin, asphaltene, and scale. Problem caused by the presence of the precipitate is the rock formation can be oil wet so that oil permeability decreases. The problem can be solved by well cleaning technique with surfactant formula. Surfactant MES is a type of anionic surfactant which has ability to lower the interfcial tension, surface tension, and able to change the properties of rock from oil wet to become water wet. Surfactant MES formula for well cleaning requires carrier agent. In this study, diesel oil and metil ester were used as carrying agent. Aromatic solvents were also needed. Xylene and toluene has ability to dissolve asphaltene that deposites in formation. Surfaktan formulation for well cleaning was done with several stages, those are determine the SMES concentration and aromatic solvents concentration. Surfactant performance tests for oil well cleaning were thermal stability, phase behavior, and wettability. The surfactant formula which gave the best performance was SMES 3% in metil ester carrying agent with xylene 15% as additive.
Keyword: methyl sulfonic esters, oil well cleaning, Asphaltene

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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