Judul: Pengembangan Indeks Kepekaan Ekologi (Ike) Ekosistem Mangrove Terhadap Tumpahan Minyak
Abstrak: Mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir yang rentan terkena tumpahan minyak. Pembersihan tumpahan minyak yang masuk ke dalam ekosistem mangrove sangat sulit dan membutuhkan biaya yang mahal. Indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove adalah suatu metode alternatif untuk mengendalikan tumpahan minyak melalui upaya mencegah tumpahan minyak memasuki kawasan ekosistem mangrove yang memiliki kepekaan yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merumuskan variable-variabel utama indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove terhadap tumpahan minyak, mengembangkan formulasi indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove terhadap tumpahan minyak, dan menguji coba formulasi indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove terhadap tumpahan minyak di kawasan mangrove Segara Anakan Kabupaten Cilacap dan Pesisir Kabupaten Indramayu. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi perumusan variabel-variabel kunci indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove, perumusan formulasi indeks, dan ujicoba indeks. Perumusan variabel indeks dilakukan melalui studi literatur, survei pakar, analisis cluster, dan uji statistik. Data yang digunakan berupa data sekunder dari berbagai laporan penelitian dan jurnal, serta data primer yang merupakan hasil survey di Kabupaten Cilacap dan Kabupaten Indramayu. Penelitian ini menghasilkan delapan variabel kunci indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove, yang meliputi keberadaan nursery habitat (KNH), jenis flora mangrove (JMg), umur flora mangrove (UMg), lama penggenangan pasang (LPP), kerapatan pohon mangrove (KPM), jumlah jenis flora mangrove (JJM), keberadaan flora mangrove yang dilindungi (KML), dan keberadaan fauna yang dilindungi (KFL). Formulasi IKE ekosistem mangrove yang terbentuk berdasarkan variabel-variabel kunci dan pembobotan berdasarkan nilai rangking adalah: Indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove ini mampu memenuhi kriteria indeks yang baik, antara lain: (1) variabel-variabel indeks ini mampu mewakili karakteristik ekosistem mangrove (lingkungan, flora, fauna, dan fungsi ekologi); (2) indeks ini memiliki kemampuan menilai kepekaan ekologi ekosistem mangrove dengan baik, terbukti pada ujicoba menggunakan data sekunder indeks ini mampu membedakan tingkat kepekaan ekosistem mangrove dalam empat kategori, yaitu kurang peka, cukup peka, peka, dan sangat peka; dan (3) formulasi indeks sederhana sehingga mudah untuk digunakan. Kapasitas indeks ini mampu menilai berbagai karakteristik ekosistem mangrove, sehingga indeks ini dapat diterapkan pada seluruh lokasi mangrove di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini juga menggambarkan sebaran indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove di Kabupaten Indramayu tergolong peka dan Kabupaten Cilacap tergolong peka dan sangat peka. Keberadaan ekosistem mangrove dengan tingkat kepekaan ekologi yang tinggi di Kabupaten Cilacap dan Indramayu IKEem=0,18KNH+0,12JMg+0,15 UMg+0,13LPP+0,09KPM+0,09JJM +0,10KML+0,13KFL membutuhkan upaya pencegahan terjadinya tumpahan minyak sehingga tidak menimbulkan kerugian ekologi dan juga kerugian ekonomi yang tinggi. Pengendalian tumpahan minyak berbasis pada nilai indeks kepekaan ekologi (IKE) ekosistem mangrove, maka kebijakan pengendalian tumpahan minyak di ekosistem mangrove mengutamakan aspek pencegahan dan penanggulangan tumpahan minyak secara efektif. Aspek pencegahan mengandung arti perencanaan aktivitas mencegah terjadinya tumpahan minyak pada kegiatan-kegiatan yang berpotensi menimbulkan tumpahan minyak. Aspek penanggulangan yang efektif merupakan kegiatan merespon secara cepat untuk mencegah penyebaran minyak dan melakukan pencucian minyak pada daerah yang tercemari secara efektif.
Keyword: indeks kepekaaan ekologi (IKE), mangrove, tumpahan minyak

Judul: Analisis Metode Indeks Kepekaan Lingkungan Ekosistem Mangrove terhadap Tumpahan Minyak, Studi Kasus di Wilayah Pesisir Kabupaten Subang
Abstrak: Mangrove ecosystem is one of the coastal ecosystems that very vulnerable to oil spills. Oil spill on mangrove ecosystem can cause direct mortality. Oil polution in the long term on mangrove ecosystem can disturb another organism that live in mangrove, also influencing socio-economic life of people who depend their life to mangrove ecosystem. With the result that, efforts to prevent or minimize the risk of oil spills in coastal areas is needed. Enviromental sensitivity index (ESI) is an index that can determine the sensitivity level of environmental to oil spills. This research aims to develop environmental sensitivity index of mangrove ecosystem in the coastal area of Subang, West Java Province to oil spill. Types of data were used in this study consists of primary data and secondary data. Primary data was obtained by survey in the field, while secondary data was obtained by literature study. Primary data was collected including mangrove ecosystem data, type of substrates, and socio-economics data that related to mangrove ecosystem. While secondary data was including coastal physical characteristics and hydrooceanography. These data were used to form ESI parameters. Furthermore the ESI was applied in the studied area and then the sensitivity area was shown on ESI map. The ESI was comprised of three types of index consist of vulnerability index (VI), ecology index (EI), and socio-economic index (SI). The paramaters of VI consist of slope, tides, tidal range, height of wave, type of substrate, and mangrove distance from the coast. The parameters of EI consist of mangrove zonation, density of mangrove, diversity of mangroves, stage of mangrove, protected wildlife, and status of mangrove protection. The parameters of SI consists of two components including social and economic components. The social component was based on mangrove resource utilization by human, such as fisheries potential, wood potential, and tourism potential, while the economic component was counting from biomass of mangrove. The formula of ESI was used is ( ) ( ) it divided into 5 sensitivity levels (not sensitive, less sensitive, moderate, sensitive and very sensitive). Generally coastal areas of Subang were slightly slope, mixed semidiurnal of tidal type, average wave height is 0.4 meters, muddy substrate and mangrove found in the shoreline. In observation areas founded three genus of mangrove (Avicennia sp, Sonneratia sp, and Rhizophora sp.) with different densities. The mangrove ecosystem at Subang is protected area. Protected wildlife did not found on mangrove ecosystem. Mangrove used for fisheries activities (as an area of ponds, catching eels and crabs) and the use of wood (as fuelwood, building materials, materials for fishing gear). The ESI aplication on mangrove ecosystem in observation areas showed that some mangrove have sensitive and moderate ESI level. The most of areas moderate to oil spill except to Tegal Tike, Anggaranu, and Tanjung. These area are sensitive to oil spill
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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