Judul: Seleksi Bibit Unggul Lebah Madu Apis mellifera Linn (ymenoptera:Apidae) di Daerah Jawa dengan Teknik Perkawinan Silang secara Inseminasi Buatan
Abstrak: Apis mellifera merupakan spesies lebah dari Eropa dan telah lama berhasil dibudidayakan di Afrika, Amerika, Australia, dan Asia. Produksi madu A. mellifera lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan spesies lebah madu lainnya. Untuk meningkatkan proporsi materi genetik unggul dalam populasi ternak perlu dilakukan seleksi bibit unggul. Perkawinan lebah terjadi di udara, lebah ratu kawin sekali dalam seumur hidupnya dengan beberapa ekor lebah jantan. Untuk meningkatkan efektivitas reproduksi individu unggul sebagai pengembang biak generasi berikutnya dilakukan perkawinan antara koloni dari lokasi apiari yang berbeda seeara inseminasi buatan.
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Judul: Asal lebah madu impor, Apis melifera di Indonesia berdasarkan daerah intergenik cox1/cox2 DNA mitokondria
Abstrak: Apis mellifera merupakan lebah madu favorit bagi para peternak lebah madu di seluruh dunia. Lebah A. mellifera ini terbagi ke dalam 24 subspesies. Berdasarkan analisis morfometrik dan wilayah persebarannya, berbagai subspesies A. mellifera tersebut dikelompokkan menjadi empat kelompok garis keturunan (lineage) yakni; A (Afrika), M (Eropa Utara dan Barat), C (Eropa Selatan), dan O (Timur Tengah). Apis mellifera di Indonesia pertama diimpor dari Australia dan mulai diimpor ke Indonesia tahun 1972. Hingga saat ini belum ada data mengenai asal dan subspesies A. mellifera di Indonesia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui asal lebah madu A. mellifera yang ada di Indonesia berdasarkan DNA mitokondria yaitu daerah intergenik diantara gen cytochrome oxidase I dan cytochrome oxidase II (cox1/cox2). Pada daerah intergenik cox1/cox2 ini terdapat dua tipe fragmen DNA; yakni P dan Q yang dapat menentukan kelompok garis keturunan A. mellifera. Hasil amplifikasi daerah intergenik cox1/cox2 dengan menggunakan primer E2 dan H1 menghasilkan fragmen DNA 863 pb. Hasil pemotongan fragmen DNA tersebut dengan DraI menghasilkan satu haplotipe, yang terdiri atas lima pita DNA. Hasil pengurutan dan penjajaran DNA pada darerah intergenik cox1/cox2 menunjukkan bahwa subspesies A. mellifera yang ada di Indonesia termasuk kedalam kelompok garis keturunan C. Subspesies lebah tersebut adalah A m. ligustica dengan persebaran alaminya di Italia yang diimpor ke Indonesia dari Australi.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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