Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Pliek u oil has been used as cooking oil and medicine for skin diseases, wound, fever, headache and abdominal pain. Pliek u has been consumed as spices and ingredient of hot sauce (sambal), and also used for poultry feed. This research was undertaken to detect the antimicrobial activity of Aceh traditional fermented coconut (pliek u oil and extracts of pliek u). The research was supposed to support the function of this food, especially pliek u, as a new source of antimicrobial compounds and a healthy food. Antimicrobial activity of pliek u oil and extracts of pliek u were evaluated against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis, Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Candida albicans. Among antimicrobial extracts tested, crude ethanol extract (EEP) obtained from pliek u extracted by ethanol was the most active against all microbial strains. The ethanol extract (EERP) obtained from pliek u previously extracted by hexane was only active against bacterial strains and crude hexane extract (EHP) was only active against C. albicans. EEP showed antimicrobial activity at a minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimal microbicidal concentration (MMC) at 2.5-10 mg/ml and 10-80 mg/ml, respectively. The LC50 value of EEP concentration was 3.36 mg/ml by Artemia salina L bioassay. The antimicrobial activity of EEP was stable at 100ºC, 121ºC for 15-60 minutes, 28ºC (room temperature) and 10ºC (refrigerator temperature) for 1-6 months and at pH of 3-11. EEP at 3.36 mg/ml (LC50) reduced significantly the number of S. aureus and E. coli in 2-12 hours compared to the control. The effect of EEP was detected on the number of microbe of faeces, liver and kidney structure of mice. Single dose of EEP each 370 and 733 mg/kg body weight were administered orally to the mice. On the fourth day, their body, liver and kidney weight were measured. Liver and kidney organ were made into preparate into HE staining. The result showed that there was no effect of crude EEP treatments on the number of microbe of faeces and no change on the weight of liver and kidney per body weight. Histopathological observation on the mice liver and kidney revealed minor and middle damage at single dose of EEP treatments. The damage of liver and kidney were not significantly differ (P>0.05) compared to control. EEP and EERP separated into four and three bioautographic with different Rfs 0.93, 0.71, 0.19 and 0.10 and 0.77, 0.63 and 0.4 respectively, which were all shown to be active against S. aureus. Identification of components of EEP and EERP were detected by GC-MS represented 22 (99.89%) and 9 components (99.80%), respectively. The main constituents of EEP were carboxylic acid (43.64%), esters (30.99%), aliphatic hydrocarbon (22.45%) and alcohol (2.81%), while the main constituents of EERP were alcohol (45.13%), esters (14.89%), carboxylic acid (4.25%) and other components (35.53%). The research concluded that EEP showed strong antimicrobial activity, stable and not toxic extract at concentration 370-733 mg/kg body weight of mice.
Keyword: Aceh traditional food, Pliek u, Antimicrobial activity, Active compounds

Judul: Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk.) Terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus
Abstrak: Parkia speciosa Hassk. is one of edible plants that not developed as medicinal plants yet.The purpose of this research is to study antibacterial activity of peel extract to Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacteria with gel diffusion (well method). Peel extract that used in this research were from extraction of n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol 70%. The concentration were 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, and 300 mg/mL for every solvent. The result of this research showed that ethyl acetate extract has the highest antibacterial activity with 404,25% of 10 mg/mL streptomycin’s antibacterial activity agains Staphylococcus aureus, and 279,12% of 10 mg/mL streptomycin’s antibacterial activity agains Escherichia coli. TLC result showed that ethyl acetate extract with toluene:ethyl acetate (93:7) as solvent has eight spots under 254 nm UV that was mean ethyl acetate extract of petai peel consisted of eight compound. The result of Analysis of Variance with SPSS 16 program for windows showed that variance of solvents and concentration were significantly different for inhibition areas
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), TLC, Staphylococcus aureus, Parkia speciosa Hassk, Escherichia coli, antibacteria

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular