Judul: Addressing the challenges Of managing Small-Scale Grouper (Serranidae ) And Snapper (Lutjanidae) Fisheries In Eastern Indonesia
Abstrak: Perikanan adalah sektor perekonomian yang penting untuk mengatasi ancaman kelaparan dan kemiskinan di dunia, khususnya di Asia Tenggara dan Indonesia yang pada tahun 2014 dilaporkan menduduki urutan ke-dua sebagai negara penghasil ikan tangkap terbesar di dunia. Penelitian terbaru telah menunjukan pentingnya perikanan skala kecil dalam hal banyaknya ikan yang didaratkan dan ketahanan pangan, bahkan diyakini bahwa jumlah hasil tangkapan dari perikanan ini yang dilaporkan jauh dari yang sesungguhnya. Perikanan skala kecil merupakan sub-sektor perikanan yang penting yang menyediakan sumber mata pencaharian dan pemenuhan pangan bagi jutaan nelayan kecil, masyarakat setempat dan penyuka makanan dari laut di Indonesia dan dunia. Hingga tahun 2000, nelayan skala kecil di Asia Tenggara menyumbang lebih banyak ikan konsumsi bagi manusia daripada perikanan skala industri (tidak termasuk ikan yang digunakan sebagai pakan ikan), dan di Indonesia mempekerjakan sekitar 85% dari semua pekerja di sektor perikanan. Disertasi ini meneliti tentang pengelolaan perikanan di bagian Timur Indonesia yang mencakupi tiga topik yaitu: a) menelaah tentang definisi hukum dari nelayan kecil dan perikanan skala kecil dikaitkan dengan mandat perikanan yang berkelanjutan dan penguatan penduduk miskin dan mengajukan sebuah definisi baru nelayan kecil dan perikanan skala kecil di Indonesia, b) meneliti tentang kecenderungan tangkapan kerapu (Serranidae) dan kakap (Lutjanidae) di Indonesia dan mencoba kegunaan dari metoda pendugaan stok ikan, Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR), untuk perikanan kerapu dan kakap dengan data terbatas di Teluk Saleh, Nusa Tenggara Barat dan Laut Timor, Nusa Tenggara Timur, dan c) menelaah pengelolaan perikanan berbasis hak untuk perikanan skala kecil dan mengajukan sebuah konsep pengelolaan perikanan berbasis hak yang diberi istilah Hak Pengelolaan Perikanan (HPP) sebagai alat pengelolaan perikanan skala kecil di Indonesia. Metoda penelitian deskriptif dan kuantitatif termasuk analisa perundang-undangan dan studi pustaka, yang ditriangulasi melalui diskusi-diskusi kelompok terfokus dan pengumpulan data lapangan diterapkan untuk mencapai tujuan dari penelitian ini. Perikanan skala kecil di Indonesia saat ini tidak diatur dan dikecualikan dari instrumen pengelolaan perikanan yang ada, menjadikannya penting dalam menentukan keberhasilan seluruh upaya-upaya pengelolaan perikanan jangka panjang di Indonesia (Bab 3). Definisi nelayan kecil yang ada saat ini (sesuai undang-undang tahun 2016) meliputi kapal ikan < 10 GT, lebih besar dari sebelumnya < 5 GT, menimbulkan masalah karena meningkatkan jumlah kapalkapal dan tangkapan dari perikanan yang tidak diatur. Melalui penelitian ini, saya mengusulkan sebuah definisi perikanan skala kecil yang baru sebagai “suatu (satu) unit kegiatan perikanan, dikelola pada skala rumah tangga, tanpa atau dengan menggunakan kapal ikan < 5 GT dan menggunakan alat tangkap yang tidak dioperasikan oleh mesin”. Definisi ini memadukan atribut kapal ikan (GT), atribut alat tangkap (mekanisasi) dan unit usaha dimana pengambilan keputusan terjadi (yakni pada skala rumah tangga), dan bertujuan untuk meminimalisir penangkapan ikan yang ilegal, tidak dilaporkan dan tidak diatur dan mengarahkan program bantuan pemerintah kepada orang-orang yang benar-benar miskin dan terpinggirkan. Penelitian ini merekomendasikan pemerintah mempertimbangkan dua istilah yang saling terkait, kedalam undang-undang yang berlaku untuk memperbaiki pengelolaan perikanan: “nelayan kecil” dipergunakan dalam undangundang perlindungan dan pemberdayaan nelayan dan “perikanan skala kecil” kedalam undang-undang perikanan. Keberlanjutan populasi ikan kerapu dan kakap yang menjadi target tangkapan perikanan termasuk oleh perikanan skala kecil telah mengalami ancaman akibat dari perluasan armada penangkapan
Keyword: hak ulayat laut, perikanan data terbatas, undang-undang perikanan, pengelolaan perikanan, nelayan skala kecil, rasio potensi pemijahan, perikanan berkelanjutan

Judul: ddressing the challenges Of managing Small-Scale Grouper (Serranidae ) And Snapper (Lutjanidae) Fisheries In Eastern Indonesia
Abstrak: Fisheries are an important economic sector in combatting threats of hunger and poverty around the world, especially in southeast Asia, particularly Indonesia, who in 2014 reported the 2nd highest landings from marine capture fisheries globally. Recent research has highlighted the significance of small-scale fisheries (SSF) in terms of landings and food security and that catches from SSF are under-reported. The SSF category is an important fisheries subsector that provides livelihood and food security for millions of small-scale fishers, local communities and seafood enthusiasts in Indonesia and around the world. Up until 2000, small-scale fishers in southeast Asia contributed more food fish for humans than industrial fisheries (excluding fish used to produce fishmeal), and in Indonesia employ almost 85% of the people employed in the whole fisheries sector. The research in my Dissertation investigated fisheries management in eastern Indonesia and has three main areas: a) it examines the legal definition of SSF against the mandate of fisheries sustainability and empowerment of the poor and suggests a new definition for SSF in Indonesia, b) investigates trends in landings for grouper (Serranidae) and snapper (Lutjanidae) in Indonesia and trials the efficacy of a novel stock assessment, the Length-Based Spawning Potential Ratio (LB-SPR) method, for data-limited grouper and snapper fisheries in Saleh Bay of West Nusa Tenggara province and Timor Sea of East Nusa Tenggara province and c) investigates Rights-Based Fisheries Management (RBFM) for SSF to conceptualize a suitable RBFM, termed Fisheries Management Rights (FMRs) as a tool for SSF management in Indonesia. Different descriptive and quantitative research methods, including content analysis of laws and relevant literature, triangulated through focus group discussions and field fish-length data collection methods, are performed to address the aims of this research. Small-scale fisheries in Indonesia are currently not regulated and are exempted from the existing fisheries management instruments, which make them important for determining the long-term success of the overall Indonesian fisheries management (Chapter 3). The present definition of SSF (implemented in law in 2016) includes fishing boats < 10 GT, increased from the previous < 5 GT classification, creates issues as it increases the number of vessels and catches from unregulated fisheries. In this research, a new definition of SSF is proposed as a fisheries operation, managed at the household level, fishing without or with a fishing boat < 5 GT and using unmechanized fishing gears. This definition combines attributes of the fishing vessel (GT), attributes of the fishing gear (mechanization) and the unit of business where decision making occurs (i.e. household), and aims to minimize illegal, unreported and unregulated fishing and focuses government aid on the truly impoverished and marginalized people. This research also recommends that consideration is given to introducing two different, but related terms, to existing laws to enhance fisheries management in Indonesia: “small-scale fisher” is introduced to the law on empowerment of fishers and “smallscale fisheries” is inserted into the law concerning fisheries. The future sustainability of grouper and snapper stocks targeted by SSF is threatened due to the continued expansion of the fishing fleets, especially those in eastern Indonesia in the past decade (Chapter
Keyword: customary marine tenure, data-limited fisheries, fisheries law, fisheries management, small-scale fishers, spawning potential ratio, sustainable fisheries

Judul: Enhancement of photon absorbtion on BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films semiconductor using photonic crystals.
Abstrak: In this research, has been conducted BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films manufacturing for mole fraction x = 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55; and concentration of 1 molar using chemical solution depositon (CSD) method. The materials, which are used in this research, are barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%], titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28), 97.999%], gallium trioxide [Ga2O3], 2-methoxyethanol [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] and 1 x 1 cm of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass as substrate. Two BST thin films are made that for BST thin films which are doped by 10% galium (BGST) as p-type layer and pure BST solution as n-type. BST solution is made by reacting barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%] and titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28)] into 2-methoxyethanol solvent [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] in accordance with mass gram for each x value. While, BGST solution is made in the same way as BST solution, plus adding gallium at 10% of the mass of BST. Once all materials are reacted, then vibrated using ultrasonic for 90 minutes, and followed by coating BGST / BST on the TCO substrate. Once the layer is formed, then annealed for 15 hours at temperature of 500 °C with increasing rate of 1.67 oC/minute. Characterizations of BST thin films with or without photonic crystals include the absorbance and transmittance in the visible light spectrum, as well as the electrical photoconductivity characterizations. From BST thin films without photonic crystals indicate that our thin films have light absorption area on almost the entire range of the visible light spectrum even to the infrared range with absorption value over than 67.6%, in addition, it can be seen that the maximum absorbance of BST thin films for all mole fractions lie in blue to green light spectrum region, 457 nm ≤ λ ≤ 570 nm and the minimum in yellow to red light spectrum region, 570 nm ≤ λ ≤ 678 nm. The largest absorbance is found at x = 0.25 with average absorbance value of 92.04% and maximum and minimum absorbance peaks at wavelength of 500.89 and 657.72 nm, respectively. At x = 0.35, average absorbance value decreased to 83.55% with maximum and minimum peaks at 505.73 and 613.68 nm, respectively. Then increased to 91.16% at x = 0.45 with maximum and minimum peaks at 506.04 and 618.56 nm, respectively. At x = 0.55, average absorbance value decreased to 80.12% with maximum and minimum peaks at 507.85 and 608.79 nm, respectively. Moreover, it can be seen that the addition of barium mole fraction leads to wider maximum absorbance or minimum transmittance peaks and narrower minimum absorbance or maximum transmittance peaks in the same range of the green and blue & red light spectrums, respectively. BST thin films with photonic crystals show increasing in absorption for all x values in the range of 3.04 into 13.33%. At x = 0.25, average absorbance percentage increased 3.96% from 92.4 into 95.68%, for x = 0.35 average percentage increased 7.07% into 89.45 from 83.55%. Furthermore, average absorbance of BST thin films at x = 0.45 increased 3.04% from 91.16 into 93.93% and x = 0.55 has
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