Judul: Evaluation of quality and digestibility of cassava peel, rubber seed, copra, cottonseed, and palm kernel meal fermented by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in juvenile of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus.
Abstrak: Feed becomes the most expensive factor in freshwater aquaculture production. It often costs from 45% to 85% of total variable expensis, depending on its intensity of culture operation. The high price is caused by materials which used in this operation. The materials availability still rely on imports such as fish meal, soybean meal, and flour. This makes price of feedstuff is not competitive. Therefore, an alternative local’s feedstuffs which could potentially reduce or even replace imported feedstuff composition in diets is needed. However, the low quality of local’s feedstuffs nutrition make it difficult to developed. This low quality caused by high crude fiber content and the presence of anti-nutritional substances factor, so it needs to be processed first by fermentation methods. This study used five treatments, two factors, and one replicates. Fish used in this study were juvenile of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus which has weight about 16,26±2,43 grams. Diets given at satiation, three times a day. The feedstuffs used are cassava peel, rubber seed, cottonseed, copra, and (Palm Kernel Meal, PKM). The result of this study showed some enhancements in fish content. The fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae can increase fish (test material) protein around 16,85%-31,11%, decrease crude fiber around 2,46%-31,65%, increase protein digestibility around 0,25%-11,7%, increase digestibility of energy around 4,29%-11,17% (except for digestibilty in the cassava peel) and also increase the digestibility of feedstuffs around 1,37%-61,19% in juvenile of nile tilapia O. niloticus.
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Judul: Evaluasi Kualitas dan Kecernaan Kulit Singkong, Biji Karet, Kopra, Biji Kapuk, dan Palm Kernel Meal Difermentasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae pada Juvenil Ikan Nila Oreochromis
Abstrak: Feed becomes the most expensive factor in freshwater aquaculture production. It often costs from 45% to 85% of total variable expensis, depending on its intensity of culture operation. The high price is caused by materials which used in this operation. The materials availability still rely on imports such as fish meal, soybean meal, and flour. This makes price of feedstuff is not competitive. Therefore, an alternative local’s feedstuffs which could potentially reduce or even replace imported feedstuff composition in diets is needed. However, the low quality of local’s feedstuffs nutrition make it difficult to developed. This low quality caused by high crude fiber content and the presence of anti-nutritional substances factor, so it needs to be processed first by fermentation methods. This study used five treatments, two factors, and one replicates. Fish used in this study were juvenile of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus which has weight about 16,26±2,43 grams. Diets given at satiation, three times a day. The feedstuffs used are cassava peel, rubber seed, cottonseed, copra, and (Palm Kernel Meal, PKM). The result of this study showed some enhancements in fish content. The fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae can increase fish (test material) protein around 16,85%-31,11%, decrease crude fiber around 2,46%-31,65%, increase protein digestibility around 0,25%-11,7%, increase digestibility of energy around 4,29%-11,17% (except for digestibilty in the cassava peel) and also increase the digestibility of feedstuffs around 1,37%-61,19% in juvenile of nile tilapia O. niloticus.
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Judul: Invers dari Matriks Tridiagonal Jacobi
Abstrak: Suatu matriks berukuran n×n dinamakan matriks tridiagonal jika untuk . Karya ilmiah ini memberikan algoritma yang mudah untuk menemukan invers ( dari matriks tridiagonal Jacobi yang simetrik dan nonsimetrik. Setiap elemen pada matriks tridiagonal ini adalah bilangan real. Terdapat 3 lema dan 2 teorema untuk menentukan . Lema pertama menunjukkan persamaan utama dalam membuktikan lema-lema dan teorema-teorema selanjutnya. Invers dari matriks yang simetrik dibuktikan oleh lema kedua yang menunjukkan elemen-elemen baris ke- dari . Selanjutnya, lema kedua dilengkapi dengan teorema pertama yang menunjukkan elemen-elemen dengan . Invers dari matriks yang nonsimetrik dibuktikan oleh lema ketiga yang menunjukkan elemen-elemen dengan dan elemen-elemen dengan dibuktikankan oleh teorema kedua.
Keyword: symmetric, nonsymmetric, matrix