Judul: Pengaruh ketebalan dan persen aerasi terhadap karakteristik tempe grits kacang merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) ukuran 8 mesh
Abstrak: One of the commodities that can be used to make tempe is red beans (Phasolus vulgaris L.). Red beans are rich in carbohydrate complex and fiber, but the protein content is lower than soybean. Therefore, process engineering is required to increase protein content and yield of red beans tempe. The raw material used in this research is grits of red beans and starter (mixture of R. oligosporus and R. oryzae (1:1)). Two process parameters studied in this research are aeration area (1%, 2.5%, 4%) and thickness of tempe (1cm, 2cm, 3cm). The result showed that the force to slice tempe decreases as the thickness of tempe increases. The brigthness of red bean tempe is lower than soybean tempe and showing cromatic colors of red and yellow. The yield of red beans grits tempe ranges between 92.11%-96.79 %. Tempe with aeration treatment 4% and thickness 1 cm having the highest protein content (41.13 % db), soluble protein 23.31 g/100 g, and higest protein digestibility 91.26 %. Process engineering (size reduction and aeration level) applied in this research increases protein content and its digestibility because of the increased surface area which eventually maximize the gowth of fungi and hidrolize protein more effectively.
Keyword: yield, tempe, protein, red beans grits, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Pengaruh Jenis Inokulum dan Waktu Inkubasi Terhadap Sifat Fisiko-Kimia Tempe Kacang Merah (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Abstrak: Tempeh is one of Indonesian’s favourite food and it is known as source of protein. Red bean or red kidney bean contains protein in high amount so that it has big potency to be utilized as raw material of tempeh. Mold mycellium that growth covering the beans will form the compact texture and also being the source of protein. This research uses factorial experiment design with two factors: inoculum type and incubation time. The production of red bean tempeh in this reasearch is using four types of inoculum which are Laru A (R.oligosporus), Laru B (R.oryzae), Laru C (R.oligosporus+R.oryzae 1:1), and Laru D (Laru A+Laru B 1:1) On the other hand, the incubation times used for this research are 24, 36, and 48 hours. Parameter which are measured to determine the optimum inoculum type and incubation time for red bean tempeh is protein content, especially soluble protein content. The other parameters are yield, the slicing force, and color. The red bean tempeh production steps are similar with soybean tempeh. Every type of inoculum and incubation time produced red bean tempeh with different physicochemical characteristics. Samples which have similar high protein content with 5% significancy are A48 (40.12%db), C48 (41.15%db), A36 (43.81%db), and B36 (46.05%db). Samples whose similar high soluble protein content are C36 (2.63%db), A36 (2.67%db), A48 (2.94%db), dan C48 (3.00%db) with 5% significancy. Samples with the highest yield are A36 (95.10%), D36 (95.15%), and C36 (97.21%), similiar with yield of 24 hours tempeh. The highest slicing force 198.1 N.mm (A48) while slicing force of soybean temoeh as control is 140.1 N.mm. Samples with similar brightness value with control (78.833%) are A24 (80.575%), A36 (76.740%), B48 (74.110%), and C36 (79.425%). The whole red bean tempeh samples show yellow as their dominant chromatic colour (a value = +0.230 to +6.150 and b value = +5.840 to +19.025).
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), R.oryzae, R.oligosporus, red bean tempeh, protein, incubation time

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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