Judul: Comparison of Development and Morphometry of  Early Cleavage Stage Embryos in BALB/c, and C57BL/6, and DDY Mice
Abstrak: Mencit (Mus musculus) merupakan salah satu hewan model yang penting dalam penelitian biomedis, dengan BALB/c, C57BL/6, dan DDY sebagai galur yang populer digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kecepatan perkembangan dan kualitas embrio berdasarkan profil morfometri dari 351 embrio BALB/c, 290 embrio C57BL/6, dan 243 embrio DDY yang berhasil dikoleksi pada hari kedua setelah pembuahan. Metode penelitian meliputi superovulasi, isolasi dan flushing tuba falopi, serta pencatatan jumlah embrio dan analisis morfometri embrio menggunakan perangkat ImageJ. Hasil analisis tidak menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang signifikan pada kecepatan perkembangan embrio mencit, dengan tingkat fragmentasi dan degenerasi tertinggi diperoleh mencit DDY (41.46%) dan tingkat terendah diperoleh mencit C57BL/6 (8.33%). Perbandingan profil morfometri menunjukkan adanya perbedaan signifikan antar galur, meskipun ditemukan pula konsistensi dalam beberapa parameter yang diamati., Mice (Mus musculus) are one of the most important animal models in biomedical research, with BALB/c, C57BL/6, and DDY as popular strains used in research. This study aims to compare the speed of development and quality of embryos based on morphometric profiles of 351 BALB/c embryos, 290 C57BL/6 embryos, and 243 DDY embryos collected on the second day after fertilization. The research method includes superovulation, isolation and flushing of the fallopian tubes, as well as recording the number of embryos and morphometric analysis of embryos using the ImageJ device. The results of the analysis did not show any significant differences in the speed of embryonic development of mice, with the highest level of fragmentation and degeneration obtained by DDY mice (41.46%) and the lowest level obtained by C57BL/6 mice (8.33%). Comparison of morphometric profiles showed significant differences between strains, although there was also consistency.
Keyword: BALB/c, C57BL/6, DDY, kecepatan perkembangan embrio, morfometri embrio

Judul: Superovulatory Responses Comparison of In Vivo Embryo Production in BALB/c, C57BL/6, and DDY Mice
Abstrak: Superovulasi merupakan prosedur pemberian hormon gonadotropin pada hewan betina dengan tujuan untuk meningkatkan jumlah folikel yang berkembang. Galur mencit dianggap sebagai salah satu faktor penentu keberhasilan serta efisiensi dari superovulasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi responsivitas mencit terhadap prosedur superovulasi berdasarkan jumlah rata-rata embrio yang dihasilkan dengan hormon pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) dan human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) pada mencit dari galur BALB/c, C57BL/6, dan DDY. Mencit disuperovulasikan menggunakan PMSG 5 IU dan hCG 5 IU dan jumlah embrio dibandingkan. Responsivitas superovulasi menunjukkan bahwa persentase keberhasilan untuk masing-masing galur adalah 86% untuk BALB/c, 55% untuk C57BL/6, dan 54% untuk DDY. Jumlah rata-rata embrio tidak berbeda secara signifikan pada ketiga galur. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mencit galur BALB/c lebih responsif terhadap prosedur superovulasi dibandingkan dengan galur C57BL/6 dan DDY, tetapi jumlah rata-rata embrio yang dihasilkan oleh masing-masing galur mencit yang responsif tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan., Superovulation is a procedure of administering gonadotropin hormones to female animals with the aim of increasing the number of follicles that develop. Mouse strain is considered to be one of the determining factors for the success and efficiency of superovulation. This study aims to determine the responsiveness of mice to the superovulation procedure based on the average number of embryos produced with the pregnant mare’s serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) hormones in mice from the BALB/c, C57BL/6 and DDY strains. Mice were superovulated using 5 IU PMSG and 5 IU hCG and the number of embryos collected was compared. Superovulation responsiveness showed a success rate of 86% for BALB/c, 55% for C57BL/6, and 54% for DDY. The average number of embryos did not differ significantly in all three strains. It can be concluded that the BALB/c mice is more responsive to superovulation compared to the C57BL/6 and DDY mice, but the average number of embryos produced by each responsive mouse strain does not have a significant difference.
Keyword: Embrio, mencit, superovulasi, galur, responsivitas

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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