Judul: Daur hidup kupu raja Troides helena Linnaeus. (Lepidoptera : Papilionidae) di penangkaran kupu Cicurug, Sukabumi
Abstrak: Kupu raja (Troides helena) memiliki bentuk dan pola warna yang indah serta memiliki nilai estetika yang tinggi sehingga menjadi perhatian seniman, kolektor, dan hobi. T. helena berperan penting dalam penyerbukan tumbuhan. Saat ini populasi T. helena terancam punah dan merupakan spesies yang dilindungi. Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari perilaku perkawinan, peletakan telur, daur hidup, dan morfologi, T. helena di penangkaran kupu Cicurug, Sukabumi. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan satu pasang induk yang dipelihara dalam kandang berukuran 2m x 2m x 3m. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap perilaku perkawinan, peletakan telur, daur hidup, dan morfologi masing-masing fase. Pemeliharaan induk dan pengamatan dilaksanakan tiga kali. Dari data-data ekologi tersebut, kemudian dibuat tabel kehidupan dan kurva kelangsungan hidup. T. helena termasuk holometabola dengan fase perkembangan telur, larva, prepupa, pupa, dan imago (dewasa). Lama waktu yang diperlukan untuk fase telur, larva, prepupa, pupa, dan imago berturut-turut adalah 8.7, 21.6, 2.3, 25.3, dan 10.3 hari. Total waktu yang diperlukan dalam satu siklus hidup adalah 86.9 hari. Mortalitas terendah sebesar 7% terjadi pada fase larva instar IV sedangkan mortalitas tertinggi sebesar 57% pada fase pupa. Faktor yang menyebabkan kematian pada fase pra-dewasa adalah karena serangan parasitoid dan predator. Berdasarkan kurva ketahanan hidup, penurunan jumlah individu terjadi relatif konstan. Perilaku perkawinan, peletakan telur, dan morfologi masing- masing fase dibahas dalam tulisan ini.
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Judul: Biologi Troides helena helena dan Troides helena hephaestus (Papilionidae) di Penangkaran
Abstrak: Troides helena is one of butterflies favored by collectors due to its large size and beautiful color of its wings. T. helena of Indonesia is protected by laws and recorded in Appendix II CITES. The trade has to be drawn from domestication sites. T. h. helena and T. h. hephaestus are subspecies of T. helena restrictedly distributed in Indonesia. The domestication has to be socialized for conservation of T. helena in Indonesia. The research were aimed to study domestication technique and biology of T. h. helena and T. h. hephaestus. Pupae of T. h. helena were obtained from Cilember (West Java) and T.h. hephaestus were from Bantimurung (South Sulawesi). Both larvae were fed by Aristolochia tagala leaves. Egg, larvae, and pupae were treated at the laboratory and imago were treated in the domestication dome of IPB. Results indicated that domestication was run well. A life cycle of T. h. helena from egg to imago was about 70 days, while T. h. hephaestus was 64 days. Lowest survival of T. h. helena occured at the egg stage, on the other hand, in T. h. hephaestus occured at the stages of pupae and imago. Sex ratio of male to female was 2:3 for T. h. helena and 5:6 for T. h. hephaestus. In average, egg production of T. h. helena and T. h. hephaestus was 100 eggs. Predators (house lizard, lizard, and spider) were one of the limiting factor for butterfly development.
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Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Natrium Alginat untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Composite of chitosan and sodium alginate can be utilized as base material of proton exchange membrane (PEM). The composite membranes were produced by various concentrations of chitosan-sodium alginate, namely 3:3, 3:4, 3:5, 3:6, 4:3, 5:3, and 6:3 (% b/v). The composites were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and were tested for the performance as PEM from the proton conductivity obtained by using impedance spectrometer. The FTIR spectrum indicated the NH3C group at 1637.29 cm-1 and symmetrical COO group at 1253.68 cm-1 indicating interactions between chitosan and sodium alginate. SEM micrographs showed that the composite membrane was nonporous. Composite membrane with 3:5 chitosan-sodium alginate composition had the highest proton conductivity, namely 9.594 × 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane can be applied well in direct methanol fuel cell system.
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