Judul: Isolasi dan karakterisasi cDNA hormon pertumbuhan ikan kerapu bebek (cromileptes altivelis)
Abstrak: Hormon pertumbuhan (GH) merupakan protein 22 kDa pituitari yang terkonservasi akibat evaluasi vertebrata. Hormon pertumbuhan ikan berperan dalam pertumbuhan, adaptasi air laut, reproduksi dan fungsi imun. Kerapu bebek (C.altivelis) adalah salah satu ikan air laut yang mempunyai nilai ekonomis penting.
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Judul: Isolasi dan karakterisasi sekuens parsial cDNA hormon pertumbuhan ikan gurami Osphronemus gouramy
Abstrak: Ikan gurami (Osphronemus gouramy) merupakan jenis ikan konsumsi yang memiliki nilai ekonomis yang tinggi. Namun demikian, pengembangan usaha ikan guranti masih mengalami hambatan yaitu membutuhkan waktu yang relatif lama dalam mencapai ukuran konsumsi. Masalah ini mungkin dapat diatasi dengan menggunakan teknik transgenesis. Tahapan awal yang harus dilakukan yaitu dengan pembuatan konstruksi DNA, salah satu komponen yang harus ada yaitu keberadaan gen target yang akan disisipkan, dalam ha1 ini GH (Growth Hormone) yang berasal dari ikan gurami. Dikarenakan gen GH yang berasal dari ikan gurami belum ada maka tahapan awal dalam mendapatkan gen tersebut adalah dengan isolasi cDNA (coinplementa~d eoxyribonzlcleic acid) GH ikan gurami. cDNA disintesis berdasarkan mRNA (messenger RNA) hasil ekstraksi kelenjar pituitari ikan gurami. mRNA spesifik digunakan sebagai cetakan bagi sintesis enzimatik DNA komplementer dengan menggunakan enzim reverse transkriptase. Selanjutnya cDNA di PCR dengan Primer Frl Forward 5'-RCAYCTBCACCWRHTSGC -3' dan API Reverse 5'-CCATCCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGC- 3'. Produk PCR diligasi ke pGEM-T Easy, transformasi ke bakteri E. coli DHSa, identifikasi transforman, dan sekuensing. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa fragmen cDNA GH parsial ikan gurami mempunyai ukuran 700 bp yang menyandikan 169 asam amino dan mengandung elemen-elemen yang konserf untuk gen GI-I. cDNA GH gurami memiliki kesamaan antara 95%-85% dengan ikan lainnya, dimana kesamaan tertinggi 95% adalah dengan ikan sepat rawa Trichogaster leerii.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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