Judul: Tingkat kemodernan abdi dalem Keraton Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Keraton Yogyakarta merupakan salah satu warisan budaya leluhur yang masih tetap bertahan di masa modern seperti sekarang. Ada peranan penting yang terdapat di Keraton yaitu seorang abdi dalem. Abdi dalem merupakan seseorang yang mengabdi kepada raja dan tidak mengharapkan imbalan namun mereka mencari ketenangan hidup dengan mewujudkan kesetiaan kepada keraton. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kemodernan para abdi dalem keraton Yogyakarta dan menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat kemodernan abdi dalem. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian kuantitatif dan didukung dengan metode penelitian kualitatif. Pada hasil penelitian ini, sebanyak 43.34 persen responden memiliki tingkat kemodernan yang rendah dan 56.66 persen lainnya tinggi. Kemudian, faktor yang mempengaruhi merupakan pendapatan keluarga. Sedangkan lama mengabdi berpengaruh negatif dan yang tidak berpengaruh adalah usia, jenis kelamin, lama menempuh pendidikan formal, lama bekerja diluar Keraton dan jenis pekerjaan., Keraton Yogyakarta is one of the ancestral heritage which still survive in modern times as now. There is an important role that is abdi dalem. Abdi dalem is a person who dedicates to king and doesn’t expect a great rewards but they are looking for peace of life to embody loyalty to the Keraton. This study aims to analyze the level of modernity of the abdi dalem Keraton Yogyakarta and analyze the factors that affect the level of modernity as experienced by the abdi dalem. This study uses quantitative research methods and supported by qualitative research methods. The results of this study show that 43.34 percent of respondents have a low level of modernity and the othe 56.66 percent high. Then, the factors that affect is family income whereas long time dedicate is affect negatively and that no effect is age, gender, level of education, work outside Keraton and the kind of work outside Keraton.
Keyword: abdi dalem, Keraton, tingkat kemodernan, nilai budaya

Judul: Pengaruh Konsep Lanskap Keraton Ngayogyakarta Hadinigrat terhadap Lanskap Kota Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Kota Yogyakarta merupakan kota yang menjadi pusat kebudayaan Jawa dengan adanya Keraton Yogyakarta dan bekas Kerajaan Mataram Islam. Sebagai sebuah kota dengan latar historis kerajaan yang kuat dan legilimasi keraton yang sampai saat ini masih cukup kuat, maka kehidupan keraton mempengaruhi pula kehidupan rakyat Kota Yogyakarta. Keraton dan kawasan kerajaan dibangun berdasarkan konsep-konsep filosofis yang menghasilkan wujud fisik penuh makna dan merupakan cikaI bakaI Kota Yogyakarta. Namun dalam perkembangannya, dengan adanya pengaruh pendatang dan globalisasi, malta banyak terjadi pergeseran nilai dan kebudayaan serta filosofi yang melingkupinya Hal. ini dikhawatirkan akan semakin mengaburkan identitas Kota Yogyakarta.
Keyword: 

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable