Judul: Analisis komunikasi partisipatif dalam program pemberdayaan masyarakat (studi kasus pada implementasi musyawarah dalam PNPM mandiri perdesaan di desa Teluk kecamatan Pemayung Kabupaten Batang Hari)
Abstrak: Pemberdayaan (empowerment) dipandang sebagai jawaban atas pengalaman pembangunan yang didasari oleh kebijakan yang terpusat sejak tahun 1970-an sampai 1990-an. Kealpaan pemerintah untuk memberikan ruang partisipasi yang lebih luas kepada rakyat sebagai end user kebijakan publik pada masa itu telah menyebabkan matinya inovasi dan kreasi rakyat untuk memahami kebutuhannya sendiri. Proses pembangunan terpusat yang tidak partisipatif dan cenderung melupakan kebutuhan rakyat pada level grass root itu telah menyadarkan para pemikir kebijakan publik untuk akhirnya berani mengadopsi konsep pemberdayaan yang dipercayai mampu menjembatani partisipasi rakyat dengan stakeholder lain dalam proses pembangunan. Sebagai sebuah model pembangunan berdimensi pemberdayaan perspektif pemerintah yang relatif baru, penelitian tentang PNPM MPd dengan topik analisis komunikasi partisipatif dalam pemberdayaan masyarakat yang dipengaruhi oleh peran dan kredibilitas fasilitator menjadi menarik dan penting untuk dikaji dengan disiplin ilmu komunikasi pembangunan. Kajian dengan paradigma konstruktivis yang peneliti lakukan ini diharapkan dapat melengkapi dan mempertajam hasil-hasil penelitian sebelumnya dan memperkaya khasanah ilmu pengetahuan.
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Judul: Faktor yang memepengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan perbaikan prasarana jalan (Kasus: Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perdesaan di Desa Megamendung, Bogor)
Abstrak: The objective of this study are to describe the stage of activities in the PNPM Mandiri project of infrastructure improvement, to analyze level of participation, and to determine factors affecting community participation in road infrastructure improvement in Megamendung village. The road infrastructure improvement is expected to provide short-term and long term economic benefit for the poor households. This study using qualitative and quantitative approach with primary and secondary data and a total respondents of 42 men of Paseban hamlet who were involved in road infrastructure improvement activity.The study shows that the internal factors affecting level of community participation are age and level of education, whereas the external factor that is most influencial on community participation is the activity of assistance team. The team’s frequent visit to the site of project greatly affect people’s participation.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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