Judul: Analisis fenomena twin deficit pada negara-negara Asean
Abstrak: Pemerintah suatu negara seringkali menghadapi masalah defisit, baik defisit fiskal maupun defisit transaksi berjalan (current account deficit). Defisit fiskal seringkali terjadi saat pemerintah meningkatkan pelayanan publik kepada rakyatnya atau untuk meningkatkan pembangunan perekonomian sehingga pemerintah dapat bertindak dengan cara meningkatkan pengeluaran pemerintah (government expenditure) atau` menurunkan tingkat pajak (taxes). Defisit perdagangan (current account deficit) terjadi apabila penerimaan pemerintah dari ekspor lebih kecil dibandingkan pengeluaran pemerintah untuk impor, hal ini seringkali terjadi apabila produk domestik kurang memiliki daya saing dibandingkan produk lain di pasar internasional atau karena kurs domestik yang terapresiasi sehingga menurunkan daya saing produk domestik di pasar internasional (Fleegler, 2006).
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Judul: Defisit Fiskal, Defisit Perdagangan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Negara-Negara di Kawasan ASEAN+3
Abstrak: The ambiguity of expansionary fiscal policy raises interest among researchers to explore further about the relationship between fiscal deficit, trade deficit, and economic growth. Several studies on the relationship between fiscal deficit and trade deficit, which also known as twin deficits, have different conclusions in every country. Likewise the impact of fiscal deficits on economic growth. This research aims to comprehensively examine the relationships between those three variables, starting with analyzing the impact of fiscal deficits on the trade deficit and continued by determining both impact of these deficits on economic growth in ASEAN +3 countries. By using a dynamic panel data analysis of the eight countries during 1993-2010, there are three findings i.e. 1) twin deficits hypothesis (TDH) holds only for China, 2) fiscal deficit has a positive impact on growth, and 3) trade deficit has a negative impact on the growth of countries in ASEAN +3.
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Judul: Pemurnian dan karakterisasi protein inhibitor RNA helikase virus hepatitis C
Abstrak: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is the second most common chronic viral infection in the world with global prevalence. This infection is contribution to chronic hepatitis and liver cirrhosis, often leading to hepatocellular carcinoma. There is no effective drug and vaccine available against HCV. The current standard treatment, a combination of pegylated interferon-α with ribavirin, is limited by its suboptimal response rate in a significant patient population, side effects, and affordability. Therefore, development of effective drug is needed. One approach to find out the candidate of antiviral drug is to discover the inhibitor of enzyme that essential for virus replication, such as RNA helicase. Streptomyces chartreusis 5-095 produce the inhibitor of HCV RNA helicase. The aim of this study was to purify the protein inhibitor which has inhibition activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV from S. chartreusis 5-095. The supernatant of culture S. chartreusis 5-095 exhibited high inhibiton activity against ATPase activity of RNA helicase HCV (approximately 72%) at 10 days of incubation. The extracellular protein inhibitor was partially purified by procedures of precipitation with ammonium sulfate to 65% saturation and gel filtration (Sephadex G50) using methanol water solution (4:6) as an eluen. The purity of protein inhibitor was monitored by SDS PAGE. The protein inhibitor showed a relative molecular mass were estimated to be 14 kDa and increased the purity 23,08 fold than those of the crude protein. The specific activity and IC50 after purification were 13,1338 U/mg and 0,0767 mg/mL, respectively. The activity of purified protein inhibitor showed its stability over pH range from 5-8 and optimum at pH 7,4. The inhibition activity showed its stability up to 70% at temperature 100 oC. The purified protein inhibitor relatively stable its activity at storage in the range of -20 oC to room temperature for 35 days.
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