Judul: Uji biologis bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dengan pengolahan ekstrak metanol dan fermentasi menggunakan Rhizopus oryzae serta Trichoderma viride pada ayam broiler
Abstrak: The utilization of Jatropha curcas meal as feedstuff is restricted by anti nutrients such as saponin, protease inhibitor, phytic acid and toxic substances like curcin and phorbolester contained in the Jatropha curcas meal. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the biological value of Jatropha curcas meal treated with methanol extraction and fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viride on broiler chickens. The biological test used twenty broiler chickens of four weeks of age and using after Sibbald method (1980). The treatments were P0 (Jatropha curcas meal without treatment), P1 (extracted Jatropha curcas meal using methanol), P2 (fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Rhizopus oryzae), and P3 (fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Trichoderma viride). Design of this study was completely randomized design, with four treatments and four replications. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and differences among treatments were further tested using Duncan Multiple Range test. The parameters observed were dry matter digestion, nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME), calcium and phosporus absorption. The P1, P2 and P3 treatments highly significantly (P<0.01) reduced the dry matter digestion, AME and phosphorus absorption. The treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced nitrogen retention, however its did not affect the calcium absorption. The values of dry matter digestion were 21.92% (P1), 8.88% (P2) and 21.88% (P3). The values of nitrogen retention were 36.39% (P1), 12.71% (P2) and 40.14% (P3). The values of apparent metabolizable energy were 1299.23 kcal/kg (P1), 1009.62 kcal/kg (P2) dan 1593.72 kcal/kg (P3). The values of calcium absorption were 41.04% (P1), 22,71% (P2) and 64.63% (P3). The values of absorptin phosphorus were -27.26% (P1), -95.4% (P2) and -3.94% (P3). These low values because of crude fiber contained in the treated Jatropha curcas meal. The conclusion of this experiment was Jatropha curcas meal as a single feedstuff of broiler chickens had low dry matter digestion, nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolizable Energy, calcium and phosporus absorption. The usage of treated Jatropha curcas meal should be mixed.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L) Terfermentasi Rhizopus oligosporus dalam Ransum terhadap Performa Broiler
Abstrak: The major problem in broilers industry is feed availability and continuity. Jatropha curcas L meal is one alternative feed of poultry because it contains high crude protein, but it can not be used properly because of curcin and phorbolester contained in the meal that interfence the protein synthesis in the body. The present study was conducted to study the effect of feeding fermented Jatropha curcas L meal in the diet on feed consumption, body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality. The research used 96 Day Old Chicks (DOC) Ross strain which were reared for five weeks. The treatment diets were: R0 (0% fermented Jatropha curcas L meal), R1 (3% fermented Jatropha curcas L meal), R2 (6% fermented Jatropha curcas L meal) and R3 (9% fermented Jatropha curcas L meal). This research used Completely Randomize Design with 4 treatments and 4 replications, each replication contained 6 broilers The data were analysed using Analyses of Variance (ANOVA). The significant results were further tested using Duncan's Multiple Range Test. The research result indicated that feeding fermented Jatropha curcas L in starter and grower-finisher period at the level of 3% (R1), 6% (R2) and 9% (R3) highly significantly reduced (p<0.01) feed consumption, body weight and body weight gain compared to that of control diet (R0). Feed conversion ratio in starter period at the level of 6% (R2) and 9% (R3) highly significantly increased (p<0.01) compared to that of control diet (R0). The mortality of broilers at starter period indicated that feeding Jatropha curcas L at the level 9% (R3) highly significantly increased (p<0.01) mortality compared to that of control (R0). At grower-finisher period indicated that feeding Jatropha curcas at the level 6% (R2) and 9% (R3) highly significantly increased (p<0.01) mortality compared to that of control (R0). Detoxification Jatropha curcas L with fermented using Rhizopus oligosporus has not effective yet to improve the broiler performances. Key words: broilers, jatropha curcas L, performance, rhizopus oligosporus
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Judul: Hubungan Ciri-Ciri Pribadi dan Perilaku Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1979 menetapkan Kepala Desa sebagai pejabat pemerintahan tertinggi didesa. Diantara Kepala Desa terdapat perbedaan-perbedaan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, karena berbedanya ciri - ciri pribadi yang mempengaruhi perilaku kepemimpinan Kepala Desa. Ciri - ciri pribadi adalah suatu ciri atau sifat seseorang yang bersumber dari unsur keturunan (hereditas) dan berkembang sesuai dengan keadaan lingkungannya. Perilaku kepemimpinan adalah tindak-tanduk seseorang dalam mengarahkan,membimbing dan mendorong orang lain agar bertingkah laku sesuai dengan yang dikehendakinya.
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