Judul: Pembuatan Pakan Terapung Terfermentasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae Melalui Proses Non-ekstrusi
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat pakan terapung terfermentasi Saccharomyces cerevsiae melalui proses non-ekstrusi untuk menghasilkan pakan terapung berdasarkan densitas, daya apung, daya larut, tingkat kekerasan dan pellet durability index. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan dan empat kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1: pakan terfermentasi dengan pengeringan udara, P2: pakan terfermentasi dengan pengeringan oven 60ºC dan P3: pakan terfermentasi dengan pengeringan deep frying. Data dianalisa menggunakan ANOVA. Parameter yang diamati terdiri dari densitas, daya apung, daya larut, tingkat kekerasan dan durability index. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (p <0.05) terhadap densitas pakan, daya apung, daya larut dan tingkat kekerasan. Perlakuan paling baik adalah perlakuan pakan terfermentasi dengan pengeringan deep frying dengan densitas yang rendah, daya apung hampir 6 jam dan memiliki daya larut, tingkat kekerasan dan durability index yang baik.
Keyword: fermentasi, kualitas fisik, pakan terapung, pengeringan, Saccharomycess cerevisiae

Judul: Uji Kualitas Fisik Pakan Terapung Terfermentasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae Melalui Proses Non-Ekstrusi dan Deep Frying.
Abstrak: Keberhasilan usaha budidaya ikan sangat ditentukan oleh ketersediaan pakan yang memadai baik kuantitas maupun kualitas, karena pakan merupakan unsur utama dalam pertumbuhan ikan. Namun pakan masih menjadi masalah pada beberapa pembudidaya ikan, karena harganya yang sangat mahal disebabkan biaya pembuatan yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi proses pembuatan pakan ikan melalui proses non-ekstrusi dan deep frying yang mampu menghasilkan pakan terapung yang ekonomis dan berdaya tahan baik. Pakan yang difermentasi menggunakan Saccharomyces cerevisiae yang berasal dari fermipan, mampu mengapung di atas air dengan rata-rata hingga 8 jam ditunjang dengan densitas yang rendah, tingkat kekerasan, daya larut, dan Pellet Durability Index (PDI) yang baik serta kadar air ≤14%. Artinya, pakan terapung ini dapat bersaing dengan pakan terapung buatan pabrik yang tersebar di pasaran dan juga dapat diterapkan pada peternak ikan skala kecil maupun menengah.
Keyword: deep frying, fermentasi, kualitas fisik, pakan terapung, Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite