Judul: Provision of Plant Nutrients with an Infusion System for the Purpose of Water and Nutrient Efficiency in Tomato and Cayenne Pepper Plants
Abstrak: Pemberian unsur hara dengan pemupukan tanah seringkali kurang efisien karena terikat oleh mineral tanah atau terbawa aliran air. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efektifitas pemberian unsur hara menggunakan sistem infus dengan kadar unsur hara yang berbeda berdasarkan respon pertumbuhan dan parameter fisiologis tanaman. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) 2 faktor dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah jenis tanaman yaitu tomat dan cabai rawit, faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi nutrisi (larutan Hoagland) yang terdiri dari 5 taraf yaitu: infus larutan Hoagland full strength (P1), infus half strength (P2), pemupukan pada media tanam menggunakan larutan Hoagland full strength (P3) dan half strength (P4), air murni (kontrol negatif) (P5). Data pengamatan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dilanjutkan Uji Duncan dengan nilai 5%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan aplikasi larutan Hoagland dengan infus cukup efektif dalam menyediakan unsur hara bagi tanaman, walaupun belum tentu dapat menggantikan kebutuhan unsur hara seluruhnya. Parameter pertumbuhan seperti luas daun, berat kering, panjang akar dan diameter pembuluh kayu dipengaruhi perlakuan infus, sementara parameter lain seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan kandungan klorofil memiliki hasil yang kurang efektif. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa tanaman dengan perlakuan infus tidak mengalami kerusakan pada xilem batang, yang berarti aplikasi infus dengan jarum no: 25G dapat diterapkan untuk mengantarkan zat hara ke tanaman, walaupun mungkin diperlukan beberapa penyesuaian untuk memastikan tanaman tidak mengalami stres., Providing nutrients by fertilizing the soil is often less efficient, because it is bound by soil minerals or washed away by running water. This study aimed to analyze the effectiveness of nutrient supply using an infusion system with different nutrient levels based on the growth response and physiological parameters of plants. The experiment was using 2-factor Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 3 replications. The first factor was the type of plant, namely tomatoes and cayenne pepper, the second factor was nutrient concentration (Hoagland's solution) which consisted of 5 levels, i.e.: full strength infusion of Hoagland solution (P1), half strength infusion (P2), as well as direct fertilization in the media using Hoagland's full strength (P3) and half strength solution (P4), pure water (as negative control) (P5). Observational data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by Duncan Test with 5% of value. The results showed that the application of Hoagland's solution by infusion was quite effective in providing nutrients for plants, although it may not be able to replace the entirely nutrients need. Meanwhile, it affected several plant growth parameters such as leaf area, dry weight, root length and xylem vessel diameter while other parameters such as plant height, number of leaves, and chlorophyll content were less effective. The results also showed that the plants that were applied the infusion treatment did not experience any damage in the stem xylem, suggesting that infuse application with needle no: 25G would be applicable to deliver substance to the plant, even though some adjustment may be required to ensure that the plants are not experiencing stress.
Keyword: fertilization, hoagland’s solution, infusion system, nutrient efficiency

Judul: Growth of Water Spinach and Spinach Due to the Application of Inorganic Liquid Fertilizer in the Hydroponic System
Abstrak: Hidroponik adalah salah satu metode alternatif dalam budidaya sayur, metode ini tidak memerlukan area yang luas. Produksi dari hidroponik dapat ditingkatkan dengan pemenuhan nutrisi yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efek penambahan pupuk anorganik cair pada larutan hara AB mix terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman kangkung dan bayam. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok. Perlakuan yang diamati adalah konsentrasi larutan hara yang terdiri dari 3 taraf. Perbandingan air, larutan A, larutan B, dan pupuk cair (v/v) yaitu P0 (kontrol) = 1000:5:5:0, P1 =1000:5:5:5, dan P2 = 1000:5:5:15. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, luas daun, berat segar, berat kering, dilakukan juga uji kualitatif kandungan nitrat daun. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P0 memiliki pertumbuhan tercepat, sedangkan pertumbuhan paling lambat terlihat pada P2. Uji nitrat daun P2 menunjukkan hasil yang negatif. Perlakuan P0 juga memiliki berat segar dan berat kering tanaman yang paling tinggi dibanding dua perlakuan lainnya. Penambahan pupuk anorganik cair tidak dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan pada kangkung dan bayam., Hydroponics is an alternative method in vegetable cultivation, this method does not require a large area. Hydroponics production can be increased with the fulfilment of proper nutrition. This research aimed to analyze the effect of adding liquid inorganic fertilizer to the AB mix nutrient solution on water spinach and spinach growth. This research used a Randomized Block Design. The treatments observed were the concentration of nutrient solution which consisted of 3 levels. The treatments were mixed of water, solution A, solution B, and liquid fertilizer (v/v), namely P0 (control) = 1000:5:5:0, P1 =1000:5:5:5, and P2 = 1000:5:5:15. The parameters observed were plant's height, number of leaves, number of branches, leaves area, leaves nitrate content, and plant fresh and dry weights. The results showed that the P0 treatment had the fastest growth, while the slowest growth was seen in P2. The leaf nitrate test of P2 plants showed negative results. The P0 treatment also had the highest fresh and dry weights per plant compared to the other two treatments. The addition of liquid inorganic fertilizer did not increase the growth of water spinach and spinach.
Keyword: AB mix, hydroponics, liquid inorganic fertilizer, spinach, water spinach

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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