Judul: Effect of Growing Media and Pre-sowing Treatment on Seed  Germination of Java Cardamom (Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton)
Abstrak: Benih kapulaga jawa (Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton) termasuk dalam benih rekalsitran berukuran kecil (<3 g per 100 butir), berkulit keras, dan memerlukan waktu yang lama untuk berkecambah. Percepatan perkecambahan dilakukan menggunakan media perkecambahan yang sesuai dan memberikan perlakuan pendahuluan yang mampu mengurangi faktor penghambat perkecambahan. Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan media perkecambahan dan perlakuan pendahuluan yang efektif mempercepat perkecambahan benih kapulaga jawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan split-plot rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak dengan perlakuan media perkecambahan sebagai petak utama, perlakuan pendahuluan sebagai anak petak, dan tiga kali ulangan. Hitungan pertama evaluasi perkecambahan benih kapulaga jawa ditetapkan pada hari ke-24 setelah tanam dan hitungan kedua pada hari ke-51 setelah tanam. Perlakuan pendahuluan yang diujikan belum mampu mempercepat perkecambahan. Perlakuan media perkecambahan berupa cocopeat merupakan media terbaik dibandingkan dengan media pasir dan media tanam campuran arang sekam : cocopeat : kompos (1:1:1) pada tolok ukur daya berkecambah 80,5%, potensi tumbuh maksimum 90,7%, kecepatan tumbuh 3,11% etmal-1, indeks vigor 35,2%, dan benih segar tidak tumbuh 1,3%. Interaksi antara perlakuan media cocopeat dengan perlakuan pendahuluan perendaman dengan air 50 oC selama 30 menit menghasilkan nilai mean germination time terbaik yaitu 25,0 hari., Java cardamom (Amomum compactum Sol. ex Maton) seed is small recalcitrant seed (< 3 g per 100 grains), hard-coated, and require a long time to germinate. Acceleration of seed germination can be carried out by using appropriate germination media and providing pre-sowing treatment that can reduce germination inhibiting factors. This study aims to obtain appropriate germination media and effective pre-sowing treatments for accelerating germination on java cardamom seed. This study used a split-plot randomized complete block design with media treatment as the main plot, pretreatment as subplots, and three repetitions. The first and second count was determined on the 24th and 51st day after planting. In this study, no pre-sowing treatments were found able to encourage germination, but cocopeat was the best medium compared to sand media and mixed planting media husk charcoal : cocopeat : compost (1:1:1) on the parameters of germination of 80.5%, the maximum growth potential of 90.7%, the growth speed of 3.11% etmal-1, vigor index of 35.2%, and fresh seeds did not grow of 1.3%. The interaction between cocopeat media treatment and pre-sowing treatment with 50 oC water immersion for 30 minutes took the shortest time to germinate, which was 25.0 days.
Keyword: Cocopeat, Dormancy, Nursery, Tetrazolium, Viability

Judul: Pengaruh Pematahan Dormansi Terhadap Kemampuan Perkecambahan Benih Angsana (Pterocarpus Indicus Will)
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. So far, Seedling production of Angsana (Pterocarpus indicus Will) is done by stem cutting. Seedling propagation by seeds is not done widely, as well as its silvicultural system is still not known yet. Seed germination percentage is affected strongly by seed quality (physic, genetic and physiology). The main problem of seed germination of Angsana seeds is seed coat dormancy; therefore it is important to study the breaking dormancy techniques of Angsana seeds. The aim of this research was to study the effects of breaking dormancy treatment to the germination capacity of Angsana seeds. MATERIAL AND METHOD. This research was done from 30 June to 28 Agust 2008 at Green House, the Laboratory of Silviculture, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The material and equipment used in this experiment consisted of Angsana seeds, hot water, H2SO4, KNO3, water from fermented bamboo shoots (Gigantochloa apus Kurz), rice hull charcoal, subsoil, germination boxes, soaking bath, watering equipment, analytical balance, stationary, ruler, calliper, and digital camera. The research procedures consisted of several steps; those were seed extraction and selection, seed water content measurement, breaking dormancy treatments, germination, maintenance, observation, and data collection and analysis. The experimental design in this research was completely randomised design which consisted of 6 soaking treatments, those were soaking in hot water for 30 minutes followed by soaking in cold water for 12 hours (B0), soaking in the fermented bamboo shoot liquid for 12 hours (B1), soaking in H2SO4 1% for 10 minutes (B2), soaking in H2SO4 1 % for 15 minutes (B3), soaking in KNO3 1 % for 12 hours (B4) and soaking in KNO3 for 24 hours (B5). Each experiment unit was replicated in three replicates. The observed parameters consisted of germination capacity, germination value, speed of germination, germination rate, germination time at 80%, high and diameter of transplanted seedlings. The collected data was analysed using F test followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT). RESULTS AND CONCLUSSION. Angsana seeds had embryonic and seed coat dormancies. Based the results of F test and Duncan test showed that soaking in H2SO4 1% for 10 minutes and in KNO3 1 % for 24 hours could break those dormancies. It was indicated by it high germination percentage (100 %), and other values such as germination value (1,13% to 1.05% normal germinants/day2), germination speed (1, 41 %/day), germination rate (19,32 – 18,59 day), germination time at 80% (25 day), seedlings height (1,53 cm) , and diameter growth (1,06 mm to 1,1 mm) respectively. Key word: Angsana, Pterocarpus indicus Will, Dormancy.
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix