Judul: Estimasi Kerugian Ekonomi Akibat Pencemaran Limbah Ternak dan Evaluasi Proyek Biogas di Desa Suntenjaya, Lembang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Suntenjaya Village which is located in headwaters of Cikapundung River. Most of its population as cow farmer, from 632 cow farmers in Suntenjaya Village just 100 cow farmers who use biogas, rest of them still waste their poultry’s waste to Cikapundung River. The research was aimed to estimate the economic losses caused by poultry’s waste in Suntenjaya Village, to evaluate the feasibility of biogas project in Suntenjaya Village and identify factors that affect revenue from biogas project, also to identify environmental and economic impacts from biogas. The total losses economic value was analyzed by replacement cost methods. The Result shows that biogas project is feasible to be developed. Variables that have significant influence of the biogas project are number of cattle and education. Economic impact of biogas from employment was 1.96%, furthermore fuel cost savings of biogas was Rp 1 406 160. Environmental impact show that mostly of cow farmer agree that biogas development project give positive impacts to enviroment
Keyword: financial feasibility evaluation, replacement cost, biogas

Judul: Dampak ekonomi sosial dan Lingkungan pemanfaatan limbah ternak sapi perah di Kampung Areng Desa Cibodas Kecamatan Lembang Kabupaten Bandung Barat
Abstrak: Indonesia has great beef cattle population potentially cause pollution from livestock waste. Utilization of livestock waste into biogas as an alternative energy is a solution. This study analyzed the perception of the respondents about the use of livestock waste into biogas, analyzed the factors that influence the decision of breeders in use livestock waste into biogas, to analyze the changes of energy consumption before and after the use of biogas and energy consumption cost difference between the farmers types I and II, and analyzed the impact of social and environment from the use livestock waste into biogas. The research results show that the majority of respondents have that utilization of livestock waste into biogas have direct and indirect benefit for breeders and community around location. Significant factors that influence th breeders decision to use biogas is long of cattle business, the number of livestock, the level of education , and the participation of the group of cattle. The results showed that the rate of dairy cattle business income type I is higher than type II with the the total value income of Rp 200.970 /month . The difference in the cost of energy consumption between the two types of cattle business Rp 22.050. The social and environment impact from the utilization of livestock waste into biogas are improve cultural cooperation communities, improve the performance of the group of cattle, changes in environmental conditions around the cage cleaner, and reduced air pollution due to a heap of livestock waste.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, the impact of economicsocial and environment, logistic regression, livestock waste, biogas

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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