Judul: Analisis biaya pembuatan lapisan pengerasan jalan hutan (Studi kasus di BPKH Sindang Barang, KPH Cianjur Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisa biaya pembuatan lapisan pengerasan jalan hutan di lapangan yang disesuaikan dengan nilai pada pada saat penelitian dilaksanakan, mengetahui konstruksi lapisan pengerasan di lapangan, persentase komponen biaya faktor produksi terhadap biaya total dan biaya lapisan pengerasan yang dibebankan pada setiap m3 kayu yang akan melewati jalan yang dibuat.
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Judul: Analisis biaya pembuatan jalan sogokan dengan Truck loader (Studi kasus di BKPH Tanggeung, KPH Cianjur, Perum Perhutani Unit III, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Kayu sebagai hasil hutan Ulama, baru bermanfaat secara nyata apabila dapat dikeluarkan dari hutan, dilakukan pengolahan lebih lanjut atau dijual kepada konsumen. Rangkaian kegiatan untuk pengeluaran kayu dari hutan disebut pemanenan hasil hutan. Dalam pemanenan hasil hutan di Perum Perhutani, selain aspek teknis juga perlu mempertimbangkan aspek ekonomis, sosiai dan ekologis. Kegiatan pengeluaran kayu tersebut memerlukan prasarana pengangkutan kayu, dimana salah satunya adalah jalan sogokan. Jalan sogokan yaitu jaringan jalan yang dibuat dalam petak tebangan untuk efisiensi biaya dan waktu pengangkutan kayu.
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Judul: Induction of Gonad Maturation, Ovulation and Spawn in Torsoro (Tor soro) used Hormon Combination
Abstrak: Torsoro fish populations continue to decline due to overfishing and habitat destruction on the natural environment. Artificial breeding of fish has to do with hormonal stimulation, but the results are not optimal. The purpose of this study was to manipulate the reproduction of fish Torsoro through induction of gonadal maturation, ovulation, and spawning to increase the success of artificial breeding. Research on the induction of gonadal maturation performed by Oodev.Oodev containing PMSG and antidopamin that functions as a hormone regulator that works to stimulate the target organs (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal) for the initial development of the gonads. Induction of final maturation (final maturation) and spawning is done by using some hormones and their combinations; sGnRH (D-Arg6, Trp7, Leu8, Pro9Net)-LH-RH and 10 mg of domperidone (ovaprim), aromatase inhibitors and oytocin. Females Torsoro size 750-800 grams / fish, injected with oodev 0 ml, 0.5 ml oodev, oodev 1 ml, 1.5 ml oodev for induction of maturation. Fish injected every week for 5 weeks. Furthermore, female of Torsoro which is maturating gonads were injected with a combination of hormones that is ovaprim 0.5 ml / kg of fish, ovaprim 0.25 ml / kg of fish + HCG 500 IU / kg fish, ovaprim 0.25 ml / kg + 0.25 mg AI / kg; AI 0.50 mg / kg + 0.5 IU oxytocin (spawnprim) for final gonadal maturation and spawning of fish. The results showed that the injection of 1 ml Oodev give the best results in inducing gonadal maturation among other treatments. Injection with 1 ml oodev can induce the fish to mature gonads as much as 60%, with higher levels of estradiol-17ß as much as 102.12 ± 21.6 ng / ml, egg diameter of 3 mm. The best results showed that ovulation induction treatment combination of AI 0.50 mg/kg + 0.5 IU oxytocin (spawnprime) has a latency period of the fastest in stimulating ovulation 17.5 ± 0.52 h; fertilization rate of 96.60 ± 0.12%; hatching rate 81.05 ± 0.19%, and the survival rate of larvae reached 98.88 ± 0.41%. The results indicate that AI 0.50 mg / kg + 0.5 IU oxytocin (spawnprime) is the best hormone combination in inducing ovulation and spawning to semi-natural (spawning without stripping) on Torsoro. Induction of maturation of the gonads can be done by injecting Torsoro with Oodev that can induce axis hypothalamus-pituitary-gonads for vitellogenesis process through increased plasma estradiol that causes gonadal maturation in female fish. whereas, Spawnprim able to induce more effective for the final maturation of the gonads, which includes ovulation and spawning and reproductive performance are better than the results obtained ovaprim. Spawnprim also able to induce spawning reflex so that the fish can spawn with a semi-natural way (without stripping). The success in the induction of maturation by using Oodev, and also in the induction of ovulation and spawning by using Spawnprim, provide great opportunities to increase production of seed in artificial breeding Torsoro.
Keyword: maturation, ovulation, spawnprime, Torsoro