Judul: The effectiveness of providing turmeric flour (Curcuma longa) through feed on cannibalism of catfish (Clarias gariepinus)
Abstrak: Ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus.) merupakan komoditas ikan air tawar yang banyak dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Permintaan ikan lele oleh konsumen mengalami peningkatan setiap tahunnya, namun permintaan tersebut masih belum terpenuhi akibat produksi ikan lele yang menurun. Kematian ikan lele disebabkan oleh beberapa hal, salah satunya adalah kematian yang disebabkan oleh kanibalisme. Pengendalian kanibalisme dapat dilakukan dengan pendekatan hormonal menggunakan hormon estrogen alamiah. Kunyit merupakan salah satu tanaman yang mengandung fitoestrogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dosis penambahan tepung kunyit melalui pakan terhadap kejadian kanibalisme pada benih ikan lele. Penelitian terdiri atas tiga perlakuan dengan tiga pengulangan yang meliputi perlakuan kontrol (tanpa penambahan tepung kunyit), perlakuan penambahan tepung kunyit 15 gr dan 30 gr. Penelitian menggunakan benih ikan lele berukuran 6 cm dengan bobot 3 gram. Benih ikan lele dipelihara dengan padat tebar 300 ekor.m−2 di akuarium berukuran (50x35x40 cm) selama 30 hari masa pemeliharaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tepung kunyit mampu menekan kanibalisme tipe-I dan tipe-II, serta dapat meningkatkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup dibandingkandengan perlakuan kontrol (p<0,05). Pada kinerja pertumbuhan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang berbeda nyata antara perlakuan penambahan tepung kunyit dan perlakuan kontrol., Catfish (Clarias gariepinus.) is a freshwater commodity that is widely consumed by the Indonesian people. Catfish demand by consumers to experience an increase every year, but the request has still not been fulfilled due to declining catfish production. The death of catfish is caused by several things, one of which is death caused by cannibalism. Cannibalism can be done with hormonal approaches using natural hormone estrogen. Turmeric is one of a plant that contain phytoestrogen. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of doses of turmeric flour through feed on cannibalism in catfish seeds. Research consists of three treatments with three repetitions that include control treatment (without addition of turmeric flour), treatment of adding 15 gr, and 30 gr. The study used catfish seed sizing 6 cm for 3 gr of weight. Catfish seeds are maintained by solid 300 tail.m−2 in aquarium (50x35x40 cm) for 30 days of maintenance. The result of research showed that the addition of turmeric flour was able to suppress type-I cannibalism and type-II cannibalism, with increasing survival rates compared to control treatment (p<0,05). In growth performance,it does not have a different effect between the treatment of adding turmeric flour and control treatments
Keyword: Kanibalisme, Ikan lele, Kunyit

Judul: Efektivitas dan  Efisiensi Penggunaan Tepung Kedelai dalam Pengendalian Kanibalisme Benih  Ikan Lele (Clarias sp.) pada Skala Lapang
Abstrak: Ikan lele (Clarias sp.) merupakan ikan primadona perairan tawar yang setiap tahun mengalamani peningkatan baik produksi dan permintaan konsumen. Tetapi, terdapat kendala yaitu tingginya kematian akibat kanibalisme. Untuk mengatasi dilakukan pendekatan terapi hormon menggunakan tepung kedelai dalam mengendalikan kanibalisme. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis tepung kedelai yang efektif dan efisien dalam pengendalian kanibalisme benih ikan lele pada skala lapang. Terdapat empat perlakuan dengan satu kali ulangan dalam penelitian ini, mencakup penambahan tepung kedelai dalam pakan dengan dosis berbeda yaitu 50 g kg-1, 100 g kg-1, dan 150 g kg-1 pakan serta perlakuan kontrol tanpa penambahan tepung kedelai. Benih ikan lele yang digunakan memiliki panjang rata-rata 5,43 ± 0,29 cm/ekor dengan bobot 1,69 ± 0,28 g/ekor. Ikan lele dipelihara dalam kolam beton dengan kepadatan 1000 ekor/kolam dengan ukuran 2 x 1 x 0,5 m selama 30 hari masa pemeliharaan, pemberian pakan dilakukan secara restricted sebanyak 5% dari biomassa ikan dengan frekuensi pemberian pakan 3 kali sehari. Hasil penelitian menyatakan penambahan tepung kedelai 50 – 150 g kg-1 pakan dapat menurunkan tingkat kanibalisme benih ikan lele pada ukuran rata-rata 5,43 ± 0.28 cm/ekor. Dosis terbaik penambahan tepung kedelai adalah 100 g kg-1 pakan dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 72,5% dan keuntungan Rp. 133.300/725 ekor., Catfish (Clarias sp.) is a favorite freshwater fish that experiences an increase in both production and consumer demand every year. However, there is an obstacle, namely the high number of deaths due to cannibalism. To overcome this, a hormone therapy approach was used using soybean flour to control cannibalism. This research aims to determine the effective and efficient dose of soybean flour in controlling cannibalism of catfish seeds on a field scale. There were four treatments with one replication in this study, including the addition of soy flour to the feed at different doses, namely 50 g kg-1, 100 g kg-1, and 150 g kg-1 feed as well as a control treatment without the addition of soy flour. The catfish seeds used had an average length of 5.43 ± 0.29 cm/fish with a weight of 1.69 ± 0.28 g/fish. Catfish are kept in concrete ponds with a density of 1000 fish/pond with dimensions of 2 x 1 x 0.5 m for a 30 day rearing period, feeding is restricted to 5% of the fish biomass with a feeding frequency of 3 times a day. The results of the study stated that the addition of soybean flour 50 – 150 g kg-1 feed could reduce the level of cannibalism of catfish fry at an average size of 5.43 ± 0.28 cm/fish. The best dose for adding soy flour is 100 g kg-1 feed with a survival rate of 72.5% and a profit of IDR. 133,300/725 fish.
Keyword: cannibalism, cannibalism control, catfish (Clarias sp.), doses, soybean flour

Judul: Kajian Atmosfer Bawah Wilayah Tropis dan Subtropis
Abstrak: Planetary Boundary Layer is the lowest part of the atmosphere directly affected by the earth’s surface and responds to surface forcings within a time period of hourly to daily. The thickness of boundary layer varies over space and time, ranging from hundreds of meters to a few kilometers. The objective of this study consist of the analysis of Boundary Layer based on diurnal and nocturnal vertical profiles of meteorological properties and identification of characteristics pertaining to tropical atmosphere (represented by Soekarno-Hatta (6.110S, 106.650E), Polonia (3.560N, 98.680E), and Da Nang (16.030N, 108.200E) stations) and subtropical atmosphere (represented by Perth (31.930S, 115.960E), Nanjing (32.000N, 118.800E), and Hakasskaja (43.780N, 87.620E) stations). Virtual potential temperature, specific humidity, wind speed and direction, atmospheric stability, and Bulk-Richardson number are used to estimate the boundary layer thickness. Vertical profile of the virtual potential temperature and specific humidity are used to determine the Mixed Layer heights during the day and Residual Layer heights during the night. On the other hand, the mean value of Turbulent Flow Thickness is derived from the vertical profile of the Bulk-Richardson number (RiB). Analytical results of this study revealed that Mixed Layer height in the tropical atmosphere varies in a range from 260 m to 1410 m, Residual Layer height varies in a range from 267 m to 925 m, whereas the Turbulent Flow Thickness variation is confined between 0 m to 335 m. In subtropical atmosphere Mixed Layer height varies in a range from 101 m to 1483 m, Residual Layer height varies in a range from 121 m to 1276 m, whereas the Turbulent Flow Thickness variation is confined between 0 m to 769 m. This study also revealed that, except during summer, Mixed Layer Heights in the tropics are normally higher than in the subtropics.
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