Judul: Penapisan Fitokimia, Antioksidan, dan Antifungal Endofit yang Berasosiasi dengan Pohon Penghasil Gaharu (Aquilaria malacensis dan A. microcarpa).
Abstrak: Endofit merupakan fungi yang sepanjang hidupnya berasosiasi di dalam jaringan tumbuhan dan dapat menghasilkan senyawa yang mirip dengan yang dihasilkan pohon inang. Sebanyak 3 isolat fungi dari Aquilaria malacensis dan 12 isolat fungi dari A. microcarpa yang telah diisolasi ditumbuhkan pada 3 media yang berbeda, yaitu PDA (potato dextrose agar), MYGA (malt yeast glucose agar), dan MYGPA (malt yeast glucose peptone agar). Selanjutnya, fungi dibiakkan di media cairnya, kemudian diekstraksi menggunakan etil asetat. Ekstrak etil asetat yang sudah dipekatkan selanjutnya diuji fitokimia, antioksidan, dan antifungal. Uji fitokimia yang diperoleh menunjukkan beragamnya kandungan senyawa golongan fenol, terpenoid, dan steroid pada isolat fungi. Sebanyak 3 isolat menunjukkan aktivitas sebagai antioksidan dengan nilai IC50 paling rendah, yaitu 61 ppm. Aktivitas antifungal menunjukkan semua isolat dapat menghambat pertumbuhan fungi patogen Fusarium solani dengan kisaran persen penghambatan 9−70%.
Keyword: antifungal, antioksidan, fitokimia, fungi endofit

Judul: Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Fungi Endofit Aquilaria crassna Tanaman Penghasil Gaharu.
Abstrak: Tingginya permintaan produk gaharu sebagai obat-obatan terutama sebagai antioksidan menyebabkan permintaan pasar terhadap gaharu semakin tinggi. Hal ini mengakibatkan eksploitasi tanaman penghasil gaharu sehingga terjadinya kepunahan dan kelangkaan terhadap tanaman penghasil gaharu, terutama pada jenis Aquilaria spp. Fungi endofit diharapkan menjadi alternatif karena mampu menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang mirip dengan inangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan ekstrak teraktif antioksidan dari dua isolat fungi endofit tanaman penghasil gaharu Aquilaria crassna. Ekstrak etil asetat kasar difraksinasi menggunakan ekstraksi cair-cair dan diperoleh 4 fraksi, yaitu fraksi n-heksana, fraksi klorofom, fraksi etil asetat, dan residu (fraksi metanol). Hasil ekstak fraksinasi didapatkan isolat P1B1C dengan ekstrak n-heksana merupakan isolat dengan potensi antioksidan kuat dengan IC50 sebesar 79.86 μg/mL dengan total fenol sebesar 23.32 mg Ekuivalen Asam Galat (EAG)/g sampel dan total flavonoid sebesar 604.51 mg Ekuivalen Kuersetin (EK)/g sampel dan P2CK1B dengan ekstrak metanol dengan potensi antioksidan sedang dengan IC50 sebesar 113.98 μg/mL dengan total fenol sebesar 49.60 mg Ekuivalen Asam Galat (EAG)/g sampel dan total flavonoid sebesar 78.63 mg Ekuivalen Kuersetin (EK)/g sampel. Besarnya total fenol dan flavonoid berkorelasi dengan tingginya aktivitas antioksidan pada ekstrak.
Keyword: Antioksidan, Aquilaria crassna, fungi endofit, total fenol, total flavonoid

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm