Judul: Analisis pola konsumsi buah impor pada rumah tangga berpendapatan tinggi di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Buah-buahan telah menjadi komoditas perdagangan internasional sebagai produk impor dan ekspor. Negara pengekspor buah adalah negara-negara Uni Eropa, Amerika Serikat, Afrika Selatan, Turki, Australia, China dan lain-lain. Negara pengimpor buah terbesar adalah negara - negara Uni Eropa, Amerika Serikat, bekas Federasi Republik Rusia, Jepang dan Negara-negara di Afrika, Amerika Latin dan lain-lain. Indonesia sendiri pada tahun 2000 telah mengimpor buah-buahan sebesar 246.719 ton atau 0,6 persen dari total impor dunia. Dalam era perdagangan bebas, perdagangan intemasional buah-buahan ini juga membuka peluang peningkatan usaha agribisnis buah, baik dalam skala kecil, menengah, maupun besar. Namun di sisi lain, persaingan yang dihadapi akan semakin berat. Oleh karena itu, dalam upaya memenangkan persaingan ini hanya ada satu pilihan, yaitu peningkatan daya saing melalui peningkatan mutu, produktivitas, dan efisiensi usaha dengan memperhatikan aspek keamanan pangan dan kelestarian lingkungan hidup.
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Judul: Analisis Preferensi Konsumen dan Pilihan Usaha Pedagang Pengecer terhadap Buah Lokal dan Buah Impor (Studi Kasus di Kotamadya Bogor)
Abstrak: Belum terpenuhinya angka kecukupan konsumsi buah di Indonesia mencerminkan adanya potensi dasar domestik untuk buah. Peluang pasar ini diisi oleh buah lokal dan buah impor. Dengan semakin bebasnya perdagangan dunia pada saat ini impor buah ke Indonesia sudah tidak bisa dibendung lagi. Konsumen dan pedagang pengecer buah semakin bebas dalam memilih buah.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm