Judul: Evaluasi Program Pemberdayaan Anak Jalanan: Proyek Pembinaan Mental/Spiritual dan Material
Abstrak: Krisis berkepanjangan yang berawal dari krisis ekonomi telah menimbulkan krisis pada diiumensi kehidupan. Sebagai akibatnya kuantitas dan kualitas masalah sosial cenderung meningkat, contohnya masalah anak jalanan. Anak jalanan merupakan kelompok yang banyak menghadapi masalah menyangkut masalah pribadi sehari-hari di jalanan, perkawanan, pekerjaan dan lain-lain. Disamping itu kehidupan anak jalanan sering pula dianggap negatif dan kehadiran mereka dipandang sebagai permasalahan sosial masyarakat kota. Dalam mengatasi permasalahan di atas maka lahirlah program pemberdayaan anak jalanan yang terdiri dari proyek pembinaan mental spiritual dan material yang dilaksanakan oleh yayasan Gessang Ghosiaary di Kotamadya Bogor pada tahun 1999.
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Judul: Penilaian anak jalanan terhadap pelayanan rumah singgah dan hubungannya dengan perilaku mereka
Abstrak: Krisis moneter yang berlangsung di Indonesia sejak pertengahan tahun 1997 telah memporak-porandakan seluruh aspek kehidupan bangsa terutama sendi-sendi perekonomian bangsa. Kemiskinan akibat krisis ekonomi yang berkepanjangan diyakini juga telah mengakibatkan meningkatnya eksploitasi terhadap anak. Fenomena ini terutama terjadi di daerah urban dan menyebabkan munculnya anak jalanan. Upaya untuk mewujudkan perlindungan dan kesejahteraan anak jalanan dengan memenuhi hak-haknya yang dirumuskan di dalam UU No.4 tahun 1979 tentang Kesejahteraan Anak dan UU No.23 Tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak. Realisasi dari peraturan negara ini adalah dengan dilaksanakannya rumah singgah untuk anak jalanan. Rumah singgah adalah suatu wahana yang dipersiapkan sebagai perantara antara anak jalanan dengan pihak-pihak yang akan membantu mereka. Rumah singgah memiliki beberapa fungsi, yaitu sebagai tempat pertemuan, pusat asesmen dan rujukan, fasilitator, rehabilitasi-kuratif, perlindungan, pusat informasi, akses terhadap pelayanan sosial, dan resosialisasi.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua