Judul: Beberapa Faktor Yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Tingkat Pendidikan Yang Di Tamatkan Oleh Anak Usia 7-29 Tahun di Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menguji adanya pengaruh atau hubungan; 1. Antara pendidikan anak (P), daerah tempat tinggal (D), sumber penghasilan utama rumah tangga (S), dan penda- patan rumah tangga (H) 2. Antara pendidikan anak (P), daerah tempat tinggal (D), sumber penghasilan utama rumah tangga (S), dan pendi- dikan kepala rumah tangga (K). Pendidikan yang ditamatkan oleh anak dibagi lima tingkatan yaitu, tidak tamat SD; SD; SLP; SLA; dan SLA ke atas, dan untuk pendidikan kepala rumah tangga ditambah satu tingkatan sebagai jenjang yang terendah yaitu, tidak sekolah. Pendapatan rumah tangga per bulan dibagi lima tingkatan yaitu, 0-24.93 25-49.9; 50-99.9; 100-199.9; dan 200 ke atas (dalam ribuan rupiah). Sumber penghasilan -rumah tangga hanya dibedakan menjadi dua katagori yaitu, pertanian dan non pertanian, dan daerah tempat tinggal adalah daerah kota dan pedesaan. Hubungan peubah-peubah yang akan di uji, dituangkan dalam tabel kontingensi empat arah, kemudian dianalisa ...
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Judul: Dampak Pendidikan terhadap Kemiskinan Kepala Rumah Tangga di Indonesia
Abstrak: Pendidikan memiliki hubungan dengan konsumsi per kapita. Artinya, semakin tinggi pendidikan kepala keluarga, semakin tinggi juga konsumsi per kapita. Karakteristik kepala keluarga juga berpengaruh dengan tingkat konsumsi per kapita yang dapat menggambarkan kondisi kemiskinan dan taraf hidup seseorang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak pendidikan terhadap kemiskinan yang diukur melalui konsumsi rumah tangga Indonesia Bagian Barat tahun 2014. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Persamaan Simultan dengan estimasinya adalah Two Stage Least Square (2SLS). Data diperoleh dari IFLS (Indonesia Family Life Survey) 5 menggunakan data cross section yang berisi data survei rumah tangga di Kawasan Indonesia Bagian Barat tahun 2014. Hasil analisis ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang memengaruhi antara pendidikan dan variabel independen lainnya terhadap kemiskinan. Variabel independen yang memengaruhi kemiskinan secara signifikan adalah lamanya sekolah kepala keluarga, umur, umur kuadrat dan status pernikahan.
Keyword: IFLS 5, 2 SLS, pendidikan, konsumsi per kapita, rumah tangga, cross section, kemiskinan

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable