Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologi Salami dengan Kombinasi Kultur Starter Bakteri Asam Laktat yang Berpotensi Sebagai Probiotik.
Abstrak: Salami merupakan produk inovasi teknologi pengolahan daging melalui fermentasi dengan penambahan bakteri asam laktat sebagai kultur starter. Bakteri asam laktat dapat mengubah karbohidrat menjadi asam laktat. Produksi asam laktat oleh kultur starter dapat mengakibatkan penurunan pH dan aktivitas air (aw) produk. Nilai pH dan aw yang rendah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri perusak dan patogen dalam produk, sehingga umur simpan produk menjadi lebih panjang. Penggunaan kultur starter bakteri asam laktat yang berpotensi sebagai probiotik diharapkan dapat memberikan efek yang positif bagi saluran pencernaan. Bakteri asam laktat yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan bakteri yang mampu bertahan hidup pada kondisi pH 2, 2,5, 3,2 dan 7,2 serta kondisi garam empedu 0,5% dan 0,3%, yaitu bakteri asam laktat Lactobacillus spp 1A5, L. fermentum 2B4 dan L. fermentum 2B2. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas mikrobiologi salami berdasarkan kombinasi kultur starter. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Februari hingga Agustus 2008 di Bagian Ruminansia Besar dan di bagian Ilmu Produksi Ternak Perah, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor.
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Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologis  Salami Probiotik yang Difermentasi oleh Kombinasi  Kultur  Lactobacillus sp  1A5 dan  Lactobacillus fermentum 2B2 Selama Penyimpanan Dingin
Abstrak: Probiotic Salami is one of functional foods which is made from meat, it is fermented by starter culture of lactic acid bacteria. The lactic acid bacteria were used as starter has potential as probiotic. The probiotic bacteria will guard microflora balancing in our gastrointestinal. The aim of this research was to evaluate microbiological quality of probiotic salami produced from mixed culture of Lactobacillus sp 1A5 dan Lactobacillus fermentum 2B2. The randomized complete design with three times replication was used as experimental design. The treatments were storage at low temperature 10o ± 2o C for 0-day after conditioning process, 10- day, 20-day, and 30 day. The variables were total lactic acid bacteria, total plate count, quantitative of Staphylococcus aureus, quantitative of Escherichia coli. The result of this research showed that the decreasing quantitative of Staphylococcus aureus and quantitative of Escherichia coli were not significantly (P > 0,05) effected during cold storage. There was significant decreasing (P < 0,05) from total lactic acid bacteria and total plate count during cold storage. The significant effect of the total lactic acid bacteria occurred at 20-day and total plate count were at 30-day. Keywords : Salami, probiotic, storage, microbiological
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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