Judul: Cost Optimization on Athletes' Food Menu Scheduling using Goal Programming
Abstrak: Penjadwalan menu makanan atlet dengan optimalisasi biaya merupakan bentuk alokasi makanan yang bertujuan mengoptimalkan performa atlet dan mengoptimalkan biaya yang dibutuhkan untuk menjadwalkan menu makanan atlet setiap hari. Hal terpenting dalam menjadwalkan menu makanan seorang atlet adalah periodisasi gizi. Periodisasi ini sangat berguna untuk mendukung program pelatihan fisik yang memerlukan perencanaan, seperti asupan zat gizi makro dan mikro harian atlet yang disesuaikan berdasarkan jenis latihan dan komposisi tubuh. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menjadwalkan menu makanan atlet untuk memenuhi kebutuhan zat gizi makro dan mikro harian atlet. Pada penelitian ini, metode goal programming digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan biaya dalam penjadwalan menu makanan atlet. Variabel deviasi dalam goal programming mengukur kekurangan atau kelebihan nilai suatu variabel dari batas idealnya. Implementasi model pada penelitian ini menggunakan software LINGO 19.0. Dari hasil implementasi diperoleh berat dan jenis makanan yang dipilih untuk dikonsumsi atlet setiap hari yang memenuhi kebutuhan gizi dengan kelebihan biaya sesedikit mungkin., Cost Optimization on Athletes' Food Menu Scheduling using Goal Programming. Supervised by FARIDA HANUM and TONI BAKHTIAR. Scheduling the athlete's food menu with cost optimization is a form of food allocation that aims to optimize the athlete's performance and optimize the costs needed to schedule the athlete's diet every day. The most important thing in scheduling an athlete's diet is nutritional periodization. This periodization is very useful to support physical training programs that require planning, such as the athlete's daily intake of macro and micro nutrients that are adjusted based on the type of exercise and body composition. Therefore, this study aims to schedule the athlete's diet to meet the athletes' daily macro and micronutrient needs. In this study, the goal programming method was used to optimize costs in scheduling athletes' food menus. Variable deviation in goal programming measures the lack or excess of the value of a variable from its ideal limit. The implementation of the model in this study uses the LINGO 19.0 software. From the results of the implementation, it is found that the weight and type of food chosen for athletes to consume every day that meets nutritional needs with as little excess cost as possible.
Keyword: athlete, cost optimization, food menu, goal programming, scheduling

Judul: Cost Optimization in Obesity Meal Scheduling Using Integer Nonlinear Programming
Abstrak: Penjadwalan menu makanan penderita obesitas merupakan masalah yang sering dihadapi oleh banyak orang. Penjadwalan ini perlu memperhatikan beberapa hal seperti, jumlah energi yang masuk, kebutuhan makronutrisi, kebutuhan mikronutrisi, dan keseimbangan asupan makanan. Dalam penelitian ini disusun model penjadwalan makanan dengan prinsip defisit kalori yang dilakukan dengan mengatur pola makan dengan cara membatasi jumlah asupan kalori harian. Penderita obesitas dalam penelitian ini diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 kelompok, yaitu obesitas ringan dewasa laki-laki, obesitas ringan dewasa perempuan, obesitas berat dewasa laki-laki, dan obesitas berat dewasa perempuan. Masalah ini dimodelkan dalam bentuk integer nonlinear programming dengan tujuan meminimumkan biaya makan per hari. Dari hasil implementasi model, diperoleh 4 hari penjadwalan menu makanan untuk penderita obesitas dan 5 kali waktu makan dengan biaya paling minimum yang memenuhi kendala-kendala dalam penjadwalan menu diet obesitas untuk orang dewasa menggunakan metode defisit kalori., Meal scheduling for obese people is an important matter. This scheduling needs to pay attention to several things, such as the amount of incoming energy, macronutrient needs, micronutrient needs, and the balance of meal intake. In this study, we developed a food scheduling model with the principle of a calorie deficit carried out by adjusting eating patterns by limiting daily calorie intake. In this study, we classified obesity into four groups, mildly obese adult males, mildly obese adult females, severely obese adult males, and severely obese adult females. This problem is modeled in integer nonlinear programming to minimize the cost of meals per day. Results of the model obtained that four days of scheduling meal menus for obesity and five-times meals with minimal cost meets the constraints in diet menus for obese adults using the calorie deficit method.
Keyword: calorie deficit, integer nonlinear programming, meal scheduling, obesity

Judul: Merremia dennstedt ex endlicher (Convolvulaceae) in Sumatra.
Abstrak: Merremia is a small genus in the family Convolvulaceae. Merremia is a perennial or annual herb or woody liana with stems creeping or twinning on trees or rocks, put out milky white sap when injured and some species with tubers. Merremia is often confused with genus Ipomoea, due to they have resemblance in funnel shaped or campanulate corolla and straight anther. Phenetically, some members of Merremia have yellow flower whereas Ipomoea has white, purple or purplish white. Merremia is also confused with Operculina due both have non-spinulose pollen and dehiscent capsule. Nevertheless, Operculina characterized by circumciselli capsule and Merremia characterized by valve capsule. The important character in Merremia is the spread of the hairs on corolla that can be easily observed at the mature flower bud. The genus Merremia is found in the tropical regions of both hemispheres. Merremia wildly distributed throughout the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and approximately there were 80 species of Merremia in the world. A Total of 175 sheets (164 collection numbers) which are deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense, 97 sheets (95 collection numbers) which are deposited Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and 9 sheets (4 collection numbers) which are deposited in BIOTROP Herbarium (BIOT) were studied. It composed of all specimens of Merremia in Sumatra. Additional specimens were collected by the author 28 sheets (15 collection numbers) from North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Lampung, which are stored in BO and BIOT. The digital data that consist of type specimens and distributions of species from JSTOR Plant Science and Convolvulaceae Unlimited were also used here. All the hebarium specimens were studied based on their morphological characters following de Vogel (1987) and Rifai (1976). The terminology of morphological characters followed Lawrence (1955), Veldkamp (1987), Harris and Harris (1994), Hickey and King (2005) and Stearn (1983). Information on the habitat, ecology, distribution, vernacular names and uses were noted from the specimens label and literatures. Taxonomic studies in Sumatra were conducted. There are eight species, one subspecies, one varietas and two forma from nine previously species (M. cissoides, M. dissecta, M. emarginata, M. hirta, M. peltata, M. quinquefolia, M. tridentata, M. tuberosa and M. vitifolia), two subspecies (M. umbellata ssp. orientalis and M. tridentata ssp. hastata), one varietas (M. boisiana var. sumatrana) and two forma (M. hederacea f. pubescens and M. hederacea f. barbata) can be recognized. One species (M. tridentata) and subspecies (M. tridentata ssp. hastata) are excluded because they have been proposed to different new taxa Xenostegia by Austin and Staples. The existence of M. emarginata was noted as new record in Sumatra and M. cissoides was noted as new record in Indonesia. A phylogenetic analysis using PAUP*4.Ob10 was undertaken based on morphological characters, using Evolvulus nummularius and Porana volubis as the out group. The phylogenetic analysis used 35 morphological characters was resulted consistency index (CI) = 0.60, homoplasy index (HI) = 0.40, retention index (RI) = 0.56 and Rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.34. Phylogenetic tree used morphological characters divided taxa into two groups. The separation support M. boisiana var. sumatrana, M. cissoides, M.
Keyword: Convolvulaceae, Merremia, morphology, phylogenetic, Sumatra