Judul: Foamed Polystyrene as a Material for X-ray Positioning Radiography of the Thoracic Region
Abstrak: Dalam bidang radiodiagnostik, diperlukan hasil pencitraan yang baik untuk ketepatan dalam mendiagnosis suatu penyakit. Alat bantu positioning dapat mempertahankan posisi hewan, untuk menciptakan hasil pencitraan yang optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggunakan bahan lokal foamed polystyrene sebagai bahan dasar pembuatan alat bantu positioning radiografi pada regio toraks. Busa polystyrene dibentuk sesuai desain yang sudah dibuat dan dilapisi dengan kain sintetik. Prototipe yang sudah jadi kemudian diuji menggunakan digital radiografi dengan hewan coba kucing jantan. Pencitraan dilakukan pada regio toraks kucing dari berbagai sudut pandang dengan dan tanpa menggunakan alat bantu. Hasil dibandingkan dan dianalisis dengan bantuan komputer. Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi gambar radiografi yang diambil, pencitraan menggunakan prototipe memiliki hasil yang lebih baik pada regio toraks. Hal ini terlihat dari fokus organ dan jaringan yang terlihat lebih jelas pada saat menggunakan alat bantu prototipe. Berdasarkan hasil di atas, bahan lokal foamed polystyrene terbukti dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan dasar untuk prototipe positioning radiografi pada regio toraks., In the field of radiodiagnostics, good imaging results are needed for accuracy in diagnosing a disease. Positioning aids can maintain the animal's position, to create optimal imaging results. This research aims to use local foamed polystyrene as a basic material for making radiographic positioning aids in the thoracic region. Polystyrene foam is formed according to a pre-made design and covered with synthetic fabric. The finished prototype was then tested using digital radiography with male cat animals. Imaging was performed on the cat's thoracic region from various angles with and without the use of assistive devices. Results are compared and analyzed with the help of a computer. Based on the evaluation results of the radiographic images taken, imaging using the prototype had better results in the thoracic region. This can be seen from the focus of organs and tissues which are seen more clearly when using the prototype tool. Based on the results above, local foamed polystyrene material has been proven to be used as a basic material for radiographic positioning prototypes in the thoracic region.
Keyword: foamed polystyrene, positioning, radiography positioning, aids, thorax

Judul: Tabel Radiografi Standar Regio Thoraks, Abdomen, Ekstremitas dengan X-ray Positioning Bahan Foamed Polysterene
Abstrak: Tabel radiografi standar adalah tabel yang berisi data atau informasi yang relevan dengan hasil radiografi salah satunya adalah nilai kVp dan mAs. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan nilai kVP dan mAs standar yang dapat digunakan saat radiografi regio thoraks, abdomen dan ekstremitas menggunakan X-ray positioning bahan foamed polysterene. Nilai kVp dan mAs dihitung terlebih dahulu dengan mengukur ketebalan jaringan hewan untuk mencari nilai perfect exposure sebelum dan sesudah menggunakan X-ray positioning. Nilai perfect exposure didapatkan dengan peningkatan dan penurunan nilai kVp dan mAs standar. Nilai yang menghasilkan pencitraan yang paling baik menjadi perfect exposure. Tabel radiografi standar dibuat dengan menambahkan ketebalan jaringan dan nilai kVp dan mAs. Nilai kVp setiap regio sebelum menggunakan X-ray positioning mempunyai nilai lebih kecil dibandingkan sesudah menggunakan X-ray positioning. Penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai kVp dan mAs standar yang dapat digunakan pada radiografi digital regio thoraks, abdomen dan ekstremitas menggunakan X-ray positioning foamed polysterene dalam bentuk tabel radiografi standar pada X-ray digital., A Standard radiography tables provide essential data, including kVp (kilovolt- peak) and mAs (milliampere-seconds) values, relevant to radiographic outcomes. This study aims to establish standard kVp and mAs values for digital radiography of the thoracic, abdominal, and extremity regions using foamed polystyrene for X-ray positioning. Initially, kVp and mAs values were calculated by measuring the tissue thickness of animal subjects to determine the perfect exposure both before and after applying the X-ray positioning. The perfect exposure values were identified by systematically adjusting the kVp and mAs until the best imaging quality was achieved. The standard radiography table was constructed by correlating tissue thickness with kVp and mAs values. This research successfully establishes standard kVp and mAs values that can be utilized for digital radiography of the thoracic, abdominal, and extremity regions using foamed polystyrene X-ray positioning. The resulting standard radiography table offers a valuable reference for clinical digital radiography, ensuring optimal image quality through accurate exposure settings
Keyword: Tabel radiografi standar, X-ray positioning, X-ray digital, Kilovoltage peak, Milliampere second

Judul: Biologi Reproduksi ikan belanak Chelon subviridis (Valenciennes 1836) di Perairan Karangsong, Indramayu
Abstrak: Greenback mullet (Chelon suviridis) belong to family of Mugilidae. Greenback mullet have a high economic value in Karangsong water. Information of C. subviridis in this location is limited, whice is necessary to study on reproduction for its management. Through this study, reproduction pattern of C. subviridis in Karangsong water are determined. The study was conducted from December 2012 to May 2013. Total number of fishes that taken during the study was 336 individuals. The results showed that the sex ratio between males and females is 1:2,03 with Chi-square test. Condition factors ranged from 0,6881 to 0,8377 %. Greenback mullet males mature more rapidly that females with mature gonad of 114 mm for male and 102 mm for female. Peak spawning season of C. subviridis in the waters of Karangsong. Greenback mullet is thought to occur in early February. Reproductive potential of C. subviridis is quite large in the amount of 9.691 to 173.335 eggs. Eggs diameter of C. subviridis ranged from 0,18 to 0,75 mm with the mode of spread of two types of spawning peaks with partial (partial spawner).
Keyword: