Judul: The Effect of Working Capital Management and Liquidity on Profitability in Trading Companies (Case Study of PT XYZ)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menginvestigasi dampak kesulitan dalam menerima pembayaran dari pelanggan dan kendala dalam membayar pemasok terhadap ketersediaan dana tunai perusahaan. Fokus penelitian ini juga melibatkan analisis tentang bagaimana komponen modal kerja dan tingkat likuiditas berpengaruh terhadap kinerja keuntungan suatu perusahaan dagang. Kasus yang dianalisis adalah PT XYY selama periode 2016 hingga 2021. Metode yang digunakan melibatkan analisis data time series setiap bulan dan penerapan model vector error correction model (VECM) untuk memahami hubungan antara variabel dalam jangka panjang. Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi elemen-elemen dalam modal kerja dan likuiditas perusahaan, days of sales in outstanding, days of sales in inventory, days of payable outstanding, cash conversion cycle. Likuiditas juga diukur dengan current ratio dan cash ratio. Tujuan utama adalah memahami bagaimana elemen-elemen ini mempengaruhi profitabilitas yang diukur dengan return on assets. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa days of payable outstanding dan current ratio memiliki dampak positif yang signifikan pada ROA, sementara days of sales in outstanding, cash ratio, dan cash conversion cycle memiliki dampak negatif signifikan. Sedangkan variabel days of sales in invetory tidak berpengaruh signifikan. Temuan ini menekankan pentingnya manajemen kewajiban kepada pemasok dalam menjaga profitabilitas. Implikasinya, perusahaan dapat menggunakan hasil ini untuk mengatur kebijakan operasional, terutama terkait pembayaran kepada pemasok dalam kontrak pembelian serta menjaga ketersediaan kas optimal dalam mengamankan likuiditas, This study examines the influence of challenges in receiving customer payments and limitations in settling payments to suppliers on the availability of a company's cash reserves. The research also delves into analyzing how different aspects of working capital and the level of liquidity impact the profit performance of a trading company. The empirical analysis is centered around the case study of PT XYY, spanning from 2016 to 2021. The research methodology entails examining monthly time series data and applying the vector error correction model (VECM) to comprehend the long-term among the variables. days of sales in outstanding (DSO), days of sales in inventory (DSI), days of payable outstanding (DPO), and cash conversion cycle (CCC). The Current ratio and cash ratio also measure liquidity. The Principal aim of the study is to fathom how these elements collectively impact the company's profitability, gauged by return on assets (ROA). ROA assesses the company's capability to derive profit from its assets. The research findings indicate that DPO and current ratio notably positively influence ROA. DSO, cash ratio, and CCC significantly negatively impact ROA. Meanwhile, the DSI variable has no significant effect.. The Implications of these findings underscore the importance of skillfully managing commitments to suppliers to uphold profitability. Companies can leverage these outcomes to fine-tune their operational policies, particularly concerning payment terms with suppliers within purchase agreementsas well as maintaining optimal cash availability in liquidity security.
Keyword: Working Capital Management, Liquidity, rofitability, Vector Error Correction Model

Judul: Working Capital Policy and Its Effect on the Profitability and Liquidity of Various Industry Sector Companies on the IDX
Abstrak: The Covid-19 pandemic caused the Indonesian economy in the second and third quarters of 2020 to be negative at 5.32% and 3.49%. The miscellaneous industrial sector experienced the largest negative growth contraction in the first to third quarters of 2020 compared to other manufacturing sectors. Efficient working capital management can have a significant impact on business profitability and liquidity. The determination of an efficient working capital policy is faced with a trade off between liquidity and profitability factors. Large amounts of working capital have implications for good level of liquidity but reduce opportunities to earn a large profit resulting in reduced profitability and vice versa. This study aims to analyze the effect of working capital policies on the profitability and liquidity of various industrial companies in 2017-2020. The sampling method uses judgment sampling. This study uses Microsoft Excel and multiple linear regression analysis using Eviews 9. Aggressive investing policy and aggressive financing policy positively affects profitability. The effect of aggressive investing policy on liquidity is negative and significant. Meanwhile, an aggressive financing policy will positively affect liquidity., Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perekonomian Indonesia triwulan II dan III tahun 2020 berada pada angka negatif 5,32% dan 3,49%. Sektor Aneka Industri mengalami kontraksi pertumbuhan negatif terbesar pada triwulan I sampai dengan III tahun 2020 dibandingkan dengan sektor manufaktur lainnya. Pengelolaan modal kerja yang efisien dapat berdampak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas dan likuiditas bisnis. Keefisienan pemilihan kebijakan modal kerja dihadapkan pada masalah adanya (trade off) antara 2 faktor yaitu likuiditas dan profitabilitas. Modal kerja dengan jumlah besar berimplikasi pada tingkatan likuiditas yang baik tetapi mengurangi peluang memeroleh laba yang besar yang berakibat pada tingkat profitabilitas yang menurun begitu pula sebaliknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan modal kerja terhadap profitabilitas dan likuiditas perusahaan Aneka Industri tahun 2017-2020. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode judgement sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan Microsoft Excel dan analisis regresi linear berganda menggunakan Eviews 9. Aggressive investing policy dan aggressive financing policy positif mempengaruhi profitabilitas. Pengaruh aggressive investing policy terhadap likuiditas negatif dan signifikan. Sedangkan aggressive financing policy positif mempengaruhi likuiditas.
Keyword: agrressive investing policy, aggressive financing policy, profitability, liquidity

Judul: Studi Taksonomi Katak Subgenus Papurana (Lesson, 1831) dari Halmahera (Anura, Ranidae, Hylarana), Studi Taksonomi Katak Subgenus Papurana (Lesson, 1831) dari Halmahera (Anura, Ranidae, Hylarana
Abstrak: I reevaluated taxonomic of subgenus Papurana position from Halmahera based on morphological and molecular analyses. My results show that two separate species occur on the Halmahera Island, each nested within two distinct clades (hereafter papua clade and celebensis clade), one of which corresponds to H. moluccana (celebensis clade) and the other to an unidentified species (papua clade). By p-distance ranging from 6.9 to 11.5% on the 16S rRNA gene, the unidentified species (Hylarana sp.) is genetically different from all congeners of the papua clade. The Hylarana sp. can be distinguished from all congeners by following combination of charactes: vomer teeth in two oblique rows with narrow inter-vomer distance; snout rounded dorsally; dorsum with few scattered cone-shaped tubercles that are black with white tips; distinct skin folds (ridges) on the dorsal side of the thigh coinciding with dark brown cross bars; a marbled pattern on the ventral side of the thigh and yellowish groin. I also present new data for H. daemeli, H. volkerjane, and H. arfaki from the western region of Papua. Furthermore, I found that H. celebensis has numerous mtDNA lineages, indicating cryptic diversity within the celebensis clade. The discovery of two separate species on Halmahera necessitates more research into the biogeographic history of Hylarana in Northern Moluccas.
Keyword: frog, Halmahera, Hylarana, morphology, Papurana, phylogenetic