Judul: Pengelolaan dan Pengembangan Hutan Kota di Kota Kraksaan Kabupaten Probolinggo Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Kraksaan town as the capital of Probolinggo district had one urban forest. The purpose of this research it to identify the role in the management of Kraksaan’s urban forest and also determine the management concept of the urban forest including the type, form and function. This research was conducted between July –November 2013. The using method was in-depth interview with related maintaners and institutions, vegetation analysis, and literature studies. The management of Kraksaan’s urban forest was not going optimally because the Environment Department as the maintaner had not a clear management plan in accordance with PP No 63 year 2002 and there was no participation of the other stakeholders. The result of vegetation analysis indicated that varieties and evenness of the tree growth rate of species in the Kraksaan’s urban forest belonged to middle range and evenly. Local governments need to increase urban forest area by involving the various parties as well as its construction refers to the existence of environmental problems or potentially emergence in the future.
Keyword: management, Kraksaan’s urban forest, development

Judul: Development of Urban Forest in Kalianda City, South Lampung District
Abstrak: Kota Kalianda merupakan ibukota Kabupaten Lampung Selatan yang sedang berkembang. Kota Kalianda memiliki satu hutan kota yaitu Hutan Kota Kalianda. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan pengelolaan, menentukan motivasi, persepsi, serta preferensi masyarakat, dan menyusun strategi pengembangan hutan kota. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur, observasi lapang, kuesioner, dan wawancara. Data dianalisis menggunakan skala Likert untuk penilaian motivasi, persepsi, dan preferensi masyarakat, dan strategi pengembangan hutan kota dianalisis menggunakan SWOT. Pengelolaan Hutan Kota Kalianda tidak berjalan dengan optimal karena tidak adanya rencana pengelolaan yang jelas. Motivasi pengunjung tertinggi (3,72) adalah untuk menghilangkan lelah (refreshing), persepsi tertinggi (4,43) hutan kota sebagai penghasil oksigen dan menyerap CO2, , dan preferensi tertinggi (4,55) menginginkan penambahan fasilitas tempat sampah. Strategi pengembangan hutan kota mengatasi kelemahan dengan memanfaatkan peluang yang sudah ada (Strategi WO)., The city of Kalianda is the capital of the which is developing South Lampung Regency. Kalianda City has one urban forest, namely Kalianda City Forest. The research objectives are to identify management problems, determine community motivations, perceptions, and preferences, and develop urban forest development strategies. Methods used are literature studies, field observations, questionnaires, and interviews. The data was analyzed using the Likert scale for motivational assessment, perception, and public preferences, and urban forest development strategies analyzed using SWOT. The management of the Kalianda City Forest is not running optimally because there is no clear management plan. The highest visitor motivation (3,72) was to relieve fatigue (refreshing), the highest perception (4,43) of the urban forest as a producer of oxygen and absorb CO2, and the highest preference (4,55) wanted additional trash can facilities. The urban forest development strategy overcomes weaknesses by taking advantage of existing opportunities (WO Strategy).
Keyword: development, strategy, urban forest

Judul: Influenza Specific Immunoglobulin Y Purification from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Precipitation Method
Abstrak: Imunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) yang terdapat dalam kuning telur telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk imunoterapi dan imunodiagnostik. Salah satu kendala dalam pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur adalah pemisahan Ig dengan lemak, sehingga teknik pemurnian Ig selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan menggunakan sodium chloride (NaCl) serta melakukan karakterisasi IgY spesifik influenza. Sodium chloride dipilih karena bahan kimia ini relatif murah, ramah lingkungan, dan tidak merusak imunoaktivitas IgY. Kuning telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Flubio® yang berisi virus Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 dan B/Washington. Pemurnian IgY hanya dilakukan pada kuning telur yang mengandung antibodi spesifik influenza. Deteksi keberadaan antibodi spesifik influenza ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP) dan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Konsentrasi IgY hasil pemurnian dihitung dengan spektrofotometer dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Konsentrasi protein dari hasil pemurnian IgY memiliki nilai rata – rata 50,403 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan enam pita protein, yaitu struktur IgY utuh (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), rantai berat IgY (66,54 kDa), Fab ( 47,65 kDa), rantai ringan IgY (21,85 kDa), dan β-livetin (36,74 kDa). IgY hasil pemurnian masih dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza berdasarkan uji ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian IgY menggunakan metode pengendapan NaCl dapat memurnikan IgY dengan struktur utuh, meskipun masih ada dua protein tidak spesifik hasil pemurnian. IgY yang dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza mengindikasikan prospek pemanfaatannya untuk pencegahan influenza dan imunodiagnostik., Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) contained in egg yolk has been widely used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. One of the obstacles in IgY purification from egg yolk is separating Ig from fat, so that IgY purification techniques are always developing. This study aimed to purify IgY from egg yolk using sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method and to characterize influenza-specific IgY. Sodium chloride was chosen because this chemical is relatively unexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not impair IgY immunoactivity. The egg yolks used in this study were collected from layer eggs vaccinated with the Flubio® influenza vaccine, which contains the Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B/Washington viruses. IgY purification was only carried out on egg yolks containing influenza specific antibodies. The presence of influenza-specific antibodies was determined by the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The purified IgY concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, and protein characterization was performed using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Protein concentration from purification has a mean value of 50,403 mg/mL . SDS-PAGE result showed six protein bands, namely intact IgY structure (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), IgY heavy chain (66,54 kDa), Fab (47,65 kDa), IgY light chain (21,85 kDa), and β-livetin (36,74 kDa). The purified IgY still able to bind with influenza antigen based on the ELISA test. The results of this study indicate that purification of IgY using the NaCl precipitation method can purify IgY with intact structure, although there are still two unspecific proteins in the purification results. The resulting IgY can bind to influenza antigens indicating the
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, influenza, egg yolk, purification, sodium chloride