Judul: Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi keberhasilan KUD di Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Koperasi merupakan salah satu pelaku ekonomi di samping dua pelaku ekonomi lainnya, yaitu BUMN dan swasta. Koperasi memiliki keunikan karena di dalam menjalankan kegiatannya koperasi mengintegrasikan aspek ekonomis dan aspek sosial. Namun tantangan yang dihadapi koperasi Indonesia di tengah pasar yang sangat kompetitif cukup berat ditambah dengan menyusul terjadinya krisis moneter. Titik lemah dari koperasi dalam menghadapi persaingan pasar khususnya pada masa-masa krisis tidak hanya terkait dengan orientasi koperasi yang tidak semata-mata bersifat ekonomis namun juga karena adanya sejumlah keterbatasan internal yang dimiliki koperasi dan tekanan yang berasal dari luar.
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Judul: Analisis kinerja keuangan dan pelayanan KUD Sumber Alam Studi kasus KUD Sumber Alam Desa Dramaga Kecamatan Gramaga Kabupaten Bogor Propinsi Jawa barat
Abstrak: Koperai addall bangun perusahaan yang sesuai dengan perekonomian yang disusun sebagai usaha bersma berdasar atas asas kekeluargaan sebagaimana dijelaskan dalam pasal 33 UUD 1945 sebelum amandemen keempat tanggal 10 Agustus 2002. Selma tahun 2005-2006, perkembangan koperasi Indonesia rnenunjukkan kemajuan yang cukup baik. Kelembagaan koperasi mengalami peningkatan 4,71 persen yang mempengaruhi perkembangan jumlah anggota sebanyak 1,79 persen. Keadaan ini berdampak positif pada penyerapan tenaga kerja yang mengalami peningkatan sebanyak: 13,49 persen. Perkembangan usaha koperasi yang dicerminkan oleh indikator keuangan pun rnemberikan gambaran yang tidak jauh berbeda. Koperasi sebagai organisasi ekonomi rnemiliki kehamsan menangani usaha berdasarkan prinsip efisiensi, efektivitas dm produktivitas. Selaras dengan tujuannya maka prinsip tersebut hms dipadukan dengan optimasi pelayanan kepada anggota dan kesejahteraan anggota mengingat tujw koperasi sebagai badan usaha tidak semata-matrt berorientasi ilaba melainkan juga manfaat. KUD Surnber Alm sebagai salah satu unit perekonomim pedesaan rnemiliki visi menjadikan KUD sebagai sokoguru perekonomian yang dapat membantu kehidupan dm kesejahteraan masyarakat pedesaan khususnya anggota.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua