Judul: The Price Transmission in Rice Market Chain in Indonesia
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to assess the rice market chain performance, namely price volatility and price transmission among producer, rice miller, wholesaler, and retailer, with respect to the enforcement of rice price stabilization policy in Indonesia. We use the standard deviation of return for price volatility and the Cointegration test and the Error Correction Model for price transmission analysis. The results of this study show that the magnitudes of price volatilities along market chain decrease from producer to retailer. Producer in the upstream faces the highest price volatility at 24,9%, and then ricemiller and wholesaler face the lower price volatility than producer but still high at 18,3% and 18,1%, respectively. Whereas retailer in the downstream faces the stable price at 8,7%. The price transmission analysis concludes that the rice market chain in Indonesia is segmented. The rice price is not transmitted completely from producer to consumer, and vice versa. There are only two markets which are integrated, namely price relationships between producer and ricemiller and between wholesaler and retailer. Meanwhile the price relationships between producer and wholesaler, producer and retailer, ricemiller and wholesaler, and ricemiller and retailer are not integrated.
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Judul: Analysis of Rice Market Integration in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Beras merupakan komoditas pangan strategis dan termasuk barang inelastis yang memiliki permintaan tinggi di sepanjang tahun. Namun produksi yang bergantung pada musim tanam mengakibatkan harga komoditas beras menjadi tidak stabil sehingga terjadi selisih harga yang besar antara harga di tingkat petani produsen dan harga di tingkat konsumen akhir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola pergerakan harga gabah-beras dan menganalisis integrasi pada pasar beras Indonesia. Analisis integrasi dilakukan dengan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa harga gabah lebih fluktuatif dibandingkan dengan harga beras eceran maupun beras grosir dan kebijakan pemerintah mengatur harga beras efektif menstabilkan harga gabah bulanan. Hasil analisis VECM menunjukkan bahwa antara pasar produsen dan pasar grosir tidak terjadi integrasi jangka panjang dan terintegrasi dalam jangka pendek. Antara pasar produsen dan pasar eceran tidak terintegrasi dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek. Antara pasar grosir dan pasar konsumen terintegrasi baik dalam jangka panjang maupun jangka pendek., Rice is a strategic food commodity and an inelastic goods that have high demand throughout the year. However, rice production that depends on the growing season causes the price of rice to become unstable, resulting in a large price difference between the farmers price and the consumer price. This study aims to determine the pattern of grain-rice price movements and analyze the integration that occurs in Indonesian rice markets. Integration analysis was analyzed using Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). The analysis showed that grain price was more volatile than the retail and wholesale rice prices and the government's policy to regulate rice prices is effective in stabilizing monthly grain prices. The analysis result showed that the market integration in producers markets and wholesale market are not integrated in the long-term, but they are integrated in the short-term. There no integration between the producers and consumers in long or short-term. The wholesale markets and retail markets are integrated well in the long-term and short-term.
Keyword: rice price, market integration, VECM

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf