Judul: Studi beberapa aspek ekologi burung murai batu (Copsychus malabaricus tricolor vieillot 1818) di cagar alam dan hutan wisata pananjung Pangandaran
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kepadatan populasi, seks rasio, ukuran homerange dan teritori serta penggunaan strata tajuk hutan oleh burung murai batu. Di samping itu habitat (terutama vegetasi) dan perilaku juga merupakan faktor yang diperhatikan dalam studi ini. Pendugaan kepadatan populasi murai batu dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda spot-mapping. Dasar dari metode ini adalah pemetaan teritori burung berdasarkan kumpulan titik-titik perjumpaan dalam setiap pengamatan dan peristiwa khusus perkelahian atau persaingan dilakukan pada plot contoh berukuran berkicau. 12 hektar. Pemetaan Homerange diukur dengan metoda penelusuran (Tracer- Method) pada plot contoh berukuran 1 hektar dengan petak- petak berukuran 10 m x 10 m. Sebelum dilakukan pengukuran homerange, murai batu ditangkap dan ditandai (Mark-Capture). Penangkapan dilakukan dengan menggunakan mist-net (jaring) yang berwarna hitam dengan ukuran mess-nya kira-kira 1 cm 1 cm. Penandaan dengan menggunakan cincin plastik dan pita. Sedangkan untuk mengetahui ukuran teritori murai batu digunakan metoda play-back prisip metode ini adalah...
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Judul: Evaluasi Bahan Pakan dan Kebutuhan Nutrien pada Burung Murai Batu Medan (Copsychus malabaricus)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi konsumsi pakan dan palatabilitas pada burung murai (Copsychus malabaricus) untuk memahami kebutuhan nutrien dan merumuskan ransum yang efisienJenis pakan yang diberikan mengikuti kebiasaan dari pengelola. Pakan yang digunakan berupa konsentrat, ulat hongkong, ulat kandang, kroto dan jangkrik. Data diperoleh dari pengukuran konsumsi pakan burung murai selama 14 hari dengan metode bebas pilih (free choise feeding). Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa burung murai anakan mengkonsumsi total 0,31 g ekor1 hari -1 serat kasar, 3,95 g ekor-1 hari -1 protein kasar. Burung murai produksi mengkonsumsi 1,09 g sepasang -1 hari -1 serat kasar dan 14,87 g sepasang-1 hari -1 protein kasar. Burung murai jantan dewasa 0,31 g ekor-1 hari -1 serat kasar dan 3,82 g ekor-1 hari -1 protein kasar. Berdasarkan hasil konsumsi nutrien, burung murai anakan dan produksi memiliki hasil yang lebih tinggi dari pada burung murai jantan dewasa. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa jangkrik adalah pakan yang paling disukai oleh burung murai. Burung murai anakan dan produksi dipengaruhi oleh faktor seperti usia, kondisi fisiologis, dan tingkat aktivitas.
Keyword: feed consumption, murai birds, nutrient consumption, palatability

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable