Judul: Vegetation Analysis And Utilization By Ethnic Wondama Which Is living In The Wondiboy Mountains Natural Reserve , Land Papua
Abstrak: Pegunungan Wondiboy - CAPW) still keep their custom and traditional wisdom (ecological wisdom) to use all natural resources around them, including plants. The objective of this research is to know about the plant diversity at species level in the forest community of the Wondiboy Mountains Natural Reserve and the level of plant utilization by the locals in that area. A descriptive method was used in this research by combining interview and field survey techniques. The standard procedure of vegetation analysis and the useful value analysis were applied to analyse the data. Results of the research show that the highest index (Importance Value) of trees at 0-500 m asl. in Eastern side dominated by Pometia pinnata (17.3%) and Myristica lepidota Bl. (17.3%) in Western side. Poles dominated by Dalbergia sp.1 (37.1) in Eastern side and Spondias cytherea Sonnerat (35.2%) in Western. Saplings dominated by Carallia brachiata (Lour.) Merr. (15.8%) in Eastern side and Semecarpus aruensis Engl. (15.9%) in Western. Seedlings dominated by Phanera lingua (DC.) Miq. (22.3%) in Eastern side and Clerodenrum sp.1 (19.3%) in Western side. While, trees at 500- 1000 m asl. dominated by Agathis sp. (29.3%) in Eastern side and Intsia bijuga (19.5%) in Western side. Poles also dominated by Pometia sp. (43.3%) in Eastern side and Haplolobus moluccanus (Leenh.) H. J. Lam (31.2%) in Western. Samplings dominated by Gnetum gnemon (23%) in Eastern side and Gnetum gnemon (15.2%) in Western. Seedlings dominated by Nephrolepis falcate (Cav.) C. Chr. (28.6%) in Eastern side and Zysygium sp.7 (14.4) in Western. Furthermore, the average of species richness (R’) of trees is 3.996; poles 2.076, saplings 2.281; and seedlings 1.327. The average of species abundance (H’) of trees is 2.361; poles 1.513; saplings 2.017; and seedlings 1.533. And also the average of the species evenness (E) of trees is 0.989; poles 0.962; samplings 0.946; and seedlings 0.959. Furthermore, from the vegetation structure had been reported from that area, trees is vegetation with the highest number in utilization by the locals (1622), and subsequently followed by poles (923.5), saplings (1134), seedlings (241), and liana (84. 12). And the fuel wood (firewood) is the main plant utilization of locals in this area. In addition, the several species were found in plots of vegetation profile; however we separated between vertical and horizontal projection. In vertical view, Pometia pinnata (27 m) is species dominant in plot I, Ficus benjamina Bl. (34 m) in plot II, and Planchonia papuana Knuth. (31 m) in plot III, and Erioglossum rubiginosum (Roxb.) Bl. (29 m) in plot IV. While in horizontal, Dalbergia sp.1 12.2% (from total 99%) in plot I, Pometia pinnata 15.5% (from total 97.8%) in plot II, Aistopetalum viticoides Schltr. 13.5% (from total 98.4%) in plot III, and Teijsmanniodendron sp 16.3% (from total 96.7%) in plot IV.
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Judul: Diversity of food and medicinal plants in Madapangga Tourism Park Bima District of West Nusa Tenggara Province
Abstrak: Madapangga Tourism Nature Park is one of the conservation area in Bima District that has a high plants resources. This study aims to identify the species diversity of food and medicine plants, utilization by people around the area and its development. Vegetation analysis was conducted to determine species diversity, species dominance, distribution patterns and community similarity. Interviews were conducted to determine the common species used and the level knowledge of people about the use of food and medicinal plants. Food plants are found 36 species from 20 families and 4 habitus consisting of 25 species of trees, 1 species of shrubs, 9 species of herbs and 1 species of liana. Anacardiaceae and Leguminosae were found with the highest number of species respectively 4 species, whereas Amaranthaceae, Myrtaceae and Rutaceae respectively 3 species. That food plants used as fruits (17 species), vegetables (15 species), fresh vegetables and spices (respectively 5 species), the source of carbohydrate (3 species). Part of the plants are used as food mostly fruits (25 species), leaves (18 species), seeds (4 species), flowers (3 species), bulbs and stems (respectively 2 species) and all parts of the plant (1 species). Medicinal plants are found 76 species from 40 families and 6 habitus consisting of 38 species of trees, 10 species of shrubs, 23 species of herbs, 3 species of lianas, respectively 1 species from epiphyte and parasite. Leguminosae were found with the highest number of species are 7 species; Euphorbiaceae are 6 species; Amaranthaceae, Anacardiaceae and Rutaceae respectively 4 species; Asteraceae, Moraceae, and Myrtaceae respectively 3 species. That medicinal plants are used to treat a variety of illness. Utilization of these species are categorized into 15 groups of diseases / usage. Part of the plants used are the leaves (48 species), bark (24 species), roots (19 species), fruits (17 species), flowers (8 species), beans (21 species), roots, bark fruit and tubers (respectively 2 species) and all parts (11 species). The highest richness and diversity of food and medicinal plants found in intensive utilization block. Margalef richness index food and medicinal plants in that block respectively 10.29 and 6.09, whereas Shannon-Wiener diversity index respectively 3.66 and 3.12. The lowest Margalef richness index of food and medicinal plants found in protection block respectively 4.97 and 2.77, whereas Shannon-Wiener diversity index respectively 2.66 and 2. Evenness value in the third block in the management tend to be higher with value each more than 0.7. Tree habitus of food plants dominated by Tamarindus indica, Ziziphus mauritiana, Shcleicera oleosa, Protium javanicum, Psidium guajava, Syzygium cumini, and Aleurites moluccana; whereas medicinal plants consist of Alstonia scholaris, Strychnos ligustrina, Alstonia spectabilis, Lagerstroemia speciosa and Jatropha curcas. Shrub and herb habitus dominated by Solanum indicum, Amaranthus spinosus, Portulaca oleracea, Ocimum sanctum and Lantana camara; whereas medicinal plants are dominated by Zingiber aromaticum, Achyranthes aspera, Justicia gendarussa, S.indicum and Amorphophallus variabilis. Liana habitus belonging food plants are found in the study site is Momordica charantia, whereas those belonging medicinal plants are Tinospora crispa and Piper retrofractum. Epiphyte and Parasite habitus are found respectively Asplenium nidus and Dendropthoe sp. Distribution pattern
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Judul: Disain Model Alat pasteurisasi susu Otomatis
Abstrak: Pada umumnya, bahan pangan mempunyai sifat mudah rusak. Kerusakan ini tergantung dari jenis bahan pangannya, dapat berlangsung secara lambat misalnya pada biji-bijian, atau dapat berlangsung secara sangat cepat misalnya pada susu. Salah satu cara pengawetan bahan pangan adalah dengan menggunakan energi panas, misalnya cara pasteurisasi. Pasteurisasi merupakan suatu cara atau langkah dalam pengawetan yang biasa dilakukan pada susu. Pengaruh pasteurisasi susu antara sebagai berikut; air susu lebih lama dapat disimpan, раda suhu rendah malahan dapat disimpan beberapa hari; air su- su tidak lagi mengandung kuman-kuman patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang suatu model alat pasteurisasi susu dengan memanfaatkan teknologi elektronik pada alat kontrol suhunya. Model alat pasteurisasi susu otomatis yang didisain terdiri dari dua bagian, yaitu alat pasteurisasi susu dan alat pengatur suhu. Bagian alat pasteurisasi terdiri dari tanki pasteurisasi, tanki medium pemanas, pompa dan unit pencatu daya. Sedangkan bagian alat pengatur suhu terdiri dari unit pengindera, unit penguat tegangan, unit penanding (comparator), unit penguat arus, unit kontrol (relai) dan unit pencatu daya. Dari hasil pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap keseragaman suhu, model alat pasteurisasi yang dibuat masih menghasilkan perbedaan suhu selama proses pasteurisasi. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk mencapai suhu pasteurisasi (63°C) dengan suhu awal 27, 29 dan 31.10 °C adalah berturut-turut 14.833, 14.733 dan 11.833 menit. Alat pengatur suhu yang dibuat dapat mencakup kisaran pengaturan suhu dari 40 sampai 75 °C, dengan selang kepekaan sebesar 0.003 volt. Penelitian lebih lanjut terhadap konstruksi tanki pasteurisasi dan sistim pengadukkannya perlu dilakukan untuk memperoleh tingkat keseragaman suhu yang lebih baik, begitu juga terhadap bahan pembalut sensor, kestabilan alat pengatur suhu, pengembangan rangkaian unit penanding (comparator) dan unit penguat serta kestabilan tegangan pada setiap unit fungsional alat pengatur suhu diperlukan untuk mempertinggi kualitas dan kemampuannya.
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