Judul: Peran program keaksaraan fungsional dalam mempertahankan kemampuan aksara warga belajar di PKBM saraga lekas insan mandiri Kecamatan Ciawi, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: This study aims to 1) analyze the role of “Keaksaraan Fungsional (KF)” in maintaining village people basic literacy, and to 2) evaluate its impact on the economy. The research was conducted by using survey method on 45 learning people in KF program. All respondents were women at 15 years and over. The study shows that people who joined the complete KF program have higher ability to maintain their basic literacy than those who were not. The KF program does not have direct impact in improving people economy. Some learning people benefitted from the KF program as they became literate their self confidence has also increased and became more self reliance.
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Judul: Hubungan Kebutuhan Belajar dengan Kemampuan Aksara dan Dampaknya terhadap Pemberdayaan Perempuan (Program Keaksaraan Dasar Kampung Anyar, Desa Urug, Sukajaya, Bogor).
Abstrak: Pemberantasan buta aksara melalui Program keaksaraan dasar adalah salah satu bentuk pemberdayaan perempuan yang akan mempengaruhi pembangunan nasional. Upaya pemberdayaan perempuan bersifat strategis, karena perempuan yang telah melek aksara akan mempunyai kemandirian dan kepercayaan diri dalam mengatur perekonomian keluarga yang secara tidak langsung akan mengurangi kemiskinan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis hubungan kebutuhan belajar dengan kemampuan aksara warga belajar dan menganalisis dampaknya terhadap pemberdayaan perempuan. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah Analisis tabulasi silang dan uji statistik Rank Spearman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara kebutuhan belajar internal nonfisik dengan kemampuan membaca dan menulis. Hubungan yang signifikan juga terdapat pada kemampuan membaca dan menulis dengan pemberdayaan meliputi aspek pendidikan, aksesibilitas dan tindakan.
Keyword: program keaksaraan dasar, kemampuan aksara, pemberdayaan perempuan, kebutuhan belajar

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis