Judul: Ecology of child parenting : adolescents perception toward parenting style, media exposure and adolescents psychosocial development in Bandung
Abstrak: Adolescent psychosocial development could be enhanced or suppressed by environmental influence like peer friendships and activities away from the family. The ecological of parenting can help parents understand the role of family, school, peer group and community in adolescence development and socialization. Therefore, parents must gradually relinquish the kind of parental control exerted during childhood and must rely more on discussion and mutuality in establishing expectations for conduct. The objectives of the study are : 1) to analyze the differences of media exposure, parenting and adolescent psychosocial development based on characteristic of adolescent, family, school and peer group and 2) to assess the influence of adolescent characteristic, family, school, peer group , media exposure, adolescents perception about parenting toward adolescent psychosocial development. This study was conducted in four different type of senior high schools in Bandung and the sample taken as many as 352 students from all classes proportionately. Data were analyzed with descriptive, the t-test, Regression and Path Analysis. The important results showed that there were significant differences between age group in identity, autonomy, intimacy, sexuality and achievement development; and adolescent psychosocial development was influenced significantly by age, media exposure and parenting (R2=0.346). The suggestion addressed to the parents were provide an appropriate parenting with regard to the ages and child development stages and conducted through an effective communication ; parents should monitor and select the content of messages which are accessed by the adolescent; the government is expected to control media regulation by functioning censor institution in order to supervise message published or exposed by media; and to conduct several programmes such as parenting skill for parents and social skill for the adolescent and to provide counseling institution which is accessible by parents and adolescent.
Keyword: Parenting skill, Social skill, Social gathering

Judul: Family strengthening, parenting and psychosocial intervention and its effect on adolescent psychosocial development on poor families in Bekasi
Abstrak: Poverty is one cause of family stress, especially for children. Parents will give worse environmental quality of parenting when the participation of parents in encouraging the development of children is minimal, then efforts to improve family strengthening is quite important factor. Limitations of poor families in carrying out its functions require external support in the form of economic and social support. Psychosocial intervention is a form of social support. This research aimed to analyze the influence of family strengthening, parenting and psychosocial interventions for adolescent psychosocial development. The design of this study is “the control group pretest - posttest design”. Respondents in this research were adolescent from poor families in Bekasi taken by random sampling. Total number of 96 adolescents consisting of 48 adolescents as experimental group and 48 adolescents as control group. Data consisted of adolescent characteristics (age, education and gender), peer conformity, media exposure and psychosocial development. Psychosocial development were taken at the beginning of the research/baseline (before psychosocial intervention applied) and at the end of the research/endline (after psychosocial interventions applied). The data that taken from the adolescent mother including family strengthening and parenting (warmth dimension, emotion dimension, and referrals dimension). Adolescent characteristics and family characteristics were processed and analyzed using descriptive analysis. Progress between baseline and endline conditions in the experimental group using paired sample t-test. Relationship test variables using Spearman correlation and to analyze the factors that influence adolescent psychosocial development using regression test. Analysis the effect of the intervention (the independent variable) in changes on adolescent psychosocial development at the end of research using linear regression analysis. The stages of research: 1) preparation; 2) data collection and intervention; 3) data analysis and writing. Interventions carried out during seven meetings (± 17.5 hours) within a period of 2 months. Psychosocial intervention program designed and structured in a module. At each intervention meeting begins with a pretest and ended with posttest. Based on the distribution of adolescents characteristics, the age of adolescent ranged from 13-18 years with a percent age of 59.3 percent at age 13 to 15 years old and 40.6 percent at age 16-18 years old. Adolescent in this research consisting 47 boys or 49 percent and 49 girls or 51 percent. The results showed that the level of adolescent education was varied, 37.5 percent of adolescent completed primary school and 36.5 percent did not completed junior high school education. There is a 15.6 percent of adolescent did not completed primary school education and 9.4 percent of adolescent were uneducated. 79.2 percent mother of adolescents were in the age range of middle adulthood. The largest percentage of adolescent parent education were in level completed primary school education (49.0 percent of adolescent mother and 44.8 percent of adolescent father). Most of mother of adolescents work as scavengers (49.0%), and the greatest percentage of adolescent father were work as laborers (34.4%) and scavengers (31.3%). The average of adolescent family income per capita was Rp 219.522,8. It was lower than the per capita income according to West Java BPS in 2012 for urban areas (Rp249.170,0). Achievement of family strengthening
Keyword: family strengthening, parenting, psychosocial interventions, adolescent psychosocial development.

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf