Judul: Konstruksi vektor ekspresi gen untuk mengeliminasi gen penyeleksi antibiotik pada tanaman padi (Oryza sativa L.)Transgenik
Abstrak: Gen penanda seleksi diperlukan untuk proses seleksi tanaman transgenik, tetapi tidak diperlukan setelah tanaman transgenik dihasilkan. Eliminasi gen ini dapat dilakukan dengan memisahkan gen ini dari gen sasaran pada saat integrasi ke dlam genom tanaman.
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Judul: Pc13-35s-Intron-Sma: Vektor Biner Fleksibel Untuk Ekspresi Gen Target Secara Konstitutif Pada Transformasi Tanaman Melalui Agrobacterium
Abstrak: Teknik penyisipan gen target ke dalam tanaman menggunakan vektor alami Agrobacterium telah menjadi hal rutin dalam perakitan tanaman transgenik. Bakteri ini memiliki kemampuan dalam menyalin, memindahkan, dan menyisipkan daerah T-DNA ke dalam kromosom tanaman yang berada pada vektor biner. Vektor biner pC13-35S-Intron-Sma memungkinkan gen target yang disisipkan pada situs SmaI (CCCGGG) diatur ekspresinya oleh promoter kuat 35S dan terminator Nos untuk membentuk cassette ekspresi dengan cepat. Gen target akan mendapat tambahan intron (cat1) di ujung 5’- dan 6 kali histidin di ujung karboksil. Keberadaan intron untuk memastikan ekspresi gen target tidak berasal dari Agrobacterium. Komponen 6 kali histidin dapat berfungsi sebagai penanda untuk purifikasi dan deteksi pada tingkat protein. Untuk mengetahui keberhasilan dari konstruksi pC13-35S-Intron-Sma disisipkan gen enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP) pada situs SmaI membentuk pC13-35S-Intron-eGFP dan ditransformasi ke padi varietas Nipponbare menggunakan Agrobacterium EHA105. Infeksi dilakukan pada kalus yang berumur lima hari dan ditanam pada media kultivasi. Pengamatan kalus transforman yang berusia satu bulan setelah infeksi menunjukkan adanya sinyal ekspresi eGFP dengan terbentuknya pendaran berwarna hijau di bawah sinar biru. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa vektor biner pC13-35S-Intron-Sma dapat digunakan untuk transformasi tanaman dengan Agrobacterium.
Keyword: vektor biner, eGFP, intron, Agrobacterium, transformasi tanaman

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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