Judul: Pemanfaatan Sterol Lembaga Gandum (Triticum sp.) Untuk Pencegahan Aterosklerosis
Abstrak: Sterol tanaman (fitosrerol) dapat Menghambat penyerapan Kolesterol secara kompetitif di dlaam saluran pencernaan sehingga menurunkan risiko ateroskterosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan sterol lembaga gandum untuk pencegahaan aterosklerosis. Penelitian terdiri dari lima (5) bagian : (1) mengkaji data konsumsi pangan di Perkotaan dan pedesaan Jawa Barat yang diperoleh dari SUSENAS tahun 2002 dalam kaitannya dengan faktor risiko aterosklerosis; (2) mengekstrak sterol lembaga gandum (3) analisis jenis dan kadar sterol pada ekstrak kasar sterol lembaga gandum; (4) pembuatan margarin yang disuplementasi sterol lembaga gandum menggunakan dua metode (Metode I dan II; dan (5) percobaan hewan total, kolesterol LDL.
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Judul: Potensi Tepung Umbi Dioskorea (Dioscorea alata) untuk Mencegah Aterosklerosis pada Kelinci Percobaan
Abstrak: Recently, cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of adult mortality in the world including in Indonesia. One of major risk factors of cardiovascular disease is hyperlipidemia. Prolonged hyperlipidemia accompanied by LDL oxidation is the first step of the development of atherosclerosis. Selection of food consumed is one way to reduce the risk of the development of atherosclerosis. Dioscorea alata (DA) tuber has potency to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis because it contains several functional compounds; anthocyanins, dietary fiber, and diosgenin. This contents lower the risk by antioxidation, antihyperlipidemia, and antiaggregation mechanisms. The objective of this research was to study the effect of administration of DA flour to inhibit atherosclerosis in laboratory rabbits. There were five specific objectives of the research ; (1) to determine the citric acid concentration and the duration of steam blanching which produce DA flour with the higest bioactive compounds, (2) to determine antioxidation and anti platelet aggregation effects of DA flour by in vitro test, (3) to examine the effects of DA flour administration on the activity of antioxidant enzymes in serum and kidney by in vivo test, 4) to examine the effect of DA flour administration on blood lipid profiles of the rabbits; and (5) to analyze the development of atherosclerosis plaques in aorta, and examine the morphologic change in rabbits kidney tissues. The results showed that 1% citric acid soaking and 10 minutes blanching produced DA flour with the highest anthocyanins and polyphenolic retention as high as 44.51% or 104.36 mg/100 g flour and 62.58% or 198.52 mg equivalent gallic acid/100 g flour, respectively. The flour had antioxidant capacity equal to 1300 mg trolox/100 g. Five or ten minutes steam blanching could reduce the activity of polyphenol oxidase enzyme, therefore retarded the oxidation process that degraded polyphenolic compound. These treatments were applied to produce DA flour which later formulated into rabbits ration. DA water extracts and flours were co-administrated with high cholesterol ration to 30 male New Zealand White rabbits for 60 days with the following ration groups; 1) basal ration as negative control (K0); 2) basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol as positive control (K1); 3) basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol and 1.8 g/100 g of freeze dried DA extract (KE1); 4) basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol and 3.6 g/100 g of freeze dried DA extract (KE2); 5) 15% DA flour in basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol (KT1); and 6) 30% DA flour in basal ration with 0.5% cholesterol (KT2). Experiment on antioxidatif stress effect of DA flour in rabbits showed that the level of SOD serum in rabbit co-administrated with DA flour to high cholesterol ration was significantly higher compared to those fed with cholesterol ration. 30% DA flour substitution into the ration, significantly maintained the level of SOD serum equal to that of administrated with basal ration. The other stress oxidative parameters; malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) activities showed no differences between treatments. The administration of high cholesterol ration increased total cholesterol 16 fold as compared to those administrated with basal ration, and increased cholesterol LDL, and triacylglycerol level significantly. Co-administration
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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