Judul: Insecticidal Activity of Essential Oils Leaves of Cinnamomum spp. (Lauraceae) against Crocidolomia pavonana and Their Phytotoxicity on Broccoli Seedlings
Abstrak: Essential oils from leaves of 13 species of Cinnamomum were tested for their insecticidal activity on the cabbage head caterpillar Crocidolomia pavonana with leaf immerse method. The results showed that the treatment with 1% (w/v) essential oils leaves of C. celebicum, C. multiflorum, C. sintoc, and C. verum caused 21.45, 93.65, 60.30, and 76.10% mortality, respectively. Based on the results of phytotoxicity and insecticidal activity tests, C. multiflorum oil was further tested at 6 concentration levels. In all treatments, larval mortality has occurred at 24 hours after treatment (HAT) and increased at 48 HAT. LC50 of C. multiflorum oil at 24 and 48 HAT was 0.504 and 0.396%, respectively. The treatment with C. multiflorum oil at ≤0.31% did not inhibit the development of C. pavonana larvae. Determination of the chemical constituents of Cinnamomum oils were carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). Totally, 345 compounds were identified. Methyleugenol constituted the main component (49.4%) of leaf essential oil of C. multiflorum and was assumed to be responsible for the insecticidal activity of the oil against C. pavonana larvae. LC50 of pure methyleugenol obtained at 0.365% (48 HAT) and 0.363% (72 HAT). The results showed that C. multiflorum was more effective with LC50 value equivalent to methyleugenol content of 0.32% (24 HAT) and 0.24% (48 HAT).
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Judul: Aktivitas Insektisida Campuran Ekstrak Buah Piper aduncum (Piperaceae) dan Sapindus rarak (Sapindaceae) terhadap Larva Crocidolomia pavonana
Abstrak: Crocidolomia pavonana is an important pest of Brassicaceous vegetable crops. Piper aduncum and Sapindus rarak fruit extracts are potential for the control of C. pavonana larvae. Insecticidal activity of P. aduncum and S. rarak fruit extracts as well as their mixtures was evaluated against C. pavonana larvae in the laboratory. Ethyl acetate P. aduncum (EtPa) extract as well as methanolic S. rarak (MeSr) and aqueous S. rarak (AqSr) extracts were tested separately and in mixtures against second-instar larvae C. pavonana by a leaf-residue feeding method. In general, mortality of C. pavonana larvae in the treatment with all test extracts increased sharply between 24 and 48 hours after treatment (HAT). Based on LC50 and LC95 at 72 HAT, EtPa extract was about 7.7 and 8.1 times and 14.5 and 12.8 times, respectively, more toxic to C. pavonana larvae than MeSr and AqSr extracts. At LC95 level, EtPa + MeSr extract mixture (1:10 w/w) was about 1.64 times more toxic to the test larvae than EtPa + AqSr extract mixture (1:10 w/w). Based on combination index at 48, 72, and 96 HAT assessment, EtPa and MeSr extract mixture at LC50 level as well as EtPa and AqSr extract mixture at LC50 and LC95 levels had additive joint action, while EtPa and MeSr extract mixture at LC95 was weakly synergistic. In addition to lethal effect, the treatment with all test materials delayed the development of C. pavonana larvae from second-instar to fourth instar. Thus, EtPa, MeSr, and AqSr extracts as well as the mixtures between EtPa and S. rarak extracts are potential alternatives for the control of C. pavonana pest.
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Judul: Penggunaan data spasial dalam struktur raster sebagai komponen sistem informasi geografi
Abstrak: Penggambaran peta dengan komputer merupakan penggambaran peta secara digital yang dikenal dengan nama pendigitasian. Data digitasi peta merupakan data masukan bagi Sistem Informasi Geografi (SIG). SIG merupakan sistem penanganan, dan pengelolaan data dan informasi geografi. Data yang menjadi bahan baku adalah data spasial atau data yang mengacu pada lokasi geografi. Dalam hal ini data dapat berasal dari peta dan data penginderaan jauh. Selain itu data masukan dapat pula berupa data non- spasial. Data ini dihubungkan dengan suatu atribut dari suatu legenda peta. Atribut dapat dicirikan oleh warna atau simbol yang artinya didefinisikan dalam legenda, sehingga pada SIG, data atribut nonspasial disimpan dalam bentuk yang dapat digunakan untuk analisis data. Struktur data spasial yang dipergunakan pada komputer adalah struktur vektor dan struktur raster. Struktur vektor menggambarkan titik, garis, dan poligon yang di- rangkai oleh koordinat-koordinat. Sedangkan struktur raster menyajikan nilai suatu sel kisi (grid cell) atau pixel yang dicatat dalam bentuk matriks. Masing-masing struktur tersebut dapat dikonversikan, yaitu struktur vektor dikonversikan menjadi struktur raster atau sebaliknya. Dengan demikian tidak ada perbe- daan sewaktu digunakan untuk analisis. ...
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