Judul: The Percentage of Internal Organs Weight of Broilers give The Suplementation Probiotics (Bacillus coagulans strain D3372) in Feed
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian probiotik terhadap persentase berat organ dalam serta persentase panjang organ dalam ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 35 hari. Probiotik yang digunakan adalah Bacillus coagulans strain D3372 berbentuk tepung yang ditambahkan dalam pakan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 600 ekor ayam berumur 1 hari yang dipelihara hingga umur 35 hari dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan, setiap ulangan terdiri atas 30 ekor ayam. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah P0: Tanpa probiotik (pakan basal), P1: Pakan Basal + Probiotik 105 cfu g-1, P2: Pakan basal + probiotik 106 cfu g-1. P3: Pakam basal + Probiotik 107 cfu g-1. Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot organ dalam, bobot organ pencernaan serta panjang saluran pencernaan. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA, jika pada analisi ANOVA didapatkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0,05) , maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan penambahan B. coagulans strain D3372 tidak menunjukkan pengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap bobot hati, bobot jantung, bobot limfa, bobot empedu, bobot gizzard, bobot dan panjang relatif usus halus, bobot dan panjang relaif sekum serta bobot dan panjang relatif kolon. Penambahan probiotik B. coagulans strain D3372 107 cfu g-1 meunjukan pengaruh nyata terhadap penigkatkan persentase bobot pankreas. Pemberian Bacillus coagulans strain D3372 yang ditambahkan dalam pakan belum efektif mengoptimalkan fungsi organ dalam. Kata kunci: ayam broiler, Bacillus coagulans strain D3372, persentase organ dalam, probiotik., The experiment was aimed to study the effect of feeding supplementation of probitoc bacillus coagulans strain D3372 on the percentage of internal organ that have been .This study used 600 day old chick (DOC) broilers were reared up to 35-days-old with 4 treatments and 5 replication, each replication consisted of 30 boilers. This study was cinducted using Completely Randomized Design. The treatments diets containing different level of Probiotic B. coagullans strains D3372 (P0: without probiotic, P1: probiotic with level 105 cfu g-1, P2: probiotic with level 106 cfu g-1, P3: probiotic with level 107 cfu g-1). Parameters observed were weight of internal organs and intestinal organ and length of intestinal tract. Data from completely randomized design were analyzed with ANOVA. The results showed that the addition of B. coagulans strain D3372 showed no significant effect (P>0,05) on liver weight, heart weight, spleen weight, bile weight, gizzard weight, weight and length of small intestine, weight and relative length of cecum and weight and length relative of colon. The addition of probiotic B. coagulans strain D3372 107 cfu g-1 showed a significant effect on increasing the percentage of pancreatic weight. The addition of Bacillus coagulans strain D3372 in feed did not have a negative effect on internal organs. Keywords: broilers, Bacillus coagulans strain D3372, internal organs weight percentage, probiotics
Keyword: broilers, Bacillus coagulans strain D3372, internal organs weight percentage, probiotics

Judul: Evaluation of Combined Feeding Probiotics  or Single on Weight Percentage of Giblets and Immunity Organs of Broiler Chicken.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini betujuan untuk mengevaluasi pemberian beberapa jenis probiotik terhadap persentase bobot organ dalam dan organ imunitas ayam broiler. Percobaan ini menggunakan 600 ekor ayam dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri 6 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P1 = Ransum tanpa probiotik, P2 = Ransum + lactibacillus lactis D1813, P3 = Ransum + Bacillus licheniformis D3270, P4 = Ransum + Bacillus licheniformis D3270 +Lactobacilllus lactis D1813, P5= Ransum + Bacillus subtilis (spora), P6 = Ransum + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (spora) Ecobiol. Peubah yang diamati yaitu persentase dari bobot organ dalam, bobot organ imunitas, bobot saluran pencernaan dan panjang relatif saluran pencernaan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik kombinasi maupun individu di dalam ransum ini tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap bobot organ dalam, imunitas dan panjang relatif saluran pencernaan. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah pemberian probiotik kombinasi maupun individu tidak mengganggu kinerja organ dalam dan imunitas ayam broiler, The objective of the study was to evaluate the supplementation of different probiotics on the percentage of the giblets and immunity organs weight of broilers. The design used in the study used were 600 birds broiler chicken completely randomized design (RAL) with six treatments and five replications. The treatments of broiler rations consisted of P1 = ration without probiotics, P2= ration + lactibacillus lactis D1813, P3= ration + Bacillus licheniformis D3270, P4= Ration + Bacillus licheniformis D3270 + Lactobacilllus lactis D1813, P5=ration + Bacillus subtilis (spore), P6=ration + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (spora) Ecobiol. Variables Observed were the percentage of giblets, immunity organs, the relative length of the digestive tract. The Result of the study was that the addition of single or combined dietary probiotics does not have significant effect on the weight percentage of giblets, immunity organs, and the relative length of digestive tract of broiler chickens. The conclusion of the study was that the addition of single or combined dietary probiotics does not impact on the weight percentage of giblets and immunity organs.
Keyword: broiler, immunity, giblets, growth, probiotics

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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