Judul: Toksisitas Akut Ekstrak Daun Tephrosia vogelii dan Efeknya terhadap Patologi Anatomi Organ pada Tikus Putih
Abstrak: Leaf extract of Tephrosia vogelii has been extensively tested and proven its effectiveness against a variety of insect pests. Insecticides that can be used in integrated pest management should not only effective against the target pest but also meet the safety requirements to non-target organisms. In this study the acute toxicity effect of T.vogelii leaf extract was tested to white rats. Four doses level was tested, i.e. 25, 50, 100, and 200 mg extract of kg body weight. The extract was given in a single dose using a blunt tip syringe. Observations were made at 15 and 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4 hours after treatment and every day until 14 day after treatment. The variable observed were mortality of rats and consumption of paddy. The mortality data was analyzed to determine LD50 of the leaf extract. The result gave LD50 of T.vogelii extract was 92.897 mg of kg body weight which indicate that the extract was very toxic to rats. The body weights of the rats decreased in first day after treatment. Extract of leaf T.vogelii decreased consumption of paddy by the rats at all doses, except control and 25 mg/kg body weight. Dose 200 mg of kg body weight caused congestion in the liver and lungs, and inflammation of the intestines and stomach.
Keyword: pathology., Rattus norvegicus, Tephrosia vogelii, acute toxicity

Judul: Pengaruh Ekstrak Teripang Oler (Holothuria atra) Terhadap Organ
Pencernaan Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus)
Abstrak: Teripang diketahui memiliki kandungan nutrisi yang tinggi dan kaya dengan bahan bioaktif yang menunjukkan manfaat medis. Saat ini teripang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam industri makanan dan biomedis, namun manfaatnya terhadap organ pencernaan masih belum diketahui secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengamati pengaruh pemberian ekstrak teripang oler (Holothuria atra) terhadap morfologi organ lambung, pankreas, dan usus halus pada saluran pencernaan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak 18 ekor tikus dibagi dalam enam kelompok dengan pemberian ekstrak teripang dengan dosis bertingkat. Kelompok B, C, D, E, dan F masing-masing diberi ekstrak teripang pada dosis 25 mg/kgBB, 50 mg/kgBB, 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, dan 400 mg/kgBB, sedangkan kelompok A merupakan kelompok kontrol diberi aquadest. Pemberian ekstrak teripang dilakukan dengan menggunakan sonde lambung. Seluruh tikus dinekropsi setelah pemberian pelakuan selama 90 hari. Organ lambung, usus, dan pankreas dijadikan sampel dan diproses menjadi sediaan histopatologi menggunakan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE). Pemberian ekstrak teripang pada kelompok C menunjukkan peningkatan jumlah sel parietal dan sel Chief di lambung, penurunan sel degenerasi di pankreas, dan peningkatan tinggi vili, luas permukaan vili, dan jumlah kripta serta penurunan jumlah sel radang submukosa di usus halus. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, ekstrak teripang pada kelompok C memberi pengaruh yang paling baik. Penggunaan teripang dengan dosis 50 mg/kgBB berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan.
Keyword: histopatologi, lambung, pankreas, teripang, usus

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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