Judul: Respon anatomi struktur sekretori getah kuning, morfologi, dan fisiologi buah manggis (garcinia mangostana l.) Terhadap aplikasi kalsium secara eksternal
Abstrak: Yellow latex (gamboges) in mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) resulted from the damage of epithelium wall secretory duct in the pericarp is presumably caused by deficiency of calcium. The application of Ca to the soil in previous experiment didn’t increase calcium content on the fruit’s pericarp sufficiently. Therefore, the alternative method may need to be tried to improve Ca content. The objective of this research was to study the effect of calcium spraying to the growing mangosteen fruit on the anatomical structure of yellow latex secretory duct, morphological and physiological response. The Randomized Block Design with three replications was applied on fruit surface of ±30 years old mangosteen trees in Leuwiliang sub district. The treatments were CaCl2 0.25 M, CaCl2 0.5 M, CaCl2 1 M, Ca(OH)2 0.25 M, Ca(OH)2 0.5 M, and Ca(OH)2 1 M that was performed at the 2nd, 4th, 6th, 8th weeks after anthesis (WAA). The parameters analyzed were the thickness, length and wide of epithelium secretory duct cell wall, yellow latex score, physical and chemical characteristics, calcium content and. The result showed that Ca application was generally able to decrease yellow latex score on the skin as well as in the aril, but there was different respond between CaCl2 and Ca(OH)2 treatment. The reduction of yellow latex score on skin was highest on Ca(OH)2 1M treatment (26%) while on the aril it was CaCl2 0.5 M treatment (28%). The physiology respond showed that the increase Ca pectat was in accordance to the reduction of yellow latex score on the skin fruit. The application of Ca didn’t influence physical and chemical characteristics of the fruit neither total Ca content of the pericarp significantly.
Keyword: 

Judul: Study to Control Yellow Latex and Pericarp Hardening of Mangosteen Fruit (Garcinia mangostana L.) with Calcium Spraying Aplication.
Abstrak: Calcium is one of important elements of cell membrane component and strengthen cell wall. Calcium is normally bound to pectin compound as a middle lamella component. Calcium deficiency affect the degradation of cell wall integrity. Low calcium content in the pericarp of mangosteen fruit could triggering the incidence of yellow latex or gamboges disorder on aryl and fruit pericarp. An experiment was conducted to determine the optimum combination of spraying frequency and concentration of CaCl2 in controlling yellow latex, pericarp hardening and quality of fruit. Factorial experiment was designed with two factors and three replications. The first factor was frequency of CaCl2 spraying that consist of three levels, i.e twice, four and six times. The second factor was calcium concentration that consist of four levels, i.e 0, 12, 24 and 36 g L-1. Result indicated that the combination of frequency of six times with 24 g L-1 is effective to reduce percentage of yellow latex in the aryl by 86% and 69% in the pericarp without pericarp hardening and reduction in fruit quality at harvest time and after 20 days storage
Keyword: 

Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg