Judul: Proliferation inhibition of HCT-116 colon cancer cell byfermentation product of resistant starch type 3 derived from sago and rice
Abstrak: Kanker kolon dan rektum (colorectal cancer, CRC), adalah pertumbuhan sel yang tak terkendali (neoplasia) pada daerah usus besar sehingga mengganggu sistem pencernaan secara lokal dan mekanisme fisiologis tubuh secara umum.Ada sekitar 1,2 juta kasus CRC pada tahun 2008 atau mencapai sekitar 9,8% di seluruh dunia.Sekitar 80% dari kasus CRC berkaitan dengan diet, 15% disebabkan oleh faktor keturunan sedangkan sisanya berasal dari faktor lain termasuk lingkungan. Keadaan tersebut menunjukkan bahwa CRC dapat dihin-dari dengan mengonsumsi bahan pangan yang sesuai. Pati resisten tipe 3 (Resis-tant starch type 3, RS3) merupakan salah satu komponen bahan pangan yang mampu memenuhi kebutuhan tersebut. Pati tak tercerna (Resistant Starch, RS) didefinisikan sebagai fraksi pati yang tidak terserap oleh sistem pencernaan pada individu yang sehat. Ada empat kelompok RS, yaitu RS1, RS2, RS3, dan RS4. RS1 adalah pati yang secara fisik terperangkap di dalam matriks sehingga tidak dapat diakses oleh enzim. RS2 adalah granula pati mentah yang didominasi oleh struktur kristalin sehingga sulit dihidrolisis oleh enzim. RS3 adalah pati retrogradasi dan RS4 adalah pati modifikasi secara kimiawi. RS langsung memasuki usus besar (kolon) kemudian difermentasi oleh mikroflora yang ada di dalamnyamenghasilkan produk utama asam lemak rantai pendek (short chain fatty acid, SCFA,), yaitu asam asetat, propionat, dan butirat. SCFA terutama butirat merupakan sumber energi utama bagi sel-sel kolon normal dan mampu mencegah/menghambat kanker. Penghambatan proliferasi dan induksi apoptosis merupakan salah satu sasaran dalam pencegahan penyakit kanker.
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Judul: Short chain fatty acid profile during in vitro fermentation of Eubacterium rectale on sukuh sweet potato type-iii resistant starch media
Abstrak: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cause of cancer-related mortality in the world. Within Europe, North America, Australia, and New Zealand, it is the second most common cancer after lung or breast and in general, the incidence and mortality of the disease are increasing. Evidence suggests that diet plays a significant role in the aetiology of CRC. This condition leads to pursue basic research on the development of type-III resistant starch as one of the functional food ingredient with potential cancer prevention ability. Type-III resistant starch represents retrograded starch, which form crystalline structure of amylose through hydrogen bond in double helices structure. It is not digested by human starch degrading enzyme and will thus undergo bacterial fermentation in the colon. The main fermentation products are short chain fatty acid (SCFA) acetate, propionate, and butyrate. Butyrate plays a key role in the energy metabolism of the colonic epithelial cells and thought to be important in the maintenance of colonic health in humans, that is potential of inhibiting cancer cell.
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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