Judul: Leucocyte Profiles on Sprague-Dawley Rats Model of Hyperoxaluria That was Given Avocado Leaves and Cogon Grass Roots Combined Extracts
Abstrak: Nefrolithiasis atau pembentukan batu ginjal dapat disebabkan oleh peningkatan kadar oksalat dalam tubuh. Kombinasi herbal alpukat dan alang-alang dikembangkan sebagai bahan yang berpotensi sebagai antilithiasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji efek kombinasi herbal daun alpukat dan akar alang-alang terhadap jumlah leukosit dan diferensial leukosit pada model tikus galur Sprague- Dawley yang diinduksi etilen glikol dan ammonium klorida sebagai hewan model hiperoksaluria. Tikus dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol normal, kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, kombinasi ekstrak akar alang-alang dosis 100 mg/kg BB dan ekstrak daun alpukat dosis 300 mg/kg BB, serta kombinasi ekstrak akar alang-alang dosis 300 mg/kg BB dan ekstrak daun alpukat dosis 100 mg/kg BB. Perlakuan diberikan selama 28 hari, dan sampel darah dikoleksi pada hari ke-14 dan 28. Kadar limfosit dan monosit tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata antar kelompok perlakuan. Terdapat perbedaan nyata pada rataan jumlah leukosit antara kelompok kombinasi dengan kontrol negatif pada hari ke-28. Kelompok ALP-al menunjukkan rataan granulosit yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif (p<0,05). Kedua kombinasi ekstrak menunjukkan potensi dalam menurunkan peradangan pada hari ke-28 pasca induksi hiperoksaluria, dan kombinasi herbal yang didominasi daun alpukat memiliki potensi efek antiinflamasi yang lebih baik.
Keyword: nefrolithiasis, daun alpukat, akar alang-alang, leukosit, diferensial leukosit

Judul: Pengaruh Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Alpukat dan Akar Alang-alang pada Kadar Ureum dan Kreatinin Tikus Model Nefrolitiasis
Abstrak: Alpukat dan alang-alang merupakan tanaman herbal yang mengandung flavonoid, yang secara emipiris mampu mengatasi masalah nefrolitiasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak daun alpukat dan akar alang-alang pada kadar ureum dan kreatinin tikus yang diinduksi etilen glikol dan amonium klorida. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague-Dawley, dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yaitu normal (A), negatif (B), positif (C), kombinasi 1 (D), dan kombinasi 2 (E). Pengambilan darah dilakukan pada hari ke-14 dan hari ke-28. Kadar ureum dan kreatinin diperiksa dengan alat Semi Auto Chemistry Analyzer Mindray-BA-88A. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kadar ureum kelompok kombinasi 1 lebih rendah (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan kelompok negatif pada hari ke-28, sementara kadar kreatinin kelompok kombinasi 1 memiliki nilai yang rendah dan tidak berbeda nyata pada hari ke-14 dan ke-28. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan pemberian kombinasi 1 merupakan dosis terbaik pada penelitian ini dalam menurunkan kadar ureum dan mempertahankan kadar kreatinin pada tikus model nefrolitiasis., Avocado and reeds are herbal plants containing flavonoids, which can treat nephrolithiasis. This study examines the combination effect of avocado leaf extract and reed roots on urea and creatinine levels in rats induced by ethylene glycol and ammonium chloride. In this study, used 25 male white rats of the Sprague-Dawley strain were divided into 5 treatment groups, normal (A), negative (B), positive (C), combination 1 (D), and combination 2 (E). Blood sampling was conducted on the 14th and 28th day and checked using a Mindray-BA-88A Semi Auto Chemistry Analyzer machine. The results showed that the urea level in combination group 1 was lower (p<0.05) compared to the negative group on day 28th, while the creatinine level in combination group 1 had a low value and was not significantly different on 14th and 28th day. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that giving combination 1 is the best dose in this study in reducing urea levels and maintaining creatinine levels in nephrolithiasis model mice.
Keyword: antinephrolithiasis, reed roots extract, avocado leaf extract, creatinine levels, urea levels

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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