Judul: Analisa efisiensi ekonomis usaha peternakan sapi perah rakyat (Studi kasus di Desa Margamukti, Kecamatan Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung)
Abstrak: Laporan Praktek Lapang ini bertujuan untuk melihat faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi produksi susu pada usaha peternakan sapi perah rakyat serta menilai efisiensi penggunaan faktor-faktor produksi guna menyusunsuatu rencana perbaikan-perbaikan agar tercapai suatu keadaan dimana alokasi sumberdaya menjadi optimal.
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Judul: Efisiensi ekonomi faktor-faktor produksi pada usaha peternakan sapi perah rakyat : Studi kasus di Desa Cilebut Barat, Kecamatan Semplak, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metoda studi kasus dengan mewawancarai empat puluh peternak contoh. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui faktor- faktor yang mempengaruhi proses produksi susu di daerah peneltitian ini. Secara lebih khusus, ia akan melihat tingkat efisiensi yang telah dicapai. Dari hasil pengolahan data menunjukkan bahwa faktor- faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap proses produksi susu adalah jumlah sapi laktasi (X₁), jumlah makanan konsentrat (X3) dan jumlah makanan hijauan (X4). Peubah jumlah kerja produktif (X2) ternyata tidak berpengaruh nyata pada proses produksi susu di Desa Cilebut ini. Oleh karena itu pendapatan yang diperoleh merupakan pendapatan tunai keluarga peternak.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell