Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Bubuk Daun Cincau Hijau (Premna oblongifolia Merr) Terhadap Gambaran Histopatologis Jaringan Hati Mencit C3H yang Ditransplantasi Sel Tumor Kelenjar Susu
Abstrak: Being the second of the biggest killer machine in the world, cancer still has a possibility to be prevented. Cancer curing usually involves radiotherapy and chemotherapy which have cytotoxic effects not only for the cancer cells but also for the normal cells. The best way to prevent cancer is by consuming natural food products. Natural foods such as fruits and vegetables have been proved to have many benefit effects to body health. Cincau hijau extracts had been proved to have anticancer activity; to be toxic to cancer cells but not toxic to normal cells according to in vitro researchs. The in vivo anticancer activities of cincau hijau Premna oblongifolia Merr was examined in this study by using C3H mice. The dosages of cincau hijau leaf powder given to the mice were 0.88%, 1.76%, and 2.64% in powder form. The 2.64% dosage had a decreasing effect in mice body weight. Tumor volume increased significantly in the negative control group, especially eleven days after the tumor cell transplantion. Mice tumor latency period and liver weight were not significantly different (p>0.05). Tumor tissue weights of negative control and 0.88% group were significantly larger than the others (p<0.05). Hepatocytes lesions were observed histologically using hematoxylin-eosin staining process and counted in percentage and statistical score. The percentage of normal hepatocytes of the negative control was the highest (3.18%). The percentage of hydropic degeneration of 0.88% group was the highest (30.66%). Hepatocytes lesions by hydropic degeneration between negative control and the 0.88%, 1.76%, and 2.64% groups were not significantly different (p>0.05). The percentage of fatty degeneration of the 2.64% group was the highest (77.76%). Hepatocytes lesions by fatty degeneration between positive, negative control, and the 0.88% were not significantly different (p>0.05). The percentage of necrosis of the 0.88% group was the highest (11.05%). Hepatocytes lesions by necrosis between negative control and the 1.76% and 2.64% groups were not significantly different (p>0.05), and the hepatocytes lesions by necrosis of 0.88% group was significantly larger than the others (p<0.05). Liver degeneration might be caused by the tumor existence and growth which continue to affect liver metabolism. The 0.88% dosage had not shown effective protection to liver injury. It might be caused by the amount of feed consumption which was not significantly different (p>0.05) and by the tumor.
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Judul: Mechanism of antitumor activity of green gel leaf (premna oblongifolia merr.) Powder on breast tumor cells transplanted c3h mice
Abstrak: This research aims to study the effects of antitumor activity of green gel leaf (Premna oblongifolia Merr.) powder on breast tumor cells transplanted C3H mice. Chemical analysis of the powder and histopathological analysis of the breast tumor tissue of C3H mice were performed. The chemical analysis consist of phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity by free radical scavenger DPPH method. The positive phytochemical compound detection on the powder consists of alkaloids, saponins, phenol hydroquinones, molisch, benedict and tanins. The antioxidant activity by free radical scavenger DPPH method showed that the IC50 Keywords:C3H mice, green gelatin leaves powder dose, HE, CD31, caspase-3 of the powder methanolic extract was 16,90 ppm on the highest inhibition percentage (90,52%) on the 200 ppm concentration of the powder methanolic extract. The histopathological methods consist of haematoxylin-eosin (HE) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. The result showed that the best dose of the powder on the feed was the 2,64%. It was supported by the HE and IHC scores. The HE staining showed that the tumor tissues of the mice groups with 2,64% powder on the feed has the least average differentiation scores. It means that the tumor tissues has least change morphologically by the cell mutation that potentially make it became cancer. The scores were 3,00+0,00 for the lowest tumor weight and volume and 4,00+0,00 for the highest one. The IHC staining showed the tumor tissues has equal average scores for the vascularization (CD31) and apoptotic (caspase-3) scores. The CD31 IHC scores was 3,83+0,98 for non-localized brown color of DAB on the lowest tumor weight and volume. The CD31 IHC scores was 4,17+0,75 for non-localized brown color of DAB on the highest one. The caspase-3 IHC scores were 0,44+0,73 for localized and 3,33+1,58 for non-localized brown color of DAB on the lowest tumor weight and volume. The kaspase-3 IHC scores were 0,38+0,74 for localized and 3,38+0,92 for non-localized brown color of DAB on the highest one. These mean that the dose may decrease relatively the breast tumor weight and volume of the C3H mice.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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