Judul: Characterization of Asian Tiger Mosquito (Aedes albopictus) as Potential Vector of Arboviruses in Non-Human Primates Breeding Facilities Environment
Abstrak: Wildlife-originated infectious diseases present a significant threat to global health, security, and economic growth, thus combatting their emergence is a public health priority. Non-human primates (NHPs) frequently act as reservoirs for arboviruses causing diseases in humans. Arboviruses of significant concern in NHPs populations among others are Yellow Fever virus (YFV), Dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), and Chikungunya virus (CHIKV). The diseases caused by arboviruses usually do not show clinical symptoms but can cause viremia conditions, so the viruses are maintained in nature, include in NHPs’ breeding facilities. The Primate Research Center (PRC) IPB University is a renowned research center that conducts advanced research on Indonesian primate biology. The PRC IPB University activities encompass various aspects, such as compiling biological data banks, characterizing population genetics within the colony and in the wild, and conducting conservation research. PRC IPB University possesses breeding facilities for NHPs located in urban and peri-urban areas close to human settlements. Aedes albopictus is reported as a competent vector of more than 20 arboviruses and a significant vector for important pathogenic arboviruses such as CHIKV, ZIKV, and DENV. The presence of Ae. albopictus in NHPs’ breeding facilities can contribute to the transmission of Aedes-borne viral diseases within and between NHPs, as well as between NHPs and humans, or even among humans themselves. There are not yet any previous report on a comprehensive investigation of Ae. albopictus in Indonesia NHPs’ breeding facilities. The presence of Ae. albopictus in both urban and peri-urban regions, where NHPs' breeding facilities are situated, could potentially serve as a contributing factor in the transmission of Aedes-borne viral diseases between NHPs and humans (and vice versa), as well as among human populations. This research was a comprehensive study regarding Ae. albopictus as a potential arboviruses vector in NHPs’ breeding facilities environments of PRC IPB University. This research consisted of 5 stages as follows (1) biology and life table of the Ae. albopictus populations collected from urban and peri-urban area of NHPs’ breeding facilities under laboratory conditions (2) genetic structure of the Ae. albopictus collected from urban and peri-urban area of NHPs' breeding facilities based on cytochrome oxidase 1 gene (3) Arboviruses circulation and Wolbachia molecular typing of the Ae. albopictus populations collected from urban and peri-urban area of NHPs’ breeding facilities (4) the diversity and composition of gut and larvae microbiota in Ae. albopictus from urban and peri-urban area of NHPs’ breeding facilities (5) characteristic habitat of Ae. albopictus and species distribution model in peri-urban area of NHPs’ breeding facilities. Ae. albopictus biting behavior in urban and peri-urban area NHPs breeding facilities exhibited distinct bimodal activity patterns, with a peak in the morning around 09:00-10:00 and another peak in the evening around 16:00-17:00. Ae. albopictus mosquitoes from urban area demonstrated greater fecundity, longer lifespan, more gonotrophic cycles, and a higher net reproduction rate (R0) than their counterparts from peri-urban area. Cytochrome oxidase 1 sequences with 643 base pairs (bp) length were obtained from Ae. albopictus from both populations. Seven bp of nucleotide variation were found with a nucleotide diversity value was 0.00294. Seven haplotypes were formed
Keyword: Aedes albopictus, arboviruses, infectious disease, medical entomology, non-human primates

Judul: An Entomological Study of Aedes albopictus for Vector Control of Chikungunya and Dengue in Tangerang District
Abstrak: Nyamuk (famili Culicidae) menjadi pusat perhatian dalam penelitian entomologi di seluruh dunia karena perannya sebagai vektor dari berbagai virus dan parasit yang dapat menyerang manusia dan hewan. Aedes albopictus dikenal juga sebagai Asian tiger mosquito, merupakan nyamuk yang invasif dapat ditemukan di wilayah tropis dan empat musim. Spesies ini berhubungan dengan kesehatan masyarakat karena perannya sebagai vektor dari beberapa arbovirus, yaitu Dengue (DENV), Chikungunya (CHIKV) dan virus Zika. Ae. albopictus mentrasmisikan virus Chikungunya lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan nyamuk Ae. aegypti. Kabupaten Tangerang terdiri atas 29 kecamatan, 274 desa dengan jumlah penduduk sekitar 3.140.473 jiwa. Pada bulan Agustus tahun 2014 terjadi Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) Chikungunya di Kecamatan Curug Kabupaten Tangerang yang juga merupakan kecamatan endemis Dengue. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk menganalisis bioekologi nyamuk Ae. albopictus sebagai dasar penyusunan strategi pengendalian Chikungunya dan Dengue di Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada dua musim yaitu musim hujan (Januari sampai dengan Maret 2018) dan musim kemarau (Mei sampai dengan Juli 2018). Pengumpulan telur dan larva nyamuk dilakukan di 7 desa/kelurahan (Kelurahan Binong, Kelurahan Sukabakti, Desa Kadu, Desa Kadu Jaya, Desa Cukanggalih, Desa Curug Kulon dan Desa Curug Wetan). Koleksi dilakukan di 100 rumah setiap desa/kelurahan sehingga total sampel 700. Pengumpulan nyamuk dewasa dilakukan di Kelurahan Binong, setiap 2 minggu sekali pada musim hujan dan musim kemarau. Kegiatan survei pengetahuan dan sikap masyarakat terhadap pencegahan Chikungunya melalui wawancara di Kelurahan Binong Kecamatan Curug. Satu rumah diwakili satu orang total sampel 100 orang yang diwawancarai. Hasil penelitian didapatkan empat spesies nyamuk di luar rumah pada siang hari yaitu Ae. albopictus terjadi pada bulan Mei ( 80,53%), Armigeres subalbatus pada bulan Januari (21,28%), Ae. aegypti pada bulan Juni (16,30%) dan Culex. quinquefasciatus pada bulan Maret (2,65%). Kepadatan Ae. albopictus memperlihatkan korelasi yang tidak signifikan dengan ICH (r = 0,195 dan p = 0,712). Ar. subalbatus (r = 0,025 dan p = 0,963) dan Ae. aegypti (r = 0,181 dan p = 0,731) juga memperlihatkan korelasi yang tidak signifikan dengan ICH. Hanya Cx. quinquefasciatus yang memperlihatkan korelasi signifikan dengan ICH (r = 0,894 dan p = 0,016). Cx. quinquefasciatus ditemukan di beberapa titik penelitian karena adanya saluran air (parit) yang merupakan tempat perindukan Cx. quinquefasciatus, yang mudah tergenang air ketika hujan. Di lain pihak Ae. albopictus dan Ae. aegypti mempunyai tempat perindukan yang tersembunyi dan sifat telurnya yang tahan kekeringan. Pada penelitian yang dilakukan di 7 desa/kelurahan di Kecamatan Curug didapatkan rata-rata 41,05±1,63 telur/ovitrap dengan indeks ovitrap tertinggi (96%) di kelurahan Binong. Kelurahan Binong merupakan wilayah permukiman dan sedikit vegetasi tetapi banyak ditemukan barang-barang bekas yang berpotensi menjadi tempat perindukan nyamuk. Indeks ovitrap paling rendah di Kelurahan Sukabakti (90%). Ae. albopictus (58,46%) lebih banyak dibandingkan Ae. aegypti (41,54%) dari telur yang ditetaskan pada pemasangan 1400 ovitrap di luar rumah. Hasil penelitian ini didapatkan dari 2990 kontainer yang terdiri atas 1545 (51,67%) kontainer yang dapat dikontrol (Controllable Containers) dan 1445 (48,33%) kontainer yang tidak dapat dikontrol (Disposible Containers). Kontainer yang positif larva Ae. albopictus sebanyak 1320 kontainer yang berasal dari 597 (45,23%) kontainer yang dapat dikontrol dan 723 (54,77%%) kontainer yang tidak dapat dikontrol. Rata-rata hasil pengukuran kepadatan
Keyword: Ae, albopictus, Chikungunya, habitat characteristic, knowledge and attitude

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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