Judul: Analisis beberapa faktor pembeda keragaman kunsumsi kalori dan protein antar wilayah di Indonesia
Abstrak: Penelitian ini menggunakan data konsumsi rumahtangga SUSENAS, BPS, 1984 yang dilaksanakan satu putaran yakni Peb- ruari 1984. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa secara keseluruhan konsumsi kalori dan protein penduduk Indonesia masih di ba- vah standard rekomendasi tahun 1984, yaitu 1 955 kalori dan 44.68 gram protein per kapita per hari atau 90 persen dari anjuran 2 172 kalori dan 49.64 gram protein per kapita per hari. Kekurangan yang terjadi adalah sebanyak 157 kalori a- tau 8.03 persen dan untuk protein 1.39 gram atau 3.11 persen.. Pola makan dominan penduduk Indonesia adalah pola makan. beras-umbi-umbian-sayur dan buah-buahan-makanan lain, di ma- na sebagian besar kalori dan protein yang dikonsumsi penduduk Indonesia bersumber pada bahan makanan asal nabati. Sejalan. dengan lebih meratanya distribusi pendapatan yang terjadi, tingkat konsumsi kalori dan protein wilayah pedesaan relatif lebih baik daripada wilayah perkotaan dan propinsi..dst
Keyword: Nutrition, Protein, Calories

Judul: Analysis of Energy and Protein Consumption in Western, Central, and Eastern Regions of Indonesia in 2022
Abstrak: Indonesia terbagi menjadi wilayah barat, tengah, dan timur. Setiap wilayah memiliki karakteristik lingkungan, alam, dan karakteristik penduduk yang berbeda. Perbedaan tersebut mempengaruhi konsumsi pangan yang menentukan konsumsi energi dan protein. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan konsumsi energi dan protein di ketiga wilayah. Penelitian menggunakan desain ekologis dan dilakukan pada April-Mei 2024. Data bersumber dari Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional. Subjek penelitian adalah 34 provinsi Indonesia. Pengolahan data menggunakan Microsoft excel 2021 untuk mengetahui rata-rata konsumsi dan ragam populasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sumbangan energi terbesar di wilayah ketiga wilayah berasal dari padi-padian, makanan dan minuman jadi, serta minyak dan kelapa. Khusus di wilayah timur umbi-umbian juga berkontribusi besar. Konsumsi protein terbesar di ketiga wilayah berasal dari padi-padian selanjutnya di wilayah barat berasal dari kelompok makanan dan minuman jadi sedangkan di kedua wilayah lainnya dari kelompok ikan/udang/cumi/kerang. Kecukupan energi di wilayah barat dan tengah adalah sebesar 99,1 % dan 97,8 % sedangkan di wilayah timur hanya sebesar 88,8 % dan tergolong defisit ringan. Kecukupan protein di wilayah barat sebesar 110%, di wilayah tengah sebesar 109,6 %, dan di wilayah timur sebesar 91,2 %. Kecukupan protein ketiganya tergolong normal., Indonesia divides into western, central, and eastern regions. Each has different environmental, natural and population characteristics. These differences affect food consumption, which determines energy and protein consumption. Research aims to determine the differences in energy and protein consumption in the three regions. Research using ecological design and conducted in April-May 2024. Data sourced from the National Socio-Economic Survey. The subjects were 34 provinces of Indonesia. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2021 to determine the average consumption and population variation. Research shows that the largest energy contributions in three regions come from grains, food and processed beverages, and oil and coconut. Especially in the eastern region tubers also contributed greatly. The largest protein consumption in all three regions came from grains. The next largest protein in the western region came from the food and processed beverages group while in the other two regions from the fish/shrimp/squid/chicken group. Energy adequacy in the western and central regions was 99.1 % and 97.8 % while in the eastern region it was only 88.8% and classified as a mild deficit. Protein adequacy in western region was 110%, in central region was 109.6 %, and in eastern region was 91.2%. The protein adequacy considered normal in all regions.
Keyword: Food consumption, protein, Energi, wilayah

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4