Judul: Design of Lead Time Management in Cheese Product Outbound Process at PT XYZ
Abstrak: PT XYZ merupakan perusahaan distributor makanan, minuman, dan bahan baku yang salah satunya mendistribusikan produk keju ke retailer PT PQR. Sebagai distributor, PT XYZ perlu memerhatikan pemborosan yang mempengaruhi lead time selama proses outbound produk keju. Lead time yang terlalu panjang perlu diminimalkan agar produk dapat dikirim tepat waktu ke pelanggan, sehingga perusahaan perlu melakukan manajemen lead time untuk mencegah keterlambatan pengiriman. Manajemen lead time dilakukan dengan lean distribution yang berasal dari lean management untuk diadaptasi ke proses outbound. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode value stream mapping (VSM). Pemetaan ke dalam VSM menghasilkan current state map dengan total waktu proses outbound sekitar 16,6 jam. Analisis dilanjutkan dengan process activity mapping yang menghasilkan temuan delapan aktivitas pemborosan pada proses outbound. Analisis dengan fishbone diagram menghasilkan akar permasalahan dari setiap aktivitas pemborosan. Solusi perbaikan untuk mengeliminasi pemborosan dirancang berdasarkan prinsip lean 5S yaitu seiri (ringkas), seiton (rapi), seiso (resik), seiketsu (rawat), dan shitsuke (rajin). Setelah dilakukan rancangan perbaikan, dihasilkan future state map dengan total waktu proses outbound sekitar 15,2 jam. Perancangan tersebut menurunkan persentase pemborosan atau aktivitas non value added dalam proses outbound dari 11% menjadi 2,4%., PT XYZ is a company engaged in the distribution of food, beverages, and raw materials, one of which involves distributing cheese products to the retailer PT PQR. As a distributor, PT XYZ needs to pay attention to wastage that affects the lead time during the outbound process of cheese products. The excessively long lead time needs to be minimized so that products can be delivered to customers on time, necessitating lead time management to prevent delivery delays. Lead time management is conducted through lean distribution principles derived from lean management, adapted to the outbound process. The analysis is carried out using the value stream mapping (VSM) method. Mapping into VSM results in a current state map with a total outbound process time of approximately 16.6 hours. The analysis is further continued with process activity mapping, resulting in the identification of eight wasteful activities in the outbound process. Analysis using a fishbone diagram reveals the root causes of each wasteful activity. The improvement solution to eliminate wastage is designed based on the lean 5S principles: seiri (sort), seiton (set in order), seiso (shine), seiketsu (standardize), and shitsuke (sustain). After the improvement plan is implemented, a future state map is generated with a total outbound process time of around 15.2 hours. This design reduces the percentage of wastage or non-value-added activities in the outbound process from 11% to 2.4%.
Keyword: lead time management, lean distribution, outbound process, value stream mapping, 5S lean principles

Judul: Design of Measurement  Model and Improvement of Cheese Products Logistics Performance at PT XYZ
Abstrak: PT XYZ merupakan distributor untuk pengiriman barang dari luar maupun dalam negeri di Indonesia, salah satu produknya yaitu keju. Terjadinya lonjakan permintaan pasar menyebabkan PT XYZ perlu mengantisipasi layanan pengiriman yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui mekanisme rantai pasok, menganalisis dan mengukur kinerja logistik, merumuskan strategi perbaikan, serta merancang model pengukuran. Pengukuran kinerja logistik pada retail PT PQR untuk bulan Desember 2022-Januari 2023 dengan model logistic scorecard dan metode analytical hierarchy process menghasilkan penurunan kinerja logistik sebesar 3,336% untuk grated parmesan (24x80) gr/ctn, sedangkan kenaikan sebesar 24,088% untuk block mozzarella (18x225) gr/ctn dan 2,186% untuk grated parmesan (16x200) gr/ctn. Berdasarkan analisis analytical network process, dihasilkan bobot tertinggi untuk strategi perbaikan sebesar 0,227 yaitu evaluasi kinerja logistik sesuai dengan key performance indicator sehingga dirancang model pengukuran berbasis Microsoft Excel. Hasil penelitian ini dapat digunakan sebagai acuan PT XYZ dalam upaya meningkatkan kinerja logistik., PT XYZ is a distributor for shipping goods from outside and within the country in Indonesia, one of its products is cheese. The surge in market demand caused PT XYZ to anticipate the shipping services that were carried out. This study aims to determine supply chain mechanisms, analyze and measure logistics performance, formulate improvement strategies, as well as design measurement model. Measuring logistics performance at PT PQR's retail for December 2022-January 2023 using the logistics scorecard model and the analytical hierarchy process method resulted in a decrease in logistics performance of 3.336% for grated parmesan (24x80) gr/ctn, whereas an increase of 24.088% for block mozzarella (18x225) gr/ctn and 2.186% for grated parmesan (16x200) gr/ctn. Based on the analysis of the analytical network process, the highest weight for the improvement strategy is 0.227, namely the evaluation of logistics performance according to the key performance indicators so that a measurement model based on Microsoft Excel is designed. The results of this study can be used as a reference for PT XYZ in an effort to improve logistics performance.
Keyword: cheese products, improvement strategy, logistics, model design, performance

Judul: Studi Taksonomi Katak Subgenus Papurana (Lesson, 1831) dari Halmahera (Anura, Ranidae, Hylarana), Studi Taksonomi Katak Subgenus Papurana (Lesson, 1831) dari Halmahera (Anura, Ranidae, Hylarana
Abstrak: I reevaluated taxonomic of subgenus Papurana position from Halmahera based on morphological and molecular analyses. My results show that two separate species occur on the Halmahera Island, each nested within two distinct clades (hereafter papua clade and celebensis clade), one of which corresponds to H. moluccana (celebensis clade) and the other to an unidentified species (papua clade). By p-distance ranging from 6.9 to 11.5% on the 16S rRNA gene, the unidentified species (Hylarana sp.) is genetically different from all congeners of the papua clade. The Hylarana sp. can be distinguished from all congeners by following combination of charactes: vomer teeth in two oblique rows with narrow inter-vomer distance; snout rounded dorsally; dorsum with few scattered cone-shaped tubercles that are black with white tips; distinct skin folds (ridges) on the dorsal side of the thigh coinciding with dark brown cross bars; a marbled pattern on the ventral side of the thigh and yellowish groin. I also present new data for H. daemeli, H. volkerjane, and H. arfaki from the western region of Papua. Furthermore, I found that H. celebensis has numerous mtDNA lineages, indicating cryptic diversity within the celebensis clade. The discovery of two separate species on Halmahera necessitates more research into the biogeographic history of Hylarana in Northern Moluccas.
Keyword: frog, Halmahera, Hylarana, morphology, Papurana, phylogenetic