Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Ekstrak Teh Hijau pada Pengolahan Beras Ekstrusi Terhadap Penurunan Indeks Glikemik
Abstrak: Rice is a staple food for most people of Indonesia, which still not be replaced by another source of carbohydrate. This phenomenon is risky for people who have Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), because they not eat rice as normal people. This research was conducted to make food which can be eaten safely by people who has T2DM. There are 5% broken rice produced from rice milling process. The utilization of broken rice still limited in Indonesia. The main objective of this research was to develop extruded rice based on broken rice and the additional of polyphenolic substances from green tea extract by using extrusion technology. The additional of 4 % green tea extract on broken rice was conducted with 4 treatments: 1) without the additional of green tea extract, as control (K), 2) during rice soaking before milling (P1), 3) before the extrusion process (P2), and 4) combination of treatment 2 and 3 (P3). Starch digestibility (SD) analyzed by using in vitro method to determine the best treatment of green tea extract addition in lowering the digestibility of starch. The result showed that the fourth addition treatment of green tea extract had the lowest SD value as 47.31%. These data correlated to GI conducted with in vivo analysis. Glycemic Index (GI) of extruded rice result was 48.15 (low GI), whereas the GI of broken rice was 77.40 (high GI). The addition of green tea extract significantly reduced the GI value of extruded rice from broken rice.
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Judul: Indeks Glikemik Beras Analog Berbahan Baku Menir dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Teh Hitam
Abstrak: Rice is a staple food for most Indonesian people. The Indonesian rice has different glycemic index (GI) according to variety and process which applied to rice. Rice usually is processed through milling process. There are 5% broken rice produced from milling process. The utilization of broken rice still limited in Indonesia. The main objective of this research was to develop analog rice based on broken rice and the addition of polyphenolic substances from black tea extract by using extrusion technology. Hopefully it would reduce the analog rice GI. So the product will be suitable not only for people who have Diabetes Mellitus (DM) which need to select their carbohydrate food source, but also for normal and health people. The addition of 4% (b/v) black tea extract to broken rice was conducted with 4 treatments: (1) without the addition of tea extract (as control); (2) during rice soaking before milling; (3) before the extrusion process; and (4) both of treatment 2 and 3. Starch digestibility (SD) analyzed by using in vitro method to determine the best treatment of black tea extract addition in lowering the digestibility of starch. The result showed that the fourth addition treatment of black tea extract had the lowest SD value as 58.32% ± 0.38% . These data correlated to GI conducted with in vivo analysis. GI of analog rice result was 44.19±10.75 (low GI), whereas the GI of broken rice was 71.16±15.41 (high GI). The addition of black tea extract significantly reduced the GI of analog rice from broken rice.
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Judul: Aspek kehidupan dan reproduksi pada lumba-lumba
Abstrak: Lumba-lumba merupakan mammalia yang hidup di laut dan sebagian hidup di beberapa perairan air tawar. Hewan ini mempunyai bentuk tubuh yang streamline, moncong seperti paruh serta mempunyai gigi kurang lebih 200 buah. Tubuh lumba-lumba dilapisi oleh spermaceti yang terdiri dari lapisan minyak. Hewan yang sering terlihat di gelanggang-gelanggang samudra ini mempunyai ekor horizontal dan panjang tubuhnya berkisar 1,1 meter sampai 9 meter (Yablokov, 1974). Bia- sanya jantan lebih besar daripada yang betina. Di dalam klasifikasinya lumba-lumba termasuk dalam kelas mammalia, ordo Cetacea dan subordo Odontoceti. Di seluruh perairan dunia, terdapat banyak sekali spesies lumba-lumba, yang keseluruhannya termasuk ke dalam kelompok famili Delphinidae yang terdiri atas 19 genus ya- itu : Steno, Sotalia, Stenella, Delphinus, Lissodelphis, Orchinus, Lagenodelphis, Tursiops, Grampus, Lagenorhynchus Orcaella, Cephalorhynchus, Peponocephala, Feresa, Pseu- dorca, Globicephala, Phocoena, Neophocoena, dan yang terakhir Phoconoides (Yablokov, 1974). Tiga genus yang terakhir tidak termasuk lumba-lumba. Selain famili tersebut di atas, terdapat pula lumba- lumba yang hidup di perairan air tawar, yaitu dari famili Platanistidae (Cousteau, J.Y. , 1975). Makanan utama lumba-lumba berupa ikan (tuna, cumi-cu- mi, dan lain-lain), mollusca, cephalopoda dan crustacea. Dalam mencari makanannya, lumba-lumba bermigrasi secara teratur. Mereka menghabiskan musim panas di daerah kutub, kemudian bermigrasi ke daerah selatan selama musim dingin. Habitat lumba-lumba yang mutlak adalah air, baik air asin maupun air tawar. Mereka tidak dapat meninggalkan air, meskipun menurut asal-usulnya lumba-lumba merupakan mammalia darat (Coffey, D.J. 1977). Menurut Yablokov (1974) lumba-lumba betina memiliki sepasang ovarium yang rata/licin yang terdapat dalam ova- rian sac. Pada vagina beberapa spesies lumba-lumba terda- pat sumbat vagina/plug..dst
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