Judul: Karakterisasi Indikator Global terhadap Pola Bersama Luas Area Terbakar dan Curah Hujan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menerapkan metode combined EOF berbasis Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) dengan menganalisis data luas area terbakar, indikator global (Indian Ocean Dipole, El Nino dan La Nina), dan curah hujan di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) berbasis Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) untuk mereduksi matriks data ke dalam program komputer menggunakan software. Metode ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pola–pola dominan pada data luas kebakaran dan curah hujan baik secara spasial maupun temporal. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu didapatkan sinyal dominan yang mempengaruhi kebakaran di setiap wilayah. Kata kunci: Curah hujan, Dekomposisi nilai singular, Empirical orthogonal function (EOF), ENSO dan IOD, Kebakaran hutan, Forest fires in Indonesia are influenced by several indicators, including the area burned, rainfall, and global indicators (ENSO and IOD). The purpose of this study is to apply the combined EOF method based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) by analyzing data on the burned area, global indicators (Indian Ocean Dipole, El Nino, and La Nina), and rainfall in Indonesia. The method used in this research is Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to reduce the data matrix into a computer program using software. This method aims to determine the dominant patterns in the data of fire area and rainfall both spatially and temporally. The results of this study shows the dominant signals which affect fires in each regions.
Keyword: Empirical orthogonal function (EOF), ENSO and IOD, Forest fires, Rainfall, Singular value decomposition

Judul: Heterogeneous Correlation Map between Regional and Local Climate Estimation Data on the Burned Areas in Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara dengan hutan hujan tropis terbesar ketiga di dunia, namun setengahnya sudah terdegradasi. Salah satu penyebabnya yaitu kebakaran hutan. Kebakaran hutan bisa disebabkan oleh dua faktor, yaitu faktor manusia dan alam. Faktor alam salah satunya menurunnya curah hujan. Fenomena iklim regional (ENSO dan IOD) dan lokal (selat Karimata, selat Makassar, dan laut Arafura) merupakan salah satu penyebab menurunnya curah hujan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat keterkaitan data estimasi iklim regional terhadap data luas area terbakar di Indonesia dan melihat keterkaitan data estimasi iklim lokal terhadap luas area terbakar di wilayah sekitarnya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Combined Empirical Orthogonal Function (CEOF) berbasis Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ENSO lebih memiliki korelasi terhadap luas area terbakar di Merauke, Sulawesi dan Kalimantan. Sementara itu, IOD lebih memiliki korelasi terhadap luas area terbakar di Sumatra bagian Selatan. Luas area terbakar di Riau berkorelasi sangat rendah terhadap iklim regional, baik ENSO maupun IOD. Luas area terbakar di Sumatra selain dipengaruhi oleh ENSO dan IOD, ternyata juga dipengaruhi oleh iklim lokal di selat Karimata. Sama halnya dengan luas area terbakar di Kalimantan dipengaruhi oleh iklim lokal di selat Makassar dan luas area terbakar di Merauke dipengaruhi oleh iklim lokal di laut Arafura., Indonesia is a country with the third largest tropical rainforest in the world, but half of the forest has already been degraded, one of the causes is forest fires. Forest fires can be caused by two factors, namely human and natural factors. One of the natural factors is the lack of rainfall. Regional (ENSO and IOD) and local climate phenomena (Karimata straits, Makassar straits, and Arafura seas) are some of the causes of the lack of rainfall in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the correlation of regional climate estimation data with data of burned areas in Indonesia and to analyze the correlation of local climate estimation data with data of burned areas in the surrounding area. This study uses the Combined Empirical Orthogonal Function (CEOF) method based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD). The result shows that ENSO has a better correlation with the burned area in Merauke, Sulawesi and Kalimantan. Meanwhile, IOD has a better correlation with the burned area in southern Sumatra. The burned area in Riau has a very low correlation with the regional climate, both ENSO and IOD. The burned area in Sumatra is not only influenced by ENSO and IOD, but it is also influenced by the local climate in the Karimata strait. Similarly, the burned area in Kalimantan is influenced by the local climate in the Makassar Strait and the burned area in Merauke is influenced by the local climate in the Arafura Sea.
Keyword: ENSO, IOD, burned area, CEOF, SVD

Judul: Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules Formation for Leydig Cells Encapsulation
Abstrak: Hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by low concentrations of testosterone. It is caused by malfunction of Leydig cells in producing testosterone. Encapsulation method will protect the transplanted cells from the immune system rejection. The aims of this study was to optimize the formation of microcapsules for Leydig cells encapsulation. The microcapsules were made of alginate and chitosan as the first and the second coating agents, respectively. The result showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with a viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230-270 µm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted spherical microcapsule with mechanical stability in 4 hours. Leydig cells can be trapped inside the capsule with a density that proportional with concentration of cells used in the encapsulation.
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