Judul: In Vitro Quality of Complete Feed Block Silage Based on Oil Palm Fronds
Abstrak: Penelitian tentang silase blok berbasis pelepah kelapa sawit yang dikombinasikan dengan berbagai hijauan belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas fisik dan kimia serta kecernaan in vitro silase blok ransum komplit berbasis pelepah kelapa sawit sebagai pakan ternak sapi potong. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK). Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 perlakuan pengolahan pakan dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diberikan terdiri atas P0 = Kontrol; P1 = Silase; P2 = Silase blok. Data karakteristik fisik, nilai fleigh, dan kandungan nutrien pakan yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dianalisa secara deskriptif. Data kecernaan, karakteristik fermentabilitas rumen, dan nilai pH ransum yang diperoleh pada penelitian ini dianalisa statistik menggunakan ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) dan uji lanjut Duncan menggunakan IBM SPSS Statistics versi 26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa silase blok memiliki tekstur yang kering tidak mudah patah, warna hijau kekuningan, dan aroma sedikit asam. Silase blok mengandung protein kasar dan TDN sebesar 13,55% dan 61,71%. Silase blok dapat menurunkan nilai pH ransum dan meningkatkan produksi ammonia (P<0,05), namun tidak mempengaruhi kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, dan VFA parsial (P>0,05). Kesimpulan pada penelitian ini yaitu silase blok memiliki tekstur yang kering tidak mudah patah, warna hijau kekuningan, dan aroma sedikit asam. Silase blok mengandung protein kasar dan TDN sebesar 13,55% dan 61,71%. Silase blok dapat menurunkan nilai pH dan meningkatkan produksi ammonia, namun tidak mempengaruhi peubah lainnya., The study on block silage based on oil palm fronds combined with various forages has never been conducted before. This study aimed to evaluate the physical and chemical quality and in vitro digestibility of complete feed block silage based on oil palm fronds as feed for beef cattle. The experimental design used was a Randomized Block Design (RBD). The study used 3 feed treatments with 5 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 = Control; P1 = Silage; P2 = Silage block. The physical characteristics, fliegh value, and nutrient content of the feed obtained in this study were analyzed descriptively. Digestibility data, rumen fermentability characteristics, and pH value obtained in this study were analyzed statistically using ANOVA (Analysis of Variance) and Duncan's multiple range test using IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The result of the study showed that the silage block had a dry texture, was not easily broken, had a greenish-yellow color, and a slightly acidic aroma. The silage block contained crude protein and TDN of 13.55% and 61.71%, respectively. The silage block could lower the pH value and increase ammonia production (P<0.05), but it did not affect the digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, and partial VFA (P>0.05). It is concluded that the silage block had a dry texture, was not easily broken, had a greenish-yellow color, and a slightly acidic aroma. The silage block contained crude protein and TDN of 13.55% and 61.71%, respectively. The silage block could lower the pH value and increase ammonia production, but it did not affect other variables.
Keyword: characteristics, digestibility, in vitro, oil palm fronds, silage block

Judul: Performance of friesian holstein dairy cattle fed silages in pangalengan farm
Abstrak: Silase merupakan salah satu teknik pengawetan hijauan pada kadar air tertentu melalui proses fermentasi mikrobial oleh bakteri asam laktat yang berlangsung secara anaerob. Meskipun teknologi ini sudah dikenal lama di Indonesia, namun penerapannya pada peternakan rakyat masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dampak penggunaan silase dalam ransum sapi perah di peternakan rakyat anggota KPBS terhadap performa sapi perah Friesian Holstein dan membandingkannya dengan yang tidak diberi silase. Penelitian ini melibatkan 10 peternak dan 36 ekor sapi perah FH. Metode yang dilakukan dalam penelitian, yaitu wawancara, pengukuran pemberian pakan, kecernaan, fermentabilitas, bobot badan (BB), body condition score (BCS), produksi dan kualitas susu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan jumlah bahan kering (BK) ransum yang dikonsumsi antara kedua perlakuan, namun pada ransum yang diberi silase, proporsi konsentrat lebih tinggi 49% dibandingkan yang tanpa menggunakan silase 38%. Fermentabilitas protein ransum yang diberi silase lebih rendah, namun fermentabilitas bahan organiknya lebih tinggi. Pemberian silase meningkatkan kualitas susu yang dihasilkan meskipun belum signifikan menunjukkan peningkatan pada BB, BCS dan produksi susu., Silage is a forage preservation techniques at certain moisture content through lactic acid bacteria fermentation in anaerobic condition. Although this technology has been known for a long time in Indonesia, but its application at traditional farmes is still limited. This study aims to analyze the impact of the use of silage in the ration of dairy cows in farm people KPBS members on the performance of Holstein Friesian dairy cattle and compared with those not given silage. The study involved 10 farmers and 36 heads FH cows. The study used interview, measuring feed and nutrient consumption, digestibility, fermentability, and body weight (BW), body condition score (BCS), milk production and milk quality. The results showed that there was no difference in the amount of dry matter (DM) intake between the two treatments, but the silage treatment fed, concentrate a higher proportion (of 49%) compared to that without silages (38%). Protein fermentability of silage contens ration was lower, but its organic fermentability was higher. The silage treatment improved the quality of milk produced significantly but not BW, BCS and milk production.
Keyword: fermentabilitas, kecernaan, silase

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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