Judul: Kombinasi Ekstrak Etanol Temulawak dan Propolis sebagai Antitumor Mammae pada Tikus Sprague-Dawley.
Abstrak: Kanker mammae merupakan kasus kanker yang menyebabkan kematian tertinggi kedua di seluruh dunia. Abnormalitas pembelahan sel pada kanker mammae pada akhirnya akan membentuk suatu tumor. Tumor mammae pada hewan uji dapat diakibatkan karena adanya paparan senyawa 7,12-dimethyl-benz[α]anthracene (DMBA). Kandungan senyawa aktif pada temulawak dan propolis memiliki aktivitas antioksidan dan berpotensi menghambat pertumbuhan tumor. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur potensi pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol temulawak dan propolis sebagai antitumor mammae secara in vivo pada tikus Sprague-Dawley dengan parameter bobot badan, volume tumor, dan histopatologi kelenjar mammae. Hasil menunjukkan pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol temulawak dan propolis mampu meningkatkan bobot badan dan menurunkan volume tumor mammae. Kombinasi ekstrak etanol temulawak dan propolis dosis TP3 (35 mg/kg BB temulawak dan 48 mg/kg BB propolis) paling berpotensi sebagai antitumor mammae yang dapat memberikan nilai rata-rata volume tumor terendah (3.377 cm3) serta persentase penghambatan tertinggi (88.64%) dibanding kelompok lainnya. Hasil pembacaan histopatologi pada kelenjar mammae perlakuan dosis TP3 tampak adanya aktivitas apoptosis.
Keyword: bobot badan, propolis, temulawak, tumor mammae, volume tumor

Judul: Aktivitas Enzim Transaminase dan Kadar Urea Serum Darah Tikus yang Diinduksi 7,12-Dimetilbenz(α)antrasena dengan Perlakuan Kombinasi Ekstrak Temulawak dan Propolis
Abstrak: Temulawak dan propolis diketahui memiliki senyawa aktif yang bermanfaat sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak temulawak dan propolis terhadap organ ginjal dan hati dalam proses pengobatan kanker payudara pada tikus Sprague-Dawley betina yang diinduksi DMBA. Parameter uji yang diamati ialah aktivitas enzim transaminase dan kadar urea. Sebanyak 37 ekor tikus dibagi secara acak menjadi tujuh kelompok, yakni kelompok EO, Normal, dan lima kelompok perlakuan yang diinduksi kombinasi ekstrak etanol temulawak dan propolis secara peroral dengan dosis berbeda. Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol temulawak dan propolis terhadap aktivitas enzim transaminase pada dosis temulawak 52,5 mg/kg BB + propolis 72 mg/kg BB dan dosis temulawak 70 mg/kg BB + propolis 96 mg/kg BB memiliki potensi hepatoprotektif berdasarkan nilai rasio De Ritis yang mendekati 0,8. Hasil analisis kadar urea pada dosis temulawak 70 mg/kg BB + propolis 96 mg/kg BB memiliki nilai 32,235 mg/dL. Kombinasi ekstrak pada dosis temulawak 52,5 mg/kg BB + propolis 72 mg/kg BB dan dosis temulawak 70 mg/kg BB + propolis 96 mg/kg BB memiliki potensi sebagai hepatoprotektif serta pemberian kombinasi ekstrak temulawak dan propolis tidak memengaruhi kadar urea darah pada semua kelompok dosis., Curcuma and propolis are known to have active compounds that have anticancer benefits. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the combination of curcuma extract and propolis on the kidneys and liver in the treatment of breast cancer in female Sprague-Dawley rats induced by DMBA. The test parameters observed were transaminases enzyme activity and urea levels. A total of 37 rats were randomly divided into sevent groups, namely the EO group, Normal, and five treatment groups which were induced by a combination of ethanol extract of curcuma and propolis orally with different doses. The administration of a combination of ethanol extract of curcuma and propolis on transaminase enzyme activity at a dose of curcuma 52.5 mg/kg BW + propolis 72 mg/kg BW and a curcuma dose of 70 mg/kg BW + propolis 96 mg/kg BW had hepatoprotective potential based on the De Ritis ratio value which is close to 0.8. The results of the analysis of urea levels at a dose of curcuma 70 mg/kg BW + propolis 96 mg/kg BW had a value of 32.235 mg/dL. The combination of extracts at a dose of 52.5 mg/kg BW of curcuma + propolis 72 mg/kg BW and a dose of curcuma 70 mg/kg BW + propolis 96 mg/kg BW has potential as hepatoprotective and the combination of curcuma and propolis extract did not affect blood urea level in all dose groups.
Keyword: Dosis, ekstrak, propolis, temulawak, urea

Judul: Sectoral Effects Of Monetary Policy
Abstrak: The purposes of this study are three folds: (1) identifying which channels are effective for transmission of monetary policy; (2) assessing whether the transmission mechanisms at industry level are consistent with that at aggregate level; and (3) explaining why and how a channel becomes effective. The analyses are facilitated impulse response function (IRF) derived from a vector autoregression (VAR) model. Three channels are identified in this study: interest rate, real credits and exchange rate channels. The IRF results show that exchange rate is the only effective channel in affecting aggregate output and at least in five industries (the manufacturing industry; the construction industry; the trade, hotel, and restaurants industry; the transport and communication industry; and the finance, real estate, and business services industry). Meanwhile, the other two channels are not effective at aggregate and all industry. This finding suggests that there is some form of consistency between aggregate effects and industry effects. Moreover, the effect of real depreciation tend to be contractionary and thus supporting the idea of Krugman and Taylor (1976) among others. Output contraction seems to be associated with inflationary effect of the depreciation. This is a truly Keynesian type demand side story: following a real currency depreciation, purchasing power tends to weaken which then soaks the aggregate demand.
Keyword: transmission of monetary policy, industry level, IRF