Judul: Evaluasi Sertifikasi Guru dengan Pendekatan Model  Persamaan Struktural
Abstrak: Salah satu usaha pemerintah untuk meningkatkan mutu pendidikan di Indonesia adalah meningkatkan mutu guru dengan melaksanakan program sertifikasi. Sertifikasi guru dilaksanakan dengan penilaian portofolio. Komponen portofolio meliputi: kualifikasi akademik, pendidikan dan pelatihan, pengalaman mengajar, perencanaan dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran, penilaian dari atasan dan pengawas, prestasi akademik, karya pengembangan profesi, keikutsertaan dalam forum ilmiah, pengalaman menjadi pengurus suatu organisasi di bidang kependidikan dan sosial, dan penghargaan yang relevan dengan masing-masing komponen terdiri dari beberapa indikator.
Keyword: 

Judul: Evaluasi Diri Sekolah Tingkat Sekolah Menengah Atas Menggunakan Model Persamaan Struktural (Studi Kasus di Provinsi Maluku, Sulawesi Barat, Sulawesi Tengah, dan Sulawesi Tenggara)
Abstrak: Education has a strategic role in the national development. According to the National Accreditation Board in 2012, the Provinces of Maluku, West Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi, and Southeast Sulawesi has a low value of accreditation for the senior high school. Accreditation is measured through eight Standar Nasional Pendidikan (SNP) which is used as an instrument in the Evaluasi Diri Sekolah (EDS). SNP consists of eight standards that are interconnected with each other. Value of each standard can not be measured directly so it called latent variables, latent variables can be measured through the manifest variables. Structural equation model is used in this study to analyze the relationship between SNP itself and relationship between SNP with the manifest variables that measure SNP in the four provinces. Structural equation model showed that the latent variables contents (ISI), process (PRS), valuation (NIL), educators and education personnel (PTK), and management (PNG) are all affect the competency standards (SKL). Latent variable ISI has the largest total effect to SKL when compared with four other latent variables that is equal to 36.05%. All manifest variables are valid to measure each latent variable at significance level of 0.10.
Keyword: structural equation model, SNP, latent variables, manifest variables, EDS

Judul: Xylooligosaccharide production of corncobs as prebiotic candidate by high temperature heating and enzymatic hydrolysis.
Abstrak: Corncob waste is a rich xylan source that can be utilized as raw material for xylooligosaccharides (XOS) production. XOS is a potential prebiotic and has high economic value. Two corn varieties i.e. Bisi and Pioneer were first analyzed for its hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin contents and xylan yield to choose the corn variety to be studied. Process technology for XOS production was studied using available equipment such as oven. Xylooligosaccharide (XOS) from corncob was produced in two stages i.e. xylan extraction by heating at high temperatures in oven or autoclave as comparison, followed by enzymatic hydrolysis. Analysis of two corncob varieties showed that Pioneer variety contained higher hemicellulose content (34.98%) and xylan yield (18.32%) than Bisi variety (12.28% and 10.22%, respectively), therefore Pioneer variety was chosen as raw material for XOS production. Corncob particles were soaked in dilute acid (1 g/l H2SO4) for 12 h at 60 oC, filtered and washed with tap water and then heated in oven or autoclave. Before oven heating, The corncobs were added with water at various ratios (1:1 – 1:5) and then heated in oven at various temperature (130 oC, 140 oC, 150 oC for 0.5 h) and autoclave at 121oC for 0.5, 1, 1.5 and 2 h with one and two heating cycles. During heating, the total sugar and reducing sugar were increase, while the degree of polymerization was decrease. The results showed that heating in oven to extract the xylan was affected by the ratios of corncobs and aquadest and heating temperatures. Oven heating (130-150 oC) with optimum ratio of corncobs and aquadest (1:3) successfully increased the xylan content from 3.98% up to 18.21 – 19.46% while repeated heating cycle (two cycles) did not affect the xylan content. Heating the corncobs with aquadest (at the ratio of 1:3) in oven at 130 oC for 0.5 h produced 18.98% xylan and enzymatic conversion of the xylan by xylanase significantly increased the XOS content from 19.60% up to 44.06%. Heating the corncobs in autoclave (121 oC, 0.5 h) followed by enzymatic conversion produced higher XOS content (65.67%). The corncob XOS could stimulate the growth of Lactobacillus plantarum kik and Bifidobacterium longum ATCC 15707 by 1.2 until 1.7 unit log, indicating the prebiotic properties. Cookies prebiotic produced by addition of 5% (based on wheat flour) had higher hardness texture (1256 gf) than control without XOS (1067 gf).
Keyword: