Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Kecepatan Pengadukan Dan Konsentrasi HCI Pada Isolasi Eugenol Dari Minyak Daun Cengkeh
Abstrak: Pada penelitian ini isolasi eugenol dilakukan dengan me- reaksikan larutan NaOH dengan minyak daun cengkeh. Berikutnya Na-eugenolat yang terbentuk direaksikan dengan larutan HCI untuk membentuk eugenol bebas. Perlakuan yang diterapkan adalah kecepatan pengadukan pada reaksi NaOH dan konsentrasi HCl. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap rendemen, kemurnian dan karakteristik eugenol. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan rendemen tertinggi 68.8 persen, dan terendah 61.9 persen. Kemurnian yang ditentukan dengan GLC antara 97.349-99.272 persen, sedangkan dengan labu kasia semua menunjukkan 100 persen. Indeks bias eugenol an- tara 1.5410-1.5418, BJ antara 1.0693-1.0731, dan kelarutan dalam alkohol antara 1:1.69-1:2.17. Dengan analisa sidik ragam diketahui konsentrasi HCl berpengaruh nyata terhadap rendemen. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa dengan proses isolasi eugenol yang menggunakan kecepatan pengadukan rendah dan konsentrasi HCl lebih tinggi diperoleh eugenol dengan rendemen tinggi dan karakteristik yang cukup baik…
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Judul: Kajian Pengaruh Bahan Baku Dan Nisbah Minyak Daun Cengkeh Dengan Larutan NaOH 10% Terhadap Rendemen Dan Karakteristik Isolat Eugenol
Abstrak: Indonesia has high potential clove leaves oil business opportunity especially in the areas that have high production of cloves, example Java island with cloves cultivation area are about ± 50,000 ha (Balitro 2005) .. It's predicted have falls clove leaves about ± 305 tones/day or equivalent with 4.4 ton clove leaves oil/day. According to Uhe (2005), International market prices for clove leaves oil on February 2005 are 4.25 US Dollar per kg. One way to increase clove leaves oil value is producing isolate compound of clove leaves oil, called eugenol. Eugenol prices is more expensive than clove leaves oil. For illustration, while clove leaves oil prices is Rp. 25,000lkg, eugenol prices is Rp. 75,000/kg (lndesso, 2006). In international market, eugenol from Indonesia has lower raw price because of its lower quality. The price is about 5.15 US Dollar per kg CUhe 2(05). Eugenol can be used as raws material in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, food industries, and also as mixture in ingredient for cigarette industries. Eugenol was produce by isolating eugenol from clove leave oil. The chemical process of eugenol isolating is conducted by reaction of clove ' leave oil and strong base by using (Natrium Hidroxyde) to form Na-eugenolat. Eugenol can be regmerated from Na-eugenolat by using the HCI solution. Based on Sumangat et. al research (2003), eugenol isolation with NaOH 6% and ratio of clove leaves and NaOH is 1:7 producing eugenol with yield 67.8- 68.3, purity 99.3% - 99.5% and effectively about 89.5%. The aim of this research is to get the best combination treatment between raws material and ratio between clove leaves oil and NaOH 10%. Distillation method will be doing in 2 ways, treatment will be conducted for distilled clove leaves oil with steam method and condensation method. Ratio between Clove leaves oil and NaOH 10% are 1: 2; 1 : 2.5; and 1 : 3. Treatment design will be using Complete Factorial Random Design Clove leaves oil reacting with NaOH 10%, squealer for 30 minutes with 590 rpm, left for 24 hours, then the substratum which is eugenol compound reacting with HCl 6%, then it washes using hexane. The yield, purity, effectively, and also the physical chemical of eugenol (i.e. refraction index, density, purity, solubility in ethanol 70% and colour) were analysed. The analysis shows that distilled clove leaves oil method affecting the yield, degree of purity, isolation process effectively, and isolat eugenol yield aspect, but the ratio clove leaves oil with NaOH 10% affecting isolation process effectively, and isolate eugenol yield. The Yield by distillation method of clove leaves oil are 63.71 % while steam method are 63.24%. Yield by ratio treatment of clove leaves oil and NaOH 10% (1: 2~ 1 : 2.5; 1 : 3) in sequence arc 63.37 %, 63.62 (%, ancl 63.44%. Eugenol purity by distillation method of clove leaves oil are 97.24 % while by steam method are 98.36 %. Eugenol purity by ratio treatment of clove leaves oil and NaOH 10% (1: 2; 1 : 2.5; 1 : 3) in sequence are 97.44 %,97.57 (Xl, and 98.39 %, and the isolation
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Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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