Judul: The Effect of Maternal Rejection, Peer Verbal Aggression, and Media Exposure toward the Use of Bad Words among Adolescents
Abstrak: Penggunaan bahasa termasuk penggunaan kata-kata buruk dalam kehidupan sehari-hari mencerminkan karakter seseorang. Perkembangan bahasa dipengaruhi oleh, pengetahun, sikap, dan norma budaya, melalui pengalaman sehari-hari remaja ketika berinteraksi dengan lingkungan sekitar, baik keluarga, teman sebaya, sekolah, maupun paparan media massa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pengasuhan penolakan ibu (agresi, pengabaian, dan perasaan tidak sayang), agresi verbal dari teman sebaya, dan paparan remaja pada media (radio, televisi, game, dan media social) terhadap penggunaan kata-kata buruk remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional study terhadap siswa usia 13-18 tahun yang tinggal di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode self-administered dengan kuesioner yang disebarkan secara online melalui berbagai media sosial, dan secara sukarela (voluntary sampling) sejumlah 147 remaja menjadi responden penelitian ini. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kata-kata buruk remaja berada pada kategori rendah, demikian pula tingkat agresi verbal teman sebaya dan paparan buruk dari media berada pada kategori rendah. Namun demikian hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan kata-kata buruk remaja berhubungan positif signifikan dengan pengasuhan penolakan ibu, agresi verbal teman sebaya, dan paparan media. Selanjutnya ditemukan bahwa pengasuhan agresi ibu, agresi verbal dari teman sebaya, dan paparan buruk dari media berpengaruh positif signfikan terhadap penggunaan kata-kata buruk remaja., The use of language, including the use of bad words in everyday life, reflects a person’s character. Language development is affected by belief, attitude, and culture, through the daily experiences of adolescents when interacting with the surrounding environment, such as family, peers, school, and the environment where they live, including media. This study aimed to analyze the effect of maternal rejection (hostility and aggression; indifference and neglect; and undifferentiated rejection), peer verbal aggression, and media exposure toward the use of bad words by adolescents. This cross-sectional study was used on students age 13-18 years old who live in Bogor District and Bogor City. This study used a self-administered method with questionnaires distributed online through social media, and 147 adolescents became the respondents through voluntary sampling. The result showed that the use of bad words among adolescents were in the low category, as well as peer verbal aggression and bad media exposure. The result of the correlation test showed that the use of bad words was correlated positively with maternal rejection, peer verbal aggression, and media exposure. The maternal hostility and aggression, peer verbal aggression, and media exposure had a positive significant effect on the use of bad words among adolescents.
Keyword: agresi teman sebaya, kata-kata buruk, paparan media, pengasuhan penolakan, remaja

Judul: The Influence of Mother’s Verbal Aggression and Peer Pressure on The Use of Bad Language in Adolescents of Vocational School in City and Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Demoralisasi pada remaja kian meningkat, salah satunya adalah penggunaan bahasa buruk. Ibu dan teman sebaya sebagai lingkup terdekat remaja mempunyai andil yang besar terhadap perkembangan perilaku dan kepribadian remaja. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik remaja, karakteristik keluarga, agresi verbal ibu, dan tekanan teman sebaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional study yang dilakukan secara purposive pada 4 SMK Swasta di Bogor. Karakteristik sampel adalah remaja berusia 15-18 tahun, tinggal di Kota atau Kabupaten Bogor, bersekolah di SMK Swasta yang terpilih, dan tinggal bersama ibu kandung. Berdasarkan karakteristik tersebut didapatkan total 389 siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan agresi verbal ibu dan penggunaan bahasa buruk pada remaja SMK terkategori rendah, sebaliknya tekanan teman sebaya terkategori sedang. Ditemukan perbedaan yang signifikan yaitu, remaja SMK di kota lebih banyak menggunakan bahasa buruk dibandingkan dengan remaja SMK di kabupaten. Terdapat hubungan yaitu, semakin rendah pendidikan ibu maka semakin tinggi agresi verbal ibu, ibu tidak bekerja lebih sering melakukan agresi verbal kepada remaja. Remaja perempuan mendapatkan tekanan teman sebaya lebih besar dibandingkan dengan remaja laki-laki. Semakin tinggi pendapatan keluarga maka semakin tinggi penggunaan bahasa buruk remaja. Selanjutnya, semakin besar agresi verbal yang dilakukan ibu dan tekanan teman sebaya maka akan semakin besar penggunaan bahasa buruk remaja. Penggunaan bahasa buruk pada remaja kota maupun kabupaten hanya dipengaruhi secara signifikan positif oleh tekanan teman sebaya., Demoralization in adolescents is increasing, one of which is the use of bad language. Mothers and peers as the closest circle of adolescents have a big contribution to the development of adolescent behavior and personality. This study aims to analyze adolescent characteristics, family characteristics, maternal verbal aggression, and peer pressure. This study used a cross-sectional study design which was carried out purposively at 4 private vocational high schools in Bogor The sample characteristics are teenagers aged 15-18 years, living in Bogor City or Regency, attending selected private vocational schools, and living with their biological mother. Based on these characteristics, a total of 389 students were obtained. The results of the study showed that mother’s verbal aggression and the use of bad language in vocational high school adolescents were categorized as low, whereas peer pressure was categorized as moderate. A significant difference was found, namely that vocational school adolescents in the city used more bad language than vocational school adolescents in regency. There is a relationship, the lower the mother's education, the higher the mother's verbal aggression, mothers who do not work more often carry out verbal aggression towards adolescents. Female experience greater peer pressure than male. The higher the family income, the higher the use of bad language among teenagers. Furthermore, the greater the verbal aggression carried out by the mother and peer pressure, the greater the adolescent's use of bad language. The use of bad language in city and regency adolescents is only significantly positively influenced by peer pressure.
Keyword: mother's verbal aggression, use of bad language, adolescents, vocational students, peer pressure

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4