Judul: Perbaikan Mutu Biodiesel Hasil Proses Fraksinasi dengan Kandungan Metil Oleat (C18:1) Dominan untuk Penerapannya sebagai Bahan Bakar
Abstrak: Fractionation of palm olein biodiesel using fractional distillation system is used to separate dominant methyl palmitic (C16) with dominant methyl oleic (C18:1). This biodiesel fraction contains dominant of methyl oleic (C18:1), has a good characteristic in lower cloud point that possibly be applicated as a fuel in four season country. Bentonite are used in this research with the view of its usefulness in lowering viscosity and acid number. The purpose of this study is to obtain the best characteristics of biodiesel as a fuel appropriate to the biodiesel standard, and to obtain the best bentonite concentration used to improve the unappropriate parameter. This study was conducted using completely randomized design. Biodiesel quality improvement is done by using experimental factor of bentonite concentration (1%, 3%, and 5%). The use of bentonite experimentally could lowering acid number and kinematic viscosity. Compared to the blank (control), biodiesel with 1% of bentonite concentration could give the best result in lowering kinematic viscosity.
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Judul: Fraksinasi Metil Ester Olein Menggunakan Fractional Distillation System untuk Menghasilkan Metil Ester Palmitat (C16 )
Abstrak: Palm olein biodiesel is consist of fatty acid methyl ester mixture. Separation of methyl ester fraction can be performed by fractionation technique. Fractional distillation system is used in this research to separate the dominant of methyl ester palmitic (C16). Fractional distillation system composed of several main components i.e boiling vessel, column with packing, condenser, vacuum unit, water cooling unit, heating unit and reciever vessel. This study was conducted using completely randomized factorial design. Fractionation process is done by using two experimental factors i.e temperature process (225 oC, 230 oC, 235oC) and processing time (10 and 12 hours). Separation process produces two fraction of biodiesel, distillate and residual biodiesel. The best condition to separate dominant of methyl ester palmitic faction obtained at the experimental unit temperature 235oC and processing time of 12 hours. The purity of C16 methyl ester fraction is 80,17% (w/v). Residual biodiesel can be obtained as dominant of methyl ester oleic (C18:1) is 60,80% (w/v) in experimental unit 235oC and 10 hours.Distillate biodiesel has several changes in physicochemical properties such as decreasing of density value, decreasing of iodine value, decreasing of saponification value, decreasing of acid number and levels of FFA compared to the initial biodiesel. Physicochemical changes in distillate caused by the composition of FAME biodiesel that is dominated by saturated methyl esters and lower molecular weight. Meanwhile, residual biodiesel is physicochemically changes by increasing density value, increasing of iodine value, increasing of saponification value, increasing of acid value and levels of FFA. This changing is caused by unsaturated methyl ester, higher molecular weight and also higher content of free fatty acids which are formed due to high temprature during the process
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Judul: Ornithonyssus Bursa (Berlese, 1888) Famili Macronyssidae yang Menyerang Unggas Dan Penaggulangannnya
Abstrak: Ornithonyssus bursa adalah tungau penghisap darah pada unggas di daerah tropis dan subtropis. Tungau ini relatif kecil, dengan panjang tubuh antara 700-1000 mikron dan lebarnya 250-490 mikron. Tubuhnya bulat berwarna coklat kekuningan sebelum menghisap darh dan berwarna merah setelah menghisap darah dari induk semangnya.
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