Judul: Penerapan Hasil Analisis Gerombol Menggunakan Analisis Komponen Utama (Studi Kasus : Temu - ten1llan Penyusun Obat Herbal di Pulau Jawa
Abstrak: Klasifikasi abat herbal menjadi sangat renting untuk diketahui agar khasiat, keamanan dan kualitasnya tCljaga. Analisis Illultivariat yang sesuai ul1tuk mcngklasifikasikan rimpang temutCllluan tetah dicoba mCllggunakan anal isis gerombol. Analisis gcrombol cligunakan untuk mcnggerombolkan kunyit, bangle, dan tClllulawak yang berasal dari Putal! lawn yang memiliki karaktcristik serapan sinar IR yang sama. Dalam analisis geromboi digunakan analisis pcrantara yaitu analisis komponen utam3. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menggerombolkull kunyit, bangle, dan tcmulawak berdasarkan asal geografis. Karakteristik dari temu-temuan disebabkan adanya perbedaan ketinggian lokasi dan cuaca sehingga keadaan tanah berbeda walaupun berada pada kabupaten yang sama
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Judul: Analisis Keragaman Genetik Kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn.) Dan Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) Budidaya Tanah Jawa Berdasarkan Penanda Molekuler RAPD
Abstrak: Penanda molekuler RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) merupakan salah satu teknik yang digunakan dalam analisis keragaman genetik tanaman. Kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn.) dan temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) sebagai tanaman obat herbal potensial memiliki distribusi luas di wilayah Indonesia yang dapat berpengaruh terhadap pola keragaman genetiknya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pola keragaman genetik dari 12 sampel genus Curcuma yang berasal dari berbagai daerah di Pulau Jawa. Penelitian diawali dengan optimasi isolasi DNA dan amplifikasi DNA, hingga analisis lokus dan konstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan metode UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmatic Mean) dari software NTSYS. Modifikasi protokol isolasi DNA dengan penambahan Proteinase K setelah proses inkubasi dan RNAse setelah proses pencucian menunjukkan hasil paling baik. DNA yang diisolasi memiliki ukuran berkisar pada 9000 bp dengan kualitas pita yang cukup baik. Amplifikasi DNA dengan 20 primer acak terpilih pada 7 sampel kunyit menghasilkan 278 pita DNA dari 177 lokus, dan pada 5 sampel temulawak menghasilkan 184 pita DNA dari 143 lokus yang seluruhnya merupakan pita polimorfik. Analisis kemiripan genetik 7 varietas Curcuma longa Linn. menunjukkan nilai koefisien kemiripan genetik sebesar 42.37% - 94.35% dan 19.58% - 85.31% pada 5 varietas Curcuma xanthorrhhiza Roxb. Hasil pengelompokan pada nilai koefisien kemiripan genetik 51.65% dan 33.17% menunjukkan bahwa 7 varietas kunyit dan 5 varietas temulawak yang diteliti berasal dari dua kelompok besar.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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