Judul: Produksi Gelatin Halal Dari Kulit Kaki Ayam Dengan Penghilangan Lemak Berbeda Dan Aplikasinya Pada Es Krim
Abstrak: Gelatin merupakan hasil dari hidrolisis parsial protein kolagen. Industri pangan dan non pangan banyak menggunakan gelatin. Kegunaan gelatin khususnya dalam industri pangan adalah sebagai pembentuk busa, penstabil, pembentuk gel, perekat, pengental dan pengemulsi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan prosedur pembuatan gelatin kulit kaki ayam yang halal dan menghasilkan mutu gelatin yang baik serta mengevaluasi aplikasi gelatin yang dihasilkan pada produk es krim. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 2 tahap, yaitu: pembuatan gelatin kulit kaki ayam dengan metode penghilangan lemak yang berbeda, dan aplikasi gelatin pada es krim. Setiap perlakuan dilakukan ulangan sebanyak 3 kali. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK). Data kualitas fisikokimia, warna dan kualitas es krim dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji perbandingan berganda Duncan. Data sifat sensori es krim diuji secara non parametrik (Kruskal-Wallis). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode penghilangan lemak yang berbeda berpengaruh secara signifikan (P<0.05) terhadap kadar protein, kadar lemak, viskositas dan intensitas warna kuning gelatin. Metode kulit tanpa direndam dengan NaOH 0.05 M dan larutan gelatin yang disentrifuse pada 3500 rpm selama 15 menit menghasilkan viskositas (P<0.05) tertinggi dan kandungan lemak terendah (P<0.05). Kualitas es krim dengan penambahan gelatin kulit kaki ayam tidak berbeda dengan penambahan gelatin komersial. Uji sensori hedonik es krim menghasilkan penilaian suka sampai sangat suka pada es krim yang ditambahan gelatin kulit kaki ayam. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah metode penghilangan lemak yang terbaik untuk menghasilkan gelatin dari kulit kaki ayam adalah metode hidrolisis tanpa perendaman kulit dalam NaOH dan melakukan pemurnian larutan gelatin dengan menggunakan sentrifugasi. Karakteristik mutu gelatin kulit kaki ayam yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar gelatin halal dengan kualitas yang baik. Aplikasi gelatin kulit kaki ayam dalam pembuatan es krim menghasilkan mutu es krim yang baik dan mutu sensori yang diterima oleh panelis.
Keyword: es krim, gelatin, halal, kualitas, kulit kaki ayam

Judul: Kualitas Gelatin Tipe A dengan Bahan Baku Tulang Paha Ayam Broiler pada Lama Ekstraksi yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Gelatin is one of the important ingredients in the pharmaceutical, food, and photography industry. Until now, Indonesia is a full importer of gelatine. Raw materials are majority from pig skin (46%), followed by beef cattle skin (28%), and beef cattle bones (24%). Unlawful status in the product-based pig and mad cow case are the big problems for the industries today. High demand of halal and healthy gelatine in Indonesia can be solved with alternative raw materials. This research purpose was to examine the potential of chicken leg bone as raw material for A type gelatine, and focused to know the influence of extraction time on the quality of gelatine. The parameters to assess the quality of gelatin are yield, pH value, water content, ash content, viscosity, and gel strength. This research was conducted in the Waste Processing Laboratory, Department of Animal Production and Technology, Faculty of Animal Science IPB. The procedure in this research consists of : preparation of raw materials, degreasing, size diminution, demineralization, liming, extraction, filtering, congealment, drying, and powdering. Experimental design of this research used complete random design (RAL), which use two-stage extraction treatment duration, 6 hours (2 hours per phase extraction) and 12 hours (4 hour time period per phase extraction). Replication in the research is conducted five times. The data was analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Gelatine produced in this research had yield 2,52-7,10%, pH value 4,60-5,98, water content 8,12-16,22%, ash content 0,33-2,57%, viscosity 0,12-3,12, and gel strength 487,20-1338,46 grams/cm². Chicken leg bone has low potential as raw material of gelatine. Extraction time was significant influence to the quality of gelatine. The quality of gelatine of 12 hours extraction was better than 6 hours, particularly in terms of yield, water content, viscosity, and gel strength. Apparently, the potential of chicken leg bones as raw material of gelatine was lower than chicken cartilage bones. Keywords: quality of gelatine, chicken leg bone, acid treatment
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Judul: Tinjauan Matematis pada Model Makroskopik dan Mikroskopik Arus Lalu-lintas
Abstrak: Traffic flow phenomenon can be described through mathematical model such as continuous dynamic model with an ordinary differential equation so that it can be solved with integral factors. In this paper three simple models of traffic flow are discussed, i.e, two macroscopic and one microscopic models. Macroscopic model formulates dynamics of the traffic flow that occurs on a large number of vehicles on a road. While the microscopic model explains drivers’ behavior in their interaction with other vehicles ahead, i.e, car-following model. This paper shows the existence of ordinary differential equation found in the traffic flow model and indicates some different representations in the context of the same model. It also reviews a simple model of traffic flow along a single link, which leads to some unexpected results, i.e, it can express the solution model in term of link outflows as well as trip time. In the microscopic model, simulation is done to illustrate the behavior of the drivers with a sensitivity coefficient as a benchmark parameter.
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