Judul: Estimation of Live Carcasses Quality in Mud Buffalo and River Buffalo by Ultrasonography
Abstrak: Ultrasonografi merupakan alat diagnostik non-invasif yang berpotensi dalam pemeriksaan karkas secara periodik, murah, mudah, dan akurat dalam memperlihatkan karakteristik karkas, kuantitas dan kualitas daging. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga kualitas karkas hidup pada kerbau lumpur dan kerbau sungai berdasarkan umur dan breed secara ultrasonografi. Pencitraan USG dilakukan secara longitudinal dan tranversal menggunakan transduser convex dengan frekuensi 5 MHz dan depth 180 mm. Penelitian menggunakan 10 ekor kerbau lumpur dan 10 ekor kerbau sungai yang dikelompokkan menjadi umur 1 –3 tahun(n = 5) dan 3 – 6 tahun (n = 5). Hasil citra ultrasonografi menunjukkan gambar anekoik pada otot dan hiperekoik pada lemak dan tulang. Analisis karkas menggunakan standar AUSMEAT dengan persamaan regresi y = 0.4546 + 0.1697 x dengan R2 sebesar 0.9833 untuk skor marbling dan persamaan regresi y = - 0.03003 + 0.4217 x dengan R2 sebesar 0.9933 untuk persentase lemak intramuskular menunjukkan bahwa kerbau lumpur dan kerbau sungai umur 3 – 6 tahun memiliki tebal otot Longissimus dorsi, tebal otot rump, tebal lemak punggung, tebal lemak rump, skor marbling dan persentase lemak intramuskular lebih tinggi dibandingkan umur 1 – 3 tahun (P < 0.05). Namun, analisis berdasarkan breed menunjukkan bahwa kerbau lumpur dan kerbau sungai memiliki kualitas karkas yang sama (P > 0.05)., Ultrasonography is a non-invasive diagnostic tool which potential for examining carcasses periodically, cheap, easy, and accurate to demonstrate carcass characteristics, quantity and quality of meat. This study aims to predict the quality of live carcass in swamp buffaloes and river buffaloes based on age and breed by ultrasonography. Ultrasound imaging was carried out with a longitudinal and transverse point of view using a convex transducer with a frequency of 5 MHz and a depth of 180 mm. There were 10 swamp buffaloes and 10 river buffaloes that were grouped into 1-3 years (n = 5) and 3-6 years (n = 5). The result of ultrasound images appears as anechoic images of muscle and hyperechoic images of fat and bone. Carcass analysis used AUSMEAT with the regression y = 0.4546 + 0.1697 x with R2 of 0.9833 for marbling score and the regression y = - 0.03003 + 0.4217 x with R2 of 0.9933 for percentage of intramuscular fat showed that swamp buffaloes and river buffaloes aged 3 – 6 years had the Longissimus dorsi muscle thickness, rump muscle thickness, backfat thickness, rump fat thickness, marbling score and percentage of intramuscular fat were higher than aged 1 - 3 years ( P < 0.05). However, analysis of ultrasound images based on breed showed that swamp buffaloes and river buffaloes had the same carcass quality (P > 0.05).
Keyword: River buffaloes, Swamp buffaloes, Ultrasonography

Judul: Morfometrik Tubuh serta Persentase Karkas dan Non Karkas Kerbau Rawa dan Sapi PO Hasil Penggemukkan secara Feedlot
Abstrak: Buffalo has anatomical similarity with cattle, such as rument and body frame. The objective of this study were to body measurement and percentage of carcass and non carcass of swamp buffaloes and PO cattles in the feedlot system. Six heads male of Swamp Buffalo (218 kg) and eight heads male of PO Cattle (217 kg) were maintained in the feedlot system for 10 weeks. The body size was measured during the maintenance and percentage of carcass and non carcass were taken from the calculations of carcass/non carcass weight per live weight ×100%, data was analyzed using t-test method. The results showed that various parts of the body measurement was significant (P<0.05), percentage of carcass was too significant (P<0.01), and percentage of non carcass was not significant (P>0.05).
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), swamp buffalo., PO cattle, non carcass, feedlot, carcass, body measurement

Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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