Judul: The Effect of Research and Development on Economic Growth in East Asia and Southeast Asia
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi merupakan salah satu faktor krusial dalam pertumbuhan ekonomi. Di Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara, adanya inovasi yang didukung oleh peran dari sektor riset dan pengembangan memegang peran penting dalam upaya negara-negara tersebut untuk meningkatkan taraf perekonomiannya. Peran sektor riset dan pengembangan dianalisis menggunakan beberapa indikator yaitu R&D expenditure, personel R&D, ekspor komoditas high tech, inovasi, patent by tech, gross fixed capital formation dan tingkat demokrasi yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh berbeda dari variabel terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara berpendapatan tinggi dan negara berpendapatan menengah. Pada negara berpendapatan tinggi, seluruh variabel memiliki pengaruh signifikan sedangkan pada negara berpendapatan menengah, pengaruh signifikan hanya ditunjukkan oleh empat variabel., Technological development is a crucial factor in economic growth. In East Asia and Southeast Asia, innovation supported by the role of the R&D sector plays an important role in these countries' efforts to improve their economics. The effect of the research and development is analyzed using several indicators, such as R&D expenditure, R&D personnel, high tech commodity exports, innovation, patents by tech, gross fixed capital formation and the level of democracy which are then analyzed by using panel data analysis. The results of the analysis show that there are different effects of variables on economic growth in higher-income and middle-income countries. In higher-income countries, five variables have a significant effect while in developing countries, the significant effect is only shown by four variables.
Keyword: Asia Timur, Asia Tenggara, Data Panel, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Riset dan Pengembangan

Judul: Pengaruh Financial Development, Foreign Direct Investment dan Trade Openness terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di ASEAN5+3
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan ekonomi merupakan salah satu indikator dari pembangunan ekonomi dan sering kali menjadi salah satu tujuan utama suatu negara. Sektor keuangan merupakan salah satu sektor yang memiliki fungsi penting dalam perekonomian. Penelitian ini akan menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh financial development, foreign direct investment (FDI) dan trade openness terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di kawasan ASEAN5+3. Variabel FDI dan trade openness juga dimasukkan ke dalam penelitian ini karena keduanya dianggap memengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara seiring dengan perekonomian yang semakin global. Penelitian ini menggunakan analisis data panel dengan data cross section sebanyak 8 negara, yaitu Indonesia, Singapura, Malaysia, Thailand, Philipina, China, Jepang, dan Korea Selatan dan data time series periode 2001 sampai 2014. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, financial development, FDI, dan trade openness secara signifikan memengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi di ASEAN5+3. Variabel financial development berpengaruh negatif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi sedangkan variabel FDI dan trade openness berpengaruh positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di ASEAN5+3.
Keyword: Financial development, foreign direct investment, panel data, pertumbuhan ekonomi, trade opennesss

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell