Judul: Analisis Sistem Pemasaran Sapi Potong di Kota Depok
Abstrak: Terdapat penawaran dan permintaan sapi potong di Kota Depok sehingga membentuk suatu proses pemasaran. Besarnya selisih harga sapi potong ditingkat peternak dengan harga yang diperoleh konsumen perlu diteliti apakah sesuai dengan fungsi pemasaran dan biaya yang terdapat disepanjang saluran pemasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi saluran dan fungsi pemasaran yang dijalankan lembaga pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok, serta menganalisis efisiensi pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok berdasarkan nilai margin pemasaran, persentase farmer’s share, dan nilai rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Responden dalam penelitian terdiri dari 23 peternak sapi potong yang ditentukan dengan menggunakan metode purposive sampling, selanjutnya 5 pedagang besar dan 5 pedagang kecil responden diperoleh melalui metode snowball sampling. Penelitian ini menggunakan data primer berupa hasil wawancara, dilengkapi oleh data sekunder berupa kajian terhadap informasi pustaka yang relevan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat saluran pemasaran sapi potong di Kota Depok. Saluran pemasaran I dan III sebagai saluran pemasaran paling efisien memiliki nilai margin pemasaran rendah, nilai farmer’s share tinggi, dan nilai rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya >1., There is supply and demand for beef cattle in Depok City, thus forming a marketing process. The magnitude of the difference between the price of beef cattle at the farmer level and the price obtained by consumers needs to be investigated, whether it is by the marketing function and costs that exist along the marketing channel. This study aims to identify marketing channels and functions run by beef cattle marketing institutions in Depok City and analyze the marketing efficiency of beef cattle in Depok City based on the marketing margin, farmer's share percentage, and the value of the profit-to-cost ratio. Respondents in the study consisted of 23 beef cattle breeders who were determined using the purposive sampling method, then 5 large traders and 5 small traders respondents were obtained through the snowball sampling method. This study uses primary data in the form of interviews and supplemented by secondary data in the form of a survey of relevant library information. The research shows that there are four marketing channels for beef cattle in Depok City. Marketing channel I and III as the most efficient marketing channel has a low marketing margin, a high farmer's share value, and a profit-to-cost ratio >1.
Keyword: efficiency, margin, livestock, marketing channels

Judul: Marketing Analysis of Beef Cattle in Napis Village, Tambakrejo District, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java.
Abstrak: Sapi potong merupakan salah satu dari delapan produk yang fokus dikembangkan sebagai bahan makanan pokok nasional untuk dikonsumsi dagingnya. Harga sapi potong cenderung berfluktuatif dan memilki marjin pemasaran yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemasaran dan tingkat efisiensi pemasaran. Metode penggumpulan data menggunakan simple random sampling untuk peternak dan snowball sampling untuk lembaga pemasaran. Hasil analisis menunjukan saluran yang relative lebih efisien adalah saluran 3 (peternak-pedagang pengumpul-pedagang pemotong lokal). Indikator efisiensi pemasaran adalah marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share, rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya, daya serap komoditas, fungsi-fungsi pemasaran, perilaku pasar, serta hubungan kerjasama antar lembaga yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pemasaran sapi potong di Desa Napis.
Keyword: Marketing efficiency, Beef cattle, Marketting channel, Cooperation relationship, Snowball sampling, Collecting breeders

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity