Judul: Resistance Analysis of Transgenic Potato Cultivar IPB CP3 Containing the MmCu/Zn-SOD Gene against Aluminum Stress and Low pH
Abstrak: Kelarutan aluminium (Al) yang tinggi dan pH rendah menjadi faktor pembatas pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kentang. IPB CP3 ialah kultivar kentang industri yang cocok untuk pembuatan keripik kentang dan french fries. Gen MmCu/Zn-SOD telah diintroduksi ke dalam kultivar IPB CP3 sehingga menghasilkan kentang transgenik yang tahan cekaman abiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis stabilitas transgen MmCu/Zn-SOD dan ketahanan kultivar IPB CP3 transgenik terhadap cekaman Al dan pH rendah secara in vitro. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL), dua faktor perlakuan, dan empat ulangan. Faktor pertama yaitu genotipe kentang yang terdiri atas IPB CP3 non-transgenik dan empat klon transgenik (P3SOD3, P3SOD7, P3SOD10 dan P3SOD13). Faktor kedua yaitu cekaman Al dan pH rendah pada media tanam yang terdiri atas (1) pH 4+Al 2 mM, (2) pH 4 tanpa Al, dan (3) pH 5,8 tanpa Al (kontrol). Transgen MmCu/Zn-SOD di dalam genom tanaman IPB CP3 transgenik tetap stabil. Tingkat ketahanan klon transgenik terhadap Al dan pH rendah bervariasi. Klon P3SOD3 dan P3SOD10 mempunyai tingkat ketahanan paling tinggi terhadap cekaman Al dan pH rendah., The high solubility of aluminum (Al) and low pH is a limiting-factors for growth and can reduce plant productivity. IPB CP3 is an industrial potato suitable for the manufacture of potato chips and french fries. IPB CP3 cultivar potato was introduced with the MmCu/Zn-SOD gene resulting in abiotic stress resistant transgenic potatoes. This study aims to analyze the stability of the MmCu/Zn-SOD transgene in transgenic IPB CP3 potato cultivars and their resistance to Al stress and low pH in vitro. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD), two treatment factors, and four replications. The first factor was the potato genotypes consisting of non-transgenic IPB CP3 and four transgenic clones (P3SOD3, P3SOD7, P3SOD10, and P3SOD13). The second factor was the Al and low pH stresses on planting medium which consisted of (1) pH 4+Al 2 mM, (2) pH 4 without Al, and (3) pH 5.8 without Al (control). The MmCu/Zn-SOD transgene in the genome of the transgenic IPB CP3 plants remained stable. The resistance levels of transgenic clones to Al and low pH varied. The P3SOD3 and P3SOD10 clones had the highest level of resistance to Al and low pH stresses.
Keyword: french fries, genotipe kentang, in vitro, keripik kentang, transgen

Judul: Introduction of MmCu/ZnSOD Gene into Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) Genome Cultivar IPB CP3 Mediated Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Abstrak: Cekaman abiotik merupakan salah satu faktor penyebab penurunan kualitas dan hasil produksi pertanian. Pada kondisi tercekam, tanaman akan memproduksi reactive oxygen species (ROS) berlebih seperti superosida (O2*-) dan hydroxyl radical (OH*) yang dapat mendegradasi biomolekul penting seperti protein, lipid, karbohidrat dan DNA sehingga menyebabkan kerusakan dan kematian sel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengintroduksi gen MmCu/ZnSOD dibawah kendali promotor 35S CaMV ke dalam genom tanaman kentang IPB CP3 untuk meningkatkan toleransinya terhadap cekaman kekeringan dan salinitas melalui detoksifikasi ROS. Transformasi genetik dengan perantara Agrobacterium tumefaciens pada 300 eksplan ruas batang tanpa mata tunas menghasilkan tanaman transgenik putatif dengan efisiensi transformasi dan regenerasi sebesar 47,33% dan 31,09%, secara berurutan. Analisis integrasi menunjukkan bahwa 18 klon transgenik terbukti membawa gen MmCu/ZnSOD di bawah kendali promotor 35S CaMV yang menandakan bahwa klon tersebut transgenik. Uji cekaman kekeringan dan salinitas secara in vitro menunjukkan bahwa keenam klon transgenik memiliki toleransi lebih tinggi dibandingkan non-transgenik berdasarkan jumlah dan panjang akar total.
Keyword: superoksida dismutase, kekeringan, salinitas, kentang, reactive oxygen species

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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