Judul: Harvesting Management of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera
Abstrak: Panen merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang penting pada pengelolaan tanaman kelapa sawit. Keberhasilan panen dicapai dengan menghasilkan produktivitas tandan buah yang tinggi dengan kandungan rendemen minyak yang tinggi serta kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) yang rendah sehingga manajemen panen harus dilaksanakan secara optimal. Kegiatan magang mempelajari manajemen pemanenan kelapa sawit yaitu perencanaan panen, pengorganisasian panen, pelaksanaan panen, dan evaluasi panen. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Negeri Lama Selatan, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, Sumatera Utara mulai bulan Januari hingga Mei 2022. Kegiatan magang bekerja secara langsung sebagai pekerja harian lepas (PHL), pendamping mandor, dan pendamping asisten afdeling untuk mempelajari aspek teknis dan manajerial. Manajemen panen merupakan aspek khusus yang diamati dalam kegiatan magang. Rotasi panen terpanjang mencapai 13 hari, sedangkan standar perusahaan adalah 10 hari. Penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) tergolong cukup baik. Kapasitas panen terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan karena pekerja memperoleh basis harian yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata AKP sebesar 20,18% dan rata-rata varian sebesar 2,41%. Kebutuhan tenaga panen diperoleh taksasi sebesar 15,61 dan realisasi sebesar 14,20. Transportasi panen relatif singkat dengan rata-rata waktu yang ditempuh 12,13 menit, rata-rata jarak 2,16 km, dan rata-rata kecepatan 10,88 km jam-1. Persentase mutu buah sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dengan tidak ada buah mentah, buah matang 96,74%, buah terlalu matang 2,55%, dan buah busuk 1,71%. Kehilangan hasil di lapangan sebesar 1,88 butir pokok-1. Penerapan sistem evaluasi, denda, dan premi panen dilakukan untuk menjaga tercapainya basis dan kualitas panen., Harvesting is one of the most important activities in oil palm management. Successful harvesting is achieved by producing high fruit bunch productivity with high oil yield and low free fatty acid (FFE) content, so harvest management must be carried out optimally. The internship studies oil palm harvesting management, namely harvest planning, harvest organization, harvest implementation, and harvest evaluation. The internship was carried out at Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera from January to May 2022. Interns work directly as casual daily workers, accompanying field supervisor, and accompanying afdeling assistant to learn technical and managerial aspects. Harvest management is a specific aspect observed in the internship. The longest harvest rotation reached 13 days, while the company standard is 10 days. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is quite good. There is a significant difference in harvesting capacity because workers get a set daily basis. The average plant harvest density (AKP) is 20.18% and the average variance is 2.41%. The demand for harvesters was estimated at 15.61 and realized at 14.20. Harvest transportation is relatively short, with an average time taken of 12.13 minutes, an average distance of 2.16 km, and an average speed of 10.88 km h-1. The percentage of fruit quality is in accordance with company standards, with no unripe fruit, 96.74% ripe fruit, 2.55% overripe fruit, and 1.71% rotten fruit. The yield loss in the field was 1.88 loose fruit plant-1. A system of evaluation, penalty, and harvest reward was implemented to maintain the achievement of yield basis and quality.
Keyword: harvest labor, harvest maturity criteria, harvest rotation, yield loss

Judul: Harvesting Management of Palm oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Petapahan Utara Estate, PT Peputra Masterindo, Kampar District, Riau
Abstrak: Pemanenan dan pengelolaan hasil merupakan kegiatan terakhir dalam pengusahaan kelapa sawit. Kualitas buah berdampak pada kualitas minyak yang dihasilkan sehingga perlu adanya kegiatan manajemen pemanenan yang baik. Kegiatan magang mempelajari manajemen pemanenan kelapa sawit yang meliputi perencanaan panen, pelaksanaan panen, dan evaluasi panen. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan mulai bulan Januari sampai Mei 2021. Rotasi panen termasuk panjang mencapai 15 hari, sedangkan standar kebun adalah 7 hari. Rata-rata AKP 21,53% dengan rata-rata varian 2,52%. Kebutuhan tenaga panen rata-rata taksasi 18,56 HK sedangkan realisasi 17,25 HK, hal tersebut sudah termasuk ideal. Penggunaan APD pemanen tergolong baik walaupun sebagian tidak berkenan menggunakan helm saat pelaksanaan panen. Transportasi panen menuju PKS relatif singkat yaitu 10,12 menit dengan rata-rata jarak tempuh 2,02 km dan kecepatan rata-rata 13,33 km jam-1. Pada pengamatan umur, masa kerja, jumlah tanggungan, dan pendidikan formal dari tenaga panen tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap kapasitas panen. Persentase mutu TBS sesuai dengan yang telah diterapkan oleh perusahaan, yaitu tidak ditemukan buah mentah, rata-rata buah mengkal 0,84, matang 98,03 dan busuk 1,14. Kehilangan hasil di lapangan ditemukan buah matang yang tidak terpanen dengan rata-rata 1 buah dan 1,43 butir brondolan tanaman-1. Upah basis sebesar Rp108.500,00 hari, dengan premi TBS Rp90,00, dan Rp400,00 kg brondolan-1. Kebun Utara Petapahan menerapkan sistem denda digunakan untuk meminimalisir terjadinya kesalahan panen., Harvest operation and management is the last stage of oil palm production. Fruit quality has a direct influence on the quality of oil produced which necessitates the implementation of good harvest management. An internship was conducted to study the harvest management of oil palm, including harvest planning, harvest operation and harvest evaluation. The internship started from January to May 2021. Harvest rotation lasted for 15 days, which took longer than the company standard of 7 days. The average harvest density was around 21.53% with an average variance of 2.52%. The average manpower needed for harvest operation was estimated at 18.56 while the realized number was 17.25, which considered ideal. The use of Personal protective equipment ( PPE) on harvest workers was sufficient, even though some workers refused to wear helmet during harvest. Harvest transportation to Palm Oil Mill (POM) was relatively quick which took around 10-12 minutes with an average distance of 2.02 km and an average speed of 13.33 km hour-1. There was no significant difference between harvesting capacity related to age, years of service, number of dependents, and formal education of harvest workers. The percentage of Fresh Fruit Bunch (FFB) quality was in line with the company standard with no unripe fruits found in the yield, and average number of half-ripe, ripe and rotten fruits reached 0.84; 98.03 and 1.14 respectively. On field yield loss showed an average of 1 bunch that left unharvested with average individual losses of 1.43 loose fruits plant-1. Initial base wage was offered at Rp108.500.00 days-1, with additional wages of Rp90.00 for each FFB, and Rp400.00 for every kilogram of loose fruits collected. Kebun Utara Petapahan implemented a sanction system to minimize harvest faulty.
Keyword: harvest rotation, harvester, PPE, yield loss

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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