Judul: Karakterisasi Gen HSP70 pada Ayam KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan), Ayam Walik dan Ayam Kate Walik.
Abstrak: Ayam KUB (Kampung Unggul Balitbangtan), ayam walik dan ayam kate walik merupakan ayam lokal Indonesia yang telah beradaptasi dengan iklim tropis, dengan suhu dan kelembapan tinggi pada siang hari, terutama di musim kemarau. Walaupun cekaman panas belum menjadi masalah utama pada ayam lokal Indonesia, namun peningkatan suhu lingkungan karena pemanasan global perlu diantisipasi dengan melakukan penelitian yang komprehensif untuk mendapatkan database ayam lokal Indonesia yang tahan terhadap cekaman panas. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan genotipe ayam lokal Indonesia yang tahan terhadap cekaman panas dengan cara: (1) mengidentifikasi keragaman gen HSP70 pada ayam KUB, ayam walik dan ayam kate walik, (2) mengkaji respon fisiologis ayam KUB dan ayam walik dengan haplotipe gen HSP70 berbeda terhadap cekaman panas akut. Identifikasi keragaman gen HSP70 dilakukan pada 50 ayam KUB, 41 ayam walik dan 3 ayam kate walik. DNA total diisolasi dari darah menggunakan DNeasy blood & tissue kit. Analisis menggunakan PCR-Sequencing menghasilkan sekuen gen HSP70 berukuran 787 pb, yang terdiri atas daerah promoter (210 pb), daerah 5’UTR (112 pb) dan daerah penyandi protein (465 pb). Sekuen gen HSP70 ayam KUB, walik dan kate walik menunjukkan adanya keragaman genetik di daerah promoter (insersi dan delesi), daerah 5’UTR (delesi dan substitusi basa nukleotida) dan daerah penyandi protein (substitusi basa nukleotida). Variasi substitusi basa nukleotida pada tiga situs spesifik: g.44A>G (daerah 5’UTR), dan g.370A>G dan g.388C>G (daerah penyandi protein) menghasilkan dua haplotipe (H1 dan H2) di daerah 5’UTR, dan empat haplotipe (H1, H2, H3, dan H4) di daerah penyandi protein. Empat haplotipe (H1, H2, H3, dan H4) yang terdapat di daerah penyandi protein gen HSP70 memiliki variasi basa nukleotida yang berbeda pada posisi g.370A>G dan g.388C>G, tetapi keempat haplotipe tersebut memiliki basa yang sama pada situs g.44A>G. Sebaliknya, haplotipe H2 (daerah 5’UTR) dan H1 (daerah penyandi protein) ternyata memiliki urutan basa nukleotida yang sama pada posisi g.370A>G dan g.388C>G, tetapi kedua haplotipe tersebut memiliki basa nukleotida yang berbeda pada situs g.44A>G. Oleh sebab itu didapatkan haplotipe baru dan diberi nama haplotipe H1'. Dengan demikian terdapat lima haplotipe gen HSP70 (H1', H1, H2, H3, dan H4) pada ayam walik, empat haplotipe gen HSP70 (H1’, H1, H2, dan H3) pada ayam KUB, sedangkan pada ayam kate walik hanya didapatkan satu haplotipe gen HSP70 (H2). Haplotipe H4 hanya ditemukan pada ayam walik. Haplotipe H4 merupakan haplotipe baru yang belum pernah dilaporkan sebelumnya, dan dihasilkan dari mutasi di dua situs spesifik (g.370A>G dan g.388C>G) daerah penyandi protein gen HSP70 ayam. Selain itu hanya ditemukan satu CpG island (376 pb) dengan 33 situs CpG pada daerah promoter dan ekson gen HSP70 ayam KUB, ayam walik dan ayam kate walik. Ayam KUB dan walik yang telah diseleksi berdasarkan haplotipe gen HSP70 selanjutnya diuji tantang dengan cekaman panas akut. Distribusi haplotipe gen HSP70 ternyata sangat bervariasi pada setiap rumpun dan jenis kelamin ayam. Oleh sebab itu pencuplikan sampel untuk uji tantang dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan menggunakan sebaran haplotipe yang sama (equal) pada rumpun ayam KUB dan ayam walik. Sebanyak masing-masing empat ekor ayam betina dewasa dari ayam KUB dan ayam walik dengan empat haplotipe berbeda (H1', H1, H2, dan H3) diuji tantang
Keyword: ayam lokal Indonesia, cekaman panas, gen HSP70, hormon, infrared thermography

Judul: Identifikasi keragaman gen penyandi tahan panas (Heat Shock Protein 70) ayam lokal serta respon fisiologisnya terhadap cekaman panas akut
Abstrak: This study was designed to obtain HSP 70 genotypes of chickens which were tolerant to high ambient temperature or heat stress, while the specific objectives were: 1) To examine the HSP 70 gene polymorphism in local, Arabic, and commercial chickens, 2) To examine the genotype effect of local, arabic, and commercial chickens on their adaptability to the high environmental temperature. The study used 96 blood samples from local chicken, 94 samples from Arabic chickens, and 87 samples from commercial chickens which were taken from the brachial vein at the age of 12 weeks. Day old Kampong chickens were obtained by hatching the eggs that were collected from lowlands, medium, and high altitude areas in Lombok Island, while the day old Arabic chickens were obtained from local farmer. Day old commercial chickens were purchased from the local poultry shop. Each genotype from each chicken classes wasrepresented by 4 chickens to be challenged to heat stress at 40oC, one chicken as a control (was not exposed to given heat to heat stress), one chicken was exposed to heat stress for 0.5, 1, and 1.5 hours, respectively. The genotyping results by using PCR-SSCP analysis showed that kampong and Arabic chickens were polymorphic, while commercial chickens were classified as monomorphic. Kampong chickens had seven genotypes of HSP 70, namely AA, AB, AC, CC, AD, DD, and BC. The AD genotypes and A allele had the highest frequency in kampong chickens. Arabic chickens had six genotypes, namely AA, AB, AC, CC, AD, and BC, which AC genotype and A allele had the highest frequencies. However, the commercial chickens had only one genotype, namely DD. Seven were polymorphic sites found in applicated area, namely AG mutation at site 617, AG mutation at sites 628 and G C mutation at site 646, mutation CT at sites 661 and AG mutation at site 699, mutation GC at site 754, and AG mutation at site 792. Mutation at site 628, 646 and 661 were considered as silent mutation. HSP 70 gene in kampong and arabic chickens population in this study were in equilibrium. The values of Ho, He, and PIC of kampong and Arabic chickens were not significant. The chicken breeds (local, arabic and commercial chickens) affected the panting frequency, feces water content, and the blood hematocrit values as well, but did not affect the onset of panting, drinking water consumption, feed consumption, rectal temperature, HSP 70 expression, the serum corticosterone concentration, erythrocytes concentration, hemoglobin, leucocyte concentration, heterophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophil, and the H/L ratio. Acute heat stress caused an increase in the panting frequency, drinking water consumption, rectal temperature, feces water content, the expression of HSP 70, the serum corticosterone concentration, the heterophils, basophils, and the H/L ratio, and decreased feed intake, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit value, leucocyte, lymphocytes, and monocytes percentages. Heat stress treatment did not affect the percentage of eosinophils. Long-term heat stress did not affect the onset of panting, drinking water consumption, feed consumption, rectal temperature, feces water content, serum corticosterone concentration, erythrocytes concentration, hemoglobin, hematocrit values, leucocyte concentration, and heterophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes percentage. However,
Keyword: HSP 70 gene, local chickens, corticosterone, panting, hematologic

Judul: Tinjauan Matematis pada Model Makroskopik dan Mikroskopik Arus Lalu-lintas
Abstrak: Traffic flow phenomenon can be described through mathematical model such as continuous dynamic model with an ordinary differential equation so that it can be solved with integral factors. In this paper three simple models of traffic flow are discussed, i.e, two macroscopic and one microscopic models. Macroscopic model formulates dynamics of the traffic flow that occurs on a large number of vehicles on a road. While the microscopic model explains drivers’ behavior in their interaction with other vehicles ahead, i.e, car-following model. This paper shows the existence of ordinary differential equation found in the traffic flow model and indicates some different representations in the context of the same model. It also reviews a simple model of traffic flow along a single link, which leads to some unexpected results, i.e, it can express the solution model in term of link outflows as well as trip time. In the microscopic model, simulation is done to illustrate the behavior of the drivers with a sensitivity coefficient as a benchmark parameter.
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