Judul: Kajian Pengaruh Perubahan Iklim dan Tata Guna Lahan di Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Citarum Hulu terhadap Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Air Saguling
Abstrak: Saguling Hydropower has an important role in addressing electricity demand in Jawa-Bali region. To generate electricity, the hydropower utilizes storage water in Saguling Reservoir. However, due to rapid rate of deforestation, the hydrological cycle becomes uncertain as well as the water supply for electricity generation. The global climate change also affects local rainfall in the watershed. This research aimed to analyze the integrated impacts of landuse change and climate change in Upper Citarum Watershed on electricity generation of Saguling Hydropower. The SWAT model was applied to simulate hydrological cycle in the watershed while RegCM3 data simulated by CCROM-SEAP was used as climate data input. Statistical equation of inflowelectricity production based on different season (rainy and dry season) was also used to generate electricity data from inflow. It was predicted that between 2000 and 2025 deforestation will reduce about 38% forest cover in Upper Citarum watershed. This would lead to increasing runoff fraction and decreasing stream baseflow over subbasin scale. On the other side, climate change triggers rainfall alteration temporally and spatially that posses discharge input for hydropower. Collectively, climate and landuse change strengthen the risk of low inflow to Saguling reservoir, leading to lower electricity production.
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Judul: Discharge Hydrograph Analysis using HEC-HMS Model (Case study:Upper Citarum Watershed).
Abstrak: memiliki fungsi sebagai daerah utama resapan air, pemasok air waduk Cirata dan Jatiluhur, irigasi wilayah pertanian, pembangkit listrik dan kebutuhan air wilayah Jawa Barat maupun Jakarta. DAS Citarum Hulu dominan akan genangan banjir, sampah, limbah industri dan berkurangnya kawasan hutan menjadi non-hutan. Pemukiman semakin meningkat tanpa perencanaan yang baik, erosi, dan pola pertanian yang tidak sesuai dengan kaidah konservasi menyebabkan areal genangan banjir semakin meluas, tingkat erosi yang semakin tinggi, dan menurunkan kualitas air sungai Citarum. Salah satu nilai penting dari sistem DAS adalah mentransformasi curah hujan menjadi debit aliran, untuk kondisi curah hujan saat ini (baseline) maupun curah hujan berdasarkan skenario menggunakan model MAGICC/SCENGEN. Dalam penelitian ini bentuk transformasi tersebut berupa kurva hidrograf aliran pengamatan dan hasil model hidrologi HEC-HMS. Keunggulan dari model ini yaitu dapat mensimulasikan proses curah hujan menjadi limpasan pada DAS yang memiliki luasan cukup besar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menyusun hidrograf aliran dan mengetahui besarnya perubahan nilai hidrograf aliran akibat skenario perubahan curah hujan. Wilayah kajian adalah DAS Citarum Hulu yang memiliki luas lebih dari 2700 km2. Debit puncak sesaat dari DAS Citarum Hulu sekitar 100 m3/detik dan volume aliran kurang dari 23 juta m3. Hasil skenario menunjukkan bahwa DAS Citarum Hulu cenderung mengalami penurunan curah hujan yaitu 7,5%; 11%; 16% dan 24% berturut-turut untuk tahun 2015, 2025, 2035 dan 2050. Penurunan curah hujan menyebabkan penurunan nilai hidrograf aliran, debit puncak dan volume aliran hasil model HEC-HMS. Hal ini menyebabkan ketidakseimbangan kondisi air suatu DAS, dimana pada saat kemarau akan mengalami defisit air.
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Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography