Judul: Extraction process engineering Kamandrah (Croton tiglium L.) seed oil with expression and biolarvacide development of Dengue Fever Preventive
Abstrak: Kamandrah (Croton triglium L.) is one of many medicinal plants found in the some parts of Indonesia. Kamandrah seeds produce oil that can be used as biolarvacide. The objectives of this research were to study larvacidal activity of the ingredients contained in the seed extract of kamandrah; to get optimum conditions of kamandrah seed extraction using pressing method; to provide processing technology of larvacide production; and to analyze the financial feasibility of the product. The results of proximate analysis of kamandrah seed oil showed that it contained 6.29% water, 3.6% ash, 53.73% fat, 11.98% protein, 8.25% crude fiber, and 16.15% carbohydrates (by difference). Kamandrah fruits harvested at the age of 42 days after flowering (fully brown rind colour) were the most effective as larvacide against A. aegepty larvae. The yield of oil was 20.42% and the LC50 value was as much as 132.67 ppm (24 hours) and 70.08 ppm (48 hours). The acid number of the oil was 8.76 mg KOH/g oil; free fatty acid level was 4.36 mg KOH/g oil; peroxide number was 3.59 meq O/100g; refractive index was 1.4783; specific gravity was 0.9466 g/ml and colour values were 73.03, 64.13, and 3.26 for L*, a* and b*, respectively. The two major unsaturated fatty acids components in kamandrah oil were oleic acid (42.33%) and linoleic acid (2.03%). The results of GC-MS analysis with NIST library search showed that the active ingredients predicted as insecticide were piperidine and 1,4- naphthoquinone while the result of identification with a library pest.l showed the the active ingredients were butacarboxim compound, 2,3,6-trichlorphenol, dnoc, and propamocarb. Based on optimization of kamandrah seed extraction process, the optimum conditions to obtain the optimum yield, LC50 and LC90 values using canonical analysis were heating temperature of 85oC, pressure of 10.54 Pa, and heating time of 15 minutes. The response values for yield, LC50 and LC90 at this optimum condition were 29%, 41,85 ppm, and 87,51 ppm, respectively. The results of product design for the plant-derived (vegetable) larvacide made from kamandrah oil showed that the best form was sustained released granules, which was non-irritating to eyes and skin, with LC50 values of 1,039 ppm (24 hours) and 718 ppm (48 hours). Financial analysis showed that the larvacide produced from oil extract of kamandrah seed was feasible to be developed and produced with NPV of Rp. 25.509.663.712, IRR of 32.9%, Net B/C ratio of 1.4 and PBP of 5.9 years.
Keyword: active ingredients, larvacide, oil extraction, financial analysis, Process Engineering, Kamandrah, Croton tiglium L., Seed Oil, Biolarvacide Development Of Dengue

Judul: Characterization and technology process development of  standardized extract of kamandrah (Croton tiglium L.)
Abstrak: dentification and taxonomy analysis conducted at Herbariu m Bogoriense at Research Centre for Biology, Indonesian Institute of Sciences Bogor. The name of the plant was C.tiglium L. The moisture and proximate analysis showed that the kamandrah seed contained moisture up to 6.20%, fat 40.1%, protein 26%, carbohydrate 15,51% and other elements such as fiber and ash.The phytochemical analysis showed that the hexane-soluble seeds extract contained fatty acids, terpenoids and alkaloids, while the ethanol- soluble extract of the seeds contained alkaloids, steroids, terpenoids and saponins
Keyword: croton tiglium, tetradecaoic acid, myrictic acid, safety test, process technology

Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik