Judul: Detection of Fish Gelatin Using Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique with Various DNA Markers
Abstrak: Penggunaan gelatin untuk pengolahan pangan dan nonpangan semakin meningkat, namun identifikasi gelatin yang berasal dari bahan baku ikan dengan sapi dan babi belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian mengenai deteksi sumber gelatin ikan dengan teknik Polimerase Chain Reaction sangat penting untuk dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melakukan isolasi DNA gelatin ikan serta menentukan primer untuk mengidentifikasi gelatin ikan dengan pendekatan DNA-based method. Proses amplifikasi isolat DNA dilakukan menggunakan primer target fish universal F1/R1, Mini-barcode, cyt b Pangasianodon sp., kolagen ikan, cyt b bovine, dan 12S rRNA-tRNA Val Sus sucrofa. Hasil sekuensing sampel DP dan GI dengan primer gen cyt b Pangasianodon sp. termasuk dalam spesies Pangasianodon sp. dengan persentase identity 100%. Analisis pohon filogeni sampel DNA juga menunjukkan bahwa sampel DP dan GI teridentifikasi sebagai Pangasionodon
Keyword: Fish gelatin, Pangasionodon, PCR, primer

Judul: Molecular Marker Gen Cytochrome B to Detect Species in Processed Fish Products
Abstrak: DNA barcoding dengan penanda genetik cytochrome b (cyt b) serta autentifikasi berbasis PCR digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi produk olahan perikanan serta keaslian bahan baku sehingga dapat mengurangi permasalahan keamanan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan melihat ketertelusuran produk olahan perikanan. Sampel berjumlah 25 terdiri dari fillet ikan beku, asin, dan produk olahan perikanan yang diisolasi serta gen diperbanyak dengan primer universal. Isolat DNA memiliki konsentrasi 1,1-3.786,96 ng/μL dengan kemurnian 0,4-2,08. Primer universal berhasil mengamplifikasi gen cyt b sebanyak 22 dari 25 produk perikanan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan sampel terdeteksi sebagai Salmo salar, Lates calcarifer, Thunnus albacares. Hasil penelitan menunjukkan; Mislabelling untuk spesies Pangasianodon sp. yang dipasarkan sebagai produk fillet ikan dori dan kemudian Psettodes erumei yang dipasarkan sebagai ikan kerapu; serta dalam sampel terdeteksi juga ikan yang terancam punah yaitu spesies Carcharhinus falciformis, Sphyrna mokarran dan Himantura chaophraya., PCR-based DNA barcoding with genetic marker cytochrome b (cyt b) can be used to identify species in processed products as well as the authenticity of raw materials. This study aims to detect and see the traceability of fishery processed products. Twenty-five samples consisting of frozen fish fillets, salted fish fillets, and processed fishery product were isolated and their gene was amplified using universal primer. The DNA isolates had a concentration of 1.1-3,786.96 ng/μl, with a purity of 0.4-2.08. The universal primer was successfully amplified the cyt b gene in 22 out of 25 fish products. Analysis showed samples detected as Salmo salar, Lates calcarifer, Thunnus albacares. The results showed; Mislabelling for Pangasionodon sp. species which is marketed as a Dori fish fillet product and then Psettodes erumei which is marketed as Grouper fish fillet; And in the sample detected also endangered fish namely the species Carcharhinus falciformis, Sphyrna mokarran, and Himantura chaophraya.
Keyword: Cytochrome b, DNA barcoding, fishery products, PCR.

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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