Judul: Design and construction of mini flume tank for fish swimming behaviour experiment
Abstrak: This research is carried out to design and construct mini flume tank that is reliable and ideal used for fish swimming behavior experiment through a series testing the flume tank for its technical performance. The mini flume tank has a maximum water velocity 85 cm/s (1.7 knots), with dimensions of 250 x 135 x 55 cm, and water capacity 155 litres. Based on the operation test, field observation on the tanks was clearly visible due to minimal air bubbles in the water flow. The observations for fish swimming behaviour experiment could be conducted from the two view fields (top and side) that allow observation of swimming endurance and fish tail flick easily. The water velocity visually was in laminar category at each level of the tested flow speeds. The rpm of motor was relatively stable for more than 200 minutes. The motor temperature was below 60 oC at frequency of 10 to 40 Hz. At frequency of 50 Hz the temperature reached 60 °C in 25 minutes and stable at 73oC after an hour. Water temperature changes during the test for more than 200 minutes at different speeds which have differences of 0.2 to 1.8 oC. The test result showed that the mini flume tank performance was reliable and ideal used for fish swimming behavior experiment.
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Judul: Flume Tank Sebagai Sarana Penelitian Tingkah Laku Ikan
Abstrak: Flume tank adalah sebuah alat penelitian yang dibuat untuk mempermudah pengamatan tingkah laku ikan dengan menggunakan instrumentasi yang sederhana. Diharapkan alat ini nantinya akan sangat bermanfaat bagi kegiatan penelitian laboratorium khususnya observasi tingkah laku renang ikan. konstruksi flume tank ini berbentuk melingkar tanpa sudut siku, karena dapat mengurangi turbulensi yang terjadi ketika arus air mulai digerakkan. Dilengkapi dengan penghomogen arus yang dapat meratakan sebaran kecepatan arus yang berputar sehingga kecepatan arus pada setiap bagian merata, terutama di titik pengamatan. Flume tank dilengkapi dengan dua kamera yang dapat merekam dari dua arah yang berbeda yaitu vertikal dan horizontal. Dari dua kamera tersebut nantinya dihasilkan data pengamatan yang akan dianalisis menggunakan software atau program-program pengolahan dan pengeditan film. Data tersebut dapat dianalisis dengan membaca tiap frame yang dihasilkan pada masing-masing software, biasanya dalam 1 detik akan menghasilkan 25 frame. Flume tank ini telah diuji coba untuk mengamati pola dan kecepatan renang ikan bawal. Hasil yang diperoleh dari pengujian tersebut disimpulkan bahwa pola renang ikan bawal dengan tipe body and or caudal fin locomotion undulatory dengan tipe subcarangiform. Sedangkan untuk kecepatan renang ikan bawal telah diperoleh hubungan antara frekeunsi kibasan untuk kecepatan renangnya. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan frekuensi kibasan ekor berpengaruh terhadap kecepatan renang yaitu semakin besar frekuensi kibasan ekor maka kecepatan renang yang dihasilkan akan semakin besar pula.
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Judul: Lejeuneaceae Subfamily Ptychanthoideae (Hepaticae) in  West Java
Abstrak: Subfamily Ptychanthoideae of the family Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) in West Java is still poorly known. Publications on this subfamily are out of dated and written in the 19th or early of 20th century. The last taxonomic treatment of Ptychanthoideae of West Java was in 1933, many species names have changed since then. Studies on Ptychanthoideae of West Java are urgently needed. Studies on the Ptychanthoideae were based on the specimens collected from West Java. A total number of 361 of specimens deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), Herbarium Biotrop (BIOT), Gottingen Herbarium (GOET) and Bangi Herbarium (UKMB) were examined, those are old and several recent specimens collected in West Java. Recent collections were made from Telaga Warna, Ciater, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Cibodas Botanical Garden, Bodogol Education Center and Conservation (Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park), University of Indonesia Campus Depok, including several collections from Banten Province. Twenty four species of Lejeuneaceae subfamily Ptychanthoideae are known from West Java, belonging to 8 genera namely Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (2 species), Archilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (1 species), Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (10 species), Mastigolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (3 species), Ptychanthus Nees (1 species), Schiffneriolejeunea Verd. (1 species), Spruceanthus Verd. (2 species) and Thysananthus Lindenb. (4 species). Two new records of Ptychanthoideae: Mastigolejeunea indica Steph. and Thysananthus minor Verdoorn are reported for Java. A determination key to the species is presented including their descriptions and illustrations.
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