Judul: Manajemen Risiko Petani Gabah Kering Menggunakan Opsi Tipe Eropa
Abstrak: One of the problems faced by Indonesian farmers is the fluctuation of paddy grain price. The price is at the lowest point during the harvest season and at the highest point in the planting season. To solve this problem, farmers can postpone selling. Instead, the grains were stored in a storage system called SRG. Farmers get a storing document called the warehouse receipts. The implementation of warehouse receipts is not yet optimally benefited by farmers. The integration of warehouse receipts with one of the derivatives product which is European option could improve farmers’ profit. The European put option assured that farmers’ paddy grain still be marketable although the price is uncertain. In this SRG system, paddy grain auctions could be held. In this event farmers can use the European call option, and farmers also get the profit. The fluctuation of paddy grain price resembles the stock price characteristics. Therefore the Black-Scholes stock pricing model can be applied to determine the price European option of paddy grain.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), warehouse receipt system, warehouse receipt, fluctuations in the price of paddy grain, European put option, European call option

Judul: Manajemen Risiko Petani Kakao Menggunakan Opsi Amerika
Abstrak: Fluktuasi dan ketidakpastian harga yang dihadapi oleh petani kakao dapat menimbulkan kerugian atau minimnya keuntungan yang diperoleh petani. Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) dapat memungkinkan petani menunda jual biji kakao dengan menyimpannya terlebih dahulu di gudang sampai jangka waktu tertentu. Selanjutnya, petani akan mendapatkan resi gudang sebagai dokumen bukti kepemilikan aset yang dapat dijadikan sebagai agunan. Optimalisasi manfaat dari penerapan SRG dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengintegrasikannya dengan opsi put tipe Amerika untuk meminimumkan risiko kerugian yang dialami oleh petani kakao. Opsi put tipe Amerika memungkinkan petani untuk menjual kakaonya kapan saja, yaitu sebelum atau pada saat waktu jatuh tempo. Nilai opsi dihitung menggunakan model binomial 12-langkah dengan asumsi harga kakao berubah setiap bulan untuk kontrak opsi put tipe Amerika berjangka satu tahun. Dari model ini didapatkan nilai opsi put tipe Amerika yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk menentukan seberapa besar keuntungan petani. Bentuk integrasi SRG dengan opsi put tipe Amerika memberikan kepastian bahwa kakao petani akan tetap terjual dan memperoleh keuntungan walaupun ada ketidakpastian harga.
Keyword: Model Binomial, opsi put tipe Amerika, resi gudang, Sistem Resi Gudang

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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