Judul: Karakterisasi genetik dan antigenik virus avian influenza yang diisolasi dari peternakan itik komersial di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang
Abstrak: Itik adalah reservoir dari virus avian influenza (AI) tetapi pada kejadian wabah virus AI di Kabupaten Sidenreng Rappang angka kematian itik sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi virus avian influenza yang diisolasi pada saat terjadi wabah AI pada tahun 2016. Dua puluh lima sampel usap kloaka dikumpulkan secara acak dari tujuh peternakan itik komersial di Sidenreng Rappang selama wabah AI pada tahun 2016. Sampel dari masing-masing peternakan dikumpulkan ke dalam satu pool sampel, sehingga pada akhirnya ada tujuh sampel pooling. Sampel diisolasi pada telur ayam embrio spesifik antibodi negatif (SAN), kemudian dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi virus AI subtipe H5 dan N1 dengan menggunakan reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Produk PCR yang diperoleh diurutkan untuk gen hemaglutinin (HA) yang menggunakan primer H5- 1: 5'-GCC ATT CCA CAT ACA CCC-3' dan H5-3: 5'-CTC CCC TGC TCA TTG CTA-3' untuk menentukan patogenitas dan clade dari virus ini. Hasil RT-PCR menunjukkan bahwa ketujuh isolat tersebut adalah virus AI subtipe H5N1. Hasil pengurutan gen HA pada daerah cleavage site dari semua isolat menunjukkan pola "P-Q-R-E-R-R-R-K-R-G-L-F". Berdasarkan hasil pengurutan nukleutida, semua isolat virus AI termasuk highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) clade 2.3.2. Relasi antigenik antar virus ditentukan dengan menggunakan rasio Archetti Horsfall (R). Nilai R antar isolat virus AI berkisar antara 0,18-0,71. Hasil penelitian kami mengindikasikan bahwa virus HPAI clade 2.3.2 telah beredar di Sidenreng Rappang dan karena adanya variasi antigenik di antara virus yang beredar, maka perlu dilakukan program pengendalian virus AI pada peternakan itik petelur di Sulawesi Selatan.
Keyword: Avian Influenza, Antigenic relation, Duck, Sidenreng Rappang, Chicken eggs, Polymerase

Judul: Kajian Persistensi dan Penularan Virus Avian Influenza di Peternakan Itik menggunakan Teknik Real Time RT-PCR
Abstrak: Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 virus has been a major threat to poultry industry and human health in Indonesia over the past several years. The existence of backyard and free-range duck raising system has been hypothesized to play role in the disease circulation. This study investigated H5 virus infection and circulation occurring in three types of free-range duck farms in Indramayu District, West Java, Indonesia from September 2009 to March 2010. One hundred and eighty pairs of cloacal-oropharyngeal swab samples from sentinel ducks placed in six farms of the three farm types were collected every month for seven months period and screened in pools for influenza A virus. In addition to the sentinel ducks, 30 non-sentinel ducks were included at the first and the last sampling month. Of the total 648 pool samples collected for seven months, 91 pools (14%) were found influenza A positive at repeated events. The virus was more commonly found on type 1 farms followed by type 2 and 3 farms. The individual swab samples of influenza A positive pools were tested for H5 subtype. Of the total 91 pools of influenza A positive samples, 455 individual samples were tested for H5 subtype and 50 (11%) individual samples were found H5 positive. The H5 subtype was found at certain points of sampling time and was more commonly found in type 2 farms followed by type 1 and was not found on type 3 farms. The H5 virus was likely to be transmitted within duck farm but was unlikely to be maintained for a long time.
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Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition