Judul: Kajian Kinerja Surfaktan Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) Untuk Aplikasi Enhanced Water Flooding.
Abstrak: Since 1997, Indonesian oil production from year to year has been decreasing continuously. Meanwhile, the demand of national oil is increasing annually more than domestic production. Consequently, Indonesian government has already spent much money to solve is problem. Oil field condition is the main factor of decreasing oil production in Indonesia . Almost of the all oil fields in Indonesia are brown fields that only have been produced in the primary stage. Therefore, we have to do EOR methods to increase oil field production in Indonesia. One of EOR methods is chemical flooding using surfactant. Commonly, we used petroleum surfactant for chemical flooding. However, the petroleum surfactant has some disadvantages than plant-based surfactants. Petroleum surfactant does not resist to high salinity and high hardness. This study, we use alkyl polyglycoside surfactant that is extracted from fatty alcohol and starches to substitute the petroleum based surfactant. In investigating APG surfactant performance and knowing the best formula APG surfactant for enhanced water flooding, synthetic core, and crude oil are used for flooding tests. The result shows that the APG surfactant formula have very good performance on the compatibility, the thermal stability and phase behaviour tests. However it is still not good result on filtration. The best surfactant formula a found to be 0.2 PV of surfactant solution injected.
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Judul: Kajian kinerja Surfaktan Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) untuk aplikasi enhanced water flooding.
Abstrak: Meanwhile, the demand of national oil is increasing annually more than domestic production. Consequently, Indonesian government has already spent much money to solve is problem. Oil field condition is the main factor of decreasing oil production in Indonesia . Almost of the all oil fields in Indonesia are brown fields that only have been produced in the primary stage. Therefore, we have to do EOR methods to increase oil field production in Indonesia. One of EOR methods is chemical flooding using surfactant. Commonly, we used petroleum surfactant for chemical flooding. However, the petroleum surfactant has some disadvantages than plant-based surfactants. Petroleum surfactant does not resist to high salinity and high hardness. This study, we use alkyl polyglycoside surfactant that is extracted from fatty alcohol and starches to substitute the petroleum based surfactant. In investigating APG surfactant performance and knowing the best formula APG surfactant for enhanced water flooding, synthetic core, and crude oil are used for flooding tests. The result shows that the APG surfactant formula have very good performance on the compatibility, the thermal stability and phase behaviour tests. However it is still not good result on filtration. The best surfactant formula a found to be 0.2 PV of surfactant solution injected.
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Judul: Beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi ruang dada kancil
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan 10 ekor kancil dewasa jantan dan betina dengan tujuan untuk menge- tahui beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi di dalam ruang dada, meliputi jantung, pembuluh darah yang keluar dan ma- suk jantung serta ukuran-ukuran jantung. Kancil merupakan ruminansia terkecil di dunia, hidup di daerah tropika India, Thailand, Malaysia dan Indonesia bagian barat. Hewan ini dilindungi dan mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk hewan penelitian maupun dibudidayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat jantung rаta-rata adalah 0.69% dari berat rata-rata kancil. Dan ini mirip pada jantung kuda dan anjing. Bentuk jantung lonjong seperti halnya ruminansia. Demikian pula letaknya di dalam ruang dada seperti pada ruminansia dengan adanya Ligamentum sternopericardiacum. Di dalam ventrikel kanan membersit sebuah Musculus (M.) papillaris dari dindingnya dan tiga sampai empat Musculi (Mm.) papillares dari Septum interventriculare. Hanya dua buah Mm. papillares yang berukuran besar dibersitkan dari dinding ventrikel kiri. Percabangan Arteri (A.) coronaria sinistra lebih dominan dari pada A. coronaria dextra. Sedangkan A. sub clavia sinistra dicabangkan langsung dari aorta di dorso- caudal pembersitan Truncus (Tr.) brachiocephalicus…
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