Judul: Calculating Joint Life Insurance Premiums and Benefit Reserves Using the Gamma-Gompertz Law of Mortality
Abstrak: Cadangan manfaat kotor diperlukan untuk membayarkan manfaat yang mungkin terjadi di masa depan sebagai imbalan premi kotor yang telah dibayarkan pemegang polis setiap awal tahun ketika kedua peserta asuransi masih hidup. Hukum mortalitas Gamma-Gompertz digunakan untuk model-model asuransi jiwa joint life. Perusahaan asuransi tidak hanya membayarkan manfaat melainkan ada biaya-biaya operasional, seperti biaya administrasi, biaya underwriting, dan komisi agen. Pada karya ilmiah ini, difokuskan pada penghitungan premi kotor dan cadangan manfaat kotor dengan metode prospektif pada asuransi jiwa joint life seumur hidup dan berjangka menggunakan hukum mortalitas Gamma-Gompertz. Semakin tua usia para peserta ketika mengikuti asuransi, semakin besar premi kotor yang dibayarkan. Semakin singkat jangka waktu mengikuti asuransi maka semakin kecil premi kotor yang dibayarkan. Apabila cadangan manfaat bernilai positif, maka perusahaan asuransi wajib menyiapkan dana sebesar nilai cadangan di akhir tahun tersebut, sedangkan apabila cadangan manfaat bernilai negatif, maka premi yang diterima dapat dijadikan sebagai aset perusahaan yang nantinya dapat dimanfaatkan ketika premi tidak mencukupi untuk membayarkan manfaat., The gross benefit reserve is required to pay benefits that may occur in the future in exchange for the gross premiums that have been paid by policyholders at the beginning of each year when both insurance participants are still alive. The Gamma-Gompertz law of mortality is used for joint life insurance models. Insurance companies do not only pay benefits, but there are also operational costs, such as administrative costs, underwriting costs, and agent commissions. In this paper, the focus is on calculating gross premiums and gross benefit reserves with the prospective method for whole life and term joint life insurance using the Gamma-Gompertz mortality law. The older the participants were when joining the insurance, the greater the gross premium paid. The shorter the period of joining the insurance, the smaller the gross premium paid. If the benefit reserve is positive, then the insurance company must prepare funds equal to the reserve value at the end of the year, while if the benefit reserve is negative, then the premium received can be used as company assets which can later be used when the premium is insufficient to pay the benefits.
Keyword: Gamma-Gompertz mortality law, gross benefit reserve, gross premium, joint life insurance, prospective method

Judul: Calculation of Premium and Benefit Reserves in Lifetime Joint Life Insurance with the New Jersey Method
Abstrak: Asuransi joint life seumur hidup merupakan model asuransi jiwa gabungan yang memberikan perlindungan atas risiko kematian pada dua orang atau lebih dalam satu polis. Perusahaan asuransi akan memberikan santunan ketika salah satu peserta meninggal, namun peserta asuransi memiliki kewajiban membayar premi selama masa hidupnya. Demi mencegah terjadi kegagalan membayar santunan di masa depan, perusahaan asuransi perlu melakukan penghitungan premi dan cadangan manfaat setiap tahun secara cermat. Karya ilmiah ini membahas penghitungan premi dengan prinsip kesetaraan dan cadangan manfaat pada asuransi joint life seumur hidup dengan metode New Jersey. Perbandingan dengan cadangan manfaat prospektif menunjukkan keefektifan cadangan manfaat dari metode New Jersey karena dapat menutupi kekurangan biaya di tahun awal polis asuransi., Lifetime joint life insurance is a multiple lifetime insurance which gives death risk protection for two or more people in one policy. The insurance company will give benefit after the first participant dies, but the insurance participants have to pay the premium insurance during their lifetime. In order to prevent failure to pay compensation in the future, insurance company must calculate the premiums and annual benefit reserves carefully. This paper discusses how to calculate premiums using the equality principle and benefit reserves in lifetime joint life insurance with the New Jersey method. Comparison with the prospective benefit reserves shows the effectiveness of the New Jersey method due to its capability to cover up the shortfall in the initial year of the insurance policy.
Keyword: benefit reserves, joint life insurance, New Jersey method, premium, prospective method

Judul: Cloning Trehalose Synthase Gene And Its Expression In Arabidopsis thaliana
Abstrak: Trehalose is a well known as biological stabilizer functioning as stress protecting agent. It is ubiquitously found in bacteria, fungi, invertebrates, and certain desert-adapted resurrection plants such as Selaginella. In most flowering plants, trehalose is synthesized in amounts nearing the detection limit. Gene(s) encoding trehalose-metabolizing enzymes from E.coli, trehalose synthase and trehalose phosphate phosphatase (OtsA and or OtsB) and the same gene from yeast (TPS1 and or TPP) have been introduced to plants and increased stresses resistance, yet resulted in phenotypic defect, due to accumulation of its intermediate product, trehalose-6-phosphate (T6P). T6P increases along with the increase of trehalose level. This research was aimed to find out if introducing trehalose synthase gene (TreS) which does not produce T6P which prevent phenotypic defect resulted from trehalose accumulation, and whether the presence of TreS in plant improves plant resistance to stresses. The use of TreS as an alternative among non toxic selectable markers was also assessed. For this reason, genes encoding trehalose synthase originated from Thermobifida fusca (TfTreS) and originated from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtTreS) had been cloned into plant expression vector (pBIN1935S). TfTreS was isolated from T. fusca using PCR and was inserted to pGemT for sequencing. DNA sequent analysis of the 2 clones, TfTreS within pGemT were identical to the published data yet several silent point mutations occured. TfTreS from these clones were inserted into pBIN19 with CaMV35S promoter. It has been successfully transferred to Arabidopsis thaliana via Agrobacterium mediated transformation. MtTreS readily available in pBlunt TOPO II, was exiced from the plasmid and was inserted to pBin1935S, and transferred to Arabidopsis in the same manner, but it has not been successfully transferred to the plant.
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