Judul: pembangunan perkebunan kelapa sawit serta dampaknya terhadap pelapisan sosial dan strategi nafkah: kasus dua desa sawah etnis serawai dan jawa di kabupaten seluma propinsi Bengkulu
Abstrak: Estate small landholders of palm oil were developed with converting of wetland area. The characteristics of this crops affect to production organizing that may be different from wetland, This research was aimed to study conversion of wetland area into palm oil estate to study palm oil estate profile of farmers, and to analyze its impacts on the social stratification and livelihood strategies. This march used survey method in combination with in-depth interviews that conducted at two villages with different ethnicity The finding of this research shows that land conversion have done in order to recovery household economy. In this context, land conversion were resulted by the interaction among the farmers with the labors of palm oil company (PT AA), migrants of Batak's ethliic, and officers of Plantation Affair. Palm oil estate profile of farmers were most influenced by wetland area which were owned when its not converted yet. Palm oil productions o f farmers were production entity of oil pahn industry. Estate production structure of farmers were met the massive business organisation of sellers who have been partners of palm oil factories. The emerging social structure change was indicated by social mobility of some social strata. Social mobility was affected by land selling activities and availability of opportunities to work and enterpreneur in the off farm and non farm sectors. Employment alteration being estate farmer has affect to income source of household depend on their estate. The fanners of low and middle strata have to diversifjl their income source in order to survival (survival strategy), while the farmers of upper stratum have to specify in order to accumulation their wealth (strategy of wealfh accumulation).
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Judul: A Study of Oil Palm Plantation in Sukabumi Regency: Land Suitability and Socio-Economic Approach
Abstrak: The increase of the world oil palm demand, encourage Indonesia to develop oilm palm industry both of expansion and conversion. Commodity crop conversion can be interpreted as a change in the cropping system from one crop commodity to another. As happened in Sukabumi Regency, West Java, commodity crops have been converted from rubber and tea to oil palm on state-owned plantation land. This research analyzes land suitability and consistency, social conditions, and the standard of living of oil palm plantation workers in the Sukabumi Regency. The data used in this study are primary data and secondary data. The method used is the visual interpretation of satellite imagery, overlay, table matching using ArcGIS, and different tests using SPSS software from the results of interviews with respondents using a questionnaire. The results show that the percentage of land area converted to commodity crops from rubber and tea to oil palm continued to be massive from 2002 to 2020. The conversion was made because the selling price of the previous commodity continued to fall. The land suitability level of state-owned oil palm plantations in Sukabumi Regency is dominated by category S3. 95% of oil palm plantations in Sukabumi Regency are following the 2011-2032 Sukabumi Regency spatial planning. The conversion of commodity crops from rubber and tea to palm oil has a positive impact on improving the social conditions and the standard of living of oil palm plantation workers. The eight recommendations are prepared based on an analysis of land suitability and consistency of land use with spatial plans. Other recommendations given are based on the social conditions and standard of living of plantation workers. It is hoped that this will form an independent local workers' association to increase the gaining power to demand justice, rights and proper welfare for workers and their families. In addition, the existence of associations can also mutually control the performance of workers in carrying out their obligations.
Keyword: Commodity crop conversion, land suitability, land consistency, social conditions, standard of living

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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