Judul: Pengembangan Model Codebook untuk Identifikasi Chord Gitar
Abstrak: Acoustic guitar can produce sound waves with different types of tones. High-low tone is determined by the fundamental frequency of the sound wave. Human sense of hearing can distinguish high-and low tones, but can not know for sure what kind of tone is heard by him. This study developed a guitar chord recognition system. This study uses MFCC as feature extraction methods and the codebook as pattern recognition method for identification of the guitar chord. Cluster technique used in this study is the K-means clustering. Data obtained from MFCC are clustered using the K-Means method, and the model for classification is constructed using the codebook method. The parameters used in MFCC is the number of cepstral coefficients, overlap, and the time frame, while an important parameter in the K-Means is the number of clusters. This study uses 8640 guitar chord sounds from 24 classes. Each of the data is made up of two chords which will be tested. Simulation results show that the maximum accuracy obtained is 98.89% obtained on 26 cepstral coefficients, overlap 0.4, time frame is 30 ms, on 100 clusters.
Keyword: chord, codebook, k-means, mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC)

Judul: Pengenalan Chord pada Alat Musik Gitar Menggunakan Codebook dengan Teknik Ekstraksi Ciri MFCC
Abstrak: Human auditory system is capable of extracting rich and meaningful data from complex audio signal. To recognize chord sequences that played in some kind of music is not an easy task. People need big effort to train their sense of hearing so they can recognize that kind sound of chords. This condition is also valid in a computer system. Finding the key and labeling the chords automatically from music are great use for those who want to do harmonic analysis of music. Hence automatic chord recognition has been a topic of interest in the context of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) for several years, and attempts have been made in implementing such systems using well understood signal processing and pattern recognition techniques. This research is about to recognize the sound of chord that played and recorded by guitar instrument. There are 24 major-minor chords that used in this research. MFCC is used as feature extraction and the number of coefficient cepstral that used are 13 and 26. Each chord signal that has been extracted then clustered using K-means algorithm with 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 k numbers to create codebook that use as a model of each chord. For the recognition process, there are two methods that used in this research, unstructured recognition and structured recognition. For the result, this research produces two kinds model of codebook that are codebook with 13 coefficients and codebook with 26 coefficients. Both types of codebook show a good result with accuracy level above 88%. The best result yielded from usage of 26 coefficient cepstral with structured recognition. It’s accuracy level reach 97%. Hence the usage of 26 coefficient cepstral is better than the usage of 13 coefficient cepstral with difference of accuration level is about 7%. This research also shows the affectation of the numbers k-means that used. An increasing accuration level shown by increasing the amount of k-cluster.
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Judul: Diare pada anak sapi akibat infeksi oleh bovine parvovirus
Abstrak: Bovine Parvovirus adalah virus yang sangat stabil dan tahan terhadap pengaruh lingkungan. Oleh karena itu faktor lingkungan dan hygiene yang buruk adalah potensial untuk timbulnya penyakit karena memudahkan kontak antara virus dan hospes. Perkembangan breeding pada suatu peternakan sapi yang tertutup makin menambah generasi ternak yang peka. Infeksi oleh BPV ini akan menyebabkan suatu gejala diare. Anak sapi yang mengalami persembuhan dari infeksi oleh BPV dengan gejala diare akan mengalami yang terhambat dan kurang baik. pertumbuhan BPV ini mempunyai tempat predileksi pada crypta usus sehingga sel-sel crypta usus akan mengalami aplasia dan tidak dapat menggantikan epitel villi. Secara mikrosko pik akan terlihat epitel yang erosi pada villi, sel epitel crypta yang nekrosa dan desquamasi, jaringan lymphoid yang nekrosa dan Intranuclea: Inclusion Body. Kematian oleh kasus diare akibat dari tubuh yang kehilangan cairan dan elektrolit. Oleh karena itu untuk kasus diare ini digunakan therapi pengganti cairan tubuh yang hilang, pemberian Antibiotika serta obat pelindung terhadap selaput lendir usus. Usaha pencegahan dilakukan dengan beberapa jalan a.l: pemberian colostrum sesegera mungkin terhadap sapi neonatal secara alamiah atau manual dan vaksinasi terhadap induk sapi betina yang bunting secara per oral. Mengingat sifat-sifat BPV yang sangat stabil dan infeksius maka bukan tidak mungkin di Indonesia sudah terdapat sapi-sapi yang terinfeksi oleh BPV terutama sapi-sapi yang berasal dari luar negeri, walaupun kejadiannya belum pernah ada yang melaporkan.
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