Judul: Clustering composition of medical herbs using K-means algorithm
Abstrak: Jamu adalah obat tradisional berbahan alami. Jamu merupakan warisan budaya Indonesia yang dipercaya bermanfaat untuk kesehatan. Dalam perkembangannya telah dilakukan penelitian tentang hubungan antara komposisi dan khasiat jamu yang memiliki aktivitas farmakologi tertentu. Namun, dalam perkembangannya hubungan khasiat jamu dengan komposisi yang terkandung di dalamnya menjadi topik yang menarik untuk dikembangkan. Clustering adalah salah satu metode pengelompokan sejumlah obyek berdasarkan ciri atau atribut tertentu ke dalam sejumlah kelompok (cluster). Metode ini digunakan untuk mengelompokkan tanaman herbal penyusun jamu untuk dianalisa hubungan antara khasiat dengan komposisi jamu menggunakan algoritme K-means. Tanaman jamu yang dikelompokkan memiliki khasiat yang sama dengan efikasi yang dominan pada kelompoknya., Jamu is a traditional medicine that made from natural ingredients. Jamu is Indonesian national heritage that believed to be useful for health. In the development of the research has been done, found the relationship between the composition and efficacy of herbs that have specific pharmacological activity. However, the efficacy of herbal medicine development relationship with the composition becomes an interesting topic to be developed. Clustering is one of method to grouping a number of objects based on certain characteristics or attributes into a number of groups (clusters). This method is used to classify the ingredients of herbs that used to compose jamu and analyze relationship between efficacy and composition of jamu using k-means algorithm. Herbs are classified as having the same efficacy of the dominant group. Keywords: Clustering, Herbal Medicine, Herbs, K-means
Keyword: Clustering, Jamu, K-means, Tanaman Herbal

Judul: Herb network construction for uncovering the combination rule of jamu formulae
Abstrak: Jamu merupakan sebutan untuk obat tradisional buatan Indonesia. Jamu dibuat berdasarkan pengalaman. Akan tetapi, meskipun berdasarkan pengalaman, jamu diyakini memiliki pola keteraturan antar tanaman sehingga apabila dikombinasikan dengan tanaman lain akan menghasilkan khasiat tertentu. Salah satu analisis untuk menentukan pola keteraturan antar tanaman adalah analisis jaringan dengan menggunakan distance-based mutual information model (DMIM) dan ukuran kedekatan Jaccard. Akan tetapi, metode DMIM memiliki kriteria yaitu data yang digunakan merupakan data urutan kepentingan tanaman dalam formula dan minimal ada satu formula yang menggunakan pasangan tanaman secara bersama-sama. Pada penelitian ini, data formula jamu yang digunakan tidak memenuhi kriteria tersebut sehingga perlu dilakukan modifikasi terhadap metode DMIM tersebut. Penerapan metode DMIM modifikasi untuk data formula jamu yang digunakan menghasilkan pasangan tanaman yang sama dengan metode Jaccard. Hasil analisis jaringan berdasarkan nilai Jaccard menghasilkan 8241 pasangan tanaman dan 60 gerombol. Setiap gerombol mencirikan sembilan kelompok khasiat tertentu. Kata Kunci: analisis jaringan, distance-based mutual information model (DMIM), gerombol, Jaccard., Jamu is a term for traditional medicines made in Indonesia. Jamu made based on experience. However, although based on experience, jamu believed to have a pattern of regularity between plants so if its combined will produce a certain efficacy. One of the analysis to determine the pattern of regularity between plants is network analysis based on distance-based mutual information model (DMIM) and Jaccard Similarity. But, DMIM method has criteria such as the data used is about sequence of plants and herb pairs should be used together at least in one formula. In this study, data of jamu formulae does not fulfil the criteria so it necessary to modify DMIM method. Application of DMIM method for data of jamu formulae produce the number of same herb pairs with Jaccard method. The results of network analysis based on Jaccard value produce 8241 herb pairs and 60 clusters. Each cluster has characteristics depend on nine certain efficacy. Key words : cluster, distance-based mutual information model (DMIM), Jaccard, network analysis.
Keyword: analisis jaringan, distance-based mutual information model (DMIM), gerombol, Jaccard

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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