Judul: Effect of Organic Selenium on Production Performance  and Immune Response of White Leg Shrimp Infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Udang vaname merupakan produk utama budidaya perikanan dan juga berisiko terserang penyakit AHPND (Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Diseases) yang disebabkan oleh Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Salah satu alternatif untuk mencegah infeksi bakteri yaitu dengan menggunakan selenium organik. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pengaruh selenium organik dengan dosis berbeda melalui pakan terhadap kinerja produksi dan respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Udang yang digunakan memiliki bobot awal 5,64±0,18 g yang dipelihara selama 30 hari dan diuji tantang dengan V. parahaemolyticus dengan dosis 105 CFU/ekor pada hari ke-31 setelah diberikan pakan uji coba, kemudian mortalitas diamati selama tujuh hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu 2, 6, 12, 18 mg/kg pakan, dan kontrol tanpa selenium organik. Pemberian selenium organik mampu meningkatkan kinerja produksi dan respons imun udang terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus. Dosis terbaik diperoleh pada 2 mg/kg pakan yang mampu meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan harian, laju pertumbuhan spesifik, rasio konversi pakan, dan melindungi udang terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus., Pacific white leg shrimp is the main product of aquaculture and is also at risk of AHPND (Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Diseases) caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus. One alternative to prevent bacterial infection is to use organic selenium. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effect of organic selenium with different doses through feed on the production performance and immune response of shrimp infected with V. parahaemolyticus. The shrimp used had an initial weight of 5.64±0.18 g which was reared for 30 days and challenged by injection of V. parahaemolyticus at a dose of 105 CFU/shrimp on day 31st after given feed trials, then the mortality was monitored during seven days. The treatment given was 2, 6, 12, 18 mg/kg feed, respectively, and control without selenium organic. Administration of organic selenium was able to increase production performance and immune response of shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection. The best dose was obtained at 2 mg/kg feed which was able to increase the daily growth rate, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and protect shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection.
Keyword: Bacteria, growth, immune, organic selenium, white leg shrimp

Judul: Pengaruh Arang Aktif terhadap Kinerja Produksi dan Respons Imun Udang Vaname yang Diinfeksi Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Abstrak: Vibrio parahaemolyticus merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyerang udang vaname dan menyebabkan penyakit Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) atau Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS) pada udang. Alternatif untuk melakukan pencegahan dan penanganan infeksi bakteri pada udang yaitu dengan arang aktif. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian arang aktif dengan dosis berbeda melalui pakan terhadap kinerja produksi dan respons imun udang vaname yang diinfeksi bakteri V. parahaemolyticus. Udang vaname berukuran 6,04 ± 0,13 gram per ekor dipelihara dengan kepadatan awal 50 ekor untuk setiap bak pemeliharaan, kemudian diberi pakan komersial yang telah dicampur dengan arang aktif selama 14 hari pemeliharaan. Uji tantang dilakukan dengan diinfeksi V. parahaemolyticus konsentrasi 107 CFU mL-1 setelah diberi perlakuan selama 14 hari. Kelangsungan hidup diamati selama 14 hari. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu perlakuan Kontrol (+) (pakan tanpa arang aktif dan diuji tantang V. parahaemolyticus), Kontrol (-) (pakan tanpa arang aktif dan diimersi phosphate buffer saline), pakan dengan arang aktif 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 dan diuji tantang V. parahaemolyticus. Pemberian arang aktif dengan dosis 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg- 1; 3 g kg-1 pakan mampu meningkatkan proteksi udang terhadap infeksi V. parahaemolyticus dan menunjukkan respons imun serta gambaran histopatologi organ usus udang yang lebih baik. Perlakuan 2 g kg-1 pakan memberikan nilai kinerja pertumbuhan udang yang terbaik., Vibrio parahaemolyticus is a bacterium that attacks white shrimp causing Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) or Early Mortality Syndrome (EMS). An alternative to prevent and treat bacterial infections in shrimp is activated charcoal. The aim of the study was to analyze the effect of giving activated charcoal with different doses through feed on the production performance and immune response of vaname shrimp infected by V. parahaemolyticus bacteria. Vannamei shrimp measuring 6.04 ± 0.13 grams per head was reared with an initial density of 50 fish for each rearing tank. The shrimp was fed with commercial feed mixed with activated charcoal for 14 days of rearing. The challenge test was carried out by being infected with V. parahaemolyticus at a consentrasion of 107 CFU mL-1 after being treated for 14 days. Survival was observed for 14 days. This study consisted of five treatments and three replications, namely control (+) treatment (feed without activated charcoal and tested against V. parahaemolyticus), control (-) (feed without activated charcoal and phosphate buffered saline immersion), feed with activated charcoal 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 and tested against V. parahaemolyticus. The result showed that addition of activated charcoal with doses 1 g kg-1; 2 g kg-1; 3 g kg-1 of feed was able to increase the protection of shrimp against V. parahaemolyticus infection and showed a better immune response and histopathological picture of shrimp intestinal organs. Treatment of 2 g kg-1 feed gave the best value for shrimp growth performance.
Keyword: activated charcoal, bacteria, growth, immune, white leg shrimp

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology