Judul: Toxicity of heavy metal’s lead (Pb) and its effects on oxygen consumption and hematological response of juvenile tiger grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus)
Abstrak: Lead (Pb) is a toxic and dangerous heavy metal, most found as contaminants and tend to interfere the survival of aquatic organisms. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of lead toxicity at various concentrations to the level of oxygen consumption, blood glucose level, hematological response (hematocrit, hemoglobin, number of erythrocyte and leukocytes), survival and growth of tiger grouper fish. This study was conducted in the two stages, those are: acute and sub–chronic test. The results showed that the impact of lead toxicity in juvenile tiger grouper fish would reduce the level of oxygen consumption, hematocrit, hemoglobin and the number of erythrocyte, those were equal to 0.34 mg O2/gr of body weight / hour; 9.66%; 2.64 % and 0,77x106 cells/mm3. Besides the effect of lead toxicity also increases the number of leukocytes (0,81x106 cells/mm3), blood glucose levels (90.79 mmol / liter), effect growth rate and reduce the survival rates.
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Judul: Acute Toxicity Test (LC 50-96 Hours) Heavy Metal Copper (Cu) Lead to Tiger Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Post larvae
Abstrak: Cemaran logam berat menyebabkan toksisitas pada hewan dan mempengaruhi kesehatan bagi manusia yang mengkonsumsinya. Logam tembaga (Cu) sangat dibutuhkan oleh organisme tetapi hanya dalam jumlah sedikit. Tujuan penelitian ini mendapatkan nilai uji toksisitas akut (LC 50-96 jam) logam berat tembaga terhadap benur udang windu (Penaeus monodon) dengan pendekatan metode eksperimen. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu eksperimen yang mengacu pada short-term bioassay. Konsentrasi tembaga yang digunakan sebagai perlakuan adalah kontrol (0); 0,32; 0,56; 1; 1,8; dan 3,2 mg L-1. Percobaan dilakukan dengan lima perlakuan konsentrasi beserta kontrol. Sebanyak 30 ekor hewan uji dimasukkan ke dalam satu wadah uji. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingginya konsentrasi tembaga berbanding lurus dengan mortalitas benur udang windu. Nilai LC50-96 jam logam berat tembaga pada benur udang windu (Penaeus monodon) adalah 3,2940 mg L-1. Berdasarkan nilai LC50-96 jam yang diperoleh, tembaga merupakan logam berat esensial namun dapat bersifat toksik bagi benur udang windu., Heavy metal contamination causes toxicity in animals and affects the health of humans who consume it. Copper metal (Cu) is needed by organisms but only in small quantities. This study aimed to obtain acute toxicity test scores (LC50-96 hours) of heavy metals copper lead to tiger shrimp larvae (Penaeus monodon) with an experimental method approach. The method used in this study is an experiment that refers to short-term bioassay. The concentration of copper used as a treatment is control (0); 0,32; 0,56; 1; 1,8; and 3.2 mg L-1. The experiment was conducted with five concentration treatments along with controls. A total of 30 test animals were put into one test vessel. The results showed that the high concentration of copper was directly proportional to the mortality of tiger shrimp larvae. LC50-96 hours value of copper heavy metals in tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is 3,9240 mg L-1. Based on the LC50-96 hours value obtained, copper is an essential heavy metal but can be toxic for tiger shrimp larvae.
Keyword: Acute toxicity, copper, tiger shrimp

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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