Judul: The Effect of Gibberellin and Potassium Permanganate on  The Physical and Chemical Quality of Fresh Fruit Bunches of Palm Oil (Elaeis  guineensis Jacq.)
Abstrak: Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is crude palm oil obtained from extraction. The quality of CPO is influenced by the quality of the oil palm fruit, cultivation activities to postharvest handling, and the waiting period for fruit processing which results in physical damage to the fruit on the fresh fruit bunches (FFB). The waiting period for processing must be appropriate so that damage is minimized by using gibberellins (GA3) and potassium permanganate (KMnO4). The purpose of this study were: 1) to explain the effect of GA3 and KMnO4 on maintaining the physical and chemical quality of fresh fruit bunches of oil palm, 2) to obtain concentrations that can maintain the physical and chemical quality fresh fruit bunches of oil palm, 3) to determine the relationship between the observed variables. The FFB samples were taken from the IPB Cargill Oil Palm Education and Research Plantation. This study was divided into two trials using a randomized complate block design (RCBD). The first experiment used GA3 concentration consisting of 4 levels: 0 ppm, 12.5 ppm, 25 ppm, and 37.5 ppm. The second experiment used KMnO4 concentrations of 4 levels: 0 ppm, 0,025 %, 0,050 %, and 0,075 %. Data were analyzed with analysis of variance (ANOVA), then tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) 5%. In addition, the data between the observed variables were analyzed with Pearson's correlation. The results of this study indicate that the application of GA3 and KMnO4 can maintain the physical and chemical quality of oil palm FFB so that the shelf life of FFB and the resulting quality are optimal. GA3 concentration of 12.5 ppm was the best concentration, suppressing fruit loss, fruit respiration rate, fruit mesocarp water content, and fruit mesocarp softness for 6 HSA. In addition, it can also suppress the increase in free fatty acid content up to 5 HSA. GA3 application variables that have a relationship are fruit mesocarp softness, fruit respiration rate, mesocarp moisture content, and FFA content. KMnO4 concentrations of 0.050% and 0.075% were the best in suppressing fresh fruit bunch weight loss, fruit loss, fruit respiration rate, fruit mesocarp water content, fruit mesocarp temperature, and fruit mesocarp softness for 6 HSA. In addition, it can also suppress the increase in FFA content up to 5 HSA. KMnO4 concentration of 0.025% is the best concentration to reduce the decrease in oil content up to 3 HSA. KMnO4 application variables that have a relationship are fresh fruit bunch weight loss, fruit mesocarp softness, fruit respiration rate, fruit mesocarp temperature, mesocarp water content, FFA content, number of bacteria, and number of fungi. The relationship between variables is positive or unidirectional, except for fruit mesocarp temperature.
Keyword: crude palm oil, gibberellin, potassium permanganate, fresh fruit  bunches

Judul: Pengaruh Giberelin (GA3) terhadap Mutu Fisik
Tandan Buah Segar Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.)
Abstrak: Kerusakan fisik buah berpengaruh pada kualitas Crude Palem Oil (CPO) kelapa sawit. Giberelin (GA3) dikenal sebagai hormon pertumbuhan yang mampu memperpanjang sel dan banyak digunakan dalam mempertahankan umur simpan beberapa jenis buah-buahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh konsentrasi giberelin, waktu aplikasi, dan interaksi keduanya terhadap mutu fisik tandan buah segar kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Pendidikan dan Penelitian Kelapa Sawit IPB-Cargill Jonggol, Bogor dan Laboratorium Pascapanen Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura pada bulan Januari – Februari 2017. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Faktorial dalam Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dua faktor dengan tiga ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah waktu aplikasi (sebelum dan sesudah panen). Faktor kedua adalah konsentrasi giberelin (0 ppm, 25 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, dan 200 ppm). Pemberian 25 ppm giberelin setelah dipanen dapat menurunkan laju respirasi, susut bobot buah, kerontokan buah, dan kelunakan mesokarp buah
Keyword: hormon, kualitas, pascapanen, susut bobot buah

Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik