Judul: Membran Elektrolit Polistirena Tersulfonasi Untuk Aplikasi Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Dengan Pewarna Acid Blue 80
Abstrak: Polimer membran elektrolit adalah polimer yang mampu menghantarkan elektron karena memiliki gugus elektrofilik atau hidrofilik, seperti gugus sulfonat. Polistirena tersulfonasi (PSS) disintesis dari polistirena (PS) yang direaksikan dengan asam sulfat berasap selama + 2 jam. Derajat sulfonasi (DS) yang didapatkan adalah 31.41% dan produk ini dicirikan dengan fourier transforminfrared menunjukkan serapan dari gugus sulfonat pada 1070.40, 1122.57, dan 1277.5 cm-1. Pewarna yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah acid blue 80 (AB80) yang dikonfirmasi dengan spektrum UV-Vis, menunjukkan serapan maksimum pada panjang gelombang 581.6 dan 625.6 nm. Semikonduktor yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah titanium dioksida (TiO2) Hasil efisiensi dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) rangkaian adalah TiO2 0.06%, TiO2/PS 0.01%, dan TiO2/PSS 0.11%. PSS berpotensi untuk dijadikan membran elektrolit pada DSSC dengan meningkatnya efisiensi dibandingkan TiO2 saja ataupun TiO2/PS. Akan tetapi, DSSC yang dihasilkan masih memperlihatkan kinerja yang rendah (< 1%).
Keyword: acid blue 80, DSSC, membran elektrolit, polistirena tersulfonasi

Judul: Membran Elektrolit Polistirena Tersulfonasi Untuk Dye- Sensitized Solar Cell
Abstrak: Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell (DSSC) adalah suatu alat yang mampu mengubah energi matahari menjadi energi listrik yang terdiri atas 4 komponen, yaitu elektrode kerja, pewarna sebagai fotosensitizer, membran elektrolit, dan elektrode lawan. Penelitian ini menentukan pengaruh tambahan elektrolit cair, membran elektrolit polistirena, dan membran elektrolit polistirena tersulfonasi dengan menggunakan pewarna alami yaitu ekstrak kulit manggis pada kinerja DSSC. Pewarna ekstrak kulit manggis yang dicirikan menggunakan UV-Vis menunjukkan absorpsi paling besar pada panjang gelombang 522 nm. Polistirena dapat dikatakan tersulfonasi sebagaimana ditunjukkan oleh nilai derajat sulfonasi, yaitu 31.41%. Sepektrum inframerah transformasi Fourier dari membran menunjukkan serapan gugus -SO3 pada 1028.06 cm-1. Rangkaian DSSC dengan tambahan membran elektrolit polistirena tersulfonasi menghasilkan nilai efisiensi tertinggi 9.7475 10-3%. Hal ini menunjukkan membran polistirena tersulfonasi dapat menjadi membran elektrolit untuk DSSC.
Keyword: kulit manggis, membran elektrolit, polistirena tersulfonasi, DSSC

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates