Judul: Morfogenetik Didemnum sp. (Tunicata, Ascidiacea) di Terumbu Karang Raja Ampat
Abstrak: Raja Ampat terletak di jantung pusat segitiga karang dunia (Coral Triangle) dan merupakan pusat keanekaragaman hayati laut tropis terkaya di dunia saat ini. Raja Ampat memiliki konsentrasi karang keras dan jenis ikan laut terbanyak di dunia karenanya menjadi sebuah prioritas bagi konservasi keanekaragaman hayati laut. Lebih dari 90% penduduk Raja Ampat hidup di daerah pesisir dan bergantung pada sumberdaya laut untuk makanan dan mata pencaharian. Kekayaan alam laut Raja Ampat juga telah menjadi daya tarik bagi wisatawan lokal maupun mancanegara sehingga meningkatkan taraf ekonomi penduduk di Raja Ampat. Meningkatnya jumlah penduduk, wisatawan, kapal dan infrastuktur setiap tahunnya, menjadikan ekosistem laut di Raja Ampat khususnya ekosistem terumbu karang yang melimpah tersebut, kini semakin mendapat banyak ancaman. Globalisasi dan meningkatnya perdagangan dunia, wisata perjalanan dan transportasi di seluruh dunia telah mempercepat laju masuknya spesies asing dan invasif melalui jalur pelayaran, kegiatan budidaya perairan, dan perdagangan jenis biota laut. Koloni dari kelas ascidiacea atau dikenal juga dengan sea squirt subfilum tunicata dari genus Didemnum terdiri atas banyak spesies, dan diantaranya dilaporkan sebagai spesies asing atau invasif di banyak negara. Pada penelitian ini kami mengamati kehadiran dari koloni tunicata genus Didemnum menutupi terumbu karang yang berlokasi di Raja Ampat. Identifikasi morfologi berupa zooids, larva dan spikula dapat digunakan untuk membedakan ascidiacea bahkan sampai ke tingkat spesies. Identifikasi kelompok taksa ini telah berhasil menggunakan teknik yang lebih mudah dan cepat yaitu dengan menggunakan identifikasi molekuler. Hasil penelitian identifikasi spikula menunjukkan spesies berasal dari genus Didemnum dengan ciri spikula berbentuk bintang, rentang ukuran 20-30 μm, memiliki 9-11 bagian yang meruncing. Pencocokan basa terdekat menggunakan NCBI BLAST menunjukkan urutan basa paling dekat dengan genus Didemnum (kemiripan 89 - 91%). Terdapat 11 haplotype dari 22 sampel yang berhasil diamplifikasi hal ini menunjukkan keragaman haplotype tinggi. Tingginya keragaman haplotype mengindikasikan bahwa spesies ini adalah spesies native di Raja Ampat. Penelitian ini merupakan catatan baru di Kawasan Konservasi Laut Daerah (KKLD) Raja Ampat. Kami berharap dengan adanya penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan fokus penelitian khususnya pada spesies asing dan invasif di Raja Ampat dan memotivasi penelitian lebih lanjut di Indonesia.
Keyword: COI, Didemnum, DNA barcoding, invasif, native, Raja Ampat

Judul: Struktur Komunitas Invertebrata Laut di Kolom dan Sedimen  dengan Menggunakan Teknik Environmental DNA (eDNA) Metabarcoding  di Kawasan Terumbu Karang Raja Ampat
Abstrak: Invertebrate biodiversity monitoring activities carried out conventionally using direct fishing techniques and identification will be difficult, costly, time-consuming and can cause damage to the environment and communities. Previous studies related to biodiversity surveys of benthic invertebrate larvae have been carried out conventionally but it is difficult to identify them at the species level and only at the genus or family level. Environmental DNA (eDNA) is a molecular biology technique that has developed rapidly because this technique has been successfully applied as a survey method for new aquatic organisms in aquatic ecosystem research and biomonitoring programs and management on a large scale. This study aims to determine the structure community using the eDNA metabarcoding technique by comparing the water and sediment columns at the protected reefs of Raja Ampat, Indonesia. A total of 66 eDNA samples was collected from water and sediment columns. The sample extraction process was carried out using a protocol from the commercial Kit NucleoSpinTM Macherey-Nagel and followed by a PCR process using universal eukaryote primers targeting the 18S gene then sequencing using the Illumina Miseq technique. The order of the taxonomy is done using QIIME2 software and the SILVA database. This study succeeded in detecting 13 species of invertebrates in the water column and 9 species of sediment using NMDS statistical test with a distance matrix Bray-Curtis similarity and Andonis test showed , the number of sequence readings in the water column and sediment was not significantly different (p > 0.05). Shannon Wiener Index (H ') showed the low to moderate category (1 <H' <3), and not significant different revealed for the No-take zone, utility zone and open access zone the Kruskal-Wallis test, (p > 0.05). Simpson's (D) index ranges from 0.12 -1. SIMPER analysis on the water column of the species that has the highest percentage contribution, namely Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (34.05%) and Littorina littorea (54.21%)
Keyword: Biomonitoring, genetic conservation, Invertebrate, Raja Ampat

Judul: The Utilization of Black Rice and Black Soybeans in Preparation of Cereal Flakes as Source of Protein and Dietary Fiber for School Age Children Breakfast
Abstrak: The unavailability of time and food in the morning is most of the reason why school-age children skip their breakfast. This study aims to develop a ready-to-eat flakes product by utilizing black rice and black soybeans. This study used 4 combination of black rice and black soybeans namely F1 (80:20), F2 (60:40), F3 (40:60), and F4 (20:80). The analysis carried out in this study were organoleptic tests (hedonic and rating difference tests), nutritional content tests (proximate and dietary fiber content test), and physical characteristics tests (water absorption, rehydration time, texture, and bulk density) were tested by One Way ANOVA statistics test. The selected formula in this study was F3 with proportion 40% of black rice and 60% black soybeans based on the consideration of organoleptic, physical characteristics, and nutritional content. The nutritional content of selected formula for each servings (30 g) was 141 kcal of energy, 5,5 g of fat, 6,1 g of protein, 17 g of carbohydrates, and 3,1 g of dietary fiber. This selected formula can be claimed as protein source and high dietary fiber product that can provide 11,1-15,2% of daily protein needs and 11-13,4% of daily fiber needs for school-age children (7-12 years).
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