Judul: Land use development strategies for the rehabilitation of Gadjahmungkur reservoir subwatershed
Abstrak: A land use planning study was conducted for Upper Solo, G4jahmungkur Reservoir subwatershed to determine the best land use alternative through simulation models to obtain least erosion _rate, well distributed streamflow, increased crops productivity and improved incomes of farmers. A PC-based ARC/INFO version 3.4 D-Plus was used in the analysis and processing of the data to generate spatial simulation models of the subwatershed land use. The Univer­sal Soil Loss Equation (OSLE) was used as the basic method for all computations. The ratios of maximum and minimum discharge and runoff coefficients from 1982 until 1993 were observed to have no trend. The stream discharge and sediment load before and after 1988 were somewhat erratic. The present erosion rates ranged from 1.01 to 3,343.40 mt/ha/year in the different land mapping units, the average being 159.47 mt/ha/year or about 15.95 mm/year, higher than the tolerable soil loss (TSL) of 30.03 mt/ha/year or about 3.0 mm/year. The critical erosion areas are settlements and home gardens, unpaved roads ditches and trails. Results of the simulation models indicate land use alternative 4 as the best option. Land use alternative 4
Keyword: soil erotion, land degradation, land utilization, soil erotion, sediment transport

Judul: Studi Perencanaan Pengelolaan DAS dengan Model Optimasi Penggunaan Lahan di Bagian Hulu DAS Mahakam
Abstrak: Land use which is not in accordance with the land capability, will cause land degradation. In Indonesia, there is progressive increase of critical land area size, every year, and this exerts an impact toward watershed damage. Objectives which are sought in the planning of watershed management often negate each other because from one point of view, there is a desire to maintain natural resources sustainability, and from other (economic) point of view, there is a desire to increase farmer's income. In order to obtain a model for planning sustainable watershed management, land use optiminazation was conducted and designed using the analysis of Linear Goals Programming (L GP) The study area had the size of 29 686 ha, comprising 3 subdistricts (namely Damai, Barong Tongkok and Melak) that were situated in the district of Kutai Barat, the province of East Kalimantan. The formulation of model for land use optimization was designed to achieve four targets, namely peak discharge. reduced rate of erosion (so that it is equal with or smaller than the targeted discharge and tolerable soil loss), ability of each farmer family to fulfill the need for food and rice, and ability of on farm income to create appropriate level of welfare. Research unit was homogeneous land unit. Data source for model input came from improvement of cropping pattern and alternative agrotechnology which was conducted by using simulation of CP factor. Data processing and analysis used the method of SCS, USLE and farm analysis. On the other hand, the completion of model used software General Algebraic Modeling System (GAMS) and Arcview 3,2. Land use with existing cropping pattern gave peak discharge of 116.39 m3/seconcj, erosion between 157-876 tonlha, production of upland rice 1.52 ton GKPlhalyear, and income Rp 3 268 636,-halyear. On the other hand, optimum land use pattern from the six scenarios model, showed better results as compared with the existing condition because ecologically, the land use could maintain the stability of peak discharge, and reduce erosion to the level below the targeted value. Although scenario model la and llla (with land use composition in the form of non irrigated rice field and dry land crop field) gave better result than those of existing conditions, but the occurring erosion were still higher than those in scenario model I, 11, Ill, and IV (with land use composition in the form of non irrigated rice field, dry land crop field, and estate field). This was because the priority for achieving erosion target in scenario la and llla was only up to the tolerable rate of soil erosion. Testing of scenario model I, 11, Ill, and IV showed that there was a tendency for increasing proportion of dry land crop field area size, but on the other hand, decreasing proportion of non irrigated rice field and estate field area size, if the target of achieving living standard is continuously increased. Spatially, recommendation that could be given for /and units of non irrigated rice field, dry land crop field and estate field is in the form of cropping pattern and agrotechnology LI *, L3b* ,
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Judul: Karakteristik Protein Mioglobin dan Parvalbumin pada Ikan Tongkol Komo (Euthynnus affinis).
Abstrak: Ikan tongkol mengandung dua jenis daging, yaitu daging merah dan daging putih. Dua jenis daging memiliki kandungan mioglobin dan parvalbumin yang berbeda. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan karakteristik protein mioglobin dan parvalbumin pada daging putih dan daging merah ikan tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis). Kandungan mioglobin dianalisis secara kuantitatif menggunakan spektrofotometri, sedangkan parvalbumin diidentifikasi menggunakan Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Kandungan mioglobin daging merah lebih tinggi dibanding daging putih. Daging merah bagian tengah memiliki kandungan mioglobin tertinggi. Analisis spektrofotometri mengindikasikan bahwa jenis mioglobin yang dominan adalah metmioglobin. Proses pemanasan dapat merusak protein mioglobin. Kandungan parvalbumin ditemukan pada daging putih dan hanya terdeteksi pada bagian depan. Proses pemanasan tidak dapat merusak protein parvalbumin.
Keyword: daging merah, daging putih, metmioglobin