Judul: A flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic for detecting poverty hotspot
Abstrak: Poverty always becomes the crucial and complex problem ini developing countries. Government conducts anti poverty policies for reducing poverty. If poverty reduction is expected to succed, there must be well-founded approach and widespread support. Any approach and active participation of numerous parties will be no use if it is not supported by programs that are well planned, executed in stages and sustainable. Poverty hotspot detection is very useful to provide early stage to conduct plamming strategy for poverty reduction.
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Judul: A modified test in flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic for detecting poverty hotspots.
Abstrak: A flexibly spatial scan statistic was proposed by Tango and Takahashi (2005) that can detect arbitrary shaped clusters (hotspots). In this research, a flexibly shaped spatial scan statistic will be applied to perform poverty hotspots detection in Bogor. Overall population of family in Bogor is 1,094,480 families and 29.44% of families who live in Bogor are categorized as poor family. The problem was flexibly spatial scan statistic use Poisson distribution in their calculation but the poverty rate was too high to be approached by Poisson distribution. In fact that Poisson must be constructed from the number of trials is large and the probability of success is small. We proposed Bernoulli distribution instead of Poisson. This distribution was more suitable to the faced case. That have to be noticed is sampling unit from both the distribution. At Poisson, what becoming sampling unit is village while at Bernoulli the sampling unit is family. Each family has only two possibility status, that are poor and not poor. It was meets the characteristic of Bernoulli distribution. In this proposed method, the events of being poor are independents distributed, so we could find the likelihood function as multiplication of each individual mass function. In this research, the proposed test tends to be more sensitive compared to Septiani (2006), we obtained more significant hotspot. The order of log likelihood ratio statistic was slightly different, there were only minor changes. Septiani’s result using Poisson distribution still relevant to detect poverty hotspots in Bogor.
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Judul: Metil Ester Gondorukem sebagai Kandidat Bahan Bakar Nabati
Abstrak: The objective of this research is to produce ester of rosin distillate using methanol and H2SO4 (pa) as a catalyst. The result showed an optimum yield of methyl ester was 88.5% at an operating condition of 1.2 mL catalyst in 1.5 hours. The infrared spectra showed that carboxyl groups was replaced by C=O ester group, proofing that the rosin distillate was esterified. Furthermore, the gas chromatography-mass spectrometer spectra showed that the resin acids consists of ester derivates of abietic acid, sandaracopimaric acid, dehidroabietic acid, isopimaric acid, palustric acid. Based on SNI 04 -7182-2006, the kinematic viscosity at 40ºC (4.2 mm2/s), cloud point (-18ºC), total sulfur (67 ppm), acid number (0.1 mg-KOH/g), iodine number (12.8%), and total alkyl ester (99.8%), the methyl ester of pine rosin would be feasible to be used as a biodiesel material. The flash point was considered too low for biodiesel, but would be suitable f or biogasoline.
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