Judul: Penentuan Best Opening First (BOF) dengan Pertimbangan Angka Bentuk Dolok Pada Pola Penggergajian Satu Sisi
Abstrak: Industri penggergajian merupakan perusahaan yang padat bahan baku artinya tidak kurang dari setengah total biaya produksi merupakan biaya pengadaan kayu bulat. Kondisi ini menyebabkan perlunya efisiensi penggergajian yaitu dengan cara mengkonversi kayu bulat (dolok) menjadi kayu gergajian sebanyak mungkin (memaksimumkan rendemen).
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Judul: Pengaruh pola penggergajian terhadap rendemen dan waktu menggergaji kayu meranti (Shorea spp.)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh pola penggergajian dan kualitas dolok terhadap rendemen total, rendemen ekspor, rendemen lokal dan waktu menggergaji, serta mencari hubungan antara diameter dolok, diameter hati rapuh dan tebal gubal dengan rendemen pada pola penggergajian yang terbaik. Penelitian dilakukan di penggergajian komersil PT. Inhutani II, Stagen, Kalimantan Selatan menggunakan jenis kayu meranti (Shorea spp.). Jumlah contoh 72 dolok (terdiri dari kualitas Utama, Pertama, Kedua dan Lokal masing-masing 18 dolok) atau 150,85 m3. Tiap kualitas dibe- ri perlakuan penggergajian Semi Quarter, Berguling dan Satu Sisi. Pengaruh pola penggergajian dan kualitas dolok dianalisis dengan rancangan percobaan faktorial 3 x 4. Respon yang diamati adalah rendemen total, rendemen ekspor, rendemen lokal dan waktu menggergaji. Hubungan antara diameter dolok, diameter hati rapuh dan tebal gubal dengan rendemen dianalisis dengan analisis regresi ganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengaruh pola penggergajian ternyata berbeda-beda terhadap rendemen penggergajian kecuali terhadap rendemen lokal. Pola penggergajian yang menghasilkan rendemen total tertinggi (46,37%) adalah pola penggergajian Semi Quarter. Rendemen semakin menurun dengan pola penggergajian berguling dan satu sisi de- ngan nilai rendemen total masing-masing 43,48% dan 37,61 %. Pengaruh kualitas dolok berbeda-beda terhadap rendemen penggergajian kecuali rendemen lokal. Dolok kualitas Utama menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi (46,92 %) dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan dolok kualitas Pertama. Rendemen semakin menurun pada dolok kualitas Kedua dan tidak berbeda nyata dengan dolok kualitas Lokal yang besarnya 37,12 %. Waktu meng- gergaji terpendek diperoleh dari pola penggergajian satu sisi. Rendemen penggergajian total dengan pola penggergajian Semi Qu- arter dapat diduga melalui diameter dolok (X₁), diameter hati rapuh (X2) dan tebal gubal (X3) dengan persamaan. Y = 34,8289 + 0,2444 X₁ T dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) pornya dengan persamaan. 0,2909 X2 - 1,2887 X3 = 0,6706. Sedangkan rendemen eks- YE = 33,4015 + 0,2565 X₁ - 0,3289 X2 - 1,1960 X3 dengan koefisien determinasi (R2) = 0,6561. Hubungan antara diameter dolok, diameter hati rapuh dan tebal gubal dengan rendemen lokal tidak nyata sehingga persamaannya tidak dapat digunakan sebagai penduga.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua