Judul: Penentuan Periode Optimal Amortization Gains and Losses dengan Meminimumkan Ragam Kontribusi Jangka Panjang
Abstrak: Amortization gain and loss method is a method to determine supplementary contributions for defining benefit pension funds. In any pension fund, profits or losses are always occur. Gains or losses are caused by the difference in the interest rate return on investment assumption and the actual rate of return. Losses must be covered in order to meet retirement benefit. Supplementary contributions to cover losses with the same payment mechanism at some periods, which are the optimal period; minimizing the range of long-term contribution as expected in the longterm the contribution be applied to program participants will be stable for each years. The optimal period of amortization gain and loss method is twenty-two years and the variance of long-term contribution is 0.000157
Keyword: optimal period, minimum variance of contribution, interest rates, mortization gain and loss method

Judul: Penentuan Periode Optimal Spreading Gains and Losses dengan Meminimumkan Ragam Kontribusi Jangka Panjang
Abstrak: The purpose of this paper is to determine optimal periods of spreading gains and losses on defined benefit pension funding plan. The principle of spreading gains and losses method is by spreading gains and losses to some periods. The optimal period is determined by minimizing the variance of long-term contribution. This paper assumes that losses are caused by the difference of actuarial rate and actual rate of investment return. The illustration of this paper uses three cases which standard deviations of actual rate of investment return are 0.0025, 0.1, and 0.25. The optimal period for three cases are acquired 12 years, 11 years, and 8 years, and standard deviation of long-term contribution for three cases are acquired 0.011, 0.469, and 1.355. It is concluded that the variance of actual rate of investment return and the variance of long-term contribution are comparable but the variance of actual rate of investment return and the optimal period of spreading losses are inversely proportional
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Judul: Characterization and Expression of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus Coat Protein Gene in Escherichia coli
Abstrak: Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) is a member of Crinivirus genus. TICV infects tomato crop in Garut and Cipanas, West Java Indonesia. Tomato initially showed bright interveinal yellowing symptoms. The coat protein gene (CP-TICV) was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA extracted from infected tomato leaves and the amplified fragment was cloned and completely sequenced. The fragment was subsequently subcloned into the pET-21b expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed to Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS to express the coat protein. The coat protein fused to a 6xhistag, was purified by affinity chromatography using a NiNTA spin column. The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. In this experiment, 792 bp of CP-TICV gene of TICV virus has been successfully cloned, sequenced, and expressed in E. coli. Based on nucleotide sequences alignment analysis, TICV-Indonesia strain showed 100% identity to TICV –Spain strain and 99% identity to North America, France, and California strains and based on amino acid sequences alignment analysis, TICV-Indonesia strain showed 100% identity to TICV –Spain, North America, France strains and 99.2% identity to California strain. CP-TICV showed over expressed in E. coli when it is induced with 1 mM IPTG and incubated at 37oC. Purified CP-TICV-Histag recombinants protein sized 29 kDa based on SDSPAGE analysis.
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