Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Diet Tinggi Lemak terhadap Profil Lipid dan serum MDA (Malonaldehida) pada Tikus Percobaan
Abstrak: Trans fat is one of the causes of coronary heart disease (CHD). The highest intake of trans fat come from hydrogenated oil. Margarine and shortening are hydrogenated oil products that are widely consumed. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of high-fat diet with varioustrans fat content on lipid profile (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) and MDA (Malondialdehyde). Male Sprague Dawley rats aged ± 8 weeks were given high-fat diet. Source of fat was from local margarine, import margarine, and shortening. Observation was conducted for six weeks. Local margarine had the lowest trans fat content (0.10%). The highest unsaturated fatty acids content was in import margarine (47.76%). Shortening had the highest saturated fatty acids (53.48%). The lowest increasement of total cholesterol level was found in rat local margarine group (86.6 ± 5.41 mg/dL). HDL cholesterol level in rat local margarine and shortening groups was decrease while in import margarine group was increase. LDL cholesterol levels of each group of rat decrease. The highest decreasement was seen in rat local margarine group 2.39 ± 3.2 mg/dL. Triglyceride level in import margarine group was increase while in rat local margarine and shortening groups were decrease. MDA level in rat local margarine and shortening groups were increase while in rat import margarine was decrease.
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Judul: The Influence of Rice Bran Oil on Body Weight and Lipid Profile in High-Fat Fed Rats
Abstrak: Obesitas merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak terjadi di Indonesia. Salah satu usaha pencegahan dislipidemia akibat obesitas adalah dengan memberikan minyak bekatul pada diet. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh pemberian minyak bekatul terhadap berat badan serta profil lipid pada tikus yang diberi ransum tinggi lemak. Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus Sprague-Dawley dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok standar (10% lemak), kelompok minyak kedelai (45% lemak dengan minyak kedelai), dan kelompok minyak bekatul (45% lemak dengan minyak kedelai). Tikus dipelihara selama 28 hari dan ditimbang setiap pekan. Konsumsi ransum tikus diukur setiap hari. Sampel darah tikus diambil melalui sinus retro-orbital pada hari ke-0, ke-24, dan ke-28. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat badan tikus kelompok standar, minyak kedelai, dan minyak bekatul selama intervensi mengalami peningkatan sebanyak 23,9%, 13,7%, dan 17,9%. Pemberian minyak bekatul tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap berat badan tikus dan efisiensi ransum (p>0,05). Pemberian minyak bekatul pada penelitian ini tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida plasma tikus (p>0,05). Pemberian minyak bekatul belum dapat menurunkan kadar kolesterol total dan trigliserida plasma tikus karena tikus belum mencapai keadaan dislipidemia, ditandai dengan kadar kolesterol total plasma tikus semua perlakuan berada dalam rentang normal (40–130 mg/dl), begitu pula kadar trigliseridanya (26–145 mg/dl)., Obesity is one of major health problems in Indonesia. Prevention of dyslipidemia in obesity can be done by giving rice bran oil in the diet. The aim of this study is to identify the influence of rice bran oil on body weight and lipid profile in high-fat fed rats. Fifteen Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 3 groups: standard group (10% fat), HF-S group (45% fat containing soybean oil), and HF-R group (45% fat containing rice bran oil). Rats were housed for 28 days and weighed every week. Food consumption of rats were measured everyday. Blood sample were drawn through retro-orbital sinus on day 0, 14, and 28. The study shows that body weight of standard, HF-S, and HF-R group increased 23,9%, 13,7%, and 17,9% respectively during intervention. Rice bran oil did not have significant influence on body weight and food efficiency (p>0,05). Rice bran oil did not have significant influence on plasma total cholesterol and trygliceride level (p>0,05). Rice bran oil still could not lower the plasma total cholesterol and trygliceride level because rats had not reach dyslipidemia, marked by plasma total cholesterol level of rats still normal (40–130 mg/dl), as well as plasma triglyceride level (26–145 mg/dl).
Keyword: lipid profile, obesity, rats, rice bran oil, soybean oil

Judul: Basis of Social Theories for Social Enterprises: Integrative Literature Review
Abstrak: Social enterprise is a hybrid organization aiming to achieve economic and social values that exist as an effective mechanism for creating value in the form of society, economy and environment. The development of social enterprise is considered to have contributed in increasing innovation as well as being a mechanism for ensuring economic development that is in line with social justice. However, the development of theory and study of social enterprise is still lagging behind in practice. The social enterprise conception is a conception that is still considered as a "young term" category in the social sciences and has not shown clear consistency linking social theories to the development of social enterprise. This study aims to identify the basic theories of social enterprise and social theories for social enterprise with used an integrated literature review approach with data sources from Scopus and ProQuest. The results of the study found that socio-economic theory is the basis for social enterprise theory. This study also found the linkages of 7 social theories for social enterprise and the mapping of social theory architecture for social enterprise which is studied on classical and contemporary social theories.
Keyword: integrative literature review, social economic, social enterprise, social theory