Judul: Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Burung pada Berbagai Tipe Habitat di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai
Abstrak: Gunung Ciremai National Park is listed as an important bird area (JID24) and endemic bird area (DBE160). Information on bird diversity and abundance is needed to determined conservation strategies in Gunung Ciremai National Park. The objective of the present study was to measure the diversity and abundance of birds in various habitat types, identify similarities diversity of birds in various habitat types, and determine the factors affecting the habitat of the dominant component of the abundance of birds. The study was conducted over two months from January 2, 2010 until February 27, 2010. Bird data was collected by point count method and MacKinnon species list. The research showed that there were 68 bird species classified into 27 families. The highest number of birds species was found in the altitude 200-1.500 m asl of natural forests (41 species, 17 familes), while the lowest in the altitude 2.400 m asl of natural forest (25 species, 15 families). The natural forest at 1.500-2.400 m asl has the highest diversity and evenness of birds compared to other habitats (H '= 3.27, E=0,91). The lowest birds diversity and evenness was found in shrub habitats (H’=2,73, E=0,79). The natural forest habitat at 2.400 m asl has the higgest abundance of birds spesies with 54.54 ± 9,97 number of birds spesies. The highest similarity of bird communities was among natural forest habitat at 1.500-2.400 m asl and natural forest habitat above 2.400 m asl with 0.78 morisita indeks. The lowest similarity of birds communities was between natural forest habitat above 2.400 m asl and shrub habitat on 200-1.500 m asl with 0.08 morisita indeks. Based on guild category, the insectivore frugivore group has the highest number of spesies (14 spesies) and the other dominant groups were bark gleaning insectivore and insectivore-nectarivore recpectively 10 species (15%). Factors that determine abundance of birds were canopy density and number of trees.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman jenis burung pada beberapa tipe habitat di Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan Lampung
Abstrak: Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) is part of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The area called Tambling (Tampang-Belimbing) is a conservation area that conserve high biodiversity. TWNC is managed by PT Adhiniaga Kreasinusa (AKN). The purposes of this research are 1). to compare the diversity of bird species at several types of habitat in TWNC, those are coastal forest, lowland forest, plantation and grassland. 2). to identify the difference of bird species composition among types of habitat. 3). to know the local birds distribution related to the types of habitat in TWNC. This research was conducted from August to November 2009. Data of birds was collected using MacKinnon species list and point count method or IPA (Ponctuel Indices d'Abondance). Data of habitat was collected using vegetation analysis and habitat used approach. Data of vegetation was collected by sampling plot 20 x 100 m. T-test was used to determine differences in bird species diversity among the coastal forest, lowland forest, plantation, and grassland habitats at the 95% confidence level. The vegetation in the coastal forest habitat was dominated by beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) with Important Value Index (IVI) 114.49%. In the lowland forest habitat was dominated by meranti (Shorea sp) with IVI 66.71%. Vegetation in plantation habitat consisted of coffee (Coffea robusta) and cacao (Thebroma cacao). Grassland habitat is dominated by species kerawatan (Cyonodon dactylon) and rumput jarum (Andropoghon aciculatus). The total bird species found in four types of habitat were 116 species, comprising 38 families. Twenty-eight species are categorized as protected by Indonesian government regulation No. 7 of 1999, 12 species are listed in the IUCN (Critically Endangered and Near Threatened), and 19 species are listed in CITES (Appendix I and II). The highest bird Diversity Index was found in plantation habitat (H’=2.93). The Evenness Index in four habitat types are distributed evenly. The habitats that have the highest similarity are between lowland forest and plantation habitats (ISJ=0.54). T-test results shows that there is no significant differences among four habitats in terms of birds diversity, it was predicted because of small sample size and a narrow area of research. Bird species in each habitat type has a different level of dominance. Regarding vertical distribution, birds in coastal forest lived in C to E strata. Vertical distribution of birds in lowland forest was found in A to E strata. Vertical distribution of birds in plantation habitat was found from C to E strata. While in grassland habitat birds were only found in E strata. The common bird activities were perching, singing, flying, and walking. Bird activity that was mostly found at coastal forest, lowland forest, and plantation was perching. At grassland habitat, common bird activity was walking.
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Judul: Pervaporasi Alkohol Menggunakan Membran Polistirena-SDS
Abstrak: Polystyrene (PS) membrane with SDS as porogen can be utilized as a filter in alcohol pervaporation process. The membrane was prepared using inversed phase method with PS:SDS:dichloromethane solvent composition were 17:0:83; 17:0.5:82.5; 17:1:82; 17:1.5:81.5; and 17:2:81. Homogenization of mixtures were carried out for 10 and 20 hours and casted on glass plate surface then submerged it into water with temperature of 60 °C. Pervaporation capability was evaluated from flux value and separation factor. The average of water flux values in 20 hours sonication were higher than the values in 10 hours sonication. The highest separation factor was observed in PS membrane with 0.5% SDS concentration and homogenization in 20 hours is 5.23. Application of PS membrane in pervaporation as showed by purities of alcohol value using gas chromatography method revealed that the purities increase from 91.6 to 93.4%. Therefore, certain SDS addition can increase the performance of PS membrane in alcohol purification.
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