Judul: Desain Penetrometer Digital Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega 8535
Abstrak: Until recently, most of soil strength measuring instrument still use spring scales penetrometer such as mechanical penetrometer. Mechanical penetrometer was difficult to use and has recording in accuracy because manual reading of spring scales and distance simultaneously. Moreover, mechanical penetrometer need three operator for operation. Therefore, digital penetrometer was developed to solve this problem. Penetrometer digital consists two main components : a electronics components and a mechanical components penetrometer. A mechanical component consists of a handle ring tranducer, penetrometer rod, and cone. Electronic components consists of sensor temperature LM35, strain gage, depth sensor , amplifier, microcontroller ATmega 8535, LCD screen, and battery 9 volts. Methodology use in this research was engineering design based on functional and structural design. Ergonomic of the developed digital penetrometer were condidered based on the Indonesians average anthropometries. Measurement principles the digital penetromter consist of: Compressive force was measured using strain gage sensors mounted on the ring transducer. Shinkage ring transducer strain gage sensor response by the form of the resistance value, because it is too small it takes amplifier, then processed by the microcontroller to be converted into units of kgf. Depth data obtained using ultrasonic sensors ranger. Ultrasonic signal transmission on soil will be reflected and received again by ultrasonic. From measuring the reflection will be further processed by a microcontroller and converted into units of cm. The data read by the LM35 temperature in the form of resistance. After that, change the resistance of the voltage to the microcontroller unit Celsius degree. The third sensor measurement results will be displayed through the LCD and stored in the EMS flash memory. Dimension of the digital penetrometer was 94 cm length, 12 millimeters rod diamater. Penetration of the developed penetrometer was done manually, while measurement of force was done by ring transduser, while depth of penetration was measured by ultrasonic sensor. Result of measurment was displayed on the LCD screen and recorded on EMS data flash memory.
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Judul: Pengujian Kinerja Penetrometer Digital Berbasis Mikrokontroler ATmega 8535
Abstrak: Performance test of digital penetrometer had been conducted to evaluate the performance of developed digital penetrometer. Force was measured using a ring type load cell, while the penetration depth was measured using an ultrasonic distance sensor. All measured data can be displayed on the LCD and recorded on a flash memory. Measurement of forces have an accuracy of 0.1 kg, whereas the depth of measurement has an accuracy of 5 mm. Recorded data were force of penetration, depth of penetration and ambient temperature. Ambient temperature used to correct the speed of ultrasonic sensor in the air. Results of tests showed that the digital penetrometer based on microcontroller ATmega 8535 wich have accurate reading for measuring temperature, depth and penetration resistance of the soil. Cone index data used for determining trafficability, estimating traction ratio (at 50% slip), specific draft prediction for plowing and specific torque for rotary tilling.
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Judul: Psittacosis Sebagai Zoonosis Penting Yang Berasal Dari Burung
Abstrak: Psittacosis atau ornithosis adalah penyakit menular dari burung kepada manusia. Agens penyebab psittacosis termasuk ke dalam virus psittacosis-lymphogranuloma venereum group yang disebut Chlamydia psittaci. C. psittaci hanya dapat berkembang biak di dalam jaringan hidup tetapi peka terhadap antibiotik. Penyebaran penyakit ini sangat luas, terdapat hampir di seluruh dunia. Di Indonesia penyakit ini belum pernah di diagnosa, tetapi mengingat terdapat demikian banyaknya jenis burung maka diperkirakan psittacosis ini sudah ada. Kasus pada manusia pertamakali ditemukan oleh Ritter pada tahun 1879, di Eropa. Waktu itu dikenal sebagai pneumotyphus. Chlamydia psittaci tidak hanya sebagai penyebab infeksi pada burung, juga bisa menyebabkan infeksi pada mamalia diantaranya sapi, kerbau, kambing, domba, babi dan kucing. Pada kucing dikenal sebagai feline pneumonitis. Pada domba atau kambing mengakibatkan enzootic abortion. Pada burung, kalkun merupakan unggas paling rentan diikuti oleh burung psittacine dan burung lain di luar famili psittacidae. Virulensinyapun berbeda-beda. Yang berasal dari kalkun bervirulensi tinggi, sedangkan yang berasal dari burung merpati bisa bervirulensi tinggi bisa juga bervirulensi rendah. Penularan terjadi melalui kontak langsung maupun ti- dak langsung. Penularan melalui telur tidak terjadi. Umumnya penyakit ini memperlihatkan gejala klinis berupa deman, lesu, lemah, anorexia, kurus, diarrhea ber- warna kekuningan, discharge dari mata dan hidung, conjunc- tivitis. Gejala khas pada kalkun adalah istirahat dengan sternum sebagai dasarnya, karena adanya tekanan dari bagian perut yang sakit. Sedangkan pada manusia memperlihatkan adanya demam, kadang-kadang merasa dingin, lesu, sakit kepala yang hebat, sakit pada bagian belakang badan dan photophobia…dst
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