Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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Judul: Infestation of Fly (Diptera: Cyclorrapha) Ectoparasite on Buffalo (Bubalus Bubalis) in Ragunan Wildlife Park, South Jakarta
Abstrak: Kerbau (Bubalus bubalis) merupakan ternak ruminansia besar yang penting bagi masyarakat Indonesia. Ektoparasit lalat menjadi salah satu penyebab masalah kesehatan pada kerbau selain mengganggu kenyamanan hidup ternak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui jumlah infestasi ektoparasit lalat dan faktor-faktor aktivitas inang (host) berupa waktu aktivitas, berteduh, dan berkubang yang berhubungan dengan jumlah infestasi ektoparasit lalat pada kerbau. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tiga ekor kerbau jantan pada tiga waktu aktivitas, yaitu pagi (06.00-07.00 WIB), siang (11.00-12.00 WIB), dan sore hari (16.00-17.00 WIB), dan di saat yang bersamaan diamati juga apakah kerbau sedang berteduh atau berkubang. Pengamatan ektoparasit lalat pada kerbau dilakukan setiap hari, selama 14 hari, secara eye-catching dengan menggunakan alat bantu teropong. Penghitungan ektoparasit lalat pada masing- masing waktu dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali (ulangan). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa infestasi lalat pada kerbau didominasi oleh lalat Muscidae sebanyak 92,4% dan sisanya lalat Calliphoridae sebanyak 7,6%. Tingkat infestasi ektoparasit lalat lebih tinggi pada aktivitas di siang hari (47,5%) dibandingkan pada pada (32,2%) dan sore hari (20,3%). Sementara itu, aktivitas berteduh dan berkubang dapat mengurangi jumlah infestasi ektoparasit lalat pada kerbau., Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is a large ruminant livestock that is important to the people of Indonesia. Fly ectoparasites are one of the causes of health problems in buffalo besides that can interfere with the comfort of livestock life. This study aimed to determine the number of fly ectoparasite infestation in buffalo and the association of host activities with the infestation. Three male buffaloes in Ragunan Wildlife Park, South Jakarta were observed in three activity times, namely in the morning (06.00-07.00 WIB), in the afternoon (11.00-12.00 WIB), and in the evening (16.00-17.00 WIB); and at the same time, it was also observed whether the buffalo was taking shelter or wallowing. The infestation of fly ectoparasites in buffalo was observed everyday during 14 days in an eye-catching manner using binoculars. The number of fly ectoparasites was counted three times of each time (as repeatation). The results showed that flies in buffalo was dominated by Muscidae flies (92,4%) and the other was Calliphoridae flies (7,6%). The rate of fly ectoparasite infestation was higher during the afternoon activity (47,5%) compared to the morning (32.2%) and the evening (20,3%) activities. Meanwhile, shelter and wallowing activities could reduce the number of fly ectoparasite infestations in buffalo.
Keyword: buffalo, Calliphoridae, ectoparasite flies, Muscidae

Judul: Peranan Kepemimpinan dalam Resiliensi Komunitas terhadap Erupsi Gunung Merapi
Abstrak: Erupsi Gunung Merapi merupakan salah satu penyebab kerentanan komunitas Kalitengah Lor. Kerentanan membuat komunitas harus melakukan suatu upaya agar komunitas tersebut dapat resilien. Resiliensi komunitas akan terwujud dengan adanya aksi kolektif dan peranan kepemimpinan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis kerentanan komunitas Kalitengah Lor, menganalisis aksi kolektif komunitas, menganalisis peranan kepemimpinan dalam resiliensi komunitas terhadap erupsi Gunung Merapi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan komunitas Kalitengah Lor memiliki tingkat kerentanan tinggi. Peranan kepemimpinan dan tingkat partisipasi pada aksi kolektif komunitas Kalitengah Lor Tinggi. Peranan kepemimpinan dan adanya aksi kolektif komunitas dapat mengatasi dampak yang ditimbulkan dari erupsi gunung Merapi 2010 sehingga tingkat keberfungsian sistem dan tingkat kenyamanan komunitas Kalitengah Lor tahun 2017 meningkat. Resiliensi komunitas Kalitengah Lor dibangun melalui pembaharuan yang dilakukan pemimpin bersama komunitas dalam membangun wisata lokal, serta regenerasi dan reorganisasi kelembagaan di dalamnya.
Keyword: aksi kolektif, peranan kepemimpinan, kerentanan, resiliensi komunitas