Judul: Gambaran Histopatologi Organ Hati Dan Ginjal Pada Tikus Model Diabetes Dengan Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Biji Mahoni (Swietenia Mahagoni Jacq.).
Abstrak: Swietenia Mahagoni Jacq yang dikenal dengan mahoni adalah tanaman obat yang banyak digunakan dalam mengobati berbagai penyakit, termasuk diabetes melitus. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengamati gambaran histopatologi pada organ hati dan ginjal tikus model diabetes dengan pemberian ekstrak etanol biji mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.). Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor tikus yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok. Kelompok 1 sebagai kelompok kontrol negatif (K-), nondiabetes melitus (DM), tanpa pemberian ekstrak etanol biji mahoni. Kelompok 2 sebagai kelompok kontrol positif (K+)/kelompok DM tanpa pemberian ekstrak. Kelompok 3 sebagai kelompok DM dengan pemberian ekstrak (EM). Kelompok 4 sebagai kelompok DM dengan pemberian acarbose (KO). Kelompok 5 sebagai kelompok nondiabetes dengan pemberian ekstrak (KE). Pemberian ekstrak etanol biji mahoni dilakukan secara peroral dengan dosis 500 mg/kgBB/hari. Perlakuan DM dibuat dengan menggunakan induksi aloksan (110 mg/kgBB). Perlakuan dilakukan selama 28 hari. Hati dan ginjal di ambil pada akhir perlakuan dengan melakukan anastesi pada tikus. Jaringan kemudian di proses menggunakan standard paraffin embedding method dan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin (HE). Pengamatan histopatologi berdasarkan terjadinya degenerasi hidropis, degenerasi lemak, karyomegali, piknosis, dan nekrosa sel disekitar vena porta sel hepatosit dan sel tubulus proksimal. Hasil menunjukan terjadi kerusakan ringan jaringan hati dan ginjal pada tikus diabetes dengan pemberian ekstrak. Hasil lain juga menunjukan persentase fungsional sitoplasma jaringan hati sebesar 73, 25 % pada tikus diabetes dengan perlakuan ekstrak.
Keyword: diabetes melitus, ginjal, hati, histopatologi

Judul: Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.) pada jaringan Hati dan Ginjal Tikus Model Diabetes: Studi Imunohistokimia
Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a syndrome metabolic disease that can be indicated with high of blood glucose levels. The decreasing of carbohydrate metabolism, protein, and lipid in DM caused by deficiency and resistance of insulin. The DM condition has increased production of free radical and reactive oxygen spesies (ROS) that create a situation of known as oxidative stress, which antioxidant is lower than the amount of free radicals. As an alternative to handle oxidative stress condition, the patients of DM can consume high antioxidant plant to prevent the complication of the disease due to diabetes and to help lower of blood sugar. Any one of plant which has the antioxidant is the mahogany seeds (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.). The mahogany seeds were conducted from the Leuwiliang, Bogor Districts, West Java. The aim of this research were to: (1) analyze the antioxidant activity of an ethanol mahogany seeds extract, (2) measure the amount of feed consumption, body weight, and blood glucose levels of diabetic rats, (3) measure of malondialdehyde levels (MDA) of the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats, and (4) analyze the content of antioxidant Cu,Zn-SOD of the liver and kidney tissues of diabetic rats using immunohistochemical technique. The study was used male Rattus norvegicus strain Sprague Dawley. The rats were divided into 5 groups: (i) negative control group/ non DM (K-), (ii) positive control group/ DM (K+), (iii) DM group was treated with 500 mg/kgBW of the ethanol mahogany seeds extract (EM), (iv) DM group was treated with 2 mg/kgBW of acarbose (KO), and (v) non DM group was treated with 500 mg/kgBW of the ethanol mahogany seeds extract (KE). The condition of DM was obtained by alloxan (110 mg/kgBW) induction that injected by intraperitoneal. The the measurement of blood glucose levels was used glucometer two days after alloxan induced. The blood has taken with piercing the tip of tail rats using a frank needle. Furthermore, each group has given extract treatment once a day in the morning for 28 days. The treatment has given using sonde needle. The extracts was used an ethanol mahogany seed extract macerated with 96% ethanol solvent. The weight of feed consumption was conducted every day, while the measurement of blood glucose levels and body weight of rats was conducted every four days. The weight of feed number, body weight and measurement of blood glucose levels should be done every morning before the provision of extract treatment. At the end of the treatment, the rats were anesthetized with ketamine (75 mg/kgBW) and xylazine (8 mg/kgBW). The liver and kidney tissues were conducted and analyzed for (a) the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) using thiobarbiturate acid reactive substance (TBARS) method and (b) the content of antioxidant Cu,Zn-SOD using immunohistochemical technique. The results showed that an ethanol mahogany seeds extract that macerated with 96% ethanol solvent have a weak in antioxidant activity. The DM rats that has given an ethanol mahogany seeds extract (EM) have the similiar number of feeds consumption (P>0.05) with K- group. This condition was followed by the increasing of body weight on the EM group
Keyword: diabetic experimental rats, malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, Swietenia mahagoni Jacq

Judul: Query Expansion based on Bilingual Dictionary Using Conditional Probability
Abstrak: Query expansion is a technique that can be used to bridge vocabulary gaps between queries and documents in the collection. With query expansion, user will be helped to formulate queries well so that user will optimize the search result. In this study, the expansion term was resulted from the translation of bilingual dictionary. Subsequently, several terms of expansion were elected based on the closeness of its relationship with the original query. This research showed that conditional probability can be used to select expansion term in bilingual translation method query expansion. The result of 1000 documents was more than 97% relevan document can be retrieved by this system. The more expansion term used, the larger number relevan document was retrieved.
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