Judul: Pengaruh Kelekatan Remaja dengan Ibu dan Teman Sebaya terhadap Kecerdasan Sosial (Social Intelligence) Remaja pada Keluarga Bercerai
Abstrak: The Effect of divorce is not only affected to parents but also to their children. In adolescence, influence of environment will increase that make them to have good social intelligence. The aim of this research to analyze the influence of Teenager’s Attachment with Mother’s and Peer Group to Social Intelligence of Teenager’s among Divorced Families. In this was cross sectional design with convenience sampling techniques. Participants in this study were 50 adolescenct in Tanah Sareal and West Bogor Sub Districts, Bogor City. The results showed that better the mother and peer attachment it is likely the better the adolescent social intelligence. The results also showed length of divorce influenced to social intelligence. In addition, girls showed better social intelligence than boys.
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Judul: Hubungan Stimulasi Psikososial dan Metode Sosialisasi dengan Karakter Disiplin dan Hormat Santun Remaja pada Keluarga Bercerai
Abstrak: Bogor divorce rate is increasing every year so that it can have an impact on the family life cycle. This study used cross-sectional design study aimed to analyze the relationship between psychosocial stimulation and socialization methods to adolescent mothers with the character of discipline and respect on teenager. The study was conducted at the Tanah Sareal and West Bogor. 50 adolescents in middle and high school ages 12 to 18 years was selected by convenience method. The results showed that in providing psychosocial stimulation and socialization methods of discipline and respect, more than half of mothers were in middle category. Even so with discipline and respect character, more than half of adolescents were in middle category. The results also showed no significant association between psychosocial stimulation with discipline and respect, but there was a significant relationship between the method of socialization with the character of discipline and respect of adolescent (p-value <0.01).
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable