Judul: Klasifikasi Mangrove Berbasis Objek dan Piksel Menggunakan Citra Satelit Multispektral di Sungai Kembung, Bengkalis, Provinsi Riau
Abstrak: Mangrove that generally found in coastal regions plays important roles such as (1) coastal protection from hurricane, tsunami, wind and wave, (2) spawning ground for many fishes and other faunas, (3) a place for recreational, (4) source of nutrients for organisms, and (5) source of wood. Recently, mangrove ecosystems in Kembung River, Bengkalis Island Riau Province tend to get pressure from antrophogenic. Protection and management of mangrove ecosystems needs to be a serious concern of various parties. Such efforts require data acquisition techniques and information mangrove spatially and accurately. Field data were collected in June and December 2012. Satellite imageries were used in this study consisted of Landsat 5 TM, Landsat 7 ETM +, Landsat 8 OLI, SPOT 6 multispectral, SPOT 6 panchromatic, ALOS PALSAR and SENTINEL-1. Pre-processing in the satellite imageries were applied including atmospheric correction, radiometric calibration, geometric correction, and spectral transformation. Field data observations and measurements were conducted on mangrove vegetation and land cover. Scheme development of mangrove community classification was conducted by using clusters and similarity percentage (SIMPER) analyses. Furthermore, the scheme was used to charactirized satellite images spectral reflectance by using spectral analysis. Satellite data were classified by using object-based approach which applied random forest algorithm. Object-based classification results was then compared to pixel-based classification technique which used maximum likelihood algorithm. The succesfull object-based classification then applied on magrove change detection in the study area. Kembung River mangrove community was assembled by 69 mangroves species which consists of 22 true mangrove species and 47 species of associate mangrove. Xylocarpus granamun, Rhizophora. apiculata, Lumnitzera. racemosa and Scyphiphora hidrophyllaceae were dominant species and always found in the study area compared with other species, for all strata. Based on standard criterias and guidelines for the determination of mangrove destruction which issued by the Minister of the Environment No. 201 of 2004, Mangrove at Kembung River was categorized as good and very dense mangrove ecosystem. Based on the composition of mangrove species, one level classification scheme was succesfully developed. The scheme consisted of 12 mangrove community classes, however most of the mangrove species belong to the two main classes of Rhizophora apiculata (Ra) composed of 33 samples and Xylocarpus granatum (Xg) composed of 93 samples Other 10 classes had limited sample number, therefore the 10 other classes were groupped into one class (La) that composed of 28 samples. Both classification techniques were able to identify all land cover classes and mangrove communities. Some misclassifications were still found to produce salt and pepper effects on both classifications, however, the random forest algorithm v could reduced such errors than the maximum likelihood algorithm. The best result of land cover classification using object-based and pixel-based classifications was obtained through input image layer M6. The object-based classification approach was better than pixel-based and it can improved the classification results by 1-24.5%. Change detection analyses showed that the mangrove area in Kembung River was relatively stable. For nearly two decades, we found mangrove loss about 197.2 ha, gain of 251.1 ha, and unchanged of 2904.9 ha. Changes in mangrove covers were generally caused by anthropogenic factors
Keyword: classification, Kembung River, mangrove, object-based, pixel-based

Judul: Kajian Tutupan Lahan Berbasis Objek dan Piksel di Kawasan Mangrove Pulau Dompak Provinsi kepulauan Riau
Abstrak: Mangrove merupakan salah satu ekosistem pesisir yang memiliki peran penting. Berbagai ancaman pada mangrove baik secara alamiah seperti perubahan iklim dan kegiatan manusia seperti penimbunan, alih fungsi lahan dan penebangan semakin meningkatkan kerentanan ekosistem tersebut. Penginderaan jauh merupakan metode yang sangat efektif untuk digunakan dalam kegiatan monitoring mangrove karena dapat dilakukan secara berkala dan mampu menjangkau area yang luas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan tutupan lahan di kawasan mangrove berbasis objek dan piksel menggunakan citra satelit dengan resolusi spasial yang berbeda. Selanjutnya penelitian ini menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan mangrove serta menganalisis hubungan antara tutupan kanopi mangrove dengan nilai NDVI dari citra satelit. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Pulau Dompak Kota Tanjung Pinang, Provinsi kepulauan Riau. Pengambilan data lapangan dilakukan pada bulan September – Oktober 2018 dengan metode simple random sampling. Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebanyak 130 titik untuk klasifikasi, 180 titik untuk uji akurasi dan 36 titik untuk analisis tutupan kanopi mangrove. Metode yang digunakan adalah transek kuadrat berukuran 10 x 10 m dan 30 x 30 m di kombinasikan dengan metode hemispherical photography. Bahan yang digunakan adalah citra satelit Sentinel 2B Tahun 2018, Landsat 8 Tahun 2018 dan SPOT 4 Tahun 2007. Klasifikasi berbasis objek pada citra Sentinel-2B dan Landsat 8 menghasilkan tingkat akurasi 89% dan 67.4%, kappa 0.86 dan 0.59 dengan skala segmentasi optimum yang diperoleh adalah skala 3 dan 35 secara berurutan, sedangkan berbasis piksel pada citra Sentinel-2B dan Landsat 8 sebesar 86% dan 69%, kappa 0.83 dan 0.60 secara berurutan. Tidak ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara kedua metode klasifikasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa metode klasifikasi citra satelit Sentinel 2B berbasis objek dan piksel dapat memetakan penutupan lahan di sekitar kawasan mangrove dengan akurat, sebaliknya pada citra Landsat 8 dengan resolusi spasial yang lebih rendah tidak dapat memetakan dengan akurat. Berdasarkan analisis perubahan tutupan lahan terjadi penurunan luasan hutan mangrove sebesar 34.19% atau sekitar 46.61 ha sejak tahun 2007 hingga 2018 yang diakibat dari konversi lahan. Hubungan antara tutupan kanopi mangrove dengan NDVI pada citra Sentinel 2B sebesar r=0.92 dan pada citra Landsat 8 sebesar r=0.84 yang berarti berhubungan kuat dan tutupan kanopi mangrove berpengaruh terhadap nilai NDVI sedangkan sisanya dipengaruhi oleh variabel lain.
Keyword: klasifikasi berbasis objek dan piksel, mangrove, NDVI, Pulau Dompak

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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