Judul: Perencanaan Bisnis Ekspor Jahe Bubuk Melalui Pendekatan Cooperative Entrepreneur di Bogor
Abstrak: Ginger as a biopharmaceutical commodity has a good prospect. Its increasing demand due to the development of phytopahrmaceutical industries was not followed by the supply side. It is attributed to the lack of market information that farmers have and their small scale of production. Cooperative entrepreneur based business development can be adopted as a solution through which farmers’ bargaining power is strengthened and in turn the accepted price of their product increases. This research uses quantitative and non-quantitative (qualitative) analysis method to data collected. Non-quantitative method is used in preparing non-financial planning, meanwhile quantitative analysis method is used in developing financial planning in the business operation. The type is more appropriate of business plan chosen is cooperative. The targeted markets are Japan and Bangladesh as the main export destination of Indonesia ginger.
Keyword: ginger, cooperative enterepreneur, businessplan, bhiopharmaceutical

Judul: Rencana Bisnis Produk Temulawak Bubuk Berorientasi Ekspor Melalui Pendekatan Cooperative Entrepreneur di Bogor
Abstrak: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) is one of biopharmaceutical plant that has a potency to be developed in West Java. This research aims to design the business plan of the processing fresh java turmeric through Cooperative Entrepreneur approach. The business will be located in Bogor. The production processing is converting fresh java turmeric into granule using modern technology, and packed using vacuum packing. The market target of this product is herbal medicine industries and phyto-pharmacy in America. The product is sold at the price of Rp 244 000 per kg or USD 21.4. Financial analysis shows that the business is highly prospective and can be implemented. Net profit in the first year is Rp556 501 000, second until third year is Rp535 503 000, and the next year is Rp562 785 000. Through cooperative entrepreneur approach, farmers can obtain the higher price so it can increase the wealthiness of the farmers.
Keyword: java turmeric., cooperative entrepreneur, business plans

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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