Judul: Detection of Beta Lactam Antibiotic Resistance Genes in Escherichia coli from Pig Slaughterhouse Floors in Tanggerang City
Abstrak: Kejadian resistansi antibiotik di Indonesia menjadi masalah yang serius tetapi tingkat resistansi dan gen penyandi resistansinya belum banyak dilaporkan, termasuk yang bersumber dari tempat pemotongan babi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi keberadaan gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam pada Escherichia coli yang diisolasi dari lantai tempat pemotongan babi di Kota Tangerang. Keberadaan gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam dideteksi menggunakan real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 80% isolat memiliki setidaknya satu gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam. Sebanyak 40% isolat mengandung lebih dari satu gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam. Gen blaTEM, blaCTX-M, dan blaCMY2 dideteksi pada isolat dengan prevalensi secara berurut sebesar 60%, 40%, dan 30%. Tingginya prevalensi gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik beta laktam pada E. coli dari lantai berpeluang menjadi sumber penyebaran resistansi antibiotik melalui lingkungan yang tercemar.
Keyword: antibiotik, Escherichia coli, resistansi, beta laktam

Judul: Deteksi Gen Penyandi Resistansi Antibiotik Aminoglikosida AAC(6') pada Escherichia coli dari Tempat Pemotongan Babi di Kota Tangerang
Abstrak: Escherichia coli (E. coli) merupakan bakteri Gram negatif yang mudah ditemui dan dapat mentransfer gen resistansi ke bakteri lain dengan cara horizontal ataupun vertikal. Salah satu sumber bakteri E. coli adalah tempat pemotongan babi (TPB). Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi keberadaan gen penyandi resistansi antibiotik aminoglikosida AAC(6’) pada E. coli yang diisolasi dari usap lantai dan efluen tempat pemotongan babi di Kota Tangerang. Sebanyak 20 isolat E. coli yang sudah dikonfirmasi oleh peneliti sebelumnya dilakukan deteksi gen penyandi resistansi aminoglikosida menggunakan Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). Hasil pengujian qPCR menunjukkan bahwa 3 dari 20 isolat E. coli (15%) membawa gen AAC(6’) yang menyandi resistansi aminoglikosida. Dua isolat berasal dari usap lantai dan satu berasal dari efluen. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa 2 dari 10 TPB (20%) di Kota Tangerang terdeteksi memiliki E. coli yang membawa gen penyandi resistansi. Dengan ditemukannya gen resistansi antibiotik aminoglikosida menunjukkan adanya potensi penyebaran resistansi aminoglikosida dapat ke manusia dan lingkungan., Escherichia coli (E. coli) is a Gram negative bacteria that is easily encountered and can transfer resistance genes to other bacteria horizontally or vertically. One of the sources of E. coli bacteria is pig slaughterhouses. This study aimed to detect the presence of the antibiotic resistance gene aminoglycoside AAC(6') in E. coli isolated from the swab floor and effluent of pig slaughterhouses in Tangerang City. A total of 20 E. coli isolates that have been confirmed by researchers were previously detected by aminoglycoside resistance encoding genes using Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR). The results of the qPCR test showed that 3 out of 20 E. coli isolates (15%) carried the AAC(6') gene encoding aminoglycoside resistance. Two isolates came from the swab floor and one came from effluent. This study also showed that 2 out of 10 TPB (20%) in Tangerang City were detected to have E. coli that carry the resistance encoding gene. The discovery of the aminoglycoside antibiotic resistance gene shows that there is a potential for aminoglycoside resistance to spread to humans and the environment.
Keyword: Escherichia coli, resistansi, aminoglikosida, gen resistansi, tempat pemotongan babi

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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