Judul: Analisis Kebenaran Tetua Dan Keragaman Genetik Populasi Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis Guineensis Jacq.) Asal Kamerun Menggunakan Marka Ssr (Simple Sequence Repeat).
Abstrak: Penelitian mengenai analisis kebenaran tetua terhadap 8 populasi persilangan kelapa sawit asal Kamerun telah dilakukan di Kumai, Kalimantan Tengah, Indonesia, sejak April 2014 - April 2015. Penelitian ini bertujuanuntuk : 1) Mendeteksi terjadinya illegitimasi persilangan material introduksi Kamerun, 2) Memperoleh informasi keragaman genetik yang dimiliki material genetik origin (asal) Kamerun, 3) Mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan antar populasi. Sebanyak 260 individu dari 8 populasi genotipe yang berbeda dianalisis menggunakan marka SSR dan dianalisis lebih lanjut menggunakan Software GenAlex, Cervus, Colony, Principal Coordinate Analysis, dan Structure.Dari 16 marka SSR yang diuji, 14 marka SSR memiliki tingkat polimorfisme yang tinggi (sangat informatif) kecuali pada lokus mEgCIR0173 (LG 3) dan mEgCIR0353 (LG 16) yang memiliki nilai PIC yang rendah. Pengelompokan terjadi pada populasi dura (A125, A127, A140) dan populasi B01 (T x T). Sedangkan populasi B02 dan B57 memiliki jarak genetik yang jauh terhadap populasi dura. Pada populasi hasil persilangan D x P yaitu C22 dan C72, terlihat bila populasi C22 memiliki jarak genetik yang jauh terhadap populasi dura, namun sebaliknya, populasi C72 memiliki jarak genetik yang relatif dekat dengan populasi dura. Tingkat kemurnian dari seluruh populasi yang diuji sangat tinggi. Hanya ditemukan satu individu yang diduga ilegitim yaitu individu B01 (21-4).
Keyword: Populasi, polimorfisme, jarak genetik, ilegitim

Judul: Extent and distribution of genetic variation in Cameroon wild population of the oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) using SSR markers
Abstrak: Untuk analisis keragaman genetik dalam populasi kelapa sawit liar asal Kamerun, digunakan 39 dari sejumlah 103 asesi berumur dua tahun. Empatbelas dari 16 primer SSR menunjukkan polimorfisme pada 180 individu yang diuji. Populasi tersebut polymorphic dengan nilai PIC rata-rata 0,60. Nilai heterozygositas yang diamati dan harapan adalah berturut-turut 0,65dan 0,54. Keragaman antara populasi dari tujuh daerah yang berbeda adalah rendah, dengan nilai I = 0,84 – 0,98 dan keragaman antar individu cukup tinggi dengan nilai I = 0,3. Populasi ini juga membentuk lima kelompok berdasarkan dendrogram filogenetik yang dihasilkan. Dendrogram tersebut menunjukkan bahwa seleksi tetua akan dilakukan bedasarkan individu atau famili, bukan bedasarkan populasi. Di lihat bahwa populasi ini mempunyai keragaman yang tinggi ditingkat individu atau famili dan dapat digunakan dalam program-program seleksi kelapa sawit. Untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik, sumber plasma nuftah asal Kamerun perlu dilakukan pengujian bersama-sama populasi dari negara-negara lain dan populasi-populasi yang dimiliki oleh perusahan dan lembaga penelitian kelapa sawit di Indonesia.
Keyword: genetic variability, Cameroon wild population, PIC, breeding programmes, SSR markers, Elaeis guineensis

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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