Judul: Profil Fitokimia dan Aktivitas Antikalkuli Ekstrak Air Daun Tapak Dara (Catharanthus roseus) secara In Vitro dan In Vivo
Abstrak: Catharanthus roseus leaves have been traditionally used for kidney stone’s treatment, but scientifically study about it hasnot been done. This study aims to analyze the phytochemical component and examine the anticalculi activity aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseus in vitro and in vivo. Phytochemical analysis is conducted qualitatively. In vitro anticalculi activity carried out to observe the decay of calcium oxalate in various concentration of extract. In vivo testing using aqueous extract with dose 100 mg/kg and 300 mg/kg in induced Sprague dawley rats by ethylene glycol 0.75% and ammonium chloride 1% ad libitum for 10 days. Phytochemical components contained in aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseus include of alkaloids, phenolic, flavonoids, tannins, saponins and triterpenoids. Aqueous extract with 5% concentration has the highest ability to decay calcium oxalate that is equal to 262.13 ± 12.36 ppm. Aqueous extract could increase body weight and decrease serum creatinine along with the rat kidney’s calcium, but it couldn’t reduce the number of renal crystal deposition. This indicates that aqueous extract of Catharanthus roseu leaves don’t have anticalculi activity.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), anticalculi, kidney stones, aqueous extract, Catharanthus roseus

Judul: Aktivitas Kombinasi Ekstrak Daun Alpukat dan Tanaman Kumis Kucing terhadap Daya Luruh Kalsium Oksalat In Vitro
Abstrak: Batu ginjal merupakan gangguan pada sistem ekskresi yang disebabkan adanya material seperti batu yang terbentuk dalam ginjal atau saluran urin. Kalsium oksalat adalah komponen utama penyusun batu ginjal yang terbentuk akibat adanya partikel-partikel pada larutan yang lewat jenuh. Senyawa flavonoid, fenolik, tanin, saponin, dan alkaloid yang terdapat pada daun alpukat dan tanaman kumis kucing diketahui memiliki aktivitas meluruhkan kristal kalsium oksalat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis aktivitas kombinasi ekstrak daun alpukat dan tanaman kumis kucing terhadap daya luruh kalsium oksalat penyusun utama batu ginjal secara in vitro. Ekstrak daun alpukat menghasilkan rendemen sebesar 21.18 % dan rendemen ekstrak tanaman kumis kucing sebesar 6.4 %. Hasil uji fitokimia pada kedua ekstrak menunjukkan adanya senyawa flavonoid. Hasil uji kombinasi ekstrak terhadap peluruhan kalsium menunjukkan hasil yang tidak sinergis.
Keyword: AAS, Batu ginjal, daun alpukat, kalsium oksalat, kumis kucing

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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