Judul: Perbandingan Pengukuran Kadar Air Metode Moisture Analyzer Dengan Metode Oven Pada Produk Biskuit Sandwich Cookies Di PT Mondelez Indonesia Manufacturing
Abstrak: Biskuit merupakan produk kering yang memiliki kadar air maksimum 5%. Biskuit dapat menjadi mudah rusak jika terjadi migrasi uap air dari lingkungan. Oleh sebab itu pengukuran kadar air sangat penting pada saat dilakukannya kendali mutu (quality control). Pengukuran kadar air produk biskuit sandwich cookies di PT Mondelez Indonesia Manufacturing ialah dengan menerapkan metode oven. Dalam rangka mempercepat proses pengukuran kadar air produk tersebut, perlu dilakukan pengukuran dengan metode alternatif yaitu menggunakan Moisture Analyzer. Pengukuran kadar air pada penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahapan yaitu tahap pre-study dan main study. Data hasil pengukuran kadar air diolah menggunakan software Minitab 16. Hasil penelitian di tahap pre-study menunjukkan bahwa suhu yang tepat untuk setting suhu alat Moisture Analyzer pada Line 1 105oC, Line 3 107oC, Line 4 107oC, Line 5 105oC dan Lab QS 105oC. Hasil tahapan main study menunjukkan bahwa hasil pengukuran kadar air dengan menggunakan Moisture Analyzer tidak berbeda nyata dengan hasil pengukuran metode oven. Hasil penelitian ini dapat memberikan manfaat informasi mengenai studi validasi pengukuran kadar air dengan menggunakan metode alternatif Moisture Analyzer.
Keyword: biskuit, kadar air, oven, Moisture Analyzer

Judul: Analisis Waktu Penundaan Proses Maksimum terhadap Mutu Kadar Air Biskuit Work in Process di PT Mayora Indah Tbk.
Abstrak: Biskuit merupakan produk pangan kering yang dapat mengalami penurunan mutu kerenyahan akibat peningkatan kadar air. Produk work in process (WIP) merupakan produk yang telah mengalami pengolahan namun belum selesai. Kadar air biskuit WIP mengalami peningkatan selama penyimpanan akibat penyerapan uap air dari lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menduga waktu penundaan proses maksimum biskuit WIP sebelum diproses lebih lanjut berdasarkan spesifikasi mutu kadar air biskuit WIP yang tidak lebih dari 2.5% dan menduga kondisi penyimpanan WIP terbaik. Biskuit WIP yang diamati adalah yang memiliki kapasitas produksi yang paling besar yang disimpan dalam wadah penyimpanan dengan plastik dibuka (kontrol), dilipat, dan diikat. Kadar air masing-masing biskuit WIP diukur setiap 6 jam sekali selama 96 jam dengan moisture analyzer. Kadar air setiap 6 jam ke diplotkan dalam grafik dan ditentukan persamaan garisnya. Waktu penundaan proses masing-masing biskuit WIP diperoleh dengan memasukkan kadar air maksimum dan kadar air awal biskuit WIP ke dalam persamaan garis. Pengaruh kelembaban relatif area penyimpanan diamati dengan menyimpan biskuit WIP dalam wadah penyimpanan terbuka (kontrol) dan desikator yang diisi garam jenuh K2CO3 (RH 43.2%) dan NaCl (RH 74.9%) di area produksi. Kadar air dalam desikator diukur setiap 24 jam selama 96 jam dengan moisture analyzer. Biskuit WIP yang disimpan dengan plastik terikat memiliki waktu penundaan proses maksimum lebih lama dibandingkan dengan dilipat, kecuali pada biskuit lini 4. Penyimpanan biskuit WIP pada RH fluktuatif tidak berbeda jauh dengan penyimpanan pada RH 43.2%, namun berbeda jauh dengan penyimpanan pada RH 74.9%.
Keyword: biskuit, kadar air, kelembaban relatif, waktu penundaan proses, work in process

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua