Judul: Analysis Structure, Performance, and Conduct of Clove Cigarette Industry and White Cigarettes industry During the Period 1991-2008
Abstrak: Tobacco Products Industry (IHT) is rated as the industry capable of supporting Indonesia's economy sector. Tobacco excise receipts proved effective for increasing state revenues, so the industry is still maintained. Developments that occurred during the period 1991-2008, indicating a change in the structure, performance, and conduct of the tobacco industry, both clove cigarettes industries and white cigarette industries. Growth of a sizeable number of firms in the clove cigarette industries is expected to affect the structure of industry. In white cigarette industry, growth in number of firms is not as big as clove cigarettes industry. However, the analysis in this industry is still important, considering the many studies that discuss the white cigarette industry. Changes in the structure, will ultimately affect how the performance and conduct, that exist in both industries. This study aims to analyze the difference between clove cigarette industry with a white cigarette industry in Indonesia during the period 1991-2008. Differences analyzed include the structure, performance, and conduct in both of industries. Additionally, it will analyze any factors that could affect performance. Differences of structure, performance, and behavior will be analyzed using SCP Method. This approach consists of three main analysis of the structural analysis, performance analysis, and conduct analysis. Analysis of the structure is measured through CR4 indicators and barriers to entry. Industry performance is measured by Price Cost Margin (PCM). Factors affecting the performance was analyzed by method of Ordinary Least Square (OLS). The results of structural analysis, it was found that the level of industry concentration of clove cigarettes went from tight oligopoly (84,29 percent) toward medium oligopoly (52,65 percent). White cigarette industry remained at the level of tight oligopoly, with an average value of CR4 of 94,75 percent. The average value of MES that reflects the barrier to entry on a white cigarette industry is higher (95,17 percent) than the cigarette industry (72,17 percent). Regression analysis on a clove cigarette industry indicates that the variable X-eff and Growth significantly positive, whereas a variable number of firms significantly negative effect on PCM. In white cigarette industry, a significant variable to the PCM is the X-eff with a value of 0,002426. The analysis of the behavior between the two industries can not be separated from government regulation, especially in setting the sale price. Behavior associated with the promotion strategy despite increased promotional costs, is still being done to maintain a large market.
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Judul: An economic study of the linkages between the development of national cloves and kretek cigarettes industries
Abstrak: love is a unique and strategic commodity for Indonesian economy. It is unique because Indonesia is both the largest producing and consuming as well as importing country of cloves in the worl d. Cloves farming and kretek cigarettes industry play a very important role in the Indonesian economy due their capability of absorbing a lot of labor works. In general, the problem of Indonesian cloves industry is due to a re latively low price of cloves especially during peak harvest season, which is redu cing incentive for farmers to increase their farming productivity. On the other ha nd, continuity of clove as raw material is very important for the survival of kr etek cigarettes factory, since most of cloves needed come from domestic production and only around 25 percent supplied by world production. The objectives of this study are to analyze: (1) the linkages between national cloves and kr etek cigarettes industries and factors affecting them, (2) the development of cloves farming and its economic efficiency, and (3) the possibility of cooperation between cloves industry and kretek cigarettes industry to improve the performance of both industries in the future.
Keyword: Linkages, Cloves industry, Kretek cigarettes industry, Sinergistic cooperation, Kebijakan percengkehan nasional, Policy analysis matrix, Game theory, Sulawesi Utara

Judul: Formulasi Hamiltonian untuk Menggambarkan Gerak Gelombang Soliter Dimensi Tiga di Permukaan Laut
Abstrak: Gelombang permukaan adalah gelombang yang terjadi perbedaan rapat massa antara air dan udara. Salah satu gelombang permukaan yang ditinjau adalah gelombang soliter. Formulasi gelombang soliter dilakukan dengan menggunakan formulasi Hamiltonian.
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