Judul: Analysis of the Antioxidant Potential of Phomopsis sp. on Kidney Function in Sprague-Dawley Rats Induced with 7,12- Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene
Abstrak: Phomopsis sp. diketahui memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang kuat dalam melindungi sel dari kerusakan yang disebabkan oleh radikal bebas. Namun, kajian terkait potensi antioksidan Phomopsis sp. terhadap kadar ureum, kreatinin, dan MDA (Malondialdehid) ginjal secara in vivo pada tikus Sprague-Dawley betina yang diinduksi kanker payudara belum dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi antioksidan ekstrak Phomopsis sp. terhadap fungsi ginjal dengan parameter kadar ureum, kreatinin, dan MDA ginjal secara in vivo pada tikus Sprague-Dawley betina yang diinduksi kanker payudara. Metode penelitian meliputi ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif Phomopsis sp., pengkondisian hewan coba, induksi DMBA pada tikus, pembuatan serum darah untuk uji kreatinin dan urea, nekropsi dan pengambilan organ ginjal untuk uji MDA ginjal, serta analisis data menggunakan one-way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak Phomopsis sp. dosis 20 mg/Kg BB merupakan dosis terbaik dengan nilai konsentrasi MDA (2.974 ± 0.820 nmol/gr), kadar kreatinin (0.417 ± 0.144 mg/dL), serta kadar urea (18.750 ± 1.250 mg/dL). Ekstrak Phomopsis sp. dosis 20 mg/Kg BB memiliki potensi antioksidan yang kuat dengan menurunkan nilai MDA, kreatinin, dan urea secara signifikan. Kadar MDA, kreatinin, dan urea pada ginjal menunjukkan perubahan yang signifikan (p<0.05), Phomopsis sp. is known to have strong antioxidant activity in protecting cells from damage caused by free radicals. However, studies related to the antioxidant potential of Phomopsis sp. on urea, creatinine, and kidney MDA (Malondialdehyde) levels in vivo in female Sprague-Dawley rats induced with breast cancer have not been conducted. This study aimed to analyze the antioxidant potential of Phomopsis sp. extract on kidney function with parameters of urea, creatinine, and kidney MDA levels in vivo in female Sprague-Dawley rats induced with breast cancer. The research methods include the extraction of bioactive compounds from Phomopsis sp., conditioning of experimental animals, induction of DMBA in rats, preparation of blood serum for creatinine and urea tests, necropsy and kidney organ collection for kidney MDA tests, and data analysis using one-way ANOVA. The results of the study showed that Phomopsis sp. extract at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW was the best dose with MDA concentration values (2.974 ± 0.820 nmol/g), creatinine levels (0.417 ± 0.144 mg/dL), and urea levels (18.750 ± 1.250 mg/dL). Phomopsis sp. extract at a dose of 20 mg/kg BW had strong antioxidant potential by significantly lowering MDA, creatinine, and urea values. Kidney MDA, creatinine, and urea levels showed significant changes (p<0.05).
Keyword: Antioksidan, in vivo, kreatinin, MDA, Phomopsis sp, urea

Judul: Compound Analysis of Phomopsis sp. Fraction from Soursop Leaves as Anticancer and Apoptotic Activity in Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7.
Abstrak: Kanker payudara merupakan salah satu penyakit penyebab kematian yang memerlukan pilihan pengobatan lain dalam penyembuhannya yang memiliki efek samping lebih ringan. Pilihan pengobatan yang dapat dipilih adalah pengobatan herbal. Phomopsis sp. yang berasal dari daun sirsak telah terbukti memiliki aktivitas sitotoksik terhadap sel MCF-7. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kandungan metabolit fraksi Phomopsis yang berasal dari daun sirsak, aktivitas antiproliferasi, dan apoptosisnya terhadap MCF-7. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari pemisahan ekstrak Phomopsis sp. dengan metode kromatografi kolom, pengujian sitotoksisitas Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), pengujian antiproliferasi terhadap sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dan sel normal Vero, pengujian apoptosis, serta analisis kandungan dengan intrumen LC-MS/MS. Pemisahan dengan kromatografi kolom menghasilkan total 10 fraksi (F1-F10). F1 terpilih menjadi fraksi terbaik dengan nilai LC50 sebesar 2.33 μg/mL dengan metode BSLT. Aktivitas antiproliferasi sel MCF-7 dan sel vero dari F1 menghasilkan nilai IC50 sebesar 5.65 μg/mL dan 5.21 μg/mL secara berurutan. Aktivitas ini teramati melalui mekanisme apoptosis. Terdapat 38 total senyawa yang terkandung dalam F1. Diantara senyawa tersebut, cytosporone c, kynurenic acid, maraniol, (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, dan chalcone teridentifikasi sebagai senyawa yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai antikanker., Breast cancer is one of cause disease of death globally that need other option such as herbal medicine to decrease the side effect. Phomopsis sp. in soursop leaves have proven to have cytotoxicity against cancer cell MCF-7. This study aimed to analyze the metabolite content of Phomopsis sp. fraction, anticancer, also apoptotic activity against breast human cancer (MCF-7) and normal (Vero) cell lines. Phomopsis sp. was separated using column chromatography method. Collected fraction was carried out using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) were the lowest LC50 value was tested against MCF-7, Vero cell lines, and evaluated the apoptotic mechanism with acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AE) dye. Compound identified using Liquid Chromatograph-tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Separation using column chromatography resulted in ten fractions (F1-F10). F1 was chosen as the best fraction with LC50 2.33 μg/mL with the BSLT method. F1 then resulted in the antiproliferation method of MCF-7 cell and Vero cell IC50 5.65 μg/mL and 5.21 μg/mL respectively that showed through apoptotic mechanism. A total of 38 active compounds were found in F1. Among the compounds identified, cytosporone c, kynurenic acid, maraniol, (-)-Caryophyllene oxide, and chalcone known as anticancer compounds.
Keyword: Anticancer, apoptosis, breast cancer, Phomopsis sp,, soursop leaves

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: