Judul: Grafting degree Measurement of acrylamide onto polysaccharide using Infrared Spectrometry
Abstrak: Utilization of carbohydrate-based agricultural wastes has been carried out with the manufacture of derivatives by grafting and crosslinking with acrylamide. The success of the process is monitored by setting the levels of nitrogen in the product. This research work is trying to look for possible use of spectrometry Fourier Transform Infrared technique to determine level of nitrogen in the products. Preparation of powder with a reflectance technique gives satisfactory results for grafting product, also for saponified products very satisfactory. ANOVA test of the PLS for each processing the data on IR spectral of the grafted-crosslinked product and its saponified showed a smaller probability value of 0.05, it is indicate the model developed by the independent variable (wave number) is significant effect on nitrogen content at 95% confidence level. Results of Partial Least Square (PLS) model for each treatment to give the coefficient of determination (R2) ranged from 0.961-0.998, it is the model with the wave number of independent variables can predict nitrogen content as well. Results of PLS analysis also provide information that the processing of IR spectrum data does not affect the difference between the predictions and the values of the nitrogen content.
Keyword: 

Judul: Modifikasi selulosa dengan teknik pencangkokan dan penautan silang menggunakan akrilamida
Abstrak: Modification of cellulose was carried out by grafting and crosslinking copolymerization using acrylamide as monomer, N,N’-methylene-bis-acrylamide as crosslinker, and ammonium peroxydisulfate as initiator. The chemical structure of monomer will affect the properties of modified cellulose such as hydrophilic and hydrophobic characters, elasticity, ion exchange capability, absorptivity, and heat resistance. Infrared spectra showed that cellulose has been modified. It could be seen from C=O streching absorption at 1650 cm-1 and –NH2 streching at 3182.55 cm-1. Both absorption peaks indicated that grafting and crosslinking had been carried out. Modified product had been 31–50% grafted. The final product also weighed 69 times higher than its initial weight with percentage of absorbed water to initial sample weight of 6755% after for 24 hours and became 93 times and 9187%, respectively, after 48 hours.
Keyword: 

Judul: Biologi Troides helena helena dan Troides helena hephaestus (Papilionidae) di Penangkaran
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara kepulauan beriklim tropik dengan berbagai tipe habitat dan ekosistem. Kondisi alam Indonesia merupakan habitat yang cocok bagi berbagai fauna termasuk kupu-kupu. Diperkirakan sekitar 4 000 – 5 000 jenis kupu-kupu terdapat di Indonesia. Troides helena merupakan salah satu kupu-kupu yang memiliki kombinasi warna sayap indah dan berukuran besar, sehingga menarik perhatian kolektor kupu-kupu. T. helena termasuk satwa yang diperdagangkan dan telah memasukkan devisa dari subsektor kehutanan Indonesia. Untuk mencegah dari kepunahan karena eksploitasi yang berlebihan, maka pemerintah melindungi T. helena melalui PP No. 7 Tahun 1999. Semua genus Troides masuk dalam daftar Appendix II CITES, sehingga perdagangan jenis ini harus merupakan hasil budi daya di penangkaran.
Keyword: