Judul: Kajian proses degradasi bahan organik limbah cair pada kondisi anaerobik dengan konsentrasi garam tinggi
Abstrak: Waste with high level of salinity is usually difficult for microorganism to degrade because the high level of saliity concentration in the environment or waste can hamper microorganism to reduce organic materials in it. High level of salinity can hamper the function of bacteria metanogen in reducing organic material and asetat acid to become gas or metan. Reduction of sulfate and metabolism H2 may also be hampered in high level of salinity concentration. In ecosystem, anaerobic fermentation can produce CO2, C& and H2S. However, this is hard to do in waste with high level of saliity where there is an acummulation of VFA and H2. Generally, ecosystem with high level of salidity can hamper and limit the growth of bacteria and microorganism. The optimum limit of salinity concentration for vertebrate (Tilapia spp.) is around 10 percent. Above this level, only invertabrate species such as brine shrimp (Artemia salina) or brine tlies, alga genus (Dunaliella salina), bacteria (wich belong to Halobacteriaceae and Haloanaerobiaceae, methanogen, etc.), and cyanobacteria (Oscillatoria spp.) which have been identified. This research was aimed at studying degradation process of organic materials in anaerobic condition with high level of salinity concentration and determining kinetic parameter value for liquid waste with high level of salinity concentration. The main research was conducted with three operation conditions with inoculum as much as 15 % out of total sample volume in which a number treatments in terms of adding salt fiom 0 mgkg (reactor l), 32 mgkg (reactor 2), to 52 mgkg (reactor 3). This research was used some synthetic liquid waste (molases) with inoculum came fiom salt made location. The initial COD content in molases which has been made into liquid is averagely out of two test was 400000 mg/l. The COD content required for this reserach was 4000 mg/l. The analyses conducted were those of COD, MLSS, MLVSS, and gas production. It also analysed caused of addition of trace element and the calculation of kinetic parameter.
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Judul: Konversi sampah organik pasar dengan sistem fermentasi media padat menjadi biogas dan pupuk organik.
Abstrak: In 2010 Indonesia produced 200 thousand tons of waste everyday. It causes problems for the society and for environment. The purposes of this research are to design and get an optimal process condition for solid medium fermentation to convert organic waste from traditional market into bioenergy and organic fertilizer, to characterize biogas, digestate, and leachate. The experiments were conducted with 1.5 L and 10 L reactors . Composition of organic waste from traditonal market that gave higest volume of biogas are banana leaf 7.5%, cornhusk 24.2%, bitter melon 14.8%, cabbage 19.9%, chicory 6.2%, water spinach 8.0%, mustard 8.0%, carrots 11.5% (w/w). It produced 4500 ml biogas/kg biomass and the maximum production was reached within 17 days. This equal to biogas production of 37.63 ml biogas/gram VS. Fermentation process in 10 liter reactor with adition of 75% feed, 50% of feed, and 100% feed produced 12378 ml, 10908 ml, and 16707 ml biogas, respectively leachate consists nitrogen 473-4500 ppm, phosphat 47-150 ppm, and COD 8333-12500 mg/l, while the digestate consists of carbon 28-49%, nitrogen 0.7-1.7%, phosphat 0.2-0.4%, and COD 16000-18000 mg/kg. Concentration of methane in biogas is still low and hence futher experiments needed to increase methane concentration. Keywords : organic waste, biogas, digestate, leachate, solid state fermentation
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Judul: Warna bulu kucing ras Persia : variasi pola warna dan pewarisannya
Abstrak: Kucing Persia merupakan kucing ras yang paling umum dijumpai di Indonesia. Kucing Persia memiliki bulu yang panjang dengan variasi warna bulu yang sangat beragam. Perkawinan yang lebih terarah sangat perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas genetik warna dan pola warna bulu kucing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari variasi warna dan pola warna bulu kucing Persia yang terdapat di Indonesia, yang dilakukan di kantor pusat Cat Fancy Indonesia mulai bulan Oktober 2000 sampai Januari 2001. Data yang digunakan merupakan data pedigree kucing Persia yang tercatat di Cat Fancy Indonesia dari tahun 1997 sampai Oktober 2001 yang terdiri dari 187 jantan dan 258 betina, selain itu juga dilakukan pengamatan langsung kepada tiga penyayang dan breeder kucing yang ada di Bandung. Secara umum tercatat 104 penyayang dan breeder kucing ras di Indonesia, 74,04% terdapat di Jawa Barat dan sisanya (25%) terdapat di daerah Jakarta. Jumlah kucing Persia yang lahir di Indonesia adalah 387 kucing (87,16%), yang terdiri dari 163 (42,12%) jantan dan 224 (57,88%) betina. Jumlah kucing Persia yang diimpor ke Indonesia adalah sebanyak 57 (12,845%) yang terdiri dari 23 (40,35%) jantan dan 34 (59,65%) betina. Jumlah kucing Persia yang terdapat di Jawa Barat (84,14%) lebih banyak dibanding jumlah kucing Persia yang ada di Jakarta (14,86%). Secara umum warna bulu cream (9,01%) dan pola warna solid (34,01%) memiliki persentase tertinggi. Warna cream merupakan warna dilusi dari warna merah (red) yang dapat dihasilkan dari berbagai macam kombinasi warna bulu yang dimiliki tetua sebelumnya, sebagai contoh dari perkawinan tetua yang memiliki warna bulu cream dengan red smoke. Perkawinan antara tetua yang memiliki warna dan pola warna bulu yang tidak murni dapat menghasilkan turunan yang memiliki warna dan pola warna bulu yang bervariasi.
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