Judul: Survival of Vaname Shrimp Given Recombinant Viral Protein Inhibitor Through Feed With Different Frequency Against WSSV Infection
Abstrak: White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) merupakan patogen yang sangat sering menginfeksi udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efektivitas rekombinan viral inhibitor protein (VIP) melalui pakan dengan frekuensi berbeda terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang vaname yang diuji tantang dengan WSSV. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan Agustus-Oktober 2022 di Labroratorium Marikultur, analisis respons imun di Laboratorium Reproduksi dan Genetika Ikan, Departemen Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan secara eksperimental menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Penelitian dilakukan menggunakan empat perlakuan dengan lima ulangan untuk uji tantang. Parameter uji yang diukur yakni tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH), total haemocyte count (THC), dan aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO). Data diolah menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil penelitian ini menunujukkan bahwa pemberian VIP dengan frekuensi setiap hari memberikan hasil terbaik setelah diinfeksikan dengan WSSV yang menghasilkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup mencapai 45,33% dibandingkan (P<0,05) kontrol positif yang memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup terendah yakni 9,33%., White spot syndrome virus (WSSV) is a pathogen that often infects shrimp. This study aims to test the effectiveness of recombinant viral inhibitor protein (VIP) by feeding with different frequencies on the survival rate of vannamei shrimp challenged with WSSV. This research was conducted in August-October 2022 at Mariculture Laboratory, immune response analysis at Fish Reproduction and Genetics Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University. This research was carried out experimentally using a completely randomized design. The study was conducted using four treatments with five replications for the challenge test. The test parameters measured were survival rate (TKH), total haemocyte count (THC), and phenoloxidase (PO) activity. Data were processed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of this study showed that giving VIP with a daily frequency gave the best results after being infected with WSSV which resulted in a survival rate of 45.33% compared to (P<0.05) the positive control which had the lowest survival rate of 9.33%.
Keyword: lethal dose, recombinant, viral inhibitory protein, WSSV

Judul: Aplikasi Rekombinan Viral Inhibitor Protein melalui Pakan Buatan pada Udang Vaname dengan Waktu Berbeda setelah Infeksi WSSV
Abstrak: Salah satu penyakit yang banyak menyerang udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) dan menyebabkan banyak kerugian bagi pembudidaya yaitu penyakit white spot yang disebabkan oleh white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Udang memiliki sistem pertahanan tubuh yang melibatkan viral inhibitor protein (VIP) yang bersifat resistan terhadap WSSV. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja rekombinan VIP pada udang vaname yang diaplikasikan melalui pakan buatan serta menguji waktu pemberian rekombinan VIP yang paling efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Reproduksi dan Genetika Organisme Akuatik, Departemen Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, IPB University. Terdapat lima perlakuan ; K-, K+, VIP1, VIP2, dan VIP3. Prosedur kerja meliputi persiapan wadah, persiapan hewan uji, persiapan inokulum WSSV, pengadaan VIP, pengujian lethal dose 50, uji tantang, dan konfirmasi WSSV. Parameter uji yang diukur pada penelitian ini yaitu tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH), total haemocyte count (THC), dan aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO). Data diolah dengan Microsoft Excel 2019 dan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pemberian VIP satu hari setelah uji tantang memberikan hasil terbaik dengan TKH pada akhir pemeliharaan sebesar 56,6% atau dua kali lebih tinggi daripada kontrol yang tidak diberi VIP. Udang yang diberi perlakuan tersebut juga memiliki THC dan aktivitas PO tertinggi (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya pada akhir pemeliharaan. Dengan demikian pemberian VIP pada waktu yang tepat dapat mengurangi kematian udang vaname akibat infeksi WSSV, Application of Recombinant Viral Inhibitor Protein Through Artificial Feed on White Shrimp with Different Time After WSSV Infection. Supervised by Alimuddin, and Dinar Tri Soelistyowati. One of the many diseases that attack white shrimp and cause many losses in the shrimp industry is white spot disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Shrimp have a body defense system that involves viral inhibitor protein (VIP) which is resistant to WSSV. This study aimed to analyze the performance of recombinant VIP in white shrimp, which was applied through artificial feed, and to evaluate the most effective time to administer recombinant VIP. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University. There are five treatments; K-, K+, VIP1, VIP2, VIP3. The work procedure includes preparation of containers, preparation of test animals, preparation of WSSV inoculum, VIP culture, lethal dose 50 test, challenge test, and confirmation of WSSV. The test parameters measured in this study were Survival Rate (TKH), THC, and Phenoloxidase Activity (PO). Data were processed with Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of this study are that giving VIP one day after the challenge test gave the best results with a survival rate at the end of maintenance of 56.6% or twice as high as non-VIP controls. The treated shrimp also had the highest total hemocyte value and PO activity (p<0.05) compared to other treatments at the end of rearing. Thus, the provision of VIP at the right time can reduce the mortality of vaname shrimp due to WSSV infection.
Keyword: Litopenaeus vannamei, VIP, White shrimp, WSSV

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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