Judul: Sistem Transmisi Multi Hop Pada Data Buoy Tertambat Menggunakan Wireless Sensor Networks.
Abstrak: Data yang real time dan kontinu sangatlah penting dalam memantau perubahan lingkungan sedini mungkin. Agar dapat melakukan pemantauan secara real time dan kontinu maka tidak hanya dibutuhkan instrumen yang dapat mengukur secara akurat, tapi juga dibutuhkan suatu sistem telemetri yang baik. Dalam konteks ini, wireless sensor netwoks (WSN) menawarkan paradigma baru dalam teknik akuisisi data kelautan. Aplikasi WSN dengan standar ZigBee pada wireless personal area network (WPAN) yang diperuntukkan pada layanan data dengan kecepatan rendah dapat diterapkan untuk pengukuran parameter lingkungan laut menggunakan wahana buoy tertambat. Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan wahana buoy tertambat yang mampu mengapung dalam keadaan stabil. Berdasarkan fungsi dan perannya, instrumen terbagi menjadi dua: lima buah instrumen sensor dan sebuah instrumen koordinator. Uji coba dilakukan dengan peletakan instrumen sensor di perairan dengan kedalaman 2 sampai 5 meter dan sebuah instrumen koordinator terletak di darat sebagai base station. Masing-masing instrumen sensor mengukur suhu permukaan laut, menyimpan, dan mentransmisikannya ke sensor lain terdekat dan meneruskan data yang diterima ke sensor berikutnya agar data sampai pada base station. Penggunaan skema transmisi multi hop dengan jumlah maksimal lima hop menunjukkan nilai packet delivery ratio (PDR) sebesar 89.69% hingga 100%. Nilai PDR yang cukup tinggi menunjukkan bahwa instrumen buoy tertambat WSN berbasis modul radio protokol ZigBee dengan mekanisme multi hop berpotensi untuk pengamatan lingkungan perairan pesisir secara real time.
Keyword: instrumen, buoy tertambat, ZigBee, WSN, observasi pantai

Judul: Design, construction and sea trial of buoy system using A-WSN ZigBee protocol for in coastal waters
Abstrak: Ocean observation has become a challenge due to it's vast and rough condition. Limited access and unpredictable weather makes the ocean observation require a good plan. Understanding about the sea and its phenomenon is a key factor for many fields including climatology, fisheries, port management, coastal management, national resilience, public health institution, environmental assessment, and oil and gas company. Coastal ecosystem consisting of estuary, mangrove and seagrass are the ecosystem which has high primary productivity and many ecological functions. Each component in coastal ecosystem is closely related. Human activity put stress on this environment and makes it very fragile. Mooring buoy has been used as one of the options to monitor ocean autonomously. In this study, the instruments and telemetry system are installed in a specially designed buoy for automatic sampling. Mooring buoy has succeed in global climate study, for example is TAO/TRITON bouy. However the big dimension in the existing buoy system is not suitable for coastal ecosystem monitoring. Energy efficient system in Aerial Wireless Sensor Network (A-WSN) is applicable for coastal ecosystem monitoring buoy system. A small-size instrument, low cost, and durable can become ideal solution for a mooring buoy system, and also has advantage in term of spatial and temporal resolution. This research aim is to develop six mooring buoy instrument based on A-WSN ZigBee protocol for monitoring sea surface temperature. The design and construction of buoy platform has shown good stability both in static and dynamic test. The remaining 6 kg carrying capacity of the buoy is available from total 23 kg buoyancy for additional instrument. A-WSN performance shows 100% successful in data transmitting for static test. Dynamic test shows good performance with 100% success ratio for R1, 99.91% for R2, 84.94% for E1, 99.57% for E2, and 100% for E3. Power consumption analysis has been done for battery endurance test. The results are 39.7 hours for coordinator, 39.8 hours for router, and 87.8 hours for end device. The sea trial of the buoy shown a good performance for sea surface temperature monitoring in Panggang Island, Seribu Islands
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Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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