Judul: Genetic Characteristic of Giant Featherback (Chitala lopis) from Sumatra and Borneo using COI Gene
Abstrak: Ikan belida (Chitala lopis) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan air tawar yang memiliki nilai ekonomis tinggi di Indonesia. Ikan belida merupakan ikan konsumsi dan ikan hias karena tampilannya unik. Adanya aktivitas penangkapan (overfishing) dan perubahan lingkungan maupun kerusakan lingkungan perairan, dapat menyebabkan kelestarian ikan ini terancam punah. Salah satu upaya untuk menjaga kelestrian, yaitu dengan upaya konservasi genetik berdasarkan analisis gen mtDNA. Salah satu gen mtDNA yang sering digunakan yaitu gen Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I (COI), karena banyak digunakan sebagai DNA barcoding, identifikasi spesies, karakterisasi, pengelompokan spesies dari berbagai taksa dan menentukan sebaran populasi hewan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji karakteristik genetik ikan Belida (Chitala lopis) dari sebaran pulau Sumatra dan Kalimantan berdasarkan gen COI DNA Mitokondria. Sebanyak 10 individu ikan belida (Lampung 3, Riau 1, Kalimantan Barat 3, Kalimantan Selatan 3) digunakan dalam penelitian ini serta tambahan 3 sekuens pembanding (ingroup dan outgroup) dari GenBank. Analisis yang digunakan meliputi perhitungan jarak genetik, variasi nukleotida, polimorfisme, dan rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menggunakan software MEGA 7.0. Hasil produk PCR dari 10 sampel ikan belida diperoleh sekuens dengan Panjang 707 pb. Hasil BLAST-n menunjukan percent identity 97.60% – 99.15% dengan nilai query cover sebesar 100% untuk semua sampel. Karakter gen COI ikan belida menunjukan hasil situs konservatif sebesar 687 pb (97.17%), situs variasi 20 pb (2.83%), situs parsimoni 17 pb (2.40%), dan singleton 2 pb (0.28%). Ditemukannya 13 situs polimorfisme bervariasi atau Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) pada populasi Sumatra dan Kalimantan. Sampel Kalimantan memiliki dua situs nukleotida spesifik geografik yang membedakan dengan sampel Sumatra. Kalimantan Barat memiliki dua situs nukleotida spesifik. Pada sampel Kalimantan Selatan menunjukan nukleotida spesifik yang lebih bervariasi dengan 9 situs nukleotida spesifik. Berdasarkan jarak genetik, perbedaan terbesar terletak pada sampel Kalimantan Selatan (1.63%) dibandingkan dengan semua sampel. Hasil rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menunjukan bahwa sampel Kalimantan Selatan berada pada group yang berbeda. Sampel Kalimantan Barat menunjukan kekerabatan lebih dekat dengan group Sumatra.
Keyword: Belida, COI, DNA Barcode, SNP

Judul: Variasi Gen Cyt b Mitokondria pada ikan belida
Abstrak: Knife fish is freshwater fish belonging to the Notopteridae famili distributed across India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Thailand and western part of Indonesia. This fish is very popular for consumption and ornamental fish. Studies of freshwater fishes, especially in the protected freshwater fish form is an important aspect of biogeographical studies, because they do not disperse easily through saltwater areas, and thus their evolution may be tightly linked to the geological histories. This study aimed to analyze cyt b gene sequence variation of knife fish from the Mahakam River (Borneo) and Indragiri River (Sumatra) as a base for studying their population and phylogenetic position. Samples of 38 fish samples taken from two rivers, nine samples from the Mahakam River and 29 samples from the Indragiri River. Cyt b gene amplification succeeded in seven samples (KALTIM02, TU02, TU06, TU07, KCO001, KCO005, dan PP03). Phylogeny analysis performed using Kimura-2-parameter based on the first two bases of each codon and amino acid. Both topography show that six samples are in the same clade with Chitala lopis, whereas one sample of the Indragiri River separate from the other. The knife fish from Indragiri River have higher diversity than Mahakam River and closest intrapopulation relationship found in Mahakam River population.
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Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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