Judul: Patomorfologi Terinduksi Doxorubicin Toksistas Testis Pada Tikus
Abstrak: Mangrove merupakan tumbuhan berkayu yang menempati habitat pada daerah yang tergenang air pasang secara periodik. Perubahan iklim yang sedang terjadi dikhawatirkan berdampak pada ekosistem mangrove yang ada di sekitar Kepulauan Karimun Jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi serta memetakan variabel dan kerentanan SES mangrove di Pulau Kemujan dan Pulau Karimun, Kepulauan Karimun Jawa, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November 2022 di Pulau Kemujan dan Pulau Karimun, Kepulauan Karimun Jawa, Kabupaten Jepara, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama 20 hari. Data primer diperoleh melalui teknik metode participatory mapping dan participatory data collection. Keterkaitan variabel SES mangrove di Kepulauan Karimun Jawa, Provinsi Jawa Tengah memiliki hubungan yang kuat antara Resource Governance dengan Resource System. Keterkaitan variabel SES dan variabel kerentanan SES mengindikasikan bahwa masyarakat dan ekosistem mangrove di Kepulauan Karimun Jawa pada kategori rentan terhadap ancaman perubahan iklim., Doxorubicin, a well-known chemotherapy drug with cytotoxic effects on various cancer cells has raised concerns about its potential harm to normal tissues, especially the male reproductive system. This investigation examines the pathomorphological changes induced by doxorubicin in rodent testes. Male rats were divided into two groups: one received weekly intraperitoneal injections of doxorubicin at 4 mg/kg body weight for four weeks (total dose: 16 mg/kg), while the other received an equivalent volume of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution as a control. After the treatment period, the rats were euthanized, and their testes were carefully dissected for histopathological examination. The analysis revealed significant changes in the doxorubicin-treated group compared to the control group. These changes included seminiferous tubule degeneration, disruption of tissue architecture, and a decrease in spermatogenic cell populations, including spermatogonia, spermatocytes, and spermatids. These findings suggest that doxorubicin administration in rodents causes testicular toxicity through oxidative stress mechanisms. In summary, this study shows how doxorubicin affects rat testes, underscoring its potential harm to male reproductive health. More research is needed to find ways to prevent doxorubicin-induced testicular toxicity.
Keyword: connectivity, Karimun Jawa, mangrove, social-ecological system, vulnerability

Judul: Pemeriksaan Histopatologi Cardiotoxicity Yang Diinduksi Jantung Pada Tikus Yang Diobati Dengan Doxorubicin Dan Cyclophosphamide
Abstrak: Cyclophosphamide is classified as an alkylating agent, whereas doxorubicin belongs to the anthracycline class, both of which are commonly employed chemotherapy drugs. Previous research has established that the choice of chemotherapy medications significantly impacts the development of cardiotoxicity. Myocarditis, characterized by inflammation of the myocardium, adversely affects the heart's electrical system and muscle cells, leading to impaired blood pumping capabilities. Consequently, the heart becomes more susceptible to clot formation, ultimately resulting in cardiac failure. The objective of this study was to observe, compare, and describe the lesions induced by two distinct chemotherapeutic drugs in rat models, utilizing normal heart tissue as the control. Routine Hematoxyline- Eosin (HE) staining was employed for histopathological assessments. Subsequently, the histopathological images were analysed descriptively and statistically using appropriate methods. The findings revealed that the diameter of myocardial cells remained unaffected by both doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide treatments, in comparison to the normal-control group. Histopathologically, both doxorubicin- and cyclophosphamide-treated groups exhibited multiple necrotic myocardial cells and focal infiltrations of mononuclear cells, predominantly macrophages and lymphocytes, between the myocardial cells. Furthermore, distinct pathological differences were observed between the doxorubicin- and cyclophosphamide-treated groups, with cyclophosphamide toxicity additionally presenting with pericarditis alongside myocarditis, in contrast to doxorubicin toxicity. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that the type of chemotherapeutic drugs employed leads to variations in the resulting lesions.
Keyword: Cardiotoxicity, chemotherapy, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, myocarditis

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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