Judul: Design Of stbilizing pro-farmer controls of rice field conversion at special zones in Central Jawa Province
Abstrak: The Special Zone (Kawasan Andalan) in Central Java Province that was intended to accelerate the process of economic growth has caused the conversion of rice fields. There are worries that this phenomena will disturb the food selfsufficiency of the zone, and in the end this will disturb self-sufficiency and food sufficiency throughout Indonesia. Because of these risks, research on this subject is needed. Research has the goals to: 1) Analyze the rate of rice field conversion in the Special Zone, 2) Analyze the influence of rice field conversion and other variables on the availability of rice and the transformation of farmers’ livelihoods in the Special Zone, 3) Analyze the influence of land rents, the dependency on farm labor, the age and education of heads of households, as well as the behavior of farmers towards rice field conversion in the Special Zone, 4) Design a profarmer way to control the converstion of rice fields in the Special Zone. The results of this research indicate that: 1) Rice field conversion from 1991 to 2006 was in the amount of 63,892.60 Ha. The rate of rice field conversion was 4,259.51 Ha per year (0.82% per year). 2) The conversion of rice fields had a negative impact towards rice sufficiency in the zone, while the contribution of the agricultural sector to the Regional Gross Domestic Product and the growth of the economy had a positive influence on the availability of rice in the zone. The converstion of rice fields and economic growth both had a positive influence on the transformation of livelihoods, while the agricultural sector of the Regional Gross Domestic Product had a negative influence on livelihood transformations. 3) Land rent, dependency on farm labor, the age and education of heads of households all had a negative influence on land conversion. The behavior of farmers who converted rice fields was directly influenced by motivation and attitude. Variables related to abilities, level of information about rice field conversion, cultural orientation, and perceptions all had indirect influences on the behavior of farmers in converting rice fields. 4) The control of rice field conversion that gives priority to poor families in the Special Zone of Central Java Province will be successful if the farmers receive several guarantees, including: a) availability of water for farming, b) a market for their rice, c) inexpensive and easy-to-obtain farming inputs, d) free property taxes on rice land, e) consolidated rice field management, f) changes in farmer behavior, g) an increase in non-farm income, and h) diversification to foods other than rice
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Judul: Dampak Konversi Lahan Sawah di Jawa dan Luar Jawa terhadap Ketersediaan dan Akses Pangan Nasional
Abstrak: To ensure sustainable food availability and accessibility in Indonesia, it is needed the policy that could reduce the persistent wetland conversion in Java that tends to incerase, since Java has been contribution of 60 percent of national rice. This study disaggregated into Jawa and outside Java. The purposes of this study are at: (1) analyzing the factors affecting wetland conversion in Java and outside Java, (2) analyzing the impacts of wetland conversion in Java and outside Java on national food availability and accessibility, (3) analyzing the impact of economic policies implementation in agricultural sector on national food availability and accessibility, as well as on changing of welfare indicators. The model specification was done that included dynamic simultaneous equations which consisted of 19 behavioral equations and 22 identities, model identification performed by using the order condition criteria, while model estimation conducted by employing 2-SLS method. The results of study indicated that wetland conversion has had been compensated by import. Therefore, decreased food availability and accessibility per capita were under-estimated. Price policy became ineffective if at the same time the government also ran import rice policy. The mix policies implementation through instruments: increased the real price of unhusked rice of by 15 percent, decreased the real price of Urea fertilizer of by 10 percent and decreased import quotas of by 37.5 percent were considered as the best policy when wetland conversion increased by 1 percent. This mix policy has positive impact both on producers (farmers) and government; except for consumer. Development of economic region that still focused in Java should be directed to the outside Java in order to reduce the persistent wetland conversion by implementing locally specific policies.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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