Judul: Physical and Organoleptics Characteristics of Broiler Chicken Carcases Given Feed Containing Garlic (Allium sativum)
Abstrak: Bawang putih (Allium sativum) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman yang memiliki kandungan senyawa aktif yang dapat menggantikan fungsi dari antibiotik sintetik dan senyawa allicin yang bersifat antibakteri dapat memengaruhi kualitas fisik, kimia dan biologis daging ayam broiler. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis karakteristik fisik dan organoleptik karkas ayam broiler dengan pemberian pakan yang mengandung bawang putih. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 pengulangan. Peubah yang diamati dalam penelitian ini yaitu pH, kadar air, aktivitas air (aw), keempukan, warna, rasa, aroma, dan tekstur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan perlakuan bawang putih pada pakan ayam broiler saat pemeliharaan berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap pH, keempukan dan warna, tetapi tidak berpengaruh secara nyata terhadap kadar air, aktivitas air (aw), rasa, aroma dan tekstur daging dada ayam broiler., Garlic (Allium sativum) was a type of plant contains active compounds that can replace the function of synthetic antibiotics and allicin compounds which are antibacterial that can affect the physical, chemical and biological qualities of broiler chicken. The purpose of this study was to analyze the physical and organoleptic characteristics of broiler carcasses with feed containing garlic inside. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. The variables observed in this study were pH, ater content, water activity (aw), tenderness, color, taste, aroma, and texture. The result showed that the addition of garlic treatment to broiler chicken feed during rearing had a significant effect on pH, tenderness and color but had no significant effect on water content, water activity (aw), taste, scent, and texture of broiler chicken’s breast.
Keyword: broiler chicken, garlic, organoleptic, physical characteristic

Judul: Effects of Garlic Supplementation (Allium sativum) as a Feed  Additive on Broiler Chicken Performance: A Non-Experimental Study
Abstrak: Bawang putih merupakan feed additive alami yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan ayam broiler. Kajian non eksperimental ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan bawang putih (Allium sativum) terhadap performa ayam broiler, dengan mengintegrasikan data dari berbagai studi terkait menggunakan model matematis analisis regresi, sebanyak 23 literatur dari tahun 2007-2020 diperoleh 56 data perlakuan yang ditabulasi pada microsoft excel 2019 dengan peubah pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, feed conversion ratio (FCR), dan tingkat kematian (mortalitas), kemudian data yang telah ditabulasi disamakan satuannya dan dianalisis menggunakan software IBM SPSS versi 25, didapatkan hasil bahwa dosis pemberian bawang putih yang paling baik pada ayam broiler strain lohman adalah 1%, cobb 0.1%, shaver starbo 0.5%, ross 3%, hubbard 1%, arian 1%, arbor acres 3%. Bawang putih (Allium sativum) mengandung senyawa aktif seperti allicin, allil, dan diallyl sulfide yang mampu menghambat pertumbuhan beberapa jenis mikroba dan meningkatkan metabolisme pada ayam. Sehingga bawang putih dapat dijadikan sebagai feed additive alami yang dapat meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan (PBB) dan konsumsi pakan, menurunkan feed conversion ratio (FCR), tanpa meningkatkan angka kematian (mortalitas) yang signifikan terhadap seluruh strain ayam broiler., Garlic is a natural feed additive that can increase the growth of broiler chickens. This non-experimental study was conducted to evaluate the use of garlic (Allium sativum) on the performance of broiler chickens, by integrating data from various related studies using mathematical models of regression analysis, as many as 23 literature from 2007-2020 obtained 56 treatment data tabulated in microsoft excel 2019 with weight gain change, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and mortality rate , then the data that has been tabulated likened units and analyzed using IBM SPSS software version 25, obtained the results that the best dose of garlic administration in broiler chicken strain lohman is 1%, cobb 0.1%, shaver starbo 0.5%, ross 3%, hubbard 1%, arian 1%, arbor acres 3%. Garlic (Allium sativum) contains active compounds such as allicin, allyl, and diallyl sulfide that are able to inhibit the growth of certain types of microbes and increase metabolismin chickens. So that garlic can be used as a natural feed additive that can increase weight gain (PBB) and feed consumption, lower feed conversion ratio (FCR), without increasing mortality significantly to all strains of broiler chicken.
Keyword: Allium sativum, broiler chicken performance, feed additives, non-experimental studies

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: