Judul: Penggunaan Mikroflora Saluran Pencernaan sebagai Probiotik untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Kelangsungan Hidup Ikan Bandeng (Chanos chanos Forsskal)
Abstrak: Peranan mikroflora pada saluran pencernaan ikan dan aplikasinya dalam budi daya perairan belum banyak diteliti dan dilaporkan, khususnya di Indonesia masih belum ditemukan. Namun demikian, pada manusia dan hewan sudah dibuat suatu produk yang telah dikomersilkan yang dikenal dengan istilah “Probiotik”. Berdasarkan berbagai peran probiotik, penggunaannya sebagai feed additive merupakan alternatif pemecahan permasalahan yang dihadapi pada budi daya ikan bandeng secara intensif. Pemasalahan pertama adalah ketergantungan usaha pembenihan pada pakan alami akibat rendahnya kemampuan larva ikan bandeng memanfaatkan pakan buatan sehingga berdampak pada ketersediaan benih. Permasalahan kedua adalah harga pakan buatan yang relatif mahal akibat kandungan protein yang tinggi terutama yang berasal dari tepung ikan.
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Judul: Application Bacillus cereus BR2 Probiotic into Feed on Growth Performance and Stress Response of Milkfish Juvenile (Chanos chanos)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis aplikasi probiotik Bacillus cereus BR2 dalam pakan terhadap kinerja pertumbuhan dan respons stres pada benih ikan bandeng (Chanos chanos). Ikan uji berukuran 0,0143 ± 0,002 g dengan panjang 13,9 ± 0,97 mm dan diberi pakan yang telah diperkaya dengan probiotik kepadatan berbeda. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu K (pakan tanpa penambahan probiotik), P1 (Bacillus cereus BR2 10^4 CFU/mL ), P2 (Bacillus cereus BR2 10^6 CFU/mL), dan P3 (Bacillus cereus BR2 10^8 CFU/mL). Hasil penelitian terbaik diperoleh dari perlakuan pakan dengan penambahan probiotik Bacillus cereus BR2 kepadatan 10^8 CFU/mL. Hasil sintasan, laju pertumbuhan harian, pertumbuhan bobot mutlak, dan pertumbuhan panjang mutlak setelah pemberian pakan dengan penambahan probiotik Bacillus cereus BR2 kepadatan 10^8 CFU/mL berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kontrol. Hasil uji stres perlakuan pakan dengan penambahan probiotik Bacillus cereus BR2 kepadatan 10^8 CFU/mL yaitu ikan adaptif terhadap stres perubahan salinitas (15 g/L dan 35 g/L) selama 48 jam dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup mencapai 100,00 ± 0,00% dan ikan adaptif terhadap stres kelaparan selama 7 hari dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup mencapai 50,00 ± 0,00% merupakan hasil terbaik dibandingkan kontrol. Hasil pengukuran histologis panjang vili pada perlakuan pakan dengan penambahan probiotik Bacillus cereus BR2 kepadatan 10^8 CFU/mL (66,56±11,33 μm) merupakan hasil terbaik dibandingkan dengan kontrol (36,80±12,11 μm).
Keyword: Bacillus cereus BR2, Chanos chanos, growth performance, stress response

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite