Judul: Struktur Komunitas di Perairan Pantai Batu Namprak, Sukabumi, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari struktur komunits rumput laut pada daerah intertidal Batu Namprak Sukabumi, Jawa Barat yang meliputi komposisi jenis, penutupan dan kepadatan serta kaitannya dengan faktor-faktor lingkungan yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian dilakukan selama 2 bulan. Pengamatan dilakukan pada pagi dan siang hari saat surut melalui observasi visual "in situ" dan pengambilan contoh menurut garis transek dan plot kuadrat (50x50 cm). garis transek ditentukan tegak lurus pantai ke arah tubir. Pada setiap lima meter sepanjang garis transek tersebut diambil sampel rumput laut pada are plot (50x50 cm), selanjutnya dicatat pula penutupan rumput laut, subtrat dasar serta kedalaman air. Pemeriksaan sampel dilakukan dengan cara sortasi berdasarkan marga dan penimbangan berat (bobot) basah
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Judul: Struktur komunitas fitoplankton di Perairan Pantai Ujung Karawang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Keadaan suatu lingkungan seperti perairan pesisir diketahui dengan cara menganalisis faktor yang terkandung didalamnya, meliputi kelompok organisme yang saling berkaitan dan berinteraksi satu dan lainnya dengan lingkungan abiotiknya. Adapun kelompok organisme yang banyak kaitannya dengan kehidupan wilayah pesisir adalah pankton, khususnya fitoplankton. Mengingat hal tersebut maka diperlukan informasi tentang struktur komunitas fitoplankton yang dapat menggam- barkan stabilitas dan perubahan lingkungan perairan. Penelitian ini bertujuan: (1) mempelajari kelimpahan, komposisi, keanekaragaman, struktur komunitas fitoplankton dan stabilitas ekosistem, serta (2) mempelajari perubahan struktur komunitas dalam hubungannya dengan perubahan kualitas perairan. Penelitian ini berlangsung selama 2 bulan dari tanggal 5 Mei 30 Juni 1993, di Pantai Ujung Karawang, Jawa Barat. Stasiun pengambilan contoh ditentukan sebanyak 22 stasiun, yang dilakukan 4 kali yaitu pada saat pasang naik (sampling ke-1 dan ke-4) dan pada saat pasang surut (sampling ke-2 dan ke-3). Parameter fisika-kimia perairan yang diukur meliputi suhu perairan, TSS, salinitas, DO, BOD, COD, NO₂-N, NO3-N, pH, NH4-N dan PO4-P. Sedangkan parameter biologi adalah fitoplankton. Analisis data biologi dilakukan dengan menghitung kelimpahan, indek keragaman, indek keseragaman, indek dominasi serta pendekatan dengan model suksesi ekosistem dan model grafik Frontier. Untuk menentukan kesamaan antar stasiun digunakan indek Bray-Curtis dan indek Canberra. Adapun untuk mengetahui tingkat pengaruh faktor fisika-kimia terhada keadaan biologi (fitoplankton) perairan dilakukan dengan analisis..dst
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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