Judul: Aktivitas Antidiabetes Ekstrak Kulit Buah Salak Manonjaya dengan Ikan Zebra (Danio rerio) sebagai Hewan Model.
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan menentukan fraksi aktif dan profil senyawa aktif pada ekstrak kulit buah salak manonjaya yang berperan sebagai antidiabetes serta menentukan aktivitas antidiabetes menggunakan hewan uji berupa ikan zebra. Kulit buah diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70% kemudian difraksionasi menggunakan n-heksana, etil asetat dan metanol. Fraksi aktif adalah fraksi etil asetat dengan rendemen tertinggi 0.94%, kadar fenolik total tertinggi 1087 mg ekivalen asam galat/g ekstrak, kadar flavonoid total tertinggi 150 mg ekuivalen kuersetin/g ekstrak, penghambatan α-glukosidase paling kuat berdasarkan persen inhibisi 64.43% dan yang memberikan spot teraktif sebagai inhibitor α-glukosidase. Profil senyawa aktif yang berperan sebagai senyawa antidiabetes ialah flavonoid dari golongan glikosilflavon dan flavon. Aktivitas antidiabetes menggunakan ikan zebra, menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak kulit buah salak manonjaya dari ekstrak kasar etanol dan fraksi etil asetat dapat menurunkan kadar gula darah ikan zebra yang diinduksi dengan aloksan.
Keyword: fraksionasi, ikan zebra, inhibitor α-glukosidase, KLT bioautografi

Judul: Penghambatan α-Glukosidase, Kadar Fenolik dan Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Kulit dan Daging Buah Salak Beberapa Varietas.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase ekstrak kulit dan daging buah salak berbagai varietas yang berperan sebagai antidiabetes melalui kromatografi lapis tipis bioautografi serta menentukan kadar fenolik dan flavonoid totalnya. Kadar fenolik, flavonoid, dan penghambatan α-glukosidase ditentukan menggunakan mikropelat 96-sumur. Kulit dan daging buah salak diekstraksi dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut etanol 70%. Daya inhibisi terhadap enzim α-glukosidase tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak kulit Manonjaya dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 17.9 μg/mL. Kadar fenolik tertinggi terdapat pada ekstrak kulit salak Mawar sebesar 186.15 ± 1.66 (mg ekuivalen asam galat/g ekstrak). Kadar flavonoid total tertinggi diperoleh pada ekstrak ekstrak kulit salak Malaka sebesar 7.43 ± 0.04 (mg ekuivalen kuersetin/g ekstrak). Pola kromatografi lapis tipis ekstrak kulit dan daging buah salak menggunakan pelarut butanol:asam asetat glasial:air (6:2:2) menghasilkan spot aktif sebanyak 4 spot pada ekstrak kulit buah salak dan 2 spot pada ekstrak daging buah salak.
Keyword: fenolik total, flavonoid total, inhibitor α-glukosidase, KLT bioautograf

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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