Judul: Penerapan Metode SARIMA Intervensi dalam Peramalan Jumlah Penumpang Kereta Api di Pulau Jawa
Abstrak: Peramalan merupakan metode analisis statistik yang digunakan untuk mengetahui fenomena yang terjadi di masa depan. Salah satu metode peramalan untuk data berpola musiman adalah SARIMA. Pola data deret waktu biasanya mengalami perubahan pada pola rataan yang terjadi di luar dugaan. Peristiwa tersebut dinamakan Intervensi. Pandemi Covid-19 memberikan dampak negatif pada sektor transportasi darat jarak jauh, salah satunya yaitu transportasi kereta api. Jumlah penumpang kereta api setiap tahun cenderung mengalami kenaikan dan membentuk pola musiman, namun adanya pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan terjadinya penurunan penumpang diluar dugaan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menerapkan dan mengevaluasi metode SARIMA Intervensi yang terbentuk serta meramalkan jumlah penumpang kereta api di Pulau Jawa. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian memiliki periode bulanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model sebelum Intervensi adalah SARIMA (0,1,1)(0,1,0) dengan nilai BIC 995,1037 sedangkan model Intervensi terbaik adalah SARIMA (0,1,1)(0,1,0) b = 0, s = 3, r = 1 dengan nilai BIC 1685,2870. Bentuk interensi yang digunakan pada data jumlah penumpang kereta api periode April 2013 – Maret 2022 adalah fungsi step. Nilai MAPE yang dihasilkan model sebelum Intervensi dan saat Intervensi masing-masing sebesar 2,0081% dan 33,8308%., Forecasting is a method of statistical analysis used to determine phenomena that occur in the future. One of the forecasting methods for data with a seasonal pattern is the SARIMA. Time series data patterns usually experience changes to the average pattern that occur unexpectedly. This event is called Intervention. The Covid-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on the long-distance land transportation sector, one of which is rail transportation. The number of train passengers every year tends to increase and forms a seasonal pattern, but the Covid-19 pandemic has caused an unexpected decrease in passengers. The purpose of this study is to apply and to evaluate the SARIMA Intervention method that was build, and to predict the number of train passengers on the island of Java. The data used in the study has a monthly period. The results showed that the model before the intervention was SARIMA (0,1,1)(0,1,0) with a BIC value of 995,1037 while the best intervention model was SARIMA (0,1,1)(0,1,0) b = 0, s = 3, r = 1 with a BIC value of 1685,2870. The form of intervention used in data on the number of train passengers for the period April 2013 – March 2022 is the step function. The MAPE values generated by the model before the intervention and during the intervention were 2,0081% and 33,8308%, respectively.
Keyword: BIC, Fungsi Step, MAPE, SARIMA Intervensi

Judul: Forecasting the Number of PT Kereta Api Indonesia Passengers Using Long Short-Term Memory Algorithm.
Abstrak: Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) telah menjadi pandemi yang mengerikan. Pandemi ini berdampak pada berbagai sektor, tidak terkecuali PT Kereta Api Indonesia. Berdasarkan data dari laman Badan Pusat Statistika (BPS) pada Maret 2020 penumpang kereta api menurun sebesar 83,50% dari tahun sebelumnya. Untuk mengetahui waktu banyaknya penumpang kembali normal diperlukan peramalan. Salah satu metode peramalan yang paling populer adalah peramalan deret waktu. Algoritma deep learning Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) adalah salah satu algoritma dalam machine learning yang dapat digunakan untuk meramalkan data deret waktu yang terinspirasi dari struktur otak manusia (neural network) dan dikembangkan berdasarkan algoritma Recurrent Neural Network (RNN). Tujuan penelitian ini meramalkan banyaknya penumpang PT Kereta Api Indonesia hingga Desember tahun 2023, serta mengidentifikasi kemampuan algoritma LSTM dalam mengenali perubahan pola data yang diakibatkan pandemi COVID-19 dengan menggunakan data banyaknya penumpang kereta api yang diperoleh dari laman www.bps.go.id. Penelitian ini menggunakan algoritma LSTM dengan parameter window size sebesar 1, 12, dan 24. Model terbaik dipilih berdasarkan nilai Root Mean Square Error (RMSE). Model dengan window size 12 yang nilai RMSE-nya 789,51 merupakan model terbaik yang didapatkan. Model ini cukup baik karena nilai RMSE-nya lebih kecil daripada nilai simpangan bakunya. Hasil peramalan menunjukkan adanya peningkatan banyaknya penumpang hingga akhir periode peramalan yaitu Desember 2023.
Keyword: COVID-19, Deep Learning, Forecasting, Long Short-Term Memory, Time Series

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell