Judul: Application of GDFP and GMiP on Smallholder Dairy Farms in Tajurhalang Village Cijeruk Sub-district Bogor District West Java
Abstrak: Produksi susu di Indonesia hanya mampu memenuhi sekitar 22% dari kebutuhan susu nasional sedangkan sisanya berasal dari impor. Susu berkualitas baik dan aman dikonsumsi diproduksi dari peternakan yang mengaplikasikan manajemen pemerahan dan manajemen sanitasi yang baik. Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) merupakan pedoman budidaya ternak sapi perah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas suatu usaha peternakan sapi perah. Penerapan Good Milking Practice (GMiP) pada peternakan dapat menciptakan proses pemerahan yang higienis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penerapan GDFP dan GMiP di Peternakan rakyat sapi perah di Desa Tajurhalang, Kecamatan Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Jumlah responden yang diwawancarai sebanyak 38 peternak. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Desa Tajurhalang. Hasil evaluasi penerapan GDFP di Desa Tajurhalang menunjukkan nilai rataan 3,47 (baik) dan hasil evaluasi penerapan GMiP menunjukkan nilai rataan 2,92 (cukup baik). Produksi susu rata- rata di Desa Tajurhalang yaitu sekitar 10,51 Liter ekor-1 hari-1. Perlu adanya peningkatan pada beberapa aspek agar nilai GDFP dan GMiP meningkat., Milk production level in Indonesia only able to fulfill approximately 22% of national milk needs while the rest are imported. Good quality and safe to consume milks are produced by farms that apply good milking management and good sanitation. Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) is a guideline for dairy farming which aims to increase productivity of dairy farming business. Application of Good Milking Practice (GMiP) on farm can create hygienic milking process. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the application of GDFP and GMiP on smallholder dairy farms in Tajurhalang Village, Cijeruk Sub-district, Bogor District, West Java. The number of respondents that has been interviewed are 38 farmer. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis to describe the condition of smallholder dairy farms in Tajurhalang Village. The result of the evaluation of GDFP in Tajurhalang Village show an average value of 3,47 (good) and the evaluation of GMiP show an average value of 2,92 (good enough). Average milk production in Tajurhalang Village is ±10,51 Liter heads-1 day-1. Improvements are needed in several aspects so the value of GDFP and GMiP could increase.
Keyword: Cijeruk, Dairy cow, Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP), Good Milking Practice (GMiP), Smallholder farms

Judul: GDFP and GMiP on Dairy Cattle Farms on a Scale of 10 Heads Dairy Cows Lactation in the Farm Business Area of Bogor Dictrict
Abstrak: Sapi perah merupakan sapi penghasil susu. Sapi perah yang banyak dijumpai di Indonesia merupakan sapi perah bangsa Friesian Holstein (FH). Keberhasilan dalam beternak sapi perah erat kaitannya dengan manajemen pemeliharaan juga manajemen pemerahan yang dilakukan oleh peternak. Penelitian ini mengethaui penerapan Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) dan Good Milking Practice (GMiP) di Kawasana Usaha Peternakan (KUNAK) Kabupaten Bogor. Penerapan GDFP meliputi aspek pembibitan dan reproduksi, pakan dan air minum, pengelolaan, kandang dan peralatan, kesehatan ternak serta aspek kesejahteraan ternak. Penerapan GMiP meliputi aspek sebelum, saat, setelah pemerahan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mewawancarai 30 peternak dalam 14 peternakan dengan populasi sapi perah 10 ekor betina laktasi. Data dianalisis deskriptif dan disimpulkan sesuai poin-poin yang telah diberi skor 4,3,2,1,0. Aspek GDFP yang sudah diterapkan dengan baik yaitu aspek pembibitan dan repoduksi, manajemen pakan dan air minum serta kesejahteraan hewan. Aspek GMiP yang sudah diterapkan cukup baik yaitu pada proses sebelum dan setelah pemerahan. Rata-rata produksi susu di peternakan KUNAK Kabupaten Bogor sebesar 10,9 L., Dairy cows are cows that produce milk. Friesian Holstein (FH) is on of the dairy cows that are found in Indonesia. Success in raising dairy cows is closely related to husbandry and milking management conducted by farmers. This study evaluated the application of Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) and Good Milking Practice (GMiP) in the Farm Business Area of Bogor District. GDFP implementation includes aspects of breeding and reproduction, feed and drinking water management, management, housing and equipment, animal health also animal welfare. GMiP implementation includes before, during, and after milking. The study was conducted by interviewing 30 farmers in 14 farms with a population of 10 heads lactating dairy cows. Data were analyzed descriptively and summarized accordance of points that have been given a score of 4,3,2,1,0. GDFP aspects that have been implemented well that aspects of breeding and reproduction, aspects of feed and drinking water management, and aspect of animal welfare. GMiP aspects that have been implemented is good enough in the process before and after milking. Milk production averge in KUNAK farm of Bogor District was 10,9 L.
Keyword: dairy cows, descriptive analysis, GDFP, GMiP

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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