Judul: Community of Superfamily Papilionoidea Butterflies at Nature Educational Conservation Centre Bodogol, Sukabumi, West Java
Abstrak: Changes of habitats which functioned as butterfly habitat have implicated to butterfly abundance. Aim of this research was to study Papilionoidea butterfly diversity based on habitat types i.e heterogenous, coniferous forest, and agricultural land. Observations of butterflies were conducted from July to December 2010 by scan sampling method. `Data were analyzed by using Shannon diversity index, equitability, Sorensen similarity, relative density, and frequency of occurance. Data were also shown in biplot using Principle Component Analysis and Correspondence Analysis. Result showed that as many as 132 species from 3864 individuals of butterflies the species were recorded into 4 families i.e Lycaenidae (21 species), Nymphalidae (80 species), Papilionidae (15 species), and Pieridae (17 species) were recorded. Diversity of butterflies at heterogeneous forest was highest, followed by agricultural land and coniferous forest. Similarity of butterflies between heterogenous and coniferous forest was 74%, between heterogenous forest and the agricultural land was 64%, and between coniferous forest and agricultural land was 70%. Family Nymphalidae has a higher density in heterogenous and coniferous forest. Whereas Papilionidae, Lycaenidae, and Pieridae were dominant in agricultural land. Heterogenous and coniferous forest were characterized by high humidity and lower temperature, light intensity and wind speed. Agricultural land was characterized by lower humidity and higher temperature, light intensity, and wind speed.
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Judul: Butterfly Community of Superfamily Papilionoidea (Lepidoptera) at Gunung Meja Recreational Forest Area, Manokwari, Papua Barat
Abstrak: Gunung Meja, one of the forest areas in Manokwari, West Papua province, has been designated as a recreational forest since 1980. Gunung Meja covers 460.25 ha and is located at 75 – 175 m asl. Gunung Meja is directly adjacent to residential areas, so that the community activities, such as felling trees and gardening are often conducted in the area. These can interfere with the existence of flora and fauna inside, including butterflies. To know the impact of intrusive human activities on the forest area, it is necessary to obtain basic information about what flora and fauna are present there. This study aims to record the butterfly community in the area. Observations of butterflies were done by scan sampling on primary forest, secondary forest, gardens and settlements. Sampling and measurement of environmental parameters were performed in the morning and afternoon for seven weeks. This study recorded 113 species and 4.049 individuals of butterflies. There were 75 species in primary forest, 77 species in secondary forest, and 63 species in gardens and settlements. The number of species found was still increasing until the last day of the observation. Shannon- Wiener index (H’) calculation showed that diversity in primary and secondary forests were 3.48 and 3.50, respectively, thus classified as high (H’ > 3). Sorensen index calculation (CN) showed high value reaching 0.5 quantitatively. The numbers of butterflies both species number and individual number, observed in the morning were higher than those in the afternoon. There was significant effect (P < 0.05) of temperature, RH, light intensity, and canopy coverage to the number of individual butterflies. The result of PCA analysis showed that the environmental parameters in primary forest, secondary forest, gardens and settlements influenced the number of species and number of individuals.
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Judul: Metoda intramedullary pin sebagai salah satu cara menanggulangi fraktur femoralis pada anjing
Abstrak: Metoda intramedullary pin merupakan salah satu metoda penanggulangan fraktur yang populer karena banyak mempunyai keuntungan, diantaranya adalah : cepat dan mudah dikerja- kan, fiksasi yang dihasilkan lebih kuat dibandingkan metoda plate, setelah sembuh tulang menjadi lebih kuat, dan biaya yang digunakan relatif lebih ekonomis. Beberapa macam intramedullary pin yang ada, diantara- Steinmann pin, Rush pin, Kirschner pin, Kuentscher nya : nail, dan Leighton Shuttle pin. Teknik pemasangan intramedullary pin dapat melalui operasi tertutup atau operasi terbuka, tergantung dari ti- pe dan derajat fraktur. Pada operasi tertutup tidak dila- kukan pembukaan terhadap lokasi fraktur. Penyisipan pin dilakukan melalui fragmen fraktur proximal diteruskan ke fragmen distal, sehingga pada metoda ini luka yang timbul hanya pada tempat dimana pin tersebut dimasukkan. Pada operasi terbuka penyisipan pin dilakukan melalui pembukaan lokasi fraktur. Dalam melakukan pembukaan terhadap lokasi fraktur, harus dipilih pendekatan yang paling sesuai dan paling sedikit kemungkinannya untuk menimbulkan komplikasi. Pengambilan pin biasanya dilakukan setelah empat atau lima minggu disisipkan, diharapkan pada waktu itu telah terjadi pembentukan callus yang sudah cukup kuat untuk me- nunjang berdirinya tubuh. Pada beberapa keadaan pin tidak perlu diambil, misalnya pada anjing tua atau pada anjing yang menderita penyakit tulang. Tidak ada reaksi sakit... akibat pin bertahan di dalam tulang.
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