Judul: Toksisitas Ekstrak Ciplukan (Physalis angulata) Berdasarkan Uji Letalitas Larva Udang
Abstrak: Physalis angulata known as ciplukan in Indonesia is widely used as herbal medicinal plant. Studies on this plant revealed its potency as antidiabetic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, and antiasthma, but the toxicity is not reported yet. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of leaf extracts from ciplukan by using brine shrimp lethality test (BSLT). Phytochemical test of crude ethanolic extract indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, and steroids. Ethanol crude extract was extracted by liquid-liquid extraction and gave 2 extracts, namely n-hexane and ethyl acetate extracts. BSLT results showed that all the extracts were toxic. n- Hexane extract was the most toxic extract with value of LC50 3 ppm, indicating its potency as anticancer.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Physalis angulata, ciplukan, brine shrimp lethality test

Judul: The Potency of Ciplukan Leaf Extract (Physalis angulata L.) to Improve Kidney Function
Abstrak: Gagal ginjal merupakan penyakit tidak menular namun dapat mengancam nyawa manusia. Penyakit ini dapat dialami dari berbagai macam usia mulai dari anak-anak hingga lansia. Salah satu tanaman yang biasanya dijadikan sebagai obat herbal ialah tanaman ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi dari daun tanaman ciplukan dalam memperbaiki fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kampus IPB Dramaga, IPB University, Bogor, Indonesia. Tikus putih digunakan sebanyak 24 ekor dan dibagi menjadi 8 kelompok. P1: normal, P2: ciplukan dosis 150 mg/kg BB 14 hari, P3: ciplukan 300 mg/kg BB 14 hari, P4: etilen glikol 14 hari, P5: etilen glikol 14 hari dan ciplukan dosis 150 mg/kg BB 14 hari, P6: etilen glikol 14 hari dan ciplukan dosis 300 mg/kg BB 14 hari, P7: etilen glikol dan ciplukan dosis 150 mg/kg BB 14 hari, dan P8: etilen glikol dan ciplukan dosis 300 mg/kg BB 14 hari. Parameter yang diukur adalah bobot badan, kadar ureum, kadar kreatinin, dan histologi ginjal tikus. Data dianalisa dengan analisis sidik ragam ANOVA. Pemberian etilen glikol dan ekstrak ciplukan dosis 300 mg/kg BB secara bersamaan mampu menormalkan kadar ureum dalam darah. Pemberian ekstrak ciplukan setelah diinduksi etilen glikol selama 14 hari (P5 dan P6) tidak mampu mengembalikan kadar ureum pada keadaan normal. Analisis statistic taraf P > (0,05) menunjukkan bahwa hasil tidak berbeda nyata pada kadar kreatinin. Berdasarkan hasil histologi menunjukkan adanya perbaikan pada glomerulus ginjal pada kelompok P8 yakni kelompok pemberian etilen glikol dan ekstrak ciplukan dosis 300 mg/kg BB yang diberikan secara bersamaan dalam 14 hari. Ekstrak tanaman ciplukan juga memiliki kandungan flavonoid yang berpotensi mengatasi masalah pada ginjal ketika diinduksi zat nefrotoksik seperti etilen glikol.
Keyword: Ciplukan (Physalis angulata L.), creatinine, ethylene glycol, kidney, ureum

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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