Judul: Impact of Raskin Policy to Consumption Pattern Local Staple Food in Papua.
Abstrak: Indonesia as an agricultural country, in fact, still needs to import food, especially rice. Food self-sufficiency program, which focus on increasing production of rice, is now reached leveling off stage. When realized the importance of production and consumption balance, the government issued fooddiversification policy over 45 years ago. However, it is not successful as expected. For some reasons, several government policies or programs were not actually supporting diversification policy, such as rice for government employees, ceiling price, and rice for the poor (raskin) policy. Raskin policy, a transfer of government revenue indirectly to poor households, is a good effort to overcome social problem due to increase of oil price. Yet, this program is getting people to consume more rice. Competition among staple-foods will be unbalance if the government sees rice as national food and forgets the potential local staple food. Papua, as province with big demand of rice, have not implement real policy in food diversification. Local staple foods potencies, such as sweet potatoes and sago, are getting less consumed by the local people to replace rice. They consume more rice as they become more prosper. The main staple food commodities locally Papuan people are sweet potatoes and sago growing that the higher the class the higher the consumption of rice is due to the superiority of local staple food. Food consumption data in real terms demonstrate the ability of households in food access and describe the level of household in food sufficiency. The increasing rate of food consumption also implicitly reflects the level of income or purchasing power in food. Therefore, food diversification policy should be adjusted to local wisdom. Then, Papuan should be directed to consume sweet potato and sago. This study examines whether the food for the poor program should be continued, removed, or replaced with local staple food according to standard calorie need. The research focus on Papua region and use data from the National Socio-Economic Survey (Susenas) 2008–2010 panel Papua. Other data sources derived from the Food Security Agency (BKP) Ministry of Agriculture and the Central Statistics Agency (BPS). The one percent change in rice price affects significantly the price of all commodities and the proportion of outlay commodity groups analysed. This generally means that rice is still the main staple food. The changing price of some commodities affect to other, some commodities don’t affect at all. The price has not only negative effect on the demand itself, but also has positive or negative to other commodities demand. The price fluctuation causes inflation and people’s ability of purchasing food. The influence of revenue expenditure proportion to all commodities is significant, except to sweet potatoes and fruit. The coefficient of income to most of the food commodity groups is positive. It means that the increase proportion of household income will be followed by a significant increase in demand rate for food commodity groups. According to research of three alternative, simulations which give effect to the purpose of diversification of food and energy needs in maintaining the recommended limit is 3rd simulation. It suggests to replaced raskin policy to
Keyword: local staple foods, consumption pattern, raskin, LA-AIDS

Judul: Pola Konsumsi Pangan Rumah Tangga Miskin di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur
Abstrak: Pangan merupakan kebutuhan mendasar bagi manusia untuk dapat mempertahankan hidup, sehingga kecukupan pangan bagi setiap orang pada setiap waktu merupakan hak asasi yang layak dipenuhi. Pemenuhan kebutuhan pangan bagi seluruh penduduk setiap saat di suatu wilayah menjadi sasaran utama kebijakan pangan bagi pemerintah pusat maupun daerah. Pola konsumsi pangan sangat penting untuk mengukur tingkat kesejahteraan rumah tangga miskin di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) mengingat skor Pola Pangan Harapan (PPH) NTT yang rendah dengan menduduki peringkat 32 dari 33 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2012. Pola konsumsi pangan menggambarkan kombinasi pilihan komoditas yang dikonsumsi rumah tangga miskin untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dasar sekaligus memenuhi asupan gizi yang cukup dan berimbang. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data Survei Sosial Ekonomi Nasional (Susenas) periode Maret tahun 2008-2010 yang bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) dengan melakukan analisis terhadap 988 sampel rumah tangga miskin. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif serta analisis ekonometrika dengan model Linear Approximation- Almost Ideal Demand System (LA-AIDS). Variabel-variabel yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi pangsa pengeluaran pangan antara lain: harga komoditas, pendapatan riil, jumlah anggota rumah tangga, wilayah tempat tinggal (perdesaan/perkotaan), tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga, dan tren tahun. Secara umum, pola konsumsi dipengaruhi oleh harga sendiri, harga komoditas lain, pendapatan, wilayah tempat tinggal (perdesaan/perkotaan), dan tingkat pendidikan kepala rumah tangga pada taraf nyata 5%. Nilai elastisitas harga sendiri menunjukkan permintaan seluruh komoditas bersifat inelastis. Komoditas jagung dan singkong merupakan barang substitusi bagi beras, selanjutnya jagung, singkong, sayur, dan buah termasuk barang normal. Sedangkan komoditas beras, ikan, daging, telur, dan rokok termasuk barang mewah. Simulasi 1 terkait program raskin dianggap mampu meningkatkan konsumsi beras, ikan, daging, telur, sayur, dan rokok. Simulasi 2 menunjukkan bahwa program pemerintah terkait pemberian BLT kepada rumah tangga miskin dianggap mampu meningkatkan konsumsi beras, ikan, daging, telur, sayur, dan rokok secara signifikan, sedangkan komoditas makanan lainnya juga mengalami peningkatan yang relatif kecil. Adapun simulasi 3 yang merupakan kombinasi program raskin dan BLT menunjukkan peningkatan permintaan komoditas makanan yang sangat signifikan, sehingga simulasi 3 ini dinilai sebagai simulasi kebijakan yang paling efektif untuk meningkatkan konsumsi rumah tangga miskin di Provinsi NTT. Implikasi kebijakan yang disarankan bagi pemerintah daerah guna meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumah tangga miskin melalui pemenuhan konsumsi pangan yang bergizi dan berimbang antara lain: (1) Perlu adanya program diversifikasi pangan di Provinsi NTT. Jagung dan singkong dapat dijadikan makanan pokok alternatif pengganti beras. Hal ini untuk mengurangi ketergantungan impor beras dari daerah lain; (2) Pemerintah NTT diharapkan menyusun aturan nyata terkait program penganekaragaman pangan yang semakin mengedepankan potensi pangan pokok lokal.
Keyword: pola konsumsi, diversifikasi, NTT, LA-AIDS

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4