Judul: Morphological study on the Female Reproductive Organ of Malayan Pangolin (Manis javanica) with Special Refferences on the Characteristic of Follicular Development and Distribution of Carbohydrates in the Ovary.
Abstrak: Trenggiling merupakan salah satu mamalia unik yang dilindungi. Terdapat delapan spesies trenggiling di dunia yang tersebar di wilayah hutan tropis Asia dan daerah tropis hingga subtropis Afrika. Trenggiling Jawa (Manis javanica) merupakan jenis yang dapat ditemukan di Indonesia. Persebaran trenggiling Jawa di Indonesia adalah mencakup pulau Sumatera, Kalimantan, Jawa, Bali dan beberapa pulau kecil di sekitarnya. Keberadaan trenggiling Jawa di alam mengalami penurunan akibat perburuan liar dan kerusakan habitat sehingga trenggiling Jawa dimasukkan ke dalam daftar satwa terancam punah (endangered species) dan golongan Apendix II. Risiko kepunahan trenggiling Jawa yang tinggi dapat didukung pula oleh kemampuan reproduksinya yang hanya dapat menghasilkan 1-2 anak dalam satu periode kebuntingan. Salah satu upaya konservasi yang dapat dilakukan untuk melestarikan jenis trenggiling Jawa adalah dengan meningkatkan pemahaman tentang organ reproduksi betina trenggiling Jawa khususnya pada bagian ovarium. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap morfologi dan morfometri serta gambaran mikroskopis ovarium (n=4), dan saluran reproduksi yang terdiri dari tuba uterina, kornua uteri, korpus uteri, serviks uteri, vagina (n=2); karakteristik perkembangan folikel dalam ovarium; dan distribusi karbohidrat pada perkembangan ovarium. Ovarium dan salurannya difiksasi dengan larutan Bouin dan diproses sesuai dengan standar pembuatan preparat histologi. Preparat diwarnai dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin eosin dan Masson’s trichome untuk mengamati gambaran mikroskopis organ reproduksi secara umum, serta pewarnaan alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 untuk mendeteksi keberadaan karbohidrat asam dan periodic acid Schiff (PAS) untuk mendeteksi keberadaan karbohidrat netral. Perhitungan jumlah folikel dilakukan dengan metode estimasi, yaitu dengan terlebih dahulu mencari faktor pengali untuk masing-masing tipe folikel. Faktor pengali dihitung dengan cara menjumlahkan setiap tipe folikel pada 25 sayatan serial pertama, kemudian dibagi dengan jumlah folikel pada setiap kelipatan lima. Estimasi jumlah folikel pada setiap tahapan diketahui dari hasil perkalian faktor pengali dengan jumlah folikel pada setiap tahap yang ditemukan pada sayatan ke-1, 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 pada setiap ovarium.
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Judul: Karakteristik Morfologi Organ Reproduksi Jantan Trenggiling (Manis javanica).
Abstrak: Pangolin is solitary animal with slow reproductive rate. Due to increasing exploitation of pangolin as market demand, especially from China, there was poaching in nature that caused the population in wild decreases dramatically. Reproductive organ is one of the important things in the conservation of species, especially for species that is already endangered such as pangolin (M. javanica). It required an effort of conservation, so the pangolin populations can be maintained and developed further. Recently, information of the morphological characteristics of male reproductive organs of pangolin, both macroanatomy and mikroanatomy, is still limited. Therefore, the study aims to find out the morphological characteristics of the male reproductive organs of pangolin (M. javanica) at macroscopic and microscopic level which were needs to provide basic information to support breeding activity. Five male reproductive organs of pangolin were used in the study. For macroscopic observation, data were collected for in situ position and morphometry, which includes measurements of length, width, and thickness of each part of the reproductive organs and added measurements of weight of testes. For microscopic observation, samples of each part of the reproductive organs was processed by histological techniques with paraffin method. Block paraffin were cut 3-5 μm and stained with hematoxylin eosin staining (HE), Masson's trichrome (MT), and Alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and periodic acid Schiff (PAS) for observation of general structure, connective tissue, and distribution of neutral and acidic carbohydrates at each accessories gland respectively. The data were analyses descriptively and was performed as tables and pictures. The reproductive organs of the pangolin consisted of a pair of testes, epididymis and deferent duct which leads to the urethra in the penis. A pair of ascrotal testes was located in subcutis of inguinal area. The shape and size of right and left testes was relatively similar. The average size of the testes was 3.78±0.12 cm in length, 1.24±0.02 cm in width, 0.90±0.03 cm in thick and 5.64±0.04 g in weight. Epididymis formed head, body and tail which running oblique craniomedial at the body testis with average of length was 4.78±0.02 cm. The deferent duct measured of average length was 8.98±0.31 cm. The average size of length and diameter of penis was 5.39±1.63 cm and 0.64±0.03 cm respectively. The finding of ascrotal testes in subcutis of inguinal was an interesting result of the study which thought to be related to the behavior of pangolin to rolling up the body. The testes were composed of seminiferous tubules separated by interstitial tissue. Seminiferous tubules composed of basal membrane, germinal cells (spermatogonium, spermatocyte and spermatid) and Sertoli cells. Epididymis was composed of ciliated simple columnar epithelium surrounded by loose connective tissue. The deferent duct epithelium was composed of ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium surrounded by loose connective tissue and smooth muscle layers. The size of penis was small, short, have not bulbus glandis, and was muscolocavernosus type. The accessories gland of male reproduction organs of pangolin was consists of vesicular gland and prostate that were observed macroscopically and bulbourethral glands which were observed microscopically. The average of length and thickness of vesicular gland, was 1.07
Keyword: pangolin (M. javanica), the male reproductive organs

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4