Judul: Empowerment to Woman Headed Household through Developing of Social Networking (Case in Micro Company in Desa Sekarwangi Kecamatan Katapang Kabupaten Bandung Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Social empowerment particularly aimed to woman, who also manage micro company, is inevitably a part of social development. The powerless PKRT (Woman Headed Household) is marked by their incapability in gaining opportunity and authority in order to make decision on available resources which existed surrounding such as financial resources, skill education, credit, use of employment and formal institution within society. The objectives of this study are as follows knowing the characteristic of PKRT, evaluating social development program, analyzing gender from PKRT micro company program and effective empowering program. This study uses qualitative approach to analyze the problem comprehensively. Issues on injustice gender caused by subordination of peoples in Desa Sekarwangi that PKRT is solely additional income for family and it is done for the sake of husband assistance. These factors affect to the minimum control and access upon the resources. The government has launched several programs for example urban poor eradicating program (P2KP) and effort in improving family income – Welfare and Empowerment to the Family (UP2K-PKK). These program in fact are less helpful. In addition, P2KP was given to those peoples who not only have close relationship with the official but also micro companies of their own. Furthermore, UP2K-PKK is given only to a single people and it has not been circulated to the rest of peoples. The limitation in term of access and amount of finance led them to dealt with the loan giver. In line with the solution, program of empowering PKRT in Desa Sekarwangi are developing social networking in two aspect; opening access and strengthening their position through grouping, making the finance insurance and involving stakeholders to achieve gender’s equality and justice.
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Judul: articipatory Communication In Empowerment Program of Women Headed Household (A Case Study of Desa Dayah Tanoh, Kecamatan Mutiara Timur, Kabupaten Pidie, Aceh Province)
Abstrak: The emerging paradigm of participatory development communication emphasizes participation and involvement from planning to decision-making process. PEKKA promotes the concept trough bottom-up initiative including planning, implementation and project evaluation. This study aims to investigate process of participatory development communication by PEKKA and economic empowerment of women household. This thesis investigates the participatory communication process in terms of communication patterns of women headed households, determinant factors, including observing the program achievement from empowerment point of view through the development communication perspective. The study employs constructivist paradigm in the analysis. The major finding of the study is the different communication pattern of women headed household in different stage of program activities. At the initial stage, the socialization was dominantly monologue, thus only well-educated participants whoconfident and had ability to response andexpress theirs commentsduring the meeting while others almost silence. In the other stages, meanwhile, the pattern gradually changed to monologue-dialogue and dialogic through interpersonal approach done by the field assistant, and participating the trainings especially self-development training done by PEKKA Center. However, the change was not arise to the aged women headed household because low motivation to the program. The study also finds that personal characteristics of members, role of field assistant, and socio cultural factors determine the efficacy of participatory communication of women headed households. The aged member seldom and almost never delivered voice, expressed opinion, and asked questions during the meeting. Though they attended the meeting, they tended to quiet and listen to the other comments. The younger women headed household was more active and be trusted as group administrators and leader by the members. Low educated women headed households were less ability to show their voice and express their opinions at the initial stage of the program because they impressed themselvesless confident and ability to speak out in front of other. The women headed household with many dependents stressed that the difficulty to time management between working, caring family, and attending the group meetings. Furthermore, the reason to be women headed household, occupation, and self-motivation also determine participatory communication. The women with sickly husband said that difficult to attend the meeting because not allowed by husband. Working as cookies seller that located relatively far from home at kecamatan market stated that often late to come to the meetings. The motif of the aged women headed household to join the program was to spare time, to gather with other women, and to obtain information and knowledge while other women said to improve welfare, to gain information and knowledge to change their socio economic condition. The role of field assistant as facilitator and educator significantly contribute to effectiveness of participatory communication to women headed household. At the beginning of the programthe assistant was a man, however, that was not a barrier for him to build effective communication with the women headed household. He is a native coming from that village, and experiencing and having well knowledge on local socio cultural. After the field assistant changed, coming from outsider but a woman, the members said they are more freely and confidently communicate with the
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Judul: Komposisi Kimia Ikan Tuna Sirip Kuning (Thunnus albacares) Selama Penyimpanan Beku
Abstrak: Komposisi kimia yang terdapat pada ikan tuna sirip kuning (Thunnus albacares) lengkap dan bermanfaat bagi tubuh yang meliputi asam amino, asam lemak, taurin, vitamin, dan mineral. Penyimpanan beku merupakan salah satu cara untuk mempertahankan komposisi kimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh waktu penyimpanan beku terhadap komposisi kimia yang meliputi profil asam amino, asam lemak, taurin, vitamin, dan mineral pada ikan tuna sirip kuning. Pengamatan dilakukan selama enam bulan. Komposisi kimia sampel dianalisis dengan metode soxhlet dan kjeldahl, HPLC, dan kromatografi gas. Perubahan komposisi kimia selama penyimpanan beku 6 bulan pada ikan masih terjadi. Kandungan asam amino, asam lemak, taurin, dan vitamin mengalami penurunan selama penyimpanan. Penurunan rata-rata komposisi kimia selama penyimpanan beku yaitu taurin sebesar 73%, asam amino sebesar 74% dan asam lemak 24.48%. Penurunan tertinggi terjadi pada asam amino glutamat sebesar 75.64% dan asam lemak palmitat sebesar 19.9%. Waktu penyimpanan ikan tuna sirip kuning yang cukup baik yaitu selama tiga bulan.
Keyword: ikan tuna sirip kuning, komposisi kimia, penyimpanan beku