Judul: Dampak Mikroplastik Terhadap Organ Pencernaan dan Kondisi Biologis Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) (BURCHELL, 1822)
Abstrak: Mikroplastik yang berada di dalam perairan dapat tidak sengaja termakan oleh biota yang hidup di dalamnya, contohnya seperti ikan lele. Dampak mikroplastik terhadap organ pencernaan dan kondisi biologis belum diketahui sehingga perlu adanya penelitian tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan organ pencernaan dan kondisi biologis ikan lele akibat mengonsumsi mikroplastik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 19 Juli-12 September 2021 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan Air, FPIK-IPB. Parameter yang diamati yaitu fisika-kimia air, kondisi biologi biota, dan struktur histologis saluran pencernaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa organ hati dan lambung terpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) oleh mikroplastik dalam pakan. Selain itu, mikroplastik menyebabkan beberapa kelainan pada vili lambung dan usus seperti nekrosis. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh bahwa pemberian pakan yang mengandung mikroplastik menyebabkan kerusakan pada saluran pencernaan dan mempengaruhi kondisi biologis ikan lele yaitu menurunkan pertumbuhan bobot dan efisiensi pakan., Microplastics in the waters can be eaten by the biota that live in them such as catfish accidentally. The impact of microplastics on digestive organs and biological conditions is not yet known, so this research is needed. This research aims analyze changes in the digestive organs and biological conditions of catfish due to consuming microplastics. This research was carried out from 19 July to 12 September 2021 at the Aquatic Animal Physiology Laboratory, FPIK-IPB. Parameters observed were water physical-chemistry, biota biology condition, and histological structure of the digestive tract. The results of the analysis in this study showed that the liver and stomach had a significant effect (p<0.05) on microplastics in feed. In addition, microplastcs cause several abnormalities in the villi of the stomach and intestines such as necrosis. The conclusion is that feeding containing microplastics causes damage to the digestive tract and affects the biological condition of catfish namely reduce weigth growrth and feed efficiency.
Keyword: fish, microplastic, digestive organs

Judul: Dampak Mikroplastik Terhadap Organ Pencernaan dan Kondisi Biologis Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) (Linnaeus, 1758)
Abstrak: Mikroplastik dihasilkan dari berbagai aktivitas manusia yang semakin berkembang. Dampak yang ditimbulkan oleh mikroplastik di perairan, yaitu risiko kesehatan bagi biota seperti penyumbatan saluran pencernaan dan pendarahan internal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan kondisi organ saluran pencernaan dan kondisi biologis ikan nila akibat pengaruh mengkonsumsi pakan yang mengandung mikroplastik. Penelitian dilaksanakan dari 27 November 2021 hingga 1 Januari 2022 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan Air dan Laboratorium Kesehatan Ikan. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Parameter yang diamati meliputi parameter kualitas air, kondisi biometrik organ pencernaan, aspek biologi, dan evaluasi mikroplastik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi perubahan pada organ pencernaan (lambung, usus, hati), dan pernafasan (insang). Penurunan laju pertumbuhan ikan nila terjadi seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah konsentrasi mikroplastik pada pakan. Mikroplastik tidak mengalami perubahan dari segi bentuk, ukuran dan warna, serta mikroplastik tidak tercerna oleh ikan., Microplastics produce by various human activities that are growing. The impact caused by microplastics in water poses a health risk for the biota, such as blockage of the digestive tract and internal bleeding. This study aims to analyze changes in the condition of digestive tract organs and biological condition of tilapia due to influence of consuming feed containing microplastics. The research was carried out from 27th November 2021 to 1st January 2022 at the Aquatic Animal Physiology Laboratory and Fish Health Laboratory. The analysis used in this study was a randomized design analysis (RDA). Observed parameters included water quality parameters, biometric conditions of digestive organs, biological aspects, and assessment of microplastics. The results showed that there were changes in the digestive organs (stomach, intestines, liver) and respiration (gills). The decrease in the growth rate of tilapia occurred along with the increase in the concentration of microplastics in the feed. Microplastics did not change in terms of shape, size, and color, and microplastics are not digested by fish.
Keyword: digestive, fish, growth, microplastic

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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