Judul: Design of Frozen Cilok Production Wastewater Treatment Process at PT. Karya Baru Kita.
Abstrak: Limbah cair merupakan permasalahan yang dihadapi setiap industri, salah satunya PT. Karya Baru Kita. Hal ini dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif, seperti menghasilkan bau tidak sedap, meningkatkan biaya operasional, dan mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik limbah cair yang dihasilkan oleh PT. KBK, merancang proses pengolahan limbah cair yang sesuai sehingga memenuhi baku mutu, serta menganalisis efektivitas dari proses pengolahan yang dilakukan. Berdasarkan karakteristiknya, dirancang proses pengolahan yang menggabungkan beberapa metode pengolahan seperti metode kimia, fisika, dan biologi. Proses koagulasi menggunakan Poly Aluminium Chloride dengan dosis 40 ppm, serta proses aerasi dengan penambahan EM4 sebanyak 0,4% terbukti dapat menurunkan parameter COD dari 27.631 mg/L menjadi 41 mg/L (removal efficiency 99,85%) dan menurunkan parameter TSS dari yang semula 1064 mg/L menjadi 187 mg/L (removal efficiency 82,42%). Proses pengolahan yang dirancang menghasilkan effluent air limbah yang memenuhi baku mutu ditetapkan, artinya limbah cair sudah aman untuk dibuang ke lingkungan., Liquid waste is a problem faced by every industry, one of which is PT Karya Baru Kita. This can have a negative impact, such as producing unpleasant odors, increasing operational costs, and environmental pollution. This study aims to identify the characteristics of liquid waste generated by PT KBK, design a suitable liquid waste treatment process so that it meets quality standards, and analyze the effectiveness of the treatment process carried out. Based on its characteristics, a treatment process is designed that combines several treatment methods such as chemical, physical, and biological methods. The coagulation process using Poly Aluminum Chloride with a dose of 40 ppm, as well as the aeration process with the addition of EM4 as much as 0,4% proved to be able to reduce COD from 27.631 mg/L to 41 mg/L (removal efficiency 99,85%) and TSS from 1064 mg/L to 187 mg/L (removal efficiency 82,42%). The designed treatment process has produced wastewater effluent that meets the established quality standards, meaning that the wastewater is safe to be discharged into the environment.
Keyword: EM4, aeration, coagulation, PAC

Judul: Design of Wastewater Treatment Plant for Frozen Cilok Production Process at PT Karya Baru Kita
Abstrak: Air limbah industri makanan yang tidak ditangani dengan tepat dapat mencemari lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang Instalasi Pengolahan Air Limbah (IPAL) untuk mengelola 1,5 m³ limbah cair per hari dari produksi cilok beku di PT Karya Baru Kita. IPAL yang dirancang mencakup beberapa tahap pengolahan secara batch, dengan unit-unit yang dirancang yaitu bak penampungan awal, tangki koagulasi-aerasi, bak aerasi, bak sedimentasi, dan bak pengeringan lumpur dengan waktu proses untuk setiap unit berturut-turut adalah 1 hari, 35 menit, 1 hari, 1 hari, dan pengeringan lumpur dengan ketebalan 40 cm diasumsikan memakan waktu 15 hari. Rancangan ini mampu menurunkan parameter Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) hingga 99% dan Total Suspended Solids (TSS) sebesar 82%, memenuhi baku mutu yang berlaku. Analisis finansial menunjukkan bahwa penerapan IPAL ini memiliki perkiraan biaya operasional sebesar Rp3.815.325 per bulan. Perhitungan biaya ini sudah memperhitungkan peningkatan skala produksi perusahaan, sehingga dapat menjadi solusi jangka panjang yang efektif dan efisien bagi perusahaan yang sedang berkembang pesat dalam mengelola limbah cairnya., The discharge of untreated wastewater from the food industry significantly pollutes waterways, reducing oxygen levels and harming aquatic life. This study aims to design a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) specifically tailored for treating 1.5 m³ per day of wastewater generated from frozen cilok production, an Indonesian street food. The designed WWTP includes several stages and units of batch processing, namely equalization tank, coagulation-aeration tank, aeration tank, sedimentation tank, and sludge drying bed with process times for each unit respectively being 1 day, 35 minutes, 1 day, 1 day, and 15 days to dry sludge with a thickness of 40 cm. This design is able to reduce Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) parameters by up to 99% and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) by 82%, meeting applicable quality standards. Financial analysis shows that implementing this WWTP has an estimated operational cost of IDR 3,815,325 per month. This cost calculation takes into account the increase in the company's production scale, therefore proving that it can be an effective and efficient long-term solution for the company that is growing rapidly in managing their wastewater.
Keyword: Cilok, Food industry wastewater, Wastewater treatment plant (WWTP)

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates