Judul: Activity of Lemon (Citrus limon) Extract as Immunomodulator on Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Lemon contains many compounds that have potential to act as immunomodulator. This study used 30 male DDY mice which were divided into 5 groups, consisting negative control (distilled water), positive control (Echinacea purpurea extract), 25% lemon extract dose of 1 g/kg BW, 3 g/kg BW, and 5 g/kg BW. Lemon extract was administered orally once a day with a micropipette for 14 days in a row. Mice were induced with non- pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus on day 15 intraperitoneally before taking peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal fluid was then made into smear preparations and observed for the number of active macrophages and Staphylococcus aureus in the active macrophages. Then the phagocytosis activity and phagocytosis index of macrophages were calculated. The results showed that 25% lemon extract has effect as immunomodulator in the form of phagocytic activity and index on mice. The highest phagocytic activity and index were found in the lemon 1 g/kg BW group., Lemon mengandung banyak senyawa yang berpotensi memiliki aktivitas imunomodulator. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit DDY jantan yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif (akuades), kontrol positif (Ekstrak Echinacea purpurea), ekstrak lemon 25% dosis 1 g/kg BB, 3 g/kg BB, dan 5 g/kg BB. Ekstrak lemon diberikan secara oral sekali sehari dengan mikropipet selama 14 hari. Mencit diinduksi dengan Staphylococcus aureus nonpatogen pada hari ke-15 secara intraperitoneal sebelum koleksi cairan peritoneal. Cairan peritoneum kemudian dibuat preparat apusan dan diamati jumlah makrofag aktif dan Staphylococcus aureus pada makrofag aktif. Kemudian aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks fagositosis makrofag dihitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak lemon 25% memiliki efek sebagai imunomodulator berupa aktivitas fagositik dan indeks pada mencit. Aktivitas dan indeks fagositik tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok lemon 1 g/kg BB
Keyword: immunomodulator, lemon extract, macrophages, phagocytosis activity, phagocytosis index, aktivitas fagositosis, ekstrak lemon, imunomodulator, indeks fagositosis, makrofag

Judul: Potensi Sari Apel (Malus domestica) sebagai Imunomodulator pada Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Apple juice is considered as a nutrient-dense product which contain nutrients like vitamins, minerals, and phenolic compounds. They may have the function to boost immune system. This study aims to determine the effect of apple juice (Malus domestica) as an immunomodulator by using mice (Mus musculus) as animal model. A total of 30 mice were used and divided into 5 treatments, i.e., 1) negative control (mice administered with distilled water), 2) positive control (mice administered with Echinacea purpurea extract), 3) mice administered with apple juice 25% at a dose of 1 g/kg BW, 4) mice administered with apple juice 25% at a dose of 3 g/kg BW, and 5) mice administered with apple juice 25% at a dose of 5 g/kg BW. Administration of apple juice infusion was done once a day orally using micropipette for 14 days. The experimental mice were induced with non-pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus on the 15th day intraperitoneally before collecting peritoneal fluid. The peritoneal fluid was taken and made into a smear preparation and observations were done on the number of active macrophages and S. aureus in active macrophages. Then, the phagocytic activity and phagocytic index of macrophages were calculated. The results show that apple juice is effective as immunomodulator and among apple juice 25% dose of 1 g/kg BW, 3 g/kg BW and 5 g/kg BW, the optimal dosage of apple juice 25% is dose of 5 g/kg BW., Sari apel dianggap sebagai produk kaya nutrisi yang mengandung nutrisi seperti vitamin, mineral, dan senyawa fenolik. Oleh karena itu, sari apel mungkin dapat meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi efek sari apel (Malus domestica) sebagai imunomodulator dengan menggunakan mencit (Mus musculus) sebagai hewan model. Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit digunakan dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu 1) kontrol negatif (mencit diberi akuades), 2) kontrol positif (mencit diberi ekstrak Echinacea purpurea), 3) mencit diberi sari apel 25% dengan dosis 1 g/kg BB, 4) mencit diberi sari apel 25% dengan dosis 3 g/kg BB, dan 5) mencit diberi sari apel 25% dengan dosis 5 g/kg BB. Pemberian infusa sari apel dilakukan satu kali sehari secara peroral dengan mikropipet selama 14 hari. Kemudian mencit percobaan diinduksi dengan Staphylococcus aureus nonpatogen pada hari ke-15 secara intraperitoneal sebelum dilakukan pengambilan cairan peritoneal. Cairan peritoneal diambil lalu dibuat preparat ulas dan dilakukan pengamatan pada jumlah makrofag aktif dan S. aureus di dalam makrofag aktif. Selanjutnya aktivitas fagositosis dan indeks fagositosis makrofag dihitung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sari apel efektif sebagai imunomodulator. Dalam sari apel dengan dosis 25% sebanyak 1 g/kg BB, 3 g/kg BB, dan 5 g/kg BB, dosis optimal sari apel 25% adalah dosis 5 g/kg BB.
Keyword: active macrophages, apple juice, immunomodulator, phagocytic activity, imunomodulator, indeks fagositosis, makrofag aktif, sari apel

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
Keyword: