Judul: Preferensi Penggunaan Alat Gerak Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) pada Aktivitas Makan di Pusat Primata Schmutzer
Abstrak: Feeding activity is one of the orangutan behavior which is needed to determine the usage of its hand preferences. Limb usage preferences is related to the asymmetrical reflection or lateralized of brain usage. Each hand is controlled by the opposite hemisphere of the brain. This research addressed to determine limb usage preferences of orangutan during feeding activity. The object of this research was nine Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus) with different age and sex. Feeding activity was divided into two categories, i.e. Reaching for food (RFF) and Taking food to the mouth (TFM). The postures of orangutan were distinguished into five classifications, i.e. sit, pronograde stand, orthograde stand, suspend, and lie. The dominance of right or left handedness was analysed using z-test. Orangutans more common performed unimanual feeding than two limb feeding. Three orangutans showed right handedness during RFF and TFM activities. Two limb feeding (hand-hand or hand-foot combination) was performed by adult orangutans. Sit was the posture most common during feeding activity.
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Judul: Feeding activity of orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) in Schmutzer Primate Centre, Jakarta.
Abstrak: The study of feeding activity and feeding preference of eight orangutans has been conducted at Schmutzer Primate Centre, Jakarta, from March to September 2008. Feeding activity data collection was performed using focal animal sampling, while feeding preference of each object was collected by direct observation on the single cage. Based on 336 hours observation within 6 months, orangutan spent 53,18% of the time on feeding, 17,27% on resting, and 14,79% on traveling. The daily activity pattern was distributed bimodally with peaks at about 08.00 and 14.00. Feeding activity was greater in the morning (08.00–10.30) and in the afternoon (13.30– 16.00), while resting was greater at the midday. The percentage of fruits / vegetables consumed provided by the Schmutzer Primate Centre was greater (96,90%) than foods available in the exhibition cages (3,10%). Three species of plants were consumed frequently; fig (Ficus benjamina) (0,48%), rumput gajah (Pannisetum purpureum) (0,24%) and velvet tamarind (Dialium indicum) (0,21%), respectively. In addition, orangutan sometimes eat soil, feces, and insect. Based on feeding preference observed on the single cage, there were 3 kinds of foods highly preferred by orangutan, such as, egg, mango, and banana.
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Judul: Sintesis nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 menggunakan teknik hidrotermal
Abstrak: Nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) merupakan semikonduktor yang berpotensi sebagai fotokatalis untuk reaksi fotodegradasi zat pewarna. Semikonduktor ini memiliki sela pita yang jauh lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan semikonduktor TiO2, sehingga memungkinkan dapat berkerja hanya dengan paparan sinar matahari. Nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 telah berhasil disintesis menggunakan teknik hidrotermal dengan suhu 200 oC selama 24 jam. Larutan Cu2ZnSnS4 dinetralkan menggunakan amonium hidroksida dan dialiri gas N2 sebelum proses hidrotermal. Hasil analisis mikroskop elektron pemayaran menunjukkan nanopartikel Cu2ZnSnS4 mengalami aglomerasi karena memiliki ukuran partikel yang besar. Hasil analisis difraktogram sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa Cu2ZnSnS4 yang dihasilkan memiliki struktur kesterit dengan senyawa fase sekunder yang terbentuk adalah CuS, ZnS, dan Cu2SnS3. Hasil uji fotodegradasi menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hasil sintesis memiliki kemampuan degradasi dibawah sinar matahari lebih baik dibandingkan dengan TiO2. Namun, pada paparan sinar UV, TiO2 mendegradasi biru metilena lebih baik daripada senyawa hasil sintesis. Kapasitas adsorbsi terhadap biru metilena sebesar 2.6780 mg/g menunjukkan bahwa senyawa hasil sintesis tidak mampu mengadsorpsi dengan baik, sehingga disimpulkan bahwa hilangnya biru metilena dari larutan disebabkan oleh fotodegradasi, bukan oleh adsorpsi
Keyword: band gap, Cu2ZnSnS4, kesterite, photocatalyst, semiconductor