Judul: Analisis Keadilan Ekonomi dalam Perspektif Pembangunan Wilayah pada Agribisnis Tembakau Virginia di Pulau Lombok.
Abstrak: Market economic system is a dominant economic system which was chosen as national or regional economic development strategy. Market rationality with freedom, individualism and perfect competition as its pillar had been a main reference for development policy makers who make economic growth as the main orientation. One of the strategies is establishment special commodities as leading sector. Tobacco is one of a commodity which was chosen as important commodity to develop regional economic in Lombok Island. Tobacco is a controversial commodity. As raw material for cigarette industries which have negative effect for human health, its production and consumption should be restricted. Because of its favorability in economic development, tobacco was become one of the important commodities, especially for Lombok island. Circular cumulative causation theory explained that market mechanism which was driven by profit motive could encourage economic development centralized in certain regions which have high profit expectation, meanwhile other regions are only as supplier of resources to achieve high profits in the central region. This causes economic inequity in which developed regions become more advanced regions, whereas the backward region remains underdeveloped. Moreover, market is also a good waiter for the rich people but unfriendly for the poor. This causes economic inequity in income distribution. This study intends to prove whether the process of cumulative causation occurred in the tobacco economic sector. In particular, this study aims to analyze the level of economic equity (micro) by calculating margin of value added between the farmers and the tobacco industry companies in every hectare of tobacco field. Moreover, the purpose of this study is to analyze the level of economic equity (in the perspective of regional development/macro level) by calculating the amount of spread effect and backwash effect on virginia tobacco agribusiness in Lombok Island. This research is using quantitative and qualitative method in survey technique. Report of the study is present in the form of descriptive. Research areas were determined purposively. The selected research areas consist of 10 villages which are spread in 8 districts. There were 100 respondents which were chosen by simple random sampling technique. Each village is represented by 10 respondents. Data was analyzed by profit function formula (π = TR – TC) with some modification based on real condition in the field. While regional economic analysis (spread effect and backwash effect) analyzed by calculating regional income (value added) from virginia tobacco agribusiness and compare it with total economic value of virginia tobacco. Research result showed that there was economic inequity in micro level on Lombok virginia tobacco agribusiness. Farmers with the biggest profit category in virginia tobacco agribusiness were only able to get value added of Rp 3,975,379, - per hectare per cropping season with the R / C ratio of 1.08. While the tobacco industry companies could benefit (value added) of Rp 212,520,000, - for each hectare of tobacco field in one cropping season. Thus the margin of value added between the farmers and the companies is Rp 208,544,621, -. It means that farmers in the biggest benefit category were only able to get 1.87% of the company
Keyword: economic equity, market economy, regional development, tobacco of virginia, value added

Judul: Entrepreneurship behaviour effect on the performance of virginia tobacco in East Java
Abstrak: Tobacco is a commodity that has contributed and strategic position to farmers and to the country, where the average land area in Indonesia tobacco crop per year of 200 000 hectares with a production of 170 000 tonnes and 600 000 households involving farmers. Cultivation of tobacco face a variety of problems, both technical and non-technical issues. Tobacco farming also has a big risk in production, prices, costs, and revenues. Human resource development is a key issue because nowadays we need creative and innovative farmers in order to survive and compete. Factors determining the success or failure of entrepreneurial farmers in adapting to the changing of business environment. Entrepreneurial behavior is influenced by the nature of individual and environmental factors which consists of the economic environment, social environment, political environment, and physical environment. Beside influence entrepreneurial behavior, the nature of the individual and the environment also affects the performance of tobacco farming. Therefore, the relationship and influence between individuals, environmental factors, entrepreneurial behavior on the performance of farming will be tested, so this study aims to : 1) Determine the factors that influence entrepreneurial behavior and performance of the farm; 2) Analyze the influence of personality traits and environmental factors to entrepreneurial behavior; and 3) Analyze the influence of personality trait, environmental factors, and entrepreneurial behavior to the performance of individual tobacco farming. Influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable was measured by using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the factors that influence the behavior of the individual nature of entrepreneurship among other things, the economic environment, and the physical environment, while the factors that affect farm performance, among others personality trait, economic environment, political environment, physical environment, and entrepreneurial behavior. The nature of individual and environmental factors influence entrepreneurial behavior with the greatest influence comes from personality trait. Entrepreneurial behavior have a significant effect on the performance of the business, but not a dominant factor affecting the performance. Economic environment being the most influential variables on the performance of agriculture due to tobacco farmers generally very responsive to changes in price. Entrepreneurial behavior alone had no significant effect on performance because of tobacco cigarette industry faced with oligopsony market structure that makes farmers have no bargaining power and thus require a supportive environment. Thus, entrepreneurial behaviour should be viewed as only one causal factor in a complex model of factors that promote performance.
Keyword: entrepreneurship, performance, tobacco

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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