Judul: Optimation of N-acetylglucosamine Production from Chitin by Aspergillus rugulosus 501 Fermentation .
Abstrak: Chemical hydrolysis of chitin into N-acetyl-glucosamine (GlcNAc) using strong acid such as HCl will damage environment and hard. Enzymatic hydrolysis using chitinase is an alternative method to overcome such problems. Fermentation was done by A. rugulosus 501 (1% v/v) using GlcNAc production medium with variation initial pH (4, 5, 6, and 7) and nitrogen source (bacto peptone, yeast extract, ammonium sulphate, and urea). Samples were to be at day 0; 5; 6; 7; 8; 9 10 and measured using Reissig method. Chemical of GlcNAc tied by calium tetraborat then added reagent p-dimetilaminobenzaldehida (DMAB) and absorbtion measured at 584 nm wave. The obtained GlcNAc were to be concentrated using evaporator and freeze dryer. The results showed that GlcNAc concentration obtained was very low. The optimal production (2,228 μg/mL) were observed at the initial pH 4 and urea as nitrogen source at day 10.
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Judul: Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Gen Penyandi Endo-1,4-β-glukanase dari Kapang Aspergillus fumigatus dan Aspergillus niger
Abstrak: Agricultural waste biomass containing cellulose is the raw material for bioethanol production and is the cheapest and most abundant in nature. It can be hydrolyzed with the help of cellulase enzymes produced by fungus A. fumigatus and A. niger. These enzymes consist of three main activities, namely endo-1,4-β- glucanase, exo-1,4-β-glucanase, and β-glucosidase. The main purpose of this research is isolation and characterization of genes encoding endo-1,4-β-glucanase from A. fumigatus and A. niger. The hypothesis is the gene encoding endoglucanase can be isolated using specific primers designed based on gene sequences accessible from the gene bank. Genes encoding endoglucanase isolated using RT-PCR (Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction) techniques and inserted into the vector pGEM-T Easy. Endoglucanase activity measurements carried out on pellets and supernatant of the recombinant cells by DNS (dinitrosalicylic acid) method. Electrophoresis of the PCR products showed that the gene has a size of approximately 1300 bp. BLAST analysis of the DNA sekuen showed that these genes are homologous with genes encoding endoglucanase accessible from the gene bank. Expression test of the genes encoding endoglucanase of A. niger showed that this gene has been successfully expressed in the cells of Escherichia coli through pYES2/CT vector. The highest activity of endoglucanase was found in the supernatant of the recombinant cells carrying vector pYES2/CT (8.8309 U/mg).
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Judul: Hubungan Ciri-Ciri Pribadi dan Perilaku Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1979 menetapkan Kepala Desa sebagai pejabat pemerintahan tertinggi didesa. Diantara Kepala Desa terdapat perbedaan-perbedaan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, karena berbedanya ciri - ciri pribadi yang mempengaruhi perilaku kepemimpinan Kepala Desa. Ciri - ciri pribadi adalah suatu ciri atau sifat seseorang yang bersumber dari unsur keturunan (hereditas) dan berkembang sesuai dengan keadaan lingkungannya. Perilaku kepemimpinan adalah tindak-tanduk seseorang dalam mengarahkan,membimbing dan mendorong orang lain agar bertingkah laku sesuai dengan yang dikehendakinya.
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