Judul: Production Patterns and Performance Businesses of Pacific Oyster (Crassostrea gigas) Enlargement in Hyogo, Japan
Abstrak: Pola produksi yang dilakukan Yoshida Suisan Company sebelum pengembangan usaha dalam satu tahun dilakukan selama musim semi, dingin, dan gugur dengan total waktu 9 bulan. Perencanaan pengembangan usaha pada perusahaan perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi perusahaan, untuk itu perlu dilakukannya budidaya tiram pasifik (Crassostrea gigas) sepanjang tahun untuk memenuhi permintaan konsumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perencanaan pola produksi dan kinerja usaha budidaya tiram pasifik di Yoshida Suisan Company, Hyogo, Jepang. Perencanaan pola produksi yang telah dibuat dalam 1 tahun menghasilkan 12 siklus pembesaran tiram pasifik selama musim panas, gugur, dingin dan semi menggunakan 24 karamba. Panen dapat dilakukan sebanyak 4 karamba setiap bulannya di tahun ke-2. Efisiensi waktu selama 4 musim juga membuat peningkatan kapasitas produksi dari 600 ton menjadi 1200 dalam satu tahun, yang berarti ikut berpartisipasi dalam pemenuhan total produksi tiram pasifik Jepang sebanyak 0.81%. Kinerja usaha yang didapatkan setelah perencanaan pola produksi adalah PP 1,78 tahun dan R/C 1,81 yang berarti usaha kegiatan pembesaran tiram pasifik tersebut layak untuk dijalankan., The production pattern carried out by Yoshida Suisan Company before developing the business in one year is carried out during spring, winter and autumn for a total of 9 months. Business development planning for companies needs to be carried out to increase the company's economic value, for this reason it is necessary to cultivate pacific oysters (Crassostrea gigas) throughout the year to meet consumer demand. This research aims to analyze production pattern planning and performance of the pacific oyster cultivation business at Yoshida Suisan Company, Hyogo, Japan. The production pattern planning that was made in 1 year resulted in 12 pacific oyster rearing cycles during summer, autumn, winter and spring using 24 cages. Harvest can be done as many as 4 cages every month in the 2nd year. Time efficiency over 4 seasons also increases production capacity from 600 tons to 1200 in one year, which means participating in fulfilling the total production of Japanese pacific oysters by 0.81%. The business performance obtained after planning production patterns is PP 1.78 years and R/C 1.81, which means that the pacific oyster growing business is feasible to run.
Keyword: business performance, pacific oysters, production patterns

Judul: Production Performance and Bussines of Apartment System Soka Crab Farming with Various Acclimatization Techniques
Abstrak: Budidaya kepiting soka dalam boks apartemen dengan recirculated aquaculture system (RAS) masih menggunakan benih hasil tangkapan alam. Lokasi sumber benih dengan kegiatan budidaya seringkali berjauhan, sehingga dibutuhkan pengangkutan yang umumnya dilakukan secara kering, yang dapat menyebabkan kepiting stres. Pascapengangkutan kepiting membutuhkan aklimatisasi sebelum ditebar ke boks apartemen namun informasi mengenai teknik aklimatisasinya masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis respons fisiologis, tingkah laku, kinerja produksi dan usaha budidaya kepiting soka sistem apartemen dengan berbagai teknik aklimatisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu perendaman dan aerasi 60 menit (P1), pencipratan 60 menit (P2), serta pencipratan 30 menit dan perendaman 30 menit (P3). Benih kepiting bakau (Scylla serrata) yang digunakan sebanyak 120 ekor berukuran 40-80 g dan dipelihara selama 30 hari dalam boks apartemen RAS. Kepiting diberi pakan ikan selar kuning satu kali sehari (17.00) secara restrictred (5% dari bobot). Kualitas air dijaga melalui penyifonan sisa pakan dan feses. Paramater penelitian yaitu glukosa hemolim, tingkah laku, tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH), laju pertumbuhan mutlak bobot (LPMBb), persentase molting, rasio konversi pakan (RKP), revenue/cost (R/C) dan break event poin (BEP). Perbedaan teknik aklimatisasi tidak berpengaruh terhadap TKH dan LPMBb. Persentase molting dan RKP terbaik diperoleh pada P1 dan P3. Respons fisiologis dan tingkah laku terbaik terdapat pada P3. Kinerja usaha pada semua perlakuan mengalami kerugian dengan R/C <1 dan produksi belum mencapai BEP., Farming soft shell crabs in apartment boxes using a recirculated aquaculture system (RAS) still uses fisheries caught seeds. The location of the seed source and farm activities are often far apart, so transportation is required which is generally carried out in dry condition, which can cause stress to the crabs. Post transportation of crabs requires environmental adjustment (acclimatization) before being stocked in apartment boxes, but information regarding acclimatization techniques is still limited. This research aims to analyze the physiological response, behavior, production performance and culture of soft shell crabs in an apartment system using various acclimatization techniques. This research used a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications, namely 60 minutes of immersion and aeration (P1), 60 minutes of splashing (P2), and 30 minutes of splashing and 30 minutes of immersion (P3). There were 120 mud crab (Scylla serrata) seed each weighing 40-80 g were reared for 30 days in the RAS apartment boxes. The crabs were given yellow trevally fish once a day (17.00) on a restricted basis (5% of weight). Water quality is maintained through siphoning of leftover feed and feces. The research parameters are hemolytic glucose, behavior, survival rate (SR), absolute weight growth rate, molting percentage, feed conversion ratio (FCR), revenue/cost (R/C) and break event points (BEP). Differences in acclimatization techniques have no effect on SR and absolute weight growth rate. The best molting percentage and FCR were obtained at P1 and P3. The best physiological and behavioral responses are found in P3. Business performance in all treatments experienced losses with R/C <1 and production had not reached BEP.
Keyword: acclimatization, apartement box, mud crab, RAS, stress

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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