Judul: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Corn Farmers in the Management of Plant Pest Organism in Pesisir selatan District, West Sumatra
Abstrak: Serangan hama dan penyakit pada tanaman jagung mengakibatkan menurunnya produksi jagung bahkan dapat menyebabkan gagal panen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani dalam budi daya jagung di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan dan upaya menanggulangi OPT yang berkaitan dengan karakter petani dalam mengelola hama dan penyakit pada tanaman jagung. Penentuan responden dilakukan secara terpilih (purposive sampling) berdasarkan populasi penduduk yang bekerja sebagai petani jagung di kecamatan tersebut. Jumlah responden sebanyak 60 petani jagung dari tiga kecamatan yaitu Kecamatan Ranah Pesisir, Linggo Sari Baganti, dan Lengayang. Jenis dan sumber data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara secara langsung dengan petani responden menggunakan panduan kuesioner terstruktur, sedangkan data sekunder diperoleh dari Badan Penyuluh Pertanian Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kurangnya pengetahuan petani terhadap PHT dan petani di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan sangat bergantung pada penggunaan pestisida sintetik dalam mengelola OPT. Tindakan petani dalam mengelola hama dan penyakit juga dipengaruhi oleh faktor kebiasaan cara bertani secara turun temurun dan pengaruh dari petani lain. Perlu dilakukan kegiatan penyuluhan kepada petani mengenai cara pengelolaan OPT pada petani di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan., Pests and diseases that attack corn crops resulted in a decrease in corn production and caused crop failure. This study aimed to determine the knowledge, attitudes, and Practices of corn farmers in Pesisir Selatan Regency related to Integrated Pest Management (IPM) on corn plants. Respondents were selected by purposive sampling based on the population as corn farmers in the sub-district. The respondents were 60 corn farmers from three sub-districts, namely Ranah Pesisir, Linggo Sari Baganti, and Lengayang sub-districts. The types and sources of data used in this study were primary and secondary data. Primary data were obtained through direct interviews with respondents using a structured questionnaire guidance, while secondary data were obtained from the Agricultural Extension Agency in Pesisir Selatan Regency. The research showed that there is a lack of knowledge of farmers on IPM, and the farmers in Pesisir Selatan Regency are very dependent on the use of synthetic pesticides in managing plant pests and deseases. Farmers' practices in managing pests and diseases were influenced by farming habits from generation to generation as well as other farmers. It is necessary to carry out outreach activities to farmers on how to manage pests for farmers in Pesisir Selatan Regency.
Keyword: corn pests and deseases, interview, IPM, survey

Judul: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Farmers on IPM of Potato Plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Cikajang District, Garut Regency
Abstrak: Kentang (Solanum tuberosum L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas hortikultura unggulan yang banyak diproduksi di Indonesia. Salah satu sentra produksi kentang di Jawa Barat adalah Kabupaten Garut dengan wilayah penghasil tertinggi di Kecamatan Cikajang. Adanya serangan hama dan patogen pada pertanaman kentang menjadi salah satu penyebab penurunan produksi kentang. Penyakit utama pada pertanaman kentang diantaranya layu bakteri, layu Fusarium, dan hawar daun kentang. Sementara hama yang sering menyerang tanaman kentang diantaranya ulat tanah, lalat pengorok daun, serta penggerek daun dan umbi kentang. Upaya pengendalian yang dilakukan oleh petani umumnya berupa langkah preventif dan responsif dengan menekankan pada penggunaan pestisida. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi mengenai karakteristik petani, teknik budi daya, serta pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan petani di Kecamatan Cikajang dalam mengendalikan hama dan penyakit kentang secara PHT. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa pengumpulan data dengan metode wawancara terhadap 50 petani, serta pengamatan langsung ke lapangan untuk melihat hama dan penyakit yang dominan ditemukan pada pertanaman kentang. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Office Excel 2013 dan SPSS 26. Petani di Kecamatan Cikajang umumnya sudah memiliki tingkat pengetahuan yang baik terutama mengenai teknik budi daya. Sikap dan tindakan petani pun sudah cukup sesuai dengan komponen PHT, namun mayoritas petani masih bergantung pada pestisida sebagai alternatif pengendalian OPT (organisme pengganggu tanaman). Beberapa OPT yang ditemukan di lapangan adalah hawar daun (Phytophthora infestans), ulat grayak (Spodoptera litura), aphid, dan thrips., Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is one of the leading horticultural commodities which is widely produced in Indonesia. One of potato production centers in West Java is Garut Regency with the highest-producing area in Cikajang District. The presence of pests and pathogens in potato cultivation is one of the causes of a decrease in potato production. The main diseases in potato plantations include bacterial wilt, fusarium wilt, and potato leaf blight. While the pests that often attack potato plants include Agrotis ipsilon, leafminer flies, and Phthorimaea opeerculella. Control efforts carried out by farmers are generally in the form of preventive and responsive measures by emphasizing the use of pesticides. This study aims to obtain information on the characteristics of farmers, cultivation techniques, knowledge, attitudes, and practices of farmers in Cikajang District in controlling potato pests and diseases by IPM measurement. The method applyed in this study were data collection by interviewing 50 farmers, and observations to note which dominant pests and diseases were found in potato plantations. Data analysis was carried out using Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and SPSS 26. Farmers in Cikajang generally have good knowledge, especially regarding cultivation techniques. The attitudes and practices by farmers are also quite in accordance by the IPM components, but the majority of farmers still depend on pesticides as an alternative to control the pests and diseases at their farm. Several potato pests and diseases found in the field were leaf blight (Phytophthora infestans), armyworms (Spodoptera litura), aphids, and thrips.
Keyword: Cikajang district, farmers characters, potato pathogen

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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