Judul: Pemanfaatan bungkil biji jarak pagar sebagai sumber protein pada ayam kampung dan kajian senyawa aktifnya terhadap Salmonella typhimurium.
Abstrak: Source of vegetable protein for poultry feed is very limited and still rely on soybean meal. Therefore, alternative sources to replace soybean meal are required. One such ingredient is jatropha seed meal (JSM). The use of JSM in poultry ration is still limited since it is associated with the presence of anti nutritive and toxic compounds also the presence of shells that can not be digested by monogastric animals. The were 4 kinds of research theme which conducted to overcome the problem of JSM. The aim of first theme was to determine the best method of detoxification of JSM and to test the active compound in JSM as Salmonella typhimurium anti bacteria. From the research results it can be concluded that the detoxification JSM through both the autoclave heating or steaming can increase the nutritional value and lower the antinutrive a compund. However, it was found that JSM did not show any inhibition activity in vitro on Salmonella typhimurium. Phase II study was conducted to measure improving of the nutritional value of feed containing JSM was fermented. The study used twenty five chickens of 10 weeks old (20 chickens were given 5 test rations, 5 chickens to measure endogenous energy). It is concluded that the supplementation of fermented JSM with phytase and a mixture of cellulase and phytase gives a better effect in increasing metabolyzable energy. Phase III study was conducted to determine the performance, blood profile and histopathology of liver and kidney. One hundred sixty chickens of 3 weeks old were used in this experiment arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. It can be concluded that the fermented treatment JSM supplemented with cellulase and phytase produced performance, blood profil and liver and kidney histopathology similar to the control treatment JSM unfermented. The objective of phase 1V study was to determine the best level of fermented JSM in the ration that supplemented by cellulase and phytase to produce the highest performance of chicken. Two hundred seventy chickens of 3 week old were used in this experiment arranged in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 6 replications. The results showed that body weight gains of chicken fed fermented JSM (7.5; 10 and 12.5%) with enzyme supplementation were more pronounced, (23.10%, 41.52% and 23.83%, respectively) compared those fed unfermented JSM. Up to level of 10%, fermented JSM did not show any negative effect on organ weight, blood profile, histopathology. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that fermented JSM with enzyme supplemented can be used up to 10% in the diet. The protein of fermented JSM with enzyme supplementation can replace protein of soybean up to 32.17% in chicken diet.
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Judul: Uji biologis bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dengan pengolahan ekstrak metanol dan fermentasi menggunakan Rhizopus oryzae serta Trichoderma viride pada ayam broiler
Abstrak: The utilization of Jatropha curcas meal as feedstuff is restricted by anti nutrients such as saponin, protease inhibitor, phytic acid and toxic substances like curcin and phorbolester contained in the Jatropha curcas meal. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the biological value of Jatropha curcas meal treated with methanol extraction and fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viride on broiler chickens. The biological test used twenty broiler chickens of four weeks of age and using after Sibbald method (1980). The treatments were P0 (Jatropha curcas meal without treatment), P1 (extracted Jatropha curcas meal using methanol), P2 (fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Rhizopus oryzae), and P3 (fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Trichoderma viride). Design of this study was completely randomized design, with four treatments and four replications. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and differences among treatments were further tested using Duncan Multiple Range test. The parameters observed were dry matter digestion, nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME), calcium and phosporus absorption. The P1, P2 and P3 treatments highly significantly (P<0.01) reduced the dry matter digestion, AME and phosphorus absorption. The treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced nitrogen retention, however its did not affect the calcium absorption. The values of dry matter digestion were 21.92% (P1), 8.88% (P2) and 21.88% (P3). The values of nitrogen retention were 36.39% (P1), 12.71% (P2) and 40.14% (P3). The values of apparent metabolizable energy were 1299.23 kcal/kg (P1), 1009.62 kcal/kg (P2) dan 1593.72 kcal/kg (P3). The values of calcium absorption were 41.04% (P1), 22,71% (P2) and 64.63% (P3). The values of absorptin phosphorus were -27.26% (P1), -95.4% (P2) and -3.94% (P3). These low values because of crude fiber contained in the treated Jatropha curcas meal. The conclusion of this experiment was Jatropha curcas meal as a single feedstuff of broiler chickens had low dry matter digestion, nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolizable Energy, calcium and phosporus absorption. The usage of treated Jatropha curcas meal should be mixed.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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