Judul: Kajian Sifat Kristalisasi Lemak pada Minyak Sawit Kasar
Abstrak: Indonesia is the biggest crude palm oil (CPO) producer in the world. Study on fat crystallization of CPO is needed to improve the knowledge of CPO handling during storage and transportation. The aim of this study is to characterize fat crystallization properties of CPO related to storage and transportation. Solid fat content (SFC) of CPO were decreased in higher temperature. After four weeks storage, SFC of CPO were increased at 20 ºC and 25 ºC, but were decreased at 30-40 ºC. CPO crystallized in slow cooling rate (0.2 ºC/minute) had higher SFC, meanwhile CPO crystallized in faster cooling rate (0.5 ºC/minute and 1 ºC/minute) had lower SFC. CPO which crystallized under slow cooling resulted higher Avrami constant (k) and lower Avrami exponent (n) than CPO which crystallized under fast cooling. The Avrami constant on cooling rate 0.2 ºC/minute, 0.5ºC/minute, and 1 ºC/minute were 0.013, 0.003, and 0.002 respectively. CPO which crystallized under fast cooling had higher induction time and crystallization half time. The Avrami exponent on cooling rate 0.2 ºC/minute, 0.5 ºC/minute, and 1 ºC/minute was 1.614, 2.032, and 2.170 repectively. Faster crystallization occured on higher shear rate. CPO which crystallized under higher shear rate had longer induction time than lower shear rate.
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Judul: Karakteristik Minyak Sawit Kasar Selama Penyimpanan dan Pengaliran
Abstrak: Crude palm oil (CPO) is one of Indonesia's main commodity. Nowadays, Indonesia is the largest CPO producer in the world. To increase the competitiveness of CPO in Indonesia, handling, storage, and transportation of CPO should be managed efficiently. The objective of this research was to obtain the basic data about the quality characteristics and rheological properties of CPO during storage and pipe flow transportation. The quality parameters of CPO that observed in this study were free fatty acids (FFA), iodine value, carotenoid content, and the deterioration of bleachability index (DOBI). The observed parameters of the rheological properties were flow behavior index (n) and consistency index (K). CPO that used in this research had 3.44% of FFA, 52.64 of iodine value, 816 ppm of carotenoid content, and 3.21 of DOBI. CPO was stored at the storage temperature of 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40 oC over 4 weeks. The results showed that during storage, FFA levels increased, while the carotenoid content and DOBI decreased. The higher storage temperature resulted in higher rate of decline in CPO quality. At each storage temperature, the longer storage resulted in decreased quality of CPO. Based on this research, the best storage temperature to maintain the quality of CPO was at 20 oC. At the room temperature, CPO was pseudoplastic (0<n<1 and K>0), but at the higher storage temperature, CPO had rheological properties that closer to Newtonian (n=1 and K>0). The analysis of rheological properties during storage showed that storage time had no effect on the rheological properties of CPO. Study on CPO flow by using circulated pipeline in isothermal conditions showed that melting temperature was the critical temperature for maintaining low viscosity to assure the flow of CPO. Flow of CPO in high temperature caused decreasing in quality of CPO significantly.
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Judul: Desain Taman Heulang Sebagai Taman Tematik Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Taman kota merupakan ruang publik tempat manusia berkumpul dan melakukan berbagai aktifitas didalamnya. Ada beberapa fungsi taman kota seperti perkumpulan komunitas, wadah olahraga, edukasi lingkungan, meningkatkan kesehatan dan memberikan nilai estetik. Salah satu taman kota di Bogor adalah Taman Heulang yang berlokasi di Kecamatan Tanah Sareal, dikelilingi oleh perumahan kalangan ekonomi menengah keatas dan utamanya digunakan sebagai wadah olahraga. Bertentangan dengan fungsinya, kegiatan tersebut belum didukung oleh fasilitas yang dapat memberikan kenyamanan dan keamanan pengguna. Terdapat pula bentuk vandalisme pada tapak. Konsep taman tematik adalah salah satu program yang dikembangkan oleh Kota Bandung dan Surabaya untuk merevitalisasi dan menciptakan taman kota dengan tema tertentu. Sudah terbukti bahwa dengan kehadiran taman tematik masyarakat lebih menyukai, mengapresiasi, dan tertarik untuk mengunjungi taman-taman kota, bahkan menjadi sakah satu tujuan rekreasi. Sehingga, dalam menyelesaikan masalah yang ada pada tapak, konsep taman tematik dapat diterapkan untuk mengembalikan apresiasi masyarakat, memaksimalkan fungsi tapak dan mengenalkan sebuah pendekatan baru dalam merancang taman kota di Bogor.
Keyword: Bogor city, Heulang park, city parks, thematic park