Judul: Peran Isolat Bakteri Pencerna Serat Dalam Pencernaan Nutrien Pada Pedet Lepas Sapih Yang Diberi Pakan Periode Pertumbuhan
Abstrak: In Indonesia, milk and beef production do not meet the needs. High calves mortality is one of the factors related to the problem. Reducing calf mortality and shortening weaning period are necessary to improve the population and farmers profit. The research was designed to evaluate the effect of inoculation of fiber degrading bacteria during pre-weaning period of dairy calves on nutrient intake and digestibility in post-weaning. The treatments were control and inoculation of bacteria isolates that applied in four and three Frisian Holstein calves, respectively. Both treatments were applied to the calf by a complete randomized design. Variables measured were nutrient intake, dry and organic matter digestibility, and the concentration of ruminal ammonia (NH3) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). Dry matter intake was determined from the beginning of the experimental period. Nutrient digestibility, ruminal NH3 and VFA concentration were determined four weeks after weaning. The data obtained were analyzed statistically using t-test method with α = 0.05. The results showed that the inoculation of bacteria isolates affected the concentration of ruminal VFA of weaned calves. Inoculation of bacteria isolates had no significant effect on nutrient intake, nutrient digestibility and concentrations of ruminal ammonia. It was concluded that inoculation of fiber degrading bacteria into the rumen of calves in milk feeding period improved nutrient fermentability but not improved nutrient intake and its digestibility in post-weaning period.
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Judul: Status Fisiologis Dan Performa Pedet Peranakan Friesian Holstein Prasapih Yang Diinokulasi Bakteri Pencerna Serat Dengan Pakan Bersuplemen Kobalt
Abstrak: Calves are very suceptible to feed and environmental condition. Blood circulation including red blood cell has important roles in adaptation process and thermoregulation in calves. Red blood synthesis is affected by availability of cobalamin. Sinthesis and availability of cobalamin depends upon the ruminal microbes activitis. The present experiment was designed to evaluate the influence of inoculation of fiber degrading bacteria. Nine new born Friesian Holstein grade calves were used in the experiment. Four calves were inoculated with fiber degrading bacteria and other 5 calves were control. Calves were offered milk and calf starter supplemented with cobalt (Co) for four weeks. Dry matter and Co intake, body weight, rectal temperature, heart beat, respiration rate and body size were determined weekly, whereas blood components and Co content were determined at the end of the experimental period. Data were analysed statistically using t-Test. Dry matter intake, weight gain, red blood cell, hematocrite and hemoglobine of calves in control group were lower than that of calves inoculated by fiber degrading bacteria. However, heart beat, respiration rate and rectal temperature of the calves in the control group were higher than that of calves inoculated fiber degrading bacteria. It was concluded that inoculation of fiber degrading bacteria into the rumen of pre weaning calves increased dry matter intake, weight gain and improve the adaptation capability of calves to environmental condition.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular