Judul: Ekonomi dan Kelembagaan Hutan Rakyat untuk Menunjang Pasokan Bahan Baku Industri Slat Pensil
Abstrak: Private forests can cover the shortage of raw materials supply from natural forests. Timber from private forest has a lowed quality, although private forests have a great potensial to use. Usage logs from private forest has showed a positive trend during the last decade. One kind of private forest were potential to be developed is a Pulai (Alstonia sp.) private forest in Musi Rawas. It is evolved considerably because this species are endemic and the market are available. Pulai wood is the main raw material for the production of pencils. Nowdays, supply of logs Pulai had not been optimal for pencil industry during the last 5 years. The purpose of the study were to analyze the feasibility private forest of Pulai (Alstonia sp.), analyzes contributing of private forest income in total income of farmers, analyze institutional private forests and analyzes the factors that affect farmers decisions to commercialize private forest. Study was conducted in Musi Rawas District at two villages namely SP 5 Suka Makmur (monoculture private forest Scheme of Private Forest Business Credit /or KUHR) and Sumber Harta (private forest agroforestry pattern of Pulai and Rubber). This study used survey method and multistage sampling. The results showed that private forest cultivation both monoculture system and agroforestry are feasible. However, agroforestry system are more profitable. Based on the sensitivity analysis, both private forest cultivation systems are sensitive to discharge in revenue compared to if there is increase in costs. Increasing private forest land area correlates with increasing of farmer‟s income and contribution of private forest average 10.3% to total farmer‟s income. The biggest farmers household expenditure are on food needs such as from rice and non-rice. There is growing tendency of private forest land area then the bigger the household expenses. Based on the Sayogyo‟s poverty line criteria, most of farmers in the study site are include on live well category. Pulai wood are tractable, dried, preserved and has a moderate swelling and shrinkage of wood. Pulai wood has known as light wood types, so it could be minimize in cost and effort when transporting. Private forest monoculture in SP 5 Suka Makmur village use cropping systems “cemplongan”, while the private forest in Sumber Harta village using intercropping planting. Farmers made farmers' groups aims to improve the welfare, solve problems and add information. Agroforestry Farmers Group will be exist even with narrow area of the private forest and traditional cultivation system of Pulai, while monoculture Farmers Group of KUHR because it is formed by interesting project will lose its role. The partnership between PT. XIP and monoculture farmer can classified as core-plasma partnership. The farmers provide the land and industry responsibility about cost, inputs, technical guidance and improved technology. Musi Rawas community has been cultivated rubber for a long time, people prefer the rubber business as main livelihood while private forest of Pulai as a sideline which is used as a savings. If farmers have bare land, they prefer to cultivate rubber than pulai. Farmers want to join KUHR program if they have fairly extensive marginal land. Each of the stakeholders involved
Keyword: agroforestry, private forest, feasibility, monoculture, pulai

Judul: Studi Distribusi Keuntungan dan Kelestarian Hutan Rakyat (Kasus di Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The existence of private forest give ecological and economical benefit to the society. Private forest also became the main resources for wood processing industries. The development of wood processing industries in Bogor is increasing day by day. This situation should be motivate the private forest farmers to develop their forest. Instead, the private wood production in Leuwiliang is decreasing every year due to the high rate of harvesting without balancing the replanting by the farmers. The empowerment of private forest in Kecamatan Leuwiliang still became a secondary job. The lack of market information and farmer knowledge on marketing the private woods added with low amount of capital affect the role of tengkulak became dominant. This situation affected the distribution of profit to the role player of private forest woods marketing not well spread. The low profit and undistributed uniformly may reduce the enthusiasm and motivation of private forest farmers. This will eventually affected the sustainable of private forest and the empowerment of private forest and also the supply of resources for wood processing industries. The purpose of this research is to find the potencies and the sustainable of private forest in Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Find the profit distribution from the organization that involve in private woods marketing, and to find the connection between profit distribution and the sustainable of private forest using the correlation analysis. The method that was used in this research was the Purposive Sampling. Data collection done by interview to respondent using questionnaire, and also through observation and literature study to collect secondary data. The average number of trees in sample village were 50 stem/ha that consist of 31 stem/ha Sengon and 28 stem/ha African woods. From all off sample village the number of Sengon tree and African tree relative small, this situation because the society prefer to plant Merahan variety that produces fruit like Durian, Kecapi, Jack fruit and etc. The structure conditions of private forest were shown by the diameter distribution, the number of trees on every farm owner and the harvest pattern. Sengon on the diameter 11 – 15 cm class were decreasing, while the largest number on the diameter 10 cm class. This was affected by the high rate of diameter 11-15 cm class logging. These conditions also happen to the African trees. The number of diameter < 10 cm class of Sengon and African compare with other diameter show that the society still done planting in their fields although they only depend on the natural reforestration. The marketing of private woods in Kecamatan Leuwiliang into the sawing industries could be divided into two main distribution channel that are channel through tengkulak and channel without tengkulak. The organization that spends larger cost will get a larger profit. The amount of profit received by the organization in order are sawing industries, tengkulak and private forest farmer. From the correlation analysis obtained correlation co efficiency number between benefit (X) and conservation (Y) is -0.346 this means the relation between two variable is reverse because the negative value, where the conservation number become higher so the distribution profit become
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Judul: Distemper Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Distemper merupakan penyakit infeksius pada bimbingan anjing yang menduduki tempet teratas dan penyakit ini tersebar di seluruh bagian dunia dimana terdapat anjing-anjing yang dipelihara, terutama pada anjing-anjing muda di kota-kota besar, pada kelompok-kelompok anjing atau pada situasi lain dimana banyak terdapat kontak antara anjing. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh virus yang termasuk dalam famili Paramyxoviridae dan genus Morbilivirus. Infeksi virus ini sering disertai oleh infeksi sekunder oleh kuman Staphylococcus, streptococcus, Brucella bronchiseptica dan kuman Salmonella, inilah yang kadang-kadang sebagai penyebab kematian.
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