Judul: Efficacy of Ginger and Turmeric Rhizome Extracts As An Effort to Extend the Storage Period of Salak Pondoh Due to Fungal Infection. This research was conducted
Abstrak: Control of postharvest diseases of fruits using chemical fungicides so far are quite effective, but its side effect on human health is not recommended. Therefore, it is necessary to find another technique which is cheaper and safer using botanical fungicide. Red ginger and turmeric extracts have strong antifungal activities, consequently they were used in this study. This study aimed: 1) To determine the most often fungal species isolated and the most potential fungal isolate which cause postharvest disease of salak Pondoh; 2) To asses the effectiveness of red ginger and turmeric rhizome extracts in inhibiting the growth of the most potential fungal isolate; 3) To find the most effective coating formula i.e wax concentration in combination with extract concentration of botanical fungicide to maintain the quality of salak Pondoh during storage. Randomized block design was used to determine the efficacy of two factors, i.e botanical fungicides (red ginger and turmeric rhizome extracts) and three concentrations (20, 30 and 40 %) of each botanical fungicide extract. A complete randomized block design with three treatments was used to examine the effect of red ginger extract and wax on fungal infection of salak Pondoh during storage. The three treatments were 1) waxing 10%; 2) red ginger rhizome extract 30%; 3) the combination of ginger rhizome extract 30% and waxing 10%. Salak Pondoh not coated wax 10 % and red ginger extract 30 % was used as control. Three replicates were used either on treatment or control. Water content of salak Pondoh, fruit hardness, total dissolved solid, respiration rate, weight loss, organoleptic test were determine using oven method, reometer, refractometer, closed system, gravimetric, and panelist test, respectively. Twelve fungal isolats were found in salak Pondoh collected from seven traditional markets and supermarkets in Bogor. Nine isolates of them were Thielaviopsis paradoxa, three other isolates were Mucor sp. Geotricum sp. and Fusarium graminearum. Thielaviopsis. paradoxa was the most often isolated fungal species and it caused the disease on salak Pondoh. The most virulent isolate of T. paradoxa was PSYSI1 and its disease symptom was 2 010 mm2. The result indicated that red ginger and turmeric extracts inhibited the growth of the T. paradoxa PSYSI1 at the concentration of 30 % or more, but red ginger extract was more potential to inhibit the fungal isolate (100 %) compared to turmeric extract (34 %). The use of 30 % ginger extract in combination with 10% waxing could maintain the quality of salak Pondoh at room temperature (28-29oC) and 65-75 % RH until 12 days of storage, while the control only up to 9 days of storage.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pelilinan pada Ujung Buah Salak Pondoh Pascapanen dengan suhu yang berbeda terhadap Investasi Penyakit
Abstrak: Salacca fruits (Salacca edulis R.) pondoh variety is one of the special horticultural product of Indonesia with relatively high productivity. This product become more popular for domestic and international consumers, so that will be one of the main tropical export of Indonesia. However, there are still many problems related with post harvest handling of salacca, especially fungus attack at the end-port of fruits that cause changes its smell, taste and texture, that will cause shorter their self life. From preliminary research was found that damage of the sample from traditional market was 16.17 %/day with shelf life until 6 days, whereas the sample from modern market had lower damage percentage (13.86 %/day) and could be remain good until day-7. Addressing these results, then continued by research, using samples that were treated by several consentrations of waxing, i.e. 8, 10, and 12% and without waxing as a control, then stored at 10°C and 20°C, respectively. The aim of this research was to investigate the effectiveness of bee wax emulsion on the growth of deaseas at the egde of Pondoh sallaca under various storage temperatures. The result showed that the storage at 10°C could decrease the respiration rate compared with at 20°C, and consentration at 8% produced the lowest rate of respiration (2.45 ml/kg.hour of O2, and 5.61 ml/kg/hour of CO2). From the organoleptic measurement, combination of 8% of wax concentration and temperature 10°C was accepted by panelists until day-30, where as control sample at temperature of 10°C were rejected by 23 days after storage. From the result of this research result, can be recommended that combination 8% of wax concentration and storage temperature 10°C was the best condition to prevent rotten of the edge of Pondoh salacca fruit.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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