Judul: Toksisitas Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA), Produk Turunan Pati Resisten Tipe 3 Hasil Fermentasi Ubi Jalar (Ipomoea batatas) Oleh Bakteri Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 Terhadap Sel HCT-116
Abstrak: Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) is a food that contains high type 3 resistant starch. Fermentation of type 3 resistant starch by several bacteria such as Clostridium can produce Short Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) containing acetate, propionate, and butyrate. SCFA butyrate is capable to inhibit the growth of colon carcinoma cells with an apoptosis pathway. The aim of this research was to analyze the toxicity of SCFA produce from fermentation of type-3 resistant starch from sweet potato with the bacterium Clostridium butyricum BCC B2571 against human colon carcinoma cell line using hemacytometer cell counting method and detection of apoptotic cells by Hoechst 33258 staining. The type 3 resistant starch fermented from sweet potato with a molar ratio of acetate, propionate, and butyrate at 52.95 mM : 66.93 mM : 92.41 mM were used as the primary working solution which was further diluted. VERO cell was used in the analysis as a normal cell with treatment given at concentration of 10 mM; 5 mM: 2.5 mM: 1.25 mM: 0.625 mM, while HCT 116 cells was used as a colon cancer cells by treatment with 1.25 mM; 0.625 mM: 0.313 mM: 0.156 mM; 0.078 mM. The results showed that the butyrate concentration of 1.25 mM showed the high toxicity of 85.42% to HCT 116 cells and in VERO cells showed low toxicity at 46.97%. Detection of apoptosis using Hoechst 33258 staining showed that apoptosis occurred in HCT-116 cells by a SCFA concentration of 1.25 mM and 0.625 mM.
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Judul: Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profile produced by Clostridium butyricum grown on medium containing type 3 resistant starch (RS3) of sweet potato
Abstrak: Gastrointestines is an important part of body metabolism which affects human health. One of the deseases which attack gastrointestines is colorectal cancer (CRC) which can be prevented by proper lifestyle and consumption of healthy functional food. SCFA are the main products of anaerobic microbial fermentation in the large intestine and affect colonic health by providing energy to the epithelial cells. The organic acids produced in the colon are acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid. Interest in butyrate role as a possible protective agent has arisen from its anti-proliferative effects on cells in vitro including colon tumour cell lines. Resistant starch (RS), is retrogradaded starch that escapes digestion in the small intestine and can be fermented in colon by anaerobic bacteria producing SCFA which contributes to the gastrointestinal health, and thus can be classified as funtional food. The crystalline non-granular starch (RS3) can be obtained from many starchy sources, such as rice, corn, maize, wheat, sago, banana, potato, and sweet potato. In this study, jago sweet potato used contain 31% starch content. Jago sweet potato is usually consumed indirectly as the taste is not preferable.
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Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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