Judul: Effective Conflict Management for Capture Fisheries in the Southern Sea of East Java
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to describe conflict typology, implemented local conflict management efforts and their effectiveness in Sendang Biru, Popoh and Prigi Bay in order to design an effective conflict management model. Data are obtained through a series of surveys in the study areas. Participatory institutional survey and conflict evaluation exercise were used to describe the conflicts. Principal component analysis and structural equation model were applied to verify hypotheses of capability of community in identifying factors determining conflict and selecting conflict resolution methods. The research was conducted to identify nine types of capture fisheries conflicts namely: 1) conflict on fee imposition 2) conflict on anchoring/landing port 3) conflict on fight for fishing ground, 4) conflict on capture tool discrepancy, 5) conflict on the use of potassium/chemical substances 6) conflict of fishing harvest division 7) conflict between local fishers and migrant fishers 8) conflict on environmental pollution and 9) conflict on coral reef destruction. Conflicts of capture fisheries are caused by eleven reasons namely 1) the number of people involved in conflict 2) the presence of community leaders in conflict, 3) the position of opposing sides 4) issues among the community 5) the local economic condition 6) the number of fishers 7) socio-cultural background 8) regulations and law enforcement 9) special community interests 10) competition in the use of resources and 11) perception of the people towards remaining resources. All conflicts were resolved by alternative dispute resolution method (ADR), namely: facilitation, negotiation, mediation and avoidance.
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Judul: Model of management of capture fisheries area in Banten Bay
Abstrak: Banten Bay is area which quite rapid development for many activities. Industrial waste disposal, domestic, over fishing, coral exploitation, reclamation, vessel traffic, and environmental damage, cause interest multi sector conflict in managing sea area. General objective of the research is to create model of management of sustainable capture fisheries area in Banten Bay. The specific objectives are to (1) determine utilization status and development prospect of capture fisheries; (2) determine leading commodity; (3) determine environmentally friendly fishing gears, (4) establish utilization zone; (5) arrange policy strategy in managing capture fisheries; and (6) simulate of model of management of capture fisheries. Evaluating utilization status and development prospect of capture fisheries was conducted using surplus production method with bionomic model. Determination of leading commodity was conducted with LQ value, IS, and descriptive method. Environmental and sustainable fishing gear was analyzed using CCRF criteria with scoring method approach. Zoning of capture fisheries area utilization was conducted by GIS. Management strategy of capture fisheries area was conducted with SWOT and AHP. Simulate of model of management of capture fisheries was conducted with LGP and model simulation of sustainable fish resources and salary fisherman. The result showed that utilization status and development prospect of capture fisheries in Banten Bay can still be developed for 9 species from 23 species. Squid, anchovy, and crab were commodities with high comparative advantages. Hand line, boat lift net, and gillnet were environmentally fishing gears. Zoning of Banten Bay utilization are consist of aquaculture, recreation, conservation, capture fisheries, fishing port, and industrial zone. Zone of capture fisheries was composed base on fishing ground eligibility indicator, suitability of fishing gear with fishing ground, minimum of conflict potency, availability of infrastructure, and environmental carrying capacity. Capture fisheries zone is divided into three zones, that are (i) passive zone, (ii) passive and outboard fishing boat zone, (iii) active and inboard fishing boat zone. Based on LGP analysis, maximum catch was 1.747,259 ton/year, alocation for fishing gear of gillnet, danish seine net, set lift net, boat lift net, boat seine, hand line, guiding barrier trap, and monofilament gillnet were 3, 11, 11, 6, 2, 5, 0 and 0 unit, respectively. The proposed strategy in managing Banten Bay area were (1) utilization strategic location of Banten Bay with optimalization leading commodity for providing fish demand; (2) taking advantage of high availability of human resources and fisherman concern to manage capture fisheries area; (3) utilization local government support and regional autonomy to make policy in structuring and expansion of fishing area and involving coastal communities in the management. Model of management of capture fisheries area in Banten Bay can be increase of salary fisherman as much as 25% from first scenario and take care of sustainable fish resources the periode of time 18 years.
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Judul: Gerak Partikel Bermassa dan Tidak Bermassa di Sekitar Black Hole dalam Ruang-waktu Kerr 4+1 Dimensi
Abstrak: Metrik dari ruang-waktu Kerr 4+1 dimensi telah dikonstruksi di dalam penelitian sebelumnya, namun karakteristik dari ruang-waktu tersebut belum diuraikan lebih lanjut. Penelitian ini menguraikan karakteristik tersebut dengan merumuskan radius singularitas dan persamaan geodesiknya agar dapat memvisualisasikan gerak partikel bermassa dan tidak bermassa di sekitar black hole. Radius singularitas dari metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi dapat dihitung dari komponen dr^2 dan didapatkan hasil r=√(2M-a^2). Radius ini menggambarkan batas dari black hole atau dikenal sebagai event horizon. Radius event horizon lain juga ditemukan sebagai kasus khusus untuk partikel tidak bermassa dan didapatkan hasil r=√((ah/k)-a^2). Dari persamaan geodesik, hasil yang didapatkan berupa grafik-grafik potensial efektif dan visualisasi lintasan gerak partikel bermassa dan tidak bermassa yang berupa lintasan orbit tak terikat. Perbedaan bentuk setiap orbit lintasan partikel bermassa dan tidak bermassa ini diindikasikan sebagai konsekuensi dari dimensi ruang ekstra yang direpresentasikan dengan koordinat α., The metric of the 4+1 dimensional Kerr spacetime has been constructed in the previous research, however, the characteristics of this spacetime have not been elaborated furthermore. This research elaborates the characteristics by formulating the radius of singularity and geodesic equation for visualizing the massive and massless particle motion near the black hole. The radius of the singularity of the 4+1 dimensional Kerr metric can be obtained by dr^2-component and its result is r=√(2M-a^2). This radius describes the boundary of the black hole recognized as the event horizon. The other radius of event horizon also has been found as a special case for massless particle and its result is r=√((ah/k)-a^2). From the geodesic equation, the obtained results are in the form of graphs of the effective potential and visualization of the trajectories of massive and massless particle motion in the unbounded orbit. The difference between each trajectory of massive and massless particle motion is indicated as a consequence of the extra dimension represented by the α-coordinate.
Keyword: extra dimension, geodesic equation, Kerr spacetime, massive and massless particle, radius of singularity