Judul: Harvest  management  of  palm  oil  (elaeis  guineensis  jacq.)  in  teluk  bakau  estate,  pt  bhumireksa  nusa  sejati  minamas  plantation, riau
Abstrak: Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Teluk Bakau, PT Bhumireksa Nusa Sejati Minamas Plantation, Riau dari 10 Februari hingga 10 Juni 2014. Pelaksanaan kegiatan magang bertujuan untuk memperoleh pengalaman kerja, keterampilan dan pengetahuan khususnya pengetahuan kultur teknis tanaman kelapa sawit. Secara khusus kegiatan magang bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengelolaan panen melalui proses kegiatan panen, menganalisis permasalahan dan memecahkan masalah. Secara keseluruhan proses kegiatan panen untuk menghasilkan produksi TBS (Tandan Buah Segar) di Kebun Teluk Bakau berjalan dengan baik. Pelaksanaan panen yang efisien dipengaruhi oleh taksasi produksi, cuaca pada saat pelaksanaan panen, tingkat kematangan buah, rotasi panen, sistem pengangkutan hasil panen dan karyawan panen. Proses kegiatan angkut tandan buah segar di Kebun Teluk Bakau menggunakan jalur air. Saat proses pengangkutan masih terdapat kehilangan hasil pada buah dan brondolan. Pengawasan intensif terhadap karyawan merupakan salah satu langkah untuk menekan kehilangan hasil panen, The internship was conducted in Teluk Bakau Estate, PT Bhumireksa Nusa Sejati Minamas Plantation, Riau from February 10 th to June 10 th 2014. The purpose of internship is to get experience of work, skill and knowledge especially the technical culture of palm oil. In specifically, the purpose of internship is to learn management of harvesting by processing of harvesting activity, analyze of problem and solve problem. Process of harvesting activity that produced the fresh fruit bunch in the Teluk Bakau Estate had been good. There are some factors which influenced palm oil harvesting, they were prediction of production, weather in harvesting, fruit ripeness, harvested rotation, transportation and the labor. The harvesting activity in Teluk Bakau Estate used water transportation. There was still the losses during process of transportation. The intensive control to the labor was one of the measures to depress the losses
Keyword: panen, kehilangan hasil panen, produksi

Judul: Harvesting Management of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera
Abstrak: Panen merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang penting pada pengelolaan tanaman kelapa sawit. Keberhasilan panen dicapai dengan menghasilkan produktivitas tandan buah yang tinggi dengan kandungan rendemen minyak yang tinggi serta kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) yang rendah sehingga manajemen panen harus dilaksanakan secara optimal. Kegiatan magang mempelajari manajemen pemanenan kelapa sawit yaitu perencanaan panen, pengorganisasian panen, pelaksanaan panen, dan evaluasi panen. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Negeri Lama Selatan, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, Sumatera Utara mulai bulan Januari hingga Mei 2022. Kegiatan magang bekerja secara langsung sebagai pekerja harian lepas (PHL), pendamping mandor, dan pendamping asisten afdeling untuk mempelajari aspek teknis dan manajerial. Manajemen panen merupakan aspek khusus yang diamati dalam kegiatan magang. Rotasi panen terpanjang mencapai 13 hari, sedangkan standar perusahaan adalah 10 hari. Penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) tergolong cukup baik. Kapasitas panen terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan karena pekerja memperoleh basis harian yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata AKP sebesar 20,18% dan rata-rata varian sebesar 2,41%. Kebutuhan tenaga panen diperoleh taksasi sebesar 15,61 dan realisasi sebesar 14,20. Transportasi panen relatif singkat dengan rata-rata waktu yang ditempuh 12,13 menit, rata-rata jarak 2,16 km, dan rata-rata kecepatan 10,88 km jam-1. Persentase mutu buah sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dengan tidak ada buah mentah, buah matang 96,74%, buah terlalu matang 2,55%, dan buah busuk 1,71%. Kehilangan hasil di lapangan sebesar 1,88 butir pokok-1. Penerapan sistem evaluasi, denda, dan premi panen dilakukan untuk menjaga tercapainya basis dan kualitas panen., Harvesting is one of the most important activities in oil palm management. Successful harvesting is achieved by producing high fruit bunch productivity with high oil yield and low free fatty acid (FFE) content, so harvest management must be carried out optimally. The internship studies oil palm harvesting management, namely harvest planning, harvest organization, harvest implementation, and harvest evaluation. The internship was carried out at Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera from January to May 2022. Interns work directly as casual daily workers, accompanying field supervisor, and accompanying afdeling assistant to learn technical and managerial aspects. Harvest management is a specific aspect observed in the internship. The longest harvest rotation reached 13 days, while the company standard is 10 days. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is quite good. There is a significant difference in harvesting capacity because workers get a set daily basis. The average plant harvest density (AKP) is 20.18% and the average variance is 2.41%. The demand for harvesters was estimated at 15.61 and realized at 14.20. Harvest transportation is relatively short, with an average time taken of 12.13 minutes, an average distance of 2.16 km, and an average speed of 10.88 km h-1. The percentage of fruit quality is in accordance with company standards, with no unripe fruit, 96.74% ripe fruit, 2.55% overripe fruit, and 1.71% rotten fruit. The yield loss in the field was 1.88 loose fruit plant-1. A system of evaluation, penalty, and harvest reward was implemented to maintain the achievement of yield basis and quality.
Keyword: harvest labor, harvest maturity criteria, harvest rotation, yield loss

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: