Judul: Formulation and Analysis of Propylene Glycol Bio- based Facial Serum at PT Ratu Bio Indonesia
Abstrak: Pemerintah Indonesia berkomitmen mendorong diversifikasi bahan bakar di sektor transportasi melalui penerapan bahan bakar nabati, salah satunya biodiesel. Produksi biodiesel memiliki hasil samping berupa gliserol yang dapat dikonversi menjadi propilen glikol sebagai produk turunannya. Propilen glikol dapat digunakan sebagai pelarut dan humektan pada industri kosmetik yang memiliki potensi besar untuk menggantikan propilen glikol yang saat ini berasal dari petroleum yang memiliki sifat terbatas dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan perlakukan variasi konsentrasi propilen glikol sebanyak 3 taraf, yaitu 9%, 12% dan 15%. Berdasarkan ANOVA, konsentrasi propilen glikol berpengaruh terhadap karakteristik serum wajah, seperti pada pH, viskositas, bobot jenis, Sun Protection Factor (SPF) dan kelembaban berpengaruh signifikan. Berdasarkan perhitungan dengan metode Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan Composite Performance Index (CPI) dari hasil organoleptik dan analisis laboratorium menyatakan bahwa konsentrasi propilen glikol 15% merupakan sempel terbaik. Kemudian, diuji stabilitas fisik pada serum berbahan bio propilen glikol menggunakan konsentrasi 15% dari sampel terbaik tersebut dihasilkan bahwa serum memiliki stabilitas sediaan yang baik, yaitu dengan pH 6,48, viskositas 2020 cPs, kelembaban 45% dan ukuran droplet 0,70, The Indonesian government is committed to encouraging fuel diversification in the transportation sector through the application of biofuels, one of which is biodiesel. Biodiesel production has a by-product in the form of glycerol which can be converted into propylene glycol as a derivative product. Propylene glycol can be used as a solvent and humectant in the cosmetics industry which has great potential to replace propylene glycol which is currently derived from petroleum which has limited properties and is not environmentally friendly. The experimental design used a complete randomized design with 3 levels of propylene glycol concentration variations, namely 9%, 12% and 15%. Based on ANOVA, propylene glycol concentration affects the characteristics of facial serum, such as pH, viscosity, specific gravity, Sun Protection Factor (SPF) and moisture significantly. Based on calculations using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Composite Performance Index (CPI) methods from organoleptic results and laboratory analysis, 15% propylene glycol concentration is the best sample. Then, the physical stability of the serum made from bio propylene glycol using a concentration of 15% of the best sample resulted in the serum having good dosage stability, namely with pH 6,48, viscosity 2020 cPs, humidity 45% and droplet size 0,70
Keyword: solvent, bio propylene glycol, glycerol, humectant, serum

Judul: Formulation and Analysis of Propylene Glycol Bio-based Handbody Lotion at PT Ratu Bio Indonesia
Abstrak: Industri kosmetik saat ini banyak menggunakan bahan kimia dari minyak bumi yang terbatas dan tidak ramah lingkungan. Bio propilen glikol, yang berasal dari bahan nabati, dapat menjadi alternatif sebagai humektan dan bahan pelarut. PT Ratu Bio Indonesia perlu mengembangkan produk kosmetik untuk memenuhi permintaan konsumen, termasuk handbody lotion yang membantu merawat kesehatan dan kelembaban kulit. Pengembangan formulasi handbody lotion dilakukan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan tiga taraf propilen glikol (2%, 5%, dan 8%). Formulasi terbaik ditentukan melalui Composite Performance Index (CPI) dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil ANOVA menunjukkan propilen glikol berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pH, viskositas, bobot jenis, dan kelembaban lotion. Formulasi terbaik dengan konsentrasi 5% bio propilen glikol menunjukkan stabilitas fisik yang baik dengan nilai pH 6,71, viskositas 17500 cPs, kelembaban 54%, dan ukuran droplet 4,7 µm, The cosmetics industry currently uses many chemicals from petroleum which are limited and not environmentally friendly. Bio propylene glycol, which comes from vegetable ingredients, can be an alternative as a humectant and solvent. PT Ratu Bio Indonesia needs to develop cosmetic products to meet consumer demand, including handbody lotion which helps maintain skin health and moisture. Lotion formulation development was carried out using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three levels of propylene glycol (2%, 5% and 8%). The best formulation is determined through the Composite Performance Index (CPI) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). ANOVA results showed that propylene glycol had a significant effect on pH, viscosity, specific gravity, SPF, and lotion moisture. The best formulation with a concentration of 5% propylene glycol showed good physical stability with a pH value of 6.71, viscosity of 17500 cPs, humidity of 54%, and droplet size of 4,7 µm.
Keyword: bio propylene glycol, handbody lotion, propylene glycol

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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