Judul: Pemoposan sebagai Bukti Taksonomi Jenis-jenis Diospyros (Ebenaceae)
Abstrak: People tend to use generative structures for plant identification. Nevertheless, generative structure availibility limits the identification practice for a plant with once-a-year fruit-bearing-phase, such as Diospyros L. Being vegetative characters, leaf flushing are rarely used for plant identification so that they have not been explored as a taxonomic evidence. In this paper, leaf flushings and their taxonomic implication were studied using eight species of Diospyros grown in Ecopark of Cibinong Science Center LIPI, Bogor. This study explored Diospyros leaf flushing, including the following: 1) morphological developments, 2) phenology, 3) morphological variations, 4) taxonomic implication, and 5) phenetic relationships. Morphological and phenological data was observed on eight species of Diospyros with 22 qualified individual trees. Data obtained then descriptively and phenetically analized. Arrested growth in the development of Diospyros bud produce a rhythmic growth. After a dormant period, bud broke and produced a flushing set before finally back to its dormancy. Diospyros flushing set was usually distinguishable from the previous one by cataphyll scars at the twigs and the pattern of phytomer in a flushing set (leaf size, the length internodus and petiole), except on D. buxifolia which the phytomer was uniform and the cataphylls were very small and sometimes absent. Dorsal cataphyll only found in D. jaherii. The presence of small reduced leaf due to an arrested growth also can be used to indicate the base of flushing set in D. blancoi dan D. jaherii. The time of bud broken was not simultaneous in all Diospyros species, all individual trees within the same species, even in all buds of an individual tree under similar external condition. Diospyros have a seasonal growth pattern, except for D. jaherii. A mature flushing set was formed in 40-55 days. Leaves of Diospyros observed were arranged alternately and have equitant vernation. Leaf flushing provided 39 characters (included bud, young leaves, mature leaves, and flushing set characters) that can be used as taxonomic evidence for distinguishing eight species of Diospyros observed. A determination key for these species solely based on leaf flushing characters is presented. Dendrogram obtained showed that leaf flushing characters were capable to divide individuals observed as well as their species at the coefficient of similarity 76%. The most similar species were D. blancoi and D. celebica (74%). Both of them are belongs to subgenus Eudiospyros (L.) Bakh., section Ebenaster Bakh. The cophenetic correlation value obtained was 0,98 or very good fit (Rohlf 1998). Two principal coordinate analysis used shows the diversity of 26,79% and divided Diospyros into three groups. Group I contained D.malabarica, D. beccarioides, D. cauliflora and D. pilosanthera. Group II cotained D. blancoi, D. celebica dan D. jaherii. Group III contained D. buxifolia. Flushing characters seems to be varied and can be used as field identification of Diospyros observed. Thus, leaf flushing was proved capable as a taxonomic evidence for Diospyros species observed.
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Judul: Long-read Sequences Analysis on Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi A.DC.), Sawo Duren (Chrysophyllum cainito L.) and Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff.)
Abstrak: Tingginya laju deforestasi hutan di Indonesia berpengaruh pada penurunan keanekaragaman hayati dan ketersediaan sumber daya genetik. Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi), Sawo Duren (Chrysophyllum cainito) dan Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla) merupakan tiga jenis tanaman buah yang memiliki potensi ekonomi yang populasinya mulai menurun di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan data genomik dari jenis D. blancoi, C. cainito dan B. macrophylla serta menganalisis hubungan kekerabatan menggunakan pohon filogenetik. Hasil sekuensing pada D. blancoi, C. cainito dan B. macrophylla didapatkan sekuens partial genome dengan ukuran panjang masing-masing secara berurutan 155.282 bp, 84.370 bp dan 54.120 bp. Ukuran sekuens D. blancoi dinyatakan cukup sebagai partial genome dan dilakukan analisis filogeni. Analisis filogeni menggunakan marka rbcL diperoleh cabang terdekat dengan D. oblonga dengan nilai bootsrap sangat lemah (34%) sedangkan filogeni dengan marka matK menunjukkan sekuens D. blancoi memiliki kekerabatan dekat dengan D. discolor dan D. philipinensis dengan nilai bootstrap pada kategori tinggi (91%)., Deforestation and forest degradation have caused biodiversity loss including the plant genetic resources. Bisbul (Diospyros blancoi), Sawo Duren (Chrysophyllum cainito), and Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla) are three species of fruit trees that have economic values where their population sizes are decreasing in Indonesia. This study aims i) to obtain genomic data of D. blancoi, C. cainito, and B. macrophylla and ii) to analyze the species relatedness using phylogenetic trees. Sequencing works resulted on partial genome with size of 155.282 bp, 84.370 bp. and 54.120 bp, from D. blancoi, C. cainito, and B. macrophylla, respectively. Sequence size of D. blancoi is sufficient only to assembled partial chloroplast genome that can be used for subsequent phylogetic analysis. Phylogenetic analysis using the rbcL marker showed that the closest branch for D. blancioi was to D. oblonga but with a very weak bootstrap value (34%). On the other hand the phylogeny using the matK marker showed that D. blancoi sequences were closely related to D. discolor and D. philippinensis with a high bootstrap value (91%).
Keyword: Bouea macrophylla, Diospyros blancoi, Chrysophyllum cainito, Sequences, matK

Judul: Studi teknologi streaming audio format MP3 pada radio internet
Abstrak: eranan media radio masih sangat penting dalam penyampaian informasi clan sarana hiburan. Penelitian ini membahas teknologi streaming audio dalam fmnat MP3 dan mengimplementasikannya pada sistem radio internet. Teknologi streaming audio memungkinkan pengiriman siaran dapat dilakukan secara kontinu melalui internet, sehingga teknologi ini merupakan dasar dari radio internet. MP3 merupakan standar format Wltuk komprcsi dan transmisi audio digital yang banyJk digwiakan di internet. Sistem radio internet terdiri dari 3 komponen utama, yaitu encoder, streaming server dan streaming player. Encoder berfungsi mengkonversi input siaran ke dalam fonnat streaming audio. Sedangkan streaming server berfungsi sebagai repeater yang mengirimkan streaming audio tersebut ke streaming player. Ketiga komponen ini bekerja secara real time Wltuk menghasilkan siaran radio internet. Bandwidth mcrupakan persoalan ydilg harus diperhatikan dalam sistem radio internet karena berhubungan dengan biaya dan kualitas suara. Hasil evaluasi sistem radio internet menujukkan bahwa untuk aspek reliability, efficiency dan kualitas suara sangat tergantung dengan infrastruktur jaringan internet dan ketersediaan bandwidth. Sistem radio internet Lesmana FM Bogor dapat lebih dikembang,kan dcngan fasilita.s y,mg interaktif untuk user/pcndengar dan penggunaan bandwidth pendengar dibawah 24 kbps serta bandwidth streaming server lebih dari 2,4 Mbps, sehingga dapat menghasilkan kualitas suara yang lebih bagus.
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