Judul: Optimasi Side Lobe Transmisi Sistem Optik Periodik Berbasis Kristal Fotonik Satu Dimensi Menggunakan Piranti Lunak C++
Abstrak: Gelombang elektromagnetik yang merambat dalam kristal fotonik satu dimensi memiliki sifat yang menarik seperti munculnya photonic band gap (PBG). Salah satu manfaat dari kristal fotonik adalah dalam sistem komunikasi optik. Side lobe muncul pada saat gelombang elektromagnetik merambat dalam kristal fotonik tentunya ini merugikan bagi sistem komunikasi optik. Side lobe yang muncul dalam kristal fotonik akan dioptimasi dengan menambahkan anti reflection coating pada kristal fotonik. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis grafik yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan piranti lunak Dev-C++ yang menggunakan bahasa pemprograman C dan C++. Pada penelitian ini side lobe yang muncul pada kristal fotonik bisa dioptimasi dengan menambahkan anti reflection coating di depan kristal fotonik dengan nilai indeks bias coating kurang dari nilai indeks bias efektif kristal fotonik, dan nilai transmisi bertambah saat gelombang elektromagnetik merambat dalam kristal fotonik satu dimensi.
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Judul: Karakteristik Kristal Fotonik Satu Dimensi dengan Apodisasi Menggunakan Piranti Lunak C++
Abstrak: Cahaya merupakan gelombang elektromagnetik ( EM ) memiliki perambatan radiasi dalam kristal fotonik yang menarik untuk dipelajari dan memiliki banyak kegunaan dalam kehidupan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis grafik yang dihasilkan piranti lunak c++. Piranti lunak yang digunakan yaitu hasil karya sendiri yang menggunakan bahasa pemrograman c++. Pada penelitian ini, ditemukan pola transmitansi kristal fotonik dengan apodisasi. Pada kontras indeks bias yang tinggi, pola yang diperoleh berbeda dengan pola transmitansi kristal fotonik regular. Pola transmitansi apodisasi simetris kecil ke besar bersifat transmiter yaitu dapat mengangkat band gap , mengangkat side lobe, mengurangi jumlah side lobe, dan memperlebar band gap. Sementara itu, pola transmitansi apodisasi simetris besar ke kecil bersifat reflektor bahkan dapat menghilangkan band gap. Pada kondisi tertentu, diperoleh hasil grafik yang menggambarkan side lobe yang datar. Fenomena ini dapat dimanfaatkan untuk optimasi side lobe.
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Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua