Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Nanosilika Berbahan Dasar Abu Ketel Industri Gula dengan Variasi Waktu Aging dan pH Presipitasi.
Abstrak: Boiler ash from sugar cane industry contains silica that was synthesized to nanosilica using precipitation method. Precipitation pH and aging time are parameters that have influenced to nanosilica characterization. The purpose of this research was to synthesis nanosilica from boiler ash using precipitation method, determine the effect of precipitation pH and aging time variation on the characterization of nanosilica, determine the potential application based on characterization of nanosilica. The research was consist of three stages, preparation of boiler ash, extraction silica from furnace ash, and synthesis nanosilica. Boiler ash from sugar cane industry contained 49.69% silica and furnace ash contained 78.75% silica. Nanosilica was material or compound that have multifase characterization. Increase precipitation pH would increase amount of crystal phase, diffraction peak, and intensity of diffraction peak. Increase aging time would increase intensity of diffraction peak and amount of crystal phase. Degree of crystallinity has ranges 66.397–93.530%, average of crystal size has ranges 37.772–56.867 nm, average of particle size has ranges 214.04–698.24 nm, and PDI value has ranges 0.207–0.833. Increase precipitation pH and aging time would increase amount of siloksane groups and decrease amount of silanol groups. Nanosilica has potential application as a composit of electrolyte membrane DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell), composit of addition support layer membrane ultrafiltration, filler in ship rubber air bag, filler of composit resin, and SCM (Supplementary Cementitious Material) for concrete.
Keyword: aging time, boiler ash, nanosilica, precipitation, precipitation pH

Judul: Sintesis Nanosilika dari Abu Ketel Industri Gula Mengguakan Metode Ko-presipitasi dengan Template Pati.
Abstrak: Boiler ash is by product of the sugar industry which is not yet widely used. Boiler ash is highly silica content that can be utilized as nanosilica. The purpose of this study to synthesis nanosilica using boiler ash with the addition of tapioca and corn starch as a template. This research aims to know the effect of tapioca and cornstarch on characteristic of nanosilica, and also give information about the aplication of nanosilica with starch template. The researchs consist of four part that is preparation of material, synthesis of silica, synthesis of nanosilica, and characterization of nanosilica. 49,69% bagasse ash is composed of silica and after the furnace at a temperature of 7000 C the furnace ash containing 78,75% silica. Characteristics of nanosilika was multiphase consist of quartz, tridimit, and krisrobalit phase with cristobalite as the predominant phase.The most high crystallinity of nanosilika was 82,070% at treatment without addition of the template and the smallest crystallinity was 49,063% on addition corn starch at 33,33%. Starch contain of amylose that have contributed on decreasing cristalinity of nanosilica. Particle size of nanosilika was more homegen with the addition of corn starch when PDI’s number was above 0,1. Observation by SEM showed that the particle has polygonal form and looks spreads. Commonly, the effect of starch as a template was decreased the particle size, distrubution of particle, cristalinity, and cristal size. Characteristic of nanosilika that produced by starch’s template can aplicate as a silica-polymer nanocomposit and as a filler for ceramic’s material.
Keyword: boiler ash, co-presipitation, nanosilica, starch

Judul: Theileriosis pada domba dan kambing akibat infeksi theileria ovis dan theileria hirci
Abstrak: Theileriosis adalah penyakit menular yang disebabkan Boleh protozoa dari genus Theileria dan ditularkan melalui vektor caplak. Theileria ovis dan Theileria hirci pernah dimasukkan dalam genus Gonderia sehingga penyakit yang disebabkan oleh penyakit ini mempunyai beberapa nama diantaranya Benign Ovine and Caprine Gonderiosis atau Benign Ovine and Caprine Theileriosis (disebabkan oleh infeksi Theile- ria ovis). Sedang yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Theileria hirci diberi nama Malignant Ovine and Caprine Gonderiosis Malignant Ovine and Caprine Theileriosis (Levine, 1961). Soulsby (1982) dan Jensen (1983), memasukkan Theileria hirci dan Theileria ovis dalam genus Theileria, famili Theileriidae, ordo Piroplasmida, subklas Piroplasmia dan dalam kelas Sporozoa. Menurut hasil pemeriksaan theileriosis pada domba dan kambing di Indonesia periode 1 April 1981 sampai 31 Maret 1982 di Propinsi Sumatera Barat di Daerah Tingkat II Pasaman Kecamatan Talamun ditemukan pada 2 ekor kambing kacang, Kecamatan Sungai Beremas ditemukan pada 3 ekor kambing kacang dan di Daerah Tingkat II Padang Pariaman, Kecamatan Pariaman ditemukan pada 1 ekor kambing kacang (Informasi Keswan, 1982). Daerah penyebaran Theileria ovis yang pernah dilapor- kan adalah Afrika Tengah, Afrika Barat, Afrika Timur, Afrika Selatan, Perancis, Jerman, Hongaria, Sardinia dan diduga India. Sedangkan penyebaran Theileria hirci meli- puti Afrika Utara, Eropa Selatan, Irak dan Turki. Bentuk Theileria ovis dan Theileria hirci pada domba dan kambing dalam eritrosit disebut piroplasma dan bentuk dalam limfosit disebut Koch bodies atau skizon. Bentuk dalam vektor caplak adalah zigot dan kinet. Di dalam eritrosit parasit ini mempunyai beberapa macam bentuk yaitu, bentuk bulat, oval, batang, bentuk buah pir atau koma dan bentuk seperti anaplasma. Bentuk dalam limfosit berupa skizon yang terdiri dari makroskizon dan mikroskizon. Penularan Theileria ovis dan Theileria hirci dari hewan satu ke hewan lain secara alam dilakukan oleh vektor caplak secara stage to stage. Vektor dari Theileria ovis adalah caplak dari genus Rhipicephalus, Dermacentor, Hae- mophysalis dan Ornithodorus. Sedangkan vektor dari Thei- leria hirci yaitu caplak dari genus Rhipicephalus dan di- duga Ornithodorus. Penularan secara buatan dapat dilakukan dengan cara mekanik (penyuntikan dengan aplikasi intravena, subkutan dan intraperitoneal)…dst
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