Judul: Tinjauan Epidiomologi dan Pengendalian Wabah Anthraks di Kabupaten Peniai, Irian Jaya
Abstrak: Anthraks merupakan salah satu penyakit zoonosis terpenting di Indonesia, hampir sebagian besar daerah di Indonesia merupakan daerah tertular. Kerugian yang ditimbulkan penyakit ini sangat besar, selain itu banyak membawa korban manusia. Bacillus anthracis merupakan penyebab dari penyakit anthraks, bakteri ini berbentuk batang dan bersifat aerob juga bersifat Gram-positif. Bila mendapatkan cukup oksigen akan membentuk spora yang tahan hidup bertahun-tahun di alam dan merupakan sumber penularan. Penularan dari hewan ke hewan umumnya melalui pernafasan namun dapat juga melalui makanan. Sedangkan penularan dari hewan ke manusia umumnya melalui kontak secara langsung yaitu memakan daging hewan yang sakit. Hewan-hewan rentan terhadap penyakit anthraks adalah sapi, kerbau, domba dan kambing, babi, rusa dan pemamah biak liar lainnya. Kuda, anjing dan kucing sedikit rentan, juga bangsa burung pernah dilaporkan terserang anthraks. Kabupaten Paniai, Irian Jaya sejak tahun 1983 dinyatakan sebagai salah satu daerah enzootik anthraks setelah terjadinya wabah yang menimbulkan kematian pada babi dalam jumlah besar dan membawa korban manusia. Sebelumnya daeral ini tidak termasuk daerah enzootik anthraks di Indonesia, walaupun pernah terjadi wabah yang menyerupai anthraks namun agen penyebabnya tidak pernah teridentifikasi.
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Judul: Penyakit Anthraks di Kabupaten Kolaka dan Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: Mempelajari masalah zoonosis mempunyai kepentingan yang erat dengan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner. Usaha dalam bidang pencegahan dan pemberantasan penyakit, terutama diarahkan pada penyakit-penyakit menular yang setiap tahunnya telah banyak membawa korban, baik manusia, hewan serta kerugian yang lain. Anthraks, suatu penyakit zoonosa yang disebabkan oleh Bacillus anthracis merupakan masalah yang perlu d& pelajari untuk dapat diambil langkah-langkah pengendalian serta pemberantasannya, di samping penyakit zoonosa yang lain.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm