Judul: Perhitungan Perkiraan Kerugian Ekonomi Akibat Kasus Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) Keracunan Pangan Tahun 2013
Abstrak: Food poisoning outbreaks is a food safety problem that still occurred frequently in Indonesia. Food poisoning outbreaks that occur every year directly or indirectly resulted in losses experienced by many parties. The purpose of this research is to find the approximate economic losses due to food poisoning outbreaks in Indonesia in 2013. This will be very useful for policy makers and parties that are trying to resolve this food poisoning outbreaks problem. The calculation was done by using the equation obtained from the result of literature study and data collection both primary and secondary. Data of food poisoning outbreaks cases used was from BPOM in year 2013, which includes 48 outbreaks, 1 690 sickness, and 12 deaths. The value of economic losses due to food poisoning outbreaks in Indonesia in 2013 was estimated at 1.2 trillion rupiah. The high cost of these economic losses suggests that additional efforts of food safety control might be warranted.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), food safety., economic losses, food poisoning, outbreaks

Judul: Mempelajari penyelidikan kejadian luar biasa KLB keracunan pangan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Kejadian Luar Biasa (KLB) keracunan pangan adalah suatu kejadian dimana terdapat dua orang atau lebih yang menderita sakit dengan gejala yang sama atau hampir sama setelah mengkonsumsi pangan yang berdasarkan analisis epidemiologi, terbukti sebagai sumber penularan. KLB keracunan pangan merupakan masalah kemanan pangan nasional yang selama ini sulit ditanggulangi, karena belum tersedianya informasi yang memadai, baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas. Secara kuantitas, jumlah laporan KLB keracunan pangan sangat rendah (under estimate), sehingga mengakibatkan fenomena "gunung es", dimana jumlah KLB keracunan pangan yang diketahui hanyalah sebagian kecil dari jumlah sebenarnya. Salah satu akibatnya, besaran masalah KLB keracunan pangan tidak diketahui dengan pasti. Selain itu, laporan KLB keracunan pangan tidak lengkap dan akurat. Umumnya, agen penyebab keracunan ditentukan berdasarkan dugaan, tanpa dikonfirmasi dengan analisis laboratorium. Hasil analisis laboratorium hanya dinyatakan secara kualitatif ("positif" atau "negatif"), tanpa menyebutkan kuantitasnya (jumlah atau konsentrasi). Surat Edaran Menteri Kesehatan RI No. HK.00.SJ.SE.D.0147 tanggal 29 Januari 1999 tentang "Prosedur Tetap Penanggulangan Terpadu KLB Keracunan Makanan" sudah tidak relevan pada era otonomi daerah saat ini, karena Kantor Wilayah sebagai penanggung jawab KLB keracunan pangan tingkat provinsi, sudah dihapuskan. Surat edaran tersebut tidak menjelaskan hal-hal teknis penanganan KLB keracunan pangan, sehingga menimbulkan banyak pertanyaan, khususnya dari petugas terkait. Masalah-masalah tersebut merupakan salah satu akibat buruknya manajemen penanganan KLB keracunan pangan, sehingga langkah yang harus segera dilakukan pemerintah adalah memperbaiki manajemen pelaksanaan penyelidikan dan penanggulangan KLB keracunan pangan yang kemudian dijadikan salah satu tema kegiatan magang yang dilakukan di Badan POM RI. Tujuan kegiatan magang tersebut adalah mengetahui kecenderungan subjek (korban), waktu, tempat, kategori pangan, agen penyebab, Incident Rate (IR), dan Case Fatality Rate (CFR) KLB keracunan pangan di Indonesia tahun 2002-2004 dan menyusun Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) penyelidikan dan penanggulangan KLB keracunan pangan. Kegiatan magang dilakukan di Sub Direktorat Surveilan dan Penanggulangan Keamanan Pangan, Direktorat Surveilan dan Penyuluhan Keamanan Pangan-Badan POM RI selama Bulan Februari-Juli 2004. ...
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis