Judul: Fenomena Perburuan Rente dan Korupsi di Kabupaten Kuningan, Jawa Barat, Sebelum dan Setelah Otonomi Daerah (Periode 1998 – 2012)
Abstrak: Rent seeking economy activity and corruption are problems that usually occur in developing countries. Rent seeking economy activity and corruption will impact on national budget that is allocated for society prosperous. Kuningan regency is a part of area in Indonesia as a developing country. Because of that, it becomes interesting to examine about rent seeking economy activity and corruption that occur in Kuningan regency. This research uses time range between 1998-2012 that compare the condition before and after autonomy. The methodology that is used in this research is data analytical and indepth interview that is presented in the descriptive qualitative methodology. The result of this research present that there are many cases of rent seeking economy activity and corruption occur in Kuningan regency. Rent seeking activity and corruption are occurred in procurement sector. There is difference pattern in the rent seeking economy activity, that use family relationship pattern before autonomy and reciprocate pattern after autonomy. Base on Indonesia‟s law, there are three kinds of corruption that usually occur in Kuningan regency. Because of that, it has to be a cooperation between government, institution that has competent in law, and society in Kuningan regency to solve rent seeking economy activity and corruption problems.
Keyword: autonomy., corruption, rent seeking economy activity

Judul: Fenomena Perburuan Rente dan Tindakan Korupsi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta Periode 2012-2017
Abstrak: Fenomena korupsi dan aktivitas ekonomi perburuan rente merupakan permasalahan lama yang dihadapi oleh negara-negara di seluruh dunia yang dapat mengakibatkan tidak maksimalnya pelaksanaan program pembangunan. Provinsi DKI Jakarta merupakan wilayah yang dimana menjadi pusat pemerintahan, pusat ekonomi, serta ibukota dari Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, meneliti fenomena korupsi dan aktivitas ekonomi perburuan rente yang ada di Provinsi DKI Jakarta menjadi hal yang menarik. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data secara kuantitatif dan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan menggunakan data dari hasil wawancara mendalam serta studi kepustakaan. Hasil dari penelitian ini memperlihatkan bahwa terdapat banyak fenomena korupsi dan aktivitas ekonomi perburuan rente yang terjadi di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Sektor yang paling dominan adanya fenomena korupsi dan aktivitas perburuan rente antara lain pekerjaan fisik untuk bidang pendidikan, kesehatan, transportasi, dan pekerjaan umum. Maka dari itu harus ada kerjasama antara pihak pemerintah, penegak hukum, dan masyarakat di Provinsi DKI Jakarta untuk menghadapi fenomena aktivitas ekonomi perburuan rente dan korupsi tersebut.
Keyword: perburuan rente, korupsi, pembangunan daerah DKI Jakarta

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable