Judul: Partisipasi Perempuan dalam Program Kemitraan Kehutanan di Hutan Harapan (Kasus: KTH Maju Besamo dan KTH Lamban Jernang, Desa Bungku, Kecamatan Bajubang, Kabupaten Batang Hari, Provinsi Jambi)
Abstrak: Perempuan dalam program pembangunan sering kali tidak diberikan legalitas untuk dapat berpartisipasi dalam kegiatan formal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis seberapa jauh tingkat partisipasi perempuan dalam program Kemitraan Kehutanan di Hutan Harapan, serta melihat hubungannya dengan konteks sosial-ekonomi dan pemenuhan kebutuhan praktis dan kebutuhan strategis perempuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mix-method untuk melihat partisipasi perempuan dalam program Kemitraan Kehutanan yang dijalankan PT REKI di Hutan Harapan. Data kuantitatif diperoleh dari sensus dengan instrumen kuesioner terhadap 26 perempuan dari KTH Maju Besamo dan KTH Lamban Jernang, kemudian dilakukan pendalaman fakta dengan wawancara mendalam, observasi lapang, dan analisis dokumen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perempuan secara formal tidak diikutsertakan oleh PT REKI dalam program Kemitraan Kehutanan, namun mereka membentuk ruang partisipasi sendiri di ranah informal baik dalam lingkup rumah tangga maupun lingkup kelompok. Penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik rumah tangga dan dukungan program yang diberikan oleh PT REKI tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat partisipasi perempuan, karena secara formal mereka memang tidak diikutsertakan, namun konteks sosial-ekonomi yang berbeda pada dua kelompok ini memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat partisipasi perempuan di ranah informal. Dampak dari program Kemitraan Kehutanan belum mampu memberikan pemenuhan terhadap kebutuhan praktis perempuan dan kebutuhan strategis perempuan di KTH Maju Besamo dan KTH Lamban Jernang. Kata Kunci: kemitraan kehutanan, partisipasi yang diciptakan, Women in development programs are often not given legality to participate in formal activities. This study aims to analyze how far the level of women's participation in the Forestry Partnership program in Hutan Harapan, as well as to see its relationship with the socio-economic context and the fulfillment of women's practical and strategic needs. This study uses a mix-method approach to examine women's participation in the Forestry Partnership program run by PT REKI in Hutan Harapan. Quantitative data was obtained from a census using a questionnaire instrument for 26 women from KTH Maju Besamo and KTH Lamban Jernang, then deepened the facts with in-depth interviews, field observations, and document analysis. The results showed that PT REKI did not formally participate in women's participation in the Forestry Partnership program, but they formed their own space for participation in the informal sphere, both within the household and in the group. This study also shows that household characteristics and program support provided by PT REKI are not related to the level of women's participation, because formally they are not included, but the different socio-economic contexts in these two groups have a relationship with the level of women's participation in the field of education. informal. The impact of the Forestry Partnership program has not been able to provide fulfillment of women's practical needs and women's strategic needs in KTH Maju Besamo and KTH Lamban Jernang. Keywords: forestry partnership, created participationKeywords: forestry partnership, invented participation
Keyword: forestry partnership, created participationKeywords, forestry  partnership, invented participation

Judul: Peran Perempuan dalam Kegiatan Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (Studi Kasus RPH Tanjungkerta BKPH Tampomas KPH Sumedang Perum Perhutani Unit III Jawa Barat dan Banten)
Abstrak: INTRODU CTI ON. Forest management reqlll·res partI·C·ipa·tio n 0 f1tI e commuru.t y, bOill O ftl l e men g- ~ ::cr:::l @-and women groups. However, there is frequent opinion which regard women to serve nonnaHy :::l c ::cr 0 :::l 3 :::l ~ g '9.only as h usewives. Through program of Collaborative Forest Management (PHBM), the 3 f ~ ~ ~pport f women to obtain gender equality, becomes greater. The objectives of this research ~ ~ § 2 g.were to leatn the women's perception on forest management and implementation ofPHBM; and to g ~. ~ ~ ~learn the ~'omen's role in PHBM in RPH Tanjungkerta BKPH Tampomas KPH Sumedang g. ~ [~ ~through <Wruysis on women participation in PHBM activity, job ceiling and working time n; g 9; ~ g-allocation60f women in PHBM activity. and ,,,omen's contribution to household income and 0'" I.C ::cr =- :::l ' g ~ g ::: I.C decision li!king. ,)".fl. ~ ~. - :::lQII>8' " ~ ~ ~ ~ METHO~ Target of tIlis study was households of Forest Fanner Group (KTH) who participate is g 3 in PHB1vbn RPH Tanjungkerta BKPH Tampomas KPH Sumedang, Variables studied in this ~ ~ ~ research \~re women's perception on PHBM. women's participation in PHBM, working time ~ ~ g allocation~and contribution of women to household income and household decision making. ~ ~ 2" .... ~ 0 3 Primary d~a were obtained through field observation and interview, whereas secondary data were o:::l::cr A> .... ~ 0 obtained IJl,)ll1 literatures and documents collection from relevant institutions. Data were presented £. ... :::l QI ;;;. ~ g- in table fram and analyzed with Rank-Spearman Correlation Test. :1' = :::l Qi' C. ~. 3 :::l ~ ~ ~ RESULT~ AND DISCUSSION. Research results showed that 53.33 % of women in RPH 3 -g ~ TanjungklC-ta had very good perception on forest management including PHBM. The majority of 0'" :::l C 'd' g...:. ~~:oa: women h~e moderated participation in the whole PHBM activity, both of the women who owned E- §:: land (65,96 %) and women who did not own land (61.54 %). Average working time allocation of c 0 C '0 :::l 3 women in PHBM activity was about 18,19 man-days per month, in non PHBM activity was about c 0'0'" '§0 'o0 :"II>l 7.88 man-days per month, and 4.70 hours per day in domestic activities. For women who owned .... o:::l '0 o a land, average contribution of women to household income was Rp 1 241 702. 13 per year (37.40 ? '0 %). whereas that for women who did not own land was Rp 1 187307,69 per year (46.41 %). In the II> ~ household decision making. women had made decision equally with that of men concerning is' domestic activity (95.00%) and post production activity (80%). On the other hand, decision :::l ::cr making on production activity was made by the husb,md himself (95 %). Results of Rank E~' Speannan lest showed that women perception had been proven to be correlated significantly with g. women's~tribution to household income and working time
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Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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