Judul: Growth Performance Evaluation of Belgian Blue  Cattle and Their Crossbred in Indonesian Livestock Breeding Centers
Abstrak: Performa pertumbuhan merupakan salah satu ciri yang harus diperhatikan dan dievaluasi dalam program persilangan. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi performa pertumbuhan sapi Belgian Blue yang baru diintroduksi atau diperkenalkan dan disilangkan dengan sapi lokal (Brahman, Friesian Holstein, dan Peranakan Ongole). Hasil penelitian menujukan data performa pertumbuhan dari 151 ekor sapi Belgian Blue (BB, n=9), BB x Brahman (BB-B, n=94), BB x Friesian Holstein (BB-FH, n=24), dan BB x Kelas Ongole (BB-OG, n=24) dikumpulkan untuk dianalisis. Pengaruh genotipe yang berbeda diuji dengan menggunakan analisis varian satu arah, dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak berganda Duncan. Parameter yang dianalisis adalah berat badan (BB), lingkar dada (CC), panjang badan (BL), dan tinggi bahu (SH) saat lahir, umur sapih (205 hari), dan umur satu tahun (365 hari). Analisis komponen utama dilakukan untuk mengetahui ciri pengenal spesifik antar genotipe. Hasilnya, sapi BB yang memiliki genotipe BW, CC, dan BL lebih unggul saat dilahirkan dibandingkan dengan genotipe persilangan. Namun, keunggulan keunggulan ini tidak bertahan dalam masa penyapihan dan pemeliharaan tahunan. Analisis PCA menunjukkan bahwa ciri khusus sapi BB, BB-B, dan BB-FH masing masing adalah BB saat lahir, BW205+CC205, dan BL205. Temuan ini penting untuk pengembangan dimasa depan dan kebijakan program persilangan sapi Belgian Blue di Indonesia., Growth performance is one of the characteristics that should be considered and evaluated in a crossbreeding program. This study evaluated the growth performance of newly introduced Belgian Blue cattle and their crossbred to local cattle (Brahman, Friesian Holstein, and Ongole Grade). In this study, the growth performance data of 151 heads of Belgian Blue (BB, n=9), BB x Brahman (BB-B, n=94), BB x Friesian Holstein (BB-FH, n=24), and BB x Ongole Grade (BB-OG, n=24) were collected for analysis. The effects of different genotypes were tested using one-way variance analysis, followed by Duncan's multiple range test. The parameters analyzed were body weight (BW), chest circumference (CC), body length (BL), and shoulder height (SH) at birth, weaning (205 days), and yearling (365 days). The principal component analysis was performed to find the specific identifier characteristic among the genotypes. As a result, BB cattle's BW, CC, and BL were superior at birth compared to the crossed genotype. However, these excellences did not persist in weaning and yearling. The PCA analysis showed that the identifier characteristics for the BB, BB-B, and BB-FH cattle were BW at birth, BW205+CC205, and BL205, respectively. These findings are essential for future development and crossbreeding program policy of the Belgian Blue cattle in Indonesia.
Keyword: Belgian Blue, crossbreed, Indonesia, lokal, ternak

Judul: Embryo Development in Different Cattle Breeds in BET Cipelang Bogor
Abstrak: Peningkatan populasi dan kualitas genetik yang baik dapat dicapai yaitu dengan melakukan penerapan bioteknologi reproduksi seperti transfer embrio (TE). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis tingkat perkembangan embrio pada berbagai rumpun sapi, seperti belgian blue (BB), peranakan ongole (PO) dan persilangannya (BB x PO). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari Balai Embrio Ternak (BET) Cipelang, Bogor. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa embrio layak transfer, degeneratif, dan oosit tidak dibuahi tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) antar rumpun sapi. Persentase embrio layak transfer (ELT) sapi BB 5,57±6,13 (72,22%), PO 7,41±8,60 (65,97%), dan BB x PO 4,00±4,00 (42,86%). Persentase embrio degeneratif (EDG) dan unfertilized (UF) tertinggi dihasilkan rumpun BB x PO (19,64% dan 37,50%), PO (16,23% dan 17,80%), dan BB (12,96% dan 14,81%). Jumlah embrio lebih banyak dihasilkan dari kornua uteri kanan dibanding sebelah kiri pada semua rumpun sapi yang diamati. BB (59,26% kanan, 40,74% kiri), PO (58,64% kanan, 41,36% kiri), dan BB x PO (71,43% kanan, 28,57% kiri). Perkembangan embrio hasil superovulasi secara in vivo tidak berbeda antar rumpun sapi yaitu BB, PO, dan BB x PO., Increasing population and good genetic quality can be achieved by applying reproductive biotechnology such as embryo transfer (ET). The purpose of this study was to analyze the level of embryo development in various types of cattle, such as belgian blue (BB), ongole cross (PO), and their crosses (BB x PO). This study used secondary data from Livestock Embryo Center (BET) Cipelang, Bogor. The result showed that transferable, degenerative embryos and unfertilized oocytes were not significantly different (P>0.05) between cattle breeds. The percentage of transferable embryos (ELT) of BB cows was 5.57±6.13 (72.22%), PO 7.41±8.60 (65.97%), and BB x PO 4.00±4.00 (42.86%). The highest percentage of degenerative embryos (EDG) and unfertilized (UF) was produced by BB x PO (19.64% and 37.50%), PO (16.23% and 17.80%), and BB (12.96% and 14.81%) breeds. More embryos were obtained from the right uterine horns than the left in all observed cattle breeds. BB (59.26% right, 40.74% left), PO (58.64% right, 41.36% left), and BB x PO (71.43% right, 28.57% left). The in vivo superovulated embryo development did not differ between cattle breeds, namely BB, PO, and BB x PO.
Keyword: belgian blue, embryo, ongole cross, reproduction technology

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4