Judul: Pemanfaatan hasil samping untuk pembangkitan energi dan air pada produksi gula kristal putih
Abstrak: Sugar production process consumes a lot of energy and water. In contrast, the availability of energy and clean water sources are now declining. Optimal utilization of by-products as a new source of energy and water would meet the need of sugar processing requirement and possible to create an independent process of energy and water. The scope of this study were to analyze the mass balance, assess the energy content of by-product, and build a closed flow of the production process independent energy and water. This study used secondary data and sugar mill factual data. The inputs entered into the system is the sugar cane, water, and additives. Closed production system model was developed using the mass balance principle by assessing the efficiency of the system and yield. Mass balance showed the amount of by-products from which the potential energy and water were calculated. This study showed sugar yield of 11.82% is achievable. Potential energy of 3,000 ton cane per day mill that can be utilized is 2,237,500,775 kcal per day. This potential energy can meet the energy needs of the plant, with an energy excess of energy of 37,081 kWh. In addition the factory may product surplus water of 1,477 ton per day. The study explains that the sugar mills can be independent of energy and water by optimizing the utilization of byproducts and the efficiency of the system. The results of the study can be considered energy policies to limit the use of fossil energy in sugar mill.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), closed system., sugarcane mill, energy and water cogeneration

Judul: Penilaian Daur Hidup Industri Gula dengan Fokus Pemanfaatan Air Limbah
Abstrak: Penilaian daur hidup gula merupakan suatu mekanisme untuk menganalisis dan menilai dampak lingkungan total dari suatu produk dalam siklus hidupnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kebutuhan energi dan emisi yang dikeluarkan selama siklus hidup produksi gula serta memberikan alternatif penggunaan energi yang lebih efisien dan emisi yang rendah. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa untuk produksi 1 ton gula dibutuhkan energi sebesar 19 991 MJ dan dihasilkan sebanyak 6 528 kg CO2 eq/ton gula. Proses pemanfaatan air limbah untuk produksi biogas dapat meningkatkan NERdan NEV menjadi 3.54 dan 20.29% GJ serta mengurangi emisi menjadi 6 433 kg CO2 eq/ton gula. Proses pengolahan air limbah untuk digunakan kembali sebagaiair proses produksi dapat meningkatkan NER dan NEV menjadi 3.49 dan 20.06 GJ dan mengurangi emisi menjadi 6 432 kg CO2 eq/ton gula. Proses pemanfaatan air limbah untuk irigasi kebun tebu meningkatkan NER dan NEV menjadi 5.01 dan 22.51 GJ dan mengurangi emisi menjadi 6 215 kg CO2 eq/ton gula. Alernatif pemanfaatan limbah cair untuk irigasi menunjukkan penurunan emisi gas rumah kaca dan kebutuhan energi yang paling baik dibandingkan dengan alternatif lainnya….
Keyword: Cane sugar industry, carbon emission, energy efficiency, life cycle assessment, sugar cane mill, LCA metode, Penilaian dampak, Analisis inventaris

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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