Judul: The Effects of Hypothyroidism in the Fertility of Male Rats
Abstrak: Thyroid hormones are involved in the development and maintenance of virtually all tissues. The purpose of the study is to understand effects of the neonatal hypothyroidism in the fertility of male rats. Recent studies with juvenile rats indicate that changes in thyroid function early in life have a major impact on the endocrine and/or paracrine factors regulating testicular growth and function. However, one should keep in mind that hypothyroidism is a complex hormonal dysfunction rather than a single hormonal defect. Hypothyroidism has been also shown to reduce the secretion of GnRH (gonadotropins releasing hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), GH (Growth Hormone) and testicular testosterone in rats. Therefore, many of the testicular changes observed in prolonged hypothyroidism could result in some degree of diminished levels of the aforementioned hormones. The transient neonatal hypothyroidism model results in the unnatural testicular development and in sperm production in neonates hence resulting in decreased fertility upon puberty.
Keyword: Hypothyroidism, Neonates, Testicular Growth, Fertility

Judul: The effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zinc (Zn) and vitamin E on fertility of male rats as animal model, Pengaruh pemberian tepung kedelai kaya isoflavon, seng dan vitamin E terhadap fertilitas tikus jantan sebagai hewan model
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate the effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour, zinc (Zn) and vitamin E on fertility of male rats, (2) evaluate the effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour with different levels of isoflavone on fertility of male rats. Prior the in vivo experiment, isoflavone-riched soybean flour was defatted using n-hexane. Quantitative analysis of isoflavone on the defatted-soybean flour was conducted by HPLC, while antioxidant activity on the defatted-soybean flour was conducted by DPPH method. Total isoflavone on the defatted-soybean flour (TKI-RL) was considered as the basic concentration that used to calculate isoflavone dosages for the in vivo experiment. Male and female weaning Sprague Dawley rats (21 days old) were used as the animal model in the experiment. On the 1st stage of the experiment, the male rats were given basic diets containing isonitrogen and isocalories with 15% of dietary protein from casein. Thirty male Sprague Dawley weaning rats (21 days old) were divided into six groups and treated with isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E in different combination. Isoflavone-riched soybean flour (3mg/day) was given by oral administration, whereas Zn and vitamin E were mixed with the basic diet. The treatment was conducted for 2 month. On the other hand, thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were only given the basic diets containing 15% of dietary protein from casein to observe the fertility of male rats. After 2 months, both male and female rats were mixed (1:1). Vagina swabs on the female rats were taken every morning to evaluate the conception rate and to detect spermatozoa by Giemsa dyes. Once the spermatozoa detected on the female rats (the 1st day of pregnancy, D1), the male rats were sacrificed by dislocation of cervical bones (dislocasio cervicalis), then all the parameters were tested. On the day 15th of pregnancy, the female rats were sacrificed (D15), the conception rates and total fetus were counted.
Keyword: sprague dawley rats, isonitrogen and isocalories, dietary protein, conception rates, total fetus

Judul: Pelaksanaan lanskap Jimbaran Estate Villas PT Bukit Kembar Permai Sanur, bali
Abstrak: Krisis ekonomi yang melanda Indonesia beberapa tahun terakhir ini hampir membuat kegiatan ekonomi di Indonesia terhenti. Dalhuri (1998) menyatakan bahwa daerah-daerah pantai dengan sumberdaya alaminya memberikan kesempatan dan tantangan kepada Indonesia untuk meningkatkan ekonominya dengan menjadikannya sebagai basis utama perekonomian. Lebih-lebih dengan akses ke laut lepas, yang memungkinkan dilakukannya berbagai macam jenis rekreasi air seperti selancar (surfing), menyelam (snorkling), berperahu (boating) membuat pengembangan kawasan pantai ini menjadi salah satu sumber perekonomian yang cukup penting (Marsh, 1991). Estate merupakan aset yang dapat dikembangkan untuk tujuan tertentu. Dalam konteks ini aset dapat berupa lahan yang dapat ditingkatkan nilainya (Allen, 1981). Pada umumya estate di Pulau Bali ini digunakan untuk pembangunan hotel dan villa sehingga disebut sebagai Estate Villa. Jimbaran Estate Villas merupakan kawasan villa yang dibangun berdasarkan konsep tersebut. Jimbaran Estate Villas bertempat di Jimbaran, Bali terdiri dari 9 villa dengan luas rata-rata 2200 m2 untuk tiap villa dengan total luasan 9 villa ini ± 2 hektar. PT. Bukit Kembar Permai adalah perusahaan konsultan yang bertugas menangani segala pekerjaan tanaman yang dilakukan di Jimbaran Estate Villa. Perusahaan ini bertempat di Jl. Bumiayu 11A, Sanur, Bali. Perencanaan lanskap Jimbaran Estate Villas dimulai sejak Desember 2000. Perencanaan dimulai dengan inventarisasi kondisi awal lapang dengan menggunakan jasa surveyor. Hasil inventarisasi ini kemudian dianalisis. Analisis terhadap kondisi lahan dilakukan bekerjasama dengan konsultan arsitek bangunan. Hasil analisis ini kemudian dipakai oleh arsitek bangunan untuk membuat rencana awal bangunan villa dan beberapa konsep awal. Perencanaan Jimbaran Estate Villas dibagi menjadi dua bagian yaitu perencanaan bagian bangunan dan perkerasan (hardscape), dan perencanaan tanaman (softscape). Perencanaan bagian perkerasan dibuat oleh arsitek bangunan sedangkan perencanaan bagian tanaman (softscape) dibuat oleh arsitek lanskap. Dengan pembagian hardscape dan softscape, sulit bagi arsitek lanskap menentukan segala rencana konsep dasar, sehingga pemilik menentukan agar arsitek bangunan membuat gambar rencananya terlebih dahulu lalu diberikan kepada arsitek lanskap untuk menambah gambar rencana tersebut dengan rencana tanaman (arsitek lanskap menambah bagian tanaman dengan konsep dari rencana arsitek bangunan)…dst
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