Judul: Study Of Water Quality And Pollutant–Loaded Capacity Of Kapuas River, Pontianak City, West Kalimantan.
Abstrak: The development of West Kalimantan especially in the surrounding area of Kapuas River contributes significantly to the pollution of the river. Some measures have undertake for reducing the pollutant load entering into the river. The objectives of this study are to determine the water quality and to analyze the pollutant – loaded capacity of Kapuas River, Pontianak. Samples were taken from five different stations, along the river in Pontianak City. Results of laboratory analysis were compered to the water quality standard (PP No. 82 /2001). STORET Method was used to determine the water quality status of each sampling station. The result of laboratory analysis showed that concentrations of TDS were approximately 21 – 1233 mg/L, Hg 16.41-27.01 ppb, Ammonia 0.3 – 0.98 mg/L, BOD 3.06 – 3.99 mg/L, COD 15 – 25 mg/L and Fecal Coliform 0.1 – 12 x 105 MPN/100 ml. These results show that the water quality of Kapuas River do not meet the stated water quality standard including physical, chemical and the microbiology parameters. Water of Kapuas River is no longer proper to be used as raw water for drinking water. The study of industrial waste water shows that the waste water is treated and met the waste water standard (KepMenLH No. 51/1991). Other pollutant sources may the cause of the Kapuas River pollution. Local Government Policies should be undertaken immediately to solve the pollution problem of Kapuas River, because the water of the river is nowdays used as raw water of PDAM in Pontianak.
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Judul: Tinjauan Ekologi Komunitas Ikan Di Muara Sungai Kapuas, Kabupaten Pontianak, Propinsi Kalimantan Barat
Abstrak: Sungai Kapuas sebagai urat nadi kehidupan di Propinsi Kalimantan Barat memiliki berbagai masalah yang penting. untuk dipelajari. Masuknya air laut yang jauh ke arah hu- lu sungai, erosi akibat penebangan hutan, buangan limbah industri perkayuan dan pendangkalan yang intensif di muara Sungai Kapuas menyebabkan perlunya dipelajari ekologi ko- munitas ikan di perairan tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari jenis, do- minansi dan ekologi komunitas ikan serta pengaruh kegiatan pembangunan di sepanjang Sungai Kapuas terhadap ikan-ikan di perairan tersebut. Ikan yang tertangkap di muara Sungai Kapuas (stasiun I) ada 23 species, di Sungai Landak (stasiun III) enam species dan di Sungai Kapuas (stasiun II) 10 species. Ha- nya ada tiga species ikan yang sama di ketiga stasiun pe- nelitian yaitu Rasbora vaillanti, Macrones nemurus dan Osteochilus melanopleura. Di ketiga stasiun penelitian tidak ada dominansi ikan, terlihat dari nilai indeks domi- nansi yang relatif kecil yaitu berturut-turut stasiun I, II dan III: 0.10, 0.18 dan 0.27. Analisa grafik Frontier dan grafik log-normal menun- jukkan bahwa kondisi perairan muara Sungai Kapuas (stasiun I) masih baik dan keseimbangan komunitas ikan belum ter- ganggu. Perairan Sungai Kapuas (stasiun II) dan Sungai Landak (stasiun III) mulai terganggu kestabilannya akibat aktivitas sehari-hari masyarakat di sekitar perairan ini. Meskipun demikian di ketiga perairan ini belum terdapat kandungan bahan pencemar seperti ammonia, klorin, PCP, BHC dan logam berat (As, Pb, Hg dan Ag). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dampak negatif kegiatan pembangunan di sepanjang Sungai Kapuas belum nyata di daerah muaranya tetapi di perairan sungai itu sendi- ri dampak negatif ini mulai terasa….
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Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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