Judul: Hubungan Keragaman Gen IGF2 dan GHR terhadap Sifat Pertumbuhan pada Ayam Lokal.
Abstrak: Local chicken is one of local genetic resources which is potential to be developed as meat producer in Indonesia. Local chicken has some superiority such as adapted in tropic and strong immune system but local chicken still has a weakness which is slow growth. Moleculer technique can be used as one of selection method based on MAS (Marker Assisted Selection) which can be determined by identification of major genes that control growth in chicken such as IGF2 (Insuline-like Growth Factor 2) and GHR (Growth Hormone Receptor) genes. This study aimed to analyze the polymorphism of IGF2 and GHR genes in some local chicken populations and the association with growth traits in kampung chicken. Research consisted of two steps namely analysis of IGF2 and GHR genes polymorphimsm in some chicken populations and association of IGF2 and GHR genes with growth traits in kampung chicken. A total of 313 head of chickens from nine populations consisted of kampung, pelung, sentul, merawang, commercial meat type and the crossbred of kampung-commercial meat type, commercial meat type-kampung, pelung-sentul, and sentul-kampung chickens were used as DNA resources for polymorphism analysis. A total of 56 head of kampung chickens were used as matery for association analysis. Genotyping was done by PCR-RFLP method (Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fargment Length Polymorphism). The data analysis were genotype frequency, allele frequency, heterozigosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and association of genotype and phenotype using GLM (General Linear Model). Result showed there were TC mutation on IGF2 gene and GA mutation on GHR gene. IGF2 gene in all population was polymorphic. GHR gene was monomorphic in pelung, sentul and the crossbreed of pelung-sentul chickens. IGF2 gene had high heterozigosity in the crossbred of pelung-sentul, kampung and crossbred of kampung-commercial meat type whereas there was no population with high heterozigosity on GHR gene. The association analysis showed there was no association between IGF2 and GHR genes polymorphism with growth traits in kampung chicken.
Keyword: GHR gene, growth traits, IGF2 gene, local chicken, polymorphism

Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Insulin-Like Growth Factor I (IGF-1) Pada Ayam Lokal Dan Ras Pedaging Dengan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Identification of gene diversity is closely related on production levels. One of the genes that suspected to have an influence on the nature of growth is the insulin-like growth Factor I (IGF-1). Restriction fragment length polymorphisms and polymerase chain reaction allows the identification of genetic diversity directly at the DNA level. This study aims to identify the diversity of IGF-1 and find out the variation of genes at several native chicken and broiler. Total number of samples were 100 heads from are native chicken and broiler chicken. Native chicken that consists of four types : 15 kampoeng chickens, 16 kedu chickens, 15 sentul chickens and 15 pelung chickens, 23 arab chickens, and 16 broiler chickens. Using PCR-RFLP method by Pst1 restriction enzyme. Genotyping the IGF-1 gene resulted in two alleles, namely A and B, with three genotypes, namely AA, AB dan BB. The average frequency of the A allele followed by native chickens and broiler chickens was higher (0.68) than the B allele (0.32). AA genotype had the highedt average frequency (0.56) than the AB genotype (0.40) and the BB genotype (0.04). Chi-Square analysis showed that kampoeng chickens, kedu chickens, sentul chickens, pelung chickens, and broiler chickens were in Hardy-weinberg (HW) equilibrium (X2 < X2(0.05)), contrast to arab chickens (X2 > X2(0.05)). The sixth type of chicken has a low heterozygosity values. The closest kinship exists between populations kedu chicken and chicken Sentul at 0.395, and the farthest are the populations of broiler chickens and that is equal to 0.979.
Keyword: genetic polymorphism, IGF-I, broiler chicken, native chickens

Judul: Numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring in front of impermeable breakwater with different steepnesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters. A two-dimensional hydrodynamics model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed and then combined with an empirical sediment transport model. Comparisons with an analytical solution and experimental data showed the present model is very accurate in predicting the near bottom velocity and capable of simulating the scour/deposition patterns consistent with experimental data. It was found that the additional terms of bottom shear stress in the momentum equations are necessary to produce a physical scouring pattern. Different breakwater steepnesses produce different characteristics of standing wave, the steady streaming system, and scouring pattern in front of the breakwaters, which also affects the correlations between them. An additional analysis of the turbulence field parameters and the sediment transport rate was also performed. All these important information will be presented in details in this paper and can be worthwhile for designing the breakwater in coastal areas.
Keyword: The RANS–VOF model Standingwave Steadystreamingsystem Scouring pattern Breakwatersteepness