Judul: Pemodelan Response Surface Methodology untuk Penentuan Kondisi Optimum Fermentasi Padat Trichoderma hamatum dalam Produksi Selulase
Abstrak: This research aims to determine modeling the Respose Surface Methodology for determining the optimum condition of solid fermentation Trichoderma hamatum on rice bran for producing celullase. Operating conditions that are set as independent variable are the moisture content, urea level, and germ level, and than the parameters analyzed is the value of cellulase enzyme activity of rice bran extract is expressed in FPU/gds (gram of dry solid). The empirical equation of RSM obtained in this research is the FPU = 3.456 – 3.991(water) + 1.090(urea) + 0.341(germ) + 1.557(water)2 - 0.135(urea)2 - 0.224(germ)2 - 0.361(water)(urea) + 0.588(water)(germ) - 0.046(urea)(germ). This equation has proved to be valid for range of moisture content 70-100%, urea 2-2.8%, and germ 1.2-2%. The maximum activity value was obtained from nutrition compotition is determined base on it is 5.620 ± 1,036 FPU/gds. Feculence extract from rice bran has been used to produce alcohol with bioethanol level 3.51% and 21.33% from teoritical value.
Keyword: Trichoderma hamatum., Response Surface Methodology (RSM), Cellulase, Bioethanol

Judul: Optimasi Produksi Selulase Berbasis Ampas Kelapa Oleh Trichoderma hamatum
Abstrak: Cellulase production based coconut pulp is done by using Trichoderma hamatum and cellulose produced for conversion of Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (EFB) into bioethanol. The optimum fermentation conditions of Trichoderma hamatum based coconut pulp is unknown. This research aims to obtain optimum conditions for cellulase production through solid fermentation with variations of volume water, urea, and Trichoderma hamatum weight. The optimum conditions for cellulose production is obtained by variation water volume 64.28%, urea, and the weight of Trichoderma hamatum consecutive 2.51%, 0.83%, and 1.30% is 6.75 ± 1.31 FPU/gds. Combination of cellulose from Trichoderma hamatum and commercial β-glucosidase for the production of ethanol from EFB is 3.93% v/v, whereas the only commercial β-glucosidase is 0.47% v/v. Substitution with commercial cellulose enzymes produced in this research produce bioethanol 0.07% v/v, while the use of cellulase produced simultaneously with commercial cellulase is 0.20% v/v. Ethanol levels obtained using cellulose from Trichoderma hamatum lower than using commercial cellulose.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Trichoderma hamatum, Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (PEFB), Cellulase, Bioethanol, Coconut pulp

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan