Judul: Model of dengue haemorrhagic fever controlling policy in Indramayu Regency
Abstrak: Dengue haemorrhagic fever (DHF) still becomes a problem in Indramayu regency. The occurance of DHF is linked to a number of factors, including the environment, population, health service, and vector of DHF (Aedes aegypti). The objective of this research is to establish a model of DHF controlling policy in Indramayu regency used quantitative and qualitative analysis, observational, cross sectional, Analytical Hierarchy Process, Interpretative Structural Modelling, and system approach. The location of this research is in six districts: Sindang, Indramayu, Jatibarang, Terisi, Sukagumiwang, and Tukdana. Respondents were 721 persons, consisted of 671 head of families (with random sampling), and 35 officials from government institution and 15 as experts (with purposive sampling). The results of study show that the occurance of DHF is statistically have significant relationship with (1) the health condition of household, (2) the household’s water income, (3) the household’s garbage handling, (4) the respondent’s knowledge of DHF, (5) the healthy behavior of the member of the family, (6) the household’s money income/expenditure per capita, (7) the respondent’s formal education, (8) the schedule to cleaning out the water container, and (9) the rainfall index. The main strategy to control the occurance of DHF, based on Analytical Hierarchy Process, such as the increase of healthy living environment. The key factors to control the occurance of DHF, based on prospective analysis of the Interpretative Structural Modelling outputs, id est: interprogrammer and interinstitutional cooperation at all of government administration level and supporting of environment health education. The model simulation result can give a description of the real system behavior. Of the three formulated scenarios (optimistic, moderate, and pesimistic), application of optimistic scenario is assumed as the most effective. The DHF controlling policy that need to be implementated is focused to the four factors, id est: (1) the health environment: household garbage handling, waste water, water supplies, space and building sanitation, and mosquito repellent house plant, (2) the demography: population growth; and the community knowledge, attitude, and practice; (3) the health service: cure and health education program; and (4) the vector of DHF: management of the water storage containers, Aedes aegypti eggs, larvaes, pupa, and preventive measure of the Aedes aegypti mosquitos bite. In order to implement the DHF controlling policy effectively, Indramayu government need to increase (1) the good management of the interprogrammer and interinstitutional cooperation and good management of the controlling DHF team sistematically from the regency to the district administration, (2) the supporting of technologies, funds, facilities, and standard operating procedure of health education, and (3) the service quality of the Public Health Centre.
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Judul: Kajian Potensi Transmisi Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue Berdasarkan Curah Hujan dan Suhu di Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a viral disease which has spread throughout Indonesia over the past 25 years. Ae. aegypti is the main vector of the disease. In Indonesia, especially in Central Java, there has been an upward trend in the incidence of dengue hemorrhagic fever. Therefore some efforts to suppress an outbreak of this disease had been done by the government with focus against the vector. This research aims to determine and mapping the transmission potential (TP) of DHF in Central Java under 4 principal seasons: rainy (December- February), transition 1 (March – May), dry (June-August) and transition 2 (September – November) at 3 rainfall conditions ( below normal, normal and above normal years) using vectorial capacity (VC) method. The results show that the maximum average VC for under normal years occur on December-February, whereas for normal and above normal years its occurs on March-May. In every rainfall condition, the minimum VC occur on June-August when rainfall is minimum. Based on resulted map from this research, in coastal area of northern and southern site of Central Java which is lowland area, TP were higher than in central area which is highland. TP on city with high population such as Tegal, Semarang, and Surakarta were higher. Nevertheless, between VC and incidence rate (IR) were significant with coefficient correlation 0.057, caused by there weren’t interventions between 35 districts in Central Java to supress the number of DHF disease in case of sanitation, vector controls (fogging, aerial spraying, making abate), immunity of society, etc.
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Judul: Pengaruh Konsentrasi Minyak Biji Karet (Hevea brasiliensis) dan Waktu Oksidasi Dalam Penyamakan Minyak Terhadap Mutu Kulit Samoa.
Abstrak: Kulit merupakan salah satu produk yang memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi ketika diolah menjadi produkproduk yang berdayaguna dan memiliki nilai estetika. Salah satu bentuk pengolahan yang dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah kulit hewan yaitu dengan cara penyamakan. Salah satu produk akhir kulit yang disamak adalah kulit samak minyak (chamois leather). Kulit samak minyak (samoa) dihasilkan dari penyamakan kulit dengan menggunakan minyak. Minyak yang biasa digunakan untuk menyamak kulit adalah minyak ikan. Selain minyak ikan, minyak nabati dapat digunakan sebagai bahan penyamak dengan syarat harus memiliki nilai bilangan iod >120. Salah satu minyak nabati yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan penyamak adalah minyak biji karet. Proses penyamakan pada kulit terjadi karena adanya oksidasi pada minyak sehingga membentuk senyawa peroksida yang berikatan dengan senyawa protein dalam kulit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan konsentrasi minyak biji karet yang digunakan sebagai bahan penyamak dengan waktu oksidasi terhadap mutu kulit samoa yang dihasilkan. Selain itu, penelitian bertujuan untuk menentukan kombinasi perlakuan terbaik. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan dengan cara menganalisis parameter fisikokimia minyak dan biji karet. Penelitian utama dilakukan dengan menyamak kulit berdasarkan perlakuan kombinasi konsentrasi biji karet pada taraf 10, 20, dan 30 % dan waktu oksidasi selama 5, 7, dan 9 hari dengan ulangan sebanyak 2 kali. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah split plot. Faktor yang menjadi plot utama adalah konsentrasi minyak dan waktu oksidasi sebagai sub plot. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh pada penelitian pendahuluan, persentase kulit biji karet sebesar 42% dan persentase daging biji karet sebesar 58%. Biji karet yang telah dijemur dan dipanaskan memiliki kadar air 8,06% dan rendemen minyak yang diperoleh dari ekstraksi biji karet utuh sebesar 10,57%. Nilai karakteristik minyak biji karet yang diperoleh yaitu: bobot jenis 0,93 (b/v), viskositas 67,34 centistokes, warna 2713 Unit PtCo , bilangan asam 11,70 mg KOH/g minyak , FFA 5,82%, bilangan iod 115 g iod/ 100 g minyak, bilangan penyabunan 357,16 mg KOH/g minyak, dan bilangan peroksida 22,93 miliekuivalen/1000 g minyak. Hasil pengaruh perlakuan terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia pada kulit yakni (1). Kosentrasi minyak berpengaruh nyata terhadap daya serap air. (2). Waktu oksidasi bepengaruh nyata terhadap , suhu pengerutan, kadar abu, dan pH. (3). Interaksi konsentrasi minyak dan waktu oksidasi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap kekuatan tarik, kekuatan sobek, elongasi, dan kadar minyak.
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