Judul: Lama pemberian pakan mengandung tepung meniran Phyllanthus niruri dan bawang putih Allium sativum untuk pencegahan infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele dumbo Clarias sp.
Abstrak: Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila induced serious epidemics of disease in freshwater fish one catfish Clarias sp. This research purposed was to determine optimum durations of the application feed contains of mixed powders Pyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum to preventing MAS. Experimental design was Complete Random Design that consist 3 treatmens and 3 replications. This research tested 3 different durations of 7 application of P. niruri and A. sativum, namely A (feed with P. niruri and A. sativum powder application during 21 days and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml), B (feed with P. niruri and A. sativum powder application during 14 days and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml), C (feed with P. niruri and A. sativum powder application during 7 days and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml), and control, namely K- (without P. niruri and A. sativum powder application and injected with PBS 0,1 ml) and K+ (without P. niruri and A. sativum powder application and infected with A. hydrophila 0,1 ml). The treatments was given for 21 days before challenging test, at 22th day test in vivo carried out by injecting A. hydrophila (108 CFU/ml) into the fish by intramuscular and observed for 10 days. The highest value of survival rate that consist in treatment K⁻ was 100 ± 0.00%, treatment A was 93.3 ± 11.55%, and treatment B was 73.33 ± 30.55%. While treatment K+ and C have the same survival rate that is, 26.67 ± 11.55%. The application P. niruri and A. sativum powder during 21 days was optimum for preventing MAS in catfish.
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Judul: Efektivitas campuran bubuk meniran Phyllanthu niruri dan bawang putih Allium sativum dalam pakan untuk pengobatan infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele dumbo Clarias sp.
Abstrak: Intensive aquaculture system can increase the risk infection of fatal disease such as Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. The addition of herb medicine in feed is an alternative treatment. This research purposed to determine the optimum dose of Phyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum mixed in feed to cure MAS. This research tested 4 different dose of Phyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum mixed in feed. Dose were mixed in feed was 0.2% (A), 2.2% (B), 4.2% (C), 6.2% (D) and also negative and positive control were feed without Phyllanthus niruri and Allium sativum powder. In vivo test carried out in fish sized 11.39±0.62 cm and weight 10.12±1.70 gram. Injection of 0,1 ml A. hydrophila (108 cfu/ml) was done for positive control, A, B, C, and D. In the same time, the negative control was injected 0,1 ml Phosphate Buffered Saline. The feed had being given to fish at 2 until 8 days after injection. Parameter observed including feeding response, growth rate, survival rate, clinical symptoms and wound healing, and organs morphology. Data different in survival rate, growth rate and feeding response between treatment were analysed by ANOVA single factor. In the other hand, descriptive analysis was done for organs morphology, wound healing, and clinical symptom. The result showed that the survival of negative control was 100% and positive control 26.67±23.09%. The survival rate of positive control was not different significantly with A 33.33±11.55%, B 46.67±11.55%, C 33.33±11.55%, D 26.67±11.55%. This result means the mixed powder of Allium sativum and Phyllanthus niruri in feed wasn't effective for curing MAS in catfish.
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Judul: Surakarta: Perkembangan Kota Ditinjau Dari Perubahan Kondisi Sosial Pada Bekas Ibukota Kerajaan Di Jawa.
Abstrak: Suatu lanskap tidaklah terbentuk begitu saja namun memiliki sejarah perkembangannya sendiri. Pengaruh peristiwa alam dan intervensi manusia pada lanskap dan lingkungannya akan menimbulkan suatu bentukan yang khas pada wajah lanskapnya yang akan terlihat berbeda antara satu tempat dengan tempat yang lain. Lanskap yang dibangun manusia dalam suatu periode sejarah dapat merefleksikan kebudayaan, ekonomi dan "political nature" suatu masyarakat yang dengan mempelajarinya dapat lebih memahami manusia yang ada sekarang serta bagaimana mereka mengekspresikan dirinya dalam pembangunan lanskapnya (Carpenter ef.al., 1975). Dengan kata lain sejarah adalah suatu proses yang menyertai terbentuknya suatu lanskap, termasuk diantaranya lanskap suatu kota.
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