Judul: Analisis Daya Dukung dan Strategi Pengelolaan Kawasan Wisata Bandung Zoo di Era New Normal Covid-19
Abstrak: Kesejahteraan satwa dan keberlanjutan wisata di Bandung Zoo terancam semenjak pandemi Covid-19 yang ditandai dengan menurunnya kunjungan wisatawan dan pendapatan di Bandung Zoo. Selain itu, penerapan protokol kesehatan yang mengharuskan wisatawan menjaga jarak sejauh 1,5 meter dapat mengubah preferensi wisatawan terkait luasan area yang dibutuhkan untuk beraktivitas sehingga memengaruhi daya dukung kawasan wisata. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kunjungan wisata, (2) mengestimasi kapasitas daya dukung kawasan wisata, dan (3) merumuskan strategi pengelolaan wisata Bandung Zoo di era new normal Covid-19. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kunjungan di Bandung Zoo antara lain usia, tingkat pendidikan, dan pendapatan. Daya dukung fisik kawasan wisata Bandung Zoo sebelum pandemi Covid-19 berada pada kondisi over carrying capacity dan setelah pandemi Covid-19 berada pada kondisi under carrying capacity. Daya dukung fisik kawasan wisata Bandung Zoo sebelum pandemi Covid-19 adalah 1.237 orang/hari dan setelah pandemi Covid-19 (era new normal) adalah 887 orang/hari. Alternatif yang menjadi prioritas berdasarkan penilaian dari tiga pakar adalah pengelolaan kebersihan, kesehatan, keselamatan, dan kelestarian satwa dan kawasan wisata., The welfare and sustainability of tourism activities at Bandung Zoo has been threatened since the Covid-19 pandemic which marked by a decline in tourist visits and income at Bandung Zoo. Implementation of a health protocol that requires tourists to maintain 1,5 meter distance can change tourist preferences regarding the area required for activities, thereby affecting the carrying capacity of tourist areas. Based on this condition, this study aims to (1) analyze the factors that influence tourist visits, (2) estimate the carrying capacity of tourist areas, and (3) formulate a Bandung Zoo tourism management strategy in the new normal era of Covid-19. The results of the study show that the factors that influence visits to the Bandung Zoo include age, education level, and income. The physical carrying capacity of the Bandung Zoo tourist area before the pandemic was over carrying capacity and after the pandemic was under carrying capacity. The physical carrying capacity of the Bandung Zoo tourist area before the pandemic was 1.237 people/day and after the pandemic (new normal era) is 887 people/day. The priority alternative based on the assessment of three experts is the development of management of cleanliness, health, safety and preservation of animals and tourist areas.
Keyword: analytical hierarchy process, physical carrying capacity, multiple linear regression, tourist visits

Judul: The Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and the Health Protocols Carrying Capacity Based Tourism Management at Boonpring Andeman Malang
Abstrak: Pada akhir tahun 2019 terjadi kasus penyebaran virus corona (Covid-19) yang berdampak pada aktivitas ekonomi di Indonesia, dimana salah satu sektor ekonmi yang merasakan dampak yang besar adalah pariwisata. Dampak pandemic terhadap aktivitas wisata juga dirasakan di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman. Terlaksananya kegiatan wisata berbasis protokol kesehatan di Kawasan Wisata Boonpring Andeman dengan membatasi jumlah pengunjung dapat selaras dengan daya dukung kawasan agar kawasan wisata dapat berkelanjutan dengan menjaga keamanan, kenyamanan, serta kelestarian sumberdaya alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengestimasi dampak ekonomi dan lingkungan sebelum dan sesudah adanya pandemi di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman, (2) mengestimasi kapasitas daya dukung kawasan apabila terlaksananya upaya pembatasan sesuai protokol kesehatan Covid-19 di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman, (3) menganalisis pengelolaan wisata Boonpring Andeman yang adaptif terhadap pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan yaitu multiplier effect, analisis Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman menurun, sedangkan nilai Ratio Income Multiplier Tipe I dan II mengalami peningkatan. Kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman masih under carrying capacity dari segi fisiknya. Pengelolaan wisata yang adaptif terhadap pandemi Covid-19 dapat diterapkan di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman., At the end of 2019 there were cases of the spread of the corona virus (Covid-19) which had an impact on economic activity in Indonesia, one of which was from the tourism sector. This pandemic has implications for activities from the tourism sector, including in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area. The implementation of health protocols by limiting the number of visitors can be in line with the carrying capacity of the area so that tourist areas can be sustainable by maintaining security, comfort, and the preservation of natural resources. The objectives of this study are: (1) to estimate the economic and environmental impacts before and after the pandemic in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area, (2) to estimate the carrying capacity of the area if the restrictions are implemented according to the Covid-19 health protocol in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area, (3) analyzing the management of Boonpring Andeman tourism which is adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is the multiplier effect, analysis of Regional Carrying Capacity (DDK), and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the value of the Keynesian Income Multiplier in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area decreased, while the value of the Ratio Income Multiplier Type I and II increased. The Boonpring Andeman tourist area is still under carrying capacity from a physical point of view. Tourism management that is adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic can be applied in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area.
Keyword: carrying capacity, multiplier effect, new normal, physical and social restrictions

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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