Judul: Peranan Modal Sosial Dalam Pengembangan Nilai Kewirausahaan (Kasus Pedagang Kecil dan Anggota Kelompok Tani di Desa Cikarawang Kecamatan Dramaga Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: It seems that entrepreneurship becomes more urgently needed in Indonesia, especially in village society since human resources development rank is the lowest position among the development countries. The values of entrepreneurship development is beneficial to start or operate the trade. These principal values is build from the influence of social capital which “The social capital” is fastly growing and become a backbone of the entire trade system. Farmer group and minor seller in the village are one of the most important actors behind the system. Be successfull entrepreneur, they are also supported by individual capacity. The main goal of this research is to know the role of social capital in entrepreneurship value development.
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Judul: Peranan Modal Sosial terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha Industri Kecil Alas Kaki di Desa Ciomas - Bogor
Abstrak: Social capital has an important role to various development programs, including among small industrial entrepreneurs. This study intend to analyze the stock of social capital and its role in the business achievement rate. The study was conducted in the Ciomas village using survey methods. The results showed that the stock of social capital in footwear small industries entrepreneurs in the Ciomas village, includes trust, networks, and norms belong to the category of being. Social capital has a real connection to the business achievment of footwear small industries in the Ciomas village. Elements of the role of social capital is trust and networks, while the norm doesn’t have any significant role. It shows that social capital as a whole has a role in the business achievement of footwear small industries in Ciomas village.
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Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum