Judul: Systematic Review Effect of Raw Materials and Extraction Methods on Collagen Characteristics of Fish and Sea Cucumbers
Abstrak: Kolagen merupakan jenis protein struktural yang tersusun dari asam-asam amino seperti prolin, hidroksiprolin, alanin dan glisin. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk membandingkan pengaruh bahan baku dan metode ekstraksi terhadap karakteristik kolagen ikan dan teripang dari berbagai sumber literatur. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan teknik Systematic Literature Review terhadap penelitian kolagen dari hasil perairan pada tahun 2009 sampai 2020. Penelitian dibagi menjadi beberapa tahapan yaitu identifikasi pertanyaan, pengembangan protokol, menetapkan lokasi data base, seleksi hasil dan pemilihan penilitian, ekstraksi dan sintesis hasil, serta penyajian hasil penelitian. Hasil review menunjukkan rendemen kolagen terbaik pada literatur bahan baku teripang dan kulit ikan metode enzimatis 23.90% dan 16.31%, gelembung renang dan sisik ikan metode hidroekstraksi 21.34% dan 10.16%. Asam amino glisin tertinggi pada sisik ikan hidroekstraksi 38.45%, asam amino prolin kulit ikan larut asam 12.78%. Kolagen pada literatur menunjukkan ikan dan teripang memiliki gugus fungsi pada puncak serapan amida A, amida B, amida I, amida II, dan amida III.
Keyword: amino acid, functional group, yield

Judul: Ekstraksi dan Karakterisasi Kolagen dari Kulit Ikan Tongkol (Euthynnus affinis)
Abstrak: Collagen is the most abundant protein in the living body and comprising approximately 30% of the total protein content. Utilization of waste from the skin of eastern little tuna to produce collagen is one alternative to increase the economic value of its waste. Pretreatment process in extracting collagen affects the quality of collagen that obtained. The different concentration of NaOH (0.05; 0.1; and 0.2 M) and soaking time (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 hours) were used as the pretreatment step. The best result of pretreatment was obtained from soaking the skin in a solution of 0.05 M NaOH for 12 hours with the lowest of soluble non-collagen protein concentration was 0.140 mg/mL. The yield and pH of the best collagen were 7.459% and 5.29, respectively. The highest solubility of collagen was 90.80% at pH 3. Amino acid analysis showed that the collagen has a glycine, proline, arginine, and alanine were dominant. FTIR analysis showed the major absorption bands of amide A, B, I, II, and III were at wavenumber 3395 cm-1, 2929 cm-1, 1652 cm-1, 1543 cm-1, and 1237 cm-1, respectively.
Keyword: amino acid, collagen, eastern little tuna, FTIR, yield

Judul: Eksplorasi Masalah Logaritma Diskret pada Finite Field G P(2m)
Abstrak: Discrete logarithm problem represents a problem which is defined as modular arithmetic. It is often used to generate a key pair on public key cryptography as security object. Given cyclic group G of order n, αgenerator of G, and β∈􀜩, then, in general, discrete logarithm problem is determined as the integer 􀝔, 0≤􀝔≤􀝊−1, such that α􀯫≡β(mod 􀝊). In Menezes et al. (1997) the algorithm to solve the discrete logarithm problem in common cyclic group G are Exhaustive Search algorithm, Baby-Step Giant-Step, Pollard's rho, Pohlig Hellman and Index Calculus. Furthermore, these algorithms are explored to determine the solution of discrete logarithm problem on 􀜩􀜨(2􀯠). The reconstructed algorithms are implemented using Maple 11 software. These implementation can be used to measure security level of cryptography algorithm, which is based on security aspects of discrete logarithm problem
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