Judul: Optimasi Zat Pengatur Tumbuh Dalam Multiplikasi Tunas Dan Induksi Perakaran Ruscus (Ruscus hypophyllum) Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Tujuan dari peneiitian ini adalah untuk menentukan pengaruh kombinasi NAA dengan Kinetin atau IAA dengan BAP dalam mendorong multiplikasi tunas dan pengaruh komhinasi IBA dengan B9 dalam mendorong perakaran tunas mikro ruscus dan aklimatisasinya di lapang.
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Judul: Pengaruh bap dan naa terhadap multiplikasi pucuk snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) secara in vitro
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh zat pengatur tumbuh BAP dan NAA terhadap multiplikasi tunas pada tanaman snapdragon secara in vitro serta pengaruh konsentrasi IBA dalam mendorong perakaran tunas snapdragon secara in vitro. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap percobaan terpisah. Percobaan tahap pertama terdiri dari kombinasi antara faktor BAP dengan tiga taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0.5 mg/1, 1.0 mg/1 dan 2.0 mg/1 dan faktor NAA dengan dua taraf konsentrasi yaitu 0.1 mg/1 dan 0.5 mg/l. Setiap perlakuan dalam percobaan ini diulang sebanyak 10 kali. Percobaan tahap kedua terdiri dari dua taraf IBA yaitu 0.5 mg/1 dan 1.0 mg/l yang diulang sebanyak 20 kali. Rancang- an percobaan yang digunakan ialah Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Pada percobaan tahap pertama diperoleh persentase kultur yang mengalami multiplikasi rata-rata sebesar 65.5% yang mulai terjadi antara 2-3 Minggu Setelah Tanam (MST). Perlakuan BAP 2.0 mg/1 dan NAA 0.1 mg/1 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dalam merangsang pembentukan tunas dengan rata-rata 8 tunas/kultur. Dari tahap inisiasi hingga subkultur kedua ternyata multiplikasi tunas terbaik pada konsentrasi BAP 2.0 mg/1. Perlakuan terbaik untuk tinggi tanaman dan pembentukan daun ialah perlakuan BAP 0.5 mg/1 dan NAA 0.1 mg/1. Penambahan konsentrasi NAA dari 0.1 mg/1 menjadi 0.5 mg/l tidak memperbaiki multiplikasi tunas yang terbentuk, tinggi tanaman dan jumlah daun.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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