Judul: Pengaruh irradiasi sinar gamma cobalt 60 terhadap perubahan karakter morfologi, molekuler dan senyawa aktif tanaman sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich Ex Ness).
Abstrak: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Wallich Ex Ness) is a medicinal plant that became the pre-eminent national and prospective to be developed in Indonesia. Self pollination from sambiloto affected of the low of genetic variation. Irradiation is one strategy that can be used to increase the genetic diversity for economically important characters and improve the content of the active compounds in medicinal plants. One method to increase the genetic diversity is by using irradiation. The change of mutan character in medicinal plants by irradiation can be detected by morphological and molecular. Detection of characters change by morphology character is done by observing changes in phenotype, while in molecular character can be done at the DNA level by PCR analysis. The aim of this research was to change mutan character of sambiloto plants by irradiaton with gamma rays on morphology and molecular character. Seeds of sambiloto in clean plastic were irradiated in Cobalt 60 Gamma Chamber machine with dose treatment were: 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 125, 150, 175, 200, 225, 250, 275 and 300 Gy. Morphological observation was performed on sambiloto mutan in M1V0, M1V1, M1V2 and M1V3 generations. Analysis of molecular mutant by 10 primers of ISSR was used to obtain DNA profiles. Detection of pytochemical profiles has been done by HPLC method. The result of LD50 analyzed by using CurveExpert 1.3 was obtained 140.363 Gy. There were morphological changes between irradiated plants and control. Analysis of varians showed significant result of some observed character. Analysis of DNA profiles showed 5 primers can distinguish changes of DNA profiles, 4 primers showed the same number and size bands and 1 primer could not amplified. Analysis of genetic similarity obtained 6 groups with genetic distance 0.79-1.00. Analysis of chemichal profiles using HPLC showed different andrographolide content ranged from 6.5%-10.9%. More higher doses showed more high andrographolide content. Phytochemical profiles showed 3 mutants had additional peak compared to control.
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Judul: Quality Control of Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) Using Portable Photometer and Pattern Recognition Methods.
Abstrak: Sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) adalah salah satu tanaman yang dikenal sebagai antikanker, antidiabetes, dan antibakteri. Kendali mutu merupakan upaya untuk menjamin mutu dan khasiat yang dimilikinya. Keragaman mutu dari sambiloto dapat dilihat dari komposisi kandungan kimia yang dimiliki berdasarkan umur tanamnya. Pada penelitian ini keragaman mutu sambiloto yang berumur 1, 2, dan 3 bulan dievaluasi menggunakan teknik spektoskopi menggunakan alat fotometer jinjing yang digabungkan dengan teknik pengenalan pola, yaitu principle component analysis (PCA) dan partial least square discriminant analysis (PLSDA). Analisis kromatografi lapis tipis menunjukkan bahwa sambiloto dengan umur 1, 2, dan 3 bulan memiliki keragaman mutu senyawa aktifnya. Analisis menggunakan fotometer jinjing yang digabungkan dengan menggunakan teknik pengenalan pola, yaitu PCA dan PLSDA terhadap tanaman obat sambiloto telah berhasil mengklasifikasikan keragaman mutu berdasarkan umur tanaman (umur 1, 2, dan 3 bulan). Analisis PCA menggunakan dua komponen utama (PC) pertama dapat menjelaskan 95% variasi dalam data (PC 1 = 60% dan PC 2 = 35%). Analisis PLSDA menghasilkan 3 model, yaitu model umur 1 bulan (R2 kalibrasi = 0,9975, R2 prediksi = 0,9972, RMSEC = 0,0238, RMSEP = 0,0269), 2 bulan (R2 kalibrasi = 09972, R2 prediksi = 0,9970, RMSEC = 0,0248, RMSEP = 0,0274), dan 3 bulan (R2 kalibrasi = 0,9975, R2 prediksi = 0,9965, RMSEC = 0,0235, RMSEP = 0,0263).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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