Judul: Pengaruh aplikasi ekstrak daun Pepaya pada kemasan kelobot Jagung terhadap mutu wajit tradisional
Abstrak: Wajit adalah produk pangan semi basah dengan bahan dasar utama gula merah, santan, gula putih, garam, dan beras ketan. Masalah yang sering dijumpai pada wajit adalah tumbuhnya mikroorganisme kapang khamir dan tengik. Ekstrak daun pepaya (Carica papaya) secara alami mengandung komponen bioaktif flavonoid, alkaloid, dan saponin. Aplikasi ekstrak daun pepaya pada kulit kelobot jagung sebagai kemasan pada wajit diharapkan mampu menurunkan oksidasi, tingkat cemaran total mikroba dan kapang khamir. Kemasan kelobot jagung direndam pada larutan ekstrak daun pepaya berkonsentrasi 0 (kontrol), 10, 25, 50 mg/ml kemudian disimpan selama 25 hari dan diamati tiap 5 hari. Hasil menunjukan selama penyimpanan 25 hari mikroba dan kapang hanya tumbuh pada kontrol. Kapang khamir (log koloni/g wajit) tumbuh dari <1.17 menjadi 2.48±0.16 sedangkan total mikroba (log koloni/g wajit) tumbuh dari <2.40 menjadi 4.60±0.00. Kadar asam lemak bebas dan nilai bilangan peroksida berturut – turut dari tertinggi ke terendah adalah pada perlakuan 0, 10, 25, 50 mg/ml. Berdasarkan hasil, larutan ekstrak daun pepaya dengan konsentrasi 10, 25, dan 50 mg/ml yang diaplikasikan pada kemasan kelobot jagung mampu menghambat oksidasi dan pertumbuhan mikoba kapang khamir.
Keyword: wajit, maize husk, papaya leaves extract, microbe, oxidation

Judul: Aktivitas Antimikroba Kemasan Kelobot Jagung dengan Penambahan Ekstrak Daun Pepaya untuk Wajit Cililin
Abstrak: Kelobot jagung yang dimodifikasi dengan penambahan ekstrak daun pepaya adalah solusi untuk mengatasi ketengikan dan kontaminasi mikroorganisme pada wajit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan ekstrak daun pepaya terhadap mutu wajit. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah penambahan ekstrak daun pepaya pada kelobot (25%, 50%, 75%, 100%). Parameter yang diamati yaitu kandungan fitokimia ekstrak daun pepaya, kadar air, aktivitas air, kadar Asam Lemak Bebas, Angka Lempeng Total, Angka Kapang Khamir, Angka Kapang Xerofilik, Angka Aspergillus flavus, dan sensori wajit. Pemilihan konsentrasi terpilih menggunakan analisis ragam terhadap hasil uji mutu mikrobiologi kelobot. Ekstrak daun pepaya 100% memiliki kandungan fitokimia yang cukup tinggi. Selama penyimpanan 14 hari, kadar asam lemak bebas, ALT, dan AKK wajit kontrol meningkat jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan wajit yang dikemas dengan kelobot yang ditambahkan ekstrak daun pepaya. Uji Duo-Trio terhadap wajit menunjukkan tidak ada perbedaan nyata antara wajit kontrol dan wajit perlakuan. Penambahan ekstrak daun pepaya 100% pada kelobot dapat menghambat oksidasi dan pertumbuhan mikroba pada wajit sehingga dapat memperpanjang umur simpan wajit.
Keyword: Daun pepaya, kelobot jagung, wajit Cililin

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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