Judul: Pemberdayaan masyarakat melalui program pengembangan lembaga mandiri yang mengakar di masyarakat Studi kasus Pesantren Pertanian Darul Fallah Desa Cibanteng Kecamatan Ciampea Kabupaten Bogor Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Kebijakan pembangunan yang bersifat topdown menempatkan masyarakat sebagai objek pembangunan, sehingga program pembangunan yang dilaksanakan hanya bersifat searah oleh pemerintah terhadap masyarakat. Demikian halnya dengan program-program dalam pembangunan pertanian, termasuk di dalamnya peternakan, sehingga mengalami kegagalan. Kegagalan perencanaan pembangunan top-down telah digantikan dengan perencanaan buttom up. Gagasan ini memunculkan konsep pembangunan berpusat pada manusia (people centered development) dimana manusia ditempatkan dalam posisi sentral subjek pembangunan. Namun konsep perencanaan buttom up dapat mengalami kegagalan jika tidak memperhatikan aspirasi masyarakat sehingga masyarakat tidak berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam pembangunan.
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Judul: Program peningkatan pemberdayaan keluarga melalui penumbuhan kelembagan:studi kasus participation action research di Desa Legok Kaler, Kecamatan Paseh, Kabupaten
Abstrak: Banyak program pemberdayaan belum menunjukan hasil yang memuaskan, bahkan cenderung gagal, dari evaluasi menunjukan pola penanganan bersifat top down, sentralistik, transparan dan akuntabilitas masih jauh dari memuaskan. Program dikerjakan sepihak oleh pemerintah, kriteria sasaran ditentukan sepihak dengan menapikan aspirasi, dan potensi sosial yang dimiliki.
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Judul: Pengukuran Jantung Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) dengan Radiografi Toraks
Abstrak: This research was conducted to evaluate radiographs heart size of anaesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under different combination of ketamine and xylazine. The rabbits were divided into three groups. Group A were anaesthetized using a 35 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=5). Group B were anaesthetized using a 40 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3) while group C were anaesthetized using 45 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3). Parameter of observation from left laterolateral view were: 1) the apicobasilar length of the heart (AB), 2) the width of the heart (CD), 3) the distance between the cranial edge of the fifth rib and the caudal edge of the seventh rib perpendicular to the spine (R5-7), and 4) the vertical depth of the toraks (H). Parameter of observation from dorsoventral view were: 1) the length of the heart (L), 2) the width of the heart (W), and 3) the width of the thorax (T). The result from the heart parameters observation that were measured in left laterolateral view and dorsoventral view shows theres no significantly differ among the groups (P > 0.05). The vertebrae heart size (VHS) values obtained from the sum of the length of the long and the short axes on left laterolateral view. The long axes mean values (A) were 4.35±0.26 v and the short axes mean values (B) were 3.59±0.30 v, therefore VHS mean values were 7.94±0.49 v. On the dorsoventral view, the length of the heart mean values (L) were 4.32±0.29 cm, the width of the heart mean values (W) were 3.33±0.26 cm, and the width of the thorax mean values (T) were 5.85±0.30 cm. In normal conditions, the width of the heart should be less than two-thirds the width of the thorax and values obtained of 3.33<3.72 it shows that the heart is in the normal range. The best ratio to calculated the normal heart dimension in the left laterolateral view was compared the long axes with the vertical depth of the thorax, whereas in dorsoventral view, the length of the heart was compared with the width of the heart.
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