Judul: Analisis Hidrologi Di Sub DAS Citanduy Hulu Menggunakan Model SWAT
Abstrak: Sub DAS Citanduy Hulu (72 404.45 ha) merupakan bagian dari DAS Citanduy yang masuk skala prioritas. Hubungan antara curah hujan, tutupan lahan dan jenis tanah sangatlah kompleks, sehingga diperlukan pemodelan untuk melihat karakteristik hidrologi. Salah satu model yang dapat digunakan untuk menggambarkan kondisi hidrologi DAS adalah model Soil Water Assessment Tool (SWAT). Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis kondisi hidrologi dan neraca air dengan menggunakan aplikasi model SWAT di Sub DAS Citanduy Hulu. Tutupan lahan yang dominan di Sub DAS Citanduy Hulu adalah sawah (23 937.12 ha). Jenis tanah dominan terdiri dari asosiasi humitropepts, dystrandepts, dan hydrandepts (23 226.18 ha). Validasi model SWAT menghasilkan nilai NSE sebesar 0.46 dan R² sebesar 0.6. Hasil ini menunjukan bahwa prediksi kondisi hidrologi yang memuaskan. Kondisi neraca air yang ada menghasilkan limpasan sebesar 13%, perkolasi sebesar 17%, aliran bawah tanah sebesar 15%, evapotranspirasi sebesar 34%, dan aliran lateral sebesar 21%. Evapotranspirasi adalah keluaran dengan persentase terbesar, yaitu 34% dari total curah hujan. Sedimentasi yang terjadi sebesar 48.57 ton/ha. Sungai di Sub DAS Citanduy Hulu akan mengalami kekeringan apabila tidak terjadi hujan selama 62.56 hari.
Keyword: analisis hidrologi, model SWAT, neraca air, Sub DAS Citanduy Hulu

Judul: Analisis Hidrologi Menggunakan Model SWAT di Sub DAS Ciwidey Kabupaten Bandung
Abstrak: Sub DAS Ciwidey merupakan salah satu hulu DAS Citarum dengan luas 2 842.56 ha didominasi penutupan lahan hutan (1 534.79 ha) dan jenis tanah Asosisasi andosol coklat dan regosol coklat (2 613.71 ha). Model Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) digunakan untuk menduga kondisi hidrologi. Model SWAT menggunakan masukan berupa tutupan lahan, peta tanah skala 1:25 000, data hujan harian dan modifikasi data hujan per jam. Simulasi dilakukan selama 5 bulan mulai tanggal 10 Februari 2013 sampai 23 Juni 2013. Hasil kalibrasi menunjukkan nilai R2 sebesar 0.67 yang masuk dalam kategori memuaskan. Hasil analisa neraca air menunjukkan rasio evapotranspirasi aktual terhadap curah hujan sebesar 0.17, perkolasi 0.51, aliran bawah tanah 0.03, aliran lateral 0.20, dan aliran permukaan 0.06. Tiga kejadian debit puncak terjadi menunjukkan nilai water yield terbesar yaitu sebesar 4.74 mm dengan curah hujan sebesar 64 mm. Base flow sebelum debit puncak yaitu 0.06 mm dan besar direct run off yaitu 4.68 mm dengan rasio antara direct run off dan base flow sebesar 78. Tutupan hutan sangat berperan dalam pengendalian limpasan dan tingginya aliran dasar di Sub DAS Ciwidey.
Keyword: debit puncak, neraca air, Sub DAS Ciwidey, SWAT

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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