Judul: Rancang Bangun Alat Pemerah Susu Sapi Otomatis dengan Pulsator Tipe Pegas
Abstrak: Milk is an important commodity for improving people nutrition. The main source of milk production is dairy cow. In Indonesia, milk production is dominated by local dairy herdsmen who are still applying milking manually by hand. Actually local dairy herdsmen can use milking machine which is built simple and appropriate with common components. This study aims at design and build automatic milking machine with spring type pulsator. This milking machine can be used by smallscale dairy herdsmen because it is easy to use and maintaince. By using this milking machine, milk is also expexted to be more hygienic. The main components to make up this milking machine are teat cups, spring type pulsator, DC Motor, AC-DC regulator, vacuum pump, milkcan, and frame. The specific distinction of this milking machine with the modern milking machine is no need a claw to connect 4 milk tubes on teat cups with 4 pulse tubes on pulsator. Claw’s function is not replaced by any component, but the milkcan itself is made as direct vacuum reservoir. Power source to run this milking machine is entirely using electricity. Vacuum pump requires 250 watt power to produce vacuum pressure up to 50 kPa at milkcan as vacuum reservoir. And DC motor requires DC voltage at 3-12 V with current 5A to drive the pulsator. Spring type pulsator can produce pulsation rate 60 cycle per minute with pulse ratio 2.5:1, which means the resting phase on teat cups is 2.5 times longer than massage phase. Testing result revealed that the performance of the machine has not produced milk as expexted. Vacuum flow rate which is produced by pump is less efficient if it works at very short time interval. While the resting phase, the pulsation chamber has just begun to connect with vacuum and the interval 5/7 second is too short to produce enough vacuum in order to open the teat cup liners. It is because the vacuum flow rate is nullified at a moment before, while the massage phase running.
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Judul: Uji kinerja alat pemerah susu sapi semi otomatis tipe engkol
Abstrak: Secara kimia, susu adalah emulsi lemak dalam air yang mengandung gula, garam-garam mineral dan protein dalam bentuk suspensi koloid. Komponen utama susu adalah air, lemak protein (kasein dan albumin), laktosa (gula susu) dan abu. Komponen susu selain air merupakan Total Solid (TS). Total solid tanpa lemak disebut Solid non fat (SNF). Beberapa istilah lain yang biasa digunakan sehubungan dengan komponen utama susu ini ialah plasma susu atau susu skim, yaitu bagian susu yang mengandung semua komponen kecuali lemak, dan serum susu yaitu bagian susu yang mengandung semua komponen susu kecuali lemak dan kasein (Rahman, 1992). Susu sapi adalah salah satu hasil dari produksi sapi perah yang sangat dibutuhkan oleh masyarakat Indonesia dalam usaha meningkatkan kebutuhan gizi. Cara pemerahan susu sapi di Indonesia masih banyak menggunakan cara manual yaitu langsung dengan tangan, walaupun sebenarnya sudah ada mesin pemerah susu otomatis. Faktor penyebabnya karena harga mesin otomatis sangat mahal, yang jika dibandingkan dengan keuntungan yang diperoleh peternak sapi perah tidak akan mencukupi untuk membeli mesin tersebut. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut telah dilakukan kerjasama penelitian antara Departemen Teknik Pertanian ( TEP ) IPB dengan CENTRAS ( Center For Tropical Animal Studies) LPPM IPB dalam rancangan alat pemerah susu sapi semi otomatis tipe engkol. Dengan adanya kerjasama ini diharapkan akan dihasilkan alat pemerah susu sapi yang sesuai dengan kebutuhan para peternak sapi perah di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian ini akan dilakukan uji kinerja dan uji pengoperasian alat pemerah susu semi otomatis tipe engkol dengan tujuan untuk menentukan efektifitas fungsional dan produktivitas prototipe alat pemerah susu sapi semi otomatis tipe engkol dan menentukan beban kerja kualitatif operator pengguna alat pemerah susu sapi semi otomatis tipe engkol. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan mulai bulan Mei 2007 sampai dengan Agustus 2007 di Bengkel Departemen Teknik Pertanian dan di Ecofarm, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Persiapan peralatan uji dan pemeriksaan kondisi alat sebelum pengujian dilakukan di Bengkel Teknik Pertanian dan Pengujian kinerja di Ecofarm, Fakultas Peternakan, Kampus IPB Dramaga.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Kompleks Fe(III)-Kuersetin
Abstrak: Quercetin belongs to flavonols which is able to chelate metal ions. Quercetin may chelate metal ions at 3’,4’-catechol, 3- or 5-hydroxycromone sites. In this study, quercetin was complexed with Fe(III). The complex with Fe(III) ions from FeCl3·6H2O was more stable than the complex derived from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O. The quercetin was yellow in color and showed maximum wavelengths (λ􀭫􀭟􀭶) at 250 and 370 nm. The Fe(III)-quercetin complex from Fe(NO3)3·9H2O was yellowish green with 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 at 280 and 420 nm, whereas that from FeCl3·6H2O was dark green with 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 at 280 and 430 nm. The 􀟣􀭫􀭟􀭶 shift indicated that the complex was formed at 3-hydroxychromone site. The Fe(III)- quercetin complex was formed with 1:1 metal-ligand mole ratio based on atomic absorption spectrophotometry analysis and the X-ray diffractogram showed that the crystallinity of the complex was 37%.
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