Judul: Evaluasi Perubahan Metabolit pada Temulawak dengan Waktu Tanam Berbeda
Abstrak: Curcuma is an indigenous plant of Indonesia which processes biological activity as an antioxidants. Metabolites which play a role in the antioxidant activity of curcuma are curcuminoids the concentration of which are influenced by planting time. FTIR spectroscopy is a qualitative method of used to distinguish the changes in metabolites of curcuma at different planting time. The aims of this research is to correlate levels of curcuminoids and xanthorrizol with the antioxidants capacity and to evaluate and distinguish metabolite changes in rhizomes of curcuma at different planting time using FTIR. The antioxidant activity determined by three methods which is DPPH, FRAP and CUPRAC. The content of curcuminoids and xanthorrizol determined by HPLC method. The results showed that the age of nine months of curcuma has the highest concentration of curcuminoids and xanthorrizol. Based on correlation analysis it was found that the antioxidant capacity of DPPH method has a positive correlation (0.757 r 0.996) with curcuminoids or xanthorrizol, like that on the method of FRAP (0.522 r 0.976). In CUPRAC method a high correlations indicated by total yield (r = 0.986). FTIR spectral analysis gave absorption for functional group of OH (3389-3371 cm-1), carbonyl group (1628 cm-1), vibration stretching C-H by 2855-2962 cm-1 and 1053 cm-1. FTIR spectroscopy can be used to analyze changes in metabolites in different planting time.
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Judul: Interaction of Genotype and Environment on The Phenolic Levels and Antioxidant Activity of Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.)
Abstrak: Rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) memiliki potensi sebagai sumber antioksidan karena terdapat senyawa bioaktif metabolit sekunder seperti senyawa fenolik. Perbedaan kondisi abiotik lingkungan, seperti air dan suhu, menyebabkan cekaman pada tanaman dan akan terbentuk variasi akumulasi metabolit sekunder tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi produktivitas kadar fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan serta mendapatkan informasi mengenai stabilitas genotipe rimpang temulawak pada kadar fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan terhadap penanaman di tiga lokasi (Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi). Tahapan penelitian meliputi pengujian kadar fenolik dan aktivitas antioksidan metode DPPH serta daya adaptasi genotipe temulawak pada penanaman multilokasi dengan metode AMMI. Produktivitas kadar fenolik tertinggi diperoleh dari lokasi Sukabumi (7,8744 mg GAE/g), dan genotipe G5 (7,5394 mg GAE/g), sedangkan aktivitas antioksidan tertinggi diperoleh dari lokasi Cianjur (20,1519 μmol TE/g), dan genotipe G6 (21,1797 μmol TE/g). Keragaman lokasi berpengaruh nyata pada kadar fenolik, serta tidak terdapat interaksi genotipe dan lingkungan pada kedua parameter. Genotipe yang stabil pada ketiga lokasi adalah G2 untuk kadar fenolik, G3 dan G4 untuk aktivitas antioksidan, G1 dan G6 untuk kedua parameter, sementara G4 berpotensi stabil di Bogor untuk kadar fenolik., Temulawak rhizomes (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) have the potentials as antioxidant sources because they contain bioactive secondary metabolites such as phenolics. Differences in environmental abiotic factors, such as water and temperature, cause stress on plants and will create variations in the secondary metabolites’ accumulations. This research aims to evaluate the phenolic levels productivity and antioxidant activity and to obtain information about the stability of temulawak rhizome genotypes on phenolic content and antioxidant activity on planting in three locations (Bogor, Cianjur, Sukabumi). The research stages included the phenolic content and antioxidant activity (DPPH method) test, as well as the adaptability of the temulawak genotype in multilocation planting using the AMMI method. The highest phenolic content productivity was obtained from Sukabumi (7.8744 mg GAE/g), and G5 (7.5394 mg GAE/g), while the highest antioxidant activity was obtained from Cianjur (20.1519 μmol TE/g), and G6 (21.1797 μmol TE/g). Location diversity has a significant effect on phenolic levels, and there is no interaction of genotype and environment on both parameters. The stable genotypes at all three locations were G2 for phenolic content, G3 and G4 for antioxidant activity, G1 and G6 for both parameters, while G4 was potentially stable only in Bogor for phenolic content.
Keyword: antioxidant, Curcuma xanthorrhiza, genotype, phenolics, stability

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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