Judul: Baggase as cibacron red reactive dye adsorbent.
Abstrak: Cibacron Red is one of reactive dye types which is widely used by textile industry. But, reactive dye waste from textile industrial process causes many environment problems. Lots of waste treatment efforts are conducted; one of which is to make use of agricultural side products that are potential to be utilized as adsorbent. This research utilizes baggase as Cibacron Red reactive dye adsorbent. Baggase was divided in two categories, unmodified adsorbent and concentrated-sulphuric-acid-modified adsorbent. As a comparison, activated carbon that originated from coconut shell, which is commercially-used adsorbent, was used. Adsorption was carried out by varying adsorption times, adsorbent weights, and initial concentrations of Cibacron Red reactive dye; where then the results were applied to textile industrial waste. The optimum adsorption time, adsorbent weight, and initial concentration for unmodified adsorbent were 45 minutes, 1 g, and 150 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the optimum conditions for acid-modified adsorbent were 53.5 minutes, 2.5 g, and 150 ppm. The optimum conditions for activated carbon, as comparison, were 60 minutes, 3 gram, and 150 ppm. In single solution tests of Cibacron Red, adsorption capacity for unmodified adsorbent, acid-modified adsorbent, and activated carbon were 788.7, 5669.6, dan 3827.5 μg/g adsorbent; with adsorption efficiency were 6.2, 94.1, dan 75.6% correspondingly. Application of three types of adsorbent toward textile industrial waste showed adsorption efficiency were 1.3, 97.6, and 51.7% in that order. Isotherm type for all types of adsorbent followed Freundlich isotherm.
Keyword: 

Judul: Potency of Peanut hulls as an Adsorbent Reactive Dyes Cibacron Red.
Abstrak: Industrial waste water is an important problem in the environment impact control. Physical and chemical waste processing are very expensive and produce sludge in the huge amount. The dyes removal also could not be going optimum, the dyes still in high content on the product processing water. Therefore, adsorption method could be an economical and simple alternative to solve caused by pollution. Some agriculture waste biomass can be used as adsorbent, such as peanut hull. In this research, peanut hull as an adsorbent reactive dyes cibacron red was modified using 97% sulfuric acid. Adsorption was carried out with variations of contact time, adsorbent weight, and initial concentration of the dyes. Optimum condition of the unmodified parameter of adsorbent was 45 minutes, 1.0 g, and 100 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, for acid modified adsorbent the treatment were 60 minutes, 1.5 g, and 150 ppm. The results of cibacron red adsorption were compared to commercial activated carbon. The optimum condition for activated carbon was at 60 minutes, 3.0 g, and 150 ppm. Cibacron red adsorption capacity by unmodified adsorbent, acid modified adsorbent, and activated carbon in single solution were 476.34, 8837.00, and 3827.50 μg/g adsorbent, respectively. Removal efficiency in single solution were 4.69, 87.14, and 72.56%. Percent decrease of dyes using three kinds off adsorbent on textile industry waste were 2.03, 97.08, and 51.65%. It shows that acid modified adsorbent is more effective remove dyes. Isotherm type for those kinds of adsorbent followed Freundlich isotherm, with high linearity more than 90%.
Keyword: 

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii