Judul: Effect of Density on Physiological Responses and  Performance of Local Sheep on Long Distance Transport
Abstrak: Pengangkutan domba menjadi faktor yang tidak dapat dihindari dalam rantai pasok dan kepadatan menjadi salah satu penyebab stres selama transportasi. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat kepadatan selama transportasi terhadap respon fisiologis, penyusutan bobot badan, dan durasi rekondisi domba lokal, serta analisis biayanya. Penelitian menggunakan 10 ekor domba lokal betina dewasa. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengangkut domba dengan kepadatan 0,18 m2 ekor-1 dan 0,24 m2 ekor-1 dengan transportasi jarak jauh berdurasi 11 jam 30 menit. Variabel yang diamati meliputi respon fisiologis (suhu rektal, denyut jantung, dan laju respirasi), susut bobot, durasi rekondisi, dan analisis biaya. Data dianalisis menggunakan Uji T berpasangan untuk menilai kondisi domba sebelum dan setelah perlakuan dan Uji T tidak berpasangan untuk membandingkan rataan kedua kepadatan. Domba mengalami stres akibat transportasi ditandai dengan perubahan yang signifikan pada respon fisiologis dan susut bobotnya. Tingkat kepadatan tidak mempengaruhi perubahan suhu rektal, denyut jantung, laju respirasi, susut bobot, dan durasi rekondisi domba lokal. Domba yang diangkut menggunakan tingkat kepadatan 0,18 m2 ekor-1 lebih efisien secara ekonomi karena penggunaan biaya yang lebih rendah., Sheep transportation is an unavoidable factor in the supply chain and density is one of the stressors during transportation. The aim of this study was to analyse the effect of density level during transportation on physiological responses, body weight loss, recovery of local sheep, and cost analys. The study used 10 female and mature local sheep. The study was conducted by transporting sheep with densities of 0,18 m2 head-1 and 0,24 m2 head-1 with long journey transport of 11 hours 30 minutes duration. The observed variables included physiological responses (rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate), weight loss, recovery, and cost analys. The data were analyzed using the paired T test to analyse sheep condition before and after the treatment and 2 sample T test to compare of both densities. Sheep experienced stress due to transportation characterized by significant changes in physiological responses and body weight lost. Density level didn’t affect changes in rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate, weight loss, and recovery duration of local sheep. Sheep that transported by density level 0,18 m2 head-1 economically are more efficient with lower cost.
Keyword: domba lokal, kepadatan, performa, respon fisiologis, transportasi

Judul: Physiological Response and Weight Loss of Local Sheep in Long Distance Transportation with Different Densities
Abstrak: Transportasi menjadi salah satu faktor krusial dalam pengiriman ternak, dimana perbedaan kepadatan kandang pada saat pengangkutan dapat membuat ternak mengalami stres dan menurunkan bobot badannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh perbedaan kepadatan pada moda transportasi terhadap penyusutan bobot badan dan respon fisiologis domba lokal. Materi penelitian berupa 10 ekor domba lokal betina berumur I4 dengan bobot badan berkisar kg. Perlakuan yang digunakan yaitu kepadatan 0,1 m2/ekor dan 0,18 m2/ekor selama transportasi jarak jauh dengan masing-masing 5 ekor domba. Peubah yang diamati ialah penyusutan bobot badan, respon fisiologis sebelum dan sesudah traansportasi hingga rekondisi bobot badan. Data dianalisis dengan uji-T berpasangan dan tidak berpasangan untuk membandingkan penyusutan bobot badan dan respon fisiologis pada kepadatan yang berbeda. Domba yang ditransportasikan dengan kepadatan 0,1 m2/ekor dan 0,18 m2/ekor selama 11–30 jam mengalami penyusutan bobot badan 0,37 dan 0,13. Hasil penelitian berpengaruh nyata terhadap susut bobot badan dan respon fisiologis, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata terhadap waktu rekondisi Transportasi menyebabkan cekaman stres dengan meningkatnya respon fisiologis. Kepadatan yang berbeda tidak mempengaruhi perbedaan susut bobot, lama rekondisi, dan respon fisiologis domba yang ditransportasikan. Kepadatan 0,1 m2 dapat mengurangi biaya produksi per ekor dengan jumlah domba yang dapat diangkut menjadi lebih banyak, sehingga biaya per ekor yang dikeluarkan menjadi lebih rendah., Transportation is one of the crucial factors in livestock delivery, where differences in the density of cages during transport can stress cattle and reduce their weight. This study aims to analyze the effect of density differences in the mode of transportation on body weight loss and the physiological response of local sheep. The research material consisted of 10 female local sheep aged I4 with body weights ranging from 21,19 ± 2,64 kg. The treatments used were densities of 0,1 m2/head and 0,18 m2/head during long-distance transportation with 5 sheep each. The variables observed were body weight loss, physiological responses before and after transportation, and body weight reconditioning. Data were analyzed by paired and unpaired t-tests to compare body weight loss and physiological responses at different densities. The sheep that were transported with a density of 0,1 m2/head and 0,18 m2/head for 11–30 hours experienced a decrease in body weight of 1,40 ± 0,37 and 1,26 ± 0,13. The results of the study had a significant effect on body weight loss and physiological response, but did not significantly differ on reconditioning time. Transportation causes stress by increasing physiological responses. The different densities did not affect differences in weight loss, reconditioning time, or the physiological response of the sheep being transported. A density of 0.1 m2 can reduce production costs per head by allowing more sheep to be transported, resulting in lower costs per head.
Keyword: Local sheep, physiological response, transportation

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
Keyword: