Judul: Eksplorasi dan identifikasi senyawa anti jamur dari beberapa jenis kayu tropis
Abstrak: Widely used wood preservation is made from synthetic chemistry, where the raw material is non-renewable and environmental unfriendly. One solution is to look for alternative preservations using certain extractive substances from a durable tropical wood as a wood preservative. The main objectives of this study were to determine the potential extractive substances in woods of kupa (Syzygium polycephalum (Mig)), pelawan (Tristaniopsis whiteana (Griff)), palepek baringin (Shorea laevis Ridl), and mahalilis (Palaquium sp.), to evaluate the use of extractive substances as anti-fungal wood decay Schizophyllum commune Fries and Pleurotus ostreatus, and to identify the structure of anti-fungal compound. The maceration extraction method used methanol solvent, and multilevel fractionation used n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and butanol solvents. The extracts, subsequently, were carried out fungus S. commune and P. ostreatus the tests, and CCB preservative was used as negative control. The result showed that the highest extractive content was in S. laevis, followed by Palaquium sp., T. whiteana and S. polycephalum. Moreover, the results of column chromatography showed that ethyl acetate fraction of S. polycephalum was obtained 8 (G.1-G.8) compounds, the fraction of chloroform of T. whiteana was obtained 8 (PL.1-PL.8) compounds, the fraction of butanol of S. laevis was obtained 16 (PB.1-PB.16) compounds and the fractions of chloroform of Palaquium sp. was obtained 5 (M.1-M.5). Based on the maceration extract, fractionation and column chromatography, all the wood types were capable of inhibiting the growth of the fungus S. commune and P. ostreatus. Structure identifications with LC-MS, 1H and 13C NMR anti-fungal compound for G.2, Pl.3, PB.1.1, and M.2 were 3-O-glucosyl-3’,4’,5-trihydroxyflavonol, Heptanoic acid, 2,3-dihydroxyoctadecanoic acid and 2,3-dihydroxypropylpentadecanoate, respectively .
Keyword: 

Judul: Pengujian Ketahanan Alami Kayu Sengon terhadap Jamur Pelapuk Kayu Schizophyllum commune, Pleurotus djamor dan Pleurotus ostreatus dengan Metode JIS K 1571-2004
Abstrak: Fungi is an organism heterotroft that obtains energy by absorbing food from other organic materials, one of which is wood. Wood destroying fungi lives off wood components, such as cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin which are biochemically overhauled with the help of enzymes. Well know wood in the trade to date approximately 400 types. Around 80–85% of Indonesian woods had low resistance class which it’s very easy attacked by wood decay fungi. For instance Falcatria molucana, Acacia mangium dan Pinus merkusii (Yunasfi 2008). Kinds of it which potentially most decaying off the woods are Schizophyllum commune, Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus djamor. This study aims to determine the potential that three kinds on wood decay fungi and the potential quality of wood to three decay fungi based on JIS K 1571-2004 method. The results showed that all three types of wood rot fungi used in this test has the potential to lower the weight of the wood sample. Fungi are the most potent in lowering weight sengon is S. commune with the percentage reduction in timber weight by 3,7%. P. ostreatus and P. djamor only have the potential to decrease the weight of each of 1,5 and 1,1%. Fungi significantly affect the percentage reduction in timber weight, the percentage weight loss of wood obtained from the results of laboratory tests the durability of wood used as a parameter. From these results it sengon wood into class II (resistant), while according to the Seng (1990) sengon wood balance to class IV–V (not resistance) so it can be said that this research has not succeeded. Discrepancy value of the percentage reduction in weight of wood sample with literature, because they suspected the existence of fungal hyphae into the sample wood so that hamper the final weight after the test sample is fed finished. Based on visual observations indicate multiple replication miselliums of fungi not full to close the wood. Ganerally the sample timber has been attacked fungal discoloration lighter (light brown). Its shows three types of fungi that is used is a white rot fungi
Keyword: 

Judul: Kecepatan Terbang Burung Merpati Balap Lokal (Tipe Tinggian)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di wilayah Jakarta, tepatnya Rawamangun Selatan, Gg. Kana Tanah Merah Lama, Jakarta Timur. Ternak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 46 ekor burung merpati lokal terdiri dari 23 pasang burung merpati jantan dan betina yang berumur 9 bulan samapi 12 bulan. Jarak melepaskan burung merpati pada penelitian ini sekitar 4 km. Waktu terbang diukur dengan cara sewaktu burung merpati dilepas dari tempat diterbangkan, joki yang melepas memberi aba-aba melalui handphone kepada joki yang berada di kandang bahwa burung merpati siap dilepas. Peubah yang diamati adalah karakteristik kualitatif, kecepatan terbang, pola terbang dan ukuran tubuh burung merpati balap tipe tinggian. Data disajikan secara deskriptif tentang karakteristik kualitatif, kecepatan terbang, pola terbang dan ukuran tubuh burung merpati balap tipe tinggian. Rataan, simpangan baku dan koefisien keragamannya dihitung untuk mengetahui keragaman dan keseragaman pada ukuran tubuh burung merpati balap tipe tinggian dengan menggunakan rumus koefisien keragaman (Walpole, 1992). Kecepatan terbang burung merpati balap tipe tinggian dilakukan selama tiga kali giring. Kecepatan antar periode giring diuji dengan uji t dengan menggunakan rumus (Walpole, 1992). Nilai koefisien keragaman (KK) dari yang paling besar sampai paling kecil adalah lebar pangkal ekor (12,37%), panjang bulu ekor (10,27%), panjang punggung (9,43%), lebar bulu ekor (9,27%), bobot badan (8,15%), dalam dada (7,41%), panjang bulu sayap (7,17%), lingkar dada (3,62%) dan lebar dada (3,48%). Berdasarkan urutan tersebut, maka ukuran tubuh yang paling beragam adalah lebar pangkal ekordan yang paling seragam adalah lebar dada. Lebar pangkal ekor dapat dijadikan penentu seleksi burung merpati balap tipe tinggian karena berpengaruh nyata negatif (P<0,05) terhadap kecepatan terbang burung merpati balap tipe tinggian. Kecepatan terbang merpati tidak berbeda nyata antara periode giring satu dengan periode giring yang lain, hal ini menunjukan bahwa setelah burung merpati dilatih maka kemampuan terbangnya cenderung stabil. Hasil analisis korelasi untuk lingkar dada, lebar dada, panjang punggung, panjang bulu sayap dan panjang bulu ekor tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang nyata dengan kecepatan terbang. Bobot badan, dalam dada, lebar bulu ekor dan lebar pangkal ekor menunjukkan hubungan yang nyata dengan kecepatan terbang. Pada pengamatan di lapang diperoleh beberapa pola terbang burung merpati balap tinggian yaitu 1). Pola berputar lalu terbang lurus (burung merpati warna kelabu dan tritis) dengan kecepatan rata-rata masing-masing 18,69 dan 18,65 m/detik, 2). Pola langsung terbang lurus (burung merpati warna megan, hitam, gambir dan megan 2). Dengan kecepatan rata-rata masing-masing 23,62; 25,39; 28,88 dan 29,18 m/detik, 3). Terbang lalu ditengah perjalanan dahulu setelah itu terbang lurus (burung merpati warna blorok, tritis megan, blantong dan kelabu selap) dengan kecepatan rata-rata masing-masing 20,18; 20,21; 21,94 dan 21,94 m/detik. Burung merpati balap tinggian yang memiliki kecepatan terbang tertinggi (29,18 m/detik) mempunyai pola terbang langsung terbang lurus, bobot badan (330 g), lingkar dada (22 cm), dalam dada (5,4 cm), lebar dada (8 cm), panjang punggung (12 cm), panjang bulu sayap (18 cm), lebar bulu ekor (4,4 cm), lebar pangkal ekor (3,5 cm) dan panjang bulu ekor (11 cm).
Keyword: high racing pigeon, flight pattern, flight speed, quantitative characterstics