Judul: Identifikasi Molekuler Bakteri Pengurai Kitin Serangga dan Karakterisasi Enzim Kitinasenya
Abstrak: Rhizobacteria have beneficial effects for plant growth as phytostymulator, biofertilizer, and biocontrol agent. Our previous study showed that rhizobacteria of I.5, I.21, and II.14 isolates produced chitinases. The enzymes could degrade chitin of leaf miner (Aphis gossypi) and white fly (Bemisia tabaci). This research was conducted to identify the bacteria based on 16S r-RNA gene sequences and to characterize protein of chitinase from selected rhizobacteria. PCR amplification of 16S rRNA gene yielded DNA fragments of 1300 bp for each isolate. Based on sequences of the 16S rRNA gene, I.5 isolate was similar to Bacillus sp. with similarity percentage of 88% and I.21 and II.14 isolates were similar to B. cereus with similarity percentage of 93% and 91% respectively. Zymogram analyses showed that molecular weight of chitinase from I.21 isolate was 145 kDA and 168 kDa. However, no protein bands were showed in zymogram analyses of I.5 and II.14 isolates. Three chitinolytic bacteria have an opportunity to be used as natural biocontrols and bioinsecticides.
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Judul: Karakteristik enzim kitinase termostabil dari bakteri termofilik Bacillus sp. 13.26.
Abstrak: Enzim kitinase adalah kelompok enzim hidrolase yang mengkatalisis pemotongan ikatan B-1,4 pada polimer kitin. Enzim kitinase dimanfaatkan diberbagai bidang seperti pertanian, medis, pangan dan lingkungan serta untuk keperluan riset ilmu dasar. Enzim termostabil digunakan secara ekstensif oleh kalangan industri. Peluang menemukan mikroorganisme penghasil enzim kitinase untuk keperluan di atas sangat besar, karena Indonesia memiliki keragaman hayati sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik biokimia enzim kitinase termostabil dari bakteri termofilik Bacillus sp. 13.26 asal Tompaso, Menado, Sulawesi Utara. Isolat ditumbuhkan pada suhu 55°C di dalam medium Termus cair [0.7% (NH4)2SO4. 0.1% K₂HPO4, 0.1% NaCl, 0.01% MgSO4.7H2O, 0.05% ekstrak khamir, 0.1% bacto tripton, 0.5% koloidal kitin) pada waterbath shaker. Pada akhir fermentasi, biomassa dipisahkan dengan cara sentrifugasi (8000 g, 15 menit, 4°C). Supernatan ditampung kemudian ditambah amonium sulfat pada tingkat kejenuhan 80%. Protein dikumpulkan dengan cara sentrifugasi (9000 g, 20 menit, 4°C) dan didialisis untuk mendapatkan enzim kasar. Enzim kitinase termostabil diperoleh dengan cara memanaskan enzim kasar pada 60°C selama 3 jam. Enzim termostabil dimurnikan lebih lanjut dengan teknik khromatografi penukar ion pada DEAE Sepharose CL-6B yang dielusi secara gradien linear dengan NaCl 0-1 M di dalam bufer Tris-Cl 20 mM pH 7. Aktifitas enzim diuji dengan menentukan jumlah gula pereduksi (N-asetil glukosamin) dengan teknik spektrofotometri pada panjang gelombang 420 nm. Satu unit didefinisikan sebagai jumlah N-asetil glukosamin (umol) yang terbentuk per menit pada kondisi yang disebutkan. Hasil pemurnian dimonitor dengan SDS-PAGE (Sosium Dodecyl Sulfate-Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis). Teknik zimogram diterapkan untuk menduga berat molekul enzim serta mengevaluasi termostababilitas enzim.
Keyword: Characteristic, Chitinase, Termophilic bacteria, Bacillus sp

Judul: Truncated Stop Loss as a Optimal Solution of Reinsurance Agreement in One-Period Model
Abstrak: Reinsurance is one of risk management efforts of an insurance company, which is called the cedent. Similar with insurance, reinsurance constitutes the cedent to pay the premium. We consider one-period reinsurance model and derive a rule which minimizes the ruin probability of the cedent for a fixed reinsurance premium. Therefore, it is needed to construct an optimal reinsurance agreement for the cedent. The premium is calculated according to four different principles, i.e. economic, generalized zero-utility, Esscher, and mean-variance principles. Stop loss is a reinsurance contract which protect the insurance company for losses that exceed a certain amount. The result of this research shows that a truncated stop loss is an optimal agreement in the class of all reinsurance contracts with various premiums calculated using above mentioned principles.
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