Judul: The Influence of Macroeconomic Factors  on Food Security in ASEAN-6 Countries Period 2013-2022
Abstrak: Dalam Ilmu ekonomi, sumber daya terbatas digunakan untuk memenuhi keinginan manusia yang tidak terbatas. Ketahanan pangan dibentuk dari empat aspek yaitu keterjangkauan, ketersediaan, kualitas dan keamanan, serta adaptasi dan keberlanjutan. Salah satu faktor yang mempengaruhi ketahanan pangan adalah kondisi makroekonomi suatu negara. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perkembangan kondisi ketahanan pangan dan makroekonomi, serta pengaruh indikator makroekonomi terhadap tingkat ketahanan pangan negara ASEAN-6 (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapura, Thailand, Viet Nam, Filipina). Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan regresi data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kondisi makroekonomi negara ASEAN-6 berfluktuasi dan ketahanan pangan yang cenderung menguat. Kondisi ketahanan pangan antara periode 2013 dan 2022 pada negara ASEAN-6 dipengaruhi secara signifikan oleh empat variabel bebas yaitu PDB per kapita berdasarkan paritas daya beli, Tingkat Pengangguran, FDI, dan Pertumbuhan populasi., In economics, limited resources are used to fulfill unlimited human desires. Food security is formed from four aspects, namely affordability, availability, quality and safety, as well as adaptation and sustainability. One of the factors that influences food security is the macroeconomic conditions of a country. This research aims to analyze the development of food security and macroeconomic conditions, as well as the influence of macroeconomic indicators on the level of food security in ASEAN-6 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, Thailand, Viet Nam, Philippines). The method used is descriptive analysis and panel data regression. The research results show that the macroeconomic conditions of ASEAN-6 countries are fluctuating and food security tends to strengthen. The condition of food security between periode 2013 and 2022 in ASEAN-6 countries is significantly influenced by four independent variables, namely GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity, unemployment rate, FDI, and population growth.
Keyword: ASEAN-6, Ketahanan Pangan, Makroekonomi, Regresi Panel

Judul: Mapping and Spatial Analysis of the Determinants of Food Security in Indonesia 2023
Abstrak: Sepanjang dibentuknya indeks ketahanan pangan (IKP) dari 2018, tercatat terjadi fluktuasi. Skor ketahanan pangan paling baik dicapai pada 2023. Secara umum, Indonesia bagian timur cenderung memiliki ketahanan pangan yang rendah, mengindikasikan variasi antara satu dengan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi ketahanan pangan Indonesia dan determinan yang memengaruhinya. Data yang digunakan meliputi pertumbuhan penduduk, produksi beras, harga beras, pengeluaran konsumsi beras, serta kecukupan konsumsi gizi dari 34 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2023. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis statistik deskriptif dan regresi dengan pendekatan Spatial Autoregressive Combined (SAC). Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan bahwa terdapat variasi ketahanan pangan berdasarkan aspek utama dan turunannya. Kemudian, analisis regresi spasial memberikan hasil bahwa limpahan spasial signifikan, menunjukkan keterkaitan antarwilayah dalam ketahanan pangan. Produksi beras dan kecukupan konsumsi gizi berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan ketahanan pangan, sedangkan pertumbuhan penduduk berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan ketahanan pangan., Throughout the establishment of the food security index (IKP) from 2018, there have been fluctuations. The best food security score was achieved in 2023. In general, the eastern part of Indonesia tends to have low food security, which shows the fluctuations from one region to another. This study aims to analyze the state of food security in Indonesia and the determinants that affect it. The data used include population growth, rice production, rice price, rice consumption expenditure, and food consumption from 34 provinces in Indonesia in 2023. The methods used include descriptive statistical analysis and Spatial Autoregressive Combined (SAC) regression. The mapping results show that there are variations in food security based on the main aspects and their derivatives. Then, the spatial regression analysis shows that spatial spillovers are significant, indicating inter-regional linkages in food security. Rice production and food consumption have a significant effect on improving food security, while population growth has a significant effect on reducing food security.
Keyword: Beras, ketahanan pangan, Food security, rice, spatial, efek langsung, efek tidak langsung, spasial, direct effects, indirect effects

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology