Judul: Product development of coconut palm sugar enriched with CPO and RPO as alternative food to overcome vitamin a deficiency
Abstrak: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is still prevalent in Indonesia which can not be solved after even prevention efforts. VAD is an important cause of blindness and premature death and is widely prevalent amongst women and children. Vitamin A deficiency also plays an important role on reducing immune function and will impact on increasing morbidity and mortality. Red palm oil (RPO) and crude palm oil (CPO) is the richest naturally occurring source of β-carotene, a carotenoids that the human body can convert into usable vitamin A (retinol). Addition of red palm oil on palm sugar is one of the alternatives food-based VAD prevention efforts. The aim of this research were: 1) to determine the amount of the addition of RPO or CPO which produces carotene rich coconut palm sugar and acceptable sensory, 2) to analyze carotene retention over the processing and storage of coconut palm sugar, 3) to evaluate the effect of feeding red palm oil enriched palm sugar on vitamin A status and level of immunoglobulin G (IgG) of vitamin A depletion rats. Two types of provitamin A enriched coconut palm sugar were made by adding RPO or CPO each of 30 ml, 60 ml, 90 ml/ 10 L of toddy and packaged by two technique of packaging, i.e.: single packaging ( polypropylene/PP plastics) and double packaging (polypropylene plastics + brown paper). Addition of 30 ml/10 L of toddy was the best result based on sensory aspects and had the highest acceptance in taste, texture and overall acceptability which is similar with the control sugar and used in the next step of this research. The total carotene content and carotene retention increased with the increasing addition of red palm oil, but in the other hand the texture were softened. The total carotene content and carotene retention of CPO and RPO enriched coconut palm sugar were 1337 μg/100 g and 25.30 percent and 3946 μg/100 g and 63.38 percent, respectively. After stored for 2 months, the level of total carotenoids of red palm oil enriched coconut palm sugar decreased between 4.89 to 49.79 percent with carotene content between 703 μg/100 g up to 13383 μg/100 g. The decreased level of total carotene in one-month and two-month storage of palm sugars enriched with RPO was higher (17.48 and 24.47 percent) compared to CPO enriched coconut palm sugar (7.47 and 12.95 percent) (p<0.05). The use of double packaging (polypropylene plastic + brown paper) is able to inhibit the decrease in total carotenoid up to 4 to 6.67 percent, better than the single packaging. The longer the storage, moisture content of product increased. However, after stored up to 2 months, the water content in all treatments was in range of SNI-01-3743-1995 standard (< 10 percent) which is between 8.55 up to 9.94 percent. Study to evaluate the effect of feeding coconut palm sugar enriched with RPO or CPO on improving status of vitamin A and immune was done by using thirty six-weeks old-male Sprague Dawley rats. After 2 weeks of adaptation period, rats were given vitamin A deficient diet for 10 weeks as depletion period, vii
Keyword: CPO, coconut palm sugar, immune status, RPO, VAD

Judul: Pemanfaatan Minyak Sawit Kasar Degumming sebagai Sumber β-Karoten dalam Pembuatan Keripik Sanjai Balado
Abstrak: Vitamin A deficiency is an essential of social healthy problem in more than 70 countries include Indonesia. National survey of vitamin A deficiency in 1992 showed that prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) decreased from 1.3% to 0.3% and VAD subclinical degree (retinol serum concentration < 20μg/dl blood) to children is about 50%. However, national small scale survey in 1999 indicated that there is increasing because economic crisis and poverty. So, it needs VAD prevention and tackling. One of the ways to solve VAD problem is vitamin A supply enough by increasing the natural source of vitamin A, for example vegetables, fruits (which has orange skin) and palm oil. Palm oil contains high β-carotene about 15 times of carrot and 44 times of vegetables. Therefore, using crude palm oil degumming (CPOD) is as source of β-carotene to enrich vitamin A in food product like Keripik Sanjai Balado. Keripik Sanjai Balado (KSB) is made from cassava that is one of traditional food in Padang, West Sumatra. KSB is favorite snack and also cheap. So, KSB can be used as nutrition carrier, especially β-carotene because it is one of the soluble pigment groups in fat and has orange color. Palm oil which is used in frying KSB is the oil after degumming because it still has high β-carotene. β-Carotene which is containing in KSB is tested by in vivo analysis using rat. Research is done by two steps. The first step is getting information to know KSB production process, degumming process, chemical analysis, organoleptic of hedonic quality. The most favorite of it will be stored in transparent plastic bag about 0, 2 and 4 weeks to know microbiology quality. The second step is to learn biologic availability of β-carotene in KSB by in-vivo. There are two treatments in this research. The first treatment is kind of oil (bulk and CPOD) and number of oil using (without and once). The second treatment is using CPOD repeatedly (1, 2, and 3 times) and time duration of storage. This study design with Completely Randomized Design. Result showed that β-Carotene content in CPOD is about 420.49 ppm, and can not be detected in bulk. KSB hedonic quality showed that KSB production by using bulk was significant (α<0,05). Kind of oil was significant to taste of KSB (α<0,05). Moreover, kind of the oil in KSB production was significant (α<0,05) to color, crispy, and after taste. Time duration of storage was significant (α<0,05) to microbiologic quality in KSB. Analysis result of HPLC showed that vitamin A accumulation factor about 1/39.6 and 1/26.76 in KSB. So, it shown that β- carotene in KSB can be digested and absorbed by our body well. And based on extrapolation result of in vivo test using rat showed that to complete vitamin A for man 10–64+ years old and women 10–19 years old is about 600 RE/day. So, number of KSB that must be consumed is about 280.55 g/day.
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Judul: Persamaan Gelombang Permukaan Dalam Sistem Hamiltonian
Abstrak: Fluida adalah suatu zat yang bentuknya dapat berubah secara kontinu akibat gaya geser. Dua bentuk fluida yang dikenal adalah fluida yang berbentuk cairan dan gas. Dalam tulisan ini akan dibahas fluida yang berbentuk cairan. Persamaan yang memodelkan fenomena gelombang fluida di antaranya adalah sistem Hamiltonian. Persamaan ini berasumsi babwa fluida dalam keadaan ideal di mana fluida tak mampu mampat (inkompresibel), fluida tak rotasional (irrotasional).
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