Judul: Model interval type-2 Fuzzy set untuk scoring pembiayaan syariah: analisis dan desain
Abstrak: Credit scoring system is a classic problem containing uncertainty in measuring default status. Current existing studies tend to assume credit scoring as credit feasibility analysis. Based on Sharia rules, credit scoring system (in Syariah called as financing) should be able to accommodate all processes on financing contract, mainly in scoring performance fulfillment. As a different to the conventional banks, in practice Islamic banks must comply with the Sharia rules. According to the principle in ushul fiqh, the basic law of muamalah is allowed as long as no argument against it. Therefore, in the implementation of financing scoring system, Islamic Bank is enforced to adopt the model that used by conventional banks that have been modified according to Sharia rules based on relevant verses and hadiths. This study has two main objectives: (1) to build the business processes models of Sharia financing scoring in scoring process of default status and fines calculation, and (2) to develop a mechanism and algorithm for scoring of default status and fines calculation on Sharia financing scoring by using Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Sets models. Currently, there are no crisp rules in Sharia financing scoring model which lead to subjective judgments. In the subjective judgements, words could mean different things to different people. Thus this study deployed the Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Set model to support the subjective judgments in maintaining Sharia rules. In this study, the business processes were modeled in BPMN version 2.0. Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Set model was used for scoring default status computation. This study used sum of delay time and installment value as variables for that scoring. Those variables were mapped in linguistic value. This study built the membership function for each variable by aggregating expert’s judgments in overlapping interval value. Then this membership function was used to activate a subset of rules by computing the firing interval. After that the type of firing interval results was reduced by using Karnik and Mendel algorithm. Then the defuzzification procedure was done to obtain the score in interval of [0,100]. In obtaining the risk value, this study used the first period of late as a weight to the scoring result. Finally, this risk value was used for real lost computation which is fair and compliance to Sharia rules for computing the fines value. In this study, the real lost value was obtained by computing based on the risk value, the value of bad debt expense, and the weighted average of each customer’s installment. Beside that this research proposed fairnesss computation by comparing the fines value to the installment value. In the conventional method, the fairness value will be in the interval [- ∞, 0, 1], while in the Islamic method the fairnesss value should be in the interval of [0, 1]. Based on the evaluation results, the proposed method produced the fairness values in the interval of [0, 1]. The results showed that the proposed method was fair and compliance to Sharia rules.
Keyword: BPMN, default status, fines calculation, interval type-2 fuzzy sets, Islamic Bank, Sharia financing scoring

Judul: Analysis of Risk Performance, Profitability and Level of Financing Efficiency of Sharia Commercial Banks and Sharia Business Units
Abstrak: Sistem keuangan Islam yang biasa disebut dengan sistem syariah memiliki kekhususan dibandingkan dengan sistem keuangan pada umumnya. Sistem syariah melarang pengenaan bunga atas dana pinjaman sehingga pembiayaan yang sesuai pada dasarnya adalah bagi hasil (PLS). Melihat satu perbedaan pada penerapan sistem perbankan berbasis bunga, maka bank syariah diharapkan mampu bersaing (competitiveness) dan mampu beroperasi secara efisien. Efisien perbankan pada pembiayaan syariah diharapkan dapat meningkatkan profitabilitas. Namun dalam praktiknya, salah satu sistem pembiayaan syariah yaitu mudharabah memiliki tingkat risiko yang tinggi dan tingkat pengembalian yang relatif rendah, sedangkan produk murabahah yang bukan PLS, memiliki tingkat risiko rendah dan tingkat pengembalian yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja risiko, profitabilitas dan tingkat efisiensi pada pembiayaan Bank Umum Syariah (BUS) dan Unit Usaha Syariah (UUS). Data penelitian menggunakan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari informasi laporan keuangan bulanan publikasi statistik perbankan syariah yang diterbitkan periode 2014-2020 oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), dan sumber data lainnya. Metode analisis penelitian menggunakan metode kuantitatif yaitu data time series dengan software analisis data EVIEWS 9 dan STATA 15.1. Secara keseluruhan penelitian ini tidak cukup kuat menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan mudharabah bersifat high risk low return dan pembiayaan murabahah bersifat low risk high return, karena pembiayaan mudharabah tidak terbukti bersifat high risk low return atas risiko dan return yang justru menghasilkan expected return yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan expected return pembiayaan murabahah. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pembiayaan mudharabah bersifat high risk high return dan pembiayaan murabahah bersifat low risk low return. Perbandingan risiko antara pembiayaan mudharabah dan murabahah diketahui bahwa risiko yang paling besar terdapat pada pembiayaan mudharabah. Pada pembiayaan murabahah menunjukkan hasil yang lebih rendah dan lebih stabil dari sisi risiko dan imbal hasil. Hasil perhitungan RAROC menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pendapatan yang diperoleh oleh BUS dan UUS dari aktivitas pembiayaannya yang telah disesuaikan dengan risiko yang paling buruk terjadi pada tahun 2020 sebesar Rp. -3.040.449.000. Namun pada tingkat efisiensi, nilai efisiensi tertinggi terjadi pada tahun 2020 sebesar 0,9130 atau 91,30% yang memiliki nilai hampir mendekati angka 100%. Terjadinya ketidakselarasan hasil dari kedua model kinerja BUS dan UUS dimungkinkan karena pada kedua model memiliki pandangan yang berbeda., The Islamic financial system, which is commonly referred to as the sharia system, is specific compared to the financial system in general. The sharia system prohibits the imposition of interest on loan funds so that appropriate financing is profit sharing (PLS). Seeing one difference in the application of the interest-based banking system, Islamic banks are expected to be able to compete (competitiveness) and be able to operate efficiently. Efficient banking in Islamic financing is expected to increase profitability. However, in practice, one of the sharia financing systems, namely mudharabah, has a high level of risk and a relatively low rate of return, while Murabaha products which are not PLS, have a low level of risk and a relatively high rate of return. This study aims to analyze the performance of profitability and the level of efficiency on financing for Sharia Commercial Banks (BUS) and Sharia Business Units (UUS). The research data uses secondary data obtained from monthly financial report information published in Islamic banking
Keyword: Profitability, Efficiency, Mudharabah Financing, Murabahah Financing

Judul: Trichomonas Gallinae Penyebab Trichomonosis Pada Unggas
Abstrak: Trichomonas gallinae adalah protozoa yang bergerak aktof dengan keempat flagella yang mempunyai layar dan pada salah satu sisinya terdapat membran seperti sirip ikan yang berombak. Spesies dari genus Trichomonas ini mempunyai arti penting pada unggas, karena dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada alat pencernaan bagian atas.
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