Judul: Identification of Subterranean Termites and Their Attack Characteristics on Settlements in DKI Jakarta Province
Abstrak: Serangan rayap pada bangunan semakin meningkat seiring dengan perkembangan pembangunan di Provinsi DKI Jakarta yang banyak mengubah kondisi lingkungan alaminya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi spesies rayap tanah yang menyerang bangunan gedung permukiman serta menganalisis karakteristik serangan rayap di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan pada 57 lokasi permukiman di Provinsi DKI Jakarta. Penentuan lokasi penelitian berdasarkan hasil survei kerusakan bangunan akibat serangan rayap dan kegiatan pemantauan aplikasi pengumpanan oleh PT Larusa Adi Sumindo selama empat bulan (September 2021-Desember 2021). Hasil identifikasi morfometri rayap ditemukan sekurang-kurangnya empat spesies rayap tanah yang menyerang bangunan yaitu Coptotermes curvignathus, Coptotermes gestroi, Macrotermes gilvus, dan Microtermes insperatus. Rayap C. gestroi merupakan spesies yang paling banyak ditemukan, yaitu di 39 lokasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerusakan komponen bangunan akibat serangan rayap dengan persentase tertinggi yaitu kusen jendela dan pintu (49,1%) dan terendah yaitu pondasi (3,5%)
Keyword: DKI Jakarta, building damage, morphometry, settlement, subterranean termites

Judul: Species diversity of subterranean termites in west jakarta and east jakarta
Abstrak: Provinsi DKI Jakarta dan sekitarnya merupakan wilayah dengan pertumbuhan infrastruktur, termasuk bangunan gedung yang paling tinggi di Indonesia. Sejalan dengan itu frekuensi serangan rayap pada bangunan gedung di wilayah tersebut juga sangat tinggi. Namun demikian potensi bahaya serangan rayap pada bangunan gedung di wilayah tersebut belum pernah dikaji secara ilmiah, termasuk keragaman spesies rayapnya. Suatu penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui keragaman spesies rayap tanah dan karakteristik tanah sebagai habitat rayap di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur. Pengumpulan spesimen rayap di masing-masing kota dilakukan di tiga kecamatan contoh dan enam kelurahan contoh yang dipilih secara acak. Di setiap kelurahan contoh, lima kayu umpan yang terbuat dari kayu pinus (Pinus merkusii) berukuran 2 x 2 x 40 cm berkadar air ± 18% dibenamkan secara vertikal ke dalam tanah. Spesimen rayap tanah yang menyerang kayu umpan diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan kunci pengenalan spesies rayap dari Ahmad (1958). Dari masing-masing kelurahan contoh juga diambil contoh tanahnya untuk dianalisis tekstur, kadar air, pH, dan kandungan Corganiknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur sekurang-kurangnya terdapat empat spesies rayap tanah yaitu Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera : Termitidae), Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera : Rhinotermitidae), Microtermes inspiratus Kemner ( Isoptera : Termitidae), dan Capritermes mohri Kemner (Isoptera : Termitidae). M. Inspiratus merupakan spesies yang paling tinggi frekuensi keberadaannya yaitu di enam kelurahan contoh, disusul oleh M. gilvus yang ditemukan di empat kelurahan contoh, serta C. curvignathus dan C. mohri yang masing-masing ditemukan di satu kelurahan contoh. Keberadaan rayap tanah C. curvignathus di Jakarta Timur (khususnya di Kelurahan Cililitan) patut mendapat perhatian mengingat spesies rayap tersebut merupakan spesies terpenting sebagai perusak kayu dan bangunan di Indonesia. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik tanah di Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur memang sesuai sebagai habitat rayap tanah., DKI Jakarta and its surrounding areas is a region with a fastest growing infrastructure development, including in building construction. In addition the frequency of termite attack on buildings in the region are also very high. However, the termite hazard risk in the region have not been studied scientifically, including its termite species diversity. A study was conducted to determine the diversity of subterranean termites species in West Jakarta and East Jakarta as well as the soil characteristics. In each city, termite specimens was collected in three districts and six sub districts (villages) randomly. In each village, five baits made of pine wood (2 x 2 x 40 cm, MC ± 18%) were buried verticaly. Specimens of the subterranean termites which attack bait wood were collected, and then identified according to Ahmad (1958). Soil sample was also taken from each village for texture, moisture content, pH, and C-organic content analysis. The results showed that in West Jakarta and East Jakarta there were at least four subterranean termites species i.e. Macrotermes gilvus Hagen (Isoptera: Termitidae), Coptotermes curvignathus Holmgren (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae), Microtermes inspiratus Kemner (Isoptera: Termitidae), and Capritermes mohri Kemner (Isoptera: Termitidae). Termite species which has highest frequency of distribution was M. inspiratus, followed by M. gilvus, C. curvignathus and C. mohri respectively. It was also revealed that in Cililitan Village there was a subterranean termite C.
Keyword: DKI Jakarta, karakteristik tanah, serangan rayap, spesies rayap

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell