Judul: Analysis of Beef Cattle Farm Business Based on Qualitative Factors Using Fishbone Diagram
Abstrak: Sapi potong merupakan nilai salah satu penghasil daging yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan gizi. Konsumsi daging sapi di Indonesia selalu meningkat setiap tahunnya, seiring dengan peningkatan jumlah penduduk, peningkatan pendapatan dan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor kualitatif usaha pemeliharaan sapi potong dengan menggunakan diagram tulang ikan. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan wawancara dengan pemilik perusahaan, kemudian hasil wawancara tersebut dianalisis menggunakan diagram tulang ikan. Permasalahan yang dialami PT X dalam memperbaiki produktivas sapi pedaging yang rendah disebabkan oleh postur tubuh sapi kurus dan sapi yang mudah terserang penyakit (PMK, tanduk luka, scabies, pincang). Faktor yang paling memengaruhi produktivitas sapi pedaging pada usaha pemeliharaan sapi di PT X ini adalah faktor manusia., Beef cattle are one of the meat producers that have high economic and nutritional value. Consumption of beef in Indonesia continues to increase every year, along with an increase in population, increased income and welfare of the people. This study aims to analyze the qualitative factors of beef cattle rearing business using a fishbone diagram. Data collection was carried out by conducting interviews with company owners, then the results of these interviews will be analyzed using a fishbone diagram. The problems experienced by PT X in improving the low productivity of beef cattle are caused by lean body postures and cattle that are prone to disease (FMD, wound horns, scabies, lameness). The factors that most influence the productivity of beef cattle in the cattle rearing business at PT X is the human factor.
Keyword: diagram tulang ikan, ekonomi, sapi pedaging

Judul: Faktor – Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Usaha Ternak Sapi Potong di Desa Mangkai Lama Kecamatan Lima Puluh Kabupaten Batubara Provinsi Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Farming system is a process of combining the factor of production such as land, livestock, labour, and capital to produce farm products. The success of beef cattle business depends on three elements; seed, feed, and management. Management includes the management of mating, feeding, housing, and cattle health. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that affect the beef cattle business in the village of Mangkai Lama, Lima Puluh Sub District, Batubara District using multiple linear regression analysis. Income servers as the dependent variable. Other side the independent variable is internal factors of farmer such as the number of livestock, education, age of farmer, farming experience, and number of family dependent. The factors that affect the beef cattle business in the village of Mangkai Lama, Lima Puluh Sub-District, Batubara District is the number of beef cattle and education level. Age of farmer, farming experience, and number of family dependent other side have no effect in the beef cattle business in the village of Mangkai Lama, Lima Puluh Sub District, Batubara District.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4