Judul: The Impact of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) on Unemployment in Indonesia
Abstrak: Perkembangan Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) yang pesat diharapkan dapat secara efektif mengatasi berbagai isu ekonomi termasuk pengangguran di negara-negara berkembang. Pengangguran dapat membuka lapangan kerja baru dan meningkatkan kesempatan kerja bagi masyarakat. Namun, data pengangguran di Indonesia menunjukkan fluktuasi atau tidak membentuk pola tertentu pada 2010-2021. Selain itu, para peneliti memiliki pandangan yang berbeda mengenai pengaruh perkembangan TIK terhadap pengangguran baik secara total maupun menurut kelompok umur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perkembangan TIK di Indonesia dan mengetahui pengaruh perkembangan TIK terhadap pengangguran di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode panel dinamis dan menggunakan data 33 provinsi di Indonesia pada tahun 2010 sampai 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga model, yaitu model pengangguran total, model pengangguran usia muda, dan model pengangguran usia dewasa. Hasil estimasi model menunjukkan bahwa pengguna telepon seluler berpengaruh signifikan dan negatif hanya pada model pengangguran total sedangkan pengguna internet tidak berpengaruh signifikan pada ketiga model. Oleh karena itu, pemerintah harus fokus pada peningkatan jangkauan jaringan telepon seluler dan melakukan investasi pada infrastruktur penunjang lain di Indonesia., The rapid development of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is expected to effectively address various economic issues including unemployment in developing countries. Unemployment can open new jobs and increase employment opportunities for many people. However, unemployment data in Indonesia shows fluctuations trends in 2010-2021. The unemployment rate has been increasing and decreasing over time, without forming a clear pattern. In addition, researchers have different views on the effect of ICT development on unemployment both in total and by age group. This study aims to describe the development of ICT in Indonesia and determine the effect of ICT development on unemployment in Indonesia. This research uses the dynamic panel method and uses data from 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2021. This study uses three models, namely the total unemployment model, the youth unemployment model, and the adult unemployment model. The model estimation results show that mobile phone users have a significant and negative effect only on the total unemployment model while internet users have no significant effect on all three models. Therefore, the government should focus on increasing the coverage of mobile phone networks and invest to other supporting infrastructure in Indonesia.
Keyword: adult unemployment, dynamic panel, ICT, unemployment, youth unemployment

Judul: Analysis of the Influence of Information and Communication Technology Development Index on Economic Growth and Provincial Unemployment in Indonesia
Abstrak: Perkembangan TIK dapat menjadi salah satu faktor dalam mendukung pertumbuhan ekonomi dan mengurangi tingkat pengangguran. Perkembangan TIK Indonesia masih menempati urutan ke-6 dari 9 negara ASEAN lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi TIK, serta menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pengangguran di Indonesia dengan metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa Papua adalah provinsi dengan subindeks akses-infrastukrur, subindeks penggunaan, dan subindeks keahlian yang rendah. Sedangkan, DKI Jakarta dan DI Yogyakarta adalah provinsi dengan subindeks akses-infrastruktur, subindeks penggunaan dan subindeks keahlian yang tinggi. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi adalah subindeks akses-infrastruktur, subindeks penggunan, penanaman modal dalam negeri dan penanaman modal asing. Sementara yang berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan tingkat pengangguran adalah subindeks akses-infrastruktur, subindeks keahlian, partisipasi angkatan kerja, dan upah minimum., The development of ICT can be a factor in supporting economic growth and reducing the unemployment rate. Indonesia's ICT development still ranks 6th out of 9 other ASEAN countries. This research aims to determine the condition of ICT, as well as analyze its influence on economic growth and unemployment in Indonesia using panel data regression analysis methods. The results show that Papua is a province with a low infrastructure-access sub-index, usage sub-index and skills sub-index. Meanwhile, DKI Jakarta and DI Yogyakarta are provinces with high infrastructure-access sub-indexes, usage sub-indexes and skills sub-indexes. The results of the regression analysis show that the factors that have a significant effect on increasing economic growth are the infrastructure-access sub-index, usage subindex, domestic investment and foreign investment. Meanwhile, those that have a significant effect on reducing the unemployment rate are the infrastructure-access subindex, skills subindex, labor force participation and minimum wage.
Keyword: pengangguran, pertumbuhan ekonomi, TIK

Judul: Sintesis 3-Benzoil-7-hidroksiflavon dari Resorsinol
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturally-occuring polyphenolic compound with C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavones is a group of flavonoid having a broad bioactivity spectrum. In this experiment, 3-benzoyl-7-hydoxyflavone was successfully synthesized via 2-steps from resorcinol. In the first step, resorcinol was acetylated with AcOH/ZnCl2 producing resacetophenone with 89% yield. Subsequently, benzoylation and rearrangement of resacetophenone using 2 equivalent of benzoyl chloride and 7 equivalent of K2CO3 in acetone produced 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxyflavone with 62% yield. Synthesis of 3-benzoyl-7-hydroxyflavone from resorcinol provided evidence for new reaction mechanism of flavon formation without Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement proposed by several previous researchers. All products in this study has been characterized spectroscopically.
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