Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Series of three experiments were conducted to study the effects of improved uterine and placental environment during pregnancy by injection of the sows with gonadotropin prior to mating on the improvement of pigs’ growth phenotypes and then evaluated whether the improved growth phenotypes could be inherited into their offspring. Therefore, this technology could be used to produce superior pigs as finishers or as parent-stocks either in commercial or local swine breeds. The first experiment was designed to study the growth phenotypes of pigs born to sows injected with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) prior to mating to improve endogenous secretions of pregnant hormones during pregnancy. The experimental sows used were 10 local breed sows with body weight ranges of 30-40 kg. Before mating, estrous cycles of the experimental sows were synchronized by injecting 0.5 mL prostaglandin twice with 14 days interval. The experimental sows were then divided into two groups, each consisted of 5 sows. The first group was injected with PMSG and hCG with dosage of 200/100 IU per sow at the same time with the second prostaglandin injection, while the second group was not injected with PMSG and hCG as a control. After showing estrous behavior, the experimental sows were mixed with selected boars for natural mating. The pregnant sows were maintained until farrowing and weaning. Parameters measured were body weights and body lengths and leg heights of the pigs at birth and weaning. The results showed that improved endogenous secretion of pregnant hormone by injection of the sows with PMSG and hCG prior to mating, improved prenatal growth and development of the fetus with the final results of increased birth weight by 76.92% and total birth weight of live pigs per sow by 2,65 twice as compared to control pigs. Pigs born to sows injected with PMSG and hCG prior to mating had higher survival rate with a dramatically decreased mortality and a higher pre-weaning growth rate that finally increased total weight of weaned pigs per sows dramatically by 1,07 as compared to control. It is concluded that the growth phenotypes of local pigs could be improved by improving the sow’s uterus environment during pregnancy. The second experiment was conducted to produce superior pigs with improved growth phenotypes and survival during postnatal growth by injecting the sows with gonadotropin prior to mating. The experiment consisted of 2 stages. In the first stage, 12 sows were divided into 2 groups i.e., sows injected with NaCl 0.9% as a control (NSO) and sows injected with PG 600 (SO) prior to mating. Parameters measured were growth phenotypes and survival at birth and during pre-weaning period. In the second stage, 24 of weaned pigs (age 8 weeks) from the first stage were selected (6 males and 6 females from NSO group and 6 males and 6 females from SO group) to be used for measurement of growth performance. The experimental pigs were raised and observed until the age of 28 weeks (7 month). The body weights were measured monthly. The results of the experiment showed that improvement of
Keyword: growth phenotypes, superior piglets, PMSG, hCG

Judul: Performance of growing pig born of superovulated gilts with PMSG and hCG prior to mating
Abstrak: This research was conducted to study the effect of superovulation prior to mating on gilts reproduction performance. Sixty gilts were divided into two groups namely 1) gilts without superovulation (control group) and 2) gilts with superovulation (superovulated group). Once the gilts showed a standing heat symptoms, the boar was introduced into the pig pen to mate the gilts. During the study, the pregnant gilts were kept together in postal pens and two weeks before farrowing each pregnant gilt was then placed in 2.5 x 3.5 m2 individual cages equipped with feeding and drinking devices. A Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in the first phase of study, consisting of two treatments with 30 replicates of each. Data were analysed based on the mathematical model procedures, Yij = μ + αi + εij. All data were then analysed using variance. The results showed that the superovulation treatments significantly (P <0.01) shortened gestation period (GP) in superovulated gilts), increased the body dimension (BD), increased the front leg high of birth (FLHB, increased the rear leg high of birth (RLHB), increased pig weight at birth (PWAB), and increased the birth weight per, increased the daily sows feed consumption (DSFC), increased the sows milk production per suckling (SMPPS), increased the daily milk production (DMP), increased the milk production per lactation (MPPL), increased the piglet gain weight (PGW), reduced the mortality, increased the weaning weight per litter (WWPL), and increased litter size at weaning (LSW). But the superovulation treatment was just significantly (P <0.05) improved sow body weight (SBW), increased the litter size born alive (LSBA), increased the the birth weight per litter, increased pig weigth at birth (PWAB), whereas the superovulation did not significantly affect (P>0.05) the litter size dead born (LSDB) and the litter size at birth ( LSAB). It is concluded that the superovulation treatment in the gilts before mating can improve sows reproductive performances through endogenous secretions of hormones of pregnancy, which is followed by the improvement of pigs weigth at birth, litter size at weaning, mortality, consumption of rations, and the sow milk production.
Keyword: 

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf