Judul: Effect of osmotic load on survival, larval development time, and growth potential of freshwater giant prawn post-larvae
Abstrak: The production of freshwater giant praw n through rearing should be increased continuously considering the ever-incre asing market demand. Acceleration in increasing production has been constrained by limitation of seed quality and quantity. The problem has been in effectiveness of salinity management without taking into consideration larval osmotic load in a ha tchery. Hence, the research aimed at understanding osmotic compartment that pot entially plays an important role in survival, larval development, and the potential growth of post-larva of freshwater giant prawns. The basic principal used as determining base was minimizing osmotic load through adaptation and efficiency of energy utilization. The experimental method was causal comparative conditional; while the experimental design used was a complete randomized design with four salinity treatmen ts and three replications. The research consisted of three experiments, covering effects of osmotic load on: (1) larval development, (2) rate of oxygen consumption, and (3) growth potential of freshwater giant prawn post-larvae. Observation was c onducted on those critic al stadium based on preliminary experiment; comprising those of 6 th , 8 th , 11 th and post-larva using the design of complete random type with four tr eatments of salinity and three replications.
Keyword: 

Judul: The addition of calcium to increase the survival and growth of juvenile giant freshwater prawn (Macrobrachium rosenbergii de man) on the medium salinity
Abstrak: Mineral calcium plays a role in the process of osmoregulation and the formation of the exoskeleton of shrimp. This study aimed to determine the optimal calcium levels that can support the survival and growth of prawns and evaluate the role of calcium for the survival and growth of prawns on the medium salinity. The study consisted of two steps, the first to determine the range of calcium concentrations. The next steps evaluated the role of calcium on the frequency of molting, osmotic work rate, oxygen consumption rate, growth rate, survival and feed efficiency. This study used a completly randomized design with four treatments and three replications (A.salinity of 4 ppt + 0 mg/L Ca(OH)2 B. salinity of 4 ppt + 25 mg/L Ca(OH)2, C.salinity of 4 ppt + 50 mg /L Ca(OH)2 and D. salinity of 4 ppt + 75 mg/L Ca(OH)2 ). Results showed that adding calcium to the medium salinity can decrease levels of osmotic work and oxygen consumption and increasing the frequency of molting, growth rate, survival rate and feed efficiency. The addition of calcium to the medium salinity with a concentration of 50 mg/L Ca(OH)2) is the best medium for growth of juvenile giant freshwater prawn.
Keyword: 

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf