Judul: Aspek produksi dan pemeliharaan starter (Lactobacillus plantarum) dengan media susu cair dalam upaya peningkatan mutu dadih
Abstrak: Dadih merupakan bahan pangan tradisional dari Sumatera Barat hasil fementasi alami susu kerbau yang dapat dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan pendapatan dan gizi masyarakat. Proses fermentasi alami ini melibatkan sejumlah mikroorganisme, hasil isolasi menunjukkan adanya beberapa jenis bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif. Kehadiran bakteri Gram negatif yang bersifat patogen dapat menjadi kendala dalam mengembangkan pemasaran produk, akibat aspek keamanan produk yang kurang terjamin. Pengolahan melalui proses fermentasi yang lebih terkendali menggunakan starter bakteri asam laktat tanpa melibatkan bakteri patogen akan meningkatkan kualitas dadih yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aspek produksi dan pemeliharaan kultur bakteri Lactobacillus plantarum asal dadih, sebagai starter pembuatan dadih dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas dadih yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium Bakteriologi Balai Penelitian Veteriner (BALITVET), laboratorium Pasca Panen Balai Penelitian Ternak (BALITNAK) Bogor dan Laboratorium Ternak Perah Fakultas Peternakan IPB selama lima bulan dari bulan April sampai bulan Agustus 1999. Hasil penelitian pendahuluan yang bertujuan untuk: (1) melakukan konfirmasi hasil identifikasi dari penelitian terdahulu melalui uji kemampuan fermentasi bakteri terhadap beberapa gula, menunjukkan bahwa salah satu bakteri asam laktat yang berperan dominan selama fermentasi dadih adalah Lactobacillus plantarum; (2) menentukan kurva pertumbuhan L. plantarum hasil isolasi menunjukkan bahwa akhir fase eksponensial (fase logaritmik) adalah 8 jam setelah inkubasi pada suhu 37°C. Penentuan fase ini sangat berguna dalam proses produksi kultur starter. Penelitian utama dilaksanakan dalam dua tahap, yaitu (1) tahap pertama bertujuan untuk menentukan media susu yang terbaik untuk pertumbuhan dan pemeliharaan L. plantarum, dengan parameter yang diukur adalah nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik (LPS) dari bakteri pada masing-masing media. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan untuk penentuan media susu terbaik adalah Rancangan Acak Blok dengan satu faktor perlakuan yang rumusnya Y= +Rj+Artej, dengan faktor A media susu (A susu skim bubuk terekonstitusi, A₂ susu skim cair, A3= susu skim+ 5% glukosa dan A4 susu penuh), dengan ulangan (R) sebagai blok; (2) tahap kedua bertujuan untuk mengetahui umur simpan dari kultur starter L. plantarum pada dua kondisi suhu yang berbeda (suhu ruang dan suhu dingin), dengan parameter yang diukur adalah nilai LPS dan nilai pH, total asam tertitrasi dan viskositas produk...
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Judul: Pembuatan Starter Kering Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Karakteristik Dadih Susu Sapi yang Dihasilkan.
Abstrak: Dadih is a traditional food from West Sumatera resulted from natural fermentation of buffalo milk. This natural fermentation process involves a number of microorganisms, including gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. The presence of gram negative bacteria that are pathogenic can become an obstacle to get safe and healthy food product to consume and easy in the marketing of products, due to the security aspect is less reliable. The processing through a more controlled fermentation process using lactic acid bacteria starter without involving the bacterial pathogens are expected to improve the quality of the resulting dadih. The provision of culture with the preservation in the dry form will facilitate the handling of starter cultures, so that the fermentation is more controlled and the product quality is more assured. Besides that, the availability of dry starter cultures will facilitate the distribution and transportation of starter cultures because dry starter cultures can be sent for long distances without losing the activity of Lactic acid bacteria and have a long storage. Raw materials used in the manufacture of dadih in West Sumatera derived from buffalo milk. The availability of buffalo milk is very limited, that, the alternative used is cow modified with skim milk and jelly therefore it is expected produce Dadih which has the characteristic similar with dadih from buffalo’s milk. This study aimed to verify the making of dry starter of lactic acid bacteria (the combination Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei also Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Lactobacillus casei) and its effect towards the characteristic of resulting cow’s milk dadih. Various analytical results indicate that the interaction of combinations of lactic acid bacteria starter and concentration of dried starter powder of lactic acid bacteria significantly affect to the pH value and moisture content of dadih. interaction of a combination of lactic acid bacteria starter and dried starter powder concentration of lactic acid bacteria did not influence significantly to the value of titrable acid total, viscosity, ash content, and the total amount of lactic acid bacteria in dadih. Friedman test results showed that the assessment of panelists for color, aroma, taste, texture, and general acceptance of dadih was not significantly different. Based on weighting method for the determination of the best dadih products, showed that dadih fermented by a combination of starter S. thermophilus: L. casei (1 : 2) as much as three grams of powder has the highest weight value. Thus, the recommendation of the best dadih product is dadih product fermented by a combination of starter S. thermophilus : L. casei (1: 2) as much as three grams of dried starter powder. Microbiological test results showed that the lowest total lactic acid bacteria contained in dadih products, that is 8.4 x 109 CFU/ml. Thus, the dadih is eligible as fermented milk for the minimum amount of total lactic acid bacteria ranged 106-109 CFU/ml (Sari, 2007).
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Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology