Judul: Gambaran respon kebal terhadap newcastle disease (ND) pada ayam pedaging yang di vaksin IBD-Killed setenagh dosis
Abstrak: This research aimed at learning immune response of againts Newcastle Disease (ND) on broiler were given half dose IBD-killed vaccine. Two hundred day-old broiler chicks where randomly divided into four groups of 50 chicks each. Before being divided, 25 chicks was taken their blood to know maternal antibodies titer against ND. On the 4'" day chicken groups P1 and P2 was vaccinated with ND active vaccine and ITA ND+IBD half dose inactive vaccine. The P3 and P4 chicken groups were vaccinated with ND active vaccine and ND inactive vaccine on the same day. The repeated ND active vaccination was given to all group on the 2Sth day. The against IBD challenge test was can-ied out on the 14"' day in the group PI and P3. Sample of blood was taken on the 1411', 21S', 2Sti', and 42"d day. Titer antibodies against ND observation were done with haemaglutination inhibition test against all the sample of senun. Results of the research showed that effect of iinuilosupresion happened to the group that was challenged by the IBD vims in the 1'' and 2"* week post infection. Four weeks after test, titer antibodies of groups that vaccinated ITA ND+IBD half dose inactive vaccine could increase, whereas the group that not vaccinated stayed low. Based on this research, showed that the vaccination of IBD-killed half dose could not protect the chicken towards effect immunosupresion up until two weeks after infection.
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Judul: Gambaran respon kebal terhadap Newcastle Disease pada ayam pedaging yang divaksin IBD-Inaktif dan ditantang dengan virus IBD
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respon kebal terhadap Newcastle Disease pada ayam pedaging (broiler) yang divaksin IBD-inaktif dan ditantang dengan virus IBD. Sebanyak 200 ekor ayam pedaging strain Cobb dibagi menjadi empat kelompok (K1, K2, K3 dan K4). Vaksinasi dilakukan pada hari ke-4, dimana kelompok K1 dan K2 divaksin dengan vaksin ND aktif dan ITA ND+IBD inaktif, sedangkan kelompok K3 dan K4 hanya divaksin dengan vaksin ND aktif dan ND inaktif. Uji tantang dengan virus IBD dilakukan pada hari ke-14, terhadap kelompok K1 dan K3. Pada hari ke-28 dilakukan vaksinasi ulang ND (booster) terhadap semua kelompok. Sampel yang diambil berupa darah untuk pengukuran titer antibodi ND dan dilakukan pada hari ke-4 (antibodi maternal), 14, 21, 28 dan 42. Pengukuran titer antibodi ND dilakukan dengan uji hemaglutinasi inhibisi, dan dianalisa menggunakan uji one-way ANOVA dengan uji lanjut Duncan (α:0,05). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi imunosupresi pada kelompok yang ditantang dengan virus IBD (K1 dan K3). Meskipun demikian, titer antibodi ND yang dihasilkan oleh kelompok yang divaksin IBD-inaktif (K1) mampu memproduksi antibodi pada tingkat protektif dengan nilai ≥ log 23 selama masa pengamatan. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut disimpulkan bahwa vaksinasi IBD inaktif mampu melindungi ayam dari efek imunosupresi akibat infeksi virus IBD.
Keyword: Newcastle Disease, Titer antibodi ND, Virus IBD, Vaksin IBD-Inaktif, Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi (HI)

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology