Judul: Model Simulasi Tanaman Bawang Merah untuk Menduga Umur Panen dan Produktivitas (Studi Lapang : Kabupaten Brebes)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Karangbale, Brebes, Jawa Tengah, yang merupakan salah satu sentra produksi bawang merah. Pada tahun 2019, Kabupaten Brebes menghasilkan total produksi bawang merah sebesar 302.000 ton dengan areal panen seluas 28.710 hektar (BPS 2020). Penelitian ini mengkaji hubungan antara pertumbuhan dan perkembangan bawang merah dan kondisi cuaca untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas dengan menggunakan perlakuan dua jarak tanam (J1 = 14x14 cm dan J2 = 12x12 cm) dan dua ukuran berat umbi bawang merah (UB = 6 gram/butir dan UK = 3 gram/butir). Data perlakuan pada J1UB (14x14 cm, 6 gram) digunakan untuk parameterisasi dan kalibrasi dalam pembuatan model dan perlakuan lainnya digunakan untuk validasi model. Penelitian ini juga memodelkan perlakuan jarak tanam dan berat umbi. Percobaan menunjukan produktivitas tertinggi dihasilkan pada perlakuan J1UB (14x14 cm, 6 gram) sebesar 4,56 ton. Pada semua perlakuan, umur panen dicapai pada 54 hari setelah tanam dengan nilai growing degree day 902 ? hari. Model simulasi secara umum dapat menggambarkan produktivitas dan umur tanaman bawang merah dengan akurasi diatas 90%. Kata Kunci: Bawang Merah, Berat Umbi, Jarak Tanam, Model Simulasi Tanaman, Produktivitas, Umur Panen
Keyword: Crop Simulation Model, Bulb weight, agricultural productivity, Harvest Age, Plant Spacing, Shallot

Judul: Plant Spacing Modelling Analysis Towards Shallot Productivity (Field Study: Brebes Regency)
Abstrak: Kondisi cuaca dan penggunaan sumber daya mempengaruhi produktivitas bawang merah. Analisis ini mengkaji hubungan antara pertumbuhan bawang merah dengan kondisi iklim sekitar untuk mengoptimalkan produktivitas dengan menggunakan perlakuan jarak tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam terhadap produktivitas bawang merah dalam respon kondisi cuaca harian yang dapat dimodelkan menggunakan model simulasi untuk menentukan jarak tanam yang optimal. Penelitian lapang dilakukan di Desa Karangbale, Brebes, Jawa Tengah, yang merupakan salah satu sentra produksi bawang merah. Model simulasi dapat menggambarkan proses pertumbuhan bawang merah dengan uji t berpasangan dengan p value lebih besar dari 0,05 untuk semua variabel pertumbuhan seperti hari panen, produktivitas, dan LAI pada semua perlakuan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan jarak tanam JT3TG (16x16 cm) lebih optimal dibandingkan dengan JT1TG (14x14 cm), JT2TG (18x18 cm), JT1JL (14x16 cm), dan JT2JL (14x18 cm) ditinjau dari produktivitas, efisiensi penerimaan radiasi, dan serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman, Weather conditions and resource use affect shallot productivity. This analysis examines the relation between the growth of shallot plants and the surrounding climatic conditions to optimize productivity using plant spacing treatment. This study aims to determine the effect of spacing on shallot productivity in response to daily weather conditions which can be modelled using a simulation model to determine optimal planting space. Field research was conducted in Karangbale Village, Brebes, Central Java, which is one of the shallot production centres. The simulation model can predict the shallot growth process with paired t-test with p-value greater than 0.05 for all growth variables such as harvest days, productivity, and LAI in all treatments. The results of the analysis showed that JT3TG (16x16 cm) was more optimal spacing rather than JT1TG (14x14 cm), JT2TG (18x18 cm), JT1JL (16x14 cm), and JT2JL (16x18 cm) in terms of productivity, radiation reception efficiency, and the lowest pests and crop diseases infestation.
Keyword: crop model simulation, growth, plant spacing, productivity, radiation use efficiency

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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