Judul: Struktur Dan Anatomi Saluran Pencernaan  Rayap Kasta Prajurit Neotermes Bosei
Abstrak: Termites are social insects, that consist of reproductives (drone and queen) and nonreproductives (soldiers and workers) caste. Reproductives, soldiers, and nymphs obtain their food from the workers through trophallaxis in term of stomodeal and proctodeal food. Those kind of food had been digested by the workers. Hence, one can assume that there are differences on termite alimentary canal for each caste. The aim of this study is to examine the soldier’s alimentary canal of Neotermes bosei. Observations and measurements were carried out for the alimentary canal. Those are histology of the gut, the length, perimeter, and area of each canal region. The total length of the alimentary canal from crop to anus is 13.01±1.19 mm, which is divided into 13, 29, and 58% for foregut, midgut, and hindgut, respectively. Every region of the alimentary canal has different characteristics. Epithelium of the alimentary canal are varies from columnar to transtitional. Ventriculus has regenarative crypts. Oesophagus, crop, proventriculus, and rectum have thick muscular tissue. Proventriculus has thick intima. There is no gastric caeca at the midgut. Area with the largest outer perimeter value is the paunch. There are variations in outer and inner perimeter of the alimentary canal. There are several differences between soldiers and workers alimentary canal, such as muscular tissue thicknest, cells structure and their parameters.
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Judul: Anatomi saluran pencernaan rayap bagian tengah dan belakang pada rayap Macrotermes gilvus
Abstrak: Termites are social insects that live in colonies. Termite colony consists of three castes, soldiers caste, worker, and reproductives. This study used ground termites of worker caste Macrotermes gilvus because there is no data on the digestive tract of this termites yet. The aim of this study was to examine the worker midgut and hindgut of M. gilvus. Observations in the digestive tract of termites using parafin embedding method. This study observed enteric valve in the middle of midgut and hindgut. The enteric valve show four folded into the lumen forming a valve. Midgut of M. gilvus consisted of epithlial cells, muscle cells and lumen in the middle. There is no gastric caecum found in termites.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), gastric caecum, enteric valve, alimentary canal, Ground termites

Judul: Integration of Islamic Stock Markets of OIC Countries Before and During the Russia-Ukraine War Crisis
Abstrak: Pasar saham yang terintegrasi memberikan dampak negatif seperti percepatan co-movement (pergerakan bersama) yang rentan terhadap guncangan ekonomi, maupun krisis pasar global ke pasar domestik. Salah satu krisis yang terjadi pada tahun 2022 adalah perang Rusia-Ukraina yang berdampak pada pasar saham, termasuk pada saham syariah yang dipercaya lebih tahan terhadap guncangan krisis global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perkembangan, integrasi dan respon lima pasar saham syariah negara OKI pada perang Rusia-Ukraina. Metode yang digunakan adalah VAR/VECM pada indeks DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, dan SPBMIU. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pergerakan yang sama pada pasar saham UAE dan Arab Saudi, sedangkan Turki mengalami tren positif selama perang. Pasar saham syariah negara OKI selama periode perang Rusia-Ukraina terkointegrasi, sementara pasar saham Malaysia memengaruhi pasar saham syariah empat negara OKI lainnya. Hasil IRF menunjukkan terdapat efek permanen pada volatilitas pasar saham syariah negara OKI akibat guncangan yang diberikan. Namun, respon volatilitas relatif kecil karena kontribusi guncangan lebih didominasi oleh pasar saham itu sendiri, An integrated stock market has negative impacts, such as accelerating co-movement, which is vulnerable to economic shocks and global market crises on the domestic market. One of the crises in 2022 was the Russia-Ukraine war which impacted the stock market, including Sharia stocks which were believed to be more resistant to the shocks of the global crisis. This study examines the development, integration, and response of OIC countries five Islamic stock markets in the Russia-Ukraine war. The method used is VAR/VECM on the DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, and SPBMIU indices. The results show the same movement in the UAE and Saudi Arabia stock markets, while Turkey experienced a positive trend during the war. The Islamic stock market of the OIC countries during the Russia-Ukraine war was cointegrated. In contrast, the Malaysian stock market influenced the Islamic stock markets of the other four OIC countries. The IRF results show a permanent effect on the volatility of the Islamic stock market in OKI countries due to the shocks given. However, the volatility response is relatively small because the stock market itself dominates the contribution of shocks.
Keyword: co-movement, OIC, Rusia-Ukraine war, sharia stock market integration