Judul: Klasifikasi Fragmen Metagenom Menggunakan Ekstraksi Spaced N mers dan Probabilistic Neural Network sebagai Classifier
Abstrak: Metagenomika merupakan cabang genetika yang secara khusus ditujukan untuk mempelajari materi genetik yang diambil langsung dari sampel lingkungan, diikuti dengan menganalisis informasi genetika tersebut. Proses sekuensing dari sampel lingkungan menghasilkan fragmen-fragmen pendek yang berasal dari beberapa mikroorganisme yang terdapat pada sampel tersebut. Kondisi seperti ini menyebabkan proses perakitan fragmen menjadi tidak akurat, yaitu dengan dimungkinkannya terbentuknya cymeric contigs. Keberadaan cymeric contigs ini dapat diminimalkan dengan melakukan binning. Proses binning dapat dilakukan dengan pengklusteran atau pengklasifikasian. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode probabilistic neural network untuk proses klasifikasi dan spaced n-mers untuk ekstraksi fiturnya karena sudah terbukti akurat dan menghasilkan akurasi yang baik. Data yang dipakai mempunyai panjang fragmen 500 bp, 1000 bp, 5000 bp, dan nilai n-mers yang dipakai adalah 3. Akurasi yang terbaik dihasilkan dengan menggunakan nilai smoothing parameter 11 untuk pengujian organisme dikenal. Selanjutnya pengujian dengan organisme tidak dikenal menghasilkan akurasi sebesar 64.40% untuk panjang fragmen 500 bp, 68.60% untuk panjang fragmen 1000 bp, 69.62% untuk panjang fragmen 5000 bp.
Keyword: binning, classification, metagenome, probabilistic neural network

Judul: Klasifikasi Fragmen Metagenom menggunakan Fitur Spaced N-Mers dan K-Nearest Neighbour
Abstrak: Metagenome is a study of total DNA from some environmental sources that are directly isolated. The study is conducted by reading the entire DNA of a complete ecosystem (not just one organism). Metagenome refers to the genomic content of complete microbial ecosystems. Since the samples taken from the ecosystems may contain a variety of organisms, it requires a binning process to classify. In this research, k-nearest neighbour (KNN) algorithm was used to classify metagenome fragments and spaced n-mers was used for feature extraction. The research was conducted on two groups of datasets, namely the training organisms and testing organisms with fragment length of 500 bp, 1 kbp, 5 kbp, and 10 kbp. The best accuracy obtained from the training organism dataset reached 99.75% on the fragment test with a length of 10 kbp and k = 3. The highest value of its sensitivity and specificity was also obtained from the same organism dataset, 99.71% and 99.85% respectively.
Keyword: specificity., spaced n-mers, sensitivity, oligonucleotide frequency, metagenome, k-nearest neighbour, DNA

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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