Judul: Studi Keragaman Genetik Kerang Darah (Anadara granosa) Berdasarkan Cytochrome Oxydase Subunit I (COI)
Abstrak: Blood Cockle (Anadara granosa, Linneaus 1758) is a cosmopolitan bivalve inhabiting intertidal zone with sandy mud sediment. As a filter feeding organism, the blood cockle uptakes both organic and inorganis materials, including heavy metals. Heavy metal may cause genetic changes; consequently, those give rise to genetic diversity. This research is aimed at analyzing genetic variations based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) gene in blood cockle (A. granosa) from Banten coastal waters. DNA extraction procedure used CTAB (Chloroform Isoamil Alkohol) methods, followed by amplification using specific primers and sequencing. Sequencing product of A. granosa samples was 606 bp. A. granosa and other bivalve COI gene sequences were aligned. Bivalves from Family Arcidae such as Tegillarca granosa, Anadara diluvii, Anadara crebricosata, Anadara vellicata, Anadara sativa, Anadara pilula, Diluvarca ferruginea and Scapharca globosa were used as ingroup, while others such as Cucullaea labiata, Didimacar tenebrica, and Glycymeris rotunda were treated as outgroup. Those groups were acquired from GenBank. Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 4 (MEGA 4.0) program was applied for alignment procedure. Phylogenetic tree showed a distict cluster between ingroup (A. granosa, T. granosa, A. diluvii, A. crebricosata, A. vellicata, A. sativa, A. pilula, D. ferruginea, S. globosa) and outgroup (C. labiata, D. tenebrica, G. rotunda). There were 17 diagnostic nucleotide characterized A. granosa.
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Judul: Karakteristik Gen Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I (COI) pada Kerang Bulu (Anadara antiquata Linn.) asal Perairan Panimbang dan Bojonegara, Provinsi Banten
Abstrak: Anadara antiquata is an intertidal bivalve belongs to Arcidae Family. Its distribution in Indonesia is widespread. Its play role both in economy and ecology. Based on genetic database from GenBank, there is no genome data of A. antiquata from Indonesia. Therefore, to accomplish information on this hairy cockle, this research was aimed at characterizing cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) in cockle (Anadara antiquata linn.) from Banten (Panimbang and Bojonegara). Hairy cockle samples were collected from Panimbang and Bojonegara. Those were extracted for DNA analysis. DNA extraction and amplification process were followed with DNA sequencing of COI gene that produced 607 nucleotides (nt). The product was analyzed using software MEGA 4.0 and aligned with some sequences from GenBank database. This study was able to characterize A. antiquata COI gene which product was 382 nt using alignment method of Clustal W.
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Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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