Judul: Studi efisiensi penggunaan glifosat dengan penambahan pupuk urea dan gandasil-D untuk pengendalian gulma alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efisiensi pamakaian glifosat dengan penambahan pupuk urea dan Gandasil - D untuk mengendalikan gulma alang-alang. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Pasir Awi, Kecamatan Cigudeg, Kabupaten Bogor, mulai bulan Desember 2005 hingga Mei 2006
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Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Pupuk Nitrogen Terhadap Efektivitas dan Efisiensi Herbisida Glifosat untuk Mengendalikan Gulma Alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis perlakuan yang efektif dari pencampuran glifosat dan pupuk nitrogen untuk mengendalikan alang-alang (Imperata cylindrica (L.) Beauv.). Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di desa Pasir Awi, kecamatan Cigudeg-Bogor pada bulan Februari sampai Juni 2005. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan faktor tunggal dan terdiri dari tiga ulangan. Adapun perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu: (P1). glifosat 3 1/ha + urea 5 kg/ha, (P2) glifosat 3 l/ha + urea 10 kg/ha, (P3) glifosat 4 Iha + urea 5 kg/ha, (P4) glifosat 4 1/ha + urea 10 kg/ha, (P5) glifosat 5 l/ha + urea 5 kg/ha, (P6) glifosat 5 l/ha + urea 10 kg/ha, (P7) glifosat 3 l/ha + ZA 5 kg/ha, (P8) glifosat 3 l/ha + ZA 10 kg/ha, (P9) glifosat 4 1/ha + ZA 5 kg/ha, (P10) glifosat 4 1/ha ZA 10 kg/ha, (P11) glifosat 5 l/ha + ZA 5 kg/ha, (P12) glifosat 5 1/ha + ZA 10 kg/ha, (P13) glifosat 6 l/ha, (P14) manual dan (P15) kontrol. Peningkatan dosis glifosat cenderung meningkatkan efektivitas herbisida glifosat dalam mengendalikan gulma alang-alang. Adanya penambahan pupuk nitrogen terhadap glifosat mampu meningkatkan efektivitas glifosat dalam mengendalikan gulma alang-alang. Secara umum pada dosis glifosat yang sama, penambahan 10 kg/ha pupuk nitrogen menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik. dibandingkan dengan dosis 5 kg/ha, tetapi secara statistik antara perlakuan dosis 5 dan 10 kg/ha pupuk nitrogen yang ditambahkan terhadap glifosat memberikan pengaruh yang tidak berbeda nyata. Secara umum perlakuan dengan penambahan pupuk ZA ternyata lebih baik dalam menekan PPG, bobot basah dan bobot kering tajuk dibandingkan dengan pupuk urea pada dosis yang sama, namun secara statistik kedua dosis tersebut tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata. Dari hasil perlakuan yang diberikan menunjukkan peningkatan persentase penutupan gulma umumnya terjadi pada 8 MSA, walaupun peningkatannya cenderung lambat jika dibandingkan dengan perlakuan manual dan kontrol.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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