Judul: Meta Analisis Suplementasi Selenium pada Pakan Ikan Air Tawar
Abstrak: Penambahan feed supplement pada pakan sangat penting dalam meningkatkan metabolisme tubuh dan sistem imun organisme akuatik. Salah satu jenis feed supplement yang dapat digunakan yaitu mineral selenium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dan mengevaluasi berbagai data suplementasi selenium pada pakan ikan air tawar melalui meta analisis. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh melalui database literatur, yaitu Science Direct (https://www.sciencedirect.com/) dan Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/). Sebanyak 27 referensi dengan 125 unit perlakuan memenuhi syarat untuk dianalisis. Data menjadi sasaran meta-analisis berdasarkan metodologi model campuran (mixed effect model) yang mempertimbangkan dosis selenium sebagai efek tetap dan studi yang berbeda sebagai efek acak. Berdasarkan metode statistik meta analisis yang digunakan maka diperoleh persamaan regresi linier dan kuadratik, suplementasi selenium pada pakan ikan air tawar menghasilkan peningkatan terhadap bobot akhir, PBT (pertambahan bobot tubuh), JKP (jumlah konsumsi pakan), dan REP (rasio efisiensi protein) yang signifikan (P<0,05). Pengaruh suplementasi selenium pada pakan menunjukkan tren positif pada parameter pertumbuhan. Kemudian aktivitas enzim GPx pada organ hati serta kandungan hemoglobin dan HDL yang meningkat dalam darah ikan menunjukkan nilai yang lebih tinggi secara signifikan (P<0,05) terhadap ikan kontrol dengan tren positif. Namun, suplementasi selenium dapat menurunkan kandungan globulin, LDL dan kolesterol dengan signifikan (P<0,05). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa suplementasi selenium organik pada kisaran 0,60 hingga 7,32 mg/kg pakan dapat meningkatkan kesehatan dan pertumbuhan ikan air tawar., The use of a selenium-based feed supplement is essential for increasing the body metabolism and the immune system of aquatic organisms. This study aims to analyze and evaluate various data on selenium supplementation in freshwater fish feed by meta-analysis. The data used in the study were secondary data obtained from the literature database, specifically Science Direct (https://www.sciencedirect.com/) and Wiley Online Library (https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/). A total of 27 references containing 125 treatment units were found eligible for analysis. The data were subjected to a meta-analysis utilizing a mixed-effect model methodology that considered selenium dose as a fixed factor and different studies as a random variable. Using linear and quadratic regression equations, selenium supplementation in freshwater fish feed resulted in the significantly increased FBW (final body weight), WG (weight gain), FI (feed intake), and PER (protein efficiency ratio) (P<0,05). The effect of selenium supplementation to feed showed a positive trend on these growth parameters. Then, the activity of the GPx enzyme in the liver and the increased hemoglobin, globulin, and HDL content in the blood of fish exhibited a favorable trend with significantly higher value (P<0,05) compared to control fish. However, selenium supplementation could significantly reduce LDL and cholesterol levels (P<0,05). This study concluded that organic selenium supplementation in the range of 0,60 to 7,32 mg/kg feed could improve freshwater fish’s health and growth.
Keyword: Freshwater Fish, Growth, Health Status, Meta-Analysis, Selenium

Judul: Suplementation of Selenium Yeast into the Feed on the Growth of Tilapia Oreochromis niloticus Juvenile
Abstrak: Selenium yeast merupakan salah satu bentuk selenium organik sehingga lebih mudah diserap oleh tubuh dan memiliki tingkat toksisitas lebih rendah daripada selenium anorganik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis penambahan berbagai dosis selenium yeast pada pakan terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan nila Oreochromis niloticus. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga ulangan pada enam perlakuan, yaitu penambahan selenium yeast dengan dosis 0, 0,5, 1, 2, 4, dan 9 mg kg-1 pakan. Ikan nila bobot 3,15±0,04 g ekor-1 dipelihara dalam akuarium berukuran 90 × 40 × 45 cm3 dengan padat tebar 15 ekor akuarium-1. Ikan dipelihara selama 42 hari dan diberi pakan sebanyak tiga kali sehari secara at satiation. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan selenium yeast pada pakan memengaruhi biomassa akhir, bobot akhir, laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), jumlah konsumsi pakan, dan feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0,05) namun tidak memengaruhi tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH) dan rasio efisiensi protein (REP) (p>0,05). Nilai LPH benih ikan nila meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya dosis penambahan Se-yeast hingga dosis 1 mg kg-1 pakan. Penambahan Se-yeast dosis 1, 2, 4, dan 9 mg kg-1 pakan tidak berbeda secara signifikan pada nilai LPH, TKH, FCR, dan REP. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan selenium yeast dosis 1 mg kg-1 pakan dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan benih ikan nila. Selain itu, penambahan selenium yeast hingga dosis 9 mg kg-1 pakan masih dapat ditolerir dan belum bersifat toksik untuk benih ikan nila., Selenium yeast is one of the forms of organic selenium, therefore more easily to be absorbed by the body and has lower toxicity than inorganic forms. This study aimed to analyze the different levels of selenium yeast supplementation into the feed on the growth of tilapia Oreochromis niloticus juvenile. The study used a completely randomized design with three replications in six treatments, namely the different levels of selenium yeast supplementation, 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 9 mg kg-1 feed. Fifteen tilapia with weigh of 3.15±0.04 g fish-1 were distributed in 90 × 40 × 45 cm3 aquarium. Fish were reared for 42 days and fed three times a day at satiation. The results showed that selenium yeast supplementation into the feed effected final biomass, final weight, daily growth rate (DGR), amount of feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) (p<0.05), but did not effect survival rate (SR) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) (p>0.05). DGR of tilapia juvenile increased with increasing level of selenium yeast supplementation up to 1 mg kg-1 feed. Selenium yeast supplementation of 1, 2, 4, and 9 mg kg-1 feed were not significantly different on DGR, SR, FCR, and PER. In conclusion, selenium yeast supplementation of 1 mg kg-1 feed could increase the growth of tilapia juvenile. Moreover, selenium yeast supplementation up to 9 mg kg-1 feed was still tolerable and not toxic yet for tilapia juvenile.
Keyword: selenium yeast, feed, growth, tilapia

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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