Judul: Identification of Active Compounds in Endophytic Fungi Isolated From Soursop Leaf and Its Potential as Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators
Abstrak: Kapang endofit daun sirsak memiliki aktivitas antikanker payudara dengan menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker MCF-7. Sel ini mengekspresikan reseptor estrogen khususnya reseptor estrogen α. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa aktif kapang endofit daun sirsak dan menentukan potensinya sebagai antikanker payudara melalui penghambatan reseptor estrogen α. Metode penelitian meliputi ekstraksi kapang endofit, identifikasi senyawa aktif dengan LC-MS/MS, dan studi in silico menggunakan reseptor estrogen α. Terdapat 44 senyawa yang berhasil teridentifikasi dengan waktu retensi yang beragam dan sebanyak 15 senyawa berpotensi sebagai antikanker payudara karena kemampuannya dalam menghambat pertumbuhan dan memicu terjadinya apoptosis pada sel kanker. Studi in silico menunjukkan senyawa 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione memiliki efek inhibisi terbaik dengan nilai ∆G sebesar -8.3 kkal/mol. Simpulan penelitian ini adanya kemampuan dari ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak dalam menghambat reseptor estrogen α, Endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaves has anticancer activity due to its ability to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells. This cell express estrogen receptor, especially estrogen receptor α. This study aimed to identify the active compound in endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaf and determine the potential as an anticancer of breast cancer through estrogen receptor α inhibition. The method of the research included endophytic fungi extraction, identification of active compound using LC-MS/MS, and in silico study used estrogen receptor α. There are 44 active compounds that are successfully identified with various retention times and 15 compounds has potential as anticancer due to their ability to inhibit the growth and trigger apoptosis in cancer cells. In silico study showed that 3-[(4-hydroxyphenyl)methyl]-octahydropyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione has the best inhibition with ∆G values is -8.3 kcal/mol . The conclusion of this study is the ability of the extract of endophytic fungi isolated from soursop leaf to inhibit estrogen receptors α.
Keyword: breast cancer, endophytic fungi, estrogen receptor, soursop leaves

Judul: Pendugaan Senyawa Aktif Kapang Endofit Daun Sirsak sebagai Antikanker Payudara dengan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi
Abstrak: Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker yang paling banyak diderita oleh wanita di dunia. Salah satu bahan alami yang berpotensi sebagai antikanker adalah tanaman sirsak, khususnya daun sirsak. Mikroba endofit yang hidup pada tanaman sirsak diduga memiliki potensi dalam pengobatan herbal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi komponen senyawa aktif ekstrak etil asetat kapang endofit daun sirsak (Annona Muricata L.) dalam menghambat sel kanker MCF-7 dengan menggunakan HPLC. Identifikasi senyawa aktif pada kromatogram KCKT dilakukan dengan pendekatan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ekstraksi dengan pelarut etil asetat diduga menghasilkan senyawa yang berpotensi dalam menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker MCF-7 yaitu asetogenin. Senyawa asetogenin tersebut adalah annoglaxin, annomuricin, aromin, bullatacin dan squamocin., Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women. Soursop, especially its leaves, is one natural ingredient with the potential as an anti-cancer. Endophytic microbes that live on soursop plants are predicted to have medicinal properties. This study aimed to identify the active compound in the ethyl acetate extract of endophytic fungi from soursop leaves (Annona muricata L.) that inhibits the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The active compounds were identified on HPLC chromatograms using a literature study approach. The results indicated that extraction with ethyl acetate solvent produced a compound called acetogenin that can inhibit the growth of MCF-7 cancer cells. The acetogenin compounds identified annoglaxin, annomuricin, aromin, bullatacin dan squamocin.
Keyword: Annona Muricata L, endophytic fungi, MCF-7 anticancer, soursop leaves

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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