Judul: Implementasi program teks-ke-wicara pada kamus bahasa Indonesia-Inggris
Abstrak: Kemajuan teknologi komputer memungkinkan adanya program yang mampu mengucapkan kalimat berdasarkan input teks. Untuk mampu mengucapkan kalimat, program ini mengggunakan teknologi sintesis wicara. Sintesis wicara diaplikasikan pada komputer oleh sistem Teks-ke-Wicara dengan memanfaatkan multimedia. Pada tingkat yang sangat canggih sistem Teks-ke-Wicara telah diaplikasikan antara lain pada sistem robot. Sedangkan pada tingkat yang sangat sederhana, sistem ini dapat digunakan pada program kamus yang dapat mengucapkan kata. Tahapan yang harus dilalui sistem Teks-ke-Wicara yaitu normalisasi teks, homograph disambiguation, pengucapan kata, sintesis intonasi dan pembangkitan suara. Normalisasi teks merupakan sebuah pre- proses yang menginterpretasikan singkatan, angka, akronim, waktu, tabel, formula serta bentuk lainnya menjadi rangkaian huruf alfabet. Homograf disambiguation merupakan tahap khusus untuk mencari bentuk pengucapan homograf. Tahap pengucapan kata menguraikan teks menjadi rangkaian fonem. Untuk mendapatkan bentuk pengucapan suatu kata, sistem teks-ke-wicara pertama kali mencarinya pada leksikon. Jika tidak ditemukan pada leksikon, maka aturan huruf-ke-suara digunakan untuk menentukan pengucapan kata. Tahap sintesis intonasi bertujuan untuk menyertakan intonasi pada suara yang dihasilkan. Intonasi dibangkitkan melalui pemodelan intonasi. Tujuan utama dari model intonasi adalah membuat sistem deskripsi intonasi. Tahap pembangkitan suara menerima rangkaian fonem untuk diucapkan, mengambil suara digital dari database dan melakukan penyesuaian nada, waktu (durasi) dan volume kemudian mengirimnya ke kartu suara. Pada penelitian ini penulis mengaplikasikan sebuah sistem Teks-ke-Wicara Whistler yang dikembangkan oleh Microsoft pada sebuah program kamus bahasa Indonesia-Inggris. Whistler merupakan sekumpulan Speech Application Program Interface (SAPI). Untuk mengorganisasikan data kamus pada memori digunakan struktur data AVL Tree. Operasi pencarian, penyisipan dan peghapusan node pada AVL Tree memiliki kompleksitas O(Log n).
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Judul: Transkripsi Suara ke Teks Bahasa Indonesia Berbasis Suku Kata Menggunakan Codebook dan 2-level Dynamic Programming
Abstrak: Voice to text transcription is very useful because it allows people to interact with a system more quickly. However, it is hard for a system to recognize a speech which contains of connected words. This research aims to develop a system that recognize a connected word speech. The proposed approach uses MFCC as a feature extraction, codebook as pattern recognition method, and 2-level dynamic programming as connected words recognition method. The parameters used in feature extraction using MFCC are overlap, time frame, and number of cepstral coefficients. Moreover the parameter used in K-means clustering is the number of clusters. This research uses 900 syllable’s speech data from 18 classes, and 120 connected word’s speech data which consist of 60 testing data joined from training data and 60 real testing data. The results showed that the optimum value of K was 15, with the minimum word error rate of 0.1 for the ‘Ide Anda’ words resulted from joining words of training data with the overlap value of 0.25, the time frame value of 25 ms, the number of cepstral coefficients of 13, and the number of clusters of 20.
Keyword: dynamic programming, connected word, codebook, MFCC, K-means

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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