Judul: Kandungan nitrogen dan fosfor pupuk organik cair dari sludge instalasi gas bio dengan penambahan tepung tulang ayam dan tepung darah sapi
Abstrak: Composting is not a new thing in the public and so many methods in composting which implemented to support composting technology. Composting is defined as biochemical process to transform organic material to manure by microorganism integrated or separated. Motivated by expanded of rumour continuing farming in safe environment, pollution, and reduction land fertility content consequence of chemical fertilizer, also about the higher of artificial fertilizer price, cause the interest of farmer and society increase to use organic fertilizer as soil nutrition in agriculture development system.
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Judul: Nitrogen Content (N) of liquid Organic Fertilizer from Urine Addition in Liquid Sludge of Bio Gas Digester with Cow Feces as Influent.
Abstrak: Animal processing plant has resulted mainly product like milk, meat and egg. Beside that, animal processing plant was produced waste which could be demage to environment and human life. Dairy processing plant is one of animal processing plant and milk as a main product and faeces, urine and slurry as animal waste. Use of animal waste as influent in bio gas digester to product source of energy (methane) and sludge which of still fertilizer content and need to be continous processing in order to get a good quality of fertilizer content trough out liquid composting wich added dairy cow urine as nitrogen (N) source. This research was held in October 2002 until November 2002 in Kebon Pedes, Tanah Sareal, Bogor City, in Biotrop and in Laboratorium Animal production, in Sub. Lab. Animal Waste Treatment and Animal By-product, Facuity of Animal Science, Bogor Agriculture. This research was used urine 0, 2, 4, 6 litter as a treatment, in 20 littes sludge from bio gas digester and then composted for ten days. The paramter was measured nitrogen (%) and with commposite of carbon (%), phosphor (%), potasium (%), nitrate (ppm), Cation Exchange Capacity (CEC) meq/100g, C/N ratio dan pH at five first days composting. The design analitycal methode in this research was used Randomized Block Design (RBD) and four digesters as group.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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