Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Burung maleo (Macrocephalon maleo Sal. Muller 1846) adalah asalah satu jenis satwa liar endemik Sulawesi yang langka. Keberadaannya dilindungi oleh peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 7 tahun 1999 tanggal 27 Januari 1999, tentang pengawetan jenis tumbuhan dn Satwa.
Keyword: Perilaku masyarakat, Flora fauna, Kelenturan fenotipik, Taman Nasional Lore Lindu, Suaka Marga Satwa Bakiring

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch AUDEBERT, 1797) merupakan satwa primata endemik di Indonesia, khususnya di Jawa Barat dan dikategorikan sebagai satwa terancam punah di dalam the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) dan dicantumkan pada Appendix I dalam the Convention on International Trade for Endangered Species of Flora and Fauna (CITES) atau tidak boleh diperjualbelikan. Populasi satwa tersebut di alam siperkirakan sekitar 2400 -7900 ekor dan terus menurun menjadi sekitar 3000 ekor.
Keyword: Javan gibbon, Ovarium cycle, Sistem reproduksi owa betina, Feses, Uji validasi, Metoda ELISA, PdG, E,C

Judul: Density funtional theory dalam sintesis, karakterisasi, dan prediksi aplikasi. Kasus: senyawa Zn-dialkylditiokarbamat rantai panjang
Abstrak: Coordination compounds of dialkyldithiocarbamate have broad applications, e.g. automotive lubricant additives. Coordinated long chain dialkyldithiocarbamate was studied to obtain the better anti-friction and anti-wear. Integration of computation chemistry e.g. density functional theory used to identify reaction mechanisms, to optimize geometry of structure, and to estimate properties of compounds. The aim of this study was to obtain long chain complexes Zn-dialkyldithiocarbamate, to examine their structures, and to estimate their applications using Density Functional Theory methods (DFT). Long chain Zn-dialkyldithiocarbamate was synthesized through reaction between ZnCl2, NaOH, CS2 and secondary amine during 24 hours in room condition. Secondary amine was obtained from LiAlH4 reduction of amide 2o during 24 hours in nitrogen atmospheric. Reaction of long chain amine 1o and long chain acylchloride was used to obtain amide 2o. DFT and instrumentation (FTIR and HPLC) was used to study of mechanism, structure elucidation and its application. The results showed the synthesis of Zn-dibutyldithiocarbamate, dipalmitilamide, dipalmitilamine, Zn-dipalmitildithiocarbamate yields are 90.02%, 90.91%, 47.5%, and 66.49% respectively. The ratio of intensity and wave number for Zndibutyldithiocarbamate from FTIR spectra and DFT calculations wasn’t significantly different at 95% confidence level. According to DFT calculation (B3LYP/ 6-31G*), the carbon-sulfur bonds in Zn-dibutyldithiocarbamate have an average length of 0.1683-0.1743 nm and the ligand “bite” angle S-C-S has a mean value of 116.85o. This result indicates a tetrahedral-shaped Zndibutyldithiocarbamate. Lubricant additives (anti-wear and anti-friction) properties of Zn-dialkyldithiocarbamates was estimated by chemical hardness and absolute electronegativity. Lower electronegativity value is better anti-friction, and lower chemical hardness is better anti-wear. Anti-friction ability of Zndialkyldithiocarbamate is better than Mo-dialkyldithiocarbamate, while anti-wear ability is lower than Zn-dialkiydithiophosphates. Based on electronegativity absolute value of DFT calculations, the Zn-dialkyldithiocarbamate is categorized as superlubricity that can perform in the boundary lubricant system.
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