Judul: Analisis Hubungan Simultan antara Tingkat Upah dan Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja serta Variabel yang Mempengaruhinya
Abstrak: The economic crisis in 1997 in Indonesia led to complexities in labor issues, particularly those that relate to low wages and labor absorption. Since 2000, the economy has improved and has given hope to better labor conditions in Indonesia. However, increased economic growth has been followed by high unemployment. This study aimed to examine the simultaneous connection among wage rates and labor absorption as well as variables that influence it. Simultaneous equations model were used in this study and data sources were investigated from panel data. The simultaneous test has shown that there was simultaneous connection between the wage rates and labor absorption. The 2SLS (two stage least squares) method with fixed effects was chosen as the best parameter estimation method. The test also revealed that the gross regional domestic product variable influenced the wage rates and labor absorption significantly. The regional minimum wage and education levels significantly affect the wage rates. While the variables of physical investment and the consumer price index significantly affects labor absorption.
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Judul: The impact of labour policy on unemployment and the Indonesian economy in the era of regional autonomy
Abstrak: Kebijakan ketenagakerjaan secara langsung mempengaruhi pasar tenaga kerja dan kondisi perekonomian makro. Isu kebijakan ketenagakerjaan masih menjadi topik penting untuk dibahas di era otda karena kebijakan ketenagakerjaan merupakan masalah yang sensitif bagi buruh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mendeskripsikan isu-isu kebijakan ketenagakerjaan di era otda, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor kebijakan ketenagakerjaan yang mempengaruhi pasar tenaga kerja dan perekonomian lndonesia, (3) mengevaluasi dampak alternatif kebijakan ketenagakerjaan terhadap perubahan di pasar tenaga kerja dan perekonomian Indonesia di era otda tahun 2001-2004, dan (4) meramalkan dampak alternatif kebijakan ketenagakerjaan terhadap perubahan di pasar tenaga kerja dan perekonomian Indonesia di era otda tahun 2007-2010. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, dibangun model sistem persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari 34 persamaan struktural dan 18 persamaan identitas. Penelitian ini menggunakan data time series tahun 1980-2004. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif, model ekonometrika, simulasi historis dan peramalan yang menggunakan berbagai alternatif skenario kebijakan. Model diestimasi dengan metode 2SLS menggunakan prosedur SYSLIN. Simuasi historis dan peramalan menggunakan prisedur SIMNLIN. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa: (1) beberapa kelemahan Undang- Undang Ketenagakerjaan era otda cenderung menghambat penyelesaian perselisihan hubungan industrial, (2) meskipun upah minimum ditargetkan bagi buruh tanpa pengalaman dan nol masa kerja, dalam pelaksanaannya telah menyebabkan kenaikan upah rata-rata bagi buruh di semua tingkatan, peningkatan tingkat pengangguran dan inflasi dan pada akhirnya menurunkan GDP, (3) peningkatan kebijakan penyesuaian upah minimum, peningkatan kekuatan serikat pekerja dan peningkatan jumlah kasus pemogokan dan unjuk rasa berpengaruh nyata terhadap investasi, penawaran agregat, pengangguran dan inflasi, dan (4) diperkirakan upaya mencari solusi penyelesaian masalah hubungan industrial, penurunan suku bunga dan pengeluaran infrastruktur tahun 2007-2010 akan lebih efektif untuk menstimulasi peningkatan investasi dan produksi agregat serta penurunan tingkat pengangguran dan tingkat inflasi. Bila pemerintah tetap mempertahankan kebijakan upah minimum di era otda maka bersama dengan serikat buruh dan pihak pengusaha perlu melakukan: (1) evaluasi kembali penetapan upah minimum, (2) kontrol terhadap kekuatan serikat pekerja dan (3) upaya peningkatan produktifitas TK agar tidak memperburuk tingkat pengangguran dan perekonomian 2007-2010 mendatang.
Keyword: Labor policy, Unemployment, Simultaneous Equation Model, Indonesia economy

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell