Judul: Grass Productivity and Nangka Banana's Peels (Musa paradisiaca L) Palatability as Additional Feed for Timor Deers (Cervus timorensis de Blainville) in Captivity.
Abstrak: Feed is the most important factors which determines the success of the captive deer management. The availability of forage is important for deer in captivity. For ensuring the stock of grass, it should be calculated the grass productivity and the carrying capacity. In captive, The productivity of forage is important to support the daily need of deers. On the other side the availability of concentrate feed which is palatable is important to support the protein reguirement of timor deers. The objective of the research is to measure productivity of grass and the carrying capacity of the site and to know the palatability of banana peels as additional feed for timor deer. Five grass species were consumed by the deers in captive site as follows: Axonophus compresus (0,87), Imperata cylindrica (0,79), Andropogon acicularus (0,71), Cynodon dactylon (0,62) and Cyperus rotundus (0,29). According to the palatability level, the grass productivity during rainy seasons is 111,10 kg/ha/day and 55,50 kg/ha/day during dry seasons. The carrying capacity during rainy seasons is 21,3 deers/ha and 10,6 deers/ha in the dry seasons. It means that there were insufficient of food in both seasons. So that it is necesary to supply additional feed. A randomized block design was implemented for this experiment. The statistical analisys shows that giving additional feed with banana peels ingredient through F test gives significant affect (P<0,05) againts its palatability index. Additional feed with banana peels ingredient has higher palatability index (T1, T2, T3) compared to additional feed without banana peels ingridient (T0) with significant differences (P>0,05). However, the palatability index is decreasing as the use of banana peels ingridient increased (T2 and T3).
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Judul: Preferensi Pakan Tambahan Limbah Sayuran Pada Rusa Timor (Rusa Timorensis) di Penangkaran dan Pengaruhnya terhadap Perilaku Makan
Abstrak: Feed is the most important factors to determine the success of a captivity. Additional for age can be provided to deer to solve the limitation of grass availability as the primary feed for timor deer. Additional vegetables waste have advantage because the price is relatively cheap. Considering the problem, this research was conducted in the aim to identify kind of vegetable waste which is most preferred by the timor deer and any typical behavior which is possible showed by deer possibility as a negative impact of additional vegetables waste as feed. Research was held in captivity deer of Dramaga Research Forest in June until July 2012. Four individual timor deers (2 adult males and 2 adult females) were observed and four type of feed (mixed grass, corn skin, cabbage waste and chicory waste) were provided as additional for ages. There were two observation techniques used, they were supplementary feed preference and eating behavior. In feed preference, three types of vegetable waste and mixed grass as primary feed were given simultanously to deer . Two kilograms of each feed type were given daily to each. While in eat behavior, for age were given based on treatment. Every treatment consisting of 3 kg mixed grass and 3 kg vegetable for each pair deer. The data of feed preference were analysed by Index Nue. The result showed that skin of corn was preferred by both male and female deer with w value sequently 1,32 and 1,36. Afterward, vegetable waste feed affected eating behavior of the timor deer. The period of eating relatively shorter on the type of supplementary feed which was most preferred by both male and female timor deer, and longer on the type of supplementary feed which was not preferred. Chi-Square test showed that there was a significant difference, it showed the value of count χ² (161,387) was larger than the value of table χ² (7,378). Moreover, typical behavior as a negative affect from leftover cabbage as supplementary feed was found. It happened to male timor deer which fell asleep and drooling while sleeping. This was because cabbage contained a gas that could increase the gas in the stomach, so the timor deer's energy focused on the digestive system and caused male timor deer asleep.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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