Judul: Analisis Regresi Data Panel pada Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) Provinsi Kalimantan Barat Tahun 2017-2022
Abstrak: Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) merupakan salah satu indikator yang digunakan untuk mengukur keberhasilan pembangunan di suatu negara atau daerah. IPM memberikan gambaran umum tentang kualitas hidup dan kesejahteraan manusia yang meliputi aspek kesehatan, pendidikan, dan kelayakan hidup. Kalimantan Barat merupakan salah satu provinsi yang memiliki capaian IPM terendah di Indonesia dan tercatat sebagai provinsi dengan IPM terendah di Pulau Kalimantan selama periode 2017 hingga 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan model yang lebih baik untuk menduga IPM di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat menggunakan regresi data panel serta mengidentifikasi peubah-peubah yang memengaruhinya. Data yang digunakan berasal dari BPS Provinsi Kalimantan Barat periode 2017 hingga 2022 yang terdiri atas 14 kabupaten/kota. Peubah yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah jumlah tenaga kesehatan, jumlah sarana kesehatan, pengeluaran konsumsi pemerintah, tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja, persentase penduduk miskin, angka partisipasi murni SMA, dan jumlah sekolah SMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model regresi data panel yang lebih baik untuk menduga Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) di Kalimantan Barat adalah model pengaruh acak dengan pengaruh spesifik individu dengan nilai kebaikan model (R^2) sebesar 73,07%. Peubah-peubah yang berpengaruh signifikan pada taraf nyata 5% adalah jumlah tenaga kesehatan, persentase penduduk miskin, dan jumlah sekolah SMA., The Human Development Index (HDI) is an indicator used to measure the success of development in a country or region. HDI provides an overview of the quality of life and human well-being which includes aspects of health, education, and livability. West Kalimantan is one of the provinces with the lowest HDI achievement in Indonesia and was recorded as the province with the lowest HDI on the island of Kalimantan during the period 2017 to 2022. This study aims to determine a better model to estimate HDI in West Kalimantan Province using panel data regression and identify the variables that affect it. The data used came from the BPS of West Kalimantan Province for the period 2017 to 2022 which consisted of 14 districts/cities. The variables used in the study were the number of health workers, the number of health facilities, government consumption expenditure, the labor force participation rate, the percentage of the poor population, the pure participation rate of high schools, and the number of high schools. The results showed that the appropriate panel data regression model to estimating the Human Development Index (HDI) in West Kalimantan was a random influence model with an individual-specific influence that had a model goodness value (R^2) of 73.07%. The variables that have a significant effect on the real 5% level are the number of health workers, the percentage of the poor, and the number of high schools.
Keyword: indeks pembangunan manusia, regresi data panel, Provinsi Kalimantan Barat

Judul: Regional Fiscal and Human Development Quality in North Kalimantan Province
Abstrak: Tahun 1990, United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) mengeluarkan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) sebagai salah satu indikator pengukuran keberhasilan pembangunan manusia. Provinsi Kalimantan Utara termasuk kedalam 3 provinsi dengan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB) perkapita tertinggi di tingkat nasional, namun IPM Provinsi Kalimantan Utara berada di bawah tingkat nasional sejak 7 tahun terakhir. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, belanja pemerintah dapat menggambarkan IPM lebih dari 80 persen dan penelitian lainnya menunjukkan bahwa belanja pemerintah yang relatif besar tidak akan berdampak terhadap pembangunan jika belanja pemerintah tidak dialokasikan kepada infrastruktur. Belanja Provinsi Kalimantan Utara berada diatas rata-rata nasional. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisi disparitas infrastruktur antar wilayah dan menganalisis dampak belanja pemerintah daerah menurut fungsinya (kesehatan, pendidikan dan ekonomi) terhadap IPM. Hasil analisis skalogram menunjukan bahwa terdapat disparitas infrastruktur antar kebupaten di Provinsi Kalimanta Utara dimana Kabupaten Tanah Tidung dan Nunukan merupakan kabupaten dengan ketersediaan infrastruktur yang relatif rendah dan sebaliknya dengan tiga kabupaten lainnya. Secara deskriptif menunjukan bahwa ada hubungan antara infrastruktur dengan IPM. Berdasarkan model ekonometrik data panel, data cross section lima kabupaten/kota dan time series tahun 2013-2019, khususnya Random Effect Model menunjukkan bahwa anggaran kesehatan berhubungan positif dengan IPM, namun tidak signifikan; sedangkan anggaran fungsi ekonomi berdampak signifikan terhadap IPM, namun dengan arah yang tidak sesuai dengan hipotesis. Sementara masing-masing indeks (kesehatan, pendidikan dan ekonomi) tidak dipengaruhi oleh anggarannya kecuali kesehatan; peningkatan PDRB secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan masing-masing indeks dan penurunan tingkat kemiskinan secara signifikan dapat meningkatkan indeks kesehatan., In 1990, the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) issued the Human Development Index (HDI) as an indicator for measuring the success of human development. North Kalimantan Province is included in the 3 provinces with the highest per capita Gross Regional Domestic Product (PDRB) at the national level, however the HDI of North Kalimantan Province has been below the national level for the last 7 years. Based on previous research, government spending can describe HDI more than 80 percent and other studies show that relatively large government spending will not have an impact on development if government spending is not allocated to infrastructure. North Kalimantan Province spending is above the national average. Therefore, this study aims to analyze disparities in infrastructure between regions and to analyze the impact of local government spending by function (health, education and economy) on HDI. The results of the schalogram analysis show that there are disparities in infrastructure between districts in North Kalimantan Province where Tanah Tidung and Nunukan are districts with relatively low infrastructure availability and vice versa with the other three districts. Descriptively shows that there is a relationship between infrastructure and HDI. Based on the panel data econometric model, cross section data for five districts / cities and time series for 2013-2019, particularly the Random Effect Model, it shows that the health budget is positively related to HDI, but not significant; while the economic function budget has a significant impact on HDI, but in a direction that is not in accordance with the hypothesis. Meanwhile each index (health, education and economy) is not influenced by its budget, except for health; a significant increase in
Keyword: economic budget, economic growth, education budget, health budget, scalogram

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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