Judul: Utilization of Seaweed Gracilaria sp. in the Artificial Rice Production by Extrusion Method
Abstrak: Beras tiruan merupakan produk olahan berbentuk seperti butiran beras namun terbuat dari bahan pangan yang mengandung pati. Gracilaria sp. merupakan rumput laut penghasil agar yang kaya akan serat dan sudah dibudidayakan di Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menentukan formulasi dan karakteristik beras tiruan dengan pemanfaatan rumput laut Gracilaria sp. yang dikomposisikan dengan tepung jagung, tepung singkong dan tepung beras menggunakan metode ekstrusi. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan uji lanjut Duncan dan hedonik menggunakan Kruskal Wallis dengan uji lanjut Multiple Comparison. Beras tiruan dengan penambahan tepung rumput laut Gracilaria sp. memberikan pengaruh terhadap komposisi kimia dan kesukaan panelis dengan parameter aroma netral, warna sedikit gelap, dan tekstur kompak. Beras tiruan dengan perlakuan RL10 merupakan formulasi terbaik. Beras tiruan yang dihasilkan memiliki kadar air 11,27%, kadar abu 0,21%, kadar lemak 1,07%, kadar protein 3,55%, kadar karbohidrat 95,17%, kadar fenol 23,135 mg/kg, kadar tanin 0,095%, serat larut air 2,92%, serat tidak larut air 3,64%, dan serat total sebesar 6,56%., Artificial rice is a processed product shaped like rice grains but made from foodstuffs that contain starch. Gracilaria sp. is agarose producer and it is rich in fiber and has been cultivated in Indonesia. Research was conducted to determine the formulation and characteristics of artificial rice with the utilization of seaweed Gracilaria sp. were composed with cornstarch, cassava flour and rice flour using extrusion methods. The study used a complete randomized design (CRD) with duncan and hedonic test using Kruskal Wallis with further test of Multiple comparison. Artificial rice with the addition of seaweed flour Gracilaria sp. influenced the chemical composition and preferences of the panelists with neutral aroma parameters, slightly dark colors, and compact textures. Artificial rice with RL10 treatment is the best formulation. Artificial rice contained moisture 11.27%, ash 0.21%, fat 1,07%, protein 3.55%, carbohydrate 95,17%, phenol 23,135 mg/kg, tannin 0.095%, water-soluble fiber 2,92%, water-insoluble fiber 3,64%, and total fiber 6.56%.
Keyword: artificial rice, composition, seaweed, total fiber

Judul: Utilization of Eucheuma cottonii in Artificial Rice Production
Abstrak: Rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii merupakan salah satu komoditas utama dalam sektor perikanan. Kandungan serat yang tinggi memungkinkan rumput laut sebagai bahan dalam pembuatan beras tiruan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik beras tiruan dengan perlakuan perbedaan penambahan konsentrasi rumput laut Eucheuma cottonii dan formulasi terbaik beras tiruan. Penelitian menggunakan ANOVA dengan uji lanjut Duncan serta penentuan formula terbaik dengan metode Bayes. Pembuatan beras tiruan menggunakan metode ekstrusi dengan 4 bahan dasar yaitu tepung jagung, tepung beras, tepung singkong dan tepung rumput laut (Eucheuma cottonii). Perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu penambahan tepung rumput laut sebanyak 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15%. Hasil uji Bayes menunjukkan formulasi beras tiruan terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan konsentrasi 10% yang memiliki nilai karakteristik kadar air 15,39%, kadar abu 1,48%, kadar lemak 3,30%, kadar protein 7,90%, karbohidrat 70,84% dan serat pangan 13,10% dengan nilai sensori parameter warna 5,7, parameter bau 6,9 dan parameter tekstur 6,8. Formulasi terbaik pada konsentrasi 10% memiliki total fenol yaitu 366,56 mg/g dan tanin 0,19%., Eucheuma cottonii was main commodity in fisheries sector. Highly fiber content in E. cottonii it was allowed as an ingredient in artificial rice production. The purpose of this research was to determine characteristic of artificial rice with different seaweed concentrate and the best formula was. ANOVA was used as statistic analyze with Dunncan as further test and Bayes method to obtain the best formula. Extrude method and different ingredients was used to make the artificial rice, there were cornstracth , rice flour, cassava flour and seaweed flour (E.cottonii). Seaweed flour was added as treatments with different concentration that is (0%), (5%), (10%), and (15%). Results from ANOVA and Bayes showed that concentration 10% was the best formula with moisture content 15,39%, ash 1,48%, lipid 3,30%, protein 7,90%, carbohydrat 70,84% and dietary fiber 13,10%, sensory test showed that color content was 5,7 point, odour content 6,9 point and texture content 6,8 point. The best formula in concentration 10% had total fenol 366,56 mg/g and tanin content 0,19%.
Keyword: beras tiruan, Eucheuma cottonii, fenol, Tanin, artificial race, Taninn, fenol

Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model