Judul: Kajian Pengolahan Mi Substitusi Sorgum Instan Berantioksidan Tinggi
Abstrak: Instant sorghum substitution noodle is a food product alternative as source of carbohydrate with high antioxidant content. Research methodology was divided into 3 stages: sorghum flour processing, instant sorghum noodles production, and instant sorghum noodle analysis. Sorghum was hulled 0, 20, and 60 seconds before the flour will be used in the formulation. Concentrations of sorghum flour for substitution were 30%, 40%, and 50%. Addition of water about 40% by weight of the mixed flour and frying for 120 seconds at 160oC were the most optimum parameters. Based on organoleptic tests, formulation was made from hulled sorghum about 20 seconds with 30% concentration of substitution was the most preferred formulation. Based on physical analysis, elongation value of formulation selected was 72.68%, hardness value was 3609.50 gf, adhesiveness value was 977.42 gf, springiness value was 0.2706 gs, water absorption (DSA) value was 146.96% and cooking loss value was 9.20%. Based on chemical analysis, formulation selected had 3.56% moisture content, 1.64% ash content, 17.32% fat content, 9.55% protein content, 67.91% carbohydrate content, and 0.61% crude fiber content. Sorghum flour was used had 8.37% moisture content, 1.18% ash content, 3.86% fat content, 6.15% protein content, 80.43% carbohydrate content, and 2.40% crude fiber content. Based on antioxidants analysis, total phenol content of formulation selected was 0.05 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent)/g, antioxidant activity was 0.58 mg AEAC (Ascorbic acid Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity)/g, and antioxidant capacity was 18.17%. Sorghum flour was used had total phenol content was 0.12 mg GAE/g, antioxidant activity was 0.73 mg AEAC/g, and antioxidant capacity was 23.13%.
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Judul: Formulasi dan Analisis Nilai Gizi Produk Mi Berbasis Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench.)
Abstrak: Sorghum as cerealia has many advantages over rice, including phenolic compound that have health potential in human body. This grain has good adaptation to dry and tropical climate that is suitable to grow in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to determine the best formula based on organoleptic (colour, taste, and texture), mineral, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activity analysis results. The initial stage of this research was to find the best formula from extrusion processing. The second stage is organoleptic test by hedonic rating and ranking. Mineral analysis (Ca, Fe, and Zn) by AAS method, dietary fiber analysis, and antioxidant by DPPH method were the last stage of this research. The variables that differentiate between formulas are ratio of sorghum to water (60%, 70% and 80%), temperature of starch gelatinitation (80oC, 90oC, and 100oC), and also frying time (1 minute and 2 minutes). Formulas with 60% ratio of sorghum (milled and unmilled sorghum) have the best quality from extrusion processing. Formula with 60% ratio unmilled sorghum at 1 minute frying has the highest rank from organoleptic test. At 2 minutes frying, formula with 60% ratio milled sorghum has the highest rank. Unmilled sorgum noodle have high dietary fiber, 33% compliance rate of nutrient adequacy, and high amount of Fe and Zn. Milled sorgum noodle also have 28% compliance rate nutrient adequacy of dietary fiber. Antioxidant activity from unmilled sorgum noodle (1.98 ppm AEAC/g product) higher than milled sorgum noodle (1.18 ppm AEAC/g product).
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Judul: Characteristics, Recording Method, and Habitat Impact on Bats Echolocation Calls
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki 239 jenis kelelawar yang terdiri dari 62 jenis Megachiroptera dan 117 jenis Microchiroptera. Identifikasi jenis kelelawar umumnya dilakukan melalui morfologi meliputi ukuran serta ciri khusus tubuh. Metode tersebut mengharuskan penangkapan kelelawar. Cara tersebut dianggap kurang efisien serta dapat melukai kelelawar dan memungkinkan tertularnya penyakit antar peneliti dan kelelawar. Metode identifikasi melalui suara echolokasi dianggap mampu mengurangi resiko tersebut. Kelelawar Microchiroptera dan marga Rousettus (Megachiroptera) memiliki kemampuan echolokasi. Tipe dan karakter suara yang dihasilkan berbeda-beda. Perbedaan ini dijadikan dasar dalam identifikasi. Proses identifikasi melalui suara belum sepenuhnya dapat digunakan di Indonesia. Terbatasnya data dasar karakter echolokasi setiap jenis menjadi salah satu penyebabnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui dan mengumpulkan data karakteristik suara echolokasi kelelawar sehingga dapat dijadikan dasar identifikasi melalui suara. Kelelawar famili Rhinolohidae dan Hipposideridae menggunakan suara echolokasi tipe konstan (cf) dengan durasi yang relatif lebih panjang, sedangkan Vespertilionidae dan Megaderma spasma tipe frekuensi modulated (fm). Rhinolophus pusillus, R. stheno, R. affinis, Hipposideros larvatus, H. diadema, Miniopterus australis, M. fuliginosus, dan Megaderma spasma masing-masing memiliki frekuensi puncak suara 104,1, 86,06, 71,69, 99,26, 69,24, 65,12, 54,29, dan 31,69 kHz. Perlakuan perekaman agar menyerupai suara alami di alam pada jenis R. affinis, R. stheno, H. diadema, dan M. fuliginosus jika kelelawar tersebut direkam dalam posisi kelelawar ditempatkan di dalam kantong, untuk jenis R. pusillus dan M. australis dapat direkam pada posisi jika kelelawar tersebut dipegang, sedangkan H. larvatus yang direkam dilepas di dalam ruangan akan lebih akurat jika dibandingkan beberapa perlakuan yang menjadi kajian perekaman ini. Suara echolokasi jenis R. affinis di tipe habitat berbeda dapat dicirikan karena memiliki perbedaan pada karakter frekuensi awal (fs), intesitas suara (is), dan jarak antar suara (jr). Suara R. pusillus berbeda pada fs, frekuensi konstan (fc), frekuensi akhir (fe), frekuensi puncak (fp), dan frekuensi kontan harmonik (hc). Suara R. stheno dapat dicirikan dari perberbedaan pada tipe suara is. Suara H. larvatus dapat dicirikan dari perbedaan pada karakter suara fc, fe, fp, dan jr. Suara H. diadema perbedaannya cenderung pada karakter durasi (dur), fc, dan fp. Suara M. fuliginosus dan M. muricola berbeda pada fs, fe, fp, is, dan jr. Sedangkan suara M. australis perbedaannya terlihat pada karakter suara fs dan is. Chaerephon plicatus perbedaannya terjadi pada karakter suara fp. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa karakter frekuensi konstan (fc) dipengaruhi oleh tinggi bebas cabang pohon dan non pohon, tinggi total non pohon, lebar tajuk non pohon, dan kecepatan angin. Karakter suara harmonik awal (hs) dari suara kelelawar dipengaruhi oleh suhu dan kecepatan angin, sedangkan frekuensi harmonik akhir (he) dipengaruhi oleh tinggi total non pohon, lebar tajuk non pohon, luas bidang dasar non pohon dan tinggi total pohon., Indonesia has 239 species of bats, this number consists of 62 species of megachiropteran and 117 of microchiropteran. Species identification is generally carried out through morphology and special features. These methods requires to caught the bats. It is considered less efficient, can harm the bats, and increase the risk of disease transmission between humans and bats. Identification through echolocation sound is considered to reduce the risk. Microchiroptera bats and the Rousettus (Megachiroptera) have the ability to echolocation. The type and character
Keyword: Echolokasi, Frekuensi Suara, Kelelawar