Judul: Response of Giving IBA, MSG and Rootone-F on the Growth
of Avocado Plant Stem Cuttings (Persea americana Mill.).
Abstrak: Tanaman alpukat (Persea americana Mill.) adalah tanaman holtikultura yang perlu dikembangkan karena memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh bagian bahan setek batang (batang bagian ujung dan bagian pangkal) serta konsentrasi ZPT (Zat Pengatur Tumbuh) berupa IBA (Indole butryic acid) konsentrasi (20 ppm dan 30 ppm), MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) konsentrasi (20 ppm dan 100 ppm) dan Rootone-F pasta 1000 ppm terhadap kemampuan berakar dan bertunas pada tanaman alpukat. Parameter keberhasilan yang diamati adalah persen hidup, persen berakar, jumlah akar, panjang akar, waktu muncul tunas, jumlah tunas. Perlakuan pemberian ZPT tambahan berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter persen hidup, persen berakar dan waktu muncul tunas alpukat. Perlakuan MSG 20 ppm memberikan hasil terbaik untuk merangsang perakaran sebesar 60%. Perlakuan bagian batang berpengaruh terhadap parameter persen hidup dan jumlah tunas. Perlakuan batang bagian pangkal memberikan hasil terbaik terhadap persen hidup setek sebesar 61,11%., The avocado plant (Persea americana Mill.) is a horticultural plant that needs to be developed because it has high economic value. The aim of this research is: to determine the effect of the stem cutting material (stem end and base) as well as the concentration of ZPT (Growth Regulator) in the form of IBA (Indole butryic acid) concentration (20 ppm and 30 ppm), MSG (Monosodium Glutamate) concentration (20 ppm and 100 ppm) and RootoneF paste 1000 ppm on the ability to root and sprout in avocado plants. The success parameters observed is percent alive, percent rooted, number of roots, root length, time shoots appeared, number of shoots. The treatment of providing additional ZPT had a significant effect on the parameters of percent alive, percent rooted and time to emergence of avocado shoots. 20 ppm MSG treatment gave the best results to stimulate rooting by 60%. The treatment of the stem part affects the parameters of the live cutting and the number of shoots. Treatment of the base of the stem gave the best results for the percentage of survival of the cuttings at 61.11%.
Keyword: akar, tunas, vegetatif, zat pengatur tumbuh

Judul: Effect of Different Varieties and Type of Scion on The Growth of Avocado Plant (Persea americana Mill.)
Abstrak: Ketersediaan tanaman alpukat masih rendah, baik secara kuantitas maupun kualitas sehingga perlu dilakukan pengembangan guna mendapatkan bibit berkualitas, unggul, dan masif dalam waktu yang relatif singkat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh perbedaan varietas dan tipe cabang batang atas terhadap pertumbuhan tanaman alpukat (Persea americana Mill.). Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) faktorial dengan dua faktor, yaitu faktor satu merupakan penggunaan tiga varietas batang atas (varietas Miki/Cipedak, varietas Sindangreret lonjong, dan varietas Solok) dan faktor dua merupakan fase pertumbuhan cabang batang atas (flush 1/internode pucuk; dan flush 2/internode kedua) dengan 5 satuan percobaan setiap ulangan, 3 ulangan untuk setiap perlakuan. Data diukur menggunakan analisis uji-F dan bila nyata diuji lanjut menggunakan Duncan’s Multiple Range Test taraf 5%. Penggunaan batang atas berbeda varietas nyata meningkatkan diameter batang bawah. Batang atas varietas Sindangreret lonjong memiliki rataan pertumbuhan diameter batang bawah tertinggi sebesar 6,34 cm, penggunaan batang atas varietas Miki menghasilkan pertumbuhan diameter terkecil sebesar 5,63 cm, sedangkan penggunaan batang atas varietas Solok menghasilkan pertumbuhan diameter yang tidak berbeda dengan kedua varietas. Fase pertumbuhan batang atas nyata mempengaruhi waktu pecah tunas, persen hidup, diameter batang atas, dan tinggi batang atas. Penggunaan batang atas fase flush 2 menghasilkan kecepatan tumbuh diameter dan tinggi batang atas lebih tinggi, sementara penggunaan fase flush 1 mempercepat waktu pecah tunas dan menghasilkan persen hidup lebih tinggi. Tidak terdapat interaksi nyata pada kedua faktor., The availability of avocado plants is still low, both in quantity and quality, so development is requisited to obtain quality, superior, and massive seeds in a relatively short time. This research aims to study the effect of different varieties and types of scion on the growth of avocado plants (Persea americana Mill.). The research used a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors, i.e., factor one was the use of three scion varieties (Miki/Cipedak variety, Sindangreret lonjong variety, and Solok variety) and factor two was the growth phase of the scion branches (flush 1/apical shoot internode; and flush 2/second internode) with five experimental units per repetition, three repetitions for each treatment. Data were measured using Anova and, if significant, tested further using Duncan's Multiple Range Test at a 5% level. The scion of different varieties significantly increases the diameter of the rootstock. The scion of the oval Sindangreret variety had the highest average rootstock diameter growth of 6.34 cm, the use of the scion of the Miki variety resulted in the smallest diameter growth of 5.63 cm, even so the use of the scion of the Solok variety resulted in diameter growth that was no different from the two varieties. The growth phase of the scion significantly influences the time of bud break, survival percentage, diameter of the scion, and height of the scion. Scion flush phase 2 results in a higher growth rate in diameter and height of the scion, while the flush phase 1 speeds up the time of bud break and produces a higher survival percentage. There is no significant interaction between the two factors.
Keyword: age phase, auxin, cytokinin, scion, success rate, grafting

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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