Judul: Sintesis Nitril Satu-Wadah dari Asam Lemak Jenuh
Abstrak: Nitrile is an important intermediate for fine-chemicals industries. In particular, fatty nitriles can be used for the production of bio-based surfactants, lubricant oils, and other high-valued chemicals. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient synthesis method for direct conversion of saturated fatty acids into their nitrile analogues. This study was expected to enhance the economical value of crude palm oil and crude palm kernel oil. The synthesis was conducted in one-pot reaction by refluxing fatty acid and excess of acetonitrile in acidic condition. The optimum condition for this reaction was at 115 °C for 24 hours with yields of 50, 50, 70, and 75% for lauric acid (C-12), myristic acid (C-14), palmitic acid (C-16), and stearic acid (C-18), respectively. Purity of the fatty nitriles obtained through this method were confirmed by thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and melting-points.
Keyword: one-pot synthesis, fatty nitrile, fatty acid

Judul: Sintesis Senyawa Tetrazola dari Asam Lemak Jenuh.
Abstrak: Senyawa tetrazola merupakan senyawa penting yang banyak digunakan dalam bidang farmasi sebagai obat, bahan bakar jet, ligan pembentuk senyawa koordinasi, dan prekusor pembentukan senyawa heterosiklik lainnya. Senyawa tetrazola dapat disintesis dari minyak nabati melalui senyawa nitril. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengonversi langsung asam lemak jenuh menjadi senyawa lemak tetrazola. Hasil penelitian ini, diharapkan dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah dari minyak nabati. Sintesis dilakukan dalam 2 tahap pada kondisi yang berbeda. Kondisi optimum untuk membentuk nitril pada suhu 295 ºC selama 5 jam dengan kondisi atmosfer nitrogen menghasilkan senyawa nitril sebesar 60─90%. Kondisi yang digunakan untuk reaksi pembentukan tetrazola adalah pada suhu 120 ºC selama 10 jam dengan hasil reaksi 30─50%. Kemurnian lemak nitril dan tetrazola yang diperoleh dengan metode ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil kromatogram kromatografi lapis tipis, spektrum inframerah transformasi fourier, spektrum resonans magnet inti, dan titik leleh.
Keyword: fatty nitrile, Senyawa heterosiklik, tetrazola

Judul: Ragam jenis ektoparasit burung tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis) dan burung puter (Streptopelia bitorquata) di penangkaran
Abstrak: Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove are the bird species that are easily raised in captivity. Nevertheless, good management is required to successfully breed and raise the birds in captivity; otherwise, the condition may endanger the sustainability of the two bird species. Information on ectoparasites on the bodies of this bird as well as their captivity breeding has not been available, although admittedly taking ectoparasites from these bird families has much been done so that a research is obviously needed. This study aimed to find out various kinds of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove ectoparasites and to learn various kinds of parasitic insects around the Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages. The study was conducted from April to June 2010. The methods of data collection included the general condition of the location, collection of ectoparasites specimens, processing and specimens identification. The data analysis was done descriptively and tabulated with the degree of infestation. The kinds of ectoparasites from the class of insects found in the body of Spotted dove were Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae of phthiraptera order and Pseudolynchia canariensis of diptera order, and arachnida class, that is, tungau from the pterolichidae family. In terms of ectoparasites, Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove were similar, except that Javan turtle dove had no Pseudolynchia canariensis. Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae were mallopaga order (biting lice) and were obligate. The kinds of parasitic insects in the vicinity of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages were from the Ordo Diptera. The diptera classified as parasites included Anopheles, Culex, Psychodidae, Culicoides and Simulium, most of them vectors of disease. The presence of ectoparasites was closely related to how a breeding place is managed.
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