Judul: In Vitro Release of Ibuprofen from Microcapsules Coated Polyblend of Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(ε-caprolactone)
Abstrak: Ibuprofen is an anti-inflammatory drug that has a short biological half-life and imposes adverse gastrointestinal reaction. Microencapsulation could be used to minimize its disadvantages. In this experiment, microencapsulation of ibuprofen was done by emulsification method. Coating material which was used were polyblend of poly(lactic acid) and poly(ε-caprolactone) which are biodegradable and biocompatible. Polyvinylalcohol was used as an emulsifier at concentrations of 1.5%. The microencapsulation was carried out with various quantities of ibuprofen. The increase in quantities of ibuprofen would improve encapsulation efficiency. Encapsulation of ibuprofen showed an efficiency of more than 71% with the highest score of 84.13% in microcapsule with ratio of polyblend-ibuprofen 5:1.5. The dissolution test results in basic medium showed that the encapsulation efficiencies affected ibuprofen release from the microcapsule. Microcapsules with the higest encapsulation efficiency released ibuprofen ranged from 26.71 to 28.78% for 6 hours. Kinetic of ibuprofen release followed first order kinetic model. The microcapsules particle sizes ranged from 38 to 250 μm.
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Judul: Pelepasan Ibuprofen dari Mikrokapsul Tersalut Paduan Lilin Lebah dan Poli(asam laktat) Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Ibuprofen as an anti-inflammatory drug has a short elimination rate which can causes gastric irritation. Microencapsulation technique can be used to overcome these problems and provide a better therapeutic efficacy through controlled drug release mechanism. In this research, microencapsulation of ibuprofen carried out by blending process and emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Ibuprofen was coated by blend beeswax and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with various compositions (9:1, 8:2, 7:3, and 6:4) and concentration of gelatin (1%, 1.5%, and 2%) as an emulsifier. Efficiency of encapsulation performed in simulated intestinal medium pH 7.2. The highest value of ibuprofen encapsulation efficiencies was equal to 84.21% had been produced by microcapsules with ratio bees wax:PLA 6:4 and concentration of gelatin 2%. Release test of ibuprofen was performed by beeswax:PLA blend with ratio 8:2 and 6:4 produces the highest average percentage release about 15.31% and 19.25% at minute 225 in the same medium. The release pattern of ibuprofen had followed zero order kinetics model explaining that concentration of ibuprofen released relative constant for each release time. Observation of surface morphology of microcapsules using a scanning electron microscop (SEM) showed subtle bulges irregularly shaped scattered on its surface.
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Judul: Karakteristik Suara Song Burung Kenari (Serinus canaria) Postur Besar dan Kecil.
Abstrak: Burung kenari (Serinus canaria) memiliki nyanyian yang sangat bervariasi dengan durasi yang panjang dan merupakan tipe burung bernyanyi open learners. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik suara song burung kenari (Serinus canaria). Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2017 di Bogor, Jawa Barat. Perekaman suara song terhadap 12 ekor burung kenari jantan dilakukan dengan menggunakan mikrofon Sennheiser ME66 dan alat perekam Sony PCM-D50. Burung kenari yang digunakan merupakan burung yang pernah mengikuti kontes burung kicau dan memiliki predikat juara kontes burung. Amplitudo, durasi suara, frekuensi, dan volume suara burung dianalisis dengan menggunakan software Raven Pro 1.4. Data tersebut selanjutnya dianalisis deskriptif. Hasil analisis suara menunjukkan bahwa burung kenari memiliki banyak syllable, suara song rapat dan tidak terputus-putus, tempo yang cepat, dan adanya pengulangan suku kata pada setiap suara song. Burung kenari postur kecil memiliki rataan durasi lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan kenari postur besar, tetapi burung kenari besar memiliki rataan max amplitudo, average power, max power, min amplitudo, peak amplitudo, dan peak frekuensi.
Keyword: karakteristik suara (song), kenari, syllable