Judul: Evaluation of Anti-Diarrhea Effects of Indonesia Chamomile Infusion in Mice (Mus Musculus).
Abstrak: Chamomile telah banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional untuk mengatasi masalah saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui efek perlindungan ekstrak infusa chamomile (CIE) terhadap diare yang diinduksi minyak jarak pada mencit. Dalam penelitian ini, infus chamomile konsentrasi 50% memberikan efek anti diare terbaik. Efeknya secara bertahap turun saat konsentrasi meningkat menjadi 75% dan 100%. Diare adalah salah satu alasan kunjungan dokter hewan yang paling sering dan banyak patogen gastrointestinal menimbulkan risiko zoonosis pada manusia dan hewan. Aktivitas antidiare dievaluasi menggunakan metode diare yang diinduksi minyak jarak. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi lima kelompok: Kontrol positif (Castor oil-Loperamide (LOP)), kontrol negatif (Castor oil-tween 1%), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (Castor oil - CIE konsentrasi 100%,75% Dan 50%). Hewan secara oral diobati dengan CIE sebelum pemberian minyak jarak. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa CIE mampu memberikan perlindungan terhadap penumpukan cairan usus dan diare yang diinduksi oleh minyak jarak. Namun, pada metode transit intestinal menunjukan Penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa penggunaan ekstrak chamomile memiliki sifat antidiare yang kuat pada mencit yang membuktikan khasiat penggunaannya dalam pengobatan tradisional., Traditional medicine has made extensive use of chamomile to address digestive tract issues. The present work aims to investigate the protective effects of chamomile infusion extract (CIE) against castor oil-induced diarrhea in mice. In this research, 50% concentration chamomile infusion contribute to the best anti-diarrhea effect. The effect gradually goes down when concentration increase to 75% and 100%. Diarrhea is one of the most frequent reasons of veterinary visits and most of the gastrointestinal pathogens pose zoonotic risk to human and animals. The antidiarrheal activity was evaluated using the castor oil-induced diarrhea method. In this respect, mice were divided into five groups: control positive (Castor oil-Loperamide (LOP)), control negative (Castor oil-tween 1%), and (Castor oil- 100%, 75% and 50% doses of CIE respectively). Animals were orally pre-treated with CIE and followed by one-time administration of castor oil respectively. The evaluation of the effect will be carried out using protective intestinal and transit intestinal evaluation methods. The outcomes demonstrated that CIE exhibited a dose-dependent protection against intestinal fluid buildup and diarrhea caused by castor oil. However, the intestinal transit method demonstrates that CIE has a negligible impact on decreasing intestinal motility. These ﬁndings suggested that chamomile extract had potent antidiarrheal properties in mice conﬁrming their use in traditional medicine.
Keyword: anti diare, anti-diarrhea, chamomile, chamomile, infusion, mencit, mice, obat tradisional, traditional medicine

Judul: Effectiveness of Clove Leaves (Syzygium aromaticum) Infusion As Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Diare adalah penyakit gastrointestinal yang umum terjadi pada berbagai spesies hewan, dengan implikasi yang signifikan terhadap kesehatan dan produktivitas hewan. Penelitian ini menyelidiki khasiat infusa daun cengkeh sebagai agen antidiare pada mencit (Mus musculus). Sebanyak 30 ekor mencit dibagi menjadi lima kelompok, yaitu kontrol negatif, kontrol positif, konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 100%, 50%, dan 25%. Tahapan penelitian meliputi skrining fitokimia dan uji antidiare dengan methode proteksi intestinal. Mencit diberikan berbagai perlakuan secara oral berdasarkan pembagian kelompok pada metode proteksi usus dan dipantau selama 9 jam. Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode proteksi intestinal yakni frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, awal mula dan durasi diare. Analisis fitokimia menunjukkan adanya kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin, dan tanin pada ekstrak daun cengkeh. Uji ANOVA satu arah dan uji Tukey digunakan untuk menganalisis data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 25% dan 50% tidak efektif, sedangkan konsentrasi infusa daun cengkih 100% efektif sebagai antidiare pada mencit. Konsentrasi infusa daun cengkeh 100% terbukti efektif sebagai antidiare., Diarrhea is a prevalent gastrointestinal ailment affecting various animal species, with significant implications for animal health and productivity. This study investigates the efficacy of Clove leaves infusion as an antidiarrheal agent in mice (Mus musculus). A total of 30 mice were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, 100%, 50%, and 25% concentration of Clove leaves infusion. Intestinal protection methods and phytochemical screening test are used. Mice were orally administered various treatments based on group divisions in the intestinal protection method and monitored for 9 hours. The parameters used in the intestinal protection method are defecation frequency, stool consistency, and the onset and duration of diarrhea. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and tannins in the Clove leaves extract. ANOVA one-way test and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. The result showed that 25% and 50% concentration of Clove leaves infusion are not effective while 100% concentration of Clove leaves infusion is effective as antidiarrheal in the mice. 100% concentration of Clove leaves infusion has show the effectiveness as an antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, infusa, mencit, antidiarrheal, infusion, mice, daun cengkeh, Clove leaves

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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