Judul: The Marine Condition of Teluk Bontang: Approach of fish Immunology and Histology
Abstrak: The temperature represent one of the impertant factor in the marine anvironment especially to the fishis as poichilothermic animal. Many things can be done to see environmental. Using method have been used indicate the Changes of environmental condition such as immunological dan histological parameters. But of these indicators are relevant enough to see the ecological changes. Teluk Bontang as the research site devided into four station and 30 white fish (Leognathus splenedens) were collected and processed using immunological parameters such as erytrocyts numbers, percentage of hematocryt, leucocryt, hemoglobin and amount of glucose. The fish were subjected to amount of histological processed to see the changes of gill tisue, liver as well kidney. The fishis showed some increase erytrocyts numbers, percentage of hematocryt, leucocryt, hemoglobin and amount of glucose. Some changes in histological condition were observed like hemorrhagic, hypertropy and necrosa. All indicators showed that some environmental condition were observed due to thermal influence.
Keyword: Immunological, Fish, Environmental conditiopn, Water pollution

Judul: Peran Tepung Darah sebagai Fe Organik pada Pakan dalam Meningkatkan Imunitas Ikan Kerapu Bebek Cromileptes altivelis
Abstrak: The problem that was dealt in the grouper culture was the stress condition caused by the decrease of water quality (environmental stress). If this happen, amount of the pathogen bacteria in grouper will increase so will impact in decline of appetite and immunity response. The further problem was the limitations of the waste fish as main food the grouper. As the replacement, normally was used pelet. But, evidently the production of the fish-meal as the main raw material the compiler pelet that was expensive and continued the production reduction in the period for the last 10 years enabled to look for the alternative to the use of the fish-meal as the food raw material. Blood meal was one of the raw materials of the fish-meal of replacement food. Apart from having the content of high protein (89-92 %), blood meal also had the iron content that was high reached 2769 mg/kg. The iron content that was high could it was hoped increase the response of fish immunity if stress happening. Furthermore, the height of protein could it was hoped encourage the growth of the fish. The research was carried out in the month May-October 2009 took place in the Station Field Center of the Study of Knowledge of Fisheries Institut Pertanian Bogor (PSIK IPB) Ancol, North Jakarta. This research used the random plan complete (RAL) with five treatments and respectively the treatment used three tests. The amount of blood meal that was used was 0%, 9%, 12%, and 15%. Commercial food was used as the standard. The beginning weight in general the fish that was tested was 11,6 0.23 g. The maintenance was carried out for 40 days density 10 tails/litre and was given food 3 times a day in struck 07,00, 12,00, and 17,00 WIB in an at adsatiation (until the fish was full). After 40 maintenance days, the fish was taken totalling 3 tails to be carried out by the analysis proksimat and to count retention of protein and his fat. Further, was carried out by the test about towards the bacterial infection Vibrio algynolitycus to know the level of resistance of the fish body. Observation of the health of the fish was carried out through the taking of the sample of fish blood on the day 0, that is before the infection and on the 3rd day, on the 5th day, and on the 9th day after infection. For 40 treatment days with the use of blood meal to the fish, was received by results that were not different real towards the parameter of the amount of consumption of food, retention of protein, retention of fat, the growth rate of the daily, and food
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Judul: Manajemen Risiko Petani Kakao Menggunakan Opsi Amerika
Abstrak: Fluktuasi dan ketidakpastian harga yang dihadapi oleh petani kakao dapat menimbulkan kerugian atau minimnya keuntungan yang diperoleh petani. Sistem Resi Gudang (SRG) dapat memungkinkan petani menunda jual biji kakao dengan menyimpannya terlebih dahulu di gudang sampai jangka waktu tertentu. Selanjutnya, petani akan mendapatkan resi gudang sebagai dokumen bukti kepemilikan aset yang dapat dijadikan sebagai agunan. Optimalisasi manfaat dari penerapan SRG dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengintegrasikannya dengan opsi put tipe Amerika untuk meminimumkan risiko kerugian yang dialami oleh petani kakao. Opsi put tipe Amerika memungkinkan petani untuk menjual kakaonya kapan saja, yaitu sebelum atau pada saat waktu jatuh tempo. Nilai opsi dihitung menggunakan model binomial 12-langkah dengan asumsi harga kakao berubah setiap bulan untuk kontrak opsi put tipe Amerika berjangka satu tahun. Dari model ini didapatkan nilai opsi put tipe Amerika yang selanjutnya digunakan untuk menentukan seberapa besar keuntungan petani. Bentuk integrasi SRG dengan opsi put tipe Amerika memberikan kepastian bahwa kakao petani akan tetap terjual dan memperoleh keuntungan walaupun ada ketidakpastian harga.
Keyword: Model Binomial, opsi put tipe Amerika, resi gudang, Sistem Resi Gudang