Judul: Identifikasi Perbedaan Genetik dan Kandungan Senyawa Minyak Atsiri dari Kapulaga (Amomum cardamomum) Merah dan Putih
Abstrak: The genetic information of red and white cardamom can be developed to get the seeds as a medicine. The purpose of this study is to identify the differences in red and white cardamom. The differences matter in both types of cardamom are done by analysis of FTIR and GCMS of the essential oil content. RAPD results showed both cardamom have different molecular weights and they are polymorphic because it shows the diversity the fragments of DNA bands. Isolation of red cardamom essential oil has a greater yield (0.28%) than white cardamom (0.20%). FTIR results showed that both the cardamom plants found in the IR spectrum in the same range of wave numbers, so FTIR can not identify differences in red and white cardamom. GCMS to identify the difference between red and white cardamom. GCMS results indicate the presence of 17 compounds which only the red cardamom and 12 compounds were only owned by white cardamom.
Keyword: RAPD-PCR, GCMS, FTIR, cardamom’s essential oils

Judul: Total Phenolics, Flavonoids and Antioxidant Tests Variations in Extraction Methods and Solvents for Java Cardamom Fruit (Amomum compactum Sol. Ex Maton)
Abstrak: Metode dan pelarut ekstraksi dilaporkan mempengaruhi kadar senyawa metabolit sekunder dan aktivitas antioksidan buah kapulaga jawa. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh metode dan jenis pelarut ekstraksi terbaik filtrat buah kapulaga jawa (Amomum compactum) berdasarkan kadar total fenolik, flavonoid dan aktivitas antioksidan. Buah kapulaga jawa diekstraksi dengan metode konvesional Refluks dan metode modern yaitu Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) dan Continuous Shaking Extraction (CSE) dengan pelarut Etanol, Metanol, dan Akuades. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan metode ekstraksi MAE pelarut Akuades memperoleh hasil tertinggi pada kadar fenolik yaitu 1,33, Extraction methods and solvents were reported to influence the levels of secondary metabolite compounds and antioxidant activity of Javanese cardamom fruit. This study aimed to determine the effect of the best extraction method and type of solvent for Javanese cardamom (Amomum compactum) fruit filtrate based on total phenolic, flavonoid and antioxidant activity levels. Javanese cardamom fruit is extracted using the conventional Reflux method and modern methods, namely Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Continuous Shaking Extraction (CSE) with the solvents Ethanol, Methanol, and Aquades. The results showed that the MAE extraction method using Aquades solvent obtained the highest results in phenolic content, namely 1.33
Keyword: antioxidant, cardamom, methods, secondary metabolites, solvents

Judul: The Expected Value of the Queueing Length on the M/M/1 Queue Model Which Can be Repaired by Considering the Damage Level
Abstrak: Suatu antrean terjadi karena jumlah pelanggan yang datang melebihi jumlah fasilitas yang disediakan. Sistem dapat diandalkan saat server mungkin mengalami kegagalan atau kerusakan dan server dapat segera diperbaiki. Pada karya ilmiah ini, ditinjau sistem antrean M/M/1 yang dapat diperbaiki dengan mempertimbangkan tingkat kerusakan, dengan proses kedatangan pelanggan berdistribusi Poisson. Saat server mengalami kerusakan pada waktu kosong atau waktu sibuk, server segera menuju proses perbaikan. Setelah periode perbaikan selesai, server kembali dengan kondisi baru dan dapat melanjutkan sistem. Kemudian, dengan menyelesaikan persamaan diferensial untuk fungsi pembangkit peluang pada peluang steady-state, formulasi dari nilai harapan panjang antrean pada sistem dapat diperoleh. Simulasi numerik pengaruh parameter terhadap nilai harapan panjang antrean menunjukkan bahwa perubahan panjang antrean dan laju waktu perbaikan sensitif terhadap laju pelayanan, serta panjang antrean rata-rata dipengaruhi oleh laju tingkat kerusakan pada waktu sibuk dan laju waktu perbaikan., A queue occurs because the number of customers who come exceeds the number of provided facilities. The system can be relied on when the server may experience failure or damage, but it can be repaired immediately. In this manuscript, the M/M/1 queuing system that can be repaired by considering the level of damage is reviewed, where the customers arrival process is Poisson distributed. When the server crashes at an idle time or busy time, the server immediately goes to the repairing process. After the repairing process is over, the server returns with a new condition and the server’s operation can be continued. Furthermore, by solving the differential equation for the probability generating function at steady-state probability, the formulation of the expected value of the queue length in the system can be obtained. Numerical simulation of the effect of parameters on the expected value of queue length shows that changes in queue length and repairing time are sensitive to service rates, and the average queue lengths usually are affected by damage rates at busy times and repairing times rate.
Keyword: queue, probability generating function, expected value, repairable system