Judul: Competitiveness of the agricultural sector faced with free trade agreement ASEAN-China and its impact on rural economy in Indonesia
Abstrak: This study aimed to: (1) measure the competitiveness of the agricultural sector in supply side, and measure the contribution of various resources to the agricultural output in each of the ASEAN-5 countries and China, such as capital, labor, natural resources and technology; (2) measure export competitiveness of agricultural commodities ASEAN-5 and China in global market (3) measure the transmission of international prices of agricultural commodities to the domestic market in each countries, (4) analyze the impact of trade liberalization under ACFTA agreement framework to the macroeconomic of each country of ASEAN-5 and China as well as its impact on the rural economy in Indonesia and (5) analyze the impact of improved agricultural technologies, and transmission of international prices on the economy national and rural economy in Indonesia. Competitiveness of the supply side is analyzed based on the total factor productivity (TFP), while in the global market competitiveness based on revealed comparative adventage (RCA), index of market share, trade specialization index (ISP) and trade complementary index (IKP). Price transmission were analyzed by Revallion model, while the impact of ACFTA to each country's economy and the implications for rural economy in Indonesia were analyzed by static CGE models based on GTAP 8. The results showed that in all countries, except Singapore have the most of growth in agricultural output during 1961-2010 are from TFP, while Singapore comes from the capital. Agricultural TFP growth in China (1.97 percent) higher than the TFP ASEAN-5 (1.93 percent), but less than TFP Malaysia (3.40 percent) and Thailand (2.37 percent). Indonesia with agricultural TFP growth of 1.83 percent, indicating that Indonesia is less productive and less efficient in producing agricultural products than China, Malaysia and Thailand. China agricultural products also have larger market share in global market than ASEAN-5. Furthermore, the coefficient of transmission of international prices to domestic markets of each ASEAN-5 countries and China is small, but there are indications of short-term integration in most commodity crops in China and the long-term integration of plantation commodities in ASEAN-5. ACFTA generally have a positive impact on increasing the GDP in each ASEAN-5 countries, but Indonesia will get the smallest increase in GDP. ACFTA also increase people's consumption and sectoral output, but potentially lower government consumption and investment in each country. Liberalization, it also causes the trade deficit for most agricultural commodities Indonesia. Furthermore, it was found that the liberalization that accompanied an increase in agricultural TFP and price transmission in Indonesia will provide a greater positive impact of increased exports, private consumption and GDP, but the decline in government consumption and investment spending will also increase. Even this scenario is likely to reduce employment in the agricultural sector primary. Such scenarios also increase the income of all households in Indonesia, but farm households and rural households under the class get the smallest increase in revenue
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Judul: Impact of the ASEAN – China free trade agreement on the Indonesia’s economic performance, focusing on agriculture and forestry sectors: a long-run simulation analysis
Abstrak: ASEAN–China economic linkages are moving into a closer partnership. In November 2002, ASEAN and China agreed to establish an ASEAN–China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) in ten years. The formation of ACFTA would have economic implications for its member countries. The objectives of this study are to analyse the potential impacts of the ACFTA on Indonesia‟s macroeconomic variables and sectoral performances, and to evaluate policy options to improve economy competitiveness and in the same time reducing the negative effects of such re gional trade liberalization. Using a Computable General Equilibrium Model and database of GTAP version-6, long-run simulations under different policy scenarios were carried out to compute the impacts of ACFTA on Indonesia‟s economy performance, particularly on agriculture and forestry sector., Hubungan ASEAN–China memasuki babak baru yang lebih erat dengan ditandatanganinya kerangka kerjasama ekonomi secara komprehensif antara kedua belah pihak pada bulan November 2002. Melalui kerjasama ekonomi tersebut, kedua belah pihak sepakat membentuk kawasan perdagangan bebas (FTA) ASEAN–China dalam waktu sepuluh tahun mendatang. Pembentukan FTA ASEAN–China tersebut diperkirakan akan berdampak terhadap perekonomian negara-negara anggota. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis dampak potensial FTA ASEAN-China terhadap perubahan variabel makroekonomi dan kinerja sektor pertanian dan kehutanan di Indonesia, dan mengevaluasi beberapa alternatif kebijakan nasional guna meningkatkan daya saing ekonomi serta sekaligus mengurangi dampak negatif atas diberlakukannya FTA ASEAN-China. Model Keseimbangan Umum dan database GTAP versi-6 digunakan dalam simulasi berbagai skenario kebijakan untuk menghitung dampak dari FTA ASEAN–China terhadap kinerja ekonomi Indonesia, khususnya di sektor pertanian dan kehutanan.
Keyword: Regional Trade Arrangements, Computable General Equilibrium Model, ASEAN – China Free Trade Area (ACFTA), Kreasi dan Diversi Perdagangan, Trade Creation, Trade Diversion

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology