Judul: Food and Feeding Habits of Common Ponyfish, Leiognathus equula (Forsskal, 1775) Landed at PPN Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi,  West Java
Abstrak: Ikan pepetek (Leiognathus equula) merupakan salah satu ikan dominan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Informasi mengenai makanan dan kebiasaan makan sangat diperlukan dalam melakukan pengelolaan ikan pepetek. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis makanan dan kebiasaan makan ikan pepetek. Penelitian dilakukan selama enam bulan dimulai dari bulan September 2021 hingga Februari 2022. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari distribusi frekuensi panjang, faktor kondisi, indeks bagian terbesar, luas relung makanan, tumpang tindih makanan, dan biometrik terkait makanan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa ikan pepetek merupakan ikan karnivora dengan makanan utama berupa Crustacea. Ikan pepetek memiliki luas relung sebesar 0,1195 dengan tumpang tindih makanan antara ikan jantan dan betina sebesar 0,9485. Diameter mata relatif dan lebar bukaan mulut relatif ikan pepetek masing-masing sebesar 31,31% dan 30,57%. Faktor kondisi dan ISC tertinggi terdapat pada bulan November 2021 dan Februari 2022 dengan nilai 1,0081 dan 1,7086. Ikan pepetek termasuk ke dalam kelompok diurnal dan spesialis dalam memanfaatkan satu jenis makanan, Crustacea dengan proporsi yang cukup tinggi., Common ponyfish (Leiognathus equula) is one of the dominant fish in PPN Palabuhanratu. The information about food and feeding habits are needed in managing common ponyfish. This study aims to analyze the food and feeding habits of common ponyfish. The research was conducted for a period of six months from September 2021 to February 2022. The analysis used in this study consisted of length frequency distribution, condition factor, index of preponderence, niche breadth, niche overlap, and food-related biometrics. The results showed that the common ponyfish is a carnivorous fish with the main item of food was crustaceans. Common ponyfish has a niche area of 0.1195 with an overlap between male and female of 0.9485. Relative eye diameter and relative mouth opening width of common ponyfish were 31.31% and 30.57%. The highest condition factors and ISC were in November 2021 and February 2022 with values of 1.0081 and 1.7086. Common ponyfish belongs to diurnal group of fish and specialize in utilizing one type of food, crustaceans with a fairly high proportion.
Keyword: Common ponyfish, feeding habits, food, PPN Palabuhanratu

Judul: Reproductive Biology of Common Ponyfish Leiognathus equula (Forsskal, 1775) Landed at PPN Palabuhanratu, West Java
Abstrak: Penelitian mengenai aspek reproduksi ikan pepetek Leiognathus equula (Forsskal, 1775) penting dilakukan karena tingginya tekanan penangkapan dapat berdampak negatif terhadap keberlanjutan ikan pepetek . Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek biologi reproduksi ikan pepetek yang didaratkan di PPN Palabuhanratu. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan September 2021 sampai Februari 2022. Jumlah ikan contoh yang diamati sebanyak 459 ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola pertumbuhan ikan pepetek adalah allometrik negatif. Nisbah kelamin ikan pepetek jantan dan betina adalah 1:0,90, dengan jumlah ikan betina matang gonad lebih banyak dari jantan. Faktor kondisi ikan jantan dan betina ikan pepetek, yaitu 1,005. Ukuran pertama kali matang gonad ikan pepetek jantan dan betina adalah 163 mm 139 mm. Nilai IKG menunjukkan prediksi musim pemijahan pada bulan September-Oktober dan Januari-Februari. Nilai fekunditas ikan pepetek yang diamati berkisar 24.796–37.775 butir, dengan analisis diameter telur menunjukkan pola pemijahan ikan pepetek adalah total spawner., Research on the biological aspects of common ponyfish Leiognathus equula (Forsskal, 1775) is important because it is feared that the population of common ponyfish will decline in the future. This research aims to analyze the reproductive biology aspects of common ponyfish landed at PPN Palabuhanratu. The research was conducted from September 2021 to February 2022. The number of sample fish observed was 459 fish. The growth pattern of pepetek fish is negative allometric. Analysis of the sex ratio of male and female pepetek fish is 1: 0.90, with the number of gonadally mature female fish more than males. The average total condition factor of male and female pepetek fish is similar, which is 1,005. The size of the first mature gonads of male and female the common ponyfish was 163 mm 139 mm. IKG values indicate predicted spawning seasons in September-October and January-February. The observed fecundity value of the common ponyfish ranged from 24.796-37.775 grains, with egg diameter analysis showing the spawning pattern of pepetek fish is total spawner.
Keyword: common ponyfish, Palabuhanratu, reproductive biology

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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