Judul: Pengaruh Perlakuan Kimiawi dan Biologis terhadap Penyusutan Bahan, Kandungan Antitripsin, Lektin dan Nutrien Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)
Abstrak: The Jatropha curcas meal is by product of Jatropha curcas oil production and contain high amount of nutrient (56-68% protein). The problem in using of Jatropha curcas meal as feed is its antinutritive content and toxic compounds such as lectin (curcin) and trypsin inhibitor. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of chemical and biological methods in decreasing or eliminating antinutrient content and to know the change of nutrient content due to processing of Jatropha curcas meal. This research consisted of four treatments : P0 (control, non treated meal), P1 (methanol 90% extraction, with the proportion of meal and methanol was 1:4), P2 (fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae) and P3 (fermentation using Trichoderma viride). The parameters observed were weight loss, trypsin inhibitor, lectin activity and nutrient content. The data were analyzed with descriptive analysis. The results showed that chemical and biological treatments decreased the weight with the values P1 (3.18%), P2 (14.44%) and P3 (3.7%). The results showed that fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae was the most effective in decreasing the activity of trypsin inhibitor (67.95%). However, this treatment decreased protein content (9.39%), increased crude fiber (35.73%) and it did not influence lectin activity. The fermentation using Trichoderma viride was the most effective in degrading lectin activity with the value of 50% compared to the untreated meal. The conclusion of this experiment is that fermentation Jatropha curcas meal using Rhizopus oryzae could decrease the trypsin inhibitor up to 67.95% and the fermentation Jatropha curcas meal using Trichederma viride could decrease lectin activity up to 50%.
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Judul: Uji biologis bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dengan pengolahan ekstrak metanol dan fermentasi menggunakan Rhizopus oryzae serta Trichoderma viride pada ayam broiler
Abstrak: The utilization of Jatropha curcas meal as feedstuff is restricted by anti nutrients such as saponin, protease inhibitor, phytic acid and toxic substances like curcin and phorbolester contained in the Jatropha curcas meal. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the biological value of Jatropha curcas meal treated with methanol extraction and fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viride on broiler chickens. The biological test used twenty broiler chickens of four weeks of age and using after Sibbald method (1980). The treatments were P0 (Jatropha curcas meal without treatment), P1 (extracted Jatropha curcas meal using methanol), P2 (fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Rhizopus oryzae), and P3 (fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Trichoderma viride). Design of this study was completely randomized design, with four treatments and four replications. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and differences among treatments were further tested using Duncan Multiple Range test. The parameters observed were dry matter digestion, nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME), calcium and phosporus absorption. The P1, P2 and P3 treatments highly significantly (P<0.01) reduced the dry matter digestion, AME and phosphorus absorption. The treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced nitrogen retention, however its did not affect the calcium absorption. The values of dry matter digestion were 21.92% (P1), 8.88% (P2) and 21.88% (P3). The values of nitrogen retention were 36.39% (P1), 12.71% (P2) and 40.14% (P3). The values of apparent metabolizable energy were 1299.23 kcal/kg (P1), 1009.62 kcal/kg (P2) dan 1593.72 kcal/kg (P3). The values of calcium absorption were 41.04% (P1), 22,71% (P2) and 64.63% (P3). The values of absorptin phosphorus were -27.26% (P1), -95.4% (P2) and -3.94% (P3). These low values because of crude fiber contained in the treated Jatropha curcas meal. The conclusion of this experiment was Jatropha curcas meal as a single feedstuff of broiler chickens had low dry matter digestion, nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolizable Energy, calcium and phosporus absorption. The usage of treated Jatropha curcas meal should be mixed.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.