Judul: Kontribusi Sektor Kehutanan terhadap Pendapatan Daerah Kabupaten Ciamis
Abstrak: Forest is a countless gift to human kind. The forest potency gives magnificent advantages, both tangible and intangible. Thus far, forest management has caused conflicts between local government, local community, and the state government. Participation of local government and community is essential in arrangement of Forest management policy. But in fact, it did not ensue that has caused conflicts as mentioned above. Law No. 32 year of 2004 which has replaced Law No. 22 year of 1999 about Local government has bring new view and spirit in the local government organization, because the new law disclose the right and obligation of the local governments. UU No. 32 year of 2004 admits rights on aspirations management, society claims and needs, thus, it will influence resources growth for the whole society wealth. The goals of this research were to find out the local regulation entailed to local or district revenue, particularly at forestry sector; to find out forest product, especially wood, at Ciamis District and envisage the forestry sector contribution development to local district revenue. This research will be beneficial to local government of Ciamis district, BKSDA Ciamis and KPH Ciamis Perum Perhutani Unit III west Java and Banten in providing policies and strategies of Ciamis District development, especially at forestry sector. The research was conducted at Ciamis District local government, BKSDA Ciamis and KPH Ciamis Perum Perhutani Unit III, West Java and Banten, from June to July 2008. The data required for this research were collected through literatures study, survey with interview technique, and secondary data. Data analysis was initiated by selecting Ciamis district revenues that included in forestry sector, and then it was grouped into Original District Revenue (PAD) and Equilibrium Funds. Finally, data analysis was accomplished by evaluating each contribution to the Ciamis District revenue. The contribution of forestry sector at Ciamis District mainly classified into 5 sub sectors. The 5 sub sectors are wood forest product which concludes retribution of private forest product organization services and legalese of organization services permission for private forest product; non wood forest products which concludes taxes of swallow nest business, tourism services that are exhibition/enjoyment of natural scenery from BKSDA and Perum Perhutani; disturb ing permission that are retribution of disturbing permission of forest product industries and swallow nest business; and fines for activities delay at forestry sector. Meanwhile, forestry sector contribution at regional and national level were grouped into 2 sub sector, that are regional profit share of forest products flow, and national profit share of non-taxes/natural resources of provision forest resources. Forestry sector contributed 0,08-0,20% only to the Ciamis District revenue. This very low contribution was due to not all forest value is calculated. Forest values were counted at Ciamis District only wood forest product, non-wood forest product (swallow nest), and tourism services (economic value). Meanwhile, non-economics such as ecology value and social value were excluded. Local regulations of forestry sector at Ciamis district are Local Regulation of Ciamis District No. 19 year of 2004 about production and flow of private/community wood, Local regulation of Ciamis District No. 23 year of 2005
Keyword: District revenue, Local regulation, Forest sector

Judul: Kontribusi Hutan Rakyat terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Tani di Desa Bayasari, Kecamatan Jatinagara, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: The development of community forest is often just for agricultural support, so it is not the main concern and aimed at the development only for bare land or degraded land. As a result, community forest still do not provide the optimal revenue. The existence of an institutional has an important role in the community forest management. The objectives of this research was to determine the characteristics of community forest farmers, patterns and techniques of community forest management as well as to find out the contribution of community forest to household income in the Bayasari Village. The information were collected through interviews and literature study, then analyzed and presented in a descriptive method. The farmer groups in Bayasari Village do not give a big influence on community forest management as there are still many farmers who ignored their program of farmer groups. The analysis showed that the average contribution of community forest product is the largest than another farms products, that is 33.4%.
Keyword: contribution, community forest management, Farmer groups

Judul: Desain Instrumen Pengontrol Otomatis Pasteurisasi Susu
Abstrak: Pasteurisasi merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan ter- hadap susu segar sebelum disimpan pada suhu rendah atau langsung dikonsumsi. Caranya adalah dengan memanaskan sam- pai mencapai suhu minimal 62.8 atau 71.7 °C yang diperta- hankan tetap selama 1800 atau 15 detik. Kombinasi suhu dan waktu dapat dipilih sesuai dengan kemampuan alat. Makin tinggi suhu yang dipilih makin pendek waktunya. Melalui proses pasteurisasi, rasa dan aroma susu tidak berubah dan seluruh bakteri penyebab penyakit (bakteri pa- togen) musnah. Berdasarkan kombinasi suhu-waktu, pasterisasi susu di- bedakan atas tiga metoda, yaitu metoda waktu lama (long hold), temperatur tinggi waktu pendek (HTST) dan temperatur tinggi (UHT). Suhu pasteurisasi dengan metoda waktu lama minimal 62.8 °C yang dipertahankan tetap selama paling se- dikit 1800 detik. Sedang HTST suhu minimalnya adalah 71.7 °C dengan waktu 15 detik atau lebih lama. Pada UHT waktu yang diperlukan adalah dua detik atau lebih singkat dengan suhu 87.8 - 132.2 °C. Pemakaian kombinasi suhu-waktu yang melebih dari ke- tentuan minimalnya akan mempengaruhi rasa, aroma, komposisi ...
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