Judul: Eksploitasi terhadap Anak yang Bekerja di Indonesia
Abstrak: Forcing children to enter the labour force not only violates the rights of children, but also brings adverse effects to them. The presence of working children can’t be eliminated. Government can reduce the number of working children and protect them from exploitation. This study investigated the determinants of working children, the severity of exploitation of working children, and factors determining exploitation of working children. This study used data resulted from National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) 2011 and utilized logistic regression as the analytical tool. The result suggests that the most influential determinant of working children is child’s school participation. Children that do not attend school have of being a working children that is 10.370 times greater than that of children that do attend school. Based on the severity of exploitation, there are three provinces which are always of high value severity of exploitation, namely Jakarta, Banten and West Java. The most influential factor of exploitation measured by working hours and access to education is education level of household head. The lower the level of education of head of household, the greater chance the child to be exploited. As for the exploitation measured by wage, girls have a chance 2.357 times greater than that of boys to be exploited measured by wages.
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Judul: Dampak keterlibatan anak-anak dalam bekerja pada keluarga dan diri mereka : Studi perbandingan pada industri konveksi dan logam di Perkampungan Industri Kecil (PIK) Pulo Gadung, Kelurahan Penggilingan, Kecamatan Cakung, Jakarta Timur
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini : 1). Untuk mengetahui karak- teristik anak-anak yang terlibat dalam bekerja; 2). Untuk mengetahui keterlibatan anak-anak dalam bekerja dilihat dari jumlah jam kerja dan besar upah yang diterima; 3). Untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat keterli- batan anak-anak dalam bekerja dikaitkan dengan jenis industri dan status kerja. laporan Sebagian besar pekerja anak-anak berusia 11-14 tahun, berstatus kerja sebagai pemagang, putus sekolah sejak kelas 1-4 SD dengan alasan tidak ada biaya, keadaan ekono- mi rumahtangga orangtua tergolong miskin, tingkat pendi- dikan terakhir orangtua tidak tamat SD. Latar belakang kondisi ekonomi orangtua yang kurang mampu tersebut, yang menimbulkan motivasi mereka untuk bekerja. Pekerja anak-anak lebih tereksploitasi dibandingkan dengan pekerja dewasa. Hal ini terlihat dari upah rata- rata yang diterima pekerja anak-anak lebih rendah...
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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