Judul: Dampak keterbukaan perdagangan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di negara-negara Asean+3
Abstrak: Openness increases the integration of world goods and capital markets, contributing to potential gains in growth and welfare. Openness promotes the efficient allocation of resources through comparative advantage, allows the dissemination of knowledge and technological progress, and encourages competition in domestic and international markets. This study examines the impact of trade openness on economic growth in ASEAN+3 countries over the period of 1999-2008. This study then presents cross-country, panel data evidence on how the growth effect of openness may depend on a variety of structural characteristics. For this purpose, the empirical section used regression that interacts a proxy of trade openness with foreign direct investment, financial depth, inflation, public infrastructure, educational level, technological progress, and number of employment. The study found that trade openness have a positive impact on economic growth in this region over this period, specially in developed contries group i.e. Singapore, Japan, and South Korea. This positive impact can be significantly improved if some complementary reforms are undertaken.
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Judul: The Impact of Trade Openness on Income Inequality in ASEAN Countries
Abstrak: Keterbukaan perdagangan berkontribusi untuk memperbesar ukuran pasar dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Namun, adanya keterbukaan perdagangan juga mampu memberikan pengaruh terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan suatu wilayah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak keterbukaan perdagangan dan variabel lainnya terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan dengan menggunakan analisis data panel pada 9 negara di ASEAN selama periode 2012-2021. Hasil estimasi menunjukkan bahwa keterbukaan perdagangan dan Indeks Pembangunan Manusia (IPM) secara signifikan menurunkan ketimpangan pendapatan di wilayah ASEAN. Sedangkan economic growth dan pengangguran berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan ketimpangan pendapatan di wilayah ASEAN. Diketahui pula Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), government expenditure, dan inflasi tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan.
Keyword: ASEAN, Data Panel, Keterbukaan Perdagangan, Ketimpangan Pendapatan

Judul: Studi Taksonomi Katak Subgenus Papurana (Lesson, 1831) dari Halmahera (Anura, Ranidae, Hylarana), Studi Taksonomi Katak Subgenus Papurana (Lesson, 1831) dari Halmahera (Anura, Ranidae, Hylarana
Abstrak: I reevaluated taxonomic of subgenus Papurana position from Halmahera based on morphological and molecular analyses. My results show that two separate species occur on the Halmahera Island, each nested within two distinct clades (hereafter papua clade and celebensis clade), one of which corresponds to H. moluccana (celebensis clade) and the other to an unidentified species (papua clade). By p-distance ranging from 6.9 to 11.5% on the 16S rRNA gene, the unidentified species (Hylarana sp.) is genetically different from all congeners of the papua clade. The Hylarana sp. can be distinguished from all congeners by following combination of charactes: vomer teeth in two oblique rows with narrow inter-vomer distance; snout rounded dorsally; dorsum with few scattered cone-shaped tubercles that are black with white tips; distinct skin folds (ridges) on the dorsal side of the thigh coinciding with dark brown cross bars; a marbled pattern on the ventral side of the thigh and yellowish groin. I also present new data for H. daemeli, H. volkerjane, and H. arfaki from the western region of Papua. Furthermore, I found that H. celebensis has numerous mtDNA lineages, indicating cryptic diversity within the celebensis clade. The discovery of two separate species on Halmahera necessitates more research into the biogeographic history of Hylarana in Northern Moluccas.
Keyword: frog, Halmahera, Hylarana, morphology, Papurana, phylogenetic