Judul: Identifikasi dan Pencirian Isolat Bakteri Pendegradasi Hidrokarbon
Abstrak: Biodegradation with bioremediation method is performed by utilizing bacteria that can survive in contaminated soil and shows metabolic capabilities towards pollutants as carbon sources. Identification and characterization are needed to determine the genera name of the bacterial isolates. Conventional methods is commonly used, that is by observing the morphological and physiological properties as well as the biochemical activities. This research was aimed to identify and characterize several hydrocarbondegrading bacteria already isolated from the soil contaminated with petroleum waste. Identification were performed at 20, 30, and 37 °C in a mineral-enriched medium. Identification consisted of 4 steps, namely regeneration of bacterial isolates; morphology test of isolates grown in petri dish for 24 hours, including the form, edge, color, and surface of the colony; physiology test of isolates, including simple coloring, Gram coloring , spore and capsule staining; and biochemical activity test including carbohydrate fermentation test, hydrolysis test (starch, fat, casein, and gelatin), IMViC analysis, oxidase-catalase test, motility, hydrogen sulfide and nitrate reduction analysis. The identification and characterization results were compared with guidance in Bergey's Manual Determinative of Bacteriology and showed that isolate coded MY 1, MY 3, MY 6, MY 8, MY 9, and MY FLR were Bacillus genera, MY 10 and MY 11 were Enterobacter group, and isolate MY12 was Pseuodomonas sp.
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Judul: Degradation of Petroleum Hydrocarbon on Petroleum – Polluted Soil by A10 and D8 Isolates.
Abstrak: Petroleum pollution could come from spilled oil during drilling, production, refining, and transportation activities. One way to overcome petroleum pollution is by bioremediation method. Bioremediation is a natural environment recovery that utilize microorganism activity to degrade hazardous organic compounds to other compounds like carbondioxide, water, biomass, and side products that are simpler than the original compounds. This research used exogenous bacteria isolates of A10 and D8 as subjects of the process. These isolates applied on 5% (w/w) crude oil contaminated soil. Crude oil hydrocarbon residue was measured using gravimetric method. During five weeks, D8 isolate was able to decrease crude oil contaminant up to 92.30% and A10 isolate up to 60.23%. The gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry analysis showed that A10 and D8 isolates degraded crude oil by changing the oil compounds become shorter chains.
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Judul: Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Impor Kopi oleh Jepang.
Abstrak: Jepang merupakan negara dengan tingkat konsumsi kopi keempat tertinggi di dunia. Volume impor kopi Jepang pada tahun 2019 mencapai 470 ribu ton. Indonesia merupakan salah satu negara eksportir kopi terbesar ke Jepang, namun dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir mengalami penurunan volume ekspor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kondisi pasar kopi Jepang serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi impor kopi oleh Jepang. Penelitian menggunakan data panel periode 2005-2018 dari sepuluh negara. Variabel independen yang digunakan berupa GDP riil per kapita Jepang, nilai tukar dolar AS terhadap yen Jepang, total konsumsi kopi Jepang, dan harga impor kopi oleh Jepang. Metode kuantitatif menggunakan analisis regresi, sedangkan metode kualitatif menggunakan analisis deskriptif. Mayoritas konsumen kopi di Jepang memiliki rentang umur 40-59, dengan jenis kopi yang disukai adalah kopi instan, dan dikonsumsi di rumah. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa nilai tukar dolar AS terhadap yen Jepang berpengaruh signifikan dan memiliki hubungan negatif terhadap permintaan impor kopi oleh Jepang.
Keyword: Coffee market, import demand, Japan, panel data