Judul: Kaji banding dua teknik pengemasan menggunakan tiga pengencer untuk pembekuan semen sapi FH(Frisien Holstein)
Abstrak: Ollaran Persentase sperma motil (% SM) dan sperma hidup (% SH) pasca thawing digunakan sebagai kriteria penilaian keberhasilan pembekuan semen sapi FH (Frisien Holstein) menggunakan tiga macam pengencer dan dua kemasan yang berbeda. Lima belas ejakulat dari tiga ekor sapi FH dibekukan menggunakan tiga macam pengencer, tris kuning telur (TKT), home made triladyl (HMT) dan androMed, pengencer yang mengandung lesitin kacang kedelai (KK), masing- masing dikemas dalam minitub 0.3 mL and straw Cassou 0.25 mL. Sampel di ekuilibrasi selama empat jam pada temperatur 5°C kemudian dibekukan dalam uap nitrogen cair selama 10 menit. Hasil pasca thawing menunjukkan %SM dan %SH pada pengencer KK (56.28; 74.22) lebih tinggi (P<0.05) dibandingkan HMT (47.60; 65.93) dan TKT (48.74; 69.63). Tidak ada perbedaan kualitas pada teknik pengemasan dengan SM dan SH masing-masing adalah 52.16; 69.4% (minitub) dan 49.59; 70.44% (Cassou). Persentase SH pada KK minitub (72.76±10.83) dan KK Cassou (75.67±8.1) menunjukkan hasil yang sama lebih baik dibandingkan kombinasi lainnya. Persentase SM pada KK minitub (57.9±7.81) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan KK Cassou atau kombinasi lainnya.
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Judul: Recovery Rate dan Longivitas Pasca Thawing Semen Beku Sapi FH (Friesian holstein) menggunakan berbagai Bahan Pengencer
Abstrak: Inseminasi buatan (IB) adalah pernasukan sel-sel kelamin jantan ke dalarn saluran kelamin betina rnenggunakan alat-alat buatan rnanusia. Salah satu faktor yang rnenentukan keberhasilan IB adalah kualitas semen yang digunakan (Webb 2004). Untuk mempertahankan daya hidup spermatozoa in vitro dan mengoptimalkan semen pada saat IB dibutuhkan bahan pengencer yang baik. Seperti diketahui bahwa jenis pengencer semen sangat bervariasi dan masingmasing memilki keistimewaan (Paulenz et al. 2002). Dengan adanya berbagai jenis bahan pengencer, maka pertanyaan yang selalu muncul adalah pengencer semen manakah yang paling baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kualitas berbagai bahan pengencer antara tris raffinosa endapan (TS), tris fruktosa kuning telur (TF) dan pengencer komersil lecithin kacang kedelai (A) terhadap longivitas dan pemulihan spermatozoa setelah pembekuan (recovery rate). Semen dikoleksi dari tiga ekor sapi Friesian holstein (FH) jantan sebanyak 18 ejakulat menggunakan vagina buatan. Ejakulat tersebut dievaluasi dan diencerkan dengan pengencer TS, TF dan A. Kemudian semen dikemas menggunakan straw minitub dengan konsentrasi 25 juta sel spermatozoa/0.3 ml. Straw diekuilibrasi pada suhu 4 °C, kemudian dibekukan dalam uap N2 cair selama 15 menit dan disimpan dalam kontainer nitrogen cair (-196 °C). Setelah 24 jam penyimpanan, semen dithawing pada suhu 37 °C selama 30 detik, kemudian semen diinkubasi dalarn water bath (37 °C) selama 9 jam untuk mengevaluasi longivitas dan recovery rate (RR). V ariabel kualitas yang diamati adalah sperma motil pasca thawing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan longivitas spermatozoa pasca thawing pada bahan pengencer A (6 jam) sangat berbeda nyata lebih lama dibandingkan kedua pengencer yang lain (P<0.0 1 ), sedangkan antara pengencer TF dan TS memiliki longivitas yang tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05). Recovery rate spermatozoa pada pengencer A ( 69.56% ) lebih tinggi dari pada pengencer TS ( 63.48%) dan TF (59.40%). Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengencer A mempunyai longivitas dan RR terbaik dibandingkan pengencer TS dan TF pada semen beku sapi FH.
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Judul: Model Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Perkotaan Berdasarkan Geografi Ekonomi
Abstrak: In economic activity, economic growth means increasing production of goods and services. Economic geography is economic system with respect to spatial dimension. Rapid economic development and structural changes such as rents, residential area, and transportation systems are indicators of progressivity of a country and its economics. A country is said to progress when the production rate of goods and services are increasing, then the volume of goods and services produced are also increasing from time to time. Neoclassical theory of economic growth depends on the increased the supply of factors of production and the rate of technological progress. The production factors are labor and capital. Domar in 1948 stated that production output is a function of capital. As a result, labor is always combined with capital on fixed proportion. Solow in 1956 added labour as one of the variables of production function. This study aims to examine the dynamics of urban growth model based on economic geography, i.e. study of the economic system based on the location and geographical conditions. The urban economic growth model considers the urban area to be divided into two areas, namely residential area and central business district. Urban area is assumed to have centralized workforce and multi sector economic system. The main economic activity in the central business district is production. On the other hand, consumption and saving activities are carried out in the residential area. More over people need to travel from residential area to the business district in their economic activities. This study will also examine the equilibrium solutions of the model and then give simulation on the model. The results of theoretical study show that the dynamic system of urban economic growth model is formulated in the form of linear system of first order differential equations. The variables which determine economic growth are the accumulation of capital and labor inputs. The equilibrium of these variables can be determined. Capital accumulation shows a pattern that follows an exponential function. Simulation study give the following results. The characteristics of urban economic growth are confirmed by the fact that when the elasticity of the urban industrial sector capital increases, then production output of the two sectors, both industrial and service sector, are increased. The industrial production increases sharply, while the service sector production output is relatively stagnant and then increased with a slower rate compared to the industrial sector. Increased elasticity of capital in industrial sector also tends to increase the income of urban residents, the labor wages, and the capital of both sectors. However, housing consumption tends to fall with increases in industrial sector capital elasticity. Furthermore, simulation results demonstrate the spatial and temporal changes in urban land rental values tend to decrease with increasing distance from the central business district and increasing time. Highest land rent is in a location that has the shortest distance to the central business district. The simulations also show increase in consumption following the increase in distance from the central business district. This suggests that the further away from the business district, the more people who rent or buy housing.
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