Judul: Comparative Analysis of the Environmental Economic Impact of Using Combine Harvester and Power Thresher Machines on Rice Commodities (Case Study: Dagangan District Madiun)
Abstrak: Kecamatan Dagangan berada di wilayah Kabupaten Madiun bagian selatan yang memiliki luas lahan panen sebesar 5.691 hektar pada tahun 2017 dengan produksi sebesar 36.010,25 ton per tahun, namun di tahun 2018 dengan luas lahan yang hampir sama, produksi padi di Kecamatan Dagangan menurun. Upaya peningkatan hasil panen telah dilakukan salah satunya dengan penggunaan alsintan combine harvester dan power thresher. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi produktivitas, megestimasikan nilai ekonomi, serta membandingkan nilai ekonomi produksi padi antara petani pengguna mesin combine harvester dan power thresher yang ada di Kecamatan Dagangan Madiun. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kuantitatif dan kualitatif. Analisis kuantitatif digunakan untuk menganalisis produktivitas, pendapatan usahatani padi dengan alat analisis Microsoft Excel 2019 dan STATA 17. Hasilnya rata-rata produktivitas padi pengguna combine harvester sebesar 6,88 lebih tinggi dibandingkan pengguna power thresher dengan produktivitas 6,63 ton per hektar lahan. Hasil emisi karbon dari aktivitas pemanenan menggunakan combine harvester sebesar 71,77 kgCO2-e dan power thresher sebesar 18,10 kgCO2-e per hektar per musim. Nilai R/C rasio atas biaya tunai maupun non tunai untuk kedua pengguna alat panen menunjukkan nilai lebih dari 1. Hasil uji independent t-test menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pendapatan usahatani dari lahan garapan masing-masing petani., Dagangan District is in the southern part of Madiun Regency which has a harvested land area of 5,691 hectares in 2017 with a production of 36,010.25 tons per year, but in 2018 with almost the same land area, rice production in Dagangan District decreased. Efforts to increase yields have been made, one of which is the use of combine harvester and power thresher. This study aims to identify productivity, estimate economic value, and compare the economic value of rice production between farmers using combine harvester and power thresher machines in Dagangan District Madiun, The analysis method used is quantitative and qualitative descriptive analysis. Quantitative analysis was used to analyze productivity, rice farming income with Microsoft Excel 2019 and STATA 17 analysis tools. The results showed that the average productivity of combine harvester users was 6.88 higher than power thresher users with a productivity of 6.63 tons per hectare of land. Carbon emission results from harvesting activities using combine harvester amounted to 71.77 kgCO2-e and power thresher amounted to 18.10 kgCO2-e per hectare per season. The R/C ratio value of cash and non-cash costs for both harvesting equipment users showed a value of more than 1. The results of the independent t-test showed that there were differences in farm income from the cultivated land of each farmer.
Keyword: emisi, pemanenan, produktivitas, R/C rasio

Judul: Performance and Economics Test of Rice Combine Harvester in Innovation Village, Subang, West Java
Abstrak: Penanganan padi siap panen merupakan salah satu kunci untuk meningkatkan perolehan hasil dari kemungkinan pengurangan nilai susut. Proses pemanenan padi di Indonesia banyak dilakukan secara manual dengan cara dipotong dengan menggunakan sabit dan perontokan dengan cara digebot yang berdampak pada susut yang tinggi. Penggunaan alat dalam memanen padi seperti combine harvester sudah banyak ditemukan karena memiliki susut yang relatif kecil, namun kalah bersaing karena stigma akan biaya operasional yang terlalu mahal yang akan berdampak pada pendapatan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis aspek kinerja dan ekonomi dari penggunaan combine harvester sebagai alat bantu proses pemanenan padi; membandingkan hasil analisis pemanenan padi menggunakan combine harvester dengan cara manual; serta menganalisis kelayakan usaha mesin combine harvester di Kampung Inovasi Subang, Desa Kiarasari, Kecamatan Compreng, Kabupaten Subang. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mengamati beberapa variabel dalam pemanenan secara manual dan pemanenan dengan menggunakan combine harvester. Variabel yang diamati berupa variabel kinerja berupa kapasitas lapang efektif (KLE) dan kapasitas lapang teoritis (KLT) pemanenan secara mekanis (ha/jam), KLE dan KLT pemanenan secara manual, efisiensi lapang pemanenan (ELP) (%), susut panen (%), dan variabel ekonomi berupa biaya pokok pemanenan (Rp/ha). KLE pemotongan dengan sabit memiliki nilai rata-rata sebesar 0,018 ha/jam/orang dan efisiensi pemotongan sebesar 77% sedangkan KLE menggunakan combine harvester sebesar 0,5047 ha/jam dan efisiensi pemotongannya sebesar 82,28%. Susut hasil pemotongan padi menggunakan sabit sebesar 7,50% dengan susut perontokannya sebesar 0,086% sehingga total susut sebesar 7,59%, sementara susut total pemanenan menggunakan combine harvester sebesar 0,067%. Biaya total pemanenan dengan metode manual (sabit + power thresher) sebesar Rp 3.531.577,00 /ha, sedangkan biaya total yang dengan combine harvester sebesar Rp 1.857.143,00 /ha., Handling ready-to-harvest rice is one of the keys to increasing yield gain from possible reduction in value of losses. The process of harvesting rice in Indonesia is mostly done manually by cut using a sickle and threshing with digebot which has an impact on high shrinkage. The use of tools in harvesting rice such as a combine harvester has been widely found because it has a relatively small shrinkage, but it is less competitive because of the stigma of operational costs that are too expensive which will have an impact on farmers' income. This study aims to analyse the performance and economic aspects of using a combine harvester as a tool for rice harvesting; compare the results of rice harvesting analysis using a combine harvester with the manual method; and analyse the business feasibility of combine harvester machines in Subang Kampung Inovasi, Kiarasari Village, Compreng Subdistrict, Subang Regency. The research was conducted by observing several variables in manual harvesting and harvesting using a combine harvester. The variables observed were performance variables in the form of effective field capacity (KLE) and theoretical field capacity (KLT) of mechanical harvesting (ha/h), KLE and KLT of manual harvesting, harvesting field efficiency (ELP) (%), harvest shrinkage (%), and economic variables in the form of cost of harvesting (Rp/ha). The ELP of cutting with sickle has an average value of 0,018 ha/hour/person and cutting efficiency of 77% while the ELP using combine harvester is 0,5047 ha/hour and the cutting efficiency is 82,28%. The shrinkage of rice
Keyword: biaya operasional, combine harvester, panen padi, produktivitas, susut, operational cost, productivity, rice harvesting, shrinkage

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
Keyword: