Judul: Hematological Profile of Mice (Mus musculus) Postinjection Intraperitoneal of Busulfan as Animal Model of Infertility
Abstrak: Busulfan dapat digunakan pada mencit untuk pembuatan hewan model infertilitas karena memiliki kemampuan membunuh spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Busulfan juga memiliki potensi menyerang sel prekursor penghasil sel darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efek injeksi busulfan melalui rute intraperitoneal (IP) terhadap profil hematologi mencit. Mencit dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol tanpa injeksi busulfan dan kelompok yang diberi injeksi busulfan secara IP dengan dosis 40 mg/kgBB. Pengambilan sampel darah dilakukan pada minggu ke-0 (kontrol), ke-2, ke-4, dan ke-6 pascainjeksi dan darah dianalisis menggunakan hemoanalyzer. Hasil menunjukkan injeksi busulfan secara IP menyebabkan penurunan secara nyata pada semua profil eritrogram, leukogram, dan trombositogram pada minggu ke-2 dan kembali normal pada minggu ke-4, kecuali pada parameter limfosit yang mengalami penurunan dari minggu ke-2 hingga minggu ke-6. Indeks eritrosit pascainjeksi busulfan menunjukkan kondisi anemia aplastik. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa injeksi busulfan intraperitoneal menyebabkan penurunan profil hematologi secara reversible kecuali limfosit yang mengalami penurunan yang bersifat irreversible hingga minggu ke-6 penelitian., Busulfan can be used in mice to create animal models of infertility because it has the ability to kill spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). Busulfan also has the potential to attack precursor cells which produces blood cells. This study aims to analyze the negative effects of busulfan injection via the intraperitoneal (IP) route on the hematological profile of mice. Mice were divided into control groups without busulfan injection and groups given busulfan injection by IP at a dose of 40 mg/kgBB. Blood samples were taken at week 0 (control), 2, 4, and 6 post injection and blood was analyzed using hemoanalyzer. The results showed that IP injection of busulfan caused a significant decrease in all erythrogram, leukogram, and thrombocytogram profiles at week 2 and returned to normal at week 4, except for lymphocyte parameters which decreased from week 2 to week 6. The erythrocyte index after busulfan injection showed aplastic anemia. It can be concluded that intraperitoneal injection of busulfan caused a reversible decrease in hematological profile except for lymphocytes which experienced an irreversible decrease until week 6 of the study.
Keyword: Busulfan, Hematologi, Injeksi Intraperitoneal, Limfopenia, Mencit

Judul: Fertility Evaluation after Intraperitoneal Busulfan Injection on Mice (Mus musculus) as Infertility Animal Model
Abstrak: Kajian mengenai penanganan infertilitas masih belum banyak dilakukan akibat keterbatasan jumlah dan jenis hewan model infertilitas. Pembuatan hewan model infertilitas dapat dilakukan dengan induksi busulfan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pengaruh busulfan terhadap testis dan kualitas spermatozoa kauda epididimis pada kelompok mencit dalam pembuatan hewan model infertilitas. Sebanyak 16 ekor mencit jantan dibagi ke dalam empat kelompok perlakuan waktu (kontrol, IP-2, IP-4, dan IP-6). Mencit diinjeksikan dengan busulfan melalui rute intraperitoneal dengan dosis 40 mg/kg, kecuali kelompok kontrol (tanpa perlakuan). Testis dan suspensi spermatozoa kauda epididimis. dikoleksi pada minggu ke-0 (kontrol), 2 (IP-2), 4 (IP-4), dan 6 (IP-6) setelah injeksi busulfan. Konsentrasi, motilitas, viabilitas, dan abnormalitas dievaluasi, kemudian hasil pemeriksaan diolah menggunakan metode Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Busulfan menurunkan (p<0,05) bobot testis pada IP-2 dan IP4. Motilitas dan konsentrasi spermatozoa menurun signifikan pada IP-6, sedangkan viabilitas menurun signifikan pada IP-4. Busulfan tidak memengaruhi abnormalitas spermatozoa secara nyata. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa busulfan memengaruhi bobot testis dan kualitas spermatozoa pada waktu yang berbeda., Studies on infertility treatment are still not widely carried out due to the lack of number and type of animal models. Animal models of infertility can be created by using busulfan. This study aims to determine the effect of busulfan on the testis and quality of cauda epididimal spermatozoa in mice. Sixteen male mice were divided into four groups (control, IP-2, IP-4, and IP-6). Mice from IP groups were injected intraperitoneally with busulfan at a dose of 40 mg/kg, except control group. Testes and cauda epididymal sperm collected at week 0 (control), 2 (IP-2), 4 (IP-4), and 6 (IP-6) after busulfan injection. The sperm concentration, motility, viability, and abnormality were evaluated and the examination results were analysed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and further with Duncan's test. Injection of busulfan significantly reduced testicular weight (p<0.05) in the IP-2 and IP-4 groups. Sperm motility and concentration decreased significantly in the IP-6 group, while viability decreased significantly in IP-4 group. Busulfan does not affect sperm abnormality in all groups. In conclusion, busulfan affects testicular weight and sperm quality at different times.
Keyword: sperm quality, animal model, busulfan, infertility, intraperitoneal

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
Keyword: