Judul: The Influences of VesicularArbuseular Mycorrhizas (VAM) (Glomus sp, Gigaspora sp. and Acaulospora sp.) Mixing Culture to Leucaene leucocephala Growth in Zeolit Media with Different Level of Salinity.
Abstrak: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas (VAM) is a root infected fungi but did not damage the host plant. Mycorrhiza can be detected by hyphae that infected root. Mycorrbiza has important roles in plant growth. VAM is very effective in absorption of organic substance including macro and micro nutrient and improve plant immunity from pathogenic microorganism. The present study was undertaken to investigate maximum salinity level to mycorrhiza isolate and to find out the best isolate mixing culture. Leucaena leucocephala that one of feed source was used as a host plant.
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Judul: Penggunaan Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs) dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) Untuk Meningkatkan Perturnbuhan Semai Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.)
Abstrak: Introduction. High rate of forest degradation in Indonesia causes reduction of forest area and increase of critical land area. In the efforts to reduce the impacts from such forest damage. land and forest rehabilitation is conducted. However, the main constraint for the success of rehabilitation is the retarded growth of planting stocks (seedlings) and low survival rate of the seedlings. For overcoming such problem, good quality seedlings, which could survive in marginal lands are required. For obtaining good quality seedlings which have high survival rate in the field, there is a need for sufficient input of nutrients through fertilizer application. The applied fertilizer should be environmentally friendly. The use of soil microbe technology, namely the use of mycorrhiza is an appropriate solution and has been proven to be able to increase plant growth. One of the mycorrhizal fungi which can be used as biofertilizer is AMF (Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi). Symbioses between fungi and plant roots often suffer some constraints in the field. Therefore, there is a need for microorganism which could give positive effects for improving such cooperation. Such organism is bacteria species which is known as Mycorrhizal Helper Bacteria (MHBs). MHBs is a specific bacteria which is able to have symbioses with AMF and is able to stimulate the development of AMF. The application of MHBs and AMF on mindi is expected to be able to increase the growth and quality of mindi seedlings. Methodology. A completely randomized design two factors (Micorrhizal and Bacteria) was employed to examine the effect of mycorrhizal and bacteria on the plant growth. The parameter observed were: mycorrhiza infection percentage, height, diameter, shoot biomass, root biomass, shoot - root ratio and Index of Seedling Quality (1MB). Results and conclusion. Isolate of bacteria BGG02 which was combined with AMF Gigaspora sp (M2) gave the highest increase in mycorrhiza infection percentage, namely 58.3% as compared to mycorrhiza treatment without bacteria. Isolate BGG03 was more effective in increasing the mycorrhiza infection percentage if combined with Glomus sp (M1), namely 18.8%, whereas application of isolates BGG01 and BGG04 increased the percentage of mycorrhiza infection 1.8% when combined with mixture of AMF Glomus sp and Gigaspora sp (M1 M2). Application of bacteria, AMF or combination of them, gave positive effects toward mindi growth. Combination of isolate BGG01 and AMF Gigaspora sp (M2B1) gave the best respond toward parameters of height, diameter, root biomass, shoot biomass and Index of Seedling Quality (1MB), with increase value of respectively 352.7%, 4.8%, 2809.7%, 4545.7% and 488.3% as compared to control. In general, during the application of AMF, application of Gigaspora sp (M2) gave the greatest positive effect toward mindi growth as compared with application of other AMF, namely Glomus sp (M1) and mixture of Glomus sp and Gigaspora sp (M1 M2).
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Judul: Pendeteksian pencilan dalam deret waktu menggunakan diagram kotak garis
Abstrak: Dalam peneltian ini dicoba mendeteksi adanya pencilan dengan menggunakan diagram kotak garis. Simulasi dilakukan dengan memunculkan pencilan dalam deret melalui peubah acak pembangkitnya. Simulasi ini dilakukan untuk deret non-musiman yaitu model AR(1), MA(1), ARMA(1,1), dan pada deret musiman yaitu model AR(1) 12, MA(1)12, dan ARMA(1,1)12. Ukuran contoh yang digunakan adalah 100 titik waktu dengan koefisien model yaitu -0.61 dan 6-0.34, keduanya dibangkitkan secara acak. Untuk deret non-musiman model AR(1) dan MA(1), melalui peubah acak pembangkitnya pemunculan pencilan pada deret dapat dideteksi dengan diagram kotak garis pada titik yang dimaksud. Sedang untuk ARMA(1,1) posisi pencilan yang terdeteksi pada deret bergeser satu titik sebelum titik yang dimaksud. Dari deret non-musiman ini terjadi kekonsistenan hasil sehingga dapat dikatakan diagram kotak dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi pencilan yang disimulasikan. Pencilan dalam deret dan pencilan dalam peubah acaknya maka ada dua jenis pencilan yang diperoleh. Jenis pertama adalah pencilan yang dideteksi pada deretnya tapi tidak terdeteksi pada peubah acaknya. Jenis kedua adalah pencilan yang terdeteksi pada peubuh acaknya namun tidak terdeteksi pada deretnya. Deret musiman memberikan hasil yang tidak konsisten, kecuali untuk model MA(1)12 dimana pencilan terdeteksi pada satu periode siklus sebelum titik yang dimaksud. Untuk melihat kemampuan diagram kotak garis ini prosedur pendeteksian dilakukan pada data Harga Rata-rata Bulanan Lada Putih (Muntok) di Pusat Perdagangan Singapura. Data aktual ini melalui proses stasionerisasi, standardisasi, spesifikasi, dan diagnostik. Setelah itu dilakukan pemeriksaan pencilan menggunakan diagram kotak garis terhadap deret dan peubah acak sissaannya. Pencilan yang dicurigai adalah gabungan dari pencilan yang diperoleh keduanya Hasil pemeriksaan pencilan terhadap data aktual tersebut memiliki hasil yang sama dengan hasil yang diperoleh dengan metode pendeteksian pencilan dalam deret waktu menggunakan matriks fungsi pengaruh yang dikembangkan oleh Chernick, Downing, dan Pike
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