Judul: Penentuan Cadangan Premi Asuransi Joint Life dan Last Survivor Seumur Hidup dengan Metode Prospektif dan Metode Zillmer
Abstrak: Cadangan premi adalah sejumlah dana yang disiapkan perusahaan asuransi untuk membayar manfaat asuransi di kemudian hari. Perusahaan asuransi pasti memiliki biaya yang harus dikeluarkan, sehingga penghitungan cadangan perlu mempertimbangkan biaya tersebut. Cadangan premi kotor dengan metode prospektif dan metode Zillmer, merupakan contoh penghitungan cadangan yang mempertimbangkan biaya operasional perusahaan. Biaya yang umum diperlukan oleh perusahaan asuransi jiwa ialah biaya penutupan, biaya pembaruan, dan biaya klaim. Penerapan biaya dalam penghitungan cadangan akan menghasilkan keakuratan yang lebih baik pada praktek industri asuransi. Pada karya ilmiah ini, cadangan premi kotor dengan metode prospektif dan metode Zillmer diterapkan dalam menentukan cadangan asuransi jiwa seumur hidup untuk asuransi joint life dan last survivor dua individu. Penghitungan cadangan premi kotor dengan metode prospektif memperhitungkan seluruh biaya, sementara metode Zillmer hanya memperhitungkan biaya penutupan., Premium reserves are a number of funds prepared by the insurance company to pay insurance benefits at a later date. The insurance company definitely has costs that must be incurred, so the calculation of reserves needs to consider these costs. Reserves of gross premiums using the prospective method and the Zillmer method, are examples of calculating reserves that take into account the company's operating costs. Common costs required by life insurance companies are closing costs, renewal fees, and claim fees. The application of costs in calculating reserves will result in better accuracy in the insurance industry practice. In this scientific paper, reserves of gross premiums with prospective method and Zillmer method are applied in determining the whole life insurance reserves for joint life insurance and last survivor of two individuals. The calculation of gross premium reserves using the prospective method takes into account all costs, while the Zillmer method only calculates closing costs.
Keyword: gross premiums, joint life insurance, last survivor insurance, premium reserves, Zillmer method

Judul: Penentuan Premi Bersih dan Cadangan Manfaat Asuransi Seumur Hidup Last Survivor dengan Suku Bunga Stokastik
Abstrak: Salah satu contoh produk asuransi multi life, mencakup lebih dari satu orang, adalah asuransi last survivor, yaitu produk asuransi untuk dua orang tertanggung dengan manfaat asuransi akan diberikan ketika kedua tertanggung telah meninggal, dan pembayaran dilakukan pada kematian terakhir. Perhitungan premi dan cadangan manfaat asuransi tersebut biasanya dilakukan dengan mengasumsikan suku bunga konstan selama periode asuransi. Namun, pada keadaan sesungguhnya, suku bunga dapat bervariasi dari waktu ke waktu. Tujuan karya ilmiah ini adalah memodelkan suku bunga Bank Indonesia 7-day (Reverse Repo Rate) yang diasumsikan mengikuti model stokastik Cox-Ingersoll-Ross. Pendugaan parameter dilakukan menggunakan metode Penduga Maximum Likelihood. Hasil pendugaan parameter menghasilkan nilai Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) sebesar 12.33%. Perhitungan premi dan cadangan manfaat dilakukan secara kontinu dengan menggunakan rumus zero-coupon rate dari model yang telah diperoleh. Secara umum, hasil perhitungan premi dan cadangan manfaat menghasilkan nilai paling tinggi apabila pembayaran premi hanya dilakukan hingga kematian pertama, dan menghasilkan nilai paling rendah apabila pembayaran premi dilakukan hingga kematian kedua., One example of a multi life insurance product is last survivor insurance, which is an insurance product for two insureds with insurance benefits that will be given when both insureds have died, and payment is made at the last death. Insurance premiums and benefits reserves are calculated by assuming a constant interest rate during the insurance period. However, in actual circumstances, interest rates may vary occasionally. The purpose of this scientific work is to model the Bank Indonesia 7-day (Reverse Repo Rate), which is assumed to follow the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross stochastic model. Parameter estimation was calculated using the Maximum Likelihood Estimator method. The parameter estimation results have a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 12.33%. Calculation of premiums and benefits reserves is calculated continuously using the zero-coupon rate formula from the model that has been obtained. Generally, the results of premiums and benefits reserves calculation yield the highest value if the premium payment is only made until the first death, and yield the lowest value if the premium payment is made until the second death.
Keyword: benefit reserve, Cox-Ingersoll-Ross, last survivor, net premium

Judul: Pewarisan Genetik Transgen Hd3a pada Tanaman Nicotiana benthamiana Transgenik
Abstrak: Hd3a gene has been successfully introduced into Nicotiana benthamiana genome. In vitro culture, the putative transgenic of N. benthamiana give a flower very early. This plant must be molecularly analyzed to confirm the integration of Hd3a transgene under the control of 35SCaMV promoter in the genome. The objective of this research was to analyze the integration, stability and genetic inheritance of Hd3a transgene under 35SCaMV promoter in transgenic N. benthamiana. Mendelian inheritance pattern of hpt fused to Hd3a transgene with 3:1 ratio has been detected in T1 generation of transgenic N. benthamiana. This pattern showed that transgenic N. benthamiana is heterozygous for hpt fused to Hd3a transgene. In addition, this result indicated that the transgenic N. benthamiana contains one single copy of hpt and Hd3a transgenes integrated in the genome. The molecular analysis showed that T0 and T1 generation of transgenic N. benthamiana contain Hd3a transgene. Hd3a transgene caused an early flowering phenotype in transgenic N. benthamiana E.26.3 line. Average of flowering time in E.26.3 line is 40,5 days after germination. An early flowering character was not observed in E.21.3 line probably caused by the suppression of Hd3a gene.
Keyword: genetic inheritance, Hd3a gene, Nicotiana benthamiana