Judul: Karakteristik Pedagang dan Produk Bakso Sapi serta Nilai Tambah Bakso Sapi di Daerah Kotamadya Bogor
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan terhadap populasi pedagang bakso sapi di daerah kotamadya Bogor dengan metoda pengambilan sampel secara sengaja (Purposive sampling). Jumlah sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 40 orang pedagang bakso sapi mangkal dan keliling yang berlokasi pada kawasan perdagangan, terminal, wisata, pendidikan dan perumahan di daerah kota Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan selama 1,5 bulan pada pertengahan bulan April - Mei 2000. Adapun tujuan penelitian (1) Mengetahui profil dan karakteristik pedagang bakso sapi di daerah kota Bogor, (2) Mengetahui proses pengolahan dan karakteristik produk bakso sapi dan, (3) Mengukur nilai tambah produk bakso sapi yang dihasilkan.
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Judul: Analisis pendapatan dan faktor kewirausahaan pedagang bakso sapi keliling di kota Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kota Bogor. Pemilihan lokasi dilakukan secara sengaja (purposive) karena Kota Bogor berpotensi untuk pengembangan usaha bakso, khususnya bakso sapi. Penentuan lokasi sampel (desalkelurahan) dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode Teknik Acak Sederhana (Simple Random Sampling) dan responden yang dipilih yaitu responden yang ditemui saat penjaringan (Accidental Sampling). lumlah sampel sebanyak 35 responden. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pendapatanlkeuntungan usaha, menganalisis besarnya kontribusi pendapatan dari usaha bakso sapi keliling terhadap pendapatan total keluarga dan mengidentifikasi pengaruh faktor-faktor pendidikan, pengalaman us aha, motivasi, lokasi usaha dan nilai masyarakat sekitar lokasi usaha terhadap perilaku kewirausahaan pedagang bakso sapi keliling. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan April sampai Juni 2000.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell