Judul: Kajian Agrometeorologi Tanaman Bawang Merah di Kabupaten Grobogan pada Berbagai Perlakuan Jarak Tanam
Abstrak: Kondisi cuaca dan iklim serta teknik budidaya merupakan faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas tanaman bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh jarak tanam dengan sistem tegel (TG) dan jajar legowo (JL) terhadap produktivitas bawang merah, menentukan jarak tanam optimal dengan menggunakan model simulasi, dan mengetahui teknik budidaya bawang merah berkaitan dengan karakteristik agrometeorologi di Kabupaten Grobogan. Penelitian lapang dilaksanakan di Desa Simo, Kabupaten Grobogan. Penelitian menggunakan perlakuan lima jarak tanam yaitu TG1 (14 cm x 14 cm), TG2 (16 cm x 16 cm), TG3 (18 cm x 18 cm), JL1 (16 cm x 14 cm), dan JL2 (16 cm x 18 cm), penyusunan model simulasi menggunakan masukan data cuaca dan tanaman hasil pengamatan lapang, serta menggunakan wawancara dan kuesioner untuk mengetahui teknik budidaya petani bawang merah di Kabupaten Grobogan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan perlakuan TG2 menjadi jarak tanam paling optimal dibandingkan jarak tanam lainnya ditinjau dari produktivitas, efisiensi penggunaan radiasi matahari (RUE), serta risiko serangan penyakit tanaman. Model simulasi dapat menggambarkan fase perkembangan, hari panen, indeks luas daun, dan produktivitas dengan akurasi mencapai 97,94%. Petani di Grobogan telah mengembangkan beberapa teknik budidaya dan kearifan lokal dalam merespons kondisi cuaca untuk meningkatan produktivitas bawang merah di musim hujan maupun musim kemarau., Weather and climate conditions, as well as cultivation techniques, influence the productivity of shallot plants. This research aims to determine the effect of planting distance under tegel (TG) and jajar legowo (JL) systems on shallot productivity, to determine optimal planting distance using a simulation model, and to determine shallot cultivation techniques related to agrometeorological characteristics in the Grobogan Regency. Field research was carried out in Simo Village, Grobogan Regency. The research used five plant spacing treatments, namely TG1 (14 cm x 14 cm), TG2 (16 cm x 16 cm), TG3 (18 cm x 18 cm), JL1 (16 cm x 14 cm), and JL2 (16 cm x 18 cm), preparing a simulation model using input of weather data and plants from field observations, as well as using interviews and questionnaires to determine the cultivation techniques of shallot farmers in the Grobogan Regency. The study results show that TG2 treatment is the most optimal planting distance compared to other planting distances in terms of productivity, radiation use efficiency (RUE), and the risk of plant disease infestation. The simulation model can describe development phases, harvest days, leaf area index, and productivity with an accuracy of 97.94%. Farmers in Grobogan have developed several cultivation techniques and local wisdom in responding to weather conditions to increase shallot productivity in the rainy and dry seasons.
Keyword: cultivation techniques, growth, plant simulation models, plant spacing, shallot plants

Judul: Varietal Impact on Growth, Yield, and Water Requirements of Shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) in Dryland Cultivation
Abstrak: Bawang merah (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) merupakan komoditas hortikultura yang mempunyai prospek pasar yang sangat baik sehingga termasuk ke dalam komoditas unggulan nasional. Penggunaan varietas yang merupakan salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas bawang merah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh dari penggunaan empat varietas bawang merah terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil panen, dan kebutuhan air pada tanaman bawang merah yang ditanam di lahan kering. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sawah Baru IPB, Dramaga, Bogor, Jawa Barat pada bulan Februari hingga April 2023. Penelitian dilakukan berdasarkan rancangan lengkap kelompok teracak (RKLT) dengan faktor tunggal. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini adalah diamati adalah 4 varietas bawang varietas yaitu Bima Brebes, Bauji, Tajuk,dan SS Sakato. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan varietas berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap peubah tinggi tanaman pada 2 MST dan 3 MST, jumlah tunas pada 2 MST, 3 MST, 5 MST, dan 6 MST, jumlah daun pada 2 MST dan 4 MST, dan jumlah umbi. Seluruh varietas memberikan hasil yang baik untuk ditanam di lahan kering Bogor. Varietas Bauji merupakan varietas dengan proyeksi produktivitas per hektar tertinggi namun membutuhkan air yang lebih sedikit dari tanam hingga panen dibandingkan varietas Tajuk dan SS Sakato. Jumlah daun berpengaruh terhadap nilai evapotranspirasi, Shallot (Allium cepa L. var. aggregatum) is a horticultural commodity with excellent market prospects, thus being classified as a national superior commodity. The use of varieties is one way to enhance shallot productivity. This research aims to determine the influence of using four varieties of shallots on growth, harvest yield, and water requirements of shallot plants cultivated in dryland. The research was conducted at the Sawah Baru IPB Experimental Garden, Dramaga, Bogor, West Java, from February to April 2023. The research was based on a completely randomized block design with a single factor. The treatments in this study consisted of four observed shallot varieties: Bima Brebes, Bauji, Tajuk, and SS Sakato. The results of the research indicate that the variety treatment significantly influenced the plant height variable at 2 and 3 weeks after planting (WAP), the number of shoots at 2 WAP, 3 WAP, 5 WAP, and 6 WAP, the number of leaves at 2 WAP and 4 WAP, and the number of bulbs. All varieties showed good results for cultivation in dryland in Bogor Regency. The Bauji variety emerged as the most promising in terms of projected productivity per hectare, requiring significantly less water from planting to harvest compared to the Tajuk and SS Sakato varieties. The number of leaves influenced the evapotranspiration value.
Keyword: evapotranspirasi, curah hujan, produktivitas

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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