Judul: The Effect of Fly Ash Bottom Ash in MikoSeedCookies on the Growth of Sengon Buto and Sengon on Post-Coal Mining Land
Abstrak: Kegiatan penambangan batubara menggunakan metode sistem tambang terbuka yang menyebabkan penurunan kualitas kesuburan tanah. Lahan yang telah dilakukan kegiatan penambangan perlu dilakukan kegiatan revegetasi. Jenis yang dipilih untuk kegiatan revegetasi yaitu sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb.) dan sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & Grimes) karena mudah beradaptasi. Penanaman benih secara langsung (direct seeding) menjadi solusi alternatif untuk mengurangi biaya kegiatan revegetasi dengan bantuan media tanam campuran Miko-SeedCookies dan FABA. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pertumbuhan benih sengon buto dan sengon menggunakan media tanam campuran Miko-SeedCookies dan FABA, serta menganalisis kolonisasi mikoriza pada tanaman sengon buto dan sengon. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) terdiri empat perlakuan yaitu B0 (MSC + FABA 0%), B1 (MSC + FABA 10%), B2 (MSC + FABA 20%), dan B3 (MSC + FABA 30%) dan masing-masing 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan pada jenis sengon buto tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata pada setiap parameternya, tetapi pada jenis sengon parameter pertumbuhan tinggi dan diameter dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh perlakuan B1 akibat dosis FABA yang mempengaruhinya. Kolonisasi mikoriza pada jenis sengon buto berada pada rentang 9-24%, sedangkan pada sengon 0-2 yang tergolong kelas rendah-sangat rendah., Coal mining activities use an open mining system method which causes a decrease in quality of soil fertility. Mining land activities have been carried out needs to be revegetated. The types chosen for revegetation are sengon buto (Enterolobium cyclocarpum (Jacq.) Griseb.) and sengon (Falcataria moluccana (Miq.) Barneby & Grimes) because they are easy to adapt. Direct seeding is an alternative solution to reduce the costs of revegetation activities with help of a mixture of Miko-SeedCookies and FABA planting media. This research aims to analyze the growth of sengon buto and sengon seeds using a mixture of Miko-SeedCookies and FABA planting media, as well as analyzing mycorrhizal colonization on sengon buto and sengon. This research used a Randomized Block Design consisting of four treatments, B0 (MSC + FABA 0%), B1 (MSC + FABA 10%), B2 (MSC + FABA 20%), and B3 (MSC + FABA 30%) with 3 repetitions. The results of the research showed that the treatment on the sengon buto species did not have a real influence on any parameters, but on sengon species, the height and diameter growth parameters are significantly influenced by B1 treatment to FABA dose which affect them. Mycorrhizal colonization in sengon buto species is in the range of 9-24%, while sengon 0- 2% is classified as low-very low.
Keyword: Bottom Ash, Fly Ash, kolonisasi, Miko-SeedCookies, sengon, colonization, Bottom Ash, Fly Ash, Miko-SeedCookies, sengon

Judul: Utilisation of Fly Ash and Bottom Ash as a Mixture  for Miko-Seed Cookies and StiQslope Planting Media in Coal Post-Mining Land
Abstrak: Sistem penambangan batubara secara terbuka menyebabkan perubahan bentang alam, kerusakan vegetasi dan penurunan kesuburan tanah. Proses pembakaran batubara menghasilkan 5% limbah Fly Ash Bottom Ash (FABA) yang bila tidak dimanfaatkan akan mengalami penumpukkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh media tanam Miko-seedcookies (MSC) dan StiQslope, dosis FABA serta interaksi keduanya terhadap perkecambahan benih dan pertumbuhan kaliandra, mengetahui kolonisasi mikoriza tanaman kaliandra di lahan bekas tambang batubara serta menganalisis perlakuan optimal bagi pertumbuhan kaliandra. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi pada rancangan acak kelompok dengan 2 faktor. Media tanam sebagai petak utama terdiri dari 2 taraf dan dosis FABA sebagai anak petak terdiri dari 3 taraf. Terdapat 3 ulangan untuk tiap perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkecambahan dan pertumbuhan kaliandra tidak dipengaruhi faktor media tanam dan dosis FABA. Sementara interaksi kedua faktor berpengaruh nyata terhadap parameter tinggi dan kombinasi MSC dengan FABA 0% dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tinggi kaliandra. Kolonisasi mikoriza pada media MSC dan StiQslope tergolong kelas rendah-sedang., Surface mining alters landscapes, destroys vegetation and reduces soil fertility. The combustion of coal generates 5% waste in the form of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA), which can accumulate if left unused. This study analyzes the impact of planting media Miko-seedcookies (MSC) and StiQslope, FABA dosage, and their interaction on the germination and growth of calliandra on former coal mine land, while considering mycorrhiza colonization of calliandra plants. The aim is to identify the optimal treatment for calliandra growth. The design used in this experiment is a split plot design in a completely randomized design with 2 factors. The main plot consisted of 2 stage plant media, while the subplot consisted of a 3 stage FABA dose. Each treatment was replicated 3 times. Results indicated that germination and growth were not affected by either media or FABA dose. Interacting factors only affected height and the combination of MSC with 0% FABA may enhance the height growth of calliandra. Mycorrhiza colonisation on MSC media and StiQslope media fall into the low-medium category.
Keyword: calliandra, fly ash bottom ash, growing medium, mycorrhiza, reclamation

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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