Judul: Ekologi Perilaku Berbiak Merak Hijau (Pavo muticus Linnaeus, 1766) di Taman Nasional Alas Purwo dan Baluran Propinsi Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Green peafowl is one of the protected birds in Indonesia. Habitat fragmentation and hunting have caused the decrease in habitat area and quality, which lead to population disperse with limited distribution. Because of its high threat, there is a possibility that the green peafowl will be extinct in a short time. In really, green peafowl still survive in several distribution locations. This indicates that there is a strategy related to behavior ecology of green peafowl with this habitat condition and sort of pressure. The most vulnerable period for green peafowl population development is from breeding to nursing period. The objectives of this research were: (1) to study and describe behavior ecology tht was related with green peafowl breeding and (2) to identify the strategy and mechanism of green peafowl breeding behavior related to its habitat in both national parks. This research was conducted from August to December 2007 in Alas Purwo National Park (August-October) and Baluran National Park (November- December). Behavior data were taken using ad libitum sampling method with continuous recording system from 5.00 am to 6.00 pm. Type of data taken included breeding behavior and daily behavior during breeding season. Data were analyzed using behavior rate, mean duration, mean, sample variance, F-test and chi-square (􀟯􀬶). In Alas Purwo NP, green peafowl breeds from September to November while in Baluran NP breeding occurs from October to December. Breeding season for green peafowl is characterized by a display activity brought by the male where it also produces a distinctive sound. Copulation process in green peafowl lasts for a short time, approximately 9-19 seconds. After mating, the female broods its eggs while the male sheds its fine feathers. Green peafowl carries out its eating behavior in open area. In dry season, water source for green peafowl is obtained from an artificial water tub provided in Alas Purwo and Baluran National Park. Preening activity is carried out in open area so it can monitor any disturbance either from competitors or from predators. Sunning activity is carried out in the morning (06.00-07.00 am), related to warm sun rays. Dusting is more often carried out by female green peafowl (Fmeasured > Ftable). Green peafowl encounters more interference in forest habitat. Fighting activity is carried out only by male. Sleeping tree is usually utilized also as a resting cite at day. Resting and eating the most time sending activities by green peafowl both in Alas Purwo and Baluran National Park. Open areas are important as places for dusting, sunning, and fighting while forest habitat is important for shelter, resting and sleeping. Habitat type in Alas Purwo NP is significantly influence the frequency and duration of preening, eating, sunning, take shelter and resting. Habitat type in Baluran NP is significantly influence the frequency of vocalization, preening, sunning, take shelter, resting and sleeping, also to the duration of preening behavior, sunning and take shelter.
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Judul: Captive Breeding Management and Daily Activity of Green Peafowl in Bird Park Taman Mini Indonesia Indah
Abstrak: Merak hijau adalah jenis burung dari golongan famili Phasianidae yang tersebar di sepanjang Pulau Jawa dan mendapatkan prioritas sangat tinggi untuk ditingkatkan populasinya, seperti yang dilakukan di Taman Burung Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Jakarta sebagai lembaga konservasi eksitu. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidentifikasi manajemen pemeliharaan merak hijau dan mendeskripsikan perilaku harian merak hijau. Data dikumpulkan dengan cara observasi lapang, pengukuran, dan wawancara. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan manajemen pemeliharaan dilakukan secara intensif yang artinya pengelola mengatur semua aspek manajemen. Terdapat 9 jenis perilaku harian yang teramati, didominasi oleh perilaku memelihara tubuh dengan frekuensi 29% dan durasi 31% dari total waktu pengamatan. Tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara perilaku merak hijau jantan dan merak hijau betina, begitu pula dengan perilaku merak hijau yang ada di kandang dan merak hijau yang dilepas di Taman Burung Taman Mini Indonesia Indah Jakarta., Green peafowl is one of the biggest Phasianidae bird that spread in Java Island. Green peafowl has high priority to increase the population by the government, which through ex-situ conservation in captive breeding. This research aims to identify captivity management and to describe daily activities of green peafowl in Bird Park Taman Mini Indonesia Indah. The data were collected by observating, measuring, and interviewing manager and animal keeper. The results of this study showed that Green peafowl in Bird Park Taman Mini Indonesia Indah managed intensively, which means holder manages all the aspects of management. Components that provides green peafowl’s life in cage were made as close as natural habitat of green peafowl. Green peafowl has 9 daily activities which dominated by body caring which has total frequency is 29% and total duration is 31% of all activities. Green peafowl in order to fulfill daily energy needs are doing ingestive activity that has frequency 16% and duration 17%. Generally, there is no significant difference between male and female green peafowl activity, likewise between in caged and released green peafowl activity.
Keyword: Captive Breeding, Daily Activity, Green Peafowl

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix