Judul: Identifikasi keragaman gen β-Kasein (CSN2) pada kambing peranakan etawah, saanen dan persilangannya dengan metode PCR-SSCP
Abstrak: Casein genetic polymorphisms are important and well known due to their effects on quantitative traits and properties of milk. β-kasein gene is directly related to the quality and properties of milk. A protocol for the rapid and simultaneous genotyping of β-kasein alleles was conducted by single strand conformational polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (SSCP-PCR) method in goat. Screening β-kasein gene variability in 3 dairy goat breeds was conducted for Etawah Grade (77 samples), Saanen (67 samples) and PESA (Crossbreed Etawah Grade with Saanen) (29 samples) in Bogor and Sukabumi. The objective of this research was to identify polymorphism of the β-kasein (CSN2) gene in dairy goat. This research found three alleles of the β-casein gene, ie CSN2*A, CSN2*C, dan CSN2*O. In most breeds, CSN2*O occurred in the lowest frequency. The identification of the CSN2 gene variability in the goat breeds indicated the highly of the A allele. The CSN2*A allele had a high frequency in Saanen in Cijeruk (0,66); Etawah Grade in Cariu (0,62); and PESA in Cariu (0,54). While the CSN2*C allele had a high frequency in PESA in Balitnak (0,83); Etawah Grade in Ciapus (0,48); and Saanen in Taurus (0.38). Based on the results of chi-square analysis, found that Saanen in Cariu and Taurus were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
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Judul: Keragaman Gen CSN3 Ekson 4 pada Kambing Peranakan Etawah di BPTU KDI-HPT Pelaihari Kalimantan Selatan
Abstrak: Etawah grade goat as one of Indonesian local animal genetic resources has advantages, one of which is its high milk yield. CSN3 gene is a member of casein fragment related to protein and casein contents. The aim of this study was to identify polymorphisms of CSN3 in Etawah grade goat from BPTU KDI-HPT Pelaihari, South Kalimantan using the PCR-RFLP method. Polymorphisms of CSN3 gene were identified of 115 blood samples using PstI restriction enzyme that cuts the fragment of CTGCA|G. CSN3 amplification resulted 407 bp which is located at exon 4 was performed with annealing temperature 60 °C for 20 seconds. The results of PCR-RFLP analysis indicated that the analyzed CSN3 gene of Etawah grade goat which have monomorphic F allele was 100%.
Keyword: PCR-RFLP, Etawah grade goats, CSN3 gene

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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