Judul: Pengaruh Suplementasi Probiotik Padat dan Cair dalam Meningkatkan Kecernaan Zat-Zat Makanan Ransum Sapi Potong
Abstrak: Untuk menjaga kesehatan pencernaan ternak, pakan ternak ruminansia perlu mengarah pada rekayasa fungsi rumen melalui manipulasi komposisi kimia dan peran mikroorganisme. Penggunaan feed additive, probiotik, diharapkan mampu menstimulasi pertumbuhan dan aktivitas mikroba rumen. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji pengaruh suplementasi probiotik padat dan cair di dalam ransum terhadap kecernaan zat-zat makanan pada sapi potong. Penelitian menggunakan 18 ekor sapi potong. Perlakuan yang diberikan, yaitu: P1 : Kontrol (jerami padi + pucuk tebu+konsentrat+dedak padi), P2 : P1+ Probiotik padat 0.25% (b/b konsentrat), P3 : P1 + Probiotik cair 0.1% (b/v konsentrat dan dicampur ke dalam air minum). Hasil sidik ragam menunjukkan bahwa pemberian suplementasi probiotik cair berbeda nyata terhadap kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan serat kasar dan kecernaan protein kasar. Suplementasi probiotik cair dalam air minum sapi dapat menstimulasi pertumbuhan dan aktivitas mikroba rumen. Dengan meningkatnya populasi dan aktivitas mikroba rumen dapat meningkatkan kecernaan zat-zat makanan ransum sapi potong.
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Judul: Performa Sapi Potong Sebagai Respon dari Suplemetasi Probiotik Padat dan Cair
Abstrak: Probiotik adalah suplemen pakan berupa mikroba hidup, yang memberi pengaruh menguntungkan bagi ternak inang dengan cara meningkatkan keseimbangan mikroorganisme di dalam saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji manfaat suplementasi probiotik dalam bentuk cair dan padat terhadap performa sapi potong. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu sebagai berikut: P0 : Ransum Kontrol (hijauan+konsentrat+dedak), P1: Ransum Kontrol + 0.25% Probiotik padat dalam konsentrat, P2: Ransum Kontrol + 0.1% Probiotik cair melalui air minum. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan jumlah sapi 18 ekor, yang terbagi dalam 6 kelompok berdasarkan bobot badan dan 3 perlakuan ransum. Parameter yang diamati adalah konsumsi zat-zat makanan, pertambahan bobot badan, efesiensi penggunaan pakan, dan Income Over Feed Cost (IOFC). Data yang terkumpul dianalisis dengan analisis ragam. Hasil uji statistik menunjukan bahwa perlakuan tidak nyata berpengaruh terhadap konsumsi zat-zat makanan, pertambahan bobot badan, dan efesiensi penggunaan pakan.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite