Judul: GP-11 DNA Vaccine Safety Test Against Aquatic Microbes in Aquaculture Media
Abstrak: Vaksin DNA untuk mencegah infeksi koi herpes virus (KHV) pada ikan merupakan produk rekayasa genetika yang dikhawatirkan dapat melakukan transmisi pada bakteri di perairan dan mempengaruhi keragaman hayati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji keamanan vaksin DNA KHV GP-11 yang diaplikasikan melalui perendaman terhadap mikroba akuatik dalam media akuakultur. Bakteri flora normal dalam air yang mengandung vaksin DNA diisolasi pada jam ke-3, 12, 24, 48 dan 72. Bakteri tersebut disebar sebanyak 25 μL pada media kultur mengandung ampisilin (25 μg/μL). Bakteri yang tumbuh pada media tersebut sebanyak 18 isolat dan diantara bakteri tersebut adalah Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter. Bakteri diuji dengan metode polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk membuktikan keberadaan plasmid vaksin DNA GP-11. Dari analisis PCR tersebut menunjukkan bahwa bakteri flora normal dalam air tidak dapat meng-uptake atau mengambil plasmid vaksin DNA GP-11 dari bakteri E.coli DH5α yang mengandung plasmid tersebut, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa vaksin DNA anti-KHV tidak ditransmisikan ke bakteri akuatik atau flora normal yang ada di media bekas vaksinasi menggunakan vaksin DNA GP-11. Hasil aplikasi vaksin DNA GP-11 dengan dosis 10 ml dan 100 ml secara perendaman tidak ada transfer plasmid vaksin DNA ke mikroba yang ada dalam air.
Keyword: bacteria, KHV, normal flora, transmission

Judul: Uji Keamanan Vaksin DNA GP-11 Terhadap Mikroba Akuatik di Media Akuakultur
Abstrak: DNA vaccine to prevent infection with koi herpes virus (KHV) in fish is a product of genetic engineering which is feared to be able to transmit bacteria in waters and affect biodiversity. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of the KHV GP-11 DNA vaccine which was applied by immersion against aquatic microbes in an aquaculture environment. Bacteria of normal flora in water containing DNA vaccine were isolated at 3, 12, 24, 48 and 72 hours. The bacteria were spread in 25 L of culture media containing ampicillin (25 g/μL). The bacteria that grew on the media were 18 isolates and among these bacteria were Aeromonas hydrophila, Staphylococcus pasteuri, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter. Bacteria were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method to prove the presence of the GP-11 plasmid DNA vaccine. The PCR analysis showed that normal flora bacteria in water could not uptake or take the GP-11 DNA plasmid vaccine from E.coli DH5α bacteria containing the plasmid, so it can be said that the anti-KHV DNA vaccine was not transmitted to aquatic bacteria or normal flora in the media used for vaccination using DNA vaccine GP-11. The results of the application of the GP-11 DNA vaccine with a dose of 10 ml and 100 ml by immersion did not transfer the DNA vaccine plasmid microbes in the water.
Keyword: bacteria, KHV, normal flora, transmission

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology