Judul: Aplikasi Kompos Bungkil Jarak Pagar untuk Mereduksi Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca Karbondioksida (CO2), Metana (CH4) dan Dinitro-Oksida (N2O) dari Perkebunan Jarak Pagar
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas cake compost application in agricultural practiced can increase soil organic carbon and improve amonification, nitrification and nitrogen fixation which good for plant. On the other hand, compost had potentially increase greenhouse gas (GHG) emission especially CO2, CH4 and N2O. This research was conducted to measure the GHG of this compost application and have been done in two steps. Firstly, clear the diurnal change in the GHG emission to determine the time of maximum GHG emitted to the air. It showed that the average concentration of CO2 and CH4 was higher during nighttime while N2O was higher during daytime. The maximum concentration of CO2, CH4 and N2O appears at 06:00 p.m. (354 ppm), 05:00 a.m. (5.4 ppm) and 04:00 p.m. (5.5 ppm). Secondly, identification of CO2, CH4 and N2O emission from compost application and compared to an-organic fertilizer (urea and slow release urea). The result showed that concentration of CH4 from Jatropha curcas cake compost was lower than urea at 3, 5 and 7 day after fertilization while N 2O from compost was higher at 3 and 14 day after fertilization. Urea application enhances CH4 emission by increasing metanogen activity. Meanwhile, addition of organic matter into soil caused oxygen deficiency and increase nitrate denitrification to N2O. Compared to slow release urea, CH4 concentration from compost was higher at 3, 5 and 14 day after fertilization. N2O from compost was lower at 5 and 14 day after fertilization. Calculation of total CH4 and N2O during 14 day showed that CH4 from compost was lower (621 mgC/m2) than urea (630 mgC/m2) and slow released urea (638 mgC/m2) while N2O from compost was highest (455 mgN/m2).
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Judul: Potential Greenhouse Gas Reduction and Financial Feasibility of Co-composting Project (Case Study: KUD Langgeng Organik Fertilizer Factory, Riau)
Abstrak: Peningkatan Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) yang signifikan dalam seratus tahun terakhir telah menyebabkan terjadinya pemanasan global. Salah satu kegiatan yang menimbulkan GRK adalah pengelolaan limbah. Praktik pembuangan Sludge Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) dan kotoran sapi yang tidak tepat dapat menimbulkan bau dan mengeluarkan gas metana. Kedua jenis limbah ini bisa dimanfaatkan kembali sebagai bahan baku pengomposan bersama (Co-composting). Daur ulang limbah organik ini dapat mereduksi jumlah emisi GRK, sehingga Co-composting berpotensi mengurangi emisi GRK pada sektor limbah. Namun terdapat isu bahwa usaha ini tidak menguntungkan karena kurangnya minat dan perhatian petani terhadap pupuk organik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengestimasi potensi emisi GRK sebelum dan setelah adanya proyek Co-composting, serta menganalisis kelayakan finansial dari usaha pabrik pupuk organik. Penelitian ini menggunakan beberapa metode Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) yaitu AMS-III.D, AMS-III.H, AMS-III.F, dan analisis kelayakan finansial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan emisi baseline sebesar 784,67 t CO2e/tahun dan potensi reduksi emisi GRK sebesar 293,78 t CO2e/tahun. Co-composting sludge POME-kotoran sapi layak secara finansial pada skema proyek 30 tahun., The significant greenhouse gas (GHGs) increase in the last hundred years has led to global warming. One of the activities that generate GHGs is waste management. Improper disposal practices of POME sludge and cow dung can be a problem for the environment. Both types of waste can be reused as raw materials for co-composting. Recycling organic waste can reduce the amount of GHG emissions. Co-composting has the potential to reduce GHG emissions in the waste sector. However, there is an issue that this business is not profitable due to farmers' lack of interest and awareness towards organic fertilizer. This study aims to estimate the potential GHG emissions before and after the Co-composting and analyze the financial feasibility of the organic fertilizer plant. This research uses several CDM methods, namely AMS-III.D, AMS-III.H, AMS-III.F, and financial feasibility analysis. The results showed baseline emissions of 784.67 t CO2e/year and GHG emission reduction potential of 293.78 t CO2e/year. Co-composting POME sludge-cow manure is financially feasible in a 30-year project scheme.
Keyword: CDM, Co-composting, Financial Feasibility, GHG, Waste Sector

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Tubuh Buaya Senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii)
Abstrak: Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan buaya besar yang rentan punah dan hanya dapat ditemukan di rawa dataran rendah, danau dan sungai di Sumatera bagian timur, Kalimantan dan Jawa Barat (Indonesia), Serawak, Semenanjung Malaysia (Malaysia) serta Brunei Darussalam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong yang dikaitkan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian ini menggunakan satu set preparat skelet tubuh buaya senyulong. Parameter penelitian meliputi pengamatan bentuk bagian skelet yang khas, mengukur panjang dan lebar tulang, serta dibandingkan dengan skelet tubuh jenis buaya lain, biawak air (Varanus salvator) maupun literatur yang terkait dengan sistem skelet tubuh hewan. Karakteristik anatomi skelet tubuh buaya senyulong relatif mirip pada jenis buaya lain. Beberapa karakteristik yang ditemukan yaitu, proatlas pada os atlas, os axis hanya memiliki zygapophysis caudalis, bagian lateral dari ossa vertebrae cervicales yang dilengkapi dengan cervical ribs, memiliki jumlah costae sternalis yang banyak, rangkaian ossa gastralia pada abdomen, ossa vertebrae lumbales memiliki zygapophysis cranialis dengan sudut >90o dari sumbu tubuh. Selain itu, os vertebrae caudalis I memiliki caput cranial dan caudal, ossa vertebrae caudales memiliki processus transversus yang semakin memendek ke arah caudal. Di medioventral tulang ini ditemukan ossa chevron dengan hemal arch sampai menjelang akhir ossa vertebrae caudalis. Skelet tubuh buaya senyulong memiliki hubungan yang kokoh dan kompak untuk menunjang fleksibilitas tubuh untuk berjalan, berenang dan berburu mangsa
Keyword: anatomi, buaya senyulong, skelet tubuh