Judul: Analisis energi dalam proses pembekuan ikan tuna (Thunnus sp) di PT Project Management Unit Jakarta
Abstrak: Ikan tuna merupakan komoditi ekspor yang setelah udang yang berasal dari laut, yang diprioritaskan sebagai penghasilan devisa negara melalui ekspor non migas. Ikan tuna termasuk bahan pangan yang mudah rusak sehingga perlu pengawetan yaitu dengan pembekuan dan penyimpanan beku.
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Judul: Analisa aliran energi dalam produksi udang beku di PT Kedamaian
Abstrak: Udang menduduki tempat kedua setelah daging dan perunggasan sebagai sumber protein. Udang termasuk bahan pangan yang mudah rusak sehingga perlu pengawetan yaitu dengan penbekuan dan penyimpanan beku. Penggunaan energi yang tidak terbarukan diusahakan sehemat mungkin. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa kebutuhan energi untuk memproduksi dan menyimpan beku, mempelajari efisiensi energi pada pengolahan udang udang beku dan penyimpanan bekunya pada pabrik dan pada tingkat nasional serta membuat program komputer untuk mendapatkan penggunaan energi dalam produksi dan penyimpanan udang beku. Udang mudah rusak akibat aktivitas enzim, kegiatan organisme dari jaringan-jaringannya dan kontaminasi dari mikroorganisme yang ada pada udang itu sendiri atau terbawa pada saat penangkapan, penanganan dan pengolahan, dan aktivitas bakteri. Secara teknis udang memerlukan cepat, dan suhu yang rendah selama penanganan yang proses pengolahan. Penanganan dilakukan secara manual, sedangkan pembekuan dilakukan menggunakan contact plate freezer dengan suhu...
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Judul: Protocorm-like Bodies (plbs) induction and molecular characterization F2 population of phalaenopsis orchids
Abstrak: Efforts to increase the availability of Phalaenopsis orchid propagation material to provide quality propagules can be done either vegetatively or generatively. Tissue culture methods could be used as an alternative for vegetative plant propagation to produce uniform seedlings in large quantities. The success of this method is determined by some factors such as plant genotype, age and type of explants and culture media. The genotypes of plants from crossing of superior hybrid could be used for selection of new variety or as material for plant breeding. Molecular markers is an approach that can be used for plant selection at early growth so that it can be seen plants which have the same genotype or similar each other. The research objectives were to get the optimal medium for induction of plbs from leaf explants of Phalaenopsis orchids to make F2 population liniclone and molecular characterization of the Phalaenopsis orchid F2 population using SSR markers. This research consist of 4 phases: (1) plbs medium induction test on F2 populations of Phalaenopsis orchid 2) liniclone formation the F2 population using the best medium of phase 1; 3) Induction of axillary shoots; (4) Isolation of DNA individuals in F2 population and molecular characterization by SSR markers. The results of the phase 1 was an appropriate medium for plbs induction namely the medium ½MS (Murashige and Skoog) with addition of BAP 0.5 mg L-1 + TDZ 0.5 mg L-1 + 2.4-D 0.2 mg L-1. Explants forming plbs response in the medium was 80%. On the phase 2, twenty-six accessions produce plbs between 4-55 in 12 weeks after planting. Most plbs formation obtained on the accession 9 (55 plbs) and highest weight on accession plbs 3 (17.45 g). On the phase 3, all accessions did not produce axillary shoots until 12 weeks after planting. On the phase 4, in experiments of the molecular characterization of F2 population, three primary showed polymorphism banding pattern namely IPS14, PeGBMS466 and PeGBMS478 primary. The average PIC value obtained was 0.290 with the highest PIC value was 0.38 on PeGBMS478 locus. The average heterozygosity (He) 0.367 and average homozygosity (Ho) 0.491 with the He highest score at the locus PeGBMS478 was 0.496. Level of genetic similarity between P1 to P2 by 48%, while the genetic similarity between P2, F1, F2 and 21 progeny was approximately 90%.
Keyword: Genetic similarity, medium composition, liniclone, SSR, axillary shoot