Judul: Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Sheep and Goat Fed Gamal Leaves with Various Processing Methods (Quantitative Study)
Abstrak: Pengaruh penambahan daun gamal dalam ransum domba dan kambing terhadap peforma dan kecernaan memiliki hasil beragam. Studi kuantitatif dilakukan untuk mengkaji hubungan level pemberian daun gamal dalam ransum domba dan kambing terhadap peforma dan kecernaan ternak dengan model regresi non-linear sederhana. Sebanyak 28 artikel jurnal nasional dan internasional terkait penggunaan daun gamal pada ternak domba dan kambing digunakan sebagai sumber data pada kajian ini. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2010 dan IBM SPSS 25. Hasil studi kuantitatif menunjukkan penambahan daun gamal dalam bentuk tepung pada ransum domba nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering (KBK) ransum dan pertambahan bobot badan (PBB). Penambahan daun gamal dalam bentuk silase pada ransum domba tidak nyata (P>0,10) meningkatkan PBB, KBK ransum, efisiensi pakan, kecernaan bahan kering (KcBK), dan kecernaan bahan organik (KcBO). Pada kambing penambahan daun gamal dalam bentuk tepung ransum kambing tidak nyata (P>0,10) PBB, efisiensi pakan, KcBK, dan KcBO. Penambahan daun gamal dalam bentuk silase ransum pada kambing nyata (P<0,05) meningkatkan KcBO ransum, tidak nyata (P>0,10) mempengaruhi PBB, KBK, efisiensi pakan, dan KcBK. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa level optimum penggunaan daun gamal dalam bentuk tepung untuk ransum domba adalah sebesar 77,76%., The effect of utilizing gliricidia leaves on sheep and goats’ performance and digestibility has various results. This review aimed to quantitatively study the relationship among performance, digestibility, and level of gliricidia leaves used in small ruminant feed with a simple non-linear regression model. A total of 28 national and international journal articles related to the use of Gamal leaves in sheep and goats were used as data sources in this study Data were analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and IBM SPSS ver.25. The result showed feeding gliricidia leaves meal to sheep increased (P<0,05) dry matter (DM) intake and body weight gain (BWG). Feeding gliricidia leaves silage to sheep did not have a significant effect (P>0,10) on BWG, DM intake, efficiency, DM digestibility, and organic matter (OM) digestibility. Feeding gliricidia leaves meals to goats did not have a significant effect (P>0,10) on BWG, efficiency, DM and OM digestibility. Feeding gliricidia leaves silage to goat increased (P<0,05) on OM digestibility, but not a significant effect (P>0,10) on BWG, DM intake, efficiency, and DM digestibility. The optimum level of gliricidia leaves meal on sheep is 77.76%.
Keyword: goats, gliricidia leaves, performance, sheep

Judul: Performa Ruminansia Kecil yang Diberi Daun Singkong (Manihot  esculenta) dengan Pengolahan Berbeda : Kajian Pustaka
Abstrak: Daun singkong tersedia secara melimpah dan mempunyai kandungan protein kasar yang cukup tinggi yaitu berkisar 20%. Pemanfaatan daun singkong terkendala dengan zat anti nutrien yang terkandung di dalamnya yaitu asam sianida sehingga perlu adanya teknologi dan upaya pengolahan seperti pembuatan silase atau pengeringan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis performa ruminansia kecil yang diberi pakan daun singkong dengan pengolahan berbeda dengan pendekatan review kuantitatif, sebanyak 32 literatur dari tahun 2010-2020 diperoleh 72 data perlakuan yang ditabulasi pada microsoft excel 2019. Parameter pada penelitian dilakukan dengan uji deskriptif dan menggunakan uji regresi linier serta kuadratik. Parameter tersebut meliputi pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi bahan kering, kecernaan bahan pakan, dan efisiensi pakan. Hasil analisis regresi menunjukan bahwapemberian pakan daun singkong dengan olahan kering pada taraf 50% meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan (P≤0,05, R2 = 0,195) dan kecernaan bahan organik pada taraf daun singkong 60% (P≤0,01, R2 = 0,528). Pemberian pakan daun singkong dengan olahan silase pada ternak ruminansia kecil pada taraf 60% menurunkan konsumsi bahan kering (P≤0,01, R2 = 0,807). Efisiensi pakan relatif sama dengan pemberian daun singkong kering maupun dalam bentuk silase. Daun singkong olahan kering dapat digunakan sebagai campuran pakan ruminansia kecil dengan taraf pemberian optimal sebesar 60%, sedangkan olahan silase dapat diberikan dengan taraf optimal 20%., Cassava leaves are available in abundance amount and contain of 20% crude protein. Utilization of cassava leaves is constrained by the anti-nutritional content, cyanide acid. This toxic compound needs to be reduced using processing such as silage or drying. This study aims to analyze the performance of small ruminants fed cassava leaves with different processing with a quantitative review approach. The study using 32 national or international journal articles from 2010-2020. The data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2019. The body weight gain, dry matter intake, feed digestibility, and feed efficiency were measured in this study. Those variable measured were analyze using by descriptive analysis and regression tests with linear and quadratic approach. The results of the regression analysis showed that feeding dry-processed cassava leaves at a level of 50% increased body weight gain (P≤0.05, R2 = 0.195) and organic matter digestibility at a level of 60% cassava leaves (P≤0.01, R2 = 0.528). Feeding cassava leaves silage to small ruminants at a level of 60% decreased dry matter consumption (P≤0.01, R2 = 0.807). The feed efficiency was similar among treatments. The dry-processed cassava leaves can be used as a mixture of feed for small ruminants with an optimal feeding rate of 60%, while the processed silage can be used at optimal level of 20%.
Keyword: cassava leaves, drying, ruminants, silage

Judul: Analisis dan Implementasi Certificate Authorities (CA) pada Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN)
Abstrak: Secure Telephone Protocol has ability to authenticate involved party and keep the secrecy of the message sent over the protocol. The secrecy of the message archieved by using symmetric key cryptographic scheme, and authentication archieved using public key cryptographic scheme. One of several party involved in the protocol and hold an important function called Certificate Authorities or CA. CA responsible for generating public key pair for other party involved in the protocol. When CA generates public key pair, several primitive cryptographic scheme used for guarantee the security of the key. Two of them are hash function SHA-1 and El-Gamal public key scheme embedded in Digital Signature Algorithm scheme. The prototype implementing the scheme above developed using Java programming language with JCE addition from Bauncy Castle. The analysis towards implemented prototype indicates that the prototype still has some flaws to be implemented in real world.
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