Judul: Analisis keragaman genetik labi-labi, dogania Subpkma (Testudines: trionychidae), melalui teknik PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Saat ini telah terjadi penurunan populasi labi-labi yang sebagian besar diakibatkan adanya perburuan liar dan kerusakan lingkungan. Melihat hal itu diperlukan suatu langkah untuk mengumpulkan berbagai informasi biologi labi-labi. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan melakukan anal isis molekular sebelum berbagai informasi lainnya diungkapkan. Penanda molekular genetik yang sering digunakan dalam analisis molekular adalah daerah pengendali (d-loop) genom mitokondria menggunakan teknik PCR-RFLP. Bagian yang paling stabil dari daerah pengendali mtDNA diamplifikasi secara in vitro dengan pasangan primer 577 dan 578. Produk PCR dipotong dengan lima macam enzim restriksi, yaitu Alu I, Hsp92 II, Hha I, Hpa II dan Rsa I yang menghasilkan tujuh haplotipe. Keragaman nukleotida antara haplotipe yang ditemukan di Jawa dan Sumatera (interlokasi) adalah 12.11 %. Angka itu jauh lebih besar dibanding keragaman nukleotida antar haplotipe di dalam Sumatera maupun Jawa (intralokasi) yang berturut-turut adalah 6.5% dan 3%.
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Judul: Analisis keragaman genetik labi-labi (Amyda cartilaginea) berdasarkan genom mitokondria
Abstrak: Amyda cartilaginea belongs to the Order Testudinata, Suborder Cryptodira and Family Trionychidae. Recently, the population of A. cartilaginea has been decreasing because of human exploitation and environmental destruction. Therefore, it is important to carry on the research in genetic diversity among this spesies. The research was conducted using the mitochondrial DNA marker by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (PCR–RFLP) technique. PCR technique was conducted to observe genetic diversity of mtDNA using a pair of primer 577 and 578. The amplified region was control region which flanked tRNA Pro and tRNA Phe based on reference sequence of Dogania subplana. The amplification result ed in the product of 500 base pairs and 710 base pairs. The PCR product was then cut by restriction endonuclease, namely Hha I (GCG?C), HaeIII(GG?CC), AluI (AG?CT), MboI (?GATC) and DraI (TTT ?AAA). Twelve haplotypes was found among 39 samples.. Haplotype 2 showed wide distribution compared to other haplotypes. Nucleotide diversity among haplotypes is 5.4 %.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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