Judul: Kajian Keberhasilan Transformasi Pekerjaan dari Petani ke Pengrajin Industri Kecil
Abstrak: Bergesernya peranan lapangan kerja dari bidang pertanian, yang sering disebut sebagai sektor tradisional, ke industri merupakan suatu fenomena sosial yang menarik. Latar belakang petani yang dengan atribut budaya dan perilaku tradisional kemudian pindah pekerjaan ke bidang industri dituntut untuk menyesuaikan diri dengan segala atribut budaya dan ciri perilaku modem di bidang industri. Adapun dari jenis industri, yang mudah atau mungkin dimasuki oleh yang semula petani adalah jenis industri kecil, karena longgar persyaratannya. Sungguhpun demikian, bukan berarti bahwa perpindahan pekerjaan tersebut tidak memerlukan tuntutan persyaratan perubahan perilaku tertentu yang harus disiapkan dan diantisipasi oleh mereka.
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Judul: Peranan Pekerja Anak Bagi Keluarga
Abstrak: Mcningkatnya sektor industri sebagai dampak dari modcrnisasi telab mengakibatkan terjadinya transformasi dari sektor pertanian ke sektor non pertanian (industri). Daya tarik industri kerajinan tas di Desa Tegalwaru demikian besar sehingga sebagian besar masyarakatnya beralih mata pencaharian ke sektor industri. Dengan berbekal keinginan yang kuat walaupun dengan modal yang tidak begitu besar mereka mulai merintis usaha ini. Industri kerajinan tas di Desa Tegalwaru berkembang dengan harapan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat setempat. Sebagai strategi hid up, keluarga miskin mcngcrahkan seluruh tcnaga kerja keluarga yang dimiliki untuk bekerja guna memenuhi kebutuhan hidup keluarga. Termasuk di dalamnya adalab anak-anak yang dalam usianya yang masih sangat muda mau tidak mau harus mcnanggung bcban hidup keluarga dengan terjun ke dunia kerja. Penelitian ini mencoba melihat dan membuktikan sejauhmana peranan pekerja anak bagi keluarga pada industri kecil serta kondisi apa yang mcnycbabkan anak-anak terjun ke dunia kerja.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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