Judul: Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Harvesting Management at PT Kalianusa, East Kutai, East Kalimantan
Abstrak: Kelapa sawit merupakan tanaman perkebunan penghasil devisa negara yang berperan penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Selain penguatan devisa, sektor perkebunan sawit juga salah satu sektor yang membutuhkan tenaga kerja yang cukup banyak. Upaya dalam peningkatan produksi dan produktivitas kelapa sawit dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan manajemen produksi melalui kegiatan pemanenan yang baik. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di PT Kalianusa, Kutai Timur, Kalimantan Timur bertujuan untuk mengamati perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengorganisasian, dan evaluasi panen. Data pengamatan dianalisis secara kuantitatif lalu uji komparasi menggunakan t-student pada taraf 5 % untuk dibandingkan dengan norma baku. Kegiatan pemanenan di PT Kalianusa berjalan cukup baik, persiapan panen yang terstruktur, cara panen yang baik dan taksasi produksi dengan selisih rata-rata di bawah 5 %. Walaupun demikian beberapa hal masih perlu diperbaiki dan ditingkatkan seperti nilai sortasi panen yang rendah dan penggunaan APD yang belum maksimal., Oil palm is a foreign exchange-earning plantation crop that plays an important role in the Indonesian economy. In addition to strengthening foreign exchange, the oil palm plantation sector is also one of the sectors that requires quite a lot of labor. Efforts to increase oil palm production and productivity can be done by improving production management through good harvesting activities. The internship was conducted at PT Kalianusa, East Kutai, East Kalimantan to observe harvest planning, implementation, organization, and evaluation. Observational data was analyzed quantitatively and then a comparative test using t-student at the 5% level to be compared with the standard norm. Harvesting activities at PT Kalianusa are running quite well, structured harvest preparation, good harvesting methods, and estimated production with an average difference below 5%. However, some things still need to be improved and increased such as the low harvest sorting value and the use of PPE that has not been maximized.
Keyword: harvest estimation, harvest evaluation, harvest management

Judul: Harvesting Management of Palm Oil (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) in Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera
Abstrak: Panen merupakan salah satu kegiatan yang penting pada pengelolaan tanaman kelapa sawit. Keberhasilan panen dicapai dengan menghasilkan produktivitas tandan buah yang tinggi dengan kandungan rendemen minyak yang tinggi serta kandungan asam lemak bebas (ALB) yang rendah sehingga manajemen panen harus dilaksanakan secara optimal. Kegiatan magang mempelajari manajemen pemanenan kelapa sawit yaitu perencanaan panen, pengorganisasian panen, pelaksanaan panen, dan evaluasi panen. Kegiatan magang dilaksanakan di Kebun Negeri Lama Selatan, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, Sumatera Utara mulai bulan Januari hingga Mei 2022. Kegiatan magang bekerja secara langsung sebagai pekerja harian lepas (PHL), pendamping mandor, dan pendamping asisten afdeling untuk mempelajari aspek teknis dan manajerial. Manajemen panen merupakan aspek khusus yang diamati dalam kegiatan magang. Rotasi panen terpanjang mencapai 13 hari, sedangkan standar perusahaan adalah 10 hari. Penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) tergolong cukup baik. Kapasitas panen terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan karena pekerja memperoleh basis harian yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata AKP sebesar 20,18% dan rata-rata varian sebesar 2,41%. Kebutuhan tenaga panen diperoleh taksasi sebesar 15,61 dan realisasi sebesar 14,20. Transportasi panen relatif singkat dengan rata-rata waktu yang ditempuh 12,13 menit, rata-rata jarak 2,16 km, dan rata-rata kecepatan 10,88 km jam-1. Persentase mutu buah sesuai dengan standar perusahaan dengan tidak ada buah mentah, buah matang 96,74%, buah terlalu matang 2,55%, dan buah busuk 1,71%. Kehilangan hasil di lapangan sebesar 1,88 butir pokok-1. Penerapan sistem evaluasi, denda, dan premi panen dilakukan untuk menjaga tercapainya basis dan kualitas panen., Harvesting is one of the most important activities in oil palm management. Successful harvesting is achieved by producing high fruit bunch productivity with high oil yield and low free fatty acid (FFE) content, so harvest management must be carried out optimally. The internship studies oil palm harvesting management, namely harvest planning, harvest organization, harvest implementation, and harvest evaluation. The internship was carried out at Negeri Lama Selatan Estate, PT Hari Sawit Jaya, Labuhanbatu, North Sumatera from January to May 2022. Interns work directly as casual daily workers, accompanying field supervisor, and accompanying afdeling assistant to learn technical and managerial aspects. Harvest management is a specific aspect observed in the internship. The longest harvest rotation reached 13 days, while the company standard is 10 days. The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is quite good. There is a significant difference in harvesting capacity because workers get a set daily basis. The average plant harvest density (AKP) is 20.18% and the average variance is 2.41%. The demand for harvesters was estimated at 15.61 and realized at 14.20. Harvest transportation is relatively short, with an average time taken of 12.13 minutes, an average distance of 2.16 km, and an average speed of 10.88 km h-1. The percentage of fruit quality is in accordance with company standards, with no unripe fruit, 96.74% ripe fruit, 2.55% overripe fruit, and 1.71% rotten fruit. The yield loss in the field was 1.88 loose fruit plant-1. A system of evaluation, penalty, and harvest reward was implemented to maintain the achievement of yield basis and quality.
Keyword: harvest labor, harvest maturity criteria, harvest rotation, yield loss

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: