Judul: Efektivitas Pemberian Probiotik Terenkapsulasi terhadap Produksi dan Kualitas Susu Sapi Perah
Abstrak: The high demand of milk is not-fulfilled by the ability of farmers to produce quality milk. The objectives of this research were to examine the effect of encapsulated probiotic supplementation on yield, quality and level of M1 aflatoksin contamination of dairy cow. This research used three species of lactic acid bacteria, i.e Lactobacillus acidophyllus, Bifidobacterium longum, dan Streptococcus thermophylus, such as rumen microbe (MR4) which have ability to degrade M1 aflatoxin. Sodium alginate, lactose, canola oil, Hi-maize and lechitin were used as a coating. Ten cows of Friesien Holland were divided into two treatment groups i.e control and probiotic supplementation 0.2% dry matter. The result showed that encapsulation improved microbe viability during freezedrying processing. The addition of probiotic significant increased (P<0.05) milk production up to 29.21% and improved the quality of milk fat up to 9.62%. The density, lactose, solid and protein were similar among treatments.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), supplementation, probiotics, encapsulation, aflatoksin

Judul: Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Dried  Fermented Milk with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum subsp. plantarum IIA-1A5
Abstrak: Produk fermentasi susu dengan kultur bakteri probiotik memiliki manfaat bagi kesehatan. Namun, susu fermentasi cair rentan terhadap kerusakan, sehingga diperlukan metode perlindungan seperti enkapsulasi menggunakan spray dryer untuk menjaga viabilitas probiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sift fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi susu fermentasi bubuk dengan L. plantarum subsp. plantarum IIA-1A5 menggunakan berbagai konsentrasi maltodekstrin dan susu skim sebagai bahan enkapsulasi. Peubah yang dianalisis meliputi rendemen, pH, aktivitas air (aw), total padatan terlarut, kadar air, total asam tertitrasi, dan jumlah bakteri asam laktat. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan uji T dengan dua perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Penambahan maltodekstrin dan susu skim mampu meningkatkan rendemen produk, menurunkan kadar air dan total asam tertitrasi, serta mempertahankan jumlah bakteri asam laktat selama proses spray drying. Penambahan maltodekstrin dan susu skim (20%:20%) dapat memperbaiki mutu susu fermentasi bubuk., Fermented milk products containing probiotic bacterial cultures offer significant health benefits. However, liquid fermented milk is susceptible to spoilage, necessitating protective methods such as encapsulation via spray drying to preserve probiotic viability. This study aims to analyze the physicochemical and microbiological properties of powdered fermented milk with L. plantarum subsp. plantarum IIA-1A5, utilizing various concentrations of maltodextrin and skim milk as encapsulating agents. The parameters analyzed include yield, pH, water activity (aw), total dissolved solids, moisture content, total titratable acidity, and lactic acid bacteria count. Data analysis was conducted using a T-test with two treatments and three replications. The addition of maltodextrin and skim milk increased product yield, reduced moisture content and total titratable acidity, and maintained the lactic acid bacteria count during the spray drying process. Incorporating maltodextrin and skim milk (20%:20%) can enhance the quality of powdered fermented milk.
Keyword: dried fermented milk, encapsulated, maltodextrin, milk skim

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular