Judul: The effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zinc (Zn) and vitamin E on fertility of male rats as animal model, Pengaruh pemberian tepung kedelai kaya isoflavon, seng dan vitamin E terhadap fertilitas tikus jantan sebagai hewan model
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to (1) evaluate the effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour, zinc (Zn) and vitamin E on fertility of male rats, (2) evaluate the effects of isoflavone-riched soybean flour with different levels of isoflavone on fertility of male rats. Prior the in vivo experiment, isoflavone-riched soybean flour was defatted using n-hexane. Quantitative analysis of isoflavone on the defatted-soybean flour was conducted by HPLC, while antioxidant activity on the defatted-soybean flour was conducted by DPPH method. Total isoflavone on the defatted-soybean flour (TKI-RL) was considered as the basic concentration that used to calculate isoflavone dosages for the in vivo experiment. Male and female weaning Sprague Dawley rats (21 days old) were used as the animal model in the experiment. On the 1st stage of the experiment, the male rats were given basic diets containing isonitrogen and isocalories with 15% of dietary protein from casein. Thirty male Sprague Dawley weaning rats (21 days old) were divided into six groups and treated with isoflavone-riched soybean flour, Zn and vitamin E in different combination. Isoflavone-riched soybean flour (3mg/day) was given by oral administration, whereas Zn and vitamin E were mixed with the basic diet. The treatment was conducted for 2 month. On the other hand, thirty female Sprague Dawley rats were only given the basic diets containing 15% of dietary protein from casein to observe the fertility of male rats. After 2 months, both male and female rats were mixed (1:1). Vagina swabs on the female rats were taken every morning to evaluate the conception rate and to detect spermatozoa by Giemsa dyes. Once the spermatozoa detected on the female rats (the 1st day of pregnancy, D1), the male rats were sacrificed by dislocation of cervical bones (dislocasio cervicalis), then all the parameters were tested. On the day 15th of pregnancy, the female rats were sacrificed (D15), the conception rates and total fetus were counted.
Keyword: sprague dawley rats, isonitrogen and isocalories, dietary protein, conception rates, total fetus

Judul: Konsumsi Tepung Kedelai dan Isolat Protein Kedelai Memengaruhi Profil Reproduksi Tikus Jantan dan Betina F0 dan F1
Abstrak: Beside as protein source, soy flour and soy protein isolate contain isoflavone. Many research have shown that isoflavone has beneficial effect for female reproduction but the effect for male and their offspring reproduction still unclear. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of dietary soy flour and soy protein isolate on growth, weight organ and testosteron & estrogen of F0 and F1 rats and reproduction profile of F0 rats. The thirty five male and female rats were divided into seven groups (n=5), there are three of soy flour groups, three of soy protein isolate for different concentration and one with casein as control group. After 30 days, the rats were mated so that entered gestation and lactation period. After lactation period, the rat's offspring were treated during 30 days. Dietary soy flour (8,69%, 13,04%, 17,38%) and soy protein isolate (10,6%, 15,91%, 21,21%) increased the sperm concentration and decreased sperm abnormality of F0 male rats than control. Moreover, dietary soy protein isolate increased motility of sperm. In addition, dietary soy flour increased level of testosterone until exceeded normal concentration. No difference effect between dietary soy flour and soy protein isolate toward level of estrogen, percent of gestation and litter size of F0 female rats and level of estrogen F1 female rats. However, dietary soy flour (10%, 15%, 20%) and soy protein isolate (15,15%, 22,72%, 30,3%) during 30 days after lactation increased growth rate of F1 rats than control.
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf