Judul: Pemodelan Support Vector Machine untuk Pengenalan Chord pada Alat Musik Gitar Menggunakan Metode MFCC sebagai Ekstraksi Ciri
Abstrak: Various methods of feature extraction and classification methods have been developed by researchers. Application of MFCC feature extraction methods and SVM classification methods will be used in this research to identify the chord on the guitar instrument. The first step is extracting the characteristics of recorded chords. As many as 24 chords were used, with a composition of 75% for training data and 25% for the test data. This research uses SVM with three kernel types: linear, polynomial, and RBF. Each kernel has different parameters. The parameters used are the best parameter resulted from the cross-validation process. The final result showed that the RBF kernel and polynomial has the same highest accuracy of 93.33%.
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Judul: Pengenalan Chord pada Alat Musik Gitar Menggunakan Codebook dengan Teknik Ekstraksi Ciri MFCC
Abstrak: Human auditory system is capable of extracting rich and meaningful data from complex audio signal. To recognize chord sequences that played in some kind of music is not an easy task. People need big effort to train their sense of hearing so they can recognize that kind sound of chords. This condition is also valid in a computer system. Finding the key and labeling the chords automatically from music are great use for those who want to do harmonic analysis of music. Hence automatic chord recognition has been a topic of interest in the context of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) for several years, and attempts have been made in implementing such systems using well understood signal processing and pattern recognition techniques. This research is about to recognize the sound of chord that played and recorded by guitar instrument. There are 24 major-minor chords that used in this research. MFCC is used as feature extraction and the number of coefficient cepstral that used are 13 and 26. Each chord signal that has been extracted then clustered using K-means algorithm with 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 k numbers to create codebook that use as a model of each chord. For the recognition process, there are two methods that used in this research, unstructured recognition and structured recognition. For the result, this research produces two kinds model of codebook that are codebook with 13 coefficients and codebook with 26 coefficients. Both types of codebook show a good result with accuracy level above 88%. The best result yielded from usage of 26 coefficient cepstral with structured recognition. It’s accuracy level reach 97%. Hence the usage of 26 coefficient cepstral is better than the usage of 13 coefficient cepstral with difference of accuration level is about 7%. This research also shows the affectation of the numbers k-means that used. An increasing accuration level shown by increasing the amount of k-cluster.
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Judul: Enteric Collibacillosis Pada Anak Babi Baru Lahir: Patogenesa dan Perubahan-Perubahan Patologisnya
Abstrak: Diare disebabkan oleh infeksi bakteri Escherichia coli pada anak-anak babi baru lahir yang peka terhadap en terotoksin produk bakteri tersebut. Dikenal sebagai colibacillosis. Patogenesa dari colibacillosis anak babi baru lahir adalah (1) infeksi oleh E. coli patogen, (2) proliferasi E. coli di lumen usus halus, (3) produksi dan pelepasan enterotoksin, dan (4) aktifitas toksin pada usus halus. Dalam proses proliferasi, adanya antigen pili K88 sangat penting karena memungkinkan bakteri perlekatan dengan epitel mucosa usus halus. mengadakan Setelah ko lonisasi dan proliferasi segera toksin dilepaskan. Akti- fitas toksin menginduksi sekresi yang berlebihan dari u- sus sehingga banyak cairan yang dikeluarkan ke lumen usus. Hal ini mengakibatkan banyak cairan dan elektrolit hilang sehingga timbul diare, dehidrasi dan asidosis yang sering menyebabkan kematian. Perubahan-perubahan patologis yang umum adalah dis tensi usus halus, dilatasi lambung dan infark pada kurva- tura mayor. Perubahan-perubahan histologis yang terjadi adalah enteritis hemorrhagica acuta, oedem dan kongesti pembuluh darah di lamina propria, akumulassi leukosit inti polimorf, sel monosit, dan inti sel mengalami piknosis Thrombus pada vena dan degenerasi serta desquamasi sel epitel usus….
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