Judul: Kandungan Fitokimia, Aktivitas Antioksidan, dan Sitotoksisitas Ekstrak Buah Harendong (Melastoma affine D. Don).
Abstrak: Melastoma affine D. Don fruit is predicted to contain active compounds such as phenolic and flavonoid that act as antioxidant. The aim of the study were to analyze chemical compound, to explore the extract that has potential function as antioxidant, and cytotoxicity test of Melastoma affine D. Don fruit extract. Component of Phytochemical both crude extracts unripe and ripe Melastoma affine D. Don fruit included alkaloid, triterpenoid, flavonoid, phenol, and tannin. Quantitative measurement of total phenols and flavonoids in 6 types extract which highest total phenol was 96% ethanol extract of the unripe fruit was 189.56 mg/g, while the highest content of total flavonoid was 70% ethanol extract of the unripe fruit was 225.50 mg/g. the best extract to inhibit the free radical DPPH by 50% was 70% ethanol extract of the unripe fruit by IC50 was 0.01 ppm. All extracts were not toxic against Artemia salina Leach or inactive for testing anticancer because the LC50 values were more than 1000 ppm.
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Judul: Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Kandungan Kimiawi Ekstrak Benalu Jeruk (Dendrphthoe glabrescens)
Abstrak: Orange mistletoe (Dendrophthoe glabrescens) is one of theplantsof thefamilyLoranthaceae. Orange mistletoeattachesto liveas parasitesoncitrusplants. Empirically,orange mistletoeis considered to haveantioxidant activity. This study aimstotest theantioxidantactivity, determine thechemical content, anddetermine thebestsolventforextraction oforange mistletoe. The antioxidant activitywas measuredusing abiochemicaltest parameters, namelyDPPHfree radicalinhibitory activity. Extractionwith96% ethanol, 70% ethanol, 30% ethanol, andwater resulted inyieldof66.2%, 47.2%, 31.5%, dan 44.0%.Phytochemicaltest resultsshowedthatwaterandethanolextracts of30% contains alkaloidsandflavonoids, 70% ethanolextractcontains alkaloids, flavonoids, andtannins, and96% ethanol extractcontains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, andsteroids. The analysisshowedthat theantioxidantactivity ofethanolextracts of30%, 70% ethanol, andethanol96% havea veryactiveantioxidantactivity. IC50valuesof 30%, 70%, and96% ethanolextracts is16.94ppm, 11.81ppmand9.64ppm respectively, whilethe waterextracthasa veryweakantioxidantactivitywithIC50valueof456.21ppm.
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Judul: Zero-inflated negative binomial models in small area estimation.
Abstrak: The problem of over-dispersion in Poisson data is usually solved by introducing prior distributions which lead to negative binomial models. Poisson data sometime is also suffered by excess zero problems, a condition when data contains too many zero or exceeds the distribution's expectation. Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) method can be utilized to solve such problems. This paper demonstrates the adaption of ZINB methods in Small Area Estimation with excess zero data. It is shown that the excess zero problem has substantially influenced the Empirical Bayes (EB) estimates, and the adaption of ZINB methods has improved the precision and reliability of the estimates. Key Words: Small Area Estimation, Zero-Inflation, Poisson-Gamma, Negative Binomial Regression, Empirical Bayes
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