Judul: FAktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecenderungan wanita kawin untuk bekerja (Studi Kasus: Propinsi Jawa Tengah 2007)
Abstrak: Peran serta wanita dalam pembangunan dewasa ini sangat dibutuhkan. Jumlah wanita umumnya lebih dari separuh jumlah penduduk merupakan sumberdaya yang sangat potensial bagi pembangunan. Peran aktif wanita dalam kegiatan ekonomi di Jawa Tengah semakin meningkat. Peningkatan ini dapat dilihat dari peningkatan tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja wanita dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Bagi wanita kawin, bekerja merupakan alternatif lain dan hanya mengurus rumah tangga. Ada beberapa faktor yang mendorong wanita berpartisipasi dalam pasar tenaga kerja, antara lain: alasan ekonomi keluarga, ingin mengaktualisasikan diri dalam kehidupan masyarakat dan ingin mengaplikasikan ilmu yang dimiliki. Namun keberadaan jumlah anak dan umur anak yang dimiliki merupakan tantangan tersendiri untuk aktif di pasar kerja. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui karaktersitik tenaga kerja wanita kawin di Jawa Tengah tahun 2007 (2) mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kecenderungan wanita kawin untuk bekerja di Jawa Tengah tahun 2007
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Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Strategi Perempuan Bekerja dan Kesejahteraan Keluarga
Abstrak: The main purpose of this research was to know the factors that influence working women’s strategies and family welfare. The respondents were working women, have a position in a compony or institute, and have a family, consist of husband and a child or children. The study design used was a cross sectional study. The sample of this study are 30 working women in Makassar in May until June 2010. The results showed that most of respondents balanced between work and family activities. Results showed that the community and extended families surrounded respondents supported them very well through providing social supports. Working women’s strategy had significant influenced on the total of respondent’s income, respondent’s education, the numbers of children, and numbers of children under five. The family welfare had significant influenced on respondent’s education, the total of respondent’s income, interaction among husband and wife, and gender role in family.
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Judul: Growth, Concentration Chlorophyll-a, and Structure of Macroalgae Gracilaria edulis in the Culture Media Containing Copper
Abstrak: The physiological responses (specific growth rate, concentration of chlorophyll-a, morphological and anatomical structure of the vegetative cells) of the marine macroalga Gracilaria edulis at the different concentrations of copper (0.01 as control, 0.04, 0.06 and 0,5 ppm) delivered continuously for 28 days under controlled laboratory conditions were investigated. Result showed that the degree of copper toxicity depends on both factor the concentration and exposure time. Copper concentration and day of exposure decreased significantly the specific growth rate (SGR) of the Gracilaria edulis but only 0,5 ppm Cu decreased the chlorophyll-a content when compared to control. Of the various physiological end points measured, growth proved to be the most sensitive response than chlorophyll-a with reductions in specific growth rate (SGR). The reason for this could be related to a greater sensitivity of the enzymes involved in growth than those related to chlorophyll-a or a greater energy needs to maintain cellular integrity and metabolic processes under sublethal Cu stress. In all cases, the main effect on vegetative cells were structure changes in cortex and subcortex cells, compared to control, macroalgae exposed to copper showed depigmentation and blending in the lateral branches, heavy staining of the cell wall and severe damage of cell membrane, while the mucilage and the cell walls was densely fibrillar, thick and heavily stained, the cortex cell was clearly vacuolated, the presence of endophytic on the cell wall and endophytic spores in the mucilage. The presence vacuoles should be related to a metal immobilization mechanism, minimizing the Cu toxicity for cells. The epiphytic bacteria can act as a biofilter diminishing the availability of Cu for macroalgae accumulation.
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