Judul: The Role of Social Capital in the Nature Tourism Management on the Level of the Community Welfare (Case: Badega Gunung Parang, Cihuni, Sukamulya Village, Tegal Waru Sub-district, Purwakarta District, West Java)
Abstrak: Pengelolaan wisata alam tidak terlepas dari peran aktif masyarakat dalam upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan hidup masyarakat. Kesejahteraan masyarakat merupakan gambaran hidup yang diinginkan oleh seluruh masyarakat dengan melakukan upaya-upaya perbaikan taraf hidup. Kemajuan wisata alam juga tidak lepas dari kepedulian masyarakat yang ada di kawasan wisata. Modal sosial dalam pengelolaan wisata alam berpengaruh terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat. Modal sosial ini dapat dilihat dari kepercayaan (trust), norma (norm), dan jaringan (network). Modal sosial memiliki peran penting bagi keberlangsungan kawasan wisata alam karena tanpa adanya modal sosial maka pengelolaan kawasan wisata tidak akan bisa berkembang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat sebelum dan selama pandemi COVID-19. Selama pandemi COVID-19, masyarakat cenderung pasif dalam berbagai kegiatan pengelolaan wisata alam Badega Gunung sehingga berimbas pada tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat., Natural tourism management can’t be separated from the active role of the community in an effort to improve the welfare of the community. Community welfare is a picture of life that is desired by all people by making efforts to improve the standard of living. The progress of natural tourism is also inseparable from the concern of the people in the tourist area. Social capital in natural tourism management affects the welfare of the community. This social capital can be seen from the trust, norm, and network. Social capital has an important role for the sustainability of natural tourism areas because without social capital the management of tourist areas will not be able to develop. The results showed that there was a significant difference between the level of community welfare before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. During the COVID-19 pandemic, people tend to be passive in various management activities of Badega Gunung natural tourism so that it has an impact on the level of community welfare.
Keyword: Community welfare, social capital, nature tourism

Judul: Community Participation and Development Strategy for Nature  Tourism Partners in the Buffer Area of Mount Ciremai National Park
Abstrak: Pengelolaan wisata alam di kawasan Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai (TNGC) dilakukan dalam bentuk partisipasi bersama masyarakat untuk menciptakan masyarakat yang mandiri dan sejahtera. Penelitan bertujuan untuk menyusun strategi pengembangan masyarakat di wilayah penyangga dengan meninjau potensi wisata, karakteristik, persepsi, dan partisipasi masyarakat. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, kuesioner, observasi lapang, dan studi pustaka. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif, kuantitatif melalui pengukuran skala likert dan analisis SWOT. Strategi pengembangan masyarakat di Desa Pasawahan dan Desa Bantaragung yaitu strategi SO, menggunakan kekuatan berupa potensi wisata untuk memanfaatkan peluang berupa kerjasama dengan pemerintah dan swasta untuk memasarkan produk wisata. Program yang dilakukan berupa kegiatan peningkatan kapasitas pengetahuan dan keterampilan masyarakat melalui sosialisasi, pelatihan, dan pembinaan. Masyarakat dapat meningkatkan kreativitas dan menciptakan inovasi baru terkait produk wisata dengan memperhatikan konflik sosial dan kelestarian kawasan, serta peluang kerjasama untuk memasarkan produk wisata., Management of natural tourism in the Gunung Ciremai National Park (TNGC) area is carried out in the form of joint participation with the community to create an independent and prosperous society. The research aims to develop a strategy for community development in the buffer zone by reviewing tourism potential, characteristics, perceptions, and community participation. Data were collected through interviews, questionnaires, field observations, and literature studies. Data were analyzed descriptively, quantitatively through Likert scale measurements and SWOT analysis. The community development strategy in Pasawahan Village and Bantaragung Village, namely the SO strategy, uses strengths in the form of tourism potential to take advantage of opportunities in the form of collaboration with the government and the private sector to market tourism products. The program is carried out in the form of activities to increase the knowledge capacity and skills of the community through socialization, training, and coaching. The community can increase creativity and create new innovations related to tourism products by paying attention to social conflicts and regional sustainability, as well as opportunities for cooperation to market tourism products.
Keyword: Community development, community participation, nature tourism

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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