Judul: Konsumsi dan Kecernaan Nutrien Kambing Sapera Prasapih yang Diberi Milk Replacer dengan Sumber Protein Berbeda
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengukur konsumsi dan mengevaluasi kecernaan nutrien pada kambing Sapera prasapih yang diberi ransum milk replacer yang mengandung tepung maggot atau tepung bungkil kedelai. Penelitian ini menggunakan 9 ekor kambing Sapera prasapih, dengan bobot badan rata-rata 10,59 ± 1,59 kg yang diberi pakan perlakuan. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 3 x 3. Perlakuan tersebut adalah P1 (susu induk kambing), P2 (milk replacer mengandung tepung maggot), P3 (milk replacer mengandung tepung bungkil kedelai). Parameter yang diukur adalah konsumsi nutrien dan kecernaan nutrien. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan perbedaan signifikan dievaluasi lebih lanjut menggunakan Uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap konsumsi bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, BETN, TDN, serta kecernaan protein kasar dan lemak kasar, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata kecernaan bahan kering, serat kasar, dan BETN. Simpulan dari penelitian ini, Pemberian milk replacer mengandung tepung maggot dan tepung bungkil kedelai meningkatkan konsumsi bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar, BETN, dan TDN, serta kecernaan protein kasar. Tetapi tidak berpengaruh terhadap kecernaan bahan kering, serat kasar, dan BETN. Pemberian milk replacer mengandung tepung maggot dan tepung bungkil kedelai menurunkan konsumsi serat kasar., The aim of this research was to measure consumption and evaluate nutrient digestibility in preweaned Sapera goats by administering a milk replacer containing maggot meal or soybean meal. This research used 9 pre-weaned Sapera goats, with an average body weight of 10.59 ± 1.59 kg fed on diet treatments. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with 3 x 3. The diet treatments were P1 (goat milk), P2 (milk replacer containing maggot meal), and P3 (milk replacer containing soybean meal). The parameters measured were nutrient consumption and nutrient digestibility. The data were analyzed using ANOVA and significant differences were further analysed using Duncan Test. The results showed that the treatment significantly affected (P<0.05) the consumption of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber, BETN, and TDN, as well as digestibility of crude protein, but did not significantly affect digestibility of dry matter, crude fat, crude fiber, and BETN. The conclusion from this study, feeding milk replacer containing maggot meal and soybean meal increased dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, BETN, and TDN, as well as crude protein digestibility. But it did not affect the digestibility of dry matter, crude fiber, and BETN. Feeding milk replacer containing maggot meal and soybean meal increased reduces crude fiber consumption.
Keyword: maggot, milk replacer, nutrient consumption, nutrient digestibility, sapera goat, soybean

Judul: The Effect of Using Different Protein Sources in Milk Replacer on the Performance of Pre-wearing Sapera kids Goats
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi performa anak kambing sapera yang diberi susu pengganti dengan protein berbeda yaitu bungkil BSF dan bungkil kedelai yang ditambah minyak BSF. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan, 15 ekor kambing Sapera prasapih dengan berat badan rata-rata 3,38 + 0,73 kg dan koefisien variasi 21,49 % dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok perlakuan: P1 = susu induk, P2 = susu pengganti mengandung bungkil BSF dan minyak BSF, dan P3 = susu pengganti yang mengandung bungkil kedelai dan minyak BSF. Parameter yang diamati penambahan berat badan (berat badan harian dan berat badan dari lahir sampai sapih), konsumsi nutrient (Protein Kasar, dan Lemak Kasar), dan rasio konversi pakan (FCR). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam ANOVA (Analyses of Variance) dan bila terjadi perbedaan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan menggunakan software SPSS 25. Penggunaan susu pengganti mengandung sumber protein berbeda berupa bungkil BSF dengan minyak BSF dan bungkil kedelai dengan minyak BSF dan dengan pemberian bahan kering 4% dari bobot badan ternak dapat mengimbangi performa anak kambing fase prasapih yang diberi susu kambing induk. Berdasarkan data konsumsi bahan kering, protein kasar, lemak kasar perlakuan susu induk (P1) nyata lebih rendah dibanding perlakuan susu pengganti bungkil BSF dengan minyak BSF (P2) dan susu pengganti bungkil kedelai dengan minyak BSF (P3). Pada perlakuan susu induk (P1) memberikan performa dan Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) yang sama baik dengan perlakuan susu pengganti di sebabkan nilai nutrient yang lebih tinggi. Sehingga, susu pengganti dengan sumber protein berbeda berupa bungkil BSF dengan minyak BSF dan bungkil kedelai dengan minyak BSF dapat digunakan sebagai susu pengganti induk kambing (susu induk)., The purpose of this study was to evaluate the differents of protein sources, namely maggot meal (Black Soldier Fly) and soybean meal in a milk replacer, affected Sapera kids goat performance. This study, used 15 pre-weaning Sapera kid goats with an average body weight of 3.38 + 0.73 kg and a coefficient of variation of 21.49 % and divided into three groups: P1 = Does milk, P2 = milk substitute containing BSF meal and BSF oil, and P3 = milk substitutes containing soybean meal and BSF oil. Parameter recorded were: body weight gain, feed and nutrient consumption (crude protein and crude fat). The study was conducted in randomized complete block design. Data obtained were analysed of variance (ANOVA) using SPSS 25 software. Providing milk replacer at 4% kids BW was able to achieve comparable performance of preweaning kids in treatment P1 (does milk). According to consumption data on dry matter, crude protein, and crude fat, 4%. Treatment of does milk (P1), was significantly lower than BSF meal replacement milk with BSF oil (P2), and soybean meal replacement milk with BSF oil (P3). P1 (does milk) treatment had feed conversion ratio (FCR) similar to milk replacer. This was due milk replacer had higher nutrition value. Therefore, different protein sources namely BSF meal with BSF oil, or soybean meal with BSF oil can be used as does milk replacer.
Keyword: black soldier fly milk replacer and soybean meal, bodyweight, FCR, nutrient consumption, pre-weaning sapera kids goat

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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