Judul: Model loglinear dan model logit untuk menganalisis hubungan beberapa faktor dengan status perkawinan penduduk berumur 10 tahun ke atas di Jawa
Abstrak: Tujuan karya ilmiah ini adalah mencoba membandingkan tabel kontingensi dan model loglinear untuk melihat hu- bungan antara daerah tinggal, pendidikan tertinggi, dan kelompok umur dengan status perkawinan pada penduduk ber- umur 10 tahun ke atas di Jawa. Selanjutnya model logline- ar yang terbaik' dimodifikasi menjadi model logit untuk melihat pengaruh daerah tinggal, pendidikan tertinggi, dan kelompok umur terhadap status perkawinan. Cara pengkelasan yang berbeda dari peubah-peubah yang diamati bisa menghasilkan hasil yang berbeda. Penggunaan tabel kontingensi untuk melihat hubungan antara peubah-peubah yang diamati kurang informatif, kare- na dilakukan dengan mengamati hubungan pasangan-pasangan peubah secara terpisah, sehingga interaksi ordo kedua dan ordo ketiga tidak diperoleh. Analisis dengan menggunakan model loglinear yang di- lanjutkan dengan model logit, lebih baik dan lebih infor- matif dibandingkan dengan menggunakan tabel kontingensi.
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Judul: Penerapan model logit untuk menerangkan beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi paritas di D.I. Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Dari berbagai penelitian telah banyak diungkapkan hubungan berbagai faktor dengan fertilitas. Dalam karya tulis ini digunakan suatu model yang dinamakan Model logit (yang dimodifikasi dari model loglinear) untuk mengungkapkan pengaruh antara umur perkawinan pertama, pendidikan dan pemakian kontrasepsi (sebagai peubah penjelas) terhadap paritas (sebagai peubah respon) yang merupakan ukuran dari fertilitas. Dalam penelitian ini digunakan data sekunder dari hasil Survei Prevalensi Kontrasepsi Indonesia (SPI) 1987. Model loglinear terbaik yang terpilih adalah model loglinear dengan notasi [123] [234][14]. Sedangkan model logit yang didapatkan dari model loglinear tersebut adalah logitijk w+ WI(3) + W20) + W3(k) + W23(k) Model logit tersebut menggambarkan bahwa paritas di D.Ι. Yogyakarta dipengaruhi oleh umur kawin pertama, pendidikan dan pemakaian kontrasepsi serta interaksi antara pendidikan dengan pemakaian kontrasepsi.
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Judul: Application of phycocyanin from microalgae Spirulina platensis as light harvesting in anatase TiO2 nanoparticle solar cell.
Abstrak: The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been assemblied used hybrid titanium oxide (TiO2) film/phycocyanin. The TiO2 film was synthesized by sol gel method with titanium chlorida (TiCl4) as precursor by hydrolysis used sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Furthermore, it calcinated for 2,5 hours in variation of annealing temperature (400oC, 600oC, 800oC, dan 1000oC). In XRD patterns exhibited which annealing temperature at 400oC to 800oC were anatase phase all. When annealed at temperature 1000oC, it caused phase transformation from anatase to rutile. The crystals size according to XRD patterns were 13,75 nm, 20,79 nm, 25,25 nm, 48,88 nm and particle size from SEM images were 43,06 nm, 44,91 nm dan 64,99 nm, 80,40 nm, respectively. The crystals and particle size increased with annealing temperature. The film thickness influenced material absorption. The optical measurement of TiO2 film and TiO2/phycocyanin hybrid film used UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Additional phycocyanin caused peak width of absorbed region from ultraviolet to visible region. The band gap energy of TiO2 can be calculated using the cut off wavelength obtained from the absorbance spectrum of a nanoparticles TiO2 films. Based on intersection between linear and energy (hv) axis. In this study just limited for anatase phase. It was caused anatase band gap is wider than rutile phase. That’s meaningful for solar cell application such as dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The absorption coefficient average at difference annealing temperature such as at 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 8,1600x102, 1,7535x103 and 4,0154x102, where α < 104 include to direct transition. Band gap energy 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 3,79 eV, 3,59 eV, and 3,35 eV, respectively. Based on this result, exhibition that band gap energy of TiO2 semiconductor film decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Spirulina platensis was cultivated in technical modification (Hastuti) with aeration under light intensity about 3000 lux. The cell density (stationer phase) for eighth day which OD value was more than 0,5. It means, the culture can be harvested. In 80 liters Spirulina platensis culture have been produced biomass dry about 10,46 gram and extracted phycocyanin in dry powders was 5,50 gram. The phycocyanin absorption spectrum at the wavelength of 619,36 nm (visible region) which had relaxation energy was 2,945 eV. The emission peak at the wavelength of 708,55 nm with relaxation energy about 2,793 eV. The Stokes shift based on difference energy absorption and emission calculated about 0,152 eV. Both of this showed phycocyanin can absorbed and radiated the sun light which received. This choice characteristic pigment was a good one related to sensitizer in solar cell application. Integration between light harvesting protein and TiO2 semiconductor surface had important role in improving of output as solar cell materials. The presence of carboxylate group (-COOH) made pigment be more efficient was due to anchored to the surface of TiO2 ampoter. The phycocyanin pigment had carboxylate group which reacted with TiO2 surface formed ester. The carboxylate group increased of dye electronics couple from excited state (p anti bonding orbital) to semiconductor acceptor state (TiO2 conduction band). The samples which made based on annealing temperature variation formed be solar cell respectively. Furthermore, cells be assembled for
Keyword: anatase, dye sensitized solar cell, efficiency, gap energy, phycocyanin