Judul: Characteristics of Diurnal Rainfall and its Relationship with Wind Speed and Direction in Bogor City
Abstrak: Kota Bogor merupakan wilayah yang dikelilingi pegunungan dan terbuka terhadap angin laut sehingga menerima curah hujan relatif tinggi. Distribusi curah hujan diantaranya dipengaruhi oleh arah dan kecepatan angin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik curah hujan serta hubungannya dengan arah dan kecepatan angin. Analisis curah hujan serta angin dilakukan dengan mengamati pola, persentase kejadian dan peluang curah hujan bulanan. Hasil analisis data tahun 2017-2020 menunjukkan Kota Bogor memiliki pola curah hujan monsunal semi ekuatorial dengan puncak musim hujan terjadi pada bulan April dan Oktober. Pola curah hujan diurnal menunjukkan adanya peningkatan curah hujan pada siang hari hingga malam hari dengan puncak curah hujan terjadi pada sore hari. Angin dari arah lautan memengaruhi terjadinya hujan konvektif, sedangkan kecepatan angin yang lebih rendah dari arah pegunungan menyebabkan hujan orografis pada malam hari hingga pagi hari. Curah hujan diurnal pada bulan Desember hingga Februari menunjukkan curah hujan dapat terjadi setiap jam, berbeda dengan bulan Juni hingga Agustus yang hampir tidak ada curah hujan pada malam hari hingga awal siang hari. Angin Monsun Barat yang bersifat basah memengaruhi pembentukan hujan setiap jam. Sementara itu, kecepatan angin per menit bersifat tidak stabil saat awal kejadian hingga turunnya hujan dengan arah angin yang berasal dari semua arah. Kejadian hujan rata-rata pada bulan Desember hingga Februari terjadi setiap jam, terjadi peningkatan pada pukul 15.00-18.00 WIB. Peluang curah hujan bulanan lebih dari 60 mm/bulan sebesar 1 dan lebih dari 100 mm/bulan sebesar 0,9., Bogor City is surrounded by mountains and open to sea breezes, receiving relatively high rainfall. Rainfall distribution is influenced by wind direction and speed. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of rainfall and its relationship with wind direction and speed. Analysis of rainfall and wind is done by observing the pattern, percentage of occurrence, and chance of monthly rainfall. The results of data analysis from 2017-2020 show that Bogor City has a semi-equatorial monsoonal rainfall pattern with the peak of the rainy season occurring in April and October. Diurnal rainfall patterns show increased rainfall from day to night with peak rainfall occurring in the afternoon. Winds from the ocean influence convective rainfall, while lower wind speeds from the mountains cause orographic rainfall at night into the morning. Diurnal rainfall in December to February shows that rainfall can occur every hour, in contrast to June to August where there is almost no rainfall during the night to early afternoon. Wet Western Monsoon winds influence the formation of hourly rainfall. Meanwhile, the wind speed per minute is unstable from the beginning of the event to the rainfall with wind direction coming from all directions. Average rainfall events in December through February occur hourly, with an increase at 15:00-18:00 WIB. The probability of monthly rainfall of more than 60 mm/month is 1 and more than 100 mm/month is 0.9.
Keyword: Bogor, rainfall, wind speed, wind direction

Judul: Analisis Curah Hujan Harian Maksimum dan Ekstrim di Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: The impact of extreme rainfall often cause serious problems for human being. However, the study of extreme rainfall is needed, so the impact of such extreme events can be anticipated as early as possible. This research aims to know the changes of extreme and maximum daily rainfall at some stations of Bogor Regency, and analyze the relationship between maximum daily rainfall with IOD condition (Indian Ocean Dipole) and SOI (Southern Oscillation Index). The analysis which used in this study are trend test using the Spearman Rank statistics and the probability distribution to acquire the probability of extreme rainfall and analyze maximum daily rainfall data with exceedence probability 5%, 10%, 25% and 50%. Correlation analysis was used to test the relationship between maximum daily rainfall with SOI and IOD. The results show that extreme rainfall occur in January, February and March, even occur in April. The most statistical distribution describes the maximum daily rainfall data in Bogor regency is Normal and Lognormal distribution. In some stasion, 3-Parameter Lognormal distribution, Gamma and Weibull can describes maximum daily rainfall data in dry season. The probability of extremes rainfall based on consecutively three day rainfall in region of this study is high enough, that is 0.80 at Gunung Mas, 0.23 at Katulampa, and 0.13 at Empang stasion. Generally, SOI and IOD significantly correlated and consistent on the maximum daily rainfall patterns in Bogor area in dry season and inconsistent in rainy season.
Keyword: 

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
Keyword: