Judul: Deteksi Gen hpt dan bar untuk Uji Kestabilan Transposon Ac/Ds pada Padi Mutan IR64
Abstrak: Ac/Ds transposon system can be used to gain variety of mutant rice genotype and for identifying the function of mutant gen especially IR64 rice. However to obtain mutant plant that we want, stable transposon is required in order to avoid transposon movement to other chromosoms. This research has analyzed 26 samples of genom DNA of first generation (T0) plants with polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using bar and hpt primer also Southern hybridization analyzing. There is 26 genom DNA samples of second generation (T1) plants analyzed with PCR. PCR analyzation showed that transposon Ac/Ds is occur in all samples. Southern hybridization showed that 14 of 26 T0 plants contain single copy of T-DNA. Fourteen T1 generation plants contain stable Ds transposon based on the results of PCR analysis. This research proved that Ds transposon is stable because it was inherited on the next generation
Keyword: stability analysis, Ac/Ds transposon, IR64

Judul: Amplifikasi Gen Bar dan Gen Hpt Terkait Stabilitas Padi Mutan Serta Evaluasi Karakter Agronominya
Abstrak: Transposon Ac / Ds system containing an activation tagging constructs serves to develop a mutant plant that will produce changes in phenotype. This study aims to amplify the bar and hpt genes related to the stability of the mutant rice transposon Ac/Ds and observe the changes in phenotype based on the agronomy characters. Rice plant materials used for the study were six mutant T2 rice lines IR.64 (total 214 plants) and IR64 wild type rice as a control. The DNA of mutant plants was isolated and then amplified by PCR technique using primers specific for the bar and hpt genes. The results showed that the bar and hpt genes in the rice plant IR.64 mutant T2 with size were ± 700 bp and ± 600 bp. Evaluation of agronomic characters showed there were changes in these characters of mutant rice lines IR64 generation T2 that probably caused by the transposon insertion element containing 4x enhancer.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), IR64., agronomic traits, Ac / Ds transposon

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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