Judul: The Characteristics of the Sound Wave Velocity and its Relation to Production of Pine Resin and Anatomy Tapping
Abstrak: Getah pohon pinus merupakan hasil hutan yang sangat penting dan mempunyai nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Berbagai metode penyadapan yang berkembang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi getah. Pengujian dengan menggunakan metode non-destruktif testing (NDT) berbasis gelombang suara biasa digunakan untuk menduga kondisi internal dalam mengevaluasi kualitas pohon di lapangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik kecepatan rambatan gelombang suara pada kayu pinus sadapan dan kaitannya dengan produksi getah berdasarkan penyebaran jumlah dan diameter saluran resin. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tegakan pinus sebanyak 72 pohon yang terdiri atas 36 pohon disadap, dan 36 pohon lainnya disadap dengan penambahan stimulansia. Alat yang digunakan adalah SylvatestDuo untuk mengukur kecepatan gelombang suara, kadukul untuk penyadapan dengan metode quarre atau koakan dan bor riap untuk pengambilan sampel anatomi., Resin form pine trees are important forest products that have a high economic value. Various tapping methods have been developed to improve productivity of the pine resin. On the other hand, the method of non-destructive testing (NDT) based on sound wave propagation have been known and used widely to estimate internal quality of wood and can be used since in-situ evaluation of standing trees. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of the sound wave velocity in relation to pine resin productivity as well as the anatomical properties of frequency and diameter intercellular of resin. The research was conducted on 72 pine trees consisted of 36 trees which were tapped by the quarre method and 36 other trees were tapped by the quarre method plus giving the chemical stimulants. The main equipment used were NDT tool of Sylvatest-Duo, "kadukul" for tapping in quarre method, and increment borer to take anatomy sample.
Keyword: Pinus merkusii, NDT, sound wave velocity, resin tapping

Judul: Condition of Damage and Recovery of Pine Trees due to Tapping in Gunung Walat University Forest
Abstrak: Penyadapan getah pinus dapat dilakukan dengan berbagai metode yang salah satunya menggunakan metode koakan (quarre). Sistem koakan dinilai sangat mudah, praktis, tidak memerlukan banyak peralatan dan sangat sederhana. Namun metode sadapan ini mempunyai kelemahan yaitu memiliki tingkat kerusakan yang tinggi. Kerusakan pohon akibat sadapan yang tidak sesuai standar penyadapan getah pinus dapat menyebabkan terganggunya kelestarian tegakan dan proses pemulihan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi pohon akibat penyadapan getah pinus, mengukur tingkat pemulihanya dan mengetahui hubungan antara kedalaman sadapan dan lebar sadapan terhadap pemulihan sadapan pinus. Penelitian dilakukan pada 45 plot contoh dari total 28 petak sadapan pinus dengan intensitas sampling 5% pada petak ukur lingkaran 0,1 ha. Hasil penelitian diperoleh data rata-rata kerusakan dan presentase pemulihan sadapan yang terdiri dari jumlah sadapan dengan rata-rata 6 sadapan per pohon, lebar sadapan 6,62cm, kedalaman sadapan 6,17 cm, dan tinggi sadapan 156 cm, serta tingkat pemulihan sadapan sebesar 9,79%. Kata kunci: pinus, penyadapan, kerusakan sadapan, pemulihan sadapan, Tapping pine sap can be done using various methods, one of which is using the quarre method. The quarre system is considered very easy, practical, does not require a lot of equipment and is very simple. However, this tapping method has a weakness, namely that it has a high level of damage. Damage to trees due to tapping that does not comply with pine sap tapping standards can disrupt stand sustainability and the recovery process. This research aims to determine the condition of trees due to pine sap tapping, measure the level of recovery and determine the relationship between tapping depth and tapping width on the recovery of pine sap. The research was carried out on 45 sample plots from a total of 28 pine tapping plots with a sampling intensity of 5% in 0.1 ha circle measuring plots. The research results obtained data on the average damage and percentage of recovery of tappings consisting of the number of tappings with an average of 6 tappings per tree, tapping width of 6.62cm, tapping depth of 6.17 cm, and tapping height of 156 cm, and tapping recovery rate of 9.79%. Key words: pine, tapping, tapping damage, tapping recovery
Keyword: pine, tapping, tapping damage, tapping recovery

Judul: Query Expansion based on Bilingual Dictionary Using Conditional Probability
Abstrak: Query expansion is a technique that can be used to bridge vocabulary gaps between queries and documents in the collection. With query expansion, user will be helped to formulate queries well so that user will optimize the search result. In this study, the expansion term was resulted from the translation of bilingual dictionary. Subsequently, several terms of expansion were elected based on the closeness of its relationship with the original query. This research showed that conditional probability can be used to select expansion term in bilingual translation method query expansion. The result of 1000 documents was more than 97% relevan document can be retrieved by this system. The more expansion term used, the larger number relevan document was retrieved.
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