Judul: Rencana Bisnis Pengembangan Rimpang Kunyit dengan Pendekatan Cooperative Entrepreneur di Bogor
Abstrak: Preparation of business plan is required to simplify and clarify the illustration for entering or starting a business. The non-financial analysis of this business consist of market aspect, operational aspect, organization and human resources aspect, and risk analysis. Product of this processing business is a powdered turmeric are packed with vacuum packaging technology with sell price 228.9 USD (Rp2 610 000) in 10 kg packages. Market target of this product is overseas market, especially in Argentina. The selected enterprise of this business is cooperative where the members are from the turmeric farmers in Bogor. Net profit obtained in the first year is Rp263 205 000, Rp153 383 in the second year, and Rp193 216 in the next years. With cooperative entrepreneur approaches, farmers as a raw material supplier will get higher sell price, there is Rp9 000 in the first year and Rp12 000 in the next years.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), turmeric, cooperative entrepreneur, business plan

Judul: Rencana Bisnis Produk Temulawak Bubuk Berorientasi Ekspor Melalui Pendekatan Cooperative Entrepreneur di Bogor
Abstrak: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorriza Roxb.) is one of biopharmaceutical plant that has a potency to be developed in West Java. This research aims to design the business plan of the processing fresh java turmeric through Cooperative Entrepreneur approach. The business will be located in Bogor. The production processing is converting fresh java turmeric into granule using modern technology, and packed using vacuum packing. The market target of this product is herbal medicine industries and phyto-pharmacy in America. The product is sold at the price of Rp 244 000 per kg or USD 21.4. Financial analysis shows that the business is highly prospective and can be implemented. Net profit in the first year is Rp556 501 000, second until third year is Rp535 503 000, and the next year is Rp562 785 000. Through cooperative entrepreneur approach, farmers can obtain the higher price so it can increase the wealthiness of the farmers.
Keyword: java turmeric., cooperative entrepreneur, business plans

Judul: Categorization in Macaca fascicularis.
Abstrak: Categorization is an ability to group individuals or events into different classes mediated by conceptualized mental images. There are several levels of categorization and within a taxonomy the levels are nested. At the most concrete level of categorization, all or most members of the category shared common physical attributes that differ from other categories. The higher the level of category, the fewer common attributes between members of the group. In addition to humans, the ability to categorize has also been proposed in animals. One example of categorization in animal is species discrimination. Using matching-tosample task, present experiment tested ability of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in discriminating dichotomous-stimuli of different animals. The species has been shown to be able to see photos as representations of real object so I used facial photos of humans and animals for the stimuli. First, I tested their ability to classify humans and macaques into separate group. Second, I tested their ability to discriminate their conspecific from other macaques. And the last, I tested whether the subjects were able to discriminate non-human animals from humans. In all of these experiments I found that the subjects showed high performance in categorizing objects, even when I discarded details of visual informations, such as color and local shapes. The ability to identify objects with reduced representation of physical properties means the subjects were able to generalize attributes of members of the group. This would indicate that the subjects created a higher level abstraction. On the other hand, in discriminating intrageneric macaque species I found that they were able to extract uniqueness of each species. More over, I also found that the subjects were able to put photos of non-human animals that shared very few similarities in physical percepts into one group. I suggested that the subjects could create a more abstract concept based on non-percepts relations as a basis to put the objects into one category. Thus, I concluded that M. fascicularis were able to perform multiple levels of categorizations.
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