Judul: Correlation Between Abundance of Herbivorous Reef Fish And Benthic Cover Condition in Tunda Island
Abstrak: Pulau Tunda termasuk dalam wilayah Kabupaten Serang, Provinsi Banten dan memiliki potensi ekosistem terumbu karang seperti ikan karang, sebagai penjaga keseimbangan ekosistem ekologis dan estetika lingkungan bawah air. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kelimpahan ikan karang herbivora di berbagai lokasi pengamatan dan hubungannya dengan komposisi komunitas bentik di Pulau Tunda. Metode pengamatan yang digunakan adalah Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) untuk komunitas bentik dan Underwater Visual Census (UVC) untuk komunitas ikan. Secara umum kondisi terumbu karang Pulau Tunda termasuk kategori sedang, dengan kekayaan jenis ikan 9 spesies dari 2 famili. Lima kategori bentik yang ditemukan dengan tutupan tertinggi oleh abiotik (44,06%-68,38%). Ada 14 lifeform karang keras dengan tutupan tertinggi pada coral massive (16,63%-39,23%). Kelimpahan ikan karang herbivora adalah 47 individu dari famili Scaridae dan Acanthuridae. Berdasarkan perilaku makan, ada kelompok ikan herbivora terbagi menjadi scrapers (66%) dan grazers (34%). Hasil analisis korespondensi menghubungkan grazers dengan Acropora Submassive (ACS), sedangkan scrapers dengan Acropora Tabulate (ACT) dan Dead Coral with Algae (DCA)., Tunda Island is part of the Serang District, Banten Province and has the potential in reef ecosystem such as reef fish, as a keeper of the ecological ecosystems balance and an underwater aesthetic. The purpose of this study is to analyze the abundance of herbivorous coral at various observation sites and its relationship with the bentic community on Tunda Island. The methods used are Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) for the benthic community and Underwater Visual Census (UVC) for fish communities. In general, coral reef conditions in Tunda Island categorized as moderate, with reef fish diversity of 9 species from 2 famili. Five categories of reefs were found with the highest percentage coverage owned by abiotic (44,06%-68,3866%). A total of 14 lifeforms of hard coral growth were found with the highest percentage coverage by massive corals (16,63%-39,23%). The study found 47 herbivorous reef fish, mainly scrapers (66%), and grazers (34%), belonging to the Scaridae and Acanthuridae families. This research highlighted grazers community corespondence to Acropora Submassive (ACS), while scrapers with Acropora Tabulate (ACT) and Dead Coral with Algae (DCA).
Keyword: Benthic Communities, Hard Coral, Herbivorous Reef Fish, Grouping

Judul: Linkage Between Reef Fish with Benthic Cover Community at Tunda Island Waters, Banten Bay
Abstrak: Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem yang kompleks yang berperan penting sebagai habitat untuk ikan-ikan kecil, serta sumber mata pencaharian bagi masyarakat pesisir dan pulau-pulau kecil. Ikan terumbu adalah salah satu biota yang hidup di ekosistem terumbu karang dan sangat bergantung pada kondisi terumbu karang. Berdasarkan Perda Kabupaten Serang No. 2 Tahun 2013 tentang Rencana Zonasi Wilayah Pesisir dan Pulau-Pulau Kecil (RZWP3K) Pulau Tunda termasuk dalam pulau yang menjadi bagian dari program pengembangan wisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji struktur komunitas ikan terumbu dan kelimpahannya serta keterkaitan ikan terumbu dengan pertumbuhan karang keras di perairan Pulau Tunda, Teluk Banten. Pengambilan data ikan dilakukan dengan metode Underwater Visual Cencus dan pengambilan data terumbu karang menggunakan metode Underwater Photo Transect. Ditemukan sebanyak 13 bentuk pertumbuhan karang keras. Ditemukan total 20 famili, 41 genus, dan 91 spesies dengan total kelimpahan ikan sebesar 124,583±98,25 ind/250m2 individu ikan. Ditemukan total lima trofik ikan yaitu planktivora, omnivora, koralivora, karnivora, dan herbivora. Analisis koresponden (CA) menunjukkan informasi sebesar 61,4 % pada dim 1 dan 24,52% pada dim 2. Ditemukan keterkaitan antara famili ikan karang dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang keras antara lain famili ikan kecil seperti Pomacentridae, Apogonidae, Holocentridae, Bleenidae, Pinguipedidae, Chaetodontidae, Zanclidae, Pomacanthidae, dan Labridae memiliki keterkaitan dengan karang dengan bentuk pertumbuhan bercabang, Muraenidae memiliki keterkaitan dengan bentuk komunitas bentik yang memiliki celah pada terumbu, serta ikan herbivora dan perenang cepat seperti Acanthuridae dan Scaridae berkaitan dengan bentuk pertumbuhan karang bongkahan besar., Coral reef ecosystem is a complex ecosystem that play an important role as habitat for juvenile fish, also as source of livelihood for coastal and archipelago people. Reef fish is one of biota that live in coral reef ecosystem and also really depend on coral reef condition. Based on Regional Law of Serang Regency No. 2 Year 2013 of Zoning Plan for Coastal Areas and Small Islands (RZWP3K), Tunda island include as island that be a part of tourism development program. The purpose of this study is to study the community structure of reef fish and its abundance also the linkage between reef fish and hardcoral lifeform at Tunda Islands water, Banten strait. Reef fish data retrievel used Underwater Visual Cencus method and coral reef data retrieval used Underwater Photo Transect. 13 hard coral were found. Found total 20 family, 41 genus, and 91 species with average total abundance 124,583±98,25 ind/250m2 individual fish. Found total five trophic level of fish such as planktivore, omnivore, coralivore, carnivore, and herbivore. Correspondent Analysis (CA) result provide information about 61,4% at dim 1 and 24,52% at dim 2. Found linkage between reef fish family with coral reef lifeform such as small fish family such as Pomacentridae, Apogonidae, Holocentridae, Bleenidae, Pinguipedidae, Chaetodontidae, Zancliidae, Pomacanthidae, and Labridae have linkage with branching coral lifeform, Muraenidae have linkage with benthic community that have gap in the reef area, and herbivore and fast swimmer fish such as Acanthuridae and Scaridae have have ingkage with boulder lifeform
Keyword: Ekosistem, Kelimpahan, Tutupan

Judul: Katalis Eterifikasi Gliserol Berbasis Poli–(asam stirena sulfonat) dari Limbah Styrofoam.
Abstrak: Styrofoam waste can be converted to poly–(sulfonate styrene acid) (PSSA) that can be used as catalyst. The objective of this research is to get PSSA that can catalyze the etherification of glycerol and benzyl alcohol. The styrofoam waste was converted to PSSA by reacting with H2SO4 98% (as sulfonation agent) and P2O5 (as sulfonation catalyst) at 40 °C for 6 hours. Characterizations of PSSA included functional groups, sulfonation levels, water swelling, and thermal stability. The yield of PSSA was 40-55%. The success of sulfonated polystyrene was shown by –SO3H group absorption at 1157.29 cm-1. Etherification of glycerol and benzyl alcohol using PSSA catalyst was conducted at 110 °C for 12 hours. The conversion in producing mono–benzyl ether glycerol was 8.10%, 1,3–dibenzyletherglycerol 2.60%, and dibenzyl ether 9.80%. Therefore, the PSSA can be used as etherification catalyst.
Keyword: benzyl alcohol, etherification, glycerol, polystyrene, PSSA