Judul: The Effectiveness of the Empowerment Program and Relationship with the Household Empowerment of Farmer Group Members during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 turut berdampak terhadap pelambatan distribusi hasil pertanian termasuk kopi dan pecapaian tujuan program pemberdayaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas program pemberdayaan dan hubungannya dengan keberdayaan rumah tangga anggota kelompok tani pada masa pandemi COVID-19. Data primer diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur menggunakan kuesioner terhadap 30 petani. Data sekunder diperoleh dari BPS dan lembaga terkait. Data kualitatif dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam dengan informan dan observasi lapang. Uji korelasi rank spearman digunakan untuk menganalisis hubungan antar variabel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan pada aktivitas program pemberdayaan pada masa pandemi dan keberdayaan anggota kelompok tani di Kelompok Tani Mekar Wangi Jaya juga semakin berdaya. Semakin efektif program pemberdayaan, maka rumah tangga anggota kelompok tani pada masa pandemi COVID-19 semakin berdaya., The COVID-19 pandemic has hampered the distribution of agricultural products, including coffee beans and influenced the achievement of empowerment program. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the empowerment program and its relationship with household empowerment of farmer group members during the COVID-19 pandemic. Primary data were obtained through structured interviews using questionnaires to 30 farmers. Qualitative data were collected through in-depth interviews with informants and field observations. Rank spearman correlation test was used to analyaze correlations between the research variables. The results showed that there was a decline in empowerment program activities during the pandemic and the power of farmer group members at the Mekar Wangi Jaya Farmers Group also decreased. Farmer group empowerment program has positive correlation with power and welfare of the farmer group member.
Keyword: farmer group, COVID-19 pandemic, empowerment program

Judul: Participation and Empowerment of Participants in the Pangan  Lestari Program during Pandemic Era
Abstrak: Pemberlakuan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar berdampak pada penurunan partisipasi dalam pemberdayaan. Perilaku kepemimpinan dan efektivitas komunikasi antar pribadi merupakan faktor penting untuk meningkatkan partisipasi yang kemudian mendorong terwujudnya keberdayaan. Penelitian bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik peserta, perilaku kepemimpinan, dan efektivitas komunikasi antar pribadi terhadap partisipasi program dan menganalisis pengaruh partisipasi program terhadap keberdayaan. Penelitian menggunakan metode sensus pada 35 responden dan didukung dengan data kualitatif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, karakteristik peserta lama bergabung berpengaruh nyata terhadap partisipasi bidang pertanian; perilaku kepemimpinan mencontohkan cara dan membuka kesempatan berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap partisipasi bidang pertanian, perilaku kepemimpinan menantang proses berpengaruh nyata terhadap partisipasi bidang pertanian, dan perilaku kepemimpinan membuka kesempatan berpengaruh nyata terhadap partisipasi bidang peternakan; efektivitas komunikasi antar pribadi sikap mendukung berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadap partisipasi bidang pertanian, efektivitas komunikasi antar pribadi sikap positif dan kesetaraan berpengaruh nyata terhadap partisipasi bidang pertanian; partisipasi program umumnya berpengaruh terhadap keberdayaan., The imposition of large-scale social restrictions had an impact on decreasing participation in empowerment. Leadership behavior and the effectiveness of interpersonal communication are important factors to increase participation which then encourages the realization of empowerment. This study aims to analyze the impact of participant characteristics, leadership behavior, and the effectiveness of interpersonal communication on program participation and to analyze the impact of program participation on empowerment. The study used the census method on 35 respondents and was supported by qualitative data. Based on the results of the study, the characteristics of long-joined participants had a significant impact on participation in the agricultural sector; leadership behavior modelling the way and enabling others to act had a very real impact on participation in the agricultural sector, leadership behavior to challenge the process had a significant impact on participation in agriculture, and leadership behavior enabling others to act had a real impact on participation in the livestock sector; the effectiveness of interpersonal communication, supportive attitude, had a very significant impact on participation in the agricultural sector, the effectiveness of interpersonal communication, positive attitude and equality, had a significant impact on participation in the agricultural sector; Program participation generally affects empowerment.
Keyword: interpersonal communication, leadership behavior, pandemic, participation, empowerment

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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