Judul: Karakteristik massa air arlindo di Perairan Timur Indonesia pada musim timur
Abstrak: Sirkulasi massa air di perairan timur Indonesia yang dikenal secara internasional dengan istilah Indonesian Throughflow (Bray et al., 1996) atau Arus Lintas Indonesia (Arlindo) dalam Bahasa Indonesia (Ilahude dan Gordon, 1996) sangat menarik untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis massa air Arlindo di perairan timur Indonesia pada musim timur, yang meliputi analisis jalur lintasan Arlindo dan karakteristik massa air yang terlibat di dalamnya. Karakteristik massa air di Samudera Hindia dan di wilayah ekuator bagian barat Samudera Pasifik dianalisis juga sebagai bahan perbandingan. Kegiatan penelitian adalah berupa pengolahan data sekunder yang diperoleh dari the National Oceanographic Data Center (NODC), NOAA, Amerika Serikat. Lintasan Arlindo dianalisis berdasarkan gambar kontur sebaran anomali kedalaman dinamik di lapisan permukaan 0 dbar relatif terhadap permukaan 1000 dbar. Karakteristik massa air dianalisis berdasarkan ciri-ciri core layer (King, 1963) yang terlihat dalam grafik suhu-salinitas (S-S) dan grafik suhu-oksigen (S-O₂). Sebaran nilai anomali kedalaman dinamik di lapisan permukaan 0 dbar relatif terhadap permukaan 1000 dbar menunjukkan nilai yang cukup tinggi di Laut Cina, Laut Sulu, Laut Sulawesi, dan sebagian Samudera Pasifik, yaitu antara 1,8 dyn m sampai 1,9 dyn m. Di sebelah timur Mindanao nilainya lebih kecil (1,5 dyn m sampai 1,7 dyn m), sedang di sebagian Laut Sulu nilainya lebih besar (2,0 dyn m sampai 2,1 dyn m).
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Judul: Studi Karakteristik Massa Air Asal Samudera Pasifik di Perairan Timur Indonesia Pada Bulan November - Desember 1996.
Abstrak: Secara geografis perairan Indonesia berbatasan langsung dengan dua samudera besar dunia yaitu Samudera Pasifik dan Samudera. Adanya pergerakan massa air tersebut menyebabkan terciptanya kondisi oseanografi yang khas pada tiap wilayah laut di perairan Indonesia, khususnya di perairan timur. Penelitian mengenai karakteristik massa air ini dilakukan di wilayah perairan timur Indonesia yang tercakup dalam wilayah survei ARLINDO 96. Data ARLINDO 96 diperoleh dari pelayaran ARLINDO CIRCULATION 96 di perairan kawasan timur Indonesia yang meliputi perairan Selat Makassar bagian selatan, Laut Flores, Selat Kambing (antara Alor dan Wetar), Laut Banda, Laut Manui (Banda Utara), Selat Sanana, Laut Seram, dan Selat Lifomatola. Analisis data dilakukan terhadap sebaran menegak dan melintang suhu dan salinitas, diagram T-S (suhu-salinitas), diagram T-0 (suhu-oksigen) dan percampuran massa air menggunakan metode perhitungan Mamayev.
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Judul: Synthesis of Chicken Eggshells-Based β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics and Their Biocompatibility Test as A Tooth Filler
Abstrak: Preservation of alveolar bone following tooth extraction is an important step in dental practices before dental implant placement. This study reported synthesis of β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics and its biocompatibility test as a tooth filler to maintain the desired alveolar ridge dimension and stimulate the bone healing processes in the area of tooth loss. β-TCP bioceramics was resulted directly from precipitation of calcinated chicken eggshells as calcium source and phosphoric acid. The corresponding β-TCP was mixed with chitosan 2% to get β-TCP pellet for biocompatibility testing. Biocompatibility testing of β-TCP on lower incisor was performed in rabbits and sheep as animal model. In this study, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles showed that 1000 oC calcinated chicken eggshells correspond to calcium oxide (CaO). There was also transformation phase of CaO into Ca(OH)2 observed after more than three months stored. The XRD profiles proved that obtained β-TCP bioceramics by precipitation has the same pattern with that of reference data base and commercial β-TCP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were completely consistent with the result of crystallization processes observed by XRD measurements. Moreover, the purity of the product shown by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) resulted in Ca/P ratio of 1.48 which was closed to that of standard β-TCP ceramics. The repeatable XRD peaks patterns and FTIR spectra obviously showed the sample reproducibility. Sheep’s alveolar socket that is filled with the corresponding β-TCP demonstrated the expected results. The x-ray radiograph of sheep’s jaw indicated no change on mesio-distal of the edentulous area. Moreover, the histological results were completely consistent with the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic result which is proved by the formation of new bone. In the contrary with sheep’s result, histological results showed no tooth growth on rabbit proved by the presence of lipid and collagen on the extraction site. This result did not correspond to the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic results that demonstrated the tooth growth and erupted tooth. It is clear that the corresponding β-TCP could minimize the bone loss and maintain the dimension of alveolar ridge.
Keyword: β-tricalcium phosphate, chicken eggshells, rabbit, sheep, tooth filler