Judul: Pemanfaatan Beberapa lnokulum Bakteri Asam Laktat terhadap Karakteristik dan Daya Simpan Yogurt.
Abstrak: Tujuan dari Penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan produk baru dengan menggunakan kultur campuran dari dua hingga empat kombinasi jenis bakteri Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp, bulgaricus (LB). Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA). Lactobacillus plantarum (LP) dan Streptococcus saltvarius subsp. thermophilus (ST) serta mengetahui karakteristik fisikokimia yogurt yang dihasilkan selama penyimpanan.
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Judul: Pengembangan Yoghurt Menggunakan Bakteri Asam Laktat Is01at Air Susu Ibu.
Abstrak: Salah satu produk pangan fungsional yang sedang berkembang saat ini adaIah minuman susu fermentasi yang mengandung probiotik. Probiotik merupakan mikroorganisme hidup yang ketika dikonsumsi daIam jumlah tertentu akan meningkatkan keseimbangan jumlah flora dalam saluran pencernaan dan memiliki efek positif bagi kesehatan orang yang mengkonsumsinya. Probiotik hams mampu melalui lambung yang meruiliki asam lambung dengan pH 2,0 yang dapat mematikan sebagian besar mikroba yang melewatinya. Selain itu probiotik juga harus tahan terhadap garam empedu dalam sistem pencernaan. Peuelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kemampuan Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) isolat Air Susu Ibu (AS!), Lactobacillus rhamnosus B 16, Lactobacillus pentosus A7, Pediococcus pentosaceus A16, dan Lactobacillus fermentum A17f yang berpotensi sebagai probiotik, sebagai kultur starter daIam pembuatan yoghurt, menentukan medium terbaik, mengevaluasi pengaruh suhu dan waktu inkubasi, menguji pengaruh kombinasi BAL isolat ASI dengan Streptococcus thermophilus terhadap pembentukan asam pada yoghurt, mengetahui pengaruh waktu inkubasi terhadap pembentukan asam dan pertumbuhan BAL pada kultur terpilih, serta mengetahui penerimaan konsumen terhadap yoghurt yang dihasilkan. Penelitian iui dilakukan dalam beberapa tahap, meliputi: (1) Pengamatan morfologi kultur BAL isolat AS! (2) Pemiliban medium starter, (3) Pengaruh waktu dan suhu fermentasi yoghurt, (4) Kombinasi bakteri BAL isolat ASI dengan Streptococcus thermophillus, dan (5) Pengaruh lama inkubasi terhadap pembentukan asam dan pertumbuhan kultur BAL terpilih. Pengamatan yang dilakukan adalah uilai pH, total· asam tertitrasi (TAT), total BAL dan Lactobacillus, pembentukan whey dan curd, serta uji sensori (rasa, aroma, dan konsistensi) yoghurt.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite