Judul: Kombinasi Bakteri Metanotrof, Pereduksi Dinitrogen Oksida, dan Penambat Nitrogen sebagai Agen Pereduksi Gas Rumah Kaca dan Pupuk Hayati pada Tanaman Padi
Abstrak: High CH4 oxidation activity was found in methanotrophic bacteria (BGM 1, BGM 5, BGM 9, and SKM 14) isolated from paddy fields in Bogor and Sukabumi. Other bacteria, BL1 and BL2, are denitrifier that possess high N2O reduction activity. Those isolates combined with nitrogen (N2) fixing bacteria (Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp.) could be used as biofertilizer to reduce CH4 and N2O emissions and enhance paddy’s growth. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effectiveness of those bacterial combinations as biofertilizer and greenhouse gases reducing agent in paddy. This research was consisted of two experiments. The 1st experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design (CRD) with four replicates and consisted of fertilizer types (inorganic and bacteria) and watering system (submerged and periodically intermittent) treatments. The 2nd experiment was arranged in CRD with four replicates that consisted of bacterial fertilizer types, types of inorganic fertilizer dosages, and watering system factor (submerged and periodically intermittent). The result of the 1st experiment showed that the plant height was not affected by the treatment. Plant fresh weight, dry weight, number of productive tiller, grain per panicle were affected by type of fertilizer. Inorganic fertilizer increased CH4 flux and bacterial fertilizer reduced CH4 flux from paddy field. The best reduction of CH4 flux achieved by bacterial fertilizer contained BGM 1 and BGM 5 isolates. The result of the 2nd experiment showed that combination of BGM 5 – BGM 9 isolates and N2 fixing bacteria enhanced paddy vegetative and generative growth under N fertilizer with the dosage of 166.67 or 250 kg/ha. There was no clear pattern in the CH4 and N2O flux reduction from paddy under bacterial fertilizer application. In general, methanotrophic bacteria and N2O reducing bacteria isolates could reduce CH4 and N2O flux in certain dosage of inorganic fertilizer. In addition, CH4 flux was decreased and N2O flux was increased in periodically intermittent condition.
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Judul: Efektivitas Bakteri Metanotrof dan Ochrobactrum anthropi sebagai Pupuk Hayati dan Pereduksi Emisi Gas CH4 serta N2O di Sawah Anorganik.
Abstrak: Global warming is the increasing of earth's surface temperature which can occurred due to agricultural activities. Agricultural activities contribute to the global warming as sources of CH4 and N2O emissions. Application of methanotrophic bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Azotobacter and Azospirillum combination could reduce the emission of CH4 and N2O. In addition, these bacteria can fix nitrogen (N2) to enhance the plant growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of methanotrophic bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Azotobacter and Azospirillum combination as biofertilizer and emission reducer of CH4 and N2O in the inorganic paddy fields. This experiment was arranged by treating 100% dosage of inorganic fertilizer as positive control, 25% dosage of inorganic fertilizer and 25% dosage of inorganic fertilizer mixed by biofertilizer. The observations were made on the growth parameters and the rate of gas fluxes. The combination of bacterial isolates could increase rice growth, grain yield productivity and they also could reduce CH4 and N2O emission.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii