Judul: Sistem Pakar Penentuan Kelayakan Usaha Budi Daya Pembesaran Ikan Gurami
Abstrak: Growth-out is the final segment in gouramy culture which results in consumption-sized gouramy with a minimum weight of 500 g/fish. This research develops an expert system designed to record and use the knowledge, experience, and expertise of aquaculturist to determine the feasibility of gouramy growth-out culture in accordance with technical, legal, social, cultural, and financial aspects. The utilized inference method is Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) with trapezoid curve. Meanwhile, weighted average is used as the defuzzification method. Seven parameters, namely technical temperature, ammonia (NH3), disolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, puissance negative de H (pH), water depth, and height are the fuzzy parameters which are then processed with 11 rules defined by expert to analyze the result of the qualification. This expert system is able to analyze the feasibility of gouramy growth-out culture and already approaching the capability of expert.
Keyword: growth-out., fuzzy inference system (FIS), feasibility

Judul: Sistem Pakar Penentuan Kelayakan Usaha Budi Daya Pembenihan Ikan Gurami
Abstrak: This study develops an expert system that is designed to record and use the knowledge, experience, and expertise of the experts in the field of aquaculture feasibility to determine the feasibility of gouramy hatchery. The utilized inference method is Tsukamoto Fuzzy Inference System (FIS) with travezoid curve membership functions. The weighted average is used as the defuzzification method. The parameters used are fuzzy and non-fuzzy. The fuzzy parameters are temperature, amonia (NH3), disolved oxygen (DO), alkalinity, Puissance negative de H (pH), pond water depth, and hardness. The non-fuzzy parameters are the forms of business entities, business licenses, benefits to society, consumer behavior, and the return cost ratio (R/C ratio). Seven fuzzy input parameters has 11 rules for technical scale that are determined by experts to produce the business analysis output. The develoved expert system has been able to analize the feasibility of gouramy hatchery with a capability close to that of expert
Keyword: weighted average., membership functions, hatchery, fuzzy inference system, defuzzification

Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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