Judul: Identifikasi, siklus hidup dan penyebaran kutulilin pinus pineus boerneri annand (Hemiptera: adelgidae) di hutan tanaman pinus di Pulau Jawa
Abstrak: Pine Woolly Adelgide (PWA), is a newly-found exotic pests, in P. merkusii plantations in Java Island, causing dieback or abnormality of the plants, dried and defoliated branches, and eventually killed the trees. A study was conducted to identified the species of this exotic pest and detrmined its life cycle, as well as geographics distribution. Based on the specific characters of PWA, the insect was identified as Pineus boerneri Annand (Hemiptera; Adelgidae). Abdomen spiracles consisted of four pairs. Wax gland was spread all over the body. The spread was regular at the body, while at the head was irregular. Significantly different measurement of each morphological character observed was found in specimens from different KPH indicating high diversity of the insect despite of its parthenogenetic regeneration. PWA had six stadia of development, which totally lasted for 24,5 ± 1,79 days. The whole cycle was shorter than its original cycle in temperate zone. Shorter life cycle indicates rapid regeneration and multiplication ability that this new pest has a potential for invasiveness. The occurrence of PWA was found concentrated in specific location of host plant area. The pest attacks pine plantation on the high altitude > 900 m above sea level, having temperature between 16-200C, and humidity 80-90%. The intensity of the attack was correlated clearly to temperature and altitude of the host plant location. Percentage of attack ranged from 15-100%. The PWA could attack pine in all ages of development. The fast distribution of attacks and rather narrow range of climatic requirement of the pest posted special call for careful silvicultural consideration for new pine plantation establishment, especially in Java. Recently pine is considered as promising fast growing species for plantation in Java with newly introduced moratorium policy, because pine can give other non-timber forest products, such as gum for terpentine.
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Judul: Distribution of attack by wooly adelgid (Pinus boerneri) on pine stand (Pinus merkusii) (Case study in KPH Sumedang, Perum Perhutani Unit III, West Java and Banten)
Abstrak: Pine tree is known as one of the Indonesian commercial timber. Timber produced by pine tree has clear yellowish white color, which make it very attractive to be used for various furniture, house building, floor, furniture and various other products. Pine trees which are abundantly planted as plantation forest have some risk to be attacked by pest and disease. Monoculture condition of plantation forest which tends to be homogeneous, increases the tendency of attack by pest and diseases. At present, there is found pest species of the order Hemiptera which is known by the term wooly adelgid (Pineus boerneri). Pest wooly adelgid which attacks P. merkusii in Indonesia constitutes a new pest which was originated from outside Indonesia (exotic) and at present has not been found in other kinds of pine trees. Knowledge on distribution and condition of attack by wooly adelgid in pine stand is needed to determine the natural control action through environmental modification to create environment which is unfavorable for the wooly adelgid pest.
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Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Zeolit untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a fuel cell that utilize methanol as the fuel source. The electrolyte membrane used in the DMFC system in this research was chitosan-zeolite composite membrane. The composite membrane was synthesized with chitosan-zeolite composition variation of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:1. The membranes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope, and for the specific gravity. Membrane performances were tested with methanol uptake, methanol permeability, conductivity, and potential difference in the DMFC system. The FTIR spectrum showed no formation of new functional groups inducating that the composite membrane was a result of physical mixing. Morphological analysis showed that the membrane was nonporous. Chitosan-zeolite 1:3 composite membrane had the highest specific gravity and methanol uptake, 1.4226 g/mL and 41.44%, respectively. The highest proton conductivity was showed by the 1:2 chitosanzeolite composite membrane, namely 7.2946× 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-zeolite composite membrane can be applied in DMFC system.
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