Judul: Evaluasi Potensi Asap Cair dalam Melindungi Biji Kakao Terhadap Hama Gudang (Corcyra cephalonica)
Abstrak: Cocoa is a very important crop all over the world. For the countries that grow it, it has become a major export commodity and foreign exchange earner. To importing countries, it is also considered a valuable raw material for the manufacturing of various products. The postharvest handling of cocoa bean is critical because of its ability to affect the final quality of products. Storage as an aspect of postharvest handling is very critical and must be carried out well to reduce risk factors like insect attacks on beans. Efforts to curb it using synthetic pesticides have ended up with other serious problems such as pesticide residue in food products, depletion of the ozone layer, and development of resistance by target pests. In the meantime, improper disposal of the cocoa pod husk (CPH) waste after pod breaking has also been found to be serving as alternate hosts and hideout for cocoa plant disease pathogens such as Phytophthora spp. The resulting disease causes a reduction in the quantity and quality of beans harvested. The nature of the problem described above inspired the design of this research to investigate the possible use of CPH to produce wood vinegar/ liquid smoke (LS) as a biopesticide for controlling the storage pests of cocoa beans. In this study, the third instar larva of Corcyra cephalonica was used model insect. The specific objectives include ; 1, determining the compounds present in CPH liquid smoke. 2, ascertaining the toxicity, repellence and feeding deterrence effects of the liquid smoke against Corcyra cephalonica, and 3, investigating the effect of CPH liquid smoke treatment on the quality of cocoa beans. The study was set up in a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four replications. There were five treatments representing various concentration rates of liquid smoke :10%; 20%; 50%; 100 % concentrations and control (0 %) distilled water. The treatment was applied to the outer surface of mini jute sacks containing cocoa beans. The GCMS analysis of the LS detected 20 compounds. The compounds with higher concentrations were Butanamine (27%), Acetic acid (8.23%), 2-Pyrrolidinone (7.25%), Butanoic acid (6.96%), 2,5-Pyrrolidinedione (6.93%), 2H-Pyran-2-on (6.45%) and Cyclopropyl carbinol (5.62%). Allyl N butanoate and Hydrazine compounds were found to have a strong odour hence possess high potential for use as an insect repellent. In the test for mortality, LS did not cause enough mortality effect against Corcyra cephalonica. At the undiluted concentration of 100%, the LS could kill just half (52.5 %) of the insect population after five days (120hrs) of treatment. However, from the repellency test, 100% concentration of LS repelled as much as 90% of the insect population. The feeding deterrence index (FDI) was also highest at the 100% treatment. This, however, was not significantly different from the performance of the 50% concentration, which also deterred 90% of feeding activity. The FDI effect also caused a reduction in bean damage: 7.65% damage for beans treated with 100% LS as against 22% damage in beans without treatment. Weight loss was also reduced from 2.13% in control to 0.11 % in beans treated with 100% LS. Further quality
Keyword: cocoa beans, Corcyrca, liquid smoke, Pyrolysis, postharvest, Storage Pest

Judul: Inventarisasi Hama Pascapanen Pada Biji Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di Sulawesi Selatan dan Pengendalian Araecerus fasciculatus (De Gerr) Menggunakan Kantung Hermetik
Abstrak: Globally, Indonesia is the second largest cocoa producer (849.875 metric ton in 2011) after Ivory Coast (1.6 million metric ton). Cocoa beans exported to the United States often get “automatic detention” due to insect infestation.The objectives of these research were (a) to inventory the diversity of postharvest pest of cocoa beans, (b) to develop recommendation for good storage practices using hermetic plastic bags for keeping dried cocoa beans in storage. Research was conducted in two steps: (1) field survey and (2) bioassay on the use of hermetic plastic bags to store dried cocoa beans. Field survey was conducted in the center of cocoa bean production in South Sulawesi, specifically in Kabupaten Luwu Utara, Bantaeng, Bulukumba and the City of Makassar. Hermetic plastic bags used were “Kantung Semar” and compared with polypropylene bags as control. Insect species found on cocoa bean samples from exporters warehouses were dominated Ephestia cautella, Araecerus fasciculatus, Liposcelis sp., In hermetic storage trials, 100% mortality was found on all storage time, 1, 2, and 3 months. This kind of storage system causes a decrease in oxygen content (up to 2% in 1 month, 0.9% in 2 months, and 0.5% in 3 months) and an increase in carbon dioxide (to 20% in 1 month and 22-23% in 2 and 3 months storage).
Keyword: hermetic storage, postharvest pests, cocoa, Inventory

Judul: igenvalues and Eigenvectors of Tridiagonal Matrix with Non Constant and Recurrent Diagonal Entries.
Abstrak: Matriks tridiagonal adalah suatu matriks yang mempunyai entri-entri bernilai nol kecuali pada diagonal utama, di bawah diagonal utama (subdiagonal) dan di atas diagonal utama (superdiagonal). Entri pada diagonal utama tidak konstan dan berulang. Setiap entri pada matriks tridiagonal ini adalah bilangan kompleks. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan dibuktikan 3 teorema untuk menentukan nilai eigen dengan 2 kasus dan 1 teorema untuk menentukan vektor eigen. Teorema pertama menentukan polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal. Polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan nilai eigen pada teorema kedua dan ketiga serta menentukan vektor eigen pada teorema keempat
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