Judul: Ekspresi Gen Bax dan Bcl-2 pada Macaca fascicularis sebagai Hewan Model Penelitian Papillomavirus
Abstrak: Kanker serviks adalah salah satu kanker yang menempati posisi keempat di dunia yang terjadi pada wanita. Infeksi Papillomavirus telah dilaporkan sebagai satu dari sekian banyak faktor penyebab kanker serviks. Mekanisme terjadinya kanker serviks tidak lepas dari adanya penekanan atau hambatan proses apoptosis. Monyet ekor panjang telah banyak digunakan sebagai hewan model penelitian karena memiliki kesamaan dengan manusia dari segi genetik, anatomi, dan fisiologi dibandingkan dengan hewan lainnya. Monyet ekor panjang dilaporkan telah terinfeksi secara spontan oleh Papillomavirus, namun tidak menunjukkan gejala yang mengarah pada kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi ekspresi 2 gen yang berperan dalam proses apoptosis yaitu Bax dan Bcl-2 pada monyet ekor panjang yang positif versus negatif Papillomavirus. Uji ekspresi gen dilakukan dengan teknik Real time PCR (RT-qPCR). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekspresi gen Bax dan Bcl-2 lebih tinggi pada monyet ekor panjang positif terinfeksi Papillomavirus. Ekspresi gen Bcl-2 (anti apoptosis) meningkat lebih tinggi dari gen Bax (pro apoptosis). Ekspresi gen Bax dan Bcl-2 berpotensi menjadi penanda genetik kejadian kanker pada monyet ekor panjang yang terinfeksi Papillomavirus.
Keyword: Macaca fascicularis, Papillomavirus, apoptotic, Bax gene, Bcl-2 gene

Judul: The isolation and molecular identification of papillomavirus in macaca fascicularis and macaca nemestrina at animal facility of primate research centre – Bogor Agricultural University.
Abstrak: Cervical cancer is still regarded as a major cause of death in women world wide, hence research on papilloma viruses, their drugs and vaccines for the prevention are still continued. Papilloma virus is a DNA virus of the family papillomaviridae. Papilloma virions have no sheath, the diameter of 55 nm, and icosahedral capsid. The virus multiplies in the cell nucleus and causes chronic latent infection. The virus genome has a circular form, 8 kbp in length with 8 open reading frames. The genome is divided into early (E) and late (L) genes. The E gen synthesizes 6 E proteins, namely E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7, which are linked into the process of viral replication and oncogenes. Meanwhile, the L gene synthesizes 2 proteins, the L1 and L2, which are related to the formation of the capsid (Hakim 2010). In order to obtain the best result of the cancer research, it is highly requested to obtain appropriate animal model that reflect aspects of human disease. Non-human primates have high similarity with humans, both in terms of the evolution of the genetic, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and organ systems, as well as in cancer genes. Non-human primates of the genus Macaca is a genus with the highest distribution worldwide, from Japan to Afghanistan. So far, there are 22 species are included in the genus Macaca. Originally rhesus monkeys or M. mulatta are widely used for biomedical research, but since the Indian government imposed a ban on importing these animals, then Macaca fascicularis (Long-tailed Macaque, cynomolgus) and Macaca nemestrina (Pig-tailed Macaque), which has high population in Southeast Asia, began to be used as research animal. Various medical aspects related to both species are commonly studied by many researchers as an animal model for human diseases. This study is using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and nucleotide tracking to identify papillomavirus tipes that infect the genital tract of Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina, which is kept in breeding facilities of Primate Research Center, IPB. The analysis of nucleotide sequences were performed using the Clustal W 2.1 and 5.1 Mega program. The establishment of phylogenetic tree using neighbor joining with 1000 times bootstrap repetition. The results showed that the papillomavirus that infect Macaca fascicularis was 32.7% (78/238) and Macaca nemestrina 12% (4/31). Both species were infected by Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus (MfPV) tipe 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9, belongs to the genus Alpha papillomavirus with homology of 80 - 100%. Papilloma virus that infected the pig-tailed macaque was the same tipe of papillomavirus that infected the cynomolgus with similarity between 82% - 99% based on L1 region. To further explain the tipes of papilloma viruses that infected the pig-tailed macaque, it is necessary to identify the entire genome of the virus. To determine the tipe of the virus, it requires the identification of a more complete nucleotide sequence. It is interesting because papillomavirus that infected the pigtail macaques has 76% homology with the HPV tipe 52. This is the first report on the incidence of papillomavirus infection in the pigtail macaque genome that further analysis
Keyword: Papillomavirus, cervic cancer, animal model, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina

Judul: Characterization the Crystal and Optical Properties of Copper Doped Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) Thin Films Using Spectrophotometry Method
Abstrak: Film tipis Stronsium Titanat (SrTiO3) didadah dengan variasi konsentrasi Tembaga (0%; 0,5%; dan 1%) berhasil disintesis dengan metode Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD). Film dideposisikan diatas substrat Si tipe-p (1 0 0) sebanyak lima lapis menggunakan teknik spin coating (3000 rpm, selama 60 detik) dengan konsentrasi 2M. Proses annealing ditahan pada suhu 850 oC selama 8 jam dengan kelajuan peningkatan suhu sebesar 1,67 oC/menit, kemudian uji sifat kristal dan optik menggunakan metode spektrofotometri. Uji menggunakan XRD, baik metode Cramer-Cohen dan Rietveld MAUD menunjukkan struktur kristal tetap berbentuk kubus dan terjadi penurunan parameter kisi. Hasil FTIR menggunakan relasi Kramers-Kronig diperoleh penurunan bilangan gelombang mode vibrasi fonon TO, LO, perpotongan dielektrik real (Ɛ1) dan imajiner (Ɛ2) yang menunjukkan terjadinya red shift terhadap penambahan konsentrasi pendadah Tembaga (Cu). Uji Spektrofotometer UV-Vis pada panjang gelombang < 380 nm meningkatkan serapan foton dan panjang gelombang ≥ 380 nm meningkatkan reflektansi foton, dari metode Kubelka-Munk dengan relasi Tauc Plot diperoleh energi celah pita berturut-turut 3,44 eV; 3,05 eV; 3,04 eV., Strontium Titanate (SrTiO3) thin films doped with various concentrations of Copper (0%; 0,5%; and 1%) were successfully synthesized using the Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) method. The films were deposited on Si type-p (1 0 0) substrate in five layers using a spin coating technique (3000 rpm, for 60 s) with a concentration of 2M. The annealing process was held at 850 oC for 8 hours with a temperature increase rate of 1,67 oC/min, then the crystal and optical properties were characterized using spectrophotometric methods. Characterization using XRD, both Cramer-Cohen and Rietveld MAUD methods showed crystal structure remained cubic and decreased lattice parameters. The result of FTIR using the Kramers-Kronig relation obtained a decrease in the wave number of TO, LO, real (Ɛ1) and imaginary (Ɛ2) dielectric intersections which showed a red shift towards the addition of Copper (Cu) concentrations. Spectrophotometer UV-Vis showed at wavelengths <380 nm increased photon absorption and wavelengths ≥ 380 nm increased photon reflectance, from the Kubelka-Munk method with Tauc Plot relations obtained band gap energy respectively 3,44 eV; 3,05 eV; 3,04 eV
Keyword: copper doped, crystal properties, CSD, optical properties, SrTiO3