Judul: Studi Efisiensi Pemanfaatan Karbohidrat Pakan Bagi Pertumbuhan Ikan Gurame (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) Sejalan Dengan Perubahan Enzim Pencernaan dan Insulin
Abstrak: Tiga tahap penelitian telah dilakukan untuk menentukan pakan yang sesuai dengan perubahan enzim dalam saluran pencernaan ikan gurame dan konsekuensi perubahan pakan untuk merangsang sekresi insulin untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pemanfaatan karbohidrat pakan pada ikan gurame Pada penelitian tahap I, ikan gurame diberi pakan dua kali sehari sampai ikan kenyang dengan pakan yang mengandung kadar protein dan karbohidrat yang berbeda . Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 60 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ikan yang mengkonsumsi pakan berkadar protein 32% menghasilkan aktivitas enzim protease yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan ikan yang mengkonsumsi pakan berkadar protein 28%. Peningkatan kadar karbohidrat pakan dari 20 sampai 50% tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap aktivitas enzim protease. Pada ikan yang mengkonsumsi pakan berkadar protein 32%, peningkatan kadar karbohidrat pakan menghasilkan peningkatan aktivitas enzim a-amilase. Laju pertumbuhan dan efisiensi pemanfaatan pakan tertinggi juga dihasilkan ikan yang mengkonsumsi pakan berkadar protein 32%.
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Judul: Pengaruh Kadar Karbohidrat Pakan Berbeda terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Efisiensi Pakan Ikan Gurame ( Osphronemus gouramy Lacepede) Ukuran 70-80 g
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kemampuan ikan gurame ukuran 70-80 g di dalam mernanfaatkan karbohidrat sebagai sumber energi, sehingga protein dapat dimanfaatkan secara maksimal untuk pertumbuhan ikan bukan yang digunakan iso-energi dan iso-protein dengan perlakuan kadar karbohidrat pakan berbeda, yaitu 21.20, 30,08, 38,57, dan 47,50%, dan 3 ulangan. Ikan berukuran 70-80 dekor dipelihara dalam akuarium dengan tingkat kepadatan 7 ekor per akuarium. Pemberian pakan secara at satiation dengan frekuensi 3 kali perhari selama 60 hari.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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