Judul: Keragaan Sifat Kimia Tanah di Bawah Vegetasi Mangrove dan Hubungannya dengan Air Tanah Serta Perkembangan Akar dari Beberapa Zona Hutan MAngrove Banyuwedang Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali
Abstrak: Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari dan mengetahui perbedaan sifat kimia tanah di bawah vegetasi mangrove dan hubungannya dengan sifat kimia air tanah dan perkembangan akarnya. Penelitian telah dilakukan pada beberapa zona mangrove yaitu Rhizophora, Ceriops, Avicennia dan Lumnitzera di hutan mangrove Banyuwedang, Kabupaten Buleleng, Bali. Pada masing-masing zona diambil contoh tanah pada lapisan atas (0-30 cm) dan lapisan bawah (30-60 cm) yang dilakukan secara komposit, dan kemudian diambil contoh air tanah serta akar mangrovenya. Untuk melihat keeratan hubungan beberapa sifat kimia tanah, air tanah dan akar mangrove dilakukan melalui Analisis Regresi Berganda.
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Judul: Hubungan Sifat Tanah dan Tipe Vegetasi Mangrove di Desa Blanakan, Kabupaten Subang.
Abstrak: Mangrove ecosystem is a typical marine tropics and subtropics with a very important role for the balance of nature. However, currently the target of exploitation of mangrove forests due to the demands of development which focuses on economic interests. More than a half of the mangrove forest area in Indonesia in a bad damaged state, around the North Coast of Java, has long been eroded by the needs of its population to the land. Mangrove forests that relatively in good condition on the north coast of Java is in the village Blanakan, so the mangroves in the area need to be in the preserve. This study aims to determine the nature and characteristics of soil that affect the growth of mangrove land the village and to know the relationship of the soil properties with different types of mangrove vegetation that grows in the village Blanakan. There are 4 zones studied based on the type of vegetation growing in these locations. Zone 1 (BSR1) with vegetation Avicennia marina, zone 2 (BSR2) with Rhizophora mucronata vegetation, zone 3 (BSR3) with vegetation Jeruju, and zone 4 (BSR4) with vegetation Sonneratia acida. The sample of soil that have been researched are morphological and chemical properties. All of soil conditions are not significantly different by morphology. Those all zones are type Hydraquent soil. Chemical properties which have an influence on mangrove vegetation difference are the Electrical Conductivity (DHL/EC), water content at field condition, percentage saturation of the cations, the percentage of ESP, and SAR values, and value of soil. The DHL/EC, the percentage of ESP, and SAR values show the influence of sea water. Zone 1 had the soil more ripe than zone 2, 3, and 4. Cation saturation of each zone has its own characteristics. A base saturation zone was dominated by sodium saturation and followed by increasing the depth of soil. Zone 1 showed many salt-free and the salt free content increased from the upper to the lower layer. Base saturation in zone 2, between the top layer of soil is different from the middle layer and bottom layer. The top layer of soil in zone 2 was dominated by the saturation of magnesium, but in the middle layer and bottom layer was dominated by sodium saturation. Sodium saturation in zone 2 further decreased, this suggest that salt-free in this zone was diminishing compared to zone 1. In zone 3 and zone 4, there are no free salts and base saturation was dominated by magnesium, and also increased of addition calcium.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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