Judul: Pemanfaatan germ gandum dalam pembuatan chicken nugget
Abstrak: Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan germ gandum sebagai bahan substitusi daging ayam dalam pembuatan chicken nugget. Secara khuus tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik kimia (kadar air, abu lemak, protein, daya cerna protein dan serat pangan) dan germ gandum, menentukan formulasi dan metode terbaik dalam pembuatan chicken nugget yang disubstitusi dengan germ gandum, mempelajari pengaruh substitusi germ gandum terhadap karakteristik fisik (kekerasan) dan karakteristik kimia (kadar air, abu, lemak, protein, daya cerna protein dan serat pangan) chicken nugget, mempelajari pengaruh subsitusi germ gandum terhadap tingkat kesukaan chicken nugget, menentukan produk terpilih serta mengetahui biaya produksi produk terpilih Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Percobaan Pangan, Laboratorium Analisis Gizi I dan II, Laboratorium Penilaian Organoleptik Jurusan Gizi Masyarakat dan Sumberdaya Keluarga, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor serta Laboratorium Food Technology Development Center (FTDC), Institut Pertanian Bogor. Penelitian ini berlangsung sejak bulan Maret sampai dengan Juni 2003. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu tahap penelitian pendahuluan yang kemudian dilanjutkan dengan penelitian lanjutan (utama). Penelitian pendahuluan meliputi analisis sifat kimia germ gandum, penentuan selang dan batas maksimal substitusi, serta pembuatan chicken nugget. Penelitian utama meliputi analisis sifat fisik dan kimia serta uji hedonik terhadap produk yang dihasilkan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 2 ulangan. Adapun perlakuannya adalah tingkat substitusi germ gandum terhadap daging ayam dengan lima taraf perlakuan (0%, 20%, 40%, 60% dan 80 %) Data hasil uji hedonik dianalisis secara deskriptif mengunakan skor modus masing-masing taraf perlakuan dan persentase penerimaan panelis. Produk yang dapat diterima oleh panelis mencakup tingkat penilaian biasa (3), suka (4) dan sangat suka (5). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan (tingkat substitusi germ gandum terhadap daging ayam) terhadap tingkat kesukaan konsumen berdasarkan parameter warna, rasa, aroma, dan tekstur, data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji statistik Friedman. Jika didapat hasil yang berbeda nyata, maka analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Multiple Comparison Test (MCT). Untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap kandungan gizi dan kekerasan chicken nugget, data dianalisis dengan uji Sidik Ragam. Jika berbeda nyata, maka analisis dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Pengolahan dan analisis data penelitian ini menggunakan software statistika SPSS 10.0 for Windows
Keyword: wheat germ, chicken meat, chicken nuggets

Judul: Pemanfaatan tepung ampas tahu dalam pembuatan chicken nugget
Abstrak: Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh substitusi tepung ampas tahu terhadap sifat fisik, kimia dan organoleptik chicken nugget. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah (1) mengetahui sifat kimia (kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, dan karbohidrat) daging ayam dan mengetahui daya serap minyak tepung ampas tahu fermentasi dan tanpa fermentasi, (2) mempelajari proses pembuatan chicken nugget, (3) menentukan formula optimal dalam pembuatan chicken nugget yang disubstitusi tepung ampas tahu fermentasi dan tanpa fermentasi, (4) memperoleh persentase substitusi terbaik dari substitusi tepung ampas tahu fermentasi dan tanpa fermentasi berdasarkan uji organoleptik, dan (5) mempelajari pengaruh substitusi tepung ampas tahu fermentasi dan tanpa fermentasi terhadap sifat fisik (kekerasan dan warna), sifat kimia (pH, kadar air, abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, serat makanan, dan daya, cerna protein) dan organoleptik dari chicken nugget.
Keyword: ampas tahu, chicken nugget

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite