Judul: Review of Insect Monitoring Techniques to Determine Insect Life Behaviour.
Abstrak: Pertanian merupakan salah satu sektor yang akan terus berlanjut demi keberlangsungan hidup manusia. Salah satu tantangan dalam sektor ini ialah serangan hama dan penyakit tanaman yang dapat menimbulkan kerusakan fisik yang merugikan secara ekonomi dan sosial. Salah satu upaya untuk menekan serangan hama adalah mempelajari perilaku hidup serangga untuk menentukan cara pengendalian yang efektif yang dilakukan dengan monitoring serangga. Penelitian ini bermaksud melakukan tinjauan terhadap berbagai teknik monitoring serangga untuk mengetahui perilaku berbagai jenis serangga hama. Tahapan penelitian ini ialah menjelaskan berbagai jenis teknik monitoring konvensional maupun modern. Teknik konvensional meliputi beberapa jenis perangkap seperti perangkap cahaya, perangkap warna, perangkap jebakan, dan perangkap feromon, sedangkan teknik modern meliputi sistem RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) dan LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). Kedua jenis teknik monitoring serangga mempunyai kelebihan dan kekurangan masing-masing. Teknik monitoring serangga yang berbeda menunjukan perilaku serangga yang berbeda juga. Keempat jenis perangkap konvensional (perangkap cahaya, perangkap warna, perangkap jebakan, dan perangkap feromon) dapat mengungkap perbedaan perilaku menginfestasi (menyerang) tanaman antar jenis serangga hama yang berbeda. Teknologi modern seperti LIDAR dan RADAR tidak dapat digunakan untuk mengetahui perilaku infestasi serangga dan hanya dapat mengungkap kondisi tajuk tanaman yang sakit baik karena serangan hama atau karena kekeringan., Agriculture is one sector that will continue for human survival. One of the challenges in this sector is pest attacks and plant diseases which can cause physical damage that is economically and socially detrimental. One effort to suppress pest attacks is to study the behavior of insects to determine effective control methods which are carried out by monitoring insects. This research aims to review various insect monitoring techniques to determine the behavior of various types of insect pests. The stage of this research is to explain various types of conventional and modern monitoring techniques. Conventional techniques include several types of traps such as light traps, color traps, pitfall traps, and pheromone traps, while modern techniques include RADAR (Radio Detection and Ranging) and LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) systems. Both types of insect monitoring techniques have their respective advantages and disadvantages. Different insect monitoring techniques show different insect behavior. The four types of conventional traps (light traps, color traps, trap traps, and pheromone traps) can reveal differences in plant infestation (attacking) behavior between different types of insect pests. Modern technology such as LIDAR and RADAR cannot be used to determine the behavior of insect infestations and can only reveal the condition of diseased plant crowns either due to pest attacks or due to drought.
Keyword: kerusakan tanaman, perangkap konvensional, monitoring serangga., conventional traps, crop damage, insect monitoring

Judul: Biological Pest Control Strategies using Sterile Insect Technique and Natural Enemies
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara agraris sehingga pertanian memiliki peranan penting bagi Indonesia. Oleh sebab itu, masalah yang berkaitan dengan pertanian seperti serangan hama selalu menjadi topik yang penting pula. Pestisida kimia banyak digunakan dalam pengendalian hama ini, namun pestisida kimia memiliki banyak dampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Pengendalian Hama Terpadu (PHT) dikembangkan untuk mengurangi penggunaan pestisida kimia. Teknik dalam PHT yang digunakan pada karya ilmiah ini, yaitu SIT (Sterile Insect Technique) dan musuh alami. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, dilakukan pemodelan kontrol optimum untuk mengoptimalkan kepadatan populasi tanaman menggunakan strategi pelepasan serangga hama steril dan penambahan musuh alami ke area lahan tanaman sebagai variabel kontrolnya. Prinsip maksimum Pontryagin digunakan dalam penentuan syarat perlu optimalitas dan metode Runge-Kutta orde 4 serta backward-forward sweep method digunakan untuk mengetahui solusi numeriknya., Indonesia is an agricultural country, so agriculture has an important role for Indonesia. Therefore, problems related to agriculture, such as pests, always be an important topic. Chemical pesticides are highly used in controlling these pests, however chemical pesticides have lots of negative impacts on the environment. Integrated Pest Management (IPM) was developed to reduce the use of these chemical pesticides. There are techniques of IPM that are used in this paper, i.e. sterile insect technique (SIT) and natural enemies. In this paper, the optimum control modelling was carried out to optimize the density of the plant population using the strategy of releasing sterile insect pests and adding natural enemies to the crops area as control variables. Pontryagin’s maximum principle is used in determining the requirements for optimality, fourth-order Runge Kutta method and backward-forward sweep method are used to determine the numerical solution.
Keyword: optimal control, fourth-order Runge Kutta method, natural enemies, Pontryagin’s maximum principle, sterile insect technique

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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