Judul: Konversi Lahan dan Perubahan Strategi Nafkah Masyarakat Pedesaan (Kasus: Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat).
Abstrak: Cases of land conversion in the Sub-district of Mulyaharja are caused by the people's decision to sell their land. The decision to sell the land is triggered by several factors. These factors include low levels of education, low income, ownership of small land, life necessities, lifestyle, corporate mediators' strategies, company's investment. The decision to sell the land turns out to have a major impact on the economic and social aspects of the community. In the social aspects, there is a change in the social relations between the land owner and farm workers from the fifty-fifty system of cultivation to a rental system. Economically, the status of farmers' livelihoods has changed and new strategies of livelihood have emerged. In agriculture, prior to land conversion, most people were land owners. In contrast, after conversion they mostly become land workers or cultivators. In addition, there are a variety of community's strategies of livelihood.
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Judul: Dampak Konversi Lahan Terhadap Keberlanjutan Ekologi. Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: This study has three objectives: 1) to identify the phenomena and factors that cause land conversion, 2) to examine the impact of land conversion in terms of sociological, economic, and political aspects, 3) to examine the impact of land conversion of ecological aspects .This study was conducted in the village Mulyaharja. It is an area of land conversion, where almost the entire area of Mulyaharja has switched its functions into a settlement area (real estate). Previously the area was productive agricultural land. The case of agricultural land conversion in Mulyaharja was caused by the farmers’ decision to sell their land and such decision was promoted by such factors as economic, social, and policies. The effects of land conversion involve a number of aspects. For example, its sociological impacts include the gap between indigenous people and immigrants as well as lifestyle changes introduced by the immigrants. The economic impacts include changes in land tenure, productivity and income levels of the community. The political impact can be seen from the many companies that are committed to investment of funds in one or more assets for several periods in the future. The conversion of agricultural land to settlement area has greatly negative impact on the ecology. The ecological already apparent now shows the damage to the environment at an alarming stage because of the big large opportunity for the rural communities of Mulyaharja to move and open up land on the higher ground. Now, there should be fundamental changes in the paradigm of development in relation with nature.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity