Judul: The Development and Validation of Method Analysis for Vitamin A Determination in Palm Oil by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
Abstrak: regulated in 2013. To control the implementation this standard, the laboratory capacity to analyze vitamin A is required. The vitamin A analysis must be valid, selective, rapid, easy and practical. The objective of this study was to validate a modified standardized method of vitamin A analysis by a High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). All validation parameters (liniearity, accuracy, precision, selectivity, robustness, LOD, and LOQ) met the requirement. Vitamin A in palm oil matrix could be analyzed by HPLC method by using a mobile phase of acetonitrile:water (80:20) with flux rate of 1,75 mL/min, and ultraviolet detector at 325 nm. This condition used a C-18 column.
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Judul: Validasi Metode Weihaar yang Dimodifikasi untuk Analisis 3-Monochloropropane-1,2-Diol (3-MCPD) dan Esternya pada Minyak Goreng Sawit
Abstrak: Food safety problems may occur throughout the food chain from farm to fork. Food Law (law No. 18, 2012) stated that food safety is condition and efforts needed to prevent food from contamination of biological, chemical and other agents, that may interfere, harm, and harmful to human health and do not contradict with religions, beliefs, and culture of the society so that it will be safe to be consumed. The compound of 3-monochloropropane-1,2-diol (3-MCPD) and its ester are contaminants formed during the food processing. Both of these compounds are found in vegetables oil and some processed food, especially food processed using heat in the production process. The mechanism of 3-MCPD formation and its esters has not been fully established. It has been hypothesized that 3-MCPD was formed by reaction between chlorine and lipids during cooking and storage process of food, that may be trigered by heat or enzyme-catalyzed reaction. Consequently, validated analytical method for analysis of 3-MCPD and its ester is needed. The research aims were to validate the modified Weihaar's method of analysis of 3-MCPD and 3-MCPD esters in refined palm oil. The research was conducted in three main stages including determining the analysis method to determine the levels of 3-MCPD and its esters in palm oil using GC-MS; validation of analysis methods; and determining the levels of 3-MCPD in several product of palm oil. Validation result shows the following: A linear regression line has an equation of the form y = 0.076x + 0.005, where x is area ratio of standard external and standard internal and y is concentration ratio of external standard and internal standard. The linearity was showed by corelation coefficient (r) 0.994; linear response was obtained between 0.008 and 0.377 mg/L; limit of detection was 0.06 mg/kg, limit of quantification was 0.20 mg/kg, precision (relative standard deviation (RSD)) was 6.16%, and accuracy (as percentage of recovery) was in range 95.83-113.27%. This result indicated that the modified method was valuable and sensitive for detection of 3-MCPD and 3-MCPD esters. Using the validated method, the 3-MCPD esters in commercial palm oil sample determined and calculated as the difference between total 3-MCPD and free 3-MCPD, was 13.24 mg/kg. The total 3-MCPD in several palm oil give result on concentration range 13.94-34.52 mg/kg. These results also showed that there was a correlation between 3-MCPD with diacylglyceride (DAG). The sampel with high DAG contents give a high test results of 3-MCPD, this relationship was expressed by the coefficient of correlation (r) 0.752.
Keyword: 3-MCPD, 3-MCPD esters, validation methods, GC-MS

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii