Judul: Kombinasi Teknik Top Down dan Bottom Up dalam Pembuatan Nanokristalin Hidroksiapatit dari Batu Gamping.
Abstrak: The synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite from limestone has been investigated by precipitation methode. The origin material of nanocystalline hydroxyapatite fabrication are ammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcinated limestone at 900 oC during 4 hours which produced calcium oxide (CaO). This research focuses on the influence of addition rate calcium solution and calcium precursor size. Various size of calcium precursor was prepared by milling CaO using HEM. From theParticle Size Analyzer (PSA) analysis result show that calsium before miling has a average size 45 μm and after milling 387.89 to 2,162.66 nanometers depending on the duration of milling time. Morphological analysis by SEM measurament shows that the particle of HAp are tightly agglomerated and globular in shape. The EDX analysis showed that the ratio of Ca/P hydroxyapatite which using calcium precursor from miling and without miling was 1.67 and 1.61, respectively. TEM images showed the crystal size distribution and morphology. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite formed has a size of length 10-150 nm and diameter 10-40 nm.
Keyword: precipitation., nanocrystalline, Limestone, hydroxyapatite, High Energy milling

Judul: Kajian Struktur dan Morfologi Hidroksiapatit yang Disintesis Menggunakan Metode Hidrotermal
Abstrak: Hydroxyapatite is a material that can be bonded to the building blocks of bone. In this study has been carried out the synthesis of hydroxyapatite using hydrothermal method. Precursor calcium is derived from leghorn chicken eggshell as well as to the source of phosphate using (NH4)2HPO4. In the hydrothermal method to various temperatures of 150 oC, 200 oC, 250 oC, and 300 oC at 3 hours and variations in time of 1 hour and 5 hours at a temperature of 150 oC. Phase and crystal structure of hydroxyapatite were analyzed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD). While the morphology of hydroxyapatite imaged using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The samples were synthesized using hydrothermal method has formed hydroxyapatite phase. Hydroxyapatite synthesized by hydrothermal method have a value close to the lattice parameter of data JCPDS. XRD characterization results on the various temperatures and hydrothermal time of the 6 samples such as 150 oC, 200 oC, 250 oC, 300 oC for 3 hours and 150 oC at 1 hour, 3 hours, and 5 hours showed that the optimum phase HAp formed it a sample temperature of 150 oC time 3 hours is equal to 98.6% which an efficiency is 45.6%, 78.028 nm crystal size, and degree of crystallinity of 83.4%. Test result by SEM showed that formation of space between microsized HAp particles were clearly visible on the sample. Space of this size is about 2.1 μm.
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Judul: Penyakit Bluetongue Pada Ternak Domba
Abstrak: Bluetongue (BT) adalah penyakit akuta, non conta gious yang disebabkan oleh Arbo Virus (16), menyerang ternak domba maupun ruminant lainnya. Penularan penyakit ini dari satu hewan ke hewan rentan dilakukan oleh anthro poda genus Culicoides Sp (24,26). Penyakit BT pada domba pertama kali dilaporkan Hutcheon (1902) dan Spreull ( 1902,1905) sewaktu oleh kejadian endemik di Afrika Selatan (9), dan jauh sebelumnya yaitu pada tahun 1876 penyakit semacam BT telah dikenal (9). Transportasi dan mobilisasi ternak yang tinggi memu dahkan penyebaran BT ke negara lain yaitu Cyprus (1924) Turki (1944), Israel (1951), Amerika (1952), Spanyol (1958), Pakistan (1960) India (1964), Australia (1975), dan pada tahun 1981 penyakit BT telah ditemukan di Indonesia tepatnya di daerah Caringin Bogor yang menye rang domba impor yaitu Ras Sufflok asal Australia (16,22 ). Domba merupakan hewan yang paling rentan terhadap BT (21). Kerentanan dari masing-masing ras domba pun berbeda dan umumnya BT menyerang domba diatas 1 tahun (23). Diduga sapi bertindak sebagai reservoar (12), hanya sekitar 5% sapi yang terserang BT memperlihatkan gejala pe nyakit dengan derajat sedang sampai berat. Masa inkubasi ET pada domba yang terinfeksi secara alami diperkirakan selama 7 hari sedang pada infeksi buatan antara 2 hari- sampai 15 hari ( rata-rata 4 sampai 7 hari) (12).
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