Judul: Formulasi dan Analisis Nilai Gizi Produk Mi Berbasis Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor (L.) Moench.)
Abstrak: Sorghum as cerealia has many advantages over rice, including phenolic compound that have health potential in human body. This grain has good adaptation to dry and tropical climate that is suitable to grow in Indonesia. The objective of this research was to determine the best formula based on organoleptic (colour, taste, and texture), mineral, dietary fiber, and antioxidant activity analysis results. The initial stage of this research was to find the best formula from extrusion processing. The second stage is organoleptic test by hedonic rating and ranking. Mineral analysis (Ca, Fe, and Zn) by AAS method, dietary fiber analysis, and antioxidant by DPPH method were the last stage of this research. The variables that differentiate between formulas are ratio of sorghum to water (60%, 70% and 80%), temperature of starch gelatinitation (80oC, 90oC, and 100oC), and also frying time (1 minute and 2 minutes). Formulas with 60% ratio of sorghum (milled and unmilled sorghum) have the best quality from extrusion processing. Formula with 60% ratio unmilled sorghum at 1 minute frying has the highest rank from organoleptic test. At 2 minutes frying, formula with 60% ratio milled sorghum has the highest rank. Unmilled sorgum noodle have high dietary fiber, 33% compliance rate of nutrient adequacy, and high amount of Fe and Zn. Milled sorgum noodle also have 28% compliance rate nutrient adequacy of dietary fiber. Antioxidant activity from unmilled sorgum noodle (1.98 ppm AEAC/g product) higher than milled sorgum noodle (1.18 ppm AEAC/g product).
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Judul: Optimasi Formula Flakes Berbasis Sorgum (Sorghum Bicolor L.) Dan Sagu (Metroxylon Sp.).
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki berbagai jenis komoditas hasil pertanian, di antaranya sorgum dan sagu. Salah satu produk olahan yang dapat dibuat dari sorgum dan sagu adalah flakes. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah melakukan optimasi formula flakes berdasarkan respon tekstur (hardness, total work), pati tercerna, warna (lightness, hue), serta sifat sensori yang diterima oleh anak-anak. Proses optimasi formula yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode Mixture Design D-Optimal dari program Design Expert 7.0®. Tiga faktor formula yang digunakan antara lain sorgum, sagu, dan maltodekstrin. Hasil penelitian ini menghasilkan formula terpilih dengan komposisi 3.87% sorgum, 29.68% sagu, dan 17.25% maltodekstrin dengan nilai desirability sebesar 0.839. Hasil verifikasi menunjukkan formula terpilih memiliki hardness sebesar 1046 g, total work sebesar 2.26 mJ, pati tercerna sebesar 64.84 g/100g, lightness sebesar 49.14, dan hue sebesar 47.98º. Hasil uji subyektif menunjukkan formula terpilih sudah dapat diterima secara sensori pada semua paramater sensori (warna, aroma, tekstur, rasa). Hasil uji kimia flakes menunjukkan bahwa kadar air, kadar abu, kadar lemak, kadar protein, dan kadar karbohidrat masing-masing 2.86%, 0.55%, 5.40%, 2.06%, 89.14%.
Keyword: flakes, maltodextrin, optimization, sago, sorghum

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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