Judul: Pengembangan Model Bisnis Produk Obat Kumur Berbahan Tambahan Nanokitosan dan Nanokalsium dari Limbah Cangkang Krustase.
Abstrak: Obat kumur berbahan tambahan nanokitosan dan nanokalsium memiliki kandungan yang dapat menurunkan angka kejadian karies gigi di Indonesia, risiko peningkatan kanker mulut dan volume limbah cangkang krustase sehingga potensial untuk dikomersialisasikan melalui pengembangan model bisnis. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan riset aksi pada tahap pencarian pelanggan dalam konteks pengembangan pelanggan. Permasalahan yang dihadapi konsumen diantaranya, adalah kurangnya kenyamanan dan rasa percaya diri akibat gangguan kesehatan mulut, rasa obat kumur yang menyengat juga panas, adanya efek samping membuat mulut kering juga perih, kekhawatiran akan keamanan produk, ketidakpraktisan karena perlu pembilasan air setelah berkumur, serta kurang sesuainya takaran penyajian. Pengujian solusi menunjukkan bahwa produk ini dapat diterima oleh konsumen berdasarkan proposisi nilai dan atribut yang ditawarkan.
Keyword: cangkang krustase, model bisnis, nanokalsium, nanokitosan, obat kumur

Judul: Pengembangan Produk Mouthwash Konsentrat dengan Bahan Aktif Minyak Atsiri.
Abstrak: Obat kumur konsentrat dengan bahan aktif minyak atsiri sirih dan cengkeh telah dikembangkan sebagai pengganti obat kumur alkohol yang dapat menimbulkan efek samping berbahaya bagi mulut. Oleh karena itu, pengembangan produk perlu dilakukan sebelum dikomersialisasikan. Metode yang dilakukan meliputi identifikasi pasar, desain prototipe, riset dan pengembangan, analisis penerimaan produk serta analisis finansial. Permasalahan yang dihadapi konsumen antara lain efek samping yang ditimbulkan, tidak adanya takaran penggunaan, kemasan kurang praktis, dan harga yang tinggi. Desain prototipe produk berupa kemasan botol tetes 30 mL. Harga pokok produksi sebesar Rp 6 808 dan harga penjualan berdasarkan keingianan responden sebesar Rp 20 000. Hasil juga menunjukkan penerimaan yang tinggi terhadap produk. Hasil finansial dapat disimpulkan bahwa industri mouthwash layak untuk dilaksanakan.
Keyword: analisis finansial, industri mouthwash, mouthwash beralkohol, sirih-cengkeh

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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