Judul: Effectivity Test of White Turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) Extract Nanoparticles Gel to The Incised Wound Healing.
Abstrak: The wound healing process is the stage of repairing the structure and function of damaged skin tissues. The Aim of this research is to examine the effectiveness of the administration of white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) nanoparticles extract gel in the wound healing process in Sprague- Dawley rats based on macroscopic and microscopic observations. The skin of 24 male rats was cut 3 cm in the dorsal area and sutured with a simple suture technique. The treatments were divided into four groups, positive control (C1), negative control (C2), gel nanoparticles white turmeric extract 0.75% (K1), and 1.5% (K2). Treatment was given every day for weeks. Macroscopically observations were made subjectively on the 1st, 3rd ,5th, and 7th days. In histopathological observations, specimens were stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE) to observe the skin structure and IBA-1/AIF-1 to observe macrophage expression by immunohistochemistry. Observations were evaluated on the seventh-day post-injury. Histopathological aspects observed with HE-staining were scab, epithelial formation, and infiltration of inflammation cells. Data were evaluated descriptively through the light microscope. The average of macrophage expressions was evaluated statistically with spss IBM 25. The macroscopic results showed the gel treatment wound had a healing process faster than the control groups. The microscopic results showed the gel treatment groups skin structure was better than the control groups with Hematoxylin Eosin stained and the average of macrophage expression showed average lower than control groups.
Keyword: Curcuma zedoaria, Macrophage expression, Wound healing

Judul: Combination Gel of Turmeric Extract and Gamat Gel on the Wound Healing Process of White Rats
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui khasiat dari gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat sebagai obat untuk mempercepat proses penyembuhan luka sayatan yang mudah diaplikasikan, praktis, dan efektif pada tikus putih galur Sprague-Dawley berdasarkan pengamatan patologi anatomi. Sebanyak 30 tikus yang digunakan dibagi ke dalam rancangan acak lengkap dengan 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kulit tikus dilukai pada sebagian sisi perut kiri atau kanan sepanjang 3 cm. Setiap luka kemudian diobati dengan perlakuan yang berbeda. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah kontrol negatif (gel plasebo), gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat dengan berbagai konsentrasi (0,5%, 1%, 2%), dan kontrol positif (salep komersil yang mengandung Centella asiatica 15%). Pengamatan patologi anatomi dilakukan setiap hari selama 21 hari. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan membandingkan perubahan yang terjadi secara deskriptif selama proses penyembuhan. Parameter yang diamati adalah ukuran luka, kedalaman luka, tepi luka, jenis eksudat, warna kulit, dan keberadaan rambut. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa kelompok yang diberikan gel kombinasi dan kontrol positif memberi pengaruh lebih baik terhadap percepatan penyembuhan luka dibandingkan dengan kontrol negatif yang hanya diberikan gel plasebo, hal ini menunjukkan bahwa proses penyembuhan luka dipercepat dengan pemberian gel kombinasi ekstrak rimpang kunyit dan gel gamat. Kelompok konsentrasi 2% memberikan hasil penyembuhan yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan kelompok konsentrasi 0,5% dan 1%., The purpose of this study is to determine the efficacy of a combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel as a medicament to accelerate the healing process of incisions which is easy to apply, practical, and effective in white Sprague-Dawley rats based on anatomical pathology observations. A total of 30 rats used were divided into a randomized design with 5 treatment groups. The skin of the rats was incised on the left or right stomach along 3 cm. Each wound was then treated with a different treatment. The treatments given were negative control (placebo gel), combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel with variated concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 2%), and positive control (commercial ointment contained Centella asiatica 15%). Anatomical pathology were observed every day for 21 days. Observations are made by comparing the changes that occur descriptively during the healing process. The parameters observed were wound length, wound depth, wound edge, exudate type, skin color, and the presence of hair. The results showed that the group that was given a combination gel and positive control had the better effect on the acceleration of wound healing compared to the negative control which was only given placebo gel, this shows that the wound healing process is accelerated by giving a combination gel of turmeric extract and gamat gel. The 2% concentration group gave better healing results compared to the 0.5% and 1% concentration groups.
Keyword: ekstrak, gamat, gel, penyembuhan luka, rimpang kunyit, turmeric, wound healing

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular