Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Penambahan Air Kelapa Sebagai Pengganti Koh (Kalium Hidroksida) Pada Proses Penjendalan Dalam Pembuatan Agar-Agar Kertas
Abstrak: Salab satu pemanfaatan rumput laut adalah dengan pembuatan atau produksi agar-agar kertas, rumput laut yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah Graci/aria sp. Hal ini karena Graci/aria mudah diperoleh, murah harganya, lebih mudah dalam pengolaban, juga memiliki kandungan agarosa dan agaropektin yang cukup baik sehingga dapat menentukan kekuatan gel agar-agar. Agar proses pembentukan gel (penjendalan) terjadi, maka dibutuhkan suatu kation yaitu kalium yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kekuatan gel sehingga dapat menghasilkan agar-agar kertas yang bermutu baik. Proses penjendalan agaragar kertas ini menggunakan air kelapa karena mineral utama dalam air kelapa adalab kalium, se1ain itu berguna dalam memanfaatkan air kelapa yang selama ini dibuang begitu saja sebagai limbah.
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Judul: Penambahan Bahan Alternatif dalam Pembuatan Agar-agar Kertas
Abstrak: Agar-agar kertas merupakan salah satu diversifikasi produk hasil perikanan yang diperoleh dengan cara mengekstraksi ganggang agarofita. Pengolahan agar-agar kertas melewati beberapa perlakuan dan tahapan proses terhadap rumput laut. Salah satu parameter dalam mengetahui kualitas agar-agar kertas yaitu melalui tingkat kekuatan gel agar-agar tersebut. Pada pembuatan agar-agar kertas, kadar sulfat dapat menurunkan kekuatan gel agar-agar, karcnanya kadar sulfat direduksi dengan cara penambahan kalium hidroksida (KOH). Selain itu untuk meningkatkan mutu produk agar-agar kertas agar lebih cerah dan menarik minat konsumen maka digunakan khitosan sebagai bahan penyerap kotoran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan khitosan, air kelapa dan abu gosok, serta mencari perlakuan yang paling tepat dalam proses pembuatan agar-agar kertas.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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