Judul: Budaya Perkawinan Anak dan Kerentanan Rumah Tangga yang Ditimbulkan pada Masyarakat Madura
Abstrak: Kasus perkawinan anak masih banyak ditemukan di Indonesia, salah satunya yaitu di Madura. Perkawinan anak di Madura merupakan suatu budaya yang dianggap sah meskipun bertentangan dengan syarat Undang-Undang Perkawinan dan Undang-Undang Perlindungan Anak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis budaya perkawinan anak dan kerentanan rumah tangga. Metode yang digunakan dalam penulisan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung oleh data kualitatif dengan teknik pemilihan responden secara purposive. Unit analisis penelitian ini adalah rumah tangga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkawinan anak memiliki kerentanan yang lebih besar dari pada perkawinan non anak. Di antara pasangan perkawinan anak, pada kerentanan ekonomi jenis pasangan yang paling rentan adalah anak perempuan dengan laki-laki dewasa, pada kerentanan sosial dan psikologi jenis pasangan yang paling rentan adalah anak perempuan dengan anak laki-laki.
Keyword: perkawinan anak, karakteristik, kerentanan

Judul: Pengaruh budaya terhadap Nilai Anak dan Perilaku Investasi Anak: Kasus di Madura.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengindentifikasi karakteristik keluarga dan karakteristik anak pada keluarga nelayan serta menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik keluarga, karakteristik anak dan budaya terhadap nilai anak dan perilaku investasi anak pada keluarga nelayan di Kecamatan Talango, Kabupaten Sumenep, Madura. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada 60 keluarga nelayan yang memiliki anak prasekolah (3-5 tahun) yang dipilih secara acak. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah ibu yang diwawancarai menggunakan kuesioner. Uji regresi menujukkan bahwa nilai anak dipengaruhi oleh pendapatan perkapita dan nilai budaya dimensi maskulin-feminin. Uji regresi juga menunjukkan bahwa perilaku investasi anak dimensi uang dipengaruhi oleh usia anak dan pendapatan perkapita. Sementara perilaku investasi anak dimensi waktu dipengaruhi oleh lama pendidikan ibu dan nilai anak.
Keyword: anak prasekolah, budaya, investasi anak, keluarga nelayan, nilai anak

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable