Judul: Factory Equipment and Layout Design of Miniplant Scale Palm Oil Mill
Abstrak: Pabrik Kelapa Sawit (PKS) di Indonesia umumnya memiliki kapasitas produksi yang besar dan menerapkan standar buah yang tidak bisa sepenuhnya dipenuhi oleh petani swadaya. Selain itu, PKS besar memiliki letak yang jauh dari perkebunan milik petani swadaya sehingga memerlukan tambahan biaya distribusi. Salah satu solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalah tersebut adalah dengan mendirikan pabrik kelapa sawit skala miniplant. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pemilihan peralatan yang dibutuhkan oleh miniplant sawit dan membuat desain peralatan serta tata letak pabrik. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan desain fungsional dan struktural yang terdiri dari observasi, wawancara, studi literatur, analisis data, gambar teknik peralatan, serta membuat rancangan tata letak pabrik. Miniplant sawit menggunakan 14 jenis peralatan yang terdiri dari jembatan timbang, loading ramp, conveyor, vertical sterilizer, thresher, digester, screw press, ripple mill, nut and fiber separator, vibrating screen, vertical clarifier tank, vacuum dryer, tangki berpengaduk, dan storage tank. Desain peralatan yang dibuat telah disesuaikan sesuai dengan kapasitas produksi masing-masing alat. Luas keseluruhan yang dibutuhkan untuk proses produksi pada miniplant sawit adalah sebesar 902 m2., Palm oil mills in Indonesia generally have large production capacities and apply their own fruit standards that cannot be reached by independent farmers. Large palm oil mills are usually located far from farms owned by independent farmes, thus requiring additional distribution costs. One solution that can be done to overcome these probelms is to build miniplant scale palm oil mill. This research purpose is to determine the selection of equipment needed by palm oil miniplant and to design equipment along with factory layouts. This research was conducted with a functional and structural design that consisted of observations, interviews, literature studies, technical drawings of factory equipment, and making factory layout design. Palm oil miniplant use 14 types of equipment consisting of a weighbridge, loading ramp, conveyor, vertical sterilizer, thresher, digester, screw press, ripple mill, nut and fiber separator, vibrating screen, vertical clarifier tank, vacuum dryer, stirred tank, and storage tank. Factory equipment design has been adjusted to the production capacity of each piece of equipment. The total area required for the production process of the palm oil minipant is 902 m2.
Keyword: equipment design, factory layout, palm oil mills

Judul: Redesign of Equipment and Layout Miniplant Palm Oil Mill
Abstrak: Indonesian Palm Oil Mills are dominated by factories with large production capacities. Generally, the location of the PKS is far from independent smallholders so additional distribution costs are needed. This is certainly burdensome for independent smallholders because their profits are only from the sale of FFB. The solution that can be offered is the manufacture of oil palm miniplants near farmers to increase selling value by processing FFB into palm oil. This project aims to design layouts and equipment for processing oil palm miniplants from FFB to CPO, RPO, and cooking oil. The stages of making the design and layout are carried out by conducting land observations, interviews with experts or experts in the field of oil palm, literature studies, data analysis, engineering drawings, and miniplant factory layout designs. The equipment used is a loading ramp, scraper conveyor, screw conveyor, lorry, thresher, sterilizer, nut fiber separator, screw press, vibrating screen, clarifier tank, vacuum dryer, storage tank, stirred tank, bleaching tank, deodorizer, and filter press. The size of the tool is determined by adjusting the production capacity of the miniplant. After that, the layout is made using the CORELAP method. Oil palm miniplant requires a production area of 1183 m2.
Keyword: equipment design, miniplant palm oil, layout

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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