Judul: Competing Power And Claim Legitimation On Forest Resources: Case Of Forest Restoration In Batang Hari District, Jambi Province
Abstrak: Most of forest management system in developing country failed on handling the forests and peoples in villages. There are some systems in this country that even worsen the forests because of bad affection to the people in villages near the forests itself. Lots of forest area in Indonesia have been damaged into something we cannot recognize which tells us about the conflict inside. This research aims to analyze the dynamical power and the benefit of using these resources around Bungku Village from time to time until showing the overlapping claim on those resources. Bungku village is a dominated by forest area. The first restoration forest concessions located inside are doing the conservation in forest production with profit oriented spirit. This research also aims to analyze the competing actor to legitimate their claim on the agrarian resources in Bungku village, including built narration and also the webs of power between actors to legitimate their claim of those resources. This research used a qualitative approach. The data collection techniques used in-depth interview, observation and literature study. The qualitative data analyzed were primary and secondary data. This result showed that dynamic of power and benefit of using these forest resources in Bungku village were mostly controlled by the strong claim competition on some resources between actors. Overlapping claims happened because of the access ability in some side to get the benefits of forest resources from this Bungku village. Each actor having the ability of access meaned to get the legitimation property. This effort of access as the benefit property became primarily when the recourses was an open access which characterized with no control of resources. In a post-colonial country like Indonesia, the pluralism of law become a source of conflict claim, where every actor will claim based on different authority. When someone claims something that other claims too, to strengthen their own claim they need to vanish the other claim on the same resources. Every actor built a discourse and webs of power to strengthen their claim of those resources. Meanwhile, when the authority is not working anymore they will use violence instead. Violence on claim competing shows the resistance of other people existence to the same resources. The opponent will be considered as threatening, not as a collaboration partner. The act of seeing people as threat is source of violence. On a global discourse, the population and slash and burn agriculture is a main criminal of deforestation. The state will always look like in the side of private. The private power in resources always covered by legal and legitimated law as instruments. The s political territorialism of forest resources open the opportunity to everyone who have the power to authorize the forest. Besides that, the community have tried to build the legitimation in grass root level. The communities acting the local political territorialization of „ruralism‟ of forest as a counter of state territorialization. Some amount of local instruments of law are made for claim 6 legitimation and property relation with various nation institutions in an upper level. Some village have been developed quite fast
Keyword: overlapping claim, ecosystem restoration, access, and property

Judul: Konflik-konflik sumberdaya hutan di Jawa Barat dan Kalimantan Barat, Indonesia
Abstrak: The role of forests as a basis of human livelihood has occurred for a long time since the world’s early agricultural history. Throughout history, it has shown that the people’s living strategy has different patterns, influenced by culture and social changes. However, changes had to be carried out to respond to conflicts that occur due to the entry of state policy on the management of forest areas. By taking the exemplary case of conflicts in two locations, namely Mount Halimun Salak National Park (T.N.G.H.S.) located in the Bogor Regency, Sukabumi Regency and Lebak Regency, West Java and Banten Provinces, and Sungai Utik Forest, Kapuas Hulu Regency, West Kalimantan Province, through constructivist research methods and qualitative approach, the author can say that these forest resource conflicts always occur involving multiple parties with multiple interests. At least in the case of T.N.G.H.S. there are two parties in conflict, namely the State and the indigenous people of Kasepuhan, whereas in the case of Sungai Utik, it involves many parties, namely the State (Central Government), the State (Local Government), businessmen who are affiliated with the Central Government and businessmen who are affiliated with the Local Government and the indigenous people of Dayak Iban in Sungai Utik. Conflicts at T.N.G.H.S. occur because the state issued a policy on the expansion of the national park, while conflicts at Sungai Utik Forest occur because the state (Central Government) issued the Business License for Timber Management (I.U.P.H.H.K.) policy for businessmen, and the Local Government also issued the Business Licence for Plantation (I.U.P.) policy in the same region. Based on the phenomenon of conflicts in T.N.G.H.S. and Sungai Utik Forest, it can be said that conflicts of forest resources are conflicts of meaning, conflicts of tenur, conflicts of authority and conflicts of livelihood. Foucault's theory was used to see the conflict of meaning. The meaning is affected by the knowledge of the actor. This knowledge empowers the actors to claim the area as their property and gives them the power to control and to manage the forest resources. To analyze conflicts of tenur, conflicts of authority and conflicts of livelihood, the Dahrendorf conflict theory was used. Through the analysis of the Dahrendorf conflict theory, it can be said that the sharper the conflict of forest resources, the more visible the presence of the subordinated party and the other party that becomes the super ordinate. The indigenous people are the subordinated party, whereas the state is the super ordinate party. The more subordinated the people, the less the authority they have, and the more difficult the indigenous people obtain their interest on the right of access to forest management; thus the more resilient the people become in finding various supports for conflict resolution. Based on the phenomena found on location, conflicts of forest resources in the Kasepuhan community and the Dayak Iban community of Sungai Utik gave birth to a new theory, namely “the theory of social resilience in the fight over forest resources”. The resilience is understood as a struggle for survival. Each community has a different level of resilience. Communities
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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