Judul: Pengaruh Persepsi Risiko, Persepsi Manfaat, dan Akses Informasi terhadap Perencanaan Keuangan Keluarga dalam Pembelian Asuransi Jiwa
Abstrak: The uncertainties such as accident, death, and physical disability could disadvantageously affect humans’ livings; nevertheless those possible losses could be minimized. Life insurance is one of the financial planning forms that aiming to minimize the damage caused by the losses; however the citizens of Indonesia tend to have low participation in life insurance. The goal of this research was to analyze the influence of perceived risk, perceived benefit, and information access towards family financial planning in purchasing life insurance. The samples of this study were chosen by simple random sampling, consisted of 84 upper-middle families at Kebon Pedes Village, Tanah Sareal District, Bogor City. The study showed that perceived benefit influenced family financial planning in purchasing life insurance.
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Judul: Pengaruh Motivasi, Kebutuhan, dan Akses Informasi terhadap Perencanaan Keuangan Keluarga dalam Pembelian Asuransi Jiwa
Abstrak: People in their lives need security and comfort. The need of security is a situation which a person does not feel afraid in his/her life. Family should be able to manage of their material resource so that they can get achievement in the future. One of the managerial tools is financial planning in life insurance purchasing. Life insurance is a tool that can be done by family for getting security in the life. The sample in this research was a member of the family (husband or wife) who did financial planning. Samples were determined by using simple random sampling of 84 peoples. Data were collected by interview based on questionnaire. The aim of this research was to analyze the effect of motivation, needs, and information access on financial planning in life insurance purchasing. The result showed that motivation and need of security positively affected family financial planning in the life insurance purchasing
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable