Judul: Isolation, Characterization and Identification of Hemolysin Producing Bacteria on the Leaf Surface of Pohpohan (Pilea melastomoides (Poir.) Wedd.).
Abstrak: Pohpohan umumnya dikonsumsi masyarakat sebagai lalapan. Sayuran segar yangdikonsumsi secara langsung dapat membawa bakteri patogen bawaan pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi bakteri, mengarakterisasi, mengidentifikasi bakteri penghasil hemolisinpada permukaan daun pohpohan. Kuantifikasi bakteri pada media Blood Agar menunjukkan jumlah bakteri patogen sebanyak 6,2 x108 CFU/g. Koloni bakteri dengan morfologi yang berbeda dipilih dan dimurnikan untuk dianalisis karakterisasi lebih lanjut morfologi koloni danselnya. Sebanyak delapan isolat bakteri terpilih memiliki warna koloni yang sama yaitu putih,namun memiliki bentuk, tepian, elevasi, karakteristik optik, dan permukaan koloni yang bervariasi. Semua isolat bakteri tersebut tergolong bakteri Gram positif berbentuk basil denganpenataan sel berantai atau tunggal. Kedelapan isolat terpilih mampu melisiskan sel darah merah (hemolisis positif) yang tergolong ke dalam ß- hemolisin. Identifikasi molekuler berdasarkangen 16S rRNA menunjukkan empat isolat memiliki kemiripan sekuens yang tinggi (similarity:lebih dari 99%) dengan bakteri Bacillus paramycoides, dua isolat teridentifikasi sebagai Bacillus subtilis, dan dua isolat lainnya teridentifikasi dengan Bacillus cereus dan Bacillus tequilensis.
Keyword: Bacillus, sayur segar, Pohpohan, Hemolisis

Judul: Analisis Anatomi, Struktur Sekretori, dan Histokimia Tanaman Pohpohan (Pilea trinervia W.).
Abstrak: Pohpohan (Pilea trinervia) merupakan tumbuhan liar yang banyak tumbuh di daerah tropis maupun subtropis. Pohpohan memiliki kandungan senyawa fenolik yang berfungsi sebagai antioksidan. Adanya aktivitas antioksidan diketahui memiliki pengaruh biologis sebagai anti alergi, anti bakteri, anti inflamatori dan anti virus. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui anatomi pohpohan, struktur sekretori, dan akumulasi senyawa metabolit di dalamnya. Karakter anatomi dipelajari pada sayatan paradermal dan transversal. Hasil analisis struktur anatomi helai daun menunjukkan bentuk sel epidermis tidak beraturan dan terdapat lekukan pada sisi adaksial dan abaksial. Stomata yang ditemukan bertipe anisositik. Helai daun tersusun oleh jaringan epidermis, jaringan palisade dan bunga karang, serta berkas pembuluh. Tangkai daun dan batang tersusun oleh epidermis, jaringan kolenkima dan parenkima dengan berkas pembuluh bertipe kolateral terbuka. Kolenkima pada tangkai daun dan batang bertipe angular. Struktur sekretori yang ditemukan pada helai daun berupa trikoma kelenjar multiselular tipe peltat, sedangkan pada tangkai daun dan batang berupa idioblas, serta adanya sistolit pada ketiga bagian tersebut. Uji histokimia pada helai daun pohpohan menunjukkan adanya akumulasi metabolit sekunder pada trikoma kelenjar multiselular berupa senyawa alkaloid, fenol, terpenoid, dan flavonoid. Senyawa metabolit sekunder yang ditemukan pada sel idioblas di tangkai daun dan batang berupa senyawa alkaloid, fenol, dan terpenoid.
Keyword: anatomi, histokimia, Pilea trinervia, struktur sekretori

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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