Judul: Economic valuation of landscape agroforestry as environmental Services in Krueng Aceh watershed
Abstrak: Utilization of the landscape by humans resulted varied landscape character in watershed Krueng Aceh. Changes occur is not harmonious arrangement of the impact of land use in the Krueng Aceh watershed has caused floods and droughts. Agroforestry is a land management system by means of the practice of intercropping, stands of trees and crops. The practice can be offered to address the problems that arise as a result of land use which decrease in soil fertilites, floods, droughts, flora fauna extinction, and global climate changes. This study aims (1) to analyze the diversity of plants in agroforestry practices that have a water conservation in landscape services Krueng Aceh. (2) Assess the service economy agroforestry landscape in the management of water resources in Krueng Aceh. (3) Develop agroforestry as a development strategy in the environmental services in watershed Krueng Aceh. The research location were determined by using purposive sampling method. Data collection was performed by the method of Rapid Agro- Biodiversity Appraisal. Total economic assessment with use value and non use values of agroforestry. Analysis of agroforestry as a development strategy for environmental services subsequently approach to Strength - Weakness - Opportunities - Threat (SWOT) analysis. The composition of the vegetation structure found in the study sites tend to vary with agroforestry diversity index were moderate (1 < H ' < 3) on the upper stream and middle stream Krueng Aceh watershed. Total economic value of the resultant agroforestry Krueng Aceh region was equal Rp.8 707 679 246 232. Based on the SWOT analysis and matrix Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) generated eight priority agroforestry management strategies as environmental services. Based on the results of the diversity of agroforestry, the need improvement types of plant species diversity in agro-forestry practices, both at the upper stream and middle stream watershed Krueng Aceh, especially plants that have environmental services in an effort to conserve soil and water, among others, Aleuritas moluccana, Mangifera indica, Bamboo sp, Ficus variegeta, Salix tetrasperma, Arenga pinata.
Keyword: soil and water conservation, total economic value, tree species

Judul: Land use planning for sustainable agriculture in krueng peutoe river stream area of north aceh district
Abstrak: The Krueng Peutoe is a sub watershed of the Jambo Aye watershed in North Aceh District of Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam Province. The aims of this research was to 1) evaluate the appropriateness of land use and land capability on Krueng Peutoe watershed, especially in the agricultural land, 2) plan of sustainable agriculture land use on Krueng Peutoe watershed. The survey method was applied in this research and consist of 1) map overlay, 2) field survey, 3) evaluation and land capability classification, 4) evaluation of cropping pattern and agrotechnology, 5) erosion prediction using USLE method, 6) social economic analysis and 7) recommendation of cropping pattern agrotechnology. The result of land use appropriateness obtained the land capability classification (KKL) II with slope limitation factor on Homogenous Land Unit (SLH) 15 and 10, KKL III with slope limitation factor and erosion on SLH 16, slope limitation factor on SLH 1, 5, 9,12, the KKL VI with slope limitation factor on SLH 3, 4, 6, 7, 8, 14 and KKL VII with slope limitation factor on SLH 17. The prediction of erosion in mixed garden was obtained 14,56 – 403,82 ton/ha/year and its value was larger than Tolerable Soil Loss (ETol) value (23,03 – 39,60 ton/ha/year). Its decreased land productivity and affected to the low income of farmer (Rp 754.000 – Rp 7.434.000/HH/year). After the reconstruction of cropping pattern, agrotechnology and addition of other side job. Based on calculation, its expected obtain the erosion value 1,09 – 30,28 ton/ha/year and income increasing become Rp10.267.200 – Rp12.441.060/ HH/year to fulfill the basic living standard (> Rp 9.600.000/HH/year). The recommendation on this research were : KKL II and III with land use for mixed garden and plantation need a reconstruction of cropping pattern and agrotechnology. KKL VI with land use for mixed garden and plantation needed application of agrotechnology that was added with terrace strengthener plants and planting based on contour. Land use for forest at the same class was recommended as a forest, and land use for underbrush at the same class was recommended to be shep herding savannah /shepherding field. KKL VII for mixed garden was recommended to be agroforestry.
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Judul: Kimiawi imunoglobulin G serta perbedaabbya antara berbagi species hewan
Abstrak: Antibodi adalah molekul protein yang dihasilkan oleh sel plasma sebagai akibat interaksi antara limfosit B peka antigen dengan antigen khusus. Antibodi ini disebut juga imunoglobulin karena molekulnya berbentuk globulin. Jadi imunoglobulin merupakan molekul protein yang membawa akti- vitas antibodi, yaitu sifat kombinasi spesifik dengan zat yang mendatangkan formasi antigen. Diantara kelas imunoglobulin, Ig G adalah yang paling melimpah dalam serum darah. Ig G ini memainkan peran utama dalam mekanisme pertahanan. Ig G merupakan struktur glikoprotein dengan dasar bentuk bangunan diagram tetrapolipeptida yang mengandung 4 ran tai polipeptida dengan 2 rantai berat (H) yang identik dan 2 rantai ringan L) yang identik. Rantai polipeptida ini di bentuk oleh rangkaian asam amino. Tiap rantai berat (H) me ngandung 446 residu asam amino dengam BM (2 x 50.000) Dal ton dan tiap rantai ringan (L) mengandung residu asam amino 213() atau 214 () dengan BM (2 x 25.000) Dalton. Bagian variabel dari rantai berat (VH) mengandung 118 residu asam amino dan bagian variabel rantai ringan (VL) mengandung 108 () atau 109 () residu, sedangkan residu sisanya dari masing-masing rantai adalah bagian konstan (CH dan CL). Adanya perbedaan-perbedaan dalam hal asam amino pada salah satu daerah variabel dapat menyebabkan perbedaan imun respon. ...
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