Judul: Community-Based Bird Breeding Business in Karangtalun Hamlet, Wukirsari Village, Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Jumlah penangkar burung di Jawa Tengah dan Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta tercatat sebesar 28,9% lebih banyak dibandingkan penangkaran satwa lainnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kondisi penangkaran burung di Dusun Karangtalun, menganalisis nilai ekonomi finansial dan kontribusi usaha penangkaran burung, serta menentukan alternatif upaya pengembangan usaha penangkaran burung. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Desa Wukirsari pada Februari hingga Maret 2020 dengan metode wawancara. Analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah metode cash flow. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa usaha penangkaran burung di Dusun Karangtalun merupakan usaha skala mikro. Jenis burung yang ditangkarkan meliputi perkutut, lovebird, dederuk jawa, dan kenari. Total nilai ekonomi finansial usaha penangkaran burung sebesar Rp 18.017.647,-. Kontribusinya terhadap ekonomi keluarga sebesar 48,02% dan terhadap PDRB sebesar 67,27%. Alternatif pengembangan usaha meliputi pelegalan paguyuban penangkar, penyempurnaan program kerja, inovasi dan pengembangan, pengaktifan kembali desa wisata, dan menjalin kerjasama dengan pihak terkait., The number of bird breeding business in Central Java and the Special Region of Yogyakarta was recorded at 28.9% more than other animals. The aims of this study were to analyze the condition of captive bird breeding in Karangtalun Hamlet, to analyze the financial economic value and contribution of the captive bird breeding business, and to determine strategies alternative to develop a captive breeding business. This study was carried out in in Karangtalun Hamlet from February to March 2020 with the interview method. The analysis used in this study is the cash flow method. The results of this study indicate that the bird breeding business in Karangtalun Hamlet is a micro-scale business. The types of birds that are bred included turtledoves, lovebirds, Javanese dederuk, and canaries. The total financial economic value of the bird breeding business was Rp 18.017.647.-. Its contribution to the family economy was 48,02% and to PDRB was 67,27%. Alternative business development included legalizing bird breeding associations, improving work programs, innovation and development, reactivating tourism villages, and establishing cooperation with related parties.
Keyword: breeding, cashflow, community, revenue

Judul: Performance Bird Market in Bogor West Java
Abstrak: Keragaan pasar burung merupakan pencapaian usaha dalam menjalankan aktivitas perdagangan burung, sehingga penelitian ini digunakan untuk melihat seberapa ekonomisnya usaha perdagangan burung yang dilakukan. Penelitian dilakukan dengan mewawancarai pedagang dan pembeli burung menggunakan metode purposive dan accidental sampling. Pasar burung di Bogor menjual bermacam jenis burung, sangkar, pakan, aksesoris, alat perawatan, obat dan vitamin. Sebagian besar pedagang burung berlatar usaha karena hobi, lama usaha kurang dari 5 tahun, dan sebagai pedagang profesional. Pembeli burung rata-rata orang dewasa dan menyukai jenis burung tertentu untuk peliharaan rumah. Asal burung sebagian besar dari Pulau Jawa. Saluran pemasaran yaitu penangkap-penjual-pembeli, penangkar-penjual-pembeli, dan penangkap-agen-penjual-pembeli. Nilai ekonomi pasar burung sebanyak Rp453.394.000/bulan dengan keuntungan Rp114.935.000/bulan. Keragaan pasar burung di Bogor dilihat dari hasil perhitungan eff-X dan PCM menunjukkan hasil yang beragam. Hasil perhitungan efisiensi internal dan PCM merupakan indikator pedagang dalam meningkatkan margin pemasaran., The performance bird market is a business achievement in bird trading activities, so the research is used to see how economical the bird trading business is. The research was conducted by interviewing traders and buyers of bird using purposive and accidental sampling method. The bird market in Bogor sells various type of birds, cages, feeds, accessories, grooming tools, medicines, and vitamins. Most of the bird traders have a business background due to hobbies, business length less than 5 years, and as professional traders. The average of bird buyers are adults and they prefer to buy several species as a pet. The origin of bird is mostly from Java. The market channels are catcher-seller-buyer, captive-seller-buyer, and catcher-agent-seller-buyer. The economic value of the bird market is IDR 453.394.000/month with a profit of IDR 114.935.000/month. The performance bird market in Bogor which is counted from the calculation of the Eff-X (Internal Efficiency) and PCM (Price Cost Margin) shows mixed results. The result of the calculation of Eff-X and PCM are indicators of traders in increase marketing margin.
Keyword: bogor, keragaan, pasar burung, perdagangan burung, bogor, bird market, bird trade, performance

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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