Judul: Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio palem botol (Mascarena lagenicaulis L.) dalam kultur in vitro
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh BAP dan NAA terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio palem botol serta menentukan konsentrasi BAP dan NAA yang paling optimum bagi pertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio palem botol. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan terpisah. Dalam percobaan pertama biji palem botol direndam dalam larutan GA3 10 mg/l selama 2 x 24 jam dan kemudian embrio ditanam dalam media perlakuan sitokinin (BAP) dengan auksin (NAA). Pada percobaan kedua biji palem botol direndam dalam larutan GA3 100 mg/l selama 2 x 24 jam dan kemudian embrio ditanam dalam media perlakuan seperti percobaan pertama. Konsentrasi BAP yang digunakan adalah 2, 4, 6 mg/l dan konsentrasi NAA yang digunakan adalah 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 mg/l. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap. Setiap perlakuan dalam masing-masing percobaan diulang sebanyak 10 kali. Pada percobaan 1 diperoleh persentase perkecambahan embrio palem botol sebesar 42.22 %. Perlakuan BAP 2-4 mg/l dengan NAA 0.5 mg/1 memberikan hasil yang lebih baik.
Keyword: Palem botol, Mascarena lagenicaulis L., Media kultur jaringan, Zat pengatur tumbuh

Judul: Pengaruh NAA dan kinetin terhadap pertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio panili dalam kultur in vitro
Abstrak: Percobaan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh beberapa taraf konsentrasi zat pengatur tumbuh NAA dan Kinetin terhadap perkecambahan. pertumbuhan dan perkembangan embrio panili dalam kultur in vitro. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Jurusan Budi Daya Pertanian, Fakultas Pertanian, Institut Pertanian Bogor, mulai Desember 1989 hingga September 1990. Dua faktor zat pengatur tumbuh yang diuji dalam percobaan ini adalah NAA 3 taraf (0 mg/1, 0.1 mg/1, 0.5 mg/1) dan Kinetin 4 taraf (0 mg/1. 0.1 mg/1, 0.5 mg/1 dan 1.0 mg/1). Media yang digunakan adalah media padat Murashige and Skoog (MS) setengah konsentrasi. Pada percobaan awal, tahap perkecambahan embrio panili, digunakan dua macam buah. yaitu buah yang embrionya matang secara fisiologis dan buah yang embrionya muda berumur 40-60 hari setelah polinasi. Pada saat subkultur dila- kukan percobaan terpisah dengan menggunakan bahan tanam yang berbeda, yaitu potongan satu buku berukuran 1 cm dan seluruh tunas. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap...
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite