Judul: The effect of partnership to efficiency of virginia tobacco in Lombok Island West Nusa Tenggara
Abstrak: The grand objective of the study is to analyse the effect of partnership to efficiency of agribusiness of virginia tobacco in Lombok Island by stochastic frontier production function approach and stochastic frontier translog profit function approach. The specific objectives are to determine factors affecting output of virginia tobacco; to study the effect of partnership to technical efficiency and technical inefficiency; to study the effect of partnership to profit efficiency and profit inefficiency. The multy stage purposive sampling technique was used to select 2 regencies, East Lombok Regency included eight subdistricts (Terara, Sikur, Sukamulia, East Sakra, Sakra and West Sakra) consists of 19 villages, and Central Lombok included 2 subdistricts (Kopang and Janapria) consists of six villages. The respondents were 300 growers of virginia tobacco consists of 150 partnership farmers and 150 nonpartnership farmers. The cross section data were gathered from those 300 respondents through indepth interview. The Stochastic Frontier Production Function was used to analyse the data. The Stochastic Frontier Cobb- Douglas was used to analyse the technical efficiency an technical inefficiency. Whilest, the stochastic frontier translog profit function was used to analyse the profit efficiency an profit inefficiency. Each parameter of β0, βi, the variant of ui and vi were estimated by using Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. Furthermore, the factors affecting output level and profits, and inefficiency factors (-ui) were analysed. The Frontier 4.1 program was used to estimate the production function parameter and profit function stochastic frontier. The results showed that the partnership had statistically an insignificant effect on the technical efficiency indicated by almost similar percentage of indice technical efficiency of both partnership and nonpartnership farmers. As well as, the parameter of partnership dummy variable as the technical inefficiency factor had a positive sign and insignificant. However, it statistically had significant effect to profit efficiency. The factors decreasing technical inefficiency and profit inefficiency were the land tenancy status, the minimum land spacious, the farming experience of farmers, the type of soil of ricefield and the kind of fuel for tobacco leaves drying. Technically, the tenant farmers more efficient indicated by the positif parameter of tenancy variable, but economically the tenancy tends to increase the profit inefficiency because of the expensive land rent. Technically, the narrow land area was more efficient, but economically the wider the land the greater the profit. In term of fuel used, kerosene was more efficient technically compared to other fuel because the farmers were accustomed to use it. They do not need much time to control it continuously, and using it could get better quality of dried leaved of Virginia tobacco. However, using it could increase profit inefficiency because it was the most costly fuel compared to others. Using eggshel of oil palm as an alternative fuel for tobacco leaves drying could decrease profit inefficiency, eventhough it is mixed with fire wood. vii The price of outputs and inputs had a significant effect to profit efficiency of agribusiness of Virginia tobacco, so that the outputs price is often to be farmers‟ consideration for production decision. The outputs and inputs price are the main determinant
Keyword: partnership system, eficiency, inefficiency, agribusiness

Judul: Entrepreneurship behaviour effect on the performance of virginia tobacco in East Java
Abstrak: Tobacco is a commodity that has contributed and strategic position to farmers and to the country, where the average land area in Indonesia tobacco crop per year of 200 000 hectares with a production of 170 000 tonnes and 600 000 households involving farmers. Cultivation of tobacco face a variety of problems, both technical and non-technical issues. Tobacco farming also has a big risk in production, prices, costs, and revenues. Human resource development is a key issue because nowadays we need creative and innovative farmers in order to survive and compete. Factors determining the success or failure of entrepreneurial farmers in adapting to the changing of business environment. Entrepreneurial behavior is influenced by the nature of individual and environmental factors which consists of the economic environment, social environment, political environment, and physical environment. Beside influence entrepreneurial behavior, the nature of the individual and the environment also affects the performance of tobacco farming. Therefore, the relationship and influence between individuals, environmental factors, entrepreneurial behavior on the performance of farming will be tested, so this study aims to : 1) Determine the factors that influence entrepreneurial behavior and performance of the farm; 2) Analyze the influence of personality traits and environmental factors to entrepreneurial behavior; and 3) Analyze the influence of personality trait, environmental factors, and entrepreneurial behavior to the performance of individual tobacco farming. Influence of the independent variable on the dependent variable was measured by using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the factors that influence the behavior of the individual nature of entrepreneurship among other things, the economic environment, and the physical environment, while the factors that affect farm performance, among others personality trait, economic environment, political environment, physical environment, and entrepreneurial behavior. The nature of individual and environmental factors influence entrepreneurial behavior with the greatest influence comes from personality trait. Entrepreneurial behavior have a significant effect on the performance of the business, but not a dominant factor affecting the performance. Economic environment being the most influential variables on the performance of agriculture due to tobacco farmers generally very responsive to changes in price. Entrepreneurial behavior alone had no significant effect on performance because of tobacco cigarette industry faced with oligopsony market structure that makes farmers have no bargaining power and thus require a supportive environment. Thus, entrepreneurial behaviour should be viewed as only one causal factor in a complex model of factors that promote performance.
Keyword: entrepreneurship, performance, tobacco

Judul: Embriogenesis ikan buta (Astyanax fasciatus)
Abstrak: Ikan buta Astyanax fasciatus adalah spesies ikan unik dari famili Characidae yang menempati perairan dalam gua di Wilayah La Cueva Chica-San Luis Potasi-Mexico. Ikan ini memiliki mata yang tereduksi (Blind Cavefish) dan warna kulit merah muda, pucat serta mengkilap.
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