Judul: Analisis Perubahan Tutupan Lahan, Tingkat Perkembangan, dan Tipologi Wilayah Kabupaten Karawang
Abstrak: Kabupaten Karawang terdampak oleh ekspansi area perkotaan Jakarta sehingga mengalami meluasnya area pengkotaan. Hal ini menyebabkan tingginya angka konversi lahan pertanian ke non-pertanian. Fenomena konversi lahan ini perlu mendapat perhatian mengingat Kabupaten Karawang merupakan wilayah lumbung padi nasional. Pembangunan di Kabupaten Karawang juga terjadi dalam berbagai aspek, seperti aspek pendidikan, kesehatan, dan ekonomi. Adanya kebutuhan pemenuhan seluruh aspek tersebut menyebabkan perbedaan tingkat perkembangan aspek di setiap desa. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan melalui overlay peta tutupan lahan dua titik tahun, menganalisis tingkat perkembangan wilayah di setiap desa melalui analisis skalogram dari data potensi desa, serta menganalisis tipologi wilayah melalui metode klaster non-hirarki dari data ketersediaan fasilitas serta persentase luas tutupan lahan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terjadi konversi lahan yang tinggi pada lahan pertanian (sawah dan pertanian lahan kering) ke non-pertanian (lahan terbangun dan tanah terbuka), terutama di desa- desa di Kecamatan Karawang Barat. Indeks Perkembangan Desa (IPD) merupakan representasi tingkat perkembangan wilayah. Mayoritas desa di Kabupaten Karawang mengalami kenaikan IPD pada tahun 2011 ke 2020. Nilai IPD umumnya tinggi di desa- desa di Kecamatan Karawang Barat. Namun, Kabupaten Karawang dominan memiliki tingkat perkembangan wilayah sangat rendah. Hasil analisis tipologi wilayah membagi Kabupaten Karawang menjadi 3 klaster, yaitu klaster perkotaan, klaster sub-urban dan persawahan, serta klaster perdesaan berhutan. Adanya perubahan tutupan lahan serta peningkatan IPD mengindikasikan bahwa Kabupaten Karawang mengalami perkembangan wilayah pada tahun 2011 ke 2020., Karawang Regency was affected by the expansion of Jakarta’s urban area causing the expansion of urban areas. This caused a high rate of agricultural land coversion to non-agricultural land. This land conversion phenomenon needs attention since that Karawang Regency is a national rice granary area. Development of Karawang Regency also occurs in various aspects, such as education, health, and economic aspects. The need to fulfill all these aspects causes differences in the level of development of these aspects in each village. This research was purposed to analyze changes in land cover through overlaying a two point years land cover map, analyzing the level of regional development in each village through scalogram analysis of village potential data, and analyzing regional typology using a non-hierarchical cluster method from data on facility availability and land cover. The results of the analysis show that there is high land conversion from agricultural land (rice fields and dry land farming) to non-agricultural land (built-up land and open land), especially the villages in West Karawang District. The Village Development Index (IPD) represents the level of regional development. The majority of villages in Karawang Regency experienced an increase in IPD from 2011 to 2020. IPD values are generally high in villages in West Karawang District. However, Karawang Regency predominantly has a very low level of regional development. The results of the regional typology analysis divide Karawang Regency into 3 clusters, such as the urban cluster, the sub-urban and ricefield cluster, and the forested rural cluster. The changes in land cover and increase in IPD indicate that Karawang Regency experienced regional development from 2011 to 2020.
Keyword: village, village development index, non-hierarchical cluster, land conversion, scalogram

Judul: Perkembangan Fisik Perkotaan Kabupaten Karawang dan Purwakarta sebagai Wilayah Koridor Jakarta-Bandung Mega-Urban Region
Abstrak: Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan areas in Indonesia are areas that have a very high regional attractiveness because the infrastructure and public facilities are more developed and adequate than other areas. The attractiveness of this area leads to the phenomenon of urban expansion and an increase in built-up areas rapidly caused by the process of urbanization and suburbanization. The urbanization and suburbanization processes that occur in the Jakarta-Bandung area have affected the surrounding areas, such as Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies, resulting in increased population growth and built-up areas in the two regencies. The increasing population and various activities in an area will encourage the addition number and types of public facilities due to the increasing need for both regional infrastructure and facilities so that urban physical developments occur. The increase in the rate of urban physical development of this area will lead to an increase in land-use change, especially on vegetated lands to become built-up lands due to the massive development of regional infrastructure, both regional infrastructure and facilities. This research has an objective to 1) identify the changes of built-up and paddy fields Land Use/Land Cover (LULC) in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies based on existing and future conditions; 2) determine the level of service facilities and its spatial distribution pattern in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies in 2003 and 2018; 3) determine the spatial variation of the factors driving the urban physical development in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies and 4) directions to the Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies Local Governments regarding urban physical development trends that occur. The type of data used in this research is secondary data in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies such as administrative maps in 2010, Landsat image maps in 2005, 2010, and 2018, population data, road network data, and village potential data in the year 2003 and 2018. Then the secondary data were analyzed using the spatial analysis approach and CA-Markov modeling to answer objective number 1; scalogram analysis, global & local moran’s index analysis to answer objective number 2; geographically weighted regression analysis to answer objective number 3 and clustering analysis also descriptive analysis to answer objective number 4. Urban physical developments that occur in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies continue to experience an increase characterized by a large increase in the area of built-up LULC in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies which predominantly occurred in the area around the connecting accessibility route between Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan areas. This increase in the area of built-up LULC also led to a decrease or shrinkage in the area of paddy fields LULC most of which was converted to built-up LULC. The Land Use/Land Cover Changes (LULCC) trend in the period 2005-2018 has led to a continuous increase in built-up LULC in the future as a result of LULC projections in 2031. The village development index in Karawang and Purwakarta Regencies also has the same trend as the LULCC trend, which has a high value or more developed in the area around the connecting accessibility route between Jabodetabek and Greater Bandung metropolitan areas. The spatial autocorrelation distribution pattern of the village
Keyword: built-up, paddy fields, public facility, urban expansion

Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition