Judul: Biskuita Konsentrat Protein Ikan dan Probiotik Sebagai Makanan Tambahan Untuk Meningkatkan Antibodi lgA dan Status Gizi Anak Balita
Abstrak: Masalah kurang enegri protein (KEP) anak balita hingga saat ini masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat, walaupun usaha perbaikan gizi keluarga oleh lemabaga pemerintah maupun non pemerintah sudah banyak dilaksanakan. Pemberian makanan tambahan berbasis konsentrat protein ikan diduga merupakan salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi masalah ini, melalui pemulihan kesehatan, peningkatan status gizi dan peningkatan imunisasi.
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Judul: Efficacy of Biscuit Enriched with the Catfish Protein Flour (Clarias gariepinus), Soy Protein Isolate and Enterococcus faecium IS-27526 Microencapsulated Probiotic as a Supplementary Food on Underweight Underfive Children (2-5 years old).
Abstrak: Masalah gizi kurang pada balita bukanlah merupakan hal yang baru, namun masalah ini tetap aktual, dicerminkan adanya peningkatan prevalensi KEP di daerah kantong kemiskinan. Kondisi ini diperparah dengan adanya bencana alam diberbagai daerah. Laporan Riskesdas (Depkes 2008) menunjukkan di Indonesia periode 2005-2007, telah terjadi perbaikan status gizi balita melampaui target pembangunan jangka menengah (20%), namun masih belum merata dan bahkan masih terdapat 19 propinsi dengan prevalensi gizi buruk dan gizi kurang masih cukup tinggi. Lebih lanjut menurut Jalal (2009) berat badan rata-rata anak balita Indonesia setelah usia 6 bulan, semakin bertambah umur, semakin menjauh dari berat badan rata-rata rujukan WHO 2005. Menggunakan nilai rata-rata Z_skor semakin bertambah umur, tinggi badan anak Indonesia juga semakin menjauhi standar WHO. Disisi lain, Riskesdas (Depkes 2008) melaporkan bahwa di Indonesia penyakit ISPA (>35%) dan diare (16.7%) tertinggi pada usia balita, demikian juga penyebab kematian balita adalah diare dan pnemonia. Menurut Tomkins (2002) masalah kurang gizi merupakan faktor penyebab utama tingginya penyakit infeksi dan menurut WHO dan UNICEF hampir 60% kematian anak diasosiasikan dengan gizi kurang. Program intervensi dalam bentuk makanan tambahan bergizi dan sekaligus upaya penguatan imunitas tubuh balita perlu mendapat perhatian serius agar anak balita tidak mudah jatuh ke keadaan kurang gizi dan mudah sakit. Pengadaan PMT balita selama ini masih terfokus pada kandungan zat gizi konvensional saja dan belum memperhatikan potensi fungsional. Hasil Evaluasi WFP dan FKM UNAIR (2008) menunjukkan PMT biskuit memiliki daya terima yang baik pada balita, sedangkan Boobier et al. (2006) biskuit konvensional yang tinggi lemak dan gula diasosiasikan diet tidak sehat, namun dapat dimodifikasi menjadi produk fungsional. Secara umum penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis efikasi pemberian makanan tambahan biskuit yang diperkaya dengan protein ikan Lele Dumbo (Clarias gariepinus), isolat protein kedelai dan probiotik Enterococcus faecium IS- 27526 terhadap peningkatan status gizi, respon imun humoral (sIgA) dan morbiditas balita berat badan rendah (BBR).Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian ekspeimental dengan desain Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) Double Blind Pre-post study. Penelitian di masyarakat dilakukan mulai Juni hingga September 2009 di 4 wilayah kerja Puskesmas di Kabupaten Sukabumi yaitu Kadudampit, Warungkiara, Bantargadung dan Cikaka
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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