Judul: Optimasi Proses Peningkatan Ketidakjenuhan CPO Dwlam  Agroindustri Menggunakan Absidia corymbifera
Abstrak: Unsaturated fatty acids are fatty acids, which are related to the human health. The higher level of unsaturated fatty acid is proportional to the risk decrease of human heart disease. The level of unsaturated Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is defined as the amount of carbons double bond per unit weight of CPO.
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Judul: Optimation of Unsaturation Level Increase of Crude Palm Oil with Desaturase by Using Continuous Systems
Abstrak: Desaturase is the catalyst for the formation of the double bond carbon chains either monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) or polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA). Desaturase producing fungi can be used to increase the unsaturation of crude palm oil (CPO). In the present study the fungi used was Rhizopus oryzae, because it is edible. The purpose of this study was to test the ability of Rhizopus oryzae in producing desaturase, extending enzyme-substrarate contact time, and increasing unsaturation of crude palm oil using bioreactor system model of spiral hose with height variation. First, the fungi were cultured in liquid media with supplements containing certain salts and CPO using Erlenmeyer. After incubation, the culture supernatant was separated from the biomass (liquid fermentation). Liquid fermentation was transferred into a bioreactor system model of continuous spiral hose with height variations (50 cm, 100 cm, 150 cm, 200 cm and 250 cm). Palm oil was pumped from the bottom of the column using a peristaltic pump. CPO was then characterized by determining the iodine number, saponification number, acid number and fatty acid composition both before and after the bioconversion. The results showed that Rhizopus oryzae fermentation liquid was able to increase the unsaturation CPO and multiple unsaturated fatty acid content. On studied conditions, the maximum unsaturation increase occurred at a height of 200 cm with iodine value change of 17.091 g I2/100g CPO with the contact time for 35 minutes. This indicated that the longer the contact time, the higher the unsaturation of CPO. Iodine number could also decrease due to the oxidation of the C = C double bond, that was indicated from the results of iodine number at a height of 250 cm with iodine value change of 15.886 g I2/100g CPO for contact time of 47 minutes. At the optimum conditions, the saponification number was 183.489 g KOH/g CPO and acid number was 9.36 g KOH/g CPO with levels of free fatty acids (% FFA) of 0.936%. Fatty acid composition of palm oil after optimum bioconversion conditions showed increase in oleic acid, and linoleic acid.
Keyword: polyunsaturated fatty acid, liquid fermentation, desaturase enzymes, Rhizopus oryzae, and continuous systems

Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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