Judul: Analisis Biaya Pengusahaan  Lebah Madu Pada Perlebahan Puspa Alas Roban di Gringsing, Kabupaten Batang, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Usaha perlebahan madu merupakan suatu bentuk pengelolaan hasil hutan non kayu yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan di Indonesia. Hal ini dikarenakan Indonesia memiliki spesies lebah lokal yang adaptif, hutan yang luas dimana terdapat tanaman penghasil nektar, produksi madu domestik sangat rendah dibandingkan tingkat permintaan yang tinggi dan usaha ini menghasilkan produk yang bermanfaat bagi umat manusia seperti: madu, royal jelly, bee venom, bee pollen, propolis dan malam. Usaha perlebahan madu berdampak positif bagi masyarakat dan lingkungan, karena dapat membuka lapangan kerja baru, menurunkan laju deforestasi hutan dan membantu penyerbukan tanaman di dalam hutan ataupun perkebunan
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Judul: Biaya Pengusahaan Lebah Madu pada Perlebahan Milik Rakyat dan Milik Perhutani di Pati, Jawa Tengah dan Sukabumi, Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Kegiatan perlebahan memiliki manfaat yang sangat banyak, diantaranya menghasilkan produk berupa madu, bee propolis, bee pollen dan royal jelly yang bernilai gizi tinggi sehingga dapat meningkatkan gizi masyarakat, menciptakan lapangan kerja, meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat sekitar hutan, meningkatkan nilai tambah dan pendapatan negara, serta menjaga kelestarian hutan. Saat ini, kebutuhan madu di Indonesia diperkirakan 10-15 juta kg per tahun, sedangkan produksi total Indonesia nilainya sekitar 2 juta kg per tahun. Jelaslah terlihat bahwa usaha perlebahan memiliki prospek yang baik. Analisis biaya pengusahaan lebah madu perlu dilakukan sebagai salah satu usaha pengembangan perlebahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisis struktur biaya pengusahaan lebah madu (perlebahan), serta menganalis harga pokok produk budidaya lebah madu dan keuntungan yang diperoleh dari usaha tersebut. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei 2004 di 2 perlebahan milik I'ertim Perhutani, yaitu Unit Pelaksana Pengembangan Perlebahan (UP3) Regaloh di Jawa Tengah clan UP3 Gunmlg Arca di Jawa Barat, serta di 2 perlebahan milik rakyat, yaitu Apiari Harapan Maju Semesta di Jawa Tengah dan Apiari Kaliandra Sari di Jawa Barat. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan melakukan pengulturan langsung di lapangan, wawancara dan pencatatan data yang tersedia di perusahaan. Analisis data yang dilaltultan mencakup menghitung biaya pengusahaan : madu, harga pokok dan break even point. Sistem pemasaran produk lebah madu dan dampak usaha budidaya lebah madu terhadap kesejahteraan masyarakat juga dikaji.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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