Judul: Penapisan Virtual Senyawa Aktif Ginseng (Panax ginseng) Terhadap PPARγ dalam Meningkatkan Sensitivitas Insulin
Abstrak: Perubahan demografi di Indonesia menyebabkan timbulnya penyakit degeneratif seperti Diabetes Melitus (DM). DM merupakan gangguan metabolik yang ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemia. Sebanyak 90 % kasus DM didominasi oleh DM tipe 2. PPARγ merupakan faktor transkripsi yang berperan mengekspresikan adipogenesis dalam peningkatan senstivitas insulin. Ginseng (Panax ginseng) merupakan tumbuhan herbal yang banyak digunakan dalam pengobatan tradisional dan berpotensi sebagai agonis PPARγ. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyeleksi dan memprediksi senyawa aktif ginseng yang berpotensi sebagai agonis PPARγ dalam meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin pada penderita DM tipe 2. Penelitian dimulai dengan penapisan virtual 72 ligan menggunakan PyRx, analisis toksisitas dan bioavaibilitas, penambatan molekuler menggunakan Autodock Vina, dan visualisasi 2D menggunakan LigPlot+. Terdapat 7 ligan yang memiliki energi afinitas mendekati rosiglitazone dan asam linolenat yaitu ginsenoside Rb1, Rb3, Rc, Ra2, floralginsenoside B, ginsenoside Rd, dan floralginsenoside C. Ginsenoside Rb1 memiliki potensi agonis terbaik berdasarkan energi afinitas sebesar -7.70 kkal/mol, interaksi, dan sisi aktif pengikatan.
Keyword: diabetes, ginseng, penapisan virtual, PPARγ

Judul: Potential of Active Compounds from Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff Leaves against PPARγ to Increase Sensitivity of Insulin In Silico
Abstrak: Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) merupakan faktor transkripsi yang berperan dalam mengontrol sejumlah ekspresi gen terkait regulasi homeostasis glukosa dan sensitivitas insulin melalui mekanisme agonis parsial dan agonis penuh. Potensi senyawa aktif daun wungu dalam menurunkan glukosa darah belum termanfaatkan dengan baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan memprediksi potensi senyawa aktif daun wungu terhadap PPARγ dalam meningkatkan sensitivitas insulin secara agonis parsial dan agonis penuh melalui interaksi molekulernya. Teknik penambatan molekuler menggunakan Autodock Vina dan visualisasinya menggunakan LigPlot+ dan Pymol. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa senyawa γ-tokoferol memiliki potensi terbaik terhadap agonis parsial PPARγ berdasarkan energi bebas ikat sebesar -9,9 kkal/mol, interaksi, dan situs aktif pengikatan. Sementara itu, luteolin-7-glukosida memiliki potensi terbaik terhadap agonis penuh PPARγ berdasarkan energi bebas ikat sebesar -8,4 kkal/mol, interaksi, dan situs aktif pengikatan. Hasil penelitian ini, senyawa aktif daun wungu berpotensi agonis PPARγ, baik secara agonis parsial maupun agonis penuh., Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor gamma (PPARγ) is a transcription factors that controls the expression of a variety of genes involved in regulation of glucose homeostasis and insulin sensitivity through a partial agonist and a full agonist. The potential of active compounds in Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaves to reduce blood glucose has not been utilized properly. The aims of this research were to predict the potency of Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaves active compounds that act as PPARγ partial agonists and PPARγ full agonist to increase insulin sensitization, through molecular interactions. Molecular docking techniques using Autodock Vina and its visualization using LigPlot and Pymol. The results showed that the γ-tokoferol has the best potential against PPARγ partial agonists based on binding free energy -9,9 kcal/mol, interaction, and active binding site. Meanwhile, luteolin-7-glucosides has the best potential against PPARγ full agonists based on binding free energy -8,4 kcal/mol, interaction, and active binding site. The results of this study, the Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff leaves active compounds had the potential agonist PPARγ, both partially and fully agonists.
Keyword: Diabetes Mellitus, Graptophyllum pictum (L.) Griff, molecular docking, PPARγ

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: