Judul: Detoksifikasi Bungkil Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dan Evaluasinya Secara in vitro dan in vivo terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas L. seed cake is a byproduct of the extraction process jatropha seeds to obtain oil from Jatropha (Jatropha oil). Production of jatropha oil from jatropha seeds, produces cake about 65-70% of the treated seeds. Jatropha curcas L. seed cake has very high proteins that are 56.4-63.8%. The very high protein content causes Jatropha curcas L. seed cake has the potential to be used as animal feed. However, some toxic compounds, especially phorbol ester can disrupt the digestive process and cause of death for cattle in a short time. This research aimed to obtain the best detoxification method and to determine the effects of its use in mice (Mus musculus). This research was initiated by proximate analysis on Jatropha curcas seed cake before detoxified. Detoxification consist of two methods of transesterification which includes of three treatment (transesterification followed by washing with water, transesterification followed by washing with hexane, and transesterification followed by washing with methanol) and solvent extraction includes four treatments (extraction of hexane- extraction of methanol-heating at temperature 60-80°C, extraction of hexane- extraction of methanol-autoclave at 121°C for 30 min, soaking NaOH- autoclave at 121°C for 30 min, and control autoclaved at 121°C for 30 min). Jatropha curcas seed cake which had been detoxified, then analyzed the content of phorbol ester and in vitro in rumen fluid. Jatropha curcas seed cake which contains the lowest phorbol ester then be tested in mice. Before detoxification, the phorbol ester of jatropha seed cake was about 795.78 mg / g meal. The results showed that detoxification could reduce the phorbol ester. Transesterification with methanol produced the lowest phorbol ester until 0.00 mg / g meal. Jatropha curcas seed cake result of transesterification with methanol washing was added to the diets of mice at levels of 0%, 5%, 10%, 15% and 10% containing 2.5% zeolite. The measured parameters was weight gain, mortality, food intake and digestibility, Protein Eficiency Ratio (PER) and Food Transformation Index (FTI). The results showed that the substitution of results of Jatropha curcas seed cake detoxification throughed the process of transesterification with methanol leaching into the diets of mice significantly affected the level of consumption of food substances. The best treatment was indicated by the ration with R3 treatment (15%)
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Judul: Uji biologis bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) terdetoksifikasi menggunakan mencit (Mus musculus) sebagai hewan percobaan
Abstrak: Previous in vitro study showed that there was no limitation of Jatropha meal used as animal feedstuff. However, feeding animal with Jatropha meal produced 100% mortality. In vivo study of treated jatropha meal as an approval to the in vitro study in necessary. Bioassay to study the inclusion of 10% threated jatropha meal in mice ration had been conducted. Three origins of Indonesian jatropha (Kebumen = K, Lampung = L, and Lombok Timur = LT) were detoxified with 5 methods.
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Judul: Hubungan Ciri-Ciri Pribadi dan Perilaku Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1979 menetapkan Kepala Desa sebagai pejabat pemerintahan tertinggi didesa. Diantara Kepala Desa terdapat perbedaan-perbedaan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, karena berbedanya ciri - ciri pribadi yang mempengaruhi perilaku kepemimpinan Kepala Desa. Ciri - ciri pribadi adalah suatu ciri atau sifat seseorang yang bersumber dari unsur keturunan (hereditas) dan berkembang sesuai dengan keadaan lingkungannya. Perilaku kepemimpinan adalah tindak-tanduk seseorang dalam mengarahkan,membimbing dan mendorong orang lain agar bertingkah laku sesuai dengan yang dikehendakinya.
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