Judul: Potential Attack of Coffee Berry Borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) Based on Climatic Conditions in Tanggamus Regency
Abstrak: Kopi merupakan salah satu komoditas andalan dalam sektor perkebunan di Indonesia. Salah satu sentra kopi di Indonesia ada di Provinsi Lampung dengan kontribusi 17% dari produksi kopi nasional. Hama penggerek buah kopi (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) menjadi hama utama yang menyerang tanaman kopi di Indonesia yang menyebabkan penurunan hasil panen dan kualitas biji kopi. Kabupaten Tanggamus merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Lampung dengan produksi kopi sebesar 34.129 ton pada tahun 2020. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi serangan hama penggerek buah kopi (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) di Kabupaten Tanggamus berdasarkan nilai ecoclimatic index (EI) menggunakan model Climex dengan periode tahun 1989- 2018. Nilai EI di Kabupaten Tanggamus memiliki rentang nilai 71 sampai 97 yang menandakan hama BPKo sesuai dengan kondisi iklim di Kabupaten Tanggamus. Indeks stress (SI) menjadi faktor yang membatasi perkembangan hama penggerek buah kopi di Kabupaten Tanggamus pada tahun 1989, 1991, 1997, 2008, 2012 dan 2015. Dry stress (DS) terjadi tiga kali yaitu tahun 1991, 1997 dan 2015, kejadian dry stress (DS) tersebut dipicu karena adanya penurunan rata-rata curah hujan yang menyebabkan nilai soil moisture (SM) berada dibawah nilai ambang batas dry stress (SMDS). Selain itu, ketinggian tempat mempengaruhi nilai EI hama penggerek buah kopi di Kabupaten Tanggamus, semakin tinggi suatu tempat maka nilai EI akan semakin rendah., Coffee is one of the prime commodities in the plantation sector in Indonesia. One of the coffee growing hubs in Indonesia is Lampung with a 17% contribution to the national coffee production. The coffee berry borer (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) is the main pest that attacks coffee plants in Indonesia, which leads to a decrease in yield and quality of coffee beans. Tanggamus Regency is a one of the regency in Lampung Province with 34.129 tons of coffee production in 2020. This research aims to analyze the potential attack of coffee berry borer pests (Hypothenemus hampei Ferr.) in Tanggamus Regency based on the ecoclimatic index (EI) value using the Climex model with the period 1989-2018. The EI value in Tanggamus Regency has a value range from 71 to 97, which indicates that BPKo pests are compatible with the climatic conditions in Tanggamus Regency. The stress index (SI) is a factor that limits the development of coffee berry borer in Tanggamus Regency in 1989, 1991, 1997, 2008 and 2015. Dry stress (DS) occurred three times in 1991, 1997 and 2015, which was triggered by a decrease in average rainfall, causing the soil moisture (SM) value to be below the dry stress threshold value (SMDS). In addition, the altitude of the place affects the EI value of coffee berry borer pests in Tanggamus Regency, as the higher the place, its EI value will be lower.
Keyword: Climex, ecoclimatic index, altitude, pest compatibility

Judul: Potensi Sebaran Hama Penggerek Batang dan Penyakit Busuk Pangkal Batang Lada di Kabupaten Lampung Utara
Abstrak: Lada adalah salah satu komoditas ekspor Indonesia di bidang perkebunan mengalami penurunan hasil yang salah satunya dapat disebabkan oleh faktor serangan hama dan penyakit. Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan hama dan penyakit salah satunya dapat dipengaruhi iklim suatu daerah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis potensi sebaran hama penggerek batang (Lophobaris piperis) dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada (Phytophthora capsici) berdasarkan nilai Ecoclimatic Index (EI), serta mengetahui potensi kerugian akibat hama penggerek batang (Lophobaris piperis) dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada (Phytophthora capsici) di Kabupaten Lampung Utara. Ecoclimatic Index (EI) merupakan luaran Model Climex berdasarkan karakteristik fisik spesies dan faktor iklim Kabupaten Lampung Utara pada tahun 2009-2018. Nilai EI hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada tergolong sesuai hingga sangat sesuai. Potensi sebaran tertinggi hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada berlokasi di Kecamatan Sungkai Jaya. Potensi sebaran terendah hama penggerek batang berlokasi di Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada berlokasi di Kecamatan Kotabumi Selatan dan Abung Tinggi. Secara umum, potensi sebaran bulanan hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada memiliki pola yang sama, dimana pola fluktuasi bulanan tinggi pada musim hujan. Potensi kerugian hasil lada berbanding lurus dengan luas serangan hama penggerek batang dan penyakit busuk pangkal batang lada. Serangan yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan kerugian hasil yang tinggi., Pepper is one of Indonesia's agricultural export commodities, which has been experiencing a decrease in yield, partly due to factors such as pest and disease attacks. The growth and development of pests and diseases can be influenced by the climate of an area. This study aims to analyse the potential distribution of pepper stem borer pest (Lophobaris piperis) and pepper stem base rot disease (Phytophthora capsici) based on the Ecoclimatic Index (EI) value, and determine the potential losses due to pepper stem borer pest (Lophobaris piperis) and pepper stem base rot disease (Phytophthora capsici) in North Lampung Regency. Ecoclimatic Index (EI) is the output of the Climex Model based on the physical characteristics of species and climatic factors of North Lampung Regency in 2009-2018. The EI values of pepper stem borer pests and pepper stem base rot disease are classified as suitable to highly suitable. The highest potential distribution of pepper stem borer pests and pepper stem base rot disease is located in Sungkai Jaya sub-district. The lowest potential distribution of pepper stem borer pests is located in Kotabumi Selatan sub-district and pepper stem base rot disease is located in Kotabumi Selatan and Abung Tinggi sub-districts. In general, the potential monthly distribution of stem borer pests and pepper stem base rot disease has the same pattern, where the monthly fluctuation pattern is high in the rainy season. The potential yield loss of pepper is directly proportional to the extent of pepper stem borer infestation and pepper stem base rot disease. High infestation can lead to high yield losses.
Keyword: Black Pepper, Climex, Ecoclimatic Index, Lophobaris Piperis, Phytophthora Capsici

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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