Judul: Potensi nanopropolis lebah madu trigona spp asal pandeglang sebagai antibakteri
Abstrak: Propolis is one of the natural produced by honey bee which have many benefits, due to its properties as antibacterial, antivirus, and anticancer. Use the form nanopropolis expected to provide a better antibacterial activity compared to the usual form of propolis. The aim of this study is to determine potency of nanopropolis honey bee from Pandeglang as antibacterial agent. Encapsulated nanopropolis was prepared by high speed homogenization technique and solvent evaporation. The size of nanopropolis was measured with SEM. The antibacterial activity test was performed by agar well diffusion. The result of SEM show that size of nanopropolis is 175-873 nm. Nanopropolis have activity as antibacterial agent for Gram positive dan Gram negative bacteria. The nanopropolis showed higher bacterial activity than extract propolis were 208.86% for B. subtilis, 211.83% for S. aureus, 227.01% for E. coli, and 230.29% for Salmonella sp. While compared to amphicillin 10 mg/ml equel to 43.87%, 49.12%, 42.35%, and 37.58%. Minimum Inhibitory Concentrartion (MIC) of nanopropolis were 0.15%, 0.075%, 0.15%, and 0.313% for B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli, and Salmonella sp.
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Judul: Ekstraksi propolis dan sintesis nanopropolis lebah madu Trigono spp
Abstrak: Propolis merupakan bahan perekat dari resin yang dikumpulkan lebah pekerja dari kuncup, kulit kayu, dan bagian tumbuhan lainnya. Propolis kaya akan manfaat, diantaranya sebagai antibakteri, antivirus, dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari metode ekstraksi dan sintesis nanopropolis yang akan menghasilkan efektivitas tinggi serta mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan mengetahui nilai optimasi nanopropolis sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri E. coli. Propolis diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan modifikasi MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). Selanjutnya pembuatan nanopropolis menggunakan metode Aimi yang dimodifikasi dengan teknik homogenisasi kecepatan tinggi, harapannya nanopropolis dapat lebih efektif dibandingkan propolis sebagai antibakteri. Rendemen ekstrak propolis yang diperoleh sebesar 10.93%. Nilai PSA (particle size analyzer) dari nanopropolis memiliki sebaran 176.30 nm, 205.10 nm, dan 295.80 nm. Hasil pengujian antibakteri nanopropolis dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap E. coli, menunjukkan nanopropolis tidak bersifat antibakteri terhadap E. coli, karena tidak menghasilkan zona bening diarea kertas cakram. Hasil dari ampisilin menunjukkan hal yang sama, yaitu tidak bersifat antibakteri terhadap E. coli.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Antibacterial, Nanopropolis, Propolis

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite