Judul: Pengembangan Model Codebook untuk Identifikasi Chord Gitar
Abstrak: Acoustic guitar can produce sound waves with different types of tones. High-low tone is determined by the fundamental frequency of the sound wave. Human sense of hearing can distinguish high-and low tones, but can not know for sure what kind of tone is heard by him. This study developed a guitar chord recognition system. This study uses MFCC as feature extraction methods and the codebook as pattern recognition method for identification of the guitar chord. Cluster technique used in this study is the K-means clustering. Data obtained from MFCC are clustered using the K-Means method, and the model for classification is constructed using the codebook method. The parameters used in MFCC is the number of cepstral coefficients, overlap, and the time frame, while an important parameter in the K-Means is the number of clusters. This study uses 8640 guitar chord sounds from 24 classes. Each of the data is made up of two chords which will be tested. Simulation results show that the maximum accuracy obtained is 98.89% obtained on 26 cepstral coefficients, overlap 0.4, time frame is 30 ms, on 100 clusters.
Keyword: chord, codebook, k-means, mel frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC)

Judul: Pengenalan Chord pada Alat Musik Gitar Menggunakan Codebook dengan Teknik Ekstraksi Ciri MFCC
Abstrak: Human auditory system is capable of extracting rich and meaningful data from complex audio signal. To recognize chord sequences that played in some kind of music is not an easy task. People need big effort to train their sense of hearing so they can recognize that kind sound of chords. This condition is also valid in a computer system. Finding the key and labeling the chords automatically from music are great use for those who want to do harmonic analysis of music. Hence automatic chord recognition has been a topic of interest in the context of Music Information Retrieval (MIR) for several years, and attempts have been made in implementing such systems using well understood signal processing and pattern recognition techniques. This research is about to recognize the sound of chord that played and recorded by guitar instrument. There are 24 major-minor chords that used in this research. MFCC is used as feature extraction and the number of coefficient cepstral that used are 13 and 26. Each chord signal that has been extracted then clustered using K-means algorithm with 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, 32 k numbers to create codebook that use as a model of each chord. For the recognition process, there are two methods that used in this research, unstructured recognition and structured recognition. For the result, this research produces two kinds model of codebook that are codebook with 13 coefficients and codebook with 26 coefficients. Both types of codebook show a good result with accuracy level above 88%. The best result yielded from usage of 26 coefficient cepstral with structured recognition. It’s accuracy level reach 97%. Hence the usage of 26 coefficient cepstral is better than the usage of 13 coefficient cepstral with difference of accuration level is about 7%. This research also shows the affectation of the numbers k-means that used. An increasing accuration level shown by increasing the amount of k-cluster.
Keyword: 

Judul: Strategi Mengatasi Dampak Behan Lebih Angkutan Darat terhadap Perekonomian Provinsi Riau
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak dampak beban lebih angkutan darat terhadap umur rencana operasional jalan dan panjang jalan yang telah rusak sebelum masa umur rencana habis di sepanjang jalan lintas timur Sumatera yang melalui Provinsi Riau, peranan sektor angkutan darat dalam perekonomian Provinsi Riau, dan menganalisis dampak beban lebih angkutan darat terhadap perekonomian Provinsi Riau. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua pendekatan, yakni analisis dampak beban lebih ( dengan indikator muatan sumber terberat, damage faktor dan pranata hukum) dan dan analisis pengganda. Hasil analisis dampak beban lebih menunjukkan bahwa beban lebih angkutan darat berdampak negatif terhadap umur rencana operasional jalan dan memperpanjang tingkat kerusakan jalan di sepanjang Lintas Timur Sumatera di Provinsi Riau. Persoalan kerusakan jalan di sepanjang jalan Lintas Timur Sumatera di Provinsi Riau belum dapat diatasi karena lemahnya penegakan hukum, sehingga kerusakan ruas jalan di wilayah ini cenderung semakin parah. Hasil analisis pengganda menunjukkan bahwa sektor angkutan darat berperan penting dalam pembangunan ekonomi Provinsi Riau dtlihat dari besarnya nilai pengganda output dan nilai pengganda pendapatan, tetapi perannya relatif kecil terhadap penyediaan kesempatan kerja Sektor angkutan darat merupakan sektor kunci dilihat dari nilai keterkaitan dan penyebaran output ke belakang dan ke depan, serta nilai keterkaitan dan penyebaran pendapatan ke depan. Behan lebih angkutan darat berdampak negatif terhadap terhadap perekonomian secara sektoral maupun regional di Provinsi Riau. Sektor yang menerima dampak negatif cukup besar adalah sektor angkutan darat dan sektor industri pengolahan. Oleh karenanya perlu dilakukan tindakan penegakan hukum yang lebih baik dan ketat, sehingga dapat mengoptimalkan pelayanan, mengurangi kerusakan dan menahan lajunya penurunan umur pelayanan jalan, khususnya pada ruas jalan Lintas Timur Sumatera yang melalui wilayah Provinsi Riau.
Keyword: beban lebih, angkutan darat, multiplier, dampak