Judul: Overview of Potential Amyloidopathy in Renal Mice (Mus musculus) After Injected by Amyloid Beta 40 and 42
Abstrak: Penyakit alzheimer merupakan gangguan neurodegeneratif yang ditandai dengan penurunan fungsi serta kerusakan pada jaringan otak secara permanen. Penyakit alzheimer akan bertambah kronis seiring berjalannya waktu dan hingga saat ini belum ditemukan obat yang dapat menyembuhkan penyakit ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan yang terjadi pada organ ginjal mencit secara histopatologi setelah disuntikan dengan antigen Aβ 40 dan Aβ 42 sebagai marka dari penyakit neurogeneratif tipe Alzheimer. Sepuluh ekor mencit Balb/c (kontrol n=2, Aβ40 n=4, Aβ42 n=4) berumur 6 minggu digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Mencit dinekropsi kemudian diambil organ ginjalnya untuk dijadikan preparat histopatologi dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin. Variabel yang diamati berupa adanya perubahan pada sel-sel ginjal dan data dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil pengamatan terhadap perubahan patologi terhadap sel-sel organ ginjal mencit memperlihatkan adanya lesi berupa pelebaran ruang bowman dan degenerasi hidropis pada tubulusnya. Penyuntikkan protein Aβ 40 dan 42 menyebabkan kerusakan pada sel-sel tubulus ginjal mencit.
Keyword: Alzheimer’s disease, Amyloid-Beta 40, Amyloid Beta 42, Renal Histopathology

Judul: Imaging of Amyloidopathy on Mice Liver After Immumnization of Amiloid Beta 40 and 42
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif kronis yang belum ditemukan obatnya, namun diagnosa dini penyakit ini dapat dilakukan menggunakan teknik ELISA dengan mendeteksi keberadaan amiloid sebagai marka dari penyakit Alzheimer. Imunisasi amiloid beta (Aβ) 40 dan 42 akan menginduksi pembentukan anti-amiloid dan kedua bahan tersebut juga akan dimetabolisme di hati sehingga bisa menyebabkan perubahan pada organ hati. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perubahan yang terjadi pada organ hati mencit pasca imunisasi Aβ40 dan Aβ42. Sebanyak 10 ekor mencit digunakan dalam penelitian ini dan dikelompokan dalam 3 kelompok yaitu kontrol (2 ekor), kelompok yang diimunisasi Aβ40 dan Aβ42 (masing-masing 4 ekor). Mencit diimunisasi antigen Aβ40 dan Aβ42 pada hari ke-0, 7, 14, dan 21, pada hari ke-24 mencit dieutanasia dan diambil organ hatinya. Pengamatan dilakukan pada sediaan histologi organ hati dengan pewarnaan Hematoksilin Eosin, kemudian temuan lesio diamati secara semikuantitatif. Perubahan lesio degenerasi sel hepatosit terjadi pada mencit yang diberi amiloid beta 40 maupun 42, namun tidak terdapat perbedaan perubahan lesio sel nekrosis dan infiltrasi sel radang pada jaringan antara mencit yang diimunisasi dengan mencit kontrol., Alzheimer's disease is a chronic neurodegenerative disease for which no cure has been found, but early diagnosis of this disease can be done using the ELISA technique by detecting the presence of amyloid as a sign of Alzheimer's disease. Immunization of amyloid beta(Aβ) 40 and 42 will induce the formation of anti-amyloid and both substances will also be metabolized by the liver so that it can cause changes in the liver. The study aims to find out the description of histopathological changes in the liver of mice after Aβ40 and Aβ42 immunization. Ten mice were divided into three groups i.e control (non- immunized mice), Aβ40 and Aβ42. The immunized groups were injected by amyloid-beta 40 and amyloid beta 42 respectively at day 0, 7, 14 and 21. At day 24 all mice were sacrificed and the liver was collected. The observation was done with Hematoxylin Eosin staining and the lesion was analyzed by semiquantitative methods. The histopathological changes found in the form of hepatocyte cell degeneration in the Aβ40 group were more severe than the Aβ42 and control groups. However, there was no difference in the conditions of necrosis and inflammatory cell infiltration in the immunized and control groups. This result indicated that immunization of Aβ40 and Aβ42 did not cause histopathologic changes in the liver.
Keyword: amiloid beta 40 dan 42, hati, imunisasi, mencit, penyakit alzheimer, Alzheimer, amyloid-beta 40 and 42, immunization, mice, liver

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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