Judul: Lean Warehouse Analysis of Imported Products Inbound Process at PT X
Abstrak: The increased demand for frozen food in PT X makes warehousing activity must be improved to meet customer satisfaction. One of the warehousing activities is inbound, which there are often delays and taking too long. The problem faced by PT X is there is no standard time for unloading and preparing inbound required for each type of product received. This research objective is determining the standard time, identifying waste in the inbound process, and identifying the types of waste and providing recommendations for improvement at PT X. Lean warehouse concept aims to eliminate waste, increase productivity and efficiency, and improve the performance in inbound using value stream mapping method. The identified waste is waiting, defect, movement, needless transportation, overproduction, and over-processing. Based on the proposed future state map analysis, the lead time for the inbound process can be reduced from 3294.69 s (54 min) to 2322.69 s (38.71 min). The result showed an efficiency improvement of the inbound process, which initially 38.70%, increased to 55.01%.
Keyword: lean, warehouse, inbound, import

Judul: Design of Lead Time Management in Cheese Product Outbound Process at PT XYZ
Abstrak: PT XYZ merupakan perusahaan distributor makanan, minuman, dan bahan baku yang salah satunya mendistribusikan produk keju ke retailer PT PQR. Sebagai distributor, PT XYZ perlu memerhatikan pemborosan yang mempengaruhi lead time selama proses outbound produk keju. Lead time yang terlalu panjang perlu diminimalkan agar produk dapat dikirim tepat waktu ke pelanggan, sehingga perusahaan perlu melakukan manajemen lead time untuk mencegah keterlambatan pengiriman. Manajemen lead time dilakukan dengan lean distribution yang berasal dari lean management untuk diadaptasi ke proses outbound. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode value stream mapping (VSM). Pemetaan ke dalam VSM menghasilkan current state map dengan total waktu proses outbound sekitar 16,6 jam. Analisis dilanjutkan dengan process activity mapping yang menghasilkan temuan delapan aktivitas pemborosan pada proses outbound. Analisis dengan fishbone diagram menghasilkan akar permasalahan dari setiap aktivitas pemborosan. Solusi perbaikan untuk mengeliminasi pemborosan dirancang berdasarkan prinsip lean 5S yaitu seiri (ringkas), seiton (rapi), seiso (resik), seiketsu (rawat), dan shitsuke (rajin). Setelah dilakukan rancangan perbaikan, dihasilkan future state map dengan total waktu proses outbound sekitar 15,2 jam. Perancangan tersebut menurunkan persentase pemborosan atau aktivitas non value added dalam proses outbound dari 11% menjadi 2,4%., PT XYZ is a company engaged in the distribution of food, beverages, and raw materials, one of which involves distributing cheese products to the retailer PT PQR. As a distributor, PT XYZ needs to pay attention to wastage that affects the lead time during the outbound process of cheese products. The excessively long lead time needs to be minimized so that products can be delivered to customers on time, necessitating lead time management to prevent delivery delays. Lead time management is conducted through lean distribution principles derived from lean management, adapted to the outbound process. The analysis is carried out using the value stream mapping (VSM) method. Mapping into VSM results in a current state map with a total outbound process time of approximately 16.6 hours. The analysis is further continued with process activity mapping, resulting in the identification of eight wasteful activities in the outbound process. Analysis using a fishbone diagram reveals the root causes of each wasteful activity. The improvement solution to eliminate wastage is designed based on the lean 5S principles: seiri (sort), seiton (set in order), seiso (shine), seiketsu (standardize), and shitsuke (sustain). After the improvement plan is implemented, a future state map is generated with a total outbound process time of around 15.2 hours. This design reduces the percentage of wastage or non-value-added activities in the outbound process from 11% to 2.4%.
Keyword: lead time management, lean distribution, outbound process, value stream mapping, 5S lean principles

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell