Judul: Keterandalan dan Intensitas Keruskan Konstruksi Bangunan Gedung Permukiman Di Jakarta Selatan
Abstrak: Jumlah penduduk berkaitan erat dengan peruntukan lahan bagi bangunan pemukiman. Proses kerusakan bangunan salah satunya disebabkan oleh faktor manusia. Manusia perlu pengetahuan tentang kondisi bangunan, faktor-faktor perusaknya dan cara perawatan sedini mungkin sehingga masa pakai bangunan bisa menjadi lebih lama. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keterandalan dan intensitas kerusakan bangunan gedung permukiman di Jakarta Selatan. Penentuan bangunan rumah contoh dilakukan dengan teknik pengambilan contoh acak dengan empat tahap. Pada masing-masing rumah dilakukan pengamatan terhadap ada atau tidaknya kerusakan pada komponen bangunan rumah serta dilakukan wawancara dengan masing-masing penghuni rumah untuk menghimpun informasi umur bangunan, pemeliharaan dan perawatan bangunan yang kemudian dicatat pada kuesioner. Data yang diperoleh, kemudian dihitung keterandalan gedung dan intensitas kerusakan bangunan gedung. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa keterandalan bangunan gedung permukiman di empat perumahan di Jakarta Selatan sebagian besar berkategori sedang. Sementara itu intensitas kerusakannya berkisar antara 34.65%sampai dengan 44.8%.
Keyword: Construction, Demage intensity, Structure, Model houses, Building could, Intensity, Serangan rayap, Kayu lapuk

Judul: Kerugian ekonomi akibat serangan rayap pada bangunan perumahan di dua wilayah DKI Jakarta (Kotamadya Jakarta Barat dan Jakarta Timur)
Abstrak: Perusakan bangunan rumah oleh rayap dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan tempat hidupnya. Peranannya bervariasi untuk masing-masing tempat. Daerah-daerah tertentu misalnya dekat sungai, banyak pepohonan, kelembaban, dan curah hujan yang cukup cenderung tinggi tingkat serangan rayapnya. Daerah Kecamatan Keramat Jati dan Ciracas merupakan daerah yang kerugian ekonominya cukup tinggi, yaitu sebesar Rp. 5.496.490 dan Rp. 4.193.353, disusul daerah Palmerah, Kembangan, Kebun Jeruk dengan kerugian sebesar Rp. 4.895.392, Rp. 4.735.653, dan Rp. 4.732.646. Kerugian yang terkecil terdapat pada daerah Kecamatan Cipayung yaitu sebesar Rp. 4.255.909. Penelitian juga mengungkapkan bahwa adanya hubungan antara umur bangunan rumah dengan tingkat serangan rayap dan besarnya kerugian ekonomi akibat serangan rayap. Tingkat serangan rayap dan kerugian ekonomi berbanding lurus dengan kelas umur bangunan rumah, semakin besar umur bangunan tingkat serangan rayap dan kerugian ekonomi akan semakin besar. Daerah Kecamatan Keramat Jati, Ciracas dan Palmerah perlu mendapat perhatian yang serius, mengingat daerah tersebut mempunyai kerugian ekonomi yang cukup tinggi akibat serangan rayap. Diharapkan para pengambil kebijaksanaan dalam merancang desain bangunan perumahan dapat memperhatikan proteksi bangunan terhadap bahaya rayap.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable