Judul: Penyusunan Desain Wisata Minat Khusus Berdasarkan Pola Pergerakan Badak Jawa di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: The purpose of this study is to develop a design special interest tourism (SIT) based on the pattern of movement, characteristic of activity sites and behavior patterns of the javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desm, 1822) in Ujung Kulon National Park. Data collection was conducted from January until May 2012 in Citadahan, Cibandawoh, Cigenter and Nyawaan of Ujung Kulon Peninsula. Data on movement pattern was collected according to trajectory scheme. Activ sites was compiled from sample plot, while behavioral pattern was captured and identified from video trap data in 2011 and compiled into an ethogram. SIT aspect was acquaired by interview and quitionnare. Minimum outer convex polygon was used for home range calculation, and analysis binomial regression was used to determined characteristic of rhino activity sites while descriptive analysis was used to determined behavioral pattern and SIT design. Javan rhino movement patterns tend to use the same track regularly and create a polygonal pattern. Movement is influence by sex, age and availibity of ideal habitat. Male javan rhino has a larger home range than female, and home range of an independent female rhino is larger than females with calf. Characteristic of rhino activity sites are different between feeding, dung, wallowing and resting places. This research found that the javan rhino active mostly during the night, while wallowing is mainly during the day. Recomendation for SIT design base on javan rhino movement pattern are : a) observation bathing activities of javan rhino on the beach by camping, b) observation bathing activities in the river by canoeing, c) observation wallowing and/or bathing activities by using rangoon
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Judul: Sebaran spasial dan model kesesuaian habitat badak jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Javan rhino (Rhinoceros sondaicus Desmarest, 1822) is the most critically endangered species (IUCN 2008). Currently, javan rhino distribution is limited to Ujung Kulon National Park (UKNP), Indonesia. Natural disasters, disease, poaching, encroachment and competition are threats to javan rhino population, hence it is necessary to establish pockets of habitats outside the UKNP which should be based on a study of the spatial distribution and habitat selection by the javan rhino in UKNP as actual habitat. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to develop a habitat suitability models based on the utilization distribution by javan rhino in UKNP. The specific objectives are: 1) to determine the utilization distribution and habitat selection index by javan rhino in UKNP, 2) to identify dominant habitat components that determine the presence of javan rhinoceros in UKNP, and 3) to build a habitat suitability model for javan rhino. The study was carried out in Management Section II area of UKNP, Pandeglang District, Banten Province. The results showed that javan rhinos were mostly occupied areas comprised of swampy shrub (w = 2.197) and shrub (w = 2.012), relatively open habitat (w = 4.233), flat slope (w = 1.313) and sloping areas (w = 1.007), lowland (w = 1.346), close to river (w = 1.087), close to road network (w = 1.395), close to coastal beaches (w = 1.862), close to wallowing areas (w = 3.709) and close to rumpang (open area) (w = 3.783). These indicated that javan rhino selected and had preferences for its habitat. The other results found that there were eight components identified to be the crucial for javan rhino habitat and appropriate for spatial modeling of habitat suitability, i.e. distance from the road, distance from the wallow, distance from the river, distance from the beach, distance from the rumpang (open area), slope, elevation and leaf area index. Dominant factor influencing the frequency of the javan rhino are slope, distance from the rumpang, distance from the wallow and distance from the beach (P<0,005; R2 81,4%). Spatial model of habitat suitability result 11% patches of low suitability, 23,7% patches of moderate suitability and 65,2% patches of high suitability. The validity of the model was 88,6%.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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