Judul: The Influence of Parent-Adolescents  Communication and Peer Conformity to Juvenile Delinquency in High School  Adolescents
Abstrak: Fase remaja merupakan periode transisi yang memungkinkan timbulnya krisis, ditandai dengan kecenderungan munculnya perilaku menyimpang pada anak remaja. Lingkungan yang kurang baik dapat menjadi pemicu timbulnya berbagai kenakalan remaja. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menganalisis pengaruh komunikasi orangtua remaja dan konformitas teman sebaya terhadap kenakalan remaja. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian explanatory. Penelitian dilakukan di SMA Y Kota Bogor dan melibatkan 174 remaja dengan usia 16-18 tahun yang dipilih menggunakan metode purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kenakalan remaja berhubungan dan berpengaruh negatif signifikan dengan komunikasi orangtua-remaja namun, berhubungan dan berpengaruh positif signifikan dengan konformitas teman sebaya. Berdasarkan penelitian ini, komunikasi orangtua dengan remaja yang rendah dan konformitas teman sebaya yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan kenakalan remaja., The adolescent phase is a transitional period that allows a crisis to arise, marked by the tendency of deviant behavior in adolescents. An unfavorable environment can trigger various juvenile delinquencies. The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of parent-adolescent communication and peer conformity on juvenile delinquency. This study used an explanatory design. The study was conducted at SMA Y Bogor City and involved 174 adolescents aged 16-18 years who were selected using purposive sampling method. The results showed that juvenile delinquency is related and has a significant negative effect with parent-teen communication. However, juvenile delinquency was related and has a significant positive effect with peer conformity. Based on this research, low parent-adolescent communication and high peer conformity can increase juvenile delinquency
Keyword: uvenile delinquency, parent-adolescent communication, peer conformity.

Judul: Pengaruh Interaksi Orangtua-Anak dan Pengambilan Keputusan Keluarga Terhadap Kenakalan Remaja
Abstrak: Fase remaja merupakan periode kritis dalam perkembangan anak menuju ke dewasaan. Mereka membutuhkan lingkungan yang kondusif untuk proses penemuan jati dirinya baik dari keluarga ataupun lingkungan hidup yang mendukungnya. Kenakalan minor dan mayor yang kerap dilakukan oleh remaja. Fenomena ini cukup memprihatinkan dikalangan generasi muda sebagai penerus bangsa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi orangtua dengan anak dan pengambilan Keputusan keluarga terhadap kenakalan remaja. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan Grosssectional study. Lokasi penelitian dipilih secara purposive dengan melibatkan SMK di Kota Bogor dan melibatkan 52 responden. Responden merupakan siswa kelas XI, dikarenakan pada masa tersebut responden berada pada usia remaja yang sedang rentan mencari jati dirinya. Tingkat interaksi orangtua-anak dalam kategori rendah. Pengambilan Keputusan dilakukan oleh dominan ibu. Kenakalan remaja tergolong pada kategori Endah. Terdapat hubungan positif antara interaksi ibu dengan anak dan interaksi ayah dengan anak. Adanya hubungan negatif antara interaksi ayah dengan anak terhadap kenakalan remaja. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kenakalan remaja adalah adanya pengaruh Hegatif interaksi ayah dengan anak….
Keyword: Parent-Child Interaction, Juvenile Delinquency, Decision-making Family, Human ecology, Cross sectional study, Adolescent phase, Child development, Child interaction

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable