Judul: Penentuan Waktu Tanam Padi pada Kondisi Curah Hujan Tahun El Nino dan La Nina di Kabupaten Indramayu.
Abstrak: Kabupaten Indramayu memiliki pola curah hujan monsunal di mana musim hujan terjadi pada akhir dan awal tahun dan musim kering terjadi pada pertengahan tahun. Fenomena El Nino dan La Nina yang semakin sering terjadi menyebabkan perubahan pola curah hujan dan waktu tanam. Akibatnya adalah petani sering mengalami gagal panen akibat kurangnya informasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan membantu petani dalam menentukan waktu tanam padi pada kondisi curah hujan tahun El Nino dan La Nina. Penentuan waktu tanam dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode neraca air lahan yang dilengkapi dengan nilai kebutuhan air untuk tanaman. Perhitungan neraca air dilakukan dengan interval sepuluh harian (dasarian) yang dianggap efektif untuk kegiatan pertanian. Wilayah yang dipilih adalah Desa Gabuswetan Kecamatan Gabuswetan dan Desa Benda Kecamatan Karangampel. Hasil analisis menggambarkan bahwa, di Kecamatan Gabuswetan waktu tanam pada tahun Normal dan La Nina dilakukan pada bulan OKT-III s/d FEB-I dan tanam kedua pada bulan FEB-III s/d JUN-I. Pada tahun El Nino waktu tanam pertama dilakukan pada bulan NOV-III s/d MAR-I dan tanam kedua pada bulan MAR-III s/d JUL-I. Di Kecamatan Karangampel waktu tanam padi pada tahun Normal dilakukan pada bulan DES-I s/d MAR-II dan waktu tanam kedua pada bulan APR-I s/d JUL-II. Pada tahun El Nino hanya sekali tanam, yaitu pada bulan DES-III s/d APR-I. Pada tahun La Nina waktu tanam pada bulan OKT-III s/d FEB-I dan waktu tanam kedua pada bulan FEB-III s/d JUN-II.
Keyword: Pola curah hujan, neraca air lahan, waktu tanam

Judul: Analisis Potensi Waktu Tanam Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan pada Wilayah Tidak Terkena dan Terkena Dampak ENSO dan IOD di Sentra Produksi Padi Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus : Kabupaten Indramayu dan Cianjur).
Abstrak: Timing of planting is part of the strategy of food cultivation. Increased fluctuations, the frequency and intensity of climate anomalies in the last decade caused by ENSO and IOD phenomena can have serious repercussions on food crops because of the early rainy season and dry season was delayed. Indramayu is one of the rice-producing centers in West Java, most of the area influenced by both ENSO and IOD. So in that area have an early shift planting time, while other rice-producing centers such as Cianjur mostly unaffected area either by ENSO and IOD. To determine the potential of planting time required analysis of water resource potential of integrating the components of climate, soil, and plants into a system. The study aims to determine the potential of good rice-planting time in the El-Nino, a positive IOD years or normal years and knowing the potential difference when planted in areas affected and not affected by ENSO and IOD. Planting time is determined based on an index of adequacy of water more than 0.8 and the potential loss of less than 20%. This two value is determined at the critical phase of the rice plant at flowering stage and grain filling. With the stipulation that the best planting time scenario obtained when the critical phase of plant have no water deficit, so that water sufficiency index values of more than 80% and the potential loss of less than 20%. The results showed that in normal conditions in the area of Krangkeng Indramayu, potential planting time can be done in the month from October to December. But in the year of El Nino events, rice planting can only be done in December. While the positive IOD events, planting can be done in mid-November until the end of January. For Ciranjang Cianjur district, in the normal years planting can be done in mid-September until the end of February. While the conditions of El Nino and IOD does not shift the start time of planting. During strong El Nino occurred simultaneously with the positive IOD in rainfed land, the rice can not be planted in Krangkeng. Different conditions occur in areas Ciranjang, the potential planting time can be done almost the same as planting time when normal conditions.
Keyword: 

Judul: Peptides Hydrolysate Derived from Collagen of Snakehead Murrel (Channa striata) Skin Demonstrate Anti-oxidant and Anti-cholesterol Activities.
Abstrak: Anti-cholesterol and anti-oxidant play crucial role to combat cardiovascular disease (CVD) related to formation of arterial plagues from oxidation of cholesterol. In the past decades, research on bioactive peptides demonstrating anti-cholesterol and anti-oxidant activities have been reported as the alternative drugs. In this study, acid soluble collagen was extracted from the skin of snakehead murrel and employed to induce production of collagenase by Bacillus licheniformis F11.4. The collagenases secreted were in turn purified through AKTA Purifier (ion exchange, DEAE column) and used to produce peptides hydrolysate. The purified enzymes were grouped in two distinct collagenase fractions, designated as fraction D and F. Peptides hydrolysate produced by the fraction D was found to demonstrate HMG-CoA inhibitor activity comparable to pravastatin and limited anti-oxidant activity. Meanwhile, peptides hydrolysate generated using the fraction F demonstrated anti-oxidant activity comparable to BHT (2mM), vitamin C (2mM) and vitamin E (2mM), but limited HMG-CoA activity. Combination of the fraction D and F resulted in substantial HMG-CoA inhibition and anti-oxidant activities.
Keyword: Anti-cholesterol, anti-oxidant, bioactive peptide, collagen, collagenase, snakehead murrel