Judul: Pengukuran energi metabolis beberapa ransum dengan bahan pakan nabati berbeda melalui teknik pemberian pakan tanpa dan secara paksa pada broiler
Abstrak: The experiment was conducted to measure metabolizable energy of diets containing palm kernel meal, the extraction of palm kernel meal (BIS PRO), soybean meal and castor cake in broiler using free feeding and force feeding techniques. The experiment was conducted in Completely Randomized Design using 25 broilers Ross strain for free feeding technique, and 20 broilers for force feeding technique. The treatment diets were : R1 (90% basal diet + 10% palm kernel meal), R2 (90% basal diet + 10% BIS PRO), R3(90% basal diet + 10% soy bean meal), and R4(90% basal diet + 10 castor cake).
Keyword: 

Judul: Energi Metabolis Ransum Mengandung Bungkil Inti Sawit dengan dan tanpa Penyaringan pada Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Metabolizable energy of ration containing Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) with and without screening were evaluated in broilers. 20 broilers (5 weeks of age) were assigned randomly to 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P1= Diet containing 7.5% PKC without screening, P2= Diet containing 7.5% PKC with screening of PKC, P3= Diet containing 7.5% PKC screening+shell of PKC, P4= Diet containing 7.5% PKC screening+commercial grit. Parameters measured were energy retention, nitrogen retention and metabolizable energy (Apparent Metabolizable Energy, True Metabolizable Energy). The result showed that metabolizable energy of ration containing PKC with and without screening were not significant and were lower compared with metabolizable energy of commercial diet. It is concluded that screening of PKC using 0.589 mm mash was not effective to improve metabolizable energy of ration containing 7.5% PKC in broiler.
Keyword: palm kernel cake, metabolizable energy, broiler

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite