Judul: Efek Perbedaan Teknik Pengeringan  terhadap Kualitas, Fermentabilitas, dan Kecernaan Hay Daun Rami  (Boehmeria nivea L Gaud)
Abstrak: Ramie leaves as by product of ramie fiber plantation, have great potentials as animal feedstuff. However, their utilizations are limited due to their periodical availability. There is a need of ramie leaves preservation so that the leaves can be used in animal daily ration. Drying leaves under open sunlight is the cheapest preservation method. However, frequently rainfall interfered in tropical rainforest like Indonesia causes mold contamination on the material. Therefore, alternative drying techniques need to be studied. Ramie leaves from Koppontren Darussalam Garut were used to evaluate the effect of different drying techniques on dried ramie leave nutrition composition, fermentability and digestibility. The drying technique used are open sun drying at 7 (KM-7), 14 (KM-14) and 21 (KM-21) hours of light intensity, green house drying at 7 (RK-7), 14 (RK-14) and 21 (RK-21) hours of light intensity, and oven heat at 50o C (Ov-50), 60o C (Ov-60) and 70o C (Ov-70). The proximate composition had been determined according to AOAC (1999). NDF and ADF had been determined according to van Soest (1991). The concentration VFA and NH3 were measured according to General Laboratory Procedures (1966), while gas production were measured according to Menke et al (1979). Tilley and Terry (1963) method were used to determine dry matter and organic matter digestibility. Drying in green house at 14 h and open sun drying at 21 h sun light intensities reduced moisture content to storage safety level (DM>86%). Drying in oven in all temperature produced hay with moisture content <14% (DM>86%). Ov-50 resulted higher ramie leaves CP content than RK-14, RK-21, or KM-21. Organic matter digestibilities estimated from gas production of Ov’s techniques were lower than RK’ or KM’s. At least 14 hours of light intensities were needed to produce dried ramie leaves with moisture content less than 14% or DM > 86% on green house and 21 hours if oven sun drying technique will be applied. Drying ramie leaves at lower temperature (50o C) were sufficient.
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Judul: Penggunaan berbagai absorban dan sumber karbohidrat terlarut air untuk meningkatkan kualitas silase daun rami
Abstrak: Ramie leaves silage qualities improvement by addition 20% W/W FS of absorbance and water soluble carbohydrates (WSC) sources prior to 42 days of ensiling time have been done in two experiments. Experiment-1 examined three types of the additives (cassava meal, pollard and coarse grinding corn) for their capacities to improve physical (color, odor, texture and spoilage), fermentative (pH, protein degradation, organic acid profiles) and utilities characteristics of the silages for ruminants (rumen fermentabilities and digestibilities) in vitro. The silages had bright greenish brown of color, lactic acid odor and firm textures, categorized as highly fermentable and digestible feeds (dry matter digestibility >72%). Compare to other additives, cassava meal produced better silage based on their physical chemical characteristics and drop silage pH faster than other additives. However, high butyric acid and protein degradation proportions in the silage were not seem in line to these data. Coarse grinding corn failed to do its function therefore produced poor silage quality. Second experiment was aimed to confirm the previous results. Five types of additives (cassava meal, pollard, fine grinding corn, rice bran, and cassava extract meal) of the same functions were examined. The results confirmed that cassava meal still produce better ramie leave silages than other additives. However, this time, all additives successes to serve their functions therefore produce good ramie leave silage qualities.
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Judul: Centrality test for Non-Normal And Skewed Population
Abstrak: The t modified 2 test is more robust than t test for skewed popnlation. This test tolerate the population skewness from -1.2 to 1.2 sample size is reather than 25. The sign test robust to the populated skewed population, but the value of the estimated always close to the size of the tcst. Wilcoxon test is not robust to the population skewness. This test is more suittalble for Symmetric population
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