Judul: Competitiveness and Factors Affecting Indonesian Frozen Shrimp Exports in Main Destination Countries and Potential Countries
Abstrak: Komoditas udang berkontribusi besar terhadap total nilai ekspor subsektor perikanan di Indonesia. Tahun 2020 Indonesia menduduki peringkat ke-4 sebagai negara eksportir udang beku terbesar di dunia namun nilai ekspor komoditas tersebut masih berfluktuasi setiap tahunnya. Share volume ekspor udang beku Indonesia di pasar dunia masih rendah dibandingkan dengan negara pesaingnya yaitu Ekuador, India, dan Vietnam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor udang beku Indonesia di enam negara tujuan utama. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan RCA menunjukkan bahwa ekspor udang beku Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di enam negara tujuan utama. Analisis EPD menjelaskan bahwa udang beku Indonesia hanya memiliki keunggulan kompetitif atau Rising Star di Kanada, sementara di pasar Amerika Serikat dan Belanda berada pada kondisi Falling Star, di pasar China pada kondisi Lost Opportunity, dan hasil yang lebih buruk di pasar Jepang dan Perancis berada pada kondisi Retreat. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor udang beku Indonesia secara signifikan dengan taraf nyata lima persen yaitu nilai harga udang beku Indonesia ke negara tujuan berpengaruh secara negatif dan jarak ekonomi yang berpengaruh secara negatif. Dua variabel lainnya tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan yaitu variabel GDP negara tujuan dan nilai tukar negara tujuan., Shrimp commodity contributes greatly to the total export value of the fisheries sub-sector in Indonesia. In 2020, Indonesia was ranked 4th as the largest frozen shrimp exporter in the world, but the export value of this commodity still fluctuates every year. Indonesia's frozen shrimp export volume in the world market is still low compared to its competitors, namely Ekuador, India, and Vietnam. This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and factors that influence Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports in six main destination countries. The results of the research using RCA show that Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports have a comparative advantage in the six main destination countries. EPD analysis explains that Indonesian frozen shrimp only has a competitive advantage or Rising Star in Kanada, while in the United States and the Netherlands markets are in Falling Star conditions, in the Chinese market in Lost Opportunity conditions, and worse results in the Japanese and French markets in retreat condition. The factors that significantly affect the volume of Indonesia's frozen shrimp exports with a significant level of five percent, namely the price value of Indonesian frozen shrimp to the destination country has a negative effect and economic distance has a negative effect. Two other variables have no significant effect, namely the destination country variable and the country's exchange rate.
Keyword: Distance, Export Product Dynamic, Gravity Model, Price, Revealed Comparative Advantage

Judul: Competitiveness and Factors Affecting Indonesian Shrimp Exports to Main Destination Countries
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume ekspor udang Indonesia ke negara-negara tujuan utama. Komoditas yang menjadi objek pada penelitian ini adalah udang beku dan udang olahan. Daya saing dianalisis menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) sedangkan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor dianalisis menggunakan gravity model, dalam kurun waktu 2005-2019. Udang beku dan udang olahan Indonesia memiliki daya saing di negara tujuan utama. Variabel yang signifikan memengaruhi volume ekspor udang beku dan udang olahan Indonesia adalah Gross Domestic Product (GDP) riil per kapita Indonesia, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) riil per kapita negara tujuan, jarak ekonomi, harga udang, kebijakan tarif bea masuk, dan kebijakan non tarif, sedangkan nilai tukar tidak berpengaruh signifikan., This study aims to analyze the competitiveness and the factors that influence the volume of Indonesian shrimp exports in the main destination countries. The commodities that are the object of this research are frozen shrimp and processed shrimp. Competitiveness is analyzed using the method Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA)while the factors that affect exports are analyzed using the gravity model, in the period 2005-2019. Indonesian frozen and processed shrimp have competitiveness in the main destination countries. Variables that significantly affect the export volume of frozen and processed shrimp in Indonesia are the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of Indonesia, the real Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita of the destination country, economic distance, shrimp prices, import duty tariff policies, and non-tax policies. Rates, while the exchange rate has no significant effect.
Keyword: Daya saing, Ekspor udang, Gravity model, RCA

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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