Judul: Pengaruh Pengukusan Perendaman dalam Eter dan Perendaman dalam Alkohol terhadap Retensi dan Penetrasi Bahan Pengawet Wolmanit CB pada Kayu Keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.) Kering Udara
Abstrak: Kayu Keruing (Dipterocarpus sp.ng zat ekstraktif yang cukup tinggi. Walaupun demikian telah diketahui bahwa kayu keruing mempunyai keawetan alami yang rendah (III-V). Pengawetan yang relatif mudah dapat dilakukan dengan cara rendaman. Namun perlakuan pendahuluan sebelum kayu diawetkan perlu dilakukan terhadap kayu keruing supaya zat ekstraktif yang terkandung dan terakumulasi pada permukaan kayu dapat terlarut atau dikeluarkan oleh pelarut seperti air, eter, dan alkohol. Perlakuan dan pendahuluan tersebut adalah pengukusan, perendaman dalam eter, dan perendaman dalam alkohol.
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Judul: Efektivitas Perendaman dalam Alkohol Sebagai Perlakuan Awal Bagi Pengawetan Kayu Akasia (Acacia Mangium Willd.) dengan Bahan Pengawet lmpralit CKB
Abstrak: Kebutuhan kayu di Indonesia sernakin meningkat sesuai dengan laju beinbangunan baik untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam negeri mulai dari kayu bakar sarnpai pe~mahan rnaupun untuk kebutuhan ekspor. Kebijaksanaan pernerintah dalarn rangka menanggulangi masalah kebutuhan bahan baku industri perkayuan adalah dengan rnernbangun Hutan Tanaman Industri (HTI) termasuk dengan jenis akasia (Acacia Mangium Willd.) . Kayu akasia terrnasuk kayu kelas awet rendah sehingga rentan terhadap serangan organisme pe~saka yu. Hal inilah yang antara lain menyebabkan pemanfaatannya belurn optimal. Oleh karena itu urnur pakainya perlu ditingkatkan melalui pengawetan. Metode pengawetan yang sesuai dan rnudah dilakukan oleh masyarakat adalah metode rendaman. Namun dernikian rnetode ini mernpunyai kelemahan antara lain mernerlukan waktu lama , hasil absorpsi dan penetrasinya kecil (Nandika et a/. 1996) . Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan retensi dan penetrasi adalah dengan memberikan perlakuan pendahuluan sebelum kayu diawetkan berupa perendaman dalam alkohol. Perlakuan perendaman dalam alkohol bertujuan untuk rnela~tkanza t ekstraktif tidak larut air dari membran noktah yang menyumbat pori-pori
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates