Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Permintaan Impor Buah-buahan dan Sayuran Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia as a country with a large population has become one of the destination countries for trade. Free trade agreements among countries in exempting tariff duty of goods from overseas can cause excessive imports of agricultural commodities which increase from year to year. The purposes of this study were (1) To analyze the development of commodity imports of fruits and vegetables in Indonesia; and (2) To analyze the factors that affect the demand for imports of fruits and vegetables in Indonesia. The development of Indonesian imports of fruits and vegetables from the exporting countries during the period of 2006-2010 tended to increase. Overall, the factors that affect the demand for fruit imports to Indonesia included the imported fruit prices, index of industrial production, import lag, exchange rate of rupiah against the U.S. dollar and supply of mangoes at the Central Market of Keramat Jati. The economic distance variable did not significantly affect the demand for imported fruits in Indonesia. The factors that affected the demand for Indonesia as a whole included the imported vegetable prices, index of industrial production, U.S. dollar, import lag and economic distance.
Keyword: vegetables, import demand, fruits

Judul: Analisis Dampak Non-Tariff Measures dan Faktor-Faktor yang Memengaruhi Ekspor Buah-Buahan Indonesia ke Negara Tujuan
Abstrak: Buah-buahan merupakan salah satu komoditas yang menjadi unggulan dalam ekspor sektor hortikultura Indonesia. Adanya hambatan non tarif (non tariff measures/NTMs) dalam perdagangan internasional produk pertanian, khususnya pada buah-buahan Indonesia dapat membuat volume ekspor buah-buahan Indonesia ke negara tujuan mengalami penurunan. Lebih lanjut, hambatan non tarif yang sering diberlakukan adalah kebijakan Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) dan Technical Barries to Trade (TBT). Pada penelitian ini dianalisis dampak NTMs serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor buah-buahan Indonesia pada periode 2010 hingga 2019 ke negara tujuan. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitan ini terdiri dari analisis deskriptif dengan menggunakan pendekatan inventory dan analisis data panel dengan menggunakan model gravity. Hasil analisis inventory menunjukkan bahwa komoditas buah-buahan Indonesia paling banyak dikenakan kebijakan SPS dengan jenis testing requirement. Selanjutnya, hasil estimasi model gravity menunjukkan GDP riil negara pengimpor, GDP riil Indonesia, populasi negara pengimpor, populasi Indonesia, jarak ekonomi, nilai tukar riil, dan coverage ratio SPS berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor buah-buahan Indonesia., Fruits are one of the leading commodities in Indonesia's horticultural sector exports. The existence of non-tariff barriers (non-tariff measures/NTMs) in the international trade of agricultural products, especially Indonesian fruit has reduced the volume of Indonesian fruit exports to the destination countries. Furthermore, non-tariff barriers that are often applied are the Sanitary and Phytosanitary (SPS) and Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) policies. This study analyzes the impact of NTMs and the factors that affect the Indonesian fruits exports in the period 2010 to 2019 to destination countries. The method used in this research consists of descriptive analysis using an inventory approach and panel data analysis using a gravity model. The results of the inventory analysis show that the most Indonesian fruit commodities are subject to the SPS policy with the type of testing requirement. Furthermore, the estimation results of the gravity model show that the real GDP of the importing country, the real GDP of Indonesia, the population of the importing country, the population of Indonesia, the economic distance, the real exchange rate, and the SPS coverage ratio have a significant effect on the volume of Indonesian fruit exports.
Keyword: export, fruits, gravity model, inventory approach, NTMs

Judul: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Posphate
Abstrak: Biphasio calsium phosphate (BCP), which was a mixture of hydroxypatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by sintering process. Hydroxyapatite was produced by using natural calcium source CaO from hen's eggshell and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate souce, other hydroxyapatite sample was produce by using synthetic calcium source Ca(OH) and H3PO4 as phosphate source.
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