Judul: Development of Colonies of A. cerana Given Food Supplements.
Abstrak: Honey bees need food for the growth and development and their bodies. Basically, the food of honey bees is nectar and pollen with can be obtain from plants. There food supplement namely KPR (a mixture of soya bean-flour, fresh pollen of Zea mays, yeast and sugar syrup), RPR (a mixture capok, fresh pollen of Zea mays, yeast and sugar syrup) and BPR (a mixture bran rice, fresh pollen of Zea mays, yeast and sugar syrup), were compared to find out witch one as preferred by A. cerana. These three different pollen supplement together with positive controlled colonies (colonies without neither pollen trap nor food supplement) and negative controlled colonies (colonies with pollen trap but without food supplement), were studied for there effect on the growth of colonies of A. cerana. These studies with conducted at the Forest and Nature Conservation Research and Development Center Bogor from 9 August to 20 september 2002. The research showed that A. cerana accepted all the provided the food supplements. Although RPR seemed to be more preferre able. All treated colonies lost there weight and the number of sealed brood (pupa) during the course of the study. However, the least with lost was found in positive controlled colonies and the most weight a lost was found in negative controlled colonies. Key words: development of colony, food supplement, A. cerana
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Judul: Morphology of Pollen Collected by Honey Bee Apis cerana and Apis nigrocincta in Central Sulawesi
Abstrak: Keanekaragaman tumbuhan sumber polen dapat mendukung konservasi lebah. Namun, informasi tumbuhan sumber polen lebah Apis cerana dan Apis nigrocincta di Sulawesi belum dilaporkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi tumbuhan (berdasarkan morfologi polen) dan mengelompokkan tipe polen ke dalam kategori nilai pentingnya sebagai sumber pakan A. cerana dan A. nigrocincta di Sulawesi Tengah. Metode penelitian meliputi pengamatan warna bee pollen, preparasi polen dengan asetolisis, pengamatan morfologi dan identifikasi tipe polen, serta pengelompokkan tipe polen ke dalam kategori nilai penting. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan preferensi A. cerana terhadap sumber polen yang lebih beragam (16 tipe polen) dibandingkan A. nigrocincta (satu tipe polen). Cocos nucifera merupakan sumber polen predominant bagi A. cerana dan A. nigrocincta. Polen dari lima spesies tumbuhan lainnya dan polen gramineae termasuk dalam kategori important minor bagi A. cerana, sedangkan polen dari sembilan spesies tumbuhan lainnya termasuk kategori minor. Sebagian besar sampel bee pollen dari A. cerana dan A. nigrocincta berwarna dark yellow, dan bee pollen dengan warna sama dapat memiliki tipe polen predominant dari spesies tumbuhan berbeda. Tumbuhan sumber polen A. cerana berhabitus pohon, semak, dan herba; sedangkan sumber polen A. nigrocincta hanya dari tumbuhan berhabitus pohon., Diversity of pollen sources plants could supported bee conservation. However, the information on pollen source plants for Apis cerana and Apis nigrocincta in Sulawesi has not been reported. This study aimed to identify the plants (based on the pollen morphology) and to group pollen type into the important value categories as food sources for A. cerana and A. nigrocincta. The methods were used observing bee pollen color, identifiying pollen type based on the morphological characters, and grouping the pollen type into its importance categories. The results showed A. cerana has more differs preference on food sources (16 pollen types) compared to A. nigrocincta (one pollen type). Cocos nucifera was the predominant pollen sources for both A. cerana and A. nigrocincta. The gramineae pollen and five other pollen types were included in important minor category for A. cerana, while nine other pollen type were in the minor category. Most of the bee pollen collected from A. cerana and A. nigrocincta was dark yellow. Bee pollens have similar color might have different predominant pollen type. The pollen sources plants of A. cerana were trees, shrubs, and herbs, but only trees for A. nigrocincta.
Keyword: Apis nigrocincta, bee forage plants, important minor pollen, predominant pollen, Sulawesi

Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix