Judul: Effects of Glycerol Concentration and Long Periods of Freezing Shock with the Survival Rate of Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Abstrak: Transportasi ikan hidup berpotensi menyebabkan ikan mengalami stres akibat lama waktu transportasi dan jarak yang dibutuhkan untuk pengangkutan ikan. Metode Pemingsanan ikan dengan zat anestesi dan shock suhu beku dapat dilakukan untuk menekan metabolisme serta mengurangi resiko ikan mengalami stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh konsentrasi gliserol dan lama waktu freeze shock suhu beku terhadap tingkat survival rate (SR) ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio) yang dipingsankan dengan minyak cengkeh 125 ppm. Penelitian ini menggunakan minyak cengkeh sebagai zat anestesi dan gliserol sebagai zat antibeku pada perlakuan shock suhu beku dengan variasi waktu 90,120 dan 150 menit pada suhu -13oC. Waktu menjelang pingsan ikan mas dengan shock suhu dingin yaitu 4,54-5,41 menit. Waktu menjelang pingsan ikan mas dengan minyak cengkeh 1,52 menit dan waktu menjelang pingsan kombinasi gliserol dan minyak cengkeh yaitu 1,49-1,55 menit. Konsentrasi gliserol terbaik yang diperoleh yaitu 5%. Waktu bugar ikan mas yang direndam gliserol dengan pemingsanan minyak cengkeh terhadap variasi waktu 90, 120 dan 150 menit diperoleh waktu bugar 8 menit 30 detik, 11 menit 36 detik dan 14 menit 27 detik dengan tingkat kelangsungan hidup 100%., Transportation of live fish potentially causing stress in fish due to the length of transportation time and the distance taken transport fish. Immotilization fish with anesthetics and freezing shock can be suppress metabolism and reduce the risk of fish stress. This study aims to determine the effect of glycerol concentration and duration of freezing shock on the survival rate of carp (Cyprinus carpio) stunned with 125 ppm clove oil. This study used clove oil as an anesthetic agent and glycerol as an antifreeze in freezing temperature shock treatment with time vatriations of 90, 120 and 150 minutes at -13oC. The time for the carp to pass out with a freeze shock was 5.10 minutes. The fainting time of the carp with clove oil was 1.52 minutes and the fainting time for the combination glycerol and clove oil was 1.49—1.55 minutes. The best glycerol concentration obtained is 5%. The conscious time of carp soaked in glycerol with clove oil stunning of 90, 120 and 150 minutes obtained conscious time 8 minutes 30 second, 11 minutes 36 second and 14 minutes 27 second with a 100% survival rate.
Keyword: antifreeze, fish transportation, immotilization

Judul: Effect of Glycerol Injection and Freezing Time on the Survival Rate of Carp (Cyprinus carpio)
Abstrak: Proses transportasi ikan hidup yang kurang tepat menyebabkan ikan mengalami stres, atau bahkan ikan mengalami kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pengaruh gliserol yang diinjeksikan ke dalam tubuh ikan dan lama waktu pembekuan terhadap tingkah laku, kondisi insang dan mata, nilai survival rate, dan kadar glukosa darah ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio). Penelitian ini menggunakan bahan anestesi alami untuk pemingsanan ikan, yaitu minyak cengkeh dengan konsentrasi 125 ppm yang memiliki rata-rata waktu menjelang pingsan yaitu 3.05 menit, dilanjutkan dengan injeksi volume gliserol 0.5 mL, 0.75 mL, dan 1 mL. Gliserol yang diinjeksikan dan lama waktu pembekuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap survival rate dan glukosa darah ikan mas. Penelitian utama menggunakan volume gliserol terbaik 0.75 mL pada ikan yang dibekukan selama 120 menit dengan nilai survival rate yaitu 100% dan waktu beku 150 menit yaitu 77.78%. Kadar glukosa darah ikan mas yang diberi gliserol setelah pembekuan 120 menit, yaitu 121.44 mg/dL dan pembekuan 150 menit, yaitu 151.67 mg/dL., An improper transportation of a live fish causes fish to get stress, or even a death. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of glycerol injected into the fish body and the length of freezing time on behavior, gill and eye conditions, survival rate, and blood glucose levels of carp (Cyprinus carpio). This study used natural anesthetics for stunning fish, specifically clove oil with a concentration of 125 ppm which has an average fainting time of 3.05 minutes, followed by injection of 0.5 mL volume of glycerol 0.75 mL, and 1 mL. The injected glycerol and the length of freezing time significantly affected the survival rate and blood glucose of a carp. The main study used the best glycerol volume of 0.75 mL in fish frozen for 120 minutes with a survival rate of 100% and a freezing time of 150 minutes, which was 77.78%. The blood glucose level of carp that was given glycerol after freezing for 120 minutes was 121.44 mg/dL and for 150 minutes was 151.67 mg/dL.
Keyword: Clove oil, fitness, glycerol, stunning

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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