Judul: Evaluation of Linier Body Size Measurement in Different Breeds of Beef Cattle with Digital Imaging Method
Abstrak: Metode citra digital digunakan dalam pengukuran ukuran linier tubuh ternak bertujuan agar ternak tidak stres saat proses pengukuran. Penelitian menggunakan masing-masing 50 ekor sapi pejantan dengan umur I2 (2,5-3 tahun) pada bangsa simmental, limousin dan peranakan angus dengan bobot potong simmental 327-766 kg, limousin 313-920 kg dan peranakan angus 402-782 kg. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan analisis kovarian, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan Uji Tukey jika terdapat perbedaan antar perlakuan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada ukuran panjang badan nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) pada bobot potong sapi simmental, tinggi badan nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) pada bobot potong sapi peranakan angus serta ukuran dalam dada dan lingkar dada nyata lebih tinggi (P<0,05) pada bobot potong sapi simmental dan peranakan angus. Evaluasi ukuran permukaan linier tubuh menggunakan metode citra digital pada sapi simmental memiliki nilai korelasi yang sangat kuat daripada sapi limousin dan sapi peranakan angus pada lingkar dada dan dalam dada dengan bobot potong. Ukuran linier tubuh lingkar dada dan dalam dada pada sapi simmental memengaruhi bobot potong., Digital imaging method is used to measure one livestock’s body size without causing any stress. The study used 50 heads of bulls for the simmental, limousine and angus crossbreeds with the age range I2 (2,5-3 years) and slaughter weight of 327-766 kg for simmental, 313-920 kg for limousine and 402-782 kg for angus crossbreds. Data were analyzed using covariance, then tested by Tukey to determine the differences between treatments. The results showed that the measurement of body length has significant effect (P<0,05) in simmental slaughter weight, significant effect (P<0,05) of body height in angus crossbred slaughter weight, and significant effect (P<0,05) of chest weight and chest circumference in Simmental and angus crossbred slaughter weight. Evaluation of linier body size measurement with digital imaging method in simmental bull have correlation value is categorigied as substantial than limousin and angus crossbreed bull of chest circumference and chest weight with slaughter weight. The dimension body size of chest circumference and chest weight for simmental bulls can be used as parameters to determine slaughter weight.
Keyword: bobot potong, citra digital, sapi potong, ukuran linier tubuh

Judul: Pengukuran Morfometrik Tubuh Sapi Friesian Holstein dan Sapi Simmental dengan Metode Citra Digital
Abstrak: Pengukuran morfometrik secara citra digital dilakukan sebagai metode untuk mengukur dimensi tubuh, bobot tubuh, dan pertumbuhan ternak. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu membandingkan morfometrik tubuh antara sapi simmental dan sapi perah FH menggunakan metode citra digital. Ternak yang digunakan yaitu sapi perah FH dan sapi Simmental masing-masing sebanyak 15 ekor berjenis kelamin betina dengan kisaran umur 2-3 tahun (I₂). Indikator yang diamati adalah vertebrae carvicalis, vertebrae thoracicae, vertebrae lumbales, vertebrae sacrales, scapula, humerus, radius-ulna, metacarpale, femur, panjang os tibia- fibulla, panjang os metatarsale, jarak coxae-ischium, panjang badan, lingkar dada, tinggi badan, dalam dada, dan tinggi pinggul. Data yang diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan uji-t. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerangka sapi FH dan sapi Simmental menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan. Perbedaan tersebut terdapat pada panjang vertebrae cervicales, vertebrae thoracicae, vertebrae lumbales, vertebrae sacrales, radius-ulna, femur, tibia-fibulla, metatarsalia I-V, panjang badan, tinggi badan, dan tinggi hip. Karakteristik morfometrik Sapi FH menunjukkan bahwa sapi FH memiliki badan yang lebih tinggi dan jenjang tetapi dalam dada yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dengan sapi simmental, Digital image morphometric measurements were carried out as a method for measuring body dimensions. The objective of this study was to compare morphometric measurements between simmental cows and FH cows using digital image methods. The experiment used 15 FH and Simmental cows each, aged 2-3 years old (I₂). The parameters observed included the length of vertebrae carvicalis, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, scapula, humerus, radius ulna, metacarpal, os femoris, os tibia-fibula and metatarsal bones, the distance between os coxae and os ischium, body length, chest depth, withers height, and hip height. The data obtained were then analyzed by t-test. The results showed that the skeletons of FH and Simmental cattle showed significant differences. These differences are found in the length of the cervical vertebrae, thoracic vertebrae, lumbar vertebrae, sacral vertebrae, radius-ulna, femur, tibia-fibula, metatarsalia I V, body length, body height, and hip height. The results showed that based on morphometric measurements, FH cows had obviously higher wither height, but lower chest depth compared to simmental cows
Keyword: Digital image, FH dairy cattle, Morphometric, Simmental cattle

Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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