Judul: Dinamika Perantauan dan Identitas Perempuan Minang di Jakarta
Abstrak: Etnis Minangkabau memandang merantau sebagai upaya mengubah nasib agar terangkat harkat dan martabat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji dinamika perantauan perempuan Minang di daerah tujuan rantau, mengkaji bagaimana rasionalitas tindakan perantau perempuan Minang dan dampaknya pada nilai-nilai asli (identitas) perempuan Minang, serta mengkaji interaksi sosial antar perantau yang membentuk kemampuan ekonomi perantau. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang terdiri atas 60 responden dan didukung data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Perantau perempuan Minang sejumlah 35 persen transit di daerah lain sebelum menetap di Jakarta; mereka yang merantau di atas 5 (lima) tahun umumnya mengalami perubahan penghidupan, yaitu: tingkat pendidikan, status pernikahan, serta jenis pekerjaan; (2) Perantauan perempuan Minang didasarkan oleh rasionalitas tujuan, agar dapat mempertahankan serta memperjuangkan harkat dan martabat sebagai perempuan Minang; sekali memutuskan merantau, sebuah keharusan untuk mengubah nasib atau mengangkat harkat dan martabat; meskipun telah terjadi dinamika (perubahan) penghidupan, atau bahkan telah menjadi orang Jakarta (ditandai dengan 38 persen responden telah menetap di Jakarta di atas 10 tahun), identitas mereka sebagai perempuan Minang tidak berubah; dan (3) Interaksi sosial perantau perempuan Minang adalah closed system (kinship system), karena tetap menjaga hubungan kekeluargaan atau kekerabatan di daerah tujuan rantau.
Keyword: perantau perempuan Minang, harkat dan martabat perempuan Minang, dan nilai-nilai merantau

Judul: Gender and Migration Pattern of Minangnese People (Case study of Return Migrants from Kasang Village, Batang Anai District, Padang Pariaman Regency).
Abstrak: Merantau atau migrasi merupakan fenomena umum yang sudah menjadi suatu kebiasaan bagi masyarakat Minangkabau. Pada tahapan migrasi terdapat tahap pra/awal migrasi, saat migrasi dan kembali, serta tahapan pasca migrasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara perbedaan gender dengan tahapan-tahapan migrasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif berupa metode survei dan didukung oleh metode kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Data kuantitatif diolah dengan Uji Chi Square. Penentuan jumlah responden pada penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 40 orang dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada tahapan awal migrasi, perbedaan gender berhubungan dengan jenis pekerjaan dan proses pengambilan keputusan migrasi. Pada tahapan migrasi dan kembali, perbedaan gender berhubungan dengan daerah rantau yang dituju. Sementara itu, pada tahap pasca migrasi perbedaan gender memiliki hubungan dengan tingkat pendapatan migran pasca migrasi, namun tidak berhubungan dengan tingkat taraf hidup dan dampak non ekonomi pasca migrasi responden migran kembali asal Nagari Kasang., Merantau or migrate is a common phenomenon that has become a habit for the Minangkabau society. At the migration stages, there are pre/early migration stages, during migration and return, and post-migration stages. This study aims to identify the relationship between gender differences and the stages of migration.. The method used in this study is a quantitative method in the form of a survey method and is supported by qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and literature studies. Quantitative data was analyzed by Chi Square Test. The results showed that in the pre-stages of migration, gender differences were related to the type of work and the migration decision-making process. At the post-migration stage, gender differences were related to the income level of post-migration migrants, but were not related to the level of living standards and non-economic impacts of post-migration of respondents returned Migrants from Kasang Village.
Keyword: gender, migrant, pattern of migration

Judul: Heterologous Expression Of Endo-Β-Xylanase From Bacillus Pumilus Strain Bcrs-01 In Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolase family 11 which depolymerise xylan in the plant cell wall, the most excessive form of hemicellulose. Endo-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are most important to breakdown β-1,4-glicoside bond of xylan to produce disaccaride xyloolygosaccaride (XOs) and xylose (monomer). Bovine rumen fluids have potential to obtain endo-β-xylanase produced of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to obtain xylanase producing bacteria and to express xynA gene encoding endo-β-xylanase from bacterium in Escherichia coli. Twenty nine isolate bacteria have been succesfully isolated from bovine rumen fluid in agar medium containing birchwood xylan. Isolate BCRS-01 bacterium was previously screened for the high production of xylanase. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BCRS-01 showed high similarity (99%) to Bacillus pumilus (accession number NR043241). The crude xylanase had optimal activity at 55oC, pH 7.0. Furthermore, the crude xylanase exhibited broad pH stability from 4.0 to 10.0 and remained more than 60% and 40% of its activity after incubation at pH 4.0 until 10.0, respectively for 60 min. It also showed a stability at temperature 25-50oC since it retained 80% and 50% of its activity when incubated at 50oC or 30 and 60 min, respectively. The xylanase activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Cu2+ at concentration 10 mM, and as little as 1 mM for Mn2+. Therefore, this xylanase has potentially used as additive feeds in animal feed industry. The DNA sequence xynA gene encoded endo-β-xylanase was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET-15by under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant protein had succesfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A protein recombinant of approximately, 26.7 kDa was observed on the SDS-PAGE analysis. Crude extract of recombinant endo-β-xylanase demonstrated activity of enzyme at 56 U mL-1 using birchwood xylan as a substrate at 55oC for 10 min.
Keyword: Bacillus pumilus, bovine rumen fluid, endo-β-xylanase, heterologous expression.