Judul: Characteristics of Estrus and Gestation Success of  Garut Female Lamb Fed Concentrate Diets with Different Protein Content
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh konsentrat terstandar yang ditingkatkan kandungan protein kasarnya (PK) terhadap karakteristik estrus dan keberhasilan kebuntingan calon induk domba garut. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor domba Garut dara dengan rataan bobot badan 36,37 ± 4,04 kg dan ditempatkan di kandang kelompok. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 perlakuan dan 5 kelompok. Ransum kontrol = rumput + konsentrat komersial (60:40) dengan PK 11% dan ransum perlakuan = rumput + konsentrat terstandar (60:40) dengan PK 14%. Variabel yang diamati meliputi karakteristik estrus, kebuntingan pertama setelah pemberian perlakuan, jumlah fetus, persentase kebuntingan, dan korelasi body condition score (BCS) dengan jumlah fetus. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan independent sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan konsentrat terstandar nyata menurunkan (P<0,05) suhu vulva, namun cenderung meningkatkan (P<0,1) lendir vulva. Warna dan bentuk vulva relatif sama antar perlakuan. Terdapat korelasi positif antara BCS dan jumlah fetus. Pemberian konsentrat terstandar dapat meningkatkan persentase keberhasilan kebuntingan dari 70% menjadi 90%., This research aimed to analyze the effect of standardized concentrates that are increased in crude protein (CP) content on characteristics of estrus and success of the gestation of Garut female lamb. This study used 20 female lamb with an average body weight of 36.37 ± 4.04 kg and placed in group cages. This study used a randomized block design (RBD) with 2 treatments and 5 groups. Control ration = grass + commercial concentrate (60:40) with 11% CP and treatment ration = grass + standardized concentrate (60:40) with 14% CP. Variables observed included estrus characteristics, first gestation after treatment, number of fetuses, percentage of gestation, and correlation of body condition score (BCS) to the number of fetuses. The data obtained were analyzed with an independent sample T-Test. The results showed that the use of standardized concentrate significantly decreased (P<0.05) vulval temperature, but tended to increase (P<0.1) vulval mucus. Vulvar color and shape were relatively similar between treatments. There was a positive correlation between BCS and number of fetuses. Providing standardized concentrate can increase the percentage of successful gestation from 70% to 90%.
Keyword: estrus characteristics, Garut female lamb, standardized concentrate, successful gestation

Judul: Performance and Body Condition Score (BCS) of Garut Ewe Lambs Fed Concentrate with Different Protein and Energy Content
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pemberian ransum dengan protein dan energi yang berbeda terhadap performa induk domba garut yang dikawinkan dengan domba dorper. Penelitian ini menggunakan 20 ekor domba garut betina berumur 1-2 tahun dengan rataan bobot 36,37±4,04 kg. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 2 perlakuan dan 2 kelompok. Perlakuan terdiri atas P0=Konsentrat komersial 40% + Rumput BH 60% dengan PK 11% dan TDN 56,74% dan P1=Konsentrat terstandar 40% + Rumput BH 60% dengan PK 14% dan TDN 61,66%. Variabel yang diukur meliputi konsumsi pakan, body condition score (BCS), pertambahan bobot badan (PBB), dan income over feed cost (IOFC). Data dianalisis menggunakan Independent Sample T-Test. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian ransum dengan protein 14% berpengaruh nyata (P=0,05) meningkatkan konsumsi ransum dan PBB induk domba pada bulan ke 2 dan 3 setelah pemeliharaan. Selain itu, BCS juga berpengaruh nyata (P=0,05) pada bulan ke 1 dan ke 3 setelah pemeliharaan. Nilai IOFC pada perlakuan konsentrat terstandar menghasilkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan konsentrat komersial. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan konsentrat terstandar yang diberikan pada induk domba garut dapat memperbaiki performa dan IOFC., This study aims to analyze the provision of rations with different proteins and energy on the performance of garut ewes mated with dorper sheep. This study used 20 female garut sheep aged 1-2 years with an average weight of 36.37±4.04 kg. This study used a Randomized Group Design with 2 treatments and 2 groups. Treatments consisted of P0 = 40% commercial concentrate + 60% BH grass with 11% PK and 56,74% TDN and P1 = 40% standardized concentrate + 60% BH grass with 14% PK and 61,66% TDN. Variables measured included feed consumption, body condition score (BCS), body weight gain (BWG), and income over feed cost (IOFC). Data were analyzed using Independent Sample T-Test. The results showed that feeding rations with 14% protein significantly (P=0.05) increased ration consumption and BWG of ewes in the 2nd and 3rd months after maintenance. In addition, BCS also significantly (P=0.05) in the 1st and 3rd month after maintenance. The IOFC value in the standardized concentrate treatment resulted in higher. It can be concluded that the use of standardized concentrates given to garut ewes can improve performance and IOFC.
Keyword: Performance, BCS, Garut Ewes, Standardize Concentrate

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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