Judul: Karakterisasi Beberapa Fraksi Protease Eschericlzia Coli Dh5a Rekombinan Hasil Kloning Dari DNA Tanah Black Water Ecosystem Kalimantan
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi sifat - sifat biokimia dari fraksi - fraksi protease E.coli DH5a rekombinan hasil kloning DNA tanah dari Black Water Ecosystem Kalimantan. Fraksi - fraksi protease tersebut diperoleh dari pemisahan dengan elektroforesis SDS-PAGE. Protease diproduksi dengan menumbuhkan pada media Luria Bertani Broth yang ditambah dengan antibiotik ampicillin hingga konsentrasi 100 pg/ml. Produksi protease dilakukan pada media Luria Bertani Broth 10% dengan penambahan 0.5% W O 4 , skim 1% dan CaClz 2mM selaina 24 jam pada suhu 37' C. Filtrat hasil fermentasi disentrifugasi dingin suhu 0-4°C dengan kecepatan 1500g selama 15 inenit untuk memperoleh supernatan bebas sel. Protein filtrat diendapkan dengan amoniuin sulfat 40%. Endapan yang diperoleh kemudian dipisahkan lagi dengan sentrifugasi dingin suhu 0-4°C 1500g selama 15 inenit. Enzim kemudian didialisis untuk menghilangkan garam dan molekul protein berukuran kurang dari 12 kD.
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Judul: Karakterisasi Protease Escherichia coli DH5a Rekombinan Hasil Kloning dari DNA Tanah Black Water Ecosystem Kalimantan
Abstrak: Kondisi lingkungan non fisiologis sering ditemui dalam industri bioteknologi. Kondisi non fisiologis ini seng'lja dibuat untuk meningkatkan laju proses produksi dan pemul'nian produk yang sering kali tidak menguntungkan untuk pertumbuhan mikroorganisme maupun aktivitas enzim yang terlibat. Karena itu pencarian bakteri dan enzim yang tahan dalam suasana non fisiologis merupakan cara yang paling masuk akal dan memiliki aspek ekonomis yang besar dalam industri bioteknologi. Eksplorasi dan isolasi bakteri yang ada dalam suatu ekosistem alallli bukan merupakan hal yang mudah. Lebih kurang 99% bakteri belum dapat ditumbuhkan deilgan metode konvensional (Alexander, 1978). Sehingga pendekatan teknik biologi molekuler merupakan alternatif yang sangat bermanfaat untuk mengeksplorasi bakteri-bakteri yang belum bisa ditumbuhkan tersebut.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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