Judul: Efek Pemberian Probiotik Padat Atau Cair Terhadap Populasi Protozoa Dan Bakteri Rumen Serta Aktivitas Enzim
Abstrak: Probiotik merupakan suplemenen berupa mikroba yang memberikan manfaat bagi inangnya dengan cara membantu menyeimbangkan jumlah mikroba. Probiotik padat dan cair telah lama digunakan untuk sapi potong dan perannya telah diteliti baik secara in vivo dan in vitro. Oleh karena itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengamati efek pemberian probiotik padat dan cair terhadap populasi protozoa dan bakteri rumen serta aktivitas enzim. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari A0 (blanko), A1 (pakan kontrol tanpa penambahan probiotik), A2 (A1 + probiotik padat 1.25% b b¹) dan A3 (A1 + probiotik cair 0.5% v b¹). Peubah yang diamati adalah total populasi protozoa dan bakteri (bakteri total, amilolitik, selulotik, lipolitik, proteolitik, dan asam laktat), dan aktivitas enzim (amilase, selulase, lipase, dan protease). Pemberian probiotik padat atau cair tidak berpengaruh pada total protozoa dan bakteri saat waktu inkubasi 0 jam, sedangkan pada waktu inkubasi 2 jam sangat signifikan pada bakteri amilolitik (P<0.05). Pengaruh pemberian probiotik terhadap aktivitas enzim sangat siginifikan pada enzim lipase (waktu inkubasi 0 jam) (P<0.05). a
Keyword: solid probiotic, liquid probiotic, protozoal, bacteria, enzyme, Feed suplements, Microbial balance, In vitro, In vivo, Rumen protozoal, Enzime activity

Judul: Efektifitas Pemberian Probiotik Padat pada Taraf yang Berbeda terhadap Fermentasi dan Kecernaan in vitro Ransum Sapi Potong
Abstrak: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of various levels of solid probioticsupplementation in beef cattle rations on VFA and NH3 concentrations, rumen microbial populations and nutrient digestibility. Fermentability experiment used factorial randomized block design 3x4 with 4 replications. Factor A was beef cattle ration without and with solid probiotic supplement: A1 = control diet, A2 = A1 + solid probiotic 0.25% w.w-1 and A3 = A1 + solid probiotic 0.5% w.w-1. Factor B was the incubation time: 0,1,2 and 3 hours. Digestibility trial used a randomized block design with three probiotic treatments (A1, A2 and A3) and four replications. The results showed that concentration of ammonia, total VFA, microbial protein sythesis and DM digestibility were not influenced by probiotic supplementation and incubation time, these treatment affected significantly total bacterial population. Protozoal population and OM digestibility was influented by solid probiotics supplementation. Polynomial orthogonal test indicated that A3 is the optimal treatment.
Keyword: solid probiotic, digestibility, fermentability

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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