Judul: Klasifikasi dan Detektsi Perubahan Tutupan Hutan dan Lahan Menggunakan Citra ALOS PALSAR Resolusi 50 Meter di Wilayah Barat Provinsi Jambi.
Abstrak: Currently, knowledge on conditions of forest and land cover as well as its dynamics changes, particularly in the form of deforestation and forest or land degradation in the region is highly important, especially to support sustainable forest management. Detection of forest and land condition could be performed either using terrestrial, remote sensing or a combination between remote sensing and terrestrial approach. In Indonesia, since the 1990s, the mapping and monitoring forest and land cover condition is generally performed using optical satellite remote sensing approach. However, in the tropics, the use of optical images often have serious obstacle due to the presence of clouds and haze in the rainy seasonand the presence of smog and smoke during the dry season. However, since the presence ofradar images, a newperspective is coming, which may give complementary and/or substitution information over optical image. Satellite ALOS (Advanced Land Observation Sattelite) with sensor PALSAR (Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar) is a radar image that had been launched in 2006 by the Government of Japan. They have four polarizations, namely HH, HV, VH, and VV. However, the image released to the public is commonly consisted of only HH and HV polarization. The study objective are (1) to identify forest and land cover and (2) to detect patterns of change in forest and land cover in the Western Part of Jambi Province using 50-meter ALOS PALSAR. The results of this research are expected to be used for supporting the preparation of MRV or REDD++ as well as for basic information in regional spatial planning. The method used in this study includes (1) image classification using qualitative classification approach (visual) on the composite image ALOS PALSAR (HH-HV-HH/HV) of 2007 and 2009, (2) image classification using quantitative classification (digital analysis) with the supervised method and (3) post-classification comparison by comparing 2007 and 2009 classified imageries. For ground checking and accuracy analysis, the location of ground observations were determined using systematic sampling with random start with the distance range from 100 meters to 500 meters from the edge of the road. The study results show that there are 13 classes of forest and land cover that can be identified through visual classification of 50-meter ALOS PALSAR composite image, namely water body, dry land forest, swamp forest, dry land farming, mixed farms/crop, rubber plantations, oil palm plantations, bush, shrub swamps, marshes, settlements and bare area. The qualitative classification approach provides Kappa accuracy of 82,38% for 2007 and 83,48% for 2009. With quantitative classification approach, slightly lower accuracy and separability were identified, where the average of inter-class separability value of Transformed Divergence for the image of 2007 and 2009 are 1641.7 and 1611.78. The Kappa accuracy with quantitative approach for 2007 is 53,3% and for 2009 is 58.8%. Based on the pattern distribution analysis of forest and landcover changes occurred between 2007 and 2009, it was found that the pattern of forest and land cover changes within the study site is clustered particularly in Tebo and Sarolangun Regencies. Deforestation of 14,583.5 hectaresis mostly occurred in Tebo Regency, while forest and land degradation of 399.8
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Judul: Aplikasi Citra ALOS PALSAR Multiwaktu Resolusi 50 m dalam Identifikasi Tutupan Lahan di Provinsi Lampung
Abstrak: Land cover change is a state of land in which changes occured through passing time due to human activities (Lillesand & Kiefer 1990). Land cover change has different change dynamics between one land to another, that it requires continuous monitoring to observe those changes. The use of remote sensing technology had become a very important part in the mapping of land-closure and land-use, as well as land cover changes associated with the study of vegetation, crops and soil of the biosphere. Cloud cover had posed obstacles in the use of LANDSAT and SPOT optical imagery in Indonesia. Active remote sensing systems (radar) which has the ability to one way technology to overcome the obstacles. In 2006, the Japanese government launched a satellite named ALOS (Advanced Land Observing Sattelite) that carries the radar sensor (JICA 2011). One of the sensor types is PALSAR (Phased Array Type L-band Shynthetic Aperture Radar) operating each year, so it can be used for monitoring land cover change. This study aimed to analyze land cover change and identity the dynamics of changes in one year periods of 2007-2008 and 2008-2009, as well as the two-year period of 2007-2009 using multitime ALOS PALSAR image with spatial resolution of 50 m in Lampung province. Field research was conducted on August 10th until 18th 2012 in Lampung province. The method of this research is visual analysis of land cover change combining RGB HH-HV-HH/HV 1:50.000 scale and matrix of land cover change. The results of the visual analysis of ALOS PALSAR imagery in 50 m resolution showed 17 land cover classes namely water, airport, dry land forest, swamp forest, plantation forest, multiplants field, pineapple field, sugarcane field, open land, savanna, rubber wood plantation, oil palm plantation, settlements, dry land farming, paddy fields, scrub / shrub wetlands, and ponds. The pattern of changes observed in Lampung province was a drastic change in which open land changed into a vegetated land or otherwise vegetated land changed into open land. Based on the type of land cover, the change of land cover in Lampung both in one year and two years periods had the similar kind of change, which was transformation from open land into sugarcane field, open land into pineapples field, sugarcane field into open land, pineapple field into open land, and rubber wood plantation into open land.
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Judul: The Effects of Hypothyroidism in the Fertility of Male Rats
Abstrak: Thyroid hormones are involved in the development and maintenance of virtually all tissues. The purpose of the study is to understand effects of the neonatal hypothyroidism in the fertility of male rats. Recent studies with juvenile rats indicate that changes in thyroid function early in life have a major impact on the endocrine and/or paracrine factors regulating testicular growth and function. However, one should keep in mind that hypothyroidism is a complex hormonal dysfunction rather than a single hormonal defect. Hypothyroidism has been also shown to reduce the secretion of GnRH (gonadotropins releasing hormone), LH (Luteinizing Hormone), FSH (Follicle Stimulating Hormone), GH (Growth Hormone) and testicular testosterone in rats. Therefore, many of the testicular changes observed in prolonged hypothyroidism could result in some degree of diminished levels of the aforementioned hormones. The transient neonatal hypothyroidism model results in the unnatural testicular development and in sperm production in neonates hence resulting in decreased fertility upon puberty.
Keyword: Hypothyroidism, Neonates, Testicular Growth, Fertility