Judul: . Literature Review the Effect of Local Tuber Addition as Prebiotic Source on Total LAB Count in Cow’s Milk Yoghurt
Abstrak: Prebiotik merupakan komponen pangan yang tidak dapat dicerna oleh tubuh, namun difermentasikan oleh probiotik pada usus, sehingga meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan tubuh inang. Umbi-umbian lokal telah lama diketahui memiliki kandungan karbohidrat yang tinggi, antara lain oligosakarida dan inulin yang dapat bekerja sebagai prebiotik. Efektivitas prebiotik dari umbi dapat dilihat berdasarkan kemampuannya meningkatkan jumlah total bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Yoghurt merupakan produk yang kaya akan BAL, sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai media pengujian efektivitas prebiotik dalam meningkatkan jumlah total BAL pada produk akhir. Kajian literatur dilaksanakan menggunakan metode PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis). Hasil menunjukkan penambahan tepung umbi gembili sebanyak 13,5 gram, ekstrak ubi jalar sebanyak 10% v/v, tepung umbi uwi termodifikasi pada konsentrasi 0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3%, 0,4%, dan 0,5%, serta tepung umbi dahlia pada konsentrasi 3%, 6%, dan 9% telah terbukti dapat meningkatkan jumlah BAL pada produk akhir yoghurt susu sapi. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan pengaruh nyata penambahan umbi-umbian terhadap peningkatan prebiotik dibandingkan dengan yoghurt kontrol tanpa penambahan umbi.
Keyword: Prebiotik, Total BAL, Umbi-umbian lokal, Yoghurt

Judul: Pengujian Potensi Prebiotik Ubi Garut Dan Ubi Jalar Serta Hasil Olahannya (Cookies Dan Sweet Potato Flakes)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi ekstrak cookies ubi garut dan ubi jalar secara in vitro, ekstrak ubi garut (Maranta arundinaceae) secara in vivo dan sweet potato flakes (SPF) sebagai prebiotik secara in vitro dan in vivo. Jenis gula dalam ubi garut adalah glukosa, fruktosa, sukrosa, rafinosa dan oligofruktosa (FOS). Secara in vitro, ekstrak ubi garut dapat menstimulir pertumbuhan bakteri asam laktat (BAL). Jenis gula dalam ubi jalar varietas sukuh adalah fruktosa, glukosa, sukrosa, maltosa, rafinosa, maltotriosa dan FOS. Pengolahan dapat mengubah kandungan oligosakarida. Sweet Potato Flakes (SPF), cookies ubi garut dan ubi jalar merupakan model pengolahan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. BAL yang digunakan adalah Lactobacillus casei Rhamnosus, L. casei Shirota, Lactobacillus G3, Lactobacillus F1, Bifidobacterium bifidum dan B. longum. Pada pengujian secara in vitro digunakan media MRS basis yang mengandung ekstrak ubi garut atau ekstrak SPF. Jenis BAL yang memiliki pertumbuhan tertinggi dalam media yang mengandung ekstrak ubi garut atau SPF dikompetisikan dengan patogen E. coli, Bacillus cereus dan Salmonella. Pengujian potensi prebiotik secara in vivo terhadap ekstrak ubi garut dan SPF menggunakan tikus Sprague Dawley.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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