Judul: Paralellization Multiple Sequence Alignment
Abstrak: Sequence alignment (sequence alignment) is one of the problems in molecular biology that can be solved with the help of computer programs. The purpose of an alignment is to identify similarity region of sequence in Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), Ribonucleic acid (RNA), or protein. One of sequence alignment methods is Needleman-Wunsch which includes all sequences in its alignment. The Needleman-Wunsch method has high computational complexity with value of O(n2). Similarly, multiple sequence alignment (MSA) that processes k sequences one by one by using Star Alignment method has complexity of O(k2n2). Therefore, the main problem in MSA using Star Alignment method is computational time. However, the Star Alignment method can still obtain high accuracy. The time consuming problem faced by Star Alignment method can be solved by applying parallel computing technique implemented using multiple computers working together as a network system. This research focuses on finding a faster method to process MSA based on Star Alignment method using parallel computing. The proposed method is implemented using Message Passing Interface (MPI). The evaluation is conducted by calculating speed up. The experiment results show that the paralellization of the Star Alignment method can increase speed up 4-6 times faster than that of using single CPU.
Keyword: Needleman-Wunsch, Multiple Sequence Alignment, Star Alignment, Parallel Computing

Judul: Komputasi Paralel Multiple Sequence Alignment menggunakan Message Passing Interface
Abstrak: Multiple sequence alignment (MSA) adalah teknik untuk menemukan kesamaan dalam banyak sekuen. Teknik ini sangat penting untuk mendukung banyak tugas bioinformatika seperti mengidentifikasi single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), membuat phylogenetic tree, dan metagenome fragments binning. Algoritma sederhana untuk MSA adalah Algoritma Star. Algoritma ini terdiri atas tiga tahap, yaitu menjajarkan semua kemungkinan pasangan sekuen, menentukan sekuen star yang dipilih dari sekuen yang memiliki nilai penjajaran maksimum, dan menjajarkan semua sekuen terhadap sekuen star. Setiap pasangan sekuen dijajarkan dengan menggunakan teknik pemrograman dinamis. Kompleksitas penjajaran sekuen DNA menggunakan teknik pemrograman dinamis mengikuti fungsi eksponensial. Waktu komputasi meningkat secara eksponensial seiring dengan meningkatnya jumlah dan panjang sekuen DNA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempercepat perhitungan MSA menggunakan message passing interface (MPI). Evaluasi kinerja dari metode yang diusulkan dilakukan dengan menghitung speedup. Percobaan dilakukan dengan menggunakan data Glycine max-kromosom-9-BBI dengan jumlah 64 sekuen yang memiliki panjang seragam, yaitu 800 base pair (bp). Sekuens ini dihasilkan dengan cara memotong secara acak sekuen referensi dari Glycine max-kromosom-9-BBI yang bersumber dari national center for biotechnology information (NCBI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknik yang diusulkan mampu menghasilkan speedup sebesar tiga kali, dengan menggunakan lima komputer. Selain itu, dapat ditarik kesimpulan bahwa peningkatan jumlah komputer akan meningkatkan speedup. Kata kunci : multiple sequence alignment, message passing interfaces, komputasi paralel, DNA.
Keyword: multiple sequence alignment, message passing interfaces, komputasi paralel, DNA

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4