Judul: KomposisiIsotop Stabil Makrozoobentosdan Produsen Primer diEkosistemLamun dan Mangrove
Abstrak: Seagrass and mangrove some of the premier producers become food sources for biota that lives in mangrove and seagrass ecosystems. To indentify those potential food sources in mangrove and seagrass stable isotopes of δ13C and δ15N were measured from primary producers and macrobenthos. The research was conducted in two places, the seagrass ecosystem in Pari Islands, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia and Manko mangrove ecosystem in Okinawa, Japan. Values of δ13C in Chlamydinae spp. and Haliclona spp.Pari Islands were -13.74 ‰ and -19.82 ‰, for δ15N 5.25 ‰ and 3.97 ‰, respectively. Value of δ13C and δ15N from potential food materialof E. acoroides was -5.56 ‰ and 2.41 ‰, and C. rasemosa -17.11 ‰ and 3.31 ‰, respectively. Value of δ13C class gastropod from mangrove Manko ranged -22.58 ‰ to -22.4 ‰ and for δ15N 8 ‰ to 8.6 ‰, class crustacea had value δ13C ranged-24.3 ‰ to -21.87 ‰ and for δ15N 10.6 ‰ to 11.5 ‰, respectively. This study show that Chlamydinae spp. didnot consumeseagrass and mangrove materials, but class gastropod and crustacea consumed sediment.
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Judul: Kontribusi ekosistem mangrove sebagai pemasok makanan ikan belanak (Liza subviridis)di perairan pantai utara konawe selatan Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: The most important ecological functions of mangrove forests are nutrient cycles and energy flows. Mangrove litter fall in the water decomposed by microorganisms that produce nutrients (partly in the form of particles of litter (detritus)) are utilized by fish, shrimp and crabs as food (Bengen 2000; Bengen and Dutton 2004). Mangrove leaf is the largest part of litter primary production available to consumers contributed significantly to the food chain in the coastal fishery resources (Lee 1995; Ananda et al. 2007; Berg and McClaugherty 2008). The amount and quality of the mangrove detritus are based on the dominant mangrove species in the ecosystem. A kind of fish that make use of detritus in a mangrove ecosystem as a food source (energy) is the Greenback mullet (L.subviridis) from mugilidae family. This study aims to determine the contribution of mangrove forests as a detritus supplier served as food and energy sources of mullet (L. subviridis) on the north coast of South Konawe. The research was carried out for six months from May - October 2011 on the north coast of South Konawe Southeast Sulawesi, covering Landipo Estuaryne waters and Oyster Cape. Data collection of mangrove species at each stationwas was done using Line transect plots with a size of 10 mx 10 m for tree and 5m x 5m for the pups (Bengen 2001). Production of detritus derived from mangrove litter was carried out by inserting as many as 10 grams of leaf litter in litter bags measuring 20 cm x 30 cm made of nylon with a mesh size of 2 mm. Then, the bags were put into other plastic bags with small holes in some parts so the waste products of decomposition in the bag will not go out making calsulation easy. The fish were collected using varying mesh size of monofilament gill nets. Biological parameters measured were feeding habits, condition factor, hepto and Gonado somatic index. Macronutrients of the detritus were determined by proximate analysis. Variations in water chemistry and physics variables were analyzed using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Distribution of detritus production between stations were analyzed using Correspondent Analysis (CA) (Lagendre and Lagendre 1983; Bengen 2000). The results showed that the total energy generated by Rhizophora apiculata detritus was greater than Sonneratia alba detritus. Detritus of Rhizophora apiculata contribute better to the condition factor, Gonado and Hepato-Somatic Index of mullet fish (Liza subviridis) than detritus of Sonneratia alba on the north coast of South Konawe.
Keyword: Southeast Sulawesi, Mangrove Ecosystems, Liza subviridis

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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