Judul: Genetic distance analysis based on ssrs and morphological marker and combining ability analysis for sweet corn development (Zea mays L. Var. Saccharata) hybrid.
Abstrak: The objective of the research were to grouping sweet corn lines resistant to downy mildew, high specific and general combining ability and high heterosis to select parental line to breed single cross hybrid of sweet corn. The first research was done to study genetic variability of 39 sweet corn lines based on SSR and morphological marker to select good parental lines of hybrid sweet corn. There were high genetic variability among genetic material, showed by genetic distance value about 0.18 to 0.78, indicates wide genetic variability of sweet corn. The results shows that among 20 lines having genetic similarity between 0.25 – 0.82 or genetic distance from 0.18 to 0.75; based on morphological trait 0.27 – 1.00. Correlation value between similarity matrix based on SSR and morphology was high on 0.88 of goodness of fit criteria. The aim of second research was to study general combining ability of sweet corn lines for yield and resistant to downy mildew for hybrid varieties improvement. Six of 45 lines having high fresh ear yield per plot and best general combining ability, such as Mr4/SC/BC4-2-1B, Mr4/SC/BC4-6-1B, Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B, Mr11/SC/BC4-4-1B, Mr12/SC/BC4-6-1B, and Mr12/SC/BC3-3-1B. All of testing lines have resistance to downy mildew with severity about 0.0 to 7.1%. The lines having high GCA value would be good combiner to other lines to develop high yielding hybrid sweet corn and resistant to downy mildew. The third research was done to study general and specific combining ability of sweet corn lines and higher heterosis of downy mildew resistance supporting the hybrid corn development. The combination of A x D lines (Mr12/SC/BC4-6-1B x Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B) were medium genetic distance and having highest GCA, heterosis and heterobeltiosis for fresh ear yield per plot character. The D x C combination (Mr11/SC/BC4-2-1B x Mr4/SC/BC4-2-1B) have wide genetic distance and high fresh ear yield per plot, heterosis and heterobeltiosis, but have negative SCA value. The combination of E x C (Mr12/SC/BC3-3-1B x Mr4/SC/BC4-2-1B) have a wide genetic distance but low productivity. The best hybrid is not always obtained from parents with the high genetic distance, but also can be obtained from the low or medium genetic distance as well.
Keyword: Hybrid sweet corn, Zea mays L. var. saccharata, Genetic variability

Judul: Analisis Daya Gabung dan Heterosis Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Bulai (Peronosclerospora maydis) dan Daya Hasil Jagung Manis
Abstrak: Zea mays var. saccharata Sturt. more popular called sweet corn was horticulture crop that have high economic value. This experiment consist of three experiments. First experiment aimed to evaluate 74 sweet corn lines of downy mildew resistance. The result showed that 74 sweet corn lines, had different resistance to downy mildew, 18 lines belonging to medium susceptible and 56 lines belonging to susceptible. Seven lines sweet corn selected with different response to downy mildew disease, the lines were DMST531 (B) 29.95%, DMSG781 (D) 37.00%, DMSC499 (A) 52.80%, DMSS491 (F) 59.15%, DMSE711 (E) 76.65%, DMSK5 (C) 84.35% dan DMSF11 (G) 88.50%. Clustering based on coefficient similiarity 81%, resulted in four cluster, one was lines DMST531, DMSF11, DMSG781 and DMSS491, second was line DMSC499, third was line DMSK5 and fourth was line DMSE711. Second experiment studied combining ability and heterosis for downy mildew (P. maydis) resistance in sweet corn. General combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) values were significant for disease resistant but the resiprocal effect was not significant. Diallel analysis based on disease incidence showed that more negative value was better than positive value. Genotype DMST531 showed more negative GCA value (-1.70) and the combination DMSK5xDMSS491 showed more negative SCA value (-2.11). The combination DMSK5xDMSS491 also showed more negative heterosis (-2.50%) and more negative heterobeltiosis (-2.50%) compared to the others. Additive variance was lower than dominant variance indicating downy mildew resistance is influenced by additive gene action. Third experiment studied combining ability and heterosis for yield and yield component in sweet corn. Resiprocal effect was not significant for all traits, indicating that gene location at nucleus more influential. Specific combining ability (SCA) x enviroment interaction was not significant for all traits, suggesting that screening at one location would be adequate. This experiment showed that non-additive gene action were more important for controlling inheritance of all traits. Genotype DMSG781 were good combiners for yield and yield per plot, genotype DMSE711 for ear diameter, ear rows, plant height and ear height. Genotype DMSF11 good combiners for ear lenght and rendement. Combination DMST531xDMSK5 were the best SCA for yield and yield per plot, DMSC499xDMSS491 for ear length, DMSS491xDMSF11 for ear diameter, DMSE711xDMSS491 for ear rows, DMSE711xDMSK5 for plant height and ear height. Combination DMSC499xDMSS491 have higher heterosis and heterobeltiosis for yield and yield per plot, DMSS491xDMSC499 and DMSK5xDMSE711 for ear lenght, plant height and ear height, DMSS491xDMSF11 for ear diameter, DMSK5xDMSS491 for rendement, DMSS491xDMSE711 for number of rows, DMSG781xDMSC499 for total soluble solid, DMSS491xDMST531 day of tasseling, day of silking and day of harvest.
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Judul: Iklim Pulau Bali
Abstrak: Curah hujan rata-rata bulanan di Bali berkisar antara 47 mm sampai 327 mm, dengan curah hujan maksimum jatuh pada bulan Januari dan minimum pada bulan Agustus. Total hujan setahun rata-rata di Bali 1901 mm. Pada muim angin barat, curah hujan di utara pegunungan relatif sama dengan di selatan pegunungan, sedangkan pada musim angin timur curah hujan di selatan pegunungan lebih tinggi daripada di utara pegunungan. Isohyet tiap bulan di Bali menunjukkan pengaruh ого- grafis terjadi di bagian timur P. Bali yang mengakibatkan di selatan pegunungan lebih basah daripada di di utara pegunungan selama musim kemarau (monsoon timur). Dari isohyet tersebut dapat juga dilihat bahwa potensi air tertinggi ada di bagian timur P. Bali ini khususnya di bawah kaki G. Agung. Musim angin barat di Bali terjadi pada bulan Desember sampai dengan bulan Maret, dan pada bulan April sampai bulan September merupakan musim angin timur. Musim panca roba terjadi pada bulan Oktober sampai bulan November. ..
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