Judul: Efektivitas Inokulasi Isolat Bakteri terhadap Serapan Mineral pada Pedet Peranakan Friesian Holstein Lepas Sapih
Abstrak: Unsur mineral sangat penting dalam metabolisme baik pada tubuh hewan maupun manusia. Unsur mineral esensial makro seperti Ca, Mg, Na, K, dan P diperlukan untuk menyusun struktur tubuh seperti tulang dan gigi, sedangkan unsur mikro seperti Fe, Cu, Zn, Mo, dan I berfungsi untuk aktivitas sistem enzim dan hormon dalam tubuh. Secara alami, mineral esensial makro dan mikro terdapat dalam pakan, akan tetapi kecukupan kandungan mineral tersebut dalam memenuhi kebutuhan ternak tidak selalu tercapai. Kecukupan mineral pada pedet masa peralihan dari periode menyusu ke periode lepas sapih merupakan masalah tersendiri, karena pedet pada periode tersebut harus mampu memanfaatkan nutrien dari pakan padat sedangkan kemampuan pencernaanya masih terbatas. Percernaan fermentatif oleh mikroba rumen sangat menentukan ketersediaan nutrien termasuk mineral dalam periode tersebut. Oleh karena itu, manipulasi percepatan perkembangan mikroba rumen diperkirakan dapat mengubah utilisasi mineral pada periode tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui serapan mineral pada pedet lepas sapih yang disuplementasi mineral dan selama periode menyusu mendapat inokulasi isolat mikroba rumen pencerna serat. Penelitian ini menggunakan sembilan ekor pedet umur dua minggu dengan rataan bobot badan 37,0±5,0 kg. Sebanyak empat ekor pedet mendapat perlakuan inokulasi bakteri dan 5 ekor pedet tanpa inokulasi sebagai kontrol.
Keyword: micro minerals, macro minerals, Ruminal bacteria, dietary minerals, fresh milk and calf starter, calf starter, t-Test

Judul: Status Fisiologis dan Performa Pedet Peranakan Friesian Holstein Lepas Sapih Pasca Inokulasi Bakteri Pencerna Serat dengan Pakan yang Diberi Kobalt
Abstrak: Pedet merupakan ternak muda yang kurang mampu dalam menyesuaikan diri dengan kondisi lingkungannya. Pada periode awal, pencernaan hanya terjadi di dalam alat pencernaan pasca rumen. Pencernaan fermentatif oleh mikroba masih sangat terbatas karena mikroba dalam rumen pedet belum berkembang sempurna sehingga pedet belum mampu memanfaatkan nutrien selain susu. Keterbatasan kemampuan pencernaan fermentatif dapat mempengaruhi konsumsi pakan, produktivitasnya dan kondisi fisiologis nya jika pakan non-susu mulai diberikan sebagai pengganti susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh inokulasi bakteri selama periode menyusu terhadap status fisiologis, pertumbuhan, konsumsi dan kadar Co dalam darah pada pedet peranakan FH lepas sapih. Perlakuan pada periode pra sapih yaitu kontrol (P0) dan pemberian inokulasi isolat bakteri pencerna serat (P1). Selama periode pra sapih pedet diberi susu dan calf starter. Pada saat memasuki periode lepas sapih, inokulasi isolat bakteri pencerna serat dihentikan. Kedua kelompok pedet mendapatkan pakan pertumbuhan yang sama dan disuplementasi Co. Pedet dipelihara di dalam kandang individu beralaskan kayu dengan peralatan berupa wadah pakan, wadah minum, stopwatch, timbangan, dan termometer digital. Setiap pagi dan sore, pedet diberi makan dan minum ad libitum. Suhu dan kelembaban kandang diukur setiap hari pagi dan sore. Setiap minggu pada pagi dan sore hari, dilakukan pengukuran terhadap suhu rektal, laju respirasi, dan denyut jantung. Data hasil pengamatan dibandingkan secara statistik menggunakan t-Test.
Keyword: weather condition, digestive system, rumen bacteria, feed's fibre component, physiological status, Physiological response, rectal temperature, respiration rate

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite