Judul: Infrastructure Development Priorities by Developmental Region Approach as An Effort on Poverty Alleviation in East Nusa Tenggara Province
Abstrak: Kemiskinan merupakan masalah yang erat dengan perekonomian dan kesejahteraan di suatu wilayah. Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur merupakan salah satu wilayah di Indonesia yang masih relatif lambat dalam proses pengentasan kemiskinan. Kemiskinan yang masih relatif tinggi di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur perlu mendapat penanganan melalui percepatan pembangunan di berbagai sektor dan instrumen, termasuk infrastruktur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami pengaruh beberapa infrastruktur terhadap tingkat kemiskinan, serta merumuskan rekomendasi kebijakan yang dapat diambil oleh pemerintah terkait prioritas pembangunan beberapa infrastruktur seperti jalan, listrik, fasilitas kesehatan, dan fasilitas pendidikan di Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur serta wilayah pembangunan di dalamnya. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu analisis deskriptif dan analisis kuantitatif regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap wilayah memiliki pengaruh infrastruktur yang berbeda terhadap kemiskinan, sehingga menghasilkan rekomendasi kebijakan yang berbeda pula bagi setiap wilayah pembangunan., Poverty is a problem that closely related to the economy and welfare of a region. The province of East Nusa Tenggara is one of the regions in Indonesia that is still relatively slow in progressing the poverty alleviation. The relatively high poverty rate in East Nusa Tenggara Province needs to be addressed through accelerated development in various sectors and instruments, including infrastructure. This study aims to understand the effect of several infrastructures on poverty levels, as well as formulate policy recommendations that can be taken by the government regarding the development priorities of several infrastructure such as roads, electricity, health facilities and educational facilities in East Nusa Tenggara Province and its developmental regions. The analysis method used is descriptive analysis and quantitative analysis of panel data regression with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach. The results of the regression show that each developmental region has a different effect of infrastructure on poverty, resulting in different policy recommendations for each developmental region.
Keyword: developmental region, infrastructure, panel data, poverty

Judul: Analysis of Determinants of Poverty in Underdeveloped Regions in Sumatra Island
Abstrak: Pulau Sumatra memiliki kinerja ekonomi yang baik bila mengacu pada kontribusi terhadap PDB Nasional. Namun Pulau Sumatra masih memiliki tujuh daerah tertinggal. Kondisi ini diperparah dengan persentase penduduk miskin yang sangat tinggi di tiap daerah tertinggal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memetakan perkembangan kemiskinan daerah tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra dengan menggunakan tipologi Klassen, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Daerah Tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra dengan metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasil analisis pemetaan yang dilakukan dengan tipologi klassen menunjukkan Kabupaten Nias Utara konsisten berada di kuadran dengan persentase kemiskinan tinggi dan PDRB per kapita rendah selama periode penelitian. Sedangkan mayoritas kabupaten lainnya berpindah posisi kuadran. Hasil analisis regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan kemiskinan adalah Panjang jalan dengan kondisi baik, IPM, Belanja modal dan PDRB per kapita. Sementara tingkat pengangguran terbuka (TPT) berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan kemiskinan. Sedangkan belanja bantuan sosial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan daerah tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra., Sumatra Island has shown a strong economic performance in terms of its contribution to the national GDP. However, the island still has seven underdeveloped regions. This situation is further exacerbated by a high percentage of poverty in each of these underdeveloped areas. This research aims to map the progress of poverty in these underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island using the Klassen typology, and to analyze the faktors influencing poverty in these regions through panel data regression analysis. The mapping analysis conducted using the Klassen typology consistently places North Nias Regency in the quadrant with a high poverty percentage and low per capita gross regional domestic product (PDRB) throughout the study period. Meanwhile, most other regencies have shifted their quadrant positions. The panel data regression analysis results indicate that significant faktors reducing poverty include the length of well-maintained roads, the Human Development Index (HDI), capital expenditure, and per capita PDRB. On the other hand, the open unemployment rate (TPT) significantly increases poverty. Social assistance spending does not have an effect on poverty in the underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island
Keyword: Determinants of poverty, panel data regression, Sumatra Island, Underdeveloped Regions

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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