Judul: Development of Gambier agroindustry in Lima Puluh Kota Regency, West Sumatra
Abstrak: Gambier is one of some important estate commodities in Indonesia, and Indonesia has been the highest world’s gambier producer since long time ago. Gambier is produced mainly in West Sumatera Province, especially in Lima Puluh Kota Regency and Pesisir Selatan Regency. The main producers of gambier in Lima Puluh Kota Regency are Kapur IX, Pangkalan Kotobaru and Bukit Barisan Sub-districts. Eventhough Indonesia is the most important gambier producer in the world, gambier farmers in the production centers in Indonesia have not obtained maximum benefits from gambier business yet, and gambier agroindustry had not been experiencing significant development for almost two centuries. The aims of this study were to map the gambier agroindustry condition, to identify the needs and potencies for gambier agroindustry development in the future, to obtain the formulation of the development proposed and to estimate the benefits of the improvement proposed. The tools used for this study were the THIO Analysis, the SWOT Analysis, Porter’s Diamond Model, Interpretive Structural Modeling, Analytical Hierarchy Process, transportation cost model and added value concept. The results of study showed that the main problem faced by gambier agroindustry are very limiting market and high dependency to India due to low product quality and weak institution in gambier business. To solve those problems, the first strategic step is establishing catechin and tannin industry supported by institutional strengthening through industrial cluster development. Catechin and tannin industry proposed can be developed by the establishment of fixed plants and the use of mobile gambier processing units. Both fixed plant and mobile unit for catechin and tannin processing were feasible with 135.99 and 527.14 oz of gold NPV, 1.16 and 1.39 B/C ratios, 6.58 and 2.73 year payback periods respectively. At the 1 to 10 % export conversion of raw gambier to catechin and tannin, the added value from catechin and tannin industry development can contribute to the community as 0.9 - 9 IDR billion per annum for the workforces and 9 - 90 IDR billion for the farmers proportional with their share of 1% to 10% in the industry.
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Judul: Kajian Tekno Ekonomi Pendirian Industri Katekin dan Tanin dari Gambir (Uncaria gambir Roxb).
Abstrak: Gambier is a dried extract from the leaves and twigs of Uncaria gambier (Hunter) Roxb plants. Gambier is one of Indonesian export products which generates foreign exchange for the country. The most demanded component are catechins and tannins. In general, catechin are used in pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and beverage industry. Tannins are widely used as leather tanning, industrial adhesives, industrial paint and dye. The potential demand of catechins and tannins are calculated based on the demand of potential users of multiple products. Based on the calculation, the catechin and tannin potential market involve around 1.090 tons per year for catechin and 207 tons per year for tannin. That amounts are estimated values of some product users, so the potential market value of catechin and tannins is greater. The purpose of this study is to assess the feasibility of the establishment of catechin and tannin industry. The scope of research includes studies of market and marketing, technical and technological, management, environment and legality, and financial aspects. The catechin and tannin industry is planned to be located in Bogor Ciawi considering the conditions that supports of infrastructure, human resource availability, ease of access to markets and production support facilities. Factory production capacity is 10,9 tons of catechin per year and 24,51 tons of tannin. Raw materials that used are gambier from the Lima Puluh Kota regency which has a stable supply of raw materials. This industry needs 40 workers with their respective job descriptions. It produces wastes in solid, liquid, and gas, but the numbers are relatively small and still below the threshold standard for the environment. The amount of investment needed is Rp Rp12.079.053.600,- consist of fixed investment cost Rp 8.374.740.000,- and working capital cost Rp 3.704.313.600,-. The NPV value is Rp 67.196.856.477, -. The IRR is 86,11 percent. The Net value of B / C is 6,56.The Payback period is 1,62 years. The financial analysis showed that the industry is feasible to set up.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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