Judul: Green city model of Bandung Regency West Java
Abstrak: Urban development in Bandung Regency has been responsible for the urban heat island effect and increased of air temperature due to increased CO2 emissions from motor vehicles, human population and industries. Other then these, urban heat island was also caused by increasing built ups and declining green open spaces leading to decreased albedo while in turn raised the air temperature. Urban heat island should be managed through studying the related variables. The purpose of this study was to assess the heat island city and create a green city model. This green city model is expected to be the basis to make policy for green growth based development to create Bandung regency as a green city. The research was conducted by collecting secondary data (socio-economic conditions, number of vehicles, industry, population), and primary data through field’s measurements of micro climate, crowns density, quantities of motor vehicles, direct interviews with residents of Bandung Regency, and analyzing the distribution of air temperature. The results of this research, especially the study of the conditions of heat island effect, indicated that Bandung Regency has experiencing urban heat island effect, where the air temperature in urban centers (27,0 °C) were higher than in rural areas (20,0 °C). The difference between the highest and lowest air temperature was 7 °C. The research also suggested that higher percentage of land built ups would result in lower percentage of green open spaces, thus higher CO2 emissions which would caused an increase of areas with high temperature. Research Area I has the highest percentage (60%) of develop area and the lowest percentage (29%) of green open space and also high CO2 emissions (503,987 tons CO2/year). This causes the region has most extensive area (161.59 ha) with high temperature (air temperature > 27 º C) in comparison with Research Area II and III. Urban heat island problems can be solved by building a green open space. Based on the measurements of micro climate in several types of green open space, it can be concluded that green open spaces including urban forest are very important in overcoming urban heat island, because they can lower the air temperature. Urban forest is known to be more effective in resolving urban heat island issues than any other types of green open spaces. Based on the results of simulations model, green scenarios can be used as a tool to determine alternative policies to address urban heat island issue. Green scenario could hold back the occurrence of ≥30°C air temperature. The temperature would occur on 2054 in Research Area I, after 2058 in Research Area II, and on 2056 in Research Area III. Although the factors which influence heat island had been well managed (using green scenario), nevertheless urban areas which already had high percentage of developed area, low percentage of green open space, and high CO2 emissions, would still generate a condition of ≥30°C air temperature on a faster rate (for example Research Area I).
Keyword: 

Judul: Determination of Green Open Space Priority based on Urban Heat Island in Bandar Lampung Area
Abstrak: Tingginya laju urbanisasi yang didorong oleh meningkatnya populasi penduduk tiap tahun, terjadi di wilayah Kota Bandar Lampung. Peningkatan populasi tersebut akan berdampak pada konversi lahan kawasan vegetasi menjadi lahan pemukiman. Ketidakseimbangan antara kawasan vegetasi dan pemukiman, akan memengaruhi perubahan suhu yang memicu pertumbuhan Urban Heat Island (UHI). Penelitian bertujuan memberikan rekomendasi lokasi prioritas dalam pengembangan ruang terbuka hijau sebagai upaya mengurangi efek fenomena UHI. Metode yang digunakan bersifat kuantitatif-deduktif menggunakan analisis remote sensing dari citra Landsat 8. Hasil analisis spasial dari penentuan prioritas ruang terbuka hijau menunjukkan nilai NDVI sebagai aspek biologis yang cenderung tinggi pada wilayah sekitar urban sebesar 0,51-0,82 di tahun 2021. Aspek fisik yang dilihat dari Land Surface Temperature yang mengalami peningkatan sebesar 0,8 °C di tahun 2015 menuju 2018, penurunan sebesar 2,6 °C di tahun 2018 menuju 2021. Aspek sosial dilihat dari pertambahan penduduk yang meningkat sebesar 2,16% selama 7 tahun. Hasil penggabungan antara 3 aspek biologis yaitu NDVI, fisik yaitu LST, dan sosial yaitu kepadatan penduduk menghasilkan nilai MOORA tertinggi sebesar 7,2%, menunjukkan wilayah prioritas utama penambahan RTH sebesar 415 Ha terletak di Kecamatan Tanjung Karang Timur., The high urbanisation rate, driven by the increasing population every year, occurs in the Bandar Lampung City area. The increase in population will impact the conversion of vegetated area into residential area. The imbalance between vegetation and the residential regions will affect temperature stability which triggers the growth of Urban Heat Island (UHI). This study aims to determinate the priority locations in the development of green open spaces as an effort to reduce the effect of the UHI phenomenon. This study delivers spatial information related to the UHI phenomenon. The research method is deductive-quantitative using remote sensing analysis from Landsat 8 imagery. The spatial analysis results of the determination of green open space priorities show that the NDVI value as a biological aspect tends to be high in urban, from 0.51-0.82 in 2021. The physical part of the Land Surface Temperature has increased by 0,8°C from 2015 to 2018, and decreased by 2,6°C from 2018 to 2021. The social aspect looked at population growth with an increase of 2.16% for seven years. Combining these three aspects, NDVI as a biological aspect, LST as a physical aspect, and population growth as a social aspect get results in the highest score of MOORA with the value of 7,2% in the main priority areas for the addition of 415 Ha of green open spaces is located in the Tanjung Karang Timur District.
Keyword: population density, vegetation density, urban heat island, green open space, land surface temperature

Judul: Isolasi komponen hemotoksin bisa ular kobra (Naja naja sputatrix)
Abstrak: Elisa ular adalah racun yang diproduksi oleh kelenjar bisa dan digunakan ular untuk mempertahankan dinat mencari mangsa. Bisa ini merupakan campuran dari berbagai komponen. Enzim adalah kompoth utama selain air. Enzim pada bisa ular sangat beragam jenis dan fungsinya. Fosfolipase dan arginin ipadase adalah enzim yang sering terdapat dalam bisa ular dan telah digunakan pada penanganan penyak seperti trombosis Penttian ini bertujuan mengisolasi komponen dari bisa ular kobra dan mengujinya menggunakan sel darah merah sapi 4% untuk aktivitas hemolisis dan bekuan fibrin sapi untuk aktivitas fibrinolisis. Uji aktivitas dilakukan terhadap ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom bisa ular. Fraksi kolom diperoleh dari pemurutan ekstrak kasar menggunakan kromatografi filtrasi gel (Sephadex G-75) untuk memperoleh fraksa paksu dengan serapan tertinggi pada A. 280 nm. Ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom dengan serapan tertinggi dilakukan pengukuran kandungan protein, Fraksi aktif hasil uji aktivitas selanjutnya ditentukan berat molekulnya (BM) dengan elektroforesis SDS PAGE. Basaglar kobra merupakan cairan pekat berwarna kuning dengan kadar air 71.45%. Dari hasil uji aktivitas diperoleh bisa ular hanya memiliki aktivitas hemolisis sel darah merah sapi secara langsung. Aktivitas ini ditunjukkan oleh fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 tetapi tidak dalam ekstrak kasar. Penurunan konsentrasi ekstrak kasar tidak mempengaruhi terhadap adanya aktivitas hemolisis. Hal ini diduga karena mungkin terdapat inhibitor dalam ekstrak kasar bisa. Inhibitor memiliki BM yang berbeda dengan enzim hemalisis sehingga dapat dipisahkan menggunakan filtrasi gel. Berdasarkan hasil elektroforesis diperolch enzim bemolisis terdapat dalam ekstrak kasar dan tersebar pada fraksi kolom nomor 15 dan 16 dengan BM sekitar 27300 Da
Keyword: