Judul: Correlating mariculture and household income generation: a case of panggang island initiative
Abstrak: Aquaculture has an important role in reducing poverty and ensuring food security, particularly within coastal areas. Kepulauan Seribu is a part of the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, but it experiences severe losses due to pollution and environmental degradation. In fact, Kepulauan Seribu not only has the lowest Human Development Index (HDI) but also the highest poverty rate, compared to other areas in Jakarta. In order to improve the local community's welfare while conserve marine ecosystem, the local government and Center for Coastal and Marine Resources Studies (CCMRS-IPB) initiated a project called sea farming in Panggang Island, Kepulauan Seribu. Sea farming is a mariculture-based project to create sustainable marine resource management. This study has two main objectives that include the following: (1) to identify which factors determine household participation in the project activities; and (2) to describe the project contribution to poverty alleviation by analyzing its impacts on household income generation as well as describing benefits and constraints of the project subjectively felt by community members particularly the participants. To address the research objectives, a survey of project participants (as the treatment group) and non-participants (as the control group) in the community was carried out. Two different sampling techniques were employed to select both groups. Stratified random sampling technique was employed to select the treatment group, while convenience sampling technique was employed to select the control group. Quantitative data on household incomeand other socioeconomic characteristics were evaluated using statistical techniques to identify the determinants of sea farming participation and the impacts of the project to household income generation. In addition, survey responses to open-ended questions were analyzed to describe benefits and constraints of the project subjectively felt by community members particularly for the participants. The determinants of sea farming participation were analyzed using probit model. The model shows that education, occupation, household size, and organization member are significant factors in influencing household decision to participate in the project. It also shows that all significant factors are reducing the probability of one person to participate in the project which is different from the initial hypothesis. This results indicates that the project is more attractive for those whom are less educated, have primary occupation not as a fisherman, have less household members, and less involvement in non-sea farming organization. It implies that the project manager and local government should socialize the objectives and positive impacts of the project effectively to attract the fishermen as the main beneficiaries. The impacts of sea farming to household income generation were analyzed using OLS regression. The model shows that sea farming participation, age, organization member, and mobile phone ownership are variables that have significant relationship to the total income. Almost all significant variables are positively related to total income except age. Sea farming participation gives the highest contribution to total income. It increased the total income by Rp14.6 million per period, ceteris paribus, at 1 percent significance level. The model indicates that the project successfully increase household income. It also shows networking is another important aspect for local community to increase their income. It implies that project manager
Keyword: sea farming, mariculture, poverty, Panggang Island

Judul: Matchmaking Projects with Communities: Analysing whether Livelihood Improvement Initiatives Meet the Needs and Constraints of Poor Fishers in West Sumatra
Abstrak: Despite a fast growing economy, many Indonesians still live in poverty or are vulnerable to falling into poverty. Fishing is an economic sector closely associated with poverty and there has been a range of initiatives aimed at improving livelihoods and reducing poverty amongst poor fishers. Concerns remain that these initiatives have failed to target the right people in the right way. In response to this concern, this research based in the province of West Sumatra uses interviews in 25 fishing communities, coupled with secondary data, to evaluate; 1) the sectors of the fishing industry that the poor operate in and what the relationship is between poverty and fishing, 2) the factors that enable or constrain their livelihoods and 3) whether livelihood improvement programs address these factors. The analysis highlights that poor fishers are growing in number and are mainly labourers, small boat owners and small-scale processors/traders. Poverty in fishing is not significantly correlated with fishing dependency but is significantly correlated with poverty in the agricultural sector. Fishing is a poor economic sector, but incidences of poverty are less when other economic sectors, for example the service and financial sector, are strong. Thirty one enabling and constraining factors were identified and grouped according to six asset categories. Interviews with 151 households from a variety of backgrounds in two fishing communities were analysed using multi-dimensional scaling. Vessel owners possess higher physical, financial and human capital than crew members but that there was no difference in the natural, social and institutional fields. Institutional support across all sectors scored poorly. Government programs tend to bridge the gap between crew members and owners by providing physical capital without necessarily addressing the underlying financial and human capital limitations that labourers face. The research concludes with an explanation of the main routes out of poverty for a poor fisher and recommendations and how future livelihood improvement programs can better address the needs and constraints of the poor.
Keyword: Poverty alleviation, Alternative livelihoods, Small-scale fisheries, Multi-dimensional scaling (MDS)

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf