Judul: Studi Distribusi Benih Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio L) dari Petani Sampai dengan Pasar Ikan Cibaraja di Kecamatan Ciasaat, Kabupaten Sukabumi, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Benih ikan mas ukuran individu 1-3 cm yang dihasilkan petani pembenih di Kecamatan Cisaat, 3,27 % ditanam kembali di sawah atau kolamnya, sedangkan 96,73 % dijual , yang distribusinya adalah 12,34 % dijual kepada tengkulak balong, 76,21 % dijual kepada tengkulak pasar dan 8,18 % dijual petani langsung kepada konsumen pemakai benih yang ada di Pasar Ikan Cibaraja. Yang diterima tengkulak balong sebesar 12,34 itu, disalurkan kepada tengkulak pasar yang beroperasi di Pasar Ikan Cibaraja sebesar 3,7 % dan dijual sendiri di pasar ikan tersebut sebesar 8,64 %.
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Judul: Keragaan Pemasaran Benih Ikan Mas di Kecamatan Sukaluyu, Kabupaten Cianjur, Propinsi Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Salah satu jenis ikan ekonomis penting dan digemari oleh masyarakat Jawa Barat adalah Ikan Mas (Cyprinus carpio). Dengan dibukanya areal jaring apung di beberapa kawasan Cianjur mendorong penduduk untuk melakukan usaha pembenihan ikan. terutama Ikan Mas. Kecamatan Sukaluyu meru~akansa lah satu daerah baru yang memulai usaha pembenihan ikan setelah dibukanya jaring apung di kecamatan tersebut (tahun 1997). Keragaan Pemasaran Benih Ikan Mas di Kecamatan Sukaluyu, Kabupaten Cianjur meupakan bahan yang akan dikaji dalam penelitian ini, termasuk sistem pemasarannya. Untuk mempelajari sistem pemasaran Benih Ikan Mas dilakukan pendekatan serba fungsi, analisa kuantitatif, dan informasi tentang lembaga pendukung pemasaran. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh di dalam pemasaran Benih Ikan Mas, mengetahui fungsi pemasaran dan peranan lembaga pemasaran yang berpengaruh terhadap keragaan pemasaran di Kecamatan Sukaluyu, serta mengetahui besamya marjin pemasaran, keuntungan pemasaran, rasio keuntungan dan biaya pemasaran, serta faktor-faktor pembentuknya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi proses pemasaran Benih Ikan Mas di Kecamatan Sukaluyu antarara lain kualitas produk, biaya pemasaran, rantai pemasaran, informasi pasar, jarak dan kondisi wilayah, alat transportasi serta keterikatan modal petani terhadap pedagang perantara. Terjadi Perbedaan harga penjualan yang cukup besar pada petani pembenihan mempengaruhi harga akhir di jaring apung. Rantai pemasaran yang pendek dan ketidakterikatan pada pedagang peranatara membantu petani pembenihan mendapatkan tingkat haga yang sesuai. Marjin pemasaran serta rasio keuntungan dengan biaya pemasaran tertinggi untuk benih Ikan Mas yang paling banyak dipasarkan (Ikan Putihan) terjadi pada bandar, dengan nilai marjin Rp 3.683,30 per kg dan nilai rasio keuntungan dan biaya pemasaran 1,135. Kondisi ini akibat dari harga dan biaya pembelian benih yang rendah.
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Judul: Glucose biosensor using a glucose dehydrogenase flavin adenine dinucleotide electrochemically immobilized on zeolite nanoparticles
Abstrak: A glucose biosensor was developed to measure blood glucose levels. The performance of these new glucose biosensors was continuously improved, producing better performance and stability. The technique selection and immobilization matrix are key factors for biosensor development, so that the prospecting of materials that can be used as a matrix for supporting enzyme, continue to be explore. The purpose of this study was to determine the activity and stability of the enzyme glucose dehydrogenase (GDH) that were immobilized on zeolite nanoparticles (NPZ) and determine the kinetic parameters and analytical performance by electrochemical methods. The resulting enzyme electrode with NPZ and enzyme electrode with zeolite A showed a high activity against the enzyme electrode glucose than without NPZ. The reaction kinetics of third electrodes of enzyme followed the Dixon equation. The 𝐼����𝑚����𝑎����𝑥����𝑎����𝑝����𝑝���� values for enzyme electrode without NPZ, with NPZ, and with zeolite A were 27.25 μA, 77.52 μA, and 48.54 μA, respectively. The 𝐾����𝑀����𝑎����𝑝����𝑝���� values for GDH enzyme that immobilized on the NPZ were 1.16 mM, 12.30 mM for GDH enzyme that immobilized on zeolite A and 0.95 mM for GDH enzyme immobilization without NPZ. The enzyme electrode without NPZ, with NPZ, and with zeolite A also showed a high sensitivity with value for the sensitivity were 0.58 μA mM-1, 0.81 μA mM-1, and 2.51 μA mM-1, respectively. The third enzyme electrodes showed different linear area with range for the enzyme electrode without NPZ, with NPZ and with zeolite A were 1.00-15.00 mM, 2.00-20.00 mM, and 0.06-10.00 mM, respectively. The blood glucose level of normal person ranged from 4 to 6 mM, so that the enzyme electrode with NPZ and without NPZ are suitable for use in the determination of the concentration of blood glucose. While the enzyme electrode with zeolite A has a smaller range so it is more suitable to use in the determination of glucose concentration in the foods or beverages. The enzyme electrode with NPZ and the enzyme electrode with zeolite A showed a good accuracy with relative error values were 3.84% and3.48%, respectively. Repeatability measurements also showed a good precission results with relative standard deviation values (%RSD) for the enzyme electrode with NPZ and enzyme electrode with zeolite A were 3.83% and 3.16%, respectively. By combining two immobilization techniques, physical adsorption on zeolite and entrapment on carbon paste, high enzymatic activity, good accuracy, and repeatability was attained. The enzyme electrode with NPZ and the enzyme electrode with zeolite A demonstrated a good electrochemical response toward glucose, allowing it to detect blood glucose levels and glucose levels in foods and beverages.
Keyword: glucose biosensor, immobilization, zeolite