Judul: Comparison of Price Volatility between Beef and Cooking Oil Based on Product Quality in Jember Regency
Abstrak: Kabupaten Jember merupakan kota dengan tingkat inflasi tertinggi di Jawa Timur. Inflasi tertinggi berasal dari sektor makanan. Komoditas pangan memiliki beberapa jenis kualitas dan pola harga yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan volatilitas harga daging sapi dan minyak goreng berdasarkan kualitas produk di Kabupaten Jember. Data yang digunakan adalah harga harian rata-rata daging sapi kualitas 1, daging sapi kualitas 2, minyak goreng curah, dan minyak goreng kualitas bermerek 1 yang bersumber dari Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis Nasional (PIHPSN). Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah Coefficient of variation (CV) untuk melihat fluktuasi harga dan model ARCH-GARCH untuk menganalisis volatilitas harga. Model VAR digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh volatilitas harga berdasarkan kualitas dalam satu komoditas. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan volatilitas harga daging sapi kualitas 1 dan minyak goreng kualitas bermerek 1 lebih bervolatil dan ada transmisi volatilitas harga daging sapi dan minyak goreng berdasarkan kualitas produk., Jember Regency is a city with the highest inflation rate in East Java. The highest inflation comes from the food sector. Food commodities have different types of quality and price patterns. This research aims to compare the price volatility of beef and cooking oil based on product quality in Jember Regency. The data used consists of the average daily prices of quality 1 beef, quality 2 beef, bulk cooking oil, and branded cooking oil sourced from the National Strategic Food Price Information Center (PIHPSN). The analysis method used is the Coefficient of Variation (CV) to observe price fluctuations and the ARCH-GARCH model to analyze price volatility. The Vector Autoregression (VAR) model is used to analyze the influence of price volatility based on quality within each commodity. The research results indicate that the price volatility of grade 1 beef and branded grade 1 cooking oil is higher and there is transmission of price volatility between beef and cooking oil based on product quality.
Keyword: ARCH GARCH, harga, kualitas, VAR, volatilitas

Judul: Analysis of National Strategic Food Price Volatility and Its Effect on Inflation
Abstrak: Pangan merupakan kebutuhan primer yang harus terjaga stabilitas harganya. Beberapa periode terakhir harga sejumlah komoditas pangan strategis mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat volatilitas harga minyak goreng, beras, cabai merah, bawang merah dan bawang putih serta pengaruhnya terhadap inflasi. Data yang digunakan adalah data harga kelima komoditas yang diperoleh dari Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis dan data inflasi diperoleh dari Bank Indonesia. Analisis yang dilakukan yakni Coefficient of Variation untuk melihat disparitas harga di seluruh provinsi di Indonesia dan pemodelan ARCH-GARCH untuk menganalisis volatilitas. Error Correction Model digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh volatilitas harga pangan terhadap inflasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat disparitas harga pangan antar waktu dan antar wilayah di Indonesia. Volatilitas harga kelima komoditas terjadi pada data harga tingkat nasional dan pada sejumlah wilayah amatan. Volatilitas harga minyak goreng serta beras berpengaruh signifkan terhadap inflasi pada jangka panjang. Sementara pada jangka pendek, volatilitas harga cabai merah dan volatilitas bawang merah bulan sebelumnya signifikan mempengaruhi tingkat inflasi, Food is a primary necessity that requires accessibility and price stability. In recent periods, the prices of some strategic food commodities have increased. The aim of this research is to analyze the level of price volatility of cooking oil, rice, red chili, shallots, and garlic, as well as their effect on inflation. The data used include the prices of these five commodities obtained from the Strategic Food Price Information Center and the inflation rate data obtained from the Bank of Indonesia. The analysis conducted includes the Coefficient of Variation to observe price disparities across all provinces in Indonesia and the ARCH-GARCH modeling to analyze volatility. The Error Correction Model is used to analyze the effect of food price volatility on inflation. The results show that price disparities occurs over time and across regions in Indonesia. Volatility in the prices of these five commodities occurs both at the national price level and in some observed regions. The price volatility of cooking oil and rice has a significant long-term effect on inflation. Meanwhile, in the short term, price volatility of red chili and shallots from the previous month have a significant effect on the inflation rate.
Keyword: ARCH-GARH, ECM, inflasi, pangan, volatilitas

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4