Judul: Pra – Perlakuan Air Sungai sebagai Air Baku dengan Teknologi Fixed Bed Reactor
Abstrak: Quality of raw water (river water) is decreasing, as result of industrial and domestic wastes discharge into river without any treatment. Therefore, pre-treatment is needed to improve the raw water quality. An alternative for pre-treatment of the raw water is fixed bed reactor (FBR) system, in which organic substances can be removed biologically.In this experiment, an FBR was used to reduce concentrations of organic, ammonia, total suspended solid (TSS), color and turbidity in raw water. Three type of media were used namely honeycomb tube type made of plastic,recycled plastic bottled of drinking water and pumice. The system is equipped with circulator and aerator to support the microorganism growth on the media surface as biofilms.The experiments were conducted at HRT (Hydraulic Retention Time) between 1–4 hours. HRT of 3 hours was found to be optimum for the reactor with recycled plastic bottled of drinking water with removal efficiency of organic, ammonia, total suspended solid (TSS), color and turbidity are 70%, 61%, 66%, 67% and 63% respectively. With the use of fixed bed reactor is able to reduce the need of PAC to 0.07 mL and save production cost on WTP Cihideung for Rp90 720 000.00 /month.
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Judul: Peningkatan kualitas air baku menggunakan teknologi fixed bed reactor dengan media batu apung
Abstrak: The quality of raw water in Indonesia has been in generall decreasing due to incresed environmental pollution. It is becoming a serious problem in processing the raw water into clean water that can later be used as drinking water. Therefore, pre-treatment is in some cases needed to facilitate the production of clean water. An alternative for pre-treatment of the raw water is the fixed bed reactor system, in which organic substances can be removed biologically. This research work is aimed to evaluate the possibilities to pre-treat the raw water using a fixed bed system filled by pumice. The system is equipped with circulator and aerator to support the microorganism growth on the media surface as biofilms. Pumice stone is choosed as the growth media of microorganisms due to its high porosity, availability and stability. The presence of organic and inorganic material in raw water, will be held in the media layer of pumice that formed biofilms.The experimnts were conducted at various contact times. Results show that organic matter and TSS (Total Suspended Solids) can be removed by approximately 33 % and 69%, respectivey. This may result in decreasing chemical consumption in coagulation/flocculation of the raw water.
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Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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