Judul: Economic Empowerment of Poor Vegetable Farmer (A Case Study at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur, Nunukan Subdistrict, Nunukan Regency, East Kalimantan Province)
Abstrak: A process of paradigm shift in development, from centralistic to decentralistic, resting on local potency and resources has occurred since post New Order. With the presence of this shift it didn’t directly indicate a significant shift of society’s economic social condition. Likewise similarly it occurred at Nunukan Regency, the development process carried out is supposed to be still less participative, where it more prioritized the development of governmental glorious infrastructure than social welfare development. In fact, at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur there are still several poor-categorized societies. The efforts conducted by government in handling a poverty problem at Nunukan are by doing an establishment of farmer groups as a measure to change the pattern of the society’s livelihood means depending on the forest and by reducing the number of existing poor people, specially at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur. The existing problem associated with this farmer group is in fact with the available assistance, the vegetable farmers can not yet increase their earnings optimally, due to the limitation of their knowledge and skills. The objectives of this study are to understand the characteristic of poor vegetable farmer, problem and cause factor and to formulate a strategy that can be developed to improve the vegetable farmer’s earning with the establishment of farmer group. This study has been carried out in three stages, those are social mapping, program evaluation, and field study with the focus of designing the strategy and program of poor vegetable farmer’s empowerment at Kelurahan Nunukan Timur. The study method used is a qualitative method. The data collecting technique used is the observation of role participating and deep interview, documentary study and focus group discussion (FGD). FGD has been conducted with the poor vegetable farmers and stakeholders available. The arranging of program design has been performed in participative with stages, those are to discuss and determine the problem faced and the problem becoming a priority, analyzing internal and external factors as well as conducting an aspiration excavating in arranging the design of society’s development program. The results of study indicate that the economic empowerment program of poor vegetable farmer s that has been formulated is the Improvement Program of human resource capacity and farmer group, divided into 2 (two) sub-programs, those are for farmer individual and farmer group, with activities in the forms of assistance, providing for free fertilizer and seeds, simple group dynamics, management training and socialization with third party (LSM and private). The success of this program implementation highly depends on the participation of poor vegetable farmers as well as the support of the stakeholders available.
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Judul: Forest Farmer Group Development Model for Sustainable  Well-Being in Kampar Regency
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan sumber daya hutan yang berkelanjutan dapat membantu mengurangi kemiskinan di negara berkembang, termasuk Indonesia, terutama melalui kelompok masyarakat pedesaan seperti kelompok tani hutan (KTH). Namun, kemampuan KTH dalam mengelola sumber daya hutan masih rendah, yang berdampak pada penurunan kinerja mereka, seperti yang terlihat pada KTH di Kabupaten Kampar. Berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya, penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan KTH berdasarkan aspek kelola kelembagaan, kelola kawasan, dan kelola usaha. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi kinerja KTH dalam mencapi kesejahteraan dan membangun model pengembangan KTH. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Kampar dengan melibatkan 193 responden menggunakan metode sensus. Analisis data menggunakan teknik Partial Least Squares-Structural Equation Modeling (PLS SEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aspek kelola usaha memiliki pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kesejahteraan KTH di Kabupaten Kampar, diikuti oleh aspek kelola kelembagaan dan aspek kelola kawasan. Model pengembangan KTH melibatkan peningkatan indikator kunci dalam setiap aspek, seperti keterlibatan KTH dalam program-program pemerintah/non-pemerintah/organisasi lain, pemanfaatan wilayah kelola kelompok secara tepat, dan penambahan modal usaha, sebagai langkah kunci untuk mencapai pengelolaan yang produktif, mandiri, sejahtera, dan berkelanjutan., Sustainable forest resource utilization can alleviate poverty in developing countries, including Indonesia, mainly by rural community groups like forest farmer groups (KTH). However, the capacity of KTH to manage forest resources is still low, leading to a decline in their well-being, exemplified in KTH in Kampar Regency. Unlike previous studies, this research focuses on developing KTH based on institutional, area management, and business aspects. The objective of the study is to analyze the factors influencing KTH’s well-being and build a development model for KTH. The research was conducted in Kampar Regency with 193 respondents using a census method. Data analysis used the Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. The study’s findings reveal that business management significantly influences KTH’s well-being in Kampar Regency, followed by institutional and area management aspects. The development model for KTH involves enhancing key indicators in each aspect, such as KTH’s involvement in government/non-government organizations/other institution programs, appropriate area utilization, and increased business capital, as key steps to achieve a productive, self-reliant, prosperous, and sustainable management.
Keyword: Area, Business development, Forest farmer group, Institutional, Poverty alleviation

Judul: Gambaran darah ikan mas Cyprinus carpio yang terinfeksi koi herpes virus
Abstrak: Iak memiliki sistem pertahanan tubuh untuk melawan berbagai macam penyakit. Pertahanan tubuh ikan terbagi 2 sistem yaitu pertahanan non-spesifik yang terdiri atas kulit, sisik, lendir dan darah dan pertahanan spesifik yaitu antibodi. Darah adalah cairan tubuh, yang berfungsi mengangkut oksigen, makanan dan hormon ke seluruh jaringan agar semua sel dapat berjalan sesuai fungsinya.
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