Judul: Evaluation of Probiotic from Lactic Acid  Bacteria of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) on Feed Metabolizable Energy  and Bacterial Population of Broiler Chicken
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh pemberian probiotik bakteri asam laktat asal larva BSF dengan konsentrasi yang berbeda terhadap metabolisme zat makanan dan populasi bakteri usus pada ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan 5 ulangan. Ternak yang digunakan adalah ayam broiler strain ross sebanyak 150 ekor yang dipelihara sampai umur 35 hari. Untuk perhitungan energi metabolis pakan menggunakan ayam broiler strain ross umur 35 hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan adalah P1 = ransum dengan tambahan plasebo (kontrol), P2 = ransum dengan tambahan probiotik 106 cfu g-1 pakan, dan P3 = ransum dengan tambahan probiotik 107 cfu g-1 pakan. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA dan Duncan tes. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan probiotik bakteri asam laktat asal black soldier fly memberikan pengaruh yang tidak nyata (P>0,05) terhadap energi metabolis pakan dan populasi bakteri dalam usus halus ayam broiler. Walaupun tidak berbeda nyata, data menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik sebanyak 107 cfu g-1 pakan dapat meningkatkan energi metabolis pakan 2,3% dibandingkan dengan ransum kontrol. Perlakuan P3 juga memiliki jumlah bakteri asam laktat terbanyak dan bakteri Eschericia coli paling sedikit. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan probiotik bakteri asam laktat asal black soldier fly sebanyak 107 cfu g-1 pakan dapat meningkatkan energi metabolis pakan 2,3%, meningkatkan bakteri asam laktat 3,5% dan mengurangi bakteri Eschericia coli 5,3%., This study aimed to analyze the effect of the addition of probiotics lactic acid bacteria from black soldier fly with different concentrations on the metabolism of nutrients and the population of intestinal bacteria in broiler chicken. This study used a completely randomized design with 3 treatments and 5 replications. The livestock used were DOC as many as 150 chickens which were reared until the age of 35 days. Measure of metabolizable energy using broiler type ross 35 days old. The treatment given was P0 = feed with placebo (control), P1 = feed with an additional 106 cfu g-1 feed of probiotics, and P3 = feed with an additional 107 cfu g-1 feed of probiotics. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests. The results showed that the addition of probiotic lactic acid bacteria from the black soldier fly gave an insignificant effect on the metabolizable energy of feed and the population of bacteria in the small intestine of broiler chickens. However, the data showed that treatment with the addition 107 cfu g-1 feed of probiotics can increase feed metabolizable energy for 2.3%. The P3 treatment also had the highest number of lactic acid bacteria and the least Escherichia coli bacteria. Conclusion of this research the addition of probiotics lactic acid bacteria from the black soldier fly as much as 107 cfu g-1 can increase feed metabolizable energi 2.3%, increase lactic acid bacteria 3.5% and reduce Escherichia coli bacteria 5.3%
Keyword: bakteri asam laktat, black soldier fly, energi metabolis, Eschericia coli, probiotik

Judul: Utilization of Liquid Probiotics from Fermentation  Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) on Performance Broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penggunaan probiotik cair asal fermentasi larva black soldier fly (BSF) terhadap performa ayam broiler. Sebanyak 250 ekor broiler jantan strain Cobb CP 707 dibagi kedalam 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 = Pakan broiler + air minum tanpa probiotik, P1 = Pakan broiler + air minum (1 ml L-1 probiotik komersil), P2 = Pakan broiler + air minum (1 ml L-1 probiotik asal fermentasi larva BSF), P3 = Pakan broiler + air minum (3 ml L-1 probiotik asal fermentasi larva BSF), dan P4 = Pakan broiler + air minum (5 ml L-1 probiotik asal fermentasi larva BSF). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan probiotik asal fermentasi larva BSF tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap performa broiler. Income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC) yang dihasilkan P4 lebih efisien dalam menghemat biaya pakan dan menghasilkan indeks performa tertinggi selama pemeliharaan dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut diketahui bahwa penggunaan probiotik cair asal fermentasi larva BSF dalam air minum pada penelitian ini belum memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap performa ayam broiler namun masih dapat menguntungkan berdasarkan perhitungan IOFCC dan indeks performa dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa probiotik., This research aimed to evaluate the use of liquid probiotics from fermentation black soldier fly (BSF) larvae on performance broilers. A total of 250 male broilers strain Cobb CP 707 were divided into 5 treatments and 5 replications using a completely randomized design. The treatment in this study consisted of P0 = broiler feed + water without probiotics, P1= Broiler feed + water with 1 ml L-1 commercial probiotic, P2 = Broiler feed + water with 1 ml L-1 probiotics from fermentation BSF larvae, P3 = Broiler feed + water with 3 ml L-1 probiotics from fermentation BSF larvae, and P4 = Broiler feed + water with 5 ml L-1 probiotics from fermentation BSF larvae. The results showed that the use of probiotics from fermentation BSF larvae was not significantly different (P>0.05) on broiler performance. IOFCC produced using P4 is more efficient in saving feed cost and the highest performance index during maintenance compared to other treatments. Based on the results, it can be seen that the use of liquid probiotics from fermentation BSF larvae in drinking water in this study was not been significant effect on broiler performance however can be advantageous based on IOFCC calculations and performance index compared to without probiotics.
Keyword: black soldier fly, broiler, performance, probiotics

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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