Judul: Penyebaran Sarang Komodo di Pulau Longos dan Perilaku Bersarang Komodo di Pulau Rinca, Nusa Tenggara Timur.
Abstrak: Komodo tersebar di dalam kawasan Taman Nasional Komodo (TNK) dan di pulau-pulau kecil di luar TNK. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan sebaran sarang komodo di Pulau Longos dan mendeskprisikan perilaku bersarang komodo di Pulau Rinca. Survei menggunakan peta grid 300x300 m dilakukan untuk mencari sarang komodo di Pulau Longos. Pengamatan perilaku bersarang komodo di Pulau Rinca dilakukan terhadap empat individu komodo dengan metode focal animal sampling. Ditemukan 86 sarang yang menyebar secara berkelompok di Pulau Longos. Di sebagian besar dari sarang yang ditemukan terdapat jerat untuk menangkap burung gosong, yang bisa menjadi ancaman bagi populasi komodo. Teridentifikasi lima kategori perilaku bersarang betina komodo di Pulau Rinca, yakni berjalan, pemeliharaan diri, menjaga, menggali, dan kawin. Perilaku pemeliharaan diri merupakan perilaku yang paling sering dilakukan (41,67%) dan perilaku menjaga merupakan satu-satunya perilaku penjagaan anak oleh komodo.
Keyword: komodo, Longos, perilaku, Rinca, sarang

Judul: Perilaku Komodo di Kawasan Wisata dan Nonwisata Pulau Rinca Taman Nasional Komodo Nusa Tenggara Timur
Abstrak: Tingginya aktivitas wisata di zona pemanfaatan wisata Taman Nasional Komodo dapat mempengaruhi perilaku harian komodo. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi perilaku harian serta pola penggunaan ruang dan waktu komodo di kawasan wisata dan nonwisata. Penelitian dilakukan di Resort Loh Buaya sebagai kawasan wisata dan Resort Loh Baru sebagai kawasan nonwisata di Pulau Rinca, Taman Nasional Komodo. Penelitian diawali dengan pembuatan ethogram dua individu dewasa dan satu individu muda. Pengamatan perilaku harian dilakukan dengan metode focal animal sampling dan pencatatan all occurrence pada rentang waktu 06.30-18.00 WITA. Data yang diambil adalah data perilaku, waktu, durasi, dan tipe habitat yang digunakan oleh komodo. Objek pengamatan adalah 18 komodo terdiri dari 6 komodo jantan, 6 betina dewasa serta 6 komodo remaja yang diamati selama 30 jam per individu. Terdapat enam kategori perilaku, yaitu perpindahan, waspada, agonistik, ingestif, pemeliharaan, dan perkembangbiakan. Perilaku perkembangbiakan teramati pada 8 komodo dewasa. Perbedaan yang signifikan tampak pada lamanya perilaku pemeliharaan (F(1,329)=5.456; P=0.02) dan perpindahan (F(1, 246)=8.618 ; P=0.004 ) komodo jantan di kawasan wisata dan nonwisata. Komodo jantan di kawasan wisata cenderung lebih sedikit bergerak. Komodo jantan dan remaja lebih banyak berada di habitat artifisial, sedangkan komodo betina lebih banyak berada di habitat alami karena sedang bersarang. Komodo yang berada di kawasan wisata sudah terbiasa dengan kehadiran manusia dan cenderung tidak merespons pada manusia.
Keyword: ethogram, habitat, pemeliharaan, perpindahan, respons

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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