Judul: Comparative Analysis of Heat Stress Between Morning and Afternoon Condition in Horses
Abstrak: Cekaman panas merupakan masalah kesejahteraan yang serius pada kuda. Kondisi iklim yang sangat panas dan lembap dapat menyebabkan efek yang merugikan pada industri kuda. Hal tersebut berkaitan dengan penurunan performa atletik dan reproduksi sehingga meningkatkan risiko penyakit infeksius dan luka yang berhubungan dengan cekaman panas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbandingan cekaman panas pada kuda antara kondisi pagi dan siang hari melalui pengukuran suhu dan kelembapan lingkungan serta respons fisiologis yang mencakup suhu permukaan tubuh, laju respirasi, frekuensi denyut jantung, dan kadar superoksida dismutase (SOD). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan April hingga Mei 2024 menggunakan enam ekor kuda. Data mikroklimat kandang, suhu permukaan tubuh, laju respirasi, frekuensi denyut jantung, dan kadar SOD dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah, uji Tukey dan uji T. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan nyata (p=0,05) pada suhu lingkungan, kelembapan, temperature humidity index (THI), suhu permukaan tubuh, laju respirasi, dan frekuensi denyut jantung antara pagi dan siang hari, yang mengindikasikan peningkatan cekaman panas pada siang hari. Namun, kadar SOD tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata (p>0,05). Peningkatan respons fisiologis yang mencakup suhu permukaan tubuh, laju respirasi, frekuensi denyut jantung, dan kadar SOD merupakan upaya kuda untuk mempertahankan suhu tubuh dalam rentang normal., Heat stress is a serious welfare issue in horses. Extremely hot and humid climatic conditions can cause detrimental effects on the equestrian industry by reducing athletic and reproductive performance and thus increasing the risk of infectious diseases and heat stress-related injuries. This study aimed to analyze the comparison of heat stress in horses between morning and afternoon conditions through measurements of environmental temperature and humidity as well as physiological responses including body surface temperature, respiration rate, heart rate frequency, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels. The study was conducted from April to May 2024 using six horses. Data on stable microclimate, body surface temperature, respiration rate, heart rate frequency, and SOD levels were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and T test. Results showed that there were significant differences (p=0.05) in ambient temperature, humidity, temperature humidity index, body surface temperature, respiration rate, and heart rate frequency between morning and afternoon, indicating increased heat stress during the day. However, SOD levels showed no significant difference (p>0.05). The increased physiological responses that include body surface temperature, respiration rate, heart rate frequency, and SOD levels are an attempt by the horse to maintain body temperature within the normal range.
Keyword: suhu permukaan, cekaman panas, denyut jantung, laju respirasi, SOD

Judul: Surface temperature, heart rate, and respiration rate of friesian holstein crossbred under different microclimate
Abstrak: Sapi perah Peranakan Friesian Holstein merupakan hewan yang peka terhadap perubahan kondisi mikroklimat. Inovasi teknologi sebagai alat bantu diagnosa yang efisien dan akurat seperti kamera termal inframerah sangat diperlukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan nilai suhu permukaan terhadap kondisi pagi dan siang hari di Kebon Pedes, Bogor. Penelitian dilakukan pada 3 ekor sapi perah betina selama 5 hari dengan melakukan pemetaan citra kamera termal pada permukaan tubuh. Suhu permukaan dan suhu bagian kandang diukur menggunakan Flir One Pro Thermal Cam, suhu rektal diukur menggunakan termometer, frekuensi pernafasan dengan Go Direct® Respiration Belt Vernier, frekuensi denyut jantung dengan stetoskop, dan keadaan mikroklimat diukur menggunakan Xiaomi Mijia Thermo-Hygrometer 2. Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan Uji T untuk membandingkan nilai hearth rate dan respiration rate pada pagi dan siang hari. Selain itu, uji two-way dan one-way ANOVA untuk membandingkan nilai suhu permukaan regio pada pagi dan siang serta membandingkan nilai suhu permukaan antar regio. Perbedaan waktu pengambilan data pada pagi dan siang hari menghasilkan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) pada data fisiologis, suhu permukaan, dan mikroklimat. Analisis statistik menunjukkan suhu permukaan mata dan 4 kuartir ambing tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan (P>0,05) dengan suhu rektal. Suhu permukaan ideal untuk memperkirakan suhu inti rektal adalah regio mata., The Friesian Holstein crossbred are highly sensitive to changes in microclimatic conditions. Technological innovations such as infrared thermal cameras are essential as efficient and accurate diagnostic tools. This research aimed to determine the changes in surface temperature values under morning and afternoon conditions in Kebon Pedes, Bogor. The study was conducted on three female dairy cows for five days by mapping thermal camera images on their body surfaces. Surface temperature and temperature inside the barn were measured using the Flir One Pro Thermal Cam, rectal temperature was measured using a thermometer, respiration rate was measured using the Go Direct® Respiration Belt Vernier, heart rate was measured using a stethoscope, and microclimatic conditions were measured using the Xiaomi Mijia Thermo-Hygrometer 2. Data analysis was performed using the T-test to compare heart rate and respiration rate between morning and afternoon. Additionally, two-way and one-way ANOVA were used to compare surface temperature values between morning and afternoon, as well as to compare surface temperature values among different regions. The time difference in data collection between morning and afternoon resulted in significant differences (P<0.05) in physiological data, surface temperature, and microclimate. Statistical analysis showed that the surface temperature of the eyes and the four quarters of the udder did not exhibit significant differences (P>0.05) compared to rectal temperature. The ideal surface temperature for estimating the rectal core temperature was found in the eye region.
Keyword: dairy, microclimate, surface temperature, thermal camera

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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