Judul: Gambaran Resistensi Escherichia coli yang Diisolasi dari Peternakan Ayam Broiler terhadap Antibiotik di Desa Bojongkerta Kabupaten Sukabumi
Abstrak: Escherichia coli merupakan flora normal intestinal yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi oportunistik. Antibiotik merupakan salah satu usaha pengendalian terhadap infeksi bakteri. Penggunaan yang tidak sesuai dapat menyebabkan resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan gambaran resistensi dari bakteri E. coli yang diisolasi dari kloaka ayam broiler di Desa Bojongkerta Kabupaten Sukabumi terhadap antibiotik ampisilin, gentamisin, kloramfenikol, asam nalidiksat, siprofloksasin, eritromisin, dan oksitetrasiklin. Pengujian resistensi antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram menurut Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 6 dari 8 isolat E. coli yang diisolasi mengalami resistensi terhadap ampisilin, gentamisin, asam nalidiksat, eritromisin, oksitetrasiklin, kloramfenikol, dan siprofloksasin, 2 isolat sensitif terhadap kloramfenikol, dan 1 isolat menunjukkan hasil intermediet terhadap siprofloksasin. Penggunaan antibiotik pada pengobatan penyakit harus didukung dengan manajemen pemeliharaan yang baik.
Keyword: ayam broiler,, E. coli, resistensi antibiotik

Judul: Gambaran Kepekaan Escherichia coli dari Peternakan Ayam Broiler di Desa Bojongkerta Kabupaten Sukabumi terhadap Antibiotik
Abstrak: Masalah resistensi Escherichia coli (E. coli) terhadap antibiotik telah banyak dilaporkan. Peningkatan kasus resistensi bakteri terhadap antibiotik dapat dilihat dari banyaknya laporan bahwa terdapat antibiotik yang sudah tidak efektif lagi terhadap suatu bakteri patogen. Pola penggunaan antibiotik di Indonesia dan negara-negara lain semakin meningkat dan banyak diantaranya masih digunakan secara tidak tepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari gambaran resistensi E. coli dari ayam broiler terhadap sefpodoksim, sefoksitin, sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim, kolistin sulfat, seftizoksim, aztreonam, dan nitrofurantoin dari peternakan ayam broiler di Desa Bojongkerta Kabupaten Sukabumi. Pengujian resistensi antibiotik menggunakan metode difusi cakram menurut Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 7 dari 8 isolat E. coli yang berasal dari peternakan ayam broiler di desa Bojongkerta Kabupaten Sukabumi multidrug-resistance terhadap sulfametoksazol-trimetoprim (100%); sefpodoksim, sefoksitin, seftizoksim, dan aztreonam (masing-masing 87.5%); dan nitrofurantoin (50%). Namun tidak menunjukkan hasil terhadap kolistin sulfat.
Keyword: ayam broiler, Escherichia coli, resistensi antibiotik

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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