Judul: Studi Histopatologi Pengaruh Ekstrak Minyak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) pada Organ Pertahanan Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Nigella sativa, known as black cumin is a herb that is widely used in treating various diseases, including as an anti-cancer. The purpose of this study is to study histologically the lymphoid organs of broiler chickens changes due to the effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa). A total 45 chickens were divided into 3 groups: group A was given Nigella sativa, ND, IBD and AI vaccine, group B was given Nigella sativa, ND and IBD vaccines, the last group K (control) was given ND and IBD vaccines. Commercial preparation of N. sativa treated every day orally as 0.02 ml every chicken in group A and group B starting from 2th to 6th week. Furthermore, every week 3 chickens out of each groups were sacrificed for necropsy and processed to histopathological slides with Hematoxylin-Eosin staining. The parameters studied were area of thymic cortical, splenic white pulp, lymphoid follicles of Fabricius bursa and lymphocyte density in each lymphoid organs. Result shown that histologically increasing the area of thymic cortical, white pulp of the spleen, lymphoid follicle bursa of Fabricius as well as lymphocyte density of the treated groups mostly greater than control. Statistically the results showed there was a difference (p<0.05) between Control group and treated group (A and B). Black Cumin (Nigella sativa) Extract is give positive beneficial on Lymphoid Organs of Broiler Chickens. Nigella sativa able to enhance the immune system in broiler chickens.
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Judul: Studi Histopatologi Manfaat Ekstrak Jintan Hitam (Nigella sativa) pada Organ Pernafasan Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Black cumin or Nigella sativa is a species plant belonging to the herb medicine that are people commonly used all over the world. This research aims is to study the benefits of black cumin extract on broiler respiratory organs. A total of 100 chicks (day old chick / DOC) were used in this study and were divided into 3 groups. K is a virus control group vaccinated with ND and IBD viruses; Group A is a group of broilers vaccinated with IBD, ND and AI and treated extract of black cumin; Group B is the group of broilers vaccinated ND and IBD virus and treated extract of black cumin. Black cumin gave every day for 6 weeks through the oral route. The chicken were then taken randomly 3 heads of each group every 3 week to be sacrificed later by necropsy and organ samples were collected, fixed in a solution of Buffered Neutral Formalin (BNF) 10%. Organ samples were then processed into histopathology preparations stained with Haematoxylin Eosin (HE). The parameters include the percentage of observations on tracheal ciliary epithelial integrity, epithelial cell integrity, goblet cell number and the number of inflammatory cells beneath tracheal submucosa. The parameters in the lung were the number of inflammatory cells is in the lung tissue, the number, area and density of BALT. The results showed that administration of black cumin or Nigella sativa indicate regenerate the percentage of cilia integrity, epithelial cells integrity, inflammatory cells tracheal sub mucosa, also causes a decrease in the number of inflammatory cells in the lung tissue, decreased the number, area and density of BALT. This result indicates that black cumin able to repair damaged tissue and serves as trigger for immune system of chicken
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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