Judul: Efisiensi penggunaan protein dan energi metabolism ransum ayam broiler yang mengandung bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas) yang diolah secara fisika, kimia dan biologis
Abstrak: Jatropha curcas meal is one of the potential local beef, because it contains high protein (35%-58%). However this rich protein can not be utilized by the poultry because of toxic substance (such as curcin and phorbol ester) contained in the Jatropha curcas meal. To overcome this problem, detoxification technique are needed. The objective of the experiment was to evaluate the effect of various processing methods (physical, chemical and biological) of Jatropha curcas on protein utilization efficiency and metabolizable energy value.
Keyword: 

Judul: Uji biologis bungkil biji jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) dengan pengolahan ekstrak metanol dan fermentasi menggunakan Rhizopus oryzae serta Trichoderma viride pada ayam broiler
Abstrak: The utilization of Jatropha curcas meal as feedstuff is restricted by anti nutrients such as saponin, protease inhibitor, phytic acid and toxic substances like curcin and phorbolester contained in the Jatropha curcas meal. This experiment was aimed to evaluate the biological value of Jatropha curcas meal treated with methanol extraction and fermentation using Rhizopus oryzae and Trichoderma viride on broiler chickens. The biological test used twenty broiler chickens of four weeks of age and using after Sibbald method (1980). The treatments were P0 (Jatropha curcas meal without treatment), P1 (extracted Jatropha curcas meal using methanol), P2 (fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Rhizopus oryzae), and P3 (fermented Jatropha curcas meal using Trichoderma viride). Design of this study was completely randomized design, with four treatments and four replications. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and differences among treatments were further tested using Duncan Multiple Range test. The parameters observed were dry matter digestion, nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolizable Energy (AME), calcium and phosporus absorption. The P1, P2 and P3 treatments highly significantly (P<0.01) reduced the dry matter digestion, AME and phosphorus absorption. The treatments significantly (P<0.05) reduced nitrogen retention, however its did not affect the calcium absorption. The values of dry matter digestion were 21.92% (P1), 8.88% (P2) and 21.88% (P3). The values of nitrogen retention were 36.39% (P1), 12.71% (P2) and 40.14% (P3). The values of apparent metabolizable energy were 1299.23 kcal/kg (P1), 1009.62 kcal/kg (P2) dan 1593.72 kcal/kg (P3). The values of calcium absorption were 41.04% (P1), 22,71% (P2) and 64.63% (P3). The values of absorptin phosphorus were -27.26% (P1), -95.4% (P2) and -3.94% (P3). These low values because of crude fiber contained in the treated Jatropha curcas meal. The conclusion of this experiment was Jatropha curcas meal as a single feedstuff of broiler chickens had low dry matter digestion, nitrogen retention, Apparent Metabolizable Energy, calcium and phosporus absorption. The usage of treated Jatropha curcas meal should be mixed.
Keyword: 

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular