Judul: Konversi Lahan Pertanian dan Perubahan Taraf Hidup Rumahtangga Petani: Kasus Pembangunan Perumahan X di Kampung Cibeureum Sunting dan Kampung Pabuaran, Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Conversion of agricultural land and changes in household living standards of farmers: a case of Housing Development by PT. X in Kampung Cibeureum Sunting and Kampung Pabuaran, Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, West Java. The objectives of this study were: (1) identified household living standards of farmers after the land conversion, (2) analyzed the factors associated with land conversion rates by farmers. The research applied a quantitative approach which supported by qualitative information. The quantitative data were collected by using survey method on 35 farmers household . The results of this study showed that after the conversion of land, household living standard of farmers increased, especially for lower-class farmers households. Internal factors and external factors affect different for each of the farmers. In this study, the internal factors that affected the rate of land conversion is dependence on the land. Dependence of land only affect the conversion rate at the lower class farmers. External factors also have different effect on each among farmers. In this study, external factors which affected the conversion rate is the influence of neighborss, the influence of neighbors only affected the conversion rate at the lower-class farmers. Key words: Conversion, land, farmers
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Judul: Dampak Konversi Lahan Terhadap Keberlanjutan Ekologi. Studi Kasus: Kelurahan Mulyaharja, Kecamatan Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: This study has three objectives: 1) to identify the phenomena and factors that cause land conversion, 2) to examine the impact of land conversion in terms of sociological, economic, and political aspects, 3) to examine the impact of land conversion of ecological aspects .This study was conducted in the village Mulyaharja. It is an area of land conversion, where almost the entire area of Mulyaharja has switched its functions into a settlement area (real estate). Previously the area was productive agricultural land. The case of agricultural land conversion in Mulyaharja was caused by the farmers’ decision to sell their land and such decision was promoted by such factors as economic, social, and policies. The effects of land conversion involve a number of aspects. For example, its sociological impacts include the gap between indigenous people and immigrants as well as lifestyle changes introduced by the immigrants. The economic impacts include changes in land tenure, productivity and income levels of the community. The political impact can be seen from the many companies that are committed to investment of funds in one or more assets for several periods in the future. The conversion of agricultural land to settlement area has greatly negative impact on the ecology. The ecological already apparent now shows the damage to the environment at an alarming stage because of the big large opportunity for the rural communities of Mulyaharja to move and open up land on the higher ground. Now, there should be fundamental changes in the paradigm of development in relation with nature.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity