Judul: Smartcasing dari PVA-Fraksi Diklorometana Daun Lidah Mertua sebagai Penurun Radiasi Panas pada Telepon Pintar
Abstrak: Tumbuhan lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain) mengandung bahan aktif glikosida pregnan yang diduga mampu menyerap radiasi panas dari sinar matahari. Tujuan percobaan ini adalah membuat lapisan film campuran polivinil alkohol (PVA) dan fraksi diklorometana (DCM) daun lidah mertua sebagai penurun radiasi panas pada telepon pintar (smartphone). Simplisia dimaserasi dan menghasilkan rendemen 19%. Ekstrak etanol dipartisi menggunakan pelarut air, etil asetat, DCM, dan n-butanol. Fraksi DCM diduga mengandung saponin steroid difraksionasi menggunakan kromatografi kolom, menghasilkan fraksi paling sederhana, yakni fraksi A. Fraksi tersebut dianalisis dengan liquid chromatography-mass spectrophotometry menghasilkan 4 senyawa yang diduga golongan saponin steroid. Fraksi tersebut dibuat lapisan film dan diuji kemampuannya dalam menyerap radiasi panas pada perangkat telepon pintar. Hasilnya menunjukkan lapisan film yang mengandung 0.02% fraksi A mampu menurunkan radiasi panas paling besar, yaitu 4.4 °C pada menit pertama. Spektrum inframerah dari film PVA dan PVA-fraksi A menunjukkan perbedaan gugus fungsi, yakni gugus O-H asam karboksilat, C=C alkena, dan C=C aromatik.
Keyword: idah mertua, radiasi panas, telepon cerdas

Judul: PVA-Sansevieria trifasciata Fraction From Acetone Extract Film as Absorbers of Electromagnetic and Heat Radiation on Smartphones
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi mendorong terciptanya smartphone berkemampuan tinggi. Smartphone kini tidak hanya digunakan sebagai alat komunikasi, melainkan dapat digunakan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan manusia yang menyebabkan tingginya durasi penggunaan smartphone. Penggunaan smartphone secara terusmenerus dapat meningkatkan paparan radiasi elektromagnetik yang berdampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia. Smartphone yang terlalu sering digunakan juga dapat menyebabkan panas berlebih yang memicu berbagai masalah kesehatan. Penelitian terdahulu telah melaporkan khasiat polivinil alkohol (PVA) dan tanaman lidah mertua sebagai peredam radiasi elektromagnetik dan panas pada berbagai alat elektronik termasuk smartphone. Film yang dibuat dari campuran PVA dan ekstrak aseton lidah mertua memberikan penurunan radiasi elektromagnetik dan panas paling tinggi dibandingkan ekstrak etanol dan diklorometana, namun identifikasi senyawa yang memberikan penurunan radiasi elektromagnetik dan panas belum dilakukan, sehingga dalam penelitian ini dilakukan fraksionasi ekstrak aseton lidah mertua dan pembuatan film dari campuran PVA dengan fraksi dari ekstrak aseton lidah mertua yang bertujuan untuk melacak keberadaan senyawa yang berperan dalam menurunkan radiasi, menguji radiasi elektromagnetik dan panas pada smartphone, dan menganalisis senyawa menggunakan LC-MS/MS. Tanaman lidah mertua dimaserasi dengan aseton lalu ekstrak aseton dipartisi sehingga didapatkan fraksi n-heksana, diklorometana, etil asetat, dan air. Film dibuat dengan mencampurkan PVA, gliserol, dengan keempat fraksi tersebut menggunakan teknik solution casting. Film yang berisi PVA saja juga digunakan sebagai pembanding. Kelima film kemudian ditempelkan pada smartphone lalu dilakukan uji radiasi elektromagnetik dan panas. Film PVA + fraksi air dan PVA + fraksi etil asetat menurunkan radiasi elektromagnetik tertinggi diantara kelima film yaitu sebesar 25,34% dan 2,64%, juga menurunkan suhu smartphone tertinggi sebesar 3,82 oC dan 2,8 oC selama 30 menit. Fraksi air dan etil asetat kemudian difraksionasi lebih lanjut menggunakan kromatografi radial (KR) dan kromatografi lapis tipis preparatif (KLTP), kemudian sub fraksi air dan etil asetat dianalisis menggunakan LC-MS/MS. Hasil analisis LC-MS/MS menunjukkan bahwa dugaan senyawa yang terdapat pada kedua fraksi dan diduga berperan dalam menurunkan radiasi elektromagnetik maupun panas pada smartphone adalah senyawa steroid yaitu stigmasterol dan ergosterol peroksida, juga senyawa ftalat yaitu di-(2- etilheksil) ftalat dan diisononil ftalat. Senyawa steroid diduga menurunkan radiasi elektromagnetik dengan mekanisme kerugian konduktif dan menurunkan panas smartphone dengan meningkatkan jalur bebas fonon, sedangkan senyawa ftalat diduga menurunkan radiasi elektromagnetik dengan mekanisme polarisasi., Technological developments have prompted the production of highly advanced smartphones. However, various advanced features of smartphones cause them to heat up quickly and emit more electromagnetic radiation which is harmful for human health. Therefore, smartphone protection is needed to solve these issues. This study is aimed to create a film from S. trifasciata plant based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to reduce electromagnetic and heat radiation on smartphones. S. trifasciata plant were macerated with acetone and partitioned with n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate, and water. The films were made by mixing PVA with the four fractions. Out of four layers of film, PVA+water and PVA+ethyl acetate fraction reduced the highest electromagnetic radiation by 25.34% and 2.64%, also reduced the highest smartphone heat by 3.82 oC and 2.8 oC. The results of the LC-MS/MS analysis show that the compounds thought to be contained in both fractions and play a major role in reducing electromagnetic and heat radiation in smartphones
Keyword: polivinil alkohol, radiasi elektromagnetik, radiasi panas, sansevieria trifasiciata, smartphone

Judul: Dog Ticks Infestation and Its Correlation to Tick-Borne Diseases.
Abstrak: Ticks infestation on dog could lead to itchiness, anemia, skin disorders, and tick-borne diseases, such as Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Besides dogs, Ehrlichiosis were known to be zoonotic. Pre-mature stage tick life cycle that occur outside its host, will enhance contacts between ticks and human. The study of ticks infestation and tick-borne diseases on the dog is necessary, because it has not a lot of information about the diversity, prevalence and degree of ticks infestation in Indonesia. Ticks survey, included ticks sampling and dogs blood test were performed at Animal Police Directorate Security Agency (Baharkam) and Atang Sendjaja Air Force (ATS). Meanwhile ticks sampling also data of cases of ticks infestation and diseases transmitted obtained from 21 veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung. All ticks samples stored in bottles containing 70% alcohol for identification. Blood tests performed for Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis diagnosis. The identification results of the 950 ticks samples that obtained from 97 dogs of Baharkam, ATS and veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung, showed only one ticks species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This ticks belong to three-host tick, which require three hosts to complete its life cycle. Each ticks stage need a host, either same dog (if it is in place there is only one or a few dogs), as well as different dogs. Research in Baharkam conducted on 81 dogs (53 males and 28 females). The prevalence of dogs infested by ticks was 67.90%. The percentage of male dogs that infested by ticks are larger (69.81%) than female (64.29%). Based on Chi-Square test, there was no relationship between sex and breed of dog with degree of ticks infestation. Generally dogs infested with mild infestation category (41.98%), meanwhile moderate category was 18.52%, 2.47% high and 4.94% very high. The dog’s body region that the most infested by R. sanguineus was dog's back. Probably these body regions were be preferred because they are less accessible for the dog to remove them with its paws. Collection of ticks with tick-drag on Baharkam grass field showed positive results on the field that was more often used to practice by dogs. The samples that obtained was larvae stage ticks with density 152 larvae on 215m2 area of the field. Adult stage ticks and several adult females which laying eggs on the cage wall were obtained in the dog kennels. Whole of male and female ATS dogs infested with ticks (14 dogs). In general, dogs infested with very high infestation category was 64.29%, compared by high degree category (21.43%) and moderate (14.29%). Ticks predilection were found mostly on the dog’s head – neck. On ATS grass field did not reveal any ticks, but positively inside the kennels. It happens probably because dogs are rarely released from the kennel, so that the ticks was did drop-off inside the kennel. The total cases of ticks infestation of dogs at Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung veterinary clinics in 2008 until June 2013 as many as 731 cases. In general, there was an increases of the ticks infestation prevalence at three cities in that range
Keyword: Anaplasma, Babesia, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus