Judul: Morfometrik Wajah Suku Sunda di Kecamatan Cileungsi, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Kecamatan Cileungsi merupakan kompleksitas masyarakat urban di Provinsi Jawa Barat. Mayoritas penduduk di Kecamatan Cileungsi berasal dari Suku Sunda dengan bahasa pergaulan bahasa Sunda. Pengaruh lingkungan dapat menyebabkan adaptasi morfologi. Adaptasi morfologi dapat dilihat melalui variasi wajah. Variasi wajah Suku Sunda di Kecamatan Cileungsi menjadi penting diteliti. Penelitian dilakukan dengan melihat variasi 26 titik anatomis wajah depan dan 16 titik anatomis wajah samping menggunakan morfometrik geometris formula tpsDig dan tpsRelw dari Thin Plate Spline (TPS). Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan data variasi wajah Suku Sunda di Kecamatan Cileungsi. Metode morfometrik geometris dilakukan dengan cara 1) pendataan melalui kuesioner, 2) pengambilan citra wajah, 3) digitasi titik-titik anatomis wajah tampak depan dan samping, 4) pengambilan rata-rata koordinat digitasi titik anatomis wajah, 5) konstruksi pohon filogeni dari rataan wajah, 6) rekonstruksi wajah rata-rata. Berdasarkan hasil analisis wajah pria didapatkan 3 tipe wajah depan dan 2 tipe wajah samping sedangkan hasil analisis wajah wanita didapatkan 2 tipe wajah depan dan 2 tipe wajah samping.
Keyword: morfometrik geometris, Thin Plate Spline (TPS), masyarakat urban

Judul: Variasi Wajah Suku Betawi di Bekasi
Abstrak: Wajah manusia menyimpan banyak informasi yaitu: untuk menentukan usia, jenis kelamin, mengetahui ekspresi, emosi, dan komunikasi nonverbal. Masyarakat suku Betawi berasal dari hasil perkawinan antara suku dan bangsa di masa lalu. Keragaman asal suku Betawi menyebabkan terjadinya variasi wajah suku Betawi. Penelitian variasi wajah suku Betawi di Setu Babakan, Jakarta Selatan mendapatkan dua tipe wajah pria dan wanita. Namun penelitian variasi wajah suku Betawi di Bekasi belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi variasi wajah suku Betawi di Bekasi. Subjek yang digunakan 69 pria dan 134 wanita suku Betawi. Keragaman morfologi wajah berdasarkan 26 titik anatomis wajah depan dan 16 titik anatomis wajah samping. Analisis dan deskripsi variasi wajah dengan formula Thin Plate Spline (TPS) pada metode morfometrik geometris. Hasil analisis menunjukkan terdapat tiga tipe wajah depan pria, dua tipe wajah samping pria, dua tipe wajah depan wanita, dan dua tipe wajah samping wanita. Variasi wajah terdapat pada bentuk wajah, dahi, dagu, hidung, dan rahang. Sebagian besar pola penyebaran tipe wajah terjadi secara acak. Berdasarkan kedekatan lokasi, beberapa wajah mengelompok pada suatu tipe, walaupun pengaruh lokasi relatif kecil. Pembauran dalam pola perkawinan tidak mempengaruhi pembentukan variasi wajah.
Keyword: morfometrik, thin plate spline, titik anatomis

Judul: Exergy Analysis of Membrane Utilization for Solution Separation in LiBr-H2O Absorbtion Refrigeration System
Abstrak: Absorbtion refrigeration system provides prominent advantages in tems of environmental impact and energy consumption. Absorbtion refrigeration system uses natural refrigerant, such as water, which gives no harm to the environment. In terms of energy consumption, it requires heat to regenerate refrigerant from its absorber and provide the refrigeration effect. This form of energy is preferred since heat can be supplied from various sources, including waste heat and renewable energy, and thermodynamically categorized as low quality energy. However, effectiveness of refrigerant regeneration could only be obtained if the temperature is high enough. In this study, the heat utilization in the regeneration process will be eliminated by introducing membranes for separating the refrigerant from the absorber. Specifically, the objectives of this research are to :1) to study the absorbtion mechanism of water vapor by LiBr-H2O solution in a controlled condition, 2) to study the regeneration process of LiBr-H2O using reverse osmosis (RO) membrane and vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) when applied in LiBr-H2O absorbtion refrigeration system, 3) to perform the energy and exergy analysis in LiBr-H2O absorbtion refrigeration system using RO membrane. The membrane was used as a tool to separate the refrigerant from absorbent which performs as regeneration process in conventional absorbtion system. As separation component, RO membrane employs pressure to oppose the osmotic pressure and pass certain component through the pores. While, VMD employs vacuum pressure and thermal, so that the substance to be transported through the membrane is in form of vapor. The result shows that absorbtion rate of water vapor by LiBr-H2O solution was influenced by solution concentration, temperature, humidity and pressure. The highest absorbtion rate was 0.031 g/minute which was occurred at temperature 40°C, RH 70% and solution concentration 60%. Prediction model was developed to calculate the absorbtion parameter inspite of P-T-X diagram.The highest water vapor absorbtion in absorber using spiral wound module-based RO membrane occurred at initial concentration of 30%, wich is the highest concentration used in the experiment. Increasing of operation pressure during separation process will increase permeation flux but decrease rejection factor.Unexpectedly, permeate of the RO membrane still contain LiBr at concentration 7w/w %-9w/w%, which affect the achievable cooling temperature and cooling capacity. Optimization of regeneration using VMD was conducted with response surface methodology (RSM) and the result show that highest permeate flux (0.93 kg.m-2.s-1) can be achived at initial concentration of 47.5%, temperature of 80°C and flow rate of 1.9 L.min-1.COP obtained in absorbtion refrigeration system using RO membran with initial concentration 20% was in the range of 1.147-1.171. Exergy analysis shows that increasing pressure of RO membrane at concentration 20% increased the irreversibity.On the other hand, exergy analysis on VMD shows that higher concentration and temperature will increased irreversibility.
Keyword: refrigeration, absorbtion, reverse osmosis, vacuum membrane distillation, energy, exergy