Judul: Daya dukung ekowisata dengan pendekatan kapasitas adaptif ekologi di pulau-pulau kecil (kasus gugus pulau guraici Kabupaten Halmahera Selatan Propinsi Maluku Utara)
Abstrak: Small islands have unique characteristics when compared to the big island and when viewed from the aspect of ecology has a high risk of environmental pressures and limited carrying capacity of ecosystems and low adaptive capacity. Study was conducted to determine the carrying capacity of eco-tourism based on ecological adaptive capacity carried on small islands in the group of Guraici islands, on 2011. The data was collected through field surveys for primary data and secondary data collection on the relevant agencies. The purpose of this study were (1) calculate the adaptive capacity of coastal ecosystems on the islands that serve as the object Guraici ecotourism, (2) calculate the fitness level of each coastal ecosystems for every eco-tourism activities, (3) calculate the carrying capacity of the adaptive (DDA) based on adaptive capacity and the carrying capacity of coastal ecosystems for every eco-tourism activities in the group of Guraici islands. The results show that the adaptive capacity of coral reef ecosystems ranged from 0.0-0.58. mangrove ecosystem adaptive capacity ranges from 0.0-0.51. Seagrass ecosystem adaptive capacity values ranged from 0.0-0.59, all ecosystems are classified in categories adapti capacity of ”low, medium and very low”.
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Judul: The Small Island Management Of Marine Ecotourism Development (Case Study in Liukang Loe Island, Bulukumba Region, South Sulawesi).
Abstrak: Small islands have very high ecosystem diversity characterized by mangrove, seagrass, beach and coral reef also organisms who live around the small island area. The potential can be used to support marine tourism development. To that end, the utilization of small island for marine tourism development is important to promote the ecological dimension in order the sustainable utilization. This research examines the ecological carrying capacity with space approach and water quality in the marine tourism area Liukang Loe Island to accommodate tourist activities. The purpose of this research is assessing the maximum number of tourists who can be accommodated without causing disturbance against the coastal resources. The research was conducted in the Liukang Loe Island in August 2012 and February-Maret 2013. Biophysical data collected through field survey and secondary data element comes from existing research. Data analysis method consists of sustaibility analysis and carrying capacity of marine tourism with spatial approach by using GIS. Based on the results of research and interpretation of satellite imagery, obtained 3 (three) marine tourism activities in the Liukang loe island is beach tourism of recreation category, snorkeling and diving. DDK space approach obtained that Coastal tourism / recreation categories according to the total length area that utilized around 1 441 m can accommodate 56 people/day, snorkeling tourism around 24.57 ha can accommodate 986 people / day and Diving tourism around 14.73 ha is able to accommodate 589 people / day. Thus the total tourist can be accommodated to the overall tourist activity around 1 631 people / day. While DDK with BOD parameters water quality approach obtained the utilization for 10 years later is still under the threshold standard that required for marine tourism. The implication of this result can be given in government policy and other relevant parties with implementation of sustainable tourism principle
Keyword: Ecological Carrying Capacity, Marine tourism, Liukang Loe Island.

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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