Judul: Response of Growth and Yield of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn) to the Application of Urea and Potassium Chloride Fertilizers
Abstrak: SAHRUR RAMADHAN, Respons Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn) terhadap Aplikasi Pupuk Urea dan Kalium Khlorida. Dibimbing oleh Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Sapta Purwoko, M.Sc. dan Dr. Ir. Iswari Saraswati Dewi. Pemupukan merupakan hal yang penting bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Tanaman yang dipupuk umumnya memberi hasil pertumbuhan yang lebih baik dibanding tanaman yang tidak dipupuk. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui respons pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman buncis (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn) terhadap pemupukan urea dan KCl. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak Faktorial. Faktor pertama adalah pemupukan urea (N) dengan 4 taraf dosis perlakuan, yaitu tanpa urea (N0), 100 kg/ha (N1), 200 kg/ha (N2), dan 300 kg/ha (N3). Faktor kedua adalah pemupukan KCl (K) dengan 3 taraf dosis perlakuan, yaitu tanpa KCl (K0), 100 kg/ha (K1), dan 200 kg/ha (K2). Setiap taraf perlakuan urea dikombinasikan dengan masing-masing taraf perlakuan KCl sehingga didapat 12 kombinasi perlakuan. Setiap kombinasi perlakuan diulang sebanyak tiga kali sehingga didapat total 36 satuan percobaan dengan luas masing-masing petakan 5m2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi urea menghambat pertumbuhan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, dan jumlah cabang, akan tetapi meningkatkan luas daun buncis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh positif aplikasi KCl pada tinggi 2 minggu setelah tanam (MST), tidak berpengaruh pada tinggi 3-6 MST, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, luas daun, jumlah polong, panjang polong, dan bobot polong. Tidak ada dosis urea dan KCl yang mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman buncis berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini., SAHRUR RAMADHAN, Response of Growth and Yield of Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn) to the Application of Urea and Potassium Chloride Fertilizers. Supervised by Prof. Dr. Ir. Bambang Sapta Purwoko, M.Sc. and Dr. Ir. Iswari Saraswati Dewi. Fertilization is important for plant growth and production. Fertilized plants generally give better growth results than plants that are not fertilized. This study aims to determine the response of growth and yield of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris Linn) to Urea and KCl fertilization. This study used a factorial randomized complete block design. The first factor was urea (N) fertilization with 4 treatment dose levels, namely without urea (N0), 100 kg/ha (N1), 200 kg/ha (N2), and 300 kg/ha (N3). The second factor was KCl (K) fertilization with 3 treatment dose levels, without KCl (K0), 100 kg/ha (K1), and 200 kg/ha (K2). Each level of urea treatment was combined with each level of KCl treatment to obtain 12 treatment combinations. Each treatment combination was repeated three times so that a total of 36 experimental units were obtained with an area of 5m2 each experimental unit. The results showed that the application of urea inhibited plant height, number of leaves, and number of branches, but increased the leaf area of bean. The results showed a positive effect of KCl application on height 2 weeks after planting (WAP), no effect on height 3-6 WAP, number of leaves, number of branches, leaf area, number of pods, pod length, and pod weight. There was no optimum dose of urea and KCl which can increase the growth and yield of bean plants based on the results of this study.
Keyword: urea, KCl, dosage, Mandailing Natal, response

Judul: The Effect of the Type of Mulch and the Dosage of Goat Manure Compost on the Growth and Production of Green Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Abstrak: Kebutuhan pangan khususnya kacang buncis di masa mendatang akan semakin meningkat, karena memiliki sumber protein nabati yang tinggi dan kaya akan vitamin sehingga banyak digemari masyarakat. Produktivitas kacang buncis masih mengalami fluktuasi setiap tahunnya. Hal ini terjadi karena penggunaan benih unggul yang belum merata dan teknik budidaya yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan produktivitas kacang buncis melalui pemberian pupuk kompos kotoran kambing dan penggunaan mulsa pada taraf dan dosis pupuk yang tepat. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dengan dua faktor yaitu jenis mulsa dan dosis pupuk kompos kotoran kambing, setiap perlakuan terdiri dari 3 ulangan. Jenis mulsa berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah daun, jumlah cabang, luas daun, bobot basah batang, bobot basah daun, bobot kering batang, bobot kering daun, jumlah polong per tanaman, panjang polong, bobot polong per tanaman, bobot polong per petak dan produktivitas tanaman. Perlakuan MPHP merupakan jenis mulsa terbaik dan efisien dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman. Dosis pupuk kompos kotoran kambing nyata dapat meningkatkan semua parameter pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kecuali bobot basah dan bobot kering akar. Terdapat interaksi antara jenis mulsa dan dosis pupuk kompos kotoran kambing terhadap bobot polong per tanaman, bobot polong per petak dan produktivitas tanaman. Perlakuan MPHP dengan dosis pupuk kompos 25 ton ha-1 nyata dapat meningkatkan 87,12% produktivitas buncis dibanding MPHP tanpa perlakuan pupuk. Dosis pupuk kompos optimal pada penggunaan MPHP yaitu 24,95 ton ha 1., The future demand for food, especially kidney beans, will continue to rise due to its high plant-based protein source and rich vitamin content, making it highly favored by the community. The productivity of kidney beans still experiences fluctuations every year. This occurs due to uneven distribution of superior seeds and suboptimal cultivation techniques. This study aimed to enhance kidney bean productivity through the application of goat manure compost fertilizer and the use of mulch at the appropriate level and dosage of fertilizer. The research design used was a Completely Randomized Group Design with two factors, namely, types of mulch and dosage of goat manure compost fertilizer. Each treatment consisted of 3 replications. The type of mulch significantly affected plant height, stem diameter, leaf count, branch count, leaf area, wet weight of stem, wet weight of leaves, dry weight of stem, dry weight of leaves, number of pods per plant, pod length, pod weight per plant, pod weight per plot, and plant productivity. The MPHP treatment proved to be the most effective and efficient mulch type in enhancing plant growth and production. The dosage of goat manure compost fertilizer significantly improved all growth and production parameters of the plants except for wet weight and dry weight of roots. There was an interaction between the type of mulch and the dosage of goat manure compost fertilizer concerning pod weight per plant, pod weight per plot, and plant productivity. MPHP treatment with a compost fertilizer dose of 25 tons per hectare can significantly increase 87,12% of chickpea productivity compared to MPHP without fertilizer treatment. The optimal dose of compost fertilizer in the use of MPHP is 24,95 tons per hectare.
Keyword: compost, organic mulch, synthetic mulch

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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