Judul: Model of prediction for sustainability of groupers utilization in Wakatobi Marine National Park, Southeast Sulawesi
Abstrak: Wakatobi Marine National Park (WMNP) is managed based on conservation principles namely utilization of limited resources. Currently, groupers in WMNP are exploited in large-scale. Therefore, it is required to model the sustainable utilization of groupers. This research objectives are: to analyze the condition of coral reefs, to characteristic biological parameters and biomass, to determine the fishing gears priority, to map the trade network and to arrange a model of sustainable utilization of groupers. This research use multi method analysis. The results showed that operation of the gears in catching of groupers has a different effect on destruction of coral reefs. Traps have the greatest impacts on the destruction of coral reefs and declining abundance of the number and size of groupers. The groupers caught by traps were immature at 62.5%, and only 37.5% was in mature condition. The number of groupers biomass were estimated about 11.52 kg/m2 with calculated MSY was 0.81 tons/year. The scoring analysis indicated that the priority to develop fishing gears were hekaulu hand line as the first priority, traps as the second priority and spearguns was the third priority. Then, the live groupers trade network showed that the exporters get a lot of profit from market value and production value. Finally the results of the simulation showed that fishing gears can be increased 1% per year until 2019, with numbers of fishing gear operated estimated 5165 units.
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Judul: Spatio-Temporal Utilizations, Environmental Parameters and Diversity of Grouper in Saleh Bay
Abstrak: Saleh Bay is a fishing area for local people, especially fishermen in Sumbawa and its surroundings. One of the reef fish resource commodities caught is grouper. However, the productivity of reef fish and demersal fish in Saleh Bay has decreased, leading to an overfishing status. Fishermen catch fish on a large scale, juvenile-sized grouper are caught, and there are indications of catching fish using fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly, such as bombs and potassium. In addition, several locations in the waters of Saleh Bay have been designated as marine conservation areas, so monitoring the utilization of the grouper fish resources is necessary. Therefore, this study aims to identify grouper fishing units, grouper utilization status and grouper fishing intensity in each fishing area, analyze grouper diversity (Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Margalef index, and Pielou index), and the condition of environmental and ecological parameters of grouper in Saleh Bay. This research was conducted in Saleh Bay, Sumbawa, West Nusa Tenggara, sample were taken from February to April 2021. Data on fish landings used included production, number of individuals, fishing gear, fishing effort, and coordinates of fishing areas. The environmental parameter data used is AQUA MODIS satellite image data, including sea surface temperature, chlorophyll-a, and currents. The analytical techniques in this study are descriptive analysis, catch per unit effort, spatial-temporal analysis, the diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener index, Simpson index, Margalef index, and Pielou index), and trophic level. The results show that the grouper fishing fleet in Saleh Bay is a small-scale fishery with fishing gearsuch as bottom longline, troll-line, hand-line, and speargun. The trend of grouper resource utilization tends to increase, and fishing efforts positively influence grouper production in Saleh Bay. Based on CPUE and Fishing Power Index values, the order of the most effective fishing gear used to catch grouper is bottom longline, troll-line, hand-line, and speargun. The grouper fishing ground carried out by fishermen is divided into several locations: Liang Island, Ngali Island, Dempu Island, Lipan Island, Raft Island, and Nusa Pudu Island. The highest fishing intensity occurred around Liang Island, Ngali Island, and Rakit Island. The high intensity of fishing was indicated by the number of fishing operations and the CPUE value in the fishing ground. In the long term, it can lead to the degradation of the grouper population. In addition, fishermen are still catching fish around Liang Island, Lipan Island, and Rakit Island, some of whose water areas have been designated conservation areas. So, increasing supervision in managing grouper fisheries in Saleh Bay is necessary. The environmental conditions of the waters consisting of currents, sea surface temperature, and chlorophyll-a indicate that from July to September, the waters of Saleh Bay experienced an increase in water fertility. The sea surface temperature from July to September ranges from 27.9℃ to 29.4℃. The chlorophyll-a concentration from July to September ranged from 0.13mg/m to 9.05 mg/m³. Fertile waters will be used by phytoplankton, phytoplankton is eaten by zooplankton, small fish eat zooplankton, and small fish eat by big fish to top predators to create a food chain in these waters. Groupers were top
Keyword: Catch per Unit Effort, Fishing Ground, Grouper, Spatial-temporal, Saleh Bay

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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