Judul: Effects of Basal Media Types, Banana Types, and Proportion of Banana Fruit Component on the Growth of Dendrobium violaceoflavens J.J. Sm. Protocorm
Abstrak: Keberhasilan kultur in vitro untuk produksi bibit anggrek Dendrobium violaceoflavens J.J. Sm. dipengaruhi oleh kesesuaian media kultur. Suplementasi pisang diketahui meningkatkan pertumbuhan in vitro anggrek Dendrobium. Terdapat beragam jenis pisang di Indonesia dan pengaruh kulit pisang sebagai alternatif suplemen media kultur anggrek Dendrobium belum diketahui. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh dan interaksi jenis pisang, campuran pisang dan jenis media dasar terhadap pertumbuhan in vitro D. violaceoflavens, serta menentukan kombinasi jenis media dasar, jenis pisang serta campuran pisang yang ideal untuk media pembesaran in vitro D. violaceoflavens. Penelitian disusun menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak-Faktorial 3 faktor perlakuan dengan 10 kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah jenis pisang yaitu pisang kepok, pisang ambon, dan pisang tanduk. Faktor kedua adalah campuran pisang (100 g L-1) yaitu 100% daging buah, 50% daging buah + 50% kulit, dan 100% kulit. Faktor ketiga adalah jenis media dasar yaitu VW, 1⁄2 MS, dan Growmore 20-20-20. Pengaruh tunggal jenis pisang, media dasar, serta campuran daging buah dan kulit pisang berpengaruh nyata terhadap seluruh peubah pertumbuhan tanaman D. violaceoflavens, kecuali peubah pertambahan tunas. Interaksi tiga faktor tidak berpengaruh nyata pada seluruh peubah yang diamati. Kulit pisang dapat mensubstitusi daging buah hingga 50% karena tidak menyebabkan penurunan kualitas tanaman yang dihasilkan. Jenis pisang tanduk pada campuran 50% daging buah + 50% kulit buah dengan media dasar Growmore merupakan media terbaik tahap subkultur kedua D. violaceoflavens karena menghasilkan tinggi tanaman, bobot segar, dan jumlah daun segar yang sama atau lebih baik dibandingkan media komersial dengan kombinasi 100% daging buah dan jenis pisang lain., The success of in vitro culture for the production of Dendrobium violaceoflavens seedling is influenced by the suitability of the culture media. Banana is known to promote in vitro orchid growth. There are various types of bananas in Indonesia and the effect of banana peels as an alternative supplement for Dendrobium orchid culture media has yet to be explored. This research aimed to analyze the primary effect and interaction of banana types, banana mixtures, and basal media on the growth of D. violaceoflavens in vitro, and also to determine the combination of basal media, banana type, and banana mixtures that are ideal for D. violaceoflavens growth in vitro.A Randomized Complete Block Design with 3 factors and 10 replications was used in this research. The first factor was banana type, namely kepok banana, ambon banana, and plantain banana. The second factor was banana mixture (100 g L-1), namely 100% pulp, 50% pulp + 50% peel, and 100% peel. The third factor was basal media, namely VW, 1⁄2 MS, and Growmore 20-20-20. Banana type, banana mixture, and basal media mainly have significant effects on all observed variables except shoot number. All three-factor interactions are not significant on all variables observed. Banana peel can substitute pulp of up to 50% without compromising in vitro growth. The combination of 50% pulp + 50% peel of plantain banana and Growmore 20-20-20 medium produced D. violaceoflavens with plant height, fresh weight, and leaf number significantly higher or not significantly lower compared to commercial media with 100% banana pulp.
Keyword: anggrek, bahan organik, in vitro, kulit pisang, media kultur, banana peel, culture media, orchid, organic complex

Judul: Production Management of Banana Seedlings (Musa spp.) at Tissue Culture Laboratory of Lebak Bulus DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Kultur jaringan merupakan metode terbaik untuk memproduksi bibit pisang yang seragam dan bebas penyakit. Kebun Bibit dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Lebak Bulus merupakan instansi yang melakukan produksi bibit pisang berbagai kultivar. Kegiatan magang memiliki tujuan umum untuk mempelajari manajemen laboratorium kultur jaringan pisang dan tujuan khusus untuk mempelajari regenerasi eksplan pisang di media tanam yang ditambahkan zat pengatur tumbuh (ZPT) pada setiap tahapan kultur jaringan yang berbeda. Tujuan umum dicapai dengan melakukan aspek manajerial sementara tujuan khusus dicapai melalui pengamatan aspek khusus. Hasil pengumpulan data pada aspek manajerial menunjukkan bahwa: (1) metode kultur jaringan yang dikembangkan di Laboratorium Lebak Bulus sudah sangat baik, (2) laboratorium perlu dirancang dengan tata ruang yang efektif, (3) organisasi dan koordinasi yang jelas dari atas ke bawah dan dari laboratorium ke kebun bibit sangat diperlukan, (4) manajemen limbah kimia sangat penting dan harus diperhatikan. Hasil pengamatan pada aspek khusus menunjukkan bahwa: (1) komposisi media tanam berbeda sesuai tahapan kultur, (2) tingkat induksi tunas saat tahap multiplikasi sangat mempengaruhi jumlah total produksi bibit, (3) benzyl amino purin (BAP) 3 mg l-1 sangat baik dalam meningkatkan induksi tunas pisang pada media MS, (4) thidiazuron (TDZ) 0,01 mg l-1 memiliki pengaruh yang sama terhadap tunas dengan auksin pada media MS, yaitu sangat baik dalam pembesaran tunas dan pembentukan organ, (5) genom dan ekspresi genetik kultivar mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tunas, namun pengaruhnya tidak sebesar pengaruh hormon tumbuhan., Tissue culture is the best method for producing uniform and disease-free banana seedlings. Lebak Bulus Nursery and Tissue Culture Laboratory is an institution that produces banana seedlings of various cultivars. The internship has a general objective of studying management of the banana tissue culture laboratory and a specific objective to study the explant regeneration of bananas in the growing media added with plant growth regulators (PGR) at each different stage of tissue culture. General objectives are achieved by carrying out managerial aspects, while specific objectives are achieved through observing specific aspects. The results of data collection on managerial aspects indicate that: (1) the tissue culture method developed at the Lebak Bulus Laboratory is proper, (2) the laboratory needs to be designed with an effective spatial plan, (3) clear organization and coordination from top to bottom and from the laboratory to the nursery is very necessary, (4) chemical waste management is very important and must be considered. The results of observations on specific aspects showed that: (1) the composition of the growing media was different according to the stage of culture, (2) the rate of shoot induction during the multiplication stage greatly affected the total amount of seedling production, (3) benzyl amino purine (BAP) 3 mg l-1 is good in increasing banana shoot induction on MS media, (4) thidiazuron (TDZ) 0.01 mg l-1 had the same effect on shoots as auxin on MS media, which was very good in bud enlargement and organ formation, (5) genome and genetics expression of cultivar affect shoot growth, but the effect is not as prominent as the influence of plant hormones.
Keyword: BAP, genome, multiplication, shoot induction, TDZ

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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