Judul: Inseminasi Buatan Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Tujuan penulisan ini ialah mengumpulkan pengetahuan tentang inseminasi buatan pada anjing, yang bahannya. diperoleh dari kepustakaan yang tersedia. Topik yang dibahas mencakup fisiologi reproduksi anjing baik betina maupun jantan dan kawin alam; sejarah inseminasi buatan pada anjing; pengelolaan inseminasi buatan yang mencakup penampungan, pengencer an dan penyimpanan semen serta tehnik inseminasi buatan: dan hasil inseminasi buatan. Inseminasi buatan telah banyak membantu memecahkan persoalan perkembangbiakan anjing, khususnya pada anjing- anjing yang mengalami kelainan fisik dan/atau jiwa baik pada betina dan/atau jantan sehingga tidak dapat melakukan kawin alam. Perbedaan letak geografi yang jauh. dan penularan penyakit melalui koitus dapat teratasi dengan inseminasi buatan. ...
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Judul: Literature Study about The Success of Artificial Insemination in Dogs based on Dose and Location of Semen Deposition in Bitch Reproductive Tract
Abstrak: Studi literatur ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji tingkat keberhasilan inseminasi buatan pada anjing berdasarkan lokasi deposisi semen dalam saluran reproduksi betina menggunakan semen segar dan beku. Studi ini menggunakan data yang dikumpulkan dari literatur ilmiah yang diterbitkan oleh Elsevier, Blackwell Publishing, dan Korean Society of Veterinary Science serta bersumber dari PubMed, ResearchGate, dan ScienceDirect. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini di antaranya dosis inseminasi, motilitas spermatozoa, pregnancy rate, dan whelping rate. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kebuntingan terjadi ketika anjing betina diinseminasi dengan dosis spermatozoa lebih dari 50 x 106 pada inseminasi intravagina dengan semen segar, 5 x 106 pada inseminasi intrauterin dengan semen beku, dan 2 x 106 pada inseminasi intratubal dengan semen segar dan 4 x 106 dengan semen beku. Rataan nilai pregnancy rate dan whelping rate yang diperoleh dari inseminasi semen segar antara lain 33.3-100.0% dan 60.0-100.0%, 90.0-100.0% dan 54.3-86.1%, dan 37.5-75.0% pada inseminasi intravagina, intrauterin, dan intratubal. Rataan nilai pregnancy rate dan whelping rate yang diperoleh dari inseminasi semen beku antara lain 33.3-80% dan 10.0-58.9%, 25.0-100.0% dan 24.5-87.5%, dan 40.0% pada inseminasi intravagina, intrauterin, dan intratubal. Studi literatur ini menunjukkan bahwa keberhasilan inseminasi buatan pada anjing tergantung pada jenis semen yang digunakan, dosis inseminasi, dan lokasi deposisi semen. Inseminasi dengan menggunakan semen segar dan semen beku secara intrauterin merupakan metode terbaik yang dapat dilakukan untuk menghasilkan pregnancy rate dan whelping rate yang tinggi., This literature study was conducted to compare the success rate of artificial insemination in dogs based on the location of semen deposition in bitch reproductive tract using fresh and frozen semen. This study used data collected from scientific literatures published by Elsevier, Blackwell Publishing, and The Korean Society of Veterinary Science and sourced from PubMed, ResearchGate, and ScienceDirect. The variables used in this study included insemination dose, sperm motility, pregnancy rate, and whelping rate. The average of pregnancy rates and whelping rates obtained from fresh semen insemination were 33.3-100.0% and 60.0-100.0%, 90.0-100.0% and 54.3-86.1%, and 37.5-75.0% for intravaginal insemination, intrauterine insemination, and intratubal insemination, respectively. The average of pregnancy rates and whelping rates obtained from frozen semen insemination were 33.3-80% and 10.0-58.9%, 25.0-100.0% and 24.5-87.5%, and 40.0% for intravaginal insemination, intrauterine insemination, and intratubal insemination, respectively. This literature study shows that the success of artificial insemination in dogs depends on the type of semen used, insemination dose, and the location of semen deposition. Intrauterine insemination with fresh and frozen semen is the best method that can be used to obtain a high pregnancy rate and whelping rate.
Keyword: artificial insemination, pregnancy rate, whelping rate, canine, deposition

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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