Judul: Pendugaan Ketenggelaman Terrestrial Robotic Vehicle (TRV) Melalui Pendekatan Jejak Kaki Manusia
Abstrak: Terrestrial Robotic Vehicles (TRVs) are necessary to be developed to support agricultural activities in Indonesia. TRVs development requires special consideration on the characteristics of the soil physical and mechanical properties related to its effect on TRV mobility. One of the detrimental effect in mobility is sinkage. Sinkage estimation has been successfully used to large vehicles is a Bekker's model (Bekker 1962 in Meirion-Griffith and Spenko 2011) however appliying Bekker model to smaller vehicles can be problematic. This model has little accuracy when used on small vehicles. This research proposes sinkage estimation model for TRV using a simpler method, that is using water capacity, bulk density and human foot pressure parameters. The proposed model of sinkage is zksa= -15.21 + 0.318Pskn + 2.615ka0-5 - 59.85ρ0-5 for female subjects and zkdc = -18.597 + 0.190Pkr + 1.919ka0-5 - 36.235ρ0-5 for male subjects however the verification results showed both models have a low accuracy, therefore both models needs to be improved.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), water capacity, TRVs, sinkage, pressure, human footprints

Judul: Pendugaan Kedalaman Tekan Roda Traktor Roda Empat Berbasis Uji Kedalaman Tekan Telapak Kaki Manusia
Abstrak: Load of a tractor on certain terrain condition may cause sinkage, which results motion resistance on its four wheels. This motion resistance reduces its mobility and decreasing work capacity. This research was aimed to predict the sinkage of a fourwheel tractor based on human footprint approximation. The parameters examined for the sinkage prediction were pressure and the physical properties of soil. Based on the observations, water content can be used as representative of other soil properties. Through linear regression analysis, some equation models for predicting human footprint and tractor sinkage were obtained. The equation models employed water content and normal pressure as the independent variables. Those models were then compared with the observed tractor’s sinkage to find the best fitted model. Equation model zkskid = 12.804 - 0.275(ka) + 6.56(P) through male subject and zkdkab = 18.028 - 0.262(ka) - 7.304(P) through female subject were the best fitted model that can be used for sinkage prediction of four-wheel tractors.
Keyword: soil, equation model, sinkage, footprint, tractor, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
Keyword: