Judul: Masalah Perutean Kendaraan Listrik Multi-Perjalanan dengan Keberadaan Stasiun Penukaran Baterai
Abstrak: Dengan meningkatnya kesadaran terhadap emisi gas rumah kaca, masyarakat lebih cenderung menggunakan kendaraan listrik dalam berbagai layanan distribusi. Masalah rute pendistribusian dapat diselesaikan dengan menggunakan Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP). EVRP merupakan perluasan dari VRP klasik dengan kendala keterbatasan kapasitas baterai sehingga kendaraan listrik diharuskan mengunjungi stasiun penukaran baterai dalam perjalanan. Pada makalah ini akan dijelaskan tentang Multiple Trips Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (MTEVRP) dengan keberadaan Stasiun Penukaran Baterai Kendaraan Listrik Umum (SPBKLU). Kendaraan listrik dapat melakukan lebih dari satu kali perjalanan dalam memenuhi permintaan tiap lokasi. Fungsi objektifnya bertujuan meminimumkan konsumsi energi baterai pada kendaraan listrik serta meminimumkan jarak tempuh, di mana kedua hal tersebut berbanding lurus dengan biaya pengiriman maka dengan meminimumkan kedua hal tersebut secara otomatis dapat meminimumkan biaya pengiriman. Permasalahan ini akan diselesaikan dengan metode eksak yaitu Integer Linear Programming., In connection with the increasing awareness of greenhouse gas emissions, people are more inclined to use electric vehicles in various distribution services. The distribution route problem can be solved using the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem (EVRP). EVRP is an extension of the classic VRP with the constraint of limited battery capacity so that electric vehicles are required to visit recharging stations on the way. In this study, we will explain the Multiple Trips Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Battery Swapping Stations. The electric vehicle can make more than one trip to fulfill the demand of each location. The objective function is minimizing the electric vehicle's battery energy consumption and the travel distance, both of which are directly proportional to the shipping cost, so minimizing these two things can automatically minimize the shipping cost. This problem will be solved with an exact method: Integer Linear Programming.
Keyword: battery swapping stations, electric VRP, exact method, multiple trips, MTEVRP

Judul: Pengoptimuman Proses Antar Jemput Barang Menggunakan Kendaraan Listrik
Abstrak: Sebuah perusahaan logistik perlu menentukan rute yang optimal untuk meminimalkan biaya operasional dalam pendistribusian produk. Permasalahan pendistribusian ini, khususnya antar jemput barang secara simultan dapat diselesaikan dengan Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD). Peralihan kendaraan konvensional ke kendaraan listrik merupakan salah satu upaya perusahaan dalam mengurangi gas emisi rumah kaca. Pada penelitian ini akan menyelesaikan permasalahan proses antar jemput barang menggunakan kendaraan listrik yang dimodelkan dengan Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (EVRPSPD). Kendaraan listrik yang digunakan pada model ini memiliki keterbatasan daya sehingga perlu mengisi daya pada Battery Swapping Station (BSS). Selanjutnya, model akan diimplementasikan pada berbagai macam kasus berbeda yang diselesaikan menggunakan metode eksak dengan bantuan software Lingo 18.0. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa rute distribusi yang optimal dengan meminimumkan jarak serta kendaraan listrik yang mengunjungi BSS untuk pengisian ulang daya., A logistic company needs to determine the optimal route to minimize operational costs in product distribution. This distribution problem, especially the simultaneous pickup and delivery of goods can be solved using the Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (VRPSPD). The transition from conventional vehicles to electric vehicles is one of efforts carried-out by company in reducing greenhouse gas emission. This research aims to solve the pickup and delivery process problem using electric vehicles, modeled as the Electric Vehicle Routing Problem with Simultaneous Pickup and Delivery (EVRPSPD). The electric vehicles used in this model have limited power and need to recharge at a Battery Swapping Station (BSS). Furthermore, the model will be implemented in various different cases using an exact method with the assistance of Lingo 18.0 software. The results obtained include an optimal distribution route by minimizing the distance traveled and the electric vehicles visiting the BSS for recharging.
Keyword: battery swapping, VRPSPD, electric vehicle, route optimization

Judul: Waxes, policosanols and aldehydes in sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and okinawan brown sugar (kokuto)
Abstrak: Waxes, long chain alcohols and aldehydes were found in several variants of sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) and Kokuto, a non-centrifuged Okinawan cane brown sugar. Long chain alcohols, policosanols, have been reported to have beneficial effect to human health. The composition of wax in sugarcane was analyzed using HPLC with an evaporative light scattering detector. Sugarcane wax composed of 55–60% aldehydes, sterol esters and wax esters, 32–40% alcohols, and small amounts of triacylglycerols, acids and sterols. Extraction of policosanols performed effectively with hexane and methanol (20:1 v/v), while that of long chain aldehydes was with chloroform and methanol (2:1 v/v). Their composition was determined using GC with a flame ionization detector, whereas their compounds were identified using GC-MS. Sugarcane rinds contained up to 500 mg policosanols and 600 mg aldehydes per 100 g sample of Ni 22 cultivar. The content of policosanol and long chain aldehyde in Kokuto was influenced by its production systems. Compositional analysis of the end product confirmed the presence of policosanols and aldehydes up to 85 mg and 8 mg respectively per 100 g sample of Kokuto A, a product of brown sugar manufacture with open pan heating system. Octacosanol and octacosanal were found to be the major wax components in both sugarcane and Kokuto samples. This study revealed significant difference in content and composition of waxes, policosanols and long chain aldehydes between sugarcane parts, cultivars and harvesting times; also between Kokuto types and production methods.
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