Judul: Sifat Fisik, Sifat Kimia, Jumlah Sel Somatik dan Kualitas Mikrobiologis Susu Kambing Kaligesing di Cordero Farm
Abstrak: Producers and consumers are both becoming increasingly interested in goat’s milk. Consumers are attracted by its high digestibility, low allergenicity and beneficial chemical composition, more similar to human than to cow’s milk. Producers are attracted by the hope of easier access to the market of goat than of cow’s milk, production of the latter being restricted by low productivity, as well as by the possibility of making luxury products sold at increased prices. Popular dairy goat inIndonesia is Ettawa Grade (PE), one of popular strain is Kaligesing. Research on goat milk quality in Indonesia especially Kaligesing goat milk is very limited. This research important for consideration in the preparation of goat milk quality standards in Indonesia. Lactation Kaligesing does were selected from herd in Cordero Farm to determine variations of milk somatic cell counts (SCC), physco-chemical properties and microbiological quality. Individual milk samples were collected daily from morning and evening milking. Milk samples were analyzed for SCC using a breed method and for physco-chemical characteristics using milk analyzer. The conventional bacteriological method for bacterial isolation and the indirect test (IPB-1 Test) for determining udder inflammation status were employed. Daily milk production increased after parturition (1-2 weeks in lactation) and then decreased gradually as lactation advanced.Goats reached their peak milk production (2.07±0.63 L/doe per day) in approximately 2 weeks after parturition. Milk from the herd had high fat, SNF and protein contents and it can be classified as premium quality. Fat, SNF, protein, lactose, density and freezing point of Kaligesing goat relatively constant from 2 weeks of lactation to the end of lactation. IPB-1 test reaction did not effect physco-chemical properties of goat milk (P>0.05), except for pH (IPB-1 test reaction Normal higher than IPB-1 test reaction +3). Over all, 36.36% of milk samples contained more than 1.0 x l06 SCC ml-1, the legal limit for Grade A goat milk or classified as standard quality. As much as 50.65% milk samples classified as premium quality which contained less than 7.0 x 105 SCC ml-1 and 12.99% of milk samples classified as good quality which contained 7.0 x 105-1.0 x 106 SCC ml-1. Milk samples which had IPB-1 reaction +2 and +3 exceeded the maximum limit of total plate count (TPC) and Staphylococcus aureus. Milk samples which had IPB-1 reaction neutral, trace and +1 on mastitis test can be classified as premium quality with TPC <5.0 x104 ml-1. Total number of coliform bacteria for milk samples, except for samples with mastitis which had IPB-1 reaction +3 on mastitis test did not exceed 103 ml-1, maximum limit of coliform contamination.
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Judul: Correlation Between Somatic Cell Count and Composition of Sapera Goat Milk
Abstrak: Kualitas dari susu kambing dapat dipengaruhi oleh jumlah sel somatik (JSS). Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh JSS terhadap komposisi susu kambing Sapera yang dibudidayakan di Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi Bogor. Sampel susu diambil dari delapan ekor kambing Sapera setiap pekan selama tiga pekan. Pemeriksaan dilakukan untuk mengetahui kandungan lemak, berat jenis (BJ), laktosa, protein dan bahan kering tanpa lemak (BKTL) menggunakan milk analyzer, sedangkan pada parameter bahan kering (BK) dilakukan akumulasi jumlah lemak dengan BKTL serta menghitung JSS dengan metode Breed. Data sampel yang didapat, dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yakni sampel dengan JSS ≤ 1 x 106 sel/ml (kelompok JSS rendah) dan ≥ 1 x 106 sel/ml (kelompok JSS tinggi). Selanjutnya, komposisi antar dua kelompok yang didapat dianalisis menggunakan T-test serta dilakukan analisis korelasi Pearson antara JSS dengan komposisi susu. Hasil menunjukkan perbedaan sangat nyata pada lemak, BJ, laktosa, protein, BKTL dan BK antara kelompok JSS tinggi dan kelompok JSS rendah (P<0,01), sedangkan pada hasil korelasi memperlihatkan JSS memiliki korelasi positif terhadap lemak dan BK serta berkorelasi negatif dengan BJ, laktosa, protein dan BKTL. JSS tinggi menyebabkan penurunan sintesis laktosa dan proteolisis, sehingga menurunkan angka BJ, prosentase kadar protein, laktosa, BKTL dan menaikkan prosentase kadar lemak dan BK., Goat milk quality could be affected by somatic cell count (SCC). Purpose of study was to determine the affect of SCC toward the composition of Sapera goat’s milk which bred in Balai Penelitian Ternak Ciawi Bogor. Samples were taken from eight Sapera goats once every week for three weeks. The SCC calculation used Breed method and milk analyzer was used to examine and determine Sapera goat milk’s fat content, density, lactose, protein and solid non-fat (SNF). Fat and SNF was adding up to count total solid parameter. Data samples then divided in two groups which are sample SCC ≤ 1 x 106 cell/ml (low SCC group) and ≥ 1 x 106 cell/ml (high SCC group). Based on the obtained data, composition between two groups has been analyzed using T-test and correlation between SCC and milk content also has been analyzed using Pearson correlation. Result showed that there was significant distinction between fat, density, lactose, protein, SNF and solid in low SCC group and high SCC group (P<0,01), as the correlation result showed that SCC obtained positive correlation toward fat and solid but had negative correlation toward density, lactose, protein and SNF. High SCC content could reducing lactose synthesis and proteolisis as it reducing density, percentage of protein, lactose, and SNF, also increasing percentage of fat and solid.
Keyword: composition, goat milk, Sapera goat, SCC

Judul: Pemanasan Sekunder Reaksi Fusi Plasma dengan Menggunakan Radio Frequency
Abstrak: Plasma merupakan bentuk ke-empat dari materi setelah padat, cair dan gas yang terbentuk dari proses ionisasi gas. Plasma dapat digunakan dalam reaksi fusi, yaitu reaksi penggabungan dua inti atom ringan menjadi inti atom yang lebih berat sambil melepaskan energi. Untuk mendapatkan energi dari reaksi fusi, inti yang akan direaksikan harus dipanaskan pada temperatur yang sangat ekstrem tingginya. Salah satu cara agar dapat mencapai kondisi ini adalah memberikan pemanasan tambahan atau pemanasan sekunder kepada plasma dalam reaksi fusi tersebut. Nilai daya serap rata-rata ion Deuterium yang sesuai dengan selang nilai daya dari data ITER adalah daya yang menggunakan frekuensi 50 MHz sampai dengan 60 MHz. Dengan menggunakan frekuensi 60 Hz diperoleh nilai daya rata-rata yang diserap sebesar 1,235.10-12 W.
Keyword: gelombang radio, pemanasan sekunder, plasma, reaksi fusi