Judul: Kinerja Produksi dan Usaha Budidaya Ikan Cardinal Tetra  (Paracheirodon axelrodi) dengan Aplikasi Dosis Ekstrak  Daun Ketapang yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Ikan cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan hias yang memiliki peluang pasar ekspor. Pengembangan produksi ikan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui perbaikan teknologi budidaya, misalnya dengan aplikasi ekstrak daun ketapang. Daun ketapang memiliki senyawa yang memiliki peran penting yang dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan ikan hias. Lokasi penelitian berada di Jaenal Farm di Bojongsari, Depok, Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peran ekstrak daun ketapang pada budidaya ikan cardinal tetra. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan berupa aplikasi dosis ekstrak daun ketapang, yaitu 0 ppm (P0), 250 ppm (P2), 500 ppm (P5), dan 750 ppm (P7). Ikan yang digunakan adalah ikan cardinal tetra dengan ukuran panjang (1,73±0,12) cm dan bobot (0,19±0,05) g. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penggunaan 500 ppm ekstrak daun ketapang memberikan hasil terbaik, baik pada kinerja produksi maupun kinerja usaha. Hasil kinerja produksi pada perlakuan tersebut adalah tingkat kelangsungan hidup 92,93±0,83%, laju pertumbuhan spesifik bobot 2,75±0,19%/hari, laju pertumbuhan spesifik panjang 1,96±0,04%/hari, laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 0,0067±0,0007 g/hari, laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 0,045±0,001 cm/hari, koefisien keragaman bobot 19,66±2,15%, koefisien keragaman panjang 11,60±0,34%, serta RKP 1,8±0,2. Kinerja usaha terbaik pada perlakuan tersebut ditunjukkan dari nilai R/C 1,31 dan PP 0,79., Cardinal tetra fish (Paracheirodon axelrodi) is one of the ornamental fish species that has export market opportunities. Development of fish production can be done through improvements in cultivation technology, for example with the application of ketapang leaf extract. Ketapang leaves have compounds that have an important role that can increase the growth rate of ornamental fish. The research location was at Jaenal Farm in Bojongsari, Depok, West Java. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of ketapang leaf extract in the cultivation of cardinal tetra fish. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments were the application of ketapang leaf extract doses, namely 0 ppm (P0), 250 ppm (P2), 500 ppm (P5), and 750 ppm (P7). The fish used were cardinal tetra fish with a length of (1.73 ± 0.12) cm and a weight of (0.19 ± 0.05) g. The results showed that the use of 500 ppm of ketapang leaf extract was effective in reducing the weight of the fish. The results stated that the use of 500 ppm ketapang leaf extract gave the best results, both in production performance and business performance. The results of production performance in the treatment were the survival rate of 92.93 ± 0.83%, specific growth rate of weight 2.75 ± 0.19%/day, specific growth rate of length 1.96 ± 0.04%/day, absolute weight growth rate 0.0067 ± 0.0007 g/day, absolute length growth rate 0.045 ± 0.001 cm/day, coefficient of variation of weight 19.66 ± 2.15%, coefficient of variation of length 11.60 ± 0.34%, and RKP 1.8 ± 0.2. The best business performance in the treatment was indicated by the R/C value of 1.31 and PP of 0.79.
Keyword: almond leaf, business performance, ornamental fish tetra, production performance

Judul: Performance of Production and Business on Cardinal  Tetra Fish Grow-out in Different Water Replacement Percentages per Week
Abstrak: Ikan cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan hias air tawar yang banyak diminati dan memiliki peluang pasar yang bagus. Kualitas air yang optimal akan mendukung usaha budidaya ikan cardinal tetra. Salah satu cara untuk memperbaiki kualitas air selama masa pemeliharaan dengan menerapkan sistem pergantian air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kinerja produksi ikan cardinal tetra dengan persentase pergantian air per minggu yang berbeda. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan yaitu rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Ketiga perlakuan adalah pergantian air sebanyak 20% (A), pergantian air sebanyak 35% (B), dan pergantian air sebanyak 50% dari volume total air pemeliharaan per minggu (C). Ukuran ikan cardinal tetra yang ditebar adalah ikan yang berukuran small-medium (SM) dengan panjang rata rata 1,72±0,10 cm dan bobot rata-rata 0,16±0,02 g dan ditebar sebanyak 5 ekor/L. Ikan dipelihara selama 28 hari dan diberi pakan berupa pakan buatan komersial dengan metode at satiation. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase pergantian air sebanyak 50% menghasilkan kinerja produksi terbaik berupa tingkat kelangsungan hidup 93,80±0,60% dan laju pertumbuhan mutlak panjang 0,0410±0,0009 cm/hari. Perlakuan tersebut juga memberikan kinerja usaha terbaik dengan menghasilkan harga pokok produksi sebesar Rp606,00, payback period 0,87 tahun dan R/C 1,27., The cardinal tetra fish (Paracheirodon axelrodi) is one of the popular freshwater ornamental fish species that has good market potential. Optimal water quality will supports the culture of cardinal tetra fish. One way to improve water quality during the culture period is by implementing a water exchange system. This research was aimed to analyze the production performance of cardinal tetra fish reared at different weekly water exchange percentage. The research design used was a completely randomized design with three treatments in triplicates. The three treatments consisted of 20% (A), 35% (B), and 50% of exchange water of the total water volume per week (C). The stocking size of the cardinal tetra fish was small medium (SM) with an average length of 1.72 ± 0.10 cm and an average weight of 0.16 ± 0.02 g, at a density of 5 fish/L. The fish were reared for 28 days and fed with commercial pellets using the at satiation method. The results showed that a 50% water exchange percentage resulted in the best production performance, including a survival rate of 93.80 ± 0.60% and absolute growth rate of 0.0410±0.0009 cm/day. This treatment also provided the best economic performance with a production cost of Rp606.00, a payback period of 0.87 years and a R/C of 1.27.
Keyword: culture, paracheirodon axelrodi, performance of business, performance of production, water changes

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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