Judul: Serangga parasit hama lalat buah belimbing Dacus dorsalis Hendel ( DIPTERA : TEPHRITIDAE ) di Bogor
Abstrak: Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Pebruari 1984 sampai April 1984, dan bertujuan untuk menginventarisasi serangga parasit D. dorsalis di Bogor. Buah belimbing yang terserang lalat buah D. dorsalis di lapang dikumpulkan dan disimpan di laboratorium. Pupa D. dorsalis yang terbentuk dimasukkan ke dalam kapsul plastik. Serangga parasit yang keluar dari pupa D. dorsalis adalah Opius (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) dan satu spesies anggota famili Eulophidae (Hymenoptera).
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Judul: Lalat Frugivor pada Berbagai Jenis Buah-Buahan di Bogor dan Sekitarnya
Abstrak: Tanaman buah-buahan banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia dan memiliki potensi dan peluang dalam perekonomian negara. Masalah utama produksi buahbuahan adalah hama serangga yang menyerang buah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk melakukan inventarisasi lalat frugivor yang berasosiasi dengan tanaman buah-buahan tertentu. Buah-buahan yang diduga diserang lalat buah dikumpulkan dari lahan pertanaman di Bogor dan sekitarnya, dibawa dan dipelihara di laboratorium sampai imago muncul. Hasil menunjukkan Bactrocera dorsalis Drew & Hancock (Diptera: Tephritidae) muncul dari buah jambu biji, belimbing, rambutan, dan sirsak; sedangkan Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock dari jambu biji, jambu air, belimbing, jeruk bali, dan loa; dan Bactrocera albistrigata de Meijere hanya dari jambu air. Silba capsicarum McAlpine (Diptera: Lonchaeidae) muncul dari belimbing dan jambu biji. Zaprionus bogoriensis Mainx (Diptera: Drosophilidae) sebagian besar muncul dari rambutan, sedangkan Scaptodrosophila lurida Walker kebanyakan muncul dari jeruk bali. Parasitoid yang berasosiasi dengan buah yang terinfeksi oleh Bactrocera adalah Fopius arisanus Sonan dan Diachasmimorpha longicaudata Ashmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
Keyword: buah-buahan, Diptera, lalat frugivor

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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