Judul: Ekstraksi propolis dan sintesis nanopropolis lebah madu Trigono spp
Abstrak: Propolis merupakan bahan perekat dari resin yang dikumpulkan lebah pekerja dari kuncup, kulit kayu, dan bagian tumbuhan lainnya. Propolis kaya akan manfaat, diantaranya sebagai antibakteri, antivirus, dan antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan mencari metode ekstraksi dan sintesis nanopropolis yang akan menghasilkan efektivitas tinggi serta mengetahui aktivitas antibakteri dan mengetahui nilai optimasi nanopropolis sebagai antibakteri terhadap bakteri E. coli. Propolis diekstrak menggunakan metode maserasi dengan modifikasi MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). Selanjutnya pembuatan nanopropolis menggunakan metode Aimi yang dimodifikasi dengan teknik homogenisasi kecepatan tinggi, harapannya nanopropolis dapat lebih efektif dibandingkan propolis sebagai antibakteri. Rendemen ekstrak propolis yang diperoleh sebesar 10.93%. Nilai PSA (particle size analyzer) dari nanopropolis memiliki sebaran 176.30 nm, 205.10 nm, dan 295.80 nm. Hasil pengujian antibakteri nanopropolis dengan metode difusi cakram terhadap E. coli, menunjukkan nanopropolis tidak bersifat antibakteri terhadap E. coli, karena tidak menghasilkan zona bening diarea kertas cakram. Hasil dari ampisilin menunjukkan hal yang sama, yaitu tidak bersifat antibakteri terhadap E. coli.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Antibacterial, Nanopropolis, Propolis

Judul: Ekstraksi Propolis dan Sintesis Nanopropolis Lebah Madu Trigona spp
Abstrak: Propolis is a resin adhesive material collected from worker bees from the buds, bark, and other plant parts. Propolis have many benefits are as antibacterial, aniviral, and anticancer. The purpose of this study is to search method of extraction and nanopropolis synthesis that will produce the high effectiveness, knowing antibacterial activity and knowing value of optimization nanopropolis as antibacterial against E. coli . Propolis extracted uses the method maceration with modification MAE (microwave-assisted extraction). Futhermore synthesis of nanopropolis use Aimi methode modified by high speed homogenization, hopefully nanopropolis more effective than propolis as antibacterial. The yield of propolis extract is 10.93%. The values of PSA from nanopropolis are 176.30 nm, 205.10 nm, and 295.80 nm. Result activity antibacterial nanopropolis with disc diffusion methode againts E. coli indicated nanopropolis does not have antibacterial, because nanopropolis does not produce cleare zones in disc paper area. The result from ampicilin is does not have antibacterial againts E. coli.
Keyword: antibacterial, nanopropolis, propolis.

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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