Judul: Penghilangan H2s dan Nh3 dengan Teknik Biofilter Pada Gudang Penyimpanan Leum Pabrik Karet
Abstrak: Emisi amoniak yang terdapat pada gudang leum pabrik karet PTPN VIII Cikumpay berkisar antara 0.01-0.46 ppm sehingga masih berada dibawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan pemerintah yaitu 2 ppm. Emisi hidrogen sulfida berkisar antara 0-1.9 ppm, berada diatas baku mutu yang ditetapkan pemerintah yaitu 0.02 ppm. Karakteristik bahan pengisi awal biofilter 1 memiliki kadar air 35.34% dan nilai pH 5.0. Kandungan N total, S total dan C total biofilter 1 secara berurutan adalah 0.18%; 0.13%; 17.03%. Bahan pengisi awal biofilter 2 memiliki kadar air 38.30% dan pH 4.8. Kandungan N total, S total dan C biofilter 2 secara berurutan adalah 0.17%; 0.06%; 15.04%.
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Judul: Penerapan biofilter untuk penghilangan NH3 dan H2S dengan menggunakan bakteri Nitrosomonas sp dan Thiobacillus sp di pabrik latek pekat
Abstrak: Karet merupakan salah satu komoditi hasil pertanian yang sangat besar. Jumlah produksi karet Indonesia pada tahun 2004 mencapai 1.851 juta ton yang terdiri dari perkebunan rakyat dan perkebunan besar. Karena jumlah produksi karet yang sangat besar, maka industri karet di Indonesia mengalami perkembangan seperti industri RSS (Ribbed smoked sheet), karet remah dan lateks pekat. Berkembangnya industri ini menghasilkan masalah baru yaitu pencemaran lingkungan. Salah satunya adalah pencemaran udara yang dihasilkan dari parik lateks pekat dimana lateks pekat ini membutuhkan amoniak yang cukup banyak dalam proses produksinya dan menghasilkan gas H2S dari limbah cair dan lump. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kemampuan teknik biofilter dalam mengatasi permasalahan emisi gas yang dikeluarkan dari pabrik lateks pekat. Tujuan khususnya adalah menentukan kapasitas penyerapan emisi gas pada masing-masing biofilter dan menentukan campuran bahan pengisi tambahan terhadap kinerja biofilter berdasarkan kemampuan menghilangkan emisi gas amoniak dan hidrogen sulfida.
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis