Judul: Gene Expression and Blood Profiles of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Resistant to Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Salah satu kendala yang sering terjadi dalam budidaya ikan nila adalah penyakit bakterial yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak infeksi bakteri patogen adalah dengan melakukan evaluasi respons imun secara molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respons imun ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) terhadap infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila berdasarkan ekspresi gen mhc1, lisozim (lysc), dan interleukin (il1b) serta gambaran darah di jaringan hati ikan pascainfeksi. Perlakuan infeksi diberikan melalui penyuntikan ikan nila dengan 0,1 mL bakteri A. hydrophila dosis LD50 secara intramuskular, dan pada ikan kontrol dilakukan penyuntikan dengan 0,1 mL PBS. Selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi jaringan, analisis darah, ekstraksi RNA dan sintesis cDNA, serta analisis ekspresi gen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada ikan yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 21,42%, sedangkan pada ikan kontrol tidak ditemukan kematian. Ekspresi gen mhc1,lysc dan il1b ikan nila resistan cenderung lebih tinggi daripada ikan nila yang rentan pascainfeksi A. hydrophila. Gambaran darah yang meliputi hematokrit, jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan kadar hemoglobin pada ikan nila tahan infeksi (resistan) A. hydrophila menunjukkan kecenderungan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ikan nila yang tidak tahan infeksi (rentan)., One of the obstacles that often occurs in tilapia cultivation is bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. Efforts that can be made to reduce the impact of pathogenic bacterial infections include conducting a molecular evaluation of the immune response. This study aims to evaluate the immune response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to A. hydrophila infection based the expression of mhc1, lysozyme (lysc), and interleukin (il1b) genes and on blood profiles in the liver tissue after infection. Infection treatment was given by injecting tilapia fish with 0.1 mL of the LD50 dose of A. hydrophila bacteria intramuscularly, and control fish were injected with 0.1 mL of PBS. Then, tissue isolation, blood analysis, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and gene expression analysis were carried out. The results of the study showed that fish infected with A. hydrophila had a survival rate of 21.42%, while no deaths were found in control fish. The expression of the mhc1, lysc, and il1b genes in resistant tilapia tended to be higher than in susceptible fish after A. hydrophila infection. Blood profiles including hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin levels in resistant tilapia to A. hydrophila infection tends to have higher level compared to susceptible fish.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Oreochromis niloticus, il1b, lysc

Judul: Actinomycetes isolate 20 PM Extract as An Antibioifilm for Treatment of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Infected by Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) merupakan komoditas perikanan air tawar yang memiliki keunggulan seperti memiliki teknologi budidaya yang sudah berkembang, ekonomis tinggi, pertumbuhan yang relatif cepat, dan dapat berkembang biak sepanjang musim. Ikan nila rentan terserang penyakit Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Beberapa bakteri patogen termasuk A. hydrophila dapat membentuk biofilm yang membuat bakteri pembentuknya tahan pada berbagai kondisi ekstrem dan bersifat resisten sehingga mengharuskan penggunaan antibiotik dengan dosis tinggi yang dapat menyebabkan bakteri di lingkungan perairan menjadi resistan serta menimbulkan residu pada produk akuakultur. Untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini, maka diperlukan eksplorasi senyawa antibiofilm yang berasal dari tumbuhan, spons laut maupun bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas antibiofilm dari ekstrak isolat Actinomycetes 20 PM untuk pengobatan ikan nila yang diinfeksi oleh A. hydrophila. Ikan nila yang digunakan berbobot rata-rata 28,89 ± 0,78 gram dan panjang rata-rata 11,7 ± 0,24 cm serta dilakukan uji tantang selama 14 hari. Perlakuan yang diberikan meliputi kontrol negatif (K-), kontrol positif (K+), kontrol antibiotik (KA), dan ekstrak Actinomycetes 20 PM (EK) sebanyak tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diukur dan diamati meliputi gejala klinis, kelangsungan hidup (KH), laju pertumbuhan harian (LPH), respons imun (total sel darah merah, total sel darah putih, kadar hemoglobin, kadar hematokrit, aktivitas fagositik), dan kualitas air. Pemberian ekstrak dapat menunjukkan hasil KH dan respons imun yang lebih baik daripada perlakuan K+ dan berbeda nyata (P<0,05) dengan perlakuan K+, namun LPH tidak menunjukkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (P>0,05) untuk semua perlakuan. Kesimpulan penelitian ini bahwa ekstrak antibiofilm dari Actinomycetes 20 PM dapat digunakan untuk mengobati ikan nila dari infeksi bakteri patogen A. hydrophila., Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is a freshwater fishery commodity that has advantages such as having developed aquaculture technology, high economy, relatively fast growth, and can breed throughout the season. Them susceptible to Motile Aeromonas Septicaemia (MAS) caused by Aeromonas hydrophila. Several pathogenic bacteria including A. hydrophila, can form biofilms that make the bacteria that form them tolerate to various extreme conditions and are resistant, thus requiring the use of high doses of antibiotics that can cause bacteria in aquatic environment to become resistant and cause residues in aquaculture products. To solve this problem, it is necessary to explore antibiofilm compounds derived from plants, marine sponges, and bacteria. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of antibiofilm from Actinomycetes 20 PM isolate extract for treatment of tilapia infected by A. hydrophila. Tilapia used an average weight of 28.89 ± 0.78 gram and an average length of 11.7 ± 0.24 cm which was challenged for 14 days. The treatments given included negative control (K-), positive control (K+), antibiotic control (KA), and Actinomycetes 20 PM isolate extract (EK) with three replications. Parameters measured and observedin each of three replications included clinical symptoms, survival rate (SR), specific growth rate (SGR), immune response (total red blood cells, total white blood cells, hemoglobin levels, hematocrit levels, phagocytic activity), and water quality. Giving the extract can show the results of SR and better immune response than the K+ treatment and significantly different (P<0.05) with the K+ treatment, but SGR did not show significantly different results for
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Actinomycetes 20 PM, antibiofilm, biofilm, ikan nila

Judul: Pelabelan Super Vertex Magic
Abstrak: Super vertex magic labeling is labeling on graph with is a set of edges mapped into and is a set of vertices mapped into . It has a vertex magic labeling in which and represents the size and order of the graph respectively. This manuscript proves that paths, cyclics, and disjoint union of cyclics have a super vertex magic labeling. There are four theorems to be discussed. The first theorem proves that path is super vertex magic if and only if is odd and . The second theorem proves that cyclic is super vertex magic if and only if is odd. The third theorem proves that bijection function from an edge set onto of graph can be extended to a super vertex magic labeling if and only if the set amount of edge label that incidents with a vertex in the graph, consists of sequential integers as many as vertices in the graph. The fourth theorem proves that disjoint union of the cyclics consists of cyclics with each cyclic has vertices is super vertex magic if and only if and are odd.
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