Judul: Analisis Manfaat Ekonomi dan Kontribusi Usahatani Padi Hibrida dan Inbrida Terhadap Ekonomi Rumah Tangga (Studi Kasus Desa Clumprit Kecamatan Pagelaran Kabupaten Malang)
Abstrak: Permintaan beras semakin meningkat seiring meningkatnya jumlah penduduk. Berbagai upaya inovasi dan teknologi dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas padi Salah satu upaya adalah dengan menggunakan benih padi varietas unggul hibrida. Padi hibrida akan tumbuh dengan baik jika ditanam pada daerah dengan biofisik yang sesuai Kabupaten Malang merupakan kabupaten terbesar yang ditanami padi hibrida mencapai 34 108 ha. Salah satu daerah dengan biofisik yang sesuai dan menjadi pengembangan padi hibrida adalah di Kabupaten Malang yaitu di Kecamatan Pagelaran, Desa Chumprit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis struktur biaya usahatani padi hibrida dan padi inbrida, menganalisis manfaat ekonomi usahatani padi hibrida dan inbrida, serta menganalisis besarnya kontribusi usahatani padi hibrida dan padi inbrida terhadap ekonomi rumah tangga. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah analisis struktur binya menggunakan dua jenis biaya yaitu biaya tunai dan tidak tunai. Analisis manfaat ekonomi dengan melihat manfaat dari peningkatan pendapatan, penyerapan tenaga kerja, dan penghematan input usahatani Analisis kontribusi penerimaan rumah tangga petani yang berasal dari penerimaan usahatani padi usahatani non padi, usahaternak, dan di luar usahatani Hasil dari penelitian menunjukkan biaya total rata-rata usahatani padi hibrida per hektar per musim tanam lebih besar dari usahatani padi inbrida. Komponen biaya yang menyebabkan biaya padi hibrida lebih besar adalah biaya pupuk, biosida dan tenaga kerja. Jumlah penerimaan, pendapatan dan R/C ratio usahatani padi hibrida lebih besar dari usahatani padi inbrida. Peningkatan pendapatan yang diperoleh petani Desa Clumprit mencapai Rp 16 juta per tahun, penyerapan tenaga kerja sebanyak 213 orang dalam satu musim tanam Nilai manfaat penyerapan tenaga kerja mencapai Rp 218 juta per musim tanam atau Rp 436 juta per tahun. Penggunaan padi hibrida dapat menghemat biaya produksi sebesar Rp 88 juta per tahun jika seluruh sawah di Desa Clumprit ditanami padi hibrida. Dari berbagai penerimaan yang diterima petani didapat kontribusi usahatani padi hibrida terhadap penerimaan rumah tangga mencapai 48,18%....
Keyword: Contribution, Cost structure, Economic benefit, Hybrid rice, Inbred rice, Rice demand, Ekstern usahatani, Farming constribution, Biaya usahatani, Biosida, Sewa lahan

Judul: Analisis Pendapatan Usahatani dan Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Produksi Padi Hibrida dan Inbrida (Studi Kasus Desa Suru, Kecamatan Doko, Kabupaten Blitar, dan Desa Clumprit, Kecamatan Pagelaran, Kabupaten Malang, Jawa Timur)
Abstrak: Food is a one of based necessary that must be completed by human. One of food that being a main necessary for Indonesia people is rice. In a row of total society improvement, necessary of rice will grow every years. Rice demand in Indonesia can not be completed all by a rice production in Indonesia. This problem make a goverment take a policy by making rice import in short term and innovation utilize of hybrid seeds for improving a rice production in long term. Blitar and Malang district were areas which have a wide land of hybrid rice at East Java. Suru Village - Doko sub district and Clumprit village - Pagelaran sub district were have hybrid rice land. First purpose of this research was to analyze the characteristic of hybrid and non-hybrid rice for agricultural business which use by farmers at Suru Village and Clumprit Village with descriptive analysis. Second purpose of this research was to analyze income rate of farmers which use hybrid and non-hybrid rice at Suru Village and Clumprit Village by using π = TR-TCdan R/C ratio method. Based on this research the farmers of hybrid rice get a higher income rather than farmers of non-hybrid rice. The business of hybrid and non-hybrid rice agriculture were suitable to do because R/C ratio of agricultural business based on total cost and cash cost were higher than one. Third purpose of this research was to know about factors that influenced hybrid and non-hybrid of rice production at Suru Village and Clumprit Village by using a linear regression. Based on result, factors that influenced rice production were seeds, organic fertilizer, solid pesticide, labour, and production difference between hybrid rice and non-hybrid rice.
Keyword: rice income, production, non-hybrid rice, hybrid rice

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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