Judul: Bioconversion of Organic Waste into Bird Song Feed Using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larvae
Abstrak: Limbah organik merupakan limbah dengan fraksi terbesar yang mencapai 57,58% di Indonesia dan dapat diolah salah satunya dengan menggunakan larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) dalam proses biokonversi. BSF juga memiliki kandungan protein yang tinggi (40-50%) sehingga dapat dijadikan sebagai alternatif substitusi protein pada pakan burung kicau. Penelitian dilakukan untuk menganalisis karakteristik hasil biokonversi limbah organik dengan larva BSF, memproduksi pakan burung kicau berbasis larva BSF hasil biokonversi, dan menganalisis mutu pakan serta pengaruhnya terhadap karakter kicauan burung jalak kebo (Acridotheres javanicus). Hasil biokonversi limbah organik dengan larva BSF mencapai persen reduksi hingga 80,0%, WRI (Waste Reduction Indeks) 5,7%, dan FMCR (Fresh Matter Consumption Rate) 49,5 mg/larva/hari. Larva BSF dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan tambah protein pada pakan burung kicau sebanyak 15% (P1) dan 20% (P2). Variasi pakan P1 dan P2 memenuhi SNI 8512:2018 kategori I. Kicau burung yang diberikan pakan P2 memiliki frekuensi maksimal hingga 11551 Hz, durasi hingga 0,271 detik, kekuatan suara hingga 54,8 dB dan amplitudo hingga 6,306 kU., Organic waste is the largest waste fraction up to 57,58% in Indonesian and can be treated by using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae in the bioconversion process. BSF also has a high protein content (40-50%) that can be used as an alternative to substitute the protein source of songbird feed. This research was conducted to analyze the characteristics of bioconversion result from organic waste with BSF larvae, to produce songbird feed based on bioconversion of BSF larvae, and to analyze the quality of feed and its effect on the characteristic of jalak kebo (Acridotheres javanicus) birdsong. The results of bioconversion of organic waste with BSF larvae reached a reduction percentage up to 80%, WRI (Waste Reduction Indeks) 5,7%, and FMCR (Fresh Matter Consumption Rate) 49,5 mg/larvae/day. BSF larvae can be used as additional component of protein in songbird feed as much as 15% (P1) and 20% (P2). Variation feed of P1 and P2 fulfilled for SNI 8512: 2018 in category I. Birdsong that have fed with P2 feed have a maximum frequency up to 11551 Hz, duration until 0,271 seconds, sound power up to 54,8, and amplitude up to 6,306 kU.
Keyword: Acridotheres javanicus, biokonversi, black soldier fly, limbah organik

Judul: Biokonversi Limbah Organik Pasar Agrobis Magetan Menjadi Protein Pakan Ternak Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly
Abstrak: Salah satu pengolahan limbah organik yang ramah lingkungan adalah biokonversi limbah organik menggunakan larva black soldier fly (BSF). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik dekomposisi limbah organik Pasar Agrobis dengan larva BSF, serta mengaplikasikan dan mengkaji mutu pakan pengolahan larva BSF sebagai alternatif substitusi protein bagi pakan ternak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret-April 2022 di Kabupaten Magetan, Jawa Timur. Karakteristik dekomposisi limbah padat organik menggunakan larva BSF diidentifikasi dengan waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter reduction (DMR), dan dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). Nilai WRI dan FMCR untuk limbah organik Pasar Agrobis selama 15 hari, yaitu 3,2%/hari dan 32,1 mg/larva/hari. Nilai persen DMR sebesar 84,4% dan nilai DMCR sebesar 27,1 mg/larva/hari. Aplikasi larva BSF sebagai substitusi protein pakan memenuhi persyaratan mutu pakan berdasarkan SNI 8173:2015, kecuali lemak kasar dan serat kasar. Pertambahan bobot ayam broiler umur 8-21 hari (starter) dan 21 hari ke atas (finisher) selama 12 hari berbeda nyata terhadap pakan komersial (p>0,05) dengan nilai rasio konversi pakan (RKP) lebih rendah., One of the environmentally friendly organic waste treatments is the bioconversion of organic waste using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. This study aims to analyze the decomposition characteristics of organic waste in the Agrobis Market with BSF larvae, apply, and examine the quality of animal feed from BSF larvae as an alternative to protein substitution. The study was conducted in March-April 2022 in Magetan Regency, East Java. Characteristics of the decomposition of organic waste using BSF larvae were identified with waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter reduction (DMR), and dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). The value of WRI and FMCR organic waste for 15 days were 3,2%/day and 32,1 mg/larva/day. The percent DMR was 84,4% and DMCR was 27,1 mg/larva/day. The application of BSF larvae as protein substitution meets the animal feed quality based on SNI 8173:2015, except for crude lipid and fiber. The growth gain of broiler aged 8-21 days (starter) and above 21 days (finisher) for 12 days obtained significantly different against commercial feed (p>0.05) with a lower food convertion ratio (FCR) value.
Keyword: Agrobis Market, bioconversion, black soldier fly, broiler

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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