Judul: Aplikasi Rekombinan Viral Inhibitor Protein melalui Pakan Buatan pada Udang Vaname dengan Waktu Berbeda setelah Infeksi WSSV
Abstrak: Salah satu penyakit yang banyak menyerang udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) dan menyebabkan banyak kerugian bagi pembudidaya yaitu penyakit white spot yang disebabkan oleh white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Udang memiliki sistem pertahanan tubuh yang melibatkan viral inhibitor protein (VIP) yang bersifat resistan terhadap WSSV. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kinerja rekombinan VIP pada udang vaname yang diaplikasikan melalui pakan buatan serta menguji waktu pemberian rekombinan VIP yang paling efektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Reproduksi dan Genetika Organisme Akuatik, Departemen Budidaya Perairan, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, IPB University. Terdapat lima perlakuan ; K-, K+, VIP1, VIP2, dan VIP3. Prosedur kerja meliputi persiapan wadah, persiapan hewan uji, persiapan inokulum WSSV, pengadaan VIP, pengujian lethal dose 50, uji tantang, dan konfirmasi WSSV. Parameter uji yang diukur pada penelitian ini yaitu tingkat kelangsungan hidup (TKH), total haemocyte count (THC), dan aktivitas phenoloxidase (PO). Data diolah dengan Microsoft Excel 2019 dan dianalisis dengan analisis ragam (ANOVA). Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu pemberian VIP satu hari setelah uji tantang memberikan hasil terbaik dengan TKH pada akhir pemeliharaan sebesar 56,6% atau dua kali lebih tinggi daripada kontrol yang tidak diberi VIP. Udang yang diberi perlakuan tersebut juga memiliki THC dan aktivitas PO tertinggi (p<0,05) dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya pada akhir pemeliharaan. Dengan demikian pemberian VIP pada waktu yang tepat dapat mengurangi kematian udang vaname akibat infeksi WSSV, Application of Recombinant Viral Inhibitor Protein Through Artificial Feed on White Shrimp with Different Time After WSSV Infection. Supervised by Alimuddin, and Dinar Tri Soelistyowati. One of the many diseases that attack white shrimp and cause many losses in the shrimp industry is white spot disease caused by the white spot syndrome virus (WSSV). Shrimp have a body defense system that involves viral inhibitor protein (VIP) which is resistant to WSSV. This study aimed to analyze the performance of recombinant VIP in white shrimp, which was applied through artificial feed, and to evaluate the most effective time to administer recombinant VIP. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Reproduction and Genetics of Aquatic Organisms, Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, IPB University. There are five treatments; K-, K+, VIP1, VIP2, VIP3. The work procedure includes preparation of containers, preparation of test animals, preparation of WSSV inoculum, VIP culture, lethal dose 50 test, challenge test, and confirmation of WSSV. The test parameters measured in this study were Survival Rate (TKH), THC, and Phenoloxidase Activity (PO). Data were processed with Microsoft Excel 2019 and analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of this study are that giving VIP one day after the challenge test gave the best results with a survival rate at the end of maintenance of 56.6% or twice as high as non-VIP controls. The treated shrimp also had the highest total hemocyte value and PO activity (p<0.05) compared to other treatments at the end of rearing. Thus, the provision of VIP at the right time can reduce the mortality of vaname shrimp due to WSSV infection.
Keyword: Litopenaeus vannamei, VIP, White shrimp, WSSV

Judul: Effect of Giving Recombinant Viral Inhibitor Protein (VIP) on Vannamei Shrimp with Different Doses After Infected with WSSV
Abstrak: Penyakit white spot akibat WSSV menjadi faktor besar yang dapat memengaruhi kemunduran industri budidaya udang vaname karena memiliki virulensi yang tinggi, yaitu menyebabkan mortalitas hingga 100% dalam waktu 3–10 hari sejak terinfeksi. Alternatif yang dapat dilakukan yaitu pemberian rekombinan viral inhibitor protein (VIP) untuk menghambat aktivitas WSSV secara langsung sehingga dapat menurunkan tingkat kematian pada udang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan dosis VIP optimal yang diaplikasikan melalui pakan terhadap tingkat mortalitas dan respons imun udang vaname yang telah terinfeksi WSSV. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan enam ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari K- (tanpa VIP dan tanpa diuji tantang WSSV), K+ (tanpa VIP dan diuji tantang WSSV), V1 (dosis VIP 5 mg/kg pakan dan diuji tantang WSSV), dan V2 (dosis VIP 7,5 mg/kg pakan dan diuji tantang WSSV). Udang diuji tantang WSSV lalu dipelihara selama tujuh hari dengan kepadatan 50 ekor dalam 5 L air. Protein VIP diberikan pada satu hari setelah udang terinfeksi. Hasil penelitian secara signifikan (P<0,05) menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan VIP memiliki nilai TM yang lebih rendah dan respons imun yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan K+. Pemberian VIP 7,5 mg/kg pakan menunjukkan nilai TM dan respons imun terbaik., White spot disease due to WSSV is a major factor that can affect the decline of the vannamei shrimp aquaculture industry because it has high virulence, which causes mortality up to 100% within 3–10 days from infection. An alternative that can be use is by giving recombinant viral inhibitor protein (VIP) to inhibit WSSV activity directly so that it can decrease the mortality rate of shrimp from WSSV infection. This study aimed to obtain the optimal dose of VIP which was applied through feed to the mortality rate and immune responses of vannamei shrimp that had been exposed to WSSV. This study consisted of four treatments and six replications. The treatments consisted of K- (without VIP and not being challenged with WSSV), K+ (without VIP and challenged with WSSV), V1 (VIP dose 5 mg/kg feed and challenged with WSSV), and V2 (VIP dose 7,5 mg/kg feed and challenged with WSSV). Shrimp were challenged with WSSV and then maintained for seven days at a density of 50 individuals in 5 L of water. VIP protein was given one day after the shrimp was infected. The results showed significantly (P<0,05) that the VIP treatment had a lower MR value and a higher immune responses values compared to K+. Giving VIP 7,5 mg/kg of feed showed the best resistance and immune responses values.
Keyword: respons imun, tingkat mortalitas, VIP, WSSV

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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