Judul: Kaji Ulang Neraca Air Daerah Irigasi  Waduk Cengklik Kabupaten Boyolali
Abstrak: Waduk Cengklik memiliki luas daerah tangkapan air 25,016 km2 dengan Daerah Irigasi sebesar 1957 Ha. Terjadi penurunan kapasitas volume waduk sebesar 43,57% akibat adanya sedimentasi. Perubahan tata guna lahan di daerah tangkapan air waduk berdampak terhadap ketersediaan air. Oleh karena itu, perhitungan neraca air diperlukan sebagai upaya dalam mengetahui kesanggupan waduk memenuhi kebutuhan air irigasi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penentuan ketersediaan air adalah F.J.Mock dan kebutuhan air digunakan metode berdasarkan kriteria perencanaan irigasi (KP-01). Nilai rata-rata evapotranspirasi potensial pada tahun 2013-2022 berada pada interval 40,97 mm/bulan – 66,11 mm/bulan. Debit ketersediaan air berada pada interval 0,003 m³/dt – 1,550 m³/dt, dengan debit terendah pada bulan Oktober periode 2 dan tertinggi pada bulan Februari periode 1. Curah hujan andalan setengah bulanan untuk kebutuhan air berada pada interval 1,25-139,19 mm. Kebutuhan air irigasi tertinggi sebesar 1,41 l/dt/Ha dan terendah sebesar 0 l/dt/Ha. Secara keseluruhan neraca air tahunan di Daerah Irigasi Waduk Cengklik mengalami defisit sebesar 11,41 juta m3. Beberapa tindakan dapat dilakukan untuk mengantisipasi defisit tersebut antara lain penjadwalan ulang, pengerukan sedimen, dan pengelolaan DTA., Cengklik Reservoir has a catchment area of 25,016 km2 with an Irrigation Area of 1957 Ha. There was a decrease in reservoir volume capacity of 43.57% due to sedimentation. Changes in land use in the reservoir catchment area have an impact on water availability. Therefore, water balance calculations are needed as an effort to determine the ability of the reservoir to meet irrigation water needs. The method used in determining water availability is F.J.Mock and water requirements use a method based on irrigation planning criteria (KP-01). The average value of potential evapotranspiration in 2013-2022 is in the interval 40.97 mm/month – 66.11 mm/month. The water availability discharge is in the interval 0.003 m³/s – 1,550 m³/s, with the lowest discharge in October period 2 and the highest in February period 1. The semi-monthly reliable rainfall for water needs is in the interval 1,25-139,19 mmm. The highest irrigation water requirement is 1,41 l/s/Ha and the lowest is 0 l/s/Ha. Overall, the annual water balance in the Cengklik Reservoir Irrigation Area experienced a deficit of 11,41 million m3. Several actions can be taken to anticipate this deficit, including rescheduling, sediment dredging, and DTA management.
Keyword: F.J. Mock, Water Requirement, Water Availability, Water Balance

Judul: Identification of Irrigation Water Requirement and Distribution in Cihea Irrigation Area
Abstrak: Daerah Irigasi Cihea merupakan salah satu daerah irigasi tertua di Indonesia yang memiliki luas layanan sebesar 5.484 ha. Kondisi iklim yang tidak menentu di lokasi penelitian menyebabkan distribusi hujan tidak merata dan berpengaruh terhadap ketersediaan air. Debit air di Bendung Cisokan telah mengalami fluktuasi. Pada musim penghujan kondisi debit air berlebih, sedangkan pada musim kemarau menyebabkan sebagian lahan pertanian tidak mendapatkan pasokan air. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Mengidentifikasi kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air irigasi, (2) Merumuskan alternatif prioritas pendistribusian air irigasi berdasarkan indeks kekeringan, (3) Menilai Indeks Kinerja Sistem Irigasi. Metode yang digunakan untuk menghitung kebutuhan air irigasi adalah metode Kriteria Perencanaan (KP-01 Departemen Pekerjaan Umum 1986), sementara ketersediaan air diperoleh dari debit andalan 80% (Q80). Analisis neraca air lahan dan indeks kekeringan dihitung dengan metode Thohrnwaite Mather (1975) sementara penentuan alternatif lokasi irigasi dianalisis dengan metode Composite Performance Index (CPI). Selanjutnya analisis Indeks Kinerja Sistem Irigasi (IKSI) dianalisis berdasarkan Permen PUPR No.12 Tahun 2015 dan Metode Rachman (2017). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kebutuhan air irigasi selama satu tahun di Daerah Irigasi Cihea sebesar 137.204.480 m3/tahun, sementara ketersediaan air di Bendung Cisokan sebesar 131.617.431 m3/tahun. Berdasarkan nilai tersebut maka terjadi defisit air sebesar 5.587.049 m3/tahun. Defisit air irigasi terutama terjadi pada bulan Juni hingga Oktober. Kondisi ini menyebabkan terjadinya kekeringan sedang di Daerah Irigasi Cihea dengan nilai indeks kekeringan rata-rata sebesar 23,04%. Berdasarkan kondisi tersebut maka lokasi lahan pertanian yang diprioritaskan untuk diberikan air irigasi dengan tujuan meningkatkan produktivitas berada di Kecamatan Ciranjang (Desa Cibiuk, Desa Ciranjang, Desa Karangwangi, dan Desa Pasirjengkol) seluas 557,57 ha. Sementara untuk tujuan pemerataan distribusi air irigasi lokasi yang diprioritaskan yaitu lahan pertanian yang berada di Kecamatan Bojongpicung (Desa Cibarengkok, Desa Cikondang, Desa Jati, dan Jatisari) seluas 710,86 ha. Nilai indeks kinerja sistem irigasi hasil perhitungan metode Permen PUPR No.12 Tahun 2015 dan Rachman 2017 menghasilkan nilai indeks kondisi masing-masing sebesar 76,99% dan 73,19%. Keduanya berada pada kriteria kinerja baik, sehingga penanganan yang dilakukan yaitu Kegiatan Operasi dan Pemeliharaan (OP) rutin dan pemeliharaan berkala yang bersifat perawatan. Selain itu juga diperlukan sosialisasi dan penyuluhan ringan., Cihea Irrigation Area is one of the oldest irrigation areas in Indonesia, with 5.484 ha. Uncertain climatic conditions at the research site cause unequal distribution of rain and affect water availability. The water discharge in the Cisokan Dam has fluctuated. In the rainy season, the water discharge is excessive. In contrast, some agricultural land does not get a water supply in the dry season. Therefore, this study aims to (1) identify the irrigation water requirement and irrigation water availability, (2) Formulate alternative priorities for irrigation water distribution based on the drought index,(3) assess the irrigation system performance index. The method used to calculate irrigation water requirement is KP-01 Ministry of Public Work (1986), while water availability was generated from mainstay discharge (Q80). Land water balance analysis and drought index were calculated using the Thornthwaite Matther method (1975), while the determination of alternative irrigation locations was analyzed using the Composite Performance Index (CPI) method. Furthermore, the Irrigation System Performance Index (IKSI) analysis was determined by referring to the
Keyword: Indeks Kinerja Sitem Irigasi (IKSI), Indeks Kekeringan, Kebutuhan Air Irigasi, Neraca Air

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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