Judul: Study on the effect of inner layer and filler materials to quality of tomato fruit (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) in wooden box package during transportation
Abstrak: The purpose of this study were to examine the amount of mechanical damage of tomatoes in each package after transportation simulation, the effect of inner layer and filler materials to the damage of those tomatoes during transportation, and determine to the best among used inner layer and filler materials for tomatoes transportation. The study was carried out on February to April 2011 in TPPHP Laboratory of IPB. There were five packages used in this study which consist of four packages for treatment and one package for control. The four treatment packages were package with shredded newspaper filler only, package with dried banana leaves filler only, package with inner layer and shredded newspaper filler, and package with inner layer and dried banana leaves filler. The material of inner layer was a paper that usually used for packing of cement. All of the packaged were simulated on the road in the Sub’urb condition (frequency 3.23 Hz, amplitude 4.75 cm for vertical vibration, during 80 minutes) so the path length (distance) equality was 106.16 km. The package with inner layer and dried banana leaves filler material have the highest mechanical damage there is 44.96%. Then followed by the package with dried banana leaves only, the package with inner layer and shredded newspaper filler material, and the package with shredded newspaper only, those are 32.97%, 27.53%, and 25.20% respectively. On the other hand, the package for control (no treatment) have the mechanical damage in amount of 53.79%. It can be concluded that the tomatoes packaged by shredded newspaper filler only has a lowest mechanical damage, so this package should be a good package for the distribution transportation of tomatoes in wooden box.
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Judul: Analysis of the Use of Packaging Fillers in Transportation to Reduce Mechanical and Preserve the Quality of Tomatoes (Lycopersicum esculentum Mill.)
Abstrak: Selama kegiatan transportasi, tomat cenderung mengalami kerusakan mekanis akibat adanya ruang kosong dalam kemasan. Ruang kosong menyebabkan gesekan dan tumbukan antara sesama tomat dan dengan dinding kemasan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh penggunaan bahan pengisi kemasan transportasi terhadap kerusakan mekanis dan mutu tomat melalui uji simulasi transportasi, serta menentukan dan menyusun saran bahan pengisi kemasan transportasi terbaik untuk tomat. Penelitian menggunakan kemasan peti plastik buah tipe persegi panjang berdimensi 46 cm x 36,5 cm x 14,5 cm. Terdapat empat perlakuan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan dengan bahan pengisi dan satu perlakuan untuk tanpa bahan pengisi atau kontrol. Ketiga perlakuan adalah: bahan pengisi kertas koran, daun pisang kering, dan jerami padi kering dimana ketiga bahan tersebut dibentuk cacahan panjang. Semua perlakuan dilakukan simulasi transportasi dengan frekuensi 3,8 Hz, amplitudo 4 cm selama 90 menit, dimana simulasi setara dengan perjalanan transportasi sejauh 106,91 km. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa diantara ketiga bahan pengisi kemasan yang digunakan, kertas koran memiliki nilai kerusakan mekanis terkecil sebesar 29,47% dilanjutkan dengan daun pisang sebesar 34,73% dan terbesar oleh jerami padi sebesar 40%. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa bahan pengisi kertas koran merupakan bahan pengisi terbaik untuk digunakan pada transportasi tomat dalam kemasan peti plastik., During transportation activities, tomatoes were prone to mechanical damage due to empty spaces within the packaging. The empty spaces caused friction and collisions between tomatoes themselves and with the walls of the packaging. This study aimed to analyze the influence of using transportation packaging fillers on mechanical damage and quality of tomatoes through transportation simulation tests. It also aimed to determine and recommend the best transportation packaging filler material for tomatoes. The study utilized rectangular plastic fruit crates with dimensions of 46 cm x 36,5 cm x 14,5 cm. There were four treatments used in this study, consisting of three treatments with fillers and one treatment without fillers or control. The three treatments were: newspaper fillers, dried banana leaves, and dried rice straw, all of which were formed into long shreds. All treatments underwent transportation simulation at a frequency of 3,8 Hz, with an amplitude of 4 cm for 90 minutes, equivalent to a transportation distance of 106,91 km. The results of the study showed that among the three packaging filler materials used, newspaper fillers had the lowest mechanical damage value at 29,47%, followed by banana leaves at 34,73%, and the highest by rice straw at 40%. It could be concluded that newspaper fillers were the best filler material to be used in transporting tomatoes in plastic crates.
Keyword: amplitudo, bahan pengisi kemasan, frekuensi, kerusakan mekanis, pengemasan, amplitude, frequency, mechanical damage, packaging fillers

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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