Judul: Molecular Characterization of Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) Using Partial Sequences of DNA Polymerase Gene
Abstrak: Penggunaan agens hayati saat ini semakin berkembang sebagai upaya meminimalkan penggunaan pestisida sintetik. Salah satu contoh organisme yang digunakan dalam pengendalian hayati Helicoverpa armigera adalah Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). NPV termasuk ke dalam Alphabaculovirus yang menjadi salah satu genus pada Baculoviridae. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakter molekuler NPV pada larva H. armigera dengan menggunakan sekuens DNA polimerase. Isolat HearNPV diperoleh dari larva H. armigera yang terinfeksi NPV dan telah diperbanyak di Laboratorium Patologi Serangga. Amplifikasi fragmen DNA polimerase HearNPV menggunakan metode PCR dengan sepasang primer forward dan reverse. Selanjutnya, analisis homologi dan filogenetika dilakukan terhadap urutan fragmen DNA polimerase untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatannya dengan isolat NPV dari negara lain yang telah terdaftar di GenBank. Hasil analisis homologi nukleotida dan asam amino menunjukkan kekerabatan tertinggi pada nukleotida sebesar 99%, sedangkan pada asam amino sebesar 97%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis filogeni, isolat HearNPV Bogor berada pada kelompok yang sama dengan NPV yang menyerang Genus Helicoverpa asal Australia, Belanda, Brazil, Cina, Jepang, Turki, India, dan Spanyol., The use of biological control is currently growing as an effort to minimize the use of synthetic pesticides. One example of an organism used in the biological control of Helicoervpa armigera is the Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV). NPV belongs to the Alphabaculovirus which is a genus in the Baculoviridae. This study aims to determine the molecular characters of NPV in H. armigera larvae using DNA polymerase sequences. HearNPV isolates were obtained from H. armigera larvae infected with NPV and have been propagated in the Insect Pathology Laboratory. Amplification of HearNPV DNA polymerase fragments using the PCR method with a pair of forward and reverse primers. Furthermore, homology and phylogenetic tests were carried out on the DNA polymerase fragment sequence to determine its kinship with NPV isolates from other countries that have been registered in GenBank. The results of nucleotide and amino acid homology analysis showed the highest kinship was at nucleotides at 99%, while at amino acids at 97%. Based on the results of phylogenetic analysis, the Bogor HearNPV isolate was in the same group as the NPVs that attacked the Genus Helicoverpa from Australia, the Netherlands, Brazil, China, Japan, Turkey, India and Spain.
Keyword: Baculoviridae, entomopathogen, homology, nucleotide, phylogeny

Judul: Penggunaan Gen DNA Polimerase untuk Menentukan Hubungan kekerabatan Helicoverpa armigera Nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) Bogor
Abstrak: Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) merupakan virus patogen serangga yang penting di antara famili Baculoviridae. NPV diketahui mampu menjadi agen hayati untuk mengendalikan serangga hama dari ordo Lepidoptera, misalnya Helicoverpa armigera. NPV memiliki sifat yang spesifik, virulen, dan persisten di lapangan sehingga dapat digunakan petani sebagai insektisida hayati. Helicoverpa armigera merupakan salah satu hama yang menyerang tanaman jagung. H. armigera dapat dikendalikan secara hayati menggunakan HearNPV. Sekuen nukleotida HearNPV di Indonesia masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan isolat HearNPV Bogor dengan NPV lain yang tercatat di GenBank melalui sekuen nukleotida gen DNA Polimerase parsial. Gen DNA Polimerase merupakan salah satu gen inti dari virus genus baculovirus yang terlibat dalam proses replikasi. Karakteristik homologi dan filogeni digunakan untuk memberikan informasi tentang hubungan HearNPV Bogor (berasal dari pertanaman jagung sekitar kampus IPB Dramaga) dengan NPV yang telah dilaporkan di situs GenBank. Analisis filogeni dilakukan menggunakan pendekatan ‘NeighborJoining’ Bootstrap 1000x dengan program MEGA 11. Hasil analisis homologi nukleotida dan asam amino menunjukkan HearNPV Bogor memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat dengan HearNPV Spanyol (No. aksesi: KJ701033.1) dan Australia (No. aksesi: AIG63247.1). Berdasarkan analisis filogeni, HearNPV Bogor berada dalam kelompok yang sama dengan NPV yang menyerang genus Helicoverpa lain di dunia., Nucleopolyhedrovirus (NPV) is an important insect pathogenic virus in the Baculoviridae family. NPV is known to be a biological agent for controlling insect pests of Lepidoptera, for example, Helicoverpa armigera. NPV has a specific host, virulent, and persistent in the field so it can be used by farmers as a biological insecticide. Helicoverpa armigera is one of the pests that attack corn plants. H. armigera can be controlled biologically using HearNPV. HearNPV nucleotide sequences in Indonesia are still limited. This study aimed to determine the kinship relationship of the HearNPV Bogor isolates with other NPVs recorded in GenBank through nucleotide sequences of the partial DNA Polymerase gene. DNA Polymerase gene is one of the core genes of the baculovirus genus virus involved in the replication process. Homology and phylogeny characteristics were used to provide information about the relationship between HearNPV Bogor and the NPV that had been reported on GenBank. The phylogeny analysis was carried out using the 'Neighbor-Joining' Bootstrap 1000x approach with the MEGA 11 program. The nucleotide and amino acid homology analysis results showed that HearNPV Bogor had a close relationship with the HearNPV of Spain (Accession: KJ701033.1) and Australia (Accession: AIG63247.1). Based on phylogenetic analysis, HearNPV Bogor in the same group as NPVs that attack other Helicoverpa genera worldwide.
Keyword: BLAST, entomopathogen, homology, phylogeny

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4