Judul: Sumatran Elephant Thermogram Based on Body Region Imaging Using Infrared Thermal Camera at Ragunan Wildlife Park
Abstrak: Gajah Sumatra adalah satwa endotermis dan rentan terhadap cekaman panas. Kamera termal inframerah dapat digunakan untuk mengukur suhu tubuh tanpa melakukan kontak langsung, non-invasif, dan efisien. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 ekor gajah dengan tujuan mempelajari pola suhu normal berdasarkan citra termal setiap regio permukaan tubuh gajah menggunakan kamera termal inframerah dan menentukan regio tertentu untuk memperkirakan suhu inti tubuh gajah. Temperature humidity index (THI) kandang diukur sebanyak tiga kali setiap pukul ±09.00 saat pagi dan ±12.00 WIB saat siang selama 5 hari. Hasil pengukuran mikroklimat kandang adalah 79.4 pada saat pagi dan 78.9 pada saat siang. Rata-rata suhu permukaan tubuh pada regio mata, pipi, moncong, toraks, dan abdomen adalah 32°C; 31.75°C; 30.60°C; 31.40°C; 31.46°C pada sesi pagi dan 33.84°C; 33.71°C; 31.81°C; 33.53°C; 33.61°C pada sesi siang. Walaupun suhu mata, pipi, moncong, toraks, dan abdomen tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) tetapi mata memiliki suhu paling tinggi diantara keempat regio. Pengukuran suhu setiap regio permukaan tubuh gajah selama 5 hari tidak berbeda nyata pada sesi pagi dan siang.
Keyword: core temperature, infrared thermal camera, elephant, surface temperature

Judul: Giraffe (Giraffa camelopardalis) Surface Temperature Pattern in Wildlife Park Ragunan Using Infrared Thermal Camera Image
Abstrak: Kamera termal inframerah merupakan alat untuk mengukur suhu permukaan dengan metode non-invasif, cepat, murah, dan efisien terutama untuk satwa liar. Kamera termal inframerah membantu mengidentifikasi proses fisiologis pada hewan melalui pengukuran suhu permukaan tubuh hewan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur nilai suhu permukaan normal jerapah pada berbagai regio tubuh menggunakan citra kamera termal inframerah serta menentukan regio yang paling dekat untuk memperkirakan suhu inti tubuh jerapah. Tiga jerapah digunakan sebagai hewan coba. Pengambilan data citra termal selama 5 hari dilakukan pada rentang waktu pagi hari pukul ±09:00 dan siang hari pukul ±12:00 WIB. Regio yang diukur meliputi regio mata, pipi, hidung, thorax, dan abdomen dengan nilai rata-rata suhu permukaan sesi pagi secara berurut yaitu 35,54ºC; 34,77ºC; 32,19ºC; 32,66ºC; 32,77ºC; dan sesi siang 36,39ºC; 34,61ºC; 34,49ºC; 35,00ºC; 34,47ºC. Suhu regio mata memiliki suhu paling tinggi diantara regio pipi, hidung, thorax, dan abdomen. Suhu permukaan dipengaruhi oleh suhu inti, suhu lingkungan, kelembapan, dan regulasi pembuluh darah. Regio terbaik untuk memperkirakan suhu inti tubuh adalah regio mata. Regio mata memiliki nilai paling dekat dengan suhu inti tubuh jerapah., Infrared thermal camera is a tool for measuring surface temperature with a non-invasive, fast, low-cost, and efficient method, especially for wildlife. Infrared thermal cameras help identify physiological processes in animals by measuring the surface temperature of the animal's body. This study aims to determine the normal surface temperature and the closest region to the core body temperature of giraffes using infrared thermal camera images. Three giraffes were used as experimental animals. Thermal image data retrieval for 5 days was carried out in the morning at ±09:00 and in the afternoon at ±12:00 WIB. The result showed that the average surface regions temperature of eye, cheek, nose, thorax, and abdomen in the morning session in five days were 35,54ºC; 34,77ºC; 32,19ºC; 32,66ºC; 32,77ºC; and in the afternoon session were 36,39ºC; 34,61ºC; 34,49ºC; 35,00ºC; 34,47ºC respectively. The temperature of the eye region has the highest temperature among the cheek, nose, thorax, and abdomen regions. Surface temperature is affected by core temperature, ambient temperature, humidity, and vascular regulation. The best region for estimating core body temperature is the eye region. The eye region has the closest value to the giraffe's core body temperature.
Keyword: jerapah, kamera termal inframerah, regio, suhu inti, suhu permukaan, core temperature, giraffe, infrared thermal camera, region, surface temperature

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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