Judul: Analisis Biaya Produksi Kusen dan Daun Pintu Studi Kasus di CV Ciremai Jaya Bandar Lampung.
Abstrak: Industri kusen dan daun pintu merupakan salah satu sektor industri yang terus berkembang di Indonesia. Perusahaan CV Ciremai Jaya merupakan salah satu perusahaan di Bandar Lampung yang memproduksi kusen dan daun pintu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya produksi, tingkat Break Event Point (BEP), serta tingkat profitabilitas usaha kusen dan daun pintu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, biaya produksi daun pintu Rp 688.89 juta/tahun yang tediri dari biaya tetap Rp 177.89 juta/tahun (25.82%) dan biaya variabel Rp 511.00 juta/tahun (74.18%). Biaya produksi kusen Rp 341.87 juta/tahun, yang terdiri dari biaya tetap Rp 83.93 juta/tahun (24.55%) dan biaya variabel Rp 257.94 juta/tahun (75.45%). Nilai BEP pada produk daun pintu berdasarkan jenis kayu yang digunakan yaitu 2.82 m3/tahun (cempaka), 4.26 m3/tahun (cempaka super), 3.56 m3/tahun (bayur), 3.35 m3/tahun (merbau papua). Nilai BEP pada produk kusen yaitu 0.82 m3/tahun (bayur), 12.13 m3/tahun (merbau papua), 2.01 m3/tahun (meranti), 3.20 m3/tahun (kamper medan), 3.78 m3/tahun (merbau lokal). Return on Investment (ROI) CV Ciremai Jaya 72.38%, maka kegiatan produksi kusen dan pintu menguntungkan.
Keyword: biaya produksi, break event point, daun pintu, kusen, return on investment

Judul: Production Cost Analysis of Frame and Teak Door: Case Study PD Sumber Jati Makmur at Cirebon Regency, West Java
Abstrak: Industri furniture khususnya jati, memiliki prospek yang sangat baik untuk tumbuh dan berkembang karena sumber daya alam yang berlimpah serta nilai ekspor yang cukup tinggi mencapai 1,95 miliar US$ atau meningkat hingga 14,6% (Gunadi 2021). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis biaya produksi, Break Event Point (BEP), profitabilitas yang dinyatakan dalam persentase Return On Invesment (ROI), dan harga pokok kusen pintu dan daun pintu jati di PD Sumber Jati Makmur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa biaya produksi kusen sebesar Rp 513.356,1 unit dengan biaya tetap Rp 194.797,9 per unit dan biaya variabel Rp 318.558,2 per unit. Biaya produksi daun pintu Rp 834.282 per unit dengan biaya tetap Rp 247.416,1 per unit dan biaya variabel Rp 586.865,5. BEP produk kusen pintu sebesar 111,3 unit per tahun dan daun pintu sebesar 102,6 unit per tahun. Harga pokok kusen pintu Rp 641.695,1 jauh dari harga jual sebenarnya yaitu Rp 800.000 dan daun pintu Rp 1.042.852 per unit dimana harga jual sebenarnya yaitu Rp 1.250.000. Return On Invesment (ROI) PD Sumber Jati Makmur sebesar 55,2% sehingga kegiatan produksi kusen dan daun pintu jati menguntungkan.
Keyword: Production Cost, Frame, Teak Doors, Best Price, Profitability

Judul: DNA Extraction and Characterization of Salmonella‟s Lytic Bacteriophage Genome
Abstrak: Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and are known to proliferate wherever their bacterial hosts exist. Their virion particles can exist independently outside the host, however all phages are need their host to propagate. Several phages are highly specific to host cell surface receptors and any slight changes in structure results in little or no interaction between the phage and its host. Salmonella‟s phage isolated from sewage water where their bacteria exist. Three isolated of phages (phages 15, 19 and 38) were used in this research that concentrated using three types of methods. PEG/ NaCl method was firstly used to concentrate the phages based on their molecular weight to precipitate the phage particles during centrifugation. The second method was Scraping Plaque method. In this method, overlay plaques were scraped and collected in SM buffer to get phage concentrates. Enrichment method was the last method used to concentrate the phages. Phage genome isolation was done using two methods i.e. EDTA/SDS and Proteinase K methods. The first method was done using DNase I to eliminate bacterial DNA followed by SDS/EDTA treatment to release phages DNA and phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol to extract the DNA. DNA was collected by isopropanol extraction. While in Proteinase K method, bacterial DNA was eliminated by DNase I and Proteinase K/SDS was used to degrade phages capsids and ethanol for DNA precipitation. The result showed that PEG/NaCl method resulted the highest phage concentration for phage 15 and phage 19, while scrapping method was the highest for phage 38. The quantity and purity of extracted DNA were low for PEG/NaCl and Scraping methods, while Enrichment method was higher indicated higher purity. Run on agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted DNA confirmed that Enrichment method results were the best while scraping and PEG/NaCl method was appeared smear background. Based on DNA genome size determination, the bacteriphages of Salmonella sp were comparable with other study of Salmonella phages. Phage P15 with genome size of 39,5 kb was close to phage epsilon15. Phage P19 with genome size of 41 kb was close to phage ST160. And phage P38 with genome size of 48,5 kb was close to phage Gifsy-1.
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