Judul: Nilai Nutrisi Ransum Pelet Komplit Berbasis Jerami padi dengan Berbagai Level Energi dan Protein untuk Pertumbuhan Kambing Kacang
Abstrak: Salah satu pendekatan teknologi untuk meningkatkan daya guna jerami padi adalah melalui proses pembuatan ransum bentuk pelet atau pelleting. Penting adalah perpaduan antara proses pemotongan, penggilingan dan penekanan bahan ransum sehingga menjadi padat dan kompak. Proses ini dapat memperluas partikel permukaan bahan ransum sehingga mudah dicerna oleh bakteri rumen maupun enzim yang dihasilkan. Untuk membentuk ransum pelet yang berkonlponen jerami padi berkualitas tinggi, baik kualitas fisik maupun nilai nutrisi, masih diperlukan suplementasi bahan pakan lain berupa campuran yang disebut konsentrat. Penambahan konsentrat selain berhngsi sebagai bahan pengikat juga sebagai pelengkap nutrisi jerami padi.
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Judul: Penambahan Probiotik Cair Ke Dalam Ransum Berbasis Jerami Padi Dan Konsentrat Dengan Taraf Protein Dan Energi Yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Jerami padi merupakan produk limbah pertanian yang dapat digunakan untuk pakan ternak ruminansia, namun dibatasi kadar SK dan silika yang cukup tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari efek penambahan probiotik cair terhadap fermentasi dan kecernaan pada teknik in vitro ransum berbasis jerami padi dan konsentrat dengan kadar protein dan energi yang berbeda. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok berpola faktorial 4×2. Faktor A : ransum yang mengandung JP dan konsentrat (60%:40%); A1 = ransum 11% PK dan 60% TDN, A2 = ransum 11% PK dan 65% TDN, A3 = ransum 14% PK dan 60% TDN, A4 = ransum 14% PK dan 65% TDN. Faktor B : Perlakuan Probiotik; B1 = tanpa probiotik, B2 = probiotik cair (0.50% v.b-1). Peubah yang diamati: konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA total, populasi bakteri total, populasi protozoa, sintesis protein mikroba, degradabilitas bahan kering dan organik serta kecernaan bahan kering dan organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi NH3 dan VFA total, degradabilitas bahan kering dan organik, serta kecernaan bahan kering dan organik dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan ransum. Populasi bakteri total dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan ransum dan suplementasi probiotik, namun kedua perlakuan tersebut tidak mempengaruhi populasi protozoa dan sintesis protein mikroba. Ransum dengan taraf PK 14% dan TDN 65% merupakan perlakuan yang paling optimal.
Keyword: fermentasi, jerami padi, kecernaan, konsentrat, probiotik cair

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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