Judul: Penambatan Molekuler secara In Silico dan Aktivitas Nanoenkapsulat Kurkuminoid secara In Vitro sebagai Potensi Anti Penuaan Dini.
Abstrak: Kolagenase merupakan senyawa pendegradasi kolagen dan teraktivasi oleh reactive oxygen species sehingga dapat menyebabkan penuaan kulit. Penuaan kulit dapat diatasi oleh produk yang mengandung antioksidan. Suatu senyawa yang memiliki kemampuan dalam mereduksi radikal bebas belum tentu dapat menghambat kolagenase. Kurkuminoid memiliki aktivitas antioksidan, namun bioavailabilitasnya rendah. Peningkatan bioavailabilitas kurkuminoid dapat dilakukan dengan pembuatan nanopartikel. Penelitian bertujuan menguji potensi kurkumin dan turunannya dalam menghambat kolagenase melalui penambatan molekuler dan potensi nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid sebagai anti penuaan dini secara in vitro. Penambatan molekuler dilakukan antara kolagenase dengan senyawa kurkumin dan turunannya. Nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid diuji aktivitas antioksidannya menggunakan DPPH dan dianalisis ukuran serta kestabilan nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid menggunakan PSA (particle size analyzer) dan Zetasizer. Hasil penambatan diperoleh senyawa kurkumin dan turunannya dapat tertambat pada sisi aktif kolagenase. Nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid memiliki ukuran sebesar 180.3 nm, indeks polidispersitas sebesar 0.476, dan potensial zeta sebesar -45.1 mV. Serbuk enkapsulat memiliki kadar air sebesar 2.16% serta mengandung kurkuminoid sebesar 1.038 mg/g enkapsulat. Aktivitas antioksidan pada nanoenkapsulat kurkuminoid memiliki IC50 sebesar 2.62 μg/mL.
Keyword: antioksidan, antipenuaan, nanoenkapsulat-kurkuminoid, kolagenase, kurkuminoid

Judul: Potensi Antibakteri Kurkuminoid dan Nanokurkuminoid Temulawak (Curcuma xanthoriza) Secara In Silico dan In Vitro.
Abstrak: Kurkuminoid termasuk senyawa yang cepat dimetabolisme. Bentuk nanoemulsi dapat menjadi alternatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Antibakteri pada umumnya menghambat pembentukan dinding sel. Enzim MurA berperan penting dalam pembentukan dinding sel bakteri. Penelitian mengenai fungsi kurkuminoid sebagai antibakteri secara in silico serta potensi nanokurkuminoid sebagai antibakteri belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji potensi kurkuminoid sebagai antibakteri melalui uji penghambatan enzim UDP-N-acetylglucosamine enolpyruvyl transferase (MurA) secara penambatan molekuler serta mengukur aktivitas antibakteri dari nanokurkuminoid menggunakan uji difusi cakram. Senyawa kurkuminoid menunjukkan nilai energi bebas Gibs lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan ligan pembanding. Nanokurkuminoid memiliki nilai MIC 200 μg/mL untuk ekstrak kasar pada bakteri Escherichia coli serta 400 μg/mL untuk bakteri Bachillus subtilis. Zona bening nanokurkuminoid mendekati dengan senyawa ekstrak kasar dengan konsentrasi senyawa aktif yang kecil. Senyawa kurkuminoid mampu menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri baik secara in silico maupun dalam bentuk nanokurkuminoid secara in vitro.
Keyword: antibakteri, diffusi cakram, docking, enzim MurA, nanokurkuminoid

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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