Judul: Sintesis Glukosa Oleat dengan Berbantuan Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Carbohydrate-based esters of fatty acids are nonionic surfactants which are nontoxic, odorless, tasteless, and biodegradable. Glucose oleic acid is one of them. It can be synthesized by reacting glucose pentaacetate (GPA) and methyl oleate with conventional heating for 6 hours, which is slow and time-consuming. Therefore, organic synthesis has been developed by employing microwave irradiation, so called Microwave- Assisted Organic Synthesis (MAOS). This research synthesized glucose oleic acid, from GPA and methyl oleate using MAOS method, to reduce time of reaction and better yield. The parameters observed were melting point (for GPA), free fatty acid content (for methyl oleate), functional group analysis using Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and percent of yield. Reaction between GPA and glucose oleic acid was transesterification, while those of methyl oleate was esterification. GPA and glucose oleic acid using MAOS gave faster time of reaction, 5-10 minutes. The results showed that GPA, methyl oleate, and glucose oleic acid were well synthesized, as shown by FTIR spectra. The yield of GPA was 68,52%, with melting point was 94–111 °C. Methyl oleate gave 95,69% yield. Free fatty acid content of methyl oleate was 2,23%. The yield of glucose oleic acid was 47,18%.
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Judul: Sintesis ester glukosa oleat dari glukosa pentaasetat dan metil oleat
Abstrak: Dewasa ini, perkembangan industri farmasi, kosmetika, dan detergen meningkat pesat sehingga kebutuhan bahan aditif seperti surfaktan juga meningkat. Selain minyak bumi, sumber daya alam yang dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku surfaktan adalah minyak nabati (asam lemak) dan karbohidrat (glukosa). Ester asam lemak-glukosa merupakan surfaktan nonionik yang memperlihatkan sifat mudah terdegradasi dan tidak beracun. Penelitian ini dilakukan melalui empat tahapan, yaitu sintesis metil oleat, sintesis glukosa pentaasetat (GPA), sintesis ester glukosa oleat, serta pemisahan ester glukosa oleat. Rendemen rerata metil oleat yang dihasilkan sebesar 88.36%, sedangkan rendemen rerata GPA sebesar 48.11% dengan kisaran titik leleh 108-112 oC. Rendemen rerata ester glukosa oleat yang didapatkan pada nisbah mol GPA: metil oleat 1:1; 1:2; dan 1:3, masing-masing sebesar 65.55; 57.77; dan 70.64% dengan kisaran titik leleh masing-masing sebesar 98-110; 110-112; dan 84-98 oC. Berdasarkan hasil analisis spektrum infra merah ester glukosa oleat, terdapat puncak serapan ulur C-H dari gugus alkil rantai panjang yang kuat pada bilangan gelombang 2800-2900 cm-1, yang tidak dimiliki oleh GPA. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa telah terjadi reaksi interesterifikasi antara metil oleat dan GPA menghasilkan ester glukosa oleat.
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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