Judul: Characterization of Seaweed Salt Based on Grateloupia angusta
Abstrak: Garam dengan kandungan natrium yang tinggi dapat menyebabkan masalah kesehatan, khususnya hipertensi. Alternatif dari hal tersebut, Grateloupia angusta dapat digunakan sebagai sediaan bahan baku garam diet. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik rumput laut G. angusta, mendapatkan garam rumput laut dengan perbandingan pelarut dan tepung rumput laut yang optimum yang memiliki kadar NaCl <60%, rasio Na:K yang rendah, dan hasil rendemen dan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Konsentrasi bahan baku terhadap pelarut yang digunakan yaitu 1:5, 1:10, dan 1:15 (b/v). Penambahan konsentrasi pelarut berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) terhadap nilai rendemen, mineral, %NaCl, total fenol dan aktivitas antioksidan antioksidan garam. Konsentrasi pelarut terbaik yaitu garam 1:15 yang menghasilkan nilai rendemen 20,9 ± 2,30%, rasio Na:K 0,90, %NaCl 60,36 ± 0,15%, total fenol 1.543,37 ± 2,35 mg/GAE/g, aktivitas antioksidan CUPRAC 37,30 ± 1,43 μg/mL asam askorbat/g sampel, dan ABTS dengan nilai IC50 150,6 ± 8,81 μg/mL., Salt with a high concentration of sodium content can cause health problems, particularly hypertension. As an alternative to this matter, G. angusta can be used as a raw material for dietary salt. This study aims to determine the characteristics of G. angusta seaweed, to obtain seaweed salt with the optimum ratio of seaweed flour and solvent containing NaCl < 60%, a low ratio of Na: K, and a high result in yield and antioxidant activity. The concentration of raw material on the solvent used is 1:5, 1:10, and 1:15 (b/v). The addition of solvent concentration increased the value of yield, minerals, NaCl, total phenol, and antioxidant activity significantly (p 0,05). The best solvent concentration is 1:15, which produces a yield value of 20.9 ± 2.30%, Na:K ratio of 0.90, % NaCl 60.36 ± 0.15%, total phenol 1.543,37 ± 2.35 mg/GAE/g, CUPRAC antioxidant activity 37.30 ± 1.43 μg/mL ascorbic acid/g sample, and ABTS with an IC50 of 150.6 ± 8.81 μg /mL.
Keyword: antioxidant, Grateloupia angusta, seaweed salt

Judul: Antioxidant Activity and Characteristics of Ulva lactuca Combination Salt, Antioxidant Activity and Characteristics of Ulva lactuca Combination Salt
Abstrak: Rumput laut hijau Ulva lactuca dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber bahan baku garam rumput laut yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kombinasi filtrat dan residu terbaik garam rumput laut yang memiliki karakteristik sesuai dengan standar mutu garam konsumsi yang dianjurkan untuk pasien hipertensi. Garam rumput laut diperoleh dari filtrat ekstraksi tepung Ulva lactuca dengan pelarut akuades rasio 1:10. Garam dari filtrat murni (K) yang diperoleh ditambahkan residu dengan rasio garam filtrat dan residu 1:1 (A), 1:2 (B), dan 2:1 (C). Garam yang dihasilkan dilakukan uji komposisi mineral, kontaminan logam berat, rasio Na:K, kadar NaCl, kadar serat pangan, kadar iodium (KIO3), uji sensori garam, dan uji antioksidan. Garam K memiliki rasio Na:K 1,45, kadar NaCl 17,87%, dan residu logam berat di bawah standar maksimum SNI garam diet. Kadar serat pangan tertinggi dihasilkan pada garam B sebesar 35,63%. Aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode uji ABTS diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada garam C sebesar 55,07 ppm dan kapasitas antioksidan dengan metode uji CUPRAC diperoleh nilai tertinggi pada garam filtrat sebesar 21,57 μmol trolox/g., Ulva lactuca green seaweed can be used as raw material source for seaweed salt which has antioxidant activity. This study aims determine the best combination of filtrate and residue of seaweed salt which has characteristics in accordance with the standard of consumption salt quality which recommended for hypertensive patients. Seaweed salt was obtained from the extraction filtrate of Ulva lactuca flour with a 1:10 ratio of distilled water as a solvent. The salt from the pure filtrate (K) obtained was added to the residue with the ratio of the filtrate salt to the residue of 1:1 (A), 1:2 (B), and 2:1 (C). The resulting salt was tested for mineral composition, heavy metal contaminants, Na: K ratio, NaCl content, dietary fiber content, iodine content (KIO3), salt sensory test, and antioxidant test. The salt K has a Na: K ratio of 1.45, NaCl content of 17.87%, and heavy metal residues below the SNI maximum standard for dietary salt. The highest content of dietary fiber was produced in salt B of 35.63%. The antioxidant activity using the ABTS test method obtained the highest value for the C salt of 55.07 ppm and the antioxidant capacity with the CUPRAC test method obtained the highest value for the filtrate salt of 21.57 μmol trolox/g.
Keyword: antioxidants, NaCl, Na: K ratio, Ulva lactuca, seaweed salt

Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
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