Judul: Aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan perilaku makan tupai terbang (petaurus breviceps) di penagkaran pada malam hari
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki kekayaan flora dan fauna yang beragam jenisnya. Saat ini keberadaan sebagian flora dan fauna tersebut mulai terancam punah akibat pembukaan hutan yang diperuntukkan bagi lahan pertanian, perkebunan, pemukiman, industri, dan lain sebagainya. Pembukaan hutan yang tidak sesuai aturan telah menyebabkan rusaknya habitat satwa yang ada di dalamnya. Salah satu usaha penyelamatan satwa dari kepunahan yaitu melalui penangkaran (konservasi ex situ) yang bertujuan untuk mencegah kehidupan satwa dari kepunahan. Tupai terbang (Petaurus breviceps) merupakan hewan dari famili Petauridae yang tergolong ordo Marsupialia. Penyebaran hewan yang bersifat nocturnal (aktif di malam hari) ini meliputi Australia, Tasmania, dan Papua New Guinea, sedangkan di Indonesia ada di Irian Jaya dan pulau Halmahera Utara (Maluku). Keberhasilan pemeliharaan hewan tersebut di penangkaran bergantung kepada perilaku hewan tersebut yang dapat berbeda dibandingkan di habitat aslinya. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui tingkah laku yang berhubungan dengan aktivitas makan tupai terbang di penangkaran pada malam hari, dan hal ini menjadi tujuan dari penelitian ini. Penelitian ini telah dilakukan di Penangkaran Mamalia Kecil Bidang Zoologi, Pusat Penelitian Biologi LIPI, Bogor pada bulan November 2002 Januari 2003. Materi yang digunakan yaitu 4 ekor tupai terbang yang terdiri dari dua ekor jantan dan dua ekor betina yang ditempatkan pada dua kandang. Pakan yang diberikan terdiri dari markisa (Passiflora edulis), pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca), jambu biji (Psidium guava), pepaya (Carica papaya), jagung manis (Zea mays), kelapa (Cocos nucifera), dan roti tawar. Metode One Zero Sampling digunakan untuk mengamati perilaku harian dengan interval waktu setiap 15 menit yang dibagi dalam dua periode yaitu pukul 18.00 23.45 dan 00.15 06.00 WIB. Data yang diperoleh ditelaah secara deskriptif. Persentase hasil pengamatan tingkah laku di penangkaran pada malam hari, yaitu aktivitas makan sebesar 13,65% dengan aktivitas tertinggi pada pukul 18.00 19.00 WIB sebesar 1,85 %; aktivitas minum sebesar 0,58% dari keseluruhan aktivitasnya; aktivitas urinasi dan aktivitas defekasi tercatat sebesar 4,71% dan 5,93 % dimana aktivitas tertinggi terjadi pada jam 19.00-20.00 WIB untuk aktivitas urinasi dan 00.00-01.00 WIB untuk aktivitas defekasi. Persentase aktivitas yang mempengaruhi aktivitas makan antara lain aktivitas lokomosi sebesar 42,59%, aktivitas grooming sebesar 23,54%, dan aktivitas istirahat sebesar 9,01%. Dari hasil pengamatan yang didapat maka tingginya nilai persentase makan pada sore hari (18.00-19.00 WIB) dapat digunakan sebagai pedoman waktu pemberian pakan yang efektif. Perbedaan berdasarkan nilai persentase aktivitas antara tupai terbang jantan dan betina terjadi pada aktivitas makan dan aktivitas lokomosi, ...
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Judul: Aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan pola konsumsi pakan tarsius (Tarsius bancanus) di penangkaran pada malam hari.
Abstrak: Indonesia is known as a country which has various spesies of flora and fauna. Many of them are becoming extinct these animal are very useful as an object of experiment and also as pet animals. Nowadays wild animals in Indonesia are facing serious problem by increasing in rate of extinction due to evolution and human unwise management of nature. Therefore, preventing the extinction of wild animals can be done by conservation and protection of wild animals in captivity. Tarsius bancanus is one of distinct animal that should be protected. Tarsius bancanus is a nocturnal animal that distributes in Kalimantan, Bangka, Natuna and Sumatera island. Information of feeding activity of Tarsius bancanus is limited, especially in captivity. Feeding activity is an important factor that can influence feed intake. This exsperiment is aimed at studying feeding activity and pattern of feed intake of Tarsius bancanus in captivity at night. Two tarsius from Sumatera, were used in this experiment. Data of activity were recorded which included feeding, drinking, urination, defecation, locomotion, grooming and resting avtivities. In addition, the amount of feed intake and fecal production were also recorded. Data were analized quantitatively and descriptively. The results show that feeding, drinking, urination, defecation, locomotion, grooming and resting activities are 18.98%, 1.20%, 11.95%, 4.53%, 34.48 %, 20.49% and 8.35 %. The highest feeding activity (3.54%) occurs at 18 – 19 p.m. with feed intake is 0.92 gram dry matter (DM). The lowest feeding activity (0.88%) occurs at 0 – 1 a.m. and 3 – 4 a.m with feed intakes 0.23 gram DM. The average daily feed intake is 4.93 gram DM, with the average of cricket intake is 2.54 gram DM and grasshoper intake is 2.39 gram DM. The average daily fecal production is 0.65 gram DM. The average daily protein intake of cricket and grasshoper are 1.53 gram and 1.70 gram. The average daily crude fiber intake of cricket and grasshoper are 0.19 gram and 0.51 gram. The average daily energy intake of cricket and grasshoper are 15.695 ccal and 12.738 ccal. Feeding activity at 18 – 19 p.m. are the highest activity that occurred, this time can be used as a guideline for effective feeding program of Tarsius bancanus in captivity.
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Judul: Karakteristik Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH
Abstrak: Carboxymethyl chitosan is chitosan derivative product obtained from chemical modification. CMCh were made by alkalization process and carboxymethylation process. Factors that affect CMCh characteristics were excess sodium hydroxide in alkalization process, ratio between chitosan and monochloroacetic acid, and carboxymethylation temperature. The objectives of this research were to study the NaOH effect to CMCh characteristics, to learn process of making CMCh, to set the proper concentration of NaOH, and to analyze CMCh characteristics. CMCh yields were 110.72%-114.22%. CMCh pH value were 3.74-4.31. The optimum NaOH concentration to obtain the best CHCh was 10 M. Percentage of CMCh moisture content was 10.70%-11.42%. Ash content and nitrogen content of CMCh were 0.49%-0.50% and 4.52%-4.81%. CMCh viscousity was 8.25 cps. Percentage of CMCh solubility was 61.61%-91.50%. The different functional groups from chitosan which observed in CMCh were C=O group, CH group from alkene functional group, C−O group, and C−O−C group.
Keyword: solubility., functional group, CMCh characteristics, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan