Judul: La Niña Modoki Dan Dampaknya Terhadap Keragaman Curah Hujan Di Indonesia
Abstrak: La Niña diindikasikan dengan adanya pendinginan yang terjadi di Pasifik ekuator bagian tengah dan timur. Sedangkan La Niña Modoki diindikasikan dengan adanya pendinginan di Pasifik ekuator bagian tengah sekaligus pemanasan di Pasifik ekuator bagian barat dan timur. Kedua kejadian ini mempengaruhi keragaman curah hujan di beberapa wilayah diantaranya Indonesia dan Amerika. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari dua kejadian ini terhadap keragaman curah hujan Indonesia. Hasil menunjukan bahwa indeks Nino 3.4 berkorelasi negatif kuat (r = -0.95) dengan curah hujan Indonesia. Saat La Niña anomali positif curah hujan mencapai 200 mm/bulan sebagian besar wilayah Indonesia pada setiap musim (MAM, JJA dan SON), kecuali saat DJF ada sebagian Pulau Sumatera, Kalimantan dan Indonesia Timur memiliki anomali negatif. Sementara saat La Niña Modoki anomali positif curah hujan hanya mencapai 50 mm/bulan di sebagian pulau Sumatera, Kalimantan, Jawa, dan Indonesia Timur saat musim DJF dan mencapai 175 mm/bulan terjadi hanya di pulau Jawa saat musim MAM. SST mengalami pendinginan kuat di Pasifik Tengah dan Timur ekuator mencapai -1.5°C pada DJF, JJA dan SON saat La Niña. Sedangkan La Niña Modoki pemanasan SST terjadi di Pasifik barat dan timur ekuator mencapai 0.75°C dan pendinginan di Pasifik tengah ekuator mencapai -0.75°C saat DJF, MAM, dan JJA. Sirkulasi Walker saat La Niña Modoki pada musim DJF dan MAM, menunjukan adanya konvergensi kuat terjadi di Pasifik Timur dan konvergensi lemah di Pasifik Barat termasuk Indonesia.
Keyword: Curah Hujan, La Niña, La Niña Modoki, SST

Judul: El Niño Modoki dan Dampaknya terhadap Keragaman Curah Hujan Pulau Jawa (Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Indramayu)
Abstrak: Indonesian farmers are currently struggling to face drought probles in the region of rice barn, one of which is Indramayu District located int he Java Island. One of main factors of the drought is perceived that there is warm pool concentrated in the middle of Pacific Ocean the so-called El Niño Modoki. However, its impacts to Indonesia region did not much investigated yet. Hereby, it is necessary to do analysis of the impact of El Niño and El Niño Modoki on Indonesia’s rainfall variability. The study focused on rainfall over 5 areas in Indramayu District, i.e. Bondan, Indramayu, Krangkeng, Anjatan, and Cikedung. Wavelet analysis of sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) data Niño 3.4 and El Niño Modoki Index (EMI) along period of January 1979-December 2013 resulted differences in temporal characteristics. The composite rainfall anomalies, SSTA, anomalies of horizontal wind speed at altitude of 850hPa, and the Walker Circulation in the spatially El Niño and the El Niño Modoki years analyzed by GrADS software showed a decline trend of rainfall in the Java Islad along September-October to November (SON). Seasonal rainfall prediction model in the 5 observated areas using CPT software resulted the highest value of the principal component (PC) coefficient with high negative of EMI predictor variables in the SON season, which meant that the current El Niño Modoki caused a decline of rainfall in related season where the biggest influences occured in the Cikedung District (-0.53 ), while the PC coefficient with Niño 3.4 as variable also had high negative value in the SON season with the greatest influences occured in the Krangkeng District (-0.58).
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Rainfall, El Niño Modoki, El Niño, GrADS, CPT

Judul: Synthesis of Chicken Eggshells-Based β-Tricalcium Phosphate Bioceramics and Their Biocompatibility Test as A Tooth Filler
Abstrak: Preservation of alveolar bone following tooth extraction is an important step in dental practices before dental implant placement. This study reported synthesis of β-Tricalcium Phosphate (β-TCP) bioceramics and its biocompatibility test as a tooth filler to maintain the desired alveolar ridge dimension and stimulate the bone healing processes in the area of tooth loss. β-TCP bioceramics was resulted directly from precipitation of calcinated chicken eggshells as calcium source and phosphoric acid. The corresponding β-TCP was mixed with chitosan 2% to get β-TCP pellet for biocompatibility testing. Biocompatibility testing of β-TCP on lower incisor was performed in rabbits and sheep as animal model. In this study, the x-ray diffraction (XRD) profiles showed that 1000 oC calcinated chicken eggshells correspond to calcium oxide (CaO). There was also transformation phase of CaO into Ca(OH)2 observed after more than three months stored. The XRD profiles proved that obtained β-TCP bioceramics by precipitation has the same pattern with that of reference data base and commercial β-TCP. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were completely consistent with the result of crystallization processes observed by XRD measurements. Moreover, the purity of the product shown by the atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS) resulted in Ca/P ratio of 1.48 which was closed to that of standard β-TCP ceramics. The repeatable XRD peaks patterns and FTIR spectra obviously showed the sample reproducibility. Sheep’s alveolar socket that is filled with the corresponding β-TCP demonstrated the expected results. The x-ray radiograph of sheep’s jaw indicated no change on mesio-distal of the edentulous area. Moreover, the histological results were completely consistent with the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic result which is proved by the formation of new bone. In the contrary with sheep’s result, histological results showed no tooth growth on rabbit proved by the presence of lipid and collagen on the extraction site. This result did not correspond to the x-ray radiograph and macroscopic results that demonstrated the tooth growth and erupted tooth. It is clear that the corresponding β-TCP could minimize the bone loss and maintain the dimension of alveolar ridge.
Keyword: β-tricalcium phosphate, chicken eggshells, rabbit, sheep, tooth filler