Judul: Quality of Raw Milk Based on Total Number of Microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae From Dairy Farm in Pondok Ranggon
Abstrak: Susu merupakan produk hasil ternak perah yang bernilai gizi tinggi. Kandungan gizi yang tinggi pada susu memberi peluang bagi perkembangan bakteri, baik yang patogen maupun non patogen. Bakteri dapat menurunkan kualitas susu, sehingga dalam waktu yang sangat singkat susu menjadi tidak layak dikonsumsi bila tidak ditangani dengan tepat dan benar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan data tentang keberadaan jumlah total mikroorganisme, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Enterobacteriaceae serta mengetahui kualitas mikrobiologi susu kandang dan penampungan dari Peternakan Sapi Perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling. Sampel susu kandang diambil dari peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur dan susu penampungan diambil dari TPS, kemudian diuji di Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah Jumlah Total Mikroorganisme/Total Plate Count (TPC), S. aureus, dan Enterobacteriaceae. Pengujian sampel susu yang dilakukan yaitu isolasi, inkubasi, dan perhitungan jumlah koloni bakteri. Kualitas mikroorganisme susu segar di peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon mempunyai rata-rata TPC 4,6 x 106 ± 6,8 x 106 CFU/mL, jumlah cemaran S. aureus 3,0 x 104 ± 7,8 x 104 CFU/mL, dan cemaran Enterobacteriaceae 1,1 x 105 ± 2,2 x 105 CFU/mL. Susu segar yang diproduksi dari peternakan sapi perah di Pondok Ranggon belum memenuhi standar Batas Maksimum Cemaran Mikroba (BMCM) yang telah ditetapkan., Milk is a dairy product with high nutrition value. The high nutrition value in milk provides an opportunity for bactery to grow, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic. Bactery can reduce the quality of milk, so that milk becomes unfit for consumption in a very short time if it not handled properly and correctly. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the presence of the total number of microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae and to determine the microbiological quality of bulk milk and shelters from dairy farm Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta. The samples were collected by using simple random sampling method. Bulk milk samples were collected at dairy farm Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta and collected milk at TPS, then tested at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, FKH, IPB. The variables observed in this study were the total number of microorganisms/total plate count (TPC), S. aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Testing of milk samples carried out were isolation, incubation, and calculation of the number of bacterial colonies. The microorganisms quality of raw milk at dairy farm Pondok Ranggon has an average of TPC 4,6 x 106 ± 6,8 x 106 CFU/mL, number of S. aureus 3,0 x 104 ± 7,8 x 104 CFU/mL, and Enterobacteriaceae 1,1 x 105 ± 2,2 x 105CFU/mL. Fresh milk produced from dairy farms in Pondok Ranggon has not met the Maximum Microbial Contamination Limit (BMCM) standard.
Keyword: Enterobacteriaceae, fresh milk, S. aureus, TPC

Judul: Water Quality at Pondok Ranggon Dairy Farm Based on The Number of Microbes and The Number of Enterobacteriaceae
Abstrak: Kuantitas dan kualitas air yang digunakan di peternakan sapi perah dapat memengaruhi produksi susu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui kualitas mikrobiologi air di Peternakan Sapi Perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur yang sumber airnya berasal dari air tanah dan perusahaan daerah air minum (PDAM). Parameter kualitas mikrobiologi yang diuji, yaitu jumlah total mikrob dan jumlah Enterobacteriaceae menggunakan metode hitungan cawan. Rata-rata jumlah total mikrob air adalah 1,23 × 10^5 ± 1,47 × 10^5 CFU/mL dan jumlah Enterobacteriaceae 2,78 × 10^2 ± 7,6× 10^2 CFU/mL. Penelitian ini menemukan terdapat korelasi antara jumlah total mikrob dan jumlah Enterobacteriaceae (p< 0,05), yaitu semakin tinggi jumlah total mikrob maka semakin tinggi jumlah Enterobacteriaceae dalam air. Kualitas mikrobiologi air di peternakan Pondok Ranggon menunjukkan kontaminasi dari limbah peternakan yang berpotensi menyebabkan gangguan kesehatan pada hewan ternak dan manusia yang bekerja di sekitar kandang., Dairy cow's milk production is influenced by the quantity and quality of the water used in the farm. The purpose of this study was to determine the water quality at Pondok Ranggon Dairy Farm, East Jakarta whose water source comes from groundwater and local drinking water companies (PDAM). Microbiological quality parameters were tested, namely the total number of microbes and the number of Enterobacteriaceae. The results showed that the water in Pondok Ranggon Dairy Farm had an average total number of microbes 1,23 × 10^5 ± 1,47 × 10^5 CFU/mL and the number of Enterobacteriaceae 2,78 × 10^2 ± 7,6× 10^2 CFU/mL. This study found a correlation between the total number of microbes and the number of Enterobacteriaceae in the water (p<0,05), namely the higher the total number of microbes, the higher the number of Enterobacteriaceae in the water. The microbiological quality of water at Pondok Ranggon Farm shows contamination from waste that has the potential to cause health problems for both livestock and humans.
Keyword: Air, Enterobacteriaceae, jumlah total mikrob, sapi perah, Pondok Ranggon

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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