Judul: Factors affecting imports of beef in Indonesia
Abstrak: Impor daging sapi yang terus terjadi di Indonesia mencerminkan bahwa swasembada daging sapi belum terwujud. Ketergantungan impor daging sapi dari luar negeri didasari oleh peningkatan konsumsi belum bisa dipenuhi oleh produksi daging sapi di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi volume impor daging sapi di Indonesia periode tahun 2001-2020 dan (2) meramalkan produksi, konsumsi dan impor daging sapi periode tahun 2021-2026. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada dua yaitu analisis regresi data panel dan ARIMA. Hasil penelitian menunjukan : (1) bahwa variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume impor daging sapi di Indonesia adalah GDP riil per kapita Indonesia, produksi daging sapi nasional dan tarif impor sedangkan untuk variabel GDP riil per kapita negara asal impor, nilai tukar rupiah, dan konsumsi daging sapi tidak berpengaruh signifikan dan (2) peramalan selama 2021-2026 menunjukan produksi dan konsumsi daging sapi sama-sama mengalami kenaikan 2 persen per tahun sehingga produksi daging sapi belum bisa memenuhi kebutuhan konsumsi. Impor daging sapi mengalami kenaikan 3 persen per tahun atau 214.220 ton sehingga swasembada daging sapi belum bisa terwujud.
Keyword: ARIMA, produksi, konsumsi, data panel

Judul: Analysis of  the  factors that affect  the  price  of  beef in Indonesia
Abstrak: Dalam rangka mewujudkan kecukupan daging sapi di dalam negeri maka pemerintah Indonesia mencanangkan program swasembada daging sapi. Konsep swasembada tersebut tidak hanya menyangkut ketersediaan tetapi juga akses masyarakat terhadap pangan itu sendiri. Akses masyarakat terhadap daging sapi dapat dilihat dari harga komoditas tersebut. Harga daging sapi di Indonesia relatif lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan negara lainnya. Hal ini menyebabkan daya beli masyarakat terhadap daging sapi menjadi rendah. Disamping itu, kondisi harga yang tinggi kenyataannya juga tidak dapat menjadi insentif bagi peternak untuk meningkatkan produksi daging sapi. Mengingat permasalahan tersebut, harga daging sapi menjadi hal penting untuk dikaji lebih lanjut sehingga perlu dianalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi harga daging sapi di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series tahun 2008-2013. Analisis deskriptif dan model persamaan regresi linear berganda digunakan sebagai alat analisis dalam penelitian ini. Hasilnya berdasarkan analisis deskriptif harga daging sapi di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh jalur distribusi yang panjang sedangkan berdasarkan model persamaan regeresi linear berganda terdapat tiga variabel yang berpengaruh yaitu harga daging sapi periode sebelumnya, hari raya lebaran (Idul Fitri) dan impor daging sapi., To reduce dependence on beef import, Indonesian government declared an increase of beef production by Self Sufficiency Program 2014. The meaning of self sufficiency in this case is not only about its availability but also public access to food itself. Public access to the beef can be seen from its price. The price of beef in Indonesia is relatively high compared to other countries. This condition caused public purchasing power on beef to be low. In addition, the high price could not be an incentive for breeders to increase beef production. Based on this problem, this research aim to analyze the factors that affect the price of beef in Indonesia. This research used time series data form in period 2008 to 2013. As a result, based on descriptive analysis the price of beef in Indonesia is affected by its distribution chain. On the other side, based on multiple linear regression model there are three variables that affect the price of beef in Indonesia such as the price of beef earlier periode, Eid celebration, and volume of beef import.
Keyword: daging sapi, harga, swasembada

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell