Judul: Biokonversi Glukosa dan Gliserol Menjadi Glikolipid Mannosylerythritol lipid (MELs) oleh khamir Pseudozyma hubeiensis Y10BS025
Abstrak: The Pseudozyma Y10BS025 is a yeast isolate collected at Biotecnology Culture Collection (BTCC) LIPI. The strain was isolated from sirih leaf, a local tree of Indonesia, and was shown to produce a glycolipid, mannosylerythritol lipid (MELs-Y10BS025) from vegetable oil. Molecular taxonomic analysis using the D1/D2 domains of the large sub unit 26S rRNA gene, the name P. hubeiensis was proposed for the novel species, with Y10BS025 as the type strain. When grown on appropriate condition, it showed capability to accumulate a large amount of glycolipids, MELs. Based on thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis, the extracellular glycolipids showed nearly the same spots as those of the MELs produced by P. antarctica, a well known MEL producer. The quantitative analysis on high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) obtained that the strain has a much higher glycolipid production yield. The glycolipid purification by column chromatography and extraction using different solvents resulted that the spot identified MELs-A produced by P. hubeiensis on TLC. The structure of the major glycolipid was analyzed by 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods, and was shown to be the same as MEL produced by P. antarctica. The optimum of production condition was determined by varying important factors for growth, such as initial carbon sources and inducer of vegetable oil. These results demonstrated that the local strain of the genus Pseudozyma under the optimal condition in a two stage culture, glucose-glycerol (75:25) and soybean oil, provided high efficiency in MELs production of glycolipid. The strain P. hubeiensis Y10BS025 gave the best yield of MELs (115 g/L) after 8 days.
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Judul: Pembuatan Bioetanol Dari Sirup Glukosa Umbi Ganyong (Canna Edulis Kerr.) Menggunakan Khamir Schizosaccharomyces Pombe
Abstrak: Bioethanol is an ethanol produced by fermentation of biomass containing sugar/starch/cellulose such as sugar cane, cassava and sago. Ethanol is generally used in industry as an alcohol derivative material, ingredient of alcoholic liquors such as sake or gin, pharmaceutical and cosmetic material (Hambali et al., 2007). Ganyong is a crop that easily grows in all weather and soil type. Moreover, this crop doesn't need any complex requirement for its growth (Lingga et al., 1989). One hectare of land can produce 50 tons ganyong with approximately eight months seed time (Azahari, 2008). Based on the research conducted by Zuraida et al. (2002), ganyong had a fairly high level of starch content, which was between 31.3-38.9 %. The high level of starch content and productivity along with easiness of growth makes ganyong appreciated as a prospective material for bioethanol production. Schizosaccharomyces pombe is yeast with fermentative facultative characteristic and resistance to high sugar content. According to Barnett et al. (2000), Schizosaccharomyces pombe was one of osmophilic yeast, which had ability to grow on media with aw less than 0.85 equivalents to glucose content of 60 % w/w. This research consisted of preliminary research and main research. In main research stage 1, the comparison between extraction method with and without peeling process was performed. The performed analyses were included starch yield and starch content from the starch produced by both methods above. Preliminary research stage 2 was done to compare 4 types of glucose syrup with different sugar concentration. Those glucose syrups were made into carbon source in the substrate which then became the fermentation medium. Indicator of the best sugar concentration was its ability to grow the most yeast. Main analysis done in this research was the total of dry biomass in gram/L. Estimation of total biomass by measuring OD (Optical Density) value which would then be fitted into the standard curve of relation between OD and dry biomass. The result of preliminary research stage 1 was that the starch extraction method without peeling process produced higher yield than the method with peeling process. The yield of starch produced by the method without peeling process was 16.51 ± 3.88 % (w/w), while the yield produced by the method with peeling process was 7.05 ± 0.85 % (w/w). The starch content in both starch yields from each treatment was not significantly different. In preliminary research stage 2, the best sugar concentration to maximize growth of the microbe was 36 % (w/v), with μmax on the sixth hour. The aim of this research was to compare two agitation methods in fermentation to see its effect to the produced ethanol yield. In first method agitation was done until the end of fermentation (continued agitation). While in the second method agitation was only done until the time when μmax value was achieved (stopped agitation). The result of main research was that the continued agitation method produced more ethanol than the stopped agitation method. The ethanol content produced by continued agitation method was 19.26 ± 0.86 g/L, while the ethanol content produced by stopped agitation method was 13.79 ±
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Judul: Analisa isi berita pembangunan di Rajawali Citra Televisi Indonesia dalam tahun 1997
Abstrak: Berita adalah uraian tentang peristiwa fakta dan atau pendapat yang mengandung nilai berita dan sudah disajikan melalui media massa periodik. Berita pembangunan adalah berita yang berkaitan dengan usaha untuk memperbaiki kualitas kehidupan, lingkungan, pendidikan, ekonomi atau keuangan dan kesehatan atau pelayanan sosial.
Keyword: Communication, Development