Judul: Effect of Probiotic (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) and Coconut Oil Supplementation on Horse Physiological and Hematocrit Responses
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi respon fisiologis dan hematokrit darah kuda yang diberikan pakan dengan penambahan suplemen minyak kelapa dan probiotik ragi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) ketika cekaman panas. Penelitian ini menggunakan 3 ekor kuda yang berumur 2 tahun dengan rata-rata bobot 279,33±41,79 kg. Pakan yang digunakan terbagi menjadi 3, P0 (pakan komersial Royal Horse S-100), P1 (pakan perlakuan + ragi sebanyak 20 g ekor-1 hari-1), dan P2 (pakan perlakuan + minyak kelapa 4%). Data yang dihimpun berupa data mikroklimat, respon fisiologis (laju respirasi, suhu rektal, dan denyut jantung), dan kadar hematokrit darah kuda dianalisis menggunakan uji one way Anova dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan probiotik ragi berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) dalam menurunkan laju respirasi dan suhu rektal kuda, pemberian minyak kelapa berpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) dalam menurunkan laju respirasi, namun tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap suhu rektal kuda, dan pemberian probiotik ragi dan minyak kelapa tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap denyut jantung dan kadar hematokrit darah kuda., This study aimed to evaluate the physiological response and blood hematocrit of horses fed with coconut oil supplement and probiotic yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) during heat stress. This study used 3 horses aged 2 years with an average weight of 279.33 ± 41.79 kg. The feed used was divided into 3, P0 (Royal Horse S-100 commercial feed), P1 (treatment feed + yeast as much as 20 g tail-1 day-1), and P2 (treatment feed + 4% coconut oil). Data collected in the form of microclimate data, physiological responses (respiration rate, rectal temperature, and heart rate), and blood hematocrit levels of horses were analyzed using one way Anova test with Duncan's post hoc test. The results showed that the addition of probiotic yeast had a significant effect (p<0.05) in reducing the respiration rate and rectal temperature of horses, the provision of coconut oil had a significant effect (p<0.05) in reducing the respiration rate, but had no significant effect on the rectal temperature of horses, and the provision of probiotic yeast and coconut oil had no significant effect on heart rate and blood hematocrit levels of horses.
Keyword: Coconut oil, hematocrit, horse, physiological response, yeast

Judul: Effect of feeding time on physiological response of Fries Holland heifer fed with three levels of TDN of concentrate containing coconut oil
Abstrak: One of the greatest challenges to production facing dairy farmers in Indonesia is heat stress. Climatic conditions in Indonesia are such that the warm (or hot) is all year, there is intense solar radiant for an extended period of time, and there is generally the presence of high relative humidity. Thus heat stress is chronic in nature, there is often little relief from the heat during the evening hours, and intense bursts of combined high ambient temperature and humidity further depress performance. Some researchs have been done in Indonesia showed that physical modification of the environment (shading, cooling) and improved nutritional management practices are management strategies to minimize the effects of heat stress. However, the management strategies to minimizing of the heat stress have not been fully examined. The objective of the present study is to evaluate physiological responses of dairy heifer to feeding time when fed concentrate differences in TDN content. Six dairy heifers were randomly allocated to 1 of 6 treatments: two feeding times (5 am/6 pm or 8 am/4 pm) of concentrate with 70% or 75% of concentrate unsupplemented or supplemented with 3.5% coconut oil, in each of 6 periods of 14 d each in a 6 x6 Latin square design. The environmental conditions (air temperature, relative humidity, temperature humidity index, radiation, and wind velocity) and animals responses (heart rate, respiration rate, body temperature, rectal temperature, and skin temperature, feed consumption rate, chewing rate, and average daily gain) were then measured. The environmental condition were measured daily at 1 h intervals from 5 am to 8 pm. The animals responses were measured at the 4th, 8th, 12nd, 14th Keyword: physiological responses, coconut oil, feeding time, TDN day of each periode at 1 h intervals from 5 am to 8 pm. Tukey’s test, contras orthogonal analysis, and correlation analysis were used for statistical analysis among treatments. The results show that physiological responses were significantly lower on cattle which fed at 5 am & 6 pm than 8 am & 4 pm also for cattle which fed concentrates contained 3.5% coconut oil than not containing that with the same TDN (75%). Chewing velocity was higher on cattle fed concentrate containing 3.5% coconut oil than without coconut oil. Average daily gain were higher on cattle fed at 5 am & 6 pm than 8 am & 4 pm or fed with concentrate containing 3.5% coconut oil than without coconut oil. The conclusion is heat stress of dairy heifer could be reduced with managing feeding time and feeding with easily digestible nutrient.
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix