Judul: Penghilangan Gas H2S dan NH3 dengan Teknik Biofilter pada Ruang Produksi Pabrik Karet PTPN VIII Cikumpay, Purwakarta
Abstrak: Karet alam (natural rubber) yang diperoleh dari tanaman Hevea Braziliensis merupakan salah satu komoditas ekspor unggulan Indonesia yang jumlahnya cukup besar. Perkembangan industri karet menyebabkan timbulnya emisi berupa amoniak (NH3) dan hidrogen sulfida (H2S) yang mengganggu kesehatan pekerja pabrik karet. Biofilter adalah teknologi pengendalian pencemaran udara dengan cara menumbuhkan mikroorganisme pada bahan pengisi sehingga terbentuk biofilm atau biolayer yang dapat mengurai bahan-bahan pencemar udara.
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Judul: Penghilangan Polutan Gas Amoniak Dengan Biofilter Skala Pilot. Studi Kasus : PTPN VIII Pabrik Karet Cikumpay, Purwakarta, Jawa Barat.
Abstrak: Ammonia gaseous has a great potential to be a pollutant in rubber processing industries. The largest source of pollutant is at condensed latex processing. Therefore, biofilter was applied to remove emission of ammonia gaseous from the process. The objectives of this research were (1) to determine the level of physical and chemical absorption to ammonia sourness in forest soil based packing-bed material mixed with compost and carbonized rice husk, and (2) to determine the performance of biofilter to remove ammonia gaseous at pilot scale. Packing bed materials used were forest soil, bokashi compost and carbonized rice husk. The treatment of K111 was packed with forest soil, bokashi compost and carbonized rice husk with composised by 1:1:1. K112 was 1:1:2, K121 was 1:2:1, and K122 was 1:2:2. Physical and chemical characteristics of packing-bed materials within 5 parameters were obtained at ranked level of K112>K122>K111>K121. Carbonized rice husk influenced on physical - chemical characteristics of packing-bed materials, such as density, total porosity, water filled pore space and maximum capacity of loading, except air filled pore space. Those compositions were applied as packing bed materials to biofilters. Composition treatment of K111, K112, K121, K122 were applied to packing bed materials of B111, B112, B121 and B122. Biofilter were applied on pilot scale with 250 liters volume. For 55 days operation, ammonia pollutant concentrations were fluctuated from 0.18 to 68.66 ppm. Parameters inlet and outlet ammonia concentration, physical and chemical characteristics, population of ammonia oxidation bacteria and biofiltration process were monitored. Maximum removal capacities of B111, B112, B121 and B122 biofilters were 0.97, 1.46, 1.03 and 1.62 g-N/kg dry media. The result of biofiltration performance for 11 parameters showed that B112>B122>B121>B111. The best biofilter was determined by its ability in removing pollutant and the cost of required packing-bed. The price of packing bed materials from the lower prices were B111<B112<B122<B121. The cheapest price of packing bed material was B111, but it wasn’t a good performance of biofiltration. Therefore, B112 which was filled by forest soil, bokashi compost and carbonized rice husk with composition 1:1:2 was the best biofilter performance among them.
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates