Judul: Status of Microb and Somatic Cell Count of Quaternary Milk  from Cijeruk Farm, Bogor and Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta
Abstrak: Peternakan sapi perah di Kecamatan Cijeruk termasuk salah satu daerah di dataran tinggi dengan jumlah pasokan susu terbanyak di Bogor, sedangkan salah satu peternakan di dataran rendah dengan produksi susu tertinggi berada di Pondok Ranggon, DKI Jakarta. Perbedaan ketinggian lokasi serta kondisi lingkungan di sekitar peternakan dapat mempengaruhi produktivitas sapi perah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perbedaan kualitas mikrob dan jumlah sel somatik susu dari peternakan di dataran rendah dan dataran tinggi. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) mikrob, jumlah Staphylococcus aureus, dan jumlah sel somatik (JSS). Pengujian mikrob dilakukan dengan metode hitung cawan dan penghutungan JSS menggunakan metode Breed. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji Mann-Whitney U dan Chi-square. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ALT mikrob, jumlah S. aureus, dan JSS pada peternakan Pondok Ranggon lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan peternakan Cijeruk. Rata-rata ALT mikrob, jumlah S. aureus, dan JSS pada peternakan Cijeruk berturut turut adalah 1,6 x 104 ± 1,5 x 104 koloni/ml, 1,3 x 103 ± 4,2 x 103 koloni/ml, dan 1.795.000,0 ± 1.838.791,4 sel/ml. Rata-rata ALT mikrob, jumlah S. aureus, dan JSS pada peternakan Pondok Ranggon berturut-turut adalah 3,5 x 105 ± 1,0 6 x 10 koloni/ml, 1,7 x 105 ± 6,3 x 104 koloni/ml dan 3.032.222,2 ± 4.348.654,1 sel/ml. Penelitian ini menunjukkan terdapat hubungan antara ketinggian wilayah peternakan dengan S. aureus (P< 0,05). Status mikrob dan jumlah sel somatik dipengaruhi oleh perbedaan daerah peternakan dengan pola pemeliharaan dan keadaan lingkungan yang berbeda., The difference in height of the rearing area and the different conditions of the two areas can affect the productivity of dairy cattle. This research aimed to determine differences in microbial quality and the somatic cell count from farms in the lowlands and highlands. The variables observed in this study were the microbial total plate count (TPC), the number of Staphylococcus aureus, and somatic cell count (SCC). Microbial testing was carried out using the plate count method and the somatic cells count used the Breed method. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using Mann-Whitney U and chi-square. The results of this study showed that TPC, S. aureus, and SCC of Milk from Pondok Ranggon were higher than in Cijeruk. The average of TPC, S. aureus, and SCC in Cijeruk were 1,6 x 104 ± 1,5 x 104 colonies/ml, 1,3 x 103 ± 4,2 x 103 colonies/ ml, and 1.795.000,0 ± 1.838.791,4 cells/ml respectively. The average of TPC, S. aureus, and SCC on the Pondok Ranggon were 3,5 x 105 ± 1,06 x 106 colonies/ml, 1,7 x 105 ± 6,3 x 104 colonies/ml and 3.032.222,2 ± 4.348.654,1 cells/ml respectively. This research showed that the height of the rearing area have relationship with S. aureus (P< 0,05). Microbial status and the somatic cell count are influenced by differences in livestock areas with different maintenance patterns and environmental conditions.
Keyword: susu kuartir, jumlah sel somatik, angka lempeng total, Staphylococcus  aureus, milk quarternary, somatic cell count, total plate count

Judul: Quality of Raw Milk Based on Total Number of Microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae From Dairy Farm in Pondok Ranggon
Abstrak: Susu merupakan produk hasil ternak perah yang bernilai gizi tinggi. Kandungan gizi yang tinggi pada susu memberi peluang bagi perkembangan bakteri, baik yang patogen maupun non patogen. Bakteri dapat menurunkan kualitas susu, sehingga dalam waktu yang sangat singkat susu menjadi tidak layak dikonsumsi bila tidak ditangani dengan tepat dan benar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mendapatkan data tentang keberadaan jumlah total mikroorganisme, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Enterobacteriaceae serta mengetahui kualitas mikrobiologi susu kandang dan penampungan dari Peternakan Sapi Perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode simple random sampling. Sampel susu kandang diambil dari peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon, Jakarta Timur dan susu penampungan diambil dari TPS, kemudian diuji di Laboratorium Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Departemen Ilmu Penyakit Hewan dan Kesehatan Masyarakat Veteriner, Fakultas Kedokteran Hewan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Variabel yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah Jumlah Total Mikroorganisme/Total Plate Count (TPC), S. aureus, dan Enterobacteriaceae. Pengujian sampel susu yang dilakukan yaitu isolasi, inkubasi, dan perhitungan jumlah koloni bakteri. Kualitas mikroorganisme susu segar di peternakan sapi perah Pondok Ranggon mempunyai rata-rata TPC 4,6 x 106 ± 6,8 x 106 CFU/mL, jumlah cemaran S. aureus 3,0 x 104 ± 7,8 x 104 CFU/mL, dan cemaran Enterobacteriaceae 1,1 x 105 ± 2,2 x 105 CFU/mL. Susu segar yang diproduksi dari peternakan sapi perah di Pondok Ranggon belum memenuhi standar Batas Maksimum Cemaran Mikroba (BMCM) yang telah ditetapkan., Milk is a dairy product with high nutrition value. The high nutrition value in milk provides an opportunity for bactery to grow, both pathogenic and nonpathogenic. Bactery can reduce the quality of milk, so that milk becomes unfit for consumption in a very short time if it not handled properly and correctly. The aim of this study was to obtain data on the presence of the total number of microorganisms, Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae and to determine the microbiological quality of bulk milk and shelters from dairy farm Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta. The samples were collected by using simple random sampling method. Bulk milk samples were collected at dairy farm Pondok Ranggon, East Jakarta and collected milk at TPS, then tested at the Veterinary Public Health Laboratory, Department of Animal Disease and Veterinary Public Health, FKH, IPB. The variables observed in this study were the total number of microorganisms/total plate count (TPC), S. aureus, and Enterobacteriaceae. Testing of milk samples carried out were isolation, incubation, and calculation of the number of bacterial colonies. The microorganisms quality of raw milk at dairy farm Pondok Ranggon has an average of TPC 4,6 x 106 ± 6,8 x 106 CFU/mL, number of S. aureus 3,0 x 104 ± 7,8 x 104 CFU/mL, and Enterobacteriaceae 1,1 x 105 ± 2,2 x 105CFU/mL. Fresh milk produced from dairy farms in Pondok Ranggon has not met the Maximum Microbial Contamination Limit (BMCM) standard.
Keyword: Enterobacteriaceae, fresh milk, S. aureus, TPC

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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