Judul: Pemilihan passages dalam Question Answering System untuk dokumen berbahasa Indonesia
Abstrak: The first step on Question Answering System was the user enter question query. The used question query is limited to question type: WHO, WHERE, WHEN, and HOW MANY or HOW MUCH. The question word on query is used to obtain an answer candidate, while other words beside the question word are used to analyze the question. Question analysis process is started by parsing into keyword become tokens. The question sentence that has parsed is used to retrieve document and top passage. Top passage is obtained of question from passages that has highest point. Passages was done by three scoring method : rule-based, heuristic, and combination of rule-based with heuristic. The answer extraction is conducted by calculating the nearest distance between each answer candidate in top passage and each word in keyword. Answer correction is evaluated by using these criteria: right, unsupported, wrong, and null.
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Judul: Pembentukan Passage dalam Question Answering System untuk Dokumen Bahasa Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesia. Supervised by AHMAD RIDHA. Passages are used by question answering system to get pieces of relevant documents. This research compared various aspects of passages: overlapping and non-overlapping passages, sentencebased and word-based passages, and passage formation time (before and after indexing). Types of question in this research are siapa (who), di mana (where), kapan (when), and berapa (how many). For indexing and retrieval process, we used BM25 and proximity algorithms from Sphinx. Top documents or passages were re-weighted using rules to get passages containing answers candidate. Answer extraction was performed using the smallest distance between query and candidate answers. Evaluation was conducted using mean reciprocal rank and answer accuracy (four criteria: Right, Unsupported, Wrong, and Null). The best result was obtained using BM25 for two kinds of passage, namely, 20 overlapping words with 80% accuracy and 30 overlapping words with 77.5% accuracy, where both considered one tag as one word and were formed after indexing. The best result for proximity were obtained three kinds of passages, namely, 2 overlapping sentences with 77.5% accuracy, 2 non-overlapping sentences with 77.5% accuracy, and 20 overlapping words with 77.5% accuracy, they also considered one tag as one word and were formed after indexing. The average performance based on mean reciprocal rank for passage by using BM25 and Proximity are 75.1% and 76.1%, respectively. The passages formed after indexing have better accuracy which indicates retrieving relevant documents is important for question answering system.
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Judul: Mercury Toxicity and It’s Effect on Histopathology Change of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Abstrak: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of fish species that oportunity to contaminated with mercury. The effects of pollutants can damage living organisms organs and can cause death. The effects caused mercury had acute or chronic character. The aims of this study are to determine threshold and acute toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), to assess the effect of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on several biometric parameters (survival, growth rate of average daily weighted, liver condition, bile and reproductive variability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), assess the level of damage to the histological structure of the gills, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure. This study was conducted from February to June 2013. Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study were female with average weight 20 grams or 11-13 cm length range. Toxicant materials used in this study was mercury chloride (HgCl2). Fish were reared in each aquarium 60x40x30 containing 48 liters of water. This study consists of three stages: a preliminary test, acute test, and sub-chronic test. To determine the changes in biometric condition of tilapia approximated by measuring the survival rate (SR), the growth rate of average daily weight , the content of mercury in the fish organs, hepatosomatic index (HSI), the relative bile volume (VER), gonadal soamtic index (IKG), fecundity and oocit diameter, tissue damage caused by mercury in fish organs by making histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The median lethal concentration (96 hr, LC50) of Mercury Chloride was calculated as 1,64 mgL--1.The survival rate was highest in the control treatment (46,67 %) . Mercury chloride with concentration 0.196 mgL--1 show significant effect to changes HSI and relative bile volume, and oocyte diameter of Nile tilapia (p < 0,05). Mercury chloride with a concentration of 0,164 mgL-1 and 0,196 mgL-1 have not a significant effect on the growth rate of weight, gonadal somatic index and fecundity of Nile tilapia (p > 0,05). Mercury chloride cause damage to gills (hyperplasia, hypertrophy, proliferation and neukrosis), liver (hyperplasia, hemorhage, shrinkage of hepatocytes, proliferation and neukrosis) and kidney (hyperplasia, hemorrhage, shrinkage of the glomerulus, proliferation and neukrosis).
Keyword: Nile tilapia, Hepatosomatic indexs (HSI), histopathology