Judul: Readiness for Marriage among Young Adults and Its Influence on the Marriage Age.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis faktor-faktor kesiapan menikah pada dewasa muda dan menganalisis pengaruhnya terhadap usia menikah. Contoh adalah 110 mahasiswa. Data kualitatif kesiapan menikah dianalisis dengan analisis konsep, menghasilkan tujuh faktor kesiapan menikah: kesiapan emosi, sosial, finansial, peran, seksual, spiritual, dan usia. Data kuantitatif kesiapan menikah dianalisis dengan analisis faktor menghasilkan sepuluh faktor: mengelola emosi, empati, keterampilan sosial, kognisi sosial, kesiapan peran, seksual, usia, finansial, kemampuan komunikasi, dan toleransi. Berdasarkan dua analisis tersebut, faktor-faktor kesiapan menikah menurut dewasa muda adalah kesiapan emosi (mengontrol emosi, dan kemampuan empati), kesiapan sosial (keterampilan sosial, kognisis sosial, dan toleransi), kesiapn peran, kemampuan komunikasi, kesiapan usia, finansial, dan seksual. Terdapat perbedaan kesiapan menikah laki-laki dan perempuan. Kesiapan menikah paling penting bagi laki-laki adalah kesiapan finansial dan bagi wanita adalah kesiapan emosi. Usia ideal menikah bagi laki-laki 26,31 tahun dan perempuan 23,98 tahun. Usia ingin menikah laki-laki 26,15 tahun dan perempuan 24,24 tahun. Uji regresi menunjukan kesiapan menikah mempengaruhi usia menikah. Semakin tinggi kemampuan empati dan kesiapan finansial semakin tua usia menikah, semakin tinggi kesiapan usia, seksual, dan kemampuan komunikasi, semakin muda usia menikah., Sunarti,Euis
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Judul: The Effect of Religiosity and Social Support on Marriage Readiness in the Young Adult Age Group
Abstrak: Indonesia mengalami penurunan angka pernikahan dalam sepuluh tahun terakhir. Religiusitas dan dukungan sosial mempunyai peran penting dalam mempersiapkan individu untuk menikah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh karakteristik dewasa muda, karakteristik keluarga, religiusitas, dan dukungan sosial, terhadap kesiapan menikah pada kelompok usia dewasa muda. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian cross sectional study dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Penelitian ini melibatkan dewasa muda yang belum menikah dan berusia 21 sampai 30 tahun. Responden pada penelitian ini berjumlah 60. Lokasi penelitian di wilayah Kecamatan Bogor Tengah, Kota Bogor, Jawa Barat. Pengambilan contoh penelitian dilakukan non probability sampling dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Hasil uji beda diperoleh adanya perbedaan signifikan antara religiusitas laki-laki dan perempuan. Uji korelasi menunjukkan terdapat hubungan positif signifikan antara usia responden, besar keluarga, religiusitas, dukungan sosial dengan kesiapan menikah. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa pendapatan, besar keluarga, dan religiusitas berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kesiapan menikah.
Keyword: marital readiness, religiosity, social support, young adult

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable