Judul: An Analysis of Innovation Network Performance on the Palm Oil Industry in North Sumatera
Abstrak: Indonesia and Malaysia shared 85% of global palm oil production by weight in 2013, according to United States Department of Agriculture (USDA, 2014). Indonesia overtook Malaysia as the biggest producer of palm oil and reached a total production of 30 million tons in 2014 (Ministry of Agriculture, 2015). Although Indonesia became the leading country in the production of palm oil, most of this commodity are exported as Crude Palm Oil (CPO) and Crude Palm Kernel Oil (CKPO) to Europe, China and India, so the value added going to another country. Therefore, the government wants to resolve this problem by increasing the added value of palm oil products. Innovation is the key factor to increase the added value of palm oil products. Indonesian government set North Sumatera as a center of palm oil industry and encourage the growth of innovation in this region. Advances in innovation are considered as the main factor that affect the regional competitiveness and become the key factor for increasing national economic growth. Moreover, collaboration between government, universities and firms are important to produce the expected innovation. This paper assess the effectiveness of network among actors on the palm oil industry in North Sumatera. A Social Network Analysis (SNA) was carried out to determine the structure and performance of this network. The result show that the government play insignificant role in this industry, while research institutions have more influence. Moreover, this study also identify the barriers which inhibit the collaboration among actors. This study use interpretive analysis based on the interviews to recommend some action plan, which are intended to improve the network.
Keyword: palm oil industry, social network analysis, interpretive analysis

Judul: Formulating a Collaborative Strategy to Develop Innovation in the Palm Oil Industry
Abstrak: Indonesia is the biggest producer of palm oil in the world with 31.5 million tons in 2014 and had export value almost 21 million USD. On the other hand, the economic value of Indonesian palm oil is lower than Malaysia. It happened because innovation in the palm oil Industry is less developed. However, the development of innovation in palm oil industry is not only increasing the economic value but also creating new jobs for Indonesian. But, many problems happen in the developing process, one of them is the lack of collaboration among stakeholders. Therefore, the aim of the study is formulating a strategy to develop innovation in the palm oil industry and a collaboration strategy among stakeholders to accelerate the development process. The research is using a case study strategy, with an inductive approach and interpretive philosophy. Data collection is using interviews with an expert from Industry, a researcher from University, and a researcher from research institution, a government officer from Ministry of Industry and an executive director of Indonesian Palm Oil Association. The data is analyzed by a triangulation method. The result showed that the availability of the market becomes the main factor for an enterprise to develop innovation. Moreover, before conducting research, the industry categorizes their problems into four sections urgent-direct, urgent-indirect, less urgent-direct, and less urgent-indirect. Based on that, they can prepare a short-term and a long-term strategy. The strategy to develop innovation is different between upstream and downstream industry, because the development of innovation in downstream industry is more complex rather than the upstream industry. Furthermore, the government can help the industry to accelerate the development process by providing more incentive both for industry and research institution. For the industry, the incentive is in form of tax reduction and for research institutions and university is in term of more budget to buy equipment, laboratory instrument and machinery.
Keyword: Palm oil, innovation, downstream industry, market, collaboration

Judul: Babesiosis pada kuda
Abstrak: Babesiosis pada kuda adalah penyakit menular yang di- sebabkan oleh Babesia caballi dan Babesia equi, yaitu pa- rasit protozoa perusak sel darah yang termasuk dalam genus Babesia. B. equi diduga oleh beberapa ahli termasuk dalam genus Theileria. Karena itu klasifikasi genus Babesia di- bicarakan dan siklus hidup B. caballi dan B. equi diulas. Kuda pada semua umur dapat terserang oleh dua parasite tersebut di atas. Tetapi kuda-kuda yang sudah dewasa (tua) lebih rentan jika dibandingkan dengan kuda-kuda yang masih muda. Kasus-kasus yang paling sering dijumpai adalah kasus-kasus yang bersifat akut walaupun kasus-kasus yang bersifat perakut, subakut dan kronik kadang-kadang terlihat. Serangan oleh parasit Babesia biasanya menyebabkan kerusаkan sel darah merah yang hebat sehingga kuda-kuda yang terserang menderita anemia hebat yang dapat menyebabkan kematian bila tidak segera diobati. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut perlu dilakukan diagnosis yang tepat dan sedini mungkin. Diagnosis dapat dilakukan dengan cara memeriksa gejala-gejala klinik, preparat ulas darah, inokulasi hewan lain dan dengan mengadakan pemeriksaan secara serologik. Gejala-gejala klinik babesiosis pada kuda yang bersifat akut yang paling sering terlihat, ialah : nafsu makan menurun/hilang, lesu, bulu suram dan tidak mau bergerak. Kuda yang dilepaskan di padang rumput akan mengasingkan diri dan jalan sempoyongan. Faeces yang keluar berwarna cok- lat gelap, diselaputi lendir yang berwarna kekuningan dan urimenya berwarna merah tua. Temperatur tubuh meningkat menjadi 39.5 - 41°C dan pulsus meningkat. Terlihat dispnoe, perdarahan petechi pada mukosa membrana nictitans dan conjunctiva yang lebih pucat dari normal dan juga icteris. Kasus-kasus yang bersifat subakut gejala-gejalanya lebih ringan, tetapi bila tidak segera diobati maka gejala- gejala tersebut secara cepat menjadi hebat. Persendian lutut dan persendian gelang puyuh membengkak dan padanya ter- lihat oedema. Pada abdomen, dada dan kepala juga dapat di- temukan oedema. Gejala-gejala klinik yang terlihat pada kasus kronik adalah penurunan kondisi tubuh kuda secara progresif walaupun diberi makan yang banyak. Perubahan temperatur tidak jelas, nafsu makan berubah-ubah, icterus tidak jelas dan anemia mungkin hanya dapat dideteksi dengan menghitung sel darah merah dan kadar hematocrit…dst
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