Judul: Penerapan Adaboost dan SMOTE untuk Penyelesaian Ketidakseimbangan Kelas pada Kasus Kredit Macet Bank XYZ.
Abstrak: Ketidakseimbangan kelas merupakan suatu kondisi terjadinya ketimpangan proporsi antara satu kelas dengan kelas lainnya. Ketidakseimbangan kelas akan mempengaruhi prediksi pada model. Jika ketimpangan yang terjadi sangatlah ekstrem, prediksi model akan lebih mengarah pada kelas mayor, sedangkan kelas minor akan menghasilkan ketepatan prediksi yang rendah. Data yang digunakan merupakan data penggunaan jasa kredit Bank XYZ dengan proporsi yang tidak seimbang. Hanya sebanyak 4% nasabah yang berada pada kategori kredit macet. Pengklasifikasian dengan metode regresi logistik biner menghasilkan ketepatan prediksi yang rendah pada kelas minor (sensitivitas) yaitu 0.02%. Ketidaktepatan prediksi akan berdampak pada kebijakan Bank sehingga hal tersebut perlu ditangani. Adaboost dan Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE) digunakan dalam menangani permasalahan buruknya klasifikasi kelas minor pada kelas tidak seimbang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kinerja klasifikasi dengan menggunakan metode SMOTE menghasilkan ketepatan prediksi pada kelas minor yang lebih besar dibandingkan metode Adaboost. Kenaikan nilai sensitivitas yang dihasilkan pada metode SMOTE mencapai 61.73%. Nilai akurasi yang dihasilkan untuk memprediksi amatan secara keseluruhan sebesar 76.45% dan ketepatan prediksi pada kelas mayor (spesifisitas) sebesar 77.05%.
Keyword: Adaboost, ketidakseimbangan kelas, regresi logistik biner, risiko kredit, SMOTE

Judul: Classifier Learning For Imbalanced Dataset Using Modified SMOTEBoost Algorithm And Its Application On Credit Scorecard Modeling
Abstrak: In many real cases, imbalanced class problem are often founded. A dataset is called imbalanced if there is one or more classes that are dominating the whole dataset as majority classes, and other classes becoming minority. In statistical classification, imbalanced class is a serious problem. This could lead the model less sensitive in classifying minority class objects. In many cases, misclassifying the minority class objects could have bigger problem than misclassifying the majority class. For instance in credit scorecard, accepting “bad” applicant will be much risky than rejecting “good” applicant. This study will discuss a hybrid technique between SMOTE and Boosting, called SMOTEBoost to overcome imbalanced class issue. SMOTE generates synthetic samples based on the objects’ characteristics and the k-nearest neighbor. Synthetic samples generation has different procedure for each numerical and categorical variable. Euclidian distance is used for numerical variable, while the value’s mode can be simply used for categorical variable. “Boosting” is a general method for improving the performance of any learning algorithm. In theory, boosting can be used to significantly reduce the error of any “weak” learning algorithm that consistently generates classifiers which only a bit better than random guessing. The popular variant of boosting called “AdaBoost”, an abbreviation for adaptive boosting. SMOTEBoost is a combination of SMOTE and boosting algorithm. The purpose of this combination is to create a powerful model in classifying imbalanced class dataset without sacrificing the overall accuracy. Decision tree, with CART algorithm, will be used in each boosting iteration. From the analysis result, the combination of SMOTE and Boosting has proven that it gives significantly better performance than CART. While SMOTE let the classifier improves the performance on the minority class, boosting procedure improves the predictive accuracy of any classifier by focusing on difficult objects. On comparison, SMOTEBoost produce better separation between good and bad class which is represents by higher performance measures (KS-Statistics, Area under ROC, and Accuracy) than CART. It also turns out that SMOTEBoost produces stable percentage between sensitivity and specificity, and this is the difference between SMOTEBoost and CART. SMOTEBoost produces good performance in predicting minority class (bad) as well as maintaining good performance in predicting majority class (good). Meanwhile if CART used, it will only gives good performance on predicting majority class. Besides having better performance compare to CART, SMOTEBoost also maintains stable performance across different bad rate. The stability assessment result shows SMOTEBoost gives good and stable performance, even though the bad rate is set to be significantly lower than the good rate.
Keyword: Imbalanced class, SMOTE, Boosting, Credit Scorecard

Judul: Lejeuneaceae Subfamily Ptychanthoideae (Hepaticae) in  West Java
Abstrak: Subfamily Ptychanthoideae of the family Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) in West Java is still poorly known. Publications on this subfamily are out of dated and written in the 19th or early of 20th century. The last taxonomic treatment of Ptychanthoideae of West Java was in 1933, many species names have changed since then. Studies on Ptychanthoideae of West Java are urgently needed. Studies on the Ptychanthoideae were based on the specimens collected from West Java. A total number of 361 of specimens deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), Herbarium Biotrop (BIOT), Gottingen Herbarium (GOET) and Bangi Herbarium (UKMB) were examined, those are old and several recent specimens collected in West Java. Recent collections were made from Telaga Warna, Ciater, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Cibodas Botanical Garden, Bodogol Education Center and Conservation (Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park), University of Indonesia Campus Depok, including several collections from Banten Province. Twenty four species of Lejeuneaceae subfamily Ptychanthoideae are known from West Java, belonging to 8 genera namely Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (2 species), Archilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (1 species), Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (10 species), Mastigolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (3 species), Ptychanthus Nees (1 species), Schiffneriolejeunea Verd. (1 species), Spruceanthus Verd. (2 species) and Thysananthus Lindenb. (4 species). Two new records of Ptychanthoideae: Mastigolejeunea indica Steph. and Thysananthus minor Verdoorn are reported for Java. A determination key to the species is presented including their descriptions and illustrations.
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