Judul: Analysis of Rent-Seeking Practices on Beef Import Activities in Indonesia
Abstrak: Domestic beef production has average deficit 200 to 300 thousand tons to consumer demand. To address this deficiency, the government, under regulation of PP 4/2016, has adopt the policy of importing boneless frozen beef. One of the notable issues within this industry is rent seeking activities. The period used in this research is President Joko Widodo's administration in 2014-2022 to assess the efficiency of cattle farming management, test the effectiveness of beef import policies for price stabilization, and analyze the various act of rent-seeking. The methods used are ICOR, ARCH/GARCH, and content analysis. The research results showed that investment improvidence in livestock sector amounted to 17.28 trillion rupiah. The best model is ARCH(1), shows that prices does not stable as evidenced by the high level of volatility with an ARCH coefficient 2,627021. Nine conspiracy of rent-seeking were found, namely: 1) Bribery/Gratification of Political Party; 2) Bribery/Gratification of Constitutional Judges regarding beef import policy; 3) Imports of beef from countries that are not yet free from PMK; 4) Manipulative agreement; 5) Distribute government budgets based on constituent regions, not production centers; 6) Illegal import; 7) Cartelization; 8) Sales above the price set by the government; and 9) Blended import-beef (oplosan)., Produksi domestik rata-rata kekurangan 200 hingga 300 ribu ton daging sapi terhadap permintaan masyarakat. Pemerintah melalui PP 4/2016 memilih kebijakan impor daging sapi beku tanpa tulang untuk pemenuhan tersebut. Permasalahan pada industri ini yaitu terdapat perburuan rente. Periode waktu yang digunakan yaitu masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo 2014-2022 dengan tujuan menilai efisiensi pengelolaan peternakan sapi, menguji efektifitas kebijakan impor daging sapi untuk stabilisasi harga, dan menganalisis modus operandi perburuan rente. Metode yang digunakan yaitu ICOR, ARCH/GARCH, dan content analysis. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pemborosan penggunaan investasi di sektor peternakan berjumlah 17,28 triliun rupiah. Model terbaik yaitu ARCH(1) menunjukkan harga tidak stabil dibuktikan dari tingkat volatilitas tinggi dengan koefisien ARCH 2,627021. Ditemukan sembilan modus operandi yaitu: 1) Suap/Gratifikasi Ketua Partai; 2) Suap/Gratifikasi Hakim Konstitusi; 3) Impor daging sapi dari negara PMK; 4) Kerjasama Manipulatif; 5) Mengalirkan anggaran proyek berdasarkan daerah konstituen, bukan sentra produksi; 6) Impor ilegal; 7) Kartelisasi; 8) Penjualan diatas harga yang ditetapkan pemerintah; dan 9) Daging sapi oplosan.
Keyword: perburuan, rent seeking, perburuan rente, import, rent, rent seeker, agricultural economic, price volatility, volatilitas harga, swasembada daging sapi, Daging Sapi Impor, Beef, economic analysis, volatility

Judul: Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Daging Sapi dan Implikasinya terhadap Kebijakan Impor
Abstrak: Chaotic imported beef in November 2012, resulting in a rise in the price of beef in the market so that the need for special handling so that beef prices. This research was conducted to analyze the factors that affect the demand for beef in Indonesia and the role of substitution, and the implications of policy import. This study uses secondary data the period 1982-2011. Analyses were performed with the econometric approach, estimation models using Principal Component Regression (RKU). The results show the coefficient of determination (R2) of 71.7 percent, and the elasticity of each of the variables tested small relative to the demand for beef show that beef consumption is not replaceable. Beef demand continues to increase every year even though the price of beef is relatively expensive. Formulations stabilization policy covering the prices of additional supplies at the time of the great religious, imports done merely to meet national shortage of supplies beef and ensure the availability of food -substitutions beef as the availability of chicken meat and eggs, and increases the production of beef in the long run.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell