Judul: Penggunaan Saponin pada Ayam Broiler : Performan, Perubahan Patologis dan Pengaruh terhadap lnfeksi Eimeria tenella
Abstrak: This research was done to investigate the effect of saponin in broiler's performance, the role of anti coccidia and to evaluate the pathological changes of liver. Nine hundred and ten and ninety Cobb strain broilers were used in this research. The birds were divided into two experiments. In the first group , saponin was administrated orally in feed and not infected with Eimeria tenella (E. tenella). All groups from this experiment, bodyweight, FCR, feed intake and liveability was evaluated all at days 21, 30 and 49. Leucocyte differentiation. hematocrite value and relative weight of organs were also examined. In the second group, broilers were administrated with saponin and orally infected with E. tenella (1 x 104 sporulated oocysts). The caecum of these birds was examined for the population number of oocysts and the life cycle of parasites histopathologically. In this experiment, the histopathological changes of the livers were examined at days 18, 21 and 28. The results showed that administration 75 ppm saponin in feed for 21 days could increase the general performance. By using 150 ppm of saponin decreased the numbers of oocysts, macrogametocytes and microgametocytes. In the other hand, the histopathological examination showed that application dose 150 ppm saponin for 21 days caused degeneration and necrosis of hepatic cells (7,67 %).
Keyword: daya kerja saponin, kegunaan saponin, karakteristik saponin, keehatan ayam

Judul: Infeksi Eimeria tenella pada ayam broiler:jumlah ookista setelah penambahan saponin
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tenella (E. tenella) pada feses dari litter. Lima puluh ekor ayam broiler galur Cobb digunakan dalam penelitian, dibagi ke dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan. Saponin dengan konsentrasi 75 ppm dan 150 ppm diberikan sejak ayam berumur satu hari (day-old chick/DOC) didalam pakan. Sebagai pembanding, koksidiostat (maduramicin) 6 ppm diberikan dengan cara yang sama. Infeksi E. tenella dengan dosis 1×10¹ ookista bersporulasi diberikan pada saat ayam berumur 14 hari secara peroral. Pengambilan sampel feses dari litter dilakukan pada hari ke 0 (sebelum infeksi), hari ke 4, 7, 11 dan 14 pasca infeksi (pi), kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan feses menggunakan metode pengapungan dan diteruskan dengan penghitungan jumlah ookista E. tenella menggunakan kamar hitung Mc Master dibawah mikroskop cahaya dengan pembesaran 100x. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan saponin ke dalam pakan dengan berbagai konsentrasi tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata (p>0.05) terhadap jumlah ookista E. tenella dalam feses dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol positif pada hari ke 7, 11 dan 14 pi.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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