Judul: Analisis nilai tambah dan kemampulabaan usaha pengolahan buah jeruk nipis
Abstrak: Agroindustri sebagai bagian dari pemhangunan pertanian dapat meningkatkan pendapatan pelaku agribisnis, mampu mendorong mulculnya industri lainnya, meningkatkan peroleban devisa, menyerap tenaga keJja serta memberi nilai tambah bagi komoditi pertanian dan usaba pengoIahannya. Komoditi hortikultura yaitu buah-buahan dan sayuran merupakan salah satu komoditi pertanian yang banyak digunakan sebagai bahan baku industri makanan dan minuman. Salah satu jenis buah yang dapat diolah menjadi berbagai macam produk adalah buah jeruk (Citrus sp). Buah jeruk nipis adalah salah satu jenis buah jeruk yang banyak dimanfaatkan dalam industri minuman ringan.
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Judul: Analisis kelayakan investasi usaha jeruk siam (Citrus nobilis var. microcarpa) berdasarkan pola usahatani marisi
Abstrak: Produksi Jeruk masih belum mencukupi kebutuhan dalam negeri, hal ini tampak dengan impor yang cukup besar. Pada tahun 1979 impor jeruk mencapai 6676 ton. Impor jeruk sempat menurun tahun 1980, menjadi 5547 ton. Namun tahun 1982 meningkat menjadi 7582 ton dan 9856 ton pada tahun 1986, tetapi kembali menurun pada tahun 1987 menjadi 4749 ton. Tujuan dan kegunaan Praktek Lapang ini secara khusus adalah: 1) Mempelajari pelaksanaan pengusahaan jeruk pada daerah praktek lapang, 2) Mengkaji kelayakan investasi pengusahaan jeruk berdasarkan pola usaha pengembangan komoditas tersebut pada daerah praktek lapang. Biaya-biaya yang dikeluarkan untuk usaha jeruk pola usahatani Marisi digolongkan atas Biaya investasi dan reinvestasi, biaya eksploitasi dan pajak penghasilan. Dari biaya-biaya tersebut sarana produksi merupakan biaya terbesar, yaitu 51,7% dan biaya untuk pengadaan pupuk organik sebesar 31,8% dari total biaya sejak investasi sampai dengan batas umur produktif jeruk 15 tahun. Sedangkan manfaat berasal dari hasil penjualan jeruk dan nilai sisa dari sarana penunjang.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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