Judul: Penapisan dan Identifikasi Bakteri yang Berasosiasi dengan Spons Jaspis sp. Penghasil Inhibitor Protease
Abstrak: Spons merupakan sumber produk alami berupa senyawa bioaktif. Sumber senyawa bioaktif tersebut dapat berupa inhibitor enzim, inhibitor pembelahan sel, antivirus, antifungi, antimikroba, anti-imflamantori, antitumor, atau sitotoksik. Asosiasi spons dengan bakteri mampu menghasilkan inhibitor protease yang berfungsi dalam penghambatan protease yang dihasilkan oleh bakteri patogen. Pencarian inhibitor asal mikroba laut diawali dengan proses penapisan bakteri penghasil inhibitor protease menggunakan lapisan ganda kasein. Inhibitor ini sangat berguna dalam bidang farmakologi. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang pencarian senyawa inhibitor khususnya inhibitor protease pada bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons Jaspis sp.
Keyword: 

Judul: Screening and characterization of protease inhibitor from bacteria associated with sponge Jaspis sp
Abstrak: Tiga galur dari 138 isolat bakteri yang berasosiasi dengan spons dari Waisai, Pulau Raja Ampat, Propinsi Papua Barat, Indonesia, diketahui mampu menghasilkan aktivitas penghambatan terhadap subtilisin (protease serin), termolisin (protease logam), dan ekstrak kasar dari bakteri patogen Eschericia coli enteropathogenic (EPEC) K.1.1, Staphylococcus aureus, dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Isolat-isolat tersebut dinamakan sebagai SAB S-12, SAB S-21, and SAB S-17. Metode agar-agar lapis ganda yang terdiri atas lapis kasein dan SWC (sea water complete) digunakan untuk menapis produsen penghambat protease terhadap kelompok bakteri patogen penghasil protease, seperti EPEC K.1.1, S. aureus, dan P. Aeruginosa. Dari ketiga isolat penghasil penghambat protease, isolat SAB S-12 tidak menghasilkan zona penghambatan, hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa galur tersebut memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terbesar. Isolat SAB S-12 memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terbesar terhadap termolisin dan enzim ekstrak kasar dari kelompok bakteri patogen berturut-turut sebesar 91.570% dan 98.846%. Kemudian, isolat SAB S- 21 memiliki aktivitas penghambatan terbesar terhadap termolisin sebesar 70.370%. Kondisi pertumbuhan optimum dari ketiga galur tersebut pada rentang pH 7.0-8.0 dan rentang suhu 40- 50˚C pada media SWC. Semua galur penghambat protease termasuk ke dalam kelompok bakteri Gram-negatif dan berbentuk batang.
Keyword: Streptomyces, Escherichia coli, Aplysina aerophobia

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: