Judul: The design of investment decision support system on palm oil biodiesel industry using dynamic system models, Rancang bangun sistem penunjang keputusan investasi pada industri biodisel kelapa sawit menggunakan model sistem dinamis
Abstrak: The gap between oil compsumption and production in the last few years has put indonesia into the oil net importer country. The increased of world oil’s price up to $60 US per barrel has increased the goverment subsidies more than 100 trillions rupiah in 2005. In order to anticipate the scarcity of oil in the future, the government has to search other energy resources especially renewable energy such as palm biodiesel that can be used as an alternative fuel of petroleum diesel and also known as ecolabelling product. In the frame work to support the development of palm biodiesel investment in Indonesia, this research is aimed to formulate the decision support system (dss) for palm biodiesel investment using dynamic models. The system consist of 5 submodels ie : The assesment of (1) Raw material resources, (2) production technology, (3) financial planning, (4) marketing, (5) environmental impact assesment. The correlation and interaction between submodel are based on logical function and theoritical framework by using system dynamic approach., Pertumbuhan konsumsi bahan bakar minyak yang terus meningkat dengan produksi relatif tetap, telah menempatkan Indonesia saat ini sebagai salah satu negara pengimpor bahan bakar minyak. Kenaikan harga minyak dunia yang mencapai 60 USD per barel telah memperbesar subsidi BBM menjadi lebih dari 100 triliun pada tahun 2005 berjalan. Untuk mengantisipasi kelangkaan BBM di masa mendatang perlu dikaji potensi sumber enerji lain terutama enerji yang dapat diperbaharui, antara lain yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan sebagai pengganti BBM solar adalah Biodisel Kelapa Sawit (BDS) yang bersifat ramah lingkungan.
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Judul: Impact of biodiesel development toward derivative product crude palm oil nasional industry
Abstrak: Berkurangnya hasil minyak bumi dari waktu ke waktu akan terjadinya kelangkaan keperluan bahan bakar minyak bagi roda perekonomian di berbagai sektor khusus nya sektor transportasi, industri dan kelistrikan. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut diperlukan mencari alternatif sebagai bahan penganti bahan baku miyak bumi yang berbasis eksplorasi dengan bahan baku yang berbasis tanaman atau nabati. Dalam penelitian ini dipilih kelapa sawit sebagai bahan baku alternatif tersebut dimana Indonesia termasuk penghasil terbesar di dunia. Secara umum tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menganalisis dampak pengembangan biodiesel dari kelapa sawit terhadap produk turunan kelapa sawit yang berbasis pangan. Untuk mencapai tujuan ini, digunakan pendekatan ekonometrika dengan membangun model sistem persamaan simultan yang terdiri dari 20 persamaan struktural dan 1 persamaan identitas. Model ini menggunakan metode 2SLS. Hasil pendugaan parameter model digunakan untuk melakukan simulasi skenario-skenario kebijakan yang relevan. Skenario 1 yaitu dilakukan pengembangan biodiesel 20 persen berakibat pada peubah dominan yaitu kenaikan harga tandan buah segar 4.72 persen, konsumsi minyak sawit naik 24.99 persen, impor minyak diesel turun 5.83 persen, permintaan minyak goreng sawit naik 8.43 persen dan permintaan margarin naik 10.36 persen.
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Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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