Judul: Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Batang Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) Terhadap Salmonella sp. dan Escherichia coli.
Abstrak: Resistensi antibiotik pada bakteri mengakibatkan pencegahan dan pengobatan suatu penyakit infeksius menjadi tidak efektif, sehingga perlu dikembangkan alternatif antibakteri yang salah satunya dapat berasal dari tanaman. Kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri dengan zat aktif berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, saponin, dan terpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran daya kerja ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis terhadap Salmonella sp. dan Eschericia coli. Pengujian daya kerja ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis dilakukan secara in vitro dengan menggunakan metode sumuran (agar well diffusion method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis pada konsentrasi 60% dan 80% memiliki aktivitas yang rendah sebagai antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella sp., serta tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli.
Keyword: antibakteri, Cinnamomum burmannii, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp.

Judul: Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) Sebagai Antimikroba Terhadap Bakteri Pada Wajah.
Abstrak: Resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agent such as antibiotic makes treatment with antibiotic become ineffective, so it is necessary to develop alternative antimicrobial from plants. One of the herbs that have antimicrobial activity is cinnamon. The aim of this research was to compare the effectivity of cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) ethanol extract at various concentrations with clindamycin in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive cocci bacteria isolated from facial skin. The method used for in vitro antimicrobial inhibition test was agar well diffusion method. The test results showed that cinnamon bark extract has antimicrobial effectivity in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive cocci bacteria but not as good as clindamycin. However, extract with concentration 20% and 40% in Micrococcus sp. showed better antimicrobial activity than clindamycin.
Keyword: antimicrobial, bacteria, face, cinnamon, Cinnamomum burmannii

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite