Judul: Identifikasi lahan pertanian rawan kekeringan dengan metode sistem informasi geografis
Abstrak: Drought is an event where rainfall is very low for long time period. Drought is a common natural phenomenon in Indonesia. It affects a wide variety of events, one of which is crop failure. This study aims to determine the drought prone of an area in Indramayu using GIS methods based on several bio-physic parameters, to determine the distribution and characteristics of drought prone area in Indramayu district, and to see the difference in the distribution of drought prone area by using different or the equal weights of parameter in annual rainfall or monthly rainfall (dry season). The study consists of several phases namely preparation, collection of base maps and create thematic map, satellite imagery interpretation, analysis and making drought-vulnerable, and presentation of research results. The bio-physic parameters used in this study were rainfall, landforms, land cover, drainage, slope, and stream buffers. All parameters are combined in a GIS analysis using different weighting and equal weighting with annual rainfall and dry season rainfall. The most influential parameter will get the highest value of weight and parameters with small influence will be given a low weight value. Modeling bio-physic parameter with different weights to the annual rainfall resulted in two vulnerable classes, less vulnerable 77.24%, and vulnerable 22.76%, while for the dry season rainfall resulted three classes including not vulnerable 0.74%, less vulnerable 85.20%, and vulnerable 14.06%. Maps with the equal weighting parameters for the annual rainfall resulted in four classes including not vulnerable 0.07%, less vulnerable 76.26%, vulnerable 23.56% and very vulnerable 0.11%. For the dry season rainfall also resulted in four classes: not vulnerable 0.47%, less vulnerable 84.12%, and vulnerable 15.28%, and the very vulnerable classes 0.12%. The subdistrict that potentially effected by drought prone area are Trisi subdistrict and Gantar subdistrict.
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Judul: Deliniasi Wilayah Pioritas Penangan Rawan Kekeringan Di Lahan Pertanian (Studi Kasus: Sulawesi Selatan)
Abstrak: Drought in the agricultural land might be happened because of the late wet season, it’s cause inappropriate cropping pattern. Delineation of vulnerability drought areas must be done to anticipate crop failure areas. Drought vulnerability areas analize by three different aspects: climatological, hydrological and agronomical. Each aspects has role in the water availability for agriculture land. Approachment of climatological aspect, drought vulnerability areas showed by the sensitivity level of rainfall towards sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Nino-3.4 region. The rainfall is divided in three period: wet season (MH) at November-February, first dry season (MK-1) at March-June and second dry season (MK-2) at July-October. The correlation between rainfall anpmalies and SST anomalies specify three different areas: high sensitive areas, low sensitive areas and non-significant areas. Significant areas is the regions where rainfall has correlation toward sea surface temperature anomaly where the regression produce P-value ≤ 0.05. Approachment of hydrological aspect, drought vulnerability areas determined by the density of stream pattern. In agronomy aspect, drought areas is determined from the type of agricultural land use. The integration of these three aspects result distribution of drought level areas in agriculture field, specifically rice-field. Results of the climatological aspect analysis shows that the drought areas more often in the west and south Sulawesi Selatan. While on the agronomy aspect, drought areas are dominated by rainfed lands and moor lands that spreads all over province.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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