Judul: Potensi Campuran Antioksidan Alami Ekstrak Daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum) dan Daun Jati Belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia.) Sebagai Inhibitor Asetilkolinesterase
Abstrak: Inhibisi asetilkolinesterase (AChE) dan aktivitas antioksidan diharapkan dapat mendasari terapi penyakit Alzheimer dengan menghambat pemecahan asetilkolin dan radikal bebas dalam serabut saraf motorik. Tumbuhan yang berpotensi sebagai tanaman obat tradisional adalah tumbuhan salam (Syzygizium polyanthum) dan jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia). Daun salam dan jati belanda berdasarkan publikasi terdahulu memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas ekstrak etanol dan fraksi polifenol campuran daun salam dan jati belanda yang berkhasiat antioksidan sebagai inhibitor enzim asetilkolinesterase. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan mengumpulkan data dari publikasi terdahulu. Pengujian aktivitas enzim dianalisis dengan bantuan assay kit AB138871 menggunakan metode spektrofotometri pada λ 410 nm. Sepuluh kombinasi komponen digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Hasilnya semua campuran tergolong berpotensi dengan menghambat lebih dari 40% aktivitas enzim AChE. Kombinasi fraksi salam:jati belanda 1:1 menghambat aktivitas enzim sebesar 56.87%, nilai ini tertinggi dari seluruh sampel fraksi baik tunggal maupun kombinasi. Secara keseluruhan hasil yang diperoleh dari fraksi polifenol menunjukkan nilai yang lebih baik dibanding ekstrak kasar etanol.
Keyword: acetylcholinesterase, alzheimer, bay leaves, dutch teak leaves

Judul: Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Bioaktivitas Kombinasi Fraksi Polifenol Daun Syzygium polyanthum dengan Guazuma ulmifolia.
Abstrak: Senyawa polifenol dalam daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp.) dan daun jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia Lam.) berkhasiat sebagai antioksidan alami dan berkorelasi positif dengan aktivitas antikanker yang menunjukkan adanya bioaktivitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan aktivitas antioksidan kombinasi fraksi polifenol daun salam (SLM) dengan jati belanda (JBL) dan potensi bioaktivitasnya. Tiga kombinasi komponen digunakan dalam penelitian ini, yaitu: SLM=JBL (A), SLM<JBL (B), SLM>JBL (C). Fraksi polifenol diperoleh melalui fraksinasi ekstrak kasar etanol dengan n-heksana dan kloroform. Aktivitas antioksidan ditentukan dengan metode 2,2-difenil-1-pikrilhidrazil (DPPH) pada λ 516 nm. Potensi bioaktivitas ditentukan dengan Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) melalui analisis Probit. Semua kombinasi memiliki aktivitas antioksidan sangat kuat (IC50 ≤ 50 μg/mL) dengan nilai IC50 18.05 μg/mL (C), 24.61 μg/mL (A), dan 40.56 μg/mL (B). Peningkatan kekuatan antioksidan berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan jumlah salam dalam kombinasi. Semua kombinasi bersifat sitotoksik dan memiliki potensi bioaktivitas (LC50<1000 μg/mL) dengan rentang nilai LC50 antara 55.05-153.76 μg/mL.
Keyword: antioksidan, jati belanda, kombinasi, salam, sitotoksik

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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