Judul: Effectiveness and sustainability community based marine sanctuary management (CBMSM): cases of CBMSM of Blongko, Sebesiisland and Harapan Island
Abstrak: Indonesian marine conservation policy was already established trough national law: UU No. 27/2007 concerning coastal and marine resources management and small island and also Government Regulation : PP No. 60/2007 concerning fisheries resources conservation. The target of national marine conservation by 2020 is to establish 20 million ha of marine protected areas. This research contribute to better marine and coastal conservation management for the future. General objective of this research is to evaluate the sustainability of marine sanctuaries in three locations. Specific objectives are (1) to determine the key factor which relates to marine sanctuary management; (2) to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of marine sanctuary, and (3) to formulate a strategic action for the development of marine sanctuary. The research were conducted at three locations, which are Blongko, North Sulawesi Province, Sebesi Island, Lampung Province, and Harapan Island, Jakarta Province. The data were collected from June 2007 to December 2007. The method of analysis consist of (1) natural resources analysis by quantitative analysis, (2) economic valuation, (3) effectiveness and sustainability analysis by multi dimension scaling analysis and discriminant analysis. There are 32 attributes has been analyzed to evaluate the sustainability of marine sanctuaries in three location. By using the analysis of attributes leverage method, it was found the attribute with high sensitivity that relate to the quality of coral reef and coral fish (ecological and environmental dimension); contribution of income, alternative livelihood and multiplier effect of marine sanctuary (economic and social dimension); legal aspect, local regulation and internalization of the program to local development program (policy dimension); and guidelines of marine sanctuary, extention offficer programs and capacity building, and participation of non government insitution (institutional dimension).The value of sustainability. index are: Blongko (63,83), Sebesi Island (72,41) and Harapan Island (36,30). Management strategies proposed, are (1) increasing the quality of coral reef and coral fish through protection from destructive fishing; (2) develop alternative livelihood such as mariculture, fish processing, environmentaly friendly fishing activities, marine ecotourism ; (3) internalization of the marine sanctuary to local development programs; and (4) involve the non government organization in marine sanctuary programs.
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Judul: Design for sustainable management of seagrass ecosystems for supporting fisheries in the Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi
Abstrak: Seagrasses have been well known as important habitat for various fauna, including numbers of economic important fishes, especially in the nursery stage. Therefore, seagrass ecosystems management is an important part of managing the marine fisheries. Spermonde Archipelago, a hotspot of coral and seagrass, consist of ± 120 small islands and have dense population (most of them depends on subsistence and small scale fisheries), especially in the south east of the archipelago implements an increased pressure to the seagrass ecosystems. The pressure to the ecosystems will affect the fisheries productivity. By knowing the sustainability status of the seagrass ecosystems, it will facilitate an assessment of the effectiveness of fisheries management and it will provide a valuable information to policy makers about the best policy option for the sustainability management of seagrass ecosystems in the future. Based on that, the main goal of this study was to determine the sustainability status of seagrass ecosystems in Barrang Lompo Island (BL) and Kapoposang Island (KP) for supporting fisheries. In order to achieve the main goal, there are three specific objectives were performed, namely 1). to analyze fish community structure in the seagrass beds, 2). to analyze the fishing activities and their status in the seagrass beds, 3). to design the sustainable management of seagrass ecosystems. Fish community structure was analyzed using non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and Bray-Curtis cluster analysis, while the most contributed species to difference of fish community structure was analyzed using SIMPER (similarity of percentages) procedure. All statistics analysis were carried out using PRIMER v6 software. The difference between fish distribution in both seagrass beds was analyzed with t-test and Bonferroni post-test using PRISM v5 software. Fishing activities were analyzed through fisher recognition based on the latest census data from village office and by interviews, observation of fisher’s behaviour during fishing in the seagrass beds, classification of their catches, analysis of maturity size of their catches based on life stage classification using fish maximum length. Status of fishing in the seagrass beds were determined based on FAO-like exploitation status scale and analyzed through measurement of catch per unit effort (CPUE), total catch in one year (Y), natural mortality as weight-dependence of mortality (Mw), estimated biomass in the same year (B), and maximum sustainable yield (MSY). RAPSECS (rapid appraisal technique for evaluating seagrass ecosystems sustainability) analysis using multidimensional scaling (MDS) was applied to analyze the sustainability status of seagrass ecosystems for each dimension (ecology, economic, social, technology, institution). A combination of pairwase comparison and geomean was used to determine the general sustainability status of each seagrass fisheries. Leverage analysis was applied to identify the most influence attributes to the sustainability status of each dimension. Strategy intervention was formulated based on the most influence attributes within each dimension. The results of non-metric multidimensional scaling technique and Bray- Curtis cluster analysis revealed that overall, there were significant differences of fish community structure and distribution pattern in the seagrass beds dominated by Thalassia hemprichii (TH) and Enhalus acoroides (EA). Fish abundance was higher in TH- than in EA-dominated beds, but fish biomass and species richness were lower in
Keyword: management strategy, sustainability, seagrass ecosystems, fishing, Spermonde Archipelago, RAPSECS, Thalassia hemprichii, Enhalus acoroides

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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