Judul: Pengaruh metode ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif intraseluler Chlorella sp terhadap pertumbuhan L. bulgaricus
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengekstrak senyawa bioaktif intraselnler Chlorella dengan metode ekstraksi yang berbeda. Selanjutnya dilakukan pengujian akivitas ekstrak senyawa bioaktif intraselnler terhadap pertumbuhan Lactobacillus bulgaricus untuk menentukan metode ekstraksi yang paling baik. Analisis kimiawi dilakukan terhadap hasil ekstrak dari metode terbaik untuk mempelajari kandnngan kimianya. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam 4 tahap yaitu, kultivasi, ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif intraseluler, pengujian hasil ekstrak terhadap pe1tumbnhan L. bulgaricus, dan analisis ki1niawi basil ekstrak. Kultivasi Chiarella sp. dilakukan dalam medium PHM-1 dengan kepadatan awal 4,75 x !05 sel/ml, pada suhu kamar, diberi aerasi dan diberi cahaya dengan menggunakan lampu neon 20 watt. Pada hari ke-40 (fase stasioner) dilakukan pemanenan dengan kepadatan sel 4 x IO 7 sel/ml. Biomassa yang diperoleh sebesar 32,53 gram (berat basah) darijumlah kultur yang dipanen sebanyak 8410 ml. Ekstraksi senyawa bioaktif dilakukan secara aqueous phase dengan metode ekstraksi yang meliputi pemanasan (80° , 30 menit), sonikasi, kombinasi pemanasan dengan sonikasi, homogenisasi, dan kombinasi pemanasan dengan homogenisasi.
Keyword: aqueous phase, Optical Density, Chiarella Growth Factor

Judul: Pengaruh Metode Ekstraksi Senyawa Bioaktif Intraseluler Chlorella Sp Terhadap Pertumbuhan L. Bulgaricus
Abstrak: Mikroba mempakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki potensi besar untuk dijadikan sumber pangan karena selain mudah dikembangkan juga memiliki kandullgan nutrisi yang tinggi terutama kandungan proteinya. Salah satu jenis mikroaba yang banyak mendapat perhatian untuk dijadikan sumber pangan adalah Chlorella. Chlorella bersifat kosmopolit, habitatnya tersebar dimana-mana baik air lawar, air payau maupuu air laut. Hal tersebut memudahkan Chlorella untuk dibudidayakan dalam skala besar. Keistimewaan Chlorella lainya adalah kandungan proteinya yang tinggi disamping kandungan senyawa lainya seperti karbohidrat, lemak, vitamin, mineral, serat, klorofil, dan Chlorella Growth Faktar (CGF).
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite