Judul: The Effect of Impregnation Time and Polymerization Temperature of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) on the Physical Mechanical Properties of Mineralized Sengon Wood
Abstrak: Sengon merupakan salah satu jenis kayu yang ditanam di hutan tanaman dan termasuk ke dalam jenis kayu cepat tumbuh (fast growing). Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi keefektifan mineralisasi menggunakan metode impregnasi kalsium karbonat terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu sengon. Variasi perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu waktu impregnasi dan suhu polimerisasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode impregnasi CaCl2 dan Na2CO3 yang diimpregnasi dengan tekanan 0,5 MPa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan waktu impregnasi dan suhu dapat meningkatkan nilai sifat fisis, mekanis, dan uji warna. WPG meningkat sebesar 27,78% pada suhu 100 °C. Nilai kerapatan tertinggi sebesar 0,51 g/cm3. MOEd dan MOEs menunjukan tren yang meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu impregnasi. Kuat tekan sejajar serat meningkat hingga 67,03% pada suhu 100 °C. Nilai perubahan warna (?E) menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dengan intensitas pemanasan yang lebih tinggi, menunjukkan warna kayu menjadi lebih gelap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa impregnasi dengan CaCO3 dan pemanasan dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis dan fisik kayu sengon, menjadikannya lebih stabil dan kuat., Sengon is one of the types of wood planted in plantation forests and is classified as a fast-growing wood. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of mineralization using the calcium carbonate impregnation method on the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood. The treatment variations given include impregnation time and polymerization temperature. The study was conducted using CaCl2 and Na2CO3 impregnation methods under a pressure of 0,5 MPa. The results showed that increasing impregnation time and temperature could enhance the physical, mechanical properties, and color test values. Weight Percent Gain (WPG) increased by 27,78% at a temperature of 100 °C. The highest density value was 0,52 g/cm³. Both modulus of elasticity in dynamic (MOEd) and static (MOEs) showed an increasing trend with longer impregnation times. Compressive strength parallel to the grain increased by up to 67,03% at 100 °C. The color change value (?E) showed a significant increase with higher heating intensity, indicating the wood became darker. The study results indicate that impregnation with CaCO3 and heating can improve the mechanical and physical properties of sengon wood, making it more stable and stronger.
Keyword: MOEd, WPG, compressive strength, mineralization, vacuum-press

Judul: The Effect of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) Impregnation Pressure Variation on the Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mineralized Sengon Wood.
Abstrak: Kayu sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen) dikenal sebagai kayu cepat tumbuh dengan kerapatan, kekerasan, dan kekuatan rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan meningkatkan kualitas kayu sengon melalui mineralisasi menggunakan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dengan variasi tekanan dan jenis kayu (gubal dan teras). Impregnasi dilakukan dalam dua tahap menggunakan larutan natrium hidroksida (NaOH), kalsium klorida (CaCl2), dan natrium karbonat (Na2CO3). Pengujian mencakup sifat fisis (kadar air, kerapatan, berat jenis, Anti-Swelling Efficiency) dan sifat mekanis (modulus elastisitas dinamis, modulus elastisitas statis, modulus patah, tekan sejajar serat, kekerasan, dan uji warna kayu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan signifikan pada sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu sengon setelah mineralisasi. Kerapatan kayu mencapai 0,51 g/cm
Keyword: sengon, mineralization wood, calcium carbonate

Judul: Antibodi anti-idiotipe sebagai kandidat vaksin rabies, Anti-idiotype andibody as a rabies vaccine candidate
Abstrak: Anti rabies serum (ARS) called antibody 1 (Ab1) was used as the antigen to immunize laying chickens. Anti-Ab1 chicken immunoglobulins (IgY), the antiidiotype antibodies against rabies (Ab2) was isolated from chicken blood every week for ten weeks. The highest titer of Ab2 was found at the third week after the last immunization. Immunoglobulin Y was separated by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, then dialyzed using PBS pH 8.0 for 24 hours at 2 – 8 oC and purified using affinity chromatography column for IgY lead the proteins molecules with 185,000; 95,000 and 49,000 dalton in weigth. Purified IgY was used to immunize New Zealand White rabbit and the antibody response (Ab3) was detected using Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT). The Ab3 showed specific reaction with Ab2 as well as rabies virus. Interestingly, Ab2 and rabies virus express partial identity reaction. This lead the insight, that not all parts of Ab2 are internal image of rabies virus. The efficacy of Ab3 was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indicated that the level of Ab3 titer is protective according to WHO standard (more than 0.5 IU/ml). The conclusion of this study is the anti-idiotype antibody can induce protective immune response against rabies virus and can be used as an alternative for rabies anti-idiotype vaccine. Key words : anti-idiotype vaccine, antibody, rabies
Keyword: