Judul: Coral Reef Health and  The Distribution of Soft Coral Abundance in Banten Bay
Abstrak: Teluk Banten berada di utara bagian barat Pulau Jawa yang memiliki terumbu karang di sekitarnya. Beberapa diantaranya adalah Pulau Panjang, Pulau Lima dan Pulau Pamujan Besar. Penelitian ini dilakukan sejak Oktober 2021 - Maret 2022 pada 9 titik pengamatan yang tersebar di ketiga pulau. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kesehatan terumbu karang dan distribusi kelimpahan karang lunak tiga pulau tersebut. Data terumbu karang diambil melalui penyelaman dengan menggunakan metode Underwater Photo Transect (UPT). Transek garis dibentangkan sejajar garis pantai sepanjang 50 m. Data berupa foto diambil menggunakan transek kuadrat (58 cm x 44 cm) yang diletakkan selang-seling di setiap meternya. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan keberadaan soft coral ditemukan pada 9 stasiun, masing-masing adalah 0.21%, 0.99%, 0.70%, 13.89%, 7.61%, 16.80%, 5.78%, dan 4.62%. Terumbu karang lunak ditemukan pada 8 stasiun dan tidak ditemukan pada 1 stasiun. Nilai kepadatan yang cukup besar ditemukan pada Stasiun 4 dan Stasiun 6, sedangkan nilai kepadatan yang kecil ditemukan pada Stasiun 1, Stasiun 2 dan Stasiun 3). Berdasarkan KEPMEN LH No. 4 Tahun 2001, terumbu karang di sekitar Pulau Panjang termasuk kategori buruk dan sedang (tidak sehat)., Banten Bay is located in the north west part of Java Island which has coral reefs around it. Some of them are Panjang Island, Lima Island, and Pamujan Besar Island. This study was carried out from October 2021 - March 2022 at 9 observation points spread across the islands. This study aims to determine the health of coral reefs and the distribution of soft coral abundance in the three islands. Coral reef data was taken through diving using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method. Line transect was stretched parallel to the shoreline for a length of 50 m. The data in the form of photos were taken using a square transect (58 cm x 44 cm) which was placed alternately in each meter. Based on the observation, the presences of soft coral found at 9 Stastion, each is 0.21%, 0.99%, 0.70%, 13.89%, 7.61%, 16.80%, 5.78%, and 4.62%, respectively. Fairly large value of abundance was found at Station 4 and Station 6 while small value of abundances were found at Station 1, Station 3 dan Station 2 Based on Decree of Ministry of Environment No. 4 of 2001, the coral reefs around Pulau Panjang are categorized as bad and fair (unhealthy).
Keyword: Abundance, Panjang Island, Soft coral, Karang lunak, Kepadatan, Pulau Panjang

Judul: Sebaran Terumbu Karang di Perairan Pulau Menjangan Taman Nasional Bali Barat dan Biorock Pemuteran, Bali
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui sebaran genus karang keras, bentuk pertumbuhan (lifeform) karang keras, komposisi komunitas bentik serta persentase tutupan karang keras di perairan Pulau Menjangan dan Biorock Pemuteran, Bali. Pengambilan data dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2016 menggunakan metode Point Intercept Transect (PIT) dengan panjang setiap transeknya 50 meter dan dilakukan sebanyak tiga kali pengulangan yang dibentangkan sejajar garis pantai. Komposisi komunitas bentik di kedua lokasi penelitian didominasi oleh dead coral with algae (Perairan Pulau Menjangan 51%, Biorock Pemuteran 48.9%). Diikuti oleh persentase abiotic (18%), hard coral (16%), soft coral (10%), dead coral (4.5%) dan other fauna (0.5%) di perairan Pulau Menjangan. Sedangkan di Biorock Pemuteran persentase abiotic (35%), hard coral (12%), dead coral (4%) dan other fauna (0.1%). Alveopora dan Stylophora merupakan genus karang keras yang paling dominan ditemukan di perairan Pulau Menjangan, sedangkan Acropora dan Porites dominan di Biorock Pemuteran. Coral branching dan Coral massive merupakan lifeform karang yang mendominasi kedua lokasi penelitian., This study aims to determine the distribution of hard coral genus, hard coral lifeform, benthic community composition and the percentage of hard coral cover in the waters of Menjangan Island and Biorock Pemuteran, Bali. Data collection was carried out in June 2016 using the Point Intercept Transect (PIT) method with a length of each transect of 50 meters and carried out three repetitions spread parallel to the shoreline. The composition of benthic communities in both study sites was dominated by dead coral with algae (Menjangan Island waters 51%, Biorock Pemuteran 48.9%). Followed by abiotic percentages (18%), hard coral (16%), soft coral (10%), dead coral (4.5%) and other fauna (0.5%) in the waters of Menjangan Island. Meanwhile in Biorock Pemuteran the percentage of abiotic (35%), hard coral (12%), dead coral (4%) and other fauna (0.1%). Alveopora and Stylophora are the dominant hard coral genus found in Menjangan Island waters, while Acropora and Porites are dominant in Biorock Pemuteran. Coral branching and Coral massive are coral lifeforms that dominate both study sites.
Keyword: benthic, biorock, hard coral genus, lifeform, Menjangan

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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