Judul: Potensi Antimikroba Daun Tin (Ficus carica) terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dan Pseudomonas aeruginosa serta Aplikasinya pada Produk Bakso
Abstrak: In Indonesia there are many abuse of formaline use in meatball. This study was conducted to explore antimicrobial activity of fig leaf and to find alternative of preservation technology which is effective and safe especially for meatball. Fig leaf has been used as medicine for various health problems but its application in food has not been widely explored. Based on the extraction with maceration method, extraction of fig leaf using ethanol as solvent showed a higher yield than using hexane. Based on the well diffusion assay, in Staphylococcus aureus plate the greatest inhibition diameter was found by 10%(w/v) or 100 mg/ml ethanol extract i.e 8.07 mm and the smallest by 10%(w/v) or 100 mg/ml hexane extract i.e 3.86 mm. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa plate the inhibition diameter of ethanol and hexane extract were 5.70 mm and 4.97 mm respectively. The minimum inhibition concentration of ethanol fig leaf extract against Staphylococcus aureus was 10 mg/ml or 10% (w/v). Therefore ethanol fig extract was applied in meatball with two treatments i.e. mixing and boiling. The concentration of ethanol fig leaf extract which was applied were 3, 5, 10(%). Based on Total Staphylococcus aureus counts, extract from both of treatments (5% and 10%) could reduce S. aureus in meatball till 6 hours at room temperature. Extract by mixing treatment could reduce S. aureus more than extract by boiling treatment. The most effective concentration from ethanol fig leaf extract was 5% (w/w) by boiling treatment. It could extend meatball’s shelf life till 72 hours in room temperature.
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Judul: Kajian Aktivitas Antimikroba Ekstrak Belalang terhadap Bakteri E. coli dan S. aureus serta aplikasinya pada bakso daging
Abstrak: Javanese grasshopper (Vangala nigricornis) is one of various insects that grows in Indonesia. Beside to its nature is destructive and considered crop pests for farmers, Javanese grasshopper used as food for some people, particularly in Wonosari Jogjakarta. In addition to the useful as food, Javanese Grasshoppers also capable of inhibiting the growth of pathogenic bacterias, that are E. coli and S. aureus. The aim of this research was to find out the Javanese grasshopper as a preservative in fact, meat products. Research prefixed to prove the existence of the antimicrobial activity from Javanese grasshopper by using the well diffusion method. Extract derived from four solvents, that were water, ethanol, acetic acid, and hexan. From four extracts was got, extract acetic acid (± 9 mm) and extract ethanol (± 7 mm) that showed antibacterial activity. Next step was to determined the minimum inhibitory concentration of the extract was selected (acetic acid), which amounted to 6 %. The last step was to test to meatball products, from this test known the extracts Javanese grasshopper able to extend the life of stored meatballs than meatballs control.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular