Judul: Development strategy for Cashew Nut SMEs in Muna Regency
Abstrak: Kacang mete merupakan produk unggulan di Kabupaten Muna dengan peluang yang sangat besar. Tanaman mete berasal dari perkebunan rakyat di Sulawesi Tenggara dengan jumlah area terluas (115.467 ha) atau sekitar 29% dari luas total tanaman menghasilkan (TM) di Indonesia bila dibandingkan dengan provinsi lain penghasil mete dengan Kabupaten Muna sebagai kabupaten sentral kacang mete. Kacang mete di Kabupaten Muna telah memiliki indeks geografis dengan ciri berwarna putih susu dan tingkat keutuhan >85-95%. Terdapat banyak UMKM kacang mete di Kabupaten Muna. UMKM kacang mete di Kabupaten Muna memiliki jumlah yang banyak dan telah lama ada namun belum berkembang dengan optimal. Penelitian ini membahas tentang strategi pengembangan UMKM kacang mete di Kabupaten Muna Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara menggunakan analisis deskriptif. metode yang digunakan adalah Matriks IE, Matriks SWOT Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Dengan tujuan: (1) analisis faktor Iternal dan Eksternal kemudian membuat matriks IE untuk mengetahui sedang beradaa pada fase mana UMKM kacang mete saat ini, (2) membuat alteratif strategi dengan matriks SWOT dan (3) merumuskan strategi UMKM kacang mete yang sesuai dengan keadaan kondisi internal dan eksternal di Kabupaten Muna. Hasil penelitian menunjukan UMKM kacang mete dinilai memiliki kekuatan dan peluang yang besar yang dapat mengatasi kelemahan maupun mengantisipasi ancaman yang akan dihadapi. Kekuatan utama yang dimiliki oleh UMKM kacang mete adalah bahan baku berkualitas baik, sehingga UMKM dapat memiliki produk dengan kualitas yang baik dengan pasar yang lebih luas. Faktor peluang terbesar yang harus dikembangkan adalah kondisi tanah dan geografis yang cocok untuk tanaman mete, UMKM kacang mete di Kabupaten Muna didukung oleh kondisi geografis yang memang cocok untuk tanaman mete yang membuat ketersediaan bahan baku dapat berlangsung secara terus-menerus. Faktor kelemahan yang harus diperhatikan adalah kurangnya modal usaha. Faktor ancaman yang kini sedang dihadapi oleh pihak UMKM kacang mete yaitu perubahan cuaca yang memengaruhi kualitas kacang mete. Matriks IE menunjukan bahwa UMKM kacang mete di Kabupaten Muna berada pada sel V yaitu Grown and Stability (tumbuh dan stabil) fase tumbuh yang berarti kesempatan UMKM kacang mete untuk terus berkembang sangatlah besar. Sedangkan fase stabil artinya UMKM kacang mete memiliki peluang yang sangat besar hanya saja ada kendala atau kelemahan yang harus dihadapi, untuk itu perlu dilakukan alternatif strategi yaitu pengembangan pasar dan pengembangan produk. Kemudian dilakukan analisis QSPM untuk menentukan prioritas strategi utama. Hasil QSPM menunjukan prioritas strategi pengembangan pasar paling tepat yaitu mengembangkan penjualan produk dengan mencari informasi penjualan ke pasar ekspor melalui sosial media maupun bantuan dari pemerintah dengan nilai sebesar 9,26., Cashew nuts are a superior commodity in Muna Regency with enormous opportunities. Cashew crops come from smallholder plantations in Southeast Sulawesi with the largest area (115,467 ha) or around 29% of the total area of productive crops in Indonesia when compared with other cashew-producing provinces with Muna Regency as the central cashew nut district. Cashew nuts in Muna Regency have a geographic index characterized by a milky white color and a level of integrity >85-95%. So there are many cashew nut MSMEs in Muna Regency. Cashew nut MSMEs in Muna Regency are large in number and have been around for a long time. However, they have not
Keyword: MSMEs, Cashew Nuts, Muna Regency, IE, SWOT, QSPM

Judul: Analysis of Market Structure, Conduct, and Performance of Cashew in Muna District, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: Cashew is the leading commodity in Muna District. Most of the cashew plantations are small-scale plantation. Total cashew plantation area in Muna District in 2013 amounted to 17 884 hectares with a production of 42.76 percent. The production of cashew in Muna District, nearly 95 percent, are sold out of Muna District, through the inter-island transportation lines and marketed by interisland traders (PAP) in Buton, Bau-Bau and Kendari and outside Southeast Sulawesi in Makassar City and Surabaya. High prices of cashew at the trader level have not felt by cashew farmers in Muna District. It is shown from the increasing cashew price from 2007 until 2013 which was from Rp 8 000 to Rp15 000 per kilogram, while at the farm level it was only about Rp 3 000 to Rp 5 000 which was not followed by an increase in prices at the farm level. Average share price received by farmers from the sale of cashew produced annually was only 14.83 percent of the share price, which means farmer share was still relatively low (<40%). The main problem faced by cashew farmers in Muna District is a weak bargaining position of farmers in price determination. Uncompetitive market conditions affect marketing institution in price formation and determination; therefore efficient marketing has not been conducted. How fast price changes being responded by marketing institution will be analyzed through market performance. Based on these problems, it is necessary to analyze market structure, conduct and performance as an appropriate analytical method to determine the cashew marketing system. This study aims to 1) analyze the structure, conduct and performance of cashew market in Muna District, 2) analyze the impact of market structure, conduct and performance on cashew marketing system in Muna District, and 3) formulate policy recommendations on cashew marketing system in Muna District. Descriptive and quantitative analyses were employed by using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Eviews 6. The result showed that the market structure faced by cashew farmers in Muna District was oligopsonistic. This is due to the market conditions at the trader level were concentrated with a low competition (HHI=1 521). Market power possessed by inter-island traders will influence the behavior of a marketing institution in the lower level that is shown in the market conduct. Institutions and practices of marketing functions involved in the cashew marketing were farmers, village traders, sub-district traders and inter-island traders. The marketing functions performed include the function of exchange, physical, and facilities. Marketing channels of cashew in Muna District consists of two channels. The first channel, farmers sell to village traders and then to subdistrict traders and lastly to inter-island traders. The second channel, farmers sell to sub-district traders and then to inter-island traders. High dependency of farmers on traders is due to capital constraints, especially in distributing cashew to the market. Bad transportation access leads to less information obtained by farmers and accordingly weak bargaining position of farmers in price determination. Farmer condition in facing oligopsonistic market and weak bargaining position in price determination will affect market performance. This is shown from the low cashew price share
Keyword: marketing system, cashew farmers, price, bargaining position

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: