Judul: Forest vegetation composition and structure of the former forest burned area (In R. Soerjo Forest Park Area, Malang)
Abstrak: I NTRODUCTION. Forests damage in Indonesia are increasing affect to forest function decline. One cause of forest destruction in Indonesia is forest fires. Forest fires in Indonesia are mostly caused by humans. Impact of forest fires covering all aspects of ecosystems like, vegetation, fauna, soil, water, climate, air, and humans. forest vegetation damage caused succession in burned area. Succession effect reflected on forest vegetation composition dan structure. METHODOLOGY. The research was conducted in unburnt forest area, forest areas with a mild fire level, forest area with medium fire level, and forest area with heavy fire level. In each site observations made in three plots with plot size 100 x 100 m. In each plot observations are made of 4 sub-plots sample with size 20 x 20 m to measure the level of tree, strangler and woody liana; size 10 x 10 m to measure the level of the pole; size 5 x 5 m measure the level of saplings, lianas non-wood, pine, and palm; and 2 x 2 m measure the level of seedlings, ferns, shrubs and herbs. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. Forest fires in R Soerjo Forest Park, Malang resulted in a decrease number of species of trees and regeneration rate and growth form. Only herb that has a stable species number in all forest conditions. Shannon species diversity according to the Index of General Diversity (H') shows that forest fires reduced the value of diversity at the level of stakes, poles, trees and most other forms of non-tree growth. Forest structure in each forest condition have a different highest diameter class. Unburned forest conditions have diameter until up to 110 cm, mild level forest fires reached only 60-69 cm for the highest diameter class. Meanwhile, on the medium level forest fires reached 80-89 cm for the highest diameter class, while the diameter classes of forest with heavy fire levels only reached 40-49 cm. Forest fires reduce the value of density on all forest burned area. The effect of forest fire on soil chemical properties are decrease soil pH value, increase the value of C-organic, and increase the value of cation exchange capacity (CEC). Forest fire in R. Soerjo Forest Park Area, Malang is causing changes of forest vegetation composition and structure and also soil chemical properties.
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Judul: Valuation of Fire severity in Mount Lawu Forest, BKPH Lawu Selatan, KPH Lawu Ds, East Java
Abstrak: Selama beberapa tahun terakhir, hutan Gunung Lawu yang terletak di perbatasan antara Jawa Tengah dan Jawa Timur mengalami kejadian kebakaran hutan. termasuk kejadian pada tahun 2019 yang dikhawatirkan dapat merusak ekosistem di kawasan tersebut. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai tingkat keparahan kebakaran hutan Gunung Lawu menggunakan metode fire severity. Penelitian ini menggunakan karakteristik kondisi vegetasi dan kondisi tanah sebagai indikator penilaian. Plot yang dibangun di lokasi hutan terbakar dan tidak terbakar masing-masing berjumlah tiga jalur dengan setiap jalur terdiri dari 3 plot berukuran 20 m x 20 m. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perbedaan pada kondisi vegetasi dan kondisi tanah di dua lokasi pengamatan. Perbedaan pada kondisi pohon meliputi perbedaan jumlah pohon hidup, lokasi kerusakan pada pohon, jenis kerusakan pada pohon, nilai indeks keanekaragaman jenis (H’), dan nilai kemerataan jenis (E). Perbedaan pada kondisi tanah meliputi nilai bulk density, pH, KTK, dan ketersediaan katioan basa (K, Na, Ca, Mg). Berdasarkan penilaian fire severity kebakaran hutan yang terjadi di hutan Gunung Lawu, BKPH Lawu Selatan, KPH Lawu Ds, Jawa Timur termasuk dalam kategori sedang, dengan total skor 58,3., Over the last few years, Gunung Lawu forest, which is located on the border between Central Java and East Java, has experienced forest fires, included in 2019, which could damage the ecosystem in the area. This research aims to assess the severity of Gunung Lawu forest fires using the fire severity method. This research uses the characteristics of vegetation conditions and soil conditions as indicators of assessment. The plots that were built in the burned and unburned forest consisted of three lanes each with each lane consisting of 3 plots 20 m x 20 m. The results of this study indicate tree and soil conditions differences in the two locations. The differences in vegetation condition include the difference in the number of living trees, the damage location, the types of damage, the diversity index value (H '), and the evenness value (E). Differences in soil conditions include bulk density, pH, CEC, and availability of alkaline ratio (K, Na, Ca, Mg). Based on the fire severity assessment of in Mount Lawu forest fire, BKPH Lawu Selatan, KPH Lawu Ds, East Java, it is classified in the medium category, with a total score 58,3.
Keyword: Fire Severity, Mount Lawu, Soil Condition, Vegetation Condition

Judul: Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules Formation for Leydig Cells Encapsulation
Abstrak: Hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by low concentrations of testosterone. It is caused by malfunction of Leydig cells in producing testosterone. Encapsulation method will protect the transplanted cells from the immune system rejection. The aims of this study was to optimize the formation of microcapsules for Leydig cells encapsulation. The microcapsules were made of alginate and chitosan as the first and the second coating agents, respectively. The result showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with a viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230-270 µm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted spherical microcapsule with mechanical stability in 4 hours. Leydig cells can be trapped inside the capsule with a density that proportional with concentration of cells used in the encapsulation.
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