Judul: Fermentation and Enzimatic Technology of Palm Kernel Cake (PKC) and its Application on Broiler Ratio (Study Quantitative)
Abstrak: Penggunaan palm kernel cake dalam pakan ayam broiler sangat dibatasi karena tingginya kandungan serat kasar serta asam amino yang tidak seimbang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi dampak penambahan palm kernel cake pada pakan broiler dan menentukan pengolahan yang terbaik untuk mengurangi faktor faktor pembatas penggunaan palm kernel cake dengan metode study kuantitatif. Data didapatkan dari 19 paper yang diperoleh dari berbagai sumber seperti science direct, google scholar, dan research gate. Teknologi yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah teknologi fermentasi (FPKC) dan teknologi enzimatis (EPKC). Penggunaan palm kernel cake dalam penelitian ini adalah bersikar dari 0% hingga 30%. Data diolah dengan persamaan regresi menggunakan softwere IBM SPSS ver 20. Hasil analisis menunjukkaan konsumsi pakan dan pertambahan bobot badan broiler dengan pakan PKC, FPKC, maupun EPKC tidak berbeda (P>0,10) dengan pakan control, begitupun dengan penambahan PKC terhadap FCR. Sedangkan penambahan FPKC dan EPKC secara kuadratik menunjukkan hasil yang sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01) dan cenderung berbeda nyata (P<0,10) terhadap FCR. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penggunaan PKC tidak berpengaruh buruk tehadap performa bila diberikan secara bertahap. Penggunaan 15% FPKC memberikan pengaruh yang baik terhadap efisiensi pakan namun tidak baik jika melebihi taraf tersebut., The use of palm kernel cake in broiler diets is limited due to the high content of crude fiber and unbalanced amino acids. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of adding palm kernel cake to the broiler diet and to determine the best processing to reduce the limit of factors for the use of palm kernel cake using quantitative study method. The data were gained from 19 papers. This study also uses digital sources such as science direct, google scholar, and research gate. The technologies used to increase palm kernel cake quality were fermentation (FPKC) and enzymatic (EPKC). The use of palm kernel cake in this study was from 0% to 30%. The data was processed by regression using IBM SPSS 20th version software. The result showed that feed intake and body weight gain of broilers fed PKC, FPKC, and EPKC were not different (P>0.10) from control, similarly to the addition of PKC in feed to FCR. However, the addition of FPKC and EPKC in the feed had a significant effect (P>0.01) and tended (P<0.10) to FCR. It can be concluded that the gradual addition of PKC, FPKC, and EPKC had no negative effect. The addition of 15% PKC in broiler feed can improve feed efficiency.
Keyword: broiler, enzymatic technology, fermentation technology, palm kernel cake

Judul: Persentase Karkas, Potongan Komersial, dan Lemak Abdominal Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Pakan Mengandung Tepung Inti Sawit Ditambah Pollard atau Dedak
Abstrak: The palm oil industry has a main product and a byproduct that can be used as a feeding. One of the product that has not been widely studied is the palm kernel powder. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect offeeding ration containing palm kernel powder on carcass percentage, commercial cut, and abdominal fat of broilers. There treatments were; P1 (control), P2 (ration contained palm kernel powder and pollard), P3 (ration contained palm karnel powder and rice bran) with 6 replications. The results showed that the percentage of carcass and commercial cut of broiler fed palm kernel powder (P2 and P3) was lower than control, but increased commercial cuts (thighs, upper thigh, wings, and back). Abdominal fat of P2 was higher compared to P1 and P3.Feeding palm kernel powder in the diet decreasedcarcass percentage and increased commercial cuts except the breast and abdominal fat.
Keyword: Palm Karnel Powder, Commercial Cuts, Carcass Percentage, Broiler, bdominal Fat

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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