Judul: Karakteristik Karkas dan Non Karkas Kambing Kacang dan Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) pada Bobot Lepas Sapih.
Abstrak: This study was conducted to evaluate carcass and non carcass characteristics of 27 Kacang goats and 16 Etawah crossbreed goats (Peranakan Etawah, PE) at post-weaning body weight (average 10.04 kg). The data were analysed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) with Slaughter Weight (SLW) and half carcass side as covariable. The results showed that PE goats had very significantly (P<0.01) higher in SLW, non carcass weight and percentages (based on SLW), while their Empty Body Weight (EBW) was significantly higher (P<0.05) than Kacang goats. PE goats had higher (P<0.01) percentages (based on EBW) of tail, vesica urinaria, and intestinal tract. PE goats also had higher (P<0.05) blood, pancreas and gastrointestinal tract percentages, whereas percentages of omental fat (P<0.05) and genitals (P<0.01) were greater for Kacang goats. There were no differences observed in percentages of muscle, fat and bone of carcass components between breeds, but PE goats had very significantly (P<0.01) higher percentages of connective tissue than Kacang goats. PE goats had higher proportion of leg (P<0.01), but Kacang goat had significantly higher (P<0.01) proportion of loin, rack and breast. Evaluation on carcass and non carcass characteristics of Kacang goats and PE goats which slaughtered at post-weaning body weight resulted differences on non carcass characteristics, carcass compositions and tissue distributions of commersial cuts.
Keyword: post-weaning, PE goats, non carcass, kacang goat, carcass

Judul: Karakteristik Karkas dan Non Karkas Kambing Kacang dan Kambing Peranakan Etawah pada Bobot Potong 17 kg.
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to evaluate the characteristics of carcass and non carcass of 36 local goats which consists of 26 kacang goats and and 10 peranakan etawah (PE) goats of average slaughter weight at 17 kg. The data were analyzed using Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA), with slaughter weight or left carcass weight as a covariable. The results showed that kacang goat had significantly higher (P<0.01) in slaughter weight, empty body weight, weight and percentage of carcass than PE goat (P<0.01). There were significantly different in the proportion of non carcass components such as head, skin, feet, blood, omental fat, heart, vesica urinaria, kidney and digestive tract. The result indicated that PE goat had significantly higher (P<0.01) in percentage of carcass bone and connective tissue and significantly lower in percentage of carcass fat than kacang goat (20.96% dan 2.8%). Generally, the kacang goat and PE goat slaughtered 17 kg of average body weight had carcass percentages of 41.02% and 34.31% and non carcass percentages of 33.81% dan 32.61%.
Keyword: local goat, carcass, breeds, non carcass

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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