Judul: Tinjauan terhadap Proses-proses Pedogenesis, Pelapukan, dan Perkembangan Tanah Serta Pengklasifikasiannya Pada Suatu Transek Lereng di Perkebunan Teh Ciater, Subang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Pemahaman terhadap proses-proses Pedogenesis, Pelapukan, dan Perkembangan Tanah yang baik tidak terlepas ari pengetahuan mengenai tanah tersebut. Tingkat pelapukan dan perkembangan tanah bisa tidak sejalan, karena dipengaruhi oleh tingkat pelapukan yang berbeda pada tiap lapisan, dan adana proses geogenik yaitu proses erosi permukaan dan deposisi pada lereng.
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Judul: Proses-proses pedogenesis, pelapukan dan klasifikasi tanah pada suatu transek di daerah Lingkung Pasir, Garut
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui proses- proses pedogenesis, pelapukan dan klasifikasi tanah menurut sistem Taksonomi Tanch dalam kaitannya dengan faktor lereng sebagai salah satu faktor pembentuk tanah. Pengamatan sifat morfologi di lapang dan analisa sifat mineralogi, fisik, dan kimia tanah di laboratorium telah di lakukan terhadap empat buah pedon yang masing-masing mewaki li puncak lereng (P1), lereng atas (P2), lereng tengah (P3), dan lereng bawah (P). Susunan mineral keempat pedon yang diamati menunjukkan bahwa bahan induknya adalah batuan volkan basaltik. Sedang kan sebaran mineralnya yang tidak merata dengan kedalaman memperlihatkan bahwa bahan induk keempat pedon tersebut tidak homogen. Diduga terjadi percampuran bahan-bahan dengan bahan-bahan baru yang berasal dari erupsi gunung berapi yang lebih muda. Tingkat pelapukan ditetapkan secara mineralogi, fisik, dan kimia. Jumlah mineral mudah lapuk, ratio mineral hasil pelapukan terhadap mineral mudah lapuk, mineral opak (fraksi berat), ratio debu halus dan liat halus terhadap liat total serta kejenuhan basa menunjukkan urutan tingkat pelapukan dari yang paling intensif adalah pedon P2, P3, P dan P₁. Sedangkan ratio debu terhadap list dan ratio muatan permanen terhadap muatan tergantung pH, reaksi tanah, dan kejenuhan aluminium tidak memberikan gambaran yang jelas tentang urutan tingkat pelapukan.
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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