Judul: Performance Improvement Of Natural Forest Concession Through Institutional Approach
Abstrak: This study is intended to predict the performance of natural production forest concession in Indonesia by using institution impact model under consideration that forest concessions is an economic activity. It is found that the institution of the concessions within the last 25 years has not been able to promote sustainable forest management. It contributes about 2.5% annualy to the degradation of natural production forest, which can be considered as a social cost of the system. The cost is driven by fiee riders in the utilization of the forest that give more profit to concession holders and rent seekers nourished by institution weakness. This indicates the need to integrate kee riders and rent seeker in the contribution system in order to achieve the sustainable forest management.
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Judul: A Modeling approach to Collaborative Forest Management
Abstrak: A successful sustainable development strategy requires that forest management be carried out in a participatory way. This includes the involvement of local communities. The importance of communities’ participation has been written into Indonesian Law No. 41 on Forestry (1999). However, how this law can be implemented in areas already allocated to a concession holder is still unclear. The state-owned company, Inhutani II Sub Unit Malinau, has managed a forest area in Malinau District, East Kalimantan for over 10 years. Forestdependent communities located in the managed area were Long Seturan, Long Loreh and Langap villages. The company managed the area based on plans approved by the local and central] governments. They established permanent sample plots for measuring the stand growth and yield data in their area, and were asked to improve the well-being of local communities. However, the schemes did not give the company sufficient space to manage the area creatively, or provide a systematic way to involve the communities in the management of the forest. This research was aimed at seeking scenarios of sustainable forest management (SFM) that addressed the above limitations. To reach this aim, two research hypotheses were proposed: 1. Local forest stakeholders can define their own SFM Criteria and Indicators (C&I) for specific sites where they live, or that concern them; 2. Collaborative management of forests by all relevant stakeholders will achieve better forest management outcomes. An artificial society of primary forest actors was built using a multi-agent system approach, used for developing scenarios to increase the sustainability of forest management. Indicators of forest cover and standing stock, communities’ incomes, company revenue and taxes paid to local and central governments measured the sustainability. The research results showed that local communities that lived in the area of Inhutani II were able to define C&I of SFM. The local C&I are not different from the generic or scientific C&I of SFM. However, these C&I are formulated with different structures and argumentations. The developed knowledge-based system found a way to harmonize this knowledge. Collaboration between concessionaires and the communities appeared to be the most suitable alternative for SFM - particularly for improving communities’ incomes without decreasing the quality of the forest. An appropriate decentralization policy is a condition for implementing collaborative forest management.
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Judul: Leukemia pada kucing
Abstrak: Leukemia pada kucing adalah suatu penyakit yang sangat patogen, disebabkan oleh sejenis virus. Virus ini dikenal sebagai Feline Leukemia Virus atau FeLV. FeLV ini oleh beberapa ahli dikatakan hanya bersifat ganas pada hewan kucing. Penularannya bisa secara horizontal maupun congenital. Kucing pada semua tingkat umur dapat terserang oleh FeLV ini. Khusus pada bentuk "thymic leukemia", virus ini hanya menyerang anak-anak kucing berumur diba- wah 1 tahun. Kucing-kucing liar atau yang tidak terpeli- hara jarang sekali terinfeksi FeLV. Selain dari serangan virus FeLV itu sendiri, maka penyakit leukemia ini bisa disebabkan oleh beberapa fak- tor yang sudah ada dalam tubuh hewan dan sangat menunjang perkembangan penyakit ini, yaitu antara lain tumor, agen toksik, cedera oleh kecelakaan dan gangguan hemopoiesis. FeLV menyerang sel-sel darah dalam tubuh hewan se- hingga pembentukan darah berjalan tidak normal. Terlihat sel-sel darah yang belum dewasa sudah beredar dalam sir- kulasi darah. Bentuk dan jumlahnya tidak lagi seimbang dalam tubuh hewan kucing tersebut. Gejala klinis antara lain kekurusan, ikterus, anemia, lemah, anoreksia, dyspnoe, sulit menelan, batuk, dan membran mukosa pucat. Selain itu kelenjar pertahanan tubuh juga membengkak, kemudian terjadi hepatomegali, spleenomegali dan pembengkakan pada ginjal. Terbentuk massa tumor pada beberapa tempat. Secara biopsy pada sumsum tulang akan terlihat be- berapa perubahan. Sumsum tulang berwarna merah tua atau abu-abu. Konsistensinya lunak dan terdapat banyak sekali memproduksi sel darah putih. Melalui gambaran darah leukemia ini lebih mudah didiagnosa. Jumlah retikulosit rendah sekali. PCV 8-15%, hemoglobin menurun, sel darah putih (WBC) meningkat, lim- fosit meningkat, Alfaglobulin juga ada peningkatan, dan banyak eosinofil yang belum dewasa beredar dalam darah…dst
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