Judul: Emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds and Chips  in Acetylated Pine Wood Cutting Using High-Speed Steel Helix
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu mengetahui pengaruh sudut heliks pisau terhadap emisi dan karakteristik chip yang dihasilkan selama pemotongan kayu pinus terasetilasi. Proses pemotongan kayu menggunakan mesin Computer Numerical Control (CNC) dengan berbagai sudut heliks (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°), laju pengumpanan (500, 1000, 1500, dan 2000 mm/mnt), dan laju putaran bilah (10000 dan 20000 rpm) dengan proses pengerjaan down-milling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa keausan mata pisau paling tinggi pada sudut heliks 0° dan paling rendah pada sudut heliks 75°. Hasil tingkat kebisingan menunjukkan bahwa laju pengumpanan dan putaran bilah yang tinggi menghasilkan kebisingan yang tinggi, sedangkan sudut mata heliks yang tinggi menghasilkan kebisingan yang rendah. Hasil kadar Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) yang didapatkan bahwa semakin besar sudut heliks dan laju putaran bilah maka kadar VOCs semakin tinggi, sedangkan laju pengumpanan yang tinggi menghasilkan kadar VOCs yang rendah. Tingkat dominasi tipe chip granule memiliki hubungan yang berbanding lurus dengan kadar VOCs yang dihasilkan. Laju pengumpanan yang rendah, laju putaran bilah yang tinggi, dan sudut heliks yang tinggi menghasilkan aliran chip yang rapih.
Keyword: CNC milling, cutting emissions, helix angle, noise, VOCs

Judul: Karakteristik Chip dan Tingkat Emisi Pemotongan Medium Density Fiberboard Menggunakan Berbagai Helix Pisau High Speed Steel.
Abstrak: Pengerjaan kayu menghasilkan emisi dan serpihan chip yang berbahaya. Pemilihan pisau penting untuk mengontrol emisi dan serpihan chip yang berlebihan. Emisi dan serpihan chip saat pemotongan berpengaruh terhadap kesehatan pekerja dan hasil pemotongan. Penelitian ini bertujuan melihat pengaruh sudut helix terhadap emisi dan karakteristik chip yang dihasilkan pada MDF. Kayu dipotong menggunakan mesin CNC dan pisau dengan helix (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°), laju pengumpanan (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mm min-1) dan kecepatan pemutaran pisau (10.000, 20.000 rpm). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan semakin besar helix, kecepatan pisau dan laju pengumpanan rendah, kadar VOCs yang dihasilkan semakin tinggi. Uji kebisingan menunjukkan helix rendah, laju pengumpanan tinggi serta kecepatan pemutaran pisau tinggi menghasilkan kebisingan yang tinggi. Helix dan kecepatan pemutaran pisau yang rendah menghasilkan sudut aliran chip yang rendah, sedangkan laju pengumpanan tinggi membuat aliran chip menyebar. Pengujian formasi chip menunjukkan bahwa helix tinggi menghasilkan banyak flow chip dan helix rendah menghasilkan granule. Penggunaan helix, kecepatan pemutaran tinggi dan laju pengumpanan yang rendah menghasilkan berat total chip yang besar. Keausan mata pisau paling tinggi terjadi pada helix 0°., Working with wood produces harmful emissions and chips distribution. Cutting selection is important to control the emissions and excessive chip distribution. Emissions and chips during cutting affect worker health and cutting results. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the helix angle on the emission and chip characteristics produced during MDF milling. MDF was cut using a CNC machine and helical router bit (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75°), feed rate (500, 1000, 1500, 2000 mm min-1) and spindle rotation speed (10,000, 20,000 rpm). The results showed that the larger the helix, the lower the blade speed and the feed rate, the higher the VOCs content produced. The noise test showed that low helix, high feed rate and high spindle rotation speed resulted in higher noise. Lower helix angle and spindle rotation speed resulted in a low chip flow angle, whereas high feed speed made the chip flow spread out. Testing on chip formation showed that high helix angle tended to produce flow-chips and the lower helix angle produced granules. The use high helix angle, high spindle speed and lower feed speed produced higher weight of the chips. The highest cutting edge wear of the router bit occurred at helix 0°.
Keyword: CNC router, noise, router bits, helix angle, VOCs

Judul: Amfibi sebagai satwa peliharaan: Ekspor, Impor dan Perdagangan Domestik
Abstrak: Indonesia has exported amphibian as frozen frog legs (listed since 1969 under fishery product) for consumption and live amphibian (listed since 1983 under reptilian class in forestry product) for pets. There are also live amphibian trading in local level i.e in markets and malls. This research aims to identify amphibian species exported and imported by investigating document from related administration and to identify amphibian species traded in domestic market by observation at Jakarta. Research is primarily conducted by processing quota data taken from Department of Forestry Republic of Indonesia database in Jakarta. Market observation was carried out in 18 locations (3 markets and 15 malls) in Jakarta. I carried out interview with trader and export business, which related to net trading live amphibians for pets. Respondent was choosen using snowball sampling manner. Name of species is written according to Iskandar & Coljin (2000). If there is no such record in the checklist (for example species are from outside Indonesia), then the species name is written according to Frost (2004). There are 56 species from eight families of wild amphibians that have pets quota between 1998-2008. Nineteen species was traded since 1983. The highest export quota is Litoria caerulea (21,37%). Allocation of highest catching quota is for BKSDA Jayapura (20,40%) and BKSDA Papua Barat (18,96%). Four species are included in IUCN Red List categories as vulnerable, among others are Limnonectes macrodon, Meristogenys jerboa, Nyctixalus margaritifer and Rhacophorus margaritifer. The number of amphibians that have export realization are 39 species. Two species of amphibian, Leptobrachium hasseltii and Rhacophorus margaritifer are amphibian species whose been known infected by chytrid fungus in the wild. The biggest species exported is Litoria caerulea (54,34%). Between 1983-1991, the biggest import amphibian for pets from Indonesia (66,13%) is Netherlands. Number of quota was relative stable in the last eight years, where as the number of export realization is more fluctuates. Amphibian species imported and re-exported between 1983-2008 come from Africa, South Asia, Malaysian, Archipelago Oceania, North America, Central America and South America. The number of pet amphibian species traded at domestic market is less than exported. Data showed that Indonesia imports 15 amphibian species between 1983-2008, However I found different species in the market that was unrecorded in the Ministry of Forestry data, which is the Fire Belly Salamander.
Keyword: