Judul: analisis konvensional, analisis multivariat, debu jatuh, TSP, udara ambien.
Abstrak: Debu jatuh dan total suspended particulate (TSP) adalah dua parameter penting penentu kualitas udara ambien. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan bentuk persamaan dan memilih metode terbaik untuk menentukan faktor emisi debu jatuh dan TSP dengan menggunakan metode analisis multivariat dan konvensional. Metode analisis terbaik dipilih berdasarkan empat kriteria yakni kesederhanaan bentuk persamaan, kemudahan proses penyusunan persamaan, nilai persen error, dan akurasi. Berdasarkan analisis yang telah dilakukan, dapat diketahui bahwa bentuk persamaan dari metode analisis multivariat sederhana dan proses penyusunan persamaannya mudah dibandingkan dengan analisis konvensional. Namun, nilai persen error dari analisis konvensional lebih rendah dan persamaannya lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan analisis multivariat. Dengan metode analisis konvensional diperoleh nilai persen error terkecil sebesar 4.9% untuk jenis tanah andosol. Dikarenakan peran nilai persen error dan akurasi lebih penting, maka disimpulkan bahwa metode analisis konvensional merupakan metode analisis terbaik untuk menentukan faktor emisi debu jatuh dan TSP dalam udara ambien.
Keyword: analisis konvensional, analisis multivariat, debu jatuh, TSP, udara ambien

Judul: Pendugaan Bangkitan Konsentrasi Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) di Udara Ambien dari Permukaan Tanah
Abstrak: Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) adalah partikel dengan diameter kurang dari 100 μm. TSP termasuk parameter kualitas udara yang wajib diukur sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah No. 41 Tahun 1999 tentang Pengendalian Pencemaran Udara. TSP dalam jumlah tertentu yang relatif rendah tidak menimbulkan efek negatif, namun jika keberadaannya dalam udara ambien melebihi baku mutu akan menimbulkan efek negatif yang serius, beragam dan merugikan, baik dari aspek kesehatan, ekonomi maupun dari aspek lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengukur bangkitan konsentrasi Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) pada variasi kecepatan angin, kadar air tanah, dan persentase tutupan lahan; (2) Menganalisis korelasi antara bangkitan konsentrasi Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) dan kecepatan angin, kadar air tanah, dan persentase tutupan lahan; (3) Melakukan kompilasi data hasil pengukuran bangkitan konsentrasi Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) yang berasal dari dokumen publik; (4) Membuat model pendugaan bangkitan konsentrasi Total Suspended Particulate (TSP) berdasarkan kecepatan angin dan kadar air tanah. Penelitian dilakukan di tunnel Departemen Teknik Sipil dan Lingkungan, IPB dengan ukuran panjang 7.6 m, lebar 0.76 m, dan tinggi 2.4 m. Pengukuran bangkitan konsentrasi TSP dilakukan dengan metode gravimetrik (SNI19-7119.3- 2005). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa bangkitan konsentrasi TSP berkorelasi positif dengan kecepatan angin dan berkorelasi negatif dengan kadar air tanah dan persentase tutupan lahan. Pengaruh kecepatan angin terhadap bangkitan konsentrasi TSP pada tanah Ultisol 86.2%, Andisol 46.1%, Inceptisol 45.8%, Entisol 48.4%, dan Vertisol 47.1%. Pengaruh kadar air tanah terhadap bangkitan konsentrasi TSP pada tanah Ultisol 64.8%, Andisol 71.5%, Inceptisol 45.4%, Entisol 47.1%, dan Vertisol 57.8%. Pengaruh persentase tutupan lahan terhadap bangkitan konsentrasi TSP pada tanah Ultisol 84.4%, Andisol 92.9%, Inceptisol 87.8%, Entisol 79.0%, dan Vertisol 91.6%. Hasil kompilasi data dokumen publik menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pengaruh kecepatan angin terhadap bangkitan konsentrasi TSP pada tanah Ultisol 42.0%, Andisol 10.0%, Inceptisol 19.0%, Entisol 83.0%, dan Vertisol 83.7%; (2) Pengaruh kadar air tanah terhadap bangkitan konsentrasi TSP pada tanah Ultisol 63.1%, Inceptisol 94.9%, Entisol 56.1%, dan Vertisol 97.0%. Pemodelan pendugaan bangkitan konsentrasi TSP menunjukkan nilai akurasi pada tanah Ultisol 0.97, Andisol 0.96, Inceptisol 0.40, Entisol 0.20, dan Vertisol 0.48.
Keyword: Andisol, Entisol, Inceptisol, Total Suspended Particulate, Ultisol, Vertisol

Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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