Judul: Karakteristik Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Mangga Cengkir (Mangifera indica L.) pada Berbagai Ketebalan dan Konsentrasi Larutan Gula
Abstrak: Osmotic dehydration is one of the alternative methods commonly applied on pre-drying fruits like mango. The objectives of this study were to obtain effect of sugar concentration and thickness of mango slice on changes of osmotic dehydration characteristic and physical properties changes of mango slice in osmotic dehydration using temperature 30ºC, and in osmotic dehydration at room temperature for 48 hours. Thickness of mango slice that used were 0.5 cm, 1 cm, and 1.5 cm, while concentration of osmotic solution were 30ºBx, 45°Bx and 60°Bx. Observations were carried out for 6 hours at 30ºC and 48 hours at room temperature. High concentration of osmotic solution increased WL, but high solid gain trend in medium concentration of osmotic solution (45ºBx) was found. Increasing of concentration osmotic solution increased shrinkage, WR, density and porosity. Decreasing of thickness mango slice increased value of WL, WR and shrinkage. While the thickness of mango slice didn’t affect SG value, density and porosity of sampel increased during the process or osmotic dehydration. The best sample was thickness 0.5 cm using 60ºBx osmotic solution. It has lower water content, high value of WL, and lower SG value. Azuara modeling can be used as data validation WL obtained of R2 values 0.954 to 0.993.
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Judul: Rekonsentrasi Larutan Gula pada Proses Dehidrasi Osmotik Irisan Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) dengan Teknik Distilasi
Abstrak: Osmotic dehydration (OD) involves the immersion of fruits in concentrated sugar solutions, where both partial dehydration of the tissue and solid uptake take place. During the dehydration process, the concentration of sugar solution will decrease because the water loss of fruits. Direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) with ultrafiltration membrane PP (polypropylene) was used to reconcentrated sugar solution on the osmotic dehydration of mango (Indramayu variety). Variables used were the concentration of solution at 30, 35, 40 oBx and cold temperatures permeate membrane at 5, 10, 15 OC for 480 minutes with the membrane feed temperature at 50 OC. The results showed that the concentration of sugar solution increased the rate of water loss, solids gain, mass and volume shrinkage. Temperature differences between feed and permeate also lead to increased flux membranes. Flux membrane and water loss in mango were measurement of determine the optimal ratio of product : sugar solution on the osmotic dehydration (w/w). Permeate flux obtained in this study was 0.051-0136 l/m2h. Osmotic dehydration with initial concentration 40 oBx will decrease to 35.6 oBx, while reconcentration using DCMD show the concentration 38.8 oBx. The concentration degree (CD) of membrane DCMD was 96.5%, indicating the effective of the process sugar solution reconcentration.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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