Judul: Aspek klinis dan patologi klinis Dirofilaria Immitis pada anjing, suatu tinjauan pustaka
Abstrak: Dirofilariasis merupakan penyakit parasiter yang disebabkan oleh cacing Dirofilaria immitis atau Heart worm. Cacing ini termasuk kelas Nematoda, familia Filariidae, dan genus Dirofilaria (Soulsby, 1965). D. immi- tis menyerang anjing, kucing, srigala dan rubah di. Eropa bagian selatan, India, Cina, Jepang, Australia, Amerika Utara dan Amerika Selatan (Georgi, 1980). Secara umum cacing ini tersebar di daerah tropis, subtropis serta di beberapa daerah beriklim sedang. Di Indonesia cacing ini juga sering ditemukan (Adiwinata, 1955). D. immitis dewasa hidup di dalam arteria pulmonalis dan ventrikel kanan jantung, tetapi pernah ditemukan juga dalam bronchiole, otak, mata, kista interdigital dan vena cava posterior (Jackson, et al., 1962). Dibbel et al. (1951) pernah melaporkan adanya D. immitis betina di dalam ruang perut anjing Dalmatian yang telah dimandulkan. ...
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Judul: Aspek Terapi Diropilaria Immitis Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Dirofilaria immitis adalah merupakan parasit yang ditularkan melalui vektor penghisap darah, dalam berbagai literatur lebih dikenal sebagai Heartworm. Cacing ini menyerang anjing terutama didaerah tropis dan subtropis serta bersifat kosmopolitan. Secara alamiah cacing ini dapat ditularkan kepada anjing, kucing, rubah dan serigala. Menurut Leidy (1856), infeksi banyak terjadi terutama di daerah selatan benua Eropa, India, Jepang, Cina, Austra lia, Amerika utara dan Amerika selatan. Menurut Hungerford (1966), infeksi juga terjadi didaerah Queensland dan New- South Wales. Di Indonesia ada laporan sebelumnya bahwa ca cing ini menginfeksi anjing-anjing di jawa, Sumatra, Kali- mantan dan Palembang. Sedang menurut laporan dari hasil be dah bangkai, yang dilakukan oleh bagian Pathology FKH-IPB, selama periode 1983-1985, ditemukan adanya 5 kasus Dirofila ria immitis pada anjing. Anjing merupakan induk semang utama cacing jantung, akan tetapi jenis anjing yang banyak diserang adalah jenis anjing pacu dan pemburu, (Mallack et al, 1971). Pada tahun 1965 Beaver dan Orihel, menemukan adanya 11 kasus Dirofilaria immitis pada manusia di Amerika serikat, sedang frekwensi kejadian Dirofilariasis pada manusia, banyak terjadi di Amerika selatan.
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm