Judul: Biodegradasi dispersan tumpahan minyak dengan metode DOC Die-Away dan metode botol tertutup
Abstrak: Oil spill dispersant (OSD) is a mixture of surfactant and solvent designed to break the oil layer into small granules to facilitate its dispersion in natural water. In general, OSD is toxic and naturally non-degradable because it contained aromatic compounds. There are 4 criteria of OSD which should be fulfilled, low toxic toward mammals and water environment, biodegradable, and bioaccumulation. Biodegradability is an important requirement for OSD. Analysis of OSD biodegradation was carried out using DOC die-away and closed bottle method as a reference. The selection of this method was based on the aim for covering the lack of closed bottle method that had high failure factor because of zero dissolved oxygen (DO). Meanwhile, DO in DOC die-away method can be kept by aeration during incubation time. In this work, the degradation percentages of OSD using DOC die-away method were 82.10, 72.00, and 81.38% for 10, 20, and 30 ppm, respectively, over a 28-day period, whereas using closed bottle method were 83.13 and 80.52% for 1 and 2 ppm, respectively. This comparison showed that OSD is easier decomposed by DOC die-away method.
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Judul: Formulasi Oil Spill Dispersant (OSD) dengan Bahan Baku Surfaktan Metil Ester Sulfonat (MES) dan Dietanolamida (DEA).
Abstrak: Environmental pollution which caused by the oil spill can be dealt with the physical, chemical and biological treatments. Physically treatment was done by isolate the petroleum quickly before spread to the environment. Meanwhile, chemical treatment was relatively short to manage oil spill, but this treatment had disadvantage cause by application of chemicals which less environmental friendly. Of the chemical treatments is oil dispersion by using oil spill dispersant (OSD). OSD is a product with composition of some chemicals and surfactants that aims to disperse the waste oil to be degraded in the environment. Based on previous research, the modern OSD composition consisted of nonionic and anionic surfactants, so dietanolamide (DEA) as nonionic surfactant and methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) as anionic surfactant were used in this research. This research aims to produce formulated surfactant as an oil spill dispersant (OSD) which consists of DEA, MES and solvent and then tested on a simulation of marine pollution. The research was divided into three steps: the first step was synthesis of MES and DEA as raw material of OSD formulation, the second step was formulation process of OSD by mixing the two raw materials at variation of concentration and volume ratio. This step aims to find the best formulated OSD. The third step was a testing the performance of the best formulated OSD by oil spill simulation. In the first step, the raw material of DEA and MES were produced at an optimum conditions of previous studies. In the second step, characterization of OSD product by analyzing of emulsion stability, density, surface tension, viscosity and pH. Some of these parameters were used to determine the best formulation of OSD. The best formulation of OSD was conducted in performance test in simulated oil spill using 10ml crude oil in 1 L sea water media and then it to be dispersion. The dispersion oil in sea water were analyzed to chemical oxygen demand (COD), biological oxygen demand (BOD), total petroleum hydrocarbons (TPH), density, and pH. The formulation of OSD was made by mixing two surfactant solutions including DEA solution with concentration of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 % and MES solution of 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 10, 15 %. Both of surfactant solution were mixed with volume ratio of 1: 3, 1: 1 and 3: 1 at temperature of 50C for 60 min. The result showed that the best formulated OSD was at mixing of 3% DEA and 5% MES solutions with volume ratio of 1 : 3. The OSD product showed excellent stability (> 80%) with a good properties including density of 0.90 g/cm3, the surface tension of 25.59 mN/m, pH 9.1, and a viscosity of 131 cP. The performance test of OSD carried out by simulation of oil spill in sea water with application of ratio of volume OSD to volume oil spill. Addition of OSD was expected could increase to the dispersion of oil in sea water. The performance test of OSD showed that 2 mL OSD in 10 mL simulated oil spill (ration 0.2) capable to dispersing of oil at 85.75 %,
Keyword: DEA, MES, OSD, oil spill, surfactant

Judul: Warna bulu kucing ras persia: variasi pola warna dan pewarisannya
Abstrak: Kucing Persia mempakan kucing rasyang paling urnum dijumpai di Indonesia. Kucing Persia memiliki bulu yang panjang dengan variasi wama bulu yang sangat beragam. Perkawinan yang lebih terarah sangat perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas genetik warna dan pola wama bulu kucing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk rnempelajari variasi warna dan pola wama bulu kucing Persia yang terdapat di Indonesia, yang dilakukan di kantor pusat Cat Fancy Indonesia mulai bulan Oktober 2000 sampai Januari 2001. Data yang digunakan rnempakan data pedigree kucing Persia yang tercatat di Cat Fancy Indonesia dari tahun 1997 sampai Oktober 2001 yang terdiri dari 187 jantan dan 258 betina, selain itu juga dilakukan pengamatan langsung kepada tiga penyayang dan breeder kucing yang ada di Bandung.
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