Judul: Determination of Chilling Injury Symptoms in Starfruit (Averrhoa carambola L.) Using Near Infrared Spectroscopy
Abstrak: Cold storage is an effective method to extend the self life and assuring quality product of horticulture such us starfruit. However, cold storage may cause chilling injury that will be lead to deterioration of product quality. Method for determination of chilling injury symptoms in starfruit has been developed using NIR absorbance spectra and two models of multivarians analysis i.e. Partial Least Squares (PLS) and Artificial Neural Network (ANN). PLS and ANN models were built from 63 pH values extracted from starfruit stored at 5oC (chilling temperature) for 30 days. PLS model resulted r, RMSEC, RMSEP and cv were 0.6115, 0.1456, 0.1632 and 4.43%, while ANN model were 0.5207, 0.1589, 0.1911, 5.24% respectively. PLS showed better results than that of ANN. PLS, then was used to predict the pH value from absorbance NIR spectra of 10 monitoring starfruit, which was stored at 5oC for 30 days. Results of pH prediction were used to determine the slope of ion leakage by equation Y = 0.0406x - 0.037 (where y is predictive of IL and x is pH value). The results showed that the highest of slope IL occured at days 6, the same result as obtained through destructive method at days 6, the result demonstrates that chilling injury may be determined using NIR absorbance spectra and PLS model.
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Judul: Deteksi Chilling Injury pada Buah Mangga Gedong Gincu dengan Menggunakan Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS)
Abstrak: Low temperature storage is a common method to extend postharvest life of fruits. However, for sensitive fruits such as mango low temperature storage may cause chilling injury. Chilling injury is one of serious problem for mango stored under low temperature. The symptoms of chilling injury during storage associated with the change in pH due to ion leakage. Chilling injury can be detected during storage destructively, but it will require time and a lot of samples. Alternatively, the detection can be performed non-destructively by using near infrared (NIRSpectroscopy). The purpose of this research is to build the NIR calibration models for predicting ion leakage relating to change in pH and the detection of chilling injury symptoms can be done through ion leakage existence. Reflectant NIR measurements conducted on mango fruit stored at a temperature of 8 °C and 13 °C. Determination of chilling injury symptoms was predicted based on change in pH and the rate of ion leakage forming. The analysis showed that NIR spectroscopy was able to predict the change in pH during storage of mango fruit at a temperature of 8 °C based on reflectance and PLS method. Moreover ion leakage could also be predicted properly through the pH of the NIR predictions. The developed method could detect the chilling injury on mangoes after three days storage at a temperature of 8 °C.
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Judul: Peranan Pemimpin Informal dalam Menggerakan Partisipasi Masyarakat  untuk Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Pendekatan pembangunan yang banyak diterima para ahli adalah pendekatan dari bawah ke atas (bottom up) yang berarti bahwa dalam pembangunan diperlukan keikutsertaan rakyat. Keikutsertaan tidak hanya pada tahap merencanakan pembangunan, akan tetapi juga ikut dalam melaksanakan, bahkan sampai pada menilai hasil-hasil pembangunan (Cohen dan Uphoe 1977; Dusseldorp, 1981; Slamet, 1993). Agar rakyat yang berhimpun dalam kelompok-kelompok dapat ikut serta, mereka harus memiliki sejumlah kualifikasi yang diperlukan untuk itu.
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