Judul: Identification of polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Gene and its Receptor and their Association with Partial Cumulative Milk Yield in Holstein Friesian Cattle in West Java Production Center
Abstrak: Growth hormone gene has a critical role in the regulation of lactation, mammary gland development and growth process through its interaction with its specific receptor. Growth Hormone (GH) and Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) genes have been suggested as candidate genes for traits related to milk production. The purpose of this study was to identify genetic polymorphism of the Growth Hormone (GH) and the Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR) genes, and the association of their genetic variants with milk yield in Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle. A total of 370 HF cattle from six populations of Institute for breeding of dairy cattle Cikole station (88 samples), Pasir Kemis (96 samples), Cilumber (98 samples), Lembang Artificial Insemination Center (LAIC) (17 samples), Livestock Embryo Transfer Center (40 samples) and Singosari Artificial Insemination Center (SAIC) (32 samples) were genotyped by the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) methods. Genotyping the GH gene with Alu1 restriction enzyme to all DNA samples produced two variant genotypes, i.e LL (89 %) and LV (11%) genotypes. The frequency of L allele was 94 % and V allele was 6%. Genotyping of GHR gene with Alu1 restriction enzymes produced three genotypes and two alleles. The frequencies of AA, AG, and GG genotypes were 58 %, 34%, and 8% respectively. The frequency of A allele was 75% and G allel was 25%. There was no association between GH and GHR polymorphism with milk production.
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Hormon Pertumbuhan (GH|MspI) Pada Sapi Friesian Holstein Di Bib Lembang, BBIB Singosari, Dan BET Cipelang
Abstrak: Growth hormone (GH) is an anabolic hormone synthesized and secreted by somatotroph cells from the anterior lobe of the pituitary. The GH plays an important role in postnatal growth and development, tissue growth, lactation, reproduction, and metabolism. This study was aimed to identify polymorphism of the growth hormone gene (GH) in dairy cattle and beef cattle as a comparison. Holstein Friesian (HF) cattle for a total number of 89 heads from BIB Lembang (17), BBIB Singosari (32) and BET Cipelang (40); and four breeds of beef cattle for a total number of 37 heads from BET Cipelang were genotyped at intron 3 of the GH gene using PCR-RFLP method by MspI restriction enzyme. Genotyping the GH gene resulted in three genotypes, namely GH|MspI (+/+), (+/-), and (-/-), with two alleles, namely GH|MspI (+) and (-). Genetic polymorphism was detected in HF cattle and beef cattle, the exception was for Simental and Angus. The frequency of the GH|MspI (+) allele contrast to the GH|MspI (-) allele for HF cattle were 0.826 vs 0.174. GH|MspI (+/+) genotype had the highest frequency for HF (0,826), Simental, and Angus (1,000); but very limited for Limousin and Brahman (0,144 and 0,000). Chi-Square analysis showed that HF from the three locations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (χ2 < χ2 (0,05)), but contrast on beef cattle (χ2 > χ2 (0,05)). The value of heterozigosity expectation (He) for HF and beef cattles were estimated between 0.000-0.800. The genetic variation of the GH|MspI gene was low in most of these cattles, the exception was for Brahman.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4