Judul: Conservation-based oil palm cultivation
Abstrak: The development of oil palm plantations has given a number of consequences on the great demand in land; however, in practice, there are a lot of accusations that land utilized comes from the conversion of forest areas, and this is suspected to be the cause of the loss of biodiversity of tropical rain forest ecosystems, cause of disruption of wildlife (flora and fauna), habitat fragmentation, and extinction of a large number of species, especially endangered species. The research was conducted in three (3) units of oil palm plantations located in Central Kalimantan Province in order to (1) determine the use and land cover change, (2) assume the plant species of wildlife suspected to be lost (biodiversity loss) and thought to be increased (biodiversity gain) as consequences of changes in land cover due to oil palm plantations (3) demonstrate the calculation of the financial analysis of oil palm cultivation carried out on various types of land cover and different peat depths, and perform analysis by taking biodiversity loss and gain biodiversity into account, and (4) formulate alternative models and describe the profile of conservation-based oil palm cultivation. Conservation-based oil palm cultivation in this research was defined as an activity with no biodiversity loss; in other words, the hypothesis indicated that biodiversity loss (bio-loss) was equal to zero. Based on the Provincial Spatial Plan of Central Kalimantan Province Year 2003 (Local Law Number 8 Year 2003), it is stated that the status of the land before it is opened for oil palm plantation is not a forest, but is located in the cultivation area/or in an area for other uses (APL). The result of analysis of land use prior to the opening of oil palm plantation showed that land for palm oil development was not entirely derived from wooded land cover (tuplah), but also from the areas of shrubs, mixed farming land/communal farms, and open land. Oil palm land developed came from the former concession, former estates of other companies, including land owned by the community through the process of compensation. Land cover based on the interpretation of land satellite images before land opening for oil palm plantations showed no identification of primary forests but only secondary forests, shrubs, mixed farming land and vacant land. The forested area that is still present in the plantation has retained its initial conditions and is designated as a conservation area in the forms of a riparian area and peaty forest area. Identification and analysis of the diversity potential of plants and wildlife in the forested areas (primary and secondary forests) and in shrubs were performed to determine the suspected missing species (biodiversity loss). The result showed that the density of vegetation in the conservation area inside the plantations was less than that in the primary and secondary forests, and the stand volume in the conservation area in the plantations had less potential than that in the primary and secondary forests. The abundance of Shannon species (Shannon H' Index) showed the species in the primary forest were still more abundant than those in the forested areas in the
Keyword: Oil palm plantations, changes in land cover, biodiversity loss and financial feasibility analysis.

Judul: Estimation of the Impact of Oil Palm Plantations on  Bird and Butterfly Communities in PT TPR and PT RAJ
Abstrak: Sejak 25 tahun terakhir telah terjadi peningkatan luasan perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia hingga 3 kali lipat. Hal tersebut menyebabkan semakin meningkatkan tudingan dan isu bahwa perkebunan kelapa sawit dapat menyebabkan berbagai kerugian dalam hal lingkungan. Padahal pembangunan lahan perkebunan kelapa sawit tidak selalu dilakukan di atas lahan hutan primer, melainkan umumnya lahan perkebunan dibangun di luar kawasan hutan, sehingga tidak hanya menimbulkan kehilangan jenis satwanamun diduga kuat juga menimbulkan peningkatan jumlah jenis satwa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menduga dampak perubahan tutupan lahan dari semak belukar menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit terhadap jumlah jenis dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung dan kupu-kupu, menduga besaran kehilangan atau perolehan jenis burung dan kupu-kupu akibat perkebunan kelapa sawit, dan menganalisis kemungkinan adanya kohabitasi dan tumpang-tindih relung antara burung dan kupu-kupu di perkebunan kelapa sawit. Penelitian dilakukan di dua PSB (Perkebunan Sawit Besar) yaitu PT Tempirai Palm Resources (PT TPR) dan PT Rambang Agro Jaya (PT RAJ). Pengamatan dilakukan sebanyak 3 kali pengulangan pada masing-masing jalur pengamatan (area baseline) semak belukar dan area yang ditanami kelapa sawit). Pengamatan burung dilakukan pada pagi (06.00-08.00) dan sore (16.00-18.00) menggunakan metode titik hitung. Sementara pengamatan kupu-kupu dilakukan pada pagi (09.00-12.00) menggunakan metode Pollard Transect. Analisis data dilakukan dengan membandingkan jumlah jenis, indeks keanekaragaman jenis serta komposisi jenis guna mengidentifikasi dampak dari perkebunan kelapa sawit. Selanjutnya analisis kohabitasi dilakukan dengan menghitung tingkat derajat asosiasi serta tumpang tindih relung yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan tutupan lahan dari semak belukar menjadi perkebunan kelapa sawit menyebabkan adanya perubahan pada jumlah jenis dan keanekaragaman jenis burung dan kupu-kupu baik di areal perkebunan PT RAJ maupun PT TPR. Jumlah jenis burung dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis burung cenderung lebih tinggi di areal perkebunan sawit (PT RAJ = 28 jenis, PT TPR = 20 jenis) dibanding di area baseline (PT RAJ = 27 jenis; H’ = 2,78; Dmg = 5,86; dan PT TPR = 22 jenis; H’=2,51; Dmg=4,86), begitu juga dengan jumlah jenis dan indeks keanekaragaman jenis kupu-kupu antara areal perkebunan (PT RAJ = 5 jenis; H’ = 1,56; Dmg = 2,23; dan PT TPR = 5 jenis; H’ = 1,56; Dmg = 2,23) dibanding area baseline (PT RAJ dan PT TPR = 0 jenis). Perubahan tutupan lahan dari semak belukar (baseline) menjadi perkebunan sawit berdampak positif pada jenis burung sebesar 51,85-59,09% dibandingkan dengan kehilangan jenis hanya sebesar 36,36-51,85%, sedangkan untuk jenis kupu-kupu terdapat perolehan jenis sebesar 400-500%, sedangkan tidak ada (0%) kehilangan jenis. Ditemukan adanya kohabituasi antara burung dan kupu-kupu berdasarkan kesamaan penggunaan ruang dan pemanfaatan pakan. Tingkat tumpang tindih relung ekologi antara burung dan kupu-kupu berkisar 1,85-18,52%., In the last 25 years, there has been a 3-fold increase in the area of oil palm plantations in Indonesia. This has led to increasing accusations and issues that oil palm plantations can cause various environmental losses. Whereas oil palm plantation development is not always carried out on primary forest land, but generally plantation land is established on abandoned land outside forest area, so that not only causes loss of species but is strongly suspected of increasing species of wildlife. The purpose of this study was to
Keyword: biodiversity gain, biodiversity loss, cohabitation, impact, oil palm

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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