Judul: Pengembangan Sistem Penerjemah Kata dan Frasa Bahasa Inggris Menjadi Bahasa Indonesia dengan Model Peluang Bersyarat Bayes
Abstrak: Sistem penerjemah dapat dikembangkan dengan beberapa pendekatan di antaranya, rule-based, dictionary-based, statistical, example-based, dan hybrid. Penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem penerjemah Bahasa Inggris – Bahasa Indonesia menggunakan metode korpus paralel dengan pendekatan statistik. Pendekatan statistik yang digunakan adalah phrase-based model dengan peluang bersyarat Bayes. Model peluang bersyarat Bayes digunakan untuk mengetahui peluang kemunculan bersyarat dari query dua kata. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Statistical Machine Translation dengan pendekatan phrase-based dapat diterapkan untuk pembangkitan kamus Bahasa Inggris ke Bahasa Indonesia. Hasil Mean Average Precision (MAP) untuk query satu kata adalah 0.787, sedangkan hasil MAP untuk query berupa frasa adalah 0.900. Hal ini terjadi karena pembobotan yang dilakukan hanya menggunakan frekuensi kemunculan kata.
Keyword: Bayes conditional probabilitistic model, mean average precision, parallel corpus, statistical machine translation, translator system.

Judul: Pengembangan sistem koreksi frasa bahasa indonesia berbasis konteks
Abstrak: This research proposes a new method, phrase pair together with opportunity value to give a proposed word as a correction result. Conditional probability formula is used to determine the value of opportunities of each phrase pair. Formation of phrase in this study is determined among words that are in a sentence and considered to have similar contexts. The corpus used consist of 2000 documents originating from the Laboratory of Information Retrieval, Department Computer Science, Bogor Agricultural University. Processing of document produces 90,077 pairs of phrases together with the opportunity values. Testing of this correction system uses two types of queries (common query and specific query) and two type of errors (context error and Damerau error). The context based correction system is appropriate to implement on the type of specific query. Accuracy values produced by system are 60% on spesific query and 56.67% on spesific query with context error and Damerau error. Restriction of system by giving 10 proposed words causing there is a correct proposed word but which is not included in 10 proposed words. The solution is by increasing the proposed word produced by the system. In common query, the system has poor performance. The poor accuracy emerges due to the lack of method in determination of correcting word, there are pair phrases that have high opportunity value but do not have similar context and are not included in Big Dictionary of Indonesian (KBBI) and there are pair phrases that have similar context but have low opportunity value.
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Judul: Growth, Concentration Chlorophyll-a, and Structure of Macroalgae Gracilaria edulis in the Culture Media Containing Copper
Abstrak: The physiological responses (specific growth rate, concentration of chlorophyll-a, morphological and anatomical structure of the vegetative cells) of the marine macroalga Gracilaria edulis at the different concentrations of copper (0.01 as control, 0.04, 0.06 and 0,5 ppm) delivered continuously for 28 days under controlled laboratory conditions were investigated. Result showed that the degree of copper toxicity depends on both factor the concentration and exposure time. Copper concentration and day of exposure decreased significantly the specific growth rate (SGR) of the Gracilaria edulis but only 0,5 ppm Cu decreased the chlorophyll-a content when compared to control. Of the various physiological end points measured, growth proved to be the most sensitive response than chlorophyll-a with reductions in specific growth rate (SGR). The reason for this could be related to a greater sensitivity of the enzymes involved in growth than those related to chlorophyll-a or a greater energy needs to maintain cellular integrity and metabolic processes under sublethal Cu stress. In all cases, the main effect on vegetative cells were structure changes in cortex and subcortex cells, compared to control, macroalgae exposed to copper showed depigmentation and blending in the lateral branches, heavy staining of the cell wall and severe damage of cell membrane, while the mucilage and the cell walls was densely fibrillar, thick and heavily stained, the cortex cell was clearly vacuolated, the presence of endophytic on the cell wall and endophytic spores in the mucilage. The presence vacuoles should be related to a metal immobilization mechanism, minimizing the Cu toxicity for cells. The epiphytic bacteria can act as a biofilter diminishing the availability of Cu for macroalgae accumulation.
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