Judul: Transmisi Harga Beras di Indonesia pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Abstrak: Pandemi covid-19 telah berdampak pada perekonomian global termasuk Indonesia. Menyikapi penyebaran kasus Covid-19, pemerintah Indonesia memberlakukan pembatasan sosial yang berdampak langsung pada kegiatan ekonomi masyarakat termasuk sektor pangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis transmisi harga beras dari tingkat produsen ke tingkat konsumen selama masa pandemi Covid-19. Transmisi harga menggambarkan dampak perubahan harga suatu barang di satu tingkat pasar terhadap perubahan harga barang di tingkat pasar yang lain. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series harian dari bulan Maret 2020 sampai dengan Maret 2021. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan Vector Autoregressive (VAR). Hasil estimasi VAR menunjukkan bahwa harga produsen dan harga konsumen tidak saling mempengaruhi. Tidak adanya transmisi harga antara produsen dan konsumen dapat mengindikasikan bahwa intervensi pemerintah untuk menjaga harga beras selama pandemi Covid-19 sudah efektif.
Keyword: covid-19, price transmission, rice, VAR

Judul: The Effect of Rice Prices on Other Food Prices Before During and After Covid 19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Beras di Indonesia merupakan komoditas yang sangat strategis dari segi ekonomi, sosial, lingkungan dan politik. Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perubahan dan fluktuasi harga pada komoditas pangan. Terjadinya fluktuasi harga pangan menandakan bahwa negara tersebut tidak stabil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola perubahan harga beras sebelum, saat, dan setelah pandemi Covid -19 dan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan harga beras terhadap harga dari komoditas pangan lainnya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu statistik deskriptif dengan analisis koefisien variasi dan analisis korelasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa harga beras mengalami penurunan selama pandemi Covid-19 dan meningkat setelah pandemi berakhir dan harga beras cenderung stabil di tingkat pedagang besar serta pasar tradisional. Harga beras cenderung berkorelasi positif terhadap harga pangan lain sehingga ketika harga beras mengalami peningkatan maka harga pangan lain akan meningkat., Rice in Indonesia is a highly strategic commodity in terms of economics, social, environmental, and political aspects. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes and fluctuations in the prices of food commodities. The occurrence of food price fluctuations indicates instability in the country. The purpose of this research is to analyze the patterns of rice price changes before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic and to examine the influence of rice price changes on the prices of other food commodities. The method used is descriptive statistics with coefficient of variation analysis and correlation analysis. The results of this study indicate that rice prices decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic and increased after the pandemic ended, and rice prices tend to be stable at the level of wholesalers and traditional markets. Rice prices tend to have a positive correlation with the prices of other food items, so when rice prices increase, the prices of other food items will also rise.
Keyword: Covid-19 Pandemic, Coefficient of Variance, Correlation Analysis, Food Commodities, Rice Prices

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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