Judul: Produksi xilooligozakarida dari xilan tongkol jagung dengan menggunakan xilanase streptomyces sp asal Indonesia
Abstrak: Production of xylanase from three local isolates could be induced with xylan from corncob. The strains of Streptomyces sp. which used in this research are 234P-16 strain, SKK1-8 strain, and 45I-3 strain. Xylanases from strain SKK1-8 and strain 45I-3 showed the higher activity with corncob xylan than oatspelt xylan. The highest xylanase activities for three strains produced from corncob xylan substrate with 1% concentration than 0.5% and 1.5%. Xylanase which produced by Streptomyces sp. is used for hydrolyzing xylan to produce xylooligosaccharide. The product of xylanase hydrolysis could be determined by reducing analysis sugar determination, changing of carbohydrate degree of polymerization (DP), and by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC). Xylan hydrolysis product from 234P-16 xylanase was long chain xilooligosaccharide on oatspelt xylan and corncob xylan with DP ranging from 83.13 to 20.24. Xylan hydrolysis product SKK1-8 xylanases was short chain xilooligosaccharide with DP ranging from 12.01 to 2.12, and from 45I-3 DP ranging from 5.75 to 2.12 on oatspelt xylan and corncob xylan. The TLC chromatogram showed that hydrolysis product contains various xylooligosaccharides.
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Judul: Keragaman Karakter Xilanase Dari  Tiga Isolat Streptomyces Asal Indonesia
Abstrak: Xilan is the major component of hemicellulose found in plant cell wall. The aboundance of xylan in nature suggested the importance of xylan bioconvertion by xylanases. Three isolates of Streptomyces from Indonesia respective to 45I-3, 234P-16, and SKK1-8 could produce extracelluler xylanases when grown in birchwood xylan medium. Stability test in optimum temperature showed that xylanases from 234P-16, SKK1-8, and 45I-3 have half life time 23 hour 9 minute, 1 hour 45 minute, and 2 hour 9 minute, respectively. Xylanases from three isolates were stable at temperature 3 oC. Xylanases from three isolates showed the highest activity at oatspelt xylan and the lowest at CMC. HPLC analysis showed that hydrolytic product of birchwood xylan especially are xylosa and arabinosa. Xylanases from three isolates could be precipitated by acetone. Zymogram analysis showed that three isolates could degrade birchwood xylan, and their molecular masses were estimated to be approximately 16.37 kDa, 14.39 kDa, and 12.65 kDa for 45I-3; 16.80 kDa and 14.76 kDa for 234P-16; and 16.80 kDa, 15.21 kDa, and 13.86 kDa for SKK1-8.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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