Judul: Kualitas Silase Ampas Rumput Laut dengan Penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum.
Abstrak: This research aimed to get quality of seaweed waste silage with lactid acid bacteria Lactobacillus plantarum (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% ) as addition. This silage was fermented for 28 days. The research used Completely Randomize Design with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters of this research were the characteristic of physical (texture, colour, odor, and persentage of failure), characteristic of chemical (pH, Dry Mater (DM) loss, and water activity), lactic acid bacteria population, and nutrition content test. The result showed that the addition of Lactobacillus plantarum did not effect on characteristic physical and chemical seaweed waste silage. All treatments of seaweed waste silage had good physical and chemical quality. Over all, the results of seaweed silage with Lactobacillus plantarum as good as seaweed silages without Lactobacillus plantarum.
Keyword: Lactobacillus plantarum, Silage, Seaweed waste

Judul: Effect of Lactobacillus plantarum on Total Mixed Ration Silage Quality with Different Ensilage Times
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh penambahan L. plantarum terhadap kualitas silase TMR dengan lama ensilase yang berbeda. TMR yang digunakan berupa campuran hijauan 68,63% dengan konsentrat 31,37%. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial 4 x 2. Faktor A yaitu lama ensilase (1, 7, 14, 28 hari), Faktor B yaitu inokulum (tanpa dan dengan inokulum). Parameter yang diukur adalah kualitas fermentatif silase (pH, asam laktat, dan amonia silase), kualitas nutrien (bahan kering, ADF, dan NDF), kualitas fermentatif rumen in vitro (pH, amonia rumen) dan kualitas kecernaan in vitro (KcBk, KcBO, dan produksi gas). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan jika data berbeda nyata, dilakukan uji lanjut Tukey menggunakan Minitab 21 versi 4.1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lama ensilase berpengaruh sangat nyata pada semua peubah yang diukur kecuali amonia silase, BK, amonia rumen, KcBK, KcBO, dan total produksi gas (P<0,01); sedangkan penambahan inokulum berpengaruh sangat nyata pada semua peubah kecuali asam laktat, BK, ADF, NDF, pH rumen, KcBK, KcBO, dan total produksi gas (P<0,01). Terdapat interaksi yang sangat nyata antara lama ensilase 7 hari dengan penambahan inokulum (P<0.01). Simpulan penelitian ini adalah lama proses pembuatan silase terbaik dari TMR dengan rasio 68,63% hijauan dan 31,37% konsentrat adalah 7 hari dengan penambahan inokulum L. plantarum 1% dari sudut fermentatif silase, nutrien silase, fermentabilitas rumen dan sudut ekonomi., This study aimed to determine the effect of added L. plantarum on the quality of TMR silage with different ensilage times. TMR was used as a mixture of 68.63% forage with 31.37% concentrate. Factor A was ensilage times (1,7,14,28 days), and Factor B was inoculum (without and with inoculum). Parameters measured were silage fermentative quality (pH, lactic acid, and ammonia), nutrient quality (dry matter, ADF, NDF), rumen fermentative quality (pH, ammonia) and digestibility quality (KcBk, KcBO, and gas production). Data were analyzed using ANOVA and if the data were significantly different, Tukey's further test was conducted using Minitab 21 version 4.1. The results showed that the ensilage times had a very significant affected on all parameters except silage ammonia, KcBK, KcBO, gas production (P<0.01); while the addition of inoculum had a very significant affected on all parameters except lactic acid, BK, ADF, NDF, rumen pH, KcBK, KcBO, gas production (P<0.01). There was a very significant interaction between 7 days ensilage time and the addition of L. plantarum inoculum (P<0.01). This study concludes that he best silage made process time from TMR with a ratio of 68.63% forage and 31.37% concentrate is 7 days with the addition of 1% L. plantarum inoculum in terms of fermentative quality of silage, silage nutrients, rumen fermentability and from an economic.
Keyword: kecernaan, Lactobacillus plantarum, Lama ensilase, Silase TMR

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.