Judul: Kajian tepung bungkil biji karet (TBBK) Hevea brasiliensis sebagai bahan baku pakan benih ikan mas
Abstrak: This research was conducted to study rubber seed meal (Hevea brasiliensis) as a candidate of plant protein source in diet for common carp fry (Cyprinus carpio Linn). This study were divided into 2 experiments: digestibility and growth. Processed rubber seed meal (pRSM) and unprocessed (upRSM) were subjected to digestibility experiment and Cr2O3 at level of 0.05% was used as a tracer. The faeces were daily collected 30-60 minutes after feeding for 14 days. Dry matter, protein, phosphorus and calcium were used as digestibility parameters. Four treatment diets with isoprotein (30%) were used to evaluate growth performance index. Diet P1 have not contained protein come from pRSM. Diet P2 and P3 contained 50 and 75% of protein come from pRSM. Diet P4 contained 50% of protein come from upRSM. Completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates were used to this experiment. Common carp fry 2.19 ± 0.005 g was entered to 18 aquariums at 20/aquarium and feed tested diet at satiation for 40 days of culture period. The evaluated parameter were survival rate, feed consumption, feed efficiency, relative growth, protein and lipid retention, water/lipid/glycogen liver content and hepatosomatic index, histological and haematological blood. The result showed that common carp fry relatively better digested pRSM than upRSM. Moreover, the increasing of protein percentage from pRSM until 50% resulted best growth perfomance indicator and haemotological blood parameter. It is concluded that pRSM can be used as protein source up to 50% in diet common carp fry.
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Judul: Evaluasi biji kapuk (Ceiba petandra Gaertn) berdasar kecernaan, enzimatik, gambaran darah, histologi dan kinerja pertumbuhan sebagai alternatif bahan baku pakan ikan mas (Cyprinus carpio L)
Abstrak: This research was conducted to evaluate kapook seed (Ceiba petandra Gaertn) as plant feedstuff on digestibility, enzymatic activity, blood parameter, histology and growth performance of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. This experiment was conducted at three stages. The first stage of the research was done to known the digestibility of kapook seed meal in vitro. Kapook seed meal (KSM) at the levels of 0%, 7%, 28%, 50%, 72%, 93% and 100% was used as substrates, and pure enzymes of protease 34.5 IU, lipase 10 IU, and amylase 14.4 IU were used as hydrolyzer. The substrate was incubated for one hour at the temperature of 37 oC. The results of in vitro experiment showed that the digestibilty rate of protein, lipid and carbohydrate was reach to a maximum level at the KSM concentration of 50%, and the digestibility rate of protein, lipid and carbohydrate was reduced to the level of 37.57%, 46.15%, and 65.78% when KSM concentration was increased from 50 to 100%. It is concluded that the maximum concentration of KSM without any reduction effect on digestibility rate was 50%. The second experiment was conducted to evaluate the digestibility and enzyme activity of common carp fed diet containing different levels of kapook seed meal, either 0% , 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50% KSM, respectively. For indirect digestibilty measurement, 0.5% of Cr2O3 was used as a tracer. The results showed that the digestibility of total, energy, protein, lipid and carbohydrate decreased along with the increasing of KSM levels in the diets. The activity of amylase was higher compared to protease and lipase activities in all KSM levels in the diets, but its rate was reduced along with the increasing of KSM levels in the diet. The third experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of different level of kapook seed on histology, blood parameters, accumulation anti nutritional factors in liver and kidney, and growth performance of common carp. All the methods of this experiment were the same as those on the second experiment. The result showed that the increasing of KSM levels in the diets increased the concentration of gossypol (FG) and cyclopropenic acid (ALS) in blood and organs increased as the KSM levels in the diet were increased. The desaturation of unsaturated fatty acid was found in all fish fed KSM diets. All growth performance indicators such as feed consumption, feed convertion ratio, protein and lipid retention, survival rates, and daily growth rate were decreased as a consequence of the inclusion of KSM in the diets. It is concluded that KSM contained 0.32% of FG and 1.57% of ALS can not be used as raw materials for stomachless fish like common carp.
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Judul: Hubungan Ciri-Ciri Pribadi dan Perilaku Kepemimpinan Kepala Desa dalam Perencanaan Pembangunan Desa
Abstrak: Undang-Undang No. 5 Tahun 1979 menetapkan Kepala Desa sebagai pejabat pemerintahan tertinggi didesa. Diantara Kepala Desa terdapat perbedaan-perbedaan dalam melaksanakan tugasnya, karena berbedanya ciri - ciri pribadi yang mempengaruhi perilaku kepemimpinan Kepala Desa. Ciri - ciri pribadi adalah suatu ciri atau sifat seseorang yang bersumber dari unsur keturunan (hereditas) dan berkembang sesuai dengan keadaan lingkungannya. Perilaku kepemimpinan adalah tindak-tanduk seseorang dalam mengarahkan,membimbing dan mendorong orang lain agar bertingkah laku sesuai dengan yang dikehendakinya.
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