Judul: Pendeteksian Hotspot Kasus Pernikahan Dini Wanita Di Jawa Barat Menggunakan Statistik Pemindaian Spasial (Spatial Scan Statistic).
Abstrak: Pernikahan dini yang marak terjadi pada wanita Indonesia memiliki beberapa dampak negatif, seperti tingginya risiko kematian ibu, masalah kesehatan reproduksi, meningkatkan kasus kekerasan dalam rumah tangga, dan meningkatkan angka putus sekolah (BKKBN 2010). Peran pemerintah diperlukan dalam upaya pengendalian dan pengawasan terhadap kasus tersebut melalui perencanaan kebijakan yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeteksi dan memetakan hotspot kasus pernikahan dini wanita di Jawa Barat menggunakan metode statistik pemindaian spasial dengan model peluang Bernoulli dan model peluang Poisson. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder berupa data usia perkawinan pertama wanita di 26 kabupaten/kota yang ada di Provinsi Jawa Barat pada tahun 2012, bersumber dari BPS. Selain itu, data koordinat bujur dan lintang seluruh kabupaten/kota digunakan sebagai data pendukung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada satu hotspot utama dan enam hotspot sekunder yang signifikan, baik dengan model peluang Bernoulli maupun model peluang Poisson. Hotspot utama berpusat pada titik koordinat 6.81 lintang selatan dan 107.12 bujur timur dengan radius 19.09 km, mencakup Kabupaten Cianjur dan Kabupaten Sukabumi.
Keyword: hotspot, pernikahan dini, statistik pemindaian spasial

Judul: Identifikasi Peubah-Peubah yang Memengaruhi Pernikahan Dini di Provinsi Jawa Timur Menggunakan Model Regresi Spasial
Abstrak: Pernikahan dini atau pernikahan di bawah umur 19 tahun masih tergolong tinggi di Indonesia. Provinsi Jawa Timur merupakan provinsi dengan kasus pernikahan di bawah umur yang tinggi pada tahun 2020. Beberapa kabupaten/kota yang berdekatan cenderung saling memengaruhi, sehingga untuk mengidentifikasi peubah - peubah yang memengaruhi pernikahan dini di Jawa Timur tahun 2020 digunakan regresi spasial dengan matriks pembobot jarak k-tetangga terdekat. Data yang digunakan adalah persentase wanita yang memiliki usia pernikahan pertama di bawah 19 tahun dengan peubah penjelas yaitu persentase penduduk miskin, persentase pemuda yang memiliki akses internet, persentase penduduk dengan tingkat pendidikan tertinggi SD, persentase penduduk dengan tingkat pendidikan tertinggi SMP, persentase penduduk dengan tingkat pendidikan tertinggi SMA, dan persentase wanita yang pernah hamil di usia remaja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) lebih baik daripada Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) dalam penentuan peubah-peubah yang memengaruhi persentase kasus pernikahan dini. Berdasarkan Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), peubah-peubah yang berpengaruh signifikan yaitu persentase penduduk miskin, persentase pemuda yang memiliki akses internet, persentase wanita dengan pendidikan tertinggi SMA, lag persentase wanita dengan pendidikan tertinggi SMA, dan lag persentase wanita yang pernah hamil di usia remaja, Early marriage, or marriage under the age of 19, remains prevalent in Indonesia. In the year 2020, the province of East Java recorded high instances of underage marriages. Several adjacent districts/cities tend to mutually influence each other, prompting the use of spatial regression with a matrix weighing the distances of k-nearest neighbors to identify the variables influencing early marriages in East Java in 2020. The data utilized includes the percentage of women with first marriage below 19 years old, with explanatory variables being the percentage of the population living in poverty, the percentage of youth with internet access, the percentage of the population with the highest education level of elementary school, the percentage of the population with the highest education level of junior high school, the percentage of the population with the highest education level of senior high school, and the percentage of women who have been pregnant during their teenage years. The research findings indicate that the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) outperforms the Spatial Autoregressive Model (SAR) in determining the influential variables affecting the percentage of child marriage cases. According to the Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), the significant influencing variables are the percentage of the population living in poverty, the percentage of youth with internet access, the percentage of women with the highest education level of senior high school, the lag of the percentage of women with the highest education level of senior high school, and the lag of the percentage of women who have been pregnant during their teenage years.
Keyword: pernikahan dinipernikahan dini, regresi spasial, spatial autoregressive model, spatial durbin model

Judul: Growth, Concentration Chlorophyll-a, and Structure of Macroalgae Gracilaria edulis in the Culture Media Containing Copper
Abstrak: The physiological responses (specific growth rate, concentration of chlorophyll-a, morphological and anatomical structure of the vegetative cells) of the marine macroalga Gracilaria edulis at the different concentrations of copper (0.01 as control, 0.04, 0.06 and 0,5 ppm) delivered continuously for 28 days under controlled laboratory conditions were investigated. Result showed that the degree of copper toxicity depends on both factor the concentration and exposure time. Copper concentration and day of exposure decreased significantly the specific growth rate (SGR) of the Gracilaria edulis but only 0,5 ppm Cu decreased the chlorophyll-a content when compared to control. Of the various physiological end points measured, growth proved to be the most sensitive response than chlorophyll-a with reductions in specific growth rate (SGR). The reason for this could be related to a greater sensitivity of the enzymes involved in growth than those related to chlorophyll-a or a greater energy needs to maintain cellular integrity and metabolic processes under sublethal Cu stress. In all cases, the main effect on vegetative cells were structure changes in cortex and subcortex cells, compared to control, macroalgae exposed to copper showed depigmentation and blending in the lateral branches, heavy staining of the cell wall and severe damage of cell membrane, while the mucilage and the cell walls was densely fibrillar, thick and heavily stained, the cortex cell was clearly vacuolated, the presence of endophytic on the cell wall and endophytic spores in the mucilage. The presence vacuoles should be related to a metal immobilization mechanism, minimizing the Cu toxicity for cells. The epiphytic bacteria can act as a biofilter diminishing the availability of Cu for macroalgae accumulation.
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