Judul: Identification of Aquatic Insects Order Odonata Based on 16S  rRNA Gene Markers in Cigambreng River Waters, Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Serangga air dari ordo Odonata menjadi salah satu ordo yang digunakan sebagai biondikator. Secara morfologis, serangga air memiliki kemiripan yang sulit dibedakan sehingga perlu pendekatan genetik dengan melakukan identifikasi molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi serangga air ordo Odonata hingga tingkat spesies di hulu Sungai Cigambreng, Kabupaten Bogor berdasarkan pendekatan molekuler menggunakan marka gen 16S rRNA. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Desember 2022 sampai Juni 2023. Analisis molekuler melalui tahap isolasi, ekstraksi, amplifikasi, visualisasi, serta sekuensing. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah pensejajaran sekuen nukleotida, perhitugan jarak genetik, dan analisis filogenetik dengan aplikasi MEGA X. Hasil validasi menunjukkan bahwa terdapat dua jenis spesies, yaitu Pseudagrion pilidorsum (≥99%) dan Vestalis melania (≤92%). Hasil jarak genetik dan pohon filogenetik menunjukkan Pseudagrion pilidorsum dan Vestalis melania memiliki masing masing nilai jarak genetik yang rendah dengan spesies ingroup karena memiliki hubungan kekerabatan yang tinggi., Aquatic Insects of the order Odonata became one of the orders used as biondicators. Morphologically, aquatic insects have similarities that are difficult to distinguish so it needs a genetic approach by conducting molecular identification. This study aims to identify aquatic insects of the Odonata order up to the species level in the upper reaches of the Cigambreng River, Bogor Regency based on a molecular approach using 16S rRNA gene markers. This research was conducted from December 2022 to June 2023. Molecular analysis through the stages of isolation, extraction, amplification, visualization, and sequencing. The data analysis used was nucleotide sequence alignment, genetic distance alignment, and phylogenetic analysis with the MEGA X application. The validation results showed that there were two types of species, namely Pseudagrion pilidorsum (≥99%) and Vestalis melania (≤92%). The results of genetic distance and phylogenetic trees showed Pseudagrion pilidorsum and Vestalis melania each had low genetic distance values with ingroup species because they were highly related.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Bioindikator, Filogeni, Morfologi, Serangga air

Judul: Certainty of Aquatic Insect Species Ephemeroptera Order from the Cigambreng River, Bogor Regency Based on 16S rRNA Gene as a Basis for Management
Abstrak: Ephemeroptera merupakan makroinvertebrata bentik yang digunakan sebagai bioindikator perairan tawar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan karakteristik basa nukleotida, kepastian spesies, dan mengetahui hubungan kekerabatan serangga air ordo Ephemeroptera berdasarkan marka gen 16S rRNA sebagai dasar pengelolaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juni 2022 hingga Februari 2023. Metode yang digunakan meliputi isolasi dan ekstraksi, amplifikasi dan visualisasi, dan sekuensing gen 16S rRNA. Analisis data yang digunakan antara lain analisis morfologi, pensejajaran basa nukleotida, analisis filogeni, dan jarak genetik menggunakan MEGA 11. Hasil validasi menunjukkan sampel dari famili Heptageniidae memiliki tingkat kemiripan >98% dengan Thalerosphyrus sinuosus, sedangkan sampel Baetidae sebesar 83% dengan Pseudocloeon glaucum. Pohon filogeni menunjukkan kekerabatan famili Heptageniidae spesies Thalerosphyrus sinuosus sangat dekat dengan ingroup species, sedangkan famili Baetidae cukup jauh dengan ingroup species., Ephemeroptera are benthic macroinvertebrates used as freshwater bioindicators. This study aims to determine the characteristics of nucleotide bases, determine species certainty, and determine the kinship relationship of water insects of the order Ephemeroptera based on 16S rRNA gene markers as a basis for management. The study was conducted from June 2022 to February 2023. The methods used included isolation and extraction, amplification and visualization, and 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Data analysis used included morphological analysis, nucleotide base alignment, phylogeny analysis, and genetic distance using MEGA 11. The validation results showed that samples from the Heptageniidae family had >98% similarity with Thalerosphyrus sinuosus, while samples from Baetidae were 83% with Pseudocloeon glaucum. The phylogenetic tree shows that the family Heptageniidae, the species Thalerosphyrus sinuosus, is very close to the ingroup species, while the family Baetidae is quite far from the ingroup species..
Keyword: Ephemeroptera, 16S rRNA, Serangga air, Cigambreng, Heptageniidae, Baetidae

Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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