Judul: Dampak Theory of Planned Behavior terhadap Niat untuk Bergabung dalam Jaminan Sosial untuk Pekerja Informal: Pelajaran dari Indonesia dan Taiwan
Abstrak: The problem that is currently happening, especially in various developing countries, is the dominance of the number of informal workers in these countries and this number is growing from time to time. However, along with the increasing number of informal workers, protection for them from various social risks is still very limited. The majority of workers in the informal sector are often ignored by the social security system, and the existing social security programs only focus and target workers in the formal sector. Only 56% of Indonesia's 93 million eligible employees are covered by social security, while only 3.7% of informal workers are covered (LIPI, 2020). Due to the low social security participation for informal workers, especially in Indonesia, there needs to be analysis and research to increase the number of this participation. Currently, the social security system for informal workers in Indonesia is included in the Non-Wage Recipient (BPU) program. This program has several products, such as death insurance (mandatory), work accident insurance (mandatory), and old age insurance as a voluntary program. The contribution required in this system is still cheap, starting from Rp. 16.800 (for the two mandatory programs) and increases according to the workers' monthly income. According to the BPJS Law number 24 of 2011, social security in Indonesia is universal, meaning that everyone is required to follow the health program, and every worker, even informal workers, is required to follow the social security system for workers. However, in its implementation, due to inadequate law enforcement, it seems that this system is optional and voluntary. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further research on the intention of informal workers to register for social security. The measurement of this intention is important to extend social security participation to informal workers because the voluntary participation and control of enrolling in social security is entirely within the control of each of these workers. In Taiwan, the nature is almost the same, participation is voluntary. Taiwan's social security law allows independent contractors, employers with fewer than five employees who are not union members, and self-employed persons who also employ others to voluntarily enroll in social security insurance. This is done because managing workers working in the informal economy is very difficult. The ability to calculate the contribution to be made is one of the biggest challenges because the income earned may fluctuate frequently. Despite these challenges, Taiwan has managed to provide all its workers with social security coverage. So Indonesia needs to learn a lot from this to expand the coverage of social security for informal workers. Then, the study aims to identify the driving forces behind informal workers' desire to enroll in social security programs. To find the factors, the Theory of Planned Behavior will serve as tools to unearth those. The purpose of this study is to determine which factors have the greatest effect on the intention to participate in the social security system for informal workers. This study also compares the results of this study with the policies that have been taken by Indonesia and Taiwan as a comparison country
Keyword: Informal Workers, Social Security, Theory of Planned Behavior, SEM-PLS

Judul: Faktor Penentu Partisipasi Asuransi Pengangguran: Penerapan Theory of Planned Behaviour
Abstrak: Unemployment is one of the economic disorders that affect the economic growth rate. The recent pandemic outbreak has turned the medical crisis into a global financial downturn, threatening the health and employment of people around the world. Unemployment insurance is intended to assist workers with partial and momentary income replacement, access to skill training, and job placement assistance during their unemployment period. The scheme was launched in Indonesia on March 2021. This study analyzed the intention effect toward participation and the effect of attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control towards the intention to participate using the Theory of Planned Behaviour. The study used 200 participants of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan in the DKI Jakarta regional office as respondents. Binary logistic regression and SEM analysis are used in this study. The result showed that intention significantly affects participation in unemployment insurance. Attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control positively and significantly influence the intention to participate. Subjective norm is significant as an intervening variable between attitude and perceived behavioral control toward the intention to participate. Thus, strategies focusing on these factors can increase participation in the unemployment insurance scheme.
Keyword: Attitude Toward Behaviour, Subjective Norm, Perceived Behavioral Control, Participation Intention, Unemployment Insurance

Judul: Hematuria akibat asam jengkolat pada marmut (Guinea pig)
Abstrak: Asam jengkolat merupakan asam amino yang terdapat bebas dalam buah jengkol yang letaknya tersebar rata dalam buah jengkol, tidak tertimbun di bagian tertentu, ikut termakan bila memakan buah jengkol. Ganggguan keracunan jengkol berasal dari kandungan asam jengkolat yang terdapat dalam buahnya. Jumlah asam jengkolat yang ikut termakan tidak dapat dikurangi dengan cara menghindari memakan bagian-bagian tertentu dari buahnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan adanya hematuria akibat asam jengkolat pada marmut. Asam jengkolat diekstrak dari buah jengkol tua dan segar. Ekstrak buah jengkol berupa serbuk kristal asam jengkolat yang berwarna putih diperoleh sebanyak 1,1117 g. Serbuk kristal asam jengkolat ini sebelum dicekokkan pada marmut dilakukan beberapa pengujian terlebih dahulu yaitu, uji ninhydrin, uji belerang, uji kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT) dengan eluen butanol, asetat, air dengan perbandingan 4: 1:1, dan uji kelarutan dalam air. Dari uji-uji tersebut terbukti bahwa, asam jengkolat memberikan reaksi yang positif dengan uji ninhydrin dengan memberikan hasil warna visualisasi coklat keunguan, membentuk endapan hitam PbS pada uji belerang, memiliki Rf sebesar 0,30 dan sulit larut dalam air dengan daya larut sebesar 1,02 g asam jengkolat dalam 1 liter air pada suhu 30°C. Kemudian serbuk kristal asam jengkolat ini dicekokkan pada marmut dengan berbagai dosis yaitu, 0, 1, 4, 8 dan 14 dosis standar (g asam jengkolat/ 100 g berat badan marmut). Penentuan hematuria akibat asam jengkolat dilakukan pada jam ke- 0. 1, 2, 3 sampai jam ke-8 dengan menggunakan mikroskop. Respon hematuria akibat pemberian asam jengkolat mengalami kenaikan dengan semakin naiknya jumlah dosis asam jengkolat, mulai dari dosis 1. 4. 8 dan 14 dosis standar jumlah eritrosit meningkat secara teratur, yaitu 19 eritrosit/LPB. 22 eritrosit/ LPB, 27 eritrosit/ LPB dan 37 eritrosit/ LPB. Pemberian asam jengkolat dengan dosis yang berbeda memberikan respon hematuria yang berbeda nyata (p<0,01) pada marmut. Kemudian rataan jumlah eritrosit (respon hematuria) meningkat tajam pada jam ke-4 untuk setiap dosis, dan mengalami penurunan pada jam ke-5 dan ke-6. Dari pemeriksaan urin secara mikroskopis terhadap adanya hematuria dan adanya kristal asam jengkolat memberikan nilai (p>0.01), artinya tidak ada asosiasi antara adanya kristal asam jengkolat. Ini menunjukkan bahwa kristal asam jengkolat bukan penyebab hematuria pada marmut yang diberi asam jengkolat.
Keyword: acid