Judul: Transformasi dan Percampuran Massa Air di Perairan Selat Alor pada Bulan Juli 2011
Abstrak: Alor Strait is the deepest channel in Alor islands after Ombai Strait. Contribution of the strait as one of the secondary exit passages of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) has not been studied yet. The strait separates Flores Sea and Sawu Sea, and is featured by the existence of high sill within the strait, suggested that turbulence due to interaction between strait flow and bottom topography could drive mixing and then modify the water mass properties. The purpose of this study is to investigate transformation of ITF water mass and turbulent mixing process with Thorpe scale and Richardson number (Ri) profiles. A hydrographic survey has been carried out in July 2011, in which 15 CTD casts were lowered in the strait, together with hull-mounted 75 kHz ADCP and 12 kHz EA500 single beam echosounder. The results show that Alor sill depth is about 300 meters in the main gate. Snapshot estimate of along strait transport volume is 1,07 Sv (1 Sv = 106 m3s-1), feeding Sawu Sea with North Pacific water origin e.g. NPSW in which maximum salinity of NPSW is significantly reduced due to strong mixing, perhaps driven by bottom topography and strait flow which creates turbulence. Percentage of NPSW’s maximum salinity traced in the central part of the strait is 32.1 % but it varies from 2,9 to 21,0% in southern part of Alor Strait (i.e. Sawu Sea). NISW (Northern Indian Subtropical Water) with maximum salinity layer at = 23,5-24,5 is dominant in the southern part of Alor Strait (i.e. Sawu Sea). The existence of NIIW (North Indian Intermediate Water) is also found in the deeper layer of Sawu Sea. The average value of vertical eddy diffussivity (K ) estimate in the thermocline layer and deep layer in northern part and central part of strait channel is within the order of 10-3 m2 s-1. Lower order of K in the thermocline layer and deep layer were found in southern part of the Strait (Sawu Sea), ranging from 10-6 to 10-4 m2 s-1. These indicates that the existence of sills in the northern part and central part of Alor Strait could drive mixing significantly.
Keyword: 

Judul: Transformation and Mixing of North Pacific Water Mass in Sangihe-Talaud and Makassar Strait in August 2019
Abstrak: Massa air Arlindo mengalami transformasi karena berbagai faktor, seperti energi pasang surut dan gelombang internal yang kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi karakteristik massa air dan perubahannya di sepanjang lintasan barat Arlindo serta mengkuantifikasi nilai percampuran di Perairan Sangihe-Talaud dan Selat Makassar pada bulan Agustus 2019. Data CTD diambil dengan Kapal Baruna Jaya IV di enam stasiun pengukuran snapshot pada Agustus 2019 dan CTD-yoyo sebanyak sembilan kali pengulangan pada satu stasiun CTD di perairan Sangihe-Talaud. Data CTD diolah dengan SBE Data Processing dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis jenis massa air dengan diagram suhu-salinitas, serta percampuran turbulen dengan Metode Thorpe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan massa air termoklin (North Pacific Subtropical Water) dengan ciri salinitas maksimum, dan kedalaman menengah (North Pacific Intermediate Water) dengan ciri salinitas minimum tipikal Pasifik Utara mendominasi di lokasi studi. Transformasi massa air di sepanjang lintasan terlihat dari perubahan nilai salinitas maksimum dan minimum tersebut, dengan nilai disipasi (ϵ) mencapai O (10-5) m2 s-2 dan nilai difusivitas vertikal (Kρ) mencapai O (10-2) m2 s-1. Estimasi pencampuran yang kuat juga terjadi di lapisan dalam yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas pasang surut barotropik yang berinteraksi dengan topografi dasar laut yang kasar sehingga terbentuk gelombang pasang surut internal dan memicu percampuran turbulen massa air., Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is transformed due to various factors, such as tidal energy and strong internal waves. This study aims to describe the structure of ITF water masses, investigate their transformation along ITF western route and estimate turbulent mixing in the Sangihe-Talaud and Makassar Strait in August 2019. CTD datasets were taken with Research Vessel Baruna Jaya IV at six snapshot stations and nine casts of CTD-yoyo in Sangihe-Talaud. The CTD datasets are processed using SBE Data Processing and analyzed using the temperature-salinity diagram. The turbulent mixing properties were analyzed using the Thorpe Method. The results showed that the thermocline water (North Pacific Subtropical Water) with salinity maximum core layer (Smax), and intermediate water (North Pacific Intermediate Water) with salinity minimum (Smin) from North Pacific origin are dominant. Transformation of NPSW and NPIW along their pathway can be identified from decreasing Smax of NPSW and slightly increasing Smin of NPIW, with energy dissipation (ϵ) reaching O (10-5) m2 s-2 and vertical diffusivity (Kρ) reaching O (10-2) m2 s-1. Strong mixing also occurred in the deep layer which is caused by barotropic tidal activity that interacts with rough topography and then generates internal tides and triggers turbulent mixing.
Keyword: Internal tidal wave, ITF water mass, Mixing, Thorpe Method, Transformation

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
Keyword: