Judul: AUTEKOLOGI Desmos chinensis Lour. DI KAWASAN HUTAN TRENGGALEK JAWA TIMUR
Abstrak: Desmos chinensis Lour. merupakan tumbuhan anggota famili Annonacae yang memiliki banyak manfaat. Tumbuhan ini berkhasiat sebagai antibakteri, antibiotik, antirematik, antispasmodik dan analgesik. Akan tetapi, keberadaan tumbuhan Desmos chinensis Lour. di lingkungan saat ini sudah sulit ditemukan. Analisis autekologi digunakan untuk menjelaskan ekologi Desmos chinensis Lour. di habitat aslinya. Data tersebut sangat diperlukan untuk pengembangan jenis tumbuhan ini di masa depan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari interaksi spesies Desmos chinensis Lour. dengan lingkungannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan untuk mengetahui struktur tegakan menggunakan metode transek dan kuadran. Indeks nilai penting Desmos chinensis Lour. di lokasi pengamatan yang cukup besar mengindikasikan spesies tersebut memiliki peranan yang penting bagi lingkungan sekitarnya. Kandungan nitrogen dan fosfor dalam tanah terrmasuk rendah, namun spesies tumbuhan Desmos chinensis Lour. dapat beradaptasi dengan baik di lingkungan tempat tumbuhnya. Nilai indeks keanekaragaman (H’) dan indeks kemerataan (E) di lokasi pengamatan termasuk rendah, hal itu menunjukkan lokasi ditemukannya spesies tumbuhan Desmos chinensis Lour. memiliki spesies tumbuhan yang kurang bervariasi di sekitarnya dan tidak ada spesies yang mendominasi pada tiap plot pengamatan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan, faktor lingkungan yang paling berpengaruh terhadap kelimpahan tumbuhan Desmos chinensis Lour. adalah intensitas cahaya. Kata kunci: Indeks nilai penting, intensitas cahaya, kuadran, mikroklimat, transek, Desmos chinensis Lour. is a plant species belong to the Annonacae family that has many benefits. This plant has antibacterial, antibiotic, antirheumatic, antispasmodic and analgesic properties. However, the existence of Desmos chinensis Lour. in the environment is now difficult to find. Autecological analysis is used to explain the ecology of Desmos chinensis Lour. in its natural habitat. This data is very necessary for the development of this plant species in the future. This study aims to study the interaction of Desmos chinensis Lour. species with its environment. The research method used to determine the structure of the vegetations using transect and quadrant methods. The significant value index of Desmos chinensis Lour. at the observation location indicates that the plant has an important role in the surrounding environment. Nitrogen and phosphor content in the soil is low, however the Desmos chinensis Lour. plant species can adapt well to the environmental where it grows. The value of diversity index (H’) and evenness index (E) at the observation location is low, it shows the location where Desmos chinensis Lour. plant species are found with less varied plant species around them and no dominant species on each observation plot. The results of the analysis showed that the environmental factor that most influenced the abundance of Desmos chinensis Lour. was light intensity. Keywords: Importance value index, light intensity, microclimate, quadrant, transect
Keyword: Importance value index, light intensity, microclimate, quadrant, transect

Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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