Judul: Uji Resistensi Terhadap Beberapa Sediaan Antibiotika pada Bakteri Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Resistensi antibiotika telah menjadi masalah penting dalam kesehatan, terutama farmasi. Munculnya resistensi di antara bakteri patogen yang paling penting diakui sebagai ancaman kesehatan masyarakat yang mempengaruhi manusia di seluruh dunia. Organisme yang resistan terhadap berbagai obat telah muncul tidak hanya di lingkungan rumah sakit tetapi sekarang sering diidentifikasi dalam lingkungan komunitas. Salah satu jenis bakteri adalah Escherichia coli (E. coli). E. coli adalah salah satu mikroorganisme penyebab diare. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan sifat resistensi bakteri E. coli terhadap dosis antibiotika azithromisin, cefotaxime, clindamisin, enrofloksasin, asam nalidiksat, dan tetrasiklin menggunakan metode Difusi. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa E. coli memiliki resistensi terhadap Azithromisin dan Klindamisin. Berbeda dengan Enrofloksasin dan Asam Nalidixic yang menunjukkan hasil sensitif
Keyword: Resistensi antibiotik, Escherichia coli, resistensi multi-obat

Judul: Gambaran Resistensi Escherichia coli Asal Feses Sapi Australia Terhadap Beberapa Jenis Antibiotika.
Abstrak: Bakteri Escherichia coli adalah bakteri normal yang ada di dalam saluran pencernaan. Bakteri ini dapat menjadi agen predisposisi penyakit gastrointestinal pada sapi. Antibiotik sering digunakan dalam pengobatan bakteri ini. Selain itu, antibiotik juga sering digunakan dalam imbuhan pakan pada sapi Australia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui resistensi bakteri Escherichia coli yang ada pada isolat feses sapi asal Australia terhadap antibiotika eritromisin, seftazidim, sefpodoksim, norfloksasin, dan tetrasiklin. Pengujian resistensi Escherichia coli terhadap antibiotik dilakukan dengan metode difusi agar yang didasarkan pada hubungan ukuran zona hambat dan sensitivitas bakteri. Hasil yang diperoleh kemudian dibandingkan dengan Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Escherichia coli memiliki tingkat resistensi yang bervariasi terhadap antibiotik. Tingkat resistensi paling tinggi ditunjukkan oleh bakteri E.coli terhadap eritromisin, yaitu sebesar 90%. Resistensi dari antibiotik tetrasiklin dan norfloksasin masing-masing sebesar 40% dan 20%. Antibiotik seftazidime dan sefpodoksim masih aman dalam penggunaan karena hasil menunjukkan sensitif 100%.
Keyword: antibiotik, Escherichia coli, resistensi

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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