Judul: Gambaran Spermatogenesis dan Superoksida Dismutase pada Testis Tikus Model Diabetes yang Diberi Ekstrak Etanol Biji Mahoni (Swietenia mahagoni Jacq.).
Abstrak: Diabetes mellitus (DM), a metabolic disease, is characterized by hyperglycemia. The aim of this study was to analyze the number of spermatogenic cells, the number of Leydig cells, and antioxidant Cu,Zn-SOD content in the testical tissues of experimental diabetic rats treated with ethanolic Swietenia mahagony seed extract. This study used 25 rats Sprague Dawley and the rats were divided into 5 groups; non DM group (K-), DM group (K+), DM group that was treated with ethanolic Swietenia mahagony seed extract (EM), DM group that was treated with acarbose 2 mg/kg body weight (KO), and non DM group that was treated with ethanolic Swietenia mahagony seed extract (KE). The dose of the extract was 500 mg/kg body weight. The treatments were done for 28 days. The testical tissues were subjected to tissue processing and stained using hematoxylin eosine and immunohistochemical technique. The results showed that ethanolic Swietenia mahagony Jacq. seed extract increased the number of spermatogenic cells, the number of Leydig cells, and antioxidant Cu,Zn-SOD content in the testical tissues of experimental DM rats.
Keyword: antioxidant, superoxide dismutase, Leydig cells, spermatogenesis, Swietenia mahagony

Judul: Gambaran Spermatogenesis, Sel Leydig, dan Superoksida Dismutase Pada Testis Tikus Diabetes yang Diberi Tepung Tempe
Abstrak: Diabetes melitus merupakan suatu penyakit yang beruhubungan dengan terganggunya pengaturan kadar gula dalam darah. Diabetes melitus ditandai dengan kondisi hiperglikemia dan menyebabkan tingginya kadar radikal bebas dalam tubuh. Antioksidan diperlukan untuk mengurangi radikal bebas. Selain antioksidan endogen, antioksidan juga ada yang berasal dari luar tubuh (antioksidan eksogen). Tempe adalah salah satu bahan pangan yang mengandung banyak antioksidan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis jumlah sel-sel spermatogenik, jumlah sel Leydig, dan kandungan antioksidan Copper, Zinc-Superoksida (Cu,Zn-SOD) pada jaringan testis tikus yang diberi tepung tempe. Penelitian ini menggunakan 12 ekor tikus jantan Sprague Dawley yang dibagi menjadi empat kelompok: kelompok tikus tidak diabetes yang diberi ransum standar (KN); kelompok tikus diabetes yang diberi ransum standar (KP); kelompok tikus diabetes yang diberi ransum tepung tempe kedelai (TB); dan kelompok tikus diabetes yang diberi ransum tepung tempe kecambah kedelai (TK). Perlakuan diberikan selama 28 hari. Jaringan testis disampling di akhir perlakuan, lalu diproses dengan metode standar embedding dengan parafin dan diwarnai dengan pewarnaan hematoksilin-eosin dan teknik imunohistokimia terhadap kandungan Cu,Zn-SOD. Pemberian ransum tepung tempe kedelai (TB) dan tepung tempe kecambah kedelai (TK) dapat mempertahankan jumlah sel spermatogenik, jumlah sel Leydig, dan kandungan antioksidan Cu,Zn-SOD pada jaringan testis tikus diabetes. Perlakuan protein tepung tempe kecambah kedelai (TK) memberikan hasil yang lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan protein dari tepung tempe kedelai (TB) dalam mempertahankan jumlah sel spermatogenik, jumlah sel Leydig, dan kandungan antioksidan Cu,Zn-SOD pada jaringan testis tikus diabetes.
Keyword: Diabetes melitus, testis, superoksida dismutase, tepung tempe kedelai, tepung tempe kecambah kedelai

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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