Judul: Keterkaitan antara Pertumbuhan Ekonomi dan Perpajakan Indonesia
Abstrak: Tax has an important role in the economy as a source of goverment revenue, and fiscal intsrument. However, tax can also reduce efficiency in economic activity. The tax to GDP ratio of Indonesia is still low at a level of 12% in average over the last fifteen years. Nevertheless, economic growth relatively shows good performance with an average about 6% since the last ten years. Theres is needed a research because in previous studies about taxation and economic growth in several countries showed different on results. This study will analyze connection between taxation and economic growth of Indonesia. Secondary data were used from period 1980-2013 with variable of GDP, and the details of tax revenue. By means of VAR analysis result, concluded that there is uni directional relationship between the economy and taxation in Indonesia, which is the economic growth affects taxation.
Keyword: VAR, tax revenue, tax ratio, Economic growth

Judul: Analisis Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Pengeluaran Pemerintah Indonesia (
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the ASEAN countries are experiencing economic growth every year. In 2008 when the current world financial crisis GDP growth in Indonesia has decreased at least compared to other ASEAN countries. This is because the amount of consumption of Indonesia has a major influence on the economy of Indonesia. Economic growth in Indonesia is directly proportional to the Indonesian government spending. Indonesia government spending has increased every year. Increased government spending each year Indonesia Indonesia's economy even cause the budget deficit. Where government spending is greater than government revenues. Government revenue derived from the tax could not afford the amount of government spending. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between economic growth in Indonesia by the Indonesian government expenditure and also analyzes the factors that influence the increase in government spending in Indonesia. The method of analysis used in this study is a method of VAR and VECM. The variables used in this study is variable spending (G), economic growth (GW), exchange rate (ER), inflation (INF), investment (INV), net exports (NE), and tax revenue (TR). The time period used in this study was the period/year 1984 to 2011. Based on this research, in the short term tax revenue, exchange rate, inflation has a positive, but not significant. While variable net exports and GDP growth has a positive and significant. In the long term variable rate (ER), net exports (NE) and GDP growth (GW) and a significant negative effect on government spending. While the inflation variable has a positive and significant impact on government spending. IRF outcome variables that describe the response of macroeconomic variables such as inflation, exchange rates, investment, GDP growth, net exports or the balance of trade, tax revenue to government spending shocks. The results show that a variant FEVD government spending predominantly explained by the variable itself from the beginning of the period until the end of the period. FEVD results also showed that the variables that contributed greatly to shocks in government spending is the exchange rate, inflation and GDP growth in the country of Indonesia.
Keyword: 

Judul: Karakteristik Carboxymethyl Chitosan Dengan Variasi Konsentrasi NaOH
Abstrak: Carboxymethyl chitosan is chitosan derivative product obtained from chemical modification. CMCh were made by alkalization process and carboxymethylation process. Factors that affect CMCh characteristics were excess sodium hydroxide in alkalization process, ratio between chitosan and monochloroacetic acid, and carboxymethylation temperature. The objectives of this research were to study the NaOH effect to CMCh characteristics, to learn process of making CMCh, to set the proper concentration of NaOH, and to analyze CMCh characteristics. CMCh yields were 110.72%-114.22%. CMCh pH value were 3.74-4.31. The optimum NaOH concentration to obtain the best CHCh was 10 M. Percentage of CMCh moisture content was 10.70%-11.42%. Ash content and nitrogen content of CMCh were 0.49%-0.50% and 4.52%-4.81%. CMCh viscousity was 8.25 cps. Percentage of CMCh solubility was 61.61%-91.50%. The different functional groups from chitosan which observed in CMCh were C=O group, CH group from alkene functional group, C−O group, and C−O−C group.
Keyword: solubility., functional group, CMCh characteristics, chitosan, carboxymethyl chitosan