Judul: . Perkembangan dan Pertumbuhan Karang Jenis Lobophyllia hemprichii Yang Ditransplantasikan Di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta
Abstrak: Teknologi transplantasi karang (Coral transplantation) adalah salah satu alternatif upaya untuk pemulihan terumbu karang melalui pencangkokan atau pemotongan karang hidup untuk di tanam di tempat lain atau di tempat yang karangnya telah mengalami kerusakan, bertujuan untuk pemulihan atau pembentukan terumbu karang alami. teknologi ini mulai banyak diaplikasikan di perairan Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu.
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Judul: Pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup hasil tranplantasi Softcoral [Octocorallis: Alcyonacea] Lobophytum strictum di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Perubahan penurunan kondisi terumbu karang di kepulauan seribu khususnya Pulau Pramuka telah terjadi sejak lama. Penurunan ini disebabkan oleh bakteri, biota asosiasi, dan perubahan suhu sehingga membuat terumbu karang mengalami penurunan jumlah koloni. Transplantasi karang lunak dengan cara fragmentasi buatan merupakan salah satu metode untuk budidaya atau memperbanyak karang lunak secara cepat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah Membandingkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup karang lunak Lobophytum strictum hasil transplantasi pada kedalaman 3 meter dan 12 meter.Membandingkan Pertumbuhan mutlak dan laju pertumbuhan karang lunak Lobophytum strictum hasil transplantasi pada kedalaman 3 meter dan 12 meter. Membandingkan perbedaan nilai pengukuran pertumbuhan karang lunak dengan menggunakan dua metode pengukuran yaitu software image J dan pengukuran manual. Penelitian berlangsung menjadi dua tahap, yaitu persiapan dan kegiatan transplantasi karang lunak. Tahap pertama, tahap persiapan dilakukan di Laboratorium Biologi Laut, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan pada bulan Mei 2008 dan Laboratorium Ilmu Kelautan, Institut Pertanian Bogor (Ancol) pada bulan Februari 2009. Tahap kedua, kegiatan transplantasi karang lunak dilakukan pada bulan September 2008 sampai Agustus 2009 di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu dan Bulan Februari 2009 sampai Agustus 2009 di Kolam Pusat Studi Kelautan, Jakarta. Parameter fisika-kimia perairan yang diukur selama penelitian termasuk dalam kondisi yang aman bagi pertumbuhan karang lunak. Suhu berkisar antara 28,8 – 29,4 ºC, salinitas berkisar antara 33-34 ‰, dan DOberkisar antara 7,25 – 8,46. Tingkat kelangsungan hidup karang lunak Lobophytum strictum yang ditransplantasikan pada penelitian ini, untuk kedalaman 3 yaitu 67%, kedalaman 12 meter yaitu 89%, dan kolam yaitu 11% dari awal sampai akhir penelitian. Pertumbuhan mutlak lebar karang lunak Lobophytum strictum dengan pengukuran Image J pada kedalaman 3 dan 12 meter, adalah ± 4,49 cm dan ± 7,63 cm. Pertumbuhan panjang total karang lunak lobophytum strictum, pada kedalaman 3 dan 12 meter, adalah ± 4,47 cm dan ± 5,46 cm. Pertumbuhan total lebar karang lunak Lobophytum strictum pada kolam mencapai ± -7,52 cm, sedangkan panjang mencapai ± -4,61 cm…
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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