Judul: The Effects of Avocado Oil (Persea americana Mill.) as Hair Growth Promoters on Rats (Rattus novergicus)
Abstrak: Essential oils and carrier oils are commonly used as pharmacology cosmetics in promoting hair growth. Avocado oil is one of the carrier oils rarely discussed as a hair growth-promoting cosmetics as compared to other oils. This study determined the effects of avocado oil (Persea americana Mill.) as hair growth promoter on rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 6 rats were used and each rat was divided into 4 treatment areas: control, 1 smear a day, 2 smears a day, and 3 smears a day. The parameters are hair length and irritation reaction. Data were collected on day 6th, 9th, 12th and 15th. Descriptive analysis was initially performed to examine the trend of the data. Based on the trend of the data, the treatment of 1 smear a day showed a slight increase in hair length. Subsequently, ANOVA one-way and Tukey tests were conducted to determine the statistical significance of the results. The statistical analysis results indicated that avocado oil did not have a significant effect as a hair growth promoter. Furthermore, no signs of irritation were observed on the application site of the rats. In conclusion, while the descriptive analysis suggested 1 smear a day of avocado oil show effects as hair growth promoter, however the subsequent statistical analysis only support little significant effect.
Keyword: avocado oil, hair growth, irritation

Judul: Potential Effect of Apple Juice (Malus domestica) as Hair Growth Promoter in Rat (Rattus norvegicus)
Abstrak: Rambut berfungsi untuk memberikan kehangatan, perlindungan, keindahan serta penunjang penampilan. Kerontokan rambut yang dapat mengakibatkan kebotakan merupakan salah satu problema yang paling dikhawatirkan setiap orang. Kebotakan biasanya di obati dengan mengonsumsi obat tertentu namun keamanan dari obat-obatan tersebut belum tentu terjamin. Bahan alami menjadi salah satu alternatif yang dapat dipilih, diantaranya adalah sari buah apel (Malus domestica). Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji dan mempelajari efektivitas sari buah apel sebagai penumbuh rambut serta menganalisis frekuensi pengolesan terbaik dengan parameter pertumbuhan rambut dan reaksi iritasi pada tikus (Rattus norvegicus). Sebanyak 6 ekor tikus dibagi menjadi 4 perlakuan pada masing-masing tikus yaitu kontrol (tidak diberi olesan), 1 kali oles sehari, 2 kali oles sehari, dan 3 kali oles sehari. Pengukuran panjang rambut tikus dilakukan pada hari ke-6, 9, 12, dan 15 serta menganalisis skor eritema dan edema atau Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sari buah apel memiliki efek yang signifikan sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan rambut. Pemberian olesan sebanyak 3 kali sehari menjadi kelompok dengan frekuensi pemberian olesan terbaik karena memiliki perbedaan nyata terhadap kelompok kontrol. Tidak ada reaksi iritasi yang ditimbulkan dari sari buah apel saat dilakukan uji iritasi pada tikus., Hair serves to provide warmth, protection, beauty, and for better appearance. Hair loss which can lead to baldness is one of the major concerns for everyone. Baldness is usually treated by taking certain drugs, but the safety of these drugs is not guaranteed. Natural ingredients are an alternative option as treatment, including apple cider (Malus domestica). This study aims to test and study the effectiveness of apple cider as hair growth promoter and to analyze the best application frequency with parameters of hair growth and irritation reactions in rats (Rattus norvegicus). A total of 6 rats were divided into 4 treatment areas in each individual, namely control (not given a spread), 1 smear a day, 2 smears a day, and 3 smears a day. The hair length measurements of the rats were carried out on the 6th, 9th, 12th, and 15th days and analyzed the erythema and edema scores or the Primary Dermal Irritation Index (PDII). The results showed that apple cider has a significant effect as a hair growth promoter. Applying 3 smears a day is the group with the best smearing frequency because it has a significant difference from the control group. There was no irritation reaction caused by apple cider when the irritation test was carried out on rats.
Keyword: kebotakan, penumbuh rambut, reaksi iritasi, sari buah apel

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf