Judul: Fish behavior analysis for environmentally friendly technology in fishing process of bagan Rambo (large-type liftnet with light attraction)
Abstrak: Bagan rambo adalah tipe liftnet berukuran besar, menggunakan jaring yang berbentuk kotak dengan ukuran mata jaring 0,5 cm. Dalam pengoperasiannya digunakan lampu merkuri untuk menarik perhatian spesies ikan pelagis. Jumlah lampu yang digunakan mencapai 64 buah dengan total kekuatan cahaya 14 - 20 kW. Penelitian lapangan dan laboratorium telah dilakukan untuk menganalisis tingkah laku ikan dalam hubungannya dengan proses penangkapan untuk mewujudkan teknologi ramah lingkungan dalam proses penangkapan pada bagan rambo., Bagan Rambo is a large type of liftnet with fine meshed of box-shaped netting 0.5 cm mesh size, operated with electric mercury lamp for attracting pelagic species. The number of mercury bulb used for the bagan Rambo is up to 64 units for total light intensity of 14-20 Kw. The field and laboratory research was conducted to analysis fish behavior in relation to capture process for the purpose to establish the environmentally friendly technology of bagan Rambo fishery.
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Judul: Efektivitas Lampu Tabung pada Perikanan Bagan
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of tubular lamp construction to attract organisms in floating bamboo lift net and the best time interval to operate floating bamboo lift net. Lamp construction consisted of standard lamp, lamp with reflector, underwater lamp, and surface lamp without reflector as control. The research was started while floating lift net using lamps without reflector at 07.00 pm to 10.00 pm; the lamp with reflector between 10.00 pm to 01.00 am; and underwater lamp between 01.00 am to 04.00 am. The lamp operation series was changed at each floating bamboo lift net operation. Every lamp construction was operated 1-3 times in a time interval. Collected data were light illumination of each lamp construction in water, and weight and species composition of caught organisms. Data were showed on tables and graphs. Data analysis used descriptive comparative methods. The result of this research indicated that tubular lamp construction with reflector and underwater lamp had the best distribution light on floating bamboo lift net operation. Light penetration of both lamps were about 9 and 10 m, respectively. The standard tubular lamp spread in all direction with maximum light penetration of 6 m. Time interval between 07.00 pm to 10.00 pm and 01.00 am to 04.00 am were the effective time to catch organisms. Both time intervals produced 119.8 kg and 125.2 kg. While, time interval between 10.00 pm to 01.00 am was only 41.3 kg. The organisms that was caught by floating bamboo lift net consisted of 4 positive phototaxis organisms and 4 predator organisms. The positive phototaxis organisms were mackerel, indian mackerel, anchovy, and trasi shrimp. While the predator were hairtails, silver pomfret, cuttlefish, and little tuna. Lift net with underwater lamp caught heavier organisms than those tubular lamp with reflector and standard lamp, i.e. 151,7 kg, 95,9 kg and 65,6 kg in weight.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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