Judul: Pola Komunikasi Orang Tua Tunggal dalam Membentuk Kemandirian Anak (Kasus di Kota Yogyakarta)
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1) Mengkaji pola komunikasi orang tua tunggal dalam membentuk kemandirian anak; (2) Menganalisis hubungan antara lingkungan dan karakteristik orang tua tunggal dengan pola komunikasi; (3) Menganalisis hubungan antara lingkungan dan karakteristik orang tua tunggal dengan kemandirian anak. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan pengumpulan data menggunakan metode survey dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 25 orang tua tunggal yang ditentukan berdasarkan dokumen Pengadilan Agama Yogyakarta, dan wawancara mendalam dengan 10 orang tua tunggal. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Pola komunikasi interaksi dan transaksi berperan dominan dalam membentuk kemandirian anak melalui penanaman kesadaran untuk mandiri kepada anak dan melatih anak mandiri; (2) Faktor lingkungan tidak ada hubungannya dengan pola komunikasi tetapi karakteristik orang tua tunggal ada hubungannya dengan pola komunikasi; (3) Faktor lingkungan dan karakteristik orang tua tunggal ada hubungannya dengan kemandirian anak.
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Judul: Hubungan antara pola komunikasi orang tua dan anak dengan prestasi belajar anak: kasus di Desa Bendungan dan desa Banjarwaru, kecamatan Ciawi, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Pola komunikasi orang tua yang tepat, bermanfaat terhadap anak. Hal ini penting dan perlu mendapat perhatian karena di duga akan mempengaruhi prestasi belajar anak di sekolah. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui: 1) Perbedaan pola komunikasi antara ibu bekerja nafkah dengan ibu tidak bekerja nafkah dengan anak. 2) Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pola komunikasi orang tua dan anak. 3) Hubungan antara pola komunikasi orang tua dan anak dengan prestasi belajar anak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di enam Sekolah Dasar Negeri, masing-masing barada di Desa Bendungan dan Desa Banjarwaru Kecamatan Ciawi Kabupaten Bogor. Lokasi dipilih secara purposif berdasarkan pertimbangan bahwa: Lokasi ini merupakan perbatasan antara Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta dengan Jawa Barat. Lokasi ini banyak dihuni oleh masyarakat dari berbagai macam status sosial, heterogen dan beragam tingkat sosial ekonominya. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah Cluster Random Sampling, dengan sample digolongkan kedalam dua kelompok. Jumlah sampel sebanyak 73 orang diambil secara proporsive (15% dari populasi). Masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari keluarga ibu bekerja nafkah dan 36 keluarga ibu tidak bekerja nafkah.
Keyword: Communication, Parents

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable