Judul: Deteksi Estrus Sapi Potong Dengan Metode Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging (DITI)
Abstrak: Deteksi estrus yang akurat sangat penting pada ternak terutama yang pada ternak dengan perkawinan melaui program inseminasi buatan. Kegagalan untuk mendeteksi perilaku estrus dan kesalahan mendeteksi estrus menyebabkan kesalahan dalam waktu melakukan inseminasi buatan. Saat ini, sebagian besar alat dan metode yang digunakan untuk mendeteksi estrus masih tergolong pemeriksaan invasif. Kebanyakan pemeriksaan invasif menyebabkan stres pada hewan karena perlakuan yang diberikan. Oleh karena itu, perlu dikembangkan suatu metode atau alat untuk mendeteksi estrus yang dapat digunakan dalam pemeriksaan non-invasif. Digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) adalah teknik non-invasif yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi gradien suhu permukaan tubuh yang diharapkan dapat membedakan saat hewan estrus. Metode yang digunakan adalah pengambilan citra termal inframerah (IRT) pada labia vulva dan vestibulum vagina masing-masing hewan menggunakan kamera termal. Rata-rata temperatur tubuh pada hari estrus (H0) 38.77± 0.32 C, 38.1± 0.91 C, 37.83± 0.88 C, masing-masing dihitung menggunakan kamera termal dari jarak jauh 50 cm, 100 cm dan 150 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode digital infrared thermal imaging (DITI) dapat digunakan untuk membedakan suhu tubuh saat estrus.
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Judul: Utilization of Infrared Thermography Technology for Estrous Detection in various Limousin-cross and Simmental-cross Cattle Breeds
Abstrak: Infrared thermography merupakan metode penginderaan non-invasif untuk mendeteksi suhu tubuh. Suhu tersebut dapat digunakan untuk menilai kondisi kesehatan hewan seperti estrus dan tingkat stres. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui keakuratan infrared thermography dalam mendeteksi estrus pada sapi indukan Peranakan Limousin dan Peranakan Simmental serta pengaruh suhu dan kelembapan lingkungan terhadap suhu permukaan tubuh. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian adalah suhu dan kelembapan kandang, respon fisiologis (suhu rektal, frekuensi pulsus dan napas) dan suhu permukaan tubuh (mata, muzzle, telinga dan vulva). Suhu permukaan tubuh sapi Peranakan Limousin tidak memiliki perbedaan nyata (p>0,05) antara sapi estrus dan non-estrus, sedangkan suhu permukaan tubuh sapi Peranakan Simmental memiliki perbedaan nyata (p<0,05) antara sapi estrus dan non-estrus. Respon fisiologis kedua jenis sapi tersebut tidak memiliki perbedaan nyata (p>0,05) antara sapi estrus dan non-estrus. Peningkatan suhu disebabkan oleh adanya peningkatan aliran darah karena lonjakan LH (Luteinizing hormone), dan tingginya hormon estrogen dalam sirkulasi. Koefisien korelasi antara respon fisiologis dan suhu permukaan tubuh sapi dengan suhu serta kelembapan kandang sangat bervariasi karena faktor ini sangat berpengaruh terhadap perubahan panas dan proses termoregulasi tubuh. Infrared thermography termasuk dalam teknik non-invasif yang akurat untuk mendeteksi estrus pada sapi indukan Peranakan Simmental yang ditandai dengan adanya peningkatan suhu permukaan tubuh, Infrared thermography is a non-invasive sensing method used to detect animal body temperature. The temperature measurements can indicate the animal's health conditions, including estrous and stress levels. The study was conducted to determine the accuracy of Infrared Thermography in detecting estrous in Limousin-cross and Simmental-cross cattle breeds, as well as the effect of environmental temperature and humidity on body surface temperature when cows are in estrus or not. The parameters measured in the study included cage temperature and humidity, physiological responses (rectal temperature, pulse, and breath frequency), and body surface temperature (eye, muzzle, ear, and vulva). The body surface temperature of Limousin-cross showed no significant difference (p>0.05) between estrus and non-estrus. However, the body surface temperature of Simmental-cross showed a significant difference (p<0.05) between estrus and non-estrus. The physiological responses both of breeds had no significant difference (p>0.05) between estrus and non-estrus. This is because of the increase in blood flow due to the surge of LH (Luteinizing hormone), and the high of estrogen hormones in circulation. The correlation coefficients between physiological responses and body surface temperature of cattle with the environmental temperature and humidity varied widely because both factors greatly affect heat changes and thermoregulation process in the body. In conclusion, Infrared thermography is an accurate non-invasive technique to detect estrus in Simmental-cross characterized by an increase in body surface temperature.
Keyword: estrus, Infrared Thermography, Peranakan Limousin, Peranakan Simmental, respon fisiologis

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell