Judul: Manipulasi alat untuk mendapatkan ganjaran makanan di lar gibbons (Hylobates lar)
Abstrak: Tool manipulation in Hylobates lar has not been well documented in Malaysia. The main aim of this study is to assess whether lar gibbons are capable of manipulating objects to obtain a food reward. We assessed whether lar gibbons can learn to pull on a rake-like object to gain a food reward without specific training. The main task that is to be observed is the pulling of a rake-like rod to obtain a food reward with a time limit of 60 minutes. All the gibbons managed to obtain the reward at least once throughout the five trials. The gibbons are seen using a trial-error approach which proved to be successful in obtaining the reward. Female gibbons were also observed to be more cautious in attending to a new task or object compared to male gibbons. This can be seen when female gibbons made more interactions with tools prior successful trial compared to the male gibbons., Manipulasi alat di Hylobates lar belum didokumentasikan dengan baik di Malaysia. Tujuan utama dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menilai apakah owa lar mampu memanipulasi objek untuk mendapatkan ganjaran makanan. Kami menilai apakah owa lar dapat belajar menarik benda seperti penggaruk untuk mendapatkan ganjaran makanan tanpa pelatihan khusus. Tugas utama yang harus diamati adalah menarik garu seperti garu untuk mendapatkan ganjaran makanan dengan batas waktu 60 menit. Semua owa berhasil mendapatkan ganjaran setidaknya sekali selama lima percobaan. Owa terlihat menggunakan pendekatan trial-error yang terbukti berhasil mendapatkan ganjaran. Owa betina juga diamati lebih berhati-hati dalam mengerjakan tugas atau objek baru dibandingkan dengan owa jantan. Hal ini terlihat ketika owa betina lebih banyak berinteraksi dengan alat sebelum percobaan berhasil dibandingkan dengan owa jantan.
Keyword: food reward, gibbon, Hylobates lar, tool manipulation, ganjaran makanan, Hylobates lar, manipulasi alat, owa

Judul: Aktivitas Makan dan Status Gizi Owa Jawa (Hylobates moloch) di Pusat Primata Schmutzer Taman Margasatwa Ragunan Jakarta
Abstrak: Hylobates moloch is endemic Indonesian primate which live in Java. The population of javan gibbon is declining because of the loss of feeds due to the degradation of habitats. This research aims to identify feeding activities, type of feeds, and nutrient status of javan gibbon (Hylobates moloch) in Schmutzer Primate Centre Ragunan Zoo Jakarta. Feeding activities observation was performed using focal animal sampling method which done in the same time with feed palatability. Feeds were given once a day which consist of fruits, vegetables, eggs, and bread. Highest feeding activities was recorded in the feeding given by zoo keeper. Biting and swallowing are the highest was shown Kecil (juvenile) feeding activities of first cage (22.00%). Highest feeding activity in second cage made by Rano (male) was chewing (21.43%) and in the third cage was carried out by Eneng (female) which were biting, chewing, and swallowing each 23.31%. Based on the palatability rank in the three cages, kumak (Lactuca indica) and banana (Musa paradisiaca) was categorized as the most favored feed. Based on the nutrient status, it was obtained that dry materials were consumed 683,83 to 1099,03 g/cage/day, protein consumption 13,13 to 19,37 g/cage/day, fat consumption 4,58 to 8,51 g/cage/day, and energy consumption from 594,64 to 1154,50 kal/cage/day.
Keyword: 

Judul: Persamaan Korteweg-de Vries Orde Tinggi untuk Menggambarkan Gerak Gelombang Internal
Abstrak: The ocean can be considered of layers of fluid that each layer has a constant density. Internal waves are waves occur in the interface of every'two layers with different density. Because it occures underneath the surface of the ocean, it is invisible. One of internal waves is internal solitary waves. One of formulation that can describe intemal waves movement is KdV equation. KdV equation is derived from governing equations of ideal fluid in Lagrange formulation using asymptotic method. On this thesis, KdV equation is derived in higher order and then its solution is derived by using internal solitary waves assumption. An example of a two-layer fluid is a case will be used. By using Mathematica6 software, for this case will be obtained the coefficients in lower and higher order explicitly and the corresponding between coefficients and relative lower layer depths and fluid depths, the corresponding between coefficients and relative densities, and also observed the different between solitary waves in lower and higher order.
Keyword: