Judul: Karakterisasi Molekuler Padi Transgenik dengan Beberapa Metode Isolasi DNA
Abstrak: Rice is a major food commodity for agroindustrial country. Grain size is a major determinant of grain quality. One attempt that has been made in research to increase rice production is assembly of transgenic plants inserted with Os-GS3 (Oryza sativa Grain Size 3) gene. The material used in this study is cultivar Taipei 309. Rice plants that have been inserted with Os-GS3 gene were grown and the presence of the genes was analyzed through molecular characterization by PCR and Southern hybridization. DNA isolation methods used in this study were the simple method, miniprep scale, and large scale. They were compared to obtain the most efficient method in terms of turnaround time and resources used for PCR and Southern hybridization. PCR analysis of the three methods produced bands of the same size, in that 500 bp. Southern hybridization test of the DNA isolated using the large scale method produced bands or copy genes, where as that isolated using miniprep method did not produce band. The fast scale method is the most efficient DNA isolation method for PCR analysis, where as the large scale method is the most efficient DNA isolation method for Southern hybridization. The results in the silencing of gene expression of Os-GS3 with antisense RNA was successful when 4 transgenes integrated into the plant genome.
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Judul: Isolasi dan Kloning Gen Sitokinin Oksidase (OsCKX) Pengendali Sifat Produktivitas dari Padi Varietas Ciherang
Abstrak: Gn1a/OsCKX gene (grain number 1a/Cytokinin Oxidase) of rice (Oryza sativa L.) that encodes cytokinin oxidase has been identified as a quantitative trait loci that contribute to an increase in the number of grains of rice. This study aimed to isolate an OsCKX gene from rice cv. Ciherang. Amplification of OsCKX gene was done by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique using specific primer pairs and cDNA template of rice cv. Ciherang. Subsequently, OsCKX gene fragment was cloned into a cloning vector pGEM-T Easy using T4-ligase enzyme and transformed into competent cell Escherichia coli Dh5α through heat shock method, and grown on LB agar medium containing ampicillin. Result showed that amplification with specific primers of OsCKX gene generated an amplicon fragment with size of ± 2000 bp. The gene fragment was succesfully cloned into pGEM-T vector and transformed into cells of E. coli Dh5α. Verification of recombinant clone by cutting using two restriction enzymes SmaI and KpnI regenerated two bands of 3015 bp (pGEM-T Easy vector) and 2000 bp (OsCKX gene fragment).
Keyword: rice (Oryza sativa L.), restriction enzymes, pGEM-T Easy vector, OsCKX gene, gene isolation, Cloning

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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