Judul: Estimasi Nilai Kerugian Ekonomi dan Upaya Mitigasi Terhadap Bencana Longsor (Studi Kasus : Desa Cibunian, Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: Landslides often caused casualties and material losses. Landslides continued to occur every year in Cibunian village, especially during the rainy season. This studied aims to provided information related to factors causing landslides, landslide risk assessment, estimation of economic losses due to landslides and recommendations for landslide mitigation and adaptation strategies. The methods used include disaster risk calculation, actual market price approached, costed of illness, loss of income, and qualitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the factors causing landslides in Cibunian village were high rainfall and lack of greenery. The analysis of disaster risk leveled shows that one rw fell into the high risk category, while the other rw fell into the medium risk category. The estimated valued of economic losses due to landslides reached rp 5,012,702,332, including community losses of rp 133,202,332 and losses borne by the government of rp 4,879,500,000. Recommendations for mitigation strategies that could been applied include reducing the birth rate, implementing building codes, and increasing community capacity.
Keyword: adaptation, economic loss estimation, landslide, landslide risk

Judul: Estimasi Nilai Kerugian Ekonomi dan Upaya Mitigasi terhadap Bencana Longsor (Studi Kasus: Desa Petir, Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: Desa Petir, Kabupaten Bogor merupakan salah satu daerah di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang cukup sering mengalami tanah longsor. Bencana longsor menimbulkan kerugian ekonomi bagi masyarakat Desa Petir. Lokasi bencana longsor di Desa Petir digolongkan menjadi tiga zona yaitu zona kerentanan gerakan tanah tinggi, zona kerentanan gerakan tanah menengah dan zona kerentanan gerakan tanah rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) Mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya bencana longsor dan persepsi masyarakat mengenai bencana longsor di Desa Petir, (2) Mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi masyarakat akibat longsor di Desa Petir, (3) Mengidentifikasi upaya mitigasi masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam mengatasi bencana longsor di Desa Petir. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif, pendekatan harga pasar, cost of illness, opportunity cost, dan preventive expenditure. Faktor-faktor penyebab terjadinya bencana longsor di Desa Petir adalah penggunaan lahan yang tidak seimbang, kemiringan lereng yang curam, dan curah hujan yang tinggi. Persepsi responden menyatakan bahwa responden mengetahui Desa Petir merupakan kawasan rawan longsor, responden merasa nyaman walaupun tinggal di lokasi rawan longsor, responden menyatakan lokasi tempat tinggal telah sesuai untuk dijadikan pemukiman, dan responden merasa aktivitas ekonomi mereka terganggu akibat peristiwa bencana longsor Hasil analisis data menunjukkan nilai total kerugian ekonomi masyarakat yang timbul akibat bencana longsor di Desa Petir tahun 2015 adalah sebesar Rp406 115 012.40. Persentase kerugian terbesar terjadi di zona kerentanan gerakan tanah tinggi dengan biaya total sebesar Rp193 292 957.40 atau sebesar 47.60 persen dari total nilai kerugian keseluruhan. Nilai kerugian ekonomi yang didapatkan mendorong masyarakat dan pemerintah dalam melakukan upaya mitigasi seperti pembuatan tembok penahan tanah, penanaman pohon di sekitar lereng yang curam, pengawasan terhadap izin mendirikan bangunan, pelatihan dasar kebencanaan, sosialisasi peningkatan kewaspadaaan masyarakat, dan pembuatan tanda-tanda peringatan rawan bencana longsor.
Keyword: bencana, kerugian, mitigasi, persepsi

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: