Judul: Dampak Liberalisasi Perdagangan dan Peningkatan Permintaan Pariwisata terhadap Kinerja Ekonomi Makro dan Sektoral di Indonesia
Abstrak: The liberalization will offer renewed and enhanced opportunities to increase productivity and raise incomes. There are several bilateral and regional agreements on trade liberalization, such as the ASEAN-China Free Trade Area (ACFTA), and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) FTA. The end-goal of economic integration is establishing the ASEAN Economic Community as outlined in ASEAN Vision 2015. Consequently, there is a free flow of goods, services and investment, a free flow of capital as well as equitable economic development, and reduced poverty and socio-economic disparities in the ASEAN region. This study is examined the economy-wide impact of trade liberalization for the Indonesian economy by using the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model. The impact of liberalization is examined via tariff reductions, combination tariff reduction and tourism growth. Tourism is a growing and important industry in both developed and developing countries. It is also an important source of earning foreign exchange and provides employment opportunities for domestic labor. Generally, tourist consumption in the receiving country is predominantly of non-traded goods and services. Tourism is increasingly becoming a significant part on global trade. It is one of the top five export categories, and accounted for almost 83 percent of countries in the world. According to the Indonesia Tourism Satellite Accounts 2009, total economic transaction created by tourism activity in 2009 reached Rp504,69 trillion or 4,80 percent of total output. This study has shown that liberalization combined with tourism growth can, in fact, reduce the domestic price level and increase the amount of foreign trade and availability of products in the domestic economy, thereby stimulating further production. The result of this study is improved the Indonesia’s macroeconomic performance and welfare, as domestic absorption, and household consumption increase. Tourists are also better off for they can consume more, given their spending level, and also benefit from the greater availability of products. The trade balance deficits are of concern, indicating the need for appropriate accompanying policies, such as the tourism promotion and investment in infrastructure, underpinned by the growing service sector.
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Judul: Impact of the trade liberalization on the Indonesian economy performance: a macro-econometricsapproach
Abstrak: Perkembangan ekonomi dunia dewasa ini telah mengarah pada tatanan hubungan ekonomi secara global, dan lndonesia telah ikut serta dalam sistem tersebut setelah menanda tangani Kesepakatan Umum Tarif dan Perdagangan Multilateral GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade) melalui WTO yang akan mulai diimplementasi pada tahun 2005. Disamping itu lndonesia ikut pula dalam kesepakatan APEC (Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation) dan AFTA (ASEAN Free Trade Area). Walaupun saat ini Indonesia sedang dilanda krisis ekonomi namun perubahan lingkungan global yang mengarah pada diberlakukannya liberalisasi perdagangan merupakan tantangan eksternal yang makin serius dan pasti. Bagaimana dampak liberalisasi perdagangan khususnya terhadap negara berkembang masih terus diperdebatkan bahkan menimbulkan pendapat aliran optimistik maupun pesimistik. Studi-studi empirik yang telah dilakukan secara umum mendukung konsep bahwa perdagangan bebas akan meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat secara agregat, namun diakui pula bahwa manfaat yang diterima setiap negara tidaklah sama, ada yang lebih diuntungkan atau sebaliknya., The world economy is currently developed toward the global economic relationship system. Indonesia has taken a part in the system as soon as it signed the commitment about General Agreement of Tariffs and Trade (GATT) of WTO. This agreement will be implemented in the year of 2005. Besides, Indonesia has also participated in other agreements like Asia Pasific Economic Cooperation (APEC) and Asean Free Trade Area (AFTA). Though nowadays Indonesia is facing economic and monetary crisis, changes in global environment directed to the implementation of trade liberalization are serious external coercion for Indonesian economy.
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Judul: Studi kasus tumor hemangiosarcoma dan cholangiocellular carcinoma pada anjing ras herder(German shepherd)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui morfopatologi tumor pada anjing ras German Shepherd berumur 8 tahun dengan jenis kelamin betina. Anamnese yang dapat diperoleh berupa nilai Hb dan Eritrosit rendah ssedangkan nilai SGOT, Alkalis fosfatase dan Kreatinin tinggi. Hewan mati disebabkan hewan mengalami anemia. Temuan patologi anatomi menunjukkan adanya dua massa tumor. Pertama massa tumor pada ruang abdominal dengan ukuran 35x25x20 cm dengan berat 2,5 kg berwarna belang merah tua dan putih. konsistensi firm. Secara histopatologi massa tumor terdiri dari sel-sel pipih dengan inti lonjong dengan susunan sangat renggang dengan stroma yang minimal. Pada beberapa bagian terlihat menunjukkan bahwa sel-sel tersebut membentuk lumen buluh darah baru disertai perdarahan dan nekrosis. Massa tumor ini di diagnosis sebagai hemangiosarcoma, bermetastasis ke mesenterium dan limpa. Tumor yang kedua ditemukan pada hati. terdiri dari sel-sel kubis yang mempunyai ukuran sangat bervariasi dengan inti bulat. Di beberapa bagian sel-sel tersebut membentuk pembuluh dengan ukuran dan bentuk yang bervariasi. Massa tumor ini di diagnosis sebagai cholangiocellular carcinoma.
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