Judul: Dynamic model of Economic Growth with Variable Time Diskret Fiscal and Monetary Policy.
Abstrak: This paper is a scientific analysis on how fiscal and monetary policies affect economic growth (related to the amount of money and consumption). Model is essentially a budget constraint the household sector for the period of time. Budget constraints that made equality of conditions that describes the ability of households and the government to pay for the expenses / pay off debts. Objective function that optimized is a function which is the utility function of consumption and real money. Then conducted a qualitative analysis on the optimal trajectory for the influence of nominal interest rates and inflation on the dynamics of consumption and real money demand (the case of Bernoulli type utility function). Finally, I analyze the influence of several fiscal and monetary decisions on the optimal trajectory. The results form an objective function that is affected by the level of inflation. Keywords: Economic Growth, Fiscal Policy, Monetary Policy, Maximum Principles.
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Judul: Model pertumbuhan pengeluaran publik dengan pendekatan fungsi logistik
Abstrak: Economic growth can be detected from increasing ratio between public expenditure with national income. Some theories can be applied to explain this ratio level as well as public expenditure per capita, i.e. Wagner’s Law and Pigou’s Conjecture. Wagner’s Law is an exponential model of growth process from ratio between public expenditure with national income. While Pigou’s Conjecture describes that tax excess could act as a brake for public commodity supplies. The economic growth will be modeled in this paper by combining Wagner’s Law and Pigou’s Conjecture. The model is a nonlinear differential equation of the ratio. This equation is also known as Verhulst’s logistic equation. Logistic equation is an equation that describes population growth in an environment with considering environment’s limited support capability. Integration of Verhulst’s equation produces an S-curve. Further more, Wagner’s Law and Pigou’s Conjecture are combined and applied to illustrate the economic growth model of some developed countries (America, Italy, Germany, France, and England) as well as Indonesia. The resulted models are in the form of S-curve described earlier, which tends to increase and converge to a certain level. Therefore, combination of Wagner’s Law and Pigou’s Conjecture is suitable to model the data being observed and can be used to analyze dynamics of public expenditure.
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Judul: Isolasi dan pencirian komponen hemotoksin bisa ular kobra
Abstrak: Bisa ular kobra (Naja sputatrix) diyakini sangat berkhasiat untuk menyembuhkan berbagai penyakit yang berhubungan dengan trombosis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengisolasi dan mencirikan komponen hemotoksin bisa ular kobra dan pengujiannya dengan menggunakan sel darah merah sapi untuk aktivitas hemolisis dan fibrinolisis. Uji aktivitas dilakukan terhadap ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom bisa ular kobra. Fraksi kolom diperoleh dari pemurnian ekstrak kasar menggunakan kromatografi filtrasi gel (Sephadex G-75) untuk memperoleh fraksi-fraksi dengan serapan tertinggi pada panjang gelombang 280 nm. Pengukuran kandungan protein diukur serapan tertinggi pada ekstrak kasar dan fraksi kolom. Selanjutnya, penentuan bobot molekul pada fraksi aktif hasil uji aktivitas hemolisis dilakukan dengan cara elektroforesis SDS PAGE. Bisa ular kobra merupakan cairan pekat berwarna kuning dengan kadar air 28.22 %. Berdasarkan hasil uji aktivitas, bisa ular memiliki aktivitas hemolisis dan fibrinolisis sel darah merah sapi. Hasil elektroforesis fraksi 3 memiliki bobot molekul 189.2, 116.5, 54.7, 30.2, 27.2, 21.9, dan 16.7 (kD). Fraksi 4 memiliki bobot molekul 222.4, 189.2, 75.6, 54.7, 27.2, dan 21.9 (kD).
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