Judul: Antioxidant Capacity and Inhibitory Activity of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 by Curcuminoids from the tert-Butanol Fraction of Javanese Turmeric
Abstrak: Temulawak mengandung metabolit sekunder kurkuminoid yang dapat berperan sebagai antioksidan dan berpotensi menghambat enzim matriks metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) secara simulasi penambatan molekul. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengukur kapasitas antioksidan dan aktivitas inhibisi MMP-1 oleh fraksi tert-butanol rimpang temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza). Metode ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil maserasi difraksinasi menggunakan ammonium sulfat 30% dan tert-butanol:aquades (1:1). Kadar kurkuminoid dianalisis menggunakan High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) dengan kadar kurkuminoid total sebesar 92,54 mg/g. Kapasitas antioksidan fraksi tert-butanol temulawak diuji menggunakan metode CUPRAC dan ABTS dengan diperoleh berturut-turut sebesar 552,74 ± 39,15 dan 529,94 ± 48,89 µmol AAE/g fraksi. Uji penghambatan MMP-1 menggunakan substrat tiopeptida menunjukkan fraksi tert-butanol temulawak dapat berperan sebagai inhibitor dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 33,12 µg/mL., Javanese turmeric contained secondary metabolites of curcuminoids that can act as antioxidants and potentially inhibit the enzyme matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) by simulating molecular docking. This study aimed to measure the antioxidant capacity and inhibitory activity of MMP-1 by tert-butanol fraction of Javanese turmeric rhizome (Curcuma xanthorrhiza). The extraction method was carried out by maceration with 96% ethanol solvent. The results of maceration were liquid:liquid fractionation using 30% ammonium sulfate and tert-butanol:distilled water (1:1). Curcuminoid levels were analyzed using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), resulting the total curcuminoid content was 92.54 mg/g. The antioxidant capacity of the temulawak tert-butanol fraction was tested using the CUPRAC and ABTS methods resulting 552.74 ± 39.15 and 529.94 ± 48.89 µmol AAE/g fraction. Matrix metalloproteinase-1 inhibition test using thiopeptide substrate showed temulawak tert-butanol fraction can act as an inhibitor with an IC50 value of 33.12 µg/mL.
Keyword: Temulawak, kolagen, kurkuminoid, matriks metalloproteinase-1

Judul: Antioxidant Activity and Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 Inhibition by Curcuminoids from the Ethanol Fraction of Temulawak
Abstrak: Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrrhiza Roxb.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki senyawa kurkuminoid yang dapat berperan dalam menginhibisi aktivitas dari matriks metalloproteinase-1. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dan penghambatan enzim MMP-1 dari fraksi etanol kurkuminoid temulawak. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah maserasi, fraksinasi etanol, KCKT, uji inhibisi MMP-1, dan uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode CUPRAC dan ABTS. Hasil menunjukkan kadar air dari fraksi etanol temulawak sebesar 9,21 dan rendemen sebesar 5,89%. Kadar total kurkuminoid didapatkan sebanyak 183,47 mg/g. Hasil uji inhibisi MMP-1 didapatkan nilai IC50 33,42 µg/mL dan uji antioksidan menggunakan metode CUPRAC didapat aktivitas antioksidan 870,52±4,87 µmol AAE/g fraksi dan metode ABTS sebesar 647,15±32,02 µmol AAE/g fraksi. Hasil ini menunjukkan bahwa temulawak dapat menginhibisi MMP-1 dengan baik dan merupakan antioksidan yang baik., Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) is a plant that contains curcuminoid compounds capable of inhibiting the activity of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1). This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity and MMP-1 enzyme inhibition of the ethanol fraction of temulawak curcuminoids. The methods used in the research include maceration, ethanol fractionation, HPLC, MMP-1 inhibition assay, and antioxidant activity assay using the CUPRAC and ABTS methods. The results showed that the moisture content of the ethanol fraction of temulawak was 9.21% and the yield was 5.89%. The total curcuminoid content obtained from HPLC was 183.47 mg/g. The MMP-1 inhibition assay results showed an IC50 value of 33.42 µg/mL. The antioxidant activity assay using the CUPRAC method showed an antioxidant activity of 870.52±4.87 µmol AAE/g fraction, and the ABTS method showed an activity of 647.15±32.02 µmol AAE/g fraction. These results indicate that temulawak can effectively inhibit MMP1 and is a good antioxidant.
Keyword: Curcuma xanthorriza, Antioxidant, matrix metalloproteinase-1, inhibition

Judul: Zero-inflated negative binomial models in small area estimation.
Abstrak: The problem of over-dispersion in Poisson data is usually solved by introducing prior distributions which lead to negative binomial models. Poisson data sometime is also suffered by excess zero problems, a condition when data contains too many zero or exceeds the distribution's expectation. Zero Inflated Negative Binomial (ZINB) method can be utilized to solve such problems. This paper demonstrates the adaption of ZINB methods in Small Area Estimation with excess zero data. It is shown that the excess zero problem has substantially influenced the Empirical Bayes (EB) estimates, and the adaption of ZINB methods has improved the precision and reliability of the estimates. Key Words: Small Area Estimation, Zero-Inflation, Poisson-Gamma, Negative Binomial Regression, Empirical Bayes
Keyword: