Judul: Kinerja Produksi dan Usaha Budidaya Ikan Cardinal Tetra  (Paracheirodon axelrodi) dengan Aplikasi Dosis Ekstrak  Daun Ketapang yang Berbeda
Abstrak: Ikan cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) merupakan salah satu jenis ikan hias yang memiliki peluang pasar ekspor. Pengembangan produksi ikan tersebut dapat dilakukan melalui perbaikan teknologi budidaya, misalnya dengan aplikasi ekstrak daun ketapang. Daun ketapang memiliki senyawa yang memiliki peran penting yang dapat meningkatkan laju pertumbuhan ikan hias. Lokasi penelitian berada di Jaenal Farm di Bojongsari, Depok, Jawa Barat. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis peran ekstrak daun ketapang pada budidaya ikan cardinal tetra. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Perlakuan berupa aplikasi dosis ekstrak daun ketapang, yaitu 0 ppm (P0), 250 ppm (P2), 500 ppm (P5), dan 750 ppm (P7). Ikan yang digunakan adalah ikan cardinal tetra dengan ukuran panjang (1,73±0,12) cm dan bobot (0,19±0,05) g. Hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa penggunaan 500 ppm ekstrak daun ketapang memberikan hasil terbaik, baik pada kinerja produksi maupun kinerja usaha. Hasil kinerja produksi pada perlakuan tersebut adalah tingkat kelangsungan hidup 92,93±0,83%, laju pertumbuhan spesifik bobot 2,75±0,19%/hari, laju pertumbuhan spesifik panjang 1,96±0,04%/hari, laju pertumbuhan bobot mutlak 0,0067±0,0007 g/hari, laju pertumbuhan panjang mutlak 0,045±0,001 cm/hari, koefisien keragaman bobot 19,66±2,15%, koefisien keragaman panjang 11,60±0,34%, serta RKP 1,8±0,2. Kinerja usaha terbaik pada perlakuan tersebut ditunjukkan dari nilai R/C 1,31 dan PP 0,79., Cardinal tetra fish (Paracheirodon axelrodi) is one of the ornamental fish species that has export market opportunities. Development of fish production can be done through improvements in cultivation technology, for example with the application of ketapang leaf extract. Ketapang leaves have compounds that have an important role that can increase the growth rate of ornamental fish. The research location was at Jaenal Farm in Bojongsari, Depok, West Java. The purpose of this study was to analyze the role of ketapang leaf extract in the cultivation of cardinal tetra fish. The study used a completely randomized design with four treatments and three replicates. The treatments were the application of ketapang leaf extract doses, namely 0 ppm (P0), 250 ppm (P2), 500 ppm (P5), and 750 ppm (P7). The fish used were cardinal tetra fish with a length of (1.73 ± 0.12) cm and a weight of (0.19 ± 0.05) g. The results showed that the use of 500 ppm of ketapang leaf extract was effective in reducing the weight of the fish. The results stated that the use of 500 ppm ketapang leaf extract gave the best results, both in production performance and business performance. The results of production performance in the treatment were the survival rate of 92.93 ± 0.83%, specific growth rate of weight 2.75 ± 0.19%/day, specific growth rate of length 1.96 ± 0.04%/day, absolute weight growth rate 0.0067 ± 0.0007 g/day, absolute length growth rate 0.045 ± 0.001 cm/day, coefficient of variation of weight 19.66 ± 2.15%, coefficient of variation of length 11.60 ± 0.34%, and RKP 1.8 ± 0.2. The best business performance in the treatment was indicated by the R/C value of 1.31 and PP of 0.79.
Keyword: almond leaf, business performance, ornamental fish tetra, production performance

Judul: Production and Business Performance of Cardinal Tetra Fish (Paracheirodon axelrodi) Cultivation with a Water Change System at Stocking Densities of 4, 6, and 8 fish/L
Abstrak: Ikan cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi) adalah salah satu jenis ikan hias yang banyak peminatnya dan sudah banyak dibudidayakan. Tingkat penebaran yang rendah akan menghasilkan laju pertumbuhan dan tingkat kelangsungan hidup ikan yang tinggi, dengan produktivitas rendah. Tingkat penebaran yang terlalu tinggi akan menyebabkan ikan berkompetisi terhadap pakan dan ruang gerak. Hal ini dapat menghambat laju pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan padat tebar yang terbaik pada usaha budidaya ikan cardinal tetra melalui kajian kinerja produksi dan kinerja usaha. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan tiga perlakuan dan tiga ulangan, yaitu perlakuan padat tebar 4, 6, dan 8 ekor/L. Pakan yang diberikan berupa pakan komersial berbentuk pelet. Sistem pengelolaan kualitas air yang digunakan adalah sistem pergantian air sebanyak 20%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan budidaya ikan cardinal tetra dengan padat tebar 8 ekor/L memberikan hasil produktivitas sebesar 81.680 ekor m-3 tahun-1, HPP senilai Rp684, R/C senilai 1,12, dan payback period yaitu 1,67 tahun. Kemudian data kualitas air pada perlakuan tersebut juga cenderung masih dalam batas optimal. Oleh karena itu dapat disimpulkan bahwa kinerja produksi dan kinerja usaha pada budidaya ikan cardinal tetra terbaik dihasilkan pada padat tebar 8 ekor/L., The cardinal tetra fish (Paracheirodon axelrodi) is a type of ornamental fish that is popular and is widely cultivated. Low stocking rates will result in high growth rates and fish survival rates, with low productivity. Stocking rates that are too high will cause fish to compete for food and space. This can inhibit the growth rate and survival rate of fish. This research aims to determine the best stocking density in the cardinal tetra fish cultivation business through a study of production performance and business performance. This study used a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replications, namely stocking density treatments of 4, 6, and 8 fish/L. The feed given is commercial feed in the form of pellets. The water quality management system used is a 20% water replacement system. The results of the research show that cultivating cardinal tetra fish with a stocking density of 8 fish/L provides productivity results of 81,680 fish m-3 year-1, cost of goods manufactured worth IDR 684, R/C ratio 1.12, and a payback period of 1.67 years. The water quality data for this treatment also tends to still be within optimal limits. Therefore, it can be concluded that the best production performance and business performance in cultivating cardinal tetra fish is produced at a stocking density of 8 fish/L.
Keyword: budidaya, cardinal tetra (Paracheirodon axelrodi), padat tebar, produksi, usaha, business, cultivation, production, stocking density

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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