Judul: Sustained small scale unit farm forest management in Cikalong District, Tasikmalaya Recidence, West Java Province
Abstrak: Development of small scale forest management units is now becoming a promising business unit to reduce the imbalance between of supply and demand of raw timber industry. The timber production from big companies is decreasing year by year. This study describes a development of small scale management unit of private forest that may produce timber sustainably as well as economically managable. The objective of this study is to determine how wide the smallest scale of a sustainable forest management unit (Small scale sustainable farm forest management unit) were able to contribute to social economic benefits of rural communities.The study was carried out in District Cikalong, Tasikmalaya Regence, West Java Province. Simple random sampling method and simple statistical analysis were used to estimate the standing stock of sengon farm private forests (volume and tree) and non parametric statistical analysis were use to know how the correlation between forest farmer’s motivation with sustained functions of farm forest management.The result shows that the annual yield fluctuatin of three sample districts relatively can be reached after five years and the yield regulation method based on increament and standing stock is suitable to be implementated on the yield regulaton of farm forest. This is due to its simplicity and practically implementable, even though the farmer have no much knowledge on yield regulation, The various of the scale area were depended on the how each farm forest be managed to qualify financially that showed the NPV-value more than one (NPV > 1). Small scale forest of Cikalong district shows that the minimal scale of unit farm forest management Cikalong district based on dusun is 27,02 ha in Dusun Cikalong (Cikalong village), 10,37 ha in Dusun (Tonjongsari village) and 62,82 ha in Dusun (Singkir village). On the otherhand the management of public forest would able to work properly when have formed organizations forest farmer groups led by the forest manager small scale unit (one or two villages) that similar to a forest farmer cooperation, a rule as well as an institution that work effectively to support develovepment community forest. All of the forest management activities were related to the farmer motivation in understanding the purpose of sustainable forest management. The motivation could be explained by four of twelve of the farmer characteristik factors. The result shows that farm forest have no much knowledge on the principles of sustained forest management benefit.
Keyword: sustainable management, small scale unit, farm forest, Forest Management, Cikalong, Tasikmalaya, West Java

Judul: Motivation of Farmers in Running the Business on Private Forest in Cingambul Village, Cingambul Sub-District, Majalengka
Abstrak: Demand of wood is increasing in line with the increase of population, but the potential of timber from natural forests decline: consequently, wood supply from forest plantations including private forest needs to be improved. On the other hand, the destruction of forests and land are still high. Government of Indonesia together with the community have implemented the efforts to rehabilitate critical land continuously. In many places, people, as the main actors of forestry development, have succeeded in developing private forests. In the social aspect, the development of private forests has been able to absorb sizeable workforce, both as farmers and as other actors of community forests (workers, cutting services providers, transportation services, marketing services and timber industry). According to the data provided by the Ministry of Forestry (MoF 2013), critical land in Indonesia covers the area of 27.294.842 hectares. The development of private forests seems very important to rehabilitate critical land. Farmers is the main actors in developing private forest. The succes of private forest is determined by their motivation beside the ability of farmers and business opportunities in implementing the private forest business. The research objectives were to: (1) analyze factors related to motivation of farmers in their business of private forest, (2) analyze the role of forests extension workers in the development of private forests, and (3) analyze the type of activities of farmers in the business of private forests. The research was conducted in Cingambul village, Cingambul Sub-District, Majalengka. A survey was conducted from July to August 2013. The analysis unit of research is private forest farmers households. A number of 81 selected as respondents of 101 private forest farmers. Primary data consists of: (1) factors related to the motivation of the farmers in the private forest bussines, namely: demographic characteristics (age, level of formal education, non-formal education, experience of private forest business, number of family dependents and level of the household needs), psychosocial characteristics (the perception of the benefits of private forests, attitudes of forest people toward their private forest business, status and social interaction of farmers), the characteristics of private forest business (land area, availability of plant species, availability of means of production, ease of marketing, and revenue of private forests business), forestry extension intensity (frequency of forest extension workers visit, suitability of the material, accuracy methods applied, and equipment availability in the extension activity), (2) the role of forestry extension workers in the development of private forests, and (3) the farmers activities in their private forest business. Data are collected through interviews, observation and documentation studies. Data are analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Spearman rank correlation), supported by SPSS 20 software. The research results are: (1) motivation of the farmers positif related: the perception of the benefits of private forests, attitudes of forest people toward their private forest business, availability of plant species, ease of marketing, frequency of forest extension workers visit, suitability of the material, equipment availability, and accuracy methods applied in the extension activity, (2) the dominant roles of forestry extension workers accords to the farmers are as a advisors,
Keyword: farmers private forests, motivation, private forest, role of forestry extension workers.

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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