Judul: Metode Pencarian dan Temu-Kembali Nama Berdasarkan Kesamaan Fonetik
Abstrak: Sistem temu-kembali informasi membandingkan query pengguna pada dokmnen-dokumen yang disimpan dalam berkas basis data. Beberapa pendekatan pembentukan turunan query telab dikembangkan untuk mengatasi ketidak jelasan akar kata yang akan dicari, salab satunya adalah dengan ukuran kesamaan fonetik. Ada beberapa algoritme dengan menggunakan pendekatan ini, yaitu Soundex dan Phonix yang dikembangkan berdasarkan kesamaan bunyi dalarn bahasa Inggris. Pada penelitian ini akan dibuktikan bahwa algoritme Phonix4 dan PhonixE memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik bila dibandingkan dengan algoritme Phonix8 dan Soundex. Hal ini terjadi karena kesederbanaan algoritme Phonix4 dan PhonixE, dimana kode filtering yang dibentuk tidak terlalu panjang dan penggolongan konsonan yang tidak terlalu sedikit. Akibatnya nilai precision menjadi tinggi, sedangkan tingkat recall-nya rendah. Selain kode yang biasa dipakai pada metode lainnya, PhonixE juga mempunyai kode untuk bunyi akhir sebanyak empat karakter. Tingkat recall yang dapat dipakai pada sistem temu-kembali informasi dengan metode Soundex dan Phonix8 adalab 0.2, sedangkan pada metode Phonix4 dan PhonixE adalah 0.1. AIgoritme Soundex dan Phonix walaupun dikembangkan untuk bahasa Inggris, temyata dapat bekerja dengan baik pada bahasa Indonesia. Hal tersebut karena bahasa Inggris dan Indonesia menggolongkan konsonan-konsonannya dengan keistimewaan-keistimewaan yang sarna.
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Judul: Sistem Temu Kembali Nama Ilmiah dengan Menggunakan Algoritme Fonetik
Abstrak: This research did document retrieval by its scientific name as the search keywords. The approach was taken by using the phonetics algorithm, Soundex, Phonix, and Metaphone. The purpose of this research is to apply the three algorithms phonetic similarity with combined technique, in terms of using exact matching, binary (N-Grams), and levensthein distance. So that expected to overcome the issue by using the search word two syllables. Documents used in this research were 100 documents that have been tagged. The word that has been tagged will be converted into specific code in accordance with phonetic algorithms, which will be calculated similarity with the input word. Search scientific name combined with similarity techniques succeed to solve the problem, whether it’s wrong typing or spelling words wrong as well as similarities in handling the search by using two syllables. This is indicated by the percentage of average precision (AVP) from the search result is equal to 77.8% (Soundex), 88% (Phonix), and 97.5% (Metaphone).
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Judul: Growth, Concentration Chlorophyll-a, and Structure of Macroalgae Gracilaria edulis in the Culture Media Containing Copper
Abstrak: The physiological responses (specific growth rate, concentration of chlorophyll-a, morphological and anatomical structure of the vegetative cells) of the marine macroalga Gracilaria edulis at the different concentrations of copper (0.01 as control, 0.04, 0.06 and 0,5 ppm) delivered continuously for 28 days under controlled laboratory conditions were investigated. Result showed that the degree of copper toxicity depends on both factor the concentration and exposure time. Copper concentration and day of exposure decreased significantly the specific growth rate (SGR) of the Gracilaria edulis but only 0,5 ppm Cu decreased the chlorophyll-a content when compared to control. Of the various physiological end points measured, growth proved to be the most sensitive response than chlorophyll-a with reductions in specific growth rate (SGR). The reason for this could be related to a greater sensitivity of the enzymes involved in growth than those related to chlorophyll-a or a greater energy needs to maintain cellular integrity and metabolic processes under sublethal Cu stress. In all cases, the main effect on vegetative cells were structure changes in cortex and subcortex cells, compared to control, macroalgae exposed to copper showed depigmentation and blending in the lateral branches, heavy staining of the cell wall and severe damage of cell membrane, while the mucilage and the cell walls was densely fibrillar, thick and heavily stained, the cortex cell was clearly vacuolated, the presence of endophytic on the cell wall and endophytic spores in the mucilage. The presence vacuoles should be related to a metal immobilization mechanism, minimizing the Cu toxicity for cells. The epiphytic bacteria can act as a biofilter diminishing the availability of Cu for macroalgae accumulation.
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