Judul: Aktivitas Antijerawat Ekstrak Kulit Bawang Merah (Allium cepa)
 dan Rumput Laut Merah (Gracilaria sp) sebagai Bahan Aktif
 Hidrokoloid Acne patch
Abstrak: Jerawat adalah inflamasi kronis pada kulit akibat infeksi bakteri Propionibacterium acnes dan Staphylococcus aureus. Pengobatan jerawat dengan antibiotik sering menyebabkan alergi, iritasi, dan resistensi. Acne patch dengan ekstrak kulit bawang merah dan Gracilaria sp. memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan mengukur aktivitas antibakteri dan antioksidan kombinasi ekstrak kulit bawang merah dan Gracilaria sp., serta membuat acne patch dari kombinasi ekstrak terbaik. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan maserasi etanol 96%, menghasilkan rendemen 8,2% dari kulit bawang merah dan 0,7% dari Gracilaria sp. Kombinasi ekstrak (Gracilaria sp : kulit bawang merah) dibuat menjadi tiga variasi yaitu (5:1), (1:1), dan (1:5). Pengujian meliputi pengukuran kadar total flavonoid, antibakteri, dan antiradikal bebas NO. Kombinasi ekstrak ketiga menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri dan antiradikal bebas tertinggi. Kombinasi ini digunakan sebagai bahan aktif acne patch F3, yang menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Staphylococcus aureus dengan diameter zona bening rata-rata 12,78±0,13 mm. Kata kunci: Acne patch, Gracilaria sp, Jerawat, Kulit bawang merah, Acne is a chronic inflammation of the skin caused by infection with the bacteria Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus. Treatment of acne with antibiotics often causes allergies, irritation, and resistance. Acne patch with onion skin extract and Gracilaria sp. has antibacterial and antioxidant activity. The research aimed to measure the antibacterial and antioxidant activity of a combination of onion skin extract and Gracilaria sp., as well as making an acne patch from the best extract combination. Extraction was carried out with 96% ethanol maceration, resulting in a yield of 8.2% from shallot skin and 0.7% from Gracilaria sp. The combination extract (Gracilaria sp : onion skin) was made into three variations (5:1), (1:1), and (1:5). Tests include measuring total levels of flavonoids, antibacterial and anti-free radical NO. The third extract combination showed the highest antibacterial and anti-free radical activity. This extract combination is used as the active ingredient for acne patch F3, which shows antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with an average clear zone diameter of 12,78 ± 0,13 mm. Keywords: Acne patch, acne, Gracilaria sp, onion skin
Keyword: Gracilaria sp, Acne patch, Acne, Onion skin

Judul: Aktivitas Antibakteri Penyebab Jerawat dari Ekstrak Daun Surian (Toona sinensis) pada Berbagai Variasi Umur Pohon
Abstrak: Jerawat menyerang 85% populasi dunia berusia 11-30 tahun. Pengobatan jerawat menggunakan antibiotik seperti klindamisin secara berlebihan dapat menyebabkan resistensi bakteri. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pengobatan jerawat dengan bahan alami yang menguntungkan dalam aspek kesehatan dan keamanan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak metanol, etil asetat, dan n-heksana daun surian dari umur pohon 16, 27, dan 34 tahun dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri penyebab jerawat. Ekstraksi sampel dilakukan dengan metode maserasi. Kemudian filtrat dievaporasi menggunakan alat rotary evaporator pada suhu 400C. Aktivitas antibakteri diuji dengen metode difusi cakram dan dibandingkan terhadap kontrol positif (klindamisin) dan kontrol negatif (DMSO 20%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak metanol berumur 16 tahun pada konsentrasi 10.000 µg/mL mampu menghambat pertumbuhan pada S. aureus (17.73 mm) dan P. acnes (15.80 mm). Sampel dengan aktivitas terbaik pada masing-masing jenis pelarut diuji kembali untuk menentukan Konsentrasi Hambat Minimum (KHM) dan Konsentrasi Bunuh Minimum (KBM). Hasil KHM dan KBM untuk bakteri S. aureus adalah 500 µg/mL dan 1000 µg/mL. Sementara itu KHM dan KBM P. acnes adalah 100 µg/mL dan 500 µg/mL. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak metanol daun surian berumur 16 tahun menjadi ekstrak terbaik yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri S. aureus dan P. acnes dengan kategori kuat., Acne affects 85% of the world's population aged 11-30 years. Excessive use of antibiotics such as clindamycin in acne treatment can lead to bacterial resistance. Therefore, acne treatment with beneficial natural ingredients is necessary in terms of health and safety aspects. This study aims to examine the anti-bacterial activity of methanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane extracts from Toona sinensis leaves aged 16, 27, and 34 years in inhibiting the growth of acne-causing bacteria. Sample extraction was performed using the maceration method. Then, the filtrate was evaporated using a rotary evaporator at 40°C. Antibacterial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method and compared to positive control (clindamycin) and negative control (20% DMSO). The results showed that the 16-year-old methanol extract at a concentration of 10,000 µg/mL could inhibit growth in S. aureus (17.73 mm) and P. acnes (15.80 mm). Samples with the best activity in each solvent type were retested to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). The MIC and MBC results for S. aureus were 500 µg/mL and 1000 µg/mL, respectively, while for P. acnes, they were 100 µg/mL and 500 µg/mL, respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the 16-year-old Toona sinensis metanol leaf extract is the best extract capable of inhibiting the growth of S. aureus and P. acnes bacteria with a strong category.
Keyword: Antibacterial, P.  acnes, S. aureus, Toona sinensis, Tree age

Judul: Pengaruh Pairing pada Isotop Sn dengan Menggunakan Pemodelan Sembilan Tingkat Energi
Abstrak: Formation of the neutron-rich tin isotopes (Sn isotopes) is the one of the interesting topics in the field of nuclear reaction, especially regarding the stability of the heavy nuclei. Calculations of total energy using the BCS approach using five energy levels can only calculate the total energy up to Sn50132. On the other hand, the experiment continues and has exceeded the formation of isotopes. Therefore, there is need for a new model to accomadate more neutrons. In this research, Sn isotopes is modelled using nine energy levels and constant interaction potential to explain the pairing phenomenon up to Sn50154. However, to obtain more accurate results, other methods to minimize the differences with the experimental results are clearly needed here.
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