Judul: Pengaruh Variasi Konsentasi Pendadah RuO2 Terhadap Struktur Kristal Dan Sifat Optik Dari Film Tipis BaTiO3
Abstrak: Pembuatan film tipis BaTiO3 bertujuan menganalisis sifat optik, struktur morfologi spectra XRD, dan citra SEM-EDAX. Film tipis Barium Titanat (BaTiO3) murni dan BaTiO3 dengan variasi pendadah RuO2 2%, 4%, dan 6% yang ditumbuhkan pada silikon tipe-p (100) dengan metode Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD). Film BaTiO3 dan BaRuTiO5 dibuat dalam konsentrasi 2 M. Film tersebut ditumbuhkan dengan tiga kali pelapisan menggunakan teknik spin coating pada kecepatan putar 6000 rpm, 8000 rpm, dan 10000 rpm selama 30 detik. Film kemudian di annealing pada suhu 850 oC selama 8 jam. Film dikarakterisasi menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis untuk mengetahui sifat optik berupa analisis nilai reflektansi, indeks bias dan energy gap. Metode ini memiliki keunggulan dapat mengontrol stokiometri film tipis dengan kualitas yang baik, prosedur yang mudah dan biaya yang relatif murah. Energi band gap berkisar 3.25 sampai 3.27 eV dengan indeks bias 2.7749894 sampai 2.77498944. Film tipis BaTiO3 memiliki parameter kisi a = 4.035 sampai 4.097 Ǻ dan c = 4.043 sampai 4.107 Ǻ serta ukuran kristal berada pada rentang 0.175 μm sampai 0.5 μm.
Keyword: film tipis, sifat optik, barium titanat, chemical solution deposition, pendadah, ruthenium oksida

Judul: Characteristic of BaTiO3 Thin Films  Electricity Doped with Ruthenium on Type-P Silicone Substrate
Abstrak: Film tipis Barium Titanat (BaTiO3) telah berhasil dibuat dengan menggunakan metode Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) dan Spin Coating. Dalam penelitian ini telah dibuat film BaTiO3 didadah Ru dengan variasi konsentrasi pendadah 0%, 0,5%, dan 1%. Film tipis tersebut dideposisikan di atas substrat silikon tipe-p (100). Film tipis BaTiO3 melalui tahap annealing pada suhu 850oC ditahan selama 8 jam dengan kelajuan kenaikan suhu sebesar 1,67oC/menit, kemudian mengalami proses pendinginan 12 jam. Film tipis BaTiO3 didadah Ru dikarakterisasi sifat listriknya dengan menggunakan I-V meter, dan Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC). Kurva I-V menunjukkan bahwa film tipis memiliki karakteristik dioda dan responsif terhadap perubahan intensitas radiasi cahaya. Peningkatan konsentrasi pendadah Ru menyebabkan nilai saturasi meningkat, sedangkan nilai potensial penghalang menurun. Penambahan konsentrasi pendadah Ru secara linear menyebabkan kenaikan nilai mobilitas muatan. BaTiO3 didadah Ru memiliki sifat kelistrikan dan responsif terhadap cahaya., Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) thin films have been successfully created using Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) Method and Spin Coating. In this research, BaTiO3 films are doped with Ru with concentration variants of 0%, 0,5%, and 1%. Those thin films are deposited above a silicon substrate type-p (100). BaTiO3 films are through annealing process at 850°C and held for 8 hours with temperature rise rate of 1,67°C/minutes, then undergoes a cooling process for 12 hours. BaTiO3 doped with Ru were characterized by their electrical properties with I-V Meter, and Space Charge Limited Current (SCLC). The curve from I-V meter shows that thin films have diode characteristics and responsive to change in the intensity of light radiation. The increase of doped concentration of Ru causes the saturation value to also increase, meanwhile the potential value of the barrier decreases. The addition of doped concentration of Ru linearly causes the increase of load mobility. BaTiO3 doped with Ru has electrical properties and is responsive to light.
Keyword: saturation current, BaTiO3, CSD, I-V meter, electron mobility, spin coating, barrier voltage

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua