Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: National Spatial Data Infrastructure (NSDI) is a tool to facilitate in spatial data accessibility. One of NSDI applications is to inform forest fire vulnerability level. The information is used to prevent and analyze forest and land fire occurrence. The research project was conducted in Kabupaten Sanggau, West Kalimantan Province. Primary data was obtained from interview and questioner method by focus group discussion (FGD) and participatory rural appraisal (PRA). Secondary data was collected from various institution such as geology, soil type, slope, forest status and land use. The data was analyzed using physical, social and economical approach. Institutional capacity analysis covers human resource indicator, financial sustainability, service quality, external relation, operational management and regulation. Priority analysis in developing land and fire control system employed expert judgment with AWOT method which is an integreated analysis between analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and strength, weaknesses, opportunities, threats (SWOT). NSDI application was conducted by developing five components of national spatial data infrastructure consisting of dataset, network, accessibility, human resource and guideline. Land and forest fire data set for Kabupaten Sanggau were satellite image, toponim, land tenure, administrative region, forest area, land classification, water stream and water body, geology, climate, census area and statistical data, land use and land transportation. The levels of forest and land fire vulnerability were not vulnerable (24.64%), less vulnerable (31.10%), rather vulnerable (22.64%), vulnerable (11.50%) and very vulnerable (2.74%). The assessment NSDI for controlling forest and land fire in kabupaten level cover prevention, extinguisher, and post fire extinguishing. The prevention was emphasized in increasing the level of awareness on forest and land fire. Fire extinguishing was stressed on human resource and equipment empowerment; however post fire extinguishing was emphasized in law enforcement and rehabilitation.
Keyword: NSDI, Forest and land fire, Data set, Vulnerability, Analisis kerentananan kebakaran, Analisis spasial Kabupaten Sanggau

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Uncontrolled land and forest fires have caused an enormous environmental losses in terms of economical, ecological and political aspects. The main objective of this study is to formulate and evaluate the method of economic valuation of environmental damage caused by land and forest fires. The study was conducted in the National Park of Bukit Baka (230 ha), Natural Recreation Park of Baning (59.5 ha), Industrial Forest Plantation of Finantara Intiga (15 ha), Industrial Forest Plantation of Inhutani III (12,452 ha), TCSDP Plantation of Nanga Pinoh (76 ha) and community plantation (91.20 ha) with the sample of 42 ha and 250 respondents. The data analysis used were the approach of market price, productivity, shadow price, replacement cost, income losses, health costs, transfer benefit, contingent valuation method, canonical correlation, structural equation model and system analyses. The study showed that land and forest fires give different impacts. Therefore, the choice of methods should be in accordance with criteria and stages of valuation. The total economical losses caused by fires in 1997 was 53.91 billion rupiahs which was 175 million rupiahs in the sample area or of 4.17 million rupiahs/ha in the average. It was an increasing of 69.64% in the year of 2003. The biggest loss occurred in the forest area with conservation and natural preservation functions. On the other hand, in terms of the benefit, the biggest loss was in the direct benefit. It is because not all indirect benefit was valuated in this study. The declining of people’s health was the biggest loss in terms of haze from land and forest fires. However, those fire impact did not disturbed the cooperation with other countries but only the transaction costs. Both of the natural and human factor influence of land and forest fire simultaneously with ã = -0.192 and ã = -0.462. Rainfall, temperature, humidity, the using of fire, attention and involving of the community toward fire and mitigation effort showed the most significant effect on forest fire (á = 0.05) with 73% of model validity level. Therefore, the alternatives of policy to prevent land and forest fires are the implementation of optimistic scenario by preventing the using of fire, the improvement of fire mitigation efforts, ratification of AATHP and strengthening the cooperation with other countries in controlling land and forest fires.
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Judul: Optimization of Alginate-Chitosan Microcapsules Formation for Leydig Cells Encapsulation
Abstrak: Hypogonadism is a clinical condition characterized by low concentrations of testosterone. It is caused by malfunction of Leydig cells in producing testosterone. Encapsulation method will protect the transplanted cells from the immune system rejection. The aims of this study was to optimize the formation of microcapsules for Leydig cells encapsulation. The microcapsules were made of alginate and chitosan as the first and the second coating agents, respectively. The result showed that the minimum concentration of alginate was 1.5% (w/v) with a viscosity of 33.8 cPs, resulted spherical microcapsules with diameters of 230-270 µm. The optimum concentration of chitosan as the second coating agent was 0.5% (w/v), resulted spherical microcapsule with mechanical stability in 4 hours. Leydig cells can be trapped inside the capsule with a density that proportional with concentration of cells used in the encapsulation.
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