Judul: Aplikasi Instrumen Multibeam Sonar dan Side Scan Sonar untuk Deteksi Kapal Karam (Contoh Studi Kapal Bahuga Jaya di Perairan Selat Sunda)
Abstrak: Multibeam Sonar and Side Scan Sonar are acoustic technologies that are used to detect underwater objects by using sound waves. This study aim to detect shipwreck Bahuga Jaya in waters bottom that crashed and sank on 26 September 2012. The instruments that used were Multibeam Sonar ELAC SEA BEAM 1050D and Side Scan Sonar EdgeTech 4200. Data processing using softwares CARIS HIPS & SIPS 6.1, MBSystem, Surfer and Sonar Web. Tidal type in the study area was mixed dual skew tide. Sound speed value ranges was between 1543.64 m/s - 1544.99 m/s. Bahuga Jaya wreck coordinate was at 05o52’44.53’’ S and 105o51’11.60’’ E. Water depths ranging is between 40 m to 150 m. From the point of collision, the vessel Bahuga Jaya moved 537 m far to the east away. Wreck dimension detected 90 m long and 14.8 m wide. Backscatter amplitude value of the wreck is is 717.25 mV showed the greatest value in comparison with the surrounding objects.
Keyword: amplitude backscatter, depth, Bahuga Jaya, Side Scan Sonar, Multibeam Sonar

Judul: Deteksi dan Klasifikasi Dasar Laut Menggunakan Instrumen Side scan sonar
Abstrak: Side scan sonar is an underwater acoustic instrument that is capable for displaying the image of the seafloor and discriminate between large and small particles of the sea floor. This study aims to classify types of seafloor and measure seafloor backscatter values using side scan sonar. This study also use two different types of side scan sonar in two places to get more variant seafloor. Side scan sonar data of Klein System 3000 with a frequency of 500 kHz is taken in the Jakarta Bay and Data of Edgetech 4200 with a frequency of 300 kHz is taken in the Sunda Strait. Both the data side scan sonar processed using software Sonarweb and Sonarpro to display the image of the sea floor, and use Seisee to extract sediment backscatter values. Results of sea floor imagery in Jakarta Bay found the target in the form of mud, mud with excavation, and a shipwreck. Mosaic Klein System 3000 in Jakarta Bay seafloor show a dominant of mud. Extraction of backscatter obtained smallest value is mud -26.33 dB, mud with excavation -23.84 dB and the highest is shipwrecks -6.23 dB. Results seabed imagery found the target in the Sunda Strait seabed is mud, sand, biogenic sand, and a shipwreck. Seafloor in the Sunda Strait shows dominant of sand. Backscatter obtained smallest value is mud -14.25 dB , sand -12.22 dB, biogenic sand -13.56 dB , and shipwreck -4.20 dB.
Keyword: backscatter, Klein System 3000, Edgetech 4200, sediment

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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