Judul: Sintesis Surfaktan Alkil Poliglikosida dari Fatty Alcohol (C16) Sawit dan Glukosa Cair 85% dengan Perlakuan Perbedaan Nisbah Mol.
Abstrak: Surfactants (surface active agents) are the surface tension active compounds that can be produced synthetically chemically or biochemically. Surfactants are used in industry as a bleaching, wetting, foaming materials, as well as emulsifier and others. The addition of the surfactant is expected to optimize the performance of the active ingredient used. This provides opportunities to develop further research. One type of surfactant that is being developed is poliglicoside alkyl surfactants (APG). APG Surfactant is a nonionic surfactant type commonly used in the formulation of some products such as herbicide formulations, personal care products, cosmetics, textile fabric bleaching and surfactants solution for Enhanced Oil Recovery. Raw material of APG surfactant are fatty alcohol from coconut oil oleochemicals or palm kernel oil (fatty alcohol C16) and glucoside 85%. Fatty alcohol is hydrophobic (lipophilic), while glucose is hydrophilic. In this research APG surfactant was synthesized from fatty alcohol palm oil (C16) and 85% liquid glucose. The Purpose of this research is to obtain the best reactant mole ratio of surfactant alkyl Poliglicoside the best of Fatty alcohol (C16) oil with Liquid glucose 85%. This study used a completely randomized experimental design with one factor and two repetition. The treatment used was reactant mole ratio with five concentration level ie 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3 and 3.5. The process used in this research was 2-stage of processes, there are butanolisis and transacetalitations. The best formula was obtain from the ratio of 1 mol glucoside with 1.5 mol fatty alcohool. This product resulted on the lowest interfacial tension of 5.56 x 10-2 dyne/cm. This APG was processed at a temperature of 120-130OC for 2 hours.The pH value was in the range of 8.2-8.52
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Judul: Pengaruh Butanolisis terhadap Kinerja Surfaktan Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) dari Fatty Alcohol (C16) Sawit dan Glukosa Cair 85 Persen
Abstrak: Synthesis surfactant APG from palm fatty alcohol C16 and 85% liquid glucose can be done through a single-step process or two-steps le acetalization and butanolysis transasetalisation. Surfactant APG produced in the form powder, dark, and water soluble. Analysis IFT of APG produced by two-steps process of butanolysis was the best with value of 1,11 x 102 dyne/ cm. While the value of IFT at one-stage of process was 1,75 x 10¹ dyne/cm. HLB value of APG with the each repetition was 10. This meaned that the APG produced can be used as an emulsifier O/W, detergent, and solubilizer. APG surfactant has a fairly good stability agained the prolong heating. Filtration test analysis showed that the amount of impurities in each solution was little or ever none, as evidenced by the value of Fr (flow rate) of each solution on than smaller filtration of 1,2. Fr values on formation water and solution of APG was very good. The conclusion APG produced in this research through a two-stages process (butanolysis transasetalisation) was better than that through one step process (acetalization), with the ability to reduce the surface tension of 1,11 x 10² dyne/cm. Suitability performance of surfactants for EOR application was in conformed with the criteria expected.
Keyword: Alkil Poliglikosida (APG), Proses Sintesis Satu Tahap, Proses Sintesis Dua Tahap, Glukosa Cair

Judul: Penyebab kematian burung kakatua jambul kuning (Cacatua galerita) di Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dan Taman Burung TMII (Periode Januari 2001 - Januari 2002)
Abstrak: Studi kasus ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyebab kematian pada Burung Kakatua Jambul Kuning (Cacatua galerita) serta penanganan dan pencegahannya. Pengkajian ini berdasarkan pada pemeriksaan atau pengamatan langsung di lokasi kandang burung maupun lingkungannya, pengumpulan laporan data kasus penyakit, pengobatan dan pencegahannya, wawancara langsung dengan dokter hewan, paramedis maupun pemeriksaan feces serta studi pustaka. Upaya perlindungan terhadap burung Kakatua Jambul Kuning yang merupakan satwa langka sudah dilakukan oleh Pemerintah., terbukti dengan diterbitkannya Undang-Undang No. 5 tahun 1990, Surat Keputusan Menteri No.301/Kpts-II/1991, Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia No. 7 tahun 1999 (Sozer, 1999). Perlindungan yang selama ini telah dilakukan di penangkaran ex-situ Taman Margasatwa Ragunan (TMR) dan Taman Burung TMII (TB TMII). Pada kedua tempat penangkaran tersebut burung kakatua akan dipelihara sedapat mungkin seperti pada kehidupan di alam bebas. Hasil yang diperoleh pada kedua tempat penangkaran tersebut menunjukkan bahwa kasus traumatik merupakan kasus penyebab kematian yang tertinggi. Traumatik tersebut disebabkan beberapa hal dan yang tertinggi karena berkelahi. Di Kandang Karantina Taman Margasatwa Ragunan dilaporkan ada 3 kasus kematian traumatik dari 7 gambaran post mortem yang diperiksa (42,86%), sedangkan pada Kandang Pamer berjumlah 2 kasus dari 3 gambaran post mortem yang diperiksa (66,67%). Pada Taman Burung TMII kasus kematian yang disebabkan oleh traumatik, ditemukan di Klinik yang berasal dari Kandang Pamer sebanyak 2 kasus dari 3 gambaran post mortemnya (66,67%). Studi kasus ini diharapkan menjadi tambahan data acuan dalam upaya pelestarian dan pengembangan populasi Kakatua Jambul Kuning.
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