Judul: Pengaruh Tingkat Suku Bunga SBI Terhadap Nilai Tukar Rupiah (Terhadap Dollar) Di Indonesia
Abstrak: Karakteristik Indonesia sebagai small open economy (perekonomian terbuka kecil) yang menganut sistem devisa bebas. Serta ditambah dengan beralihnya sistem nilai tukar di Indonesia dari sistem mengambang terkendali (managed floating system) menjadi sistem yang mengambang penuh (freely floating system) pada tanggal 14 Agustus 1997, menyebabkan posisi nilai tukar rupiah ditentukan oleh mekanisme pasar. Namun dengan adanya hal tersebut membuat pergerakan nilai tukar di pasar menjadi sangat rentan oleh pengaruh faktor-faktor ekonomi dan non-ekonomi.
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Judul: Analisis keterkaitan dinamis perbedaan tingkat suku bunga riil, nilai tukar riil dan neraca pembayaran di Indonesia
Abstrak: Perekonomian Indonesia sejak era 1980-an mulai menganut sistem perekonomian terbuka. Hal tersebut menjadi alasan perlunya mengamati keadaan fundamental yang penting bagi perekonomian Indonesia. Besaran yang sangat penting untuk dilihat dengan semakin terbukanya perekonomian Indonesia adalah nilai tukar. Nilai tukar ini menunjukkan bagaimana perbandingan mata uang Indonesia dan luar negeri. Selain itu yang hangat dibahas saat ini pada negara yang menganut sistem perekonomian terbuka adalah perkembangan tingkat suku bunga riil. Pentingnya suku bunga riil secara lebih lanjut akan lebih representatif apabila dilihat dalam perbedaan tingkat suku bunga yang merupakan gambaran kegiatan perekonomian terbuka. Pergerakan selisih suku bunga riil ini juga memberi pengaruh yang penting dalam mempengaruhi nilai tukar. Menurut teori Mundell-Fleming-Dornbusch ketika tingkat perbedaan suku bunga riil antara domestik dan luar negeri naik maka akan terjadi apresiasi nilai tukar riil (Jin, 2003). Pembahasan mengenai nilai tukar tidak lepas hubungannya dengan cadangan devisa. Cadangan devisa memiliki dampak yang penting bagi posisi nilai tukar suatu negara. Kenaikan cadangan devisa dalam neraca pembayaran (balance of payment) memberi stimulus untuk membuat mata uang rupiah mengalami apresiasi (Jin, 2003). Penelitian ini memiliki beberapa tujuan yaitu pertama menganalisis hubungan dinamis antara variabel nilai tukar riil, perbedaan tingkat suku bunga riil, dan cadangan devisa. Kemudian tujuan kedua adalah mengetahui bagaimana hubungan interaksi antara nilai tukar riil, perbedaan tingkat suku bunga riil dan cadangan devisa dalam jangka pendek serta melihat apakah terdapat hubungan dalam jangka panjang. Adapun model yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini bersumber dari penelitian yang dilakukan oleh Zhongxia Jin (2003) dengan menggunakan metode Vector Autoregression (VAR). Hubungan dinamis antara variabel perbedaan tingkat suku bunga riil, nilai tukar riil dan cadangan devisa menggunakan analisis Impulse Response Function (IRF) dengan menggunakan data time series dari Januari 2000 hingga Oktober 2008. ...
Keyword: Vector Autoregression (VAR), Interest rate differential, Riil exchange rates, Balance of payment, Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB

Judul: Electrochemical Sensor for Detection of Chlorotalonil Residue in Grapes
Abstrak: The use of chlorothalonil in grapes as a pest control agent, could bring potential harm for health and the environment. Therefore it is necessary to test the residue of chlorothalonil pesticides in grapes as part of food safety control. Pesticide residue testing generally uses HPLC, GC-MS/MS dan LC-MS/MS. Although have high sensitivity, these technique require very expensive equipment, long analysis times, high sample volumes of reagents and competent testing personnel. Meanwhile, pesticide residues testing in the field generally required fast procedure, portable, and easy to use. Therefore, this research aims to develope testing methods for chlorothalonil pesticide residues with electrochemical sensors which can be an alternative method for testing chlorothalonil pesticide residues in grapes. In this study, a differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) technique was chosen using a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with graphene oxide (GO) and poly 3,4- ethylenedioxythiopene (PEDOT:PSS). In this study GO synthesis was carried out using the modified Hummers method. The characterization results using Raman and FTIR spectroscopy showed the successful synthesis of GO from graphite. The results showed that the modified GCE treatment GO/PEDOT:PSS was significantly different from the unmodified GCE (p<0,05). The addition of composites to the modified electrode improved the performance of the sensor in detecting chlorothalonil. Meanwhile, the peak current of chlorothalonil reduction in GCE modified with GO and PEDOT:PSS composites with various ratios gave results that were not significantly different (p>0,05). Furthermore, the GO/PEDOT:PSS composite ratio (1:1) was determined as the best composite composition in this study. Chlorothalonil is only slightly soluble in Britton Robinson Buffer (BRB), so it is necessary to explore the use of electrolyte combinations with organic solvents. In this experiment, the ratio of BRB:ACN (1:1) was the optimum electrolyte ratio and pH 9 as the optimum pH. Analytical performance parameters observed in this study were reproducibility and stability resulted in %RSD < 5% which shows acceptable results. Based on the result of selectivity test from GCE/GO/PEDOT:PSS was selective for chlorothalonil from interferences such as ascorbic acid, calcium, calium, magnesium, natrium, and sucrose with the effect result of interference to chlorothalonil has not significantly different (p>0,05). In addition, there was a linear relationship in the chlorothalonil concentration range of 10-200 µM with a correlation coefficient of 0,9966 and a detection limit was 3 µM and a quantitation limit was 8 µM. Good accuracy was also demonstrated by the %recovery obtained from 97.77 – 103,61% and successful detection of chlorothalonil in grapes by the standard multiple point addition method of 273 µM or equivalent to 29,03 mg/kg. As a result of the confirmation test using GC-MS/MS, the detection result of the residual concentration of chlorothalonil in the grapes was 0.03 mg/kg. The measurement result of the electrochemical method were higher and significantly different from those with GC-MS/MS. The concentration values detected in this experiment were quite high above the allowable MRL (Maximum Residu Limit) and still give the respon false positive result. This is possible due to the interference of the complex matrix effect in the grape samples. Optimizing this electrochemical test, require a more extensive matrix effect test. However, the electrochemical
Keyword: Chlorothalonil, electrochemical sensor, graphene oxide, pesticide