Judul: Pengaruh Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) dalam Ransum Terhadap Performa, Kualitas Telur dan Respon Imun pada Ayam Petelur.
Abstrak: Industri perunggasan masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, antara lain masalah bahan baku pakan yang masih bergantung pada impor dan masalah pelarangan antibiotik pemacu pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pemanfaatan sumber protein alternatif yang juga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan imunomodulator. Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) kaya akan AMP (antimicrobial peptide) dan memiliki kandungan asam laurat yang tinggi 49.18% dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh subtitusi tepung ikan dengan tepung larva BSF terhadap performa produksi, kualitas telur, serta status kesehatan dan meningkatkan respon kekebalan ayam petelur serta melihat aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak tepung larva BSF secara in vitro. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Salmonella enteritidis dengan enam level pengenceran (10 mg ml-1, 20 mg ml-1, 40 mg ml-1, 80 mg ml-1, 160 mg ml-1 dan 320 mg ml-1). Feeding trial menggunakan empat perlakuan pakan yaitu P0 (tepung ikan 8%), P1 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF hidup 6.03%), P2 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF kering 5.85%) dan P3 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF ekstrak 5.63%). Desain percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan, lima ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor ayam petelur, sedangkan untuk aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan 6 level pengenceran dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BSF ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri mulai dari level 320 mg/mL dan semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya dosis (P<0.05). Penggunaan 5.63% larva BSF ekstrak metanol sebagai sumber protein pengganti 50% protein tepung ikan dalam ransum ayam petelur dapat memberikan performa dan kualitas telur yang baik tanpa mempengaruhi status kesehatan ayam petelur. Penggunaan larva BSF hidup dalam ransum dapat mengurangi biaya konsumsi dan pengolahan pakan sehingga keuntungan dapat maksimal. Larva BSF ekstrak metanol terbukti memiliki kemampuan antibakteri sehingga dapat meningkatkan respon kekebalan ayam petelur secara optimal.
Keyword: ayam petelur, Hermetia illucens, kualitas telur, performa, status kesehatan

Judul: Effect of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) in the Ration on Performance, Egg Quality and Immune Response in Laying Hens
Abstrak: Industri perunggasan masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, antara lain masalah bahan baku pakan yang masih bergantung pada impor dan masalah pelarangan antibiotik pemacu pertumbuhan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya pemanfaatan sumber protein alternatif yang juga memiliki aktivitas antibakteri dan imunomodulator. Larva Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) kaya akan AMP (antimicrobial peptide) dan memiliki kandungan asam laurat yang tinggi 49.18% dapat berfungsi sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi pengaruh subtitusi tepung ikan dengan tepung larva BSF terhadap performa produksi, kualitas telur, serta status kesehatan dan meningkatkan respon kekebalan ayam petelur serta melihat aktivitas antibakteri ekstrak tepung larva BSF secara in vitro. Uji aktivitas antibakteri dilakukan terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Salmonella enteritidis dengan enam level pengenceran (10 mg ml-1, 20 mg ml-1, 40 mg ml-1, 80 mg ml-1, 160 mg ml-1 dan 320 mg ml-1). Feeding trial menggunakan empat perlakuan pakan yaitu P0 (tepung ikan 8%), P1 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF hidup 6.03%), P2 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF kering 5.85%) dan P3 (tepung ikan 4% + BSF ekstrak 5.63%). Desain percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan empat perlakuan, lima ulangan dan setiap ulangan terdiri atas 10 ekor ayam petelur, sedangkan untuk aktivitas antibakteri menggunakan 6 level pengenceran dan 3 ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BSF ekstrak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri mulai dari level 320 mg/mL dan semakin meningkat seiring dengan meningkatnya dosis (P<0.05). Penggunaan 5.63% larva BSF ekstrak metanol sebagai sumber protein pengganti 50% protein tepung ikan dalam ransum ayam petelur dapat memberikan performa dan kualitas telur yang baik tanpa mempengaruhi status kesehatan ayam petelur. Penggunaan larva BSF hidup dalam ransum dapat mengurangi biaya konsumsi dan pengolahan pakan sehingga keuntungan dapat maksimal. Larva BSF ekstrak metanol terbukti memiliki kemampuan antibakteri sehingga dapat meningkatkan respon kekebalan ayam petelur secara optimal., The poultry industry still faces various obstacles, including the problem of feed raw materials which are still dependent on imports as well as problem of prohibiting growth-promoting antibiotics. Therefore, efforts are needed to utilize alternative protein sources that also have antibacterial and immunomodulatory activities. Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae has an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) and has a high content of lauric acid is 49.18% which functions as an antibacterial. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fish meal substitution with BSF larvae flour on production performance, egg quality, health status, increasing immunity of laying hens as well as looking at the antibacterial activity of BSF larvae extract in vitro. Antibacterial activity test was carried out on Escherichia coli and Salmonella enteritidis with six levels of dilution (10 mg ml-1 , 20 mg ml-1 , 40 mg ml-1 , 80 mg ml-1 , 160 mg ml-1 and 320 mg ml -1 ). The feeding trial used three feed treatments namely P0 (8% fish meal), P1 (5% fish meal + 6.03% fresh BSF), P2 (5% fish meal + 5.85% dried BSF) and P3 (5% fish meal + 5.63% BSF extract). The experimental design used was a completely randomized design (CRD) with four treatments, five replications and each repetition consisted of 10 laying hens, while for antibacterial activity using 6 levels of
Keyword: Hermetia illucens, laying hens, production performances, egg quality, health status

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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