Judul: Aktivitas yang berhubungan dengan pola konsumsi pakan tarsius (Tarsius bancanus) di penangkaran pada malam hari.
Abstrak: Indonesia is known as a country which has various spesies of flora and fauna. Many of them are becoming extinct these animal are very useful as an object of experiment and also as pet animals. Nowadays wild animals in Indonesia are facing serious problem by increasing in rate of extinction due to evolution and human unwise management of nature. Therefore, preventing the extinction of wild animals can be done by conservation and protection of wild animals in captivity. Tarsius bancanus is one of distinct animal that should be protected. Tarsius bancanus is a nocturnal animal that distributes in Kalimantan, Bangka, Natuna and Sumatera island. Information of feeding activity of Tarsius bancanus is limited, especially in captivity. Feeding activity is an important factor that can influence feed intake. This exsperiment is aimed at studying feeding activity and pattern of feed intake of Tarsius bancanus in captivity at night. Two tarsius from Sumatera, were used in this experiment. Data of activity were recorded which included feeding, drinking, urination, defecation, locomotion, grooming and resting avtivities. In addition, the amount of feed intake and fecal production were also recorded. Data were analized quantitatively and descriptively. The results show that feeding, drinking, urination, defecation, locomotion, grooming and resting activities are 18.98%, 1.20%, 11.95%, 4.53%, 34.48 %, 20.49% and 8.35 %. The highest feeding activity (3.54%) occurs at 18 – 19 p.m. with feed intake is 0.92 gram dry matter (DM). The lowest feeding activity (0.88%) occurs at 0 – 1 a.m. and 3 – 4 a.m with feed intakes 0.23 gram DM. The average daily feed intake is 4.93 gram DM, with the average of cricket intake is 2.54 gram DM and grasshoper intake is 2.39 gram DM. The average daily fecal production is 0.65 gram DM. The average daily protein intake of cricket and grasshoper are 1.53 gram and 1.70 gram. The average daily crude fiber intake of cricket and grasshoper are 0.19 gram and 0.51 gram. The average daily energy intake of cricket and grasshoper are 15.695 ccal and 12.738 ccal. Feeding activity at 18 – 19 p.m. are the highest activity that occurred, this time can be used as a guideline for effective feeding program of Tarsius bancanus in captivity.
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Judul: Analysis of the Eating Behavior on Tarsiers (Tarsius spectrumgurskyae) in Captivity at Primate Research Center IPB University.
Abstrak: Tarsius spectrumgurskyae merupakan satwa endemik Indonesia yang rentan terhadap ancaman kepunahan, sehingga diperlukan evaluasi perilaku makan di penangkaran sebagai upaya pelestarian konservasi ex-situ. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguraikan pola perilaku makan T. spectrumgurskyae di penangkaran Pusat Studi Satwa Primata Institut Pertanian Bogor melalui pengamatan tidak langsung. Penelitian dilakukan terhadap video hasil rekaman kamera closed circuit television (CCTV) pada 3 ekor T. spectrumgurskyae dewasa dengan metode focal animal sampling di kandang konservasi PSSP IPB. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan perilaku makan memiliki persentase rataan sebesar 2,62±0,46% dari keseluruhan perilaku harian. Pola perilaku makan bervariasi, dimulai dari pergerakan mendekati dan menjauhi pakan yang terdiri dari quadrupedal walking, climbing, dan jumping. Tarsius menangkap mangsa dengan mulutnya. Posisi makan tarsius terdiri atas posisi duduk, berdiri, dan vertical clinging. Cara tarsius memakan mangsa: dipegang dengan 1 atau 2 kaki depan dan dikunyah tanpa dipegang. Lokasi makan yang digunakan tarsius adalah ranting pohon, kotak pakan, tempat minum, sarang, dan dinding kawat. Pola perilaku makan didominasi oleh pergerakan mendekati pakan quadrupedal walking, posisi makan duduk, mangsa dipegang dengan 1 kaki depan, dan berlokasi di ranting pohon. Frekuensi makan dan minum tarsius mengalami peningkatan pada sore dan pagi hari, mengalami fluktuasi pada malam hari, serta beristirahat pada siang hari., Tarsius spectrumgurskyae is a vulnerable endemic species of Indonesia, therefore it is necessary to evaluate its eating behavior in captivity. The aim of this study was to describe the eating behavior pattern of T. spectrumgurskyae in captivity at the Primate Research Center of IPB University. The study was conducted by performing focal animal sampling on video recordings of 3 adult T. spectrumgurskyae to collect behavior activity budgets. The results showed that eating behavior had an average percentage of 2.62±0.46% from the total daily behavior. The pattern of eating behavior includes the movement toward and away from the feed, which consisted of quadrupedal walking, climbing, and jumping. Tarsiers caught prey with their mouths, followed by an eating position consisted of sitting, standing, and vertical clinging. The tarsiers were found to eat their prey by exhibiting the following activities: grasping with 1 or 2 forelegs and chewing the prey without being held. The eating locations were tree branches, feed boxes, drinking containers, nests, and wire walls. The pattern of eating behavior was dominated by the movement of approaching the feed by quadrupedal walking, sitting position, holding prey with one front leg, and located on a tree branch. The frequency of eating and drinking of tarsiers increased in the afternoon and morning, fluctuated at night, and they rested during the day.
Keyword: green avtur, hidrodekarboksilasi, hidrodeoksigenasi, katalis, minyak jelantah

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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