Judul: IMPACT OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION  TECHNOLOGY ON PRODUCTION AND MARKETING AT  THE AGRICULTURAL HOUSEHOLD LEVEL
Abstrak: Digital technology such information and communication technology (ICT) is provided to be accessed for everyone, including smallholder farmers. The farmers can obtain the information and communication technology (ICT) for augmenting productivity and obtain higher price of the product. The household farmers have preferred cropping horticulture commodity through producing vegetable harvest to expectedly obtain additional income which might be increased further combining their agribusiness with ICT. However, there were only a few researches discussing commodity of horticulture in term of using ICT in term of vegetable commodity for increasing productivity in the farm, decrease input or production cost, and increase output price. The main objective was to construct an econometric model for smallholder farmers, focusing on how small farmers in Indonesia, particularly those involved in perishable goods production, can leverage digital agriculture using mobile or smartphones to enhance household income. To achieve this overarching goal, the specific objectives of the study were as follows (1) identifying the level of digital transformation in horticulture practice in Indonesia, (2) analysing the impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on agricultural production, and (3) on agricultural marketing at the household level at the household level. This study is based on a survey and interview of the vegetable farmers using a structured questionnaire carried out in one village in every three districts in Indonesia, such as Cianjur, Sleman, and Malang in West Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java Province, respectively. The data are gathered from 375 selected respondents in their respective parts between November 2021 and March 2022. The econometric model called Multivariate Linier Regression (MLR) model was used to assess the heterogeneous factors affecting the likelihood of increasing household income of vegetable smallholder. This research followed the theory of ICT literacy adjusted with agricultural sector. The research found that the level of Agricultural ICT literacy in Indonesia was 2.44 of scale 4.00 indicating that the farmers have competency for using digital technology. This novel study shows that the five categories of use of information technology for farming and selling harvest positively impact household income, namely (1) farmers who do not use cell phones at all, either basic mobile phones or smartphones, (2) farmers who use basic cell phones (mobile phones or smartphones) for phone calls and SMS purposes, (3) farmers who use smartphones using the Whatsapp application, but do not use many applications, (4) farmers who use smartphones by utilizing various applications for social media, and (5) farmers v who use smartphones by utilizing various applications both for social media purposes or for other purposes broadly. The results of this research have explained the complex network of relationships in the chili agricultural sector in terms of productivity, costs, and chili prices. This finding adds to literacy related to transformative agriculture. This research has implications for achieving sustainable and economically viable vegetable commodity production for small farmers in Indonesia. Trade-offs related to increasing productivity and selling prices, as well as reducing production costs, are inevitable. Nevertheless, these trade-offs are integral to achieving the overarching goal of augmenting the household income of small scale farmers, which forms the central
Keyword: Smartphone, household income, digital  transformation., vegetable farmer, ICT literacy, digital transformation

Judul: Use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and Digital Literacy of Farmers
Abstrak: Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) memiliki kekuatan tersendiri dalam memberikan perubahan besar bagi perkembangan dunia. TIK dapat dimanfaatkan oleh semua bidang pekerjaan baik bidang pariwisata, pendidikan, kesehatan bahkan pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis karakteristik penggunaan TIK untuk pertanian, menganalisis tingkat penggunaan TIK bagi para petani, menganalisis perkembangan usaha pertanian, menganalisis hubungan karakteristik individu dengan tingkat penggunaan TIK bagi para petani, dan menganalisis hubungan tingkat penggunaan TIK dengan perkembangan usaha. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode survei dan didukung oleh data kualitatif dengan wawancara mendalam dan studi literatur. Hasil penelitian menunjukan beberapa karakteristik individu yang berbeda dengan penelitian sebelumnya. Intensitas penggunaan alat TIK petani termasuk dalam kategori sedang serta literasi digital petani termasuk dalam kategori tinggi. Perkembangan usaha pertanian menunjukan bahwa saat ini petani masih mengandalkan media konvensional untuk menjual hasil pertaniannya. Sementara itu terdapat hubungan antara karakteristik umur dengan tingkat penggunaan TIK. Akan tetapi tidak ada hubungan nyata antara tingkat penggunaan TIK dengan meningkatnya usaha pertanian., Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has the power to make major changes to the development of the world. ICT can be utilized by all fields of work, be it tourism, education, health, even agriculture. The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the use of ICT for agriculture, analyze the level of use of ICT for farmers, analyze the development of agricultural businesses, analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and the level of use of ICT for farmers. , and analyze the relationship between levels of ICT use and business development. The method used in this research is a survey method and is supported by qualitative data with in-depth interviews and literature study. The results showed several individual characteristics that were different from previous studies. The intensity of farmers' use of ICT tools is in the medium category and farmers' digital literacy is in the high category. The development of agricultural businesses shows that currently farmers still rely on conventional media to sell their agricultural products. Meanwhile, there is a relationship between age characteristics and the level of ICT use. However, there is no significant relationship between the level of ICT use and the increase in agricultural enterprises.
Keyword: agribusiness, digital literacy, ICT

Judul: Transisi Fasa Materi Hadronik ke Materi Kuark pada Inti Bintang Neutron.
Abstrak: Bintang neutron terdiri dari beberapa lapisan yang disusun oleh materi nuklir yang berbeda dengan kerapatan yang semakin tinggi ketika mendekati pusat bintang. Inti luar bintang neutron disusun oleh materi hadronik (nukleon, lepton, dan hyperon), sedangkan inti dalam bintang neutron disusun oleh kuark-kuark bebas (up, down, strange) yang saling berinteraksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari bagaimana transisi dari inti luar ke inti dalam bintang neutron dengan menggunakan pendekatan RMF (Relativistic Mean Field) untuk materi hadronik dan CIDDM (Confined Isospin Density Dependent Mass) untuk materi kuark. Tekanan transisi diperoleh ketika potensial kimia barion materi hadronik dan materi kuark bernilai sama. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-TM1 sekitar 87 MeV/fm3 dan diperoleh massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.92M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.62 km. Nilai tekanan transisi dengan parameter SU6-G2 sekitar 53 MeV/fm3 dan massa maksimum bintang neutron yaitu 1.88M dengan jari-jari sekitar 8.16 km. Jenis transisi fasa adalah orde satu ditandai dengan diskontinuitas dalam kerapatan energi (adanya mixed phase). Parameter-parameter pada model nuklir yang digunakan menyebabkan perbedaan kekakuan persamaan keadaan (EOS) dari materi hadronik dan materi kuark sehingga nilai tekanan transisi dari fasa hadronik ke fasa kuark juga berbeda.
Keyword: bintang neutron, persamaan keadaan, transisi fasa