Judul: Perbandingan Sonogram Vesika Urinaria dan Uretra Normal Kucing Kampung (Felis calus) dengan Tiga Kasus Gangguan Saluran Urinaria Bawah pada Kucing
Abstrak: The purpose of this study was to determine sonogram of normal urinary bladder wall thickness and urethra in healthy domestic cats, and then compared the results with three cases of lower urinary tract disorders in cats. Three healthy domestic cats and three cats with lower urinary tract disorders were used in this study. The urinary bladder wall thickness of healthy cats was measured using ultrasonography equipped with a transducer of 5 MHz. In healthy domestic cats, examination was performed on sagittal and transversal plane of urinary bladder filled with aquabidest of volume 0, 3, 5, and 7 ml/kgBW inserted through urethra catheter. The results were then compared with urinary bladder wall thickness of three cats with lower urinary tract disorders. The wall of normal urinary bladder was hypo-hyperechoic and the lumen was anechoic. Futhermore, sonogram of urinary bladder showed the wall thickness becomes thinner when a larger volume of aquabidest was inserted into the urinary bladder. The wall of urethra was hyperechoic and the thickness was relatively constant. In three cases with lower urinary tract disorders were found uneven thickening and more hyperechoic of urinary bladder wall compared with results of healthy cats. The crystalsprecipitate detected as hypoechoic massa nd urolith was detected as hyperechoic solid mass. In conclusion, the bladder wall thickness depends on the level of distension, while urethra has aconstant thickness. The result of this study can be used as references to determine abnormalities in bladder.
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Judul: Morfometri Organ Hati dan Kantung Empedu Kucing Kampung (Felis catus) dengan Teknik Ultrasonografi Dua Dimensi
Abstrak: The aims of this study was observed and determined the sonogram and size of liver and gallbladder in domestic cats using ultrasound examination. Animals used were 5 healthy male cats, aged between 3-5 years with a body weight between 3-4 kg. Examination was performed using a 7.5 MHz linear transducer. Sonogram showed that the liver parenchym was homogeneous and hypoechoic. On the transverse position of the transducer, the thickness of the medial, right, and left liver was 3.73 ± 0.10 cm, 3.75 ± 0.13 cm, and 3.72 ± 0.11 cm, respectively. There were three thickness values measured on the sagital position of the transduser, namely at the widest, medium and shortest distance to the diafragma. Hepatic vein sonogram showed that the lumen was anechoic and the outer line was hyperechoic. Hepatic vein had an internal diameter of 0.18 ± 0.01 cm on the transverse transducer position and 0.17 ± 0.01 cm on the sagital transducer position. Sonogram of the portal vein showed that the lumen was anechoic and the outside line was hyperechoic. Portal vein measured in the transverse transducer position showed an internal diameter of 0.17 ± 0.01 cm, external diameter of 0.30 ± 0.02 cm and wall thickness of 0.07 ± 0.01 cm. Portal vein measured in the sagital transducer position showed an internal diameter of 0.17 ± 0.01 cm, external diameter of 0.31 ± 0.01 cm and wall thickness of 0.07 ± 0.01 cm. Sonogram of the gallbladder showed an oval or round, and smooth shape. The lumen was anechoic and the wall was hyperechoic. The wall thickness was 0.08 ± 0.01 cm. Morphometry liver and gallbladder of an Indonesian Domestic House Cat (Felis catus) was clearly observed and determined using two dimensional ultrasonography.
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Judul: Pengusahaan tanaman kelapa sawit di Perkebunan Bekri PT Perkebunan X Tanjung Karang, Lampung
Abstrak: Kelapa sawit untuk pertama kalinya dimasukkan ke Indonesia pada tahun 1848, deri negara asalnya Afrika. Kelapa sawit yang didatangkan dari Afrika ini berjumlah empat pohon dan ditanam di Kebun Raya Bogor. Pada tahun 1911 mulai dikembangkan sebagai tanaman perkebunan di Indonesia (Anonim, 1975a dan Soebiapradja, 1975). Indonesia sebagai salah satu negara produsen minyak sawit di dunia, saat ini menduduki posisi nomor tiga setelah Malaysia dan Nigeria dengan jumlah produksi 400 000 ton tiap tahunnya (Anonim, 1978). Dalam tahun-tahun terakhir ini Indonesia menghasilkan kira-kira 12 persen dari minyak sawit dunia. Angka-angka produksi menanjak dari 150 000 ton di awal tahun 60-an sampai 375 000 ton dalam tahun 1975 (Tabel 1). Dapat diramalkan bahwa kenaikan producsi minyak sawit Indonesia akan mencapai sejuta ton lebih pada tahun 1989. Hal ini mengingat penyebaran tingkat usia tanaman dewasa ini dan usaha-usaha yang terarah, seperti di bidang penyuluhan kepada perkebunan-perkebunan serta perbaikan hasil-hasil produksi tandan dan rendemen minyak dari persilangan Dura x Pisifera (Paardekooper dan Daswir, 1976). ...
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