Judul: Profil Asam Lemak dengan Penambahan Sabun Kalsium Minyak Kanola dan Minyak Flaxseed di Rumen In Vitro.
Abstrak: Supplementation of vegetable oils containing high unsaturated fatty acids is a common practice in ruminant feed to increase the quality of meat. The objective of this research was to assess the effect of canola and flaxseed oils protected with Ca soap in rumen during fermentation in vitro at 4 and 8 hours. The design used in this experiment was a rendomized complete block design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of forage and concentrate with ratio 60 : 40 (control), control + Ca soap canola oil 6% and control + Ca soap flaxseed oil 6%.Variables observed in this research were population of rumen microbes (total bacteria and protozoa population), total VFA, molar proportion, estimation of methane production, and fatty acid profile at 4 and 8 hours incubation. The results showed that the treatments did not affect the population of rumen microbes. The use of Ca soap flaxseed oil increased total VFA, proportion of propionate and methane production estimation. At the 4 hour incubation, Ca soap canola oil suffered considerable biohydrogenation 79.35%, while Ca soap flaxseed oil (49.36%). At the 8 hour fermentation, Ca soap falxseed oil suffered considerable biohydrogenation at 66.24%, while Ca soap canola oil at 81.41%.
Keyword: Biohydrogenation, Ca soap, canola oil, flaxseed oil

Judul: Supplementation on Digestibility and In Vitro Fermentability of Dairy Cattle Rations
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji minyak kanola, kedelai dan sawit terproteksi sabun kalsium (Ca Soap) secara in vitro. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan: P1 (kontrol tanpa perlakuan), P2 (P1+1% Ca Soap), P3 (P1+2% Ca Soap), dan P4 (P1+3% Ca Soap). Variabel yang diamati meliputi karakteristik fermentasi rumen (pH, konsentrasi volatile fatty acid (VFA) total, konsentrasi ammonia), kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik, dan aktivitas mikroba rumen. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan Analysis of Varian (ANOVA) dan perlakuan yang berbeda nyata akan dilakukan uji lanjut dengan Uji Tukey menggunakan program Minitab 18. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap pH, konsentrasi ammonia (NH3), Kecernaan Bahan Organik (KCBO). Jenis minyak juga berpengaruh terhadap Kecernaan Bahan Kering (KCBK). Terdapat interaksi pada perhitungan populasi bakteri dan VFA. Penggunaan minyak nabati terproteksi yaitu minyak kanola, kedelai dan sawit 3% menunjukkan hasil optimal pada fermentabilitas dan kecernaan serta masih berkisar normal., This research aims to test canola, soybean and palm oils protected by calcium soap (Ca Soap) in vitro. This study used a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 3 replications: P1 (control without treatment), P2 (P1+1% Ca Soap), P3 (P1+2% Ca Soap), and P4 (P1+3% Ca Soap). The variables observed included rumen fermentation characteristics (pH, total volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentration, ammonia concentration), dry matter and organic matter digestibility, and rumen microbial activity. Data were analyzed using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significantly different treatments would be further tested with the Tukey test using the Minitab 18 program. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0,05) on pH, concentration of ammonia (NH3), digestibility of organic matter. The type of oil also affects the digestibility of the dry matter. There is an interaction in the calculation of the bacterial population and VFA. The use of protected vegetable oils, namely canola, soybean and palm oil at a level of 3% showed optimal results in rumen fermentability and digestibility and were still in the normal range.
Keyword: Ca soap, canola oil, fermentability, in vitro, palm oil, soybean oil

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf