Judul: Institutional model for utilizing mining resources and it’s relation to regional development in Bone Bolango Regency in Gorontalo Province. (case study of governance guidelines of economy policy at mining sector after removing part of national park through revision of regional planning of Gorontalo Province)
Abstrak: Bone Bolango region located in Gorontalo Province covers an area of 188,006.43 Ha which consist of 142,664.38 Ha or 75,88% forest and 45,326,5 Ha or 24,22% is regional stated. The regency is endowed with rich mineral resources, yet it finds some difficulties in regional planning and developing in regional economics, based on existing land. The Government has already issued licenses for optimizing the mining resource called (Kontrak Karya) since 1971. In 2008 Minerals and Energy Resources Department calculated the deposit the value of mineral reached as much as $ 18,9 M, or equal with Rp 190 Trillion with price is 103,4/troy-once. Increased in mineral value and unclear land rights has created an un-fair competition and create conflicts over resources. This is impacted “institutional vacuum”. The Illegal Mining and social economy activities become informal institutional or shadow economy to fulfill the uncertainty of resources authority. The objectives of this study as follows: 1) provided historical perspective of changes in land ownership and to provide the map of identification, inventarization, occupied concession land using spatial analysis. 2) to analyze the economy feasibility of mining resources based on marketing structure and extraction aspects as well as at the ore, price and environmental fee and the effect for regional development using economics valuation and Hotelling model.3) developed an institutional framework for mining resources utilization for sustainable development using logistic regression analysis and institutional economic framewrok. Results are (1) the land use and land cover is dominated by forestry and agriculture is covered in Bulawa also Bone Raya sub districts. Property is covered in all sub districts. (2) sub district Bone Raya, Bulawa, Suwawa Timur, Bone and Bone Pantai sub district occupied in the land of consesion of this company. (3) the agriculture is covered in all sub districts, but Bone Raya and Bulawa is more much than the other sub districts. (4) Property also covered in all sub districts, such as Bone Raya, Bulawa and Bone sub districts. (5) illegal mining is more covered in Suwawa Timur sub district. Economic valuation showed that (1) IRR of investment is 21.3%, and NPV is $ 462.42 Billion, and payback period is 7,84 years, with the criteria of investment is evaluated by constant dollars. showed that production planning of gold, cooper, and silver of this company is feasible. (2) changed in discount rate of 5%, 8%, 10% and 15% will affect production on the first ten years only. The change of price from $ 900, $ 1200, $ 1600 to $ 2000 will tend to decrease extractio, yet it will not postpone the company for extraction planning. The change in environmental cost of 1%, 1,5%, and 5% will not change significantlt to the extraction. Variables that are significant to influence participation in mining sectors are age of respondent, education and socio-economics infrastructures. These will influence to reduce illegal mining and to form institutional framework. An institutional model is proposed to manage the mining revenues through multi stake holder institution.
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Judul: Model kelembagaan pengelolaan hutan lindung: kasus pengelolaan hutan lindung gunung damar di Propinsi Gorontalo
Abstrak: The main objective of this research is to formulate a model of institutional management of Gunung Damar Protected Forest (GDPF). This would be achieved by: 1) Measuring the performance of GDPF management; 2) Analyzing the ecological and social economics situation in GDPF; 3) Analyzing the formal regulations on protected forest management; 4). Assessing the stakeholder’s behavior in management and use of GDPF in the District of Gorontalo and the District of Bone Bolango. Some research methods employed include analysis of forest land cover change, quantitative description, content analysis, and stakeholder analysis. The study reveals that: 1) The land coverage of GDPF area in Gorontalo District has been reduced by 3361.21 ha or 46.98%, while in the Bone Bolango District by 2281.28 ha or 27.36%, meaning that the remaining forest cover of GDPF Gorontalo District is only about 33.93% Bone Bolango District is 67.76%; 2) The socio-economic and ecological situation in GDPF is a characteristic that causes a source of interdependence among individual, groups of people or organizations. The presence of settlements in the region GDPF accompanied by a sense of ownership of agricultural lands in the region GDPF Gorontalo District, the lack of information about the length of boundaries of GDPF, the weakness of law enforcement, the distances between residence and forest area have been the reasons for high exclusion costs, high transaction costs, joint impact goods, incompatibility, and surplus mainly in Gorontalo District; 3) there is no mechanism to devise sanctions and incentives in the process of assignment and establishment, forest area as well as of and management of the protected areas that could encourage the local governments to formulate programs to optimize the management and utilization of protected forests; 4) There are 18 stakeholders in Gorontalo District and 14 stakeholders in Bone Bolango District that have interest in the management of GDPF. There is mismatch between those organizations’ main tasks and the GDPF management activities, especially in the Gorontalo District. The research concludes: 1) the performance of GDPF management is better in Bone Bolango District than in Gorontalo District; 2) The socioeconomic and ecological situations in GDPF has created interdependence where the inherent characteristics associated with these situations are high exclusion costs, high transaction costs, joint impact of surplus goods and incompatibility that occurs especially in Gorontalo District. 3) There has not yet been any mechanism to devise sanctions and incentives that could encourage the local government to formulate programs to optimize the management and utilization of protected areas; 4) the government regulations are inadequate to control stakeholder behavior in the GDPF 5) Model of institution GDPF management can be formulate as follows; a) property rights: to strengthening tenure GDPF as state property, provide special rights to community that has been long settle in GDPF such as acces, withdrawal, management and exclusion, b) jurisdiction boundary; to complete boundary area in GDPF c) rule of representation; socialization function and benefit GDPF to all stakeholder
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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