Judul: Studi kandungan timbal pada beberapa jenis tanaman buah-buahan di tepi jalan raya Sindangbarang Bogor
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kandungan timbal (Pb) di dalam daun beberapa jenis tanaman buah- buahan yang hidup di sepanjang jalan Raya Sindangbarang, Bogor. Pohon-pohon yang ditanam di pinggir jalan sangat baik dalam mereduksi timbal udara emisi dari kendaraan bermotor. Hal itu disebabkan oleh terjerap (adsorpsi) dan terserap (absorpsi) partikel timbal pada daun dan kulit batang. Dari penelitian tersebut didapatkan hasil kandungan timbal terserap (absorpsi) sebagai berikut: rambutan (474.65 ppm), Pala (454.00 ppm), Jambu biji (440.60 ppm), nangka (432.70 ppm), lengkeng (410.90 ppm), jambu air (408.30 ppm), cereme (390.70 ppm), blimbing (386.45 ppm), alpukat (359.55 ppm), jambu bol (346.95 ppm), mangga (318.50 ppm) dan durian (318.15 ppm). Sedangkan untuk kandungan timbal terjerap adsorpsi adalah sebagai berikut: lengkeng (193.14 ppm), jambu bol (190.62 ppm), rambutan (183.37 ppm), alpukat (175.51 ppm), blimbing (165.58 ppm), (165.05 ppm), jambu biji (156.12 ppm), jambu air (150.25 ppm), cereme (133.04 ppm), nangka (137.78 ppm), mangga (100.82 ppm) dan durian (87.55 ppm). @ Kandungan timbal terserap (absropsi) untuk setiap jenis tanaman selalu lebih besar daripada kandungan timbal terjerap (adsorpsi). Begitu juga dengan kandungan timbal daun tua selalu lebih besar daripada kandungan timbal muda. Tanaman buah-buahan yang berada di tepi jalan Raya Sindangbarang Bogor sudah tercemari oleh timbal.
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Judul: Studi kandungan timbal pada beberapa jenis pohon pinggir jalan raya di jalan Sudirman Bogor
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui kandungan timbal (Pb) dalam daun pada beberapa jenis pohon pinggir jalan raya di jalan Sudirman Bogor. Jenis pohon contoh dipilih secara disengaja (purposive) dengan syarat : (a). Pohon tersebut tidak dihalangi oleh benda-benda lain dari tepi jalan raya, misalnya pohon lain, pagar tembok dan bangunan. (b). Pohon tersebut memiliki cabang yang mengarah ke jalan raya dan cabang pohon tersebut berada pada ketinggian antara 0,5 m hingga 3 m dari permukaan tanah. Berdasarkan syarat di atas diperoleh lima belas jenis pohon. Masing-masing dari jenis pohon tersebut diambil daun tua dan daun mudanya dari cabang pohon yang mengarah ke jalan raya. Daun tua dan daun muda dimasukkan ke dalam kantong plastik polyetylen secara terpisah. Masing-masing daun dicuci dengan aquades. Penetapan kandungan Pb dalam daun yang telah dicuci beserta dalam air cuciannya dilakukan dengan Spektrophotometer Serapan Atom (Atomic Absorption/Flame Spectrophotometer).
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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