Judul: Peta dan Tipe Vegetasi Rinci di Gunung Kendeng, Taman Nasional Gunung Haliinun, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: PEnelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat peta dan menentukan tipe vegetasi rinci di gunung Kendeng pada mintakat submontana. Penelitian dilakukan pada ketinggian tempat 1.200 m dpl dengan menggunakan metode Braun-Blanquet. Selain bermanfaat bagi peneliti dibidang botani/ekologi, hasil penelitian juga untuk mendukung pengelolaan kawasan konservasi.
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Judul: Klasifikasi vegetasi gunung endut, Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak, Banten
Abstrak: Perubahan status kawasan Gunung Endut dari hutan lindung menjadi bagian dari Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun Salak dan belum banyak diketahuinya data kuantitatif flora mengantarkan pentingnya penelitian mengenai klasifikasi vegetasi di kawasan tersebut. Klasifikasi tipe vegetasi juga merupakan salah satu faktor penting untuk kegiatan pengelolaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengklasifikasi vegetasi Gunung Endut secara fisiognomi, struktural dan floristik, serta mengkaji kaitan antara tipe vegetasi floristik dengan faktor abiotik dan perubahan struktur dan komposisi jenis tipe vegetasi floristik di sepanjang gradien lingkungan di Gunung Endut. Sampling dilakukan secara systematic sampling with random start. Tipe vegetasi tingkat aliansi ditentukan melalui ordinasi dengan analisis faktor dan asosiasi vegetasi ditentukan dengan analisis klaster. Tipe vegetasi tingkat fisiognomi struktural ditentukan dengan mengacu pada tipe vegetasi UNESCO dan NVCS. Statistik U-MannWhitney digunakan untuk melihat perbedaan faktor abiotik antara aliansi dan perbedaan antara struktur vegetasi. Uji Chi-Square (dan Spearman) dimanfaatkan untuk melihat hubungan antara asosiasi vegetasi dengan faktor abiotik, serta melihat preferensi pohon dominan terhadap faktor abiotik.
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Judul: Activity of chitooligomers produced by enzymatic hydrolisis upon proliferation of lymphocyte and cancer cells
Abstrak: Local chitin waste from crab industries can be used as a source for production of chitooligomers which has important biological activity. The aims of this research were to evaluate activities chitooligomers produced by enzymatic hydrolysis upon proliferation of lymphocyte and cancer cells. The chitosanase enzyme was obtained from thermophilic bacterium Bacillus licheniformis MB2 isolated from Tompaso Manado. The medium for producing the enzyme contained 1% colloidal chitosan and the enzyme was harvested after seven days of incubation at 55oC, The free cell supernatant were heated at 60 oC for 20 minutes. The heat stable protein enzyme was coagulated with 80% saturated ammonium sulphate and purified using hydrophobic interaction chromatography with butyl sepharose gel. The enzyme of 0.005, 0.0085, 0.10 dan 0,17 IU/mg chitosan were use on 1% soluble chitosan substrate with 85 and 90 % degree deacetylation to produce chitooligomers through incubation at one and three hours. The reaction products were analyzed and fractionated using HPLC. The effect of chitooligomers hidrolysate on normal cells and cancer cells was evaluated using lymphocyte cells previously isolated from human blood and cancer cells line : KR4 (lymphablastoid B), K-562 (chronic myelogenous leukimia), HeLa (epythel carcinoma cervix), and A549 (lung carcinoma ). The inhibition of cancer cells proliferation was visualized by spectrophotometer after addition of MTT reagent. At concentration of 17 ìg/ml the chitooligomers inhibited the cancer cells KR4 by 12.27%, K562 by 20.58%, HeLa by 31.72%, and A549 by 22.70%. In general, hidrolysate and fractionated chitooligomers (trimer to hexamer) showed better anticancer activity than 2-Bromo deoxy uridine used as positive control at similiar concentration. The inhibition 60% of lymphocyte cells was found when treated with chitooligomers hidrolysate from chitosan with 70% degree deacetylation. Fractionated chitooligomers (trimer to hexamer) 20% inhibited the lymphocytes. However, chitooligomers hidrolysate from chitosan with 85 and 90% degree deacetylation enhanced lymphocyte proliferation about 184.54%. K562, HeLa and A549 cancer cells treated with chitooligomers appeared to undergo apoptosis by 35%, 27%, and 8% respectively as shown by fluorescent microscopy. Disrupted membrane was found on cells treated with chitooligomers as observed by scanning electron mycroscope.
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