Judul: Aplikasi Model Algoritma Pendugaan Batimetri Perairan Dangkal di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu Menggunakan Citra Satelit Sentinel-2A
Abstrak: The comparison and application of log-linear transform and log-ratio transform algorithm models to produce shallow marine bathymetry maps on Tidung Island, Seribu Islands are still not widely studied. This study aims to compare and apply the better algorithm model in mapping shallow water bathymetry on Tidung Island, Seribu Islands. The goodness of fit test (determination test and chi-squared test) were used to see the level of suitability of the model in mapping shallow water bathymetry. The result shows that there is a tendency for the log-ratio transform algorithm tends to be the better model compared to the other algorithm for mapping bathymetry in Tidung Island, Seribu Islands with a determination value (R2) of 0.58 and a chi-squared (X2) with a value of 2.08. In contrast, the log-linear transform model has an R2 value of 0.57 and X2 of 2.17. This result was in accordance with the initial study of ocean color remote sensing (OCRS) development. The log-ratio transform algorithm was therefore used to map shallow water bathymetry on Tidung Island, Seribu Islands using the combination of blue-green and hand a range of 0 – 6 meters., Perbandingan dan pengaplikasian model algoritma log-linear transform dan log-ratio transform yang lebih sesuai dan cenderung lebih baik dalam memetakan batimetri perairan laut dangkal di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu masih belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh dan mengaplikasikan model algoritma yang lebih sesuai dan lebih baik dalam memetakan batimetri perairan dangkal di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu. Uji kesesuaian model (goodness of fit) melalui uji determinasi dan chi-squared digunakan untuk melihat tingkat kesesuaian model batimetri perairan dangkal. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa algoritma log-ratio transform merupakan model yang cenderung lebih baik dalam memetakan batimetri di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.58 dan nilai chi-squared (X2) sebesar 2.08, sementara model log-linear transform memiliki nilai R2 sebesar 0.57 dan nilai X2 sebesar 2.17. Hasil ini sesuai dengan kajian awal dikembangkannya ocean color remote sensing (OCRS). Pemetaan batimetri perairan dangkal dengan menggunakan citra satelit Sentinel-2A di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu yang didapatkan dari model log-ratio transform dengan menggunakan kombinasi kanal biru-hijau memiliki rentang kedalaman 0 – 6 meter.
Keyword: Algorithm, bathymetry, goodness of fit, shallow water, Tidung Island, Algoritma, batimetri, perairan laut dangkal, Pulau Tidung, uji kesesuaian

Judul: Pengembangan Algoritma untuk Pemetaan Batimetri Perairan Dangkal Menggunakan Citra Sentinel-2A di Pulau Kelapa Dua
Abstrak: Pengembangan algoritma untuk pemetaan perairan dangkal dari citra satelit sudah banyak dilakukan namun belum ada algoritma yang baku untuk semua perairan. Tingkat akurasi algoritma yang dikembangkan berbeda untuk perairan yang berbeda. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan dan mengaplikasikan algoritma yang terbaik dalam memetakan batimetri perairan dangkal di Pulau Kelapa Dua. Penelitian ini membandingkan aplikasi algoritma log-linear transform dan log-ratio transform untuk pemetaan perairan dangkal di Pulau Kelapa Dua. Pemetaan batimetri perairan dangkal dengan model log-linear transform dan log-ratio transform menggunakan citra satelit Sentinel-2A dengan kombinasi kanal biru-hijau. Proses pengolahan citra satelit meliputi pra-pengolahan citra, pengaplikasian algoritma log-transform dan uji kesesuaian. Uji kesesuaian model (goodness of fit) melalui analisis uji determinasi, uji chi-squared dan uji RMSE digunakan untuk melihat tingkat kesesuaian model batimetri perairan dangkal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa algoritma log-ratio transform cenderung lebih baik dalam memetakan batimetri di Pulau Kelapa Dua dengan nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.64, uji chi-squared (X2) sebesar 3.52 dan uji RMSE sebesar 0.648, sementara itu algoritma log-linear transform memiliki nilai koefisien determinasi (R2) sebesar 0.61, uji chi-squared (X2) sebesar 3.80 dan uji RMSE sebesar 0.742. Kedalaman perairan dangkal di Pulau Kelapa Dua adalah pada kisaran kedalaman 0 - 7 m., The algorithms development for shallow-water mapping from satellite imagery has been widely conducted, however there is no standardized algorithm for all kinds of waters. Various kinds of developed algorithms have different accuracy levels for each type of water. This research aims to compare and apply which algorithm is best for mapping the bathymetry of shallow waters on Kelapa Dua Island. The study compares the application of log-linear transform and log-ratio transform algorithms for mapping shallow water around Kelapa Dua Island. The bathymetry mapping is conducted with the log-linear transform and log-ratio transform models using Sentinel-2A satellite imagery with a combination of blue-green channels. Satellite image processing includes image pre-processing, application of the log-transform algorithms, and suitability testing. Suitability testing of the models (goodness of fit) through determination analysis, the chi-squared test, and the RMSE test is used to assess the level of suitability of the shallow water bathymetry models. The results of the analysis show the log-ratio transform algorithm tends to perform better in mapping bathymetry on Kelapa Dua Island with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.64, the chi-squared test (X2) of 3.52, and the RMSE test of 0.648. While the log-linear transform algorithm has a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.61, chi-squared test (X2) of 3.80, and RMSE test of 0.742, the depth of shallow waters around Kelapa Dua Island ranges from 0-7 m.
Keyword: Log-linear transform, Log-ratio transform, Pemetaan batimetri, Perairan dangkal, Sentinel-2A

Judul: Inducible and constitutive synthesis of penicillinase by staphylococcus aureus
Abstrak: When tested quantitatively for the production of penicillinase, eighteen of one hundred and twenty-two naturally occurring penicillin-resistant staphylococci were classified as constitutive or microconstitutive. Fourteen of the constitutive strains were not typable, the other four were lysed by group III phage. The inducible and constitutive strains of Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to concentrations of mercuric chloride that inhibited strains sensitive to penicillin. Transfer of the penicillinase determinant by transduction from a microconstitutive strain to a sensitive strain resulted in recombinants that produced inducible penicillinase.
Keyword: Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcal penicillinase, Bacteriophage