Judul: Identifikasi Aktinomiset Endofit Asal Tanaman Obat Berdasarkan 16S rRNA
Abstrak: Indigenous actinomycetes are known to have high biodiversity and chance to acquire a novel species. Various plants bioactive compounds with many functions may also be produced by endophytic microbes including actinomycetes. Many actinomycetes have been isolated from various medicinal plants. The research aimed to identify selected endophytic actinomycets from Curcuma xanthorrhiza (CX 10.1), Guazuma ulmifolia Lamk (AJB 4(1)), and Centella asiatica (AEP-2) based on 16S rRNA. Selected isolates of endophytic actinomycetes were grown in Yeast Starch Agar (YSA). DNA genome was isolated from CX 10.1, AJB 4(1), and AEP-2 isolates respectively, using Genomic DNA Mini Kit followed by amplification of 16S rRNA with PCR. PCR product was sequenced and analyzed by bio-informatics software to construct phylogenetic tree. The morphology colony of CX 10.1 did not produce aerial mycelium and spore chain type. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence, CX 10.1 isolate was closed related with Micromonospora aurantiaca strain DSM 43813, Micromonospora coxensis strain 2-30-b(28) and Micromonospora krabiensis strain MA-2 with maximum identity 97%, 96% and 96% respectively. Meanwhile, morphology colony of AJB 4(1) and AEP-2 produced brown grey and white aerial mycelium, respectively and both of isolates produced Spiral spore chain type. The 16S rRNA sequence of AJB 4(1) showed to have the close relationship with Streptomyces misionensis strain NRRL B- 3230, Streptomyces africanus strain CPJVR-H, and Streptomyces eurythermus strain ATCC 14975, with maximum identity 98%, 97% and 97% respectively. The 16S rRNA sequence of AEP-2 showed close related with Streptomyces galilaeus strain JCM 4757,with 96% of maximum identity, while the close relatedness with both Streptomyces flavogriseus strain CBS 101.34, and S. polyantibioticus strain SPR; DSM 44925 was 95%. The maximum identity of AEP-2 was less then 97% and with further identification approaches may indicate a novel species.
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Judul: Identifikasi Cendawan Endofit Asal Tanaman Obat dan Penapisan Potensinya sebagai Antibakteri
Abstrak: Endophytic fungi are microorganisms living in plant tissue without causing any harm to its host. The fungi can be found in all plants including medicinal plants. Endophytic fungi produced variety of bioactive compounds such as antibacterial substances. This research aimed to identify 3 isolates of endophytic fungi JBa8, JMa3, and SLbt3 which were isolated from medicinal plants and to screen their potency as source of antibacterial compounds. Identification of endophytic fungi was performed based on morphological characteristics and DNA barcode using ITS region. Antibacterial test was conducted against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enteropathogenic Escherichia coli (EPEC) K1-1, and microflora E. coli by antagonism technique and agar diffusion method using mycelia extract with methanol solvent. The inhibition activity of fungal extract on bacterial tested was observed on the day 3rd, 7th, 10th, and 14th after incubation by measuring clear zone around the colonies. The 3 isolates were tentatively identified as Fusarium solani for JBa8, Fusarium sp. for JMa3, and Colletotrichum sp. for SLbt3. Antibacterial activities were observed in F. solani and Fusarium sp. which were isolated from jati belanda (Guazuma ulmifolia) and jahe merah (Zingiber officinale), respectively. F. solani inhibited the growth of EPEC K1-1, whereas Fusarium sp. suppressed P. aeruginosa with clear zone produced was 12 mm. Fusarium sp. had antibacterial activity similar with that of 8 μg/mL cefotaxime positive control. The F. solani antibacterial activity, however, was lower than the two positive control concentrations used. Colletotrichum sp. isolated from sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) did not have any antibacterial to all bacteria tested.
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Judul: Karakteristik lompatan hidrolik terhadap pelimpah terjunan pada saluran segi empat
Abstrak: Aliran dengan kecepatan tinggi dalam kondisi superkritis yang melintasi bangunan pelimpah, sebelum bergerak lebih jauh ke arah hilir saluran dimana bilangan Froude (F) lebih besar dari satu harus diubah menjadi aliran subkritis dimana bilangan Froudenya lebih kecil dari satu. Aliran yang meninggalkan kaki pelimpah merupakan aliran yang memiliki kandungan energi yang amat berarti sehingga dapat menimbulkan pengikisan yang besar. Pengubahan bilangan Froude dari kondisi superkritis ke subkritis dimaksudkan agar terjadi perubahan kandungan energi, sehingga aliran menjadi non erosive. Agar daya erosive aliran dapat berkurang, maka biasanya pada bagian hilir dari bangunan pelimpah dibuatkan suatu bangunan peredam energi. Erosi yang terjadi di hilir bangunan pelimpah dapat disebabkan dari keberadaan bangunan pelimpah itu sendiri, maupun bangunan peredam energi yang kurang tepat. Hal ini terutama menyangkut beberapa kejadian lompatan hidrolik yang timbul pada bangunan peredam energi tersebut.. Suatu metode yang efektif untuk menjamin bahwa lompatan hidrolik selalu terjadi pada daerah yang dilindungi, adalah dengan menggunakan bangunan peredam energi yang terdiri dari beberapa tipe dengan..dst
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