Judul: Evaluasi Kualitas Protein Pakan Berbasis Kerami Padi Dengan Daun Murbei Sebagai Pengganti Konsentrat Pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole.
Abstrak: Limbah pertanian khususnya jerami padi memiliki potensi yang cukup besar sebagai sumber pakan ternak ruminansia karena ketersediaannya cukup berlimpah dan berkesinambungan, terutama di Indonesia. Pemanfaatan jerami padi harus diimbangi dengan penambahan pakan berkualitas yang pada umumnya berupa konsentrat. Daun murbei merupakan salah satu sumber bahan pakan alternatif yang berpotensi cukup tinggi untuk meningkatkan produktivitas ternak karena memiliki kandungan nutrien yang baik, terutama sebagai sumber protein. Ransum dengan kadar protein yang sama bisa jadi memiliki tingkat fermentabilitas, ketahanan protein terhadap degradasi rumen, kecernaan protein oleh enzim pencernaan pasca rumen dan sintesis protein mikroba yang berbeda-beda. Oleh karena itu kadar protein ransum yang tinggi tidak dapat menjamin bahwa ransum tersebut berkualitas baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas protein daun murbei sebagai pengganti konsentrat bila dikombinasikan dengan jerami padi.
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Judul: Evaluasi Kualitas Protein Pakan Berbasis Jerami Padi Dengan Daun Murbei Sebagai Pengganti Konsentrat Pada Sapi Peranakan Ongole
Abstrak: Rice straw is the predominant dry season feed for cattle, despite its low nutritive value. It is deficient in readily fermentable energy, nitrogen, minerals and vitamins, and cannot provide for optimum microbial growth in the rumen or tissue development of the host. Mulberry belongs to the genus Morus of the family Moraceae. Mulberry (M. alba) foliage, characterized by its high digestibility and good protein content, has great possibilities for use in animal feeding, both for ruminants and for monogastrics. The aim of this experiment was to investigate and evaluate quality of protein content from the ration based on rice straw, which is combinated with mulberry to substitute the concentrate as feed for cattle. The experiment was conducted for 56 days with the adaptation periods for 2 weeks. This experiment used completely randomized design, with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P1 as control (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate), P2 (50% rice straw + 25% concentrate + 25% Mulberry leaves), P3 (50% rice straw + 50% Mulberry leaves). This experiment used 217.16 ± 10.53 kg male ongole crossbreed. The variables measured were protein consumption, protein digestibility, nitrogen retention, NH3 concentration, allantoin urine and total VFA concentration. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test further tested the significant differences. The cattle given P2 treatment showed the best result for protein consumption (0.96 kg/d) compared to P3 (0.86 kg/d), allantoin urine (1.73 g/d) compared to P1 (2.23 g/d) and total VFA concentration (108.75 mM) compared to P1 (75.33 mM). It can be concluded that quality of mulberry leaves protein can be used to substitute 50% concentrate in the ration as feed protein resources for ruminants especially increasing protein consumption, allantoin urine and total VFA. Keywords: Protein, mulberry, rice straw, cattle
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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