Judul: Karakteristik Tegakan Hutan Rakyat Sengon di Desa Tonjongsari, Kecamatan Cikalong, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: The high demand for wood industry encouraged the increasing of private forest, particularly in Java. One of the most popular species to be planted is Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria). The objectives of this study is to determine how about characteristics of the Sengon growing stock of private forest by agroforestry system land cover. The study was carried out in Tonjongsari Village, Cikalong District, Tasikmalaya Residence, West Java Province. Purposivelly sampling with 64 total sample plots were spread evenly in seven hamlets. The characteristics stand curve determined by De Liocourt’s equation or Poisson curve (Husch 2003) and three physical factors (elevation classes, slope classes, and land ownership classes). The results shows that potential of sengon is 112,88 m3/ha obtained in the interval 92.49 m3/ha to 133.27 m3/ha with the SE of 18.06%. Allometric models are formed to describe the shape of farm forest in the Tonjongsari Village is N = (475.4) e-0, 10d. The curve shape resembling the reverse of letter "J" shows that sengon stands in the Tonjongsari village still exhibit properties normally as the uneven-aged natural forests. Chi-square test and twoway ANOVA test based on the physically factors shows that the characteristics of the farm forest stands in the Tonjongsari village strongly influenced by land ownership classes, wich related to differences in the level of economic conditions of the forest farmers. Forest management systems is still based on traditional or local knowledge, handed down from generation to generation by their ancestors. The sustainable yield of sengon stands in Tonjongsari village visible to be developed for supply the row material of wood industry.
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Judul: Sistem Pengelolaan Hutan Rakyat Jenis Sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen) di Desa Burat, Kecamatan Kepil, Kabupaten Wonosobo
Abstrak: Forest is one of renewable resources. The goal of forest management and forest utilization is to increase society welfare without aside it’s sustainable aspect. In fact, there are several things that supposed to be maximal on forest management, especially in community forest. Community forest has simple management it also has diversity on geographical place and treatment from its land holder. With several ways on developing community forest and also more intensive community forest management with sustainable ways together with support capability from community forest resources potency, exertion activity , environmental dynamics and the other factors are expected to form community forest as a certain business strategic that capable to maintain sustainable production and utilization that also put forest sustainable as priority. This research main objective is to learn community forest management and tabulate systemization of sustainable production planning of community forest at Burat Village, Kepil Sub-District, Wonosobo Regency, Central Java. Data taken in this research includes primary data from direct interview to land holder as producer, merchant, craftsman industry and timber industry. Secondary data taken from Forestry Department of Wonosobo Regency, Kepil Sub-District office, Burat Village office and internet browsing. Analysis method that use in this research are qualitative analysis for secondary data based on interview result and quantitative analysis for sengon species potency as primary data that taken based on simple sampling technique. Burat Village community forest has a simple management; it is proven by phases of utilization activity including planting, cultivation, harvesting, and marketing that haven’t follow the same pattern of management activity. This is occurring by ineffective management information that implement to all land holders at Burat community forest. There’s also misdistribution on supporting factors such as facility and infrastructure in Burat Village community forest. Institutional system and policy also cannot deliver utmost support for development of Burat Village sengon community forest management. Rotation on every sub-village is determined by range of rotation on existing condition; there are two different rotations which is 6 years rotation (Geger Jeruk and Krungsung sub village) and 7 years rotation (Burat, Kalibarong, Kalinongko, Kaliwang and Krajan sub village). Sustainability concept for every sub village that implemented 6 years rotation is range 1069 – 1118 trees/ha that can be harvest or replant, 3 years period 535 – 559 trees/ha, 1 year period 1178 – 186 trees/ha, 6 months period 89 – 93 trees/ha and for 3 months period 45 – 47 trees/ha. Sustainability concept for every sub village that implemented 7 years rotation is range 226 – 893 trees/ha that can be harvest or replant, 3 years period 97 – 383 trees/ha, 1 year period 32 – 128 trees/ha, 6 months period 16 – 64 trees/ha and for 3 months period 8 – 32 trees/ha.
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Judul: Influenza Specific Immunoglobulin Y Purification from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Precipitation Method
Abstrak: Imunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) yang terdapat dalam kuning telur telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk imunoterapi dan imunodiagnostik. Salah satu kendala dalam pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur adalah pemisahan Ig dengan lemak, sehingga teknik pemurnian Ig selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan menggunakan sodium chloride (NaCl) serta melakukan karakterisasi IgY spesifik influenza. Sodium chloride dipilih karena bahan kimia ini relatif murah, ramah lingkungan, dan tidak merusak imunoaktivitas IgY. Kuning telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Flubio® yang berisi virus Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 dan B/Washington. Pemurnian IgY hanya dilakukan pada kuning telur yang mengandung antibodi spesifik influenza. Deteksi keberadaan antibodi spesifik influenza ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP) dan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Konsentrasi IgY hasil pemurnian dihitung dengan spektrofotometer dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Konsentrasi protein dari hasil pemurnian IgY memiliki nilai rata – rata 50,403 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan enam pita protein, yaitu struktur IgY utuh (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), rantai berat IgY (66,54 kDa), Fab ( 47,65 kDa), rantai ringan IgY (21,85 kDa), dan β-livetin (36,74 kDa). IgY hasil pemurnian masih dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza berdasarkan uji ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian IgY menggunakan metode pengendapan NaCl dapat memurnikan IgY dengan struktur utuh, meskipun masih ada dua protein tidak spesifik hasil pemurnian. IgY yang dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza mengindikasikan prospek pemanfaatannya untuk pencegahan influenza dan imunodiagnostik., Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) contained in egg yolk has been widely used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. One of the obstacles in IgY purification from egg yolk is separating Ig from fat, so that IgY purification techniques are always developing. This study aimed to purify IgY from egg yolk using sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method and to characterize influenza-specific IgY. Sodium chloride was chosen because this chemical is relatively unexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not impair IgY immunoactivity. The egg yolks used in this study were collected from layer eggs vaccinated with the Flubio® influenza vaccine, which contains the Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B/Washington viruses. IgY purification was only carried out on egg yolks containing influenza specific antibodies. The presence of influenza-specific antibodies was determined by the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The purified IgY concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, and protein characterization was performed using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Protein concentration from purification has a mean value of 50,403 mg/mL . SDS-PAGE result showed six protein bands, namely intact IgY structure (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), IgY heavy chain (66,54 kDa), Fab (47,65 kDa), IgY light chain (21,85 kDa), and β-livetin (36,74 kDa). The purified IgY still able to bind with influenza antigen based on the ELISA test. The results of this study indicate that purification of IgY using the NaCl precipitation method can purify IgY with intact structure, although there are still two unspecific proteins in the purification results. The resulting IgY can bind to influenza antigens indicating the
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, influenza, egg yolk, purification, sodium chloride