Judul: Analisis Ekologi Bentanglahan untuk Penentuan Potensi Sumberdaya Air (Studi Kasus: DAS Cimadur, Banten)
Abstrak: Indonesia was predicted would have water crisis in 2025 in the World Water Forum II in the Hague in March 2000. Most of the cause has been by the weaknesses in water management. Study of water and its high demand has been associated with shapes and physical characteristics of an area. Topographic factors play an important role in determining spatial pattern water resources. In this research, Topographic Wetness Index (TWI) is implemented to determine spatial pattern of surface water saturation zone. Cimadur watershed was selected as one of main watersheds in Lebak, Banten which has been contributing on flood hazard. Study on TWI in Cimadur watershed has became important because it could show distribution points containing concentration of water and therefore useful for determining potential inundation as well as areas potentially storing water in the watershed. This research aims to: (1) Identify types of landform, land use, and slopes using remote sensing data (Google Earth imagery, ALOS AVNIR-2 imagery, and SRTM imagery), (2) Conduct analysis of TWI to obtain the distribution of spatial pattern of surface water saturation zones, and (3) Conduct an analysis of the landscape ecology (landform, land use, slope, and grade TWI) using landform as unit of analysis for determination of potential water storage. Landscape ecological analysis shows that Cimadur watershed is dominated by Tertiary denudational volcanic landforms (DV1 and DV2), which covers 10.046 Ha, mixed-use garden covers 8.952 Ha, the slope of 15-30% (steep) covers 8.534 Ha, and middle TWI class (= grade 2) covers 20.987 Ha. It shows that ecological conditions in test site are still at safe water saving, however, the area is fairly vulnerable to climate change or land cover/land use change. These are due to dynamics of water flow in the area during rainy and dry seasons.
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Judul: Analysis of Cidanau River Discharge using SWAT Application.
Abstrak: management. The water demand always increases in line with the growths of population, industry and business, but the water availability is ascertained to satisfy those needs continuously. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze water availability in a specified watershed integrated with various aspects in hydrology. The objective of this study was to determine water availability in Cidanau watershed by analysing the relationship of rainfall and river discharge using the Soil and Water Assesment Tool (SWAT). The watershed is located in Banten Province and covering 22 620 ha. Input data were Digital Elevation Models, land use, and soil map. The procedures were including collection and process of climate data, trend analysis of water availability, determination of dry periods, discharge measurements, discharge analysis and calibration using SWAT. The results showed that water demand would reach 2.854 m3/s in 2020 while the estimated of average discharge was 5.282 m3/s, and the minimum discharge was 0.5 to 1 m3/s. Dry periods occurred from May to October with the average of 171 days per year. SWAT has generated 461 HRU that described the spatial condition of the whole watershed. Calculated discharges with SWAT compared to the measured discharges having The Nash-Sutcliffe Index of 0.534, and correlation coefficient of 0.68. Since this study used limited data then further studies should be continued by collecting more data of discharges and climates.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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