Judul: Penentuan Rute Pendistribusian Beras untuk Keluarga Sejahtera di Perum Bulog Subdivre Ponorogo
Abstrak: Masalah pendistribusian produk untuk memenuhi permintaan pelanggan merupakan hal penting bagi sebuah perusahaan karena banyak rute yang harus dipilih selama proses distribusi dan terdapat kendala lain yang harus dipenuhi dalam rangka menentukan biaya distribusi seminimum mungkin. Dalam karya ilmiah ini akan dibahas pendistribusian beras untuk keluarga sejahtera (rastra) dari beberapa gudang milik Perum Bulog ke beberapa desa/kelurahan di kabupaten Ponorogo. Perusahaan memiliki sejumlah kendaraan dengan kapasitas angkutnya masing-masing. Terdapat tiga kasus yang menjadi bahasan dalam karya ilmiah ini, yaitu (1) penentuan rute distribusi dengan pendistribusian terpisah, (2) penentuan rute distribusi dengan multitrip, serta (3) penentuan rute distribusi dengan kombinasi multitrip dan pendistribusian dilakukan terpisah. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa rute pendistribusian rastra yang meminimumkan total biaya distribusi.
Keyword: Bulog, distribusi, multidepot, multitrip, rastra, split-deliveries, vehicle routing problem

Judul: The Application of Genetic Algorithm in Vehicle Routing Problem and Its Implementation on Rastra Distribution
Abstrak: Rute pendistribusian kendaraan terkait proses distribusi produk merupakan masalah yang dihadapi produsen dalam memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen. Penentuan rute distribusi kendaraan atau vehicle routing problem (VRP) bertujuan menentukan rute dan penggunaan kendaraan agar biaya yang dikeluarkan minimal. Pada penelitian ini akan dibahas rute pendistribusian kendaraan untuk mengantarkan beras sejahtera dari beberapa gudang penyimpanan ke desa/kelurahan tertentu yang dimiliki Perum Bulog kabupaten Ponorogo untuk satu dari dua belas periode. Salah satu desa/kelurahan memiliki permintaan yang melebihi kapasitas kendaraan, sehingga lokasi tersebut dapat dikunjungi kendaraan dengan pendistribusian terpisah. VRP dapat diselesaikan menggunakan metode eksak dan metode heuristik. Metode heuristik genetic algorithm dengan pencarian solusi awal melalui nearest neighbour diterapkan untuk masalah pendistribusian beras pada periode di Perum Bulog. Solusi yang dihasilkan oleh metode heuristik memiliki waktu yang lebih cepat dibandingkan solusi metode eksak., The vehicle distribution route related to the product distribution process is a problem faced by manufacturers in meeting consumer needs. Determination of vehicle distribution routes or vehicle routing problem (VRP) aims to determine the route and use of vehicles so that the costs incurred are minimal. In this study the route of distribution of vehicles to deliver prosperous rice from several storage warehouses to certain villages will be discussed, which is owned by Perum Bulog in Ponorogo Regency for one of the twelve periods. One of the village has a demand that exceeds the vehicle capacity, so that the location can be visited by vehicles with split delivery. VRP can be solved using exact methods and heuristic methods. The heuristic genetic algorithm method by searching for an initial solution through the nearest neighbour is applied to the problem of distributing rice during the period at Perum Bulog. The solution produced by the heuristic methods has a faster time than the solution of the exact methods.
Keyword: distribution, heuristic method, multidepot, split delivery, vehicle routing problem

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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