Judul: Uji inokulasi Ganoderma spp. terhadap tanaman sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) sebagai tanaman penaung kakao (Theobroma cacao)
Abstrak: Ganoderma spp. adalah jamur penyebab penyakit busuk akar yang menyerang tanaman sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria) dan kakao (Theobroma cacao). Penanganan dari penyakit busuk akar relatif sulit dilakukan, sehingga perlu dikembangkan teknik pengendalian Ganoderma spp. yang lebih aplikatif. Salah satu upaya untuk mengembangkan teknik pengendalian penyakit tersebut adalah dengan melakukan uji inokulasi. Pada umumnya Ganoderma spp. ditemukan di lapangan pada tanaman yang sudah dewasa, namun untuk efektifitas waktu dan materi maka perlu dikembangkan teknik inokulasi pada tanaman tingkat semai. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menemukan teknik inokulasi Ganoderma spp. yang efektif terhadap bibit tanaman sengon usia semai.
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Judul: Uji patogenitas Ganoderma spp. terhadap bibi tanaman sengon (Paraserienthes falcataria (L) Nielsen)
Abstrak: This research is based on the attack of Ganoderma spp to a protector plant, sengon. This attack has made a lot of coffee and cacao plantations suffers a great loss. Therefore, it is really important to do a specific research on the process of the inoculation of Ganoderma spp, to prevent such attack. The aim of this research is to understand how the effect of the inoculation to the sengon seed. This research was conducted from October 2009 - March 2010 and held in a greenhouse of Department of Silviculture and Forest Disease Laboratory of the Department of Silviculture. The tools used for research purposes are: SPSS, tally sheet, lid. The materials for this research are the seeds sengon age one and a half months, the timber (diameter 3, 4, and 5 cm), PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) and isolates of Ganoderma species 1 (samples from lamtoro Ciamis area) and species 2 (sample from plants in the region sengon Ciamis) derived from the collection of Forest Pathology Laboratory and will be called SP1 and SP2. There are two majors in the research i.e. non inoculation and inoculation treatments. Each treatment consisted of three observation blocks that are considered equal and each block consisted of four plants as replicates. The non inoculation treatments are all combinations of root and foodbase treatments. Foodbase treatment itself is divided into two i.e. wood piece with varying size (3, 4, and 5 cm diameters) and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) without inoculation of Ganoderma spp.. The total of treatments are 10. Inoculation treatments are a combination of various treatments of root and foodbase which has inoculated with Ganoderma spp.. Type of Ganoderma spp. were also included in a combination. The total number of inoculation is 15 treats. In general, the result of control treatments calculation has a better average growth compared to the inoculation treatment. This result can be seen on the accretion parameter of heights and leaflets. It is possible to do the observation on the treatment of the inoculation with the negative growth tendencies. The height measurement seed, according to the regulation of The Minister of Forestry no.3 in 2004, is the height measurement from the base of the plant seed to the top growing spot using centimeter unit. From that definition, if the growing point is dead, then the growing spot underneath can be able to replace it, so the height will reduced. The calculation on pathogenity test shows that Ganoderma SP2 has more pathogenic than Ganoderma SP1. This result can be seen on the heights of seeds that were inoculated with Ganoderma SP2 are lesser than the heights of seeds that were inoculated with Ganoderma SP1. On the root treatment application, both controls and treatments blocks show the better growth from sengon seedlings using root cutting treatment. This result corresponds with Deselina works (1999), where root cutting will produce more vigor seeds and stronger roots. This positive result of root cutting application in inoculation treatment, tells us that infection rate of Ganoderma spp is slower than the healing process as the effect of the cutting.
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Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg