Judul: Strategi penjaminan emisi dalam initial public offerings
Abstrak: Dalam karya ilmiah ini dibahas suatu persaingan yang tejadi antar zntdenviler pada suatu perusahaan yang akan melakukan IPO. IP0 (initial Public Offerings)a lah suatu peristiwa dimana untuk pertamakalinya petusahaan menjual atau menawarkan sahamnya kepada publik (masyarakat umum) di pasar modal (Neil1 et al., 1995 dalam Endang Puspo, 2005). Pada umumnya alasan utama perusahaan melakukan penawaran umum adaIah menghimpun dana dari masyarakat untuk mengatasi adanya masalah keuangan di dalam perusahaan. Sebenarnya perusahaan dapat meminjam modal kepada Bank, akan tetapi karena ha1 ini bersifat hutang maka perusahaan hams mengembalikan pinjaman dalam jumlah dan jangka waktu yang telah ditentukan. Dengan melakukan penawaran umum melalui PO di pasar perdana, perusahaan dapat menghimpun dana dari masyarakat yang relatif besar serta tidak wajib dikembalikan.
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Judul: Analysis of the firm's financial performance pre and post ipo on the indonesian stock exchange
Abstrak: Initial Public Offering (IPO) ataugo publicadalah proses dimana sebuah perusahaan menjadi perusahaan publik dengan tujuan untuk menunjang kebutuhan modal dan mendukung operasional bisnis. Keputusan perusahaan untuk memperluas bisnisnya melalui IPO didasarkan pada beberapa alasan, baik kebutuhan finansial maupun non finansial perusahaan. Namun apapun motifnya,keputusan untukgo publicselalu memiliki implikasi keuangan, akuntansi dan operasional bagi perusahaan. Namun, sering kali terjadi penurunan kinerja perusahaan setelah melakukan IPO. Dimana seharusnya terjadi peningkatan kinerja perusahaan akibat penambahan modal perusahaan yang didapat ketika perusahaan melakukan IPO. Sedangkan, bagi investor kinerja perusahaan yang baik dapat tercermin dalam kinerja keuangan perusahaan dan harga saham itu sendiri.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan kinerja keuangan perusahaan sebelum dan setelah IPO, menganalisis pengaruh kinerja keuangan perusahaan terhadap harga saham dan interaksi kinerja keuangan perusahaan dengan COVID-19 terhadap harga saham. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan merupakan 31 perusahaan yang IPO pada tahun 2019 dengan data laporan keuangan 3 tahun (2016-2018) sebelum dan 3 tahun (2019-2021) setelah IPO. Metode analisis yang digunakan yaitu dengan analisis deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan data yang diteliti, analisis uji beda (Wilcoxon Signed Rank Test) untuk menganalisis kinerja keuangan perusahaan sebelum dan setelah IPO, serta regresi data panel dengan variabel moderasi untuk melihat pengaruh kinerja keuangan perusahaan terhadap harga saham dan interaksi kinerja keuangan perusahaan dengan COVID-19 terhadap harga saham. Variabel yang digunakan untuk uji beda melingkupi ROA, ROE, DAR, DER, CR, TATO dan GR. Sedangkan untuk melihat pengaruh kinerja keuangan terhadap harga saham, peneliti menggunakan PBV, EPS, DER, CR dan GR, serta COVID-19 sebagai variabel moderasi. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada seluruh rasio keuangan yang diteliti setelah melakukan IPO. Secara parsial nilai PBV dan GR berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham. Sedangkan DER berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap harga saham. Selain itu, COVID-19 mampu memperkuat DER dalam mempengaruhi harga saham., A company's initial public offering (IPO) is the process by which it becomes a publicly traded company in order to support its capital requirements and ongoing business operations. The company's decision to expand its business through an IPO is based on both financial and non-financial considerations. Regardless of the motivations, a company's decision to go public always has financial, accounting,and operational consequences. After an initial public offering, a company's performance typically declines. There should be an improvement in the company's performance as a result of the addition of corporate capital acquired through the IPO. Good company performance for investors can be reflected in the company's financial performance and its stock price. The study aims to analyse the differences in the financial performance of the company before and after the IPO, the influence of the firm's financial performance on the stock price, and the interaction of the corporative financial performance with COVID-19 on the share price. The sample consisted of 31 companies that went public in 2019, with financial report data from three years prior (2016–2018) and three years after (2019–2021) the IPO. Descriptive analysis is used to describe the surveyed data,Wilcoxon signed rank test is used to analyze the financial performance of the company before and after the IPO, and panel data regression with moderation variables to
Keyword: Company Value, COVID-19, Financial Performance, Initial Public Offering (IPO)

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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