Judul: Analysis of the impact of the community collaborated Forest management (PHBM) on the community Income and the Environment in Konto Watershed, Malang.
Abstrak: The pressure of population, economy, and politic contributed to natural re;?urces exploitation and land degradation including forestry. Generally, forest maalagement in lava is managed by Forest State Enterprise-FSE (Perum Perhutani). ~nopolization has caused social conflicts and forest damage. The objectives of this re!!arch are: (l) to determine community income and income per capita per day, (2) tOfnalyze factors influence to community on successfulness of PHBM program, (3) toc)\nalyze community's perception of PHBM program, (4) to analyze factors of c@munity knowledge on PHBM Program. Field observation, interview, and study Iitiratures were conducted to collect the data. The results of this research are: In N~ntang sub district, wages and rice field contributed to main income, but in Pujon in~me is determined mainly from private, non-private land and dairy milk. In NiJantang income per capita per day less than US $1.55 and it is categorized poor, but in:Pujon it is more than US $ 1.55 so it categories as welfare state condition. "Gini R:tio Analysis" shows that state's land give important contribution to income and la~ authority equity. Successful of PHBM Program is affected by age, income, how tdgbuy land and any other a alternatives, except land authority from Perhutani and h~band or wife perception. Perception of PHBM is influenced by income, formal education, secondary jobs, extensions and wife knowledge about PHBM program
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Judul: Community based protection forest management program in kesatuan pemangkuan hutan perhutani bandung selatan : analysis of economic household behaviors
Abstrak: The Island of Java is inhabited by more than 60 % of Indonesian population. Imbalanced redistribution of population and land control has caused pressure to the environment, particularly the natural resources. A breakthrough to overcome the degradation of environment resulted from the population desperate need for land is a Community Based Forest Management Program (CBFMP) which provides the community with opportunity to develop agroforestry activities in the forest. The objectives of this research consist of : (1) to analyze the factors that influence the economic decision by households in time allocation for work, production, income, and expenditure, (2) to make a simulation of the effect of changes in the external and internal factors on households’ economic behaviors, and (4) to analyze the institutional aspects related to partnership contract in CBFMP. The analysis consisted of two household economic models, namely, CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle. Alternative policies were simulated in econometric models in the form of simultaneous equations consisting of 13 structural equations and 15 identity equations for the model of Coffee CBFMP, and 14 structural equations and 20 identity equations for the model of Grass and Cattle CBFMP. The method of Two-stage Least Squares (2 SLS) was used to estimate the parameters of structural equations. The research analyzed 12 simulation scenarios consisting of 12 external factors change (policy factors) impact. In general, Scenario 9 (the combined scenarios of the decreased debt rate with the increased price of input and labor wages) and Scenario 5 (the combined scenarios of the increased price of output with the increased price of input and labor wages) can be recommended as the best policy to empower the community around the forest (CBFMP for Coffee and CBFMP for Grass & Cattle) for the reason that it can accommodate the interests of various parties, namely: (1) the interest of community by increasing income and welfare, (2) government’s interest by improving agricultural productivity and securing vital projects in the upstream downstream of watershed area, (3) the interest of Perum Perhutani by preserving its protection forest, and (4) the importance of environment by the reduction of natural resource degradation. In addition, from the results of institutional analysis, it is recommended that the institution of CBFMP require improvement at the micro level, i.e. building a more mutually beneficial partnership contract between farmers taking part in CBFMP and Perum Perhutani.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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