Judul: Jenis dan Tingkat Abnormalitas Primer Pada Spermatozoa Sapi Pejantan Di Beberapa Balai Inseminasi Buatan Di Indonesia
Abstrak: Sperm abnormalities have long been associated with male infertility and sterility in most species studied. Therefore, it is very important to evaluate the level of sperm abnormalities in semen. The objective of this study was to investigate the type and sperm abnormality level (primary abnormality) of bull’s semen at several artificial inseminations centre (AIC) in Indonesia. A total of 164 bulls from 13 AI centers and AI laboratory were used in this study, comprised of 70 Simmental, 30 Limousine, 12 Brahman, 22 Bali, 3 Brahman-Angus cross, 2 Angus, 1 Ongole, 1 Ongole cross (PO), 1 Simmental-Brahman cross and 22 Friesian Holstein (FH) bulls, respectively. An ejaculate from each bull were smeared and stained with carbolfluchsin-eosin (well known as Williams staining method). The type of morphological abnormalities were recorded from 500 cells on each sample. There were found 13 types of primary sperm abnormalities such as: pearshaped, narrow at the base, narrow (tapered head), abnormal contour, underdeveloped, round head, variable size (macro and microcephalus), double head, abaxial, knobbed acrosome defect, detached head, and diadem. The level of primary sperm abnormalities affected by age in Simmental and Limousine bulls. The sperm abnormalities in bulls ≥9 years old was significantly higher (p<0.05) compared to of those 2 and 4 years old. On the other hand, ages did not affect the level of sperm abnormalities in Brahman and Bali, as well as in dairy cattle (FH). It was observed that Bos taurus bulls showed higher level of primary sperm abnormality (p<0.05) compared to Bos indicus. However, no significant differences were found (p>0.05) on the total number of primary sperm abnormalities among Simmental, Limousine, FH, Brahman and Bali cattle bulls. However pearshape type of abnormality was the most frequently found in all sample, and showed higher (p<0.05) in Simmental bulls if compared to Bali cattle and FH bulls semen. Among AIC, the higher level of primary sperm abnormalities was ranging from1.58% (AIC: A) to 8.57% (AIC: H). Based on conception rate value, it was found a negative correlation between the level of primary sperm and fertility (r = -0.95, p<0.05). In conclusion, the level of primary sperm abnormality of bulls semen at AIC was remained low, but by individual evaluation, there were 11 bulls (6.7%) indicated ≥10% primary sperm abnormalities. It is suggested that evaluation on sperm morphology to detect sperm abnormality has to be performed prior to sperm production and distribution.
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Judul: Kajian Abnormalitas Primer Spermatozoa pada Beberapa Bangsa Sapi dengan Umur Berbeda Menggunakan Pewarnaan Carbolfuchsin (Williams).
Abstrak: Morfologi spermatozoa yang abnormal telah lama diketahui berhubungan erat dengan peningkatan umur dan sterilitas. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mempelajari morfologi spermatozoa di Balai Inseminasi Buatan (BIB) Lembang dari berbagai bangsa dan umur yang berbeda menggunakan pewarnaan carbolfuchsin (Williams). Sebanyak 24 ekor sapi milik BIB Lembang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Sapi dikelompokkan menjadi dua kelompok, sapi berumur 3-5 tahun dan 7-11 tahun ayng terdiri dari sapi Ongole, Frisien Holstein (FH), Simental, dan Limosin. Semen dikoleksi menggunakan vagina buatan dan dievaluasi secara makroskopis dan mikroskopis. Untuk pengujian morfologi semen dibuat preparat ulas dari semen segar dan dikeringudarakan kemudian diwarnai dengan pewarnaan carbolfuchsin. Pengujian abnormalitas spermatozoa dilakukan dari total 500 sel spermatozoa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan abnormalitas spermatozoa sapi Limosin lebih tinggi (2.8%), dibandingkan sapi Simmental (1.83%), FH (1.77%), dan Ongole (1.5%). Jumlah abnormalitas tidak dipengaruhi oleh umur. Jumlah abnormalitas pada sapi berumur 3-5 tahun dan sapi berumur 7-11 tahun adalah (0.35%) dan (0.34%). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah bahwa semen sapi yang digunakan dalam penelitian memiliki kualitas yang baik berdasarkan hasil evaluasi karena jumlah abnormalitas pada semua breed menunjukkan hasil <20%.
Keyword: abnormalitas spermatozoa, balai inseminasi buatan, pewarnaan Williams

Judul: Penggunaan Metode Homotopi untuk Menyelesaikan Persamaan KdV (Korteweg-de Vries)
Abstrak: Natural phenomena can be explained using nonlinear mathematical models. In this paper, we studied the solution of KdV equation using the Homotopy method. The KdV equation is used for describing both surface and internal waves. One of the solutions is called a solitary wave. The use of homotopy method to solve the KdV equation required a nonlinear operator which was determined by the nonlinear form of the KdV equation itself. Based on this operator, a recursive formula was obtained to get a sequence of the KdV solution. The higher the sequence order of the sequence used, the closer to the exact solution of the KdV equation.
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