Judul: Effectivity and Efficiency of Ambon Banana Musa paradisiaca Stem and Papaya Carica papaya Seed Distillation To Treat Argulus sp. on Goldfish Carassius auratus
Abstrak: Salah satukomoditasikan hias yang populer di Indonesiaadalah ikan mas koki Carassius auratuskarena bentuk dan coraknyayang unik. Infeksi parasit Argulus sp. adalah satu masalahyang kerap menyerang kegiatan budidaya mas koki.Metode yang dapat diberikan untukmenanggulangi infeksi adalah dengan menggunakan bahan kimia berupa obat dimilin®. Dimilin®meskipun terbukti efektif, harganya tergolong mahal dan tidak ramahlingkungan. Perlu ditemukanpengobatanyang lebih murah dan ramah lingkungan terhadap serangan Argulussp.. Penelitian ini bertujuanmenguji efektivitas dan efisiensi pengobatan parasit Argulus sp. dengan menggunakan herbalperasan batang pisang ambon dan perasan biji pepaya.Penelitian ini menggunakan empatperlakuan masing-masing tiga ulangan yaitu: kontrol positif, obat dimilin®, perasan biji pepaya, dan perasan batang pisang. Perendaman ikan dilakukan pasca-infeksi setelah ikan menunjukkan gejala visual. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang terbaik adalah perasan biji pepaya dengan kelangsungan hidup 80% dan analisis usaha keuntungan sebesar Rp 1.365.000,-, rasio R/C sebesar 1,31dan payback period sebesar 0,6 tahun., One of the most popular ornamental fish in Indonesia is goldfish Carassius auratus due to its unique shape and color pattern. The infection by parasite Argulus sp. is one of the problems that occur in the industry. A method that can be used to treat the infection is by using chemical substances such as dimilin®. Dimilin® though proven to be effective,is expensive and not environmentally friendly.Because of this,it is required to find cheaper and environmentally friendly way to treat Argulus sp.. This research aimed to test the effectivity and efficiency of herbal medicine ambon banana stem and papaya seed distillation. The research used four treatments, each repeated three times which were: positive control, dimilin®, papaya seed distillation, and banana stem distillation. Treatment was done post-infection after fish showed visual symptoms. Result showed that the best treatment was papaya seed distillation with survival rate of 80%, profit of Rp 1.365.000,-, R/C ratio of 1,31,and payback period of 0,6 year.
Keyword: batang pisang, biji pepaya, dimilin®, ikan mas koki, parasit Argulus sp.

Judul: Penanggulangan infestasi Argulus sp. pada ikan koi Cyprinus rubrofuscus menggunakan ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon Musa paradisiaca
Abstrak: Argulus sp. merupakan parasit yang banyak ditemukan pada ikan koi yang menyebabkan inang yang terinfeksi mengalami luka yang menjadi jalur infeksi sekunder bagi bakteri maupun mikroorganisme lain untuk masuk. Kandungan tanin dalam ekstrak batang pisang ambon memiliki efek antiparasit yang dapat menghambat perkembangan, menurunkan motilitas parasit baik pada larva maupun parasit dewasa. Zat saponin bersifat racun terhadap serangga, cacing parasit, molluska serta sebagai antiviral dan antibakterial. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi yang tepat dari ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon Musa paradisiaca terhadap infestasi parasit Argulus sp. pada ikan koi Cyprinus rubrofuscus. Ikan koi yang digunakan dalam penelitian mempunyai bobot rata-rata 7.21±0.53 g dan panjang rata-rata 8.07±0.42 cm dengan kepadatan lima ekor ikan per akuarium sebanyak lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu K-, K, A (1%), B (1.5%), dan C (2%). Ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon diperoleh dengan mencampurkan serbuk batang pisang dengan akuades steril kemudian dipanaskan dan dilakukan penyaringan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlakuan A, B dan C tidak ditemukan parasit pada hari ke-10 sedangkan pada perlakuan K+ masih ditemukan parasit pada hari ke-10. Perlakuan A(1%) merupakan perlakuan terbaik dalam mengatasi parasit Argulus sp. dengan nilai kelangsungan hidup sebesar 73.33%., Argulus sp. is a parasite that is commonly found in koi fish that causes Infected hosts develop wounds that become secondary routes of infection for bacteria and other microorganisms to enter. The content of tannins in banana stem extract Ambon has an antiparasitic effect that can inhibit development, reduce parasitic motility in both larvae and adult parasites. Saponins are toxic to insects, parasitic worms, mollusks as well as antiviral and antibacterial. The aim of this study was to determine the appropriate concentration of the extract of the banana stems of Ambonbrewed Musa paradisiaca against the parasitic infestation of Argulus sp. in the koi fish Cyprinus rubrofuscus. The koi fish used in this study had an average weight of 7.21±0.53 g and an average length of 8.07±0.42 cm with a density of five fish per aquarium with five treatments and three replications, namely K-, K, A (1%), B (1.5%), and C (2%). The brewed extract of Ambon banana stem was obtained by mixing banana stem powder with sterile distilled water and then heated and filtered. The results showed that in treatment A, B and C, no parasites were found on the 10th day, while in the K+ treatment, parasites were still found on the 10th day. Treatment A(1%) was the best treatment in overcoming the parasite Argulus sp. with a survival rate of 73.33%.
Keyword: Argulus sp., Cyprinus rubrofuscus, banana stem brewed extract, koi fish, tannins

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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