Judul: Dampak Perubahan Iklim Terhadap Harga Komoditas Kopi di Daerah Terdampak Fenomena El Nino dan La Nina.
Abstrak: Fenomena alam seperti kekeringan berkepanjangan, curah hujan yang meningkat, kebakaran dan banjir yang terjadi di Indonesia, saat ini memberikan dampak yang luas bagi segala aspek kehidupan manusia. Hal ini diakibatkan dari perubahan iklim yang memberikan dampak cukup signifikan. Dampak dari perubahan iklim adalah terjadinya peningkatan iklim ekstrem. Perubahan iklim membuat anomali suhu yang mencolok seperti fenomena El Nino dan La Nina atau yang biasa disebut dengan fenomena ENSO (El Nino Southern Oscillation). Fenomena ENSO menyebabkan fluktuasi curah hujan, sehingga berdampak terhadap sektor pertanian, terutama subsektor perkebunan. Penelitian ini mengkaji dampak perubahan iklim terhadap harga kopi dengan metode panel data statis. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berupa 12 provinsi terdampak dengan rentang tahun 2010 hingga 2017. Fenomena ENSO ditunjukkan melalui indikator curah hujan. Hasil yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah El Nino berpengaruh signifikan dalam meningkatkan harga kopi, dan diikuti oleh faktor lainnya yaitu harga barang substitusi (harga cokelat), produktivitas dan PDRB Riil.
Keyword: ENSO, El Nino, data panel statis, harga kopi, La Nina

Judul: The effect of Climate Change and Other Determinants on Coffee Prices in Indonesia
Abstrak: Climate change is a severe problem that will be faced by all people in the world. One of the climate changes that often occur and have a significant impact on Indonesia is the El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The ENSO phenomenon causes fluctuations in rainfall that affect the production of the agricultural sector, especially plantation crops. This study uses the spatial panel analysis method to examine the effect of climate change using rainfall indicators on coffee prices. The data used are from the ten largest coffee-producing provinces with a time span from 2010 to 2020. The results show that rainfall has a significant effect on the increase in coffee prices, followed by other factors, substitution prices, productivity, population, and wages of farm labor in the plantation sub-sector. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic has had an effect on coffee prices.
Keyword: coffee, climate change, ENSO, rainfall, spatial panel

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
Keyword: