Judul: Flavonoid Extract of Salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight.) Leaves as a Proapoptosis Agent on Yeast Cells.
Abstrak: Daun salam (Syzygium polyanthum Wight.) mengandung senyawa flavonoid yang memiliki aktivitas antioksidan. Ekstrak flavonoid daun salam diharapkan mampu menginduksi pembentukan koloni petite sel khamir (Saccharomyces cereviceae). Induksi koloni petite merupakan salah satu cara menginduksi apoptosis dalam pengembangan fitofarmaka antikanker. Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas ekstrak flavonoid daun salam dalam menginduksi apoptosis melalui pembentukan koloni petite yang didukung dengan uji fragmentasi DNA. Sel khamir diinkubasi dengan ekstrak flavonoid daun salam, lalu divisualisasi dengan metode cawan sebar. Uji fragmentasi DNA dilakukan dengan metode isolasi DNA dan elektroforesis gel agarosa. Ekstrak kasar flavonoid (F) dan ekstrak flavonoid terfraksinasi (F1) konsentrasi 10 ppm menghasilkan frekuensi petit sebesar 100% dan 98.96%. Fraksi murni flavonoid (F1.5) konsentrasi 0.1 ppm menghasilkan frekuensi petit sebesar 99.125%. Profil elektroforegram pada F dan F1 juga menunjukkan adanya smear tipis sebagai indikasi adanya degradasi DNA. Jumlah koloni petit yang terinduksi oleh F1.5 pada konsentrasi 0.1 ppm (62 koloni) ~43% lebih sedikit daripada jumlah yang diinduksi oleh F(140 koloni) dan F1(146 koloni). Hal tersebut mengindikasikan adanya peningkatan sitotoksisitas dengan bertambahnya kemurnian ekstrak.
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Judul: Kemampuan Ekstrak Dedaunan Berpotensi Antioksidan Untuk Memodulasi Apoptosis Pada Sel Khamir.
Abstrak: One of the causes of cardiovascular disease is atherosclerosis. Some of medicinal herbs extracts which are reported to have anti atherosclerotic property are Guava leaves extract, Jati Belanda leaves extract, and Salam leaves extract. Apoptosis occures in atherosclerosis lesions intima. So this research is to determine that the capability of some herbal extracts to modulate apoptosis in yeast cells. For that purpose, yeast cells are used as model, as they will become small colonies (petite colonies) when apoptosis is induced. Yeast cells were incubated into 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 200 ppm, 1000 ppm, and 2000 ppm of each extracts, previously had been enriched in sterile YEPD and Petite Broth. On day 3 and 4, yeast cells were spread into YEPD and Petite media, and then petite frequency was counted directly from the plate. Promising extract for apoptosis stimulation on yeast cells is the 100 ppm Salam leaves extracts has petite frequency of 97.90%, whereas the 1000 ppm and 2000 ppm petite frequency are respectively 94.45% and 91.99%. No petite colony was formed on other extracts. Guava leaves extracts at 100 ppm inhibits apoptosis on yeast cells.
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Judul: The impact and contribution of the tourism sector to the Indonesian economy : an I-O and SAM approach
Abstrak: Tourism is an important and strategic sector for the Indonesian economy. The sector has been growing for the last two decades to enhance its contribution to the GDP, employment, regional, local economy, and to strengthen the balance of payment. In particular, a planned economy was introduced to provide substantial opportunities to utilize tourism as a mechanism for national development. As a service-based sector, tourism as also considered to be a vehicle of converting the manufacturing economy to a service economy which makes the delivery of the product rather than the creation of the product the most important thing.
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