Judul: Diversity of Agronomic Characteristics and Waxy of F3 Sorghum Population from  Pulut 3 x PI-150-20A Crosses
Abstrak: Sorgum dapat dijadikan sebagai bahan pangan alternatif menggantikan beras padi. Namun beras dari biji sorgum kurang disukai masyarakat. Karena itu diperlukan adanya perbaikan terhadap kualitas biji sorgum untuk memperoleh biji sorgum yang disukai oleh masyarakat. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh pengetahuan tentang keragaman genetik dan seleksi pada karakter agronomi dan tipe waxy pada populasi F3 sorgum persilangan Pulut 3 x PI-150-20A. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Juli 2022 hingga November 2022 di Kebun BSIP Biogen, Cimanggu, Kota Bogor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rata-rata karakter kuantitatif yang beragam. Populasi F3 memiliki nilai tengah yang cenderung lebih kecil daripada kedua tetuanya. Aksi gen yang muncul yaitu epistasis komplementer dan epistasis duplikat dengan jumlah gen yang terlibat banyak pada mayoritas karakter. Heritabilitas arti luas dan koefisien keragaman genetik termasuk tinggi. Pengamatan tipe sorgum berdasarkan kadungan amilosa. Hasil dari pewarnaan biji menunjukkan bahwa populasi F3 sorgum persilangan Pulut 3 x PI-150-20A mayoritas bertipe waxy atau memiliki kandungan amilosa yang rendah.
Keyword: aksi gen, epistasis, heritabilitas, iodine staining

Judul: Diversity of Agronomical Characters and  Grain Type of Sorghum F2 Population Pulut 3 x Soraya 3
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan sorgum belum banyak dikembangkan di Indonesia karena kurang diminati oleh masyarakat. karena memiliki tekstur yang keras. Selain itu, terbatasnya varietas berdaya hasil tinggi menyebabkan produktivitas sorgum yang rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi keragaman karakter agronomi dan tipe biji sorgum, serta mendapatkan genotipe berdaya hasil tinggi dengan tipe biji waxy dari hasil persilangan Pulut 3 x Soraya 3 populasi F2. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Muara, IP2TP Muara, Bogor pada bulan Agustus 2023 – Januari 2024. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat keragaman pada semua karakter agronomi yang diamati. Sebagian karakter yang diamati dikendalikan oleh aksi gen epistasis atau aditif tanpa epistasis dengan jumlah gen yang mengendalikan sedikit dan banyak. Terdapat keragaman karakter tipe biji sorgum yaitu tipe biji waxy dan non-waxy. Diferensial seleksi pada 30 genotipe waxy berdasarkan karakter diameter malai meningkatkan 31,3% bobot biji per malai., Utilization of sorghum has not been extensively developed in Indonesia due to its lack of public interest, primarily because of its hard texture. Additionally, the limited availability of high-yielding varieties has resulted in low sorghum productivity. This study aims to obtain information on the agronomic character diversity and grain type of sorghum, as well as to obtain high-yielding genotypes with waxy grain types from the crossbreeding of Pulut 3 x Soraya 3 F2 populations. The study was conducted at the Muara Experimental Garden, IP2TP Muara, Bogor, from August 2023 to January 2024. The research results showed that there is diversity in all observed agronomic characters. Most of observed characters are controlled by epistatic or additive actions without epistasis, with a small and large number of genes controlling them. There is diversity in sorghum grain types, including waxy and non-waxy types. Differential selection on 30 waxy genotypes based on inflorescence diameter increased the weight of grain per inflorescence by 31.3%.
Keyword: epistasis, tipe biji sorgum, aditif, diferensial seleksi

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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