Judul: Identification of ADAM17 Gene Expression as  Alzheimer’s Disease Marker in Long-Tailed Monkey (Macaca fascicularis) Brain
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer adalah penyakit degeneratif otak yang mengganggu fungsi dasar neuron, sehingga dapat berujung kematian pada penderita yang kemampuan motoriknya tidak lagi berfungsi. Pengobatan spesifik untuk menangani penderita penyakit Alzheimer belum ditemukan. Masih terdapat banyak pertanyaan mengenai penyakit dan pengobatan penyakit Alzheimer. Salah satu metode yang digunakan untuk mengenal lebih dalam tentang penyakit ini adalah dengan menggunakan hewan model. Monyet ekor panjang merupakan primata yang memiliki kedekatan filogeni dengan manusia. Monyet ekor panjang tua juga memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan manusia yang mengidap penyakit Alzheimer. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi ekspresi gen a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) sebagai marka penyakit Alzheimer pada monyet ekor panjang. Penelitian ini menggunakan 6 sampel otak monyet ekor panjang bagian hipokampus dan korteks. Monyet sebelumnya telah dikelompokkan menjadi kelompok usia tua dan muda. Deteksi ekspresi gen ADAM17 dilakukan dengan menggunakan RT-qPCR. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan tidak berbeda nyata antara ekspresi gen ADAM17 pada tiap regio dan kelompok usia, namun didapatkan hasil bahwa ekspresi gen ADAM17 banyak ditemukan pada hewan tua dan regio hipokampus., Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that disrupts the basic functions of the neurons, potentially leading patients to death. There is no specific treatment for Alzheimer's disease. There are still many questions about Alzheimer's disease and its treatment. One of the methods often used to get to know more about this disease is to use animal models. The long-tailed monkey is a primate that has a phylogenetic closeness to humans. Aged long-tailed monkeys also have the same characteristics as humans with Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to identify a disintegrin and metalloproteinase 17 (ADAM17) gene expression as a marker of Alzheimer's disease in long-tailed monkeys. This study used 6 brain samples of long-tailed monkeys in the hippocampus and cortex. Monkeys have previously been grouped into old and young age groups. The detection of ADAM17 gene expression was performed using RT-qPCR. The results of data analysis showed that there was no significant difference between ADAM17 gene expression in each region and age group, but the results showed that ADAM17 gene expression was mostly found in old monkeys and the hippocampus region.
Keyword: ADAM17, Hippocampus, Cortex, Long-tailed monkey, Alzheimer’s  disease

Judul: Study of the BACE1 Gene Expression as Molecular Marker for Alzheimer's Disease in Long-tailed Macaques (Macaca fascicularis) Brain
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer adalah gangguan neurodegenerative yang menyebabkan penurunan daya ingat dan fungsi kognitif pada penderitanya. Penggunaan monyet ekor panjang dilakukan karena secara anatomis maupun fisiologis memiliki kemiripan dengan manusia dibandingkan hewan coba lainnya. Penelitian ini menganalisis ekspresi gen Β-site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) di otak sebagai marka molekuler penyakit Alzheimer. Sampel diekstraksi dan diolah menggunakan Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) berdasarkan regio otak hipokampus dan korteks prefrontal pada 6 monyet ekor panjang betina dengan kelompok usia dewasa dan tua. Level ekspresi mRNA gen BACE1 dibandingkan dengan gen housekeeping yaitu beta-actin (ACTB). Hasil analisis data statistik menunjukan tidak adanya perbedaan nyata antara ekspresi mRNA gen BACE1 pada perbedaan kelompok usia maupun regio otak. Namun, hasil perhitungan menunjukan kecenderungan lebih tinggi pada regio hipokampus dan kelompok usia dewasa dibandingkan korteks dan kelompok usia tua pada monyet ekor panjang., Alzheimer’s disease is is a neurodegenerative disorder that cause decline in memory, and cognitive function in the patient’s. The use long-tailed macaques is conducted due to their anatomical and physiological similarities to humans compared to other experimental animals. This study analyzed the expression of the Β-site Amyloid Precursor Protein Cleaving Enzyme 1 (BACE1) gene in the brain as molecular marker of Alzheimer's disease. Samples were extracted and processed using Reverse Transcription quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) from the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex regions of six female long-tailed macaques with adult and old age groups. The mRNA expression levels of the BACE1 gene were compared to the beta-actin (ACTB) as housekeeping gene. The data analysis showed no significant differences in the mRNA expression of the BACE1 gene between different age groups or brain regions. However, there was a tendency that mRNA expression levels in the hippocampus region and the adult age group higher than the cortex region and the old age group in the long-tailed macaques.
Keyword: BACE1, monyet ekor panjang, otak, penyakit Alzheimer, RT-qPCR, Alzheimer’s disease, BACE1, brain, long-tailed macaques, RT-qPCR

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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