Judul: COMPARISON OF COSTS AND REVENUES OF RICE FARMING OF INPARI 32 AND CIHERANG VARIETIES IN KARAWANG DISTRICT
Abstrak: Peningkatan produksi padi dapat dilakukan dengan adanya peningkatan luas lahan atau produktivitas dengan mengembangkan teknologi benih varietas unggul, salah satunya varietas Inpari 32. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis total biaya dan pendapatan usahatani padi varietas Inpari 32 dibandingkan dengan varietas Ciherang. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 40 petani padi varietas Inpari 32 dan 10 petani padi varietas Ciherang (sebagai pembanding). Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode Stratified Random Sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis struktur biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan dan efisiensi usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa total biaya usahatani padi dalam dua kali musim tanam (Gadu dan Rendeng) untuk varietas Inpari 32 lebih rendah dibandingkan padi varietas Ciherang. Sedangkan dari sisi pendapatan atas biaya total yang diperoleh petani varietas Inpari 32 lebih tinggi dari pada petani padi varietas Ciherang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya inovasi benih dalam hal ini penggunaan benih padi varietas Inpari 32 cukup memberikan insentif ekonomi bagi petani. Hal ini didukung oleh fakta jumlah petani yang mengadopsi varietas tersebut lebih banyak di lokasi penelitian., Increasing rice production can be done by increasing land area or productivity by developing superior variety seed technology, one of which is the Inpari 32 variety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the total costs and income of rice farming with the Inpari 32 variety compared to the Ciherang variety. The rice farming sample consisted of 40 farmers of the Inpari 32 variety and 10 farmers of the Ciherang variety (as a comparison). Sample was determined using the Stratified Random Sampling method. The data analysis used is cost structure analysis, revenue, income, and farming efficiency analysis. Based on the research results, it was found that the total cost of rice farming in two growing seasons (Gadu and Rendeng) for the Inpari 32 variety was lower than for the Ciherang variety. Meanwhile, in terms of income on total costs, the farmers of the Inpari 32 variety were higher than the farmers of the Ciherang variety. This shows that the innovation of seeds, in this case the use of rice seeds of the Inpari 32 variety, is sufficient to provide economic incentives for farmers. This is supported by the fact that the number of farmers adopting these varieties is greater in the study locations.
Keyword: income, inpari 32 rice variety, total cost

Judul: Rice Growth and Production of Three Varieties of Inpari with Batang Piaman Variety inserts in Multicanopy
Abstrak: Peningkatan jumlah penduduk menyebabkan permintaan akan beras meningkat. Perlu dilaksanakan upaya peningkatan produksi padi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan padi nasional. Pengembangan inovasi sistem budidaya baru melalui sistem multikanopi merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat dilakukan untuk meningkatkan produksi padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pertumbuhan dan produktivitas padi varietas Inpari 32, Inpari 33, dan Inpari 43 pada sistem budidaya multikanopi dengan sisipan varietas Batang Piaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di lahan percobaan Balai Besar Tanaman Padi Sukamandi, Subang, Jawa Barat. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Lengkap Kelompok Teracak (RKLT) Faktorial dua faktor, yaitu varietas (Inpari 32, Inpari 33, dan Inpari 43) dan sistem budidaya (monokultur, multikanopi sisip 1, dan multikanopi sisip 2). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan varietas Inpari 43 dan sistem budidaya monokultur memiliki respon pertumbuhan dan produksi paling baik. Varietas, sistem budidaya, maupun interaksi keduanya tidak mempengaruhi produksi padi dalam gabah kering giling. Berdasarkan proyeksi hasil (tanpa gangguan hama), varietas Inpari 32 dengan sistem budidaya multikanopi sisip 2 menghasilkan produksi gabah kering giling tertinggi sebesar 8,93 ton ha-1., The increase in population caused increasing in demand for rice. It is necessary to increase rice production to meet national rice needs. The development new cultivation through a multi-canopy system is one of the efforts that can be made to increase rice production. This study aims to examine the growth and productivity of rice varieties Inpari 32, Inpari 33, and Inpari 43 in a multi-canopy cultivation system with the insertion of the Batang Piaman variety. The research was carried out in the experimental land of the Sukamandi Rice Research Center, Subang, West Java. The experimental design used was the Complete Design of the Randomized Group (RKLT) Factorial consisted of two factors, namely varieties (Inpari 32, Inpari 33, and Inpari 43) and cultivation systems (monoculture, multi-canopy insert 1, and multi-canopy insert 2). The results showed that the Inpari 43 variety under monoculture cultivation system had the best growth and production response. The variety, cultivation system, or interaction of them do not affect the production of dry milled grain rice. According to the yield projection (no damage by insect), the Inpari 32 variety with a multi-canopy insert 2 cultivation system resulted in the highest production of a dry milled grain of 8.93 tons of hectare.
Keyword: cultivation systems, inserts, production

Judul: Peluang Partikel Plasma Berada Pada Dimensi Debye Akibat Gangguan Gelombang Elektromagnetik dengan Menggunakan Persamaan Schrödinger
Abstrak: The solution of Schrodinger equations with plasma Coulomb potential in spherical coordinat results solution wave function and energy plasma particle. Electron probability density at Debye length with thermal effect same as ion, which indicates plasma in neutral state. Electromagnetic waves perturbation of an electric field given to result wave function perturbation system. The probability density of plasma particle due to electromagnetic waves perturbation is the largest when an electromagnetic waves frequency 1.41 times the plasma frequency .
Keyword: Schrödinger, plasma, electromagnetic wave