Judul: Pengaruh Ekstrak Biji Bligo (Benincasa hispida Thunb Cogn) terhadap Penghambatan Efek Toksik Tartrazin dan Rhodamin pada Aktivitas Proliferasi Limfosit Tikus
Abstrak: Bligo (Benincasa hispida Thunb Cogn) is one of medical plants that would be useful as medicine for some diseases. Previous study of bligo showed that bligo extract has the ability to cure ulcer in rats and should no toxicity in rat serum analysis. This effect is estimated to be due to some bioactive compounds, like fenolic, terpene, flavonoid c-glycoside and sterols that have antioxidant effect. This bioactive compound were asumed to be able to increase lymphocyte cell proliferation activity. This research purpose is to get the scientific data and to know the effect of consuming bligo seed extract in rat growth and on spleen lymphocyte cell proliferation activity. Three groups of rats, including control or 0 g/kg bw of bligo seed extract, 0.1 g/kg bw bligo seed extract, and 1 g/kg bw bligo seed extract. After 90 day treatment, splenocytes of rats were cultured in the presence of LPS 12.5 μg/ml culture, tartrazine 90 μg/ml, 180 μg/ml, 270 μg/ml culture, or rhodamine 6 μg/ml, 12 μg/ml, 18 μg/ml culture. After 72 hours of incubation, spleen lymphocyte cell proliferation activity was measured by MTT method. Results of this research showed that 0.1 g/kg bw bligo seed extract has increased proliferation activity by 14.30% on treatment with LPS, -0.09% on tartrazine 90 μg/ml culture, 11.42% on tartrazine 180 μg/ml culture, 21.92% on tartrazine 270 μg/ml culture, meanwhile, lymphocyte cultured with rhodamine 6 μg/ml culture, rhodamin 12 μg/ml culture, and rhodamin 18 μg/ml culture, has increased proliferation activity of 25.22%, 7.42%, and 12.19% respectively, compare to that of lymphocyte cultured with media alone. And 1 g/kg bw bligo seed extract can increase proliferation activity by 12.30% on LPS, 24.38% on tartrazine 90 μg/ml, 11.54% on tartrazine 180 μg/ml, 52.74% on tartrazine 270 μg/ml, -4.03% on rhodamine 6 μg/ml, -15.04% on rhodamin 12 μg/ml, and -17.66% on rhodamin 18 μg/ml, compare to that of control culture. Bligo seed extract can prevent toxic effect of tartrazine and rhodamine. The effective result was from rats that gavaged with 0.1 g/kg bw bligo seed extract. The conclusion of this research is bligo is good for health.
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Judul: Analisis Trombosit dan Leukosit pada Uji Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Kapang Endofit Daun Sirsak (Annona Muricata L.)
Abstrak: Penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak memiliki potensi penghambatan pertumbuhan sel MCF-7 kanker payudara. Telah dilakukan uji toksisitas akut dan hasilnya tidak menunjukkan dampak negatif pada parameter yang diamati. Agar dapat dilanjutkan pada fase klinis, perlu dilakukan uji toksisitas subkronis selama 90 hari untuk melihat keamanan pemberian ekstrak dalam waktu lama. Pemberian ekstrak dilakukan pada dosis 20, 80, dan 240 mg/kgBB. Penelitian ini bertujuan membandingkan jumlah trombosit, leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit tikus galur Sprague-dawley yang diinduksi dengan ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak selama 90 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah trombosit, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), leukosit, dan diferensial leukosit masih berada dalam rentang normal. Namun, nilai PDW H-60 dosis 20 mg/kgBB dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB sebesar 14,96% dan 15,1% serta nilai MPV H-30 dosis 240 mg/kgBB, satelit normal, dan satelit dosis 240 mg/kgBB, yaitu 5,41 fL, 10,46 fL, dan 10,73 fL tidak berada di rentang normal. Hal tersebut diduga karena adanya infeksi patogen pada tikus. Ekstrak kapang endofit daun sirsak aman dikonsumsi selama 90 hari tanpa efek toksik yang tertunda., Previous research showed that soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract has the potential to inhibit the growth of MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Acute toxicity test has been carried out and the results did not show a negative impact on the observed parameters. In order to enter the clinical phase, it is necessary to do a subchronic toxicity test for 90 days to see the safety of long-term administration of the extract. The extract was administered at doses of 20, 80, and 240 mg/kgBW. This study aimed to compare the number of platelets, leukocytes, and differential leukocytes of Sprague-dawley rats induced with Soursop leaf endophytic fungi extract for 90 days. The results showed that the number of platelets, Mean Platelet Volume (MPV), Platelet Distribution Width (PDW), leukocytes, and differential leukocytes were still within the normal range. However, the value PDW on the 60 days at a dose of 20 mg/kgBW and satellite 240 mg/kgBW was 14,96% and 15,1% and the MPV value on the 30 days at a dose of 240 mg/kgBW, normal satellite, and satellite 240 mg/kgBW, that is 5,41 fL, 10,46 fL, and 10,73 fL were not in the normal range. This is probaby due to the presence of pathogenic infection in rats. Soursop leaf endophytic mold extract is safe to consume for 90 days without delayed toxic effects.
Keyword: differential leukocytes, endophytic fungi, MPV, PDW, toxicity

Judul: Pembangunan Perumahan Pada Wilayah Desakota Kaitannya Dengan Sistem Sosial Masyaraka t Asli
Abstrak: Faktor utama yang banyak mempengaruhi meningkatnya jumlah perumahan dan pemukiman pacta wilayah desakota adalah adanya tekanan populasi sebagai akibat dari migrasi besar-besaran menuju daerah desakota. Dengan kata lain, lokasi perumahan atau pemukiman menjadi tak memiliki banyak pilihan lagi, kota telah sesak dan sasaran selanjutnya para pengais materi di daerab kota adalab wilayah desakota. Masyarakat asli yang sejak lama tinggal di wilayah desakota merupakan bagian dari masyarakat desakota yang perlu diperhatikan. Baik disadari maupun tidak disadari, perubaban pada masyarakat asli desakota akan terjadi karena masyarakat selalu dalam keadaan dinamis. Selain itu perubahanjuga akan terjadi dikarenakan masyarakat adalah sistem yang terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang berhubungan serta berintegrasi secara fungsional, sehingga perubaban pada satu fungsi dari masyarakat akan mempengaruhi fungsi lainnya.
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