Judul: Kappa Karaginan semimurni Kappaphycus alvarezii sebagai cryoprotectant pada surimi ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus)
Abstrak: Surimi yang diberi perlakuan penambahan karaginan 4% menunjukan penurunan protein yang lebih lambat selama penyimpanan beku dibandingkan dengan sorbitol 8%. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa karaginan semimurni memiliki efek cryoprotective yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan sorbitol pada surimi yang mengalami penyimpanan beku
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Judul: Karakteristik Kimia Surimi Beku Ikan Nila (Oreochromis niloticus) dengan Penambahan Formula Cryoprotectant Berbasis Karagenan
Abstrak: penyimpanan beku tetap mengalami perubahan sifat fungsional, terutama penurunan kekuatan gel karena denaturasi protein. Untuk mengatasi hal tersebut dibutuhkan cryoprotectant. Beberapa penelitian telah dan terus dilakukan dalam upaya penggantian cryoprotectant sukrosa dan sorbitol karena menimbulkan rasa manis yang tak disukai, menggunakan bahan polisakarida rendah gula atau hidrokoloid sebagai contohnya adalah karagenan. Penelitian ini mengkombinasikan karagenan dengan kalium klorida dan sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) menjadi bahan cryoprotectant. Formulasi cryoprotectant telah ditentukan dengan konsentrasi pada masing-masing variabel yakni karagenan 2%, 4%, dan 6%; KCl 0,5%, 0,75%, dan 1%; STPP 0,15%, 0,25%, dan 0,35%. Penambahan cryoprotectant berbasis karagenan dilakukan pada surimi dan selanjutnya masing-masing dilakukan karakterisasi secara kimiawi terhadap surimi segar dan surimi yang telah disimpan beku. Hasil karakterisasi dianalisis menggunakan rancangan two level factorial. Rendemen yang dihasilkan dari daging fillet 30,37% dan surimi 18,57%, sementara dari uji proksimat, diketahui nilai protein dan kadar air daging ikan nila masing-masing 17,69% dan 80,13%; sedangkan nilai protein dan kadar air surimi masing-masing 17,34% dan 74,45%. Nilai pH surimi dengan penambahan formula cryoprotectant berbasis karagenan diketahui berkisar 6,61-6,94; kadar air 75,81-78,94%; nilai WHC 79,79-88,95%; dan nilai PLG 7,205-9,485%. Nilai pH pada surimi dengan penambahan cryoprotectant dan dibekukan menunjukkan peningkatan dengan kisaran 5,58-10,4%; kadar air mengalami peningkatan 1,22-2,59%; dan nilai WHC terjadi penurunan 1,77-25,83%; sedangkan nilai PLG dengan formulasi konsentrasi karagenan 4%, KCl 0,5% dan STPP 0,25% sebagai nilai titik balik tertinggi.
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Judul: Dog Ticks Infestation and Its Correlation to Tick-Borne Diseases.
Abstrak: Ticks infestation on dog could lead to itchiness, anemia, skin disorders, and tick-borne diseases, such as Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Besides dogs, Ehrlichiosis were known to be zoonotic. Pre-mature stage tick life cycle that occur outside its host, will enhance contacts between ticks and human. The study of ticks infestation and tick-borne diseases on the dog is necessary, because it has not a lot of information about the diversity, prevalence and degree of ticks infestation in Indonesia. Ticks survey, included ticks sampling and dogs blood test were performed at Animal Police Directorate Security Agency (Baharkam) and Atang Sendjaja Air Force (ATS). Meanwhile ticks sampling also data of cases of ticks infestation and diseases transmitted obtained from 21 veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung. All ticks samples stored in bottles containing 70% alcohol for identification. Blood tests performed for Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis diagnosis. The identification results of the 950 ticks samples that obtained from 97 dogs of Baharkam, ATS and veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung, showed only one ticks species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This ticks belong to three-host tick, which require three hosts to complete its life cycle. Each ticks stage need a host, either same dog (if it is in place there is only one or a few dogs), as well as different dogs. Research in Baharkam conducted on 81 dogs (53 males and 28 females). The prevalence of dogs infested by ticks was 67.90%. The percentage of male dogs that infested by ticks are larger (69.81%) than female (64.29%). Based on Chi-Square test, there was no relationship between sex and breed of dog with degree of ticks infestation. Generally dogs infested with mild infestation category (41.98%), meanwhile moderate category was 18.52%, 2.47% high and 4.94% very high. The dog’s body region that the most infested by R. sanguineus was dog's back. Probably these body regions were be preferred because they are less accessible for the dog to remove them with its paws. Collection of ticks with tick-drag on Baharkam grass field showed positive results on the field that was more often used to practice by dogs. The samples that obtained was larvae stage ticks with density 152 larvae on 215m2 area of the field. Adult stage ticks and several adult females which laying eggs on the cage wall were obtained in the dog kennels. Whole of male and female ATS dogs infested with ticks (14 dogs). In general, dogs infested with very high infestation category was 64.29%, compared by high degree category (21.43%) and moderate (14.29%). Ticks predilection were found mostly on the dog’s head – neck. On ATS grass field did not reveal any ticks, but positively inside the kennels. It happens probably because dogs are rarely released from the kennel, so that the ticks was did drop-off inside the kennel. The total cases of ticks infestation of dogs at Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung veterinary clinics in 2008 until June 2013 as many as 731 cases. In general, there was an increases of the ticks infestation prevalence at three cities in that range
Keyword: Anaplasma, Babesia, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus