Judul: Pengelolaan Kolaboratif Kawasan Konservasi Penyu Pangumbahan Kabupaten Sukabumi
Abstrak: The establishment of Marine Protected Area (MPA) at Sukabumi District within the designation sea turtle area of Pangumbahan beach as a coastal and small islands conservation area, directly and indirectly indeed need the active engagement of the local communities and other stakeholders in the management of the MPA. The perception of stakeholders about conservation activities in their surroundings is expected to improve the management of the MPA. The purpose of this study is to examine the application of collaborative management in Turtle Conservation Area Management at Pangumbahan, Sukabumi District. The analysis shows that the tested models has t-test value greater than 1.96 which mean that the entire coefficient path of the indicator on the latent variables are significant. The model also demonstrates that the management variable (Y) is significantly influenced by the two independent variables, namely the perception of stakeholders (X1) with the effect of 0.51 and government policy variables (X4) of 0.54. T-test values obtained for the effect of X1 on Y are equal to 4.67 and of 3.96 for the path between the X4 to Y, thus it is statistically significant. Based on the analysis of variables, it can be concluded that the variable perception of stakeholders and local government policy regarding sea turtle conservation area of Pangumbahan are two most dominant variables in determining the success of the MPA management.
Keyword: marine protected area, management, collaborative

Judul: Stakeholder and Incentives in Collaborative Management of Marine Protected Areas (Case: Pangumbahan Village, Ciracap Subdistrict, Sukabumi District, West Java)
Abstrak: Aktivitas manusia yang terkonsentrasi di zona pesisir dan laut memberikan tekanan yang besar pada ekosistem laut, termasuk penyu yang saat ini termasuk dalam daftar Apendiks I Konvensi Perdagangan Internasional Flora dan Fauna Spesies Terancam. Taman Pesisir Penyu Pantai Pangumbahan lahir sebagai salah satu alat pengelolaan sumber daya pesisir dan laut yang efektif. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis unsur-unsur pengelolaan kolaboratif, mengklasifikasikan stakeholder, tipe pengelolaan kolaboratif, serta pengaruh insentif terhadap pengelolaan kolaboratif di Desa Pangumbahan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif yang didukung data kualitatif dengan metode survei menggunakan uji regresi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Desa Pangumbahan memiliki tipe pengelolaan kolaboratif konsultatif yakni adanya komunikasi dua arah antara pemerintah dan masyarakat walaupun keputusan manajemen diambil oleh pemerintah. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan bahwa insentif berpengaruh terhadap pengelolaan kolaboratif di Desa Pangumbahan., Human activities that concentrated on the coastal and marine zones exert great pressure on these ecosystems, including turtles that are currently on the list of Appendix I Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species. Pangumbahan Turtle Beach Coastal Park have been designed to solve that problem as it is an effective management tools of coastal and marine resources. This research aims to analyze elements of co-management, classification of stkaheolders, type of co-management, and the influence of incentives in comanagement of Pangumbahan Village. This research with quantitative approach supported by qualitative data by survey methods using regression test. The results shows that Pangumbahan Village has a consultative co-management type which indicates that there is two-way communication between the government and the community even though management decisions are taken entirely by the government. The result of regression test shows that incentives have an influence in co-management of Pangumbahan Village.
Keyword: co-management, incentives, marine protected areas, stakeholders

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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