Judul: Penyelesaian Masalah Chinese Postman pada Graf Campuran Menggunakan Metode Heuristik Balans-Genap
Abstrak: One of the problems in determining an optimal route is the well-known Chinese Postman Problem (CPP). Among many kinds of CPP, this work discusses the mixed one (MCPP), where the representing graph has two types of edge: directed and undirected edges. We employ a heuristic based method, namely balance-even method, to solve the problem. A series of algorithms such as Dijkstra’s and van Aardenne-Ehrenfest and de Bruijn are used in constructing the shortest path and the Euler circuit. In particular, inoutdegree and largecycle methods are implemented in performing balance-even condition. We apply this approach in determining Euler circuit related to the shortest path in the case of electrical devices installation in the city of Bogor.
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Judul: Sirkuit Euler dan Penentuan Rute Optimal
Abstrak: Chinese Postman Problem (CPP) is well-known as a problem of determining the optimal route. In this work, the problem of CPP is studied by using two algorithms, namely Fleury algorithm and van Aardenne-Ehrenfest - de Bruijn algorithm. The solution of CPP can then be stated as an optimal route, which satisfies a condition, where every single edge must be traversed exactly once, i.e., Eulerian circuit. Graph balancing process in determining Eulerian circuit is done by using Orloff transportation method. The determination of extra shortest path is solved using Dijkstra algorithm. We discuss the application of determining Eulerian circuit for the case of determining the shortest route of garbage collection.
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity