Judul: Habitat characteristics of timor friarbird philemon inornatus in Camplong Landscape Kupang District, East Nusa Tenggara
Abstrak: Timor Friarbird (Philemon inornatus, G. R. Gray, 1846) is one of the six endemic birds of Timor and is a protected species. The population of bird is suspected to have been decreasing over the past six years along with the decreasing of the quantity and quality of physical and biotic factors of its habitat. Knowledge on landscape spatial pattern could be used to evaluate the quantity and quality of habitat. This research aimed at identifying spatial habitat characteristics of Timor Friarbird based on dominant factors of physical and biotic habitat components. Principle Component Analysis (PCA) on the physical habitat factors showed that variables that have strong correlation with the presence of the bird were Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), slope, distance from secondary forest, distance from bush, distance from cashew plantation, distance from crop plantation, and distance from roads. The biotic factors that have strong correlation with the presence of Timor Friarbird were the total number of plant species, number of plants used for food and cover, and mean height of trees. Height of poles was the only variable that has no correlation with the presence of Timor Friarbird. The most dominant physical and biotic factors that influent the presence of Timor Friarbird at a site are the density of foraging trees, slope, distance from the river, the distance from secondary forest, the density of cover pole and the distance from road. The estimation population of Timor Friarbird in Camplong region is low; this might be caused by low feeding tree density, high rates of poaching, the uneven distribution of feed vegetation and the flowering season, habitat degradation due to illegal logging, grazing cattle in the wild, and invasion of siam weed or chromolaena (Chromolaena odorata). The results of land cover classification at Camplong region based on Landsat_5 Thematic Mapper (TM) image with ArcGIS 9.3 and Erdas 9.1 obtained 11 land cover classes, with shrub as the dominant class. Keyword: Philemon inornatus, Habitat Spatial Characteristics, PCA, Population, Land Cover
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Judul: Keanekaragaman jenis burung pada beberapa tipe habitat di Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC), Taman Nasional Bukit Barisan Selatan Lampung
Abstrak: Tambling Wildlife Nature Conservation (TWNC) is part of the Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park. The area called Tambling (Tampang-Belimbing) is a conservation area that conserve high biodiversity. TWNC is managed by PT Adhiniaga Kreasinusa (AKN). The purposes of this research are 1). to compare the diversity of bird species at several types of habitat in TWNC, those are coastal forest, lowland forest, plantation and grassland. 2). to identify the difference of bird species composition among types of habitat. 3). to know the local birds distribution related to the types of habitat in TWNC. This research was conducted from August to November 2009. Data of birds was collected using MacKinnon species list and point count method or IPA (Ponctuel Indices d'Abondance). Data of habitat was collected using vegetation analysis and habitat used approach. Data of vegetation was collected by sampling plot 20 x 100 m. T-test was used to determine differences in bird species diversity among the coastal forest, lowland forest, plantation, and grassland habitats at the 95% confidence level. The vegetation in the coastal forest habitat was dominated by beach hibiscus (Hibiscus tiliaceus) with Important Value Index (IVI) 114.49%. In the lowland forest habitat was dominated by meranti (Shorea sp) with IVI 66.71%. Vegetation in plantation habitat consisted of coffee (Coffea robusta) and cacao (Thebroma cacao). Grassland habitat is dominated by species kerawatan (Cyonodon dactylon) and rumput jarum (Andropoghon aciculatus). The total bird species found in four types of habitat were 116 species, comprising 38 families. Twenty-eight species are categorized as protected by Indonesian government regulation No. 7 of 1999, 12 species are listed in the IUCN (Critically Endangered and Near Threatened), and 19 species are listed in CITES (Appendix I and II). The highest bird Diversity Index was found in plantation habitat (H’=2.93). The Evenness Index in four habitat types are distributed evenly. The habitats that have the highest similarity are between lowland forest and plantation habitats (ISJ=0.54). T-test results shows that there is no significant differences among four habitats in terms of birds diversity, it was predicted because of small sample size and a narrow area of research. Bird species in each habitat type has a different level of dominance. Regarding vertical distribution, birds in coastal forest lived in C to E strata. Vertical distribution of birds in lowland forest was found in A to E strata. Vertical distribution of birds in plantation habitat was found from C to E strata. While in grassland habitat birds were only found in E strata. The common bird activities were perching, singing, flying, and walking. Bird activity that was mostly found at coastal forest, lowland forest, and plantation was perching. At grassland habitat, common bird activity was walking.
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Judul: Konversi Asam Stearat dan Asam Oleat Menjadi Senyawa Oksazolina dengan Katalis Zeolit Teraktivasi Berbantuan Gelombang Mikro.
Abstrak: Oksazolina adalah senyawa heterosiklik dengan R tertentu dapat digunakan sebagai antikorosi karena mempunyai kerapatan elektron yang tinggi sehingga dapat terabsorpsi kuat pada permukaan logam. Penelitian ini bertujuan menyintesis senyawa 2-heptadesil-4,5-dihidrooksazol dan (Z)-2-heptades-8-en-1- il-4,5-dihidrooksazol dengan melakukan konversi dari asam stearat dan asam oleat menggunakan aminoalkohol sebagai reagen dan zeolit teraktivasi sebagai katalis berbantuan gelombang mikro pada beragam daya. Daya optimum ialah 300 W. Rendemen yang diperoleh yaitu 55% untuk senyawa (Z)-2-heptades-8-en-1-il-4,5- dihidrooksazol dan 6,5% untuk senyawa 2-heptadesil-4,5-dihidrooksazol. Stuktur oksazolina dicirikan berdasarkan spektrum inframerah yang menghasilkan pita spektrum baru pada bilangan gelombang 1650 cm-1 dan 1044 cm-1, masingmasing untuk gugus fungsi imina dan eter, selanjutnya dicirikan dengan teknik resonansi magnetik inti.
Keyword: antikorosi, asam oleat, asam stearat, oksazolina, oksazolina, zeolit