Judul: Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen Sapi Potong Dengan Pemberian Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Wijen Menggunakan Berbagai Bahan Penyalut Secara In Vitro
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh penambahan mikroenkapsulasi minyak wijen dengan berbagai bahan penyalut terhadap parameter fermentasi rumen secara in vitro. Variabel yang digunakan dalam penelitian diantaranya karakteristik fermentasi (nilai pH, VFA total, NH3, KCBK, dan KCBO), dan populasi mikroba rumen (total bakteri dan populasi protozoa). Penelitian ini menggunakan RAK dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 kelompok berdasarkan pengambilan cairan rumen sebagai ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari kontrol (rumput:konsentrat=60:40), minyak wijen 6% dari konsentrat, minyak wijen terproteksi sodium kaseinat dan maltodekstrin 6% dari konsentrat, minyak wijen terproteksi gum arab dan maltodekstrin 6% dari konsentrat. Hasil memperlihatkan bahwa perlakuan R4 secara signifikan (P<0.05) menghasilkan total VFA paling tinggi. Perlakuan R3 secara signifikan (P<0.05) menghasilkan konsentrasi NH3 paling tinggi. Perlakuan tidak mempengaruhi pH, bakteri total, populasi protozoa, KCBK dan KCBO. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah mikroenkapsulasi minyak wijen dengan berbagai bahan penyalut memberikan pengaruh yang menguntungkan terhadap fermentasi rumen.
Keyword: fermentasi rumen, mikroenkapsulasi, minyak wijen

Judul: Populasi Mikroba dan Karakteristik Fermentasi Rumen dengan Penggunaan Kombinasi Ekstrak Lerak dan Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Nabati secara In Vitro.
Abstrak: Peningkatan produktivitas ternak diharapkan dapat berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kualitasnya. Penerapan teknologi defaunasi yang dikombinasikan dengan mikroenkapsulasi minyak nabati untuk menghasilkan kerja komplementer dalam rangka meningkatkan produktsi dan kualitas ternak ruminansia. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kombinasi ekstrak lerak (Sapindus rarak De Candole) dengan mikroenkapsulasi minyak wijen serta kanola terhadap karakteristik fermentasi dan populasi mikroba rumen. Pengujian dilakukan secara in vitro menggunakan cairan rumen dari 3 ekor sapi jantan Peranakan Ongole (PO) berfistula. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 kelompok yang dibedakan berdasarkan ulangan pengambilan cairan rumen dengan kombinasi ransum pakan yang terdiri atas 6 perlakuan yakni T0 (ransum kontrol berbasis hijauan tinggi, 70% hijauan : 30 konsentrat), T1 (T1 + ekstrak saponin lerak), T2 (T1 + minyak wijen), T3 (T1 + minyak kanola), T4 (T1 + mikroenkapsulasi minyak wijen), dan T5 (T1 + mikroenkapsulasi minyak kanola). Data dianalisis menggunakan sidik ragam serta perbedaan yang signifikan pada taraf kepercayaan 5% diuji lanjut menggunakan Uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa penambahan kombinasi ekstrak lerak 1 mg mL-1 dan 10% minyak kanola yang diproteksi dengan mikroenkapsulasi tidak signifikan terhadap VFA total dan parsial, gas CH4, gas H2, tetapi cenderung menurunkan pH rumen mendekati pH optimum (P < 0.10), tetapi berpengaruh sangat signifikan (P < 0.01) terhadap penurunan populasi protozoa, peningkatan total bakteri rumen, peningkatan konsentrasi N-NH3, serta peningkatan kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik pakan dibandingkan perlakuan lainnya.
Keyword: defaunasi, lerak, mikroenkapsulasi, minyak kanola, minyak wijen

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite