Judul: Struktur Aktivitas Ekonomi Rumahtsngga Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kenrsakan Sumberdaya Alam Di Sub DAS Citanduy Hulu (Studi b u s di Kabupten Tasihnalaya clan Kabupaten Ciamis
Abstrak: The aim of the research is to analyze the dependency of rwal household on natural resources, to analyze the type of rural household's economic activities which have an effect on the natural resources degradation, to analyze the willingness to pay (WTP) of the rural household as an expression of rural people's commitment on the natural resources rehabilitation and the maintenance of the quality of their environment, and to analyze the correiation between the structure of rural household's economic activities with natural resources degradation in Upper Citanduy Watersheed The research was conducted in Kertamukti and Citamba villages, The subdistrict of Ciawi, Tasikmalaya. Medanglayang and Sindangherang villages, the sub-district of Panurnbanpn, Ciamis. Income analysis was done according to descriptive method. Willingness to pay (WTP) was done by using Contingent Vuluution Methud. Rural household income structure is strongly dependent on natural resources at the local area. It is seen from the income distribution structure showing that most part of the income is coming from agricultural sector except of Kertamukti village. The higher the dependency of the nual household economy on the natural resources, the greater is the ecological pressure is exercised by the household. This leads to the situation where the possibility of the occurrence of natural resources damage will be greater. It is taking place in Medanglayang and Citamba where the rural household's dependency on agricultural sector are high for those low of incomes, in such a case the rate of erosion and sedimentation are higher. Case study from Kertamukti showed that when the non fm income is higher, then the level of natural resources damage is lower. This findng leads to a conclusion that poverty causes natural resources damages in Upper Citanduy Watersheed. The average of the WTP value is Rp. 3.879,-, if it is multiplied with the total number of households existed in Upper Citanduy Watersheed, the fund that is collected will be equal to Rp. 1.063.737.365. While according to Yunus (2005), the total budget which is needed for consemtion mounting to Rp 54.713.286.900. So that there is still a need to add much more financial support from government to maintain the environment in Upper Citanduy Watersheed
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Judul: Penifaian Jasa Lingkungan Air Minum dan Penentuen Prioriias Bantuan Perbaikan Lingkungan (Studi Kasus DAS Citarum, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Willingness of community at Citarum watershed to partidpate in improving environmental quality as an effort to reduce impact of dimate change was assessed based on their willingness to pay to environmentd sewices provided by upper watershed communities. Identification of activities that would reduce the involvement of upstream communities to do deforestation and assessment, of vulnerability of downstream communities to climate change was carried out through survey to. household. The illingness to pay was analyzed using Contingent Valuation Methd (CVM) and priority pwmm was analyzed using Analytical Hierarki Process (AHP). Based on CVM analysis it was indicated that the level of willingness of downstream communities to pay the compensation for the environmental sewices (0.g. drinking water) provided by upstream communities depended on their perception and understanding about the important of maintaining forest cover at the upper Citafum watershed and availability of drinking water. If the downstream communities living in the uhan areas often exposed to clean water scarcity problem during dry-season, their willingness to pay for the compensation tended to inmase. Further analysis found that the main factors that motivate mmuniiy to do deforestation at Upper Cirum watershed were to seek new land for agricutture activities and to increase their income. Majority of communities wanted to stop destructing the forest if they have alternative jobs for income generation.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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