Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Nisbah Kotoran Sapi Perah Dan Sampah Pasar Dengan Tingkat Pengenceran Terhadap Penurunan Beban Pencemaran Efluen Dari Fermentasi Anaerob
Abstrak: Masalah lingkungan hidup merupakan topik pokok yang dibahas Indonesia dewasa ini, bahkan dunia. Kehadiran limbah dianggap sebagai penyebab polusi, pencemaran lingkungan dan sumber timbulnya bibit penyakit. Khususnya limbah pasar yang tetap merupakan masalah bagi Dinas Kebersihan setempat. Begitu pula halnya dengan limbah peternakan. Berdasarkan hal tersebut maka penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui besar penyusutan beban polutan limbah cair dari kombinasi sampah pasar dali kotoran sapi perah yang difermentasi secara anaerob dalam skala laboratorium
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Judul: Perubahan sifat kimia limbah cair peternakan sapi perah dengan penanaman eceng gondok (eichhornia erassipes (mart) solms) pada tingkat kepadatan dan lama penyerapan yang berbeda
Abstrak: Meningkatnya usaha peternakan yang dikelola secara intensif, khususnya sapi perah di Indonesia, disamping dapat menimbulkan dampak positif berupa peningkatan produksi susu, sebaliknya akan diikuti pula dengan permasalahan limbah yang semakin kompleks. Salah satu cara penanganan limbah cair dari usaha peternakan sapi perah yaitu dengan cara biologis menggunakan tumbuhan air eceng gondok (Eichhornia crassipes (Mart) Solms). Adapun tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengurangan pencemaran dari limbah cair usaha peternakan sapi perah menggunakan eceng gondok dengan menganalisa sifat kimia limbah cair dari usaha peternakan sapi perah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Ilmu Produksi Babi (Lokasi Kandang C) Fakultas Peternakan IPB Dramaga yang berlangsung selama dua bulan (Maret-April 1997). Analisa kualitas air dilakukan di Laboratorium Fisika Kimia Jurusan Manajemen Sumber Daya Perairan Fakultas Perikanan IPB Bogor. Materi penelitian adalah eceng gondok yang diperoleh dari lokasi Sawah Baru Dramaga dan limbah cair yang digunakan berasal dari Lokasi Peternakan Sapi Perah Kandang A Fakultas Peternakan IPB. Perlakuan yang dicobakan yaitu tingkat kepadatan (0, 25 dan 50%) dan lama penyerapan (0, 4, 8, 12, 16, 20 dan 24 hari). Adapun parameter yang diukur yaitu derajat keasaman (pH), oksigen terlarut (DO), kebutuhan oksigen biologi (BOD). kebutuhan oksigen kimia (COD), amonia (NH3), nitrat (NO3), nitrit (NO₂), sulfat (SO4) dan fosfat (PO4). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial 3 x 7 dengan tiga ulangan. Hasil analisa laboratorium menunjukan kandungan limbah cair peternakan sapi perah mempunyai kadar bahan organik yang tinggi. Analisis ragam menunjukan pengaruh interaksi perlakuan tingkat kepadatan (0, 25 dan 50%) dengan lama penyerapan (0, 4. 8. 12, 16, 20 dan 24 hari) terhadap nilai pH, nitrat dan BOD adalah nyata (p<0,05). Analisis ragam pengaruh perlakuan tingkat kepadatan terhadap DO, COD, amonia, nitrit, fosfat dan sulfat menunjukan hasil tidak berbeda nyata (p>0,05), sedangkan pengarnth perlakuan lama penyerapan terhadap nilai tersebut berbeda sangat nyata (p<0,01). Dengan penanaman eceng gondok dapat menurunkan kandungan bahan pencemar BOD dan COD dari limbah cair peternakan sapi perah.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite