Judul: Analisis Network Pharmacology untuk Menemukan Kandidat Senyawa Anti Diabetes Melitus Tipe II pada Tanaman Mangifera Indica
Abstrak: Diabetes melitus disebabkan oleh gangguan produksi insulin dalam pankreas atau karena glukosa yang dibawa insulin tidak dapat diterima oleh sel-sel akibat terhalang lemak tubuh. Mangifera indica mengandung senyawa yang berpotensi sebagai antidiabetes. Penelitian ini menerapkan analisis network pharmacology untuk memvisualisasikan interaksi senyawa pada Mangifera indica dan protein target diabetes melitus tipe II. Metode soft clustering menggunakan ClusterONE dilakukan untuk mendapatkan protein signifikan dengan p-value terendah dan nilai centrality tertinggi. Cluster tersebut terdiri dari 16 protein, yaitu GPD2, GNPAT, MBOAT1, GPD1, MBOAT2, LPIN1, AGPAT6, GK, ADPRM, GPAM, AGPAT5, AGPAT4, AGPAT2, AGPAT9, DAK dan GPAT2. Protein-protein ini berasosiasi dengan senyawa mangiferolic acid dan mangiferonic acid pada tanaman Mangifera indica dalam mengurai asam lemak tak jenuh yang berpengaruh terhadap resistensi insulin, sehingga dapat digunakan untuk mencegah komplikasi pada penderita diabetes. Analisis Gene Ontology dan Pathway menunjukkan bahwa protein protein tersebut berkaitan dengan aktivitas asam lemak pada membaran mitokondria yang berhubungan dengan patofisiologi diabetes., Diabetes Mellitus are caused by impaired insulin production on the pancreas or because the glucose carried by insulin can’t be accepted by the cells due to being blocked by body fat. Mangifera indica contains compound that have potential as an antidiabetic. This study applies network pharmacology analysis to visualize the interaction of compound on Mangifera indica and proteins target on type II diabetes mellitus. The soft clustering method using ClusterONE was carried out to obtain significant proteins with the lowest p-value and the highest centrality value. The cluster consists of 16 proteins, namely GPD2, GNPAT, MBOAT1, GPD1, MBOAT2, LPIN1, AGPAT6, GK, ADPRM, GPAM, AGPAT5, AGPAT4, AGPAT2, AGPAT9, DAK and GPAT2. These proteins associate with mangiferolic acid and mangiferonic acid compounds in the Mangifera indica plant to breaking down unsaturated fatty acids which affect insulin resistance, so they can be used to prevent complications in diabetics. Gene Ontology and Pathway analysis showed that these proteins are related to fatty acid activity in mitochondrial membranes which are related to the pathophysiology of diabetes.
Keyword: network pharmacology, diabetes mellitus, Mangifera indica, ClusterONE, enrichment

Judul: In Silico Analysis of Active Compounds in Mango Peel (Mangifera indica L.) as a Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 Inhibitor
Abstrak: Diabetes melitus tipe II merupakan kondisi hiperglikemik yang menyebabkan terjadinya gangguan sekresi insulin dan resistensi insulin. Salah satu alternatif pengobatan DM tipe II yang saat ini sedang dikembangkan adalah inhibitor dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4). Kulit mangga (Mangifera indica L.) mengandung senyawa aktif flavonoid, fenolik, dan karotenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan senyawa aktif kulit mangga Indramayu yang berpotensi sebagai inhibitor DPP-4 dan sebagai obat DM tipe II melalui penambatan molekuler dengan perangkat lunak PLANTs. Senyawa aktif sebagai ligan uji dengan potensi inhibisi tertinggi hingga terendah, yaitu methyl stearate, γ–linolenic acid ethyl ester, metil-9-octadecenoate, mangiferin, palmitelaidic acid methyl ester, theogallin, katekin, hexitol, dan asam elagik. Methyl stearate dan mangiferin merupakan ligan uji terbaik sebagai inhibitor DPP-4 dibandingkan dengan ligan alami gosogliptin, dimana skor penambatan masing-masing -100,276 dan -92,382. Kedua senyawa tersebut diprediksi aman sebagai obat oral pada pengobatan diabetes melitus tipe II.
Keyword: Diabetes, DPP-IV, Kulit Mangga, Penambatan Molekuler, PLANTs

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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