Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The focus of this study is the devetopment of a sustainable water resource utilization model through proper water priCing regime in the DKI Jakarta region, in accordance With cost of treatment at the firm (pAM Jaya) and conservation of water resources at the up-stream catchment areas. The objectives of this study are: (1) to buill and test the behavior of water supply and demand over time, (2) to conduct the optimizatiOn model the time variable, and (3) to formulate alternative of scenarios water resource management policy v.flich will give an optimum benefit and win con5efVe the water resource. Two methods are used in this research: First, the econometric analysis was applied to construct the water suppty and demand dynamicalfy. Second, the dynamic optimization was carried out to analysis the total benefi1s accrued to stakehokiers given the constraints on water supply and water pricing mechanism. Results of the study show that demand for water in urban area is greater than its supply and water supply has experienced a decreasing retum to scale. The water price is specified by ftat price which does not capture the nature of water scardty, because it is not related to economic consideration, especially, related to adjustment between investment. operation, and maintenance cost.. to contrast, marginal price has shown the scarcity of water resource and by intemaIizing the cost of externality in .the up-stream and water fee in the fonn of provision value of water (NPA). Another resuH suggests that the benefit of an optimum utilization of ground and surface water resource at baseline modeJ. reached about Rp. 141.128 billion for the last period, with demand growth at 4.7 percent The gromdwater stock. Of aquifefS inDKI Jakarta witl decrease by half in 2008, afterwards the treatment of surface water will become Vert intensive, and very costly, so that the price of potable water witl be expensjve, Finally. the study shows that the market based scenarios generates more benefit and a longer time path of planning to meet the growth of demand and the available stock d water resources will be decreased in 2039.
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Judul: Inter basin management model for sustainable water supply (case study: to fulfill water supply for DKIJakarta )
Abstrak: Jakarta is capital of Indonesia and as a big city with the administrative status of a regency or province with 9.588.198 people in 2010 (BPS, July, 2010). Jakarta needs water 524.953.840 for domestic and non domestic 212.606.350 m3 and totally 737.560.145,20 m3. PAM Jaya production capacity in 2009 is about 509.431.934 m3/year, about 69,07% the total needs of DKI Jakarta. To fulfil the water, Jakarta needs water supply from the other provinces, 80% water supply for Jakarta are from Citarum (West Java) and Cisadane (Tangerang-Banten) and others. A research has been done within 13 months started from 2010 July until 2011 August. The research is aimed to identify the supply and demand of water and to structurize the role and relationship of stakeholders in the fulfilment the water supply inter basin. The methodology analysis were Interpretative Structure Modelling (ISM), Multy Dimensional Scalling (MDS) and System Dinamic. The goverment has a central role to fulfil the needs of water supply, fulfilment water needs to understand more about supply and demand of water. The problem was the flood had often occured. The sustainable of fulfillment water supply for DKI Jakarta has economy dimensional (69,17), social dimensional (56,52), dimensional of law and institution (68,24), dimensional of infrastructur and technology (61,45), but dimensional of ecology is not sustainable with the score (48,75). In the dynamic model is built, after a policy intervention program 3R, BKT, 13 rivers, desalination, reduction in leakage, PES and others, the need for clean water and adequate Jakarta in 2030 met with no water supply in the soil water uptake and shallow ground water. Jakarta water needs can be met by working together across the region with local government and local government Tangerang Banten Jabar in the utilization of water resources in the watershed that flows in the region with payments for environmental services or PES 50 billion per year.In order to achieve water security, Jakarta needs to build policy scenarios that lack of clean water to Jakarta in the future does not happen again. Both policy scenarios related to supply and demand management and water management technologies, among others, the construction of large dams which hold water from 13 rivers that flow into Jakarta. Building a pipeline project from Jatiluhur reservoir and increase flow of raw water sources other outside Jakarta to conduct inter-regional cooperation. In addition to the management of raw water in the watershed that is the method of normalization ultraviltrasi 13 coupled with the existing river / flowing in Jakarta. In 2031 the use of ground water in the capital should be discussed again with the stakeholders or the public through public consultation, needs to be rethought termination step permits the use of groundwater in the year 2031.
Keyword: Water supply, inter basin, sustainable management, supply demand, DKI Jakarta

Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship