Judul: Identification of Growth Hormone Gene Variation in the Exon Region of Indonesian Local Cattle Based on PCR-SSCP Method
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to identify the polymorphisms of the growth hormone gene (GH) of Indonesian local cattle breeds as well as two exotic breed as the out grouped using polymerase chain reaction and single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP). 20 DNA samples of each Indonesian local cattle in consists of Bali, Pesisir, Madura and Katingan and 10 DNA samples of Simmental and Limousine cattle were used. The results show that the polymorphism of the GH gene was found in the three exon regions which are exon 1, 2 and 5 at Indonesian local cattle except for the Bali and Madura cattle that showed polymorphism only at exon 2. This two cattle showed monomorphism at their exon 3 and 4. On the other hand, the exotic breed showed the polymorphism in all exon regions, except for exon 2 in Simmental cattle which was found to be monomorphic. Bos javanicus was monomorphic in the fifth exon except at exon 2 that is polymorphic, while Bos taurus and Bos indicus were polymorphic in the fifth exon. The degree of heterozygosity in the Bos javanicus was a lower when compared to the value of Bos taurus and Bos indicus, so that it can be stated that the high diversity found in the Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle.
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Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Hormon Pertumbuhan (GH-MspI) pada Kerbau Lokal (Bubalus bubalis)
Abstrak: The aim of this study was to identify polymorphism of buffalo’s growth hormone (GH-MspI) gene that localized in intron 3 using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) – Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) method. Total of the blood samples were 320 which is from Semarang, Medan, Mataram and Banten. Polymorphism in 261 samples were identified and revealed three genotypies that are 223 bp and 104 bp for the +/+ genotype; 327 bp, 222 bp and 104 bp for the +/- genotype and 327 bp (no digestion) for the -/- genotype. Frequencies of the +/+ genotype and + allele were the highest in whole populations. Frequencies were 0.805 for +/+ genotype, 0.146 for +/- genotype, and 0.05 for -/- genotype. The frequency of + allele was 0.878. The frecuencies of + allele and +/+ genotype were the highest. The highest heterozygocities was 0.562 for Semarang population and the lowest was 0.093 for Banten population and the average heterozygocities for all populations detected was 0.370. Index fixation value of GH gene showed there was no gene fixation in all populations. Keywords: Buffalo, GH-MspI gene, PCR-RFLP
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Judul: Karakteristik lompatan hidrolik terhadap pelimpah terjunan pada saluran segi empat
Abstrak: Aliran dengan kecepatan tinggi dalam kondisi superkritis yang melintasi bangunan pelimpah, sebelum bergerak lebih jauh ke arah hilir saluran dimana bilangan Froude (F) lebih besar dari satu harus diubah menjadi aliran subkritis dimana bilangan Froudenya lebih kecil dari satu. Aliran yang meninggalkan kaki pelimpah merupakan aliran yang memiliki kandungan energi yang amat berarti sehingga dapat menimbulkan pengikisan yang besar. Pengubahan bilangan Froude dari kondisi superkritis ke subkritis dimaksudkan agar terjadi perubahan kandungan energi, sehingga aliran menjadi non erosive. Agar daya erosive aliran dapat berkurang, maka biasanya pada bagian hilir dari bangunan pelimpah dibuatkan suatu bangunan peredam energi. Erosi yang terjadi di hilir bangunan pelimpah dapat disebabkan dari keberadaan bangunan pelimpah itu sendiri, maupun bangunan peredam energi yang kurang tepat. Hal ini terutama menyangkut beberapa kejadian lompatan hidrolik yang timbul pada bangunan peredam energi tersebut.. Suatu metode yang efektif untuk menjamin bahwa lompatan hidrolik selalu terjadi pada daerah yang dilindungi, adalah dengan menggunakan bangunan peredam energi yang terdiri dari beberapa tipe dengan..dst
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