Judul: Kajian Pustaka Aplikasi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) pada Tanaman Kehutanan Jenis Non Dipterocarpaceae
Abstrak: Mikoriza arbuskula merupakan jenis fungi yang populer karena memiliki kemampuan simbiosis yang potensial pada berbagai ekosistem di alam. Berdasarkan fakta ilmiah tersebut, perlu dilakukan kajian pustaka mengenai penggunaan FMA pada tanaman kehutanan jenis non Dipterocarpaceae yang bertujuan untuk mengumpulkan informasi tentang pemanfaatan dan peran FMA dalam meningkatkan kualitas pertumbuhan tanaman non Dipterocarpaceae, menganalisis data-data hasil penelitian mengenai jenis FMA yang efektif beserta kombinasi perlakuannya dan memberikan informasi kepada pembaca. Hasil analisis data dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Jenis FMA yang berpengaruh positif pada Melia azedarach, Anthocephalus cadamba, Gmelina arborea dan Falcataria moluccana adalah Gigaspora sp. Tanaman Palaquium sp. dan Aquilaria crassna menggunakan G. margarita. Inokulum Glomus sp. untuk Samanea saman, Dyera polyphylla, Tectona grandis, Enterolobium cyclocarpum, Calliandra calothyrsus, dan Leucaena leucocephala. Mycofer dapat digunakan untuk Sizygium spp. dan Ficus spp. Jenis FMA G. etunicatum untuk Alstonia scholaris. Perlakuan media tumbuh seperti campuran media tailing berkompos aktif yang bersimbiosis dengan Mycofer menghasilkan respon pertumbuhan yang positif pada tanaman Melia azedarach. Pemupukan dapat meningkatkan efektivitas FMA, seperti pada penambahan bio-organik 50 ml pada tanaman Ficus spp. yang bersimbiosis dengan Mycofer. Penambahan isolat bakteri BGG01 yang berasosiasi dengan Gigaspora sp. berdampak positif pada pertumbuhan dan kualitas tanaman Melia azedarach.
Keyword: fungi mikoriza arbuskula, non Dipterocarpaceae, pertumbuhan

Judul: Potensi Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) di Ekosistem Tanaman Karet, Jambi
Abstrak: Mikoriza adalah suatu hubungan simbiosis mutualisme antara fungi dengan perakaran tumbuhan. Fungi mikoriza arbuskula merupakan fungi yang penyebarannya sangat luas di alam, tetapi penelitian FMA di ekosistem tanaman karet belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini perlu dilakukan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman dan potensi FMA di ekosistem tanaman karet. Pengamatan kolonisasi FMA pada akar Pueraria javanica menggunakan teknik pewarnaan akar sedangkan isolasi spora dengan menggunakan metode tuang basah. Penghitungan potensi propagul digunakan metode Most Probable Number (MPN). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa jumlah kepadatan spora tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah kolonisasi akar. Dalam penelitian ini ditemukan 3 genus spora yaitu Glomus sp., Acaulospora sp., dan Gigaspora sp. Genus Glomus merupakan genus yang paling dominan karena terdapat pada setiap lokasi. Jumlah propagul di ekosistem tanaman karet daerah Harapan lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan daerah Bukit Dua Belas.
Keyword: fungi mikoriza arbuskula, kolonisasi, potensi propagul

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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