Judul: Produksi Masal Inokulum Azotobacter, Azospirillum dan Bakteri Pelarut Fosfat dengan Menggunakan Media Alternatif
Abstrak: Azotobacter, Azospirillum and phosphate solubilizing bacteria are the most commonest microbial inoculant used in preparation of biofertilizer. To have good biofertilizers inoculant, the high number of inoculant cells, and good carriers as well as the method of carriers sterilization are among the most important factors determined the quality of biofertilizer. Related to the number of inoculant cells in carriers, the growing medium used to cultivate the microbial cells plays very important role. For mass production of microbial cells of inoculant, the medium should be able to support fast growth with high number of microbial cells of inoculant but the price of medium should be reasonably cheap. This study aimed to find cheap growing medium that can support high number of microbial inoculant cells and the components of the medium should be easy to obtain and the price is cheap. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Soil Biotechnology, and the Laboratory of Soil Chemistry and Soil Fertility, the Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB). The results showed that the media IPB RI-1 was able to support the growth of 1010 cfu / ml Azotobacter, 108 cfu / ml Azospirillum and 109 cfu / ml Phospate Solubilizing Bacterium. The Nutrient Broth media was only able to produce microbial cells much as 108 cfu / ml media. This means that the media IPB RI-1 increased 100-fold population of Azotobacter compared to the growth of this bacterium in Nutrient Broth and Phospate Solubilizing Bacteria increased 10-fold of their population in Nutrient Broth medium. The costs of the IPB RI-1 and IPB RI-2 were much cheaper compared to the cost of Nutrient Broth media. The cost of media IPB RI-1 only 3% (Rp 945) and IPB RI-2 about 2% (Rp 690) of the cost of media Nutrient Broth (Rp 27.752).
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Judul: Teknologi formulasi pupuk hayati rizobakteria dan aplikasinya sebagai pemacu pertumbuhan tanaman kedelai dan biofungisida pada tanah masam
Abstrak: Soybean production in Indonesia is still low, therefore Indonesian government must import soybean from other countries up to 45-50% to fulfill national requirement. This is a problem that should be solved through many approaches. One of the approach to increase soybean production through the use of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) that have been understood important in plant health and fitness. Our previous study resulted several indigenous strains of Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp. from soybean rhizosphere that are combined with nitrogen-fixing bacteria Bradyrhizobium japonicum from soybean plant. The combinations of these bacteria were potential as plant growth promoter and biocontrol for root phytopathogenic fungi (biofungicide). For further use of these rhizobacteria, need to be developed bioprocess technology for formulation of inoculants production to increase soybean productivity. Objective of this research was to made biofertilizer containing rhizobacteria to be applied on soybean in acid soils. This research was conducted in 3 stages; optimalization media production in laboratory, formulation and bioassay in the greenhouse. The best medium for inoculants production are skim milk and molasses that produce bacterial population of 108-109 cfu/ml. Peat and talcum powder were used to formulation as carrier material. Three kind of prototype were produced; there were M-Sr (isolate Cr24, Crb17 dan Bj11); M-Rs (isolate Cr55, Crb64 dan Bj11); dan M-Fo (isolate Cr76, Crb86 dan Bj11). Each inoculant formed to three forms of formulations; there were granules (G), talc powder (T) and peat powder (S). Greenhouse test showed that several combinations of bacteria in the formula can stimulate the height of soybean plant, root weight, and plant performance. The biofertilizer applied with doses 400 g/ha for talc powder and peat powder. Rhizobakteria inoculants can be used as biofungicide. Disease suppression on Sclerotium roflsii, Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum respectively 79.98%, 27.27%, 50.12%. Storage up to 6 months was still able to maintain the bacterial population to 107-108 cells/g. Based on this result, we will asses this formula in field experiments under acid soils.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii