Judul: Pendugaan Umur Simpan Tepung Cookies Menggunakan Metode Akselerasi Dengan Pendekatan Kadar Air Kritis
Abstrak: Label pangan adalah salah satu kewajiban yang harus dicantumkan oleh produsen pangan. Hal ini diatur dalam UU Pangan no 18 tahun 2012. Informasi umur simpan ditujukan agar konsumen mendapatkan jaminan mutu dan keamanan dari produk yang dikonsumsi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menduga umur simpan tepung cookies yang diproduksi oleh salah satu industri tepung di Bogor. Tepung cookies yang diproduksi merupakan tepung komposit dengan kombinasi bahan utama tepung beras dan tepung sorgum. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian adalah Accelerated Shelf-life Testing (ASLT) yaitu dengan mengkondisikan lingkungan produk yang dapat mempercepat reaksi penurunan mutu. Pendekatan kadar air kritis digunakan pada penelitian karena kadar air merupakan parameter penting dalam menentukan mutu tepung. Tahapan penelitian meliputi penentuan kadar air awal (Mo), kadar air kritis (Mc), penyimpanan sampel pada berbagai RH untuk mendapatkan kurva ISA, penentuan model sorpsi isotermis, uji ketepatan model, penentuan kemiringan kurva (b), pengukuran variabel umur simpan lainnya, serta pendugaan umur simpan dengan menggunakan persamaan Labuza. Model yang tepat untuk menggambarkan kurva isotermis sorpsi pada tepung cookies adalah model Oswin dengan nilai MRD 0,26. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa umur simpan tepung cookies dengan pendekatan air kritis berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) tepung beras pada RH 71% dengan menggunakan kemasan aluminium foil, LDPE (Low Density Polyethylene), dan plastik PP (Poly Propylene) berturut-turut adalah 324 hari, 30 hari, dan 144 hari dan pada RH 82% adalah 172 hari, 16 hari, dan 77 hari., Food labels are one of the obligations that must be included by food producers. This is regulated in Food Law No 18 of 2012. Shelf life information is intended so that consumers can guarantee the quality and safety of the products they consume. The purpose of this study was to estimate the shelf life of cookies flour produced by a flour industry in Bogor. Cookies flour produced is a composite flour with a combination of rice flour and sorghum flour. The method used in this research is Accelerated Shelf-life Testing (ASLT), namely by conditioning the product environment which can accelerate the reaction of quality degradation. The critical moisture content approach was used in this study because the water content is an important parameter in determining flour quality. The research stages include determining the initial moisture content (Mo), critical water content (Mc), storing samples at various RH to obtain the ISA curve, determining the isotherm sorption model, testing the accuracy of the model, determining the slope of the curve (b), measuring other shelf life variables, and estimation of shelf life which is calculated based on the Labuza equation. The best fit model in describing the moisture sorption isothermic curve in cookies flour was the Oswin model with MRD values 0,26. The results show that the shelf life of cookies flour with a critical water approach based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) for rice flour at 71% RH using aluminium foil, LDPE (Low-Density Polyethylene), and PP (Polypropylene) packaging, respectively was 324 days, 30 days, and 144 days and at 82% RH was 172 days, 16 days, and 77 days.
Keyword: cookies flour, critical moisture content, Labuza, shelf life

Judul: Pendugaan Umur Simpan Tepung Bumbu Gorengan dengan Metode Akselerasi Pendekatan Kadar Air Kritis
Abstrak: Konsumsi tepung terigu semakin meningkat sebagai bahan penyalut produk gorengan. Namun, tepung terigu merupakan tepung yang mengandung gluten dan dapat menyebabakan beberapa penyakit jika konsumsinya berlebihan. Peran tepung terigu sebagai penyalut gorengan dapat digantikan dengan tepung bumbu non gluten. Sebagai produk pangan, tepung bumbu harus diketahui umur simpannya untuk keamanan konsumen. Pendugaan umur simpan dilakukan dengan metode Accelerated Shelf-Life Test (ASLT), dilakukan dengan memodifikasi suhu dan kelembaban ruang agar produk yang disimpan dapat cepat rusak. Pendugaan umur simpan tepung bumbu dilakukan dengan metode kadar air kritis menggunakan persamaan Labuza. Variabel yang digunakan antara lain kadar air awal, kadar air kritis, kadar air kesetimbangan, slope kurva ISA, permeabilitas kemasan, luas kemasan, berat padatan per kemasan, dan tekanan uap air jenuh pada suhu penyimpanan. Kurva ISA yang didapatkan pada penelitian berbentuk sigmoid atau sama dengan Kurva ISA tipe II yang banyak ditemukan pada produk pangan. Nilai Mean Relative Determination (MRD) terkecil pada pemodelan Hasley 3,74. Pendugaan umur simpan dilakukan pada RH 75, 84, dan 89% menggunakan kadar air kritis percobaan dan kadar air kritis berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) dengan beberapa jenis kemasan antara lain PP 02, PP 03, dan alumunium foil. Hasil perhitungan umur simpan tepung bumbu gorengan pada penyimpanan kelembaban relatif 75, 84, dan 89% menggunakan kadar air kritis SNI dengan kemasan PP 02 secara berturut-turut selama 95, 49, 35 hari, dengan kemasan PP 03 selama 143, 74, 54 hari, dan dengan kemasan alumunium foil selama 641, 333, 242 hari., Consumption of wheat flour is increasing as a coating of fried products. However, wheat flour is a flour that contains gluten and can cause some diseases if its consumption is excessive. The role of wheat flour as a fried coating can be replaced with non-gluten seasoning flour. As a food product, seasoning flour should be known its shelf life for consumer safety. Estimation of shelf life is done by Accelerated Shelf-Life Test (ASLT) method, done by modifying the room temperature and humidity conditions so that the stored products can be quickly damaged. Seasoning flour is a food product whose main damage is due to the absorption of water vapor. Estimating the shelf life of seasoning flour is done by critical water content method using Labuza equation. The parameters used include initial moisture content, critical moisture content, equilibrium water content, ISA curve slope, packaging area, packaging permeability, solid weight per package, and saturated water vapor pressure at storage temperature. The ISA curve obtained in the study is in the form of sigmoid or the same as the ISA curve type II that is found in food products. The smallest Mean Relative Determination (MRD) value is obtained in Hasley modeling 3,74. The restoration of shelf life was carried out at RH 75, 84, and 89% using experimental critical water content and critical water content based on the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) with several types of packaging including PP 02, PP 03, and aluminum foil. The results of the calculation of the shelf life of fried spice flour in the storage of relative humidity 75, 84, and 89% use the critical water content of SNI
Keyword: Kadar air, Kelembaban relatif, Tepung bumbu, Umur simpan

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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