Judul: DNA Barcode of Fungus Growing Termites and Fungal Symbionts in Thailand.
Abstrak: Simbiosis merupakan proses penting dalam pengembangan biodiversitas seperti antara serangga dan fungi. Rayap penumbuh cendawan Termitidae: Macrotermitinae merupakan kelompok rayap yang unik karena mampu menumbuhkan cendawan Basidiomikotina: Termitomyces pada sarangnya dalam suatu hubungan mutualisme. Kelompok rayap ini memiliki peran penting sebagai dekomposer utama. Tetapi, studi menyeluruh tentang rayap penumbuh cendawan dan simbion cendawan relatif masih terbatas dan hubungan kompleks rayapcendawan simbion menjadi isu yang menarik untuk diteliti. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies rayap dan cendawan simbion menggunakan DNA barcoding, membandingkannya dengan identifikasi menggunakan morfologi, dan untuk menemukan hubungan ko-evolusi antara rayap dan cendawan simbionnya. Sebanyak tiga genus (Macrotermes, Odontotermes, dan Ancistrotermes) dan dua spesies rayap (Macrotermes annandalei dan Ancistrotermes pakistanicus) teridentifikasi dari enam koloni yang ditemukan menggunakan DNA barkode. Keenam koloni tersebut menumbuhkan genus spesifik Termitomyces dengan satu spesies teridentifikasi, yaitu T. cylindricus. Hasil identifikasi secara morfologi mendukung hasil identifikasi molekular pada sampel rayap. Namun, sampel cendawan lebih banyak teridentifikasi menggunakan pendekatan molekular karena keterbatasan karakter morfologi jamur yang teramati untuk identifikasi. Hubungan inang-simbion dengan spesifisitas tinggi ditemukan antara M. annandalei dan Termitomyces sp. Group1. Hubungan spesifisitas inang lebih rendah ditemukan pada klade Termitomyces Group2 sehingga data tambahan diperlukan untuk hasil yang lebih signifikan.
Keyword: DNA Barcoding, koevolusi, Macrotermitinae, Termitomyces, mutualisme

Judul: Keanekaragaman Spesies Rayap dan Bakteri Simbionnya: Studi Kasus di Kampus IPB Dramaga, Bogor
Abstrak: As tropical country, Indonesia is very rich with biodiversity. Termite species diversity is quite high in this country, i.e around 200 spesies compared to 2000 spesies for the whole world. Since termites must have a symbioses with microbes to digest cellulose, so spesies diversity of those microbes must be correlated with termites spesies diversity. The objective of this research was to inventory spesies diversity of termites and their bacterial symbiont in Campus IPB Dramaga. Termites were collected through observation station installed in the ground and transect 10 m x 10 m which were set in Campus IPB Dramaga area. Symbiont microbes were extracted from proctodeum of each termites spesies with serial dilution technique and staining on culture media. Bacteria kolonied and characterized by Gram and morphology. The results showed that 4 species of termites belong to family Termitidae (Macrotermes gilvus, Capritermes mohri, Odontotermes javanicus, and Microtermes insperatus) and 2 species belong to family Rhinotermitidae (Coptotermes curvignathus and Schedorhinotermes javanicus) were founds. Symbiont bacteria extracted from proctodeum of those termites consist of 34 isolates from Termitidae and 9 isolates from Rhinotermitidae based on Gram and morphological characteristic.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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