Judul: Classifications of Mangrove Land Cover Change on Bintan Island Riau Island Province
Abstrak: Berdasarkan data peta mangrove nasional, luas hutan mangrove di Indonesia sekitar 3.361.216 ha (23% dari luas total ekosistem mangrove dunia), tetapi hanya 2,5 juta ha dalam keadaan baik. Pulau Bintan merupakan salah satu wilayah persebaran mangrove di Indonesia yang mengalami penurunan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perubahan tutupan lahan dan kerapatan mangrove menggunakan citra Landsat 8 (OLI) perekaman tahun 2014 dan 2021. Metode klasifikasi terbimbing maximum likehood untuk menentukan kelas tutupan lahan dan transformasi normalized difference vegetation index untuk menentukan kerapatan tutupan lahan hutan mangrove. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan menghasilkan 11 kelas tutupan lahan dengan nilai kappa accuracy sebesar 98,89%. Pada rentang waktu 2014 sampai 2021, hutan mangrove di landsystem mangrove Pulau Bintan mengalami penurunan (sebesar 453,16 ha). Selain itu, terjadi peningkatan perubahan kelas tutupan lahan yang paling tinggi pada lahan terbangun sebesar 3.836,87 ha dan terjadi penurunan paling tinggi pada kelas pertanian lahan kering sebesar 2.514,95. Luas hutan mangrove pada landsystem mangrove Pulau Bintan mengalami penurunan sebesar 1.137,48 ha (hutan mangrove kerapatan lebat) dan 172,82 ha (hutan mangrove kerapatan sedang) sehingga menyebabkan hutan mangrove kerapatan jarang mengalami penambahan luas sebesar 857,14 ha., According to The Map of One National Mangrove, Indonesia's mangrove forest area is around 3,361,216 ha million ha (23% of the total area of the world's mangrove ecosystems forest), but only 2.5 million ha in good condition. Bintan Island is one of the areas where the distribution of mangroves in Indonesia has decreased. This study aims to analyze changes in land cover and mangrove density using Landsat 8 (OLI) images recorded in 2014 and 2021. The maximum likelihood guided classification method is used to determine land cover classification and normalized difference vegetation index is used to determine the density of mangrove forest land cover. Land cover classification provides 11 different land cover classes with a kappa accuracy value of 98.89%. In the period from 2014 to 2021, mangrove forest in landsystem mangrove Bintan Island is decreasing around 453.16 ha. In addition, there was an greatest change in land cover class in the built up land class which encompassed 3,836.87 ha, and the lowest change in land cover class in the dry land agricultural class of 2,514.94 ha. There was a decrease in density of dense mangroves by 1,137.48 ha, moderate mangroves by 172.82 ha, and mangroves rarely experienced an increase in area of 857.14 ha.
Keyword: Bintan Island, Supervised Classification, Landsystem Mangrove, Bintan Island

Judul: Monitoring Mangrove Area and Density Using Landsat Satellite on Lancang Island, Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Mangrove adalah tumbuhan yang hidup di lingkungan pesisir dengan salinitas rendah. Ekosistem mangrove dapat tumbuh di zona intertidal dan zona supratidal. Monitoring ekosistem mangrove secara langsung tidak mudah karena sulitnya memetakan kawasan mangrove sehingga dibutuhkannya teknologi penginderaan jauh sebagai metode alternatif. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji perubahan luasan dan kerapatan mangrove secara temporal menggunakan citra Landsat. Metode yang digunakan adalah klasifikasi terbimbing dengan algoritma maximum likelihood classification dan indeks vegetasi Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI). Pada tahun 2000 hingga 2010, luasan ekosistem mangrove mengalami peningkatan seluas 5,31 ha atau 131,11% dari luasan sebelumnya. Pada rentang waktu berikutnya yaitu tahun 2010 hingga 2021, luasan ekosistem mangrove mengalami peningkatan kembali seluas 6,3 ha atau 67,30% dari luasan sebelumnya. Hasil klasifikasi kerapatan mangrove di Pulau Lancang terbagi menjadi tiga kelas yaitu jarang, sedang, dan rapat. Pada tahun 2000, 2010, dan 2021 kerapatan mangrove kelas jarang dan sedang mengalami penurunan, sedangkan kerapatan mangrove kelas rapat mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan luasan dan kerapatan mangrove di Pulau Lancang, Kepulauan Seribu dikarenakan tidak adanya gangguan secara berlebihan dari masyarakat setempat, adanya unsur hara yang menyuplai ekosistem mangrove, dan memiliki jenis substrat berlumpur yang optimal bagi habitat mangrove. Hasil uji akurasi klasifikasi citra tutupan lahan sebesar 85,45%., Mangroves are plants that live in coastal environments with low to mid range salinity. Mangrove ecosystems can grow in the intertidal zone and supratidal zone. Monitoring mangrove ecosystems directly is not easy because of the difficulty of mapping mangrove areas. So, remote sensing technology is needed as an alternative method. This research purposed to examine temporary changes in an area and density of mangroves using Landsat imagery. Method that used in this research was supervised classification with the maximum likelihood classification algorithm and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) vegetation index. In 2000 to 2010, mangrove ecosystem area expanded by 5.31 ha or 131,11% from previous area. In the next time span between 2010 to 2021, mangrove ecosystem area expanded by 6.3 ha or 67,30% from previous area. Mangrove density on Lancang Island specified into three classes that was sparse, moderate, and concentrated. In 2000, 2010, and 2021, sparse and moderate density of mangroves area has been degradated, while concentrated mangroves area has been expanded. The expanding area and density of mangroves on Lancang Island, Kepulauan Seribu Regency was due to the absence of excessive disturbance from local community, the presence of nutrients that supplied the mangrove ecosystem, and optimal type of muddy substrate for mangrove habitat. The results of accuracy test on land cover image classification were 85.45%.
Keyword: Area, Canopy Cover, Density, Mangrove, NDVI

Judul: Karakteritsik kimia dan organoleptik tablet effervescent putih telur bersitarasa lemon dengan konsentrasi effervescent mix yang berbeda
Abstrak: Egg is an animal origin food product which has high nutritional value especially protein. Cholesterol content of eggs is only found in egg yolk, on the other hand albumen does not countain cholesterol at all but high content of protein, so it can be used as a free cholesterol-protein sources. The application of albumen as egg instant drink effervescent tablet can be an alternative of protein source for people who need free-cholesterol diet. It can also become an egg product diversification.
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