Judul: Utilitas protein ransum berbahan dasar tepung gaplek varietas pahit pada ayam broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan di bagian unggas, jurusan Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas PEternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, selama satu setengah bulan mulai tanggal 14 Mei sampai dengan tanggal 24 Juni 1985. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh penggunaan tepung gaplek berkulit varietas pahit sebagai pengganti jagung kuning dalam ransum ayam broiler, terhadap utilitasasi protein.
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Judul: Utilisasi protein ransum berbahan dasar tepung gaplek varietas pahit pada ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan di bagian unggas, jurusan Ilmu Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Insti- tut Pertanian Bogor, selama satu setengah bulan mulai tanggal 14 Mei sampai dengan tanggal 24 Juni 1985. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat pengaruh penggu- naan tepung gaplek berkulit varietas pahit sebagai peng- ganti jagung kuning dalam ransum ayam broiler, terhadap utilisasi protein. Rancangan yang dipakai berupa rancangan acak lengkap petak terpisah dalam waktu (Split plot in time) dengan 13 perlakuan, sebagai petak utama (Plot induk) dan waktu (minggu ke 1, 2. dan 3) sebagai split plot, masing-masing dengan dua ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan berpeng- aruh nyata (P/ 0.05) terhadap konsumsi protein selama periode starter, selanjutnya pada periode finisher perlakuan berpengaruh sangat nyata (P/ 0.01). Efisiensi peng- gunaan protein dan persentase retensi nitrogen tidak ber- beda nyata dari masing-masing perlakuan. Selama periode starter, pada tingkat penggunaan tepung gaplek yang sama penambahan mineral dan vitamin B 22. tidak mempengaruhi konsumsi protein. Pada periode finisher penambahan mineral pada tingkat penggunaan tepung gaplek 30% dalam ransum nyata (P0.05) meningkatkan konsumsi protein. Uji jarak Duncan terhadap rataan konsumsi protein starter menunjukkan bahwa GO tidak berbeda nyata dengan G10, G20, G30 dan G40, sedangkan terhadap G50 nyata (P0.05) lebih tinggi. Perlakuan GMO tidak berbeda nyata dengan GM10, GM20, GM30 dan GM40, sedangkan terhadap GM50, GMO nyata (P0.05) lebih tinggi. Selama periode finisher perlakuan GO tidak berbeda nyata dengan G10, G20, G30, G40 dan G50, demikian pula dengan perlakuan GMO tidak ber- beda nyata dengan GM10, GM20, Gm30, GM40 dan GM50….
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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