Judul: Estimation of Live Carcasses Quality in Mud Buffalo and River Buffalo by Ultrasonography
Abstrak: Ultrasonografi merupakan alat diagnostik non-invasif yang berpotensi dalam pemeriksaan karkas secara periodik, murah, mudah, dan akurat dalam memperlihatkan karakteristik karkas, kuantitas dan kualitas daging. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga kualitas karkas hidup pada kerbau lumpur dan kerbau sungai berdasarkan umur dan breed secara ultrasonografi. Pencitraan USG dilakukan secara longitudinal dan tranversal menggunakan transduser convex dengan frekuensi 5 MHz dan depth 180 mm. Penelitian menggunakan 10 ekor kerbau lumpur dan 10 ekor kerbau sungai yang dikelompokkan menjadi umur 1 –3 tahun(n = 5) dan 3 – 6 tahun (n = 5). Hasil citra ultrasonografi menunjukkan gambar anekoik pada otot dan hiperekoik pada lemak dan tulang. Analisis karkas menggunakan standar AUSMEAT dengan persamaan regresi y = 0.4546 + 0.1697 x dengan R2 sebesar 0.9833 untuk skor marbling dan persamaan regresi y = - 0.03003 + 0.4217 x dengan R2 sebesar 0.9933 untuk persentase lemak intramuskular menunjukkan bahwa kerbau lumpur dan kerbau sungai umur 3 – 6 tahun memiliki tebal otot Longissimus dorsi, tebal otot rump, tebal lemak punggung, tebal lemak rump, skor marbling dan persentase lemak intramuskular lebih tinggi dibandingkan umur 1 – 3 tahun (P < 0.05). Namun, analisis berdasarkan breed menunjukkan bahwa kerbau lumpur dan kerbau sungai memiliki kualitas karkas yang sama (P > 0.05)., Ultrasonography is a non-invasive diagnostic tool which potential for examining carcasses periodically, cheap, easy, and accurate to demonstrate carcass characteristics, quantity and quality of meat. This study aims to predict the quality of live carcass in swamp buffaloes and river buffaloes based on age and breed by ultrasonography. Ultrasound imaging was carried out with a longitudinal and transverse point of view using a convex transducer with a frequency of 5 MHz and a depth of 180 mm. There were 10 swamp buffaloes and 10 river buffaloes that were grouped into 1-3 years (n = 5) and 3-6 years (n = 5). The result of ultrasound images appears as anechoic images of muscle and hyperechoic images of fat and bone. Carcass analysis used AUSMEAT with the regression y = 0.4546 + 0.1697 x with R2 of 0.9833 for marbling score and the regression y = - 0.03003 + 0.4217 x with R2 of 0.9933 for percentage of intramuscular fat showed that swamp buffaloes and river buffaloes aged 3 – 6 years had the Longissimus dorsi muscle thickness, rump muscle thickness, backfat thickness, rump fat thickness, marbling score and percentage of intramuscular fat were higher than aged 1 - 3 years ( P < 0.05). However, analysis of ultrasound images based on breed showed that swamp buffaloes and river buffaloes had the same carcass quality (P > 0.05).
Keyword: River buffaloes, Swamp buffaloes, Ultrasonography

Judul: Tingkah Laku Kerbau Rawa yang Dipelihara Secara Feedlot yang Diberi Ransum Dengan Suplementasi Campuran Garam Karboksilat Kering (CGKK)
Abstrak: At present buffalo farming system is still traditional with a relatively low quality of feed. Improvement of the feed quality needs to be developed. The experiment was aimed to study the behaviour and physiological parameters of swamp buffalo as a response of different treatment of feed supplemention protected Lemuru fish oil in dried of carboxylate salts mixture (DCM) 0% and 4,5%. The animals used were six heads of male buffaloes. Observations were conducted in three times, in the morning (8:00 am - 10:00 am), around noon (12:00 am – 2:00 pm) and afternoon (3:00 pm - 5: 00 pm). The parameters included eating behaviour, agonistic, eliminative, grooming, and vocalization. Physiological parameters measured were pulse rate, respiration rate, and rectal temperature. Data analysis used were Man Whitney and Friedman test to analysis frequency different of while two treatment., where as the data of physiology were analysed by t test method. The results show that the eating, agonistic, and eliminative behaviour were dominantly presented in the morning and afternoon both in the two treatments. Grooming behaviour occurred during the day. The physiology of the buffalo bull were not different in both feed treatment. It is concluded that the feed treatments had no effect on the behaviour and phisiology of the swamp buffalo, therefore CGKK can be recommended as a good quality feed for local buffalo.
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Judul: Sintesis 1-(2-hidroksifenil)-3-fenilpropana-1,3-dion dari o-hidroksiasetofenon dan benzoil klorida
Abstrak: Flavonoid is the most abundant naturaly-occuring polyphenolic compound which has C6-C3-C6 carbon skeleton. Flavone is a group of flavonoid with wide bioactivity spectrum. It is widely distributed in higher plants. Its bioactivities include antioxidant, HIV-1 proteinase inhibitor, strong and selective apoptotic inducer in human colon cell, and ligand for BDZ-R receptor. One of the important and widely applicable flavones synthesis route is through 1-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-3- phenylpropane-1,3-dione (1,3-diketone) acid-catalyzed oxidative cyclization. In this study, 1,3-diketone has been successfully synthesized via four-step route. In the first step, phenol was acetylated with 74–95% yields. Subsequently, phenyl acetate was converted to o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 34% yield via AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker- Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in pyridine finally produced 1,3-diketone. The third and fourth steps yield were 27–44% and 82– 85%, respectively. All products in this study have been characterized spectroscopically. Melting point characterization were also conducted to the solid products.
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