Judul: Eksploitasi terhadap Anak yang Bekerja di Indonesia
Abstrak: Forcing children to enter the labour force not only violates the rights of children, but also brings adverse effects to them. The presence of working children can’t be eliminated. Government can reduce the number of working children and protect them from exploitation. This study investigated the determinants of working children, the severity of exploitation of working children, and factors determining exploitation of working children. This study used data resulted from National Labor Force Survey (Sakernas) 2011 and utilized logistic regression as the analytical tool. The result suggests that the most influential determinant of working children is child’s school participation. Children that do not attend school have of being a working children that is 10.370 times greater than that of children that do attend school. Based on the severity of exploitation, there are three provinces which are always of high value severity of exploitation, namely Jakarta, Banten and West Java. The most influential factor of exploitation measured by working hours and access to education is education level of household head. The lower the level of education of head of household, the greater chance the child to be exploited. As for the exploitation measured by wage, girls have a chance 2.357 times greater than that of boys to be exploited measured by wages.
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Judul: Dampak keterlibatan anak-anak dalam bekerja pada keluarga dan diri mereka : Studi perbandingan pada industri konveksi dan logam di Perkampungan Industri Kecil (PIK) Pulo Gadung, Kelurahan Penggilingan, Kecamatan Cakung, Jakarta Timur
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini : 1). Untuk mengetahui karak- teristik anak-anak yang terlibat dalam bekerja; 2). Untuk mengetahui keterlibatan anak-anak dalam bekerja dilihat dari jumlah jam kerja dan besar upah yang diterima; 3). Untuk mengetahui dampak yang ditimbulkan akibat keterli- batan anak-anak dalam bekerja dikaitkan dengan jenis industri dan status kerja. laporan Sebagian besar pekerja anak-anak berusia 11-14 tahun, berstatus kerja sebagai pemagang, putus sekolah sejak kelas 1-4 SD dengan alasan tidak ada biaya, keadaan ekono- mi rumahtangga orangtua tergolong miskin, tingkat pendi- dikan terakhir orangtua tidak tamat SD. Latar belakang kondisi ekonomi orangtua yang kurang mampu tersebut, yang menimbulkan motivasi mereka untuk bekerja. Pekerja anak-anak lebih tereksploitasi dibandingkan dengan pekerja dewasa. Hal ini terlihat dari upah rata- rata yang diterima pekerja anak-anak lebih rendah...
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Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography