Judul: Amobilisasi Sel Lactobacillus plantarum B134 dan β-Galaktosidase dengan Natrium Alginat dan Potensi Hidrolisisnya pada Susu UHT Skim dan Berlemak
Abstrak: Susu merupakan salah satu produk pangan yang memiliki nilai gizi yang baik. Sayangnya, konsumsi susu Indonesia hanya 11.09 per liter per kapita per tahun. Minimnya konsumsi susu dapat disebabkan karena intoleransi laktosa yaitu ketimakmampuan tubuh untuk mencerna laktosa karena tidak memiliki β-galaktosidase. Solusi alternatifnya adalah mengolah susu sampai kadar laktosanya menjadi rendah menggunakan β-galaktosidase dari mikroorganisme. L. plantarum B134 merupakan bakteri asam laktat dari Indonesia yang memiliki aktivitas β-galaktosidase yang tinggi. Penggunaan β-galaktosidase lebih efisien apabila dilakukan teknik penjebakan (amobilisasi) sehingga dapat digunakan berulang dan dapat menurunkan biaya produksi. Natrium alginat merupakan matriks penjebak yang murah dan aman untuk mengamobilisasi enzim dan sel. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghidrolisis laktosa susu UHT berlemak dan skim dengan menggunakan sel L. plantarum B134 amobil dan β-galaktosidase amobil. Tahapan penelitian ini meliputi (1) optimasi amobilisasi sel L.plantarum B134 dan β-galaktosidase dengan natrium alginat, (2) pengaruh pH dan suhu pada sel L.plantarum B134 dan β-galaktosidase amobil, (3) stabilitas pH dan suhu β-galaktosidase amobil, (4) hidrolisis laktosa pada susu UHT berlemak dan skim, (5) keterulangan pemakaian beads sel L. plantarum B134 amobil dan β-galaktosidase amobil, dan (6) penyimpanan β-galaktosidase amobil. Sel L. plantarum B134 amobil mencapai optimum pada 1% natrium alginat, 0.1 M CaCl2, dan 12% b/v sel. Aktivitas β-galaktosidase mencapai optimum pada pH 6.5 dan suhu 45ºC selama 5 menit. Efisiensi amobilisasi sel L. plantarum B134 amobil adalah 28.95%. Laktosa susu UHT berlemak terhidrolisis sebesar 85.45% selama 12 jam sedangkan pada susu UHT skim sebesar 91.26% selama 9 jam. Sel L. plantarum B134 amobil dapat digunakan untuk kedua tipe susu UHT sebanyak 4 kali. β-Galaktosidase amobil mencapai optimum pada 1% natrium alginat, 0.1 M CaCl2, dan 26 U β-galaktosidase. Aktivitas β-galaktosidase amobil mencapai optimum pada pH 5.5, suhu 35ᵒC selama 15 menit. Efisiensi amobilisasi β-galaktosidase amobil adalah 96.69%. Stabiltas pH tercapai pada pH 5 dan stabilitas suhu pada 30ºC. Nilai Km dan Vmaks β-galaktosidase masing-masing sebesar 30.487 mM dan 1.742 μmol/menit. β-Galaktosidase amobil mereduksi 80.55% laktosa UHT belemak selama 15 jam dan 93.06% laktosa UHT skim selama 6 jam. β-Galaktosidase amobil dapat digunakan 3 kali untuk hidrolisis laktosa susu UHT berlemak dan 6 kali untuk susu UHT skim. Setelah penyipanan 35 hari pada suhu 4ºC, β-galaktosidase masih memiliki aktivitas relatif β-galaktosidase sebesar 52.01%.
Keyword: amobil, β-galaktosidase, Lactobacillus plantarum B134, natrium alginat, UHT

Judul: Potensi Enzim -Galaktosidase dari Lactobacillus plantarum Strain B123 Indigenous untuk Hidrolisis Laktosa pada Susu UHT
Abstrak: Lactose concentration in milk is 4.6% (w/w) in average (Walstra 2006). The content of lactose with less than 1% (w/w) of final product is acceptable for people with lactose intolerance problem (Tuure and Corpela 2004). Enzymatic hydrolysis of lactose is one of the important biotechnological processes in the milk industry because of some beneficial effects including the elimination of lactose in milk for people with lactose intolerance, prevention of lactose crystallization and contribution to the product sweetness (Jurado et al, 2002). -Galactosidase enzyme can be produced by lactic acid bacteria. In this study, indigenous Lactobacillus plantarum strain B123 was isolated from Indonesian traditional fermented vegetable product. The use of this local potential strain was to increase its role to the added value products such as low lactose UHT milk. Even though low lactose UHT milk product has not been commercially marketed yet in Indonesia, however the need of low lactose milk for people with lactose intolerance was already present. This research was aimed to: (1) determine the growth condition of indigenous Lb. plantarum strain B123 to produce β-galactosidase (2) determine the production condition of -galactosidase from Lb. plantarum B123 strain with partial purification and (3) determine the potential of β-galactosidase from indigenous Lb. plantarum B123 strain to hydrolyze lactose of full cream and low fat-UHT milks, containing total fat 3.5 and 1.0% (w/v) respectively, in batch process. The result showed that the growth condition of indigenous Lb. plantarum B123 in MRSB to produce β-galactosidase were 2% inoculum, 1% of lactose, medium pH 8, and 24 h incubation time at 37°C. The enzyme showed an optimum activity to hydrolyzed oNPG substrate at pH 6.5 and temperature 50°C . Specific activity of -galactosidase has increased during the partial purification given 15.05 U/mg in crude enzyme to 109.58 U/mg in dialysed enzyme (at first production) and 87.09 U/mg in crude enzyme to 109.58 U/mg in dialysed enzyme (at second production). Lactose in full cream-UHT milk was hydrolyzed at a maximum rate of 60.0% (lactose concentration from 3.82% w/v to 1.52% w/v) and in low fat-UHT milk 81.1% (lactose concentration from 4.44% w/v to 0.84% w/v) by 7.2 U β-galactosidase/mL milk for 9 h at 50°C. Enzyme concentration, hydrolysis time and total fat concentration had a significant influence on the hydrolysis of lactose in UHT milk (p<0.05). According to the different analytical methods to monitor the lactose hydrolysis, a correlation between the results of glucose concentrations in full cream-UHT milk analyzed by GOD-POD kit and HPLC was observed. There was a positive correlation between analysis of glucose concentrations in full cream-UHT milk with GOD-POD kit and HPLC (r = 0.923).
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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