Judul: Design of Enzymatic Membrane REactor (EMR): Review on Current Trends
Abstrak: The application of Enzymatic Membrane Reactor (EMR) for continuous production in food technology is on high demand. There are two types of EMR design in food technology namely single (mono) phasic reactor and multiphasic (biphasic) reactor. EMR has shown the ability to improve the efficiency of enzymecatalyzed bioconversion, to increase product yields, and they can be easily scaled up for industrial purposes compare to conventional enzyme reactor. In food technology, continuous EMR is using mostly for enzymatic hydrolysis reaction to improve the value of the product such as nutritional and functional properties. In this review will be focusing on the design of enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) in food technology also the membrane characteristics, processing or reacting condition to produce product in single and multiphase system, its application and future trends. The research in review was conducted using electronic database like Google Scholar and ScienceDirect and there were 36 full-text articles evaluated.
Keyword: Enzymatic Membrane Reactor (EMR), enzymatic hydrolysis, membrane modules, multiphase reactor, single phasic reactor.

Judul: Continuous Production of Casein-based Bioactive Peptide  using Dual Enzymatic Proteolysis
Abstrak: Sodium Caseinate is a derivative form of Casein Protein that is commonly found in milk proteins and has the potential as a parent protein for producing bioactive peptides. The functionality of bioactive peptides can be increased by dual enzyme hydrolysis with alcalase and neutrase enzymes. Several parameters were considered in conducting continuous dual enzyme hydrolysis, namely; enzyme-to substrate concentration ratio (E/S), pH value, and residence time. This research aimed to produce bioactive peptides from sodium caseinate continuously using an enzymatic membrane reactor and study the optimum parameters that can enhance the functionalities of the hydrolysates. Permeate with an E/S of 7.5%, pH value of 7.0, and residence time = 9 h had the highest values for the antioxidant capacity of 19.65 ± 1.81 mgAEAC/mL for DPPH Method, 22.47 ± 6.50 mgAEAC/mL for FRAP method, and 91.39 ± 3.13% inhibition for ABTS method. The value of IC50 antioxidant with the DPPH method was 0,18 ± 0,03 g/mL obtained by filtering permeate with a PES (Polyethersulfone) membrane MWCO of 4 kDa. Keywords: Alcalase, bioactive peptides, casein, enzymatic membrane reactor, neutrase
Keyword: Protein, Enzymatic Membrane Reactor, Antioxidant, Casein, Hydrolysis, Bioactive Peptides

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan