Judul: Stabilitas Mikrokapsul Ketoprofen dengan Penyalut Kitosan-Alginat
Abstrak: Drug preparations for stability test has been done in previous research, with composition of chitosan 1.75% (w/v), alginate 0.625% (w/v), glutaraldehyde 4.5% (v/v), and ketoprofen 0.8% (w/v), added with Tween 80 of three levels (1, 2, 3 %). All mixtures were shook under three different times (1, 2, 3 hours). As a new drug preparation, the stability of ketoprofen microcapsule need to be studied. The purpose is to measure the resistance of the coat during storage and use. The stability was tested using accelerated method in climatic chamber under 40±2 °C and relative humidity of 75±5 % in 3 months. The parameter was measured every week included moisture content by using moisture analyzer and ketoprofen content using ultraviolet spectrophotometer at wavelength 254.7 nm. All nine formulas showed high (>10%) and fluctuating moisture content while ketoprofen content was decreasing following different reaction kinetics model for each formula, formula 1 and 2 followed second order, formula 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9 followed kinetics Avrami-Erofeev model, and formula 8 followed Prout-Tompkins kinetics model. Microcapsules of formula 8 added with Tween 80 3% and shook for 2 hours, was relatively the best, with ketoprofen content percentage still coated after 3 months, degradation rate constant, and shelf life of 91.47%, 0.0875 week-1, and 14.01 week, respectively. The degradation of ketoprofen presumably follow autocatalytic reaction mechanism controlled by formation and growth of reaction core.
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Judul: Perilaku Disolusi Mikrokapsul Ketoprofen Tersalut Gel Kitosan-Alginat Berdasarkan Ragam Konsentrasi Tween 80
Abstrak: Chitosan ability to form gel has been extensively studied and modified; natural hydrocoloid addition is just an example. Chitosan-alginate gel has a promising potential to be applied as a good coating material in drugs delivery system. In this study, chitosanalginate gel coated ketoprofen microcapsules were made using spray drying method. Tween 80 solution concentration used in the process was varied (1, 2, and 3% (v/v)). The resulting microcapsules particle sizes were ranging from 150 nm to 6 μm. The dissolution test results showed that the Tween 80 solution concentrations were affecting ketoprofen releasing rate for the microcapsule. Maximum ketoprofen release rates either in acidic or basic medium were observed at 2% Tween 80 concentration. The maximum released ketoprofen amounts in acidic and basic medium were 35.19 and 287.92 ppm, respectively. The releasing mechanism was determined by evaluating the releasing kinetic models. The ketoprofen releasing kinetic model, both in acidic and basic medium, was following the Hixson-Crowell kinetic model.
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Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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