Judul: Analisis Sebaran Genetik Hasil Persilangan Tanaman Karet RRIM 600 dan PN 1546 Menggunakan Teknik RAPD
Abstrak: The main problem in providing recommended rubber clones for rejuvenating process is breeding cycle length that took 25-30 years. Therefore, before rejuvenated an early detection and selection for superior clones is needed. RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) molecular marker is one of alternative method that can be used for the selection. This research focusing on genetic diversity observation of cross hybrid rubber plant between RRIM 600 and PN 1546. This research used 56 primers that consist of 16 combination primers (named with alphabet from letter A to letter P) and 40 RAPD primers (named OPH-OPJ (1-20)). Version 2.02 of NTSys program was used as tabulation method. DNA amplification of 16 combination primer produced 5 primary candidates for molecular marker, including primer C, primer D, primer N, primer M, and primer I. Each primer has their own specification. Primer D used for RRIM 600 only. Both primer C and M used for PN 1564 only. Primer N and I used for intermediate only. DNA amplification result of 40 RAPD primers has coefficient value range between 0.89 until 0.98. At 0.89 coefficient, 27 rubber plants separated in two major groups. Dendogram analysis also showed that the elders were distantly related.
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Judul: Analisis Keragaman Genetik Tanaman Karet Hasil Persilangan antara RRIM 600 dan PN 1546 dengan Menggunakan Teknik RAPD
Abstrak: Low productivity of rubber product had been the main problem in public rubber plantation in Indonesia. New assembly of excellent genotipe rubber plant requires 25-30 years. The more appropriate and accurate method is needed to early determine the new rubber plant clone. This research aimed to shows genetic variation of rubber plants-crossed product between RRIM 600 and PN 1546 with RAPD technique. Two DNA samples from rubber plants parent and 25 DNA samples from rubber plants-crossed products were isolated and amplified by using 16 mTcCIR combination primers and 60 RAPD combination primers. Amplification by using 16 mTcCIR combination primers produced a specific selected marker candidates, while amplification by using 60 RAPD primers produced polymorphism ribbon pattern in agarose gel. Phylogenetic tree was created based on the ribbon to identify the group and family distances of rubber plants-crossed product. Result showed that combination primer ‟d‟ and ‟i‟can be developed into specific marker candidates for RRIM 600. Phylogenetic tree showed that 25 rubber plants-crossed product have 10 high family groups with coeficient 89%. The family group showed that 25 rubber plant-crossed product had high diversity.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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