Judul: Kajian struktur anatomi beberapa jenis kayu anggota Apocynaceae
Abstrak: Dari sekitar 4.000 jenis pohon yang ada di hutan alam Indonesia diperkirakan hanya 400 jenis yang dianggap penting. Dari 400 jenis tersebut, 259 diantaranya sudah diketahui sifat dan kegunaannya serta telah diperdagangkan dan dikelompokan kedalam 120 jenis kayu perdagangan Indonesia. Sisanya, yaitu yang belum diketahui sifat-sifatnya, juga sudah diperdagangkan dengan harga yang lebih rendah meskipun kayu-kayu tersebut belum tentu memiliki nilai guna yang lebih rendah dari kayu-kayu yang sudah lebih dulu dikenal.
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Judul: Ciri Umum, Ciri Anatomi, dan Kualitas Serat Dua Belas Jenis Kayu Anggota Suku Annonaceae
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki sekitar 800 jenis kayu yang masuk ke dalam kelompok kayu sangat kurang dikenal (the least-known wood species). Beberapa marga anggota suku Annonaceae yang masuk ke dalam kelompok kayu sangat kurang dikenal, yaitu Annona (A. muricata dan A. palustris), Goniothalamus (G. giganteus dan Goniothalamus sp.), Saccopetalum (S. horsfieldii, S. kollsii, dan Saccopetalum sp.), Stelechocarpus (S. burahol dan Stelechocarpus sp.), dan Trivalvaria (Trivalvaria sp.), telah diteliti untuk mengetahui ciri umum dan ciri anatominya. Ciri umum yang diamati berupa warna, corak, tekstur, arah serat, kilap, kesan raba, dan kekerasan. Ciri anatomi yang diamati berdasarkan daftar ciri mikroskopis IAWA untuk identifikasi kayu daun lebar. Hasil pengamatan ciri umum kayu adalah berwarna putih sampai putih keabuan; bercorak polos hingga samar; bertekstur agak kasar sampai kasar; arah serat lurus; kilap kayu bervariasi dari yang tidak mengkilap, agak mengkilap, hingga mengkilap; kesan raba agak licin sampai licin; serta kekerasan kayu dari lunak, agak lunak, agak keras, hingga keras. Hasil pengamatan ciri anatomi kayu adalah pengelompokan pembuluh bertipe ganda radial 2-4; perforasi bertipe sederhana; susunan ceruk antar pembuluh selang-seling; susunan pembuluh bertipe baur; sebaran pembuluh bertipe radial; tilosis tidak dijumpai; dan serat dijumpai tanpa sekat. Kayu Annona, Goniothalamus, Stelechocarpus, dan Trivalvaria memiliki kualitas serat kelas II.
Keyword: anatomi kayu, Annonaceae, kayu sangat kurang dikenal

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable