Judul: Sumbu Penglihatan (Visual Axis) Ikan Hasil Tangkapan Bagan Apung di Palabuhanratu
Abstrak: Kebiasaan ikan dalam mencari makanan atau objek lain dapat diidentifikasi dari sumbu penglihatannya (visual axis) karena sumbu tersebut menentukan posisi vertikal-horizontal ikan yang berkaitan dengan posisi sumber cahaya atau objek. Penelitian ini menentukan arah sumbu penglihatan tiga jenis ikan laut yaitu tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis), tembang (Sardinella fimbriata), dan pepetek (Leiognathus sp.) yang ditangkap oleh bagan apung di Palabuhanratu melalui perhitungan kepadatan sel kerucut pada retinanya menggunakan teknik histologi. Sumber cahaya yang digunakan bagan terdiri dari 7 buah compact fluorescent lamp (CFL) berdaya 100 watt. Daerah sebaran sel kerucut ketiga jenis ikan menunjukan tongkol komo (Euthynnus affinis) dan pepetek (Leiognathus sp.) memiliki arah sumbu penglihatan ke atas-depan dengan hasil analisis histologi membuktikan arah sumbu penglihatan ketiga jenis ikan ini ke atas dengan kepadatan sel kerucut tertinggi pada bagian ventro-temporal, tembang (Sardinella fimbriata) memiliki arah sumbu penglihatan ke atas dengan kepadatan sel kerucut tertinggi pada bagian ventral. Konsekuensi arah sumbu penglihatan dan posisi (contoh: swimming layer) pada setiap jenis ikan dibahas.
Keyword: arah, ikan, sel kerucut, sumbu penglihatan

Judul: Ketajaman penglihatan ikan layur, Trichiurus spp hasil tangkapan pancing rawai di teluk Palabuhanratu, Sukabumi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Mata pada ikan merupakan salah satu indra yang sangat penting untung mencari makan dan menghindar dari pemangsa / predator atau dari kepungan alat tangkap. Pengkajian mengenai mata ikan akan memberikan informasi penting tentang bagaimana caranya agar ikan bisa ditangkap atau sebaliknya tidak bisa ditangkap karena belum memenuhi kriteria layak tangkap. Ketajaman penglihatan ikan adalah kemampuan ikan untuk melihat suatu objek pada garis lurus yang digambarkan dalam bentuk hubungan timbal balik yang diistilahkan dengan sudut pembeda terkecil (Minimum Separable Angle). Selanjutnya dengan ketajaman penglihatan dapat pula diketahui sudut tampak minimum (minimum visible angle) yang dapat diukur dengan cara memperhitungkan jarak dari sasaran penglihatan menggunakan metode tingkah laku ikan. (He, 1989 diacu oleh Geonita, 2004).
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Judul: Efforts to Control and Prevent Pathogenic Infection of Multi-Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clone Using Alcohol-Base Hand Rub.
Abstrak: The pandemic that is occurring caused both by COVID-19 (currently occurring) as well as the clone of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the previous period has really threatened human life. This condition requires materials that can break the chain of transmission from human to human and from the environment to human. An alcohol-based antiseptic (hand rub/hand sanitizer) often contains ethanol, isopropanol or n-propanol, or a combination of two of these types. Alcohol has an excellent germicidal activity in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative vegetative bacteria (including multidrug-resistant pathogens such as MRSA and VRE) as well as viruses. Hand rub/hand sanitizer products are declared good if they have formulation stability, no irritation effect when they are used and are able to kill pathogens more than 90%. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of alcohol-based hand rub with WHO-based-standard formulation based on the stability of the formulation, the risk of irritation and the ability to kill bacteria. Hand rub/hand sanitizer was made by modifying the levels of the WHO formula with a hygiene procedure for 500 ml/bottle with the composition: Ethanol 96%; H2O2 3%; Glycerol 98%; and Aqua Sterile ad 500ml. Assessment on the presence of rancidity, clarity, discoloration, final alcohol content and skin irritation risk was done to know the quality of product formulation. A bacterial Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used to assess the percentage of bacterial killing power. The selected bacteria were bacteria commonly found in the hospital environment. The results of formulation stability from four variants of level modification showed that MD.4 has good stability compared to other formulation modifications. The results of the percentage kill test against MRSA showed that the percentage kill is 99.90% at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The selected manufacturer's product also showed the same percentage kill value at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The results of percentage kill test showed that the effective value for each contact time is ≥ 90%. The SEM observations showed that MD.4 hand rub effect in the form of MRSA cell lysis. The LC50 test, it is known that MD.4 hand rub value is 620 ppm while softaman (control) is 114 ppm. In terms of irritation risk, twenty-three selected subjects were generally well tolerated in use.
Keyword: hand rub, hand sanitizer, ahmad Subhan, percentage kill bacteria, MRSA, WHO