Judul: Morphometric Relationship of FH Dairy Cow Body Digital Image with Milk Production in Cijeruk District Bogor
Abstrak: Produktivitas susu sapi perah disebabkan oleh beberapa faktor. Ukuran linear tubuh sapi perah menjadi salah satu faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas susu. Tujuan penelitian adalah menganalisis hubungan morfometrik tubuh sapi perah Friesian Holstein secara citra digital dengan produksi susu di peternakan rakyat sapi perah Desa Tajurhalang, Kecamatan Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Bagian tubuh yang diukur adalah panjang badan, tinggi pinggul, dalam dada, dan lingkar dada. Pengukuran morfometrik dilakukan dengan mengambil foto tubuh sapi FH menggunakan kamera DSLR kemudian diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak ImageJ. Data diolah menggunakan perangkat lunak Minitab 18 dengan mencari persamaan regresi dan koefisien korelasi terhadap produksi susu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan koefisien determinasi terkoreksi antara panjang badan, tinggi pinggul, dalam dada, dan lingkar dada dengan produksi susu rendah. Dalam dada dan lingkar dada memiliki hubungan yang rendah namun dapat berpengaruh terhadap produksi susu. Penelitian ini sangat efisien untuk mengukur tubuh sapi dalam jumlah yang banyak., Dairy cow milk productivity is caused by several factors. The linear size of the body of dairy cow is one of the factors that affect milk productivity. This research aims to analyze the morphometric relationship between the body of Friesian Holstein cow using digital images and milk production in the dairy farm Tajurhalang Village, Cijeruk District, Bogor Regency, West Java. The body part measured were body length, hip height, chest depth, and chest circumference. The morphometric measurements were carried out by taking a photo of the FH cow body using a DSLR camera and then processing with ImageJ software. The data was processed using Minitab 18 software by looking for the regression equation and the correlation coefficient on milk production. The results showed that the adjusted Rsquared between body length, hip height, chest depth, and chest circumference with milk production is low. Chest depth and chest circumference has a low relationship but can affect milk production. This research very efficient to measure the body of cows in large number.
Keyword: digital image, Friesian Holstein cow, morphometrics

Judul: Morfometrik Sapi Friesien dan Holstein Terhadap Produksi Susu Periode Laktasi Berbeda Menggunakan Citra Digital
Abstrak: Morphometrics is a quantitative analysis of the body which includes shape and size which is used to describe the characteristics of cattle. Morphometric measurements can increase milk production in dairy cows. However, manual morphometric measurements pose several problems, including causing livestock to become more easily stressed, measurements become less accurate because livestock move too much and can even pose a risk of livestock aggressiveness which causes researchers to be injured by livestock attacks. Based on these constraints, it is necessary to develop morphometric measurements, especially chest circumference and body length of dairy cows, to be used to calculate body weight more easily and reduce this risk. The solution for easier and more effective morphometric measurements is digital image processing from photos of dairy cows taken from a smartphone camera with the help of Image J and then processing the digital image using edge detection to determine the morphometric size of dairy cows. This study aims to analyze the morphometrics of Friesian and Holstein cows regarding milk production in different lactation periods using digital images. Morphometric parameters in this study included body length, height, chest width and weight. Other parameters are milk production and Body Condition Score (BCS). This research method uses descriptive statistics, comparative test analysis, pearson correlation analysis, multiple linear regression, and Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results of the research showed that body length, height, chest circumference and weight of Holstein cattle were superior to Friesian cattle at the three locations of Pondok Rangon, Lembang and Kunak. The chest width of Holstein cattle is wider than that of Friesian cattle. Body Condition Score (BCS) for Friesian and Holstein cattle is in the BCS 4 range, which shows that Friesian and Holstein cattle have ideal body condition. Milk production in Friesian cows tends to be stable during the period from lactation 1 to lactation 3. Cows that have a longer body, height, and weight and chest width have a tendency to produce optimal milk. Body length, height, chest width and weight influence the production of Friesian and Holstein cattle. Chest width and cow weight can influence milk production in Friesian and Holstein cows, forming one of the main factors. Another second factor is height, body length and lactation period.
Keyword: morfometrik

Judul: Sintesis Zeolit dan Nanokomposit Zeolit/TiO2 dari Abu Layang dan Waterglass serta Uji Adsorpsi dan Fotodegradasinya
Abstrak: Coal fly ash contains 20.74% Si and 4.09% Al, rendering its possibility to be synthesized to zeolite. Zeolite was synthesized by smelting at 550 °C, and continued with hydrothermal method at 90 °C for 6 hours. The weighed fly ash was melted with solid NaOH and various amounts of waterglass at 550 °C for 1 hour, which were coded ZK1 for 1.0 g of waterglass added, ZK2 (1.5 g), ZK3 (2.5 g), ZK4 (5.0 g), and ZK5 (7.5 g). The results indicated that the zeolite has the character as type P1. ZK1 zeolite had the highest crystallinity (65%), therefore it was used further to synthesize zeolit/TiO2 nanocomposite. The nanocomposite was formed to improve the zeolite characters, especially adsorption-photodegradation capacity. The synthesized zeolite and the nanocomposite were tested for their adsorption capacities. The results showed that the ZK1 has the highest adsorption capacity, i.e. 147 mg/g. Optimization was performed on ZK1 and zeolit/TiO2 nanocomposite to compare their adsorption capacity and to determine their optimum conditions for adsorption. The optimum concentration of adsorbate that can be adsorbed by ZK1 was obtained at 400 ppm using 0.02 g adsorbent, with the adsorption time of 3 hours. Zeolite/TiO2 nanocomposite has optimum concentration of 250 ppm with the weight of adsorbent of 0.01 g, and the adsorption time of 1 hour. The nanocomposite zeolite was able degrade methylene blue under ultraviolet radiation for 6 hours at λ=365 nm.
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