Judul: Pengaruh Perbedaan Nilai C/N Dan Laju Aerasi Pada Proses Co-Composting Bagasse Dengan Blotong Pada Limbah Industri Gula
Abstrak: The sugarcane industry in Indonesia produce the waste from bagasse and filter cake that until recently is still not optimum in processing. One of alternatives handling is co-composting bagasse and filter cake that will produce compost and can reduce the amount of sugarcane industry wastes. This research aims to utilize bagasse and filter cake of sugarcane industrial waste for composting and aeration as well as differing effect of giving the C/N of the process. Composting methods used were aerated static pile technique and uses two factors of aeration and C/N ratio. Aeration was provided via active aeration (0,4 L/Kg of material and 1,2 L/kg material) and passive aeration with C/N respectively 30, 40, and 50. The composting process was running for a month with active aeration at first week. Analysis results show that aeration technique proved didn’t have significant effect in changing C/N value. After analysis, result shows that the most decrease C/N value is compost with starting condition 50 of C/N value. Generally, aeration factor are not related yet and do not have any significant interaction to co-composting C/N value.
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Judul: Co-composting bagasse with sludge sugar industry waste using aeration techniques and its effect in value of c/n
Abstrak: Bagasse is the solid waste sugar industry and relatively abundant (30-40%). Sugarcane planted area in Indonesia reaches 395,399.44 hectare and potentially to achieve national bagasse 39,539,944 tons per year. As well as produced sludge each day around 10-50 %. Sludge has quite high carbon content and nitrogen, thus potentially to be composting. Co-composting is one of the alternative solutions in the utilization of industrial solid waste of sugar. One of them is the bagasse and sludge with complementary characteristics, thus simplifying the process of composting. Composting methods and that techniques applied are aerated static pile system and using two factorial of aeration and formulation. Aeration factor conducted by active and passive aeration, while the formulation conducted by a factor of 0%, 25%, and 50% sludge. Composting process carried out during the sixty days with active aeration at first week. Analysis results showed that aeration technique proved didn’t have significant effect in changing C/N value. After analysis of variance and advanced test showed that the formulation of three different stages proved significantly different of C/N and significant at 50% sludge. Generally, aeration factor and formulation are not related yet and do not have any significant interaction to co-composting C/N value. There is need for advanced research until the value of C/N can achieve the appropriate standard of quality compost.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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