Judul: Implementasi Audio Watermarking Menggunakan Metode DWT-SVD dengan Teks sebagai Watermark
Abstrak: The growth of data and network communication technologies has made digital data, such as audio, easier to be distributed illegally. Therefore, copyright protection becomes an important issue. Digital audio watermarking has been proposed as one of the possible solutions. It is a process of information insertion and extraction to and from an audio file without influencing the audio quality. Digital audio watermarking has been developed in several domains, such as time domain, frequency domain, and spatial domain. In this research, the audio watermarking has been implemented using DWT-SVD method that combines the frequency and spatial domain. This method works by combining the virtue of mathematical transform: the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and singular value decomposition (SVD). Perceptibility and robustness of this method were analyzed using variance of watermark intensity and several attacks. It was found that the watermarked audio has good perceptibility at low watermark intensity of 0.1 to 0.3. Furthermore, the watermarked audio was found to be robust to some attacks namely amplify, invert, low pass filtering, high pass filtering, and resampling attacks at higher watermark intensity. Thus, this research proved the trade-off between perceptibility and robustness in digital audio watermarking.
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Judul: Digital Audio Watermarking Implementasion using Mixed Region of Interest Audio and Binary Image as Watermark.
Abstrak: The growth of networking technology and the growth of digital multimedia have made copyright protection as an important issue. Digital audio watermarking is proposed to overcome this issue. The use of mixed ROI audio and binary image as watermark is a method for copyright protection and tampering localization. ROI audio is generated from host audio in certain length and binary image is encrypted using chaos logistic map. Both ROI audio and encrypted binary image are mixed to be hidden in host audio. Before they are hidden, the host audio has to be decomposed in several levels using LWT. The value of mixed ROI audio and encrypted binary image will replace the value which is generated by LWT to reconstruct the watermarked audio. The watermarks can be extracted from watermarked audio using independent component analysis and some inversed steps. The watermarked audio which is tampered can be localized after some stages of watermark extraction. The quality of watermarked audio is measured using signal to noise ratio (SNR) and the values of SNR from some experiments are above 20 dB. It means that the quality of watermarked audio is good. The quality of extracted binary image is measured using peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR) and the result shows that there is not any difference between the original binary image and the extracted binary image. Signal processings on watermarked audio is implemented to analyze how robust this method is. They are resampling, requantizing, low-pass filter, and white noising. The experiments show good results. Keywords: audio watermarking, tampering localization, independent component analysis (ICA), lifting wavelet transform (LWT), region of interest (ROI), signal to noise ratio (SNR), peak signal to noise ratio (PSNR)
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Judul: Distribution and Diversity of Ectoparasite Mites on Geckos in Indonesia
Abstrak: Data on the diversity and dispersal of parasitic mites on house geckos in Indonesia are very scarce. In this work, the distribution and diversity of mites living on three species of house geckos, namely Cosymbotus platyurus, Hemidactylus frenatus, and H. garnotii collected throughout Indonesia, has been elaborated. Geckos and mites were captured and immediately preserved in 70% ethanol. Whole mount of the mites was prepared by clearing in lactophenol followed by mounting on polyvinyl lactophenol solutions. The SEM preparation was conducted to examine the detail morphological characters of the mites. The results showed that among 448 individuals of geckos, 221 geckos were infected by Geckobia mites. Prevalences of C. platyurus, H. frenatus, and H. garnotii infested by mites were 14.8%, 50.69%, and 79.6%, respectively. Three different spesies of Geckobia (G1, G2, and G3) could be differentiated; and based on similarities of their morphological characters to ones described in published literatures, Geckobia G2 is Geckobia glebosum and Geckobia G3 is Geckobia bataviensis while G1 could not be identified to the species level. The highest mean intensity of Geckobia G1 infestation was found on H. garnotii (I=7.0), G. glebosum infestation on H. frenatus (I=3.5), and G. bataviensis infestation on H. garnotii (I=11.8). In general, C. platyurus was infested by the least number of mites. Geckobia G1 were found living on the skin folds on the claws, G. glebosum were found mainly on the body and thigh, and G. bataviensis were found on almost all parts of the host’s body. Geckobia mites are distributed randomly throughout Indonesian Archipelago, following the pattern of distribution of their hosts. So it is concluded that Geckobia G1, G. glebosum, and G. bataviensis are sympatric.
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