Judul: Comparison of Binary Option Prices on Nickel Futures Contracts using Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo Methods
Abstrak: Investasi dalam komoditas seperti nikel memiliki potensi ekonomi yang signifikan, terutama mengingat peran vital nikel dalam industri baja tahan karat dan baterai lithium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan harga opsi biner pada kontrak berjangka nikel menggunakan metode Monte Carlo dan Kuasi Monte Carlo. Metode Monte Carlo dan Kuasi Monte Carlo dengan barisan kuasi acak Van der Corput dan Sobol digunakan untuk menghitung harga opsi biner asset-or-nothing. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa metode Kuasi Monte Carlo memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat dengan galat relatif yang lebih kecil dibandingkan metode Monte Carlo, terutama pada barisan kuasi acak Sobol. Dengan semakin banyaknya simulasi, kedua metode semakin mendekati nilai analitik, namun Kuasi Monte Carlo menunjukkan konvergensi yang lebih cepat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa metode Kuasi Monte Carlo lebih efektif dalam menghitung harga opsi biner, yang dapat mengurangi waktu komputasi dan meningkatkan akurasi prediksi harga., Investment in commodities such as nickel has significant economic potential, particularly due to nickel's vital role in the stainless steel and lithium battery industries. This study aims to compare binary option pricing on nickel futures contracts using Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo methods. Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo methods with Van der Corput and Sobol quasi-random sequences were used to calculate the asset-or-nothing binary option prices. The simulation results show that the Quasi Monte Carlo method provides more accurate results with smaller relative errors compared to the Monte Carlo method, especially with the Sobol quasi-random sequence. As the number of simulations increases, both methods approach the analytical values, but Quasi Monte Carlo shows faster convergence. These findings indicate that the Quasi Monte Carlo method is more effective in pricing binary options, which can reduce computation time and improve price prediction accuracy.
Keyword: Monte Carlo, binary option pricing, futures contracts, nickel commodity, Quasi-Monte Carlo, harga opsi biner, komoditas nikel, kontrak berjangka, Kuasi Monte Carlo

Judul: Comparison of Binary Option Prices on Nickel Futures Contracts using Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo Methods
Abstrak: Investasi dalam komoditas seperti nikel memiliki potensi ekonomi yang signifikan, terutama mengingat peran vital nikel dalam industri baja tahan karat dan baterai lithium. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan harga opsi biner pada kontrak berjangka nikel menggunakan metode Monte Carlo dan Kuasi Monte Carlo. Metode Monte Carlo dan Kuasi Monte Carlo dengan barisan kuasi acak Van der Corput dan Sobol digunakan untuk menghitung harga opsi biner asset-or-nothing. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa metode Kuasi Monte Carlo memberikan hasil yang lebih akurat dengan galat relatif yang lebih kecil dibandingkan metode Monte Carlo, terutama pada barisan kuasi acak Sobol. Dengan semakin banyaknya simulasi, kedua metode semakin mendekati nilai analitik, namun Kuasi Monte Carlo menunjukkan konvergensi yang lebih cepat. Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa metode Kuasi Monte Carlo lebih efektif dalam menghitung harga opsi biner, yang dapat mengurangi waktu komputasi dan meningkatkan akurasi prediksi harga., Investment in commodities such as nickel has significant economic potential, particularly due to nickel's vital role in the stainless steel and lithium battery industries. This study aims to compare binary option pricing on nickel futures contracts using Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo methods. Monte Carlo and Quasi Monte Carlo methods with Van der Corput and Sobol quasi-random sequences were used to calculate the asset-or-nothing binary option prices. The simulation results show that the Quasi Monte Carlo method provides more accurate results with smaller relative errors compared to the Monte Carlo method, especially with the Sobol quasi-random sequence. As the number of simulations increases, both methods approach the analytical values, but Quasi Monte Carlo shows faster convergence. These findings indicate that the Quasi Monte Carlo method is more effective in pricing binary options, which can reduce computation time and improve price prediction accuracy.
Keyword: Monte Carlo, binary option pricing, futures contracts, nickel commodity, Quasi-Monte Carlo, harga opsi biner, komoditas nikel, kontrak berjangka, Kuasi Monte Carlo

Judul: Isolation and Characterization of Protease Keratinolytic Enzyme in Water Monitor Lizard Intestine.
Abstrak: Protease enzyme isolated from mucosa layer in intestine water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator) showed proteolytic activity. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to isolate and characterize of protease produced by water monitor lizard intestine. The intestine mucous layer of water monitor lizard (2%) was dissolved in 50mM buffer phosphate pH 7,0, then centrifuged at 6000 G in 4 ºC temperature for 10 minute. The centrifuged extract was used to analyze the maximum enzyme activity by heating the extract at 45–65 ºC range temperature and 5–20 minute range time. Maximum enzyme activity analysis obtained at 55 ºC for 5 minute for the sample duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon respectively were 4, 3482 U/ml, 3,9247 U/ml, 3,9176 U/ml, and 3,0353 U/ml. Protease from extract enzyme has seven bands with molecular weight 66,54 kDa, 57,61 kDa, 48,94 kDa, 48,47 kDa, 36,80 kDa, 24,28 kDa, and 12,80 kDa. The enzyme has optimum temperature at 55 ºC and optimum at pH 9, and also inhibited by ion Ca2+ and Mg2+ . The in vitro analysis used chicken powder showed no keratinase activity.
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