Judul: Development and Mating Behaviour of Yellow Rice Stem Borer, Scirpophaga incertulas Walker, on Three Varieties of Rice.
Abstrak: Scirpophaga incertulas merupakan salah satu serangga penting pada tanaman padi di Indonesia dan dapat menginfestasi tanaman dari stadia vegetatif sampai generatif. Beberapa varietas padi yang dikenal di Indonesia diantaranya adalah varietas Pelita, IR42 dan Cisadane. Padi varietas IR42 dan Cisadane memiliki gen yang tahan terhadap wereng batang coklat namun ketiga varietas belum ada yang tahan terhadap penggerek batang padi kuning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari perkembangan larva menjadi imago S. incertulas pada padi varietas IR42, Pelita dan Cisadane dan mengamati perilaku kawin serangga tersebut. Ketiga varietas padi ditanam secara bergilir dengan interval 2 minggu selama 45 hari. Inokulasi larva penggerek instar 1 dilakukan pada umur padi 45 hari dan dipelihara di rumah kaca sampai imago keluar. Sepasang imago S. incertulas dimasukkan ke dalam gelas plastik untuk diamati. Perilaku kawin S. incertulas direkam di ruang gelap menggunakan handicam infra merah. Imago S. incertulas mulai keluar pada hari ke-36 setelah inokulasi larva. Imago jantan keluar 1-4 hari lebih cepat daripada imago betina dengan rentang hari keluar adalah 15-21 hari. Jumlah imago S. incertulas keluar paling rendah pada padi varietas Cisadane, sedangkan pada varietas IR42 dan Pelita hampir sama. Tahaptahap perilaku kawin S. incertulas antara lain betina calling, aktivitas jantan sebelum kawin (kopulasi) dan kopulasi. Serangga jantan merespon serangga betina yang sedang calling dengan mendekati serangga betina untuk kopulasi. Kopulasi diamati selama 1 jam antara pukul 03:00- 04:00. Informasi tentang perilaku kawin S. incertulas dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai biokontrol serangga ini dengan metode penghambatan kawin menggunakan feromon sintetik.
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Judul: Dinamika Populasi Parasitoid Telur Penggerek Batang Padi Kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) pada Pertanaman Padi di Kabupaten Klaten
Abstrak: Yellow Rice Stem Borers (Scirpophaga incertulas) is an important pest of rice in Indonesia. Currently, most farmers depend on use of insecticides to control the pest and mostly by propalactic and indiscriminate ways. The practices can disrupt the environment and the activities of natural enemies. This study is to observe the dynamic off egg parasitoid of Yellow Rice stem Borers in three subdistrict (Juwiring, Cawas, and Trucuk) in Klaten, Central Java. Egg clusters were collected and reared to note parasitization every other weeks. This study during Februari-October 2012. The most dominant of egg parasitoid at Juwiring, Cawas, and Trucuk was Tetrastichus schoenobii with percentage 67%, 96%, and 43%. Egg parasitoids were found at Juwiring T. schoenobii, Telenomus rowani, Trichogramma japonicum and Telenomus sp., a hyperparasitoid also discovered at Juwiring is Trichomalopsis sp., at Cawas T. schoenobii and T. rowani were found, and at Trucuk T. schoenobii, T. rowani, and T. japonicum were found. Parasite of egg clusters at rice crops on 0-4 weeks after transplanting was T. schoenobii, and parasite of egg clusters at rice crops on 6 and 8 weeks after transplanting was T. rowani.
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Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Zeolit untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a fuel cell that utilize methanol as the fuel source. The electrolyte membrane used in the DMFC system in this research was chitosan-zeolite composite membrane. The composite membrane was synthesized with chitosan-zeolite composition variation of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:1. The membranes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope, and for the specific gravity. Membrane performances were tested with methanol uptake, methanol permeability, conductivity, and potential difference in the DMFC system. The FTIR spectrum showed no formation of new functional groups inducating that the composite membrane was a result of physical mixing. Morphological analysis showed that the membrane was nonporous. Chitosan-zeolite 1:3 composite membrane had the highest specific gravity and methanol uptake, 1.4226 g/mL and 41.44%, respectively. The highest proton conductivity was showed by the 1:2 chitosanzeolite composite membrane, namely 7.2946× 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-zeolite composite membrane can be applied in DMFC system.
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