Judul: The Influence of Family Welfare, the Quality of Home Environment, and the Quality of Preschool Education on Children’s Cognitive Development
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis: (1) perbedaan antara kesejahteraan keluarga, kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan, kualitas pendidikan prasekolah, dan perkembangan kognitif anak yang mengikuti pendidikan prasekolah formal dan nonformal, (2) pengaruh karakteristik keluarga terhadap kesejahteraan keluarga, (3) pengaruh karakteristik anak, karakteristik keluarga, dan kesejahteraan keluarga terhadap kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan, dan (4) pengaruh karakteristik anak, karakteristik keluarga, kualitas lingkungan pengasuhan, dan kualitas pendidikan prasekolah terhadap perkembangan kognitif anak., This study aimed to analyze: (1) the difference between family welfare, quality of home environment, quality of preschool education, and cognitive development of children who are attending formal and nonformal preschool education, (2) the influence of family characteristics on family welfare, (3) the influence of child characteristics, family characteristics, and family welfare on quality of home environment, and (4) the influence of child characteristic, family characteristics, quality of home environment, and quality of preschool education on child's cognitive development.
Keyword: cognitive development, family welfare, home environment, preschool education

Judul: Pengaruh Kelekatan Pengasuh-Anak dan Keterlibatan Orang Tua terhadap Perkembangan Kognitif Anak Usia Prasekolah di Daycare
Abstrak: Perkembangan kognitif anak ditentukan oleh lingkungan di sekitarnya. Sekarang ini, tingginya partisipasi ibu bekerja mengakibatkan perubahan dalam tipe keluarga menjadi keluarga dengan suami-istri bekerja. Keluarga dengan suami-istri bekerja akan mencari pengasuh pengganti sehingga mencari alternatif bagi pengasuhan anak, salah satunya dengan menitipkan anaknya di TPA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik anak, karakteristik keluarga, kelekatan pengasuh-anak dan keterlibatan orang tua terhadap perkembangan kognitif anak usia prasekolah di TPA. Desain penelitian ini adalah cross sectional study dengan pemilihan lokasi dan contoh penelitian secara purposif. Partisipan dalam penelitian ini terdiri atas 39 anak usia prasekolah di TPA terpilih, 16 pengasuh, 39 ayah, dan 39 ibu. Hasil penelitian menemukan terdapat hubungan negatif signifikan antara usia anak dan besar keluarga dengan kelekatan pengasuh-anak, usia ayah dan usia ibu dengan perkembangan kognitif, lama waktu bekerja ayah dengan keterlibatan ayah. Penelitian juga menemukan hubungan positif signifikan antara penghasilan ibu dengan keterlibatan ayah, kelekatan pengasuh-anak dan keterlibatan ibu dengan perkembangan kognitif, keterlibatan ayah dengan keterlibatan ibu. Uji regresi menemukan bahwa perkembangan kognitif anak yang dititipkan orang tuanya di TPA dipengaruhi oleh pendidikan ayah, pendidikan ibu, kelekatan pengasuh-anak, dan keterlibatan ibu.
Keyword: anak usia prasekolah, kelekatan pengasuh-anak, keterlibatan orang tua, perkembangan kognitif, TPA

Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable