Judul: Pemanfaatan Metabolit Fungi Mycelium sterilium KT31 melalui Pakan untuk Pencegahan Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Lele Dumbo Clarias gariepinus.
Abstrak: Budidaya sistem intensif untuk meningkatkan produksi memiliki risiko, antara lain ikan mudah terinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Salah satu upaya untuk mencegah penyakit motile aeromonad septicaemia (MAS) pada ikan lele yaitu dengan pemberian metabolit Mycelium sterilium KT31. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan dosis metabolit M. sterilium KT31 yang diberikan melalui pakan dalam pencegahan infeksi A. hydrophila pada ikan lele. Ukuran ikan lele yang digunakan yaitu 6.69±0.10 g. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat perlakuan dengan tiga ulangan meliputi K+ (tanpa M. sterilium KT31 dan diuji tantang A. hydrophila), K- (tanpa M. sterilium KT31 dan disuntik PBS), 20 (M. sterilium KT31 20 mL kg-1 dan diuji tantang A. hydrophila), 40 (M. sterilium KT31 40 mL kg-1 dan diuji tantang A. hydrophila). Perlakuan dilakukan selama sepuluh hari, selanjutnya ikan lele diuji tantang dengan A. hydrophila 106 CFU mL-1 sebanyak 0.1 mL ekor-1. Metabolit M. sterilium KT31 dosis 40 mL kg-1 yang ditambahkan melalui pakan mampu mencegah infeksi A. hydrophila dengan nilai gambaran darah yang lebih baik, sehingga menghasilkan kelangsungan hidup dan laju pertumbuhan ikan lele yang terbaik.
Keyword: fungi, ikan lele, imunostimulan, Mycelium sterilium KT31

Judul: Pemanfaatan Metabolit Kapang Mycelium sterilium KT31 untuk Pengobatan Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila pada Ikan Lele Dumbo Clarias gariepinus melalui Pakan.
Abstrak: Salah satu kendala dalam target pencapaian produksi ikan lele adalah adanya infeksi bakterial yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Upaya alternatif untuk pengendalian penyakit Motile Aeromonad Septicemia (MAS) yaitu dengan penggunaan bahan alami yang berasal dari metabolit kapang laut. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk menentukan dosis metabolit kapang Mycelium sterilium KT31 dalam pakan untuk pengobatan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri A. hydrophila pada ikan lele. Penelitian ini terdiri dari empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yang meliputi perlakuan K+ (tanpa metabolit kapang setelah diuji tantang A. hydrophila), K- (tanpa metabolit kapang setelah disuntik phosphate buffer saline), 20 (dosis metabolit kapang 20 mL/kg pakan setelah diuji tantang A. hydrophila), 40 (dosis metabolit kapang 40 mL/kg pakan setelah diuji tantang A. hydrophila). Pakan perlakuan dibuat dengan metode repelleting dan diberikan secara restricted sebanyak tiga kali sehari. Uji tantang dilakukan pada hari ke-11 pemeliharaan dengan kepadatan bakteri A. hydrophila 106 CFU/mL sebanyak 0.1 mL per ekor. Pakan perlakuan diberikan setelah uji tantang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pakan yang mengandung metabolit kapang Mycelium sterilium KT31 dengan dosis 40 mL/kg pakan mampu mengobati ikan lele yang terinfeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila dengan nilai kelangsungan hidup sebesar 76.67% dan nilai gambaran darah yang lebih baik.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Clarias gariepinus, metabolit kapang

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite