Judul: Pengukuran Hambur Balik Akustik Dasar Laut di Sekitar Kepulauan Seribu Menggunakan Split Beam Echosounder.
Abstrak: The purpose of this research is to compute the backscattering strength of the seabed by measuring volume backscattering strength (SV), bottom surface backscattering strength (SS), and the echo level (EL) from seabed using split beam echosounder. The research was conducted from 29th January to 3rd February 2011, around the Seribu Islands: Pramuka island, Panggang island, Karya island and Semak Daun island, North Jakarta. Acquisition of acoustic data was conducted using the SIMRAD EY 60 instrument. Acoustic data obtained from 9 stations simultaneously with sediment sampling. Acoustic processing data was conducted by Rick Towler program with Matlab based. The SV and SS were analyzed Manik et al, model by using. Sediment sampling station consisted of 9 stations: Pramuka island there are 1 station (Station 1), Karya island there are 2 stations (Station 2, and Station 3), Panggang island there are 3 stations (Station 4, Station 7, Station 9), and Semak Daun island there are 3 stations (Station 5, Station 6, Station 8). Sediment classified based on the sediment texture. Seabed surface sediments were separated into 3 types, they are: sand, mud, and clay. This analysis showed that the location of the 9 stations observation is dominated by sand fraction with the percentage of 80.85%. Mud and clay fractions had the average percentage value of 18.32% and 0.83%, respectively. The backscattering value (SV) of sand substrate ranged -10.62 to -18.51 dB with the average of -13.91 dB, and the muddy sand substrate ranged from -16.58 to -25.42 dB with the average -20.57 dB. The value of SS for the sand substrate ranged from -20.70 to -28.58 dB with the average value of -23.98 dB. Muddy sand substrate has a value of SS in the range of -26.64 to -35.49 dB with the average SS of -30.64 dB, from this research, the classification of seabed type using hydroacoustic technology was possible.
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Judul: Pengukuran Hambur Balik Akustik Dasar Laut di Sekitar Kepulauan Seribu Menggunakan Split Beam Echosounder
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menghitung nilai backscattering strength dari dasar perairan meliputi volume backscattering strength dasar laut (SV), bottom surface backscattering strength (SS), dan echo level (EL) dasar perairan menggunakan split beam echosounder. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada tanggal 29 Januari - 3 Februari 2011 di sekitar perairan Kepulauan Seribu, meliputi: perairan Pulau Pramuka, Pulau Panggang, Pulau Karya dan Pulau Semak Daun, Jakarta Utara. ilik I Akuisisi data akustik menggunakan instrumen SIMRAD EY 60. Data akustik didapat dari 9 stasiun dengan masing-masing sampling data substratnya. Pengolahan data akustik menggunakan perangkat lunak Matlab dengan listing program Rick Towler. Nilai SV dan SS menggunakan analisis model Manik et al. Pengambilan sampel sedimen yang terdapat pada 9 stasiun, yaitu: P. Pramuka terdiri dari 1 stasiun (Stasiun 1), P. Karya terdiri dari 2 stasiun (Stasiun 2, dan 3), P. Panggang terdiri dari 3 stasiun (Stasiun 4, 7, dan 9), dan P. Semak Daun terdiri dari 3 stasiun (Stasiun 5, 6, dan 8). Sampling sedimen kemudian diklasifikasikan berdasarkan hasil analisis Bog tekstur sedimen. Sedimen permukaan dasar laut di lokasi penelitian dapat dipisahkan menjadi 3 tipe sedimen yaitu: pasir, lanau, dan liat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa dari 9 stasiun lokasi pengamatan secara keseluruhan didominasi oleh fraksi pasir yang memiliki persentase rata-rata sebesar 80,85%. Fraksi lanau dan liat secara berturut-turut memiliki nilai persentase rata-rata sebesar 18,32% dan 0,83. Hasil pengukuran nilai backscattering (SV) tipe substrat pasir berkisar -10,62 sampai -18,51 dB dengan rata-rata -13,91 dB, sedangkan substrat pasir berlumpur berkisar -16,58 sampai -25,42 dB dengan rata-rata -20,57 dB. Nilai SS untuk substrat pasir berkisar antara -20,70 sampai -28,58 dB dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar -23,98 dB. Substrat pasir berlumpur memiliki nilai SS yang berkisar pada -26,64 sampai -35,49 dB dengan rata-rata nilai SS sebesar 30,64 dB, dan dalam penelitian ini, klasifikasi sedimen dasar laut dengan menggunakan teknologi hidroakustik sudah layak….
Keyword: Volume Backscattering Strength Dasar Laut (SV), Bottom Surface Backscattering Strength (SS), Echo envelope, Sedimen Dasar Laut

Judul: Gene Editing  of Two Cyanide Synthesis-related Genes in Cassava using CRISPR/Cas9
Abstrak: Cassava (Manihot esculenta) contain toxic quantities of cyanogenic glucoside. Reducing the potentially toxic cyanogenic glucoside levels in cassava could be achieved by gene editing through Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats – CRISPR associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), a high- precision genome editing technique in plants. Two cassava UDP- glucosyltransferase (UGT) paralogs, UGT85K4 and UGT85K5, are the genes catalyzing the synthesis of cyanogenic glucosides in plants. The study aimed to construct the CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant vector carrying single guide RNA (sgRNA) to edit UGT85K4 and UGT85K5 genes, and transform sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct into KU50 cassava calli. Five sgRNAs were designed, considering the on/off target efficiency score and GC content. Those sgRNAs were ligated into pRGEB32 plasmid and introduced to competent Escherichia coli DH5a. The PCR colony and DNA sequencing were performed to verify the sgRNA insert. The amplicons showed the expected band size of recombinant vector (180 bp). Based on sequencing results, only one sgRNA was successfully ligated into the plasmid that will be used to edit the UGT85K5 gene. The sgRNA CRISPR/Cas9 construct in pRGEB32 plasmid was successfully transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens and introduced into KU50 cassava calli through co-cultivation. The overgrowth of Agrobacterium occurred after the co-cultivation phase.
Keyword: CRISPR/Cas9, Cyanogenic glucoside, Gene editing, sgRNA