Judul: Deteksi Nilai Hambur Balik Karang Massive Menggunakan Insrumen Hidroakustik CruzPro Fish Finder PcFF-80
Abstrak: In Indonesia hydroacoustic methods have been used in various marine research. Using Hydroacoustic method is one of many alternatives have been developed to get information about coral reef. This research describes an attempt to analysis back scattering value of massive coral using hydroacoustic instrument. Data collection was carried out in Karang Beras Island, DKI Jakarta province by CruzPro instrument which operated with frequency 200 kHz. Data validation of coral reef was performed by visual observation which documented using underwater camera. Back scattering strength value is gotten from first echo (E1) and second echo (E2). The result is showed that the average value of volume back scattering strength from first echo (E1) has range -19.11 dB to -18.00 dB and second echo (E2) has range -45.51 dB dB to -41.97 dB. The average value of surface back scattering strength from first echo (E1) has range -15.56 dB to -14.45 dB and second echo (E2) has range -41.96 dB dB to -38.42 dB.
Keyword: second echo, massive coral, first echo, CruzPro, back scattering

Judul: Aplikasi Single Beam Echosounder Simrad EK15 untuk Pengukuran Hambur Balik Akustik Koloni Karang
Abstrak: Indonesia dan beberapa negara berkembang lainnya masih memanfaatkan teknologi hidroakustik dengan transduser single beam dibandingkan dengan teknologi beam lebih dari satu karena harganya yang relatif lebih murah. Perlu adanya basis data nilai hambur balik akustik objek dasar perairan untuk memudahkan dalam survei pendugaan dasar perairan menggunakan metode hidroakustik. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah membandingkan dan mengelompokkan nilai area backscattering coefficient dan area backscattering strength pada tipe pertumbuhan koloni karang dan jenis substrat dasar perairan dengan menggunakan instrumen single beam echosounder Simrad EK15. Data akustik ditampilkan dalam bentuk echogram dan dikonversi menjadi nilai digital berupa area backscattering coefficient dan area backscattering strength dari hambur balik echo pertama (E1) dan hambur balik echo kedua setelah dihamburkan kembali dari permukaan (E2) yang merepresentasikan kekasaran dan kekerasan objek yang terdeteksi. Ground check dengan penyelaman SCUBA dilakukan untuk memastikan instrumen yang digunakan tepat mendeteksi objek dasar perairan yang diinginkaan. Uji statistik dilakukan untuk membuktikan bahwa nilai E1 maupun E2 dapat dibedakan dan dikelompokan berdasarkan sifat kemiripan dan ketakmiripan dari objek dasar perairan yang terdeteksi. Nilai E1didapatkan berkisar antara -32.42 hingga -24.48 dan nilai E2 didapatkan berkisar antara -51.35 hingga -38.02 Urutan nilai E1 maupun E2 dari yang tertinggi berturut-turut yaitu coral massive, acropora tabulate, coral foliose, acropora branching, pecahan karang/rubble, dan substrat pasir. Semua parameter yang diujikan memiliki nilai yang berbeda nyata dengan nilai kepercayaan 95%. Berdasarkan nilai E1 dan E2 dengan analisis multivariat, didapatkan dua kelompok utama yang memiliki tingkat kemiripan yang tinggi yaitu kelompok coral massive dan acropora tabulate serta kelompok acropora branching, pecahan karang/rubble, dan substrat pasir.
Keyword: hidroakustik, karang, parairan

Judul: Formulasi Sereal Susu Berbahan Baku Sorgum sebagai Pangan Sarapan
Abstrak: Sorghum can be used as a basic ingredient in developing ready to eat cereals. The general aim of this study was to develop cereal milks based beverages with sorghum as a main ingredient. The materials used to make cereal milk sorghum were milk powder, sorghum flour, sugar, cocoa powder, vanillin powder, and salt. This study covered two stages of experiment, i.e. preliminary and main experiments. The objective of preliminary study was to produce sorghum flour that can be rehydrated and has good characteristics. Flour that can be rehydrated known as pragelatinized flour. Pragelatinized sorghum flour can be achieved by studying the comparison of the amount of water added in the cooking stage that studied in the preliminary experiment. The ratio of coarse sorghum flour and water (w/v) tested were 1 : 2.5, 1 : 3, 1 : 3.5, 1 : 4, 1 : 4.5. The physical properties of the products resulted such as yield, water solubility index, and the rehydration time were analyzed. Based on these test results, the ratio of flour and water to be used in the main study was 1 : 4. The main study aimed to get a cereal milk formula that was suitable and acceptable by consumers. Variables observed on the main research in determining the optimum formulation of cereal milk were the amount of pragelatinized sorghum flour and milk powder added. The organoleptic test conducted showed that the formulation with a ratio of milk and pragelatinized sorghum flour 3 : 7 was chosen. Based on proximate analysis, the chosen formula contain (dry basis) 5.82% moisture content, 5.87% fat, 8.16% protein, 2.73% ash, and 83.24% carbohydrate. Chosen formula also contain 14.76% dietary fibre and total phenolic compound 3.28 mg GAE (Gallic Acid Equivalent)/ g product. Financial analysis that has been done shows milk cereal product development is feasible.
Keyword: