Judul: Analisis Risiko Produksi Ikan Cupang (Betta splendens) di KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri Semplak Bogor
Abstrak: Ikan hias merupakan salah satu komoditi perikanan yang membantu menggerakan perekonomian nasional melalui perolehan devisa. KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri merupakan kelompok pembudidaya cupang yang terbentuk pada tahun 2014. Usaha pembenihan ikan cupang memiliki prospek yang tinggi karena menawarkan peluang memperoleh profit yang cukup besar, namun kemungkinan untuk mengalami risiko usaha sewaktu-waktu dapat terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi sumber-sumber risiko produksi dan menganalisis probabilitas serta dampak risiko yang disebabkan oleh sumber-sumber risiko produksi pada usaha pembenihan ikan cupang di KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri. Data diperoleh dari observasi dan wawancara dengan pemilik usaha, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode Z-score dan Value at Risk (VaR). Hasil penelitian diperoleh sumber risiko yang terdapat pada KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri meliputi perubahan suhu, kualitas induk, dan penyakit. Nilai probabilitas dan dampak pada masing-masing risiko, di antaranya perubahan suhu 32,3% dan Rp2.002.110,00; kualitas induk 22,1% dan Rp141.330,00; penyakit 57,5% dan Rp2.233.000,00., Ornamental is one of the fishery commodities that help move national economy through foreign exchange earnings. KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri is a group of betta cultivators that was formed in 2014. Betta fish hatchery business has high prospects because it offers the opportunity to earn a large enough profit, but the possibility of experiencing business risks can occur at any time. This study aims to identify sources of production risk and analyze the probability and impact of risks caused by sources of production risk in betta fish hatchery business at KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri. The data were obtained from observations and interviews with business owner, then analyzed using the Z-score and Value at Risk (VaR) methods. The results obtained that the sources of risk contained in KPC Lebak Oca Mandiri include changes in water temperature and water quality, broodstock quality, and disease. The probability and impact values for each risk are changes in water temperature and water quality 32,3% and Rp2.002.110,00; broodstock quality 22,1% and Rp141.330,00; disease 57,5% and Rp2.233.000,00.
Keyword: Betta Fish Hatchery, Cultivation, Probability, Production Risk

Judul: Analisis Risiko Produksi Pembenihan Ikan Lele Sangkuriang Pada Saung Lele di Kampung Jumbo Sukaraja Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Catfish was one of the consumption fish that has been cultured in Indonesia which has good prospect. The high number of catfish consumption demand, causing the request of catfish seed increasing. Bogor regency was the largest catfish-producing region in the province of West Java and has been designated to be regional aquaculture minapolitan region. Bussiness who work in the breeding of catfish om Bogor regency was Saung Catfish. Entrepreneur was faced with the SR fluctuation problem that indicate a risk of production. In identifying the sources of risk was used descriptive method. Quantitative methods used in counting probability using the Z-score and calculate the impact of using VaR. Sources of production risks contained in catfish hatchery business Sangkuriang at Saung Catfish were pests, disease, water quality, and cannibalism. The analysis result of the probability or the possibility risk arise, i.e. : 1) the pest by 35.6 percent, 2) disease of 29.1 percent, 3) water quality by 40.5 percent, and 4) cannibalism of 34.1 percent. The analysis results of the risk impact, i.e : 1) pest as much Rp. 793 146, 2) disease in amount of Rp. 734 049, 3) water quality of Rp. 1,075,684, and 4) cannibalism in amount of Rp. 956,926. Risk production management strategies for pest risk source, water quality, and cannibalism was by prevention. While the source of risk on disease was handled by manage the maintenance medium properly.
Keyword: 

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
Keyword: