Judul: Analysis of Competitiveness, Position, and Factors Affecting Sugar Import in Indonesia.
Abstrak: Permintaan gula dalam negeri yang tinggi menyebabkan impor menjadi pilihan utama saat produksi domestik tidak mampu menyuplai permintaan tersebut. Impor gula yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya dapat menyebabkan ketergantungan impor dan merugikan perekonomian Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana daya saing komoditi, tingkat ketergantungan impor, serta faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi impor gula dalam jangka panjang. Metode yang digunakan adalah Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA), Import Dependency Ratio (IDR), dan Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Data yang digunakan adalah data time series tahunan 1980-2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa industri gula Indonesia tidak berdaya saing dengan nilai RCA rata-rata dibawah satu. Posisi Indonesia adalah sebagai negara net importir dengan rasio ketergantungan impor antara 6 hingga 92 persen pertahun. Berdasarkan pengujian VECM, variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap impor gula dalam jangka panjang adalah PDB perkapita, tingkat inflasi, luas lahan tebu, nilai tukar Rupiah, dan harga gula domestik. Sementara itu variabel harga gula internasional dan produksi gula tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan terhadap impor gula baik dalam jangka pendek maupun jangka panjang. Kontribusi terbesar terhadap impor gula dimiliki oleh variabel nilai tukar Rupiah dengan kontribusi sebesar 23 persen.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Sugar Import, RCA, Import Dependency Ratio, VECM, Management, Inflation rate, Comparative, Indonesian position, Time series

Judul: Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Impor Gula di Indonesia
Abstrak: High sugar imports lead to import dependence that affects the domestic sugar industry. The purpose of this study is to analyze the development of the sugar industry conditions in Indonesia, measure the sugar import dependency ratio and factors that affect the import of sugar in the long run. This study uses the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), and annual time series data from 1980 to 2012. The results of this study shows that sugar consumption increasing 3.82 percent per year while the production growth of ups and downs with 2.06 percent per year and imports continued to fluctuate with 6.86 percent per year during the period 1980-2012. Indonesian sugar import dependency ratio is still quite high with an average value of 26 percent per year. Based on VECM test, variables that significantly affect the sugar import are domestic production, domestic consumption, domestic sugar prices, international sugar prices, exchange rates and import tariffs on sugar. Meanwhile sugarcane planting area variable does not significantly affect the import of sugar in both the short and long term.
Keyword: VECM, import dependency ratio, sugar imports

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell