Judul: Evaluasi Pertumbuhan Bawang Daun (Allium fistulosum L.) dengan Pemberian Pupuk Organik Cair Berbahan Limbah Sawi.
Abstrak: Sampah hasil kegiatan pasar yang tidak mengalami pengelolaan secara baik akan menimbulkan pencemaran lingkungan. Sampah pasar dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pupuk organik cair (POC). POC dapat mengatasi masalah ketersediaan pupuk dan meningkatkan produktivitas bawang daun. Penelitian bertujuan menentukan kadar N total, Total C-Organik, Rasio C/N, kadar P2O5, kadar K2O, dan pH dari POC berbahan limbah sawi, menentukan perlakuan terbaik kombinasi POC dengan urea terhadap tanaman bawang daun, dan meningkatkan produktivitas bawang daun. Penelitian dilakukan dengan beberapa tahap, yaitu fermentasi menggunakan variasi EM4 50 ml (POCA) dan EM4 60 ml (POCB), analisis total C-Organik, N total, Fosfor, Kalium, pH, dan aplikasi POC menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap P0−P5. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, bobot basah dan bobot kering biomassa tanaman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan POC mengandung C- Organik, N-total, rasio C/N, fosfor, kalium, dan pH berturut-turut sebesar 5,70%, 1,16%, 4,91, 0,104%, 1,02%, dan 3,67 pada POCA, dan 6,80%, 0,82%, 8,30, 0,084%, 0,635%, dan 3,58 pada POCB. Perlakuan P4 (25% urea + 75% POC) menunjukkan tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, jumlah anakan, bobot basah dan bobot kering biomassa tanaman yang optimal., Waste from market activities that are not managed properly will cause environmental pollution. Market waste can be used as raw material for liquid organic fertilizer (POC). POC can overcome the problem of availability of fertilizer and increase the productivity of leeks. This study aims to determine the total N content, Total C-Organic, C/N ratio, P2O5 content, K2O content, and pH of POC made from mustard waste, determine the best treatment for the combination of POC with urea on leeks, and increase the productivity of leeks. The study was carried out in several stages, namely fermentation using variations of EM4 50 ml (POCA) and EM4 60 ml (POCB), analysis of total C-Organic, total N, Phosphorus, Potassium, pH, and POC application using a completely randomized design P0−P5. Observations were made on plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, wet weight and dry weight of plant biomass. The results of the analysis showed that POC contained C-Organic, N-total, C/N ratio, phosphorus, potassium, and pH of 5.70%, 1.16%, 4.91, 0.104%, 1.02%, and 3, 67 at POCA, and 6.80%, 0.82%, 8.30, 0.084%, 0.635%, and 3.58 at POCB. P4 treatment (25% urea + 75% POC) showed optimal plant height, number of leaves, number of tillers, wet weight and dry weight of plant biomass.
Keyword: Liquid organic fertilizer (POC), market waste, spring onion

Judul: fektivitas Pupuk Hayati terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum).
Abstrak: Bawang merah merupakan salah satu komoditas strategis pertanian nasional dan memiliki peranan penting dalam perekonomian nasional. Pupuk hayati mengandung mikroorganisme tertentu yang dapat membantu meningkatkan ketersediaan unsur hara tertentu yang dibutuhkan untuk pertumbuhan dan produktivitas tanaman. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada efektivitas bakteri pengikat N2 dalam pupuk hayati yang dikombinasikan dengan pupuk N anorganik, serta pengaruhnya terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktor tunggal lima perlakuan, yaitu (T0) tanpa pupuk N sebagai kontrol, (T1) 100 % N, (T2) 75% N, (T3) 100% pupuk hayati dan 75% N dan (T4) 100% pupuk hayati dan 50% N, dan setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah tinggi tanaman, jumlah anakan, bobot segar tanaman, bobot kering tanaman, dan bobot umbi kering jemur. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis ragam pada tingkat kepercayaan 95 %, perlakuan yang berpengaruh nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Tukey menggunakan software minitab. Efektivitas pupuk ditentukan dengan metode Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa pemberian pupuk hayati dan pupuk N tidak ada yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi tanaman bawang merah., Shallots are strategic national agricultural commodities and have an important role in the national economy. Biofertilizers contain certain microorganisms that can increase the availability of certain nutrients needed for plant growth and productivity. This research was focused on the effectiveness of N2-fixing bacteria containing biofertilizers combined with inorganic N fertilizers and their effect on the development and production of shallot. This research used a completely randomized block design with five treatments, namely (T0) no N fertilizer as control, (T1) 100% N, (T2) 75% N, (T3) 100% biofertilizer and 75% N and (T4) 100% biofertilizer and 50% N, and each treatment was replicated three times. The parameters observed were plant height, number of tillers, fresh weight of the plant, dry weight, and dry weight of bulbs. The data was carried out to analyze the variance at the 95% confidence level, and Tukey's test using the Minitab software continued the treatment with a significant effect. The effectiveness of fertilizers was determined by the Relative Agronomic Effectiveness (RAE) method. The analysis results showed that the application of biofertilizers showed no significant effect on the growth and production of shallot.
Keyword: Bawang merah, Pupuk hayati., Biofertilizers, Shallot., Biofertilizers, Shallot

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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