Judul: Genetic variability studies on avocado (Persea americana L.) using inter-simple sequences repeat (ISSR) analysis
Abstrak: Avocado (Persea americana Mill) is an evergreen tree native to Mesoamerica. Open pollination reproduction mode and mutations are the main source of the high genetic diversity in avocado. Differences in climate and soil conditions in Indonesia by region of origin also makes the avocado has a high diversity. Evaluation of avocado characterization is usually based on morphological descriptions of plants. However, this method requires a long time because the avocado plant is an annual plant. Therefore, other ways to characterize the avocado is needed. Inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers were used to study genetic diversity relationships among 23 avocado accessions. Morphological traits were used to assess levels of polymorphism across 23 accessions. Thirty-four morphological traits were scored and were scattered into 121 different loci. The twenty-third accessions grouped into three groups at 0.44 similarity degree. A total of 37 different amplification fragments were detected ranging from 2 to 7 per primer with an average of 5.2 fragments per primer. A dendrogram was generated using UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Averages). This dendrogram classified most of the genotypes analyzed into three major groups. The UPGMA cluster constructed from combination data of morphological traits and ISSR marker analysis separated the 23 accessions into three major groups at similarity value of 0.51. The most different accession is Lam1. The rest of the accessions in the dendrogram could be divided into two main clusters with accessions of different origin intermixed. The correlation coefficient between the morphological and ISSR matrices was 0.60076. It means that the matrices obtained from the molecular genomic markers and the morphological trait had significant positive correlations.
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Judul: Effect of Ethephon on Ripe and Quality of Avocado (Persea americana Mill.)
Abstrak: Apokad (Persea americana Mill.) menjadi salah satu buah pilihan masyarakat karena memiliki rasa yang enak, kandungan antioksidan tinggi, kaya akan serat, dan nutrisi. Apokad merupakan buah klimakterik dimana proses pemasakannya akan terus berlangsung setelah buah dipanen dari pohon. Salah satu tantangan global yang harus dihadapi petani apokad saat ini adalah menawarkan produk kepada konsumen dengan tingkat kemasakan homogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik awal buah apokad, menemukan konsentrasi ethephon yang tepat dan efektif untuk mempercepat dan menyeragamkan kemasakan apokad serta mengetahui pengaruhnya terhadap mutu buah. Rancangan penelitian yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktor tunggal berupa penambahan ethephon dengan konsentrasi 0, 500, dan 1000 ppm. Parameter yang diamati yaitu kadar air, kelunakan, edible portion, susut bobot, PTT, ATT, vitamin C, diameter, panjang, warna daging dan kulit buah yang diamati hingga 15 hari setelah perlakuan (HSP). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ethephon dengan konsentrasi 500 ppm dapat mempercepat pemasakan 3 hari lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan perlakuan kontrol, serta dapat mempertahankan mutu lebih lama dibandingkan dengan perlakuan ethephon 1000 ppm sampai dengan 12 HSP., Avocado (Persea americana Mill.) is one of the people’s choice fruit because it has a good taste, high antioxidant contents, is rich in fiber and nutrients. Avocado is a climacteric fruit where the ripening process will continue after the fruit is harvested from the tree. One of the global challenges that avocado farmers have to face today is offering consumers products with homogeneous ripeness levels. This study objective is to determine the initial characteristics of avocados, obtain the appropriate and effective ethephon concentration to accelerate and uniform avocado ripening as well as determine its effect on fruit quality. The research design used was a single factor randomized complete block design in the form of ethephone concentrations of 0, 500, and 1000 ppm. The parameters observed were moisture content, softness, edible portion, weight loss, TSS, TTA, vitamin C, diameter, length, flesh and skin color of the fruit which were observed up to 15 days after treatment (DAT). The results showed that ethephon with a concentration of 500 ppm could accelerate ripening 3 days faster than the control treatment, and could maintain quality longer than the 1000 ppm ethephon treatment up to 12 DAT.
Keyword: climacteric, ethylene, metabolism, ripenesslevel, softness

Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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