Judul: Characteristics of Organic Waste  Bioconversion in Earthenware Barrel Using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) Larvae
Abstrak: Larva Black Soldier Fly (BSF) yang digunakan sebagai agen biokonversi merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam pengelolaan limbah organik yang mampu mereduksi limbah dengan mudah dan biaya yang relatif murah. Penelitian ini dilakukan guna mereduksi limbah organik yang dihasilkan Pasar Dramaga, mengurangi beban landfill, dan menghasilkan produk berupa kompos dan larva BSF. Tahap penelitian mencakup analisis karakteristik biokonversi limbah organik dalam gentong gerabah, uji tingkat kebauan yang ditimbulkan selama proses biokonversi, serta menganalisis kadar protein larva BSF dan mutu kompos yang dihasilkan. Karakteristik biokonversi limbah organik dalam gentong berupa Waste Reduction (D) sebesar 85,8%, Waste Reduction Index (WRI) sebesar 6,1%/hari, Fresh Matter Consumption Rate (FMCR) 69,3 mg/larva/hari, Dry Matter Reduction (DMR) 51,4%, dan Dry Matter Consumption Rate (DMCR) 35,6 mg/larva/hari. Tingkat kebauan yang ditimbulkan dari proses biokonversi di gentong gerabah cenderung lebih kecil jika dibandingan dengan biokonversi yang dilakukan di biopond. Biokonversi limbah organik menggunakan larva BSF menghasilkan larva BSF dengan kadar protein sebesar 41,0% dan kompos yang sesuai dengan SNI 19-7030-2004 kecuali pada parameter warna, kadar C, dan rasio C/N., Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae used as bioconversion agents are an alternative in organic waste management that can reduce waste easily and at a relatively low cost. This research was conducted to reduce organic waste produced by Dramaga Market, reduce landfill loads, and produce products in the form of BSF larvae and compost. The research phase included analyzing the bioconversion characteristics of organic waste in earthenware barrels, testing for odor disturbances caused during the bioconversion process, and analyzing the protein content of BSF larvae and the compost quality. Bioconversion characteristics of organic waste in earthenware barrel in the form of Waste Reduction (D) 85,8%, Waste Reduction Index (WRI) 6,1%/day, Fresh Matter Consumption Rate (FMCR) 69,3 mg/larvae/day, Dry Matter Reduction (DMR) 51,4%, and Dry Matter Consumption Rate (DMCR) 35,6 mg/larvae/day. The level of odor generated from the bioconversion process in the earthenware barrel tends to be smaller when compared to the bioconversion carried out in the biopond. Bioconversion of organic waste using BSF larvae produces BSF larvae with a protein content of 41,0% and compost according to SNI 19-7030-2004 except for the parameters of color, C content, and C/N ratio.
Keyword: bioconversion, black soldier fly, earthenware barrel, market waste

Judul: Biokonversi Limbah Organik Pasar Agrobis Magetan Menjadi Protein Pakan Ternak Menggunakan Larva Black Soldier Fly
Abstrak: Salah satu pengolahan limbah organik yang ramah lingkungan adalah biokonversi limbah organik menggunakan larva black soldier fly (BSF). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis karakteristik dekomposisi limbah organik Pasar Agrobis dengan larva BSF, serta mengaplikasikan dan mengkaji mutu pakan pengolahan larva BSF sebagai alternatif substitusi protein bagi pakan ternak. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada Maret-April 2022 di Kabupaten Magetan, Jawa Timur. Karakteristik dekomposisi limbah padat organik menggunakan larva BSF diidentifikasi dengan waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter reduction (DMR), dan dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). Nilai WRI dan FMCR untuk limbah organik Pasar Agrobis selama 15 hari, yaitu 3,2%/hari dan 32,1 mg/larva/hari. Nilai persen DMR sebesar 84,4% dan nilai DMCR sebesar 27,1 mg/larva/hari. Aplikasi larva BSF sebagai substitusi protein pakan memenuhi persyaratan mutu pakan berdasarkan SNI 8173:2015, kecuali lemak kasar dan serat kasar. Pertambahan bobot ayam broiler umur 8-21 hari (starter) dan 21 hari ke atas (finisher) selama 12 hari berbeda nyata terhadap pakan komersial (p>0,05) dengan nilai rasio konversi pakan (RKP) lebih rendah., One of the environmentally friendly organic waste treatments is the bioconversion of organic waste using black soldier fly (BSF) larvae. This study aims to analyze the decomposition characteristics of organic waste in the Agrobis Market with BSF larvae, apply, and examine the quality of animal feed from BSF larvae as an alternative to protein substitution. The study was conducted in March-April 2022 in Magetan Regency, East Java. Characteristics of the decomposition of organic waste using BSF larvae were identified with waste reduction index (WRI), fresh matter consumption rate (FMCR), dry matter reduction (DMR), and dry matter consumption rate (DMCR). The value of WRI and FMCR organic waste for 15 days were 3,2%/day and 32,1 mg/larva/day. The percent DMR was 84,4% and DMCR was 27,1 mg/larva/day. The application of BSF larvae as protein substitution meets the animal feed quality based on SNI 8173:2015, except for crude lipid and fiber. The growth gain of broiler aged 8-21 days (starter) and above 21 days (finisher) for 12 days obtained significantly different against commercial feed (p>0.05) with a lower food convertion ratio (FCR) value.
Keyword: Agrobis Market, bioconversion, black soldier fly, broiler

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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