Judul: Analisis Kerusakan Jalan dengan Metode Pavement Condition Index (PCI) pada Jalan Otto Iskandardinata, Kab. Subang
Abstrak: Kecenderungan masyarakat yang masih memilih transportasi darat sebagai moda transportasi utama menimbulkan tuntutan akan kondisi permukaan jalan yang baik. Akan tetapi banyaknya kerusakan jalan yang ada menyebabkan ketidaknyamanan dalam berkendara. Sehingga memerlukan penilaian akan kondisi kerusakan jalan tersebut. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan mengidentifikasi jenis kerusakan, melakukan penilaian terhadap kondisi perkerasan jalan dengan metode Pavement Condition Index (PCI), serta memberikan solusi perbaikan yang tepat. Lokasi penelitian berada di jalan Otto Iskandardinata Kab. Subang. Berdasarkan metode PCI terdapat kriteria yang digunakan diantaranya deduct value, density, total deduct value, alowable maximum deduct value, serta corrected deduct value. Jalan sepanjang 400 m dibagi menjadi 16 ruas untuk selanjutnya dilakukan penilaian kerusakan. Dari hasil pengukuran di lapangan didapatkan kerusakan yang dominan yang terjadi diantaranya lubang, tambalan, retak, dan ambles. Nilai PCI akhir yang diperoleh yaitu sebesar 65,75 (sedang). Tindakan penanganan yang dapat dilakukan diantaranya melakukan pemeliharaan secara rutin dengan skala kecil, atau perbaikan struktural dengan overlay permukaan jalan.
Keyword: kerusakan permukaaan jalan, overlay, pavement condition index, subang

Judul: Evaluation of Road Pavement Damage using Pavement Condition Index (PCI) Method
Abstrak: Penurunan kualitas akan berdampak dengan kenyamanan dan keamanan pengguna jalan. Oleh karena itu, perlu adanya perbaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan nilai PCI serta memberikan solusi perbaikan untuk setiap jenis kerusakan. Metode ini dipilih karena dapat menilai kondisi perkerasan menurut jenis dan tingkat kerusakan dan berguna untuk pekerjaan pemeliharaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada Jalan Alternatif IPB sepanjang 500 m dengan lebar 4 m yang dibagi menjadi 10 section. Terdapat 6 jenis kerusakan disepanjang 500 m jalan yang diteliti, seperti kerusakan lubang, ambles, retak memanjang, tambalan, bahu turun, dan retak tepi. Nilai akhir PCI pada Jalan Alternatif IPB sepanjang 500 m sebesar 69,4 sehingga masuk dalam kategori sedang. Solusi perbaikan untuk setiap kerusakan tidaklah sama. Penambalan permukaan dan penambalan seluruh kedalaman dapat digunakan untuk perbaikan semua jenis kerusakan, kecuali bahu turun. Bahu turun harus diperbaiki dengan perataan kembali serta bahu diurug. Micro surfacing digunakan untuk perbaikan ambles tingkat kerusakan medium. Penutup retak cocok diterapkan pada kerusakan retak memanjang dan retak tepi., The decrease in quality will have an impact on the comfort and safety of road users. Therefore, there is a need for improvement. This study aims to obtain the PCI value and provide repair solutions for each type of damage. This method was chosen because it can assess the condition of the pavement according to the type and level of damage and is useful for maintenance work. The research was conducted on IPB Alternative Road along 500 m with a width of 4 m which was divided into 10 sections. There were 6 types of damage along the 500 m road studied, such as pothole damage, subsidence, longitudinal cracks, fillings, shoulder dislocation, and edge cracks. The final PCI value on the IPB Alternative Road along 500 m is 69,4 so it is in the medium category. The repair solution for every malfunction is not the same. Surface fillings and full depth fillings can be used to repair all types of damage, except shoulder dips. Shoulder drop should be corrected by realigning and backfilling the shoulder. Micro surfacing is used for medium level subsidence repair. Crack cover is suitable for longitudinal crack damage and edge cracking
Keyword: PCI, repair solutions, road damage

Judul: Heterologous Expression Of Endo-Β-Xylanase From Bacillus Pumilus Strain Bcrs-01 In Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolase family 11 which depolymerise xylan in the plant cell wall, the most excessive form of hemicellulose. Endo-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are most important to breakdown β-1,4-glicoside bond of xylan to produce disaccaride xyloolygosaccaride (XOs) and xylose (monomer). Bovine rumen fluids have potential to obtain endo-β-xylanase produced of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to obtain xylanase producing bacteria and to express xynA gene encoding endo-β-xylanase from bacterium in Escherichia coli. Twenty nine isolate bacteria have been succesfully isolated from bovine rumen fluid in agar medium containing birchwood xylan. Isolate BCRS-01 bacterium was previously screened for the high production of xylanase. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BCRS-01 showed high similarity (99%) to Bacillus pumilus (accession number NR043241). The crude xylanase had optimal activity at 55oC, pH 7.0. Furthermore, the crude xylanase exhibited broad pH stability from 4.0 to 10.0 and remained more than 60% and 40% of its activity after incubation at pH 4.0 until 10.0, respectively for 60 min. It also showed a stability at temperature 25-50oC since it retained 80% and 50% of its activity when incubated at 50oC or 30 and 60 min, respectively. The xylanase activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Cu2+ at concentration 10 mM, and as little as 1 mM for Mn2+. Therefore, this xylanase has potentially used as additive feeds in animal feed industry. The DNA sequence xynA gene encoded endo-β-xylanase was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET-15by under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant protein had succesfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A protein recombinant of approximately, 26.7 kDa was observed on the SDS-PAGE analysis. Crude extract of recombinant endo-β-xylanase demonstrated activity of enzyme at 56 U mL-1 using birchwood xylan as a substrate at 55oC for 10 min.
Keyword: Bacillus pumilus, bovine rumen fluid, endo-β-xylanase, heterologous expression.