Judul: Modification of spraying system for weed control utilize with knapsack electric sprayer
Abstrak: In agriculture, spraying aims to protect crops from disrupting organisms to increase farmers’ profits. Spraying using a spraying tool has an advantage in that it spreads granules evenly to plants; furthermore, the size of the granules can be adjusted according to the need. This research aimed to modify the spraying system on the sprayer output to reduce the shift in spraying points on sprayed granules as a result of the wind blow from the environment. This electric sprayer consists of several components which are not found in a power sprayer or manual sprayer such as a 12-V battery or a 5.8 bar-pressure water pump. The result of the pressure comparison on the outlet showed a significant difference, namely in a 3-bar manual sprayer and a 4-bar electric sprayer. The pressure difference resulted in the difference in discharge, the length and width of the spraying.
Keyword: sprayer, pressure, manual, electric, discharge

Judul: Performance of Motorized Carrying Sprayer for Weed Control at Various Concentrations of Herbicide Solutions and Liquid Pressure
Abstrak: Knapsack power sprayer memiliki keunggulan yaitu besar tekanan bisa diatur dengan mengubah bukaan throttle, sehingga dapat ditentukan besar tekanan cairan, ukuran butiran semprot (droplet) dan kerapatan droplet sesuai dengan konsentrasi larutan herbisida yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kinerja herbiciding gulma lahan kering pada berbagai konsentrasi larutan herbisida dan tekanan cairan menggunakan knapsack power sprayer. Hasil uji kinerja knapsack power sprayer di laboratorium untuk nosel kerucut diperoleh tekanan yang paling optimum dengan bukaan throttle 50% (P3) sebesar 25 kgf/cm2. Sedangkan 4 parameter utama pada bukaan throttle 50% (P3) antara lain diameter droplet, kerapatan droplet , lebar penyemprotan efektif dan debit penyemprotan masing-masing sebesar 221.67 µm; 275.64 droplet/cm2, 0.96 m, dan 6.27 liter/menit. Hasil kinerja pengendalian gulma di lapangan yang paling optimum dengan konsentrasi larutan herbisida 3,5% (C3) untuk nosel kerucut yaitu diperoleh efektivitas terbesar adalah 81.67% dengan kapasitas keluaran sebesar 46.01 liter/ha serta biaya larutan aplikasi herbisida sebesar Rp 8 695.97 per jam. Sedangkan hasil uji kinerja knapsack power sprayer di laboratorium untuk nosel kipas diperoleh tekanan yang paling optimum dengan bukaan throttle minimum (P1) sebesar 10 kgf/cm2. Sedangkan 4 parameter utama pada bukaan throttle minimum (P1) antara lain diameter droplet, kerapatan droplet, lebar penyemprotan efektif dan debit penyemprotan masing-masing sebesar 198,67 µm; 214.93 droplet/cm2, 1,12 m, dan 3,08 liter/menit. Hasil kinerja pengendalian gulma di lapangan yang paling optimum pada konsentrasi larutan herbisida 1,5% (C1) untuk nosel kipas yaitu diperoleh efektivitas terbesar 82.43%; dengan kapasitas keluaran sebesar 5.36 liter/ha serta biaya larutan aplikasi herbisida sebesar Rp 1 181.25 per jam., Knapsack power sprayer has the advantage that it can be adjusted by changing the throttle opening, so that the liquid pressure, droplet size and droplet density can be determined according to the concentration of the herbicide solution used. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of dryland weed herbicides at various concentrations of herbicide solutions and liquid pressure using a knapsack power sprayer. The results of the knapsack power sprayer performance test in the laboratory for the cone nozzle obtained the most optimal pressure with a throttle opening of 50% (P3) of 25 kgf / cm2. Meanwhile, the 4 main parameters at the 50% throttle opening (P3) include droplet diameter, droplet density, effective spraying width and spraying discharge of 221.67 µm; 275.64 droplets / cm2, 0.96 m, and 6.27 liters / minute. The most optimal field control results with a concentration of 3.5% herbicide solution (C3) for the most effective cone nozzle is 81.67% with an output capacity of 46.01 liters / ha and the cost of herbicide application solution is IDR 8 695.97 per hour . While the results of the knapsack power sprayer performance test in the laboratory for the fan nozzle, the optimal pressure is obtained with a minimum throttle opening (P1) of 10 kgf / cm2. Meanwhile, the 4 main parameters for the minimum throttle opening (P1) are droplet diameter, droplet density, effective spraying width and spraying discharge of 198.67 µm respectively; 214.93 droplets / cm2, 1.12 m, and 3.08 liters / minute. The most optimal field control results were at a concentration
Keyword: weeds, knapsack power sprayer, herbicide solution concentration, pressure

Judul: Studi Kasus: Leiomioma pada Seekor Singa (Panthera leo)
Abstrak: This report described an abdominal leiomyoma in a female old lion (Panthera leo) from the Ragunan Zoo, Jakarta. The aim of this study was to identify the type of tumor from an old aged female lion with anamnese suffered from chronic gangrene on the right-rear leg. The lion was euthanized and then accompanied with necropsy. Gross findings were recorded and then histopathological examination of some organ samples done. Macroscopic observations showed several lesions. A tumor was found in abdominal cavity, has 14.5 x 9.8 x 6.5 cm in sized. The tissue sample from the tumor mass was further examined using histopathological examination. Based on the morphology, the tumor consisted of spindle-shaped cells with a cigar-shaped nuclei with blunt ends. Mitotic figure was <3, indicated that the tumor was benign. Masson's Trichrome staining showed that among the tumor cells are found collagen bundles (blue). Desmin immunohistochemical staining showed a positive result, that mean the tumor cells derived from smooth muscle cells. Other immunohistochemical stainings e.g. Vimentin, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP), and Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) were negative. According to morphological and immunohistochemical characters, the tumor was diagnosed as leiomyoma.
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