Judul: Penanganan Ketidakhomogenan Ragam Akibat Keberadaan Data Ekstrim Melalui Pendekatan EM-AMMI
Abstrak: Multilocation trial is applied to identify adaptation of genotypes from various locations. Additive Main Effect Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI) can identify genotypes that able to adapt in some locations (stable genotype) or genotype that adapt in specific location (specific genotype). Multilocation trial with homogeneity error variance sometimes is not required. So it causes the violation of homogeneity of variance that is part of AMMI analysis. This research uses multilocation trial data from PAIR-BATAN that are consists of 12 genotypes at 5 trial locations. Measurement of responses is dried unhusked rice production (ton ha-1). The exploration of the presence of extreme data shows there are 6 observations of combination genotype by location that have too high variance. The Expectation Maximization-AMMI (EM-AMMI) will solve the violation of homogeneity error variance by eliminating extreme data initially so, AMMI analysis will be used appropriately. AMMI analysis shows that genotype G9 is stable and has a higher average of dried unhusked rice production than both total average and control genotype average.
Keyword: homogeneous, EM-AMMI, extreme data

Judul: Klasifikasi Genotipe Pada Data Tidak Lengkap  Dengan Pendekatan Model Ammi
Abstrak: Multilocations trials play an important role in plant breeding and agronomic research. Study concerning genotype-environment interaction needed in selection of genotype to be released. AMMI (Additive Main effect and Multiplicative Interaction) is one of statistical technique to analyze data from multilocations trials. The analysis of AMMI is a combining analysis between additive main effect and principal component analysis. The main restriction of using AMMI analysis is balance data. However a multilocations trials give an opportunity of the occurrence of unbalance data become very big. It is intended for every combination of genotype and location have the same number of replication. Therefore, we must estimate the data which do not complete. Incomplete data case, it is needed some data estimation method analysis, at this research employed connected data method and EM-AMMI algorithm to estimate incomplete data. Data which used in this research is obtained from Indon Spices Medicinal Crops Research Institute (ISMECRI) Bogor. It is a secondary data of ginger essential content resulted from multilocations trials, sixteen of genotype ginger which tested at five location in West Java. Simulation result shows that estimation using connected data will obtain smaller MAPE if its followed by two times EM-AMMI algorithm, for the percentage of data lose 10% to 20%. Production of ginger essential content estimated with AMMI2 model can explain 76.09% interaction structure among location and genotype. Seen from stability of genotype, there are 2 stable genotype, that is genotype 3 and 7. Genotype 8, 12, 15 specific at location B; genotype 9, 11, 14, 16 specific at location D and E; and genotype 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10 and 13 specific at location A and C.
Keyword: 

Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii