Judul: Effectiveness Test of Watery Rose Apple Leaves  Decoction (Syzygium samarangense Blume) as Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus  musculus)
Abstrak: Tanaman jambu air telah banyak digunakan sebagai obat herbal dalam mengatasi penyakit, akan tetapi belum ada penelitian mengenai aktivitas antidiare pada tanaman ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui aktivitas antidiare dari daun jambu air dengan dua metode yakni metode proteksi intestinal dan transit intestinal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit jantan yang dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan: kelompok kontrol positif (Loperamide HCl), kelompok kontrol negatif (Tween-80 [1%]), dan empat kelompok perlakuan dekok daun jambu air dengan konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100%. Parameter yang diamati pada metode proteksi intestinal yaitu frekuensi defekasi dan konsistensi feses, sedangkan pada metode transit intestinal yaitu rasio lintasan penanda usus. Berdasarkan kedua metode tersebut, dekok daun jambu air dengan konsentrasi 12,5%, 25%, 50%, dan 100% mempunyai aktivitas antidiare. Dekok daun jambu air dengan konsentrasi 12,5% menunjukkan aktivitas antidiare yang paling efektif., Watery rose apple plants have been widely used as herbal medicine in overcoming diseases, but there has been no research on the antidiarrheal activity of this plant. This study aims to determine the antidiarrheal activity of watery rose apple leaves with two methods, namely intestinal protection and intestinal transit methods. This study used 30 male mice which were divided into six treatment groups : the positive control group (Loperamide HCl), the negative control group (Tween-80 1%), and four treatment groups of watery rose apple leaf decoction with concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100%. The parameters observed for intestinal protection method were defecation frequency and stool consistency, while for intestinal transit method intestinal were marker passage ratio. Based on both methods, watery rose apple leaves decoction with concentrations of 12.5%, 25%, 50%, and 100% had antidiarrheal activity. Watery rose apple leaves decoction with a concentration of 12.5% showed the most effective antidiarrheal activity.
Keyword: antidiarrheal, intestinal protection, intestinal transit, watery rose apple

Judul: Effectiveness of Tamarind Leaf Infusion (Tamarindus indica L.) as an Antidiarrheal in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Asam jawa merupakan tanaman herbal yang memiliki khasiat untuk mengobati berbagai penyakit, namun belum ada penelitian ilmiah mengenai aktivitas infusa daun asam jawa sebagai antidiare. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan konsentrasi infusa daun asam jawa yang efektif dalam memberikan efek antidiare pada mencit. Penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder. Penelitian ini menggunakan 30 ekor mencit yang dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yang terdiri dari kontrol negatif (Tween 80 [1%]), kontrol positif (Loperamid HCl), dan tiga kelompok yang diberi perlakuan infusa daun asam jawa dengan konsentrasi bertingkat (25%, 50%, dan 100%). Parameter yang digunakan dalam metode proteksi intestinal adalah frekuensi defekasi, konsistensi feses, waktu awal terjadinya diare, durasi, dan waktu penyembuhan diare. Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan ekstrak infusa daun asam jawa sebagai antidiare memiliki kemampuan menurunkan frekuensi defekasi, meningkatkan konsistensi feses, menunda terjadinya diare, dan memperlama waktu penyembuhan diare. Hasil uji fitokimia dari infusa daun asam jawa mengandung flavonoid, steroid, dan terpenoid. Semua kelompok ekstrak infusa daun asam jawa memberikan hasil yang efektif sebagai antidiare., Tamarind is an herbal plant that has properties to treat various diseases, but there has been no scientific research on the activity of tamarind leaf infusion as antidiarrheal. This study aims to determine the concentration of tamarind leaf infusion that is effective in providing antidiarrheal effects on mice. This study also aims to analyze the content of secondary metabolite compounds. This study used 30 mice divided into 5 groups consisting of negative control (Tween 80 [1%]), positive control (Loperamide HCl), and three groups treated with tamarind leaf infusion with graded concentrations (25%, 50%, and 100%). The parameters used in the intestinal protection method were frequency of defecation, stool consistency, time of onset of diarrhea, duration, and healing time of diarrhea. The results obtained showed that tamarind leaf infusion extract as an antidiarrheal agent has the ability to reduce the frequency of defecation, increase stool consistency, delay the onset of diarrhea, and prolong the healing time of diarrhea. Phytochemical test results of tamarind leaf infusion contain flavonoids, steroids, and terpenoids. All groups of tamarind leaf infusion extracts provide effective results as antidiarrheal.
Keyword: antidiare, daun asam jawa, infusa

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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