Judul: Marketing Analysis and The Value-Added of Nutmeg in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency
Abstrak: Nutmeg is a multipurpose plant that can sell not only in nutmeg but also in the form of wet nutmeg seeds, dried nutmeg seeds and mace (nutmeg), and their derivative products (diversification). Nutmeg, which is known as an Indonesian spice, has high economic value and has excellent potential for export activities in the world market. Indonesia is the largest exporting country with an export value of US$ 25.7 million in 2020 and can supply 60% - 70% market share of national nutmeg production. One of the production areas for nutmeg centres is Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, Aceh Province. In the marketing activities of nutmeg in Tapak Tuan District, the nutmeg marketing system has not been fully effective and efficient. The problem that stands out is that the price received by farmers has a gap with the price paid by retailers/exporters/food/beverage processing industries. Another problem is that sellers tend to sell their nutmeg products in the form of fruit/wet nutmeg seeds/dried nutmeg seeds and mace. Nutmeg that has been processed into derivative products has the advantage of overselling it in raw materials. Processing activities (added value) can be one way to reduce losses, create new products, and increase people's incomes in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. This study aims to analyze the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, and analyze the added value of processed nutmeg products in the home industry in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. The types and sources of data in this research are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from interviews with respondents using a questionnaire. Secondary data were obtained from various literature and references from previous research, scientific journals, the South Aceh District Agriculture Service, and others. The sampling method for farmers was the purposive sampling of as many as 35 people. At the same time, the sample of traders was obtained by snowball sampling as many as 25 people. This study aims to analyze the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, and analyze the added value of processed nutmeg products in the home industry of Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. The method used is to look at the market structure, see the marketing channels that are passed, see the implementation of marketing functions, and calculate the percentage value of marketing margin, farmer's share percentage value, R/C ratio as for the added value analysis using the Hayami method. The research results show that the nutmeg marketing system in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency is relatively efficient. It is seen from the calculation of efficiency indicators and seen in the market structure. Marketing channels traversed by farmers and marketing agencies. And the implementation of marketing functions such as exchange functions, physical functions, and facilities functions carried out by respondents in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency. In the analysis of the added value of processed nutmeg products in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency, Usaha Permai obtained an added value for each product of Rp. 13 383/kg with a profit rate of
Keyword: efficiency, value added, marketing, nutmeg

Judul: Marketing Analysis and The Value-Added of Nutmeg in Tapak Tuan District, South Aceh Regency
Abstrak: Pala merupakan tanaman multiguna yang dapat dijual tidak hanya dalam bentuk buah pala tetapi dapat dijual dalam bentuk biji pala basah, biji pala kering dan fuli (bunga pala), dan produk turunannya (diversifikasi). Pala yang dikenal sebagai rempah Indonesia memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi dan memiliki potensi yang besar pada kegiatan ekspor di pasar dunia. Indonesia menjadi negara pengekspor terbesar dengan nilai ekspor US$ 25,7 juta di tahun 2020 dan mampu menyuplai 60% - 70% pangsa pasar dari produksi pala nasional. Daerah produksi sentra pala salah satunya adalah Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan Provinsi Aceh. Dalam kegiatan pemasaran pala yang ada di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan, sistem pemasaran pala belum sepenuhnya berjalan secara efektif dan efisien. Permasalahan yang menonjol adalah harga yang diterima petani memiliki gap dengan harga yang dibayarkan oleh retail/eksportir/industri pengolahan makanan/minuman. Permasalahan lainnya yaitu penjual cenderung menjual produk pala nya dalam bentuk buah/biji pala basah/biji pala kering dan fuli. Pala yang telah diolah menjadi produk turunan memiliki keuntungan dibandingkan menjual dalam bentuk bahan mentah/baku. Aktivitas pengolahan (nilai tambah) dapat menjadi salah satu cara untuk mengurangi kerugian, menciptakan produk-produk baru, dan meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis sistem pemasaran pala di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, dan menganalisis nilai tambah pada produk olahan pala pada home industry di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Jenis dan sumber data pada peneltian ini adalah data primer dan data sekunder. Data primer diperoleh dari hasil wawancara dengan responden menggunakan kuesioner. Data sekunder diperoleh dari berbagai literartur dan referensi yang berasal dari penelitian terdahulu, jurnal ilmiah, Dinas Pertanian Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, Dinas Perdagangan Perindustrian Koperasi dan UMKM Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, dan lain-lain. Metode pengumpulan sampel untuk petani dilakukan secara purposive sampling sebanyak 35 orang. Sedangkan sampel pedagang diperoleh secara snowball sampling sebanyak 25 orang. Metode analisis data yang digunakan adalah melihat struktur pasar, melihat saluran pemasaran yang dilalui, melihat pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi pemasaran, serta menghitung nilai persentase margin pemasaran, nilai persentase farmer’s share, R/C rasio. Sedangkan untuk analisis nilai tambah menggunakan metode Hayami. Berdasarkan dari hasil penenlitian maka dapat diketahui bahwa sistem pemasaran pala di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan relatif efisien. Hal tersebut tidak hanya dilihat dari perhitungan indikator efisiensi. Namun juga terlihat pada struktur pasar. Saluran pemasaran yang dilalui oleh petani dan lembaga pemasaran. Dan pelaksanaan fungsi-fungsi pemasaran seperti fungsi pertukaran, fungsi fisik, dan fungsi fasilitas yang dilakukan oleh responden di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan. Pada analisis nilai tambah produk olahan pala di Kecamatan Tapak Tuan Kabupaten Aceh Selatan, Usaha Permai memperoleh nilai tambah untuk setiap kilogram bahan baku pala untuk masing-masing produk sebesar Rp 13 383/kg dengan tingkat keuntungan 85,4% untuk kue bunga pala, dan produk kue pala iris sebesar Rp 21 531/kg dengan tingkat keuntungan 70,8%. Sedangkan Usaha Rovan memperoleh nilai tambah sebesar Rp 12 799/kg dengan tingkat keuntungan 80,9% untuk produk bunga pala, produk kue pala iris sebesar Rp 35 608/kg dengan tingkat keuntungan 77,5%, dan sirup pala sebesar Rp 21 254/kg dengan tingkat keuntungan 79,4%. Keuntungan dari adanya nilai tambah pada produk olahan pala adalah memberikan basis pengembangan usaha
Keyword: efficiency, marketing, nutmeg, value added

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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