Judul: Efektivitas Gugus Pelindung –Oh Fenolik Pada Floroasetofenon Dalam Sintesis 2'-Hidroksikalkon, Zat Antara Ke Kuersetin Dan Kaemferol
Abstrak: Upaya mengisolasi kuersetin dan kaemferol dari daun jambu biji merah dan daun sirsak belum berhasil mendapatkan senyawa murni. Harga senyawa murni yang tinggi juga melatari perlunya upaya menyintesis kaemferol. Sintesis dikerjakan melalui siklisasi oksidatif Algar-Flynn-Oyamada pada 2'-hidroksikalkon, yang disintesis melalui kondensasi Claisen-Schmidt senyawa floroasetofenon (2',4',6'-trihidroksiasetofenon) dengan turunan benzaldehida. Suasana basa dalam reaksi kondensasi dapat mendeprotonasi gugus –OH, sehingga gugus ini perlu dilindungi. Gugus benzil (Bn) didapati paling efektif melindungi floroasetofenon membentuk 2',4'-dibenziloksifloroasetofenon (rendemen 30%). Gugus alil dan metil memberikan rendemen lebih besar (33 dan 36%) untuk produk diproteksinya, tetapi memerlukan tahapan pemurnian yang panjang, sedangkan gugus pelindung tetrahidropiranil tidak dapat memproteksi floroasetofenon. Proteksi Bn pada senyawa turunan benzaldehida memberikan rendemen 89 dan 75% berturut-turut untuk 3,4-dibenziloksi- dan 4-monobenziloksibenzaldehida. Secara keseluruhan, 2'-hidroksikalkon terproteksi-Bn prekursor kuersetin dan kaemferol dihasilkan sebanyak 69% dan 71% dalam 2 tahap dari turunan benzaldehida.
Keyword: 2'-hidroksikalkon, gugus pelindung benzil, kaemferol, kuersetin

Judul: Efektivitas Gugus Pelindung ‒OH Fenolik pada Floroasetofenon dan 3,4- Dihidroksibenzaldehida dalam Upaya Menyintesis Kuersetin
Abstrak: Quercetin is a of flavonol compound with hydroxylated A and B rings. Synthesis of this group of compounds is commonly through condensation reaction between hydroxylated acetophenoneand benzaldehyde derivatives and needs introduction of phenolic-OH protecting groups. In this study, tetrahydropyranylether (OTHP) and benzylether (OBn) were compared for their effectiveness in protecting the 2 phenolic‒OH groups in phloroactophenone and 3.4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde as the first step in quercetin synthesis. OTHP gave a huge steric hindrance so it could not protect the phenolic-OH of phloroacetophenone. On the contrary, OBn protected phloroacetophenone and 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde more effectively. Two equivalent of BnBr in dimethylformamide after 24 hours, produced 2’,4’-di-Obenzylphloroacetophenone and 3,4-bis-(benzyloxy)benzaldehyde with 48% and 55% of yield, respectively. The condensation reaction between the two protected precursors produce mixture of products predicted to contain eriodictiol chalcone Bn-protected. Oxidative cyclization of the chalcone was yet to be succeeded to failed to form tetra-O-benzylquercetin. However, the effectiveness of OBn as a phenolic-OH protective group has been successfully demonstrated in this study
Keyword: phloroacetophenone tetrahydropyranil, 3.4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde, chalchone, benzyl

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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