Judul: Tingkat Keberhasilan PNPM dalam Memfasilitasi Rumah Tangga Peserta Program di Desa dan Kota Bogor
Abstrak: The research objective was to analyse the role of PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan dan Perdesaan in increasing income and housing facilities of the beneficiary. The research method used survey technique to 60 respondents representing household in Ciherang and Kelurahan Kebon Pedes. The variables observed include beneficiary’s profile, participation perrequisite, facilitators’s competency, incomes, and housing improvement. The research results show that PNPM provide facilitation and have able to improve household condition in terms of increasing income, housing conditions have better improved. There is a difference community participation to the program, between village in the distict and the city, BSP2S are better compared to SPP program. The most obvious was shown by the associated competitiveness program with its success of BSP2S program.
Keyword: household’s income, participation, facilitation, role of PNPM

Judul: Partisipasi masyarakat miskin terhadap penanggulangan kemiskinan dalam program nasional pemberdayaan masyarakat mandiri (PNPM-M) perkotaan di Desa Cadasngampar, Kecamatan Sukaraja, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: The research was conducted to see the participation of the poor to overcome poverty in Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri (PNPM-M) Perkotaan in Village of Cadasngampar, Sub-district of Sukaraja, Distric of Bogor, West Java Province. Specific objectives are (1) Assessing influence of poverty level of community participation in PNPM-M Perkotaan in Village of Cadasngampar, (2) Assessing influence of the level of participation to level of community empowerment in benefitting PNPM-M Perkotaan in Village of Cadasngampar. Poverty is divided into two categories: absolute poverty and relative poverty. There were 1,1 percent of total respondents who experienced absolute poverty and there are no respondents who experienced relative poverty. The highest level of participation achieved at level of consultation, while level of empowerment had be seen from change of consumption expenditure and non-consumption before and after implementation of PNPM-M Perkotaan. Statistical analysis showed that there was no relationship between level of poverty to level of participation, and there is no relationship between level of participation to level of community empowerment.
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Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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