Judul: Marketing and Value Added of Cocoa Beans in Madiun District, East Java
Abstrak: Madiun district as largest sentral of people's cocoa plantations in East Java, the production of cocoa beans of this area at 2009 until 2011 is increased. To increase farmers' income, increased production should be followed by the development of efficient marketing. Marketing of cocoa beans in Madiun involving many actors with different behaviors. Investment policy and implementation of export duties are expected to improve the cocoa industry and develop the performance of the cocoa market in the country. The development of marketing performance with various alternatives, provide opportunities for cocoa farmers to select marketing channels for optimal profit. The purpose of this research is to analyze: 1) performance cocoa beans supply chain, 2) factors that influence of marketing channels choice in cocoa beans supply chain in Madiun District , and 3) added value from the processing of cocoa beans. This research was conducted in Madiun District, East Java. Primary data collected through interviews using questionnaires. The type and number of respondents consisted 90 cocoa farmers, 18 colletors, two large cocoa trader and one processed industry. Analysis of cocoa beans supply chain descriptions using FSCN process framework. Marketing efficiency measured from the margin, farmer's share, the ratio of benefits and costs. The factors that determine the cohice of farmers to supply chains used quantitative approach with mutinomial logit regression model, and added value analysis method used is Hayami. The results showed that the most efficient marketing channel is the channel that connects the cocoa farmers directly to the district level collector. Factors that affect decision making of cocoa farmers to sell cocoa beans are farmer age, farmer education, the selling price of cocoa beans, and the main livelihood of the farmers. Secondary products of cocoa beans that produce the highest profit is cocoa powder and cocoa butter. To increase the income of farmers suggested to improve the quality of cocoa beans by reducing the water content and doing fermentation of cocoa beans, so that farmers can directly sell to district level collector with better price. To improve the performance of small and medium scale cocoa processing industry required Puslitkoka role and the government should be able to find specific market access.
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Judul: Analisis Produksi dan Pemasaran Kakao di Kabupaten Padang Pariaman Propinsi Sumatera Barat
Abstrak: The aim of this research is to analyze factors that influence cocoa production, identified marketing chanel of cocoa, estimated marketing margin and determined farmer share. This research used survey method to cocoa farmer and wholeseller. Production analysis using Cobb-Douglas fuction and to analyze marketing structure, conduct and performent analysis is used. The result of this research show that cocoa production influenced by labour, manure, chemical fertilizer, land area, number of plants produced dan farmer education. Performance marketing of cocoa in Kabupaten Padang Pariaman is inefficient. It is based on margin indicators and farmer share. According to result number of fertilizer and plants produced need to optimalize in order to increased cocoa production. Bargaining power of cocoa farmers need to increased by optimalize farmer association.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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