Judul: Amplification of p72 Gene  Coding (B646L) for African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in Pigs’ Organs Using  Polymerase Reaction (PCR) Technique
Abstrak: African Swine Fever (ASF) merupakan penyakit hemoragik yang disebabkan oleh infeksi African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) pada berbagai spesies babi. ASF memiliki tingkat mortalitas dan penyebaran yang tinggi. Gejala klinis yang ditunjukkan ASF umum ditemukan pada penyakit hemoragik babi, seperti Classical Swine Fever (CSF). Untuk memastikan ASF, perlu dikonfirmasi melalui uji laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari teknik deteksi molekuler ASFV berbasis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) pada hati, ginjal, dan paru-paru babi asal Kecamatan Barong Tongkok, Kabupaten Kutai Barat. Hasil ekstraksi deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) virus dari tiap sampel organ digunakan sebagai cetakan pada prosedur PCR menggunakan primer PPA-1 dan PPA-2. Kedua primer tersebut menggandakan segmen gen pengode p72 (B646L) sepanjang 257 base pairs (bp). Pembacaan produk PCR dilakukan dengan teknik elektroforesis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terbentuknya pita berukuran 257 bp pada produk PCR tiap organ. Disimpulkan pada tiap organ terdeteksi ASFV, sehingga babi tersebut dapat dinyatakan positif ASF.
Keyword: African Swine Fever, pig, polymerase chain reaction, p72

Judul: Molecular Characterization and Phylogenetic Study of African Swine Fever Virus in North Sumatra Outbreaks during 2019 – 2023
Abstrak: African swine fever (ASF) merupakan penyakit virus yang menyebabkan demam hemoragik pada babi domestik dan babi liar di dunia. Kasus pertama ASF di Indonesia dilaporkan pada Provinsi Sumatera Utara bulan September 2019. Sebanyak 20 sampel arsip positif ASF hasil koleksi Balai Veteriner Medan selama investigasi wabah berlangsung selama tahun 2019 sampai 2023, digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Gen B646L parsial (p72), sekuen penuh gen E183L (p54) dan wilayah variabel pusat (CVR) dari gen B602L diamplifikasi, dimurnikan, kemudian dilakukan sekuensing. Program BLAST berbasis web dan perangkat lunak MEGA 7? digunakan untuk menganalisis hasil sekuensing nukleotida. Hasil analisis karakterisasi molekuler dan filogenetik menunjukkan bahwa virus ASF yang menginfeksi babi di Provinsi Sumatera Utara tahun 2019-2023 termasuk dalam genotipe II. Analisis ketiga gen (B646L, E183L dan B602L) tidak menunjukkan perubahan sekuen nukleotida dan asam amino pada isolat dalam 5 tahun terakhir. Analisis gen B646L dan gen E183L menunjukkan bahwa strain virus ASF ini termasuk dalam genotipe II. Tidak ada varian baru yang ditemukan pada CVR gen B602L. Analisis CVR menunjukkan bahwa virus ASF ini termasuk dalam subkelompok XXXII. Hasil penelitian ini mengungkapkan bahwa virus ASF di Provinsi Sumatera Utara memiliki homologi yang tinggi dengan isolat virus ASF yang terdeteksi sebelumnya di negara Georgia, China, Vietnam dan Timor Leste., African swine fever (ASF) is a viral disease that causes hemorrhagic fever in domestic pigs and wild swine worldwide. The first case of ASF in Indonesia was reported in North Sumatra Province in September 2019. A total of 20 archival samples of positive ASF collected from the Animal Disease Investigation Center of Medan during the outbreak investigation took place from 2019 to 2023, were used in this study. The partial B646L gene (p72), the full sequence of the E183L gene (p54) and the central variable region (CVR) of the B602L gene were amplified, purified, then sequenced. Web-based BLAST program and MEGA XI software were used to analyze the nucleotide sequencing results. The results of molecular and phylogenetic characterization analysis revealed that the ASF virus that infected pigs in North Sumatra Province in 2019-2023 belonged to genotype II. Analysis of the three genes (B646L, E183L and B602L) did not indicate changes in the nucleotide and amino acid sequences in the isolates in the past 5 years. Analysis of the B646L, E183L genes showed that these ASF virus strains belonged to genotype II. No novel variants were found in the CVR gene B602L. CVR analysis showed that these ASF virus strains belonged to subgroup XXXII. The results of this study reveal that the ASF virus in North Sumatra Province has high homology with ASF virus isolates previously detected in Georgia, China, Vietnam and East Leste.
Keyword: African swine fever, Karakterisasi molekuler, Studi filogenetik, sumatera utara

Judul: Kekonsistenan Hamiltonian pada Gerak Gelombang Interfacial
Abstrak: The interfacial wave is an internal wave that occurs at boundary of two layers fluid. It appears because there is difference of mass density between the two layers. The objective of this thesis is to formulate the motion of internal wave with flat base and flat as well as free upper bound surface. The motion equation obtained is a Hamiltonian system. The Hamiltonian in this system is expressed by variable of wave deviation and horizontal component of potential velocity. Under assumption that interfacial wave moves only in one direction, it can be shown that the Hamiltonian depends on the solution of the wave motion equation. The coefficients of the equation depend on the physical characteristics of the two layers of fluid, i.e. thickness and mass density. The numerical results show that Hamiltonian in the system is constant. It is consistent with Hamiltonian characteristic, which does not depend on time.
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