Judul: Pemanfaatan surimi ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) dalam pembuatan sosis rasa sapi dengan penambahan isolat protein kedelai
Abstrak: Ikan sebagai salah satu sumber protein hewani mengandung semua jenis asam amino essensial yang diperlukan oleh tubuh manusia. Berbagai upaya perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan konsumsi ikan, salah satunya dengan diversifikasi pengolahan hasil perikanan. Pemanfaatan ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) sebagai bahan pangan sumber protein diharapkan mampu mengubah pola makan masyarakat yang masih rendah terhadap konsumsi ikan. Penambahan isolat protein kedelai yang tepat diharapkan mampu menghasilkan sosis ikan yang dapat diterima oleh masyarakat secara luas. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap, yaitu penelitian pendahuluan meliputi tahap pencucian daging lumat, sedangkan pada penelitian utama yaitu penambahan konsentrasi isolat protein kedelai pada sosis ikan. Konsentrasi isolat protein kedelai yang digunakan yaitu 10%; 13%; 16% dan 19% (b/b). Karakteristik sosis ikan yang dievaluasi meliputi analisis fisik, uji sensori, analisis kimia dan mikrobiologi.
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Judul: Karakteristik sosis rasa ayam dari surimi ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) dengan penambahan isolat protein kedelai
Abstrak: Sosis merupakan salah satu produk diversifikasi olahan pangan digemari oleh semua lapisan masyarakat. Ikan lele dumbo (Clarias gariepinus) saat ini cukup potensial untuk dimanfaatkan dan diolah. Sebagian masyarakat tidak menyukai lele dumbo karena bau amis. Oleh karena itu sosis ikan lele dumbo ini dibuat dengan penambahan perasa ayam. Komponen lain yang ditambahkan yaitu isolat protein kedelai (IPK), berfungsi sebagai bahan pengikat dan pengisi untuk menggantikan kandungan protein pada sosis ikan yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat produk diversifikasi olahan dari ikan lele dumbo dalam bentuk sosis, menemukan konsentrasi isolat protein kedelai (IPK) untuk menghasilkan sosis ikan terpilih, menganalisis karakteristik fisik dan nilai gizi yang terkandung dalam sosis ikan lele dumbo dan membandingkan sosis ikan lele dumbo dengan sosis komersial.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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