Judul: Literature Study on the Synthesis of Fatty Acid Ester of Hydroxy Fatty Acid (FAHFA) and Their Characterizations
Abstrak: Senyawa fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) merupakan senyawa turunan lipid yang ditemukan pada tahun 2014 dalam jaringan adiposa mencit. Struktur dari senyawa yang diketahui memiliki aktivitas antidiabetes dan antiinflamasi tersebut terdiri atas rantai asam lemak dan hidroksi asam lemak. Sintesis berbagai kelompok senyawa FAHFA telah banyak diupayakan. Material awal yang dapat digunakan dalam jalur sintesis senyawa tersebut antara lain senyawa aldehida, epiklorohidrin, bentuk enol dan alkuna, α,ω-diol, dan metil ester asam lemak. Material awal perlu dipilih berdasarkan kelompok dan jenis regioisomer dari senyawa FAHFA yang akan disintesis. Hasil karakterisasi senyawa menggunakan spektroskopi inframerah dan resonans magnetik inti menunjukkan sinyal khas dari gugus karboksilat serta ikatan ester yang menghubungkan dua rantai asam lemak penyusun. Sinyal khas lain yang berasal dari gugus olefin terdapat pada senyawa FAHFA dengan rantai takjenuh., The fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acid (FAHFA) compound is a lipid derivative compound that was discovered in 2014 in the adipose tissue of mice. The structure of the compound which is known to have antidiabetic and anti-inflammatory activity consists of fatty acid and hydroxy fatty acid chains. Many attempts have been made to synthesize various groups of FAHFA compounds. The starting materials that can be used in the synthesis pathway of these compounds include aldehydes, epichlorohydrin, enol, and alkyne forms, diols, and fatty acid methyl esters. The starting material needs to be selected based on the group and type of regioisomer of the FAHFA compound to be synthesized. The results of the characterization of compounds using infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance showed a typical signal from the carboxylate group and the ester bond connecting the two constituent fatty acid chains. Another characteristic signal from the olefin group is found in FAHFA compounds with unsaturated chains
Keyword: FAHFA, fatty acid ester of hydroxy fatty acid, lipid, synthesis

Judul: SINTESIS SURFAKTAN ALKANOLAMIDA (FADEA) BERBASIS REFINED BLEACHED DEODORIZED PALM OIL (RBDPO) DAN DIETANOLAMINA DENGAN TEKNIK MIKROGELOMBANG
Abstrak: RIZKY BAGUS SAJIWO. Sintesis Surfaktan Alkanolamida (FADEA) Berbasis Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) dan Dietanolamina dengan Teknik Mikrogelombang. Dibimbing oleh MOHAMMAD KHOTIB dan HENNY PURWANINGSIH. Indonesia dikenal sebagai produsen minyak sawit terbesar kedua di dunia. Salah satu produk turunan kelapa sawit, yaitu refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) yang dapat disintesis menjadi surfaktan asam lemak dietanolamida (FADEA). Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan surfaktan asam lemak dietanolamida (FADEA) dari RBDPO dan dietanolamina dengan teknik sintesis berbantuan mikrogelombang serta karakteristik dan kinerjanya sebagai pembusa. Hasil Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) menunjukkan bahwa sintesis FADEA telah berhasil. Namun, spektrum FTIR FADEA yang disintesis pada waktu 15 menit masih terdapat puncak serapan dari ester yang menunjukkan bahwa sintesis belum berjalan sempurna. Sampel FADEA memiliki nilai asam lemak bebas dan pH yang sesuai dengan FADEA komersil. Namun, nilai dari amina bebas dan total amida tidak memenuhi nilai standar FADEA komersil berdasarkan spesifikasi Texas No. 180-54-02B. Uji busa dilakukan pada ketiga sampel FADEA yang menghasilkan persentase stabilitas busa sebesar 87−100%. Uji emulsi menunjukkan bahwa emulsi FADEA bertipe w/o., RIZKY BAGUS SAJIWO. Synthesis of Alkanolamide Surfactant (FADEA) From Refined Bleached Deodorized Palm Oil (RBDPO) and Diethanolamine Using Microwave Technique. Supervised by MOHAMMAD KHOTIB and HENNY PURWANINGSIH. Indonesia is known as the second largest palm oil producer in the world. One of the palm oil derivative products, namely refined bleached deodorized palm oil (RBDPO) which can be synthesized into diethanolamide fatty acid surfactant (FADEA). This study aims to obtain diethanolamide fatty acids (FADEA) using microwave techniques with various times of 15, 20, and 25 minutes. The results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the synthesis of FADEA was successful. However, the FTIR spectrum of FADEA which was synthesized at 15 minutes still had an absorption peak from the ester indicating that the synthesis was not running perfectly. FADEA samples had free fatty acid values and pH in accordance with commercial FADEA. However, the values of free amine and total amide did not meet commercial FADEA standards based on Texas specification No. 180-54-02B. The foam test was carried out on the three FADEA samples which resulted in a foam stability percentage of 87−100%. The emulsion test showed that the FADEA emulsion was w/o type.
Keyword: diethanolamine, FADEA, microwave, RBDPO

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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