Judul: Effect of Supplementation Chaya (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) Leave Extract on the Growth Performance of Quail Starter Phase.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya jepang (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) melalui air minum terhadap performa pertumbuhan puyuh pada fase starter. Ternak yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah 300 ekor DOQ yang dipelihara selama fase starter yaitu 3 minggu. Pakan yang diberikan adalah pakan komersil dari PT. Sinta Feedmill, BR-21E. Ekstrak daun pepaya jepang dibuat dengan metode infusa yang kemudian diberikan melalui air minum. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri atas P0 = air minum yang tidak diberi tambahan apapun; P1 = Air minum yang ditambah dengan Vita Chicks dengan konsentrasi sesuai yang tertera dalam label; P2 = air minum dengan konsentrasi ekstrak pepaya jepang 2,5%; dan P3 = air minum dengan konsentrasi ekstrak pepaya jepang 5%. Peubah yang diamati terdiri dari konsumsi air minum, konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, dan mortalitas. Data dianalisis dengan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan apabila terdapat hasil yang berbeda nyata maka dilakukan lanjut dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya jepang melalui air minum tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan (P>0,05) terhadap performa pertumbuhan puyuh pada fase starter yang terdiri dari konsumsi air minum, konsumsi pakan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan dan mortalitas. Hal ini diduga karena frekuensi pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya jepang yang hanya diberikan sebanyak 2 kali dalam seminggu. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ekstrak daun pepaya jepang melalui air minum dengan konsentrasi 2,5% dan 5% tidak berpengaruh terhadap performa pertumbuhan puyuh starter., This study aimed to analyze the effect of adding chaya leaf extract (Cnidoscolus aconitifolius) through drinking water on the growth performance of quails in the starter phase. This study used 300 DOQ which were reared during the starter phase of 3 weeks. The feed given is commercial feed from PT Sinta Feedmill, BR-21E. Chaya leaf extract is made by infusion method which is given through drinking water. The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 replications. The treatment consisted P0 = drinking which was not given any addition; P1 = drinking water added with Vita Chicks with the concentration as stated on the label; P2 = drinking water with concentration 2.5% of chaya leaf extract; and P3 = drinking water with concentration 5% of chaya leaf extract. Parameters observed included drinking water, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and mortality. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and if there were significantly different results, further Duncan’s test was carried out. The results showed that the adding of chaya leaf extract through drinking water did not have significant effect (P>0.05) on the growth performance of quails in the starter phase consisting of drinking water consumption, feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion, and mortality. This is presumably because chaya leaf extract is only 2 times a week. It was concluded that presenting chaya leaf extract through drinking water with a concentration of 2.5% and 5% had no effect on the growth performance of quail’s starter phase.
Keyword: chaya leaf extract, growth performance, quail starter phase

Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Pepaya (Carica papaya L.) untuk Meningkatkan Performa Puyuh Periode Pertumbuhan
Abstrak: Papaya leaves have bioactive that can used to increase quail performance. This research examine the effect of various level of papaya leaves extract to see performance of quail on growth period. This research using day-two-quail as much as 320 quails and maintained for 5 weeks. Feed (21.42% CP, 3739 kkal energy) was given ad libitum. Papaya leaves extract made by boiling for 30 minutes (1 kg dry papaya leaves with 5 L water) and given in every morning and water were given ad libitum. Treatments consisted of R0= Vitachick, R1= 2.5 ml, R2= 5.0 ml and R3= 7.5 ml quail-1day-1 papaya leaves extract were arranged in Randomized Completely Design (RCD) with four replication. Variable that used in this research were clearing zone, quail performance and E. coli in quail excreta. The result of clearing zone extract can block S. typhimurium. Extract that given in quail growth period (0-5 weeks) with 2.5-7.5 ml doses can not influence the performance (feed intake, feed conversion, body weight gain, water intake, mortality and carcass). So the using of papaya leaves extract can substitute Vitachick in water and decrease the population of E. coli in quail excreta within 5 weeks old (qualitative).
Keyword: E. coli, papaya leaves extract, quail performance, S. typhimurium

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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