Judul: Kajian kesesuaian mutu produk produk formula bayi di Pasar Indonesia dengan Standar Nasional Indonesia dan Standar Codex Alimentarius:
Abstrak: Pemberian pangan yang memadai bagi bayi bertujuan untuk memberikan peningkatan pertumbuhan yang normal, perkembangan otak yang optimum, dan pencegahan penyakit selama tahun pertama kehidupannya. Formula bayi merupakan salah satu bentuk pangan bagi bayi selain Air Susu Ibu (ASI). Pemerintah menetapkan Standar Nasional Indonesia Pengganti Air Susu Ibu (SNI 01-3955-1995) yang bersifat sukarela. Sebagai acuan internasional Codex Alimentarius Commission telah menetapkan Standar Codex tentang Infant Formula and Formulas for Special Medical Purposes Intended for Infants (Codex Stan 72 – 1981 Rev. 2007) dan Standar Codex tentang Code of Hygienic Practice for Powdered Formulae for Infants and Young Children (CAC/RCP 66 - 2008). Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan RI (Badan POM RI) sebagai otoritas yang berwenang untuk mengawasi mutu formula bayi menetapkan beberapa regulasi teknis yang wajib dipenuhi oleh produk formula bayi sebelum diedarkan di pasar Indonesia. Regulasi teknis ini berbeda dengan SNI dan Standar Codex. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memperoleh peta kesesuaian karakteristik mutu produk formula bayi di pasar Indonesia dan mengevaluasi kesesuaian produk formula bayi terhadap persyaratan SNI dan Standar Codex. Sehingga diperoleh jumlah produk yang sesuai terhadap SNI dan Standar Codex. Data yang dianalisis diambil dari dokumen terkait formula bayi terdaftar di Badan POM RI dari tahun 2004-2008.
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Judul: Kajian Kesesuaian Produk Makanan Pendamping Air Susu Ibu (MP-ASI) terhadap Standar Nasional Indonesia dan Kontribusi terhadap Kecukupan Gizi Bayi/Anak
Abstrak: Formulated complementary foods have an important role on the nutritional status of infant/young children. Indonesia has enacted four standard (SNI) related to the formulated complementary foods which are instant powder, biscuit, ready to be consumed and ready to be prepared form. According to the Government Regulation, SNI is voluntarily implemented but it could be mandatory with respect to the consumer safety, security, health, environment and/or economic consideration. The objectives of this study were : (a) to review nutrient content declared on the label of registered complementary foods compared with the SNI, (b) to review the percentage of Recommended Daily Allowance declared on the label compared to the nutrition need of infant/young children, (c) to understand the consumer concern on the label and consumption pattern of infant/young children and (d) to review the contribution of formulated complementary foods on nutrition need of infant and young children. Data collected include references, regulations and standards related to complementary feeding, survey result, label of registered complementary foods. The study showed that the percentage of complementary foods which did not meet the level of certain nutrient required by the standard for the local instant powder, imported instant powder, biscuit and ready to be prepared form were 32 %, 87 %, 67 %, and 100 % respectively. Whereas, the percentage of complementary foods which did not meet overall nutrient requirements stated on the standard, either nutrient that should be contained therein or voluntarily added, for the local instant powder, imported instant powder, biscuit and ready to be prepared form were 68 %, 100 %, 73 %, and 100 %, respectively. Serving size of complementary foods compared to the reference amounts for the local instant powder, imported instant powder, biscuit and ready to prepared form were 100 – 333 %, 213 – 313 %, 257 – 743 % and 100 – 163 %, respectively. Survey result showed that 28 % infant and young children consumed the complementary food instant powder and the frequency of consumption was 2,7 times per day. Biscuit was consumed by 44 % infant and young children and the frequency of consumption was 1,6 times per day. Infant and young children need some nutrients such as energy, protein, fat, linoleic acid, carbohydrate, beta carotene total carotene folic acid, potassium, sodium, phosphor, magnesium, zinc, selenium and iodine from other sources to fulfill the recommended daily intake.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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