Judul: The Impact of The Covid-19 Pandemic and Other Determinants on Unemployment in Banten Province
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda Indonesia menyebabkan banyak korban jiwa, sehingga pemerintah melakukan kebijakan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) untuk menghindari penyebaran virus yang semakin luas. Namun akibat dari kebijakan tersebut, aktivitas masyarakat menjadi sangat terbatas sehingga permintaan dan perputaran uang menjadi tidak berjalan normal seperti biasanya. Hal itu berujung dengan meningkatnya pengangguran di Indonesia khususnya pada Provinsi Banten. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 dan determinan lainnya terhadap pengangguran di Provinsi Banten. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah regresi data panel menggunakan pendekatan Random Effect Model (REM) dengan objek penelitian berupa 8 kabupaten/kota yang ada di Provinsi Banten dan rentang waktu tahun 2017-2022. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa upah minimum kabupaten/kota, jumlah angkatan kerja, produk domestik regional bruto berpengaruh dalam meningkatkan pengangguran di Provinsi Banten. Sedangkan rata-rata lama sekolah dan tingkat partisipasi angkatan kerja berpengaruh dalam menurunkan pengangguran di Provinsi Banten. Selain itu, pandemi Covid-19 memberikan perbedaan lebih tinggi terhadap pengangguran di Provinsi Banten.
Keyword: Banten, Covid-19 pandemic, panel data regression, unemployment

Judul: Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Open Unemployment Rate and Income Inequality in Indonesia
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda dunia termasuk Indonesia mendorong pemerintah Indonesia menerapkan kebijakan PSBB. Kebijakan ini membatasi aktivitas sosial ekonomi masyarakat sehingga berdampak pada keberlangsungan pekerjaan hingga penurunan pendapatan pekerja. Hal tersebut mengakibatkan Tingkat Pengangguran Terbuka (TPT) dan rasio gini Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan keadaan TPT dan ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia sebelum dan saat pandemi Covid-19 serta menganalisis dampak pandemi Covid-19 dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi TPT dan ketimpangan pendapatan terhadap TPT dan ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memakai metode analisis deskriptif dan analisis regresi data panel statis 34 provinsi selama rentang waktu 2020-2021 yang terdiri dari empat model, dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM) dan Random Effect Model (REM). Hasil estimasi data panel menunjukkan bahwa kasus positif Covid-19, PDRB, dan rata-rata lama sekolah memengaruhi secara positif dan signifikan terhadap TPT, sedangkan IPM memengaruhi secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap TPT. Sementara itu, kasus positif Covid-19 dan PDRB per kapita memengaruhi secara negatif dan signifikan terhadap ketimpangan pendapatan., The Covid-19 pandemic that has hit the world, including Indonesia, has prompted the Indonesian government to implement the PSBB policy. This policy limits the socio- economic activities of the community so that it has an impact on the continuity of work to a decrease in workers' income. This causes the Open Unemployment Rate (TPT) and Indonesia's Gini ratio to increase. This study aims to explain the condition of TPT and income inequality in Indonesia before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and analyze the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic and the factors that affect TPT and income inequality on TPT and income inequality in Indonesia. This study uses descriptive analysis methods and static panel data regression analysis of 34 provinces during the 2020-2021 time span which consists of four models, with Fixed Effect Model (FEM) and Random Effect Model (REM) approaches. The results of the panel data estimation show that positive cases of Covid-19, GRDP, and average length of schooling have a positive and significant impact on TPT, while HDI has a negative and significant impact on TPT. Meanwhile, positive cases of Covid-19 and GRDP per capita have a negative and significant impact on income inequality.
Keyword: Covid-19 Pandemic, Income Inequality, Indonesia, Panel Data, Open Unemployment Rate

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell