Judul: Land Use Change and Its Impact to Water Availability
Abstrak: One of the most important issues in watershed management is the use of land, especially in the upstream catchment area. People effort to fulfill their ends meet can cause land conversion. As a result of the land conversion, the Cimanuk River condition seems quite apprehensive in the last two decades. Environmental degradation in Cimanuk watershed in both the upstream and downstream has a heavy impact to the availability of water resources in Cimanuk River. In relation to this fact, an in-depth study on land use change in Upper stream of Cimanuk Watersheds and its dynamics need to be conducted. Particularly, the impact of land use change on water availability. This research purpose is to forecast the future of land use changes (using M-CA) and assess the impact of the predicted land use changes on water availability in Upper stream of Cimanuk Watershed (using SWAT).
Keyword: Land Use Change, Hydrology Model, Marcov-Cellular Automata (M-CA), SWAT, Watershed management, River condition, Hydrology process, Statistical analysis

Judul: Evaluation Land Use Changes and The Effect on The Hydrological Characteristics of the Upper Citarum Watershed
Abstrak: Currently mayority of watersheds in Indonesia have suffered a lot of decreased function in maintaining water availability and environmental health, one of which is citarum watershed. Land use changes in the Citarum watershed are very intensive, especially in the upstream part. The upstream watershed plays an important role as a water absorbtion area and a buffer zone for the downstream area. The research was conducted in the upper Citarum watershed covering an area of 175,158.9 hectares with the outlet at Nanjung stream monitoring station, which aims to analyze land use changes on hydrological characteristics in the upper Citarum watershed, and formulate land use direction in the upper Citarum watershed that are able to preserve the hydrological function of the watershed. The research were devided to; (1) visual interpretation of SPOT image data; (2) analysis of land use changes; (3) hydrological response analysis of river discharge; (4) analysis of the effect of land use changes on river discharge; (5) analysis of the suitability of upper citarum watershed spatial pattern to spatial plans of West Java. Spot image interpretation can be done well as shown by the Overall Accuracy (OA) coefficient of 93.33% and Kappa Accuracy (KA) of 90.6%. The results of the analysis of the map of land use changes in the upper Citarum watershed in the period 2009 - 2018 showed an increase in vacant land (+95%), developed land (39.7%), rice field (+13%), and plantations (+6.4%). The increase was accompanied by a decrease in bushland (-60%), rice fields (-17.4%), and forests (-5.5%). The percentage of suitability of the existing land is 59.6% suitable and 40.7% not in accordance with the spatial pattern of the West Java spatial plans. The results of hydrological response evaluation show that the Ciwidey, Cisangkuy, and Cihaur sub-watersheds are classified as first priority to be restored it’s hydological response entirely. Second Priority is Cirasea, Cikeruh, and Cikapundung sub-watersheds, where efforts to restore hydrological response are gradual. Where as the Citarik sub-watershed is classified as third priority that the hydrological conditions must be maintained. The application of land conservation that combines vegetative and physical conservation is aimed at types of land use that do not match the area's spatial pattern. The management and utilization of agricultural and plantation land by applying agroforestry systems, intercropping and terracing along with the application of a zero runoff system in built-up land is expected to improve the hydrological response of the Upper Citarum Watershed.
Keyword: hidrological response, land use changes, upper Citarum watershed, hidrological response, land use changes, upper Citarum watershed

Judul: Production of Yolk Immunoglobulin Anti-Excretory/Secretory (E/S) of Fasciola gigantica to Laying Hens
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari metode produksi antibodi antiekskretori/ sekretori (E/S) Fasciola gigantica pada ayam petelur. 10 ekor ayam dibagi atas 2 kelompok, setiap kelompok terdiri dari 5 ekor ayam. Kelompok pertama diimunisasikan dengan antigen E/S Fasciola gigantica asal kerbau dan kelompok ke-2 diimunisasikan dengan antigen E/S Fasciola gigantica asal domba. Dosis imunisasi tersebut sebanyak 150 μg/ekor. Minggu pertama imunisasi dilakukan melalui intravena tanpa adjuvant. Satu minggu setelahnya (minggu kedua), semua ayam diinjeksikan antigen kombinasi dengan adjuvant komplet dengan perbandingan 1:1 melalui subkutan. Minggu ke-3 hingga minggu ke-6 semua ayam diimunisasi dengan mengkombinasikan antigen dengan adjuvant inkomplet. Telur di koleksi setiap hari. Serum dan kuning telur di uji agar gel presipitation (AGPT) untuk mendeteksi ada atau tidaknya antibodi yang terbentuk. Hasil AGPT menunjukkan bahwa ayam yang diimunisasi dengan antigen asal kerbau lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan ayam yang diimunisasi dengan antigen asal domba. Ayam yang diimunisasikan dengan dengan E/S F.gigantica asal kerbau, antibodi pada serum dan kuning telur ditemukan berturutturut pada minggu ke-9 dan ke-10 setelah imunisasi pertama. Berbeda dengan ayam yang diimunisasikan dengan dengan E/S F.gigantica asal domba, antibodi pada serum dan kunig telur ditemukan berturut-turut pada minggu ke-10 dan ke- 11 setelah imunisasi pertama.
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