Judul: Interaksi Kakek/Nenek dengan Cucu dan Hubungannya dengan Gejala Stres
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik interaksi antargenerasi antara kakek/nenek dan cucu, kualitas perkembangan kakek/nenek, gejala stres kakek/nenek, dan korelasi antar variabel penelitian. Penelitian ini berlokasi di Kelurahan Sidowayah, Kecamatan Rembang, Kabupaten Rembang dan melibatkan 30 kakek dan 30 nenek yang memiliki cucu usia sekolah yang dipilih dengan metode snowball rolling. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan teknik wawancara dengan kuesioner. Kualitas perkembangan kakek/nenek diukur dengan Skala Tiga Dimensi Kebijaksanaan (3D-WS) yang terdiri dari kognitif, reflektif, dan afektif. Tipe interaksi antargenerasi terdiri formal, pencari kesenangan, orang tua pengganti, pemelihara nilai kebijakan dalam keluarga, dan tidak akrab. Peran antargenerasi terdiri dari keberlanjutan generasi, pemenuhan kepuasan emosi, penyedia sumber daya, teladan prestasi, dan asing. Gejala stres mencakup dimensi fisik dan psikologis. Data dianalisis dengan analisis deskriptif, uji independen t-test, dan korelasi. Dimensi kognitif dan reflektif kakek memiliki skor lebih tinggi dibandingkan nenek. Tipe formal, pencari kesenangan, dan tidak akrab memiliki perbedaan antara kakek dan nenek. Pendidikan kakek/nenek berhubungan positif signifikan dengan tipe interaksi formal dan pencari kesenangan. Usia ayah dan ibu cucu berhubungan positif signifikan dengan tipe interaksi tidak akrab. Gejala stres psikologis dan total gejala stres berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan pendapatan per kapita kakek/nenek. Gejala stres fisik dan total gejala stres berhubungan negatif signifikan dengan peran asing.
Keyword: Grandparent, Intergenerational Interaction, Quality of Grandparents Development, School-Aged Grandchildren, Symptoms of Stress

Judul: Penerapan Nilai-nilai Keluarga, Gaya Pengasuhan Nenek, dan Kemandirian Cucu Usia Sekolah
Abstrak: Penerapan nilai-nilai keluarga dan gaya pengasuhan nenek mengacu pada grandparent coparenting yang berdampak terhadap kemandirian cucu usia sekolah. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penerapan nilai-nilai keluarga dan gaya pengasuhan nenek terhadap kemandirian cucu usia sekolah. Lokasi penelitian di Kelurahan Pasirlayung, Kota Bandung dengan melibatkan 30 nenek dengan cucu laki-laki dan 30 nenek dengan cucu perempuan yang dipilih menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data diperoleh melalui wawancara dan observasi pada bulan April 2021. Rata-rata usia nenek dan usia cucu, yaitu 61 tahun dan 6,8 tahun. Dimensi berbakti pada nilai-nilai keluarga dan seluruh dimensi kemandirian cucu perempuan lebih tinggi daripada cucu laki-laki. Uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa semakin muda usia cucu, maka semakin sering gaya pengasuhan permisif dan semakin tidak bisanya kemandirian cucu. Semakin sering penerapan nilai-nilai keluarga, semakin sering pula gaya pengasuhan otoritatif dan semakin bisanyakemandirian cucu. Uji pengaruh menunjukkan bahwa semakin tua usia cucu, semakin sering gaya pengasuhan otoriter, dan semakin jarang gaya pengasuhan pengabaian maka semakin bisanya kemandirian cucu., The application of family values and grandmother's parenting style refers to grandparent coparenting which has an impact on the independence of school-age grandchildren. This study aims to determine the effect of applied family values and grandmother's parenting style on the independence of school-age grandchildren. The research location was in Pasirlayung Village, Bandung City, involving 30 grandmothers with grandsons and 30 grandmothers with granddaughters who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were obtained through interviews and observations in April 2021. The average age of grandmother and grandchildren was 61 years and 6,8 years. The dimensions of filial piety in family values and all dimensions of independence of granddaughters are higher than that of grandsons. The relationship test showed that the younger the grandchildren's age, the higher the permissive parenting style and the lower the independence of the grandchildren. The higher the family values, the higher the authoritative parenting style and independence of grandchildren. The effect test showed that the older the grandchild, the higher the authoritarian parenting style, and the lower the neglect parenting style, the higher the independence of the grandchildren.
Keyword: family values, grandmother’s parenting style, independence of school age children

Judul: Application of phycocyanin from microalgae Spirulina platensis as light harvesting in anatase TiO2 nanoparticle solar cell.
Abstrak: The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been assemblied used hybrid titanium oxide (TiO2) film/phycocyanin. The TiO2 film was synthesized by sol gel method with titanium chlorida (TiCl4) as precursor by hydrolysis used sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Furthermore, it calcinated for 2,5 hours in variation of annealing temperature (400oC, 600oC, 800oC, dan 1000oC). In XRD patterns exhibited which annealing temperature at 400oC to 800oC were anatase phase all. When annealed at temperature 1000oC, it caused phase transformation from anatase to rutile. The crystals size according to XRD patterns were 13,75 nm, 20,79 nm, 25,25 nm, 48,88 nm and particle size from SEM images were 43,06 nm, 44,91 nm dan 64,99 nm, 80,40 nm, respectively. The crystals and particle size increased with annealing temperature. The film thickness influenced material absorption. The optical measurement of TiO2 film and TiO2/phycocyanin hybrid film used UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Additional phycocyanin caused peak width of absorbed region from ultraviolet to visible region. The band gap energy of TiO2 can be calculated using the cut off wavelength obtained from the absorbance spectrum of a nanoparticles TiO2 films. Based on intersection between linear and energy (hv) axis. In this study just limited for anatase phase. It was caused anatase band gap is wider than rutile phase. That’s meaningful for solar cell application such as dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The absorption coefficient average at difference annealing temperature such as at 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 8,1600x102, 1,7535x103 and 4,0154x102, where α < 104 include to direct transition. Band gap energy 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 3,79 eV, 3,59 eV, and 3,35 eV, respectively. Based on this result, exhibition that band gap energy of TiO2 semiconductor film decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Spirulina platensis was cultivated in technical modification (Hastuti) with aeration under light intensity about 3000 lux. The cell density (stationer phase) for eighth day which OD value was more than 0,5. It means, the culture can be harvested. In 80 liters Spirulina platensis culture have been produced biomass dry about 10,46 gram and extracted phycocyanin in dry powders was 5,50 gram. The phycocyanin absorption spectrum at the wavelength of 619,36 nm (visible region) which had relaxation energy was 2,945 eV. The emission peak at the wavelength of 708,55 nm with relaxation energy about 2,793 eV. The Stokes shift based on difference energy absorption and emission calculated about 0,152 eV. Both of this showed phycocyanin can absorbed and radiated the sun light which received. This choice characteristic pigment was a good one related to sensitizer in solar cell application. Integration between light harvesting protein and TiO2 semiconductor surface had important role in improving of output as solar cell materials. The presence of carboxylate group (-COOH) made pigment be more efficient was due to anchored to the surface of TiO2 ampoter. The phycocyanin pigment had carboxylate group which reacted with TiO2 surface formed ester. The carboxylate group increased of dye electronics couple from excited state (p anti bonding orbital) to semiconductor acceptor state (TiO2 conduction band). The samples which made based on annealing temperature variation formed be solar cell respectively. Furthermore, cells be assembled for
Keyword: anatase, dye sensitized solar cell, efficiency, gap energy, phycocyanin