Judul: Effect of Monday-Thursday Fasting on Working Memory of Adult Human
Abstrak: Human being performs complex mental processes which include memory. In daily life memory is used in a dynamic system called working memory. Working memory is a system and process that holds and manipulates information temporarily in the brain. To perform memory task, human brain needs sufficient glucose pertaining to its energy demand. Fasting is a condition when there is no glucose intake to the body temporarily. Previous study shows that fasting gave positive effect on working memory of teenagers but gave no effect on college students. Present study aims to find out whether or not fasting influence memory performance of adult human. Visual working memory of each subject was tested using Delayed Matching To Sample (DMS) task. This test was done in fasting and non-fasting condition. Data were analyzed using Linear Model implemented in stat package of R program. Result shows that fasting did not affect memory performance both in reaction time and accomplished level. The absence of any effect is due to homeostasis system in the body. Learning effect and habituation are more considered to affect working memory performance.
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Judul: Effect of Monday-Thursday Fasting on Cognitive Function of Teenager
Abstrak: Cognitive function consists many aspects, one of them is memory. Memory is a complex cognitive function that allows the recording, maintenance, and utilization of new information. Memory can be distinguished into two types: short-term memory and long-term memory. One part of short-term memory is the working memory. All the function takes place in human brain which requires large amount of energy which came from glucose degradation of daily food. A recent study shows there is no effect of fasting on cognitive function of university student, but there is no current data about teenager. So, the objective of this research is to find whether fasting influences performance on memory task of teenager. Sequential Probe Delayed Matching to Sample (SPDMS) task was selected as a memory task, which subjects was ordered to perform a test in two conditions: fasting and no fasting. Data was analyzed by ANOVA implemented in R statistical program. The result shows that fasting affected working memory task. Task performances got better under fasting condition, possibly because the effect of stress on subjects performances. There were also influences from sex difference due to male’s brain advantage in spatial skill which is necessary for SPDMS task. Learning process from previous session also gave influence, but the effect was small. It is due to the efficiency of human brain to study about new information. In conclusion, fasting was the main factor influencing working memory task, while session and sex difference gave only small.
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Judul: Penyakit kudis pada kelinci ( Scabies ) dan cara penanggulangannya
Abstrak: Salah satu penyakit yang disebabkan oleh parasit terutama ektoparasit pada kelinci yang sering dijumpai adalah penyakit kudis. Kudis merupakan penyakit kulit yang sangat menular yang disebabkan oleh beberapa jenis tungau. Beberapa jenis tungau penyebab kudis yang telah diketahui antara lain Sarcoptes scabiei, Notoedres sp. dan Psoroptes sp. Hewan umur muda, hewan tua yang dipelihara dalam kondisi jelek merupakan faktor-faktor predisposisi bagi infestasi penyakit kudis. Infeksi meluas terutama oleh kontak dengan larva, nympha dan betina yang bunting. Tungau sangat peka terhadap kekeringan dan tidak dapat hidup lama pada hostnya dalam keadaan tersebut. Dalam penyebarannya lebih menyukai bagian tubuh yang tidak ditutupi banyak bulu seperti kepala dan telinga. Gejala klinis yang ditimbulkannya antara lain hewan menampakkan rasa gatal, gelisah dan selalu menggaruk-garuk badannya, kulit merah, menebal, ada exudat, bulu rontok dan kulit menjadi gundul. Apabila kasusnya parah maka hewan bisa mengalami kekurusan, dehidrasi dan akhirnya terjadi Kematian. Diagnosa didasarkan atas gejala klinis. Selain itu untuk lebih meyakinkan diagnosa dilakukan pemeriksaan mikroskopis dari bahan kerokan kulit. Tindakan pencegahan mencakup penempatan hewan di kandang yang bersih dan hangat, memberi makan yang bergizi baik. Untuk pemberantasan populasi tungau diperlukan tindakan isolasi hewan sakit, bulu-bulu atau rambut dicukur kemudian bagian kerak-kerak yang tebal dibersihkan dengan sabun dan air hangat dan dijaga terhadap kontak dengan hewan yang sehat. Obat-obat yang sering digunakan antara lain emulsi belerang, benzyl benzoat, Lindane, Tetmosol, Coumaphos dan Ivermectin.
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