Judul: Penyandian File Teks Menggunakan Algoritma AES (Advanced Encryption Standard)
Abstrak: Perkembangan teknologi dan informatika saat ini sangatlah pesat, sehingga diperlukan adanya kriptografi sebagai upaya pengamanan data. Algoritma Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) termasuk ke dalam sistem kriptografi modern yang simetris. Algoritma AES yang umum dipakai saat ini adalah AES-128, AES-192 dan AES-256. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi tahapan-tahapan algoritma AES baik secara teknis implementasi maupun konsep matematika yang digunakan, serta menerapkan algoritma AES dalam penyandian file teks dan mengukur run-time algoritma tersebut. Algoritma AES diawali dengan mengubah plaintext menjadi sejumlah blok teks berukuran 128 bit, serta melakukan proses key scheduling untuk memperoleh sejumlah round key. Proses enkripsi meliputi AddRoundKey dengan menggunakan round key yang telah diperoleh, ShiftRows, SubBytes dan MixColumn sebanyak beberapa putaran. Proses dekripsi AES merupakan kebalikan dari proses enkripsi. Proses-proses pada algoritma AES terjadi di sebuah lapangan yang disebut Galois Field (GF(2^8)). Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, waktu yang diperlukan untuk mengenkripsi dan dekripsi file meningkat secara linear tergantung pada ukuran file., The current development of technology and informatics has been advanced rapidly, hence the need for cryptography as an effort to secure data. The Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) algorithm belongs to the category of modern symmetric cryptography. The commonly used AES algorithms today are AES-128, AES-192, and AES-256. This research reconstructs the stages of the AES algorithm, both in technical implementation and the mathematical concepts employed. It also applies the AES algorithm in encoding text files and measures the algorithm's run-time. The AES algorithm starts by converting plaintext into a series of text blocks, each sized at 128 bits. It also undergoes a key scheduling process to obtain a set of round keys. The encryption process involves AddRoundKey using the obtained round key, followed by ShiftRows, SubBytes, and MixColumn for several rounds. The decryption process in AES is the reverse of the encryption process. These processes in the AES algorithm occur in a field known as Galois Field (GF(2^8)). Based on the obtained results, the time required for encrypting and decrypting files increases linearly depending on the file size.
Keyword: AES, algorithm, cryptography, Galois Field, security

Judul: Analisis dan Implementasi Algoritme Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) Secara Paralel
Abstrak: AES is an algorithm for symmetric key cryptography. AES is expected to replace Data Encryption Standard (DES) as a recognized standard for various applications. The complexity of AES encryption and decryption process is O(n), it has fast computation in both encryption and decryption but its execution time will increase as the input data increase. In this research the AES algorithm would be parallelized by dividing the data to each processor (domain decomposition) and by dividing the constituent computing of AES to each processor (functional decomposition), and their performance would be analyzed. Parallel implementation of AES algorithm uses Message Passing Interface (MPI). The objectives of this research are to measure and analyze the performance of parallel AES algorithm using performance metrics. The best result of the parallel AES algorithm in this research is in the decryption process using domain decomposition method. A file with 118.525 MB size has 127.227 seconds decryption execution time using sequential AES algorithm, whereas using 16 processors, its decryption execution time is 34.896 seconds. The speedup is 3.646 and the efficiency is 0.228. This result is not good enough because the speedup is not equal to the number of processors used and the efficiency is below one. This is because the AES decryption in this research has a fast computational process, yet it has a big overhead for data communication. The worst result of the parallel AES algorithm is in the decryption process using functional decomposition method. Using the same file and three processors, the decryption execution time is 168.089 seconds. The speedup is 0.755 and the efficiency is 0.252. This is due to the fact that computing process decomposition is not equally distributed among the processes and the use of MPI blocking communication routine which cause a big overhead for data communication. Both parallel algorithms used in this research are not cost-optimal
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Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan