Judul: Estimation of Mangrove Canopy Cover using Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in Indramayu Regency, West Java
Abstrak: Mangrove memiliki peranan penting dalam menjaga ekosistem pesisir. Peranan penting ini mencakup fungsi fisik, fungsi biologi, dan ekonomi. Kabupaten Indramayu merupakan salah satu daerah di pantai utara jawa dengan panjang garis pantai 147 km. Menurunnya tutupan mangrove di Kabupaten Indramayu tidak lepas dari pembukaan lahan untuk tambak sehingga kegiatan monitoring penting untuk melihat kondisi mangrove secara berkelanjutan. Salah satu upaya pemantauan kondisi mangrove dilakukan dengan menggunakan pesawat tanpa awak untuk mengatasi kendala dana dan kesulitan survei lapang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menduga tutupan tajuk mangrove berdasarkan nilai NDVI citra berbasis pesawat tanpa awak (UAV). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Indramayu pada bulan Maret 2021. Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan pesawat tanpa awak (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle / UAV) dengan sensor multispektral (Red, Green, Red Edge dan NIR). Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa model regresi terbaik untuk menduga tutupan tajuk mangrove adalah regresi eksponensial dengan dengan persamaan LAI = 0,1535e1,9458NDVI dengan R2 = 0,636 Model penduga ini dapat digunakan untuk monitoring mangrove secara berkala. Data monitoring yang akurat sangat berguna dalam penyusunan kebijakan dan strategi pengelolaan sebagai upaya mempertahankan juga meningkatkan fungsi dan jasa ekosistem mangrove., Mangroves have an important role in maintaining coastal ecosystems. These important roles include physical, biological, and economic functions. Indramayu regency is one of the areas on the north coast of Java with a coastline length of 147 km. The decrease of mangrove cover in Indramayu Regency cannot be separated from the land clearing for fish pond, therefore monitoring activity is important to see the suitainability management mangroves. Alternative ways to monitor mangrove condition is using an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) to overcome the budget constraint and difficulties of doing field surveys. The study aims to estimate the mangrove canopy cover based on the NDVI derive from multispectral drone-based imagery (UAV). The research was conducted in Indramayu in March 2021. Data collection is done using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) with multispectral sensors (Red, Green, Red Edge, and NIR). The study shows that the best canopy cover estimator model is exponential regression with the equation of CC = 0.1535e1.9458NDVI with R2 = 0.636. The model can be used for monitoring mangroves periodically. Accurate monitoring data will be very useful in the preparation of policies and management strategies to maintain and improve the functions and services of mangrove ecosystem.
Keyword: mangrove, monitoring, pendugaan, tutupan tajuk

Judul: Estimation of Above Ground Biomass of Mangrove Vegetation in Indramayu Regency, West Java
Abstrak: Mangrove memiliki fungsi ekologis dan ekonomis yang penting di wilayah pesisir. Kabupaten Indramayu merupakan salah satu wilayah yang berada di pesisir pantai utara Pulau Jawa dan memiliki vegetasi mangrove. Mangrove memiliki peranan penting dalam menyerap karbon di atmosfer melalui proses fotosintesis dan disimpan dalam bentuk biomassa, sehingga dapat menjadi salah satu cara efektif mitigasi perubahan iklim. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai estimasi biomassa atas permukaan vegetasi mangrove di Kabupaten Indramayu. Metode yang digunakan adalah non-destructive atau tidak merusak, yaitu dengan cara mengukur diameter setinggi dada (DBH) dan tinggi pohon yang kemudian dihitung menggunakan persamaan alometrik. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi dan uji koefisien regresi, didapat model terpilih yaitu AGB = 0,3757e11,356NDVI dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0,5272 atau 52,72% dan kemudian dibuat peta sebarannya. Peta sebaran biomassa atas permukaan yang dihasilkan dapat dijadikan acuan rencana pengelolaan dan pemanfaatan kawasan vegetasi mangrove di Kabupaten Indramayu. Kata kunci: biomassa atas permukaan, mangrove, mitigasi perubahan iklim., Mangroves plays important role in ecology and economy in coastal areas. Indramayu Regency is one of the areas located on the northern coast of Java Island and has mangrove vegetation. Mangroves have an important role in absorbing carbon in the atmosphere through the process of photosynthesis and stored in the form of biomass, so that it can be an effective way of mitigating climate change. This study aims to determine the estimated biomass on the surface of mangrove vegetation in Indramayu Regency. The method used is non-destructive or non-destructive, namely by measuring the diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height which is then calculated using allometric equations. Based on the regression analysis and regression coefficient test, the selected model is AGB = 0,3757e11,356NDVI with an R2 value of 0.5272 or 52,72% and then a distribution map is made. The resulting surface distribution map of biomass can be used as a reference for the management plan and utilization of mangrove vegetation areas in Indramayu Regency. Keywords: above ground biomass, climate change mitigation, mangrove.
Keyword: above ground biomass, climate change mitigation, mangrove

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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