Judul: Anatomi Otot Daerah Bahu dan Lengan Atas Beruk (Macaca nemestrina)
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to observed the anatomy of muscles in shoulder and arm region of pigtail macaque, also to described the function of the muscles in relation with the type of terrestrial quadrupedal locomotion. Furthermore, the results were compared with the muscles in shoulder and arm region of longtail macaque and chimpanzee which had different locomotion type. This study used two pigtail macaques which had been preserved in 10% formaline v/v. The observation was conducted on the shoulder and arm region morphology of pigtail macaque. The muscles were dissected by four dissection into the skin. The location of origin and insertion of the muscles were determined by muscle dissection, whereas the muscles name were based by Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria 2005. Then, the results were documented by photography equipment. The muscles which found in shoulder and arm region were the panniculus carnosus, trapezius, rhomboideus, serratus ventralis cervicis, serratus ventralis thoracis, pectoralis transversus, pectoralis descendens, pectoralis ascendens, deltoideus, coracobrachialis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii, teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles. In general, the muscles which observed in pigtail macaque were more similar with those of longtail macaque than chimpanzee. The pigtail macaque is terresterial semiarboreal species, whereas the longtail macaque is arboreal semiterresterial one. This matter was estimated because the behavior of pigtail macaque were similar with longtail macaque. The differences among pigtail macaque, longtail macaque, and chimpanzee were the celerity of the locomotion movement which estimated because the flexibility of scapula movement and the strength of arm. The flexibility of scapula movement in pigtail macaque was influenced by the trapezius, rhomboideus, serratus ventralis cervicis, and serratus ventralis thoracis muscles. The strength movement of pigtail macaque when climbed the trees were influenced by the pectoralis transversus, pectoralis descendens, pectoralis ascendens, deltoideus, coracobrachialis, teres major, and latissimus dorsi muscles. The strength movement of pigtail macaque when walked on the ground was influenced by the biceps brachii, brachialis, triceps brachii, and latissimus dorsi muscles. The shoulder stability of pigtail macaque was influenced by the teres minor, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, and subscapularis muscles.
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Judul: Anatomi Otot Daerah Bahu dan Lengan Atas Badak Sumatera (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis)
Abstrak: The study was aimed to observe the muscle anatomy of the shoulder and upper arm region of the Sumatran rhino, including their origins and insertions in order to describe the functions of the muscles and compare with other animals. This study was used one samples of Sumatran rhino preserved in 10% formaline. The muscles were observed macroscopically after the skin was incised and opened. The origins and insertions of the muscles were determined by dissecting the fascia and the muscles. The name of muscles based on Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (ICVGAN 2005) and results were documented by photograph. The muscles found in shoulder and upper arm region were the trapezius, brachiocephalicus, latissimus dorsi, serratus ventralis, supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis, rhomboideus, superficial pectoral, deep pectoral, teres major, deltoideus, triceps brachii, tensor fascia antebrachii, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, and brachialis. The results showed that generally the Sumatran rhino’s muscles were quite similar to that of a pig, horse, and babirusa. However, there were differences in muscle structure especially in the rhomboideus, serratus ventralis, superficial pectoral, deep pectoral, deltoideus, infraspinatus, and biceps brachii muscles. The differences were related to the adaptation of Sumatran rhino’s large body and their behavior.
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Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition