Judul: Discharge and Sedimentation Prediction by MWSWAT Model In Upper Citarum Sub-Watershed, West Java Province
Abstrak: This research was conducted in Upper Citarum Watershed – Majalaya region, West Java province within 20 520.71 ha area, from Desember 2010 - June 2011. The main objectives of this study were: (1) to calibrate MWSWAT model using local data, (2), to predict discharge and sediment as hydrological response of land use condition using MWSWAT calibrated model and (3) to simulate MWSWAT calibrated model on several land use conditions. Spatial analysis showed 9 land use classifications were identified on Majalaya, such as: forest, industrial, residential, orchard, estate crops, agricultural land, pasture, paddy field, and shrubland. Farmland on Majalaya was dominated by vegetables (corn, leek, cassava, carrot, cabbage, potatoes and garlic), flowers and paddy. Simulation with MWSWAT calibrated model with climate data of May to December 2001 showed an accurrate and satisfy result with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) 0.54 and R2 0.69 for discharge prediction and R2 0.77 and NSE 0.51 for sediment prediction. Calibration proccess was done by adjusting 12 parameters which consists of 8 discharge parameters (OV_N, CN2, SOL_AWC, SOL_K, GW_DELAY, ESCO, ALPHA_BF and CH_K2), and 4 sediment parameters (LAT_SED, SPEXP, SLSSUBBSN, and USLE_P). The calibrated MWSWAT model was used to simulate land use 1994 and 2005 with climate conditions based on 2001. The simulation result showed that the land use 1994 had the lowest water yield (43.41 mm) and sediment yield 0.026 t/ha. Land use 2001 had the highest water yield (44.11 mm) and the lowest sediment yield (0.020 t/ha). Meanwhile, land use 2005 showed water yield 44.05 mm and sediment yield 0.10 t/ha. By comparing land use series 1994, 2001 and 2005, the results showed that several land use changes were happening. A lot of forest area were converted to plantation, orchard and agricultural land and it changed surface roughness, curve number (CN), and also crop factor (C), support practice factor (P), and soil erodibility factor (K) of USLE.
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Judul: Analysis of River Discharge by MWSWAT Model on Several Landuse at Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java.
Abstrak: Observation was conducted at Upper Citarum Watershed, West Java Province in area of 12.000 km2 The highest of landuse change was 1994 to 2005, where the forest had been change to other landuse. The result of calibrated SWAT model showed that the model was quite accurate to predict surface flow at Upper Citarum Watershed with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency value of 0.714 and R. The purpose of this study were (1) to identify rate of landuse changes at Upper Citarum Watershed (2) to analyze river discharge by SWAT Model (3) to calibrate SWAT model with landuse 2001 (4) to validate parameters model with landuse of 1994, 1997 and 2005 (5) to analyze river discharge of calibrated SWAT model with land use of 1994, 1997 and 2001. 2 The analysis by calibrated SWAT model was done based on rainfall data in 2005 for landuse 1994, 1997 and 2001. The analysis result on landuse 1994 showed that surface flow was 112.5 mm and discharge rate was 76.7 m = 0.715. The calibration process was done by adjusting thirteen very sensitive parameters : Surlag ,MSK_Col1, MSK_Col2, MSK_X (.BSN), alpha BF, Shallst, GWQMIN, REVAPMN, GW DELAY (QW File), CHK2 (RTE File), CHNI (SUB File), EPCO (HRU File) and CN2 (.MGT File) . 3/s.The highest surface flow of 126.6 mm with discharge rate of 77.4 m3/s were obtained from analysis by calibrated SWAT model, landuse 1997 and rainfall in 2005. From analysis by calibrated SWAT model , landuse 2001 and rainfall in 2005 were obtained surface flow of 107.5 mm and discharge rate of 76.8 m3 /s
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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