Judul: The Use of Lemuru Fish Oil as Palm Oil Substitution in Ration on Broiler Performance
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebagai pengganti minyak kelapa sawit dalam ransum terhadap performa ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 ekor day old chick (DOC) broiler strain Ross yang dibagi dalam 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan P0 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 3% dan minyak ikan lemuru 0%, P1 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 2% dan minyak ikan lemuru 1%, P2 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 1% dan minyak ikan lemuru 2%, P3 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 0% dan minyak ikan lemuru 3%. Peubah yang diukur adalah konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, mortalitas, dan income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC). Data penelitian dianalisis varian (ANOVA), hasil yang signifikan (P<0,05) diuji lanjut dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pengaruh yang signifikan (P<0,05) dalam menurunkan konversi pakan periode starter dengan taraf penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru yang lebih tinggi, meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan dan menurunkan konversi pakan periode finisher dengan taraf penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru yang lebih rendah, namun tidak berpengaruh siginfikan (P>0,05) terhadap performa ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 35 hari. Simpulan penggunaan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 3% dapat memperbaiki efisiensi pakan periode starter, namun perbedaan imbangan minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak ikan lemuru sebanyak 3% dalam ransum tidak berpengaruh terhadap performa ayam broiler yang dipelihara selama 35 hari., The aim of this research was to evaluate the use of lemuru fish oil as palm oil substitution in ration on broiler performance. This research used 200 Ross broilers day old chick (DOC) is divided into 4 treatments and 5 replications. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD), where the treatments level of palm oil and lemuru fish oil were respectively P0 = rations containing 3% palm oil and 0% lemuru fish oil, P1 = rations containing 2% palm oil and 1% lemuru fish oil, P2 = rations containing 1% palm oil and 2% lemuru fish oil, P3 = rations containing 0% palm oil and 3% lemuru fish oil. The variables observed were feed intake, final body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR), mortality, and income over feed and chick cost (IOFCC). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). The significant result (P<0,05) were followed by Duncan test. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) in decreasing FCR in the starter period with a higher level of use of lemuru fish oil, increasing body weight gain and decreasing FCR in the finisher period with a lower level of use of lemuru fish oil, but the treatments did not significantly effect (P>0.05) on performance broiler during the age of 35 days. The conclusion of this study was the use of 3% lemuru fish oil can improve FCR in the starter phase, but the different level of palm oil and lemuru fish oil until 3 % in broiler rations does not affect on broiler performance during the age of 35 days.
Keyword: ayam broiler, minyak ikan lemuru, minyak kelapa sawit, performa

Judul: Pemberian Minyak Kelapa Sawit dan Minyak Ikan Lemuru dalam Ransum Terhadap Profil Darah dan Persentase Organ Dalam Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh pemberian minyak kelapa sawit dan minyak ikan lemuru terhadap profil darah dan persentase organ dalam ayam broiler. Penelitian ini menggunakan 200 ekor day old chick (DOC) broiler strain Ross yang dibagi dalam 4 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan P0 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 3% dan minyak ikan lemuru 0%, P1 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 2% dan minyak ikan lemuru 1%, P2 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 1% dan minyak ikan lemuru 2%, P3 = ransum mengandung minyak kelapa sawit 0% dan minyak ikan lemuru 3%. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians (Anova) dan dilakukan uji lanjut Duncan. Peubah yang diamati adalah profil darah, persentase bobot organ dalam, persentase bobot saluran pencernaan dan panjang relatif saluran pencernaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0.05) terhadap jumlah hematokrit, eritrosit, leukosit, dan deferensiasi leukosit (monosit, eosinofil, basofil), persentase bobot jantung, ginjal, empedu, pankreas, bursa fabricius, thimus, proventrikulus, gizzard, panjang relatif duodenum, persentase bobot dan panjang relatif jejunum, ileum, sekum, serta kolon. Pemberian minyak ikan lemuru 3% berpengaruh nyata (P<0.05) meningkatkan nilai hemoglobin, diferensiasi leukosit (heterofil dan limfosit), persentase bobot hati, persentase bobot limfa, serta menurunkan persentase bobot duodenum dan nilai rasio H/L. Disimpulkan bahwa pemberian ransum mengandung minyak ikan lemuru 3% dalam ransum memberikan dampak positif terhadap profil darahm ayam broiler, dapat meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin, limfosit, dan menurunkan tingkat stress dari taraf tinggi ke taraf rendah., The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of giving palm oil and lemuru fish oil on the blood profile and the percentage of internal organs in broiler chickens. This study used 200 Ross broilers day old chick (DOC) is divided into 4 treatments and 5 replications. This research used a completely randomized design (CRD), where the treatments level of palm oil and lemuru fish oil were respectively P0 = rations containing 3% palm oil and 0% lemuru fish oil, P1 = rations containing 2% palm oil and 1% lemuru fish oil, P2 = rations containing 1% palm oil and 2% lemuru fish oil, P3 = rations containing 0% palm oil and 3% lemuru fish oil. The data obtained were analyzed using analysis of variance (Anova) and Duncan's further test was carried out. Some of the observed variables included blood profile, percentage of internal organ weight, percentage of digestive tract weight and relative length of digestive tract. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect (P>0.05) on the number of hematocrits, erythrocytes, leukocytes, and leukocyte differentiation (monocytes, eosinophils, basophils), the percentage of weight of the heart, kidneys, bile, pancreas, bursa of Fabricius, thymus, proventiculus, gizzard, relative length of duodenum, percentage of weight and relative length of jejunum, ileum, cecum, and colon. Giving 3% lemuru fish oil significantly (P<0.05) increased hemoglobin value, leukocyte differentiation (heterophile and lymphocyte), liver weight percentage, spleen weight percentage, and decreased duodenal weight percentage and H/L ratio value. It was concluded that the provision of rations containing 3% lemuru fish oil in the ration had a positive impact
Keyword: blood profile, lemuru fish oil, liver percentage, palm oil

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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