Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Untuk Industri Besar di Kota Tangerang,
Abstrak: Water is one of the main requirements for production process and other activities in the industry. Actually, industries required water supply with certain qualities as well as its quantity and continuity to support production process. Utilization of water resources must be done wisely, to keep environmental equilibre. This study was conducted in March-May 2014 in Tangerang City, Banten Province. This research identified the use of water in industry and analysis of industry supply and the demand of water in the city of Tangerang using regression methods. This research needed data of industrial water usage, amount of worker and production total. Water availability data were obtained from the "Balai Besar Wilayah Sungai Ciliwung Cisadane". Based on Batu Beulah Station, the average discharge of Cisadane river was 68.47 m3/s, and groundwater potential was 3.21 m3/s. According to regulation 21% of surface water and 20% of groundwater can be used for industrial activities, so total availability of water in Tangerang City was 481,308,739 m3/year. It meaned that water availability in Tangerang could support 487 big industries. Result analysis showed that based on industrial growth rate Tangerang City will have 487 industries in 2073.
Keyword: groundwater, surface water, water supply, water demand, big industry

Judul: Analisis Kebutuhan dan Ketersediaan Air Baku di Kabupaten Tangerang
Abstrak: Air merupakan salah satu kebutuhan pokok manusia untuk melangsungkan kehidupan dan meningkatkan kesejahteraannya. Indonesia terletak di daerah tropis dan mempunyai tingkat ketersediaan air baku yang cukup. Rawan kekeringan merupakan salah satu permasalahan dalam penyediaan air baku akibat dari distribusi air yang tidak merata di wilayah Indonesia. Kabupaten Tangerang sebagai salah satu wilayah Indonesia yang terletak di Propinsi Banten memiliki tantangan di masa yang akan datang untuk memenuhi kebutuhan air baku, karena meningkatnya jumlah penduduk dan menurunnya kemampuan lingkungan baik secara kualitas maupun kuantitas dalam penyediaan air baku. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kebutuhan dan ketersediaan air baku di Kabupaten Tangerang di masa yang akan datang. Metode yang digunakan pada analisis kebutuhan air adalah metode pendekatan eksponensial, sedangkan untuk ketersediaan air baku dianalisis berdasarkan persamaan linear yang diperoleh dari regresi linear menggunakan Microsoft Excel 2007. Kebutuhan air baku dianalisa berdasarkan keperluannya, seperti kebutuhan air untuk keperluan domestik, non-domestik, perikanan, industri, ternak, dan irigasi. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa tingkat kebutuhan air dari tahun 2010 sampai 2030 secara keseluruhan mengalami peningkatan, dimana untuk tahun 2010 sebesar 71,61 m3/det, tahun 2015 sebesar 72,86 m3/det, tahun 2020 sebesar 76,24 m3/det, tahun 2025 sebesar 82,75 m3/det, dan tahun 2030 sebesar 95,35 m3/det. Sedangkan total ketersediaan air dari tahun 2010 sampai 2030 dari sumber air sungai dan air tanah mengalami penurunan, dimana tahun 2010 sebesar 143,17 m3/det, tahun 2015 sebesar 127,28 m3/det, tahun 2020 sebesar 114,02 m3/det, tahun 2025 sebesar 100,75 m3/det, dan tahun 2030 sebesar 87,50 m3/det. Pada tahun 2030 ketersediaan air tidak dapat memenuhi kebutuhan air, dimana terjadi defisit air sebesar -7,85 m3/det.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Raw water, Water demands, Water availability, River, Groundwater

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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