Judul: Literature Review on Anthocyanin Extraction from Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea) as An Antioxidan and Their Potential Applications for Food Products
Abstrak: Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea) merupakan tumbuhan yang banyak berkembang di daerah tropis dan sering dimanfaatkan untuk berbagai keperluan. Bunga telang mengandung antosianin yang memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan dengan cara menghambat radikal bebas. Kajian literatur bertujuan menganalisis metode ekstraksi antosianin dari bunga telang dan potensinya apabila diaplikasikan sebagai antioksidan pada produk pangan. Metode kajian meliputi penjabaran topik, pencarian literatur, evaluasi dan seleksi literatur, serta interpretasi dan analisis literatur. Hasil kajian menunjukkan antosianin bunga telang memiliki fungsi antioksidan dilihat dari kemampuannya dalam mencegah berbagai penyakit karena kerusakan oksidatif melalui pengujian in vitro maupun in vivo. Delfinidin dan beberapa turunannya seperti ternatin merupakan jenis antosianin yang teridentifikasi pada bunga telang melalui berbagai metode analisis. Maserasi dan ultrasound assisted extraction banyak diterapkan untuk proses ekstraksi antosianin. Nilai TAC (Total Anthocyanin Content) yang dihasilkan dari kedua metode tersebut berkisar antara 1,28 sampai 3,95 mg/g DW, diikuti dengan nilai aktivitas antioksidan yang berkisar antara 57,59 sampai 68,48% inhibisi. Faktor - faktor yang mempengaruhi hasil ekstraksi antosianin adalah suhu, pelarut, rasio antara pelarut dan sampel, serta waktu ekstraksi. Beberapa penelitian telah mengaplikasikan ekstrak antosianin sebagai antioksidan pada beberapa makanan maupun minuman. Namun, sifat antioksidannya dinilai masih lemah karena kondisinya yang masih mudah berubah selama pengolahan produk., Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea) is a plant that grows in the tropics and is often used for various purposes. Butterfly pea flower contains anthocyanin which has potential as an antioxidant by inhibiting free radicals. The literature review aims to analyze the anthocyanin extraction method from the flower and its potential when applied as an antioxidant in food products. The methods include topic description, literature search, literature evaluation and selection, and followed by literature interpretation and analysis. The results of this study indicate that the anthocyanins of butterfly pea flower have antioxidant functions seen from its ability to prevent various diseases caused by oxidative damage through in vitro and in vivo tests. Delfinidine and some of its derivatives, such as ternatin, are anthocyanin species identified in butterfly pea flower through various analytical methods. Maceration and ultrasound assisted extraction are widely applied for the extraction of anthocyanins. The value of TAC (Total Anthocyanin Content) resulting from the two methods ranged from 1.28 to 3.95 mg/g DW, followed by the value of antioxidant activity which ranged from 57.59 to 68.48% inhibition. The factors that influence the anthocyanin extraction result are temperature, solvent, ratio between solvent and sample, and extraction time. Several studies have applied anthocyanin extract as an antioxidant in several foods and beverages. However, its antioxidant properties are still considered weak due to its volatile condition during product processing.
Keyword: antioxidant, antioxidant activity, anthocyanin, butterfly pea flower, extraction

Judul: Effect of Packaging and Temperature as well as Storage Stability Test of Antioxidant Microencapsulated Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)
Abstrak: Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) mengandung senyawa antioksidan berupa antosianin yang banyak dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pewarna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh kemasan, suhu dan interaksinya terhadap mikroenkapsulat bunga telang serta mengidentifikasi stabilitas penyimpanan antioksidan mikroenkapsulat bunga telang. Jenis kemasan yang digunakan ialah plastik polipropilen dan aluminium foil dengan suhu yang digunakan ialah suhu ruang (28℃) dan suhu dingin (7℃) yang dilanjutkan dengan penyimpanan bubuk bunga telang pada 0 hari sebagai kontrol, 3 hari, 5 hari, 10 hari dan 15 hari. Respon yang diukur adalah aktivitas antioksidan (%). Kombinasi yang dipilih ialah kemasan aluminium foil dengan penyimpanan suhu dingin (7℃). Ke empat perlakuan memiliki nilai IC50 yang berbeda dengan nilai IC50 terendah pada perlakuan D-Alu sebesar 490,10 ppm. Nilai IC50 pada ke-5 titik penyimpanan berbeda nyata pada taraf signifikansi 5%, dengan nilai IC50 terendah pada hari ke- 0 sebesar 418,80 ppm. Kadar air bubuk telang sebesar 7,08% yang mana sesuai kriteria rempah bubuk SNI., Butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) flower contains antioxidant compounds in the form of anthocyanins which are widely used as coloring agents. This study aims to determine the effect of packaging, temperature and their interactions on microencapsulated butterfly pea flower and also to identify the antioxidant storage stability of microencapsulated butterfly pea flower. The type of packaging used is polypropylen plastic and aluminium foil with room temperature (28℃) and cold temperature (7℃) stored for 0 days as a control, 3 days, 5 days, 10 days, and 15 days. Response to be measured is antioxidant activity (%). The combination chosen is aluminium foil packaging with cold temperature storage (7℃ ). All the treatments had different IC50 values with the lowest IC50 value is D-Alu treatment with 490,10 ppm. The IC50 value at 5 storage point was significantly different at 5% significance level, with the lowest IC50 value on day-0 with 418,80 ppm. Water content of butterfly pea powder is 7,08%, which enters the criteria for spice powder of SNI.
Keyword: antioxidant, butterfly pea powder, storage, spray-drying, packaging

Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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