Judul: Sintesis dan Karakterisasi Film BiFeO3 didadah Barium (II) Asetat (Ba(CH3COO)2).
Abstrak: Sintesis film BiFeO3 dengan pendadah Barium (II) Asetat (Ba(CH3COO)2), variasi konsentrasi pendadah yang digunakan 0%; 0,5%; 1%; dan 1,5% diatas substrat Si (100) tipe-p dibuat dengan metode chemical solution deposition (CSD) dengan teknik spin coating telah berhasil dilakukan. Proses annealing dimulai dari suhu ruang kemudian dinaikan hingga suhu annealing 850oC dengan kenaikan suhu 1.67oC/menit dan ditahan konstan selama 8 jam pada suhu annealing tersebut. Selanjtnya dilakukan proses pendinginan sampai kembali pada suhu kamar selama 12 jam. Menghitung ketebalan film yang dihasilkan dengan menggunakan metode volumetrik, ketebalan yang dihasilkan yaitu 1,667 μm, 1,9047 μm, 2,1164 μm, dan 2,3809 μm. Analisis data XRD dengan metode Cramer-Cohen menghasilkan nilai parameter kisi a=b sebesar 5,4247 Å, 5,4326 Å, 5,4993 Å, dan 5,5691 Å. Serta parameter kisi c yaitu 14,1241 Å, 14,1533 Å, 14,3525 Å, dan 14,5720 Å, dengan struktur kristal heksagonal. Nilai energi bandgap yang dihasilkan dari analisis dengan fungsi Kubelka Munk untuk indirect transition berada pada kisaran 2,6246 – 2,5751 eV., Synthesis of BiFeO3 film with Barium (II) Acetate (Ba(CH3COO)2), the concentration variation of the solvent used are 0%; 0.5%; 1%; and 1.5% above the p-type Si (100) substrate that are made by chemical solution deposition (CSD) method with spin coating technique has been successfully carried out. The annealing process is started from room temperature, it is increased to 850oC of annealing temperature with 1.67oC/minutes of temperature increase. It is constantly held for 8 hours at the annealing temperature. After that, the cooling process is carried out until the temperature returns to room temperature for 12 hours. The results of thickness film are calculated using the volumetric method, including 1.667 m, 1.9047 m, 2.1164 m, and 2.3809 m. The results of XRD data analysis is lattice parameter values a=b, which is using the Cramer-Cohen method; they are 5.4247, 5.4326, 5.4993, and 5.5691. In addition, for lattice parameters c with a hexagonal crystal structure are 14.1241, 14.1533, 14.3525, and 14.5720. The results of band gap energy values, which is using the Kubelka Munk function for indirect transitions, ranged from 2.6246 – 2.5751 eV.
Keyword: BiFeO3, CSD, Spin Coating, lattice parameters, band gap energy

Judul: Synthesis and Characterizations of Barium Titanate (BaTiO3) Thin Film with Varied Concentration of Iron (II) Acetate (Fe(CH3COO)2) as Dopant
Abstrak: Sintesis film tipis BaTiO3 dengan variasi konsentrasi pendadah Fe (0%; 2%; 4%; dan 6%) menggunakan metode chemical solution deposition (CSD) berhasil dilakukan. Larutan sampel dideposisikan di atas substrat silikon (100) tipe-p dengan teknik spin coating pada kecepatan anguler 8000 rpm selama 60 detik. Proses annealing dimulai pada suhu kamar hingga mencapai suhu 850°C dan ditahan selama 8 jam dengan kelajuan suhu sebesar 1,67°C/menit, dilanjutkan dengan pendinginan hingga suhu kamar selama 12 jam. Ketebalan film dihitung dengan metode volumetrik dan hasilnya berturut-turut yaitu 3,9867 μm; 3,8759 μm; 3,6913 μm; dan 3,0454 μm. Analisis dengan persamaan Cramer-Cohen menghasilkan parameter kisi a = b yaitu 3,843 Å; 3,882 Å; 3,898 Å; dan 3,909 Å serta parameter kisi c yaitu 4,002 Å; 3,938 Å; 4,070 Å; dan 4,024 Å dengan struktur kristal tetragonal. Nilai enegi band gap hasil analisis dengan fungsi Kubelka Munk untuk indirect transition berada dalam rentang 3,0689 – 3,2051 eV dan direct transition berada dalam rentang 2,7660 – 3,0417 eV., The synthesis of BaTiO3 thin film with variations in concentration of Fe as dopant (0%; 2%; 4%; and 6%) using chemical solution deposition (CSD) method has been successfully done. The solutions was deposited on p-type silicon (100) substrates with spin coating technique at the angular speed of 8000 rpm for 60 seconds. The annealing process was started at room temperature until 850°C and was held for 8 hours with a temperature speed of 1.67°C/minutes, followed by cooling process to room temperature for 12 hours. Film thickness was calculated using volumetric method and the results are 3.9867 μm; 3.8759 μm; 3.6913 μm; and 3.0454 μm. The results of the analysis using Cramer-Cohen equation obtained that the lattice parameters a = b are 3.843 Å; 3.882 Å; 3.898 Å; and 3.909 Å and c are 4.002 Å; 3.938 Å; 4.070 Å; and 4.024 Å with tetragonal crystal structure. The values of band gap energy that was analyzed using Kubelka-Munk method equation are in range of 3.0689 – 3.2051 eV for indirect transition and 2.7660 – 3.0417 eV for direct transition.
Keyword: thin film, barium titanate, cramer-cohen, kubelka-munk, dopant

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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