Judul: Waste from Pot Fishery Operation and its Management Strategies in Indramayu District
Abstrak: Sampah operasional adalah sampah yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan di kapal saat trip penangkapan ikan, meliputi alat tangkap dan sampah perbekalan. Sampah dari alat tangkap ini dapat menghasilkan Ghost gear. Ghost gear adalah alat tangkap yang hilang, dibuang, dan ditinggalkan di perairan dan masih mempunyai kemampuan menangkap ikan. Pada Desa Karangsong, Kecamatan Indramayu, sering terjadi kasus jaring aktif menyeret tali bubu dan menyebabkan hilangnya 100-200 bubu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi ghost gear, identifikasi faktor penyebabnya, merumuskan penanggulangannya, dan mengestimasi limbah dari aktivitas penangkapan bubu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PPI Karangsong dengan metode survei. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis statistik dan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa estimasi ghost gear bubu adalah 28.178 unit/tahun. Faktor hilangnya bubu tertinggi adalah konflik dengan nelayan lain. Sementara faktor tertinggi bubu dibuang dan ditinggalkan adalah bubu rusak. Rumusan penanggulangan ghost gear di kecamatan Indramayu adalah pendataan lewat asosiasi nelayan lokal serta dialog dengan nelayan jaring aktif. Estimasi limbah yang dihasilkan nelayan bubu Kecamatan Indramayu adalah sekitar 4.961,93 Kg/tahun., Operational waste is generated from fisheries activity, including fisherman's supplies and fishing gear waste. Fishing gear waste can produce Ghost gear. Ghost gear is fishing gear that is lost, discarded, or abandoned in the waters and still can catch fish. In Karangsong Village, Indramayu District, there are frequent cases of active nets dragging trap ropes and causing the loss of 100-200 pots. This research aims to estimate ghost gear, identify the causal factors, formulate mitigation efforts, and assess waste from trap fishing activities. This research was conducted at PPI Karangsong using a survey method. The analysis used is statistical and descriptive. The research results show that the estimated ghost gear trap was 28,178 units/year. The highest factor in fish trap loss was conflict with other fishermen. Meanwhile, the highest factor for traps being discarded and abandoned is damaged traps. The recommended ghost gear mitigation is data accumulation through local fishermen's associations and dialogue with active net fishermen. The estimated waste produced by trap fishermen in Indramayu District was around 4,961.93 kg/year.
Keyword: bubu, ghost gear, Indramayu, Karangsong, sampah operasional

Judul: Estimation the potential for abandoned, lost, discarded fishing gear of bubu (trap) fishery at Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan Gebang
Abstrak: Abandoned, Lost, Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) is an element of the 'Ghost gear' defined as fishing gear that is lost, discarded, and abandoned in the waters. The trap has the second highest potential that can cause ghost gear. About 24% of fishing gears based at PPI Gebang Mekar were traps. This study aims: to estimate the fishing gear abandoned, lost, and discarded; and the waste generated from the trap fishing activities. This research was conducted at PPI Gebang Mekar using a survey method. Descriptive and statistical analyses were used. The results showed that in a year, there were 22.900 units lost, 30 units were abandoned, and 70 units were discarded. It is estimated that 10% of damaged traps were discarded into the sea, 20% were sold to collectors, and 70% were repaired at home. Waste supplies brought by fishers were constantly thrown into the sea with a total weight of 2596.6 grams in one trip/vessel, the consisted of waste wrapping paper, cigarette packs, mineral bottles, and plastic bags, Abandoned, Lost or otherwise Discarded Fishing Gear (ALDFG) merupakan unsur yang menyatakan istilah Ghost gear yang diartikan sebagai alat tangkap yang hilang, dibuang, dan ditinggalkan di perairan. Bubu memiliki potensi tertinggi kedua yang dapat menyebabkan ghost gear. Sebanyak 24% alat tangkap yang beroperasi di PPI Gebang Mekar adalah bubu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengestimasi alat tangkap yang ditinggalkan, hilang, dan dibuang, mengestimasi limbah yang dihasilkan dari unit penangkapan dan aktivitas penangkapan bubu. Penelitian ini dilakukan di PPI Gebang Mekar menggunakan metode survei. Analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis statistik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dalam periode 1 tahun bubu yang kategori hilang sebanyak 22.900 unit, ditinggalkan 30 unit, dan dibuang 70 unit. Alat tangkap bubu yang tidak layak dioperasikan diestimasi dibuang ke laut 10%, dijual ke pengepul 20% dan diperbaiki di rumah 70%. Limbah perbekalan yang dibawa nelayan yang dibuang ke laut dengan total berat 2596,6 gram dalam satu kali trip/kapal, yaitu sampah kertas pembungkus, bungkus rokok, botol air mineral, dan kantong plastik
Keyword: ALDFG, bubu (trap), fishing gear, PPI Gebang, waste

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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