Judul: Analisis Pola Penggunaan Ruang dan Parameter Demografi Macan Tutul Jawa Di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai.
Abstrak: Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas F. Cuvier, 1809) is one of the big cats on the Island of Java. Javan leopard has an important role in the ecosystem as top predators. It is also called keystone species particularly in the tropical rain forests of the Island of Java. Within the last few years leopard population in general has decreased, so that the criteria being critically endangered species in the IUCN red list, appendix I of the CITES, and protected by the laws of Republic of Indonesia No. 5 in 1990. The research conducted over the past 11 months, starting April 2012 to March 2013 within the Gunung Ciremai National Park (TNGC). The objectives of this research are: 1) together information on the use of space of Javan leopard species 2) together information on estimation of demographic parameters of the Javan leopard with the TNGC. Research was done in Management Area I of Kuningan and Management Area II of Majalengka. Equipment and materials used in this research consisting of the map of the conservation area camera traps, binoculars, GPS, digital camera, flashlight, compass etc. The method employed was direct observation in the field as well as study of literature. Based on research field known that TNGC has four space range of Javan leopard i.e. Block Sigedong, Block Sayana and Block Sukamukti, as well as Block Resort Argamukti. Demographic parameters of Javan Leopard in TNGC include minimum population size is the 3 individuals, sex ratio of male: female is 3: 0 and the structure of cub: juveniles: adult is 0: 0: 3. The average of home range of Javan leopard in TNGC is 7,22 km2. The number of prey is II and dominated by wild boar, civet and barking deer. The index of diversity of prey 1.65 and index of equity 0,69. Based on the results of the logistic regression analysis known that the dominant factor in habitat that have an effect on the occurrence of the Javan leopard is the distance from settlement (X1), slope class (X4), distance of prey (X6), the number of prey species (X7), and the distance of the water source (X8) with the equation: ( ) That means any increase of one unit of distance to the settlement will increase the chances of the presence of Javan leopard at a habitat as much as of 0.001. Every increase of one unit of slope class will increases the chance of presence of a Javan leopard at a habitat as much as 0,61. Any decrease in one unit of distance to the prey, it will increase the chance of a Javan leopard presence in the habitat as much as 0.125. Any increase in the number of units of as much as prey species then increases the chance of presence of a Javan leopard in a habitat as much as 0.002. Any decrease in one unit of distance of water sources then it will increase the chances of the presence of Javan leopard in a habitat as much as 0.549.
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Judul: Habitat and distribution of javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) on Fragmented Landscape in Centra Java
Abstrak: Macan tutul jawa (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) merupakan satwa yang dilindungi dan telah masuk dalam Redlist IUCN dengan kategori Critically Endangered serta termasuk dalam Appendix I CITES. Macan tutul Jawa hanya ditemukan di Pulau Jawa, Pulau Kangean, Pulau Nusakambangan dan Pulau Sempu. Di Provinsi Jawa Tengah, macan tutul Jawa sedang mengalami kehilangan habitat, degradasi kualitas habitat dan fragmentasi habitat sehingga populasinya terancam punah. Padahal setelah harimau jawa (Panthera tigris sondaica) punah, macan tutul jawa menduduki puncak rantai makanan (trophic level), sehingga merupakan spesies kunci (keystone species) dalam ekosistem hutan di Pulau Jawa. Tujuan umum penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik habitat dan penyebaran macan tutul jawa di lansekap yang terfragmentasi di Jawa Tengah. Tujuan khususnya adalah : (a) memetakan penyebaran populasi macan tutul jawa berdasarkan indikator-indikator keberadaannya dan mengetahui indeks seleksi tipetipe hutan yang menjadi daerah penyebarannya; (b) mengidentifikasi karakteristik habitat macan tutul jawa terutama untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor atau komponen habitat yang berpengaruh pada keberadaan satwa tersebut di suatu lokasi; (c) mengetahui tingkat fragmentasi hutan alam melalui pengukuran beberapa parameternya dan memelajari pengaruhnya terhadap sebaran macan tutul jawa; dan (d) membuat pemodelan spasial kesesuaian habitat macan tutul jawa, Javan leopard (Panthera pardus melas Cuvier, 1809) is limited distributed in Java Island. Its population is continually decreasing so it listed in Red list by the IUCN as critically endangered species. The decrease was mainly caused by fragmentation and degradation of forest. The objectives of this research are to map the distribution, to identify the metapopulation types and habitat characteristics, to measure the fragmentation of natural forest and to build a spatial model of habitat suitability. The Methods were included GPS mapping of population, metapopulation analyses, habitat analyses, fragmentation analyses using patch analyst and spatial modeling of habitat suitability using Arcview 3.2. The results found that there are 48 locations of javan leopards that distributed in five types of forest, i.e. pines plantation (43,8%), teak plantation (27,1%), natural mountain forest (14,5%), mixed plantation forest (8,3%) and natural lowland forest (6,3%). Javan leopard have preference to certain type of forest (P≤0,05). Total population estimation of the javan leopard in Central Java was 234-383 individuals. There are eight components that crucial for habitat of javan leopard and relevant for spatial modeling of habitat suitability, i.e. patch extent, prey, forest vegetation, climate, water, topography, altitude and status of forest. Fragmentation in the last 16 years has reduced 88,0% of total natural forest area in central Java and fluctuate the number of patches, total edge and edge density. Javan leopards are distributed in non-equilibrium metapopulation (31,25%), mainland-islands metapopulation (22,92%), classic metapopulation (10,42%) and patchy metapopulation (35,42%). Spatial model of habitat suitability result 7,67% patches of low suitability, 36,92% patches of moderate suitability and 55,41% patches of high suitability. The validity of the model is 95,83%. Keywords: habitat, distribution, leopard, fragmentation, metapopulation, suitability
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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