Judul: Biodelignifikasi Limbah Tanaman Jagung Menggunakan Kapang Pelapuk Putih Phanerochaete chrysosporium
Abstrak: Lignocellulose is the major structural component of plants which represents a major source of renewable organic renewable. Lignocellulose composed of three major components. They are cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin. Corn stover is lignocellulosic material which have large potential for the development future products. Corn stover consists of cellulose (36,81%), hemicelluloses (27,01%), lignin (15,70%), ash (6,04%) and other material (14,44%). Lignin is complexs macromolecules. Lignin is further linked to both hemicelluloses and cellulose forming. Lignin acts as a barrier for hydrolysis of cellulose. Biodelignification is use technologies with enviromentall-friendly such as biology system, use advantages from organisms to separated cellulose fiber from lignin. Some white-rot fungi has used to lignin degradation. The most commonly utilized fungus is the white-rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The goal of this research is to determine of effects, temperature, and fungus addition to to find the best condition in the bidelignification process of corn stover with Phanerochaete chrysosporium. The lowest number for temperature and fungus addition were consecutively 30oC and 2,5 ml. While for the highest number were consecutively 70oC and 10 ml. Methods that was used to know the best condition was response surface method. The experimental result shows that significant factor in biodelignification is temperature. The best condition from corn stover biodelignification is estimated 30oC, 10 ml fungus addition. In this condition, corn stover contents from 1,671 gram lignin, 1,868 gram hemicellulose, and 2,514 gram α-cellulose, with beginning weight before biodelignification is 10 gram (dry). So that condition to produce lignin removal 11,73 % (0,222 gram), α-cellulose removal 24,59 % (0,82 gram) and hemicelllulose removal 32,44 % (0,897 gram).
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Judul: Biodelignifikasi Tongkol Jagung Menggunakan Fungi Pelapuk Putih (White Rot Fungi)
Abstrak: Corncob has big potency to be converted become simple sugar such as glucose and xylose which turn can be used as raw material for various products for instance sorbitol and xylitol. Biodelignification is a process to remove lignin and to make fibre free from this subtance by using microorganism like mould, bacteria or enzyme. Delignification need to be done because lignin is main barrier at cellulose hydrolysis process. Some types white rot fungi often applied for delignification are Schizophyllum commune, Phanerochaete chrysosporium and isolate Pleurotus EB9. The aims of this research is to obtain the best type of white rot fungi and to get optimum concentration of mycelial and concentration of glucose which is added and optimum incubation time of chosen best fungi. The result of preliminary research that corncob delignification by fungi Phanerochaete chrysosporium had highest decreasing of lignin content that was 26.07% and degradation of dry weight that is 28.22%. Therefore, Phanerochaete chrysosporium was chosen to be used in main research. Result of main research showed that optimum condition for delignification of corncob by Phanerochaete chrysosporium was incubation time 24.25 days, quantity of mycelial 1.89 ml/10 g substrate and number of glucoses added 0.23 g/10 g substrate. From this condition the value of lignin rate ratio to holocellulose was 0.210689 g/g.
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Judul: Integration of Islamic Stock Markets of OIC Countries Before and During the Russia-Ukraine War Crisis
Abstrak: Pasar saham yang terintegrasi memberikan dampak negatif seperti percepatan co-movement (pergerakan bersama) yang rentan terhadap guncangan ekonomi, maupun krisis pasar global ke pasar domestik. Salah satu krisis yang terjadi pada tahun 2022 adalah perang Rusia-Ukraina yang berdampak pada pasar saham, termasuk pada saham syariah yang dipercaya lebih tahan terhadap guncangan krisis global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perkembangan, integrasi dan respon lima pasar saham syariah negara OKI pada perang Rusia-Ukraina. Metode yang digunakan adalah VAR/VECM pada indeks DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, dan SPBMIU. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pergerakan yang sama pada pasar saham UAE dan Arab Saudi, sedangkan Turki mengalami tren positif selama perang. Pasar saham syariah negara OKI selama periode perang Rusia-Ukraina terkointegrasi, sementara pasar saham Malaysia memengaruhi pasar saham syariah empat negara OKI lainnya. Hasil IRF menunjukkan terdapat efek permanen pada volatilitas pasar saham syariah negara OKI akibat guncangan yang diberikan. Namun, respon volatilitas relatif kecil karena kontribusi guncangan lebih didominasi oleh pasar saham itu sendiri, An integrated stock market has negative impacts, such as accelerating co-movement, which is vulnerable to economic shocks and global market crises on the domestic market. One of the crises in 2022 was the Russia-Ukraine war which impacted the stock market, including Sharia stocks which were believed to be more resistant to the shocks of the global crisis. This study examines the development, integration, and response of OIC countries five Islamic stock markets in the Russia-Ukraine war. The method used is VAR/VECM on the DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, and SPBMIU indices. The results show the same movement in the UAE and Saudi Arabia stock markets, while Turkey experienced a positive trend during the war. The Islamic stock market of the OIC countries during the Russia-Ukraine war was cointegrated. In contrast, the Malaysian stock market influenced the Islamic stock markets of the other four OIC countries. The IRF results show a permanent effect on the volatility of the Islamic stock market in OKI countries due to the shocks given. However, the volatility response is relatively small because the stock market itself dominates the contribution of shocks.
Keyword: co-movement, OIC, Rusia-Ukraine war, sharia stock market integration