Judul: Mempelajari Pengaruh Penambahan Isolat Protein Kedelai terhadap Beberapa Sifat Fisik Edible Coatings dari Kappa - Karagenan
Abstrak: Edible coatings merupakan lapisan tipis dan kontinyu yang dibuat dari bahan yang dapat dimakan, yang berfungsi sebagai barrier terhadap transfer massa, atau sebagai carrier bahan makanan dan aditif untuk mempertahankan mutu produk pangan. Edible coatings lebih tipis bila diandingkan edible film.
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Judul: Pengaruh penambahan isolat protein kedelai terhadap karakteristik fisik Edible Coating dari Low Methoxy Pectins
Abstrak: Edible coating merupakan lapisan tipis dan kontinu yang dibuat dari bahan yang bisa dimakan, dibentuk di atas atau diletakkan di antara makanan dengan membungkus, merendam atau menyemprot untuk memberikan tahanan yang selektif terhadap gas dan uap air dan memberi perlindungan terhadap kerusakan mekanik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencari formulasi bahan dan teknik pembuatan edible coating dari low methoxy pectins, mempelajari pengaruh penambahan isolat protein kedelai pada karakteristik fisik edible coating yang dibuat sehingga diperoleh informasi dasar sifat-sifat fisik edible coating dari low methoxy pectins. Bahan penelitian yang digunakan adalah low methoxy pectins yang diperoleh dari PT Halim Sakti, Jakarta dan isolat protein kedelai dari PT United Chemical, Jakarta. Pembuatan edible coating dimulai dengan pelarutan bahan (isolat protein kedelai dan low methoxy pectins), penambahan gliserol 2% (v/v), pengaturan pH menjadi 6 dengan larutan natrium bikarbonat (0.5 M) atau asam sitrat (0.5%). Konsentrasi isolat protein yang ditambahkan 0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, dan 1% Larutan edible coating kemudian dipanaskan dan diaduk pada suhu 40°C selama 15 menit. Kemudian dengan menggunakan model kain kasa nilon edible coating dibentuk dengan mencelup kasa nilon pada larutan edible coating dan kalsium klorida secara bergantian dua kali, kemudian dikeringkan pada suhu kamar selama ± 12 jam.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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