Judul: Effect of Different Rice Bran Additions in Total Mixed Ration  Silage on Rumen Fermentation Characteristics and In Vitro Methane Emission
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kualitas silase total mixed ration (TMR) dengan penambahan dedak padi yang berbeda (asal Indonesia dan Jepang) terhadap karakteristik fermentasi rumen dan emisi gas metan secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan, yaitu faktor jenis dedak padi dan proses ensilase. Silase TMR terdiri dari oat hay, jagung, soybean meal, dan dedak padi dari Jepang atau Indonesia. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah silase TMR dengan dedak padi Jepang (TMR 1) dan silase TMR dengan dedak padi Indonesia (TMR 2). Peubah yang diukur adalah komposisi kimia pakan, karakteristik fermentasi rumen, produksi total gas, produksi gas metan, dan volatile fatty acid. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan menggunakan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi total gas, gas metan, dan VFA lebih tinggi (P<0,05) dihasilkan oleh silase TMR dengan dedak padi Indonesia dibandingkan dengan dedak padi Jepang. Meskipun proses ensilase menurunkan (P<0,05) produksi total gas untuk silase TMR dengan dedak padi Jepang, namun tidak mempengaruhi produksi gas metan untuk kedua silase TMR. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah dedak padi dapat digunakan sebagai bahan untuk silase TMR karena memilki kualitas fermentasi yang baik. Dedak padi Indonesia memiliki kualitas fermentasi yang baik dibandingkan dengan dedak padi Jepang untuk bahan silase TMR. Kata kunci: dedak padi, emisi gas metan, in vitro, silase TMR, This study aimed to evaluate the quality of total mixed ration (TMR) silage with the addition of different rice bran (Indonesian and Japanese origin) on rumen fermentation characteristics and methane gas emission in vitro. This study was conducted using a factorial completely randomised design with two factors and three replications, namely the factors of rice bran type and ensilage process. TMR silage consisted of oat hay, corn, soybean meal, and rice bran from Japan or Indonesia. The treatments used were TMR silage with Japanese rice bran (TMR 1) and TMR silage with Indonesian rice bran (TMR 2). The measured variables were feed chemical composition, rumen fermentation characteristics, total gas production, methane gas production, and volatile fatty acid. Data were analysed by ANOVA and followed by Tukey's test. The results showed that total gas production, methane gas, and VFA were higher (P<0,05) produced by TMR silage with Indonesian rice bran compared to Japanese rice bran. Although the ensilage process decreased (P<0,05) total gas production for TMR silage with Japanese rice bran, it did not affect methane gas production for both TMR silages. The conclusion of this study is that rice bran can be used as an ingredient for TMR silage because it has good fermentation quality. Indonesian rice bran has good fermentation quality compared to Japanese rice bran for TMR silage material.
Keyword: rice bran, methane gas emission, in vitro, TMR silage

Judul: Evaluation of the Addition Premix Combination of Methane Inhibitor, Mineral Mix, and Probiotics in Ruminant in Vitro
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi premix kombinasi dengan campuran methane inhibitor berupa tanin, mineral mix, dan probiotik terhadap kecernaan, fermentabilitas, dan pengukuran gas metana. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan 12 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Variabel yang diamati adalah pH rumen, produksi gas total, produksi gas metana, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik, dan N-NH3. Semua perlakuan menggunakan tanin cair kecuali L0 = tanpa penambahan dan L6 = dengan penambahan probiotik saja. Data dianalisis menggunakan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan hasil yang signifikan (P<0,05) diuji lebih lanjut menggunakan uji kontras. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan tanin cair, probiotik, dan mineral organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap pH rumen, produksi total gas, produksi gas metana, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik, dan N NH3. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan tanin cair, probiotik, dan tembaga akan menurunkan produksi gas total, produksi gas metana, kecernaan bahan kering, kecernaan bahan organik, dan N-NH3., This study aimed to evaluate the premix combo with a mixture of methane inhibitors in the form of tannin, mineral mix, and probiotics on digestibility, fermentability, and measurement of methane gas. This study used randomized block design with 12 treatments and 5 replications. The observed variables were rumen pH, gas total production, methane gas production, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and N-NH3. All of the treatments were used liquid tannin except for L0 = without addition and L6 = with additions probiotic only. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and significant results (P<0.05) were further tested using contrast’s test. The results showed that the addition of liquid tannin, probiotic, and organic mineral (Fe, Mn, Cu) had a significant effect on rumen pH, gas total production, methane gas production, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and N-NH3. The conclusion of the research was the addition of liquid tannin, probiotic, and Cuprum would decrease total gas production, methane gas production, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, and N-NH3.
Keyword: digestibility, fermentability, organic mineral, probiotic, tannin

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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