Judul: Comparison of Income and Marketing of Cooperative Farmers Partners and Non-Partners of Alif (Al-Ittifaq) Cooperative, Bandung Regency
Abstrak: Salah satu kendala yang dihadapi petani wortel di Desa Alamendah adalah rendahnya harga jual yang diterima petani. Petani mitra Koperasi Pesantren (Kopontren) Alif (Al-Ittifaq) yang terletak di Kecamatan Rancabali menyediakan saluran pemasaran ke supermarket-supermarket besar sehingga petani berpotensi menerima harga yang diterima yang lebih tinggi, tetapi masih ada petani wortel di sekitar wilayah koperasi yang tidak bermitra. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis perbedaan pendapatan petani mitra dan non-mitra dengan menggunakan analisis R/C ratio dan uji beda Independent Sample t-test serta perbedaan efisiensi pemasaran dengan analisis marjin pemasaran, farmer’s share, dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan rata-rata pendapatan atas biaya total antara petani mitra dan non-mitra. Dari saluran pemasaran yang terbentuk oleh pemasaran wortel yang dilakukan petani mitra dan non-mitra, saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien untuk petani adalah saluran pemasaran yang dilakukan oleh petani non-mitra, yaitu saluran pemasaran yang terdiri dari tengkulak, pedagang besar, dan pedagang pengecer., One of the obstacles faced by carrot farmers in Alamendah Village is the low selling price received by farmers. Alif Islamic Boarding School Cooperative (Kopontren) partner farmers (Al-Ittifaq) located in Rancabali District provide marketing channels to large supermarkets so that farmers have the potential to receive higher prices, but there are still carrot farmers around the cooperative area who are not partners. This research was conducted to analyze the differences in the income of partner farmers and non-partners by using R/C ratio analysis and Independent Sample t-test as well as differences in marketing efficiency using marketing margin analysis, farmer's share, and profit to cost ratio. The results showed that there were differences in the average income over total costs between partner and non-partner farmers. Of the marketing channels formed by the marketing of carrots by partner and non-partner farmers, the most efficient marketing channel for farmers is the marketing channel by non-partner farmers, namely marketing channels consisting of middlemen, wholesalers, and retailers.
Keyword: horticulture, carrot, farming

Judul: Income Analysis And Efficiency Of Carrot Farming In Pagar Wangi Urban Village, Dempo Utara Sub-District, Pagar Alam City
Abstrak: Kelurahan Pagar Wangi merupakan sentra produksi wortel di Kota Pagar Alam. Kelurahan Pagar Wangi adalah daerah dengan produksi dan luas lahan wortel terbesar. Dalam melakukan usahataninya, alokasi input yang digunakan masih belum sesuai dengan input optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) menganalisis pendapatan usahatani wortel di Kelurahan Pagar Wangi, (2) menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi produktivitas, (3) menganalisis efisiensi ekonomi. Penelitian ini menggunakan R/C ratio untuk mengetahui keuntungan usahatani wortel, fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglass dengan estimasi Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) untuk menganalisis faktor produksi yang memengaruhi produktivitas, dan metode Nilai Produk Marginal (NPM) untuk mengetahui efisiensi ekonomi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai R/C ratio usahatani wortel di Kelurahan Pagar Wangi masih menguntungkan walaupun belum optimal. Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap produktivitas usahatani wortel adalah benih, pupuk kandang, dan pupuk NPK. Faktor produksi yang belum efisien pada usahatani wortel yaitu benih sehingga perlu untuk ditambah. Selanjutnya, faktor produksi yang tidak efisien yaitu pupuk kandang dan pupuk NPK sehingga perlu untuk dikurangi., Center of carrot production in Pagar Alam City is Pagar Wangi Urban Village. Pagar Wangi Urban Village is the area with the largest carrot land and amount of production. The allocation of inputs used in farming is still not in line with the most optimal input. The research aim to (1) analyze the income of carrot farming in Pagar Wangi Urban Village, (2) analyze the factors that affect the productivity, (3) analyze the economic efficiency. This research uses the R/C ratio to determine the benefits of carrot farming, the Cobb-Douglass Production function with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) estimation to analyze the factors that affect the productivity, and the Value Marginal Product (VMP) to determine the economic efficiency. The results showed that the R/C value of the carrot farming in Pagar Wangi Urban Village is still profitable although not optimal. The factors that had a significant effect on the productivity of carrot farming was seeds, animal manure, and NPK fertilizer. Input that are not efficient yet in carrot farming are seeds so they need to be added. Furthermore, the inefficienct input in carrot farming are NPK fertilizer and animal manure so they need to be reduced.
Keyword: income analysis, OLS, productivity, R/C ratio, VMP

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4