Judul: Kajian Formulasi Bumbu Instan Binthe Biluhuta, Karakteristik Hidratasi dan Pendugaan Umur Simpannya dengan Menggunakan Metode Pendekatan Kadar Air Kritis
Abstrak: Binthe biluhuta is an ethnic food of Gorontalo, made from mixture of young corn, onion, leek, basil, desiccated coconut, chili and fish. The demand of binthe biluhuta is very high reaching 1,095 ton/year. To enhance traditional food image to have same level as other foods, technology development must be carried out. Seasoning is very important ingredient in foods. Seasoning plays as a flavor and can function as preservative. The objective of this research was to find the best seasoning formulation of binthe biluhuta, predict of it’s shelf life based on critical moisture and to evaluated quality changes measurement of binthe biluhuta seasoning during storage. The first step research was seasoning preparation which was carried out the processing of chili, onion, basil, leek, coconut drying and seasoning formulation. The second step was determination of sorption isotherm from the best seasoning formulation. The analyses conducted were equalibrium water content balance, critical moisture content and it’s shelf life. The third step were storage analysis of seasoning formula which was packaged with two methods using vacuum and non vacuum packaged in HDPE, PP and Alufo was kept at 97% RH in room temperature. The parameter of analysis were organoleptic test, FFA, total plate count of microbe and total count of mould -yeast. The research showed that the best formulation is Formula 2. Moisture sorption isotherm derived from the correlation of moisture content data indicated a typical sigmoid curve implying 3 regions of water fraction. The first water fraction ranged 0-3.148 (%db), the second water ranged 3.148-13.438 (%db) and the third water fraction ranged 13.438-52.970 (%db). The seasoning binthe biluhuta packaged in Alufo stored at 80 and 90% RH were demonstrated the longest shelf life which were equal to 748 and 423 days, respectively. Equation model can’t describe isotherm of instant seasoning binthe biluhuta with MRD of value >10. Storage time resulted in decreasing quality observed as increasing of water content, FFA value, microbe content (TPC) and mould-yeast content. It was also shown by decreasing of panelist hedonic score.
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Judul: Kajian Formulasi dan Isotermik Sorpsi Air Bubur Jagung Instan
Abstrak: The objectives of the research were to find the best formulation of instant corn porrigde and to study the water sorption isothermic of the product to predict its shelf life. The material used was corn (Zea mays L.) var Pioneer 11. This research consisted of dry instant corn grits production, instant corn flour production and instant corn porridge formulation. Product analyses were physical analyses (yield, bulk density, porosity, rehydration, sorption and volume swelling, viscosity, wettability and colours), chemical analyses (moisture content, ash content, protein content, carbohydrate content, fat content, and calorie value), sensory evaluation (hedonic), and water sorption isothermic. Pre-gelatinization process using a drum dryer significantly affected the chemical and physical characteristis of the instant corn flour produced. The best instant corn grit was produced through slow freezing process followed by oven drying. The best instant corn flour was produced by pre-gelatinization process using a drum dryer at 4 rpm speed. The most accepted instant corn porridge formulation had the composition of : 35 g of dry instant corn grits, 10 g of instant corn flour, 25 g of maltodextrin and 30 g of milk powder. The instant corn porridge had a sigmoic isothermic sorption curve. The isothermic sorption curve implied three fractions of bound water, the first fraction (Mp) was 3.43% (db) to be equivalent to Aw = 0.13, the second fraction (Ms) was 20.78% (db) to be equivalent to Aw = 0.86 and the third fraction (Mt) was 37.83%(db) to be equivalent to Aw = 1. The product packaged in alufo had a longer shelf life than those package in PP and PE. Instant corn porridge product was predicted to have a 4.5 years shelf life in 85% storage RH .
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular