Judul: Diffusion Behavior of Ketoprofen Through Chitosan-CMC Membranes Gels.
Abstrak: Chitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel is potential as a coating agent for ketoprofen sustained-drug-release. In the previous research, this gel has been reported to have good rheological properties as a drug delivery system, and persistent to gastric pH condition. This membrane was made by mixing 3% (w/v) chitosan, 1% (w/v) CMC, and 6% (v/v) glutaraldehyde in 30:5:1 ratio, and then poured into a mold. The membrane thickness (h) was varied by varying the volume used. Afterwards, the membrane was used for diffusion test at 37 and 42 °C temperatures (T). Three concentrations of ketoprofen in donor cell (A) were used: 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml, whereas the recipient cell was filled with ethanol-water (1:1) solvent. Aliquot was taken from recipient cell every 30 minutes until the equilibrium concentration (Cs) was reached. The absorbance of each aliquot was measured at wavelength of 258 nm. The Cs range obtained, namely 3.1-17,3 mg/l, had approached the ketoprofen therapy concentration (15 mg/l), so this membrane has better properties as a coating agent as compared with chitosan-alginate membrane previously reported. Further analysis using response surface method showed positive effects of A, h, and T towards flux (J) of ketoprofen through the membrane. The models obtained were Cs = 19.9277 – 0.01h – 0.3542A – 0.4069T + 0.0001h2 + 0.0013A2 + 0.0002hA – 0.0002hT + 0.00088 AT with R2 = 90.8%, and J = 6.42999 + 0.04251h +0.02198A – 0.1839T – 1.012Cs – 0.00009h2 + 0.00113A2 + 0.06862Cs 2 + 0.00078hA – 0.00040hT – 0.00040hCs + 0.00079AT – 0.01882ACs + 0.02169TCs with R2 = 98.9%. However, further morphological analysis is needed for the membrane having higher flux value.
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Judul: Perilaku Difusi Ketoprofen Melalui Membran Gel Kitosan-CMC
Abstrak: Chitosan-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) gel is potential as a coating agent for ketoprofen sustained-drug-release. In the previous research, this gel has been reported to have good rheological properties as a drug delivery system, and persistent to gastric pH condition. This membrane was made by mixing 3% (w/v) chitosan, 1% (w/v) CMC, and 6% (v/v) glutaraldehyde in 30:5:1 ratio, and then poured into a mold. The membrane thickness (h) was varied by varying the volume used. Afterwards, the membrane was used for diffusion test at 37 and 42 °C temperatures (T). Three concentrations of ketoprofen in donor cell (A) were used: 25, 50, and 75 μg/ml, whereas the recipient cell was filled with ethanol-water (1:1) solvent. Aliquot was taken from recipient cell every 30 minutes until the equilibrium concentration (Cs) was reached. The absorbance of each aliquot was measured at wavelength of 258 nm. The Cs range obtained, namely 3.1-17,3 mg/l, had approached the ketoprofen therapy concentration (15 mg/l), so this membrane has better properties as a coating agent as compared with chitosan-alginate membrane previously reported. Further analysis using response surface method showed positive effects of A, h, and T towards flux (J) of ketoprofen through the membrane. The models obtained were Cs = 19.9277 – 0.01h – 0.3542A – 0.4069T + 0.0001h2 + 0.0013A2 + 0.0002hA – 0.0002hT + 0.00088 AT with R2 = 90.8%, and J = 6.42999 + 0.04251h +0.02198A – 0.1839T – 1.012Cs – 0.00009h2 + 0.00113A2 + 0.06862Cs 2 + 0.00078hA – 0.00040hT – 0.00040hCs + 0.00079AT – 0.01882ACs + 0.02169TCs with R2 = 98.9%. However, further morphological analysis is needed for the membrane having higher flux value.
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Judul: Populasi, Identifikasi dan Keragaman Jenis Burung Peliharaan Di Kotamadya Bogor
Abstrak: Jumlah dan jenis buruog mengalami penwunan setiap saat akibat perburuan dan kehilangan habitat alarninya. Habitat alami burung hilang karena hulan berkurang dan beberapa tempat yang berfungsi sebagai penyokong kehidupan burung sudah tidak ada lagi. Untuk itu diperlukan inforrnasi terbaru mengenai jumlah dan jenis burung terutama yang dipelihara karena sebagian besar burung peliharaan adalah hasil tangkapan di alamo
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