Judul: Optimizing Soybean (Glycine Max L.) Protein Protection with Different Temperatures and Heating Times.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui suhu dan waktu optimum proteksi protein kedelai menggunakan cara sangrai yang diamati dari peubah fermentabilitas dan kecernaan di dalam rumen in vitro. Rancangan acak kelompok digunakan dengan lima perlakuan: kedelai tidak disangrai (R1), kedelai disangrai pada suhu 180°C selama 30 menit (R2), kedelai disangrai pada suhu 180°C selama 40 menit (R3), kedelai disangrai pada suhu 200°C selama 30 menit (R4), dan kedelai dipanggang pada suhu 200°C selama 40 menit (R5), dan empat kelompok berdasarkan pengambilan sampel rumen. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis varian (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan uji Duncan. Pemanasan dengan cara sangrai mampu memproteksi protein kedelai yang terdeteksi dari penurunan yang sangat nyata (P<0.01) dari konsentrasi NH3, kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik (KcBK dan KcBO) dan terjadi peningkatan produksi VFA, populasi protozoa dan bakteri rumen dengan sangat nyata (P<0.01). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah proteksi protein terbaik pada kedelai dilakukan dengan cara menyangrai kedelai pada suhu 200°C selama 30 menit dengan indikasi penurunan NH3 dan peningkatan VFA total tanpa berakibat pada penurunan KcBK dan KcBO.
Keyword: fermentability, in vitro, protection, roasting, soybean

Judul: In vitro Evaluation of Dairy Cow Rations with Formaldehyde Protected Soybean Based and Corn as NFC Source and Sulfur Supplementation
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi efektivitas proteksi kedelai menggunakan formaldehid yang disuplementasi dengan sumber NFC berupa jagung dan mineral sulfur dalam ransum sapi perah, melalui aktivitas mikroba di dalam rumen in vitro. Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan 5 perlakuan ransum dan 4 kelompok berupa frekuensi pengambilan cairan rumen. Perlakuan terdiri atas P1 (Ransum tanpa penggunaan jagungdan tanpa penggunaan kedelai), P2 (Ransum P1 + jagung sebagai sumber NFC), P3 (Ransum P2 + biji kedelai tidak diproteksi), P4 (Ransum P2+ biji kedelai diproteksi formaldehid 1,0%), dan P5 (Ransum P4 + Mineral Na2SO4). Peubah yang diukur berupa pH, fermentabilitas (produksi VFA total dan konsentrasi NH3), populasi protozoa dan bakteri total, serta kecernaan ransum (koefisien cerna bahan kering dan bahan organik). Data dianalisis dengan analysis of varians (ANOVA) dan perbedaan hasil diuji lanjut menggunakan Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa proteksi kedelai dan penambahan jagung nyata menurunkan konsentrasi amonia dan konsentrasi VFA total (P<0,05), namun tidak mempengaruhi peubah lainnya. Simpulan penelitian ini adalah proteksi kedelai menggunakan formaldehid yang disertai dengan suplementasi jagung efektif mengurangi degradasi kedelai oleh mikroba rumen, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan sumbangan protein ransum yang diserap di organ pasca rumen., The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of soybean protection using formaldehyde supplemented with NFC sources in the form of corn and mineral sulfur in dairy cattle rations, through microbial activity in the rumen in vitro. Randomized Block Design (RAK) was used in this study with 5 ration treatments and 4 groups in the form of rumen intake frequency. The treatments consisted of P1 (Ration without the use of corn and without the use of soybeans), P2 (Ration P1 + corn as a source of NFC), P3 (Ration P2 + unprotected soybean seeds), P4 (Ration P2+ soybean seeds protected formaldehyde 1.0%), and P5 (Ration P4 + Mineral Na2SO4). The variables measured were pH, fermentability (total VFA production and NH3 concentration), total population of protozoa and bacteria, and feed digestibility (digestibility coefficient of dry matter and organic matter). Data were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the difference in results was further tested using Duncan. The results showed that soybean protection and corn addition significantly reduced ammonia concentration and total VFA concentration (P<0.05), but did not affect other variables. The conclusion of this research is that soybean protection using formaldehyde accompanied by corn supplementation is effective in reducing soybean degradation by rumen microbes, so it is expected to increase the contribution of ration protein absorbed in postrumen organs.
Keyword: corn, formaldehyde, non fiber carbohydrate, rumen fermentation, soybean

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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