Judul: Dampak Program Bantuan Langsung Benih Unggul terhadap Ekonomi Rumahtangga Petani Padi di Desa Bangunharja Kecamatan Cisaga Kabupaten Ciamis
Abstrak: Agriculture is one of the main sectors in the Indonesian economy. One of the sub-sectors of agriculture that promotes economic growth is that of food crop production. Rice is one of highly produced agricultural product in indonesia.This is because it is the staple food in Indonesia. Bangunharja is one of the villages in Ciamis that is capable of producing large quantities of rice. Farmers should be able to earn a decent income from farming, however most farmers can do not thrive in this business. The government has formed BLBU Program (Direct Superior Seeds aid program). The purpose of the study is: (1) identify the characteristics of farmers and the implementation of the Direct Superior Seeds Aid Program at Village Bangunharja, (2) analyze the factors that influence the decision by farming households in allocating the outpouring of work, production and expenditure of households in the village Bangunharja, and (3) comparing the impact of Superior Seeds Direct aid Program to the economy of household farmers BLBU and Non BLBU in Bangunharja village. This study uses cross section data from sample of households within Bangunharja village in the year 2013. Bangunharja farm household economic model is built as simultaneous equations system and estimated using Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Increase in the amount of seed aid (BLBU 100 percent) increases household expenditures farmers. Wherease for farmers who did not receive BLBU, an increasing number of seed aid (50 percent of total seeds) can increase household expenditures farmers.
Keyword: Increasing Number of Seed Aid, Farmers, Household Spending, Superior Seeds Direct Assistance Program

Judul: A. Policy Impact of Government Purchase Price  (HPP) and Subsidy of Urea Fertilizer to Maize Farmer Household Welfare in  Dangdeurvillage, Banyuresmi, Garut
Abstrak: Jagung merupakan salah satu komoditas utama tanaman pangan yang mempunyai peranan strategis dalam pembangunan pertanian dan perekonomian Indonesia,dan komoditas ini mempunyai beberapa fungsi, baik untuk konsumsi langsung maupun sebagai bahan baku utama industri pakan serta industri pangan. Selain itu, pentingnya peranan jagung terhadap perekonomian nasional telah menempatkan jagung sebagai kontributor terbesar kedua terhadap Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB) setelah padi dalam subsektor tanaman pangan. Sentra jagung di Jawa Barat adalah Desa Dangdeur, Kecamatan Banyuresmi, Kabupaten Garut. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi petani jagung adalah rendahnya harga jual jagung pipilan kering dan harga pupuk yang relatif mahal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk (1) mengidentifikasi karakteristik responden dan usahatani rumahtangga petani jagung, (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keputusan rumahtangga petani jagung dalam alokasi curahan kerja, produksi, dan pengeluaran rumahtangga, dan (3) Menganalisis dampak kebijakan harga pembelian pemerintah (HPP) dan subsidi pupuk urea. Model ekonomi rumahtangga petani jagung dibangun sebagai suatu sistem persamaan simultan dan diestimasi menggunakan metode Two Stage Least Squares (2SLS). Hasil simulasi menunjukkan rumahtangga petani jagung dapat meningkatkan kesejahteraannya dengan peningkatan harga jagung dan penurunan harga pupuk urea, dan kombinasi peningkatan harga jagung dengan peningkatan harga pupuk urea. Dampak peningkatan harga jagung lebih besar dari peningkatan harga pupuk urea, sehingga untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan rumahtangga petani jagung perlu segera diberlakukan harga pembelian pemerintah (HPP).
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Household economy, Maize, Government purchase price, Simultanous equations system, Subsidy of urea fertilizer, Maize farmer, Indonesian economy, Direct consumption, Food industry

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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