Judul: Analisis Kredit Perbankan dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi di Indonesia
Abstrak: Kredit perbankan memiliki peran penting dalam pembiayaan perekonomian nasional dan merupakan motor penggerak pertumbuhan ekonomi. Secara teori, kredit perbankan memiliki hubungan kausalitas yang positif dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui hubungan kausalitas antara kredit perbankan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi serta mengetahui hubungan jangka pendek dan jangka panjang antara pertumbuhan ekonomi, laju inflasi, suku bunga kredit dan pengembangan pasar kredit di Indonesia. Metode yang digunakan adalah VAR/VECM. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series kuartalan 2000:Q1 –2012:Q4. Uji kausalitas Granger menunjukan adanya hubungan kausalitas antara kredit perbankan dan pertumbuhan ekonomi. Hasil estimasi VECM menunjukkan pertumbuhan ekonomi berpengaruh secara positif terhadap kredit perbankan. Sedangkan inflasi dan suku bunga kredit memiliki efek yang negatif.
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Judul: Analisis kredit domestik dan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia periode 1983-2002
Abstrak: Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan utama. Pertama, untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaruh kredit domestik terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Indonesia. Kedua, untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi dan kredit domestik di Indonesia.
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Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell