Judul: Study of Cultivation Techniques, Flowering  Phenology, Production and Quality of Essential Oil of Cananga Cananga odorata forma macrophylla and forma fruticosa
Abstrak: Bunga kenanga (Cananga odorata) merupakan salah satu sumber minyak atsiri yang banyak digunakan di industri parfum dan farmasi. Jawa pernah dikenal sebagai penghasil minyak kenanga di dunia dengan Desa Gajahrejo, Kecamatan Purwodadi, Kabupaten Pasuruan sebagai salah satu sentra budidaya kenanga. Praktik budidaya kenanga yang baik sangat penting dalam menjaga kontinuitas produksi dan kualitas bunga. Penelitian yang mengidentifikasi karakter dari berbagai varietas dan aksesi bunga kenanga di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan informasi budidaya, karakterisasi tanaman, fenologi pembungaan, dan rendemen minyak dari dua jenis kenanga di Gajahrejo. Kenanga yang dibudidayakan adalah kenanga pohon (Cananga odorata forma macrophylla) dan kenanga perdu (Cananga odorata forma fruticosa). Faktor yang memiliki pengaruh pada produksi bunga kenanga perdu adalah jumlah cabang produktif sehingga kegiatan pemangkasan pucuk pada kenanga memiliki pengaruh yang baik. Bunga kenanga pohon dapat digunakan untuk bunga kuburan dan bahan baku penyulingan minyak serta memiliki helai bunga lebih besar dibandingkan bunga kenanga perdu. Durasi perkembangan bunga kenanga pohon adalah 44 hari sedangkan kenanga perdu 42 hari. Rendemen minyak dari bunga kenanga pohon lebih besar yaitu 1,10% dibandingkan bunga kenanga perdu yaitu 0,61%. Jika dilihat dari warna dan aroma minyak, keduanya berwarna kuning pucat dan harum, tapi minyak bunga kenanga perdu memiliki aroma yang lebih wangi daripada minyak bunga kenanga pohon.
Keyword: budidaya, fenologi bunga, karakterisasi, minyak bunga, rendemen minyak

Judul: Pengaruh Perajangan Bunga Kenanga (Canangium odorotum Baill), Kepadatan dan Metode Penyulingan Terhadap Rendemen dan Mutu Minyak Kenanga yang Dihasilkan
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the developing countries which have the potency to export cananga oil. About 50 tons cananga oil from Indonesia every year exported to Europe and American. Cananga oil Producer area in Indonesia for example regency Boyolali, Cirebon, Banten And Blitar. In this time in Indonesia the ordinary distillation method done some distillation generally by using water distillation and is previously done by slice. This research aim are to studying influence slice of the sliced cananga flower, distillation method and substance density. Others, to produce optimal yield and quality of cananga oil. The Experimental design were subjected to an analysis of variance for a completely random design 3x2x2 with duplo procedure. The treatment are the bulk density of cananga flower in the vessel (0.075 kg/L, 0.0875 kg/L dan 0.1 kg/L), the distillation method of cananga flower (water distillation, water and steam distillation), and sliced flower before distillation and without slice. This research done in 2 step, the first preliminary research consist of analysis water content (82%), cananga oil content (1.6 %) and look for the optimum condition from distillation of cananga oil. The second step is the main research were done distillation according to treatment which have been specified . Interaction of distillation method and slicing of cananga flower has influence in evaporation residu number and acid number. Interaction of distillation method, slice of cananga flower, and bulk density of flower has influenced to acid number. Factor of distillation didn’t influence to specific gravity and index of refraction. Factor of slicing of cananga flower didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, ester number and acid number. Factor of bulk density of flower didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction and optical rotation. Interaction of distillation method and slicing of cananga flower didn’t influence to yield, specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, and ester number. Interaction of distillation method and bulk density of flower and interaction of bulk density of flower and slicing of cananga didn’t influence to quality of the cananga oil. Interaction from three factor didn’t influence to specific gravity, index of refraction, optical rotation, ester number, evaporation residu number, and yield of cananga oil. Progressively the increasing of bulk density will tend to decrease yield, specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, and the ester number, but tend to increase value of evaporation residu and acid number. All cananga oil are yielded soluble in etanol 95% with ratio 1:1 to 1:10. Water and steam distillation yielded cananga oil with value more height than water distillation in yield, specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, and acid number. Flower with slicing yielded cananga oil with value more height than flower without slicing in specific grafity, index refraction, optical rotation, ester number and evaporation residu number. Based on the GCMS analysis showed that the component which implied in cananga oil consist of Linalool, Geranyl acetate, beta.-Caryophyllene, alpha.- Caryophyllene, Germacrene-D, alpha.-Bergamotene, delta.-Cadinene, Benzyl benzoate dan Cis-Farnesol amounted to 80.82 %, as for minor component amounted to 19.18% consist of monoterpen and benzena and part of Monoterpen O, seskuiterpen,
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Judul: Invers Drazin dari Matriks Toeplitz Singular
Abstrak: Matriks Toeplitz adalah matriks yang setiap unsur pada diagonal utama bernilai sama dan setiap unsur pada subdiagonal yang bersesuaian dengan diagonal utama juga bernilai sama. Matriks singular adalah matriks yang tidak bisa ditentukan inversnya. Akan tetapi, dapat diupayakan untuk ditentukan inversnya menggunakan invers matriks yang diperumum. Invers Drazin merupakan salah satu jenis invers matriks yang diperumum. Pada karya ilmiah ini ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular dengan menggunakan metode Leverrier Faddeev. Kemudian, ditentukan invers Drazin dari matriks Toeplitz singular yang direpresentasikan sebagai penjumlahan segitiga bawah dan segitiga atas matriks Toeplitz berdasar pada teorema Gohberg dan Semencul., Toeplitz matrix is a matrix in with element on the main diagonal has the same value and on the subdiagonal corresponding to the main diagonal also has the same value. Singular matrix is a matrix that has no inverse. However, it can be attempted to determine the inverse using a generalized inverse matrix. Inverse Drazin is a type of generalized matrix inverse. This paper discussed the inverse Drazin for a singular Toeplitz matrix using the Leverrier Faddeev method. Then, the Drazin inverse of the singular Toeplitz matrix which is represented as a sum of products of lower and upper triangular Toeplitz matrix based on Gohberg and Semencul theorem.
Keyword: inverse Drazine, singular Toeplitz matrix