Judul: Characterization of ADAM10 gene as the Molecular Marker of Alzheimer on Cynolmogus Monkey’s Brain
Abstrak: Demensia merupakan gangguan pada memori, kemampuan kognitif dan perilaku. Terdapat 47 juta kasus di tahun 2015 dengan biaya penanganan yang mencapai 818 milyar Dollar Amerika Serikat secara global. Alzheimer merupakan penyumbang kasus demensia terbesar sehingga diperlukan pemahaman secara molekuler yang lebih mendalam untuk mempermudah mengatasi penyakit ini. Monyet ekor panjang yang memiliki kemiripan dengan manusia dipilih sebagai hewan model. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memahami lebih dalam mengenai ekspresi gen ADAM10 di otak serta potensinya sebagai marka molekuler penyakit Alzheimer. Sampel diekstrasi dari hipokampus dan korteks 9 ekor monyet betina. Pendeteksian level ekspresi mRNA ADAM10 di otak dilakukan dengan RT-qPCR. Hasil menunjukkan tidak ada beda nyata antara ekspresi mRNA ADAM10 pada kelompok Tua dan Dewasa serta pada regio hipokampus dan regio korteks. Namun, hasil perhitungan menujukkan kecenderung lebih tinggi pada monyet dari kelompok Tua dibanding kelompok Dewasa dan cenderung lebih tinggi di hipokampus daripada korteks dari seluruh sampel. Level ekspresi mRNA ADAM10 dianggap tetap berpotensi menjadi marka molekuler penyakit Alzheimer., Dementia is an impairment found in memory, cognitive functions, and behavior. There were 47 million cases of dementia and the treatment cost 818 billion USD globally in 2015. Alzheimer’s diseade (AD) is the biggest cause of dementia, thus it is important to have deeper understanding in molecular level to be able to treat this disease. Cynomolgus monkey were chosen because of the similarities between them with human. This study aimed to have more understanding about ADAM10 gene expression in the brain and its potential as molecular marker of Alzheimer’s disease. Samples were extracted from hippocampus and cortex of the brain of each 9 female monkeys. The detection of ADAM10 mRNA expression level was done using the RT-qPCR method. The results showed no significant differences in the expression between Old group and Adult group and also between hippocampus and cortex. However, the expression level tended to be higher in the Old group and the hippocampus. ADAM10 mRNA expression level is still considered as the potential molecular marker for AD.
Keyword: ADAM10, Alzheimer disease, cynomolgus monkey, RT-qPCR

Judul: Studi Ekspresi Gen Nicastrin (NCSTN) sebagai Marka Penyakit  Alzheimer pada Otak Monyet Ekor Panjang (Macaca  fascicularis)
Abstrak: Penyakit Alzheimer merupakan penyakit neurodegeneratif yang dapat menyebabkan demensia, gangguan kognitif, hingga kematian pada penderita. Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) dipertimbangkan sebagai hewan model karena memiliki kemiripan dengan penyakit Alzheimer yang menyerang manusia. Gen NCSTN memiliki peran dalam pembentukan y-secretase yang dapat mempengerahui produksi peptida beta-amyloid (Aβ) sebagai marka patologis penyakit Alzheimer. Penelitian ini menganalisis ekspresi gen NCSTN sampel otak dari 6 ekor monyet ekor panjang yang terdiri dari regio korteks (n = 4) dan hipokampus (n = 6) dan dibagi menjadi kelompok usia dewasa (n = 5) dan kelompok usia tua (n= 5) menggunakan teknik RT-qPCR. Ditemukan perbedaan signifikan pada level ekspresi gen NCSTN antara kelompok usia dewasa dan kelompok usia tua (p = 0.008), namun tidak ditemukan perbedaan signifikan (p = 0.914) pada level ekspresi gen NCSTN antara regio korteks dan regio hipokampus. Level ekspresi gen NCSTN ditemukan paling tinggi pada regio korteks monyet ekor panjang kelompok usia dewasa. Level gen NCSTN berperan penting pada regio korteks monyet ekor panjang dan dapat berkaitan dengan resiko kejadian EOAD pada individu muda., Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease that can cause dementia, cognitive impairment, and even death. The cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) is considered as an animal model because it has similarities with Alzheimer's disease in humans. The NCSTN gene has a role in the formation of y- secretase which can influence the production of beta-amyloid (Aβ) peptides as a pathological marker of Alzheimer's disease. This study analyzed the expression of the NCSTN gene in brain samples from 6 cynomolgus monkeys consisting of the cortex (n = 4) and hippocampus (n = 6) regions and divided into the adult group (n = 5) and the aged group (n = 5) using the RT-qPCR technique. A significant difference was found in the expression level of the NCSTN gene between the adult and the aged group (p = 0.008), but no significant difference (p = 0.914) was found in the expression level of the NCSTN gene between the cortex and hippocampus regions. The expression level of the NCSTN gene was found to be highest in the cortex region. NCSTN gene plays important role in cortex region of cynomolgus monkeys and may be associated with the risk of EOAD in young individuals.
Keyword: Alzheimer’s disease, cortex, cynomolgus monkey, hippocampus, NCSTN

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: