Judul: Isolasi dan Pencirian Polikosanol dari Blotong Pengolahan Tebu (Saccharum officinarum).
Abstrak: Polikosanol merupakan suatu alkohol rantai panjang yang banyak digunakan sebagai suplemen anti-diabetes. Senyawa ini dapat diisolasi dari blotong yang merupakan limbah padat hasil penggilingan dan penjernihan nira tebu. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah mengisolasi dan mencirikan polikosanol dari blotong. Percobaan meliputi dua tahap, pertama ekstraksi lilin tebu dari blotong dan konversi lilin tebu menjadi polikosanol melalui reaksi saponifikasi. Hasil ekstraksi menggunakan metode refluks dengan pelarut toluena selama 6 jam menghasilkan padatan berwarna putih pucat dan rendemen 6.89%. Pita serapan ester dan alkana pada hasil spektrum inframerah mengindikasikan keberhasilan ekstraksi lilin tebu. Selanjutnya, saponifikasi lilin tebu menjadi polikosanol menggunakan kalium hidroksida menghasilkan padatan berwarna kecokelatan dan rendemen 80.86%. Spektrum inframerah polikosanol menunjukkan keberhasilan konversi dengan keberadaan pita serapan alkohol yang menggantikan pita serapan ester. Hasil ini diperkuat oleh analisis kromatografi gas‒spektrofotometer massa yang menunjukkan komponen utama produk saponifikasi adalah senyawa alkohol rantai panjang khususnya oktakosanol (C28) dan triakontanol (C30).
Keyword: blotong, lilin tebu, polikosanol

Judul: Produksi Xilitol dari Hidrolisat Limbah Tandan Kosong Sawit oleh Candida tropicalis.
Abstrak: Limbah padat terbesar yang dihasilkan dari perkebunan kelapa sawit salah satunya adalah tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS). Limbah tersebut hingga saat ini dimanfaatkan sebagai pupuk organik namun pemanfaatan tersebut belum maksimal. Limbah TKKS dengan komponen utama hemiselulosa, selulosa, dan lignin dapat dihidrolisis menjadi xilosa dan dikonversi menjadi produk xilitol yang memiliki nilai jual tinggi. Xilitol merupakan gula alkohol yang memiliki manfaat untuk mencegah kerusakan gigi, memiliki nilai kalori dan nilai glikemik yang rendah sehingga aman bagi penderita diabetes. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memproduksi xilitol dari limbah TKKS dengan pemberian arabinosa sebagai kosubstrat pada sel Candida tropicalis. Xilosa dihidrolisis secara kimiawi menggunakan asam dan rendemen yang dihasilkan diukur dengan metode DNS, nilai rendemen xilosa tertinggi yaitu 4.93%. Xilitol yang dihasilkan diukur dengan ELISA Reader menggunakan kit D-sorbitol Colorimetric Assay pada panjang gelombang 540 nm dan waktu inkubasi selama 30 menit. Kadar xilitol tertinggi yang dihasilkan pada sampel TKKS sebesar 13.559%. Penambahan ko-substrat arabinosa tertinggi diperoleh pada arabinosa 5% di waktu fermentasi 8 jam.
Keyword: Arabinosa, C. tropicalis, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, xilitol

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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