Judul: Early Cutting with Different Intensities on Indigofera zollingeriana Seedings: Morphological Characteristics and Production
Abstrak: Pemangkasan tanaman pakan merupakan faktor penting karena dapat mempengaruhi laju pertumbuhan dan produksi, yang diduga akibat berubahnya kinerja hormon pertumbuhan seperti auksin dan sitokinin. Pemangkasan dini pada bibit tanaman Indigofera adalah salah satu upaya menginduksi kinerja hormon tumbuh untuk memicu pembentukan bagian vegetatif tanaman. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan taraf intensitas pemangkasan dini optimal yang dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan dan produksi Indigofera. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 : Tanpa pemangkasan, P1, P2, dan P3 berturut-turut pemangkasan setinggi 20 cm, 40 cm, dan 60 cm dari pangkal batang. Parameter morfologi yang diukur adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, tunas, dan daun, sedangkan parameter produksi yang diukur meliputi proporsi daun dan batang, produksi segar, dan produksi kering. Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan perlakuan berbeda nyata akan diuji lebih lanjut dengan uji Duncan menggunakan program SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan P3 memberikan hasil terbaik., Forage cutting is an important factor to determind growth rate and production. This may associated with growth hormone activities like auxin and cytokinin in the plant tissue. Pruning is one of the efforts to induce the performance of growth hormones to trigger the formation of vegetative parts of the plant. This research aimed to obtain the optimal level of early pruning intensity that can result in the growth and production of Indigofera. This study used a randomized group design with 4 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 denoting without pruning, P1, P2, and P3, representing cutting intensity respectively 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm from the stem base. The measured morphological parameters include plant height, stem diameter, leaf, branch, shoot count. Meanwhile, the measured production parameters include biomass fresh yield and dry yield. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and significant different value of the parameters will be tested further with the Duncan test using the SPSS version 25 program. The results showed that the P3 treatment gave the best results.
Keyword: Indigofera zollingeriana, karakteristik morfologi, pemangkasan dini, pembibitan, produksi, early cutting, morphological characteristics, productivity, seeding

Judul: Second Harvest Pruning Intensity Of Indigofera  Zollingeriana: Morphological Characteristics, Production, and Forage Quality
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh intensitas pemangkasan berbeda terhadap karakteristik morfologi, produksi dan kualitas I. zollingeriana pada masa panen kedua. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0: tanpa pemangkasan dengan tinggi tanaman antara 100-120 cm, P1, P2, dan P3 berturut turut intensitas pemangkasan setinggi 20 cm, 40 cm, dan 60 cm dari pangkal batang. Parameter yang diukur adalah tinggi tanaman, diameter batang, jumlah cabang, tunas dan daun, sedangkan parameter produksi yang diukur adalah proporsi daun dan batang, produksi segar, dan produksi kering dan uji kualitas nutrisi dengan metode Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS). Data dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dan perlakuan berbeda nyata akan diuji lebih lanjut dengan Uji Duncan menggunakan program SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemangkasan dengan intensitas setinggi 60 cm memberikan hasil yang terbaik terhadap morfologi tanaman dan produksi serta tetap mempertahankan kualitas nutriennya., This research aims was to examine the effects of different pruning intensities on the morphological characteristics, production, and quality of I. zollingeriana in the second harvest period. The study research design was a randomized block design with 4 treatments and 4 replicatens. The treatments consisted of P0: no pruning with plant height ranging from 100-120 cm, P1, P2, and P3 representing pruning intensities of 20 cm, 40 cm, and 60 cm from the stem base, respectively. Parameters included plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, shoots, and leaves. Production parameters were leaf and stem proportions, fresh, dry biomass, and the quality using Near-infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, and significantly different treatments were further tested with Duncan's Test using SPSS version 25. Research results showed that pruning at an intensity of up to 60 cm provides the best outcomes for plant morphology, production and nutrient quality.
Keyword: Indigofera zollingeriana, kualiatas, morfologi, pemangkasan, produksi

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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