Judul: Teknik Penyisipan Informasi pada Fitur Poligon Peta Vektor Menggunakan Reversible Watermarking
Abstrak: Digital vector maps have high precision. Unfortunatelly, watermarking in digital maps usually cause distortion. This study uses a reversible watermarking technique to overcome this issue. The purpose of this study is to apply a reversible watermarking technique to insert some information into digital maps with the ability to restore the map coordinates prior to insertion. In this study, the file used as the insertion media is a 2D digital map coordinate data in shapefiles and images is used as a the watermark. Reversible watermarking process is done on a vector map with polygon features and each insertion process is only performed on a polygon feature. Features that can be inserted should have larger number of vertices than the number of watermark bits. In this study, the watermark is obtained from the MD5 hash function so that the watermark is fixed at 128 bits. The study shows that information can be inserted to the map and that the coordinates can be restored to the initial coordinates. The quality of the map after the insertion shows a low distortion as reflected by the very small RMSE value.
Keyword: Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), reversible watermarking, digital map, coordinate

Judul: Pendekatan Baru untuk Verifikasi Integritas Peta Digital Berbasis Fitur Menggunakan Fragile Watermark
Abstrak: Watermarking can change the coordinates of features in map vector. Fragile watermarking technique is implemented to maintain the authenticity of the map and determine which features have been changed. Fragile watermarking technique was developed to giving watermark to each map feature. Quality testing was conducted by calculating the coordinates of each point of distortion due to watermark embedding, and the coordinates of each point are projected to calculate the shift in the real world. Testing the integrity of a map of the attack is done by comparing the value of the stored watermark and regenerated watermark. The attacks is done by manipulating the map by moving, adding and deleting map coordinates. This technique produces distortion on a scale of 10-4 and 10-7 meters distortion in the real world, so it is very difficult to detect visually to scale 1:1 map. This technique gives an additional coordinate for embedding watermark so consequently is berkas size be increased.
Keyword: watermark, fragile watermarking integrity, distortion

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates