Judul: Business Development of Social Forestry in LMDH Mandalagiri Kadungora District Garut Regency
Abstrak: Pengelolaan perhutanan sosial dilakukan oleh Kelompok Usaha Perhutanan Sosial (KUPS) yang telah memperoleh izin pengelolaan untuk melakukan kegiatan usaha di kawasan perhutanan sosial. KUPS diharapkan dapat meningkatkan perekonomian melalui penggunaan lahan secara optimal sehingga memperbaiki kebutuhan hidup masyarakat sekitar hutan. Peningkatan ekonomi yang dilakukan oleh LMDH Mandalagiri yaitu melalui pengelolaan hutan secara agroforestri yang mengkombinasikan antara tanaman pinus, eukaliptus, puspa, rasamala, suren, mahoni, kopi arabika, alpukat, jahe, dan cabai rawit. Pengelolaan perhutanan sosial meliputi kegiatan penyiapan lahan, pengadaan bibit, penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan, dan pemasaran. Pengembangan usaha perhutanan sosial dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif melalui analisis lembaga dan saluran pemasaran, analisis marjin pemasaran, analisis farmer’s share, dan analisis rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, saluran pemasaran yang paling efisien adalah saluran pemasaran komoditas perhutanan sosial model 2 dengan marjin pemasaran dan biaya pemasaran lebih rendah serta nilai farmer’s share dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya lebih tinggi dari saluran pemasaran komoditas perhutanan sosial model 1., Social forestry management is carried out by the Social Forestry Business Group (KUPS) which has obtained management permission to conduct business activities in social forestry areas. KUPS is expected to improve the economy through optimal land use to improve the living needs of the people around the forest. The economic improvement made by LMDH Mandalagiri is through agroforestry management that combines pine, eucalyptus, puspa, rasamala, suren, mahogany, arabica coffee, avocado, ginger and chili peppers. Social forestry management includes land management, seed procurement, planting, maintenance, harvesting, and marketing. The development of social forestry businesses is done by descriptive analysis through analysis of agencies and marketing channels, analysis of marketing margins, analysis of farmer's share, and analysis of profit-to-cost ratios. Based on the research results, the most efficient marketing channel is the model 2 social forestry commodity marketing channel with lower marketing margins and marketing costs as well as farmer's share value and profit-to-cost ratio higher than the model 1 social forestry commodity marketing channel.
Keyword: agroforestry, business development, management, marketing, social forestry

Judul: Social Forestry Business Development (Study Case of  LMDH Sasaka Patengan at KPH South Bandung)
Abstrak: The formation of KUPS in social forestry programs is expected to be able to increase business capacity to farmer welfare. This study aims to analyze the management and social forestry business development carried out by members of LMDH Sasaka Patengan. The method used is descriptive statistical analysis with 50 LMDH members and 17 marketing agencies as respondents. The planting pattern is done in agroforestry with a combination of eucalyptus, pine, coffee, avocado, orange, hot chili and Dutch eggplant. The results of the research, business management carried out includes land preparation, seed procurement, planting, maintenance, harvesting, and marketing. In product processing, there is still potential to develop business in commodities other than coffee, those are avocados, oranges, hot chilies and Dutch eggplant into high-value products. The high production potential of farming management needs to be balanced with an efficient marketing system as a strategy in developing the business. An efficient marketing channel to market the products is channel 2 (farmers – collectors – retailers – consumers) with a marketing margin total and marketing costs total which is lower as well as the value of farmer's share and a higher profit to cost ratio from channel 1 (farmers – collectors - wholesalers – retailers – consumers)., Pembentukan KUPS dalam program perhutanan sosial diharap mampu meningkatkan kapasitas usaha demi kesejahteraan petani. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengelolaan dan pengembangan usaha perhutanan sosial yang dilakukan anggota LMDH Sasaka Patengan. Metode yang digunakan yaitu analisis statistik deskriptif dengan responden 50 anggota LMDH dan 17 lembaga pemasaran. Pola penanaman dilakukan secara agroforestri dengan kombinasi antara kayu putih, pinus, kopi, alpukat, jeruk, cabai gendot dan terong kori. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, pengelolaannya meliputi kegiatan penyiapan lahan, pengadaan bibit, penanaman, pemeliharaan, pemanenan, dan pemasaran. Dalam pengelolaan masih ada potensi mengembangkan usaha pada komoditas selain kopi, yaitu alpukat, jeruk, cabai gendot dan terong kori menjadi produk bernilai tinggi. Potensi produksi yang tinggi perlu diimbangi dengan sistem pemasaran yang efisien sebagai strategi mengembangkan usaha. Saluran pemasaran yang efisien untuk memasarkan seluruh komoditas adalah saluran pemasaran 2 (petani – pedagang pengumpul – pedagang eceran – konsumen) dengan total marjin pemasaran dan total biaya pemasaran lebih rendah serta nilai farmer’s share dan rasio keuntungan terhadap biaya lebih besar dari saluran pemasaran 1 (petani – pedagang pengumpul – pedagang besar – pedagang eceran – konsumen).
Keyword: 

Judul: Kajian Stabilitas Inti Super Berat dengan Nomor Atom 110 Sampai dengan 200 Menggunakan Model Inti Tetesan Cairan
Abstrak: Liquid droplets of nucleic models can be derived equations to estimate the binding energy, binding energy per nucleon, the most stable isotope, and the condition of the occurrence of spontaneous fission. The equations are then converted into a numerical equation form which is then inserted into the MATLAB programming language. Based on the results of the calculations have been carried out in this study, super-heavy nuclei will undergo spontaneous fission in the Z = 135. At Z = 135 the energy needed to create the nucleus undergoing fission or activation energy is very small at around 0:48 MeV. Above Z = 135 the activation energy is negative, it means to form a nucleus with Z> 135 needed some energy. Then at Z = 135 the ratio Z2 / A is 48.86, almost reaching requirement ratio Z2 / A where the nucleic will undergo spontaneous fission is 49. Binding energy per nucleon for super-heavy nuclei up to Z = 200 is about 7 - 5.5 MeV, together with a range of light nuclei are stable. So there may be a super-heavy nuclei are stable at Z <135 and above Z> 135 there will be no stable nucleic
Keyword: