Judul: The marketing system of rubber smallholders in Jambi Province with Structure, Conduct, Performance (SCP) Approachment
Abstrak: Rubber is the main commodity from Jambi Province. Most (80%) of rubber plantation is smallholders plantation. Most (95%) of rubber production is exported to the world market. In the rubber market, increased price at exporters level is not followed by farmers level. However, the high price of rubber at the world level has not been transmitted by the rubber farmers in Jambi Province. It is shown from the volatility of rubber prices during the year 2008 to the year 2013, the increase in the price level of crumb rubber factory (exporters) are large enough not followed by an increase in the price of farm level. The fundamental problem for majority of rubber farmers in Jambi Province is weak bargaining position of farmers in the pricing process. Market condition will affect the behavior of a marketing agency and the determination of price. However, how to respond and how fast the price changes which are responded by marketing agencies will be identified through analysis of market performance. Based on these problems, it is necessary to smallholder rubber marketing system analysis approach to structure, conduct, performace (SCP). The aims of this study are to 1) analyze the market structure of rubber smallholders in Jambi Province, 2) describe the market conduct of rubber smallholders in Jambi Province, 3) analyze the market performance of rubber smallholders in Jambi Province. The analysis used are the descriptive and quantitative analysis of SCP approachment. Quantitative data processing use software Microsoft Excel 2007 and Eviews 6. The analysis showed that the market structure that faced by rubber farmers in Jambi Province is oligopsonistic. This is caused the market condition at the exporters level was concentrated with a small level of competition (CR4 = 75.70 %). The amount of market power possessed crumb rubber plant will affect the behavior of a marketing agency in the lower level shown in the behavior of the market (market conduct). Institution and practices of marketing function involved are farmers, village collectors, subdistrict collectors, province trader, rubber auction market and crumb rubber factory (exporters). The marketing function is exchange function, physical function and facilities function. Rubber marketing channel in Jambi Province consist of 5 channels. The first channel is farmer-rubber auction market-crumb rubber factory (exporters). The second is farmer-village collectorrubber auction market-crumb rubber factory (exporters). The third is farmervillage collector-province trader-crumb rubber factory (exporters). The fourth is farmer-sub district collector-province trader-crumb rubber factory (exporters) and the fifth channel is farmer-crumb rubber factory (exporters). Dependence of farmers on the collector due to the limmitations of the farmer in gainning access to market information and financial source. This causes weak bargaining position of farmers in the pricing process. Conditions of oligopsony market structure is faced by farmers and the weak bargaining position of farmers in pricing process will affect the performance of the market. It it proved by the share price of rubber received by farmer still low (< 60%) with relatively high margin. This condition is caused by dependence of farmers to collector and limited facilities and infrastructure owned by farmers with the result that all of farmers
Keyword: marketing system, rubber smallholders, market structure, market conduct, market performance, the price

Judul: Sistem Pemasaran Karet Rakyat di Kabupaten Tebo, Provinsi lambi dengan Pendekatan Rantai Pasok
Abstrak: Indonesia is an agricultural country that rich in agricultural resources. Agriculture in Indonesia is divided into five sub-sectors including food crops, plantations, forestry, fishery and animal husbandry where the plantation subsector accounted for the GDP in 2013 amounted to 17.4% (BPS 2014). The development of plantation sub-sector is one option that is quite realistic as strategic business and mainstay in the Indonesian economy with rubber which became one of the State foreign exchange earner. Indonesia rubber export destinations include the United States, Japan, Singapore, and other consumer countries. Rubber plantations in Jambi Province is smallholder rubber plantations cultivated for generations, so that the rubber has become part of the culture and customs of the people of Jambi. Rubber plantations in Jambi has an area of about 588 043 hectares, with 312 925 tons of rubber results involving more than 254 746 farmers. The development of rubber can not be separated from the various problems both from the aspect of production and marketing aspects. As for the problems faced by rubber farmers is the lack of access to price information, the low productivity of rubber, the high proportion of old rubber plantation area, though the marketing of rubber material that has not been efficient, the price is not balanced, the availability of agricultural inputs the farm level is still limited. In other words, it is not enough just to increase rubber’s productivities, but must be followed by refinement or improvement effort in the marketing system. Improvements in marketing carried out with the aim to increase the level of marketing efficiency. Therefore, supply chain required by the manufacturer to obtain a quality product so that consumers are satisfied with the output generated by the plant. Thus, the purpose of this study is to identify the channel and functions of marketing agencies smallholder rubber in Tebo regency, identify the supply chain of smallholder rubber in Tebo regency with SCN approach (Supply Chain Network) covers the structure of the supply chain, supply chain business processes, supply chain management, resources power chain, targeting the chain and supply chain performance with margin approach, the farmer's share and ᴨ/C ratio, analyze the impact of the supply chain to the fulfillment of the quality and increase the marketing efficiency of smallholder rubber in Tebo. This research was conducted in the area of smallholder rubber production centers in Tebo starting from December 2014 to February 2015. The location selected purposively based on consideration of Tebo has a rubber auction market (PLK) is active and there is also a rubber processing factory (crumb rubber) as an alternative marketing rubber by farmers. The number of farmers and respondents drawn as many as 80 people. From the research results, marketing systems smallholder rubber in Tebo regency there are four marketing channels. The first marketing channel shall be composed of rubber farmers - village traders - traders districts - wholesalers and rubber factories, the second channel involves rubber farmers - traders village - a rubber factory, a third channel consists of rubber farmers - auction markets rubber - rubber factories, and channels to four consisting
Keyword: Marketing Channel, Marketing Eficiency, Supply Chain Rubber

Judul: igenvalues and Eigenvectors of Tridiagonal Matrix with Non Constant and Recurrent Diagonal Entries.
Abstrak: Matriks tridiagonal adalah suatu matriks yang mempunyai entri-entri bernilai nol kecuali pada diagonal utama, di bawah diagonal utama (subdiagonal) dan di atas diagonal utama (superdiagonal). Entri pada diagonal utama tidak konstan dan berulang. Setiap entri pada matriks tridiagonal ini adalah bilangan kompleks. Dalam karya ilmiah ini, akan dibuktikan 3 teorema untuk menentukan nilai eigen dengan 2 kasus dan 1 teorema untuk menentukan vektor eigen. Teorema pertama menentukan polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal. Polinomial karakteristik dari matriks tridiagonal tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan nilai eigen pada teorema kedua dan ketiga serta menentukan vektor eigen pada teorema keempat
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