Judul: Teknik Penangkaran dan Perilaku Harian Jalak Putih di Mega Bird and Orchid Farm Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Mega Bird and Orchid farm (MBOF) has succesfully bred Black Winged Starling. The purpose of this research were to identify the captivity technique applied by MBOF and describe the Black Winged Starling‟s behaviours. This research was done from 12th of September to 30th of November 2013. The observation was carried out on a pair of Black Winged Starling. The result showed that the captivity technique in MBOF which include caging, food provisioning, health keeping and reproduction aspect are managed carefully. The practice had resulted 71,4% of parental breeding rate, 83,4% of egg hatching rate and 17,3% of dead chicks rate. The behaviors that had been identified were investigative behaviour, chirping, feeding, preening, resting, moving, bathing, dancing and defecating. Rest and bath performed along with rising temperature, flying avoid was done as response due to care activity. The birds were not stressed out due to care activity although temperature and humidity change.
Keyword: daily behaviours., captivity technique, black winged starling

Judul: Teknik penangkaran dan analisis koefisien inbreeding pada jalak bali (Leucopsar rothschildi) di Mega Bird and Orchid Farm (MBOF), Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Bali starling (Leucopsar rothschildi) is an endemic species of Bali Island which needed to be preserved. It’s population in the nature had decreased that the species stated as rare and endangered. It had been include in the criticaly endangered category of the Red Data Book and also included in the Appendix 1 CITES. The condition required conservation efforts. Captivity bread in ex-situ conservation. Was one of the effort to conserve bali starling. Mega Bird and Orchid Farm (MBOF) was one of the captive breeding effort which succeed in breeding bali starling. Calculation of inbreeding coefficient should be done forward bali starling bred in the farm in order to maintain it’s genetic purity. Morphological measurement should also be done to identify inbreeding pressure. Research was held in Mega Bird and Orchid Farm (MBOF) on June until October 2011. The data type used was consisted of primary and secondary data. The data of techniques captive breeding was analyzed descriptive and quantitative analysis, inbreeding coefficient was quantitative analysis. Analysis using t-student test was also employed in compary body size of female and male bali starling, The test was conducted using SPSS 16.0. Descriptive analysis was also conducted compary data of body size in this research with data in previous research and qualitative morfological characteristic of bali starling. Captive breeding of bali starling in MBOF began in 1996 with three pairs of bali Starling origineted from Safari Park I Cisarua Bogor, from the bird seller and the bird lovers. There were 91 individual of bali starling up to Oktober 2011. The kind of cage in MBOF consisted of display cage, maintenance cage, reproduction cage and incubator. The feed given to the bali Starling were banana, voer, crickets, and kroto (ant’s egg). The average number of highest consumption was crickets 15.18 g/tail/day and the palatability of 59.22 %. Each individual of bali starling in MBOF needed 11.48% protein and1909.0 kcal/day. Types of diseases that had attacted in the bali Starling MBOF were cataracts, smallpox on foot, flu (influenza) and sore eyes. Percentage and criteria captive breeding success of bali starling were high egg hatching rate (66.66%), moderate mortality (33.33%) and reproduction level high (63.88%) . The analysis of inbreeding coefficient should a result of 0 value, which ment that there was not any occurrence of inbreeding. However, there was a possibility of helf sibling marriage with inbreeding coefficient value of 0.25. There was not any significant different between quantitatif morphological characteristic of the male and female body size. There was any significant difference between the data of morfological characterstic current research the previous once conducted by Masy’ud (1992) and Helvoort et al. (1985) which ment that there had not been any inbreeding pressure to bali starling in MBOF.
Keyword: 

Judul: Monotonicity Properties of Trapezoid Sum Sequence on Class of Nonconvex and Nonconcave Function
Abstrak: Bernhard Riemann mendefinisikan integral tentu sebagai luas daerah di bawah kurva dari suatu fungsi real taknegatif pada sebuah interval yang tertutup dan terbatas. Beberapa alternatif yang dapat digunakan untuk menghampiri luas tersebut adalah Darboux sums melalui penjumlahan beberapa luas persegi panjang dan trapezoid sum melalui penjumlahan luas trapesium. Trapezoid sum lebih baik dalam menghampiri nilai integral untuk fungsi-fungsi yang well-behaved daripada Darboux sums. Untuk fungsi f yang bernilai real dan kontinu pada interval [a,b], f terintegral Riemann jika dan hanya jika f terintegral Darboux. Pada tesis ini ditunjukkan bahwa f terintegral Riemann jika dan hanya jika f terintegral secara trapesium. Misalkan f adalah suatu fungsi bernilai real yang kontinu pada interval [a,b]. Untuk setiap partisi P_n yang membagi [a,b] menjadi n subinterval dengan jarak yang sama, dibentuk trapezoid sum T_n (f) yang merupakan jumlah luas n trapesium sebagai pendekatan dari nilai integral f pada [a,b]. Jika f adalah fungsi konveks maka barisan trapezoid sum {T_n (f)} bersifat monoton turun dan akan bersifat monoton naik jika f fungsi konkaf. Fokus tesis ini adalah sifat kemonotonan barisan {T_n (f)} untuk fungsi f yang nonkonkaf dan fungsi f yang nonkonveks. Pada tesis ini dibuktikan sifat monoton turun dari {T_n (f)} secara generik tidak terjadi pada kelas fungsi nonkonkaf f, serta secara generik, barisan itu juga tidak monoton naik pada kelas fungsi nonkonveks. Meskipun demikian, sifat generik mengakibatkan bahwa untuk sebarang fungsi f baik di kelas fungsi nonkonkaf maupun nonkonveks, terdapat fungsi g yang menghampiri f sedemikian sehingga ekor barisan {T_n (g)} bersifat monoton. Ditunjukkan pula bahwa himpunan fungsi naik nonkonkaf dengan {T_n (f)} yang tidak monoton turun dense terhadap kelas fungsi naik nonkonkaf f. Hal tersebut juga ditunjukkan untuk himpunan fungsi turun nonkonkaf terhadap kelas fungsi turun nonkonkaf. Lalu, dibuktikan bahwa himpunan fungsi naik nonkonveks dan himpunan fungsi turun nonkonveks dengan {T_n (f)} yang tidak monoton naik, berturut-turut dense terhadap kelas fungsi naik nonkonveks dan turun nonkonveks. Himpunan-himpunan yang dense tersebut mengartikan bahwa setiap fungsi f pada kelas-kelas tersebut, dapat dihampiri oleh suatu fungsi g yang bersesuaian dengan kelas-kelas tersebut sedemikiam sehingga barisan {T_n (g)} tidak monoton., Bernhard Riemann defined definite integral as an area under the curve of a real nonnegative function on a closed bounded interval. The alternatives that can be used to estimate the area are Darboux sum which is sum of rectangular areas and trapezoid sum which is sum of trapezium areas. Trapezoid sum is better than Darboux sum as approximations toward the integral of well-behaved functions. Let f be a real valued continuous function on interval [a,b], f is Riemann integrable if and only if it is Darboux integrable. In this master’s thesis, it showed that f is Riemann integrable if and only if it is trapezium integrable. Let f be a real valued continuous function on interval [a,b]. For each partition P_n that divides the interval [a,b] into n equal length subintervals, defined trapezoid sum T_n (f) which is the total of n trapezium areas as an approach of integral value f on [a,b]. If f is a convex function then the trapezoid sum sequence {T_n (f)} is decreasing
Keyword: monotonicity, nonconcave, nonconvex, trapezoid sum