Judul: Volatility Analysis of Broiler Meat and  Chicken Egg Prices in Indonesia
Abstrak: Broiler meat and eggs are ideal and affordable sources of animal protein. Price fluctuations will generate price volatility and affect society. Therefore, the price stability of broiler meat and eggs needs to be anticipated by the government to reduce risks and uncertainties that will harm producers and consumers of broiler meat and eggs. The purpose of this research is to analyze the price volatility of broiler meat and eggs in Indonesia. The data used was producer and consumer price data received from the Strategic Food Pricing Information Center. The research used daily time series data from March 2020 to May 2023. The analytic approach utilized was ARCH- GARCH with Eviews 9 software. The results showed that the best model for broiler meat price volatility were ARCH (2) for producer prices, and ARCH (1) for customer prices. Meanwhile, the best models for the volatility of chicken egg prices were GARCH (1,1) for producer prices and ARCH (1) for consumer prices. The results also show that the price of broiler meat at producers have low volatility, while consumer prices have high volatility. The prices of chicken eggs at both the producer and consumer levels have low volatility., Daging dan telur ayam adalah sumber protein hewani yang ideal dan terjangkau. Fluktuasi perubahan varians harga akan menyebabkan volatilitas harga dan berdampak pada masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, stabilitas harga daging dan telur ayam perlu dilakukan antisipasi oleh pemerintah untuk meminimalisir risiko dan ketidakpastian yang akan merugikan baik produsen maupun konsumen daging dan telur ayam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat volatilitas harga daging dan telur ayam ras pada tingkat produsen dan konsumen di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data harga produsen dan konsumen yang diperoleh dari Pusat Informasi Harga Pangan Strategis. Penelitian menggunakan data time series harian dari Maret 2020 sampai Mei 2023. Metode analisis yang dilakukan adalah Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH)- Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) dengan software Eviews 9. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan model terbaik volatilitas harga daging ayam adalah ARCH (2) untuk harga di tingkat produsen, dan ARCH (1) harga di konsumen. Sementara itu, model terbaik volatilitas harga telur ayam adalah GARCH (1,1) untuk harga di tingkat produsen, dan ARCH (1) harga di konsumen. Hasil penelitian juga menunjukkan bahwa harga daging ayam di produsen memiliki volatilitas yang rendah, sedangkan harga konsumen memiliki volatilitas yang tinggi. Harga telur ayam baik di tingkat produsen dan konsumen sama-sama memiliki volatilitas yang rendah.
Keyword: ARCH-GARCH, daging ayam, telur ayam, volatilitas

Judul: Analisis Volatilitas Harga Daging Sapi Potong dan Daging Ayam Broiler di Indonesia
Abstrak: Beef consumption needs of Indonesian population tends to increase with the increasing number of the population and public awareness of the importance of animal protein. Meanwhile the price of beef cattle and broiler meat are fluctuative. The value of volatility describes how much the level of risk that will be faced in the future. Fluctuations in the price of beef cattle and broiler meat can be caused by a the unequilibrium of supply and demand. The objectives of this research were (1) to analyze the price forecast of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia, (2) to identify factors that affect the price volatility of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia, and (3) to identify alternative strategies related to the price volatility of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia. This research used secondary data with the time series form in period February 2003 to February 2013. In this research ARCH-GARCH is used to analyze the price volatility of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia. This analysis show that the price volatility of beef cattle and broiler meat in Indonesia will be lower.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4