Judul: Optimasi Penumbuhan Apatit pada Mucoza Ampela Ayam : Hamburan Difraksi Sinar-X dan Scanning Electron Microscopy
Abstrak: Senyawa kalsium fosfat karbonat sebagai mineral tulang sintesis yang ditumbuhkan diatas permukaan mucoza ampela ayam sebagai matriks, dibuat dari campuran (NH4)2HPO4 dan (NH4)2CO3 dengan rasio molar CO3 2- : PO4 3- yang bervariasi (0.15:0.3, 0.5:1.02, 0.9:1.8) dan larutan Ca(NO3)2 dengan rasio molar Ca/P sebesar 1.67. Hamburan Difraksi Sinar-X dilakukan untuk mengidentifikasi fase serta ukuran kristal sedangkan SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) untuk melihat morfologi apatit karbonat yang ditumbuhkan diatas mucoza ampela ayam. Hasil presipitasi menunjukkan larutan dengan rasio molar CO3 2- dan PO4 3- = 0.15: 0.3 merupakan konsentrasi optimal untuk pertumbuhan apatit pada mucoza, dibuktikan dengan hadirnya puncak mucoza pada sampel ini. Penambahan mucoza pada konsentrasi ini juga mengakibatkan penurunan ukuran kristal. Foto SEM memperlihatkan apatit karbonat yang ditumbuhkan di mucoza ampela ayam secara umum memiliki morfologi yang menyerupai kelompok partikel tidak teratur dan gumpalan bulat-bulat kecil.
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Judul: Apatite Growth Optimation on Chicken Mucouse by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Characterization
Abstrak: Some experiment had been conducted to grow apatite from supersaturated solution of calcium phosphate ions on chicken mucouse. The calcium and phosphate ions were originated from Ca(NO3)2 and (NH4)2HPO4. Carbonate ions from (NH4)2CO3 was also used as starting solution. Experiment was carried out within about 5 hours at temperature 370 C and pH 7. Value of Ca+ : PO4 3- was 1.67, while molar ratio of CO3 2- : PO4 3- was 0.5 : 1. Molarity of molar ratio CO3 2- : PO4 3- variated approximately 0.15 : 0.30, 0.51 : 1.02, and 0.90 : 1.80. Mass of mucouse powder was constant 0.75 gram. The analysis result of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) showed that the precipitation was apatite carbonate type A and B. In these experiment it was found out that the mucouse reduce the crystallinity of apatite precipitant, and the growth of apatite crystal was optimum at solution with molar ratio CO3 2- : PO4 3- about 0.15 : 0.30.
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Judul: Klasifikasi genre musik menggunakan Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ)
Abstrak: Radio stations and music television have a milion of music tapes. A lot of musical genres create a problem when people wants to determine the right genre of a new kind of music. To classify the musical genre is not an easy task, because the musical genre is really difficult to standardization. Automatic musical genre classification can assist the human role in that process and help people to searching for the song acording to the genre that people want. This research using Mel Frequency Coefficient Cepstrum (MFCC) to obtain feature extraction. Learning Vector Quantization (LVQ), one kind of artificial neural network used for classification method. The number of genres that are used were four kind of musical genre, that is rock, classic, keroncong, and jazz with four different duration that is 5 second, 10 second, 20 second and 25 second. This research using k- fold cross validation to distribute dataset for training and testing set with the number of folds as much as 2 until 10 fold. This research succesfully implemented MFCC feature exraction and classification using LVQ. Based on this research, the accuracy of the classification using Learning Vector Quantization reaches 93,75% for the four type musical genre. The highest accuracy value was obtain from the experiments with a duration of 10 second and the number of fold 4. Training time for each duration is 30 minute for 5 second music duration, 45 minute for 10 second music duration 120 minute for 20 second music duration and 150 minute for 25 second music duration.
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