Judul: Potensi Bakteri Endofit sebagai Pemacu Pertumbuhan dan Agens Biokontrol Karat (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd. dan P. Syd.) Kedelai
Abstrak: Penyakit karat kedelai yang disebabkan oleh Phakopsora pachyrhizi merupakan salah satu patogen penting pada tanaman kedelai. Pengendalian penyakit secara biologi menggunakan bakteri endofit merupakan salah satu alternatif pengendalian yang dapat dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji keefektifan bakteri endofit dalam formulasi untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman, menghambat perkecambahan spora karat dan penekanan penyakit karat daun kedelai. Isolat bakteri yang digunakan adalah BBT106, BBT110, dan BBT130. Ketiga bakteri kemudian diuji kemampuannya untuk menghambat perkecambahan spora dan menekan keparahan penyakit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ketiga isolat yang diuji mampu memacu pertumbuhan tanaman. Isolat BBT106 dalam bentuk suspensi dan formulasi memiliki kemampuan yang paling baik dalam menghambat perkecambahan spora P. pachyrhizi dan menekan perkembangan penyakit karat daun kedelai. Bakteri endofit dalam formulasi dapat bertahan hidup hingga delapan minggu penyimpanan. Isolat BBT110 dalam bentuk formulasi mampu meningkatkan bobot total biomassa dan polong yang lebih baik dari perlakuan lainnya.
Keyword: air kelapa, formulasi, fisiologi, viabilitas

Judul: Potensi Kitosan dan Agens Antagonis dalam Pengendalian Penyakit Karat (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.) Kedelai
Abstrak: Penyakit karat (Phakopsora pachyrhizi Syd.) merupakan penyakit utama pada tanaman kedelai yang mampu menurunkan produksi hingga 90%. Kemampuan penyebaran inokulum yang cepat, adanya inang alternatif, dan potensi yang tinggi untuk melakukan perubahan yang mengatur virulensi P.pachyrhizi mengondisikan penyakit ini sulit dikendalikan. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi potensi kitosan, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis, dan kombinasi kitosan dengan Streptomyces sp. pada dua galur kedelai. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan rancangan faktorial acak lengkap (4x2) dengan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah perkembangan tanaman, kejadian penyakit, dan keparahan penyakit karat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan T.harzianum, B.subtilis, dan kitosan kombinasi kitosan dengan Streptomyces sp. efektif memiliki keparahan penyakit penyakit yang lebih rendah daripada kontrol pada kedua galur kedelai. Perlakuan T.harzianum merupakan taktik pengendalian yang paling efektif dan efisien menghambat penyakit karat dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman tanpa menimbulkan fitotoksik.
Keyword: B.subtilis, chitosan, rust disease, Streptomyces sp., T.harzianum.

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite