Judul: Effects of Media and Embryo Division on In Vitro Embryo culture of Areca Nut (Areca catechu L.)
Abstrak: Pinang (Areca catechu L.) merupakan salah satu komoditas yang mengalami peningkatan ekspor setiap tahunnya. Perbanyakan pinang hingga saat ini masih terkendala penyediaan bibit. Aplikasi kultur embrio dengan pembelahan merupakan salah satu upaya untuk penyediaan bibit. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh media dan pembelahan embrio pada kultur embrio pinang secara in vitro. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktorial dengan 2 faktor. Faktor pertama yaitu jenis media yang didasarkan pada 3 penelitian terdahulu. Faktor lainnya yaitu teknik pembelahan yang terdiri atas 3 taraf (tanpa dibelah, dilukai menjadi dua, dibelah menjadi dua). Terdapat 9 perlakuan diulang sebanyak 3 kali sehingga ada 27 satuan percobaan dan setiap satuan percobaan terdiri atas 4 botol kultur yang masing-masing ditanam satu embrio, seluruhnya terdapat 108 satuan amatan. Media dasar yang digunakan adalah Murashige dan Skoog yang ditambahkan air kelapa 15% dan arang aktif 2 g L-1. Analisis data menggunakan uji F dan uji lanjut BNJ. Media berpengaruh terhadap persentase eksplan hidup pada minggu ke 8. Komposisi BAP 1 ppm dan NAA 0,1 ppm sama baiknya dengan media yang mengandung 2ip 4,1 ppm terhadap persentase eksplan hidup. Perlakuan pembelahan menunjukkan pengaruh nyata terhadap persentase kematian dan browning eksplan. Eksplan tanpa pembelahan menghasilkan persentase browning nyata lebih sedikit dibanding perlakuan pelukaan menjadi dua dan pembelahan menjadi dua. Terdapat interaksi pada minggu 4 dan 12 terhadap eksplan hidup. Belum diperoleh komposisi zat pengatur tumbuh terbaik dan cara pembelahan embrio untuk meningkatkan tunas in vitro pinang., Areca nut (Areca catechu L.) is one of the commodities that has increased exports every year. The propagation of areca nut is still constrained by the provision of seedlings. Application of embryo culture by division is one of the efforts to provide seedlings. This study aimed to study the effect of media and embryo division on areca nut embryo culture in vitro. The study used a factorial randomized complete block design (RKLT) with 2 factors. The first factor was the type of media based on 3 previous studies. Another factor was the cleavage technique which consists of 3 levels (without being split, incision in half, split into two). There were 9 treatments repeated 3 times so that there were 27 experimental units and each experimental unit consisted of 4 culture bottles, each of which was planted with one embryo, there were 108 units of observation in total. The basic media used was Murashige and Skoog which were added with 15% coconut water and 2 g L-1 activated charcoal. Data analysis used F test and BNJ follow-up test. The media affected the percentage of lived explants at week 8. The composition of 1 ppm BAP and 0.1 ppm NAA was as good as the media containing 2ip 4.1 ppm on the percentage of live explants. The splitting treatment showed a significant effect on the percentage of mortality and browning of explants. Explants without cleavage resulted in significantly less browning percentage than the treatment of incision in half and splitting into two. There was an interaction at weeks 4 and 12 with live explants. The composition of the best plant growth regulators and methods of embryo division
Keyword: MS media, multiplication, PGR, phenolic compounds, shoots

Judul: Combination of Planting Media and Explant Treatment in In Vitro Tissue Culture of Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.) Seeds
Abstrak: Kultur jaringan dapat digunakan sebagai teknik budidaya tanaman dengan waktu dormansi lama, seperti aren. Namun pertumbuhan eksplan kultur jaringan juga dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, salah satunya kontaminasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi dan mendeskripsikan keberhasilan serta pertumbuhan eksplan pada kultur jaringan aren (Arenga pinnata). Biji aren disterilisasi di luar Laminar Air Flow dan di dalam Laminar Air Flow lalu dibagi ke dalam 12 kombinasi perlakuan media dan eksplan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kontaminasi eksplan dominan disebabkan oleh cendawan eksternal pada kulit biji eksplan. Browning terjadi pada eksplan embrio di dalam media MS, BAP2, glisin, pepton, dan myo-inositol yang mengalami proses pertumbuhan kalus. Eksplan steril hingga akhir pengamatan merupakan eksplan embrio pada ketiga jenis media tanam yang digunakan. Pertumbuhan eksplan tertinggi pada media MS 0 dan media kombinasi MS, BAP 2, Myo-inositol, Glisin, dan Pepton dengan jenis ekplan biji dikupas lalu direndam larutan giberelin., Tissue culture is a technique that can be used to cultivate plants that have a long dormant period, such as the sugar palm. However, contamination is one element that affects the growth of tissue culture explants. The purpose of this research is to determine and report the success and growth of sugar palm explants in tissue culture (Arenga pinnata). palm seeds were sterilized outside the laminar air flow and inside the laminar air flow then separated into 12 different medium and explant treatment combinations. The results showed that the dominant explant contamination was caused by external fungi on the explant seed coat. Browning was observed in embryo explants grown on MS, BAP2, glycine, peptone, and myo-inositol medium during the callus formation process. Sterile explants until the end of the observation were embryo explants on the three types of growing media used. Explants grew the fastest on MS 0 media and a mixture of MS, BAP 2, Myo-inositol, Glycine, and Peptone media with peeled seed explants immersed in gibberellin solution.
Keyword: aren, kontaminasi, sterilisasi, sugar palm, contamination, sterilization

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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