Judul: Karakterisasi abu terbang (Fly ash) dan eksplorasi vegetasi fitoremediator di area Landfill abu terbang untuk pengelolaan ramah lingkungan:
Abstrak: The increasing need of electricity and the decreasing availability of fosil fuel oil has increased coal based power plant development. At present in Indonesia, electricity generated from such power plant is about 30%. Combustion of coal for the generation of electricity produces solid waste such as fly ash in huge amount (7 million tons in 2008/2009). Dumped fly ash in landfill might have negative impact to environmental because fly ash contains toxic metals. In contrast fly ash contains many essensial elements for plant growth. To overcome this problem, many possible beneficial appliations of fly ash are being evaluated to minimize waste. This research was conducted to find out characteristic of fly ash and vegetation which naturally grown on fly ash landfill, and to evalute development prospective of utilization of fly ash and vegetation in the context of environmental management. Two Samples of fly ash were taken from PLTU Suralaya Cilegon Banten, i.e. electrostatic precipitator (ESP) ash and landfill ash. Roots and crowns of plants grown on landfill fly ash i.e. Passiflora foetida, Eupatorium odoratum, Chlorisbarbata, Erigeron sumatrensis and Pithecellobium dulce were sampled. Ashes were analyzed for pH, EC, organic C and element content, while plants only analyzed for metals content. The result showed not all fly ash contains toxic metals in high concentration. Vegetation which naturally grown on landfill area that potentially can be used for fitoextraction were P. foetida and Chlorisbarbata, and for fitostabilization were E. odoratum and P. dulce. According to the characteristic of the fly ash of from many area in the world it has potential to be utilization of fly ash both for agricultural and non agricultural purposes were proposed.
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Judul: Unsur-unsur yang dibebaskan dari proses pencucian abu terbang (fly ash) dari PLTU Suralaya
Abstrak: Coal combustion produce solid waste known as fly ash. A number of fly ash cause serious problem almost in every coal power plant. However fly ash consist of potential nutrient that could be used in agriculture. This research studied the chemical characteristics of fly ash and the nutrients released under leaching during 3 months. Three kind of fly ash are used fresh, 6 months deposited fly ash out-door, and 5 years out-door deported fly ash. The analyses conducted were pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), macro elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg), micro elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu), and metals (Cr, Ni). The result showed that the three fly ash samples in this research were alkali. The pH value of fresh fly ash is 11,1. The six months fly ash was 9,4 in pH value and five years fly ash was 8.4 in pH value. Electrical conductivity of fresh fly ash was 3,12 dSm-1. It was higher than electrical conductivity of landfiil’s fly ash. Electrical conductivity of six months fly ash and five years fly ash were0,76dSm-1 and 0,39 dSm-1. According to this research, fresh fly ash also contained more elements than landfiil’s fly ash. This research also used percolation method. Result of percolation method show that pH value of percolate were between 7,3 to 7,8. Percolate pH value of fresh fly ash was higher than percolate pH value landfiil’s fly ash. Percolate electrical conductivity were between 0,20 dSm-1 to 0,35 dSm-1. Percolation method also showed that percolate contained variety number of macro elements (K, Na, Ca, Mg). This percolate also has small number of micro elements (Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu) and metals (Cr, Ni). Percolate elements in the first month was higher than it were in the third month.
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Judul: Persamaan Geodesik Black Hole dengan Metrik Kerr 4+1 Dimensi dalam Koordinat Waktu Kosmik
Abstrak: Persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi dalam koordinat waktu kosmik merupakan interpretasi lain dari persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi, dimana acuan waktu yang digunakan diubah dari koordinat waktu wajar (proper time) ke dalam koordinat waktu kosmik (cosmic time). Waktu kosmik merupakan koordinat waktu yang dimana pengamat bergerak mengikuti ekspansi dari alam semesta. Penelitian ini merekonstruksi persamaan geodesik black hole dengan metrik Kerr 4+1 dimensi yang telah ditemukan pada penelitian sebelumnya menjadi persamaan geodesik yang memiliki fungsi terhadap dimensi waktu (t). Hasil akhir dari transformasi persamaan dapat digunakan sebagai bahan studi pustaka untuk penelitian lebih lanjut mengenai persamaan geodesik black hole dalam koordinat waktu kosmik.
Keyword: Dimensi ekstra, Metrik Kerr, Persamaan geodesik, Waktu kosmik