Judul: Collagen from Swim Bladder of Sea Catfish  (Arius thalassinus) as Face Serum Material
Abstrak: Kolagen merupakan protein jaringan ikat yang terdapat sekitar 30% dari tubuh manusia. Produksi kolagen mengalami penurunan seiring pertambahan usia sehingga menyebabkan kehilangan elastisitas kulit. Gelembung renang ikan manyung (Arius thalassinus) berpotensi sebagai sumber alternatif kolagen dengan kemurnian yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan lama perendaman terbaik tahap pra ekstraksi menggunakan kalium hidroksida (KOH), perbandingan bahan dan volume asam asetat (CH3COOH) pada tahap ekstraksi kolagen dan karakterisasi sediaan serum kolagen. Ekstraksi kolagen diawali tahap pra ekstraksi menggunakan KOH 0,05 M pada lama waktu terpilih selama 6 jam, ekstraksi kolagen menggunakan enzim papain aktivitas 5000 U/g sampel dengan rasio bahan dan volume CH3COOH 0,5 M 1:10 (b/v); 1:20 (b/v); 1:30 (b/v) selama 48 jam, pembuatan formula serum kolagen konsentrasi 2%. Kolagen memiliki kandungan asam amino glisina 232,695 mg/g, prolina 111,36 mg/g, alanina 99,73 mg/g, hidroksiprolina 80,92 mg/g. Rendemen kolagen yang dihasilkan 28,37 ± 0,84% dengan kelarutan 66,53 ± 1,90%, derajat pengembangan 93,26 ± 0,01% dan derajat putih 90,63 ± 1,22%. Serum wajah kolagen stabil pada suhu ruang 24 °C selama penyimpanan 28 hari. Serum kolagen memiliki viskositas 594 ± 0,00 cPs, pH 5,21 ± 0,00 dan Angka Lempeng Total (ALT) 1,25 x 10 2 CFU/mL.
Keyword: extraction, hydroxyproline, KOH, swelling ratio, acetic acid

Judul: Determinasi Profil Kolagen Gelembung Renang Ikan Manyung (Arius thalassinus) Sebagai Material Sediaan Face Spray
Abstrak: Gelembung renang ikan manyung (Arius thalassinus) sebagai hasil samping industri pengolahan ikan asin jambal roti belum banyak dimanfaatkan. Gelembung renang secara umum mengandung 30% protein dan didominasi oleh protein kolagen. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan volume pelarut terbaik pada tahap ekstraksi dan kesesuaian kolagen dengan standar bahan kosmetika serta karakteristik fisik spray kolagen ikan manyung. Ekstraksi kolagen menggunakan metode enzimatis meliputi tahap praekstraksi dengan basa kuat (NaOH) 0,05 M selama 12 jam, tahap ekstraksi dengan enzim papain 5000 U/g sampel dan pelarut asam asetat (CH3COOH) 0,5 M dengan perbandingan bahan dan volume pelarut 1:10 (b/v), 1:20 (b/v), dan 1:30 (b/v) (V1, V2, dan V3) selama 48 jam. Rendemen kolagen yang dihasilkan 30,55±1,40%, kelarutan 61,66±1,02%, derajat putih 95,43±1,71%, dan derajat pengembangan 89,33±0,001%. Kolagen gelembung renang ikan manyung telah sesuai dengan standar bahan kosmetika berdasarkan SNI 8076-2014. Spray kolagen memiliki viskositas 24,9±0,7 cPs, nilai pH 6,38±0,18 serta angka lempeng total (ALT) 1 x 101 CFU/mL.
Keyword: collagen, enzyme, spray, acid, fish, swim bladder

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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