Judul: Mempelajari pembuatan pulp kertas dari limbah kayu daun lebar dengan proses semikimia sulfit netral
Abstrak: Akibat kebutuhan yang senasia meningkat maka perlu dicari cara pengolahan yang sesuai guna memanfaatkan ba- han-bahan serat yang tersedia. indonesia umumnya ditum- buni olen kayu daun lebar yang potensinya dapat dimanfaat- kan suna pembuatan pulp rendemen tinggi. Salah satu pem- buatan pulp rendemen tinggi. ialah proses semikimia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mencoba proses semi- kimia sulfit netral dengan menggunakan kayu daun lepar yang dimasak secara campuran. Consentrasi a250; dibuat 23 bervariasi yakni 10, 15, 20 den 25 persen. Monsentrasi a2003 dibuat tetap yaani 4 persen, dan kondisi pemasaran lainnya dibuat tetap. vari serpin yang telan dimasak diperoleh kayu berwar- na aat gelap tetapi luwak untuk selanjutnya dijadikan pulp dengan tenaga makenis. derhadap pulp nasil pemasaran dila- kukan pengujian rendemen, sifat kimia dan wastu ziling. Pulp yang digiling sampai mencapai derajat kehalusan 40 45° 8 maupun pulp tanpa peasyilingan dibuat lembaran un- tuk selanjutnya iluji sifat fisiknya. ...
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Judul: Pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis JACQ) sebagai bahan baku pulp kertas dengan proses semikimia sulfit netral (NSSC)
Abstrak: Tingkat kebutuhan pulp kertas di Indonesia semakin tinggi. Pada tahun 1995 kekurangan pulp kertas di Indonesia mencapai 600.000 ton dan mengimpor lagi sekitar 1 juta ton kertas bekas. Pengamat industri pulp luar negri memperkirakan bahwa jumlah ini akan menjadi 2 kali lipat hingga 3 juta ton pada tiga tahun yang akan datang. Tingginya tingkat kebutuhan hasil hutan dan semakin ketat peraturan dan tuntutan dunia internasional tentang pemanfaatan hasil hutan terutama kayu, maka harus diusahakan bahan baku alternatif. Untuk itulah perlu dilakukan penelitian yang intensif agar diperoleh suatu bahan baku dan proses pengolahan alternatif yang dapat mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkaji pemanfaatan tandan kosong kelapa sawit sebagai bahan baku alternatif pulp dengan proses semikimia sulfit netral dan mengkaji pengaruh suhu dan konsentrasi larutan pemasak terhadap mutu pulp yang dihasilkan berdasarkan tinjuan sifat fisik. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua tahap. Tahap pertama dilakukan pengukuran terhadap sifat fisik dan kimia tandan kosong kelapa sawit, sedangkan pada tahap kedua dilakukan pembuatan pulp yang dilanjutkan dengan analisis lembaran pulp (rendemen, bilangan kappa, indeks sobek, indeks retak, indeks tarik, derajat putih, panjang putus, ketahanan lipat dan opasitas. Perlakuan yang akan dilihat pengaruhnya adalah suhu pemasakan dengan 2 taraf (160 dan 170 °C) dan konsentrasi Na2SO3 dengan 4 taraf (10, 12, 14 dan 16%). Berdasarkan analisa sifat fisik yang dilakukan, tandan kosong kelapa sawit tergolong sumber serat dengan massa jenis ringan dan sebanding dengan kayu kelas mutu III untuk bahan baku pulp dan kertas. Berdasarkan sifat kimia, tandan kosong...
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Judul: Dog Ticks Infestation and Its Correlation to Tick-Borne Diseases.
Abstrak: Ticks infestation on dog could lead to itchiness, anemia, skin disorders, and tick-borne diseases, such as Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis, Anaplasmosis and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever. Besides dogs, Ehrlichiosis were known to be zoonotic. Pre-mature stage tick life cycle that occur outside its host, will enhance contacts between ticks and human. The study of ticks infestation and tick-borne diseases on the dog is necessary, because it has not a lot of information about the diversity, prevalence and degree of ticks infestation in Indonesia. Ticks survey, included ticks sampling and dogs blood test were performed at Animal Police Directorate Security Agency (Baharkam) and Atang Sendjaja Air Force (ATS). Meanwhile ticks sampling also data of cases of ticks infestation and diseases transmitted obtained from 21 veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung. All ticks samples stored in bottles containing 70% alcohol for identification. Blood tests performed for Ehrlichiosis, Babesiosis and Anaplasmosis diagnosis. The identification results of the 950 ticks samples that obtained from 97 dogs of Baharkam, ATS and veterinary clinics in Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung, showed only one ticks species, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. This ticks belong to three-host tick, which require three hosts to complete its life cycle. Each ticks stage need a host, either same dog (if it is in place there is only one or a few dogs), as well as different dogs. Research in Baharkam conducted on 81 dogs (53 males and 28 females). The prevalence of dogs infested by ticks was 67.90%. The percentage of male dogs that infested by ticks are larger (69.81%) than female (64.29%). Based on Chi-Square test, there was no relationship between sex and breed of dog with degree of ticks infestation. Generally dogs infested with mild infestation category (41.98%), meanwhile moderate category was 18.52%, 2.47% high and 4.94% very high. The dog’s body region that the most infested by R. sanguineus was dog's back. Probably these body regions were be preferred because they are less accessible for the dog to remove them with its paws. Collection of ticks with tick-drag on Baharkam grass field showed positive results on the field that was more often used to practice by dogs. The samples that obtained was larvae stage ticks with density 152 larvae on 215m2 area of the field. Adult stage ticks and several adult females which laying eggs on the cage wall were obtained in the dog kennels. Whole of male and female ATS dogs infested with ticks (14 dogs). In general, dogs infested with very high infestation category was 64.29%, compared by high degree category (21.43%) and moderate (14.29%). Ticks predilection were found mostly on the dog’s head – neck. On ATS grass field did not reveal any ticks, but positively inside the kennels. It happens probably because dogs are rarely released from the kennel, so that the ticks was did drop-off inside the kennel. The total cases of ticks infestation of dogs at Bogor, Jakarta and Bandung veterinary clinics in 2008 until June 2013 as many as 731 cases. In general, there was an increases of the ticks infestation prevalence at three cities in that range
Keyword: Anaplasma, Babesia, Ehrlichia canis, Rhipicephalus sanguineus