Judul: Membrane electrode assembly based on composite of sulfonated polystyrene-sodium alginate for direct methanol fuel cell
Abstrak: Kinerja membran polimer elektrolit dapat ditingkatkan dengan membuat membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEA berbasis membran komposit polistirena tersulfonasi-natrium alginat (PSS-natrium alginat) dibuat dengan mencetak membran komposit teraktivasi bersamaan dengan lapisan katalis Ag/C 20% pada suhu 120-125 °C selama 3 menit. Keberhasilan pembuatan MEA terlihat dari morfologinya yang dicirikan menggunakan mikroskop elektron pemayaran (SEM) dengan terbentuknya lapisan karbon dan membran pada penampang lintang MEA. MEA berbasis PSS-natrium alginat memiliki konduktivitas proton tertinggi, yaitu 2.672 × 10-4 S/cm atau meningkat 83% dari membran PSS-natrium alginat. Hal ini menunjukkan MEA PSS-natrium alginat dapat diaplikasikan pada sistem direct methanol fuel cell dan menghasilkan beda potensial sebesar 423 mV., Polymer electrolyte membrane performance could be enhanced by producing a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEA based on composite of sulfonated polystyrene and sodium alginate (SPS-sodium alginate) was made by pressing an activated composite membrane with 20% Ag/C catalyst layer at 120-125 °C for 3 minutes. The success of preparing MEA represented by its morphology as characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the formation of carbon and membrane layers on its cross section. MEA based on SPS-alginate showed the highest proton conductivity of 2.627 × 10-4 S/cm, or increased of 83% as compared with the SPS-alginate membrane. The result indicated that MEA based on SPS-alginate could be applied to direct methanol fuel cell system and produced a potential difference of 423 mV. Keywords: composite, direct methanol fuel cell, membrane electrode assembly, sodium alginate, sulfonated polystyrene.
Keyword: komposit, membrane electrode assembly, natrium alginat, polistirena tersulfonasi, sel bahan bakar metanol

Judul: Improved performance of electrolyte membrane on sulfonated polystyrene for membrane electrode assembly
Abstrak: Membran polimer elektrolit sel bahan bakar untuk aplikasi membrane electrode assembly (MEA) harus stabil pada suhu tinggi, memiliki konduktivitas proton yang tinggi, dan permeabilitas metanol yang rendah. Dalam penelitian ini telah dibuat MEA berbasis polistirena tersulfonasi (PSS) dengan oleum pada suhu 60 ºC. Keberhasilan proses sulfonasi ditunjukkan oleh nilai derajat sulfonasi, yaitu 21.35%. Pencirian membran menggunakan spektrofotometer inframerah transformasi Fourier menunjukkan puncak serapan –SO3 di daerah 1274 cm-1 dan 1120 cm-1. MEA merupakan komponen dari proton exchange membrane fuel cell yang kedua sisi membrannya diapit oleh elektrode sebagai katalis. Katalis yang digunakan adalah Ag/C 20% dengan metode pres panas. Scanning electron microscopy menunjukkan bahwa MEA-PS memiliki struktur yang kaku dibandingkan MEA-PSS. Kinerja membran diuji menggunakan direct methanol fuel cell. MEA-PSS memiliki konduktivitas proton dan beda potensial tertinggi sebesar 2.2390×10-4 S/cm dan 350 mV. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa MEA meningkatkan konduktivitas proton lebih tinggi., Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell for membrane electrode assembly (MEA) application must be stable in high temperature, high proton conductivity, and low methanol permeability. In this experiment, MEA based on sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) was prepared by using oleum at 60 ºC. The degree of sulfonation which gained through sulfonation process is 21.35%. Membrane characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer showed –SO3 absorption at 1274 cm-1 and 1120 cm-1. MEA is a component from proton exchange membrane fuel cell with both side of the membrane was flanked by electrode as catalyst. The catalyst used was Ag/C 20% prepared by hotpress method. Scanning electron microscopy showed that MEA-PS has a rigid structure that than of MEA-PSS. The performance of membrane was tested on direct methanol fuel cell. The MEA-PSS had the highest proton conductivity of 2.2390×10-4 S/cm and the potential different of 350 mV. This indicate that MEA can increase proton conductivity. Keyword: fuel cell, membrane electrode assembly, sulfonated polystyrene
Keyword: membrane electrode assembly, polistirena tersulfonasi, sel bahan bakar

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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