Judul: Application of GDFP and GMiP on Smallholder Dairy Farms in Tajurhalang Village Cijeruk Sub-district Bogor District West Java
Abstrak: Produksi susu di Indonesia hanya mampu memenuhi sekitar 22% dari kebutuhan susu nasional sedangkan sisanya berasal dari impor. Susu berkualitas baik dan aman dikonsumsi diproduksi dari peternakan yang mengaplikasikan manajemen pemerahan dan manajemen sanitasi yang baik. Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) merupakan pedoman budidaya ternak sapi perah yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produktivitas suatu usaha peternakan sapi perah. Penerapan Good Milking Practice (GMiP) pada peternakan dapat menciptakan proses pemerahan yang higienis. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui penerapan GDFP dan GMiP di Peternakan rakyat sapi perah di Desa Tajurhalang, Kecamatan Cijeruk, Kabupaten Bogor, Jawa Barat. Jumlah responden yang diwawancarai sebanyak 38 peternak. Data dianalisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif untuk mendeskripsikan kondisi peternakan sapi perah rakyat di Desa Tajurhalang. Hasil evaluasi penerapan GDFP di Desa Tajurhalang menunjukkan nilai rataan 3,47 (baik) dan hasil evaluasi penerapan GMiP menunjukkan nilai rataan 2,92 (cukup baik). Produksi susu rata- rata di Desa Tajurhalang yaitu sekitar 10,51 Liter ekor-1 hari-1. Perlu adanya peningkatan pada beberapa aspek agar nilai GDFP dan GMiP meningkat., Milk production level in Indonesia only able to fulfill approximately 22% of national milk needs while the rest are imported. Good quality and safe to consume milks are produced by farms that apply good milking management and good sanitation. Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) is a guideline for dairy farming which aims to increase productivity of dairy farming business. Application of Good Milking Practice (GMiP) on farm can create hygienic milking process. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the application of GDFP and GMiP on smallholder dairy farms in Tajurhalang Village, Cijeruk Sub-district, Bogor District, West Java. The number of respondents that has been interviewed are 38 farmer. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis to describe the condition of smallholder dairy farms in Tajurhalang Village. The result of the evaluation of GDFP in Tajurhalang Village show an average value of 3,47 (good) and the evaluation of GMiP show an average value of 2,92 (good enough). Average milk production in Tajurhalang Village is ±10,51 Liter heads-1 day-1. Improvements are needed in several aspects so the value of GDFP and GMiP could increase.
Keyword: Cijeruk, Dairy cow, Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP), Good Milking Practice (GMiP), Smallholder farms

Judul: Penerapan GDFP dan GMiP Peternakan Sapi Perah Rakyat Kawasan Rural Kecamatan Pangalengan Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Peternakan sapi perah di Indonesia didominasi oleh peternakan sapi perah skala kecil. Peternakan sapi perah rakyat dikelola oleh petani dengan skala kecil dan manajemen tradisional. Manajemen profesional adalah salah satu upaya untuk mengoptimalkan produksi susu dalam hal kuantitas dan kualitas pada sapi perah. Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) dan Good Milking Practice (GMiP) adalah pedoman untuk meningkatkan usaha peternakan sapi perah dan kualitas susu yang dihasilkan. Studi ini mempelajari penerapan GDFP dan GMiP pada peternakan sapi perah rakyat kawasan Rural dengan populasi di bawah 10 ekor. Berdasarkan data sekunder kependudukan Kecamatan Pangalengan yang masuk kawasan rural atau pedesaan meliputi Desa Banjarsari, Desa Margaluyu, Desa Pulosari, dan Desa Tribaktimulya. Penerapan GDFP mencakup aspek pembibitan dan reproduksi, memberi makan dan minum, manajemen, kandang dan peralatan, kesehatan hewan, dan kesejahteraan hewan. Penerapan GMiP mencakup proses penanganan sapi dan peralatan memerah susu sebelum memerah susu, selama memerah susu, dan setelah memerah susu. Penerapan Good Dairy Farming Practice (GDFP) di peternakan rakyat sapi perah kawasan rural Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung Jawa Barat secara keseluruhan sudah diterapkan dengan baik oleh peternak. Penerapan Good Milking Practices (GMiP) secara keseluruhan diterapkan cukup baik. Produksi hasil rataan susu peternaka rakyat kawasan rural tergolong tinggi yakni sebesar 14,15 L ekor-1 hari-1.
Keyword: good dairy farming practice, good milking, practice, rural, dairy cows, dairy farm

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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