Judul: Penanganan Keheterogenan Ragam Menggunakan Transformasi Box-Cox dan GARCH pada Model Deret Waktu ARIMA
Abstrak: Model Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) merupakan sebuah metode peramalan yang menggunakan sifat dan karakteristik dari data masa lalu untuk meramalkan data deret waktu selanjutnya. Namun, diperlukan penyelesaian keheterogenan ragam pada data dengan melakukan transformasi Box-Cox atau Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) pada model ARIMA, sehingga diperoleh model ARIMA-GARCH. Selanjutnya dilakukan perbandingan antara model ARIMA yang melalui transfomasi Box-Cox dengan model ARIMA-GARCH dengan melihat besar error dari masing-masing model untuk kemudian dilakukan peramalan menggunakan salah satu model tersebut. Data yang digunakan adalah harga saham harian PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk tanggal 2 Januari 2018 hingga 28 Desember 2018, yang kemudian dilakukan peramalan untuk 6 periode mendatang. Model akhir yang diperoleh adalah ARIMA(2,1,2) untuk model dengan transformasi Box-Cox dengan MAPE sebesar 1.55%, yang mana lebih kecil dari model ARIMA(2,1,2)-GARCH(4,0) dengan MAPE sebesar 53.93%. Hasil peramalan untuk 6 periode berikutnya menghasilkan nilai MAPE sebesar 1.01%, di mana tingkat kesalahan yang dihasilkan cukup rendah., Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA) is a forecasting method that uses characteristics of past data to predict future time series data. However, it is necessary to solve the heterogeneity of variance in the data by performing a Box-Cox transformation or Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (GARCH) on the ARIMA model, so that the ARIMA-GARCH model is obtained. Furthermore, a comparison is made between the ARIMA model through the Box-Cox transformation and the ARIMA-GARCH model by looking at the error size of each model and then forecasting using one of these models. The data used is the daily share price of PT Telkom Indonesia Tbk from January 2, 2018 to December 28, 2018, which is then forecasted for the next 6 periods. The final model obtained is ARIMA(2,1,2) for the model with Box-Cox transformation with a MAPE of 1.55%, which is smaller than the ARIMA(2,1,2)-GARCH(4,0) model with a MAPE of 53.93%. Forecasting results for the next 6 periods produce a MAPE value of 1.01%, in which the error rate is quite low.
Keyword: ARIMA, Box-Cox, forecasting, GARCH, time series

Judul: Implementation methods of ARCH/GARCH model at closing price of stock in indonesian stock exchange period 2005-2013
Abstrak: Saham merupakan bukti kepemilikan seseorang terhadap suatu Perseroan Terbatas. Harga saham bergerak secara fluktuatif setiap harinya sehingga menyebabkan terjadinya volatilitas. Volatilitas merupakan sebuah pola ragam dari deret waktu, khususnya deret waktu keuangan dan disebut tidak stasioner karena keragamannya yang tidak konstan. Kondisi tersebut memungkinkan terjadinya heteroskedastisitas yang menyebabkan perlu dianalisis lebih lanjut setelah melakukan pemodelan ARIMA Box-Jenskin yaitu memodelkan ragam dengan menggunakan metode Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) dan Generalized Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) yang diperkenalkan oleh Robert Engle dan Tim Bollerslev untuk mengatasi masalah heteroskedastisitas. Dari hasil pemodelan data harga penutupan saham diperoleh model terbaik yaitu model rataan ARIMA(1,1,2) dan model ragam GARCH(1,1) yaitu Zt = 1.9999Zt-1 – 0.9999Zt-2 + 0.9072et-1 – 0.0897et-2 + εt. Hal ini berarti ragamnya dipengaruhi oleh kuadrat sisaan dan ragam bersyarat satu periode yang lalu. Hasil dari validasi model didapatkan nilai MAPE sebesar 1.31% dan nilai MAD sebesar 63.8411 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa model yang dihasilkan valid. Kata kunci : ARCH, GARCH, heteroskedastisitas, volatilitas., Stock is proof of person’s ownership to a limited company liability. Stock prices have daily fluctuate moves basis thus causing volatility. Volatility is a variances pattern of time series, especially financial time series, and then that is not stationary causing the variances are not constant. These condition allow for heteroscedasticity, and then need further analysis after doing ARIMA Box-Jenskin’s modeling then doing variances modeling with Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) and Generelized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) introduced by Robert Engle and Tim Bollerslev to solve the problem of heteroscedasticity. From the results of closing prices data modeling we get ARIMA(1,1,2) for the best mean model and GARCH(1,1) for the best variance model. This means that the variances are affected by square residuals and conditional variance. The results obtained from the model validation MAPE value is 1.31% and MAD value is 63.8411 so it can be concluded that the resulting model is valid. Keywords : ARCH, GARCH, heteroscedasticity, volatility
Keyword: ARCH, GARCH, heteroskedastisitas, volatilitas

Judul: Biology Of Columbia Lance Nematode (Hoplolaimus Columbus Sher) On Soybean Excised Root Culture
Abstrak: S. Supramana, S. A. Lewis,.J. D. Mueller, B. A. Fortnum, and R. E. Ballard. 2001. Biology of Columbia lance nematod. ~ (Hoplolaimus columbus Sher) on soybean excised root culture. Nematropica 31 :283-2~)O. Feeding, egg development and oviposition, embryology, and postembtyonic development or Hoplolaimus col'lmbuswere observed on soybean (cultivar Hutcheson) excised root culture in Gam borg's B5 medium (pH 5.7,1.3% agar). Petri plate sterile cultures were placed inverted on a heated microscope stage (30°C) and observations were conducted using a color video camera and a time lapse digital videoca:;sette recorder. Oocytes were obsetved in each gonad 38 hours after feeding commenced and all egg possessing a terminal stalk was laid 96 hours later. Eggs were deposited it, the one-celled stag~ and a total of 217 hours (9 days) was required for a"newly laid egg to develop into a hatching second-stage juvenile at 30°C. Postembryonic development consisted of threejuvenile stages and an adult female with prior feeding occurring before molts and oviposition. The nematode fed ectoparasiticallyon the subepidermal cells and endoparasitically in the cortex and outer vascular tissue and remained at the infection site for 2·9 days. Key words: Columbia lance nematode, embryology, excised root culture, feeding behavior, HOfilo{aimus columbus, life cycle, oviposition, postembryonic development, soybean.
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