Judul: Feeding Behavior and Performance of Growing Phase Kaligesing  and Senduro Etawa Crossbreed (PE) Goats Fed Different Forms of Starter Concentrate
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis tingkah laku makan dan performa kambing Peranakan Etawa (PE) Kaligesing dan Senduro fase pertumbuhan yang diberi konsentrat starter berbeda bentuk. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) faktorial dengan 2 faktor perlakuan dan 3 kali ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah bentuk konsentrat starter yang terdiri dari P1 = mash, P2 = pellet. Faktor kedua adalah bangsa kambing yang terdiri dari K1 = PE Senduro, dan K2 = PE Kaligesing. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan perlakuan yang berbeda nyata diuji lanjut dengan Uji Duncan menggunakan SAS Studio. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bentuk konsentrat starter dan bangsa kambing tidak berpengaruh nyata (P>0,05) terhadap performa kambing. Perlakuan bentuk konsentrat starter berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap tingkah laku makan kambing berupa prehensi dan mastikasi. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah konsentrat starter berbentuk pellet dan bangsa kambing PE senduro memiliki performa yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan bentuk konsentrat starter berbentuk mash dan bangsa kambing PE Kaligesing., This study aimed to analyze the feeding behavior and performance of Etawa Kaligesing and Senduro Crossbreed (PE) goats in the growing phase fed with different forms of starter concentrate. This study used a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with 2 treatment factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the form of starter concentrate consisting of P1 = mash, P2 = pellet. The second factor was the goat breed consisting of K1 = Senduro PE, and K2 = Kaligesing PE. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and significantly different treatments were further tested with Duncan’s using SAS Studio. The results showed that the treatment forms of starter concentrate and goat breed had no significant effect (P>0.05) on goat performance. The treatment of concentrate starter form had a significant effect (P<0.05) on feeding behavior of goat in the form of prehension and mastication. The conclusion of this study was that the starter concentrate in the form of pellet, and Senduro PE goat breed have higher performance than the starter concentrate in the form of mash, and Kaligesing PE goat breed.
Keyword: etawa crossbreed, feeding behavior, mash, pellet, performance

Judul: Feeding Behavior and Performances of Different Aged Male Senduro Goat Fed on Mash and Pellet of Starter Concentrate
Abstrak: Penelitian ini betujuan menganalisis tingkah laku makan dan performa kambing Senduro fase lepas sapih dan fase pertumbuhan yang diberi konsentrat starter berbentuk mash dan pellet. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) pola faktorial 2x2 dengan 3 ulangan. Faktor pertama adalah bentuk konsentrat starter yang terdiri dari P1 = mash dan P2 = pellet. Faktor kedua adalah umur ternak yaitu K1 = fase lepas sapih dan K2 = fase pertumbuhan. Data dianalisis menggunakan Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) dan perlakuan yang berbeda nyata diuji lanjut dengan Uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bentuk konsentrat berpengaruh (P<0,05) terhadap prehensi dan mastikasi kambing. Prehensi konsentrat starter juga dipengaruhi (P<0,05) oleh umur kambing. Perbedaan bentuk konsentrat tidak berbeda nyata (P>0,05) terhadap konsumsi nutrein kambing. Umur kambing mempengaruhi (P<0,05) konsumsi nutrien dan Pertambahan Bobot Badan Harian (PBBH). Konsentrat starter berbentuk pellet menghasilkan PBBH dan efisiensi pakan lebih tinggi (P<0,05). Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah konsentrat starter berbentuk pellet lebih efisien dalam meningkatkan performa kambing Senduro., This study aimed to analyze the feeding behavior and performance of Senduro goats fed on different forms of starter concentrate during post-weaning and growth period. This study used a 2x2 factorial randomized block design with 3 replicates. The first factor is concentrate forms (P1 = mash form and P2 = pellet form). The second factor is age of goats (K1 = post-weaning phase and K2 = growing phase). The variables observed were feeding behavior, nutrient consumption, average daily gain (ADG), and feed efficiency. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan Test if the treatment means were significantly different. The results showed that the form of concentrate a significantly affected (P<0.05) prehension and mastication in goat feeding behavior. Prehension of starter concentrate was also influenced (P<0.05) by goat age. Nutrient intake of Senduro goat kids fed on different forms of concentrate didn‘t show significant differences (P>0.05). Goat age significantly affected (P<0.05) nutrient intake and average daily gain (ADG). Providing pellet-form starter concentrate resulted in higher average daily gain and feed efficiency (P<0.05) compared to mash-form concentrate. In conclusion, pellet-form starter concentrate is more efficient in enhancing the performance of Senduro goat kids.
Keyword: feeding behaviour, performance, mash, pellet, senduro

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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