Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Bakteri Escherichia coli pada Sarang Burung Walet Ekspor ke Tiongkok
Abstrak: Sarang burung walet merupakan komoditi ekspor yang bernilai tinggi. Kebutuhan akan sarang burung walet di pasar internasional sangat besar dan merupakan salah satu komoditas unggulan yang diekspor ke Tiongkok. Sarang burung walet yang akan diekspor ke negara Tiongkok harus memenuhi standar kualitas yang dipersyaratkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri Escherichia coli pada sarang burung walet ekspor ke Tiongkok. Sebanyak 40 sampel sarang burung walet putih yang akan diekspor ke negara Tiongkok diuji di Laboratorium Balai Besar Uji Standar Karantina Pertanian (BBUSKP). Pengujian dilakukan dengan metode Most Probable Number (MPN) terdiri dari uji pendugaan (LC broth) dan uji peneguhan (EC broth), uji pada media L–EMBA, dan uji IMVIC (Indole, Methyl–Red, Voger Proskauer, Citrate). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 8 sampel positif pada uji pendugaan (LC broth) dan peneguhan (EC broth) yang dinyatakan sebagai suspect bakteri E. coli. Hasil pengujian terhadap 8 sampel suspect dengan uji pada media L–EMBA menunjukkan hasil negatif atau tidak ditemukan adanya bakteri mikroba patogen E. coli pada semua sampel sarang burung walet. Kata
Keyword: Ekspor, Escherichia coli, Most Probable Number, Sarang Burung Walet, Tiongkok

Judul: Isolasi Dan Identifikasi Bakteri Staphylococcus aureus Pada Sarang Burung Walet Ekspor
Abstrak: Sarang burung walet merupakan komoditas ekspor bernilai tinggi, oleh karena itu karantina pertanian harus menjamin produk aman dari kontaminasi mikroba. Staphylococcus aureus merupakan bakteri yang dapat ditemukan di lingkungan seperti air, debu, makanan, minuman, peralatan makan, pada manusia maupun pada hewan sehingga menjadi salah satu penyebab keracunan pangan (foodborn diseases). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi bakteri Staphylococcus aureus pada sarang burung walet ekspor ke Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT). Sebanyak 40 sampel sarang burung walet diuji di Laboratorium Balai Besar Uji Standar Karantina Pertanian (BBUSKP) Rawamangun. Hasil pemeriksaan berdasarkan metode isolasi sampel pada Baird-Parker Agar (BPA) menunjukkan 7,5% dari total sampel yang diuji merupakan suspect koloni S. aureus. Pemeriksaan lebih lanjut menggunakan metode identifikasi dengan uji koagulase menunjukkan tidak ada bakteri patogen Staphylococcus aureus yang ditemukan dalam sampel sarang burung walet yang diekspor ke Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT). Hal ini menunjukkan tindakan yang dilakukan saat pemrosesan sarang burung walet ekspor telah berhasil menekan keberadaan bakteri Staphylococcus aures pada sarang burung walet.
Keyword: Baird-Parker Agar (BPA, Sarang Burung Walet, Ekspor, Staphylococcus aureus

Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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