Judul: Studi Asupan Zat Gizi Mikro dan Paparan Pestisida dari Konsumsi Sayuran di Kabupaten Banggai
Abstrak: Vegetables are the source of vitamins, minerals and natural fiber. Consuming vegetable without the assurance of food security can lead to dangerous risk such as the possibility of pesticide toxic accumulation in human body in a long term. This study objective was to evaluate the adequacy of nutrition intake (vitamin and mineral) from vegetable consumption and the exposure of pestiside from vegetable consumption at Banggai District. The initial step of this research was conducting survey on vegetable consumption on household level at Luwuk, Toili, Pagimana and Batui Sub-districts. The nutrition intake ( vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin C, Calcium, Phosphor and Iron) of vegetable consumption, reckoned from vitamin and mineral rate at each kind of vegetable based on vitamin and mineral secondary data from Food Ingredient Composition List, released by Director of Nutrition, Indonesian Health Department (1981). The next phase was identifying the types of pesticide used in the practices of plant agitator organism (OPT: in bahasa) management on vegetable at Banggai District. Based the first two steps, the selected pestiside residue in selected vegetables was analysed. The survey data were used to calculate the nutrition intake (vitamin and mineral). The exposure of pesticide was calculated based on consumption level of vegetable and pesticide content in respective vegetables. Continued with the inspection of pesticide residue on dominat vegetable which consumed by respondents and using pesticide in cultivation. Then calculating the pestiside exposure and nutrition intake (vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin C, Calcium, Phosphor and Iron). The result showed that the average value of vegetable consumption by all respondent is 226 g/person/day (recommendation by FDA 225 - 375 g/person/day). The results of the vitamins intake are 43% RDI of vitamin A, 11.91% RDI of vitamin B1 and 66.69% RDI of vitamin C. While the minerals intake are Calcium 23.98% RDI, Phosphor 30.43% RDI, and Iron 28.39% RDI. The level of intake from vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin C, Calcium, Phosphor, and iron are below Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI). According to the estimation of pesticide exposure value per respondent body mass, the result of estimation is below Acceptable Daily Intake (ADI). The exposure of methidathion from string bean consumption is 0.011 μg/kg BW (1.078% ADI), chlorpyrifos exposure of tomato consumption is 0.02 μg/kg BW (0.170% ADI), cyhalotrin exposure of chickpea consumption is 0.003 μg/kg BW (0.139% ADI), profenofos exposure of cabbage consumption is 0.02 μg/kg BW (0.243% ADI), chlorpyrifos exposure of celery consumption is 0.00004 μg/kg BW (0.0004% ADI), and cypermethrin exposure of consumption green mustard 0.069 μg/kg BW (0.138% ADI).
Keyword: 

Judul: Analysis of Organophosphate Pesticide Residue in Rice and Farmer Behavior in Subang District
Abstrak: Pestisida golongan organofosfat merupakan salah satu jenis pestisida yang banyak digunakan dalam bidang pertanian, karena golongan pestisida ini merupakan racun pembasmi serangga yang paling toksik secara akut terhadap binatang bertulang belakang, serta mudah terurai di alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui residu organofosfat pada beras dari berbagai varietas dan lokasi pertanaman padi serta mengetahui perilaku petani dalam penggunaan pestisida. Penelitian analisis residu pestisida golongan organofosfat dalam beras dan perilaku petani dalam penggunaan pestisida dilakukan di Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat pada bulan Mei hingga Juni 2020. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis gas kromatografi terhadap sampel beras yang berasal dari tiga kecamatan Kabupaten Subang, yaitu: Kecamatan Ciasem, Purwadadi, dan Sagalaherang. Pengambilan data sampel perilaku petani dilakukan secara purposive sampling dengan menggunakan kuesioner dan wawancara mengenai penggunaan pestisida dalam usahatani padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan residu bahan aktif organofosfat dengan bahan aktif Diazinon, Klorpirifos dan Fenitrotion pada beras varietas Ciherang, Inpari 32 HDB dan IR64 secara signifikan lebih rendah dari masing-masing ambang Batas Maksimum Residu (BMR) pestisida yang diperbolehkan pada hasil pertanian berdasarkan Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7313:2008. Hasil ini dapat dinyatakan bahwa beras ketiga varietas yang dihasilkan dari tiga kecamatan di Kabupaten Subang, dapat dinyatakan aman untuk dikonsumsi dari efek residu organofosfat. Rendahnya nilai residu pestisida organofosfat pada beras disebabkan karena perilaku petani dalam menggunakan pestisida umumnya telah sesuai dengan konsep pengendalian hama terpadu, yaitu tepat dosis, tepat waktu, tepat jenis, dan tepat sasaran sesuai dengan jenis hama dan penyakit tanamannya., Organophosphate pesticides are one type of pesticide that is widely used in agriculture, because this class of pesticides is the most vertically toxic insecticide against vertebrates, and this organophosphate class pesticide is easily biodegradable in nature. The objective of this study was to determine the organophosphate residue in rice from various varieties and locations of rice cultivation and to determine the behavior of farmers in using pesticides. The research of analysis of pesticide residues in the organophosphate group in rice and farmer behavior in using pesticides was conducted in Subang Regency, West Java from May to June 2020. This research was conducted by using gas chromatography analysis method on rice samples from three sub-districts of Subang Regency, namely: Ciasem, Purwadadi, and Sagalaherang Districts. The data collection of farmer behavior samples was conducted by purposive sampling using questionnaires and interviews regarding the use of pesticides in rice farming. The research results showed that the residual content of the active organophosphate with active ingredients Diazinon, Chlorpyrifos and Fenitrotion in rice varieties Ciherang, Inpari 32 HDB and IR64 was signifikanly lower than the respective threshold for maximum residue limit (BMR) of pesticides allowed on agricultural products based on Standar Nasional Indonesia (SNI) 7313: 2008. These results can be stated that the three varieties of rice produced from three districts in Subang Regency, can be declared safe for consumption from the effects of organophosphate residues. The low value of organophosphate pesticide residues in rice was caused by the behavior of farmers in using pesticides generally in accordance with the concept of integrated pest control, namely the right dose, right time, right type, and right target according
Keyword: Beras, Residu Organofosfat, Perilaku Petani, rice, residues organophosphates, farmer behavior

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: