Judul: Draft force and energy reduction of soil tillage by Selfexcited Vibration method
Abstrak: Soil compaction potentially inhibits plant growth and reduces crop productivity. To loosen the compact soil, however high draft force and energy consumption are needed. The cause of which is due to soil cohesion, adhesion and friction between soil and tillage tool. It’s well known that vibratory-tillage could reduce that soil cohesion, adhesion and friction between soil and tillage tools so that the draft force and energy consumption required is reduced. In this research, soil tillage by self-excited vibration (SEV) method has been conducted. The objective of this research was to obtain vibratory-system of self-excited vibration vibratory-tillage (SEVVT) so that the vibration of the tillage tool will reduce draft force and energy consumption during tillage operation. The research was divided into three steps, i.e.: analytical study, equipment design and experiment study. In the analytical study, the vibration of SEVVT was simulated as a vibration with single degree of freedom system (SDOF) and two degrees of freedom system (TDOF). The vibration of tillage tool was exerted by natural excitation of the varying cutting force. The elasticity of the elastic spring or the inertia of the tillage tool was optimized such that the tillage tool vibrates violently around its resonant frequency. Draft force reductions about 22-47 % were observed. In the second step, the equipment was designed methodologically using VDI2221, with focus on the conceptual design. The embodiment design was then conducted to exemplify that the conceptual design was simple, easy to understand, and economically realizable. In the last step, soil tillage was conducted in a soil bin with the dimension of 1.2 m long, 0.3 m wide and 0.4 m depth. Clay loam soil was conditioned in soil bin into two layer namely hardpan and top soil. The tillage tool was connected to a fixed structure using a new model of semi-elliptical spring. The tillage speeds used were 0.158, 0.212 and 0.265 m/s. Five treatments were tested, i.e.: Non vibratory-system (NST), SDOF with rear spring orientation (RST), SDOF with front spring orientation (FST), TDOF system (TST) and low energy vibratory-system (VST). In the RST orientation, the draft force raised the elevation of the tillage tool tip, and the draft force caused the tillage tool tip elevation decrease in the FST orientation. Compared to NST, the average draft force in the FST orientation showed an increase of up to 46-96 %, whereas a draft force reduction were found in the RST and in the TST treatment. In the VST treatment, a small unbalance mass of 0.24 and 0.35 kg was rotated 530 and 1150 rpm respectively and causing tillage tool vibrate with low amplitude. Compared to NST, draft force reduction about 7.3-38.3 % and energy reduction about 4.8- 14.4% were found.
Keyword: Low energy vibratory-system, Tillage tool, Agricultural machine

Judul: The use of materials having low adhesion and friction coefficient on soil as landside of moldboard plow to reduce tillage draft
Abstrak: Farm machinery has an important role in agricultural activities, especially in tillage. One of the tillage indicators is draft, which has relation with tillage quality and energy consumption. One of the factors affected pulling draft was the friction between the tool and the soil. Friction resistamce had two variables that were adhesion and friction coefficiemt. Almost tillage tools have friction with the soil, one of them is moldboard plow. Moldboard plow was the oldest tillage tool, but it is still used by the farmers, since at produces good work and it has a simple and a unique design.
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Judul: Warna bulu kucing ras Persia : variasi pola warna dan pewarisannya
Abstrak: Kucing Persia merupakan kucing ras yang paling umum dijumpai di Indonesia. Kucing Persia memiliki bulu yang panjang dengan variasi warna bulu yang sangat beragam. Perkawinan yang lebih terarah sangat perlu dilakukan untuk meningkatkan kualitas genetik warna dan pola warna bulu kucing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari variasi warna dan pola warna bulu kucing Persia yang terdapat di Indonesia, yang dilakukan di kantor pusat Cat Fancy Indonesia mulai bulan Oktober 2000 sampai Januari 2001. Data yang digunakan merupakan data pedigree kucing Persia yang tercatat di Cat Fancy Indonesia dari tahun 1997 sampai Oktober 2001 yang terdiri dari 187 jantan dan 258 betina, selain itu juga dilakukan pengamatan langsung kepada tiga penyayang dan breeder kucing yang ada di Bandung. Secara umum tercatat 104 penyayang dan breeder kucing ras di Indonesia, 74,04% terdapat di Jawa Barat dan sisanya (25%) terdapat di daerah Jakarta. Jumlah kucing Persia yang lahir di Indonesia adalah 387 kucing (87,16%), yang terdiri dari 163 (42,12%) jantan dan 224 (57,88%) betina. Jumlah kucing Persia yang diimpor ke Indonesia adalah sebanyak 57 (12,845%) yang terdiri dari 23 (40,35%) jantan dan 34 (59,65%) betina. Jumlah kucing Persia yang terdapat di Jawa Barat (84,14%) lebih banyak dibanding jumlah kucing Persia yang ada di Jakarta (14,86%). Secara umum warna bulu cream (9,01%) dan pola warna solid (34,01%) memiliki persentase tertinggi. Warna cream merupakan warna dilusi dari warna merah (red) yang dapat dihasilkan dari berbagai macam kombinasi warna bulu yang dimiliki tetua sebelumnya, sebagai contoh dari perkawinan tetua yang memiliki warna bulu cream dengan red smoke. Perkawinan antara tetua yang memiliki warna dan pola warna bulu yang tidak murni dapat menghasilkan turunan yang memiliki warna dan pola warna bulu yang bervariasi.
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