Judul: Performances of 1-8 Weeks Old Local Ducks Treated by The Ration Supplemented with Papaya Leaf Meal
Abstrak: Biaya pakan merupakan pengeluaran terbesar pada faktor produksi, berkisar antara 60-70%. Dalam rangka menekan biaya pakan, perlu dilakukan upaya meningkatkan efisiensi penggunaan pakan. Beberapa peneliti memanfaatkan daun pepaya sebagai feed additive alami, dapat merangsang pertumbuhan dan menurunkan angka kematian. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji penambahan tepung daun pepaya pada pakan terhadap performa itik master yang meliputi konsumsi pakan, bobot badan, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi pakan, mortalitas dan income over feed and duck cost (IOFDC) selama 8 minggu. Penelitian menggunakan empat perlakuan dan tiga ulangan dengan menambahkan tepung daun pepaya level (0, 2, 4, dan 6%) ke dalam pakan komersial. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan tepung daun pepaya sebanyak 2, 4, dan 6% dalam pakan itik selama 8 minggu sebagai feed additive, mampu meningkatkan konsumsi pakan. Namun demikian, peningkatan konsumsi pakan tersebut tidak menyebabkan bobot badan dan pertambahan bobot badannya lebih besar, sehingga konversi pakannya menjadi lebih tinggi dan nilai IOFDC lebih rendah dari kontrol., The cost of feed is the most significant expenses in livestock production, 60-70% of the total production costs. Nevertheless, often the price of expensive feed does not match the expected results. There are many studies on natural feed additives that are used to increase the efficiency of feed use, stimulate growth and reduce mortality, namely papaya leaves. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of the addition of papaya leaf meal to feed on the performance of master ducks, including feed consumption, body weight, body weight gain, feed conversion, mortality, and income over feed and duck cost (IOFDC) for eight weeks. The study used four treatments and three replications by adding papaya leaf meal levels (0, 2, 4, and 6%) to commercial feed. The results showed that the use of papaya leaf flour as much as 2, 4, and 6% in duck feed for 8 weeks as a feed additive, increased feed consumption. However, the increase in feed consumption did not result in greater body weight and weight gain, so the feed conversion was higher and the IOFDC value was lower than the control.
Keyword: feed, feed additive, master ducks, papaya leaf meal, performance

Judul: The Use of Prill fat in Pollard-Based Feed on The Performance of Broiler Ducks
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi performans itik pedaging yang diberi pakan prill fat pada pakan berbasis pollard. Pemeliharaan itik dilakukan di kandang itik Beji, Kota Depok, Jawa Barat. Pada bulan Oktober – Desember 2021. Seratus dua puluh DOD (day old duck) dibagi secara acak menjadi tiga perlakuan (empat puluh DOD/perlakuan). Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA dengan SPSS dan jika ada perbedaan yang signifikan data selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan uji Duncan. Perlakuan yaitu P1 = pakan tanpa prill fat, P2= Pakan mengandung 2,5% prill fat, P3= Pakan mengandung 5% prill fat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap konsumsi pakan, pertambahan berat badan dan konversi pakan, sedangkan perlakuan berpengaruh nyata terhadap bobot badan akhir dan nilai income over feed and duck cost. Nilai tertinggi rataan bobot badan akhir diperoleh pada perlakuan P1 sebesar 1464,76 g, P2 sebesar 1415,82 g dan nilai terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan P3 yaitu 1353,55 g. Hasil yang sama juga pada income over feed and duck cost dimana nilai tertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan P1 sebesar Rp22.020,35, P2 sebesar Rp19.522,21 dan nilai terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan P3 sebesar Rp16.905,13. Pemberian pakan berbasis pollard tanpa prill fat menghasilkan nilai IOFDC dan bobot badan akhir terbaik. Semakin tinggi level pemberian prill fat maka bobot badan akhir dan IOFDC yang dihasilkan semakin menurun., This study aims to evaluate the performance of broiler ducks fed prill fat on pollard-based feed. Duck rearing was carried out in the Beji duck pen, Depok City, West Java. In October – December 2021. One hundred twenty DOD (day old duck) were randomly divided into three treatments (forty DOD/treatment). The experimental design used was Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA with SPSS and if there were significant differences in data then analyzed using Duncan's test. The treatments were P1 = feed without prill fat, P2 = feed containing 2.5% prill fat, P3 = feed containing 5% prill fat. The results showed that the treatment had no significant effect on feed consumption, weight gain and feed conversion, while the treatment had a significant effect on final body weight and value of income over feed and duck cost. The highest mean final body weight was obtained in treatment P1 of 1464.76 g and P2 of 1415.82 g and the lowest value was obtained in treatment of P3 which was 1353.55 g. The results are the same for income over feed and duck cost where the highest value is obtained in treatment P1 of Rp22,020.35, P2 is Rp19,522.21 and the lowest value is obtained in treatment P3 of Rp16,905.13. Feeding based on pollard without prill fat produced the best IOFDC and final body weight. The higher the level of prill fat, the lower the final body weight and IOFDC produced.
Keyword: IOFDC, performa, pollard, prill fat, itik

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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