Judul: Optimalisasi  Pengadaan  Bahan  Baku  dan  Produksi  Karet  Olahan  di  Perkebunan  Cikumpay  PTPN  VIII,  Purwakarta,  Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Karet alam merupakan salah satu komoditi pertanian yang menjadi andalan untuk meningkatkan perolehan devisa. Sebagian besar karet alam yang dihasilkan Indonesia ditujukan untuk diekspor ke negara-negara industri maju. Pada peri ode 1994-1998, volume karet alam Indonesia mengalami peningkatan dengan pertumbuhan 7.4 % per tahun. Di masa yang akan datang, karet alam mempunyai prospek yang cerah, baik itu di pasaran internasional maupun di pasaran domestik. Permintaan karet alam dunia akan mengalami peningkatan dengan pertumbuhan sebesar 2.5 % per tahun. Namun demikian, prospek karet alam yang cerah tersebut tidak diikuti oleh perkembangan harga yang cukup bagus. Harga karet alam dunia sampai tahun 1999 triwulan I belum juga pulih semenjak mengalami penurunan pada tahun 1996. Penurunan harga karet alam dunia tersebut diperkirakan disebabkan oleh tingginya pasokan karet alam dan adanya krisis ekonomi yang melanda sebagian besar negara- negara Asia.
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Judul: Peremajaan Tanaman Karet di Perkebunan Cibungur PT Perkebunan XI, Sukabumi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Di Indonesia sebelum tahun 1972, karet alam merupakan sumber devisa nomor dua setelah minyak bumi. Dihasil kan oleh lebih dari 23 negara termasuk Indonesia, yang tergabung dalam Association of Natural Rubber Producing Countries (A.N.R.P.C.). Negara-negara tersebut menghasil kan kira-kira 90 persen dari produksi karet dunia. 1) Selama 30 tahun terakhir ini, konsumsi karet alam dan karet sintetik dunia terus meningkat dengan kenaikan 6,8 persen tiap tahun. Kenaikan konsumsi ini akan berlangsung selama periode tahun 1980 sampai tahun 1990. Pada saat yang sama kenaikan konsumsi karet alam diduga kira-kira 280.000 metrik tiap tahun. Diperkirakan kenaikan konsumsi karet alam tidak akan mampu dipenuhi oleh negara-negara produsen karet alam termasuk Indonesia.1) - Sejak tahun 1960 sampai sekarang, Indonesia menjadi negara produsen karet alam kedua setelah Malaysia. Mengingat hal itu, prospek karet alam di masa mendatang cukup cerah. Dengan demikian usaha untuk mempertinggi produksi karet alam Indonesia dirasakan sangat perlu. ...
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Judul: DNA Extraction and Characterization of Salmonella‟s Lytic Bacteriophage Genome
Abstrak: Bacteriophages are ubiquitous in nature and are known to proliferate wherever their bacterial hosts exist. Their virion particles can exist independently outside the host, however all phages are need their host to propagate. Several phages are highly specific to host cell surface receptors and any slight changes in structure results in little or no interaction between the phage and its host. Salmonella‟s phage isolated from sewage water where their bacteria exist. Three isolated of phages (phages 15, 19 and 38) were used in this research that concentrated using three types of methods. PEG/ NaCl method was firstly used to concentrate the phages based on their molecular weight to precipitate the phage particles during centrifugation. The second method was Scraping Plaque method. In this method, overlay plaques were scraped and collected in SM buffer to get phage concentrates. Enrichment method was the last method used to concentrate the phages. Phage genome isolation was done using two methods i.e. EDTA/SDS and Proteinase K methods. The first method was done using DNase I to eliminate bacterial DNA followed by SDS/EDTA treatment to release phages DNA and phenol-chloroform-isoamyl alcohol to extract the DNA. DNA was collected by isopropanol extraction. While in Proteinase K method, bacterial DNA was eliminated by DNase I and Proteinase K/SDS was used to degrade phages capsids and ethanol for DNA precipitation. The result showed that PEG/NaCl method resulted the highest phage concentration for phage 15 and phage 19, while scrapping method was the highest for phage 38. The quantity and purity of extracted DNA were low for PEG/NaCl and Scraping methods, while Enrichment method was higher indicated higher purity. Run on agarose gel electrophoresis of extracted DNA confirmed that Enrichment method results were the best while scraping and PEG/NaCl method was appeared smear background. Based on DNA genome size determination, the bacteriphages of Salmonella sp were comparable with other study of Salmonella phages. Phage P15 with genome size of 39,5 kb was close to phage epsilon15. Phage P19 with genome size of 41 kb was close to phage ST160. And phage P38 with genome size of 48,5 kb was close to phage Gifsy-1.
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