Judul: Studi enkapsulasi Lactobacillus casei dan Bifidobacterium longum dengan teknik ekstrusi
Abstrak: Lactobacillus casei dan Bifidobacterium longum merupakan bakteri probiotik yang umumnya diaplikasikan sebagai starter kering probiotik untuk pangan. Proses pengeringan dalam pembuatan starter kering dapat menurunkan jumlah L. casei dan B. longum, oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan enkapsulasi. Teknik enkapsulasi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah ekstrusi dengan maltodekstrin-alginat (1:3), pati sagu-alginat (1:3), maizena-alginat (1:3), dan kontrol skim-alginat (1:2) (b:b) sebagai bahan pengkapsul. Keempat bahan pengkapsul tersebut berpengaruh nyata terhadap nilai viabilitas, efisiensi enkapsulasi, jumlah sel pada beads basah dan beads kering, ketahanan sel setelah proses pengeringan, serta ketahanan sel L. casei dan B. longum terhadap kondisi pH rendah dan garam empedu. Berdasarkan nilai viabilitas L. casei dan B. longum, karakteristik matriks beads, jumlah sel pada beads basah dan beads kering, serta persentase ketahanan sel selama proses pengeringan, bahan pengkapsul maltodekstrin-alginat lebih baik dibanding pati sagu-alginat dan maizena-alginat, namun belum lebih baik dari bahan pengkapsul kontrol yaitu skim-alginat. Jumlah sel L. casei dan B. longum pada beads kering maltodekstrin-alginat adalah 4.69 ± 0.08 log CFU/g dan 5.32 ± 0.21 log CFU/g, sedangkan jumlah sel L. casei dan B. longum pada beads kering skim-alginat lebih tinggi yaitu 5.08 ± 0.07 log CFU/g dan 6.20 ± 0.16 log CFU/g.
Keyword: Bifidobacterium longum, Encapsulation, Lactobacillus casei, Probiotic, Starch, Starter, Food science, Drying process

Judul: Enkapsulasi Lactobacillus casei dengan teknik ekstruksi sebagai starter untuk pembuatan dadih susu sapi
Abstrak: The purpose of this research is to get an optimal composition for encapsulating materials of Lactobacillus casei as dried starter culture for production of dadih from cow milk. Lactobacillus casei was encapsulated by the extrusion technique, then dried by hot air oven on 40 oC. Biopolymer for encapsulating materials consist of sodium alginate and filler based on protein such as whey protein concentrate, sodium caseinate, and skim. The highest yield, the biggest diameter, and more spherical shape of beads was recorded in 4% alginate beads. Yield and diameter of beads decreased significantly with increasing filler concentration. Optimum proportion of alginate-filler on 4% total biopolymer is 2:1 (2.67% sodium alginate : 1.33% filler) that resulted in yield 78.7 – 80.7%, diameter 2.7 – 2.8 mm, and spherical – elliptical shape of beads. Encapsulated Lactobacillus casei in 4% alginate beads and alginate-skim 2:1 showed that the rate of acid produced was higher then alginatewhey 2:1 and alginate-sodium caseinate 2:1. Encapsulation of Lactobacillus casei with alginate-skim 2:1 resulted in a higher cell viability, namely 5.32 log cfu/gram or decline in viable count of about 2.36 log over a drying periode of 6 hour while there was a decline of about more than 5,76 log in Lactobacillus casei which were encapsulated with 4% alginate (without filler). Using dry starter (encapsulated Lactobacillus casei) for production of dadih from cow milk took longer time (48 hours) as compare to free cell (24 hours) on the same population of Lactobacillus casei. The characteristics of dadih from cow milk with dried starter application resulted in viscosity 2147 – 2563 cP, pH 5.55 – 5.75, titrable acidity 0.64 – 0.67%, and population of Lb. casei 8,16 – 8,43 log cfu/m . Population of Lactobacillus casei on dried starter in this study still low, namely 2.1 x 105 cfu/gram, and hence continuation experiments need to be increasing population of Lactobacillus casei in alginate-skim beads.
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Judul: Kearifan Tradisional Perlindungan dan Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Hutan oleh Suku Kanume di Taman Nasional Wasur
Abstrak: Wasur National Park (TN Wasur), is located in Merauke, Papua. The Kanume tribe is one of indigenous communities who have long been living in TN Wasur, which has the region's largest in TN Wasur, about 305.312 ha (73,78%). This study was conducted to analyze the pattern of protection and use of forest resources by the tribe Kanume in the Wasur National Park. The results showed that the people of clans in the ethnic of Kanume has a custom rules and wisdom in terms of protection and utilization of forest resources. Clans in the tribe of Kanume has ownership rights at the ulayat land to protect and exploit resources that there can be found sacred places, the old village, the well nature, hamlet of sago, and places the ancestral journey. In traditional wisdom and resource utilization, the tribe of Kanume have a culture that supports the management of the forest resource. This can be seen by the existence of the division of conception space based on the area of ulayat customs, the system of mastery and ownership of land, Sasi system and the belief of Totem(Totemism).
Keyword: traditional wisdom, Taman Nasional Wasur, Suku Kanume