Judul: Seleksi Bakteri Resisten Herbisida Glifosat
Abstrak: Dalam penelitian ini bakteri diisolasi dari tanah Sukabumi dan Bogor yang telah disemprot glifosat 1-1-15 gram dalam 404 liter larutan per hektar tanah (3.577 mglml) menggunakan media NA. Kemudian penapisan isolat dilakukan pada media Davis termodifikasi (MDT) dengan konsentrasi glifosat bertingkat (1,2,4, dan8 kali konsentrasi lapang) berdasarkan pertumbuhan koloninya. lsolatisolat tersebut diuji kemampuannya dalam menggunakan K,HPO.j dan KH,PO'j (fosfat anorganik) dan glifosat (fosfat organik). lsolat yang terpilih diidentifikasi dan diukur kandungan fosfat anorganiknya bcrdasarkan metode Ames selama 7 hari. Pseudomonas aeruginosa digunakan sebagai bakteri pembanding.
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Judul: Deteksi penguraian herbisida glifosat oleh berbagai isolat cendawan tanah
Abstrak: Glifosat (N-fosfonometil glisina) merupakan bahan aktif dari herbisida seperti Roundup. Mikrob merupakan pengurai utama residu glifosat di tanah, namun demikian penggunaan glifosat secara terus- menerus dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Sebanyak lima isolat cendawan yang resisten terhadap konsentrasi glifosat tinggi masing-masing ditumbuhkan pada tiga macam media cair dan diinkubasi selama 7 hari. Kelima isolat cendawan tersebut ialah Aspergillus flavus S7.2, Trichoderma harzianum $10.1, Trichoderma koningii B5.1, Trichoderma sp. B9.5, dan Mucorales B21.1. Sedangkan ketiga macam media cairnya ialah media mengandung ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau (MT), media mengandung ekstrak kecambah kacang hijau dan glifosat 5,1 mg/ml (MTG), dan larutan glifosat 5,1 mg/ml (MG). Pertumbuhan cendawan diamati melalui bobot kering koloni dan hasil penguraian glifosat dideteksi melalui kromatografi lapis tipis (KLT). Asam aminometilfosfonat (AMPA), glisina, dan glifosat murni digunakan sebagai standar dalam KLT. Isolat cendawan Trichoderma sp. B9.5, dan Mucorales B21.1 memiliki bobot kering lebih besar (berbeda nyata) pada MTG dibandingkan dengan MT. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa glifosat mampu meningkatkan pertumbuhan kedua isolat. Meskipun demikian pada kedua isolat tersebut belum tampak hasil uraian glifosat dengan metode KLT. Sedangkan A. flavus S7.2, T. harzianmum S10.1, dan 7. koningii B5.1 pada MT maupun MTG memiliki bobot kering yang tidak berbeda nyata. Kelima isolat cendawan mungkin belum mampu menguraikan glifosat meskipun telah diinkubasi selama 28 hari.
Keyword: cendawan, glifosat, dan penguraian

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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