Judul: Literature Review Zeolites and their Applications as Gas Pollutant Adsorbents
Abstrak: SO2, CO2, H2S, dan volatile organic compounds (VOC) merupakan polutan gas yang membahayakan bagi lingkungan dan kesehatan manusia. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan upaya untuk mengurangi kadar polutan gas tersebut dengan proses adsorpsi oleh material zeolit. Zeolit merupakan material yang memiliki bentuk kristal sangat teratur dengan rongga yang saling berhubungan ke segala arah dan menjadikan luas permukaan zeolit sangat besar sehingga sangat baik digunakan sebagai adsorben. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau berbagai tulisan mengenai zeolit dan aplikasinya sebagai adsorben polutan gas SO2, CO2, H2S, dan volatile organic compounds (VOC) sehingga didapatkan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi zeolit dalam mengadsorpsi polutan gas tersebut. Metode peninjauan berupa studi literatur dengan cara mengumpulkan data yang berhubungan dengan topik yang dipilih. Hasil penelusuran memaparkan bahwa zeolit dengan nisbah Si/Al yang rendah (1−5) akan memiliki sifat hidrofilik dan afinitas tinggi terhadap senyawa polar (SO2, H2S), sedangkan jika nisbah Si/Al tinggi akan memiliki sifat hidrofobik dan dapat mengadsorpsi senyawa nonpolar (CO2, benzena). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi proses adsorpsi zeolit terhadap polutan gas adalah metode sintesis zeolit, ukuran pori zeolit, ukuran gas yang dijerap, lokasi kation di dalam saluran zeolit, keberadaan ion lain, struktur dari kerangka zeolit, dan kation yang dipertukarkan pada kerangka zeolit., SO2, CO2, H2S, and volatile organic compound (VOC) are gaseous pollutants that are harmful to the environment and human health. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce the gas pollutant levels by adsorption process by zeolite material. Zeolite is a material that has a very regular crystal shape with interconnected cavities in all directions and makes the surface area of the zeolite very large to be used as a potential adsorbent. This study aims to review various articles on zeolites and their applications as adsorbents of gaseous pollutants SO2, CO2, H2S, and volatile organic compounds (VOC) to obtain factors that influence zeolite in the adsorption of these gaseous pollutants. The review method is a literature study by collecting data related to the chosen topic. The study show that zeolites with low Si/Al ratios (1−5) will have hydrophilic properties and high affinity for polar compounds (SO2, H2S), but those with high Si/Al ratios will have hydrophobic properties and can adsorb nonpolar compounds (CO2, benzene). The factors that influence the zeolite adsorption process on gaseous pollutants are the zeolite synthesis method, the zeolite pore size, the adsorbed gas size, the location of the cations in the zeolite channel, the presence of other ions, the structure of the zeolite framework, and the cations exchanged in the zeolite framework.
Keyword: adsorption, adsorption capacity, gas pollutant, zeolite

Judul: Synthesis of Zeolite from Aluminum Waste and Its Potential Application as a Decomposer
Abstrak: Polusi air merupakan salah satu masalah yang banyak ditemukan di Indonesia, salah satu penyebabnya adalah biru metilena. Jumlah biru metilena yang berlebihan memiliki dampak negatif pada organisme dan ekosistem. Salah satu upaya untuk mengurangi biru metilena dalam air adalah menggunakan metode adsorpsi. Metode ini biasanya menggunakan adsorben yang seringkali tidak dapat diperbarui. Penelitian ini menggunakan zeolit sebagai adsorben. Zeolit disintesis menggunakan bahan baku limbah aluminium, yaitu kaleng minuman. Pada proses pembuatannya, natrium aluminat dari kaleng minuman tidak melalui proses kalsinasi untuk meningkatkan kandungan logam pada hasil sintesis terutama besi. Karakterisasi zeolit hasil sintesis dilakukan menggunakan X-Ray Diffraction. Terdapat beberapa jenis zeolit yang terbentuk dari enam sampel yang digunakan, seperti zeolit A, zeolit X, dan zeolit NaP1. Jenis isoterm zeolit hasil sintesis ditentukan menggunakan metode spektrofotometri, dan diketahui bahwa model isoterm adsorpsi yang cocok adalah model isoterm Langmuir. Zeolit hasil sintesis ditemukan memiliki kemampuan dekomposisi biru metilena, sehingga dapat digunakan kembali sebagai adsorben., Water pollution is a significant issue frequently encountered in Indonesia, with one of its causes being methylene blue. Excessive amounts of methylene blue have adverse effects on organisms and ecosystems. Employing adsorption methods represents an approach to mitigate methylene blue in water. However, this method often employs non-regenerable adsorbents. This study utilizes zeolite as an adsorbent. Zeolite is synthesized using waste aluminum material, specifically beverage cans. In its fabrication process, sodium aluminate from beverage cans is not subjected to calcination, aimed at enhancing metal content, especially iron, in the synthesized zeolite. The synthesized zeolite's characterization is conducted through X-Ray Diffraction. Several zeolite types are identified from the six samples used, including zeolite A, zeolite X, and zeolite NaP1. The zeolite's adsorption isotherm type resulting from synthesis is determined using spectrofotometry, and it is found that the suitable adsorption isotherm model is the Langmuir model. The synthesized zeolite exhibits the capability of methylene blue decomposition, enabling its reuse as an adsorbent.
Keyword: adsorption, aluminum waste, methylene blue, zeolite synthesis

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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