Judul: Analisis Lean Manufacturing pada Produk Teh Celup dengan Metode Value Stream Mapping
Abstrak: Produktivitas pada lini produksi dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengeliminasi segala pemborosan yang ada pada lantai produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan merancang perbaikan berkelanjutan untuk produk Sarimurni Teabag 25 yang diproduksi di PT Y. Value stream mapping merupakan sebuah tool pada lean manufacturing yang mengidentifikasi pemborosan berikut penyebab permasalahan melalui current dan future state map. Mengacu pada Toyota production system (TPS), teridentifikasi bahwa terdapat beberapa pemborosan yang terjadi di lini produksi seperti transportasi, inventori, gerakan, waktu menunggu, produksi berlebih dan produk cacat. Total lead time efektif adalah 1 325 detik dari total lead time keseluruhan 4 408 detik. Analisis produktivitas menunjukkan besarnya persentase aktivitas tidak bernilai tambah akibat kerusakan mesin pada proses akhir yang sering terjadi. Upaya dari perbaikan produktivitas diilustrasikan pada peta kondisi masa depan dengan penerapan beberapa lean tools: one-piece flow, 5S, poka yoke, dan andon. Pendekatan lean pada lini produksi dapat mengurangi 53% lead time per satu kardus produk menjadi 2 069 detik.
Keyword: perbaikan berkelanjutan, lean manufacturing, Toyota production system, value stream mapping, eliminasi waste

Judul: Process and Lean Manufacturing Analysis of Ready to Eat Curry Sauce Product with Value Stream Mapping Method in PT XYZ
Abstrak: Produktivitas dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengeliminiasi atau meminimalisir pemborosan yang terjadi pada lini produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi aliran dan tahapan proses, mengevaluasi kendala serta pemborosan yang terjadi serta merancang perbaikan pada produksi saus gulai. Value stream mapping adalah tools pada konsep lean manufacturing yang berguna untuk mengetahui aliran informasi dan material serta mengidentifikasi pemborosan yang terjadi pada lini produksi melalui pemetaan. Berdasarkan konsep Toyota Production System (TPS), memborosan teridentifikasi pada lini produksi adalah pergerakan, waktu menunggu dan proses produksi berlebih. Total lead time pada pemetaan sekarang adalah 25621,4 detik. Analisis pada pengembangan peta masa depan menunjukkan penggunaan sumberdaya yang masih kurang optimal sehingga menyebabkan berbagai pemborosan pada lini produksi. Usulan perbaikan pada peta masa depan seperti penerapan 5S, standarisasi tugas serta jumlah pekerja, sistem andon dan proses FiFo. Usulan perbaikan dapat mengurangi lead time menjadi 25018,2 detik., Productivity is described through good use of resources. Productivity can be increased by eliminating or minimizing wastes that occur on the production line. This research is aimed to identify the flow of information and stages of the process, evaluate wastes that occur and design improvement to the production of curry sauce. Value stream mapping is a tool in the lean manufacturing concept that is usefull for knowing the flow of information and materials as well as identifying wastes that occur in the production line through mapping. According to Toyota Production System (TPS) concept, this research has identified several wastes, motion, waiting and extra-processing. Total lead time on the current mapping was 25621,4 seconds. Analysis on the future map showed that used of resources was still less than optimal. The future map suggested implementation of 5s, standardization of tasks and number of workers, andon system and FiFo process.The suggested improvement was able to reduce the lead time to 25018,2 seconds.
Keyword: Eliminasi pemborosan, Lean manufacturing, Produktivitas, Value stream mapping

Judul: Phylogeography and Species Limits in the Papuan White Snake (Micropechis ikaheka) (Reptilia: Serpentes: Elapidae)
Abstrak: Papua white snake, Micropechis ikaheka, has been distingushed into two subspecies M.i. ikaheka and M.i. fasciatus. However, due to lack of data on their morphology, distribution and ecology, both subspecies often ignored in scintific discussions and refers only byas , Micropechis ikaheka. This study was designed to document the differences between M.i. ikaheka and M.i fasciatus by using scales characteristics and reproductive organ or hemipenes. The study also examine, zoogeography, habitat, diet and cannibalism of both subspecies to better understanding the the ecology of one of the most venomous snakes in the world. This study consists of three topics with method and also different in the size samples, respectively. The first study is the histology and microtopography of the skin were studied using paraffin method and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The second is the hemipenis were examined by following Myers and Cadle (2003), and Zaher and Prudente (2003). The third is the abdominal surgery was carried out to document diet type and the investigate phenomenon of cannibalism in the snake. Specimens for this study came from the collection from Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) and Universitas Negeri Papua’s Laboratory (LZU). The research result also indicated that the markers of skin and hemipenis described the same structure and microornamentation in all M. ikaheka groups being compared. Based specimens examined morphological descriptions do not s support the further differentiation in Micropechis. In short, two markers that used in this study could not sufficiently indicate the differences in the level of species and subspecies of M. ikaheka. The study, however, were able to delineate zoogeography and skin color patterns, which fall into four groups: M. i. ikaheka; M. i. fasciatus. M. i. ssp. “intermediate”; and M. i. ssp “black”. This study also revealed that color variations did not overlap in their geographic distribution. It is therefore, it suggested that environmental factors may contribute to the skin color variations. It also assumed that habitat discontinuous and biogeography factors may also cause the loss of the connection between the original populations (vicarians) or follow colonization events (dispersal). The examined of 22 stomach contents of M. ikaheka shows this species is carnivorous, and prey on vertebrates such as amphibians, fish, reptiles, and Mammals. These snakes are opportunistic predators since they prey on all that can be captured, but mainly reptiles (61.5%), followed by mammals and fish (both 15.4%), and amphibians (7.7%). Although categorized as terrestrial animal, the diet study showed that M. ikaheka snakes often go into the water to hunt for fish (the sample from Yapen island), including eel (the sample from Aru island). Based on prey items indentified, there is evidence that M. ikaheka is cannibal. At this time, there still no record on reason for cannibalism, but it is assumed that cannibalism was due to competition between populations and means to control population.
Keyword: geographic variation, white snake, papua