Judul: Survei Parasitoid yang Berasosiasi dengan Liriomyza spp (Diptera: Agromyzidae) pada Tanaman Sayuran di Berbagai Lokasi di Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Leafminer Liriomyza spp is one of the important pests ofvegetables . These pest is native to Americas and arrived in Indonesia in 1990’s through trade of cut flowers and fresh vegetables from Europe.The pests have spread throughout Indonesia.The purpose of this research was to study diversity of parasitoids associatied with Liriomyza spp on variousvegetable crops .This study was conducted in West Java from July to December 2013.Leaf samples were taken from the center of vegetable crops and some horticultural crops in lowland, medium land and highland.The number of leaf samples taken around 20-30 and 30-40 leaves attacked by Liriomyza spp. and parasitoid and then observed for species identification. From these observations, it was found three species of Liriomyza spp. and parasitoid and then observed for species identification. From these observations,it was found three species of Liriomyzaspp. Lriomyza chinensis, Liriomyza sativae, and Liriomyza huidobrensis. L. chinensis is monophagous and only attack shallot and green onion, while L. huidobrensis attack all vegetables from the high land and L.sativae attack all vegetables plants from lowland. Fivespecies of parasitoidswere found.Hemiptarsenus varicornis,Chrysocharissp.and Neochrysocharis sp. were the dominant species living in the lowlands to highlands, Asecodes sp., and Closterocerus sp., The remainingswereGronotoma sp. (Eucolidae) and Opius sp. (Braconidae ).
Keyword: parasitoid., Liriomyza spp, leafminer

Judul: Lalat penggorok daun Liriomyza spp. (Diptera: Agromyzidae) dan parasitoidnya pada sayuran dataran tinggi dengan perhatian utama pada parasitoid Opius chromatomyiae Belokobylskij & Wharton(Hymenoptera: Braconidae)
Abstrak: Leafminers Liriomyza spp. are major pest on highland vegetables in Indonesia. The objectives of the research were to (1) evaluate leafminer and its parasitoids on higland vegetables, (2) study the intensity of parasitism of O. chromatomyiae in various host plants, (3) study the population dynamic of leafminer and its parasitoid in shallot, (4) evaluate the impact of three insecticides on parasitoid O. chromatomyiae, and (5) evaluate the demographic parameters and functional response of parasitoid O. chromatomyiae. Surveys of leafminer population and its parasitoid were undertaken by collecting 20-40 infested leaves. Leafminer flies and parasitoids emerged were collected and identified. Level of parasitism was calculated based on the number of parasitoids emerged divided by the total number of flies and wasps emerged. The population dynamic of leafminer and its parasitoids were studied on two varieties of green onion, by collecting 20 leaves and counting number of flies catched on yellow traps every week. The impact of insecticides on both leafminers and parasitoids was conducted by applying three different insecticides: abamectin, azadirachtin, and cartaphydrochloride once a week at the recommended dosage. Life table of O. chromatomyiae was studied to determine the population growth potential of the parasitoid, by calculating reproduction rate, intrinsic rate of increase, generation time, and stable age distribution. Functional response was evaluated by exposing O. chromatomyiae on the third instar larvae of L. huidobrensis at eight different host densities (2, 4, 8, 10, 12, 16, 20, and 24) of. Our surveys revealed that Liriomyza huidobrensis, L. sativae, L. chinensis and Chromatomyia horticola were associated with various highland vegetables. Eight parasitoids emerged from leafminer-infested leaves: Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Asecodes deluchii, Neochrysocharis okazakii, N. formosa, Neocrhysocharis sp. Quadrastitchus liriomyzae, O. chromatomyiae and Gronotoma micromorpha. Parasitoid Opius chromatomyiae emerged from 13 different species of vegetables infested by leafminers.. Number of leafminers and parasitoids emerged, and crop damage were significantly different between two green onion varieties tested. Cartap hydrochloride was the most effective insecticide in term for reducing leafminer populations. Even though not as effective as cartap hydrochloride, abamectin and azadirachtin could reduce level of leafminer damage and had lower detrimental effects on natural enemies. Life table studies showed that longevity of females Opius chromatomyiae (9.95 days) shorter than males (11.73 days). Females laid 104.73 eggs with the oviposition rate was 9.31 eggs/days. Reproductive output (R0) was 28.55 with generation time (T) was about 15.96 days and intrinsic rate of increase was 0.21. The stable age ditribution was 37.93% eggs, 24.92% larvae, 20.36% pupae and 16.78% adults. Functional response of O. chromatomyiae is type II (hyperbolic curve) with searching time was 0.0777/hour and handling time was 2.5818/hour.
Keyword: Bawang Daun, Endoparasitoid, West Java

Judul: Transformasi fasa pada pembuatan keramik alpha-alumina dengan proses sol-gel
Abstrak: Proses sol-gel merupakan proses terbaru yang dikcmbangkan untuk membuat keramik, termasuk alumina (Al2O3). Proses ini dapat mengontrol struktur mikro dan sifat keramik dengan jalan mengontrol parameter proses pcmbuatan, suhu pemanasan yang dibcrikan rclatif rendah, kcmurnian produk yang dihasilkan relatif tinggi, plastisitas gel dapat mcmbcrikan produk dalam bcntuk scrbuk, serat, lapisan tipis dan bentuk padat Hal yang menarik untuk diamati pada proses pembuatan kcramik alumina dengan proses sol-gel adalah te1jadinya transformasi fasa. Menurut bebcrapa pcnclili, fasa-fasa yang tc1jadi adalah alumina hidrat (dapat berupa diaspore atau boehmile), gamma-, delta-, theta-dan alpha-alumina. Masing-masing fasa tcrsebul mempw1yai sifat fisis yang berbcda. Satu mol serbuk aluminum /rifer/ butoxidc [(C21-15Cl-l(CI-13)O),Al] dicampur dengan 100 11101 air (H20). Campuran tersebut diaduk dengan magnetic stirer sampai homogcn. Setelah homogcn, pada suhu 90°C campuran tcrsebut dipeptisasi dengan katalis asam, 0,2 mol 1-JCI. Proses polimerisasi ini membentuk gel. Gel yang diperoleh dikeringkan pada suhu 90°C, kcmudian dibagi-bagi untuk dipanaskan pada beberapa suhu, yaitu 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, l000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C dan 1300°C, selama satu jam dalam ruang pemanas (furnace). Setelah itu, sampel segera dikeluarkan dari ruang pemanas dan didinginkan di udara. Evolusi termal diamati dengan analisis termal dari suhu kamar sampai suhu 1300°C, yaitu dijferential thermal analysis (DTA) dan lhermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Fasa-fasa yang te1jadi pada sctiap sampel ditentukan dcngan X-ray d/fji-actomelly (XRD). Idcntifikasi fasa dilakukan dengan menggunakan meta de Hanawalt secara manual dan analisis kuantitatif clilakukan pada pola difraksi sampel 1000°C, puncak 012 (fasa alpha) dan 004 (fasa theta) dengan menggunakan metode pcrbandingan langsung. Morfologi pennukaan sampel diamati dengan mikroskop optik (MO) dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sedangkan kerapatan sampel diukur dengan piknometcr. Dari basil penelitian diperoleh bahwa fasa-fasa yang terbentuk adalah fasa boehmite (antara suhu 90°C-300°C), fasa gamma-(antara suhu 400°C-800°C), fasa delta-(sekitar suhu 900°C), fasa theta­(sekitar suhu l000°C) dan fasa alpha-alumina (antara l 100°C-1300°C). Masing-masing fasa tersebut mempunyai sistem kristal, morfologi permukaan clan kerapatan yang bcrbcda. Pad a suhu 1000°C, secara kuantitatif, terbentuk fasa theta sebesar 50,18% dan alpha 49,82%. Transformasi tennal dari gamma-kc delta-, de/la-ke theta-tidak tcrdeteksi, baik dcngan DTA maupun TOA. Morfologi pcrmukaan gel alumina yang telah dipanaskan pada suhu 1300°C mcnunjukkan fonnasi kristalin. Kcrapatan fasa alpha­alumina adalah (400 ± 3) IO kg m-3•
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