Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian NaOH Dan Penambahan Urea Serta Belerang Terhadap Nilai Gizi Jerami Padi
Abstrak: Pemberian urea dalam ransum menunjukkan adanya pengaruh terhadap produksi N-NH3 (P < 0,01) dan Koefisien Cerna (P < 0,05). Produksi N-NH3 tertinggi (6, 0957 mM cairan rumen) pada tingkat urea 0,4% dari BK ransum. dan pada tingkat tersebut, VFA total yang dihasilkan adalah 33,052 mM cairan rumen (produksi tertinggi untuk pemberian urea).
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Judul: Pengaruh penghidrolisa NaOH dan abu sekam padi serta penjayaan urea dan mineral terhadap nilai gizi jerami padi secara in vitro
Abstrak: Upaya untuk meningkatkan nilai gizi jerami padi dengan memberikan beberapa macam perlakuan terhadapnya, telah di- lakukan secara in vitro dalam rangka memenuhi kebutuhan pakan ruminansia. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Makanan Ternak dan Laboratorium Ruminologi, Jurusan Nutrisi dan Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor, mulai tanggal 2 Desember 1983 sampai dengan 15 Maret 1984. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap produksi Nitrogen- Amonia (n-NH₂), Asam Lemak Atsiri (VFA) dan Protein Kasar Amonia (n-NH3), Tujuh macam ransum disusun masing-masing dengan komposisi jerami padi, konsentrat, rumput Gajah dan mineral. Ransum kontrol (R) mengandung jerami tanpa diolah. Ransum pertama (R₁) mengandung jerami yang dihidrolisa dengan larutan NaCH. Ransum kedua (R) mengandung jerami yang dihidrolisa dengan fitrat larutan abu sekam padi. Ransum ketiga (R) mengandung jerami yang dihidrolisa abu sekam padi dan diperkaya dengan mineral campuran. Ransum ke- empat (R) mengandung jerami yang dihidrolisa dengan abu sekam padi dan diperkaya dengan belerang, garam dapur, kapur dan amoniasi urea. Ransum kelima (R) mengandung jerami yang dihidrolisa abu sekam padi dan amoniasi urea. Ransum keenam (Rg) mengandung jerami yang hanya diamoniasi urea. Lima tingkat lama inkubasi, masing-masing yaitu sebagai kontrol (I) adalah O jam, I selama 2 jam, I2 selama 4 jam, Iz selama 6 jam dan I, selama 8 jam. 3 4 Percobaan ini dilakukan berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok pola faktorial 7 x 5 dalam 4 kali ulangan. Sebagai faktor pertama adalah ransum, faktor kedua adalah lama inkubasi dan sebagai ulangan digunakan sumber inokulum cair an rumen yang berasal dari seekor sapi keturunan Fries Holland jantan berfistula. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan, rataan produksi N-NH 3 dalam rumen untuk Ro, R1, R2, R R R dan Re berturut- 4' turut adalah 1.5432, 1.4372, 1.3015, 1.3852, 2.3708, 2.0482 dan 1.7809 m. Untuk lama inkubasi I, I, I, Iz dan I, masing-masing adalah 1.4338, 1.8295, 1.9489,1.6391 dan 144631 mM....
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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