Judul: Autopoietic concept on ergonomics of worksystem (case study : sugar cane industry)
Abstrak: Sugar factory is one of industry that involves multiple parties as stakeholders. The design of work system should consider all interests, to ensure the sustainability of the system itself. Optimum conditions can be achieved by designing work system based on ergonomic considerations. In the concept of ergonomic, human beings are positioned as the center of the design process. Humans have the capacity and limitations and should be considered since the beginning of the design process. This concept is known as fit the job to the man. In preliminary studies, found several phenomena that deviate from this concept. In many ways, people can improve their skills so they can adapt to the workload and working environment. This study combines deductive and inductive methods, combined with some relevant philosophical outlook. Field research was conducted in two industries namely PG Jatitujuh Cirebon and PG Bungamayang Lampung. This study focused on the work of manual harvesting systems, transportation and milling sugarcane. The results showed that some parameters are less ergonomic working conditions, workload values are categorized between moderate to very severe, the contradiction between workload and perception of the operator and the phenomenon of adaptation of workers to harvest and transport worksytem manual. The workload of worker cutting transport was measured based on increase of the ratio of heart rate (IRHR), which compares the heart rate at work and at restRegression curve of IRHR vs experiences on morning harvesting follow the function Y= -0.105 ln(X) + 1.7484; for morning transporting Y= -0.046ln (X) + 1.7323 ; for afternoon harvesting Y= -0.063 ln(X) +1.5482, and for afternoon transporting Y= -0.044 ln(X) + 1.595. Differences of the slope of the regression curve shows that the level of adaptation required by the workers on the harvesting longer than transporting. This is due to cut sugar cane requires greater physical energy and skill. Novice workers learn to be able to cut the cane with a limit of 50-10 cm above the ground, in an upright cane conditions, collapsed or angled, even crossing each other. The results indicate that with increasing experience, response to fatigue and workload tends to decrease. This process can be explained by the concept of autopoeitic, which is each component in a system will make the process of self-organizing. This adaptation process is one of the autopoeitic mechanism. To adapt to the harvesting and transporting jobs, workers may take between 6-10 years experience.
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Judul: Perancangan Model Faktor Ergonomi Makro Terhadap Produktivitas Sistem Kerja pada Pabrik Gula
Abstrak: Sugar mill is a part of sugar industry representing a dynamic work system which occupies machine and human labour. The good scheme ergonomic covers the micro and macro ergonomics to improve productivity of work system. This research was conducted in order to learn and determine the macro and micro parameter of ergonomics at the work system in a sugar mill. The determination of these parameters was applied in model scheme of micro and macro ergonomic factors to improve work system productivity. The illumination, temperature, humidity, noise, vibration, and operator perceptions ware collected as data input for modelling system using artificial neural network. As the result, the optimum productivity level in PG Bungamayang can be reached if the combination of macro and micro ergonomic factors for the illumination 100-200 lux, temperature 25 0C, humidity 60-70%, noise 85 dB, vibration 1.6-2 m/s2 and very care to organizational work system of the operator perception level with the predicted productivity level equals to 1858-1865 ton cane/shift, and in PG Jatitujuh can be reached if illumination 220-260 lux, temperature 28-29 0C, humidity 62-66%, noise 80 dB, vibration 1.2-1.6 m/s2 and very care to organizational work system of the operator perception level, with the predicted productivity level equals to 1464-1592 ton cane / shift.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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