Judul: The effect of clenbuterol on growth performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing male pig
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to study the effect of clenbuterol on growth performance, carcass characteristics and quality of meat of growing male pig. This study was conducted as a factorial experiment with a completely randomized design. This study used three clenbuterol levels, i.e. 0 mg, 0.2 mg and 0.4 mglkg feed respectively and two breeds of pig i.e. local pig and crossbred pig. The total pigs used which twenty four male pigs consisting of 12 heads of local pig and 12 heads of cross bred, with the average of initial live weight of 52.5 ± 28.26 kg. Pigs were given ad libitum access to a 14.96% crude protein and ME 2400 Kcalkg diet. The diet was formulated according to NRC. All pigs were slaughtered following 6 weeks of experimental period and data on carcass characteristics were collected.
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Judul: Metabolism of nutrients, carcass characteristics and meat physical traits of male thin tail sheep receiving clenbuterol injections
Abstrak: The objectives of this study were to reveal effects of a beta-adrenergic agonist (clenbuterol) on metabolism of nutrients, carcass characteristics and meat physical traits in Thin nil ram lambs. Sixteen weaned ram lambs were randomly allotted into four treatment groups i.e. CBO, CB5, CBlO and CB20 which had initial iiveweight of 22.0, 22.1, 22.3 and 22.6 x 2.690 kg, respectively. The animals received every other day i.m. clenbuterol (CB) injections at 0, 5. 10 and 20 pg CB/kg liveweight for the respective experimental groups. The wntrol group (CBO) were injected with 1-2 ml saline. Lambs were given ad libitum access to a 17.99% crude protein and 23.2 W k g pellet diet. The diet was formulated according to NRC (1985). For measurements of digestibility and balance of nutrients the iambs were kept in metabolism cages and their faeces and urine were collected for 7 days, sampled. weighed and dried. Nutrient contents of the samples of feed and excreta were determined. All Iambs were slaughtered following 11 weeks of experimental period and data on carcass characteristics were collected. In addition, the longissirnus dorsi, psoas, semitendinosus, biceps femoris and semimembranoms muscles were excised from right half of the carcasses according to a standard procedure described by May (1970).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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