Judul: Perlakuan Pendahuluan Buah Pisang Cavendish (Musa cavendishii) Untuk Penyimpanan
Abstrak: Cavendish bananas (Musa cavendishii) is a type of fruit vegetables that rich in carbohydrates , vitamin C, minerals, proteins, fats and carbohydrates. Production areas and areas of marketing (consumers) can be located in a long distance apart (inter-island). Under these conditions, transport is needed, so product can be up to the customers in a timely. On the one hand, cavendish bananas transportation (inter-island) usually take time, but on the other hand cavendish bananas are a perishable commodity. The dominant causes of damage are properties of cavendish bananas that are still alive after harvesting. Based on this situation, it needs an appropriate post-harvest handling. Post-harvest handling that done in this study is pre-treatment with CO2 and N2 and low temperature of storage. This study aimed to disscover the influence of pre-treatment and temperature of storage on the physical properties of cavendish bananas fresh during transportation or storage. Pre-treatment is an introductory treatment on cavendish bananas that aims to reduce the rate of respiration. One kind of pre-treatment can be done by utilizing CO2 or N2 gas into plastic containers for 24 hours in 10 ° C temperature. This treatment can reduce the respiration rate due to sudden unavailability of O2 for respiration so the commodity will dormant. After bring into conducting preliminary treatment the cavendish bananas then packed with corrugated board and stored at 10 ° C and 27 ° C for 1-2 weeks and with scavenger of etilen calium permanganat 2%. The parameters used were scale index of color, weight loss, the percentage of damage, the hardness of fruits, and total dissolved solid. Analysis is done twice in week. After finish of storage, the cavendish bananas displayed during a week at 15 ° C temperature. Based on analysing, pre-treatment and temperature of storage can provide a good influence on the physical properties of cavendish bananas. This can be observed on the weight lose value, the level of damage, hardness, and total dissolved solids. Damage rate on pre-treatment with CO2 gas that is equal to 15.75%, scale index of color is 6-7, hardness value of 3.33-18.71 mm/g/10seconds, and total dissolved solids of 8 ° Brix. Storage temperature also affect the physical properties of cavendish bananas. A temperature of 10 ° C can keep the physical properties of cavendish bananas fruit better. And known as the best treatment on cavendish bananas shave pre-treatment with CO2 gas at a temperature of 10 ° C, on this condition of cavendish bananas can be stored for 21 days of storage. And then combination of nitrogen gas and calium permanganat that is 0,1% total dissolved solids, damage rate is 23,67%, and total dissolved solids of 17,70 ° Brix. And at a temperature of 27 ° C, on this condition of cavendish bananas can be stored only for 7 days of storage.
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Judul: Kajian Efek Bahan Penunda Kematangan Terhadap Tingkat Kematangan Pisang Cavendish (Musa cavendishii).
Abstrak: Pisang cavendish merupakan salah satu komoditi ekspor yang memiliki banyak kandungan zat gizi dan nilai ekonomis yang tinggi, namun pisang merupakan buah klimakterik yang akan terus mengalami kematangan pascapanen. Banyak cara untuk menunda kematangan, salah satu cara dengan penambahan bahan penunda kematangan ethylene absorber. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh bahan penunda kematangan terhadap penyimpanan pasca panen pada suhu ruang. Pisang dikemas dalam kemasan semi-vakum kemudian disimpan pada suhu ruang. Terdapat tiga ethylene absorber dan satu sampel pisang tanpa ethylene absorber. Sampel dianalisis pada hari ke-8, sampel dianalisis dengan parameter mutu susut bobot, kekerasan, total padatan terlarut, dan sensori tingkat kematangan. Hasil menunjukkan ethylene absorber memberikan pengaruh nyata pada semua parameter mutu namun tidak dengan sensori kematangan. Pisang yang ditambahkan dengan ethylene absorber 1 dan 2 dengan berat 3 g dan 4 g dan kemurnian 99% dan 98% berpengaruh nyata lebih baik dibandingkan dengan ethylene absorber 3 berat 5 g kemurnian 96% dan kontrol. Faktor yang membuat ethylene absorber 3 kurang efektif dalam menunda laju kematangan adalah komposisi bahan yang kurang berpengaruh dalam mengurangi ethylene di sekitar buah sehingga tidak dapat menghentikan proses respirasi dan transpirasi selama penyimpanan, sehingga perlu dilakukan studi untuk mengetahui komposisi ethylene absorber., Cavendish bananas are one of the most nutritious and economically valuable exports, but bananas are climacteric fruits that continue to mature after harvest. There are many ways to delay ripening, including the addition of ethylene absorbents. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of ripening retardation material on post-harvest storage at room temperature. Bananas are packed in semi-vacuum packs and stored at room temperature. There are 3 ethylene sorbents and 1 banana sample without ethylene sorbents. Samples were analyzed on day 8 and samples were analyzed for the parameters of quality of weight loss, firmness, total dissolved solids, and organoleptic maturity level. The results showed that ethylene absorbent significantly affected all quality parameters but not maturity. Bananas containing 99% and 98% pure ethylene absorbents 1 and 2 weighing 3 g and 4 g had significantly better effects than ethylene absorbent 3 weighing 5 g and 96% pure and the control. The factors that reduce the effectiveness of ethylene absorbent 3 in slowing the ripening rate are the composition of the material, which is less effective in reducing the ethylene around the fruit, and thus cannot stop the process of respiration and transpiration during storage. is necessary to determine the composition of the research ethylene absorbent.
Keyword: Bahan penunda kematangan, buah klimakterik, parameter kualitas buah, ethylene absorber, pisang cavendish

Judul: Solusi Geometri Schwarzschild untuk Dimensi 4+1 dengan Invarian Rotasi Isotropik.
Abstrak: Metrik Schwarzschild merupakan solusi eksak pertama dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mangasumsikan metrik statik dan simetris. Metrik Schwarzschild yang ditemukan oleh Karl Schwarzschild masih dalam dimensi 3+1, namun seiring dengan teori-teori terbaru yang menunjukkan bahwa alam semesta tidak hanya di dimensi 3+1. Maka melalui penambahan dimensi, tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh solusi pada geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1 dengan memodifikasi koordinat bola yang invarian rotasi isotropik dan melalui penurunan rumus seperti koordinat bola, simbol Christoffel, dan tensor Ricci. Selain mendapatkan solusi ini, metrik Schwarzschild dimensi 4+1 dapat digunakan sebagai metrik dasar untuk memperoleh solusi blackhole dan wormhole pada dimensi 4+1. Hasil akhirnya, dengan memanfaatkan modifikasi koordinat bola, metrik Schwarzschild dapat dibentuk sehingga diperoleh solusi geometri Schwarzschild untuk dimensi 4+1.
Keyword: metrik Schwarzschild, persamaan medan Einstein, modifikasi koordinat bola, penambahan dimensi, invarian rotasi isotropik