Judul: Desentralisasi Fiskal, Tax Effort, dan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Daerah: Studi Empirik Kabupaten/Kota Se-Indonesia 2001-2008
Abstrak: Pelaksanaan Undang-Undang Nomor 32/2004 dan Undang-Undang Nomor 33/2004 telah menyebabkan perubahan yang mendasar mengenai pengaturan hubungan pemerintah pusat dan pemerintah daerah, khususnya dalam bidang administrasi pemerintahan maupun dalam hubungan keuangan antara pemerintah pusat dan daerah, yang dikenal dengan era otonomi daerah. Salah satu konsekuensi dari pelaksanaan otonomi daerah ini adalah adanya desentralisasi fiskal, dimana pemerintah daerah mendapat keleluasaan yang lebih besar dalam mengelola keuangan daerah yang dituangkan dalam anggaran belanja, baik dari sisi penerimaan maupun pengeluaran. Kewenangan daerah yang semakin luas diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kemandirian fiskal daerah serta kinerja pemerintah untuk mendorong terciptanya pembangunan ekonomi yang lebih baik, yang ditunjukkan dengan meningkatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi daerah (peningkatan kesejahteraan masyarakat).
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Judul: Desentralisasi Fiskal dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perekonomian di Indonesia
Abstrak: Fiscal decentralization policy started in 2001 was a “big bang” from a centralistic into decentralistic government. The decentralistic government focuses on triple track strategy which are pro growth, pro job and pro poor as its macroeconomic and sectoral development objectives. Based on the concepts and the implementations of the policy in Indonesia, the amount of transfers fund to region and the possibilities of increasing potential local revenue should have positive related to the effort to increase society wealth through economic growth by creating job creation and decrease poverty. This research using panel data regression analysis to describe the relation between fiscal decentralization with economic growth, poverty and unemployement rate. The research results show that the local finance performance (measured by fiscal decentralization degree and local finance independency ratio) is low. Just then, in the decentralization era the local-central government dependency is increase. The research also encounter that fiscal decentralization policy affects to the increasing of economic growth rate (in small amount), unemployment rate and poverty. The part of local government budget that have positive affect to the economic growth are revenue sharing, specific allocation funds, local tax revenue and local government corporation, while local retribution revenue has negative affect. Meanwhile, total government expenditure affects negatively to the poverty and open unemployment rate.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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