Judul: Gambaran histologis proventrikulus, duodenum, dan hati ayam broiler yang diberi ekstrak temulawak plus
Abstrak: The curcuma has so many therapeutic advantages such as hepatoprotection, anticarsinogenic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihyperlipimedic, and antiinflammatory agent. This research was aimed to know the histological changes of proventriculus, duodenum, and liver of broiler chicken which were given curcuma extract plus multivitamin. A total of 36 broiler chickens were divided into 4 groups (P0, P1, P2, and P3) with 3 replications in each group. P0 was the control group that was given aquadest, while P1, P2, and P3 were given curcuma extract plus at a dose of 1, 3, and 5 ppm, respectively. The treatment was given for 3 consecutive weeks. The observed variables were number of epithelial cells which were cleavaging in the mucosa of proventiculus, number of Goblet cells and Lieberkhun glands in the duodenum, and intact structure of hepatocyte in the liver. The curcuma extract plus influenced the proliferation of epithelial cells in the mucosa of proventriculus, increased the number of Goblet cells and Lieberkhun glands in duodenum, and prevented liver cell damage in the broiler chicken. This histological changes may improve the efficiency of feed digestibility and proventriculus and intestinal mucosal protection of the broiler chicken.
Keyword: broiler chicken, duodenum, liver, proventriculus, temulawak extract plus

Judul: Evaluation of Temulawak Extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) Supplementation on the Digestive Tract and Internal Organs of Broilers Chickens
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh pemberian ekstrak temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) terhadap organ dalam dan saluran pencernaan broiler. Rancangan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 420 ekor DOC strain Ross dibagi ke dalam 6 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan, masing-masing ulangan berisi 10 ekor broiler. Perlakuan Penelitian terdiri dari P0= Ransum kontrol, P1= P0 + virginiamycin 20 mg kg-1 pakan, P2= P0 + ET 20 mg kg-1 pakan, P3= P0 + ET 40 mg kg-1 pakan, P4= P0 + ET 80 mg kg-1 pakan, P5= P0 + ET 160 mg kg-1 pakan, P6= P0 + ET 320 mg kg-1 pakan. Peubah yang diamati adalah persentase organ dalam, persentase organ imunitas, persentase saluran pencernaan, dan panjang relatif saluran pencernaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian P2 signifikan (P<0,05) menurunkan persentase bobot hati dan jantung serta meningkatkan (P<0,05) persentase bobot ileum. Simpulan dari penelitian ini adalah perlakuan P2 efektif dalam meningkatkan kesehatan hati dan jantung broiler strain Ross, The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of temulawak extract (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb) on the internal organs and digestive tract of broiler chickens. The experimental design used in this research was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 420 Ross strain day-old chicks divided into 6 treatments and 7 replications, each replication containing 10 broilers. The research treatments consisted of P0 = control diet, P1 = P0 + virginiamycin 20 mg kg-1 feed, P2 = P0 + TE 20 mg kg-1 feed, P3 = P0 + TE 40 mg kg-1 feed, P4 = P0 + TE 80 mg kg-1 feed, P5 = P0 + TE 160 mg kg-1 feed, and P6 = P0 + TE 320 mg kg-1 feed. The observed variables included the percentage of internal organs, immune organ percentage, digestive tract percentage, and relative length of the digestive tract. The results of the study showed that P2 administration significantly (P<0.05) reduced the liver and heart weight percentages and increased (P<0.05) the ileum weight percentage. The conclusion of this study is the treatment P2 is effective in improving the liver and heart health of Ross broiler chickens.
Keyword: broiler, organ dalam, saluran pencernaan, ekstrak temulawak

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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