Judul: Keanekaragaman Simplisia Nabati dan Produk Obat Tradisional yang Diperdagangkan di Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat
Abstrak: The utilization of plants as traditional medicine has been known from generation to generation and continued to grow up until now. Nowadays, medicinal plants are often used in the form of simplisia. Simplisia was natural material which have not undergone a change of form and can be used as medicine. The aim of this research was to identified kinds of simplisia vegetable, traditional medicinal products, the origin of supply and also the simplisia’s price that had been traded in Padang City. Data collection was done by direct observation and interview method. The result showed that there are 142 medicinal plant species from 56 families which is traded as simplisia. Most medicinal plants sold in the form of simplisia were obtained from plants that grows wild in the nature and also from cultivation. Simplisia from the wild have price between Rp2 000 to Rp5 000 / bunch. This price is still too low considering that there are some simplisia from the forest which has been categorized as rare plants, such as pulosari (Alyxia reinwardtii) and pulai (Alstonia scholaris). Traditional medicinal products traded in Padang city were produced by home industries, medium-scale industries, and top-scale industries in Java. There are 53 kinds of traditional medicinal products from 9 traditional medicine industries in Indonesia.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman Simplisia Nabati dan Produk Obat Tradisional yang Diperdagangkan di Kudus, Jawa Tengah.
Abstrak: Utilization of medicinal plants was increased every year so that need to collect data to minimize scarcity because of overexploitation. The purpose of this study were to identify: diversity of vegetable simplisia and traditional medicine product trade in Kudus, price of sale and stock source, also threteaned status of medicinal plants using interview with questions list method and purposive sampling to select person. There were 140 species from 51 family that dominated by Fabaceae (11.43%), life form was herb (39.29%), simplisia leaf (folium) (22.22%), and dominant for digestive diseases (43 species). There were 59 of traditional medicine products from Sidomuncul, Gujati 59, Bisma Sehat and Deltomed with dominant composition of ginger rhizome (21 products). Selling price was variation that supplied from Johar market Semarang and surrounding area of each market. Identified 12 species include of threatened category LIPI, 3 species of Appendix II CITES, 3 species Least Concern, 1 species Vulnerable and 1 species Endangered based on IUCN Redlist.
Keyword: Kudus, traditional medicine product, vegetable simplisia

Judul: Lawson Criterion Analysis of D-3He Fusion Reaction
Abstrak: Reaksi fusi merupakan reaksi penggabungan dua inti atom ringan menjadi inti atom baru yang lebih berat dengan melepas sejumlah energi. Kriteria Lawson sebagai syarat penting dalam reaksi fusi berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kriteria Lawson pada reaksi fusi D-³He dengan temperatur 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 keV, pengaruh radiasi bremsstrahlung dan reaktivitas fusi menggunakan parameter Hively dan Bosch-Hale. Nilai reaktivitas Hively berada dalam rentang 1,121 × 10^(-22) – 1,726 ×10^(-22) m^3/s, tidak jauh berbeda dengan reaktivitas Bosch-Hale yaitu 1,208 × 10^(-22) – 1,718 × 10^(-22) m^3/s. Reaktivitas fusi mempengaruhi kriteria Lawson, yaitu berada dalam rentang 1,110 × 10^21 – 1,452 × 10^21 s/m^3. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan waktu kungkungan dan kerapatan plasma yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan energi yang menguntungkan pada temperatur 75 – 100 keV sehingga fusi mencapai tahap ignition, Fusion reaction is a reaction where two light atomic nuclei merge into a new heavier atomic nucleus by releasing some energy. Lawson criterion is an important condition for sustainable fusion reactions. This study aims to determine Lawson criterion for the D-³He fusion reaction with temperatures of 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 keV, the effect of bremsstrahlung radiation, and fusion reactivity using Hively and Bosch-Hale parameters. Hively's reactivity value is in the range of 1,121 × 10^(-22) – 1,726 ×10^(-22) m^3/s , not so much different from Bosch-Hale’s reactivity of 1,208 × 10^(-22) – 1,718 × 10^(-22) m^3/s. Fusion reactivity affects Lawson criterion which is in the range of 1,110 × 10^21 – 1,452 × 10^21 s/m^3. This value indicates the confinement time and plasma density required to produce net energy at a temperature of 75 – 100 keV so that fusion reaches the ignition stage.
Keyword: kriteria Lawson, radiasi bremsstrahlung, reaksi fusi, reaktivitas fusi, Lawson criterion, bremsstrahlung radiation, fusion reaction, fusion reactivity