Judul: Dampak Relokasi  terhadap Kesejahteraan Masyarakat (Kasus: Pembangunan Rel Ganda Bogor-Sukabumi di Kelurahan Batutulis dan Empang, Bogor Selatan, Kota Bogor)
Abstrak: Pembangunan infrastruktur seringkali mengakibatkan penggusuran masyarakat sehingga memerlukan program relokasi. Relokasi pada penelitian ini dapat dikategorikan menjadi dua jenis yaitu terpusat dan ditentukan sendiri. Kategori tersebut sesuai dengan relokasi yang dilakukan oleh masyarakat terdampak. Masyarakat yang mengalami berbagai jenis relokasi mempunyai tingkat akses terhadap sumber daya yang berbeda-beda, sehingga menyebabkan kesenjangan kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana jenis relokasi mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan dengan fokus pada modal penghidupan yang tersedia di wilayah relokasi. Untuk itu penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif. Data kuantitatif mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor kunci yang mempengaruhi pemilihan jenis relokasi. Analisis jalur digunakan untuk menguji dampak langsung dan tidak langsung dari jenis kesejahteraan relokasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aksesibilitas dan tingkat layanan merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan jenis relokasi. Selain itu, pilihan jenis relokasi mempengaruhi kesejahteraan melalui sumber daya manusia yang terkait., Infrastructure development often results in the eviction of communities, necessitating relocation programs. Relocation in this research can be categorized into two types, namely centralized and self-determined. This category corresponds to the relocation carried out by the affected community. Communities experiencing various types of relocation have different levels of access to resources, resulting in disparities in welfare. This research aims to find out how the type of relocation affects the level of welfare by focusing on the livelihood capital available in the relocation area. For this reason, this research uses a quantitative approach supported by a qualitative approach. Quantitative data identified key factors influencing the choice of relocation type. Path analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect effects of relocation welfare types. The results of this study indicate that accessibility and level of service are important factors that determine the type of relocation. In addition, the choice of relocation type influences welfare through related human resources.
Keyword: jalur ganda, kesejahteraan, modal penghidupan, penggusuran, relokasi

Judul: The Impact of Relocation on Community Welfare (Case: Construction of the Bogor-Sukabumi Double Track in Batutulis and Empang Villages, South Bogor, Bogor City)
Abstrak: Pembangunan infrastruktur seringkali mengakibatkan penggusuran masyarakat sehingga memerlukan program relokasi. Relokasi pada penelitian ini dapat dikategorikan menjadi dua jenis yaitu terpusat dan mandiri. Perbedaan jenis relokasi mempunyai tingkat akses yang berbeda terhadap sumber daya, sehingga menyebabkan kesenjangan kesejahteraan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana jenis relokasi mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan dengan fokus pada modal penghidupan yang tersedia di wilayah relokasi. Untuk itu penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif didukung oleh pendekatan kualitatif. Responden pada penelitian ini terdiri dari 23 masyarakat relokasi mandiri di Kelurahan Empang dan 26 masyarakat relokasi terpusat di Kampung Setu Bereum, RT.04 RW.01, Kelurahan Bojongkerta. Data kuantitatif pada penelitian ini dianalisis menggunakan analisis faktor untuk melihat faktor pemilihan jenis relokasi dan analisis jalur untuk menguji dampak langsung dan tidak langsung dari jenis kesejahteraan relokasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa aksesibilitas dan tingkat layanan merupakan faktor penting yang menentukan jenis relokasi. Selain itu, pilihan jenis relokasi mempengaruhi kesejahteraan secara langsung dan tidak langsung melalui sumber daya manusia yang terkait., Infrastructure development often results in the eviction of communities, necessitating relocation programs. Relocation in this research can be categorized into two types, namely centralized and independent. Different types of relocation have different levels of access to resources, thus causing welfare disparities. This research aims to find out how the type of relocation affects the level of welfare by focusing on the livelihood capital available in the relocation area. For this reason, this research uses a quantitative approach supported by a qualitative approach. Respondents in this study consisted of 23 independent relocation communities in Empang Village and 26 centralized relocation communities in Setu Bereum Village, RT.04 RW.01, Bojongkerta Village. Quantitative data in this study were analyzed using factor analysis to look at factors in selecting the type of relocation and path analysis to examine the direct and indirect impacts of the type of welfare relocation. The results of this study indicate that accessibility and level of service are important factors that determine the type of relocation. In addition, the choice of relocation type influences welfare directly and indirectly through related human resources.
Keyword: jalur ganda, kesejahteraan, modal penghidupan, penggusuran, relokasi

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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