Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The influence man has exerted over domestic animals is to make them better serve his wants. On the other hand animals differ widely in their ability to thrive and to perform efficiently under a given set of conditions. This difference in adaptability can be traced back to their origin, where they were developed. Geographic location together with its climatic conditions had selected animals which wore adapted to those environments. After domestication natural selection was followed by artificial selection employed by man to develop individuals with most desirable features. More progress has boon attained in countries with temperate climate, consequently most highly specialized livestock are to be found in those regions. Very slow progress is observed in tropical countries with regerous conditions. Since the performance of livestock in the tropics is relatively low, man is apt to import animals with high producing ability from the temperate zones. This is particularly true of dairy cattle, but it holds also for other producers of animal protein (beef cattle, swine or poultry). In general the adaptability to the now environmental condition: which are markedly different from those in the native home of the imported animals, was not seriously taken into consideration. This point had been frequently overlooked in attempts to improve the quality or productivity of stock in a given arca. As a result much time, effort, and money have been expended, quite often with disappointing results.
Keyword: Animal husbandry, Veterinary, Breeding cattle

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Dairy cattle farming represent one of environment pollution sources in agricultural sector. Most of dairy farming's in Indonesia are managed in the forms of small holder farming's that give more attention to productivity rather than ecological concerns. The purpose of this study was to make models and their behavior of dairy cattle animal waste pollution on clean water quality and degree of smell at several regions with different natural physical and economic social conditions. This study also investigated the animal waste management that match with the farmer's condition in each region. Model compiled based on to component situation of livestock, environment and farmers condition. Data obtained from result of field observation, laboratory analysis and literature and also statistical of relevant institution. Determination of regional sarnpel of sub-province or town until chosen countryside conducted with multistage sampling without randomization (purposive sampling). Model simulation with program of Powesim 2 . 5 ~ . Based on the result of research can be concluded that 1) low natural physical region and low economic social condition had animal waste can to pollute of environment, 2) The waste management for the region with high natural physical and high economic social of bio gas, for regional with high natural phwical and lw social economics is by selling waste go out ranch location, composting for the region with low natural physical and high economic social, and composting accompanied by removing to excess of animal waste for regional with low natural physical and low economic social, 3) high natural physical region had the potential to realize sustainable small holder dairy cattle, while low natural physical region the availibility of water and forage represent aspect which need to get attention.
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Judul: Kombinasi algoritma sha 1 dan algoritma rsa untuk membentuk tanda tangan digital
Abstrak: Tanda tangan digital termasuk ke dalam teknik kriptografi yang memanfaatkan teknologi kunci publik (enkripsi asimetris). Tanda tangan digital dapat dibuat dengan mengkombinasikan teknik hashing (untuk membentuk message digest dari pesan asli) dan enkripsi asimetris (untuk membentuk kunci publik dan kunci privat). Teknik hashing yang digunakan adalah teknik rashing satu arah dengan menggunakan algoritma SHA 1, sedangkan algoritma RSA digunakan untuk enkripsi asimetris Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari, menganalisis, dan mengimplementasikan pembentukan dan verifikasi tanda tangan digital menggunakan dua metode, yaitu dengan mengkombinasikan algoritma SHA 1 dan algoritma RSA dan dengan menggunakan algoritma RSA saja. Analisis yang dilakukan pada kedua algoritma ini meliputi analisis algoritma, dan analisis hasil implementasi. Analisis terhadap algoritma SHA | menunjukkan bahwa algoritma ini memiliki kompleksitas O(n) untuk kasus terburuk. Sedangkan untuk pembentukan kunci publik dan kunci privat dengan algoritma RSA diperlukan beberapa algoritma pendukung, yaitu algoritma Miller Rabin, Witness, Euclid, dan Extended Euclid. Semua algoritma pendukung tersebut memiliki kompleksitas waktu yang sama, yaitu O(k), dengan adalah panjang representasi bit bilangan bulat. Kompleksitas waktu yang didapatkan untuk proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital dengan kedua metode ini adalah sama yaitu O(nk). Untuk proses verifikasi, kompleksitas waktu yang didapatkan dengan menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma adalah O(1 + k) dan untuk algoritma RSA adalah O(n + k). Pada proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma yang ditandatangani adalah message digest yang dihasilkan oleh algoritma SHA 1, sedangkan pada algoritma RSA yang ditandatangani adalah pesan itu sendiri. Dari hasil implementasi didapatkan untuk proses pembentukan tanda tangan digital menggunakan kombinasi dua algoritma lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan menggunakan algoritma RSA saja untuk file-file yang berukuran besar, dst
Keyword: Tnda Tangan Digital, Teknik Kriptografi, Enskripsi Asimetris