Judul: Pemanfaatan Limbah Ampas Tebu untuk Produksi Enzim Selulase dan Amiloglukosidase dari Aspergillus niger L51/NRRL A-11,264
Abstrak: Perlakuan delignifikasi hanya mernpercepat laju peruraian substrat dan meningkatkan aktivitas enzim pada tahap- tahap awal, sedangkan pada tahap-tahap selanjutnya medium tanpa perlakuan delignifikasi mampu menghasilkan enzim dengan aktivitas lebih baik.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan Limbah Padat Kacang Hijau Untuk Produksi Enzim- Emilase, Amiloglukosidase Dan Selulase Dari Aspergillus niger Dan Aspergillus oryzae
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pemanfaatan limbah padat kacang hijau sebagai media fermentasi untuk menghasilkan enzim damilase, amiloglukosidase dan selulase dari Aspergillus niger dan Aspergillus oryzae. A. niger L-51 dan A. oryzae L-54 masing-masing ditum- buhkan pada media limbah padat kacang hijau yang ditambah dengan air suling, atau larutan mineral yang mengandung NaH2PO4, CaCl2, KCl, dan MgCl2 dengan konsentrasi masing- masing sebesar 4.7, 0.1, 0.02, dan 0.02 persen. Jenis fer- mentasi yang digunakan adalah fermentasi media padat dan media cair. Setelah waktu inkubasi yang ditetapkan selama dua, lima, dan sembilan hari dicapai, enzim yang dihasilkan dipanen dan diuji aktifitasnya. Juga dilakukan pengukuran pH dan kadar protein terlarut di dalam filtrat enzim. Secara umum fermentasi media cair menghasilkan aktifitas enzim d-amilase, amiloglukosidase dan selulase yang lebih baik, kecuali untuk amiloglukosidase dari A. oryzae L-54 fermentasi media padat menghasilkan aktifitas enzim yang lebih baik. Semakin lama waktu inkubasi, aktifitas enzim d-amilase yang dihasilkan semakin rendah, sedangkan aktifitas enzim amiloglukosidase menunjukkan peningkatan sampai hari kelima kemudian menurun kembali, sebaliknya aktifitas enzim selu- lase menurun sampai hari kelima kemudian meningkat kembali. A. niger L-51 menghasilkan aktifitas enzim d-amilase tertinggi sebesar 5.203 unit/ml filtrat enzim atau 7.310 unit/mg protein pada fermentasi media cair dengan penambah- an air suling dan waktu inkubasi dua hari. Dengan waktu inkubasi yang sama diperoleh aktifitas enzim d-amilase ter- tinggi dari A. oryzae L-54 sebesar 4.877 unit/ml filtrat enzim 5.022 unit/mg protein pada fermentasi media cair de- ngan penambahan larutan mineral…dst
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite