Judul: Studi Kasus Patologi Feline Infectious  Peritonitis Pada Anak Kucing (Felis Catus)
Abstrak: Penelitian berupa studi kasus telah dilakukan untuk mempelajari perubahan patologi anatomi akibat Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) pada anak kucing. Kasus ini terjadi pada seekor anak kucing ras Persia berumur 4 bulan berjenis kelamin betina. Anak kucing menunjukkan gejala klinis berupa dispnoe, nafas abdominal dan dalam, anoreksia, berat badan turun drastis, lesu dan lemah. Pemeriksaan klinis dengan Roentgent menunjukkan terjadinya akumulasi cairan di rongga perut dan rongga dada, menyebabkan pembengkakan daerah perut disertai kesulitan bernafas. Perubahan patologi anatomi berupa hidrotoraks berisi cairan transudat warna bening kekuningan, sebanyak kurang lebih 100 ml. Pleura pulmonum dan kantong perikardium mengalami penebalan, kardiomyopathy. Ditemukan pula peritonitis fibrinosa dan adanya cairan dalam rongga abdomen. Hidropascites ditemukan lebih sedikit dengan eksudat fibrinous disertai peritonitis, selain itu ditemukan multifokal nekrotikan hepatitis dan splenitis, serta gastroenteritis. Hasil pengamatan histopatologi terlihat pada usus terjadi infiltrasi sel radang pada mukosa dan lamina propria, serta hiperplasia sel epitel. Pada omentum terjadi akumulasi sel limfoid, tubulus ginjal mengalami degenerasi lemak, pada glomerulus terdapat endapan protein. Perihepatitis pada hati ditandai oleh hadirnya infiltrasi sel radang yang didominasi oleh sel mononukleus pada bagian subserosa kapsula. Pada limpa terjadi penebalan kapsula, kongesti, fibrosis, endapan protein dan infiltrasi sel radang. Sel pada folikel limfoid mengalami deplesi, terutama pada bagian tengah banyak terdapat sel retikulum endoplasmik Otot jantung mengalami degenerasi membentuk vakuola dan sitoplasma berisi butiran-butiran protein. Otak mengalami kongesti, infiltrasi sel radang mononuklear, degenerasi neuron, proliferasi sel-sel glia, oedema perivaskular. Meningen mengalami hemoragi dan meningitis yang ditunjukkan dengan hadirnya makrofag dan sel mononuklear. Berdasarkan temuan patologi anatomi dan histopatologi pada anak kucing ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak kucing mengalami infeksi virus Feline Infectious Peritonitis tipe basah. Bentuk penyakit yang muncul sangat tergantung pada reaksi kekebalan tubuh kucing, infeksi Feline Infectious Peritonitis terjadi melalui rute fekal-oral. Kata Kunci : Coronavirus, FIP, kucing, patologi, peritonitis.
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Judul: Histopathology of Meningitis due to Feline Infectious Peritonitis: Case Study
Abstrak: Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi pada kucing domestik disebabkan oleh Feline Coronavirus (FCoV). FCoV dalam bentuk avirulen bereplikasi di enterosit, tetapi pada sebagian kucing terjadi mutasi pada area spesifik genom FCoV yang menghasilkan fenotipe baru yang dapat bereplikasi di dalam makrofag. Terdapat dua bentuk patologis yang berbeda dari FIP yaitu bentuk efusif dan non-efusif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini identifikasi perubahan histopatologis pada sel-sel otak kucing akibat infeksi feline infectious peritonitis (FIP). Sampel otak diambil dari kucing yang diduga terinfeksi FIP lalu didiagnosis secara klinis dan patologis oleh dokter hewan. Sampel ginjal, hati, dan paru-paru diproses rutin menggunakan metode histopatologi untuk konfirmasi FIP. Sampel otak dianalisis perubahan patologis menggunakan metode histopatologi. Gambar histopatologi diambil menggunakan mikroskop cahaya dan dianalisis menggunakan perangkat lunak aplikasi ImageJ. Parameter seperti ketebalan meningen, ukuran sel Purkinje, dan ukuran sel neuron diukur dalam milimeter (mm). Rata-rata setiap pengukuran dihitung dan dibandingkan antara sampel yang terinfeksi FIP dan sampel kontrol. Rata-rata ukuran sel Purkinje dan ukuran sel neuron pada sampel yang terinfeksi FIP menunjukkan perbedaan yang lebih luas dibandingkan dengan sampel kontrol. Rata-rata ketebalan meninges juga lebih besar dibandingkan dengan sampel kontrol. Infeksi FIP pada kucing dapat menyebabkan perubahan sel saraf, sel Purkinje dan meningen di otak menjadi lebih besar dari normal., Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a prevalent disease amongst domestic cats caused by Feline Coronavirus (FCoV). Avirulent form of FCoV that replicates in enterocytes but in a subset of cats, a mutation in a specific area of the FCoV genome results in a new phenotype that can replicate in macrophages. There are two distinct pathological forms of FIP namely effusive and non-effusive. The objective of this study is to understand the histopathological changes of feline brain cells due to FIP. The brain sample was taken from a cat that was diagnosed clinically, pathologically by veterinarian as a suspected cat with FIP infection. The kidney, liver and lung sample were processed routinely using histopathological method for FIP confirmation. The brain sample from the same cat was processed using histopathological methods to analyse the pathological changes. Histopathological images were taken using a light microscope and analysed using ImageJ software application. Parameters such as thickness of meninges, size of Purkinje cells and size of neuron cells were measured in millimetres (mm). The average of each measurement was calculated and compared between FIP infected sample and the control sample. The average size of Purkinje cells and average size of neuron cells in FIP infected sample showed larger than the control sample. The average thickness of meninges is greater than the control sample. We conclude that FIP infection in cats can change the size of Purkinje cell, neuron cell and meninges in the brain to be enlarged than normal.
Keyword: brain, feline infectious peritonitis (FIP), histopathological changes, ImageJ, meninges

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm