Judul: Dinamika Pengaruh Remitansi terhadap Nilai Tukar Riil di Indonesia Tahun 2010-2021: Pendekatan Vector Error Correction Model
Abstrak: Nilai tukar memainkan peranan penting dalam dinamika perekonomian suatu negara. Nilai tukar yang mengalami apresiasi dan depresiasi dipengaruhi oleh permintaan mata uang di pasar valuta asing. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh remitansi dan variabel-variabel terpilih lainnya terhadap nilai tukar riil di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series kuartal dari periode 2010-2021 yang dianalisis menggunakan metode VECM, uji IRF, uji FEVD. Berdasarkan hasil estimasi pada jangka pendek pertumbuhan remitansi, pertumbuhan harga minyak dunia, pertumbuhan suku bunga, pertumbuhan output nasional, pertumbuhan cadangan devisa, dan pandemi Covid-19 mempengaruhi nilai tukar riil secara signifikan. Pada jangka panjang semua variabel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai tukar riil. Shock dari variabel output nasional, remitansi, harga minyak dunia, dan suku bunga bersifat persisten (jangka panjang) terhadap respon dari nilai tukar riil. Variabel yang berkontribusi paling besar terhadap nilai tukar riil yaitu, harga dalam negeri, suku bunga, dan remitansi., The exchange rate plays an important role in the dynamics of a country's economy. The exchange rate that experiences appreciation and depreciation is influenced by the demand for currencies in the foreign exchange market. This study aims to analyze the effect of remittances and other selected variables on the real exchange rate in Indonesia. The data used is quarterly time series data from the 2010-2021 period which is analyzed using the VECM method, IRF test, FEVD test. Based on the results of short-term estimates of remittance growth, world oil price growth, interest rate growth, national output growth, foreign exchange reserves growth, and the Covid-19 pandemic significantly affected the real exchange rate. In the long run all variables have a significant effect on the real exchange rate. Shocks from the variables of national output, remittances, world oil prices, and interest rates are persistent (long-term) to the response of the real exchange rate. The variables that contribute the most to the real exchange rate are domestic prices, interest rates, and remittances.
Keyword: FEVD, IRF, Real Exchange Rate, Remittances, VECM

Judul: Analisis Pengaruh Penerimaan Remitansi terhadap Nilai Tukar Riil di Indonesia
Abstrak: Remitansi tenaga kerja merupakan sumber dana eksternal yang penting bagi ketersediaan devisa negara di beberapa negara berkembang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perkembangan remitansi tenaga kerja di Indonesia, serta menganalisis pengaruh penerimaan remitansi terhadap nilai tukar riil di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data time series dari periode 1983 hingga 2014. Error Correction Model (ECM) digunakan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jangka pendek dan jangka panjang penerimaan remitansi dan nilai tukar riil di Indonesia. Jumlah tenaga kerja Indonesia cenderung menurun selama beberapa tahun terakhir, tetapi penerimaan remitansi memiliki tren yang terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa dalam jangka pendek, penerimaan remitansi memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai tukar riil. Begitu pula, dalam jangka panjang penerimaan remitansi memiliki hubungan yang positif dan signifikan terhadap nilai tukar. Hubungan positif antara penerimaan remitansi dan nilai tukar riil menujukkan bahwa penerimaan remitansi mengakibatkan nilai tukar riil terdepresiasi.
Keyword: error correction model, nilai tukar riil, remitansi

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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