Judul: Rabies sebagai penyakit zoonosis serta usaha pencegahan dan pengendaliannya
Abstrak: Rabies adalah suatu penyakit akut yang sudah sejak lama diketahui baik pada hewan maupun manusia dan selalu berakhir dengan kematian. Disebabkan oleh virus filterable yang bersifat neurotropic. Terdiri atas beberapa serotipe yang dapat diisolasi dari hewan mamalia, rodensia, serangga dan bahkan manusia (Keep, 1982). Semua hewan berdarah panas peka terhadap infeksi rabies. Penyebaran dialam terjadi lewat berbagai jenis hewan seperti anjing, kucing, rubah, serigala, Jackal, kelelawar dan sebagainya. Setiap negara/daerah mempunyai epidemiologi yang berbeda untuk pemyebaran penyakit rabies, sehingga berbeda pula reservoir dan vektor utamanya (Sikes, 1975). Infeksi penyakit paling banyak lewat gigitan hewan gila/tersangka gila, meskipun beberapa kasus terjadi bu kan lewat gigitan. Manusia merupakan jalan buntu (dead erd) terhadap penyebaran rabies meskipun beberapa pihak masih menyangsikan (Bisseru, 1972; Kaplan, 1977). ...
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Judul: Rabies Pada Hewan dan Pencegahannya di Indonesia
Abstrak: Rabies adalah penyakit menular yang akut dari susun- an syaraf pusat disebabkan oleh virus rabies yang dapat menyerang hewan berdarah panas (Hardjosworo, 1977). Rabies menyebabkan bahaya dan kerugian yang besar, sehingga memerlukan usaha pencegahan timbulnya penyakit tersebut. Pencegahan yang baik dan berkesinambungan akan mendapatkan harapan terbebasnya suatu wilayah terhadap penyakit rabies. Virus rabies dapat ditemukan pada jaringan syaraf dan sekresi kelenjar saliva hewan penderita (Belschner, 1974). Rabies yang ada di alam ditularkan oleh carnivora lewat gigitan. Semua hewan berdarah panas peka terhadap infeksi rabies (Tierkel, 1964). Menurut Keep (1982), Gejala klinis dari penyakit rabies dapat dibagi dalam tiga stadium atau fase yaitu stadium prodormal, stadium exitasi dan stadium paralitik. Dari ketiga fase ini, setelah melampaui fase prodormal akan didapatkan dua bentuk gejala, yaitu bentuk ganas (furious rabies) dan bentuk diam/dungu (dumb rabies). Diagnosa rabies memerlukan pemeriksaan riwayat hewan, tanda-tanda klinis, gambaran anatomis dan histo- phatologis serta pemeriksaan dari bahan/ specimen secara laboratorium. Pencegahan penyakit rabies pada hewan meliputi tindakan atau usaha untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit rabies di suatu daerah, misalnya methode internal yang dilakukan terhadap vektor dan reservoir, dan usaha untuk mencegah meluasnya penyakit rabies dari suatu daerah ke daerah lain, misalnya dengan methode external yang dilakukan terhadap hewan-hewan yang berasal dari luar pembatasan….
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Judul: Enhancement of photon absorbtion on BaxSr1-xTiO3 thin films semiconductor using photonic crystals.
Abstrak: In this research, has been conducted BaxSr1-xTiO3 (BST) thin films manufacturing for mole fraction x = 0.25, 0.35, 0.45, and 0.55; and concentration of 1 molar using chemical solution depositon (CSD) method. The materials, which are used in this research, are barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%], titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28), 97.999%], gallium trioxide [Ga2O3], 2-methoxyethanol [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] and 1 x 1 cm of transparent conductive oxide (TCO) glass as substrate. Two BST thin films are made that for BST thin films which are doped by 10% galium (BGST) as p-type layer and pure BST solution as n-type. BST solution is made by reacting barium acetate [Ba(CH3COO)2, 99%], strontium acetate [Sr(CH3COO)2, 99%] and titanium isopropoxide [Ti(C12O4H28)] into 2-methoxyethanol solvent [H3COOCH2CH2OH, 99%] in accordance with mass gram for each x value. While, BGST solution is made in the same way as BST solution, plus adding gallium at 10% of the mass of BST. Once all materials are reacted, then vibrated using ultrasonic for 90 minutes, and followed by coating BGST / BST on the TCO substrate. Once the layer is formed, then annealed for 15 hours at temperature of 500 °C with increasing rate of 1.67 oC/minute. Characterizations of BST thin films with or without photonic crystals include the absorbance and transmittance in the visible light spectrum, as well as the electrical photoconductivity characterizations. From BST thin films without photonic crystals indicate that our thin films have light absorption area on almost the entire range of the visible light spectrum even to the infrared range with absorption value over than 67.6%, in addition, it can be seen that the maximum absorbance of BST thin films for all mole fractions lie in blue to green light spectrum region, 457 nm ≤ λ ≤ 570 nm and the minimum in yellow to red light spectrum region, 570 nm ≤ λ ≤ 678 nm. The largest absorbance is found at x = 0.25 with average absorbance value of 92.04% and maximum and minimum absorbance peaks at wavelength of 500.89 and 657.72 nm, respectively. At x = 0.35, average absorbance value decreased to 83.55% with maximum and minimum peaks at 505.73 and 613.68 nm, respectively. Then increased to 91.16% at x = 0.45 with maximum and minimum peaks at 506.04 and 618.56 nm, respectively. At x = 0.55, average absorbance value decreased to 80.12% with maximum and minimum peaks at 507.85 and 608.79 nm, respectively. Moreover, it can be seen that the addition of barium mole fraction leads to wider maximum absorbance or minimum transmittance peaks and narrower minimum absorbance or maximum transmittance peaks in the same range of the green and blue & red light spectrums, respectively. BST thin films with photonic crystals show increasing in absorption for all x values in the range of 3.04 into 13.33%. At x = 0.25, average absorbance percentage increased 3.96% from 92.4 into 95.68%, for x = 0.35 average percentage increased 7.07% into 89.45 from 83.55%. Furthermore, average absorbance of BST thin films at x = 0.45 increased 3.04% from 91.16 into 93.93% and x = 0.55 has
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