arulpm/tripletsmall huggingface dataset:
Judul: Identifikasi Pemanfaatan dan Pengembangan Tumbuhan Obat di Sekitar Taman Nasional Lore Lindu
Abstrak: High biodiversity richness of Lore Lindu National Park (LLNP) and ethno-pharmacology knowledge owned by local community is a potential for sustainable use of natural resources.
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Judul: Interaksi masyarakat dengan tumbuhan obat di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: TN G. Gede Pangrango merupakan kawasan konservasi yang berbatasan dengan pemukiman penduduk. Hal ini menimbulkan adanya interaksi antara penduduk dengan sumberdaya yang terdapat di kawasan taman nasional tersebut, diantaranya adalah tumbuhan obat. Taman nasional tersebut diketahui terdapat 128 jenis tumbuhan obat yang masuk ke dalam 62 famili dengan jumlah jenis terbanyak pada Famili Lauraceae, 11 diantaranya merupakan jenis tumbuhan obat langka Indonesia (Floribunda, 1992). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) potensi plasma nutfah tumbuhan obat di TN G. Gede Pangrango, (2) jenis-jenis tumbuhan obat yang sudah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat, (3) bentuk-bentuk pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat oleh masyarakat, (4) faktor-faktor pendorong dan penghambat dalam pengembangan pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat oleh masyarakat, (5) cara-cara pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat dan (6) kemungkinan pengembangan pelestarian pemanfaatan tumbuhan obat tradisional di TN G. Gede Pangrango dan sekitarnya.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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Judul: Genetic analysis and inheritance studies of resistance to anthracnose
Abstrak: Pepper anthracnose is one of the most destructive diseases in Indonesia. Anthracnose in pepper caused by Colletotrichum acutatum have been reported to be predominant disease in pepper fields of Indonesia. Inheritance of resistance to anthracnose caused by C. acutatum in Capsicum annuum was studied.
Keyword: Inheritance, Anthracnose, Resistance, Pepper, Colletotrichum acutatum, Analisis silang dialel, Interaksi genetik x lingkungan

Judul: Study on the resistance of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L) to anthracnose disease
Abstrak: The research was conducted in the greenhouse of The Department of Agronomy and Laboraty of The Department of Plant Pest and Disease, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University from April 2000 to March 2001. The objective of this research was to evaluate the best method and time of inoculation, and the resistance of four hot pepper genotypes to anthracnose on pre and post harvested fruits. Resistance evaluation on pre-harvested fruits was done in the greenhouse with "spray" inoculation method of lo6 sporedml Colletotrzchum gloeosporzoides suspension at flowering stage and fruit-set stage. Resistance study on post-harvested fruits was done in the laboratory with "paste" method of inoculation on mature green and mature red stage fruits. Both experiments were set in a factorial and completely randomized design with four replications and five plants per experimental unit. The genotypes evaluated were UPM, Titsuper, Yogya, and Jatilaba. Observations were done on disease severity, disease incidence and percentage of fruit damage.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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Judul: Aktivitas antibakteri fraksi aktif daun lidah mertua (Sansevieria trifasciata Prain)
Abstrak: Sansevieria trifasciata Prain is an indigenous plant of South Africa and indicated has an antibacterial activity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the potential of this speciesas antibacterial to inhibit the activity of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli using disc diffusion method. Some leaves were extracted using maceration method. The result indicated that crude extract at concentration 1250, 2500, 5000, and 10000 ppm showed no activity against the test bacterial. Steroids, flavonoids, and alkaloids were found in the crude extract. The crude extract was fractionated using column chromatography. Ethyl acetate and chloroform were used as eluent with the best ratio (6:1). The fractionation yield 10 fractions. The fraction were test at concentration 10000, 20000, and 40000 ppm. The antibacterial assay showed there was only 1 fraction active against Gram-positive (S. aureus).
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Judul: Fraksi aktif ekstrak daun Sansevieria trifasciata Prain sebagai penghambat pertumbuhan sel lestari HeLa
Abstrak: Sansevieria trifasciata Prain is an ornamental plant which is also useful as a source of antibacterial and antioxidant agent. Studies of S. trifasciata Prain as anticancer have not been reported. Therefore, the objective of this study is to isolate bioactive compounds of S. trifasciata Prain leaves that shows in vitro proliferation inhibition of HeLa cell lines. The sample was macerated in 96% methanol and concentrated using a rotary evaporator. The crude extract was fractionated using chromatography column with silica gel as the stationary phase and gradient chloroform-ethyl acetate as the mobile phase. Qualitative phytochemical and inhibition activity using MTT assay (3- (4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-diphenyltetrazolium-2,5-bromide) were performed on the crude extract and its fractions at concentrations between 200 and 1000 ppm. The crude extract contained flavonoids, alkaloids, and steroids, but the crude extract could not inhibit proliferation of HeLa cell lines. The chromatography resulted 10 fractions, however, there was only one fraction with the highest proliferation inhibition was 87.52% at concentration of 10000 ppm that. This fraction contained flavonoids and alkaloids.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.
Judul: Pengaruh proses pengawetan rendaman panas dingin terhadap efektifitas bahan pengawet CCB
Abstrak: jamur pelapuk tersebut lebih kecil dari 3%, sehingga dengan persen penurun berat yang relatif kecil dapat diabaikan sebagai suatu kerusakan kayu. Hal ini sesuai dengan Standar Inggris, Jerman dan Belanda untuk metode pengujian Kolle Flask, dimana nilai persen penurunan berat antara 3 sampai 5% dapat dia- baikan sebagai suatu kerusakan kayu.
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Judul: Pengaruh lama pemanasan kayu pada pengawetan metode rendaman dengan menggunakan bahan pengawet wolmanit CB pada kayu mindi (Melia azedarach L.)
Abstrak: Seiring dengan tuntutan konsumen terhadap kayu awet, industri pengawetan kayu di Indonesia berkembang. Tolok ukur keberhasilan pengawetan kayu yang dipakai adalah re- tensi dan penetrasi. Tingginya retensi bukan jaminan hasil pengawetan yang baik, jika penetrasinya dangkal. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan kayu yang terus meningkat, diperlukan usaha memanfaatkan jenis-jenis kayu yang kurang awet. Sejalan dengan hal itu diperlukan upaya meningkat- kan keawetan kayu yang kurang awet agar dapat dipakai sebagaimana mestinya. Retensi, penetrasi, dan distribusi bahan pengawet, di- antaranya dipengaruhi oleh perlakuan pendahuluan dan tek- nis pengawetan. Pemilihan cara pengawetan kayu selain tergantung kepada tempat dimana kayu itu dipergunakan, je- nis kayu dan kelas keterawetan kayu tersebut juga tergan- tung kepada faktor ekonomi. Metode rendaman merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan kayu secara sederhana dan cukup efektif dibandingkan cara pencelupan dan pelaburan. Pada cara ini kayu direndam dalam larutan bahan pengawet larut air dan larutan bahan pengawetnya biasanya pada suhu dimana kayu itu berada....
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Judul: Sistem Informasi Geografis untuk Pola Aktivitas Manusia dengan Pemodelan Data Spatio-Temporal
Abstrak: The human activity in a given time period will shape its pattern. This research develops a spatiotemporal data model to support the prediction of human existence based on activity-pattern and also visualizes the activity locations in a GIS environment. This so-called mobility oriented spatiotemporal data model conceptualizes the spatial and temporal interaction of activity behaviour using the concept of mobility. In other words, activity patterns are conceptualized as a sequence of staying at or traveling between activity locations. The model can support the analysis and queries of activities from different perspectives, i.e. queries can be time-oriented, person-oriented, activity-oriented, and location-oriented. A prototype system based on the activity data modelling is implemented in MySQL 5.0.27 as DBMS with using PhpMyAdmin 2.9.1.1 software. Spatial database is developed with using software QuantumGIS and ArcView. The system could be accessed online through a web browser with MySQL as its database storage and Pmapper framework as the tools used in visualizing the activity locations.The information were provided in the form of activity attribute-data as the user requested and graphical-data (map) which contains information about its activity locations.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Aterosklerosis merupakan penyebab kematian utama di negara industri maju (Titus,1985). Di Indonesia, penyakit ini juga merupakan penyebab kematian tertinggi diantara penyakit-penyakit yang tidak menular (Laporan Dep.Kes. 1972, Laporan Dep.Kes. 1986). Hipotesa mengenai penyebab dari terjadinya aterosklerosis adalah: 1). Teori cedera, dapat terjadi oleh berbagai macam sebab. 2 ). Infiltrasi lemak kedalam intima khususnya kolesterol. Yang terakhir adalah 3). "Unified theoryw atau teori gabungan yang menyatakan lemak sendiri setelah mengalami oksidasi (antara lain oleh radikal bebas atau oksidan lain) menjadi sangat sitotoksik sehingga dapat mencederai endotel pembuluh darah arteri sekaligus mempermudah terjadinya infiltrasi lemak ke dalam intima.
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Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: Kondisi stres menyebabkan jumlah radikal bebas berlebih dan dapat menimbulkan kerusakan sel. Tubuh secara normal mempunyai mekanisme pertahanan terhadap radikal bebas yaitu antioksidan. Antioksidan berfungsi untuk menetralkan radikal bebas. Superoksida dismutase (SOD) adalah salah satu enzin antioksidan intrasel yang melindungi sel dari serangan radikal bebas. Salah satu antioksidan ekstrasel yang dapat melindungi sel dari serangan radikal bebas adalah a[alfa]-tokoferol.
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Judul: Application of Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficients (MFCC) as Feature Extraction on Phoneme Recognition with Probabilistic Neural Network (PNN) as Classifier
Abstrak: Voice recognition (speech recognition) is one field of study in voice processing. This technology can convert voice signals into a form of written information (text). With this technology, people can interact with a computer. MFCC feature extraction computes the cepstral coefficients by considering the human hearing. This research is a phoneme recognition using feature extraction MFCC and PNN as feature matching model. This study compares the coefficient, overlap, and the test data without noise and with noise. MFCC is used with 13, 20, 26 coefficients and 0%, 25%, 50% overlap. Noise is added by 30 dB, 20 dB and 10 dB. From the comparison of the three overlaps, produced the best accuracy at 50% overlap with an accuracy of 94,71%. From comparing the three coefficients, better accuracy resulting in coefficients of 20 and 26 with an accuracy of 97,12% at 50% overlap. After comparing between the coefficients of 20 and 26 with overlap of 25% then the coefficient 26 is obtained that better accuracy of 94,23%. This shows that in this study the coefficient 26 is the best. In this research, there are three noise variables. The variables are 10 dB, 20 dB, and 30 dB. The best accuracy reached when the noise variable is 30 dB rather than 10 dB or 20 dB because the accuracy has the closest accuracy compared by the accuracy when noise was not added into the data. When the noise variable is 30 dB, the percentage of accuracy is 85,3%.
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Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologi Sosis Fermentasi Asal Daging Tetelan Sapi dengan Penggunaan Kultur Starter Probiotik
Abstrak: Many consumers like to consume fourquarter beef because the price is cheap. This beef can be increased its quality, if being new product with spicy addition and culture starter such as Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 and Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 into sausage casing through conditioning and drying process, it is named as fermented sausage. The aim of this research was to analyze microbial quality of fermented sausage from fourquarter beef. This research used completely randomized design, with 3 treatments and 4 replications, which were without addition of probiotic culture (control), using 2% of Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 and using 2% of Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4. L. plantarum 2C12 was decided can work as culture starter more effective. Probiotic bacteria that were used in this research can inhibit pathogen bacteria such as Eschericia coli, Salmonella and Staphylococcus aureus.
Keyword: microbial quality., Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4, Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12, fourquarter beef, fermented sausage

Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologis Sosis Fermentasi yang diberi Probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 atau Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4
Abstrak: Daging merupakan bahan pangan sumber protein hewani yang memiliki nilai gizi yang cukup tinggi sehingga bagi mikroorganisme daging merupakan media pertumbuhan yang baik. Daging mudah rusak oleh kontaminasi mikroba patogen dan dapat mengalami pembusukan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan diversifikasi produk olahan daging untuk menarik minat dan mempertahankan kualitas daging. Salah satu produk olahan daging adalah sosis fermentasi yang dalam proses pembuatannya ditambahkan bakteri asam laktat. Penggunaan bakteri asam laktat dalam sosis fermentasi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba yang bersifat toksik. Bakteri asam laktat yang digunakan dalam penelitian in adalah bakteri asam laktat yang bersifat probiotik yaitu L. plantarum 2C12 dan L. acidophilus 2B4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 atau Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 terhadap kualitas mikrobiologis dalam produk sosis fermentasi.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.
Judul: Pengamatan penyakit penting pada tanaman kakao di afdeling pasir ucing perkebunan swasta bayabang pasir ucing, kecamatan cipeundeuy, kabupaten bandung, propinsi jawa barat
Abstrak: Survei penyakit tanaman ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penyakit penting pada tanaman kakao dan besar serangan patogennya serta usaha penanggulangan yang dilakukan di Afdeling Pasir Ucing Perkebunan Swasta Bayabang Pasir Ucing, Kecamatan Cipeundeuy, Kabupaten Bandung, Propinsi Jawa Barat. Penyakit yang ditemukan endemis di lokasi pengamatan adalah busuk buah hitam yang disebabkan oleh Phytophthora palmivora dengan luas serangan 54.92 persen dan tingkat kerusakan 9.49 persen, dan penyakit jamur upas yang disebabkan oleh Corticium salmonicolor dengan luas serangan 22.31 persen. Selain penyakit tersebut terdapat pula penyakit vascular streak dieback, yang saat ini merupakan masalah penting di Indonesia, penyakit akar, penyakit busuk buah Diplodia dan penyakit sarang laba-laba. Usaha pengendalian penyakit pada tanaman kakao dila- kukan dengan sanitasi kebun, eradikasi bagian tanaman atau tanaman yang terserang dan penggunaan fungisida…
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Judul: PEngamatan Penyakit Penting Tanaman kakao (Theobroma cacao L.) di Kebun Rajamandala PT. Perkebunan XII Bandung
Abstrak: Hama dan penyakit adalah salah satu hambatan dalam usaha meningkatkan budidaya tanaman kakao. Tidak sedikit biaya harus dikeluarkan untuk menanggulanginya. Tujuan praktek lapang adalah untuk menetahui penyakit penting tanaman kakao d Kebun Rajamandala PT. Perkebunan XXI Bandung dan usaha pengendalian yang dilakukan. Hasil penarikan contoh menunjukkan bahwa penyakit yang menjadi masalah pada saat praktek lapang adalah penyakit jamur upas dan busuk buah hitam.
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Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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Judul: Karbon Organik Tanah dan Emisi Karbon dari Budidaya Padi dengan Pupuk Organik Berbeda
Abstrak: Indonesia rice fields covering an area of approximately 10.9 million acres is expected to contribute about 1% of total global methane. The addition of organic matters into paddy fields is thought to be one factor for increasing of green house gas emissions especially methane from rice fields. The research was conducted to determine the correlation of soil organic carbon to carbon emissions from rice cultivation. The experimental design used Randomized Complete with 7 treatments and 3 replications. The parameters observed in each treatment were soil organic matter content, the growth of rice plants, bacterial counts of heterotrophs and metanotrophs, and the rate of CH4 and CO2 emissions. The addition of compost increased the ratio of siol organic carbon and nitrogen. Soil and compost ratio of 1:1 performed lower methane emissions. Increasing of soil organic matter showed increasing of CH4 and CO2 emissions. Methane emissions are also associated with waterlogged soil conditions that are favorable for the methanogenic bacteria.
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Judul: Efektivitas Bakteri Metanotrof dan Ochrobactrum anthropi sebagai Pupuk Hayati dan Pereduksi Emisi Gas CH4 serta N2O di Sawah Anorganik.
Abstrak: Global warming is the increasing of earth's surface temperature which can occurred due to agricultural activities. Agricultural activities contribute to the global warming as sources of CH4 and N2O emissions. Application of methanotrophic bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Azotobacter and Azospirillum combination could reduce the emission of CH4 and N2O. In addition, these bacteria can fix nitrogen (N2) to enhance the plant growth. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of methanotrophic bacteria, Ochrobactrum anthropi, Azotobacter and Azospirillum combination as biofertilizer and emission reducer of CH4 and N2O in the inorganic paddy fields. This experiment was arranged by treating 100% dosage of inorganic fertilizer as positive control, 25% dosage of inorganic fertilizer and 25% dosage of inorganic fertilizer mixed by biofertilizer. The observations were made on the growth parameters and the rate of gas fluxes. The combination of bacterial isolates could increase rice growth, grain yield productivity and they also could reduce CH4 and N2O emission.
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Judul: Analisis Kestabilan Model Virus Komputer dengan Infeksi Tunda dan Pemulihan Tunda.
Abstrak: In this paper, a dynamical model is composed of computer virus model that considers time delay of infection and recovery processes. Stability analysis is performed to both models, i.e. the models with and without time delay. The model without time delay has two fixed points, which one of them is stable and the other is unstable. On the other hand, the model with time delay has fixed points which one of them is spiral stable. If the value of time delay is sufficiently large, then it will imply the stability changes from spiral stable to spiral unstable and subsequently the appearance of limit-cycle and Hopf bifurcation.
Keyword: computer virus model, Hopf bifurcation, time delay