Judul: Spatial Outlier Detection On Bogor City Regional Election Data Based On Polling Center.
Abstrak: Spatial outlier is a local instability (in values of non-spatial attributes) or a spatially referenced object whose non-spatial attributes are significantly different from the object surrounding it, even though the attributes may not significantly different from the entire population. Detecting spatial outlier is very useful in the application of geographic information system as well as in the spatial data base. This research focuses on the spatial outlier on Bogor City Regional Election Data in the 2008 election. Before starting the spatial outlier detection, the spatial outlier model was done visually by using an equal interval and natural breaks methods. This research uses the iterative ratio and iterative z-value algorithm. Both algorithms uses an iterative process. With this iterative process done by both algorithm, the falsity of a spatial outlier detection can be minimized. One example algorithm that potentially make a false detection is Moran scatterplot. For each iteration, there will be one detected spatial outlier. To determine a spatial outlier, a comparison function is used. On iterative ratio algorithm, a comparison function used is ratio function. On iterative z-value algorithm, a comparison function used is the gap function which is later normalized. A polling center’s data is said to be a spatial outlier if its value out of a comparison function exceeds the threshold. Threshold used in this research is 3, it means that number of spatial outlier detected is 2% - 5% from total data. Based on the research done, the result being detected as the spatial outlier use in iterative ratio and iterative z-value algorithm owns the difference in the detection amount. Iterative ratio and iterative z-value algorithm can also reduce a false detection which is done by Moran scatterplot. Keywords : spatial outlier, iterative z-value algorithm, iterative ratio algorithm.
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Judul: Klasifikasi Spasial untuk Objek Spasial di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Various spatial objects in Bogor City have caused a significant increase of spatial data in Bogor City. These spatial data needs to be processed and analyzed using spatial data mining technique, which is able to extract the knowledge or patterns in the spatial database. This research extracts the patterns of terminals, stations, railroads, rivers, roads, and landuse characteristics using one of the spatial data mining techniques, namely spatial classification. In this research, the spatial relations between an object and its surrounding is determined using topological relations, with spatial operations such as contains, overlaps, equals, disjoint, intersects, within, crosses, and touches. The result of spatial classification accuracy using C4.5 algorithm is 72.117%. From this spatial classification result, the characteristics of spatial objects in Bogor City can be identified based on spatial operations.
Keyword: spatial data mining, spatial classification, C4.5 algorithm

Judul: Sintesis Nitril Satu-Wadah dari Asam Lemak Jenuh
Abstrak: Nitrile is an important intermediate for fine-chemicals industries. In particular, fatty nitriles can be used for the production of bio-based surfactants, lubricant oils, and other high-valued chemicals. The aim of this study was to develop an efficient synthesis method for direct conversion of saturated fatty acids into their nitrile analogues. This study was expected to enhance the economical value of crude palm oil and crude palm kernel oil. The synthesis was conducted in one-pot reaction by refluxing fatty acid and excess of acetonitrile in acidic condition. The optimum condition for this reaction was at 115 °C for 24 hours with yields of 50, 50, 70, and 75% for lauric acid (C-12), myristic acid (C-14), palmitic acid (C-16), and stearic acid (C-18), respectively. Purity of the fatty nitriles obtained through this method were confirmed by thin layer chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectra, nuclear magnetic resonance spectra, and melting-points.
Keyword: one-pot synthesis, fatty nitrile, fatty acid