Judul: Tekanan Sosial, Tekanan Psikologis, dan Kesejahteraan Subjektif Keluarga di Wilayah Perdesaan dan Perkotaan
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji tekanan sosial, tekanan psikologis, dan kesejahteraan subjektif keluarga di wilayah perdesaan dan perkotaan. Penelitian ini merupakan subsampling dari penelitian utama “Keragaan Ketahanan Keluarga Indonesia” (Sunarti 2012). Penelitian utama dilakukan di delapan desa di Kota dan Kabupaten Bogor, sedangkan penelitian ini mengambil dua lokasi dari penelitian utama yakni Kelurahan Empang dan Mulyaharja, dengan melibatkan 60 orang contoh. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tekanan sosial, tekanan psikologis, dan kesejahteraan subjektif lebih tinggi di wilayah perkotaan. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan pendapatan keluarga berhubungan negatif dengan tekanan psikologis. Hasil uji regresi menunjukkan tekanan sosial berpengaruh positif terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif. Akan tetapi, tekanan psikologis berpengaruh negatif terhadap kesejahteraan subjektif hanya di wilayah perdesaan. Faktor yang mempengaruhi kesejahteraan subjektif adalah tekanan sosial, tipologi wilayah, usia suami, pendapatan keluarga, pendidikan istri, dan besar keluarga. Tipologi wilayah dan pola nafkah ganda berpengaruh terhadap tekanan sosial dan terhadap tekanan psikologis.
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Judul: Tipologi dan Kesejahteraan Subjektif Keluarga di Perdesaan dan Perkotaan
Abstrak: This study is aimed to determine the influences of family characteristics, regional typology, and family typology on subjective well-being. This study is a subsampling research of the 2012 competitive research grant of “The Variability Family Strength Indonesia” (Sunarti 2012). The main research was conducted in eight area in Bogor City and Regency, whereas this subsampling research took two location from main research, there are Empang and Mulyaharja, that involved 60 samples.. The results show that family hardiness, the valuing family times and routines, and family celebrations significantly different between family in rural and urban area..The correlation test result shows that family times and routines, the valuing family times and routines, family tradition, and family celebration positively associated with family subjective well-being. The regression test results show that typology of areas, family income, and traditionalistic families have positive affect to subjective well-being, whereas family size have negative affect to subjective well-being.
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Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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