Judul: Potensi Ekstrak Biji Lada (Piper nigrum L.) dan Buah Lerak (Sapindus rarak DC) serta Campurannya untuk Mengendalikan Meloidogyne spp. pada Tanaman Tomat.
Abstrak: Meloidogyne spp. are polyphagous nematodes that can cause 20%-40% yield loss on tomato. One of the safe control methods is by using nematicides from plant extracts. This study was aimed at determining the potential of aqueous Piper nigrum seed and Sapindus rarak fruit extracts as well as their mixture for controlling Meloidogyne spp. on tomato plant. P. nigrum seeds were ground with a blender then the seed powder was mixed with distilled water, while S. rarak fruit cuts were ground directly in distilled water with a blender. In the in vitro tests, each extract and their mixture were tested at concentrations of 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 mg/ml, respectively, while the test concentrations in the in vivo test were 50 and 100 mg/ml. In general, mortality of J2 Meloidogyne spp. in the in vitro test increased at 24 and 48 h after treatment (HAT). LC95 72 HAT of P. nigrum and S. rarak extracts and their mixture were 148.9, 114.1, and 97.6 mg/ml, respectively. P. nigrum and S. rarak extract mixture had an additive joint action at both LC50 and LC95 level. In vivo treatments with P. nigrum and S. rarak extracts as well as their mixture at a concentration of 100 mg/ml suppressed the number of root galls by 58.1%, 56.4%, and 67.8%, respectively, and suppressed the final density of nematodes in the soil by 55.0%, 53.6%, and 60.2%, respectively. The treatment with all extracts also increased tomato plant height, above ground biomass, and root weight. Based on Abbott‟s efficacy criteria, P. nigrum and S. rarak extracts at 100 mg/ml were both rather effective against Meloidogyne spp. while their mixture at 100 mg/ml was sufficiently effective.
Keyword: Botanical nematicides, Meloidogyne spp., Piper nigrum L., Sapindus rarak DC, tomato

Judul: Potensi Cerbera odollam Gaertn untuk pengendalian nematode puru akar Meloidogyne spp.pada tanaman tomat
Abstrak: Aktivitas nematisida filtrat tanaman C. odollam telah diuji secara in vitro dan in vivo terhadap Meloidogyne spp. Pengujian in vitro dilakukan dalam cawan Syracus dengan metode perendaman L2 dalam filtrat batang, bunga dan daun masing-masing pada kisaran konsentrasi 10, 5, 2,5, 1,25 dan 0,625 g/l. Pengujian secara in vivo dilakukan pada tanah disterilkan dalam polibag dengan metode penyiraman filtrat batang, bunga dan daun dalam kisaran konsentrasi yang berpatokan pada LC90 hasil uji in vitro masing-masing bagian tanaman, yaitu untuk batang 52,53, 105,05 dan 157,58 g/l, untuk bunga 59,15, 118,3 dan 177,45 g/l dan untuk daun 45,43, 90,6 dan 135,9 g/l. Penyiraman dilakukan pada tanah medium tumbuh tanaman tomat yang telah diinfestasi L2 Meloidogyne spp. Pengamatan dalam uji in vitro dilakukan terhadap mortalitas L2 pada 12, 24, 36 dan 48 jam perendaman, sedang dalam uji in vitro pengamatan dilakukan terhadap kepadatan akhir L2, jumlah puru dan bobot tanaman. Filtrat batang, bunga dan daun menunjukkan aktivitas nematisida baik secara in vitro maupun secara in vivo, walaupun memerlukan konsentrasi yang cukup tinggi. Secara in vitro filtrat batang, bunga dan daun hanya dalam konsentrasi uji paling tinggi (10 g/l) yang efektif dalam menekan L2, filtrat daun paling efektif kemudian diikuti filtrat batang dan bunga, dengan keefektifan berturut-turut 67, 35 dan 33%. Secara in vivo tingkat efikasi relatif terhadap kontrol menunjukkan bahwa filtrat ketiga bagian tanaman dalam kisaran konsentrasi yang diuji cukup efektif dalam menekan serangan dan perkembangan Meloidogyne spp. pada tanaman tomat dengan tingkat efikasi berkisar antara 43,6 dan 70% berdasarkan jumlah puru pertanaman dan 31,3 – 70,2% berdasarkan kepadatan akhir L2 terekstrak dengan tingkat efikasi paling tinggi adalah batang, kemudian diikuti daun dan bunga.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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