Judul: Pendugaan simpanan karbon di areal hutan bekas tebangan PT Ratah Timber Kalimantan Timur
Abstrak: Forests is one of natural resources that can be updated (renewable natural resources) and essential stock for human life. In using of forest resources if not a sustainable manner can lead to increased greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These emissions cause global warming and climate change. Indonesia plays a role to reduce GHG emissions (CO2) due to its vast forests that can absorb and store carbon in forest biomass is large enough. This study aims to estimate the carbon storage found in logged-over forest areas in PT Ratah Timber East Kalimantan. Field research was conducted on the logged plots and testing sample tree in the Laboratory of Wood Anatomy and Wood Quality Improvement, Product Forest Ministry, Bogor Agricultural University. The experiment was conducted from April to May 2010. Data were collected from thirty-plot by measuring the diameter base on breast height, total height, and identify the types of trees found in research plots. Furthermore, next treatment is felling tree with the size of sample 5-10 cm to estimate the biomass in forest stands. The results showed that the number of tree species found in research plots covering an area of 3 ha covering 68 species of saplings were 63 species, 49 poles and tree species as many as 48 species. Based on the grouping of species, groups of dipterocarpaceae species of 24.34 ton/ha and non dipterocarpaceae at 128.66 ton/ha, thus it needs enrichment to the dipterocarpaceae species in logged-over forest areas for the preservation of further management. Estimation of carbon savings by using the carbon content of 50% and to estimate biomass with allometric equations that have been made from samples harvested sample trees is 0,0977237 D2,58. Estimation of carbon storage in stands including the saplings amounted to 5,05 ton/ha (3,27%), poles 18,82 ton/ha (10,24%), and trees of 133,57 ton/ha (86,49%). Total storage carbon contained in PT Ratah Timber, East Kalimantan, at 157,44 ton/ha or 122,92 x 10-4 Gt, where the trees had the largest percentage of carbon storage is 84,84%, followed by poles 10,05%, 3,21% saplings, litter 1,87%, and 0,04% lower plants.
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Judul: Pemetaan Penyebaran Pohon dan Stok Karbon dengan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis di PT. Ratah Timber Kalimantan Timur.
Abstrak: Tropical natural forests have a significant role in global climate change. Planning and management of forest resources is absolutely necessary to keep both its sustainability. For that, they need sufficient information that can be used by decision makers, including spatial information. Geographic information system (GIS) is a very useful tool in climate change research, namely in terms of organizing the data, in the form of a global data base, and spatial analysis capabilities for modeling. Geographic information system applications for climate change research is growing rapidly, but for developing countries is still very limited. This study aims to calculate the alleged carbon savings as well as making the tree distribution maps and plots in the area of cutting carbon Q37 Annual Work Plan (RKT) 2011 PT. Ratah Timber, East Kalimantan. This information is expected to be used for the preparation of Annual Work Plan for Timber Utilization (RKTUPHHK), providing information and real contributions in particular to the PT. Ratah Timber of the potential functions of forests as carbon storage in reducing concentrations of green house gases that cause global warming and the material input and consideration in the trading of carbon (carbon trade) world. The data of this study was a secondary data Cruising Report (LHC). This data was then analyzed to determine the number of trees (tree density), basal area (Lbds), tree volume, as well as allegations of biomass and carbon deposits. GIS analysis was then performed to obtain a map of the distribution of trees and carbon. In the area of research plots Q37 was found as many as 1710 trees and 38 species with a density of 17 trees / ha. The potential volume of 52.82 m3/ha tree consist of 13.43 m3/ha core tree, protected tree 5.46 m3/ha, and proper tree felling 33.92 m3/ha. Allegations of carbon deposits was approximated by estimating forest biomass, of which 50% of biomass is carbon (Brown 1997). Biomass estimation was done using equation Allometric made by Brown (1997). Total deposits biomass and carbon contained in the stands in the research area of 48.38 tonnes/ha and 24.19 tonnes C/ha. Feasible tree felling with a diameter ≥ 50 cm will later be made illegal, in other words the carbon stocks lost from logging in the research area of 16.08 tonnes/ha, so that the preparation of carbon deposits contained in the research area of 8.11 tonnes/ha.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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