Judul: Sebaran Gabungan Binomial Negatif-Eksponensial
Abstrak: Total kerugian yang harus ditanggung oleh perusahaan asuransi pada periode waktu tertentu disebut risiko total. Penghitungan sebaran risiko total dapat dilakukan dengan sebaran gabungan (compound) dari sebaran banyaknya klaim (claim frequency) dan sebaran besarnya klaim (claim severity). Sebaran banyaknya klaim yang digunakan ialah sebaran binomial negatif dan sebaran binomial. Sebaran besarnya klaim yang digunakan ialah sebaran eksponensial. Penghitungan sebaran gabungan binomial negatif-eksponensial secara analitik menggunakan metode konvolusi melibatkan deret tak hingga yang sukar dihitung. Jika parameter skala dari sebaran binomial negatif adalah bilangan bulat positif, maka sebaran gabungan binomial negatif-eksponensial ekuivalen dengan sebaran gabungan binomial-eksponensial dengan parameter yang disesuaikan. Akibatnya, sebaran gabungan binomial negatif-eksponensial dapat dihitung melalui sebaran gabungan binomial-eksponensial yang hanya melibatkan deret berhingga yang mudah dihitung. Pada tugas akhir ini, diberikan contoh implementasi untuk data yang dibangkitkan melalui software Mathematica 11.3. Kemudian dihitung Value at Risk (VaR) dan Expected Shortfal (ES) menggunakan metode konvolusi dan metode Monte Carlo., The total loss that must be covered by the insurance company is called total risk. The total risk distribution can be calculated using compound distribution of the distribution of the number of claims (claim frequency) with the distribution of the amount of claims (claim severity). The distributions of the number of claims used are negative binomial distribution and binomial distribution. The distribution of the amount of claims used is exponential distribution. The analytical calculation of compound distribution of negative binomial-exponential using the convolution method is involving an infinite series that is difficult to calculate. If the scale parameter of the negative binomial distribution is a positive integer, then the compound distribution of negative binomial-exponential is shown to be equivalent to the compound distribution of binomial-exponential with adjusted parameters. As a result, the compound distribution of negative binomial-exponential can be calculated through the compound distribution of binomial-exponential in which involving only a finite series that is easy to calculate. In this final project, an implementation example for data generated through Mathematica 11.3 software is given. Then, Value at Risk (VaR) and Expected Shortfall (ES) are calculated using the convolution method and the Monte Carlo method.
Keyword: risiko total, sebaran binomial negatif-eksponensial, metode konvolusi, penghitungan tak hingga, sebaran binomial-eksponensial, penghitungan berhingga, total risk, negative binomial-exponential distribution, convolution method, infinite total risk, binomial-exponential distribution, finite total risk

Judul: Pendugaan Ukuran Risiko dari Risiko Total dengan Claim Severity yang Menyebar Exponentiated Inverted Weibull
Abstrak: Risiko total adalah jumlah dari semua risiko yang dialami dalam suatu periode waktu tertentu yang terdiri atas claim severity dan claim frequency. Claim severity merupakan sebaran kontinu taknegatif sedangkan claim frequency biasa dimodelkan dengan sebaran diskret taknegatif. Sebaran risiko total merupakan sebaran compound dari sebaran claim severity dan sebaran claim frequency. Sebaran risiko total yang digunakan pada tugas akhir ini adalah sebaran Poissonexponentiated inverted Weibull dan sebaran binomial negatif-exponentiated inveted Weibull. Pada pemodelan risiko total terdapat dua ukuran penting yaitu Value at Risk (VaR) dan Tail Value at Risk (TVaR) yang dihitung dari sebaran compound. Secara umum, sebaran compound sulit ditentukan secara analitik. Oleh karena itu, digunakan penghitungan secara numerik dengan menggunakan simulasi Monte Carlo. Data yang digunakan dibangkitkan menggunakan software Mathematica 11.0 sehingga diperoleh nilai dugaan Value at Risk (VaR) dan Tail Value at Risk (TVaR).
Keyword: exponentiated inverted Weibull, risiko total, simulasi Monte Carlo, Tail Value at Risk, Value at Risk

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell