Judul: Pengaruh Tingkat Sterilitas, Medium Dan Ketebalan Tempe Terhadap Sifat Fisik Dan Nilai Gizi Tempe Kaleng
Abstrak: Tempeh is a traditional Indonesian food product derived from fermented soybeans using Rhizopus oligosporus. Tempeh has many advantages, such as nutrients and organic compounds in which a fairly complete as well as health benefits and can be obtained with relatively lower prices than other soy products are known to the world community. Tempeh also contains isoflavones as antioxidants. Unfortunately, tempeh has a limiting factor of the quality and short shelf life. Damage that occurs in tempeh mainly is caused by continuous fermentation. Therefore, in this study, thermal process was conducted so that tempeh has longer shelf life. The aim of this research is to obtain the effect of Fo values (4, 8, and 12 minutes), mediums (water, 2% brine, and oil), and tempeh thicknesses (1, 3, and 5 cm) in sterilization of tempeh to its physical properties and nutritional values. The results show that canned tempeh has softer texture, no significant difference in slicing quality and colour, and lower pH value than raw tempeh. However, all variables had no significant effect to physical properties changing. Based on hedonic test, the most favourite sample is tempeh in oil with 3 cm thickness which canned at T=127oC and Fo=4 minutes. This product has 51.98% water content, 1.04% ash content, 34.97% protein, 60.55% fat, and 2.32% of carbohydrate. The total daidzein and total genistein in 100 g product are 2.40 mg and 2.95 mg.
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Judul: Karakteristik Fisikokimia dan Sifat Fungsional Tempe yang Dihasilkan dari Berbagai Varietas Kedelai
Abstrak: Tempe is an Indonesian traditional food made by fermentation of soybean by the fungus Rhizopus sp. The objective of this research was to compare physical and chemical properties of soybean and tempe made from import (Import 1, Import 2) and local (Local 1, Local 2, Local 3) soybeans. For tempe production, soybean were sorted, soaked, dehulled, cooked, and fermented. The result showed that Local 1 variety presented as the biggest size (19.53 g/100 soybean grains) and the highest cost effectiveness (0.73). Despite of those physical properties, yields of all tempe weren’t significantly different (p>0.05). Tempe made from soybean Local 1 had moisture, protein, and fat content as higher as tempe made from import soybeans. Tempe made from soybean Local 3 had the highest protein content (52.70%). The antioxidant capacity of tempe made from import and local soybeans were about 186-191 mg AEAC/g, but weren’t significantly different (p>0.05). Based on sensory evaluation of raw and fried tempe, overall tempe made from local soybeans had the same preference with tempe made from import soybeans. Tempe made from soybean Local 1 had shelf life until 2 days at room temperature and 7 days at low temperature based on sensory quality measurement.
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Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship