Judul: Calculation of Premium for Life Insurance and Life Annuity Policies when Interest Rates are Modeled Using Moving Average
Abstrak: Mengikuti program asuransi jiwa adalah suatu usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk meminimumkan risiko keuangan yang diakibatkan oleh kematian. Ketika seseorang mengikuti program asuransi, orang tersebut memiliki kewajiban untuk membayar sejumlah uang yang disebut premi. Salah satu faktor penting yang menentukan besar premi yang harus dibayar adalah tingkat bunga yang digunakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan besar premi tunggal bersih beberapa polis asuransi jiwa dan anuitas hidup saat tingkat bunga dimodelkan dengan proses moving average dan saat tingkat bunga dimodelkan dengan model independent and identically distributed. Data yang digunakan adalah data tingkat bunga BI 7-day (Reverse) Repo Rate periode April 2016 sampai April 2021 dan Tabel Mortalitas Indonesia IV. Berdasarkan hasil penghitungan, premi tunggal bersih yang dihasilkan saat tingkat bunga dimodelkan dengan proses moving average lebih besar daripada saat dimodelkan dengan model independent and identically distributed., Joining a life insurance program is an effort that can be done to minimize the financial risk due to death. When someone joins an insurance program, that person must pay a certain amount of money so-called premium. One of the important factors that determine the amount of premium to be paid is the interest rate used. This study aims to compare the net single premium of several life insurance and life annuity policies when the interest rate is modeled using a moving average process and when the interest rate is modeled using an independent and identically distributed model. The data used are BI 7-day (Reverse) Repo Rate for the period April 2016 to April 2021 and the Indonesia Mortality Table IV. Based on the calculation, the net single premiums produced when the interest rate is modeled using a moving average process is higher than those when the interest rate is modeled using an independent and identically distributed model.
Keyword: interest rate, life annuity, life insurance, moving average, net single premium

Judul: Penentuan Premi dan Cadangan Manfaat Asuransi Jiwa Joint Life saat Tingkat Bunga Dimodelkan dengan Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR)
Abstrak: Asuransi jiwa joint life adalah salah satu jenis asuransi jiwa untuk beberapa orang. Pada karya ilmiah ini, asuransi jiwa joint life ditujukan kepada tiga orang tertanggung dengan tingkat bunga model Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR). Manfaat dibayarkan setelah tahun kesepuluh jika tidak ada kematian terjadi, kematian pertama, atau kematian kedua pada peserta asuransi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memodelkan tingkat bunga BI 7-day (Reverse) Repo Rate (BI7DRR) periode September 2016 sampai September 2022 menggunakan model CIR serta melakukan simulasi penghitungan premi bersih dan cadangan manfaat asuransi jiwa joint life berdasarkan Tabel Mortalitas Indonesia 2019 dengan tingkat bunga mengikuti model CIR. Model CIR didiskretisasi dengan metode Euler-Maruyama agar memperoleh bentuk eksplisit dari model CIR. Parameter model tersebut diduga dengan metode regresi Ordinary Least Square (OLS). Model CIR dipergunakan untuk membangkitkan data tingkat bunga serta selanjutnya disimulasikan pada premi bersih dan cadangan manfaat. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa semakin tua peserta saat mendaftar asuransi, maka semakin tinggi pembayaran premi bersih, sedangkan cadangan manfaat semakin rendah., Joint life insurance is a type of insurance policy for multiple people. In this research, joint life insurance is intended for three policyholders with a Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate model. Benefits are paid after ten years if no deaths occur, the first death, or the second death among policyholders. The aim of this research is to model the Bank of Indonesia 7-day (Reverse) Repo Rate (BI7DRR) for the period of September 2016 to September 2022 using the CIR model and to simulate the calculation of net premiums and benefit reserves for joint life insurance based on the Indonesian Mortality Table 2019 with an interest rate following the CIR model. The CIR model is discretized using the Euler-Maruyama method to obtain an explicit form of the CIR model. The model's parameters are estimated using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) regression method. The CIR model is used to generate interest rate data, which is then simulated for net premiums and benefit reserves. The results show that the older the policyholder is at the time of enrollment in insurance, the higher the net premium payment, while the benefit reserve is lower.
Keyword: asuransi jiwa joint life (joint life insurance), cadangan manfaat (benefit reserve), model CIR (CIR model), premi bersih (net premium)

Judul: Identifikasi Isolat Bakteri Tahan Krom(VI) dan Pengujian Aktivitas Enzim Krom(VI) Reduktase
Abstrak: Cr(VI) (chromate) is a toxic, soluble environmental contaminant. A Gram-negative, Cr(VI)-resistant bacterium, has been isolated from effluent of electroplating wastewater treatment reactor. This strain had maximum identity value as high as 96% to Ralstonia pickettii and Ralstonia sp. M2S3. This value indicated that the strain was a species of Ralstonia genera. Because of this reason, the strain was designated as Ralstonia sp. Cr6NS. Ralstonia sp. Cr6NS was able to grow aerobically in 250 ppm Cr(VI) and had Cr(VI) reducing-capacity as high as 4,11 x 10-8μg Cr(VI)/hour/cell. From the study of enzymatic activity, Ralstonia sp. Cr6NS showed the activity of Cr(VI)-reductase both in periplasmic and sitoplasmic content. The highest activity was found in periplasmic matrix. However, the strain seemed not secreting this enzyme to the external medium.
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