Judul: Driving Factors and Cluster Analysis of Happiness in Indonesia
Abstrak: Kesejahteraan merupakan salah satu tujuan pembangunan negara. Pengukuran keberhasilan pembangunan negara seringnya menggunakan ukuran moneter, seperti produk domestik bruto (PDB). Akan tetapi, PDB berpotensi mengabaikan aspek yang berkontribusi pada kualitas hidup dan kebahagiaan seseorang. Tesis ini berfokus untuk mengkaji faktor-faktor pendorong kebahagiaan di Indonesia dan mengkategorikan provinsi-provinsi tersebut ke dalam kategori-kategori yang memiliki karakteristik serupa agar kebijakan dapat lebih tepat sasaran dan efisien. Indeks kebahagiaan Indonesia yang dihasilkan dari survei kebahagiaan tahun 2021 dianalisis menggunakan metode statistic regresi linier berganda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa koefisien Gini berpengaruh negatif terhadap kebahagiaan, dan PDB per kapita memiliki pengaruh positif. Tesis ini selanjutnya mengkategorikan 34 provinsi di Indonesia ke dalam 3 kategori tingkat tinggi, rendah, dan sedang dari nilai masing-masing indikator. Dari hasil tersebut, pemerintah dapat memfokuskan kebijakan terkait ketimpangan antar daerah dan PDB per kapita, berdasarkan karakteristik setiap kluster., Welfare is one of the goals of state development. Measuring the success of a country's development often uses monetary measures, such as gross domestic product (GDP). However, GDP tends to ignore aspects that contribute to a person's quality of life and happiness. This thesis focuses on examining the factors driving happiness in Indonesia and categorizing the provinces into categories that have similar characteristics so that policies can be more targeted and efficient. The Indonesian happiness index resulting from the 2021 happiness survey was analyzed using the multiple linear regression statistical method. The results show that the Gini coefficient has a negative effect on happiness, and GDP per capita has a positive effect. This thesis further categorizes 34 provinces in Indonesia into 3 categories of high, low, and medium levels of the value of each indicator. From these results, the government can focus policies related to inequality between regions and GDP per capita, based on the characteristics of each cluster.
Keyword: happiness, cluster analysis, subjective well-being, Gini coefficient

Judul: Determinants of Happiness Index: Interprovincial Panel Data Analysis 2014, 2017, and 2021
Abstrak: Pembangunan ekonomi dirancang untuk memajukan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Kemajuan pembangunan yang diukur berdasarkan indikator ekonomi dianggap belum cukup untuk merepresentasikan tingkat kesejahteraan. Tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat yang sesungguhnya dapat digambarkan oleh indeks kebahagiaan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu untuk menggambarkan perkembangan indeks kebahagiaan Indonesia serta menganalisis faktor-faktor penentu indeks kebahagiaan periode 2014, 2017 dan 2021. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk memberikan gambaran perkembangan indeks kebahagiaan di Indonesia, dan analisis regresi data panel untuk mengetahui determinan indeks kebahagiaan di Indonesia. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa tingkat pengangguran, tingkat kemiskinan, serta pandemi Covid-19 memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap indeks kebahagiaan. Sementara kesehatan dan pendidikan memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap indeks kebahagiaan. Sedangkan untuk PDRB per kapita tidak memiliki pengaruh terhadap indeks kebahagiaan. Hal tersebut menunjukkan adanya fenomena “Easterlin paradox” di Indonesia pada masa pandemi Covid-19., Economic development is designed in advance for people's welfare. Development progress measured by economic indicators is considered insufficient to represent the level of welfare. The happiness index can describe the actual level of community welfare. The purpose of this study is to describe the development of the Indonesian happiness index and to analyze the determinants of the happiness index for the period 2014, 2017, and 2021. Therefore, this study uses a descriptive method to provide an overview of the development of the happiness index in Indonesia and panel data regression analysis to determine the determinants of the happiness index in Indonesia. The results of panel data regression showed that the condition of the house and assets had a significant and positive effect on the happiness index. On the other hand, Covid-19 has a significant and negative effect on the happiness index. Keywords: Covid-19, Happiness Index, Economic development
Keyword: Covid-19, Indeks Kebahagiaan, Pembangunan Ekonomi

Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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