Judul: Study of communication network in the implementation of milking hygiene and sanitation in dairy farmers’ group (case in Subdistrict of Pamulihan, District of Sumedang)
Abstrak: The main goal of dairy farming is to produce a high quality of milk which free from any residue and meet the minimum bacteria standard. One of the efforts to achieve it by doing milking hygiene and sanitation correctly. Dairy farmers need trusted and reliable information about milking hygiene and sanitation to increase the quality of milk. They established a communication network among them to meet their demand of milking hygiene and sanitation information. The research of Communication Network in the Implementation of Milking Hygiene and Sanitation in Dairy Farmers’ Group refered to the convergen communication model which defined communication as process of sharing dan creating information between communicant. The study area of communication network include the individual roles in communication network such as star, bridge, liason, cosmopolite and isolate in their group and communication network variables such as local centrality, global centrality and betweeness. The objectives of this research were: (1) to describe communication network among dairy farmers (2) to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and dairy farming characteristics to the communication network (3) to analyze the relationship between individual characteristics and dairy farming characteristics to the implementation of milking hygiene and sanitation (4) to analyze the relationship between communication network and the implementation of milking hygiene and sanitation. The research was designed as a correlational and descriptive which used dairy farmers as unit of analysis. The research has been carried out from August to November 2012 at Desa Haurngombong and Mekar Bakti, Subway Pamulihan, Sumedang District which determined by purposive. There are 87 dairy farmers taken as sample by using sampling intact system. Data was analyzed by UCINET VI to calculate the communication network variabels index and Rank Spearman Correlation was applied to analyze the relationship among variables. The result of this research showed that : (1) communication network about milking hygiene and sanitation in Harapan Jaya farmer’s group was radial individual network but communication network with the same theme in Mekar Sari farmer’s group was interlocking individual network, (2) there was a significant relationship between farmers’ experience level, group involvement, cooperation involvement, cosmopolitant and dairy ownership to the local and global centrality, (3) There was also a significant correlation between cosmopolitant and dairy ownership with the implementation of milking hygiene and sanitation (4) there was a significant relationship between local centrality, global centrality and the implementation of milking hygiene and sanitation.
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Judul: Tingkat Penggunaan Media Massa dan Peran Komunikasi Anggota Kelompok Peternak dalam Jaringan Komunikasi Penyuluhan
Abstrak: The cattle agribusiness extension activities, similar with other types of extension are supposed to undergo a communication structure change. The communication pattern is no longer in the form of “oil droplets” extension having a top down outline, or relying on the “LAKU (visiting and training)” extension system which has a dyadic pattern integrating the top down and bottom up interest with an interpersonal or group communication approach. However, turning to participation and exchange of knowledge and experiences through “farmer as partner” communication pattern, (therefore) the advance technology and local traditions are forming a synergy. It is suspected that the cattle farmer communication pattern in cattle extension no longer relies on interpersonal. The objectives of this research are (1) to show communication behavior of cattle farmers in getting information, (2) analyze the level of participation of cattle farmers from the standpoint of performing communication roles in a cattle communication network, (3) devulge the closeness between personal characteristics relationship, interpersonal communication behavior and the usage of mass media with cattle farmer communication role in communication network, (4) formulate the communication extension model. Selected samples amount to 125 cattle farmer respondents, consisting of two highly developed cattle farmers group s, and two lesser developed cattle farmers groups. The research was designed as a correlated descriptive survey, and was conducted from December 14, 2004 until February 16, 2005. The results of research show: (1) there is a significant difference in the communication behavior among the advanced cattle farmers group and the less advanced group, indicating (the circumstance) a level of mass media usage by cattle farmers in getting information. From prioritised the interpersonal communication relationship in receiving and diffusing information to the media communication behavior, particularly in behavior impact of television broadcast and newspapers. The communication behavior of two cattle farmers group members have changed from the usage of interpersonal communication to impersonal communication (radio dan television). However, the use of mass media dominantly for news and entertainment, and for technical matters they still rely on communication network; (2) the level of cattle farmers communication role in a cattle communication network comprising of star, mutual pairs and neglectee, did not indicate a communication role as isolate. The advanced cattle farmers group members were more distribution communication role as neglectee, while the less advanced group were more distribution role of mutual pairs. The role of the star, was found more in the less advanced group compared with the advanced group; (3) there is formal education characteristic relationship significantly with tv and radio impact behavior, and the formal education characteristic relationship significantly with newspaper impact behavior...dst
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Judul: Pembuatan Film Tipis Cu2ZnSnS4 sebagai Lapisan Penyerap Cahaya pada Sel Surya Menggunakan Metode Elektrodeposisi
Abstrak: Thin film of Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) is an alternative semiconductor used as light absorber layer on solar cell. CZTS can replace silicon that commonly used as commercial semiconductor. The advantage of using CZTS as absorber layer is due to the abundance of its chemical composer on earth, and its high value of absorption coefficient. The absorber layer was made by using electrodeposition method on ITO glass substrates. The films were deposited at room temperature using potentiostatic mode with a potential of –1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes. After that, the films were annealed at two different temperatures, 180 ºC and 500 °C, for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. Based on X-ray diffraction analysis, the polycrystalline thin film obtained fall into kesterite crystal phase. This type of crystal was obtained when the CZTS was annealed at 500 °C in H2S/N2 atmosphere. The value of optical band gap energy for the CZTS thin film was 2.2 eV with the film thickness about 1.228–6.366 μm. The sample of CZTS with electrodeposition time of 45 minutes and annealing temperature of 500 °C showed the best result and in conformity with absorber layers criteria for solar cells.
Keyword: semiconductor, ITO glass, CZTS thin film, electrodeposition