Judul: Keragaman Ruas Ekson 2 dan 3 Gen Penyandi Enzim α-Keto Dehidrogenase E1-α Rantai Asam Amino Bercabang (bckdha) pada sapi madura
Abstrak: Madura cattle is a cattle from the local Indonesian cattle crossbreeding India (Bos indicus) and banteng (Bos javanicus). Enzyme complex branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase (BCKDH) located in the inner mitochondrial membrane of eukaryotic cells. BCKDH has a role in changing branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), which is isoleucine, leucine and valine to α-keto form. This enzyme complex consists of three enzyme subunits, one which is E1- α subunit called branched chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase E- α (BCKDHA). Maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) is a genetic disorder caused by one occurrence of mutation in the E1- α subunit. This study aimed to determine the diversity of segment 2 – 3 exon encoding BCKDHA gene in madura cattle. The result revealed that segment of exon 2 – 3 BCKDHA gene in madura cattle J population were found to be identical among them. Furthermore the segment of exon 2 – 3 BCKDHA gene madura cattle J was identical with taurine cattle (Bos taurus).
Keyword: madura cattle., ruminants, 2 – 3 exon, BCKDHA

Judul: Keragaman Nukleotida Ruas Ekson 2 dan 3 Gen Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase E1-α Polypeptide (BCKDHA) pada Sapi Madura
Abstrak: Sapi madura merupakan hasil persilangan sapi zebu (Bos indicus) dengan banteng (Bos javanicus). Sapi madura berkembang di pulau Madura serta pulau-pulau sekitarnya. Kompleks enzim Branched Chain Ketoacid Dehydrogenase (BCKDH) berfungsi mengubah asam amino bercabang (leusin, isoleusin dan valin) menjadi α-keto. Subunit E1-α dari kompleks enzim BCKDH disandikan oleh gen BCKDHA. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis keragaman nukleotida ruas ekson 2 dan 3 gen BCKDHA pada sapi madura. Analisis keragaman gen BCKDHA dilakukan terhadap 11 sampel DNA sapi madura dan satu sampel DNA sapi peranakan ongole menggunakan metode perunutan nukleotida dari produk PCR. Hasil pensejajaran sampel terhadap runutan referensi (Bos taurus) ditemukan varian heterozigot yang berada pada posisi nukleotida ke 230 di ruas intron 2; 498, 524 dan 558 di ruas intron 3 serta 6 varian homozigot ,yaitu G230A di ruas intron 2; A352G di ruas ekson 3; A433G, G498A, G524T, serta C558T di ruas intron 3. Mutasi transisi A352G ditemukan pada ruas ekson 3 sapi madura jenis pedaging. Kejadian mutasi tersebut tidak mengubah penyandian asam amino setelah ditranslasikan.
Keyword: BCKDHA, ekson 2, ekson 3, sapi madura

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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