Judul: Diferensiasi Genetik Meliaceae pada Region Second Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) dan Maturase-K (mat-K)
Abstrak: Anggota famili Meliaceae seperti mahoni daun besar (Swietenia macrophylla), mahoni daun kecil (Swietenia mahagoni), mindi (Melia azedarach), mimba (Azadirachta indica), dan khaya (Khaya anthotheca) termasuk ke dalam jenis penting baik secara ekonomi maupun ekologi. Pada umumnya anggota Meliaceae dimanfaatkan untuk penghasil kayu, buah, atau kandungan bahan kimianya, sehingga permintaan terhadap jenis ini sangat tinggi yang menyebabkan penurunan populasi alami. Untuk itu diperlukan upaya pelestarian jenis yang sebaiknya berbasis scientific, yang salah satunya adalah melalui pemanfaatan penanda genetik (DNA). Penanda DNA dapat digunakan untuk melihat adanya variasi antar (diferensiasi) dan di dalam jenis dengan akurat melalui deteksi perubahan urutan basa nukleotida. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui variasi genetik dan jarak kekerabatan dari lima jenis Meliaceae, sehingga pembagian taksonominya menjadi lebih jelas. DNA sekuen untuk kedua wilayah diekstraksi dengan metode CTAB, diikuti dengan proses PCR dan sekuen (http://base-asia.com). Pengamatan ada tidaknya pola pita polimorfik dilakukan dengan enzim restriksi secara in silico. Analisis data dilakukan dengan bantuan perangkat lunak BioEdit, ClustalW2 EMBL-EBI, TreeViewX, PopGene, NTSYs dan pDRAW32. Hasil perhitungan jarak genetik pada sekuens DNA pada wilayah ITS2 menunjukkan bahwa jenis yang memiliki jarak genetik yang paling jauh adalah antara S. mahagoni dengan S. macrophylla dan jenis dengan jarak genetik terdekat adalah antara A. indica dengan M. azedarach. Hasil ini sesuai dengan analisis yang dilakukan pada wilayah gen mat-K.
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Judul: Keragaman Genetik dan Sistem Perkawinan pada Tegakan Benih Mindi (Melia azedarach Linn.) di Wanayasa, Purwakarta
Abstrak: Mindi is a fast growing species belonging to family Meliaceae which is potential to be developed in community forest. Efforts to increase productivity of mindi seed stand require basic knowledge on genetic diversity and mating system. The sexual flower character of mindi is of hermaphrodite type raising a question about the mating system of Mindi. Genetic diversity and mating system characteristics of mindi can be analyzed by microsatellite. This study was aimed to i) cross-amplify microsatellite primers of Mahogany (Swietenia spp) and Neem (Azadirachta indica) in Mindi, ii) estimate genetic variation of mother trees and their offspring and iii) characterize the parameters of mating system of a mindi seed stand. The samples for DNA analysis were 10 mother trees and their respective offspring (n=5). Specific primers Ai-05 and Ai-34 from Neem and SM45 from Mahogany was successfully amplified in Mindi. Data analysis using POPgene version 1.31 showed the average values of genetic diversity of He=0.565 in the seed stand population. Mating system analysis analyzed by multilocus mating system program showed outcrossing values of tm= ts = 1.00 based on the method of expected maximum (EM). These findings indicated that Mindi in the seed stand Wanayasa is predominantly outcrosser. Basic information on the mating system characteristics of Mindi may be used for effective management for increasing the productivity of seed stands.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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