Judul: THE HEALTH STATUS OF SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) REARING WITHIN AND WITHOUT NURSERY METHODS
Abstrak: Udang vaname merupakan salah satu komoditas budidaya ekspor unggulan Indonesia. Rendahnya Survival Rate (SR) adalah salah satu kendala yang masih sering dijumpai sampai sekarang. Metode pendederan mengkondisikan udang supaya lebih sehat karena minim kontak langsung dengan suspensi limbah yang berada di dasar wadah budidaya, akumulasi limbah, dan pengadukan air lebih sedikit. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis dan membandingkan kinerja produksi dan status kesehatan udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) pada pembesaran dengan metode pendederan dan tebar langsung. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 84 hari. Penggunaan pendederan terbukti memiliki hasil produksi dan parameter respon imun yang lebih baik dengan rata-rata SR sebesar 92,70 % dan parameter respon imun yakni Aktivitas Fagositik (AF) dan Total Haemocyte Count (THC) yang lebih tinggi dan berbeda nyata yang secara berturut-turut nominalnya adalah 57,67 ± 2,51 % dan 11,53 x 106 ± 0,80 sel/ml. Nilai Respiratory Burst (RB) dan Phenoloxidase (PO) juga lebih tinggi meskipun tidak berbeda nyata. Selain itu, pada akhir penelitian, perlakuan pendederan mendapatkan hasil parameter kualitas air yang lebih baik, khususnya nitrit serta memiliki warna air yang lebih kehijauan. Penggunaan metode pendederan sebelum dilakukan penebaran dalam petak budidaya pada segmen pembesaran, dapat meningkatkan status kesehatan udang dan menekan kematian., Vaname shrimp is one of Indonesia's leading export cultivation commodities. Low Survival Rate (SR) is one of the obstacles that are still often encountered today. The nursery method conditions the shrimp to be healthier because there is minimal direct contact with the waste suspension at the bottom of the cultivation container, waste accumulation, and less water stirring. The purpose of this study was to observe, analyze, and compare the production performance and health status of vaname shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) on enlargement with nursery and direct stocking methods. The study was conducted for 84 days. The use of nursery proved to have better production results and immune response parameters with an average Survival Rate of 92.70 % and immune response parameters, like Fagositic Activity (FA) and Total Haemocyte Count (THC), which were higher and significantly different, respectively, the nominal was 57,67 ± 2,51 % and 11,53 x 106 ± 0,80 cells/ml. Value of Respiratory Burst (RB) and Phenoloxidase (PO) also higher but not significantly different. In addition, at the end of the research, the nursery method treatment obtained better water quality parameters, especially nitrites and had a greener water color. The use of nursery methode before stocking on enlargement rearing pond can improve health status and reduce mortality.
Keyword: Enlargement, health, imune, nursery, vannamei

Judul: Relationship of Water Quality and Production Performance of Vaname Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) at PT Persada Karya Lestari, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung
Abstrak: Ekspor udang menjadi sumber devisa yang lebih besar dibandingkan dengan ekspor produk perikanan lainnya di Indonesia. Potensi udang yang prospektif diikuti juga dengan permasalahan dalam budidaya yang dapat menyebabkan kegagalan panen akibat penurunan kualitas air. Penurunan kualitas air cepat terjadi pada tambak udang sistem intensif dengan padat tebar yang tinggi. Faktor lain yang berpengaruh pada budidaya udang yaitu adanya agen patogen yang dapat menurunkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup udang vaname. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan kualitas air dan kinerja produksi pada tambak udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). Parameter yang diukur pada penelitian ini adalah average daily growth (ADG), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), kualitas air, dan indikator kesehatan udang. Hasil uji korelasi menunjukkan bahwa kualitas air memiliki hubungan terhadap kinerja produksi udang vaname. Parameter kualitas air yang berhubungan terhadap ADG secara signifikan adalah pH pagi, total ammonia nitrogen (TAN), alkalinitas bikarbonat, dan rasio total vibrio count (TVC) dan total bacterial count (TBC). Tidak ada parameter kualitas air yang berhubungan signifikan terhadap SR. Parameter kualitas air yang berhubungan secara signifikan terhadap FCR adalah pH pagi, pH siang, suhu pagi, alkalinitas karbonat, alkalinitas bikarbonat, dan rasio total vibrio count (TVC) dan total bacterial count (TBC). Kata kunci: kinerja produksi, kualitas air, udang vaname., Shrimp exports become a greater source of foreign exchange compared to the export of other fishery products in Indonesia. The potential of prospective shrimp is also followed by problems in cultivation that can lead to crop failure due to decreased water quality. Rapid decline in water quality occurs in intensive system shrimp ponds with high density. Another factor that affects shrimp cultivation is the presence of pathogenic agents that can decrease the survival rate of shrimp vaname. This study aims to analyze the relationship of water quality and production performance in shrimp ponds vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei). The parameters measured in this study are average daily growth (ADG), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), water quality, and shrimp health indicators. The results of the correlation test showed that water quality has a relationship to the production performance of vaname shrimp. The water quality parameters associated with ADG are significantly the morning pH, total nitrogen ammonia (TAN), bicarbonate alkalinity, and the ratio of total vibrio count (TVC) and total bacterial count (TBC). There are no water quality parameters significantly related to SR. Water quality parameters significantly related to FCR are morning pH, afternoon pH, morning temperature, carbonate alkalinity, bicarbonate alkalinity, and total vibrio count (TVC) and total bacterial count (TBC) ratio. Keywords: production performance, shrimp vaname, water quality.
Keyword: production performance, shrimp vaname, water quality

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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