Judul: Starch digestibility and metabolizable energy of various particle size of corn and its effects on broiler performance
Abstrak: Jagung merupakan bahan baku dan sumber energi utama dalam ransum ayam broiler. Ketersediaan jagung yang terbatas menyebabkan harganya yang semakin mahal sehingga meningkatkan biaya produksi pemeliharaan ayam broiler. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui ukuran partikel yang tepat untuk ayam broiler untuk meningkatkan kecernaan nutrisinya sehingga penggunaan ransum lebih efisien. Penelitian juga dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kecernaan pati dan energi metabolis pada ayam broiler yang diberi perlakuan pakan dengan jagung yang berbeda ukuran partikel. Penelitian dilakukan dua tahap yaitu in vitro dan in vivo. Pada tahap pertama dilakukan uji in vitro dengan menggunakan pakan berbentuk crumble dengan bahan baku jagung ukuran diameter rata-rata geometris 1.904 mm, 0.637 mm dan 0.356 mm. Hasil uji in vitro dianalisa deskriptif dengan 3 perlakuan dan 2 ulangan. Data hasil uji in vitro menunjukkan nilai kecernaan pati pada jagung yang memiliki rata-rata diameter 0.356 mm memiliki nilai kecernaan pati yang paling tinggi, dan nilai kecernaan pati semakin menurun dengan semakin besarnya ukuran partikel jagung yaitu 0.637 mm dan 1.904 mm., Corn is the main energy source and the main raw material in broiler feed. The study was conducted to evaluate the starch digestibility and metabolize energy in broiler chickens with different corn particle size. Research carried out by two stages: in vitro and in vivo. In the first stage performed an in vitro study using local corn particle geometric mean diameter (GMD) 1.904 mm (P1), 0.637 mm (P2) and 0.356 mm (P3). Starch digestibility was also measured in crumble and pellet form. Data from in vitro study showed the value of the corn starch digestibility of P3 was highest digestibility of starch and starch digestibility values decrease with increasing size of the particles of corn. The same result occurred in the measurement of starch digestibility in corn that has been formulated into the form of a crumble and pellet feed.
Keyword: Broiler, Metabolic energy, Particle size, Broiler feed, Roller mill, Pellet Feed

Judul: Performance of Broiler Chicken which Feeded Ration Containing Energy Source for Corn Substitute
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi bahan pakan lokal sorgum, gaplek, dan sagu utuh sebagai pengganti jagung dalam ransum terhadap performa ayam broiler. Peubah yang diamati adalah bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, konsumsi pakan, konversi pakan, dan mortalitas selama pemeliharaan pada umur 7-35 hari. Rancangan percobaan yang dilakukan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan yaitu ransum komersial (P0), ransum berbasis sorgum (P1), ransum berbasis gaplek (P2) dan ransum berbasis sagu parut kering (P3). Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 3 ulangan dengan kepadatan 16-17 ekor m-2 pada tiap ulangan dengan jumlah ayam sebanyak 200 ekor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, dan konversi pakan berbeda sangat nyata (P<0,01) lebih rendah dibandingkan perlakuan kontrol, sedangkan konsumsi pakan tidak berbeda nyata. Performa ayam broiler pada perlakuan P1, P2, dan P3 tidak berbeda nyata. Pemberian ransum berbasis sorgum, gaplek, dan sagu parut kering sebagai substitusi jagung ransum pada ayam broiler menghasilkan performa yang lebih rendah dibandingkan pakan komersial., This study aimed to evaluate local feed ingredients such as sorghum, cassava, and whole sago as an energy source to replace on the performance of broiler chickens. The variables observed included body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and mortality from 7 to 35 days of age. The experimental design carried out was a completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments, namely commercial ration (P0), complete ration based on sorghum (P1), complete ration based on cassava (P2), complete ration based on dry grated sago (P3). Each treatment consisted of 3 replications with a density of 16-17 m-2 in each repetition with total of 200 chickens. The results showed that the average final body weight, body weight gain, and feed conversion ratio were very significantly different (P<0.01) lower than the control treatment, while feed consumption was not significantly different. The performance of broiler chickens in treatment P1, P2, and P3 was not significantly different. The diet contain sorghum, cassava, and dry grated sago as a substitute corn in broiler chicken rations resulted in lower body weight gain compared with the commercial feed.
Keyword: broiler chickens, cassava, performance, sorghum, whole sago

Judul: Ecosystem and community based model for zonation in Nino Konis Santana National Park, Timor-Leste
Abstrak: Nino Konis Santana National Park is the first national park that was declared by Timor-Leste Government on August 2008. Aims is to i) Protect and conserve nationally and globally important natural and cultural values, ii) Contribute to the achievement of sustainable livelihoods for local communities, iii) Establish the first protected area in Timor-Leste’s world-class protected area system, iv) Increase awareness of conservation and the sustainable management of biodiversity and natural resources, v) Ensure the active participation of and foster ownership by the communities in the protected area, and vi) Manage the NKSNP as an internationally recognized protected area where the traditional interactions of people and nature are maintained in a way that protects the environment.
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