Judul: Aplikasi Bacillus BR2, Ekstrak Bawang Putih dan Kombinasinya dengan Penambahan Putih Telur untuk Pencegahan Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila YH1 pada Ikan Lele Dumbo
Abstrak: Motile Aeromonad Septicemia (MAS) merupakan penyakit yang sering menyerang ikan lele yang disebabkan oleh infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas aplikasi probiotik Bacillus BR2, ekstrak bawang putih maupun kombinasinya dengan penambahan putih telur melalui pakan untuk mencegah infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila YH1 pada ikan lele dumbo. Ikan uji yang digunakan berukuran 8,80±0,54 cm dan bobot rata-rata 6,85±1,27 g. Ikan dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan kepadatan delapan ekor per akuarium bervolume 41 L. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan dua ulangan yaitu K- dan K+ (tanpa probiotik Bacillus BR2, ekstrak bawang putih dan putih telur), A (probiotik Bacillus BR2 dan putih telur), B (Ekstrak bawang putih dan putih telur), dan C (kombinasi probiotik Bacillus BR2, ekstrak bawang putih dan putih telur). Ikan diuji tantang dengan Aeromonas hydrophila YH1 dengan kepadatan sel 107 CFU mL-1 sebanyak 0,1 mL/ekor. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu aplikasi ekstrak bawang putih dengan penambahan putih telur dengan kelangsungan hidup sebesar 87,50±0,00% dari kontrol positif (31,50±8,84%) dan memiliki respons imunitas khususnya indeks fagositik yang lebih tinggi (1,63±0,03%) daripada kontrol positif (1,19±0,04%).
Keyword: Lele dumbo, Aeromonas hydrophila YH1, ekstrak bawang putih, probiotik Bacillus BR2, putih telur, Motil Aeromonad Septisemia (MAS)

Judul: Aplikasi Bacillus BR2, Ekstrak Batang Pisang dan Kombinasinya untuk Pencegahan Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila YH1 pada Ikan Lele Sangkuriang.
Abstrak: Aeromonas hydrophila merupakan bakteri patogen nonspesifik yang dapat menginfeksi berbagai jenis ikan air tawar dan menyebabkan penyakit motile aeromonad septicemia (MAS). Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi efektivitas aplikasi probiotik Bacillus BR2, ekstrak batang pisang dan kombinasinya melalui pakan untuk pencegahan infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila YH1 pada ikan lele sangkuriang berukuran panjang 6.72±0.10 cm dengan bobot rata-rata 2.29±0.11 g. Ikan dipelihara selama 30 hari dengan kepadatan 15 ekor per akuarium bervolume 75 L. Penelitian ini terdiri dari lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yaitu A (probiotik Bacillus BR2 1%), B (ekstrak batang pisang 0.6%), dan C (kombinasi probiotik Bacillus BR2 1%, ekstrak batang pisang 0.6%), K+, dan K- (tanpa probiotik Bacillus BR2 dan batang pisang). Setelah dipelihara 30 hari ikan diuji tantang dengan Aeromonas hydrophila YH1 secara intramascular dengan kepadatan sel 107 CFU mL-1 sebanyak 0.1 mL ekor-1. Perlakuan terbaik yaitu dengan pelakuan probiotik (probiotik Bacillus BR2 1%) dan perlakuan kombinasi probiotik dan fitofarmaka (sel probiotik Bacillus BR2 1% + ekstrak batang pisang 0.6%) dengan kelangsungan hidup sebesar (93.33±0.00%) dan (82.22±16.77%) dibandingkan dengan kontrol positif (53.33±6.67%).
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila YH1, ekstrak batang pisang, ikan lele, motil aeromonad septisemia (MAS), probiotik Bacillus BR2

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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