Judul: Profil jus silase jagung dan kemampuannya dalam menghambat Escherichia coli dan Salmonella sp. yang diisolasi dari feses pedet diare
Abstrak: Pre-ruminant phase of calf is a crucial stage on raising dairy calves. High morbidity and mortality rates commonly found on pre-ruminant calves are triggered by diarrhea occurrence. Coliform bacteria mainly Escherichia coli and Salmonella are gram negative bacteria and are normal inhabitant of the intestinal tract of many animal species which are usually at low number. However, under diarrheic calves the fecal numbers of coliform exceed lactic acid bacteria (LAB). This research was conducted to study the juice profile of whole corn ensiled for seventy days and its antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. isolated from diarrheic calves. This research encompasses three stages. The first stage of this study was to produce the whole-plant corn silage juice. Whole-plant corn with half milk line of kernel maturity was harvested and chopped with 1-2 cm length of cut. The chopped corn was then mixed thoroughly and filled into 0.35 mm double-lined plastic bags and was vacuum-packed and stored at 25-28 oC storage temperature. After seventy day preservation the plastic bag was pressed using hydraulic pressure to obtain the juice. The whole-plant corn silage juice was then evaluated for acid fermentation products, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) numbers and pH level. The second stage of this study was isolation of Eschericihia coli and Salmonella sp. from fecal samples of five diarrheic calves with fecal score 3-4. Eschericihia coli isolation was performed by inoculating the fecal samples on Levine’s-Eosin Methylene Blue (L-EMB) Agar. The isolated colonies were assayed for Indol, Methyl-Red, Voges Proskaeur, Citrate (IMViC), gram staining and blood haemolysis test. In addition Salmonella sp. isolation was performed by inoculating the fecal samples on Salmonella Shigella Agar. The isolated colonies were inoculated on Tripple Sugar Iron (TSI) Agar and assayed for IMViC, gram staining and blood haemolysis test. The third stage of this study was antibacterial activity determination of the whole-plant corn silage juice against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. using agar well diffusion assay. In addition the commercial antibiotic VITA Tetra-Chlor® solution at 50 μg/ml final concentration was used as control treatment. Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. isolates used as test organisms were inoculated on Mueller Hinton Agar at 1-2 x 108 CFU/ml suspension. Diameter of inhibition zone was measured after overnight pre-incubation at 4 oC and followed with overnight incubation at 37 oC. The whole-plant corn silage juice was dominated by lactic and acetic acids which the concentration of lactic and acetic was 7.71 ± 0.73 mg/ml and 1.48 ± 0.45 mg/ml, respectively. Moreover LAB numbers of the whole-plant corn silage juice were 10.32 ± 9.84 log10 CFU/ml and the pH level was 3.87 ± 0.26. Escherichia coli numbers of fecal samples of five diarrheic calves were more than 3x106 CFU/gram. Based on isolation procedures it was obtained thirteen isolates of Escherichia coli and nine isolates of Salmonella sp.. The whole-plant corn silage juice showed antibacterial activity against all of the test organisms. The diameter mean of inhibition zone of the whole-plant corn silage juice was 3.0±1.1 mm against Escherichia coli and 4.7±1.7 mm against Salmonella sp.. The antibacterial activity of the whole-plant
Keyword: 

Judul: Inhibitory activity of bacteria isolated from digestive track of chicken broiler against Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. at several growth media, aeration, pH, and temperature
Abstrak: This research aim to study the Inhibition activity of bacteria isolated from digestive track chicken broiler against Echerichia coli and Salmonella sp. at several growth media, aeration, pH and temperature. Isolation of digestive track broiler bacteria was conducted by using Nutrient Agar (NA) media at pH 7.0 and pH 4.5. The isolates were assayed against Echerichia coli and Salmonella sp. The isolates which showed inhibition capability were selected, microscopically identified, Gram stained and used for further assay The inhibitory activity of selected isolates was examined using De Man Ragosa (MRS ) and Tripton Glucosa Yeast Extract (TGY) media, with and without agitation. The selected media wasthen modified with molasses and soybean meal assource of carbon and nitrogen, respectively. The stability of inhibitory activity was examined at five levels of temperature (25 degrees celcius, 30 degrees celcius, 37 degrees celcius, 40 degrees celcius, 50 degrees celcius), and seven pH levels (3.0,4.0, 5.0, 6.0, 7.0, 8.0, and 9.0). The selected isolates were also enzimatically assayed for amylase, protease, lipase, and cellulose activity. The results showed that 7n isolate produced the highest inhibition activity against E. coli and Salmonella enteric. For E coli strong inhibition showed by 7n isolate at MRS modified media, pH 6.0-8.0, and temperature at 370 C, and similar condition applied also for EPEC K1-1, except the highest inhibition occured at 500 C. For Salmonella enteric growth inhibition by 7n isolate was obtained using MRS modified media, pH 5, and temperature at 300 C. For other Salmonella subsp.2 small inhibition by 34n occurred at both MRS and TGY modified at pH 4.0-5.0 and temperature at 37 degrees celcius. Both 7n and 34 isolates showed amylase, protease, lipase and cellulose activity. The results indicate that both isolates have their potency to be developed as probiotics, served as feed additive. The isolates are expected can function as growth promoter through their antibacterial and degrading enzymes activities. Keywords: chicken broiler bacteria, antibacterial activity, E. coli, Salmonella sp., MRS modified media, pH, temperature, degrading enzyme
Keyword: 

Judul: Eksistensi Nikah Siri di Masyarakat dan Posisi Perempuan
Abstrak: Nikah siri bukanlah merupakan fenomena baru di Indonesia, namun sudah ada sejak puluhan tahun silam, sebelum ada pencatatan pernikahan maka nikah siri adalah pernikahan yang sah menurut agama dan masyarakat, karena moda sosial ekonomi dan strategi nafkah berubah maka hak civil juga berubah dengan berbagai dampak negatif yang ditimbulkan oleh nikah siri terutama bagi perempuan dan anak. Secara umum penelitian ini untuk mengungkap : (1) Tipologi nikah siri yang ada di Desa Warurejo dan aktor-aktor yang terlibat, fungsi manifes dan laten nikah siri pada masyarakat dan aktor-aktor yang menikmati fungsi manifes dan laten nikah siri. (2) Sistem nilai dan norma yang berlaku pada masyarakat, mengungkap pengaruh struktur terhadap posisi perempuan yang menikah siri, mendiskripsikan pemahaman agama Islam oleh masyarakat dan individu terhadap nikah siri. Pandangan individu, tokoh agama Islam, budaya, sosial dan masyarakat secara umum terhadap nikah siri. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa (1) terdapat empat tipologi nikah siri pada masyarakat Warurejo, yaitu: perjodohan antar kerabat, perjodohan oleh orangtua dan broker, menikah siri dengan batuan broker dan menikah siri atas kemauan sendiri. Nikah siri tidak hanya berdampak negatif tetapi memiliki fungsi positif yaitu mampu meningkatkan kehidupan ekonomi individu, jaringan nikah siri, Kyai dan infra struktur masyarakat. Pernikahan siri merupakan mekanisme untuk meringankan beban ekonomi orangtua. Mengawinkan anak dibawah umur walaupun dengan cara siri berarti pula meringankan beban ekonomi keluarga. Anak perempuan yang sudah menikah bukan lagi tanggungjawab orangtua, namun tanggungjawab seorang suami. Struktur berpengaruh terhadap posisi perempuan nikah siri, perempuan yang menikah walaupun siri, lebih dihormati dan dihargai dalam masyarakat daripada perempuan janda atau perawan yang belum menikah walaupun cukup umur. Selain itu, Kyai memiliki kekuasaan untuk menginterpretasikan hukum Islam untuk merasionalisasikan dan melegitimasi nikah siri, daripada melakukan perbuatan yang dilarang agama yaitu berzina dan berdosa. Interpretasi hukum agama disosialisasikan oleh Kyai bahwa sahnya suatu pernikahan dalam hukum Islam ditandai oleh adanya ijab qobul, sedangkan perayaannya merupakan sunnah yang boleh saja tidak dilaksanakan. Karena hukum agama Islam, memperbolehkan seorang laki-laki memiliki isteri lebih dari satu, sehingga terbentuk pola berupa aturan-aturan dan norma-norma untuk melegalkan nikah siri.
Keyword: Nikah siri actors, nikah siri network, economy, religious norms