Judul: Analisis Morfometrik Kepala Pada Beberapa Subspesies Burung Dara Laut (Laridae)
Abstrak: This experiment was conducted to determine the size and body shape score of terns using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The measurement taken were bill length, bill width, bill depth, head width and head length. A total of 168 specimen of terns consisted of 79 specimen males and 89 specimen females were measured. There were differences in linear bill and head measurements among subspecies of terns (P<0.01). The discriminator of head size for all subspecies terns being examined was bill length. The Eigen vectors of the discriminator of head size in subspecies Anous minutus worcesteri was 0,975; Anous stolidus pileatus was 0,917; Chlidonias hybrida javanica was 0,746; Sterna albifrons sinensis was 0,931; Sterna anaethetus anaethetus was 0,983; Sterna bergii cristatus was 0,879; Sterna fuscata nubilosa was 0,875; and Sterna sumatrana sumatrana was 0,985. The discriminator of head shape of subspecies A. s. pileatus, C. h. javanica and S. a. anaethetus were head width, while the subspecies A. m.s worcesteri, S. a. sinensis, S. b. cristatus, S. f. nubilosa and S. s. sumatrana were head length. The Eigen vectors of the discriminator of head shape in subspecies A. s. pileatus, C. h. javanica and S. a. anaethetus were 0,882; 0,714 and 0,975 respectively. The Eigen vectors of the discriminator of head shape in subspecies A. m. worcesteri, S. a. sinensis, S. b. cristatus, S. f. nubilosa and S. s. sumatrana were 0,956; 0,742; 0,757; 0,922 and 0,728 respectively. Descriminator of size is influenced by the environment. Bill length as descriminator of shape indicates that the bill length is affected by habitat. Head width and head length are influenced by genetics. The Minimum D Mahalonobis distance showed the classification of terns into two group at the branching point of 3.6004, group A and B. Group A consisted of A. s. pileatus, C. h. javanica, S. a. anaethetus, S. f. nubilosa and S. b. cristatus. Group B consisted of S. a. sinensis, A. m. worcesteri and S. s. sumatrana.
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Judul: Studies on Body Morphometrics of Terns (Laridae) Through Principal Component Analysis and Minimum Distance D2-Mahalanobis
Abstrak: The diversity of animal body size is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. This study used 168 specimens of Terns. Terns is a small tribe of sea birds that spread widely all over the world. Terns specimens used were A. m. worcesteri, A. s. pileatus, C. h. javanica, S. a. sinensis, S. a. anaethetus, S. b. cristatus, S. f. nubilosa and S. s. sumatrana. The purpose of this research was to study the relationship of morphometric dissimilarity of the body size. Also it studied the body size and shape of Terns observed. T2-Hotelling showed that the body size of the terns observed was significant (P<0,01). The result of Principal component analysis showed that body size and shape of the terns observed were significant from each other, although they were in one genus. The wing length is a size discriminator of all Terns observed; while shape discriminator diverses of each species observed. Data cluster of S. b. cristatus grouped on right in cluster chart, however S. a. sinensis grouped on the left in the cluster chart. Data cluster of six other species are grouped in the middle of the cluster chart. The results showed that Terns can be classified into two major groups namely A and B by D2-Mahalanobis. Group A included S. a. anaethetus, S. f. nubilosa, S. b. cristatus, C. h. javanica, S. s. sumatrana, A. m. worcesteri and A. s. pileatus. Group B consisted of only one species of S. a. sinensis.
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Judul: Production and Purification of Glucose Oxidase Enzyme (EC 1.1.3.4) from Aspergillus Niger Isolate (IPBCC.08.610).
Abstrak: Glukosa oksidase (GOD) merupakan enzim yang mengkatalisis oksidasi ß-D-glukosa menjadi glukonolakton dan hidrogen peroksida, dengan molekul oksigen sebagai akseptor elektronnya. Glukosa oksidase diproduksi oleh banyak mikroorganisme seperti Penicillium notatum, Penicillium chrysosporium, Aspergillus niger, dan Botrytis cinerea. A. niger diketahui dapat menghasilkan enzim glukosa oksidase yang lebih stabil dibandingkan Penicillium sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan waktu inkubasi optimum untuk produksi glukosa oksidase dari isolat A. niger (IPBCC.08.610), serta menentukan aktivitas spesifik dari ekstrak kasar dan fraksi amonium sulfat enzim tersebut. Melalui data tersebut dapat diketahui fraksi terbaik enzim glukosa oksidase yang dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi enzymatic fuel cell. Produksi glukosa oksidase di dalam media dilakukan dengan kecepatan aerasi 200 rpm, suhu 30 oC dengan lima variasi waktu, yaitu 48 jam, 72 jam, 96 jam, 120 jam, dan 144 jam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa glukosa oksidase pada isolat A.niger (IPBCC.08.610) lebih banyak diproduksi dalam bentuk enzim intraseluler daripada enzim ekstraseluler. Waktu inkubasi optimum untuk produksi glukosa oksidase ialah 72 jam dengan aktivitas spesifik enzim mencapai 1568.20 unit/mg. Nilai aktivitas spesifik enzim semakin meningkat setelah dilakukan pemurnian dengan amonium sulfat 80%, yaitu menjadi sebesar 12409.64 unit/mg. Proses pemurnian tersebut berhasil meningkatkan kemurnian enzim sampai 8 kali, dengan rendemen sebesar 23.21%.
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