Judul: Induksi embrio somatik durian (durio zibethinus) pada beberapa media yang dilengkapi dengan auksin dan sitokinin
Abstrak: Durian merupakan buah unggulan Indonesia yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, namun budidaya skala besarnya belum optimal. Durian secara konvensional diperbanyak dengan sambungan (grafting). Kelemahannya ketersediaan biji untuk semaian batang bawah tergantung pada musim dan bahan sambungan untuk batang atas sangat tergantung pada fase perkembangan tanaman induk. Perbanyakan secara in vitro melalui embriogenesis somatik dapat dijadikan alternatif penyediaan bibit durian sepanjang musim. Penelitian terdiri dari tiga percobaan yang saling terkait dalam hal tujuan dan penggunaan eksplan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah embrio zigotik dewasa dari buah durian. Percobaan I bertujuan mengetahui jenis media dan konsentrasi picloram yang terbaik dalam menginduksi kalus pada durian varietas Monthong dan Chanee. Percobaan II bertujuan mengetahui kombinasi media dan konsentrasi ZPT (BAP dan picloram) yang terbaik untuk proliferasi kalus dan induksi kalus embriogenik. Percobaan III bertujuan mendapatkan komposisi media yang optimal untuk pendewasaan embrio somatik. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura Institut Petanian Bogor pada bulan April 2010 sampai April 2011.
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Judul: Induksi Kalus Embriogenik dan Embrio Somatik Durian (Durio zibethinus Murr.) pada Berbagai Komposisi Media
Abstrak: Durian is a valuable tropical fruit. Durian agribusiness in Indonesia is still lags behind neighboring countries such as Thailand and Malaysia, whereas genetic, land and climatic resources for durian in Indonesia are better than those of other countries. Durian tissue culture can be applied for durian genetic improvement and mass propagation of elite varieties which finally can promote durian agribusiness in Indonesia. However, researches on durian tissue culture are still very limited. The objective of this study is to obtain the suitable type of explants, media, and plant growth regulator in embrogenic callus and somatic embryo induction of durian. The study was conducted in 2 successive trials. The first experiment was callus induction and the second trial was somatic embryogenesis induction of callus obtained from the first experiment. There were 4 type of explants used on callus induction experiment, namely flower receptacle, petal, endosperm and immature zygotic embryo of durian. Callus induction from flower receptacle and petal explants were arranged as a factorial two factors experiment. The first factor was durian genotype, namely Dramaga, Matahari and Simas, and the seond factor was 14 media composition which were composed of two types of basal media (MS and B5) and 7 level of plant growth regulator (PGR ), i.e., without PGR, 2, 4, 6 ppm of NAA and 2, 4, 6 ppm of picloram. Callus induction with endosperm and immature zygotic embryo explants using 1 genotype, viz. Otong. Experiments on endosperm explant was arranged as a factorial two factors experiment, that is benziladenin (BA) treatment (0 and 1 ppm) and thidiazuron (TDZ) treatment (0.0, 0:01, 0:05, 0.5 ppm) in the MS basal medium + B5 media vitamin with 100 ppm glutamine, 100 ppm asparagine, 500 ppm casein hydrolysate, and 0.5 ppm picloram. The treatments on callus induction from immature zygotic embryo explant were 5, 10, 15, and 20 ppm of picloram on MS basal medium. The second experiment was the induction of somatic embryogenesis of petal explants derived calluses by treatment with 0.0, 0.3, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 ppm BA on MS basal medium with B5 vitamin, 100 ppm glutamine, 100 ppm asparagine, 500 ppm casein hydrolysate, and 0.5 ppm picloram. The best medium composition on callus induction from flower receptacle explant was B5 basal medium with addition 2 ppm of NAA. The best one for petal explant was B5 basal medium with addition 2 ppm of picloram. Based on the result of percentage of explant producing calluses and callus emergence rate on petal and flower receptacle explants, it was indicated that Matahari variety was more responsive than Dramaga accession and Simas variety. The type of calluses derived from flower receptacle explant at the beginning of its emergence was watery friable callus (type 3 callus) which the cells were easily separated from one another. In one to two weeks after the callus emergence, this type of callus turned into a whitish to yellowish compact callus (type 1 callus) or pure white compact callus (type 2 callus). All three type of calluses, from morphological and histological observations, were supposed to be non-embryogenic ones. The type
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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