Judul: Optimasi Model Swat Dalam Pendugaan Debit Sungai (Studi Kasus: Sub-Das Cirasea Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Ketersediaan dan kualitas data merupakan tantangan dalam pemodelan SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools). Oleh sebab itu, perancangan skema diskriminasi data pada pengaturan model (sebelum kalibrasi) diperlukan. Skema diskriminasi data merupakan pembagian skenario ke dalam kombinasi input dan konseptual model untuk memperoleh skenario yang memberikan pengaturan model yang optimal. Selanjutnya, optimasi model SWAT dipertimbangkan berdasarkan performa model sebelum dan setelah kalibrasi. Model SWAT digunakan untuk menduga debit sungai di outlet DTA (Daerah Tangkapan Air) Majalaya dan Cengkrong di Sub-DAS Cirasea. Pengaturan model yang optimal diperoleh dengan memilih kombinasi stasiun curah hujan terefektif sebagai input model yaitu Chichona, Cipaku dan Ciparay selain dari stasiun Cibeurem, Cisonda, dan Paseh. Setelah itu, konseptual model dipilih dengan menerapkan threshold delineasi sub-DAS lebih detail (757 Ha) yang memberikan hasil pengaturan model lebih optimal dari pada threshold delineasi sub-DAS yang kurang detail (3000 Ha). Optimasi kalibrasi model menggunakan SWAT-CUP prosedur SUFI-2 (Sequential Uncertainty Fitting Version 2). Hasil kalibrasi optimal dalam penelitian ini diperoleh dengan menerapkan regionalisasi parameter pada masing-masing DTA dengan jumlah parameter yang dioptimasi lebih banyak. Hasil model yang paling optimal sebelum dan sesudah dilakukannya kalibrasi dan validasi yaitu pada skenario yang menggunakan input model stasiun terefektif (Chichona, Cipaku, dan Ciparay) dan konseptual model yang detail (757 Ha).
Keyword: skema diskriminasi data, input model, konseptual model, kalibrasi, validasi model

Judul: Aplikasi Program Soil and Water  Assessment Tools (SWAT) yang Dimodifikasi untuk Menduga Debit Sub-DAS  Cimanuk Hulu
Abstrak: Daerah aliran sungai sebagai wilayah tangkapan air dapat berpengaruh besar untuk ketersediaan air di suatu daerah. DAS Cimanuk perlu dikelola dengan baik terutama pada pengaturan penggunaan lahannya. Analisis debit sungai dilakukan menggunakan modul SWAT yang telah dimodifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis debit Sub-DAS menggunakan program SWAT modifikasi. Penelitian di Sub-DAS Cimanuk Hulu akan dilakukan menggunakan model SWAT dalam 3 bentuk metode yaitu original, pothole, dan modifikasi. Setiap bentuk metode akan dilakukan kalibrasi dan validasi menggunakan SWAT-CUP supaya output model yang digunakan hasilnya mendekati dengan output dari Sub-DAS Cimanuk Hulu dengan menggunakan parameter sensitif yang dapat mempengaruhi hasil secara signifikan. Output yang dibandingkan yaitu nilai NSE dan R2. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa metode modifikasi SWAT mampu mendapatkan nilai NSE yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode original dan pothole karena telah menyesuaikan keadaan di lapangan. Nilai NSE pada SWAT Modifikasi mencapai 0.532, nilai tersebut lebih baik dari nilai NSE pada SWAT pothole dan original yang masing-masing mencapai 0.444 dan 0.514. Sedangkan, nilai R2 pada SWAT Modifikasi mencapai 0.576 yang nilainya lebih baik dari R2 pada SWAT original dan pothole yang masing-masing 0.521 dan 0.575., Watersheds as water catchment areas can have a major influence on the availability of water in an area. The Cimanuk watershed needs to be managed properly, especially in terms of land use regulation. River discharge analysis was carried out using a modified SWAT module. This study aims to analyze the sub-watershed discharge using a modified SWAT program. Research in the Cimanuk Hulu Sub-watershed will be carried out using the SWAT model in original, pothole, and modification methods. Each form of method will be calibrated and validated using SWAT-CUP so that the output of the model used is close to the output of the Cimanuk Hulu Sub-DAS by using sensitive parameters that can significantly affect the results. The outputs being compared are the NSE and R2 values. This study shows that the modified SWAT method is able to obtain better NSE values than the original and pothole methods because it has adjusted to the conditions in the field. The NSE score on Modified SWAT reached 0.532, this value was better than NSE score on pothole and original SWAT which reached 0.444 and 0.514 respectively. Meanwhile, the R2 value in Modified SWAT reaches 0.576 which is better than the R2 value in the original and pothole SWAT, which are 0.521 and 0.575 respectively.
Keyword: NSE, R2, Sub-Watershed Cimanuk, SWAT, validation

Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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