Judul: Logging waste and logging effectiveness level at low land dry forest
Abstrak: Limbah Pemanenan merupakan bagian pohon yang dapat dimanfaatkan namun karena berbagai alasan bagian pohon tersebut ditinggalkan di dalam hutan. Limbah pemanenan berhubungan erat dengan tingkat efektivitas. Semakin tinggi angka tingkat efektivitas maka semakin baik kegiatan pemanenan hutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur volume limbah, persentase dan sebaran limbah di petak tebang dan TPn, menentukan nilai tingkat efektivitas di Petak BJ 21 IUPHHK-HA PT Dasa Intiga serta menganalisis hubungan antara intensitas tebang pohon, diameter pohon, jenis pohon terhadap volume limbah, hubungan antara pohon layak tebang terhadap pohon yang ditebang. Limbah pemanenan hutan alam yang terdapat pada penelitian kali ini sebesar 18.96 m³/ha yang terdiri dari limbah penebangan sebesar 18.55 m³/ha. Limbah pemuatan sebesar 0.41 m³/ha. Persen limbah pada kegiatan pemanenan hutan pada penelitian ini sebesar 37.63% terdiri atas limbah pada petak tebang sebesar 36.82%, limbah di TPn sebesar 0.81%. Tingkat efektivitas yang terjadi pada penelitian ini adalah sebesar 0.60., Logging waste is a section of the tree that can be used, but for various reasons this section of the tree is left in the forest. Logging waste is closely related to the effectiveness level. The higher the level of effectiveness indicates better forest harvesting activities. The aim of this research is to measure the volume of waste, percentage, and distribution of logging waste at the logging and loading area, determine the effectiveness level at Area BJ 21 IUPHHK-HA PT Dasa Intiga and also to analyze the correlation between the intensity of logging, tree diameter, tree species towards logging waste, correlation between suitable timber and felled trees. Logging waste from natural forest in this research was 18.96 m³/ha, which consist logging waste of 18.55 m³/ha and loading waste as much as 0.41 m³/ha. The percentage of waste from forest harvesting activities in this research is 37.63 %, which consist of felling waste of 36.82% and waste from loading of 0.81%. The effectiveness level that occurs in this research is 0.60.
Keyword: Limbah, Penebangan pohon, Tingkat efektivitas

Judul: Limbah pemanenan kayu, faktor eksploitasi dan karbon tersimpan pada limbah pemanenan kayu di IUPHHK-HA PT. Indexim Utama, Kalimantan Tengah
Abstrak: Forest was one of renewable natural resource. One of mostly used resource was wood. Thus to change it into economically valued, its need to exclude it from forest that named by wood harvesting. Wood harvesting activity could cause any problem such as wood harvesting waste. Total of waste could be used as an estimation base of exploitation factors value. Necromass was essential component of carbon storage and have to be measured to obtain accurate carbon storage. Total of necromass will affect the carbon storage potential of forest. This research was supposed to calculate waste volume that occurred on felling area, TPn (temporary wood collecting site) and TPK (final wood collecting site), to analyze factors that affect waste volume, to estimate value of exploitation factor, and to estimate total of storaged carbon on wood harvesting waste. Waste on this research was in form of stump, non-branched stem, upper stem and branch with minimum diameter 30 cm. Data were collected from 10 sample plots with 100 m x 100 m dimension. Effect of slope, tree felling intensity, basal area and feller skill to waste volume were analyzed by using multilinear regression model. Exploitation factor was calculated by using waste percentage approach and also felling index, skidding index, and hauling index approaches. Logging waste sample was collected in 3 repetitions by using 5 cm stem cross section of each trees part. Necromass in this research was calculated by using volume approach. Necromass and necromass carbon were obtained from laboratory analysis result. Average waste volume was 46,57 m3/ha. Wood harvesting waste mostly occurred in felling area. Waste on felling area was amounted 29,20 m3/ha, while at TPn amounted 1,17 m3/ha and at TPK amounted 0 m3/ha. Waste at felling area mostly caused by chainsaw operator’s mistake in logging, stem cutting and bucking. Waste at TPn was in form of log deformed by hole, crack and crooked, while at TPK wasn’t found any waste from researched stems. Waste percentage of non-branched stem based on logged trees was 25,16 %. Most significant factors that affect waste volume variance were trees basal area of logged tree and tree felling intensity. Total of exploitation factor based on waste percentage approach was 0,7484, while based on felling index, skidding index, and hauling index was 0,7484. Storaged carbon of wood harvesting waste was 13,91 ton C/ha, that including stem carbon amounted 10,76 ton C/ha, stomp carbon amounted 2,26 ton C/ha, and branch carbon amounted 0,89 ton C/ha.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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