Judul: Pemberian prebiotik, probiotik, dan sinbiotik untuk pengendalian ko-infeksi bakteri Vibrio harveyi dan IMNV (Infectious Myonecrosis Virus) pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vanname
Abstrak: This study aimed to examine the influence of prebiotic, probiotic, and sinbiotic against survival and immune response of white shrimp challenged with coinfection of Vibrio harveyi and the IMNV virus. Shrimp that with a body weigth of 2,04±0.20 g/animal, was kept at 20 shrimps per aquarium with size 60 x 30 x 35 cm. The study was conducted with five treatments consisted of K (+) (without the addition of prebiotic, probiotic and sinbiotic with co-infection), K (-) (without the addition of prebiotic, probiotic and sinbiotic and without co-infection), P1 (the addition of prebiotik with co-infection), P2 (the addition of probiotic with coinfection), and P3 (the addition of sinbiotik with co-infection). The results showed that prebiotic, probiotic and sinbiotic treatment have better influence than the K (+) treatment. The survival of prebiotic, probiotic, and sinbiotic treatment were higher (70,83%-79,17%) than K(+) treatment (50,00%) and a better immune response were also observed.
Keyword: 

Judul: Aplikasi probiotik, prebiotik, dan sinbiotik melalui pakan pada udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei yang diinfeksi bakteri Vibrio harveyi
Abstrak: Luminous vibriosis caused by Vibrio harveyi were commonly treated with antibiotic, but recently the use of antibiotics is restricted because it induces antibiotic-resistant bacteria and leave residue in shrimp’s body. An alternative solution that can be done to treated luminous vibriosis is by using applications of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic. The aim of this research was to examine the effect of probiotic, prebiotic, and synbiotic on the survival rate and growth of pacific white shrimp against V. harveyi infection. Feed as treatment was supplemented with probiotic 1%, prebiotic 2%, and probiotik 1% + prebiotic 2% (synbiotic). Shrimps feed without supplementation of probiotic and prebiotic was used as control treatment. Shrimp test inserted into the aquarium (60x30x35) cm as much as 15 pic with a density of 40 shrimps/ 40 liters/ aquarium and an average weight of 0.4 ± 0.1 grams. After 30 days of feeding treatment, the shrimp was challenged by immersion with V. harveyi solution containing 106 CFU/ml. Survival rate of shrimp was measured before and after challenge while growth and feed convertion were observed before challenge test. Research result showed that growth (5.89%), feed convertion (1.21), and survival rate (80%) before challenge of shrimp fed diet supplemented with synbiotic were better then shrimp fed diet supplemented with probiotic and prebiotic. After challenge, survival rate (83.33%) of shrimp fed diet supplemented with synbiotic was better then prebiotic (51.67%) and positive control (31.67%).
Keyword: 

Judul: Kajian frieze groups untuk klasifikasi dan konstruksi desain berdasarkan simetri pada pola
Abstrak: Frieze groups adalah konsep matematika untuk mengklasifikasikan desain pada dua dimensi permukaan yang berulang-ulang dalam satu arah berdasarkan simetri pada pola. Frieze groups merupakan grup yang mempertahankan bentuk pola. Pergerakan bentuk pola terdiri dari translasi, refleksi dan rotasi 180o. Tujuan dari karya ilmiah ini adalah mengkaji sifat Frieze group, mengkaji penggunaan Frieze group dalam mengklasifikasikan simetri pada pola dan mengkonstruksi pola dengan menggunakan software tesselmania. Hasil yang telah diperoleh, bahwa jenis Frieze groups merupakan subgroup dari grup pergerakan pola. Selain itu dapat dilihat dari sifat isomorfik berbagai jenis Frieze groups. Untuk mengkonstruksi sebuah bentuk pola dapat menggunakan salah satu software untuk membentuk sebuah pola bidang datar (dua dimensi) yaitu tesselmania.
Keyword: Frieze groups, Simetri, Pola