Judul: Analisis dan implementasi algoritme RSA secara paralel
Abstrak: RSA is an algorithm for public key cryptography. The advantage of RSA is it is difficult to be attacked. Besides that, RSA has shortcomings. For example, execution time of RSA algorithm is longer than other algorithms like DES and RC6. In this research the RSA algorithm would be parallelized by dividing the data to each processor and the performance of the RSA algorithm would be analyzed. Parallel implementation of the RSA algorithm uses Message Passing Interface (MPI).The objectives of this research is to measure and analyze the performance of parallel RSA algorithm using performance metrics. This research uses eight processors with Windows XP SP 2 as operating system. This research uses ASCII text and binary files for the experiment. The result of this research indicates that the RSA algorithm is good when it is parallelized using domain decomposition method because the RSA algorithm has a long computational process, but it has fast communication time. The best result of parallel RSA algorithm in this research is in decryption process. For example, for file size of 4.204.979 bytes, decryption execution time of sequential RSA algorithm is 4207.286 seconds, whereas using the eight process, respectively is 530.762 seconds. The speedup is 7.929 and the efficiency is 0.991. This result is good because ideally speedup is equal to the number of processors used and optimum efficiency is one. The worst result of parallel RSA algorithm is in encryption process with small file sizes. For example, for file size of 116.820 bytes, encryption execution time of sequential RSA algorithm is 0.292 seconds, whereas using the eight process, respectively is 0.066 seconds. The speedup is 4.419 and the efficiency is 0.567. This is because the RSA encryption in this research has a fast computational process, but it also has big overhead for data communication.
Keyword: RSA algorithm, Parallel, Message Passing Interface(MPI), Peformance metrics, Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB

Judul: Analisis performance algoritme paralel block cipher RC6 menggunakan message passing interface (MPI)
Abstrak: RC6 algorithm is a block cipher algorithm, which is one of the finalists in the AES competition. One of the RC6 algorithm parameters is the size of the block, where a larger block size is used the more time required to perform encryption-decryption. In this research the RC6 algorithm would be parallelized by dividing the data to each processor and the performance of the RC6 algorithm would be analyzed. Parallel implementation of the RC6 algorithm uses Message Passing Interface (MPI). The purpose of this research is to measure and analyze the performance of parallel RC6 algorithm. This research uses 4 computer with Linux operating system. This research uses files ASCII text and binary for the experiment. Each file will do the experiment three times repetition to take the average value. The results of this research show that execution time of parallel RC6 algorithm at the process of encryption and decryption is longer than execution time of sequential RC6 algorithm. For example, for file size of 249,149,712 bytes, encryption execution time of sequential RC6 algorithm is 17.91 seconds, whereas using the number of processors as many as 2, 4, 6 and 8, respectively are as follows 18.34 seconds, 20.37 seconds, 17.51 seconds and 18.93 seconds. The results of encryption execution time show that the encryption execution time by using the processor number of 4 is the slowest one. The speedup of parallel RC6 algorithm is less than one or smaller than the speedup of sequential RC6 algorithm. The speedup of parallel RC6 algorithm also not ideal because ideally speedup is equal to the number of processors used. The efficiency of parallel RC6 algorithm becomes lower along with more processor used. The resulting efficiency is far away from the optimum efficiency value, that is one, and it is not constant. To maintain the efficiency values if the number of processors is increased from p to p ' the input size should be increased in fraction of p'2 / p2. The cost of parallel RC6 algorithm increases as more processors are used. The resulting cost greater than the optimal cost value that is equal to Ts. The resulting overhead values become greater when the number of processors are increased. The results of this research indicate that the RC6 algorithm is not good when it is parallelized with domain decomposition method and using MPI. This is because the RC6 algorithm has a fast computational process, but it has the long communication time, so the total execution time of parallel RC6 algorithm longer than sequential RC6 algorithm.
Keyword: block cipher, RC6 algorithm, parallel, Message Passing Interface (MPI), Linux, Performance metric, execution time, speedup, efficiency, isoefficiency

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan