Judul: Toxicity Test of Gelatin Capsule Materials from Catfish Skin (Pangasius sp.) on Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Gelatin berasal dari kulit dan tulang hewan yang salah satu fungsi nya dapat digunakan sebagai pembentuk kapsul obat-obatan. Isu mengenai penyakit dari sapi dan perbedaan keyakinan konsumen merupakan kendala dalam mengonsumsi gelatin babi maupun sapi, sehingga membuka peluang untuk mencari alternatif gelatin dari sumber lain yaitu ikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan tingkat toksisitas bahan kapsul gelatin kulit ikan patin (Pangasius sp.) dengan metode fixed dose procedure pada mencit yang dilihat dari nilai LD50. Dosis 2000 mg/kg BB ditentukan sebagai dosis awal uji utama setelah dilakukan uji pendahuluan. Hewan uji dibagi menjadi 2 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol dan kelompok dosis 2000 mg/kg BB yang masing-masing terdiri dari 5 ekor mencit betina galur DDY. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai LD50 gelatin kulit ikan patin > 2000 mg/kg BB. Gelatin kulit ikan patin tidak bersifat toksik yang dibuktikan dengan tidak adanya kematian dan perubahan rata-rata bobot badan mencit. Organ yang dipengaruhi oleh gelatin kulit ikan patin yaitu paru-paru berdasarkan perbedaan nyata pada bobot bobot relatif., Gelatin is derived from the skin and bones of animals, which one of its functions can be used as a capsule-forming drug. Disease from cattle and differences in consumer beliefs are the obstacles in consuming pork and beef gelatin, thus opening up to new opportunity to develop gelatin from fish. This study aims to determine the level of toxicity of gelatin capsule materials from catfish skin (Pangasius sp.) using the fixed dose procedure method on mice based on the LD50 value. The dose of 2000 mg/kg BW was determined as the initial dose of the main test after the preliminary test. The test animals were divided into 2 groups, namely the control group and the 2000 mg/kg BW dose group, each consisting of 5 female DDY mice. The results showed that the LD50 value of catfish skin gelatin was > 2000 mg/kg BW. Catfish skin gelatin is non-toxic as evidenced by the absence of death and changes in the average body weight of mice. Organs that are affected by catfish skin gelatin are the lungs based on significant differences in relative weight
Keyword: ikan patin, kapsul, mencit, uji toksisitas akut, capsule, catfish, gelatin, mice, oral toxicity test

Judul: Effect of NaOH Comparison on Patin Skin Pretreatment (Pangasius hypophthalamus) on Gelatin and Its Application on Hard Capsule Shells
Abstrak: Kulit ikan patin sangat potensial menjadi sumber gelatin, namun proses pretreatment yang dilakukan belum maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan perbandingan NaOH dan sampel dalam proses preatreatment, serta karakteristik fisik-kimia gelatin kulit ikan patin. Metode yang dilakukan yaitu Rancangan Acak Lengkap dan uji lanjut Duncan. Karakteristik gelatin yang telah sesuai dengan standar GMIA 2019 dan SNI 8622-2018. Perlakuan terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan perbandingan 1:8 (b/v). Perlakuan tersebut menghasilkan rendemen 22,66 ± 1,07%; pH 6,43 ± 0,14; viskositas 67,5 ± 1,50 mps; dan kekuatan gel 244,143 ± 1,69 bloom. Perlakuan tersebut diaplikasikan dalam pembuatan cangkang kapsul keras. Karakteristik cangkang kapsul keras yang dihasilkan telah sesuai dengan standar Departemen Kesehatan RI (2020). Analisis histologi menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang digunakan belum mampu menghancurkan lapisan stratum compactum, sehingga perlu dilakukan treatment dengan cara lain agar rendemen gelatin yang dihasilkan maksimal., Pangasius skin has the potential to be a source of gelatin, but the process of pretreatment is not optimal. The purpose of this research was to determine the ratio of NaOH and samples in the process of the pre-treatment, as well as physicochemical characteristics of gelatin from catfish skin. The method used was Completely Randomized Design and Duncan's further test. Gelatin characteristics that are in accordance with the GMIA 2019 standard and SNI 8622-2018. The best treatment was obtained at a 1:8 (w/v) comparison treatment. This treatment resulted in a yield of 22.66 ± 1.07%; pH 6.43 ± 0.14; viscosity 67.5 ± 1.50 mps; and gel strength 244.143 ± 1.69 bloom. This treatment was applied in the manufacture of hard capsule shells. The characteristics of the hard capsule shell produced meet the standards of the Indonesian Ministry of Health (2020). Histological analysis showed that the treatment used had not been able to destroy the layer stratum compactum, so it was necessary to do other treatments in order to maximize the yield of gelatin.
Keyword: catfish, gelatin, hard capsule, NaOH, pretreatment

Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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