Judul: Analysis Hotspot and Burned Areas in Alor District East Nusa Tenggara Province
Abstrak: Kabupaten Alor merupakan salah satu Provinsi di Nusa Tenggara Timur yang tergolong rawan kebakaran. Kabupaten Alor memiliki jumlah hotspot terbanyak ketiga setelah Sumbawa dan Kupang. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sebaran hotspot area bekas kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kabupaten Alor Provinsi Nusa Tenggara Timur pada tahun 2015 dan 2019. Analisis hotspot dilakukan dengan menggunakan satelit Terra/Aqua-MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) untuk mengetahui area permukaan bumi yang memancarkan suhu tinggi. Analisis data dilakukan melalui buffering hotspot dengan jarak 1 km x 1 km. Jumlah hotspot di Kabupaten Alor pada tahun 2015 sebesar 51 hotspot yang tersebar di lima jenis tutupan lahan. Jumlah hotspot tahun 2019 sebesar 64 hotspot yang tersebar di delapan jenis tutupan lahan. Luas area bekas terbakar di Kabupaten Alor pada tahun 2015 sebesar 16.021 hektar dan mengalami peningkatan luas area bekas terbakar sebanyak 25% pada tahun 2019 menjadi 20.106 hektar. Jenis tutupan lahan yang memiliki luas area bekas terbakar terbesar pada tahun 2015 dan tahun 2019 adalah hutan lahan kering sekunder. Jenis tutupan lahan yang memiliki luas area bekas terbakar terkecil pada tahun 2015 adalah pertanian lahan kering dan pada tahun 2019 adalah pemukiman atau lahan terbangun serta tanah terbuka. Kata kunci: area terbakar, hotspot, kebakaran, tutupan lahan, Alor District is one part of the East Nusa Tenggara Province that classified as prone to fire disaster. Alor District has the third highest number of hotspots after Sumbawa and Kupang. The purpose of this study is to analyze the distribution of hotspots in areas of former forest and land fires in Alor District, East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2015 and 2019. Hotspot analysis was performed using the Terra/Aqua MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite to find out the area of the earth's surface that emits high temperatures. Data analysis was carried out through hotspot buffering with a distance of 1 km x 1 km. The number of hotspots in Alor District in 2015 was 51 hotspots spread across five types of land cover. The number of hotspots in 2019 was 64 hotspots spread across eight types of land cover. The burned areas in Alor Regency in 2015 was 16,021 hectares and experienced an increase in the burned areas by 25% in 2019 to 20,106 hectares. The type of land cover that had the largest burned areas in 2015 and 2019 is secondary dryland forest. The type of land cover that had the smallest area of burned areas in 2015 was dryland farming and in 2019 it was residential or built-up land as well as open land. Keywords: burned area, hotspot, fire, land cover
Keyword: burned area, hotspot, fire, land cover

Judul: Identification Hotspot and Burned Area in Merauke District, South Papua Province.
Abstrak: Provinsi Papua Selatan merupakan salah satu provinsi yang tergolong rawan terhadap kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Salah satu kabupaten yang sering mengalami kebakaran adalah Merauke. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi sebaran hotspot dan area bekas kebakaran hutan dan lahan di Kabupaten Merauke Provinsi Papua Selatan pada tahun 2015 dan 2019. Identifikasi hotspot dilakukan dengan menggunakan satelit Terra/Aqua-MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) yang dapat mengidentifikasi area di permukaan bumi yang memiliki suhu lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan area sekitarnya. Analisis data dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasi sebaran hotspot pada setiap jenis tutupan lahan, serta identifikasi area bekas terbakar dengan buffering hotspot dengan jarak 1 km x 1 km. Total jumlah hotspot tahun 2015 adalah 2671 dengan 2611 hotspot pada lahan mineral dan 60 hotspot pada lahan gambut. Total hotspot tahun 2019 adalah 534 dengan 524 hotspot pada lahan mineral dan 10 hotspot pada lahan gambut. Luas area bekas terbakar pada tahun 2015 di lahan mineral sebesar 98% dan pada lahan gambut sebear 2% dari seluruh luas area bekas terbakar di Kabupaten Merauke. Luas area bekas terbakar pada tahun 2019 juga 98% nya terjadi di lahan mineral dan pada lahan gambut sebesar 2%. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan pada tahun 2015 dan 2019 terbesar terjadi pada jenis tutupan lahan semak belukar rawa, South Papua Province is one of fire prone province. The districts that frequently experiences forest and land fires is Merauke. The objective of this study were to identify the distribution of hotspots and burned area in Merauke District, South Papua Province in 2015 and 2019. Hotspot identification was obtained from Terra/Aqua-MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) satellite which can identify areas on the earth's surface that are has a higher temperature than the surrounding area. Data analysis was carried out by identifying the distribution of hotspots in each type of land cover, as well as identifying burnt areas by buffering hotspots with a distance of 1 km x 1 km. The total number of hotspots in 2015 was 2671 with 2611 hotspots on mineral soil and 60 hotspots on peatlands. The total hotspots in 2019 was 534 with 524 hotspots on mineral soil and 10 hotspots on peatlands. The area burned in 2015 was 98% on mineral soil and 2% on peatland of the total burned area in Merauke District. The area burned in 2019 was 98% on mineral soil and 2% on peatland. The largest forest and land fires in 2015 and 2019 were found in swamp.
Keyword: burned area, hotspot, forest fire, Merauke

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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