Judul: Efisiensi Penularan Cucumber mosaic virus, Zucchini yellow mosaic virus, dan Squash mosaic virus Melalui Benih Cucurbitacea
Abstrak: Seed-transmitted viruses have been known to cause negative effect on seed germination and seedling growth and may cause disease spread more widely in the field. Research was conducted to identify seed-transmitted viruses from Cucurbitaceae and to study their potential role as primary inoculum in the field. Cucurbitaceae seeds used in the experiment i.e. cucumber, bottle gourd, watermelon, zucchini, melon, and kabocha were obtained from commercial seeds available in the market. Evaluation of seed-transmitted viruses was done using growing on test method. I-ELISA and DIBA was used for detection of virus infection. Three viruses i.e. CMV, SqMV, and ZYMV were detected from cucumber field in Situgede, Dramaga, Bogor. CMV was detected from melon variety Kinanti and zucchini seed (2%) as well as from kabocha seed (12%). SqMV was detected 80%, 6%, and 2% from cucumber, melon variety Kinanti and bottle gourd seeds, respectively. Virus infection was detected in seedling up to 5 weeks after transplanting, i.e. CMV in kabocha and SqMV in cucumber. This results indicated the potential role of seed-transmitted viruses as primary inoculums in the field
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Judul: Pengaruh Infeksi Squash mosaic comovirus Terhadap Perkembangan Penyakit Mosaik pada Lima Varietas Mentimun (Cucumis sativus L.)
Abstrak: Squash mosaic comovirus (SqMV) is seed borne pathogens that infect many Cucurbitaceae crop, its presence has expanded in Indonesia. This research aims to 1) know the percentage of SqMV carried by seed on five varieties of cucumber are Jupiter, Venus, Japan File, Vario, and Calista, 2) determine the influence SqMV infection on the mosaic disease development, and 3) determine the effect of SqMV infection to the percentage of SqMV carried by the next generation seeds. Five varieties of cucumbers mechanically inoculated with SqMV then observed symptoms, incubation period, and the incidence of disease. Seed borne virus testing performed by the method of growing-on test. Virus detection used indirect ELISA method and DIBA. Based on testing of cucumber leave samples from Situgede, Bogor by using antisera Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus, Squash mosaic comovirus, Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus, Watermelon mosaic potyvirus, and Tobacco ring spot potyvirus known that SqMV is the only type of virus found with the highest titer reached 0.8155. Varieties Venus, Jupiter, Calista, and Vario which infected will show varied symptoms that is mosaic of green, yellow green mosaic, leaf bleaching bones, and malformations in fruit. Observations of disease severity and viral titers showed a pattern of mosaic disease development is decreased in the flowering stage and increased in the fruiting stage. In the vegetative stage, viral titers ranged from 1.3845 to 1.5603, viral titers of the flowering stage decreased, ranging from 0.8966 to 1.2780, and viral titers of the fruiting stage increased again, from 0.8849 to 1.4420. The Japan File gives a different response because the decrease in the severity of the disease continues to bear fruit since the flowering stage. Commercial seed (F1) which is widely used by farmers proved to bring SqMV achieve 100% efficiency and variety of Venus which infected by SqMV produce seed offspring (F2) which brings SqMV with efficiency reaches 60.87%.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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