Judul: Pengaruh pemberian kapur dan protein aditif terhadap proses vermicompost limbah pasar dan sifat-sifat casting yang dihasilkan
Abstrak: Peningkatan jumlah penduduk menyebabkan kebutuhan lahan meningkat sehingga mengakibatkan penurunan luasan lahan yang subur untuk pertanian. Disamping itu juga menyebabkan peningkatan limbah yang dihasilkan. Penggunaan lahan sempit yang sangat intensif akan mengakibatkan kerusakan sifat-sifat tanah baik secara kimia, fisik dan biologi ditandai dengan menurunnya bahan organik tanah. Hal ini dapat diatasi dengan pemanfaatan limbah yang dihasilkan oleh manusia yaitu limbah organik. Salah satu sumber limbah organik adalah limbah pasar yang sebagian besar merupakan hasil pertanian. Limbah pasar yang dihasilkan berdampak terhadap pencemaran lingkungan jika tidak ada usaha untuk mempercepat proses dekomposisinya terutama limbah yang bersifat organik. Untuk menanggulangi permasalahan limbah ini diperlukan suatu teknologi pengomposan yang dapat mempercepat terdekomposisinya sehingga menjadi pupuk organik yang langsung dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman pada pertanian lahan sempit. Vermicomposting (pengomposan dengan bantuan cacing tanah) merupakan salah satu proses pengomposan yang dapat mempercepat proses dekomposisi bahan organik. Vermicomposting mempunyai nilai ekonomis yang tinggi karena selain menghasilkan kompos (casting) yang kaya unsur hara juga menghasilkan cacing tanah yang mempunyai manfaat yang beragam…dst
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Kapur dan Protein Aditif terhadap Kecepatan, Bobot dan Sifat-Sifat Casting pada Pengomposan Kotoran Sapi dengan Teknik Vermicomposting
Abstrak: Environmental degradation will increase rapidly if no effort was taken in managing large number of organic waste, as a side product of animal husbandry, to become useful materials. One of the common techniques of waste management is composting. Composting process using earthworm called as vermicomposting.
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Judul: Studi sistematika  Oreophryne Boettger, 1895Sulawesi (Anura: Microhylidae)
Abstrak: The cross frogs, genus Oreophryne Boettger, 1895 are most diverse in the mainland of New Guinea and adjacent islands, to the Wallacea region in the Moluccas, Sulawesi, and the Lesser Sunda Islands, even marginally to the Oriental region in Bali and to the southern Philippine Islands. In Sulawesi, this taxon consists of three species but has rarely been reported since their original descriptions and remained unstudied in both taxonomical work and molecular study. This research aims to evaluate the taxonomic status of the cross frogs in Sulawesi based on morphology and estimate the phylogenetic using the 16S rRNA gene. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed under Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Bayesian Inference (BI) analyses. We used the specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne which were stored at the Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB). A total of about 19 morphological characters were measured by a digital caliper and ocular micrometer to the nearest 0.01 mm. The phylogenetic tree shows that the three nominal species of Oreophryne from Sulawesi are clearly clustered. Correspondingly, the phylogenetic analysis supports the recognition of a new taxon, Oreophryne sp. However, the phylogenetic relationships between Oreophryne within Wallacea remain unresolved. Consequently, further systematic analysis along with additional sequences from the type locality is necessary to clarify the interspecific relationship among this region. We examined the morphology of 50 voucher specimens of Sulawesian Oreophryne. The validity of O. celebensis, O. variabilis, and O. zimmeri was confirmed in this study, but still the latter remains to be established. The three nominal species examined here were not collected from the type locality, so additional specimens, either in the type locality, new locations, or in other areas on this island are needed to evaluate the taxonomic status of these species deeply. Moreover, the unnamed species from the highland of the Mekongga mountains differ morphologically and genetically from all previously described Sulawesian Oreophryne. This distinct species will increase the number of cross frogs in Sulawesi to four species, all of which are endemic.
Keyword: frog, morphology, Oreophryne, phylogenetic, Sulawesi, systematics