Judul: Bovine Thelaziosis in Kupang District Livestock
Abstrak: Thelaziosis is eyeworm disease caused by nematodes. The life cycle of this worm requires the host intermediate flies of the family Muscidae. Kupang district is an area that has the potential of beef cattle farms large enough. Generally, beef cattle in Kupang district has traditionally maintained by means of grazing on pasture. This maintenance method has the risk of becoming infected by various diseases including thelaziosis. Information of thelaziosis in Indonesia is very minimal including in Kupang district. This study was conducted to identify species of Thelazia, determine the prevalence, the intensity infection, clinical sign and to investigate associated risk factors of thelaziosis. Survey thelaziosis in Kupang district were carried out using Cross-sectional study. A total of 385 cattles were randomly selected from 96 farms in three subdistrict of Kupang District and observed to thelaziosis. The nematode present in the eye of cattle were collected with a forcep after administrating of local anesthesia (10% Xylocaine). The potential risk factors regarding to age of cattle, human resources and farm management were obtained by interviewing the farmers. The influence of various risk factors to the prevalence of thelaziosis were analized using chi-square, while logistic regression was applied to analyze related risk factor of thelaziosis. Total of 357 worms (157 males and 210 female) were collected from 23 infected cattles with the mean number of worms in infected cattle was 32.92 ± 21.03. Observation using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) on morphology characteristic showed that nematode species founded were identified as Thelazia rhodesii. The result showed that of the total 385 cattles observed, 23 (5.96%) were infected by T.rhodesii, of which 22 cattles showed apparent clinical signs namely excessive lacrimation and conjunctivitis that leads to keratoconjunctivitis, while one cattle showed ulceration. The infection was more prevalence in older cattle (>6-12 month old and >12 month old) than calf (0-6 month old) (P<0.05). Significant risk factors of animal husbandry practices affecting the prevalence of thelaziosis in cattle were anthelmintic treatment, grazing management, barn cleaning, and manure management. The regular once a year anthelmintic treatment had 19.06 (P<0.05) times higher risk to Thelazia spp infection than the regular twice a year treatment. Regular cleaning of barn, once a month had 124.08 (P<0.05)times higher risk factors to Thelazia spp infection than everyday and pastoral locations on pasture had 19.3 (P<0.05) higher risk factors than field rice to Thelazia spp infection. Our results highlight that significancy risk factors for the occurrence of the disease should be considered in designing control programs of thelaziosis.
Keyword: Thelazia rhodesii, cattles, prevalence, worm burden, risk factors

Judul: Prevalence, Risk Factors and Degree of Helminthiasis of  Cattle Limousin in BPTU-HPT Padang Mangatas
Abstrak: Helmintiasis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi cacing parasit dapat menyebabkan malnutrisi, gangguan kesehatan dan penurunan produktivitas ternak. Cross sectional study dilakukan untuk mengetahui tingkat prevalensi, faktor risiko dan derajat infeksi kecacingan pada sapi limousin di Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTU-HPT) Padang Mangatas. Sampel diperiksa secara kualitatif dengan metode sedimentasi dan pengapungan serta kuantitatif dengan metode McMaster. Penelitian ini dilengkapi dengan data sekunder helmintiasis pada sapi limousin selama tiga tahun terakhir 2018-2020 dikumpulkan dari catatan surveilans BPTU-HPT Padang Mangatas. Sapi limousin di BPTU-HPT Padang Mangatas memiliki prevalensi helmintiasis cukup tinggi. Secara keseluruhan, prevalensi infeksi cacing gastrointestinal (GI) adalah 66,67% dan telur yang teridentifikasi adalah telur jenis strongyle (59,26%) dan Moniezia benedeni (12,96%). Prevalensi infeksi pada sapi indukan (0%) secara signifikan lebih rendah (P<0,001) dibandingkan dengan sapi muda (84,37%), dan pedet (81,82%). Nilai rataan geometrik Telur Tiap Gram Tinja (TTGT) menunjukkan derajat helmintiasis tergolong ringan., Helminthiasis is a disease caused by the infection of helminth that can cause malnutrition, health problems and decrease in livestock productivity. The crosssectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence, degree, and risk factors for helminthiasis in limousine cattle at Balai Pembibitan Ternak Unggul dan Hijauan Pakan Ternak (BPTU-HPT) Padang Mangatas. Fecal sample were examined qualitatively by sedimentation and floatation methods and quantitatively by the McMaster method. Secondary data of helminthiasis cases in limousine cattle during the last three years 2018-2020 was collected from BPTUHPT Padang Mangatas surveillance record. Overall, the prevalence of gastrointestinal (GI) helminth infection on limousine cattle at BPTU-HPT Padang Mangatas was 66.67 %. The eggs identified were Strongyle type egg (59.26%) and Moniezia benedeni. (12.96%). The prevalence of infection in cattle above 2 years (0%) was significantly lower (P<0.001) than calves aged under 8 months of age (84.37%), and young cattle between 8-24 months of age (81.82%). The geometric mean of Egg per gram (EPG) values shows the degree of helminth infection is relatively low (<500 EPG).
Keyword: BPTU-HPT Padang Mangatas, helminthiasis, limousine cattle

Judul: Transformasi fasa pada pembuatan keramik alpha-alumina dengan proses sol-gel
Abstrak: Proses sol-gel merupakan proses terbaru yang dikcmbangkan untuk membuat keramik, termasuk alumina (Al2O3). Proses ini dapat mengontrol struktur mikro dan sifat keramik dengan jalan mengontrol parameter proses pcmbuatan, suhu pemanasan yang dibcrikan rclatif rendah, kcmurnian produk yang dihasilkan relatif tinggi, plastisitas gel dapat mcmbcrikan produk dalam bcntuk scrbuk, serat, lapisan tipis dan bentuk padat Hal yang menarik untuk diamati pada proses pembuatan kcramik alumina dengan proses sol-gel adalah te1jadinya transformasi fasa. Menurut bebcrapa pcnclili, fasa-fasa yang tc1jadi adalah alumina hidrat (dapat berupa diaspore atau boehmile), gamma-, delta-, theta-dan alpha-alumina. Masing-masing fasa tcrsebul mempw1yai sifat fisis yang berbcda. Satu mol serbuk aluminum /rifer/ butoxidc [(C21-15Cl-l(CI-13)O),Al] dicampur dengan 100 11101 air (H20). Campuran tersebut diaduk dengan magnetic stirer sampai homogcn. Setelah homogcn, pada suhu 90°C campuran tcrsebut dipeptisasi dengan katalis asam, 0,2 mol 1-JCI. Proses polimerisasi ini membentuk gel. Gel yang diperoleh dikeringkan pada suhu 90°C, kcmudian dibagi-bagi untuk dipanaskan pada beberapa suhu, yaitu 300°C, 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, 700°C, 800°C, 900°C, l000°C, 1100°C, 1200°C dan 1300°C, selama satu jam dalam ruang pemanas (furnace). Setelah itu, sampel segera dikeluarkan dari ruang pemanas dan didinginkan di udara. Evolusi termal diamati dengan analisis termal dari suhu kamar sampai suhu 1300°C, yaitu dijferential thermal analysis (DTA) dan lhermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Fasa-fasa yang te1jadi pada sctiap sampel ditentukan dcngan X-ray d/fji-actomelly (XRD). Idcntifikasi fasa dilakukan dengan menggunakan meta de Hanawalt secara manual dan analisis kuantitatif clilakukan pada pola difraksi sampel 1000°C, puncak 012 (fasa alpha) dan 004 (fasa theta) dengan menggunakan metode pcrbandingan langsung. Morfologi pennukaan sampel diamati dengan mikroskop optik (MO) dan scanning electron microscope (SEM). Sedangkan kerapatan sampel diukur dengan piknometcr. Dari basil penelitian diperoleh bahwa fasa-fasa yang terbentuk adalah fasa boehmite (antara suhu 90°C-300°C), fasa gamma-(antara suhu 400°C-800°C), fasa delta-(sekitar suhu 900°C), fasa theta­(sekitar suhu l000°C) dan fasa alpha-alumina (antara l 100°C-1300°C). Masing-masing fasa tersebut mempunyai sistem kristal, morfologi permukaan clan kerapatan yang bcrbcda. Pad a suhu 1000°C, secara kuantitatif, terbentuk fasa theta sebesar 50,18% dan alpha 49,82%. Transformasi tennal dari gamma-kc delta-, de/la-ke theta-tidak tcrdeteksi, baik dcngan DTA maupun TOA. Morfologi pcrmukaan gel alumina yang telah dipanaskan pada suhu 1300°C mcnunjukkan fonnasi kristalin. Kcrapatan fasa alpha­alumina adalah (400 ± 3) IO kg m-3•
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