Judul: Development of national park zoning system: a synthesis of the importance of biodiversity conservation and the livelihood of costumary people
Abstrak: The objectives of this research is to develop such policies for park zonation that amalgamating the national-global interests for conservation on the one side and the customary community interests on the other side. More specifically, this research is directed for developing new criteria for park zonation that integrating conservation policies and regulations with indigenous knowledge. Two national parks i.e. the Wasur National Park and the Kayan Mentarang National Park that have overlapping areas with customary territories were studied. The field research was carried out in relations with participatory planning activities for park zonation that conducted from October 2008 to July 2011. Literatures review, in-depth interviews, field observations as well as participant observations during park zonation process are fields methods applied for data collections. Three important findings are found. First, the sustainable use of natural resource would be in place where customary community still keeps their traditional way of life particularly that in relations to conservation. Second, so far the park zonation policy does not take into account the values, norms and livelihoods of the customary community. Third, the regulations and criteria for park zonation hinder the traditional access and control of customary community over national park. The last two mentioned factors could potentially create conflicts between customary community and parks. Through spatial analysis and participatory planning carried out in the two national parks studied, zones that integrating or amalgamating indigenous knowledge and conservation policy and regulations can be produced. Five genuine zones are produce from this process i.e. cultural core zone, customary wilderness zone, the multi use zone, historical, cultural and religious zone and the traditional use zone. The first four mentioned zones are produced through amalgamation processes. However, the last zone is produced through similar requirements address in the Decree of the Minister of Forestry No P.56/Menhut-II/2006. Hence, it can be said that park zonation process that could integrating or amalgamating indigenous knowledge and biodiversity conservation policy and regulations are conservation policies that built upon the customary community perspective.
Keyword: National Park, Zoning System, biodiversity conservation, livelihood, costumary people, customary community, amalgamation process, Taman Nasional Wasur, Taman Nasional Kayan Mentarang

Judul: Designing a sustainable management policy of national park in the decentralized era
Abstrak: National park plays an important role in conserving nature, biodiversity and life supporting system. However, sectoral policy set up intended to manage national park may hinder that crusial role for humankind. Therefore, there has to be alternative approach to create a sound and effective public policy to manage national park sustainably. Critical system thinking could provide practical framework on policy analysis. This study was intended to develop a sustainable management policy model of national park using soft and hard system methodology approach. The results revealed that the need of such system was to balance social, economic, environment and natural resources for supporting sustainable development. The goals of the system were to protect valuable national park ecosystem for human wellbeing, to increase wealth of local residents close to national park, and to secure the existence of culture. The park authority should pay more attention to local people since they might behave as supporter or destroyer. Conceptual policy model of sustainable national park management was developed, namely National Park Management System Based on Ecosystem and Community which consisted of 3 models which were Management Model, Institutional Model and Funding Model. The model was considered as Community Initiative Government Support. In order to overcome coordination problem, to enhance comanagement and to increase benefit to local people, it is suggested that Working Group of National Park Planning Management and Village Owned Enterprise might be established. In addition, National Park Office should be enacted to General Service Agency of National Park as for efficiency and flexibility of financial management which are more transparent, accountable and professional.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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