Judul: Analisis keuntungan dan peluang penggunaan alat tangkap legal dan ilegal di kabupaten Indramayu
Abstrak: Nearly half the supply of sea fish commodity in West Java province comes from Indramayu district, but its resource sustainability is threatened by destructive fishing gear. These problems have prompted the government to establish the type of fishing gear regulations, so it appears the group of legal fishing gear (LFG) and illegal fishing gear (IFG) in the fishing industry. The purpose of this thesis research is to estimate and test the difference's profits from the use of LFG and IFG, and estimate the factors that affect fishing The Use of Legal and Illegal Fishing Gear at District Indramayu. Under the Direction of YUSMAN SYAUKAT and DEDI BUDIMAN HAKIM. probabilities to be IFG users persistently and alternately and LFG users persistently. The research objective is achieved by using primary data obtained through a survey. The difference's profits from IFG and LFG were tested with nonparametric statistical methods, and an ordered logit econometric approach used to meet the last objectives. The results are concluded, (1) the profits from using IFG greater than 113 560 rupiahs from LFG on boat size under 5 gear tonnage (GT), contrary to the boat size 60-10 GT, the profit from using LFG greater than 197 900 rupiahs from IFG, (2) there are significant differences between IFG and LFG profits in the fishermen who conduct transactions on fish auction (FA) and use the boat size below 5 GT, and the fishermen who make transactions outside of FA and using a boat sized 60-10 GT, and third, fishing probabilities to use IFG persistently and alternately and LFG users persistently are influenced by the profit per trip IFG, the type of market (FA or outside FA), off-fishing income, education level, and level of enforcement of fisheries regulations. The increase in IFG profits, off-fishing incomes and levels of enforcement of fisheries regulations can increase the probabilities of the use of IFG persistently and alternately. Conversely, education level and the transaction in the FA can reduce the probabilities of the use of IFG, otherwise increase the probabilities of the use of LFG
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Judul: Analisis kebijakan pengelolaan perikanan tangkap berkelanjutan di Kabupaten Indramayu
Abstrak: Pembangunan perikanan pada masa lalu belum dapat memecahkan berbagai permasalahan yang dihadapi, diantaranya adalah rendahnya tingkat kesejahteraan nelayan dan adanya indikasi tangkap lebih (over fishing) di beberapa wilayah perairan seperti Selat Malaka dan pantai Utara Pulau Jawa. Permasalahan lain yang timbul adalah kecenderungan beberapa daerah menjadikan sumberdaya ikan (SDI) sebagai sumber utama Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD). Keadaan ini dikhawatirkan dapat menambah tekanan terhadap SDI akibat penangkapan ikan yang tidak terkendali karena tidak memperhatikan prinsip pembangunan berkelanjutan. Kabupaten Indramayu merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jawa Barat yang memberikan sumbangan terbesar terhadap produksi perikanan yaitu sekitar 43% dari total produksi perikanan tangkap Provinsi Jawa Barat. Pada tahun 2004 tingkat pemanfaatan SDI sebesar 203, 91% dari nilai MSY atau sebesar 32.754 ton. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji status keberlanjutan perikanan tangkap di Kabupaten Indramayu, mengkaji faktor-faktor pengungkit yang berpengaruh serta menentukan strategi pengelolaan perikanan tangkap di Kabupaten Indramayu. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rapid Appraisal for Fisheries (RAPFISH) untuk mengetahui status keberlanjutan perikanan dan Data Envelope Analysis (DEA) untuk mengetahui jumlah alat tangkap yang optimal. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa status perikanan tangkap di Kabupaten Indramayu tidak berkelanjutan baik ditinjau dari aspek ekologi, ekonomi, sosial, teknologi, etika maupun kelembagaan dengan masing-masing nilai indeknya di bawah 50, yaitu indek ekologi 25,27 – 26,34; ekonomi 39,72 – 39,95; sosial 43,10 – 43,61; teknologi 38,00 – 38,08; etika 29,33 – 30,85 dan kelembagaan 37,32 – 37,44 pada selang kepercayaan 95%. Hasil analisis menunjukkan tekanan lahan mangrove, besarnya subsidi, tingkat pendidikan yang rendah, mitigasi habitat dan transparansi merupakan faktor pengungkit utama. Terdapat 8 jenis alat tangkap utama yang digunakan para nelayan Indramayu yaitu purse seine, gillnet, lampara, jaring klitik, pancing, sero, pukat pantai dan dogol. Jumlah alat tangkap tersebut saat ini berdasarkan hasil analisis sudah melampaui carrying capacity yang ada. Alat tangkap yang efisien dengan nilai efisiensi 100% adalah jaring klitik, payang, gillnet, dan purse seine. Sedangkan, Alat tangkap yang tidak efisien adalah dogol (80%), sero (76,83%), pancing (66,55), dan pukat pantai (46,16%). Kondisi ini menunjukan bahwa alat-alat tangkap yang memiliki daerah penangkapan di luar Kabupaten Indramayu umumnya lebih efisien. Langkah-langkah kebijakan yang diperlukan dalam pengelolaan perikanan tangkap di Kabupaten Indramayu adalah (1) konservasi dan rehabilitasi hutan mangrove, (2) pengaturan jumlah alat tangkap, (3) penanganan pasca panen, (4) modernisasi armada besar yang beroperasi di wilayah lepas pantai, (5) pengurangan armada kecil yang tidak efisien dan tidak ramah lingkungan, (6) pengembangan industri pengolahan ikan, (7) peningkatan kapasitas kelembagaan perikanan dan kelautan, (8) penyediaan mata pencaharian alternatif, dan (9) program pengkayaan stok.
Keyword: Overfishing, Sustainable development principle, Capture fisheries, Data Envelopment Analysis

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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