Judul: Elektrode Pasta Karbon Termodifikasi Tanin Dari Ekstrak Kulit Manggis Untuk Analisis Ion Timbel(Ii) Secara Voltammetri
Abstrak: Penelitian ini berfokus pada pengembangan dan penerapan elektrode pasta karbon (EPK) termodifikasi bahan alam untuk penentuan timbel(II) secara voltammetri siklik. Bahan alam yang digunakan ialah tanin dari kulit manggis dengan 2 perlakuan, yaitu tanpa ekstraksi (EM) dan dengan ekstraksi. Tanin merupakan polifenol yang dapat membentuk kompleks dengan logam. Penggunaannya sebagai pemodifikasi EPK diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kepekaan pengukuran timbel(II). Voltammogram siklik diamati pada selang potensial -0.5 sampai 1.0 V. Elektrode EM dengan komposisi 1-20%b/b tidak menunjukkan peningkatan arus puncak pada pengukuran timbel(II) 5 ppm, sementara ET 5%b/b menghasilkan arus puncak katodik 30 kali lebih besar dibandingkan dengan arus EPK-nonmodifikasi. Pengukuran optimum timbel(II) teramati pada pH 4, laju payar 100 mV/s, linearitas yang baik (r=0.9793) pada konsentrasi timbel(II) 1-5 ppm, dan selektivitas elektrode rendah terhadap tembaga(II). Elektrode termodifikasi tanin dapat diterapkan untuk sampel lingkungan.
Keyword: elektrode pasta karbon, tanin, timbel(II), voltammetri siklik

Judul: Deteksi Ion Timbal(II) dengan Teknik Stripping Voltammetry pada Elektrode Karbon Termodifikasi Biofilm Lysinibacillus fusiformis
Abstrak: Timbal merupakan salah satu pencemar lingkungan yang berbahaya bagi kesehatan manusia. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memodifikasi screen printed carbon electrode (SPCE) menggunakan biofilm Lysinibacillus fusiformis serta mengevaluasi kinerjanya dalam deteksi ion logam Pb2+ dengan teknik stripping voltammetry. Bakteri dibiakkan dalam media agar padat dan diuji menggunakan metode cakram. Bakteri L. fusiformis memiliki zona bening terkecil dan menunjukkan paling tahan akan larutan ion Pb2+. SPCE digunakan sebagai tempat pelekatan biofilm. Kondisi pengukuran yang digunakan ialah 0.1 M bufer asetat pH 4.5 pada jendela potensial -1200 hingga -200, potensial deposisi -1300 mV (vs Ag/AgCl), waktu deposisi 120 s, dan kecepatan payar 100 mV/s. Linearitas diperoleh dengan nilai R2 sebesar 0.992. Arus puncak yang dihasilkan linear terhadap konsentrasi ion logam.
Keyword: Lysinibacillus fusiformis, SPCE, stripping voltammetry, timbal

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm