Judul: Produksi Asam Hialuronat oleh Streptococcus zooepidemicus dengan Kultivasi Curah (Batch) dan Semi-Sinambung (Fed-Batch) pada Fermentor Skala Menengah
Abstrak: Asam hialuronat telah digunakan secara luas pada industri farmasi dan kosmetika. Asam ini mempakan senyawa makromolekuler dengan viskositas dan bobot molekul yang tinggi. Sunlber asam hialuronat dijumpai baik pada jaringan tubuh hewan (tali pusar, tulang rawan, otak, dan lain-lain) atau pada mikroorganisme, antara lain bakteri Sfreptococcus. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk memproduksi asam hialuronat dari Streptococcus zooepidemicus pada skala menengah yang merupakan kelanjutan dari penelitian pada skala kecil terdahulu. Parameter yang diamati adalah rendemen dan kemurnian asam hialuronat.
Keyword: 

Judul: Isolasi asam hialuronat dari kaldu kultivasi dengan cara presipitasi
Abstrak: Asam hialuronat adalah biopolimer dengan bobot molekul yang tinggi, mencapai 2 x 10 10 x 10 Dalton (Van de Rijn, 1983). Bobot molekul dari asam hialuronat dapat menentukan penggunaannya, untuk bobot molekul yang tinggi umumnya digunakan pada bidang kedokteran untuk operasi mata (ophtalmic viscosurgery), kosmetika yaitu sebagai zat yang dapat meremajakan kulit (rejuvenating skin lotions) dan untuk aplikasi lain pada bidang farmasi seperti untuk membuat cairan mata tiruan (artificial tears) (Yalpani, 1987). Penggunaan asam hialuronat terbesar sampai saat ini adalah dalam bidang kedokteran, industri farmasi, dan kosmetika. Asam hialuronat merupakan senyawa makromolekuler dengan matrik interseluler, yang dapat diproduksi dengan cara mengisolasi jaringan hewan seperti jengger ayam, tulang rawan, tali pusar, fluida sinovial dsb. Selain itu asam hialuronat dapat disintesa oleh beberapa mikroorganisme seperti Aerobacter aerogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, dan oleh Streptococcus grup A dan grup C. Beberapa keuntungan memproduksi asam hialuronat dengan kultivasi mikroorganisme adalah lebih praktis, murah dan tingkat kemurnian yang tinggi. Setelah proses kultivasi, dilakukan proses pemisahan asam hialuronat dari kaldu kultivasi dengan cara presipitasi.
Keyword: 

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite