Judul: Efikasi Antibiotik D-3 Terhadap Escherichia coli Dan Mycoplasma gallinarum Pada Ayam Pedaging
Abstrak: Salah satu sumber protein asal hewan yang sering dikonsumsi oleh masyarakat Indonesia berasal dari ayam broiler. Penurunan produksi ayam broiler dapat disebabkan karena adanya penyakit collibacillosis dan mycoplasmosis. Pemberian antibiotik merupakan salah satu upaya yang dapat mendukung produktivitas ayam Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi antibiotik D-3 terhadap Escherichia coli dan Mycoplasma gallinarum. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 2 Agustus 2012 sampai tanggal 24 Agustus 2012. Pengamatan meliputi morbiditas, mortalitas, dan bobot badan ayam Hasil yang diperoleh menunjukkan antibiotik D-3 efektif diberikan pada hari ke-7 pasca infeksi untuk ayam yang dünfeksi E. coli. Sedangkan pada kelompok ayam yang diinfeksi oleh M gallinarum, waktu pemberian antibiotik efektif diberikan pada hari ke-3 pasca infeksi Disamping itu, bobot badan ayam yang diinfeksi E. coli maupun M. gallinarum dan diobati antibiotik D-3 secara umum tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata dengan literatur.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Antibiotic, Efficacy, Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma gallinarum

Judul: Efikasi Antibiotik D-1 terhadap Bakteri Escherichia coli dan Mycoplasma gallinarum pada Ayam Pedaging
Abstrak: Broilers is a superior breed that as cross breed chickens with high productivity. Productivity can be decreased due to the disease such as colibacillosis and mycoplasmosis. Antibiotics could support the productivity of chickens. The aims of the research is to determine the effectiveness of antibiotic D-1 against Escherichia coli and Mycoplasma gallinarum. Research was conducted from August 2, 2012 until August 24, 2012. Observations during research has been conducted including on body weight, morbidity and mortality of each cage after infections. The results showed that antibiotic D-1is more effective against Mycoplasma gallinarum than Escherichia coli. The right time to give the antibiotic D-1 to againt Escherichia coli is between 6 hours to 3 days post-infection, while for Mycoplasma gallinarum is 6 hours post-infection.
Keyword: 

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: