Judul: Karakteristik Tekanan Udara dan Suhu Permukaan Laut di Pantai Barat Sumatera dan Pantai Timur Afrika serta Kaitannya dengan Kejadian Dipole Mode di Samdera Hindia Tropis
Abstrak: Variabilitas iklim di pasifik-Hindia mempunyai dampak potensial terhadap populasi manusia yang berada di daerah sekitarnya.
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Judul: Variabilitas arus, suhu dan angin di Perairan Barat Sumatera dan inter-relasinya dengan Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM) dan El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)
Abstrak: Di Samudera Hindia terbentuk sistem osilasi yang dikenal dengan Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IODM). IODM merupakan fenomena yang disebabkan karena terbentuknya dua kutub anomali SPL (suhu permukaan laut) di perairan timur Samudera Hindia dan perairan barat Samudera Hindia (Saji et al., 1999). Di Samudera Pasifik juga terbentuk sistem osilasi yang dikenal dengan El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). Adanya kedua fenomena ini mempengaruhi fluktuasi arus, suhu air laut dan angin di perairan barat Sumatera. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis variabilitas arus dan suhu di perairan barat Sumatera pada kedalaman 5, 25, 55, 75, 125, 155, 175, 250, 446, dan 617 meter pada periode Januari 1979 hingga Desember 2007. Menganalisis variabilitas angin permukaan di perairan barat Sumatera pada periode Januari 1979 hingga Desember 2007. Serta mengkaji hubungan antara variabilitas arus, suhu dan angin permukaan di perairan barat Sumatera dengan IODM dan ENSO. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini merupakan data bulanan ratarata dengan jangka waktu antara Januari 1979 hingga Desember 2007. Data arus dan suhu diperoleh dari GFDL-NOAA (http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov). Data angin dari ESRL-NOAA (http://www.esrl.noaa.gov). Data Dipole Mode Index (DMI) diperoleh dari JAMSTEC (www.jamstec.go.jp) dan data Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) dari BOM (http://www.bom.gov.au). Stasiun data arus dan angin terletak pada koordinat 5°LS dan 100°BT, sedangkan data suhu terletak pada koordinat 5,26°LS dan 100,5°BT.
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Judul: Heterologous Expression Of Endo-Β-Xylanase From Bacillus Pumilus Strain Bcrs-01 In Escherichia Coli.
Abstrak: Xylanases are glycoside hydrolase family 11 which depolymerise xylan in the plant cell wall, the most excessive form of hemicellulose. Endo-β-xylanases (EC 3.2.1.8) are most important to breakdown β-1,4-glicoside bond of xylan to produce disaccaride xyloolygosaccaride (XOs) and xylose (monomer). Bovine rumen fluids have potential to obtain endo-β-xylanase produced of bacteria. The objectives of this study were to obtain xylanase producing bacteria and to express xynA gene encoding endo-β-xylanase from bacterium in Escherichia coli. Twenty nine isolate bacteria have been succesfully isolated from bovine rumen fluid in agar medium containing birchwood xylan. Isolate BCRS-01 bacterium was previously screened for the high production of xylanase. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, BCRS-01 showed high similarity (99%) to Bacillus pumilus (accession number NR043241). The crude xylanase had optimal activity at 55oC, pH 7.0. Furthermore, the crude xylanase exhibited broad pH stability from 4.0 to 10.0 and remained more than 60% and 40% of its activity after incubation at pH 4.0 until 10.0, respectively for 60 min. It also showed a stability at temperature 25-50oC since it retained 80% and 50% of its activity when incubated at 50oC or 30 and 60 min, respectively. The xylanase activity was strongly inhibited by Ca2+ and Cu2+ at concentration 10 mM, and as little as 1 mM for Mn2+. Therefore, this xylanase has potentially used as additive feeds in animal feed industry. The DNA sequence xynA gene encoded endo-β-xylanase was amplified and cloned into the expression vector pET-15by under the control of T7 promoter. The recombinant protein had succesfully expressed in Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) pLysS. A protein recombinant of approximately, 26.7 kDa was observed on the SDS-PAGE analysis. Crude extract of recombinant endo-β-xylanase demonstrated activity of enzyme at 56 U mL-1 using birchwood xylan as a substrate at 55oC for 10 min.
Keyword: Bacillus pumilus, bovine rumen fluid, endo-β-xylanase, heterologous expression.