Judul: Analysis of Rent-Seeking Practices on Beef Import Activities in Indonesia
Abstrak: Domestic beef production has average deficit 200 to 300 thousand tons to consumer demand. To address this deficiency, the government, under regulation of PP 4/2016, has adopt the policy of importing boneless frozen beef. One of the notable issues within this industry is rent seeking activities. The period used in this research is President Joko Widodo's administration in 2014-2022 to assess the efficiency of cattle farming management, test the effectiveness of beef import policies for price stabilization, and analyze the various act of rent-seeking. The methods used are ICOR, ARCH/GARCH, and content analysis. The research results showed that investment improvidence in livestock sector amounted to 17.28 trillion rupiah. The best model is ARCH(1), shows that prices does not stable as evidenced by the high level of volatility with an ARCH coefficient 2,627021. Nine conspiracy of rent-seeking were found, namely: 1) Bribery/Gratification of Political Party; 2) Bribery/Gratification of Constitutional Judges regarding beef import policy; 3) Imports of beef from countries that are not yet free from PMK; 4) Manipulative agreement; 5) Distribute government budgets based on constituent regions, not production centers; 6) Illegal import; 7) Cartelization; 8) Sales above the price set by the government; and 9) Blended import-beef (oplosan)., Produksi domestik rata-rata kekurangan 200 hingga 300 ribu ton daging sapi terhadap permintaan masyarakat. Pemerintah melalui PP 4/2016 memilih kebijakan impor daging sapi beku tanpa tulang untuk pemenuhan tersebut. Permasalahan pada industri ini yaitu terdapat perburuan rente. Periode waktu yang digunakan yaitu masa pemerintahan Presiden Joko Widodo 2014-2022 dengan tujuan menilai efisiensi pengelolaan peternakan sapi, menguji efektifitas kebijakan impor daging sapi untuk stabilisasi harga, dan menganalisis modus operandi perburuan rente. Metode yang digunakan yaitu ICOR, ARCH/GARCH, dan content analysis. Hasil penelitian didapatkan pemborosan penggunaan investasi di sektor peternakan berjumlah 17,28 triliun rupiah. Model terbaik yaitu ARCH(1) menunjukkan harga tidak stabil dibuktikan dari tingkat volatilitas tinggi dengan koefisien ARCH 2,627021. Ditemukan sembilan modus operandi yaitu: 1) Suap/Gratifikasi Ketua Partai; 2) Suap/Gratifikasi Hakim Konstitusi; 3) Impor daging sapi dari negara PMK; 4) Kerjasama Manipulatif; 5) Mengalirkan anggaran proyek berdasarkan daerah konstituen, bukan sentra produksi; 6) Impor ilegal; 7) Kartelisasi; 8) Penjualan diatas harga yang ditetapkan pemerintah; dan 9) Daging sapi oplosan.
Keyword: perburuan, rent seeking, perburuan rente, import, rent, rent seeker, agricultural economic, price volatility, volatilitas harga, swasembada daging sapi, Daging Sapi Impor, Beef, economic analysis, volatility

Judul: Analisis Faktor-faktor yang Memengaruhi Permintaan Daging Sapi dan Implikasinya terhadap Kebijakan Impor
Abstrak: Chaotic imported beef in November 2012, resulting in a rise in the price of beef in the market so that the need for special handling so that beef prices. This research was conducted to analyze the factors that affect the demand for beef in Indonesia and the role of substitution, and the implications of policy import. This study uses secondary data the period 1982-2011. Analyses were performed with the econometric approach, estimation models using Principal Component Regression (RKU). The results show the coefficient of determination (R2) of 71.7 percent, and the elasticity of each of the variables tested small relative to the demand for beef show that beef consumption is not replaceable. Beef demand continues to increase every year even though the price of beef is relatively expensive. Formulations stabilization policy covering the prices of additional supplies at the time of the great religious, imports done merely to meet national shortage of supplies beef and ensure the availability of food -substitutions beef as the availability of chicken meat and eggs, and increases the production of beef in the long run.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4