Judul: Kajian Isotermi Sorpsi Air Biji Jarak Pagar (Jatropha curcas L)
Abstrak: Jatropha seeds storage is an important step that can affect the process of biodiesel production. At jatropha seeds storage, free fatty acid content can be increased so that the oil yield will be reduced. This situation is due to oxidation and hydrolysis reactions that have relationship with water. The existence of water on jatropha seeds is reflected in the water activity (aw). Bell and Labuza (2000) said that oxidation can increased at water activity above 0.3. The relationship between water content with aw is described by the moisture sorption isotherms curves. The objectives of this research is to study the equilibrium moisture content, the best fitted model of moisture sorption isotherms and the relationship between equilibrium moisture content with free fatty acid content of jatropha seeds. The moisture sorption isotherms of jatropha seeds were determined at two different temperatures (30 and 40°C) and ten different water activity (0.14, 0.15, 0.27, 0.37, 0.43, 0.54, 0.68, 0.71, 0.79 and 0.83). Eight models namely the BET, GAB, Halsey, Harkins-Jura, Henderson, Oswin, Smith and Iglesias-Chirife were fitted to the sorption data. The models were compared using the modulus deviation (P) and coefficient of determination (R2). The moisture sorption isotherms were sigmoidal in shape. On the two highest aw 0.79 and 0.83 there was a sharp increase of equilibrium moisture content. The hysteresis phenomena was not occurs between desorption and adsorption process. The moisture sorption isotherm of jatropha seeds decreased with increased in temperature at constant aw. The best fitted model in the range aw from 0.14 to 0.83 was GAB model. Modulus deviation value of GAB model at adsorption 30°C, desorption 30°C, adsorption 40°C and desorption 40°C is 11.3, 12.14, 15.37 and 12.48 respectively. Coefficient of determination value of GAB model at adsorption 30°C, desorption 30°C, adsorption 40°C and desorption 40°C is 0.80, 0.80, 0.70 and 0.85 respectively. Monolayer moisture content resulting from the BET and GAB model was 3.00 to 4.36 (% db). At monolayer moisture content, free fatty acids content were not increased. The free fatty acids content increased with increased in equilibrium moisture content although fluctuating at 30°C. Free fatty acid content in the two highest aw 0.729 and 0.825 tend to increase. This relationship can be more specifically described by polynomial equations.
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Judul: Karakteristik Mutu Biji Jarak Kering dan Minyak Terkandung Selama Penyimpanan
Abstrak: Jatropha seeds as one of selected plant for biodiesel material is easy to be damaged after the harvest. Therefore, postharvest technique especially handling and storage before being processed into biodiesels is needed. The purposes of the research are to determine the characteristic of Jatropha seed quality and its oil during the storage at room temperature and to determine packaging material which is able to maintain the quality of Jatropha seed and its oil during the storage. This quality includes the yield of jatropha oils, free fatty acid of the oil, the water content of the seed, iod number, seed fat contents and weight loss. The storage was conducted for six months after applying liquid smoke as disinfectant with the concentration 0%, 5% and 15% and packed with sack, sack + polypropylene 0,03 mm also sack + polypropylene 0,08 mm. The quality of Jatropha seed and oil includes the water content of the seed, free fatty acid of the oil, and also weight loss, generally increased after storage for six months. The free fatty acid of the oil was disqualify of Standard National Indonesia (SNI) 01-1904-1990 for 1% after six months, where as the iod number is still qualify of SNI 01-1904-1990 with the value of 87,38-88,82%.
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Judul: Pembinaan Pertunjukan Rakyat Tradisional sebagai Media Komunikasi Pembangunan
Abstrak: Salail satu upaya pemerintah unt~tk mengurangi ketimpangan s o s i a l yang mencakup ketimpangan komunikasi yang t e r j a d i antara masyarakat pedesaan dan rnasya~skat perkotaan, adalah meningkatkan arus informasi yang p o s i t i f rnelalui berbagai media yang ada, d i a n t a r a ~ y ay aitu rnemanfaatkan pertunjukan rakyat tradisional, media yang b e r s i f a t tradisional. Pemanfaatan pertunjukan rakyat tradisional. sebagai media komunikasi untuk menyampaikan pesan-pesan pemban, qnan, sangat tepat karsna sifatnya yang komunikatif, turnbuh dan berkernbang serra rnelembaga dalam masyarakat. Dalam pemanfaatzn tersebut dllaksanakan pembinaan oleh Departemen Penerangan 5ersrsa-seas dengan instansi l a i n yaitu Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan dan Departemen Dalam negeri, yang membina pada masing-masing bidang yang berbeda.
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