Judul: The Effect of Rice Prices on Other Food Prices Before During and After Covid 19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Beras di Indonesia merupakan komoditas yang sangat strategis dari segi ekonomi, sosial, lingkungan dan politik. Pandemi Covid-19 menyebabkan perubahan dan fluktuasi harga pada komoditas pangan. Terjadinya fluktuasi harga pangan menandakan bahwa negara tersebut tidak stabil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pola perubahan harga beras sebelum, saat, dan setelah pandemi Covid -19 dan menganalisis pengaruh perubahan harga beras terhadap harga dari komoditas pangan lainnya. Metode yang digunakan yaitu statistik deskriptif dengan analisis koefisien variasi dan analisis korelasi. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa harga beras mengalami penurunan selama pandemi Covid-19 dan meningkat setelah pandemi berakhir dan harga beras cenderung stabil di tingkat pedagang besar serta pasar tradisional. Harga beras cenderung berkorelasi positif terhadap harga pangan lain sehingga ketika harga beras mengalami peningkatan maka harga pangan lain akan meningkat., Rice in Indonesia is a highly strategic commodity in terms of economics, social, environmental, and political aspects. The Covid-19 pandemic has caused changes and fluctuations in the prices of food commodities. The occurrence of food price fluctuations indicates instability in the country. The purpose of this research is to analyze the patterns of rice price changes before, during, and after the Covid-19 pandemic and to examine the influence of rice price changes on the prices of other food commodities. The method used is descriptive statistics with coefficient of variation analysis and correlation analysis. The results of this study indicate that rice prices decreased during the Covid-19 pandemic and increased after the pandemic ended, and rice prices tend to be stable at the level of wholesalers and traditional markets. Rice prices tend to have a positive correlation with the prices of other food items, so when rice prices increase, the prices of other food items will also rise.
Keyword: Covid-19 Pandemic, Coefficient of Variance, Correlation Analysis, Food Commodities, Rice Prices

Judul: Effect of the Covid-19 Pandemic on the Provincial Rice Prices in Java
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 yang muncul pertama kali di Kota Wuhan dan masuk ke Indonesia pada awal tahun 2020 dan penyebarannya sangat pesat terutama di Pulau Jawa. Pandemi Covid-19 mengakibatkan penurunan Produk Domestik Bruto pada beberapa sektor di Indonesia, namun data dari BPS menyebutkan bahwa pertumbuhan PDB pada sektor pertanian pada tahun 2020 sampai 2021 tumbuh konsisten dan positif. Pertumbuhan dalam sektor pertanian terjadi pada beberapa subsektor pertanian termasuk tanaman pangan beras. Beras merupakan komoditas pangan strategis dan karena ketersediannya untuk melindungi ketahanan pangan nasional dan untuk menjaga stabilitas perekonomian di Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi tingkat fluktuasi harga beras provinsi di Pulau Jawa sebelum dan selama pandemi Covid-19 serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi harga beras provinsi di Pulau Jawa tahun 2018 sampai 2021 dengan menggunakan metode data panel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan fluktuasi harga beras di Provinsi Pulau Jawa mencapai puncaknya pada awal pandemi Covid-19 pada kuartal 1 tahun 2020, tetapi kuartal selanjutnya fluktuasinya lebih rendah karena adanya penurunan permintaan dan daya beli masyarakat serta adanya kebijakan stabilisasi harga pemerintah. Harga beras di Provinsi Pulau Jawa dipengaruhi oleh harga beras internasional, konsumsi per kapita, Harga Pembelian Pemerintah, dan Covid-19 sedangkan produksi beras tidak berpengaruh terhadap harga beras provinsi di Pulau Jawa. Selain itu, dalam jangka pendek dan jangka panjang, setiap peningkatan harga beras internasional, konsumsi per kapita, HPP, dan kasus Covid-19 akan menaikan harga beras sedangkan setiap peningkatan produksi beras akan menurunkan harga beras provinsi di Pulau Jawa. Saran bagi kebijakan pemerintah yaitu perlunya upaya stabilisasi harga beras dengan peningkatan produksi beras., The Covid-19 pandemic first appeared in the city of Wuhan and entered Indonesia in early 2020 and spread very rapidly, especially on the island of Java. The Covid-19 pandemic has resulted in a decrease in Gross Domestic Product in several sectors in Indonesia, but data from BPS states that GDP growth in the agricultural sector from 2020 to 2021 grows consistently and positively. Growth in the agricultural sector occurred in several agricultural sub-sectors including rice food crops. Rice is a strategic food commodity of its availability to protect national security and to maintaining stability in Indonesia. This study aims to estimate the level of fluctuations in provincial rice prices in Java before and during the Covid-19 pandemic and the factors that affect provincial rice prices in Java in 201fromto 2021 using the panel data method. The results showed that rice price fluctuations in Java Island Province reached its peak at there beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic in the first quarter of 2020, but the next in quarter the fluctuations were lower due to a decline in public demand and purchasing power and the government's price stabilization policy. Rice prices in Java Island Province are influenced by international rice prices, per capita consumption, Government Purchase Prices, and Covid-19, while rice production has no effect on provincial rice prices in Java. In addition, in the short and long term, every increase in international rice prices, per capita consumption, HPP, and cases of Covid-19 will increase the price of rice while every increase in rice production will reduce the price of provincial rice in Java.
Keyword: Covid-19, fluctuation, Java Island, panel data, provincial rice prices

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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