Judul: Studi Ulat Bulu pada Pertanaman Mangga dengan Perhatian Utama pada Kasus Ledakan di Probolinggo
Abstrak: Selama bulan Maret-April 2011 terjadi ledakan ulat bulu Arctornis submarginata Wlk. (Lep.: Lymantriidae) pada pertanaman mangga di Probolinggo. Pada saat yang bersamaan ledakan ulat bulu dilaporkan pula terjadi di tempat-tempat lainnya. Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari serangan, musuh alami, dan siklus ulat A. submarginata, serta mengidentifikasi jenis-jenis ulat bulu lainnya yang menyerang pohon mangga. Serangan dan musuh alami ulat bulu dipelajari melalui kegiatan survei dan pengumpulan ulat atau kepompong pada pertanaman mangga di Probolinggo, Indramayu, dan Kendal; sedangkan penelitian siklus hidup A. submarginata dilakukan di laboratorium.Hasil survei pada pertengahan Mei 2011 mengungkapan serangan ulatA. submarginata sudah sangat menurun. Menurunnya serangan ulat bulu ini disebabkan oleh meningkatnya perananmusuh alami, yang menyebabkan kematian pada pupa hingga 98%. Musuh alami yang paling umum ditemukan adalah parasitoid Brachymeria sp. dan Xantophimpla sp, serta cendawan entomopatogen yang menginfeksi pupa. Di laboratorium, siklus hidup ulat A. submarginata berlangsung sekitar 47 hari dengan keperidian 200 butir telur.Ulat bulu lainnya dari famili Lymantriidae yang menyerang pohon mangga adalah Lymantria marginata, Orgyia postica, dan Dasychira inclusa.
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Judul: Analisis Hubungan Kondisi Iklim Dengan Ledakan Ulat Bulu: Studi Kasus di Kabupaten Probolinggo, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: An outbreak of caterpillars Arctornis submarginata Wlk.(Lep.: Lymantriidae) occured in nine subdistrict of Probolinggo during March-April 2011. The caterpillar caused heavy defoliation on mangoes, with a total of 14.813 trees affected. Pest populations are commonly strongly influenced by the dynamics of climatic factors. The research aimed to evaluate and analyze the relationship between climatic conditions and the outbreaks of caterpillars. We used a qualitative-descriptive method to analyze rainfall variation for 10 years in the area, regression analysis of climatic factors and pest severity, and climex software to analyze potential pest distribution. Our analysis showed a strong relationship between outbreak of caterpillars and a high rainfall in the study area. The monthly average of rainfall for January to April was higher than monthly rainfall for 10 years. Based on regression analysis, the strongest influence of the whole climatic factors was found on the larval stages of which the value of R2 is 28.9%. Analysis using software climex showed the value of EI (Ecoclimatic Index) is 92, 87 and 46 in compare location, indicating that the study area was more suitable for the caterpillars. Climate is one of the factors affecting caterpillar outbreaks, in addition to biotic factors such as natural enemies.
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Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Zeolit untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is a fuel cell that utilize methanol as the fuel source. The electrolyte membrane used in the DMFC system in this research was chitosan-zeolite composite membrane. The composite membrane was synthesized with chitosan-zeolite composition variation of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 2:1. The membranes were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope, and for the specific gravity. Membrane performances were tested with methanol uptake, methanol permeability, conductivity, and potential difference in the DMFC system. The FTIR spectrum showed no formation of new functional groups inducating that the composite membrane was a result of physical mixing. Morphological analysis showed that the membrane was nonporous. Chitosan-zeolite 1:3 composite membrane had the highest specific gravity and methanol uptake, 1.4226 g/mL and 41.44%, respectively. The highest proton conductivity was showed by the 1:2 chitosanzeolite composite membrane, namely 7.2946× 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-zeolite composite membrane can be applied in DMFC system.
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