Judul: Model pengendalian sedimentasi waduk akibat erosi lahan dan longsoran di Waduk Bili-Bili Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: The main objective of this research is to design the model of sedimentation control of reservoir that has sustainability oriented to improve miner and farmer incomes without dismissing environmental interests. In particular, the general objective is achieved through several phases with their aims as follows; (1) determine the level of soil erosion in the sub watershed Jeneberang, as well as the impact of land management and information to determine the direction of land management in the watershed, (2) determine the impact of caldera landslide at Jeneberang sub watershed to sedimentation rates in the Bili-Bili dam, and (3) formulate the model of sedimentation control of reservoir due to land erosion and landslide. Research is conducted in Bili-Bili dam, South Sulawesi, from Juli 2009 until Pebruari 2010. First, research has conducted to determine land erosion using MWAGNPS as a model of cell-based rainfall events with the main components were topographic maps, land use and soil type. This model able to determine the source of erosion and the erosion that occurs. Second, research was conducted based on field survey of caldera landslide at upstream and sedimentation rate in the Bili-Bili dam. And the last, design the dynamical model of sedimentation control of reservoir using Stella 9.0.2 program analysis. The Result Showed that Jeneberang sub watershed dominated by steep areas topography is 10.080 ha (26.22%) and the closure of forested land is 12.250 ha (31.87%). Simulation MWAGNPS model showed when watershed Jeneberang has 31.66 mm of rain events with 30-minute rainfall intensity (EI30) can caused erosion 44.81 tons/ha and the sedimentation rate is 2,22 tons/ha. The source of erosion in the sub watershed Jeneberang from farm/moor caused erosion is 29,552.14 tons/ha/year and a total of 4,562,625.84 tons of sediment. Caldera landslide in 2004 caused sediment flow from upstream of Jeneberang watershed was 45,027,954 m3. Sabo dam as a sediment control along the Jeneberang upstream has function effectively. It was seen from the volume flow of sediment that can be controlled up to the year 2008 is 1,915,671 m3. Sedimentation rate before the event of landslide caldera, sediment deposited in Bili-Bili dam cumulatively is 8.376 million m3 (April 2001). Five years after the landslide sediment volume has reached 75.055 million m3 in 2009. Based on Trap efficiency showed that efficiency of Bili-Bili dam was decrease from 90.81% in 1997 to 73.34% in 2005, and then increased in 2007 (92.57%) and in 2008 decrease become 89.79%. Dynamical model simulation of reservoir sedimentation control showed sedimentation in dead storage capacity increase to completed in year of 2022. Moderate and optimistic scenario more effective in decreasing sedimentation in reservoir and increasing community income especially for the miner. Finally, moderate scenario can use of sedimentation control of reservoir in Bili-Bili dam, South Sulawesi.
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Judul: Model for sustainable dam development planning: case study of jatigede dam development
Abstrak: Model for sustainable dam development planning is an important process to plan sustainable control on social problems in construction stage and to plan sustainable achievement in dam optimal function along dam life time. Dam development is needed because of unevenly distribution of water in time and space, so then it is possible that flood occur in a certain place but drought occur in other place in the same time, vice versa. Dam development can reduce risk of flood and drought through a reservoir operation by using less water from reservoir but much for storing water in rainy season and using some major part of it in dry season. Jatigede dam planning and construction becomes the site for the case study in this research. There are three items becomes the focus of this research i.e. sedimentation, water balance and land acquisition. These factors are considered as the most important factors in planning a dam. Because of that, the model of dam planning contains of sub model of sedimentation and sub model of water balance, and then it will be integrated with study on land acquisition. The submodels will be run in three conditions i.e. the first is the condition based on data in original design, the second condition is based on present situation on site, the last condition is the condition on which the optimal function of the dam can be maintained during dam life time. Study on land acquistion is run on the land belong to the people and forest land. High sediment rates in catchment area of Jatigede dam in original design and moreover in present condition, makes the reservoir support on dam optimal function fails to survive along the dam life time. After that, in water balance analysis, this sediment situation influences the reliability of water availability especially for irrigation in Rentang Irrigation area. There are problems on land acquisition such as illegal buildings on land, resettlement and claims on previous land acquisition activities in the past.Through the sub models running, optimal functions of Jatigede dam can be attained by reducing the current value to a certain allowable value of sediment rates, sediment control in steps along dam life time and using of a certain variety of paddy which has low need of water. Solution on land acquisition in Jatigede dam, especially for the land owned by people, clear and certain policy is needed, besides strong support on program and financial for resettlement. Efficiency on time allocation and steps in usage of forest land procedures is urgently needed, if not, reservoir innundation which is scheduled in October 2013 will be in danger. Recommendation on dam planning and recommended activities in dam planning, building and operating, are important values to be used for future dam planning.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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