Judul: The Effectiveness of Green Betel Leaf Infusion (Piper betle L.) as an Analgesic in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) merupakan tanaman herbal yang berasal dari Asia yang dipercaya dapat digunakan sebagai pereda nyeri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuktikan efek analgesik infusa daun sirih hijau menggunakan metode hot water immersion tail-flick test. Selain itu, bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi adanya perubahan fisiologis pada mencit yang terjadi selama masa induksi analgesik dan pengobatannya menggunakan daun sirih hijau. Penelitian ini menggunakan 25 ekor mencit jantan galur DDY dan mengikuti Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL). Sejumlah mencit tersebut dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok yaitu satu kontrol negatif (grup 1; diberi akuades), satu kontrol positif (grup 2; diberi ibuprofen), dan tiga kelompok perlakuan (kelompok III, IV, dan V; diberi infusa daun sirih hijau dengan dosis masing-masing 1, 3, dan 5 g/kg BB mencit). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Tukey. Hasil penelitian didapatkan dosis efektif dari infusa daun sirih hijau untuk menghasilkan efek analgesik adalah 3 g/kg BB yang ditunjukan pada menit ke-60 sebesar ± 5,29 detik. Pemberian infusa daun sirih hijau juga ditemukan tidak menyebabkan abnormalitas pada fisiologis mencit. Disimpulkan bahwa infusa daun sirih hijau dapat digunakan sebagai sediaan analgesik alami. Kata kunci: analgesik, daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.), mencit (Mus musculus), The green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) is an Asian origin herbal plant that is reckoned as a pain reliever remedy. This study aims to prove the analgesic effect of green betel leaf infusion using the hot water immersion tail-flick test method. In addition, it aims to evaluate the physiological changes in mice (Mus musculus) that occur along with the analgesic induction and its treatment by using the green betel leaf infusion. This study was performed by using 25 male DDY mice and followed a completely randomized design (CRD). The mice were divided into 5 groups, namely a negative control (group I; was given aquadest), a positive control (group II; was given ibuprofen), and three treatment groups (group III, IV, as well as V; were given the green betel leaf infusion at a dose of 1, 3, and 5 g/kg BW respectively). The collected data was analyzed by using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) which was followed by the Tukey test. The results showed that the effective dose of the green betle leaf infusion to generate analgesic effect was at a dose of 3 g/kg BW which was shown at the 60th minute with ±5,29 seconds of latencies. The administration of the green betle leaf infusion was also found not to cause any abnormalities in the mice’s physiology. It was concluded that the infusion of green betel leaf can be used as a natural analgesic. Keywords: analgesic, green betel leaf (Piper betle L.), mice (Mus musculus)
Keyword: analgesik, daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.), mencit (Mus musculus), analgesic, green betel leaf (Piper betle L.), mice (Mus musculus)

Judul: The Acute Toxicity of Green Betel Leaf (Piper betle L.) Infusion in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.) banyak digunakan masyarakat sebagai tanaman herbal. Kandungannya dipercaya dapat menjadi obat alternatif dalam mengatasi berbagai masalah penyakit. Salah satu manfaatnya yaitu tanaman ini memiliki kemampuan sebagai antibakteri. Kurangnya informasi mengenai kemanan dari daun sirih hijau (Piper betle L.), sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih mendalam. Tujuan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menentukan tingkat toksisitas akut dari infusa daun sirih hijau pada mencit dengan nilai LD50 dan memberikan informasi ilmiah mengenai tingkat keamanan daun sirih hijau. Sebanyak 20 ekor mencit dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok. Kelompok kontrol diberi akuades, sedangkan kelompok perlakuan diberi infusa daun sirih hijau dengan dosis 5, 10, dan 15 g/kg BB. Pengamatan dilakukan selama 14 hari, kemudian diamati mortalitas, pengamatan fisiologis, dan gejala klinis. Parameter lain yang diamati yaitu bobot badan serta bobot organ absolut dan relatif (jantung, hati, ginjal, limpa, usus, dan paru-paru) mencit. Data dianalisis menggunakan one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan uji Tukey. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa pemberian infusa daun sirih hijau tidak menyebabkan kematian sehingga dapat disimpulkan nilai LD50 >15 g/kg BB dan termasuk dalam kategori praktis dan tidak toksik., Green betel leaf (Piper betle L.) are widely used by the community as a herbal plant. One of the benefits is that this plant has the ability to act as an antibacterial. Lack of information about the safety of green betel leaf, so more indepth research is needed. This study was conducted to determine the acute toxicity level of the infusion of green betel leaf on mice with a value of LD50. A total of 20 mice were divided into 4 groups. The control group was given aquades, while the treatment group was given infusions of green betel leaf at doses of 5, 10, and 15 g/kg BB. Observations were made for 14 days, then observed mortality, physiological observations, and clinical symptoms. Other parameters observed were body weight, absolut organ weights and relative organ weights (heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, intestines, dan lungs) in mice. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey tests. The results showed that the infusion of green betel leaves did not cause death so that it can be concluded that the value of ld50 >15 g / kg BB and belongs to the category of practical and non-toxic.
Keyword: daun sirih hijau, mencit, nilai LD50, uji toksisitas akut, acute toxicity test, green betel leaf, LD50 value, mice

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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