Judul: Analisis wilayah rawan kekeringan untuk pengembangan sistem usaha pertanian padigogo di Propinsi Sulawesi Tenggara
Abstrak: Penelitian ini merupakan kajian untuk menganalisis wilayah rawan kekeringan berdasarkan ketersediaan air untuk penanaman padi goo. Kemajuan teknologi informasi dan dukungan perangkat lunak dan keras komputer akan mempermudah penyusunana dan analisis wilayah rawan kekeringan secara numerik maupun spasial. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mengidentifikasi sebaran peluang deret hari kering/kejadian hujan di Sulawesi Tenggara; (2) Menyusun peta wilayah rawan kekeringan Sulawesi Tenggara berdasarkan karakteristik sebaran peluang deret hari kering/kejadian hujan, indeks rawan kekeringan, indeks kekeringan Palmer dan sifat fisik tanah; dan (3) Menyusun alternatif musim dan pola tanam berdasarkan analisis neraca air, karakteristik kekeringa n dan analisis kinerja tanaman padi pada masing-masing wilayah rawan kekeringan.
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Judul: Deliniasi Wilayah Pioritas Penangan Rawan Kekeringan Di Lahan Pertanian (Studi Kasus: Sulawesi Selatan)
Abstrak: Drought in the agricultural land might be happened because of the late wet season, it’s cause inappropriate cropping pattern. Delineation of vulnerability drought areas must be done to anticipate crop failure areas. Drought vulnerability areas analize by three different aspects: climatological, hydrological and agronomical. Each aspects has role in the water availability for agriculture land. Approachment of climatological aspect, drought vulnerability areas showed by the sensitivity level of rainfall towards sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies in the Nino-3.4 region. The rainfall is divided in three period: wet season (MH) at November-February, first dry season (MK-1) at March-June and second dry season (MK-2) at July-October. The correlation between rainfall anpmalies and SST anomalies specify three different areas: high sensitive areas, low sensitive areas and non-significant areas. Significant areas is the regions where rainfall has correlation toward sea surface temperature anomaly where the regression produce P-value ≤ 0.05. Approachment of hydrological aspect, drought vulnerability areas determined by the density of stream pattern. In agronomy aspect, drought areas is determined from the type of agricultural land use. The integration of these three aspects result distribution of drought level areas in agriculture field, specifically rice-field. Results of the climatological aspect analysis shows that the drought areas more often in the west and south Sulawesi Selatan. While on the agronomy aspect, drought areas are dominated by rainfed lands and moor lands that spreads all over province.
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Judul: Categorization in Macaca fascicularis.
Abstrak: Categorization is an ability to group individuals or events into different classes mediated by conceptualized mental images. There are several levels of categorization and within a taxonomy the levels are nested. At the most concrete level of categorization, all or most members of the category shared common physical attributes that differ from other categories. The higher the level of category, the fewer common attributes between members of the group. In addition to humans, the ability to categorize has also been proposed in animals. One example of categorization in animal is species discrimination. Using matching-tosample task, present experiment tested ability of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in discriminating dichotomous-stimuli of different animals. The species has been shown to be able to see photos as representations of real object so I used facial photos of humans and animals for the stimuli. First, I tested their ability to classify humans and macaques into separate group. Second, I tested their ability to discriminate their conspecific from other macaques. And the last, I tested whether the subjects were able to discriminate non-human animals from humans. In all of these experiments I found that the subjects showed high performance in categorizing objects, even when I discarded details of visual informations, such as color and local shapes. The ability to identify objects with reduced representation of physical properties means the subjects were able to generalize attributes of members of the group. This would indicate that the subjects created a higher level abstraction. On the other hand, in discriminating intrageneric macaque species I found that they were able to extract uniqueness of each species. More over, I also found that the subjects were able to put photos of non-human animals that shared very few similarities in physical percepts into one group. I suggested that the subjects could create a more abstract concept based on non-percepts relations as a basis to put the objects into one category. Thus, I concluded that M. fascicularis were able to perform multiple levels of categorizations.
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