Judul: : Respons Berhagai AIdor Terbsdap Pros% Pembaoguoan (Kasus Program Fengentam Kerniskinan yang Dilzbanakan oleh JiCA Beke rjasarna dengan Pemerintah Daerah Kabupaten Takalar, Sulawesi Selatan)
Abstrak: For many years, many programs of development has taken to solve poverty in Indonesia One of them is poverty alleviation program in Lassang Village. This study intends to study the response of various actors in relation to development by way of actor-oriented approach suggested by Norman Long which was based on phenomenology. This approach conveys a new analysis on the development process; it scrutinizes issues in development that have never been noticed before. From the actor-oriented approach point of view, the project manager of development should be concerned about the interface among actors in a development. This perspective is very important to overcome the gap of understanding that ofien occurs in development. In this thesis, the writer analyzed poverty alleviation program through bottom-up approach as conducted by JICA and local government of Takalar district, South Sulawesi from 1997 to 2002. This evaluation emphasized on development system by bottarn-up approach called SISDUK and focused on the interpretation of various actors on SISDUK since they comect the development system to their life-world and they react to SISDUK based on such comprehension. In SISDUK, the actors comprises of JICA expert, field officer, Takalar regional government staff, village heads, and the community. Every actor interprets SISDUK differently and acts upon this interpretation. This different interpretation usually creates gaps among such actors, These gaps could sometimes be solved; but in other times they potentially become the problem in SISDUK activity. In the mean time, the life-world of every actor changes dynamically does as SISDUK after the JICA contract is terminated and was continued using the frame of regional budget plan. This makes the interpretation and use of the agency of every actor dynamically change. The writer concludd that although it is important to focus on the development system (topdown or bottom-up approach), the more critical concern is on the interpretation of every actor upon issues in the development, in order to overcome development problems. From the actor-oriented approach point of view, through the study of SISDUK as a pilot project, it is clear to see that the empowerment of the powerless community in the frame of community empowerment perspective is just a utopia because the community have agency.
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Judul: Analisis Modal Sosial Dalam Pemberdayaan Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat
Abstrak: Poverty became a central issue is not only faced by developed countries, but also faced by developing countries such as Indonesia. Various efforts made by government, private, and non governmental institutions for minimizing the level of poverty. One of the efforts that has taked by government to reduce poverty is empowerment. Government announced “Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Mandiri Perkotaan (PNPM-MP)”. PNPM-MP is empowerment by using a group approach. Kelompok Swadaya Masyarakat (KSM) are the subject of development in the implementation of PNPM-MP. This research uses a qualitative approach, specifically uses in-depth interviews, participant observation, and search documents. The study shows that social capital has an influence for make a mutual cooperation and responsibility for the neighborhood. The result showed that a relationship among of KSM member is good. Relationship between KSM and the other stakeholders like Faskel, BKM and Relawan are good. Social capital has an important role for empowerment effort because it is basic for community’s autonomous and participation.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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