Judul: Implementasi LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) pada Bata Merah dan Batako
Abstrak: Red brick and brick are important materials on building project as like house. Purpose this research is determine the material between red brick and brick who have less impact to environment. LCA is one of method to evaluate impact assessment for a project or product. LCA ISO 14040 stage include goal definition and scoping, inventory analysis, impact assessment, and interpretation. Result this research is raw materials of red brick to make walls which function unit 1m2 wall soil 64 liter, and water 1 liter. Raw materials of brick to make 1 m2 walls is soil 45 liter, limestone 11 liter, and water 1 liter. Noise level of redbrick fabric is 83 dB(A). Noise level of brick fabric is 57 dB(A). Value the noise level of redbrick industry was exceeds the quality standards specified in the Decree of the Minister of Environment No.:KEP-48/MENLH/11/1996 pertaining on Noise Threshold. Energy consumption to make redbrick for 1 m2 walls was 2047 kcal whereas energy consumption for to make 1 m2 brick was 186 kcal. Based on the method of LCA (Life Cycle Assessment), the best material for make walls between redbrick and brick was a brick.
Keyword: life cycle assessment, red brick, brick

Judul: Life Cycle Assesment (LCA) Cradle To Gate Coal Production at XYZ Ltd South Borneo
Abstrak: Batu bara adalah salah satu sumber energi yang penting di dunia pengusahaan mineral atau batu bara dan termasuk sumberdaya alam tak terbarukan yang akan habis pada waktunya. Kegiatan pertambangan batu bara menimbulkan berbagai dampak lingkungan dan emisi (padat, cair, dan udara) tergantung ukuran, eksploitasi dan metode pengolahan yang digunakan. Namun begitu diperlukan pendekatan ilmiah untuk mengidentifikasi permasalahan yang ditimbulkan. Salah satu dampak lingkungan pertambangan batu bara yaitu emisi gas rumah kaca dari pembakaran bahan bakar minyak yang digunakan selama kegiatan operasional. Penelitian ini menggunakan life cycle assessment (LCA) sebagai metode dengan tujuan umum untuk mengevaluasi, menganalisis dampak lingkungan potensial akibat proses produksi batu bara, serta memberikan rekomendasi pengurangan dampak dari industri pertambangan tersebut. Secara khusus penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi penggunaan energi dalam kegiatan operasional pada setiap prosesnya di pertambangan batu bara, menganalisis dampak lingkungan atau emisi terbesar yang dihasilkan dari kegiatan pertambangan batu bara, serta memberikan rekomendasi untuk mengurangi dampak akibat pertambangan batu bara. Ruang lingkup penelitian dengan batasan sistem cradle to gate yang dalam pertambangan mulai dari material removal, coal mining, coal processing, dan coal hauling. Produk yang diamati merupakan batu bara sub-bituminous dan unit fungsi 100 ton dengan nilai kalori 4200 – 6300 Kkal/Kg. Hasil identifikasi energi untuk produksi batu bara setelah dikonversi ke dalam satuan energi menjadi 1.486 TJ untuk minyak diesel dan listrik sebesar 32,63 TJ. Minyak diesel merupakan bahan bakar dengan konsumsi paling signifikan tahapan proses material removal mengonsumsi minyak diesel paling signifikan dengan jumlah 1.335,21 TJ dengan persentase konsumsi minyak diesel 90%. Konsumsi minyak diesel tidak hanya pada kebutuhan alat berat namun juga untuk generator sebagai cadangan apabila listrik padam pada tahapan coal processing dan coal hauling. Hasil studi menunjukkan bahwa potensi pemanasan global didapatkan sejumlah 5.527,363 KgCO2eq, potensi asidifikasi 21,315 KgSO2eq dan potensi eutrofikasi 5,727 KgPO4eq. Rekomendasi untuk menurunkan emisi diusulkan dengan cara melakukan pengembangan teknologi melalui penggantian sumber bahan bakar, penggunaan teknologi pengolahan limbah yang ramah lingkungan, serta penggunaan peralatan ekstraksi batu bara yang efektif. Hal ini dapat juga mengefisiensikan energi yang digunakan selama tahapan pertambangan., Coal is one of the important energy sources in the world of mineral or coal exploitation, including non-renewable natural resources and will run out in time. Coal mining activities cause various environmental impacts and emissions (solid, liquid and air) depending on the size, exploitation and processing methods used. However, a scientific approach is needed to identify the problems that arise. One of the environmental impact in coal mining is greenhouse gas emissions from the fuel combustion system used during operations. Research that uses a life cycle assessment (LCA) as a method with a general purpose to analyze the impact of environmental analysis due to the coal production process, as well as the impact of the mining industry. The aims of this study were to evaluate the use of energy in operational activities in each process in coal mining, to analysis the environmental impact or the largest emissions resulting from coal mining activities and to provide recommendations for reducing the impact caused by coal mining. The scope of research was limited to the system boundary from cradle to
Keyword: LCA, coal, global warming potential, acidification, eutrofication

Judul: Studi Kasus Patologi Infeksi Protozoa Tetrahymena spp pada Ikan Hias Guppy (Poecilia reticulata )
Abstrak: The study was aimed to explore the protozoan Tetrahymena spp infection in Guppy (Poecilia reticulata) fish, with intended to the morphology of parasites in tissue sections and the resulting tissue lesions. Sample of diseased Guppy fishes were used in the study. Observation of clinical symptoms of the Guppy were revealed lethargic, vertical swimming and impaired equilibrium. The fish organs were observed macroscopically and microscopically. The result of macroscopic observation showed that there were excessive haemorrhage and ulceration at skin particularly in the dorsal and lateral abdomen. Protozoan parasite in the skin, muscles and gill tissues were identified by histopathological examination using hematoxylin-eosin staining and positive responses to periodic acid Schiff staining. Study of protozoan morphology revealed a spherical shape pyriform with a narrow anterior end, have dimension in average 50.5 x 32.4 μm. The parasites cause skin erosion, and hemorrhage, muscular degeneration and necrosis along with gills edema. Severe fatty degeneration was presented in liver while there was edema and congestion in the intestinal mucosa. As these fishes were been cultured in the aquarium such disease is thought to be caused by the deterioration of water quality, feed contamination or a poor handling.
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