Judul: Association of AHSG and BHMT Gene Polymorphisms with Fatty Acid Composition and Cholesterol in Sheep
Abstrak: Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid Glycoprotein (AHSG) and Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase (BHMT) genes are excellent candidate genes that affect fatty acid composition in sheep. The aim of this study was to identify and analyze the association of Alpha2-Heremans-Schmid glycoprotein (AHSG) and Betaine Homocysteine Methyltransferase (BHMT) gene polymorphisms with fatty acid composition and cholesterol in lambs. This study was conducted in two stages, identification of AHSG and BHMT gene polymorphisms and their associations with fatty acid composition and cholesterol in sheep. This study used a total of 67 rams of 12 months with average body size of 25-30 kg, consisted of 20 heads of Javanese Fat-Tailed (JFT) sheep, 17 heads of Javanese Thin-Tailed (JTT) sheep, 10 heads of Composite Garut (CG) sheep, 10 heads of Compass Agrinak (CA) and 10 Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC) sheep. Identification of AHSG and BHMT gene polymorphisms was performed using Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method. Association of AHSG and BHMT genotypes with fatty acid traits and cholesterol was performed by T-TEST of MINITAB program. AHSG and BHMT genes were polymorphic with three genotypes (GG, GA, and AA) and genotype CC, CT, and TT, respectively. The SNP of AHSG (g.198655287 (G>A) was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, except in Composite Garut (CG), Compass Agrinak (CA) and Barbados Black Belly Cross (BC) sheep breeds while the SNP of BHMT (g.9947372 C>T) was in Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium in all sheep breeds, except in Javanese Fat-Tailed (JFT) sheep breed. The SNP g.198655287 (G>A) SNP of AHSG gene was significantly (P<0.05) associated with different saturated fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids while g. 9947372 (C>T) SNP of BHMT gene was significantly (P<0.05) associated with heptadecenoic acid (C17:1), myristoleic acid (C14:1) and stearic acid (C18:0). Individuals with AA genotype had a higher content of unsaturated fatty acids, especially monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) compared to individuals with GG genotypes, also individuals with AA genotypes had more average values of EPA compared to individuals with GG genotypes and higher content of DHA compared to individuals with GA individuals while for BHMT gene, individuals with genotype CT had higher mean value of stearic acid (C18:0), myristoleic acid (C14:1) and heptadecenoic acid (C17:1). Both genes were not significantly (P>0.05) associated with cholesterol content in all sheep breeds. SNP g. 198655287 (G>A) of AHSG gene and SNP g. 9947372 (C>T) of BHMT may be useful candidate markers for selecting and producing sheep meat having desirable and healthy fatty acids.
Keyword: Fat, meat, MUFA, Polygene, SNP, Lemak, daging, MUFA, Polygene, SNP

Judul: Characterization and Association of CFHR5 gene with Fatty Acid Composition and Cholesterol in Sheep
Abstrak: Gen Complement Factor H Related 5 (CFHR5) merupakan gen yang memiliki peran penting dalam mengatur komposisi asam lemak pada domba. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengkarakterisasi polimorfisme gen CFHR5 dan hubungannya dengan komposisi asam lemak dan kolesterol pada domba. Sebanyak 172 domba jantan terdiri dari 83 domba priangan (DP), 20 domba sapudi (DS), 20 domba jonggol (DJ) 19 domba garut (DG), 10 domba compass agrinak (DCA), 10 domba barbados cross (DBC), dan 10 domba komposit garut (DKG). Karakterisasi polimorfisme CFHR5 dianalisis menggunakan PCR-RFLP dengan enzim restriksi AciI. Ukuran amplikon yang diamati adalah 406 bp. Hasil keragaman gen CFHR5 pada semua populasi domba bersifat polimorfik dengan 3 genotipe yaitu CC, CT, dan TT. Kaitan gen CHFR5 dengan komposisi asam lemak dan kolesterol berpengaruh signifikan (P<0.05) dengan asam miristoleat (C14:1), asam ginkgoleat (C17: 1), asam tridekanoat (C13:0), dan asam heptadekanoat (C17:0). Genotipe CC adalah genotipe yang direkomendasikan karena memiliki nilai asam lemak jenuh dan kolesterol rendah. SNP gen CFHR5 c.1011C>T memiliki potensi untuk dijadikan sebagai penanda genetik untuk seleksi komposisi asam lemak jenuh dan kolesterol rendah pada domba, Complement Factor H Related 5 (CFHR5) gene is speculated to have an important role in regulating fatty acid composition in sheep. The aim of this study was to investigate the polymorphism of the CFHR5 gene and its association with fatty acid composition and cholesterol of sheep vaiety in Indonesia. A total of 172 rams from 83 priangan sheep (PS), 20 sapudi sheep (SS), 20 jonggol sheep (JS),19 Garut sheep (GS), 10 Garut composite sheep (GCS), 10 compass agrinac sheep (CAS), and 10 Barbados cross sheep (BCS) were used for this study. Identification of CFHR5 gene polymorphism were performed by Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) using AciI restriction enzyme. The results showed that the CFHR5 gene in all sheep populations were polymorphic producing three genotypes, e.g CC, CT and TT. The polymorphism had a significant effect (P<0.05) on fatty acid composition (miristoleic [C14: 1], ginkgolic [C17: 1], tridecanoic [C13:0], and heptadecanoic [C17:0] acids.) and cholesterol. The CC genotype is the preferred genotype as it exhibits reduced levels of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol. The CFHR5 gene (SNP c.1011C>T) has the potential to be used as a genetic marker for the selection of low saturated fatty acid composition and cholesterol in sheep.
Keyword: sheep, fatty acid, cholesterol, CFHR5 gene

Judul: Pemanenan Energi Listrik dari Kincir Angin Vertikal
Abstrak: Usaha pemanenan energi angin di Indonesia masih sedikit. Sampai Tahun 2016 hanya 3.54 MW alat pemanenan energi angin yang sudah terpasang. Kendala utamanya ialah dibutuhkan investasi yang besar untuk membuatnya. Pembuatan kincir angin dengan ukuran yang lebih kecil dengan bahan yang dapat dibeli di pasar lokal menjadi solusi agar pembuatan kincir angin lebih ekonomis. Pembuatan kincir vertikal tipe Savonius dapat menjadi solusinya. Kincir vertikal Savonius dapat beroperasi pada kecepatan < 3 m/s dan ketinggian < 50 m. Kincir angin ini terdiri dari tiga sistem, yaitu generator, rotor kincir dan transmisi pulley-belt. Generator dibuat dari modifikasi motor AC dan magnet neodymium. Rotor kincir dibuat dari pipa PVC 4”, pipa alumunium ¾”, dan papan polikarbonat. Transmisi pulley-belt dibuat dari plastik dan karet. Kincir ini membutuhkan gaya minimal 3 N untuk dapat berputar atau torsi minimalnya 0.75 Nm. Kecepatan angin yang dibutuhkan untuk merotasikannya sebesar 1.9 m/s. Daya maksimal yang dapat dihasilkan ialah 5.76 watt berupa tegangan sebesar 36 volt dan arus 160 mA.
Keyword: energi terbarukan, generator, motor AC, sudu Savonius