Judul: Studi Kemampuan Netralisasi Antibodi Anti AI H5N1 Asal Induk Dalam Kuning Telur Ayam Yang Divaksinasi Berbagai Vaksin AI H5N1 Komersial Terhadap Virus AI H5N1
Abstrak: The research was designed to study the capability of antibody anti H5N1 Avian Influenza from egg yolk to neutralize H5N1 AIV. Twenty five hens were divided into five groups, one group as a control group were unvaccinated and four other groups were vaccinated with H5N1 AI inactive vaccine produced by several Indonesia vaccine company. Four H5N1 AI inactive vaccine code VS, VC, VV and VM were vaccinated twice for each group with a month, interval. Group 2 were vaccinated with vaccine code VS, group 3, 4, 5 were vaccinated by vaccine code VC, VV and VM. A week after second vaccination the egg were collected and analyzed the antibody titer against H5N1 AIV by heamagglutination test using H5N1 AIV field isolates as standard virus (Nagrak (2009) and Lawang (2010)). Egg yolk which contains high antibody titer (above 26) were collected and tested against H5N1 AIV field isolates (Nagrak (2009) and Lawang (2010)) by serum neutralization test. The result showed that H5N1 AIV Nagrak (2009) isolate were neutralized by antibody anti H5N1 AIV from egg yolk produced by hens vaccinated with VS,VC,VV and VM, but Lawang (2010) isolate were only neutralized by antibody anti H5N1 AIV from egg yolk produced by hens vaccinated with VS, VC and VM. It is concluded that hens which were vaccinated with H5N1 AI inactive vaccine were able to protect their off spring against H5N1 AIV from the field by transferred maternal antibody trough the egg yolk with titer above 26 Keywords : Maternal Antibody, Antigen, Vaccine, Egg yolk. .
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Judul: Anti Avian Influenza H5N1 IgG Microcapsule Efficacy Test: In-Ovo Study Using Embryonated Chicken Eggs
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 dalam menetralkan virus Avian Influenza (AI) H5N1 isolat Indonesia melalui studi in-ovo menggunakan telur ayam berembrio (TAB). Sebanyak 6 ekor induk sapi Friesian Holstein bunting trimester akhir, dibagi menjadi kelompok kontrol (n=3; tidak divaksin) dan kelompok vaksin (n=3; divaksin). Induk sapi kelompok vaksin diinjeksi vaksin Avian Influenza (AI) H5N1 komersial (killed vaccine) sub-kutan, sebanyak 5 dosis/ekor (106 EID50/dosis) dua kali dengan interval antar vaksinasi 2 minggu, induk sapi diberi imunomodulator 0,1 mg/kg bb peroral selama 3 hari berturut-turut sebelum vaksinasi kemudian dilakukan priming dengan menyuntikkan antigen AI H5N1 in-aktif tanpa adjuvant (intravena) 3 hari berturut-turut (dosis 10 × 29 HAU/ekor). Sampel darah dikoleksi melalui vena coccygea sebelum priming (pre vaksinasi) dan 2 minggu post vaksinasi I serta II untuk dianalisis konsentrasi total protein, albumin, globulin, rasio albumin/globulin (rasio A/G) dan titer IgG anti AI H5N1. Sampel kolostrum dikoleksi segera setelah induk sapi melahirkan selama 2 hari berturut-turut dan dipreparasi melalui teknik defatting, pengendapan amonium sulfat dan dialisis untuk dikoleksi IgG anti AI H5N1 serta diukur titernya. Suspensi IgG anti AI H5N1 tersebut dimikroenkapsulasi menggunakan penyalut alginat dan kitosan dan diuji efikasinya secara in-ovo (melalui uji netralisasi metode alpha). Telur ayam berembrio dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok inokulan yaitu TAB diinokulasi virus AI H5N1 pengenceran 10-4 sampai 10-8 (n=5/pengenceran), TAB diinokulasi virus AI H5N1 pengenceran 10-4 sampai 10-8 yang ditambahkan mikrokapsul tanpa IgG anti AI H5N1 (n=5/pengenceran), TAB diinokulasi virus AI H5N1 pengenceran 10-4 sampai 10-8 yang ditambahkan mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 (n=5/pengenceran). Selama 4 hari dilakukan pengamatan terhadap TAB dan koleksi cairan alantois (hari ke-5) untuk uji aglutinasi cepat, penghitungan titer infektif 50% (EID50), indeks netralisasi (IN) dan konfirmasi keberadaan virus melalui uji reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada konsentrasi total protein, albumin, globulin dan rasio A/G baik antar kelompok maupun antar waktu pengamatan (p>0,05). Hiperimunisasi induk sapi bunting dengan vaksin AI H5N1 berhasil menginduksi pembentukan antibodi anti AI H5N1 dalam darah dan kolostrum (titer 27,3 pada 100% induk sapi). Hasil uji netralisasi pada mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 dapat menetralisasi virus AI H5N1 titer 107,83 EID50/mL dengan IN 7,83 dan pada mikrokapsul tanpa IgG anti AI H5N1 dengan IN sebesar 1,09. Hasil deteksi keberadaan gen virus AI H5N1 dengan RT-PCR dari cairan alantois TAB yang diinokulasi virus AI H5N1 dan ditambahkan mikrokapsul IgG anti AI H5N1 ditemukan adanya gen H5 yang menunjukkan bahwa virus AI H5N1 masih berada dalam cairan alantois namun tidak bereplikasi, yang diindikasikan dari hasil negatif uji aglutinasi cepat. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa mikrokapsul yang berisi IgG anti AI H5N1 mampu menetralisasi virus AI H5N1 secara sempurna., This study aims to evaluate the ability of the anti AI H5N1 IgG microcapsule in neutralizing the Indonesian isolate Avian Influenza (AI) H5N1 virus through an in-ovo study using embryonated chicken eggs (ECE). A total of 6 cows of Friesian Holstein were pregnant in the final trimester, divided into the control group (n=3; not vaccinated) and the vaccine group (n=3; vaccinated). Cows in the vaccine group were injected with the commercial H5N1
Keyword: Avian Influenza, Immunoglobulin G, Microencapsulation, Neutralization test, In-ovo

Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
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