Judul: HACCP of Pouch-Packed Commercial Sterile Meat Rendang Products and Hazard Analysis of Other Rendang Products
Abstrak: CV CPJ merupakan produsen produk pangan olahan steril komersial, menghadapi tantangan dalam penerapan sistem keamanan pangan yang memadai. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi proses produksi rendang daging steril komersial, menyusun dokumen Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) untuk produk rendang daging, dan menganalisis bahaya pada produk rendang lain menggunakan dokumen HACCP rendang daging sebagai acuan. Penyusunan dokumen HACCP mengikuti standar terbaru Codex CXC 1-1969 General Principle of Food Hygiene revisi 2022. Metode penelitian meliputi observasi proses produksi, wawancara dengan supervisor produksi, serta analisis data primer dan sekunder. Proses sterilisasi ditetapkan sebagai Critical Control Point (CCP) dengan batas kritis pada suhu 110°C selama 86 menit. Sistem pemantauan dilakukan pada proses sterilisasi di ruang produksi menggunakan termometer dan timer oleh operator. Tindakan koreksi dilakukan dengan melebihkan waktu sterilisasi sesuai perhitungan ulang berdasarkan rekomendasi model yang dimiliki, pengecekan alat sebelum pemakaian, dan melakukan perawatan secara berkala. Verifikasi dengan uji validasi kecukupan panas. Sistem dokumentasi dengan membuat logbook suhu dan waktu sterilisasi, dokumen hasil kalibrasi termometer serta hasil uji kecukupan panas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan penyesuaian dokumen HACCP produk rendang daging terhadap produk rendang lain pada parameter bahan saja sehingga belum dinyatakan sepenuhnya dapat diterapkan pada produk rendang lainnya., CV CPJ, a producer of commercially sterile processed food products, faces challenges in implementing an adequate food safety system. This study aims to identify the production process of commercially sterile beef rendang, develop a Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) document for beef rendang, and analyze hazards in other rendang products using this document as a reference. The HACCP preparation follows the latest Codex CXC 1-1969 General Principles of Food Hygiene, revised in 2022. Research methods include production process observation, interviews with production supervisors, primary and secondary data analysis. The sterilization process is designated as the Critical Control Point (CCP) with a critical limit of 110 °C for 86 minutes. Monitoring is conducted during sterilization using thermometers and timers by operators. Corrective actions involve extending sterilization time based on model-recommended recalculations, pre-use equipment checks, and regular maintenance. Verification is done through heat adequacy validation tests. Documentation includes creating sterilization temperature and time logbooks, thermometer calibration documents, and heat adequacy test results. This study shows that adjusting the beef rendang HACCP document to other rendang products only accounts for ingredient parameters; thus, it cannot be fully applied to other rendang products.
Keyword: food safety, HACCP, beef rendang, commercial sterilization

Judul: Application Analysis of GMP and SSOP Principle in Commercially Sterilized Beef “Rendang” Produced and Preparation of HACCP Plan in CV XYZ
Abstrak: Penerapan sistem keamanan pangan dalam produksi pangan merupakan persyaratan wajib yang harus diterapkan oleh pelaku usaha untuk menjamin keamanan produk. CV XYZ merupakan kelompok industri skala kecil yang memproduksi rendang daging sebagai produk komersial. Rendang daging yang dihasilkan merupakan produk berisiko tinggi, karena termasuk kelompok pangan berasam rendah yang memiliki pH>4.6 dan aw>0.85. Persyaratan Cara Produksi Pangan Olahan yang Baik (CPPOB) dan Standard Sanitation Operating Procedure (SSOP) sudah diterapkan pada CV XYZ. Evaluasi penerapan CPPOB dan SSOP yang menjadi Prerequisite Program (PRP) perlu dilakukan untuk dapat mempersiapkan penerapan Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) Produk CV XYZ. Metode penelitian dilakukan dengan cara mengamati langsung di lapangan mengenai proses pembuatan rendang daging,analisis penerapan CPPOB dan SSOP, serta penyusunan manual HACCP. Tahap proses pembuatan rendang daging terdiri dari Penerimaan bahan, thawing, pencucian, pengupasan, penggilingan, penakaran, pemasakan, pengemasan primer, pemvakuman, sterilisasi ,pengemasan sekunder, dan pendistribusian. Analisis penerapan GMP pangan steril komersial menunjuk-kan CV XYZ berada pada level IV. Analisis penerapan SSOP di CV XYZ memiliki persentase penyimpangan 29,5% yang berarti penerapannya kurang memenuhi. Dalam penyusunan manual HACCP yang termasuk tahapan CCP, yaitu pencucian bahan, sterilisasi dan pendinginan., The application of a food safety system in the production of products is a mandatory thing that must be applied to ensure product safety. CV XYZ is a small food enterprise that produces commercially sterilized beef rendang. The beef rendang produced is a high-risk product that has pH>4.6 and aw>0.85. The Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) and Standard Sanitation Operating Procedure (SSOP) principles have been applied in CV XYZ. Evaluation of the GMP and SSOP principles which is a prerequisite program (PRP) must be fulfilled before Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point (HACCP) is implemented. The research method was carried out by observing the processing of sterilized beef rendang, analysing the application of GMP and SSOP, and preparing the HACCP Plan document. The stage of the process of making beef rendang consisted of receiving materials, thawing, washing, stripping, milling, measuring, cooking, primary packaging, vacuuming, sterilizing, secondary packaging, and distribution. The results showed that GMP application was at level IV. Analysis of the application of SSOP had a deviation percentage of 29.5%, which means that the SSOP implementation was not satisfactorily complied. The critical control point of sterilized beef rendang was in the processing step of material washing, sterilization and cooling after sterilization.
Keyword: Analisis, CPPOB, SSOP, HACCP, rendang daging sapi

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4