Judul: Efisiensi Produksi Usaha Garam Rakyat di Kabupaten Indramayu
Abstrak: Indramayu is one of salt production center in West Java with character of having higher rainfall. Some problems faced by Indramayu, such as low farm gate price and fluctuating production level. These problems have caused farmers do not get any profit or having business inefficiency and higher business cost. The aims of the research carried out are (1) to identify the production factors that affecting the salt production, (2) to analyse the resources of efficient production techniques, (3) to analyse the economic and allocation efficency level of of salt production in Indramayu. Data was collected from 100 farmers, divided into 3 groups based on tenurial ownership (selected by multistage sampling technique and analysed using statistic inferencial) with production function Cobb-Douglas stochastic-frontier and cost function. The probability of OLS resulted RTS which salt production in increasing return to scale area where RTS of cash-rent farmers 2.670, share-rent farmers 1.350 and farmers owner-tenant 1.153. Farm size is the most responsive production factor to increase the production level. Technical and allocation inefficiency affected the salt production as described by estimation of gamma which significant in each of farmer’s type. The parameter of gamma shows 80.1%, 99% of output variances of salt business among the cash-rent farmers, share-rent and owner-tenant farmers is the difference in technical efficiency. The result of research also showed that increasing of farm size, income and access of capital loan in labour-farmer, significantly causing the efficiency increasement. The use of additives could also increase the efficiency of self-own farmers. The average of technical efficinecy is 68% in scale of 0.7 and the rest is under this scale. The allocation efficiency level is only 5% out of total samples which is dominated by farmers owner-tenant. With optimalisation test of production input through ratio of product marginal value of cost (in output price Rp. 450/kg), showed that the land and human resource factor is more than 1 which means it is needed to add farm size and human resources quality. The phenomena of high technical efficiency and low allocation and economic efficiency is the characters of agribusiness which still has problem in high price production input and low output price. By reducing the level of fuel for providing the sea water, it is able to increase the allocation efficiency of salt production. The farmers could do substitution by using the low cost technology of sea water supplier. The policy of extensification of salt-farm is one of strategies to increase the salt production and the intensification policy is improvement of infrastructures and technologies that could increase the production quantities with the available land
Keyword: 

Judul: Kajian Efektivitas Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat di Desa Losarang, Kecamatan Losarang, Kabupaten Indramayu
Abstrak: An ironic thing that Indonesia as maritime country have insufficiency salt problem. Salt is strategic commodities that can be easily produced by evaporation of sea water and policy salts have been issued since the Dutch colonial era. In 2011 the Government of Indonesia make toward self sufficiency salt policy. This research was aimed to analyze the implementation efectivity of Salt Business Empowerment Program (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat or PUGAR). PUGAR is the Government Program to achieve Salt Production Target and increasing the salt farmer welfare. The research design used purposive and snowball sampling to select 70 respondent in Losarang Village at Indramayu. The data were analyzed by using Quantitative Analysis, Qualitative Analysis, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) and MAHP (Modified Analytical Hierarchy Process) . The result showed PUGAR (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat) in Losarang implemented with effectiveness. This is indicated by salt production target achieved and increasing the salt farmer welfare. Implementation PUGAR make salt productivity in Losarang 90,43 ton/ha, increasing salt farmer income, empower 17 the People's Business Group Salt (Kelompok Usaha Garam Rakyat or KUGAR) with the amount of 170 salt farmers, give technological innovation and quality salt production and give job for 778 people as salt farmers, farm workers and transport workers. Obtained result Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) of salt bussiness is 2,608 and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) is 2,673. Moreover the research calculate salt business feasibility that known from B/C ratio > 1, business profit margin, appropriate salt area owned by farmers, business gap analysis of salt and break even analysis. Break even analysis to determine the selling price of the large volume of salt and salt production business people to reach the point of no profit and no loss (break even).
Keyword: 

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology