Judul: Perkembangan oosit karang lunak Sarcophyton crassocaule  hasil fragmentasi di gosong pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu, Jakarta
Abstrak: Sarcophyton sp. merupakan salah satu dari beberapa jenis karang lunak yang saat ini menjadi pusat perhatian di bidang famasi . Sarcophyton crassocaule mengandung bioaktif yang mengandung senyawa terpen yang memi-liki banyak fungsi diantaranya sebagai antimikroba, antikanker, antitumor, dan anti inflammantori. Potensi yang dimiliki oleh Sarcophyton crassocaule memi-cu adanya kekhawatiran terganggunya keseimbangan alam karena pengambilan untuk skala produksi masal dari Sarcophyton sp. yang dapat menyebabkan keru-sakan ekosistem bahkan kepunahan dari spesies ini, maka dilakukanlah kegiatan fragmentasi karang lunak tersebut untuk memperbanyak jumlah koloni dari ka-rang lunak.
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Judul: Kajian perkembangan oosit karang lunak Lobophytum strictum non fragmentasi dan fragmentasi buatan di Pulau Pramuka, Kepulauan Seribu
Abstrak: Karang lunak belakangan ini mendapat perhatian serius dari para ahli biokimia karena senyawa bioaktif yang dihasilkan sangat bermanfaat terutama dalam dunia kesehatan, diantaranya dapat digunakan untuk anti peradangan, anti bakteri dan anti jamur serta anti kanker. Saat ini pemanfaatan karang lunak untuk memperoleh senyawa bioaktif dilakukan dengan mengambil langsung dari alam sehingga dikhawatirkan akan menimbulkan penurunan populasi karang lunak. Kegiatan budidaya dengan metode fragmentasi yaitu suatu metode yang memanfaatkan kemampuan karang lunak untuk memperbanyak koloni secara aseksual dari potongan atau patahan koloni, merupakan usaha penyediaan karang lunak di alam. Karang lunak Lobophytum termasuk karang lunak yang memiliki potensi senyawa bioaktif, oleh sebab itu dilakukan kegiatan budidaya Lobophytum strictum. Penelitian mengenai reproduksi seksual karang lunak hasil fragmentasi dengan mengamati perkembangan gametnya perlu dilakukan guna menunjang pengembangan budidaya Lobophytum strictum. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji perkembangan gamet terhadap fase bulan Qomariyah pada karang lunak Lobophytum strictum non fragmentasi dan fragmentasi dan mengkaji pengaruh fragmentasi dan kedalaman lokasi fragmentasi terhadap reproduksi seksual karang lunak Lobophytum strictum. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan pada bulan Mei dan bulan Juli 2009 saat umur fragmentasi mencapai 8 dan 10 bulan berdasarkan fase bulan Qomariyah. Setiap pengambilan sampel diwakili dengan 3 cabang koloni yang diambil secara acak dari koloni karang lunak non fragmentasi dan hasil fragmentasi pada kedalaman 3 dan 12 meter. Pembuatan preparat histologis dari sampel karang lunak dilakukan dengan metode parafin, kemudian jaringan karang lunak dipotong dengan ketebalan ± 5μm dan diwarnai dengan pewarna ganda Hematoksilin Eosin (Gunarso, 1989 dan Kiernan, 1990). Pengamatan preparat histologi dilakukan dengan mengamati tahap perkembangan oosit, jumlah rata-rata oosit per lapang pandang, dan diameter oosit. Data jumlah rata-rata oosit kemudian dianalisis secara statistik dengan uji-F dan uji-t pada selang kepercayaan 95%.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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