Judul: The Application of GIS and Remote Sensing for Determining Sensitive Area Based On Geological Hazard Perspectives
Abstrak: Geological hazards is hazard which is usually classified as geological: earthquakes, faulting, tsunamis, volcanoes, avalanches, landslides, and floods. It is a well known fact that geological hazard disaster strikes countries, causes enormous destruction and creates human sufferings and produces negative impacts on national economies. Due to diverse geo-climatic conditions prevalent in different parts of the globe, different types of geological hazard disaster strikes according to vulnerability of the area. Worldwide growth of population and particularly concentration of man and his works into urban areas, has heightened such treats to level where large-scale, and often costly, planning to reduce the hazard has become essential in many country. By using GIS and Remote sensing technology to determine sensitive area based on geological hazard persepectives, constitute the new point of view in performing hte research. Remote sensing can enable geomorphic study of areas that are inacessible to field-investigation and GIS can performing spatial analysis by an unique way. Such conducting unsupervised to determine settlement area, generating slope from satellite imagery and with GIS all result can be map and analysis by using spatial analysis. To develop knowledge base which will use as an input for decision support system. The core and simultaneously benefit of this research is the capabilities of GIS and Remote Sensing technology that can help geoscientist especially geologist to capture, manipulate and analyze of information about an object without physical contact as preliminary survey (reconnaissance), mainly for geomorphic study of areas that are inaccesible to field-base investigation. Moreover, by utilizing the available sources of data (data provider) GIS and Remote Sensing can be used more effective and efficient compared to the current or traditional methods for interpreting extremely large cover research area. The sensitive area in research area, occupied by volcanic and sedimentary breccias, conglomerate, sandstone, limestone, claystone and alluvium, with slope controlled bigger than 15%. In some places, its also occupied by igneous rock with slope controlled bigger dan 50%, particularly the area with dominantly contrlolled by geologic structure. Determination concerning unstable zone in term of ‘sensitive area’ in research area immensely supported by principal component analysis in determining iron-oxide and clay-hydroxyl (alteration zone) combined with geomorphological interpretation (geology structure & drainage pattern), slope and rock characteristics weighting. There are 215 villages in Banten and West Java province which occupied sensitive area, thus detail field-investigation can be focused concerning those areas.
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Judul: Spatial Multi Criteria Analysis for Mud Volcano Vulnerable Area in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java Province
Abstrak: Managing an area for further planning requires information on risk level of area from natural hazard. Since May 29th 2006, a sea of hot mud has been gushing from the ground in Sidoarjo, East Java which caused economic, social, health and environmental impacts. Determining vulnerable area of hot mud volcano is important to provide information on the extent of the areas affected by the hazard. Vulnerability analysis requires set of factors determining dangerous level of particular area from a defined hazard source. Vulnerability analysis for natural hazard also deals with vagueness arising from expert judgment on related parameters. The objectives of this research were to develop multi-criteria evaluation method using fuzzy analysis approach for mud volcano vulnerable area and to develop mud volcano vulnerable map using proposed method. This research handles imprecision and subjectiveness involved in expert knowledge by using Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). The alpha cut analysis and lambda function was performed in Fuzzy AHP process to assess the confidence level of experts about their preference. The method was then applied to generate mud volcano vulnerability for settlement area in Sidoarjo. The criteria used in the evaluation consist of subsidence, bubble gases, mud flooded and water quality. The experts that give their judgment in form of Pairwise Comparison Matrix (PCM) represent all elements of the society such as The National Sidoarjo Mudflow Mitigation Team (BPLS), Settlement Agency of Sidoarjo, Centre of Environmental Geology, academic disaster researchers and the public as a victim of Lapindo mud. Having established Fuzzy AHP to obtain criterion performance, the spatial analysis was done by applying this performance to criterion layer to create vulnerability area. The sensitivity analysis of the method was analyzed by using alpha cut (values 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8) and lambda function (values 0, 0.5 and 1). Performing these alpha cut and lambda value showed the highest sensitivity could be observed at alpha 0.4 and lambda 0. The comparison of vulnerability map resulted from applying Fuzzy AHP method at 100% confidence level with impacted area prepared by BPLS showed that these two maps have different class of vulnerability. The result of multi-criteria analysis showed that settlement areas located in impacted area were mostly categorized as high and moderate vulnerable class, while impacted area prepared by BPLS was categorized as high hazardous area. However, the surface area of the merged class Z1 and Z2 from vulnerability analysis covered area was almost same with impacted area prepared by BPLS.
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Judul: Quail Blood Cholesterol Levels (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) On Starters, Growers and Layers phase
Abstrak: Cholesterol is one of fat formation components which is also the main sterol in animal tissues. Therefore its presence are contributing to development and growth of the body. This study aimed to determine blood cholesterol levels and body weight of quail in the starter,grower and layer phases, which were taken at the age of 18 days, 25 days and 330 days. The quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) used were ten tails of the starter phase, grower phase and layer phase. Blood cholesterol levels were measured using a NESCO MultiCheck 3 in 1 tool and body weight was calculated using a digital scale. Cholesterol levels decreased from the starter (158,40 mg/dL) phase to the grower phase (123,00 mg/dL) and increased again in the layer phase (219,6 mg/dL). The highest blood cholesterol value was obtained in the layer phase. The body weight over time continued to experience an increase and the increase in body weight from the starter to the layer phase was not followed by an increase in cholesterol levels. Cholesterol levels are used according to their physiological needs, Kolesterol merupakan salah satu komponen pembentuk lemak yang juga merupakan sterol utama dalam jaringan hewan, oleh karena itu kehadirannya memberikan kontribusi untuk perkembangan dan pertumbuhan tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kadar kolesterol darah dan bobot badan burung puyuh pada fase starter, grower dan layer, yang diambil pada umur 18 hari, 25 hari dan 330 hari. Burung puyuh (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) yang digunakan sebanyak sepuluh ekor pada masing-masing fase starter, fase grower dan fase layer. Kadar kolesterol darah diukur menggunakan alat NESCO MultiCheck 3 in 1 dan berat badan dihitung menggunakan timbangan digital. Kadar kolesterol menurun dari fase starter (158,40 mg/dL) ke fase grower(123,00 mg/dL) dan meningkat lagi pada fase layer(219,6 mg/dL). Nilai kolesterol darah tertinggi diperoleh pada fase layer. Bobot badan dari waktu ke waktu terus mengalami peningkatan yang dan peningkatan bobot badan dari fase starter ke fase layer tidak diikuti dengan peningkatan kadar kolesterol yang artinya bobot badan tidak berpengaruh pada kadar kolesterol burung puyuh. Kadar kolesterol digunakan sesuai dengan kebutuhan fisiologisnya
Keyword: blood cholesterol, maintenance phase, quail