Judul: Pengaruh Konsentrasi Adsorben dan Waktu Bleaching pada Pemurnian Minyak Ikan Nila (Oreochromis sp.)
Abstrak: Tilapia fish oil (Oreochromis sp.) which is produced by the home industry from fish fillet waste is still in the form of crude oil which has low quality so it needs to be purified. Fish oil extraction was carried out using the wet rendering method, then proceeded to the purification stage using neutralization and bleaching. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of magnesol XL adsorbent and the length of time for adsorption in the bleaching process for refining tilapia oil (Oreochromis sp.) to produce fish oil according to the International Fish Oil Standard (IFOS). The oxidation parameters of tilapia crude oil were not in accordance with IFOS with free fatty acids 5.52%, acid number 10.62 mg KOH/g, peroxide number 17.31 mEq/kg, anisidin number 11.23 mEq/kg, and total oxidation 45.86 mEq/kg. The oxidation parameters of pure tilapia fish oil in the best treatment, namely the addition of 3% adsorbent and a bleaching time of 15 minutes had a free fatty acid value of 1.31%, an acid number of 2.6 mg KOH/g, a peroxide value of 4.3 mEq/kg, an acid number of 4.3 mEq/kg anisidin 7.63 mEq/kg, and total oxidation 16.23 mEq/kg., Minyak ikan nila (Oreochromis sp.) yang diproduksi oleh industri rumah tangga dari limbah fillet ikan masih berupa minyak kasar yang memiliki kualitas rendah sehingga perlu dilakukan pemurnian. Ekstraksi minyak ikan dilakukan menggunakan metode wet rendering, kemudian dilanjutkan ke tahap pemurnian menggunakan netralisasi dan bleaching. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menentukan konsentrasi terbaik adsorben magnesol XL dan lama waktu adsorpsi pada proses bleaching pemurnian minyak ikan nila (Oreochromis sp.) hingga menghasilkan minyak ikan yang sesuai standar International Fish Oil Standard (IFOS). Parameter oksidasi minyak kasar ikan nila belum sesuai IFOS dengan asam lemak bebas 5.52%, bilangan asam 10.62 mg KOH/g, bilangan peroksida 17.31 mEq/kg, bilangan anisidin 11.23 mEq/kg, dan total oksidasi 45.86 mEq/kg. Parameter oksidasi minyak ikan nila murni pada perlakuan terbaik yaitu penambahan adsorben 3% dan waktu bleaching selama 15 menit memiliki nilai asam lemak bebas 1.31%, bilangan asam 2.6 mg KOH/g, bilangan peroksida 4.3 mEq/kg, bilangan anisidin 7.63 mEq/kg, dan total oksidasi 16.23 mEq/kg.
Keyword: adsorbent, IFOS, fish oil, purification

Judul: Pemucatan Minyak Ikan dari Hasil Samping Industri Penepungan Ikan Menggunakan Zeolit dan Bleaching Earth
Abstrak: Minyak ikan sebagai hasil samping industri penepungan ikan merupakan bahan yang berpotensi untuk dimanfaatkan kembali apabila mengalami proses pengolahan lebih lanjut. Hal yang dapat dilakukan adalah proses pemucatan. Studi ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas minyak ikan sebelum dan setelah penambahan adsorben, mendapatkan informasi kondisi proses pemucatan terbaik, mengetahui pengaruh jenis dan konsentrasi terbaik dari adsorben terhadap kualitas minyak ikan, mendapatkan adsorben dan konsentrasi terbaik. Minyak ikan kasar dilakukan penimbangan dan dipanaskan. Kemudian, pada saat suhu telah mencapai 55-60 oC ditambahkan adsorben dengan berbagai konsentrasi. Minyak kemudian dipanaskan kembali dan diaduk pada suhu 80 oC selama 30 menit. Setelah itu, minyak disentrifugasi pada 6500 rpm selama 20 menit. Jenis dan adsorben terbaik untuk proses pemucatan diperoleh menggunakan adsorben zeolit dengan konsentrasi 5%. Interaksi jenis dan konsentrasi adsorben berpengaruh secara signifikan pada setiap parameter uji rendemen, densitas, viskositas, kadar asam lemak bebas, bilangan asam, bilangan peroksida, bilangan total oksidasi dan bilangan p-anisidin terhadap kualitas minyak ikan., As a by-product of the fish meal processing byproduct industry, fish oil is a material that has the potential to be reused if it undergoes further processing. What can be done is the bleaching process. This study aims to determine the quality of fish oil before and after the addition of adsorbent, obtain information on the best bleaching process conditions, determine the effect of the best type and concentration of adsorbent on the quality of fish oil, obtain the best adsorbent and concentration. Crude fish oil is weighed and heated. Then, when the temperature has reached 55- 60 oC, adsorbents with various concentrations are added. The oil was then reheated and stirred at 80 oC for 30 minutes. After that, the oil was centrifuged at 6500 rpm for 20 minutes. The best type and adsorbent for the bleaching process was obtained using zeolite adsorbent with a concentration of 5%. The interaction of adsorbent type and concentration significantly affected each test parameter of yield, density, viscosity, free fatty acid content, acid number, peroxide number, total oxidation number, and p-anisidine number on the quality of fish oil.
Keyword: fish oil, bleaching, zeolite, bleaching earth

Judul: Modelling and simulating spatial distribution pattern of urban growth using integration of gis and cellular automata
Abstrak: This research has a purpose to study and develop a model that can representing and simulating spatial distribution pattern of urban growth in Bandung Area. Integration of GIS and Cellular automata modelling was used to develop the urban growth simulation model. GIS with spatial analysis used to prepare and process necessary data that are later incorporated into CA-based model. Analyze of markov chain change detection during 1991-2007 in Bandung area was done to analyze and detection trend probability conversion from Paddy field, Plantation, shrub and forest into built up-area. The result was shown that the largest increase of built-up area for each year development is the result from land conversion of paddy field into built-up area. Radial sprawl for built-up area development was impact to conversion from Paddy field to built-up area and make paddy field
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