Judul: Indeks Glikemik Gula Lontar Cair, Cetak, dan Kristal.
Abstrak: Gula lontar merupakan bahan pemanis yang dihasilkan dari pengolahan nira pohon palma lontar (Borassus flabellifera Lin). Gula ini terdiri dari tiga jenis, yaitu bentuk cair, cetak, dan kristal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui nilai indeks glikemik gula lontar dalam bentuk cair, cetak, dan kristal. Berdasarkan analisis proksimat dan gula sederhana, gula kristal memiliki kadar abu, protein, lemak, karbohidrat, dan sukrosa yang tertinggi. Gula cetak memiliki kadar serat pangan yang tertinggi. Gula cair memilki kadar air, glukosa, dan fruktosa yang tertinggi. Nilai indeks glikemik gula lontar cair, cetak dan kristal secara berturut-turut yaitu sebesar 48.93, 49.99, dan 54.48. Uji t sampel bebas menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang bermakna pada indeks glikemik ketiga jenis gula lontar (p > 0.05). Hasil uji organoleptik menunjukkan bahwa karakteristik organoleptik yang disukai diantaranya beraroma agak khas, bertekstur agak kental/ lunak/ agak halus, berwarna kuning kecoklatan, dan berasa manis. Gula lontar kristal merupakan jenis gula yang paling dapat diterima berdasarkan pembobotan kesukaan panelis dan mutu hedonik.
Keyword: Indeks Glikemik Gula Lontar Cair, Cetak, Kristal

Judul: Indeks Glikemik Gula Kelapa Cetak, Kristal, dan Cair.
Abstrak: Gula kelapa adalah gula yang dihasilkan dari nira pohon kelapa. Gula dari nira palma umumnya memiliki nilai indeks glikemik yang lebih rendah dibandingkan dari nira tebu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai indeks glikemik gula kelapa cetak, kristal, dan cair. Berdasarkan analisis proksimat gula kelapa cair memiliki kadar air tertinggi (24.61 %bb), sedangkan gula kelapa kristal memiliki kadar air terendah (3.78 %bb). Kadar karbohidrat gula kelapa kristal lebih tinggi yaitu 91.70 %bb dibandingkan gula kelapa cetak dan cair (88.55 %bb dan 71.69 %bb). Kadar glukosa dan sukrosa gula kelapa cair lebih tinggi dibandingkan gula kelapa cetak dan kristal, sedangkan kadar sukrosanya lebih rendah dibandingkan kedua jenis gula kelapa lainnya. Nilai indeks glikemik (IG) gula kelapa dihitung berdasarkan luas area dibawah kurva pada kurva respon glukosa darah 10 orang responden dengan metode IAUC. Nilai IG gula kelapa cetak tergolong kategori IG sedang (67), sementara gula kelapa kristal dan cair tergolong IG rendah (52 dan 54). Uji t-test menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan (p > 0.05) antara indeks glikemik ketiga jenis gula kelapa. Berdasarkan hasil pembobotan uji organoleptik diketahui gula kelapa kristal merupakan gula yang paling diterima dengan total skor 13.93 dari skor maksimum 20.
Keyword: fruktosa, glukosa, gula kelapa, IG rendah, uji organoleptik

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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