Judul: Evaluation of Flood Hazard Index (FHI) Parameter Weight In Mapping Flood Hazard Areas In Citarum Hulu Watershed
Abstrak: Bencana hidrometeorologi terutama banjir merupakan bencana yang sering terjadi di Indonesia. Banjir akan semakin parah apabila telah memasuki wilayah pemukiman penduduk. DAS Citarum Hulu merupakan salah satu daerah aliran sungai prioritas di Indonesia yang memerlukan upaya mitigasi terhadap sebuah bencana banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dan memetakan daerah bahaya banjir di DAS Citarum Hulu menggunakan pendekatan Flood Hazard Index (FHI). FHI dihitung berdasarkan tujuh parameter yaitu topografi, kelerengan, akumulasi aliran permukaan, intensitas hujan, jarak dari sungai, geologi, dan tutupan lahan yang diberikan bobot menggunakan pendekatan bobot sama dan Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa bobot parameter FHI dengan pendekatan AHP tertinggi adalah intensitas hujan sebesar 1,911 dan bobot terendah adalah topografi sebesar 0,294. Berdasarkan perhitungan menggunakan metode FHI, maka DAS Citarum Hulu didominasi oleh tingkat bahaya banjir sedang. Nilai akurasi FHI menggunakan pendekatan bobot sama sebesar 85,8% dan pendekatan AHP sebesar 87,3%. Hasil ini memberikan gambaran tingkat bahaya banjir yang dapat digunakan oleh pengampu dan pengambil kebijakan dalam perencanaan sumberdaya air wilayah.
Keyword: Analytical Hierarchy Process, Banjir, Citarum Hulu, Flood Hazard Index

Judul: Assessment of Potential Flood Hazards Based on the Multi-Criteria Flood Hazard Index (FHI) Model (Case Study: Lower Bengawan Solo Watershed)
Abstrak: DAS Bengawan Solo Hilir merupakan wilayah yang kerap dilanda bencana banjir sehingga perlu dilakukan pemetaan potensi daerah bahaya banjir sebagai langkah awal penanggulangan. Penelitian ini bertujuan memetakan potensi daerah bahaya banjir di DAS Bengawan Solo Hilir dan mengetahui faktor yang memengaruhinya. Pemetaan ini dilakukan menggunakan Flood Hazard Index (FHI) dengan bobot Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), bobot efektif untuk analisis sensitivitas (FHIS), dan bobot sama (FHIW). Hasil menunjukkan bahwa intensitas hujan memiliki bobot AHP tertinggi sebesar 3,14. FHI memiliki rentang nilai 21,56−81,34 didominasi kelas bahaya sedang (26,43%), FHIS memiliki rentang nilai 22,93−94,73 didominasi kelas bahaya sedang (33,96%), dan FHIW memiliki rentang nilai 22,88−82,94 didominasi kelas bahaya sedang (37,59%). Potensi bahaya banjir kelas tinggi dan sangat tinggi berada di sepanjang aliran Sungai Bengawan Solo dan sebagian besar tersebar di Kabupaten Bojonegoro. Hasil validasi menunjukkan FHIW memiliki persentase validitas tertinggi yang mengindikasikan adanya human error ketika menentukan bobot AHP. Berdasarkan hasil tersebut dapat diketahui bahwa intensitas hujan merupakan faktor utama yang memengaruhi kejadian banjir di DAS Bengawan Solo Hilir dan pemetaan potensi bahaya banjir dapat direpresentasikan menggunakan metode FHI dengan proses pembobotan yang tepat., The Lower Bengawan Solo Watershed is prone to frequent flooding, necessitating the mapping of flood hazard areas as a crucial step in mitigation strategies. This study utilizes the Flood Hazard Index (FHI) with an Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) weight approach, effective weight for sensitivity analysis (FHIS), and equal weights (FHIW) to map potential flood hazard areas and identify influencing factors. Rain intensity is the most significant factor, with an AHP weight of 3,14. The FHI results range from 21,56−81,34, predominantly in the moderate hazard class (26,43%). FHIS values range from 22,93−94,73, with a dominance in the moderate hazard class (33,96%), while FHIW ranges from 22,88−82,94, predominantly in the moderate danger class (37,59%). High and very high flood hazard potentials are concentrated along the Bengawan Solo River, particularly in Bojonegoro Regency. Validation indicates that FHIW has the highest validity percentage, suggesting human error in determining AHP weights. In conclusion, rain intensity stands out as the primary factor influencing flood events in the Lower Bengawan Solo Watershed, and the FHI method, coupled with an appropriate weighting process, effectively represents the mapping of potential flood hazards.
Keyword: analytical hierarchy process, flood hazard index, flood hazard potency, lower bengawan solo watershed

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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