Judul: Kajian Pembuatan Yoghurt  Susu Jagung Sebagai Minuman Probiotik dengan Menggunakan  Campuran Kultur Lactobacillus delbruekii subsp bulgaricus, Streptococcus salivarus subsp. thermophilus dan Lactobacillus casei subsp rhamnosus
Abstrak: Pada penelitian ini, pembuatan yoghurt dilakukan dengan mengkombinasikan susu sapi murni dan susu jagung. Hal ini didukung oleh fakta bahwa pemanfaatan jagung di Indonesia tahun 2006 mencapai 12.136.798 ton. Angka ini menunjukkan kenaikan sekitar 3 juta ton dari tahun 2002 yang hanya mencapai 93654.105 ton. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini merupakan salah satu upaya untuk memperluas pemanfaatan produksi jagung Indonesia. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahapan, yaitu Tahap I dan Tahap II. Pada penelitian Tahap I dilakukan pemanasan susu jagung dan penambahan susu murni kedalam susu jagung. Pemansan Susu jagung bertujuan untuk menentukan volume penguapan susu agar mencapai total padatan yang diinginkan dan pati tergelatinisasi.
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Judul: Pembuatan soygurt sinbiotik dengan menggunakan kultur campuran : Bifidobacterium bifidum, Streptococcus thermophilus dan Lactobacillus casei galur Shirota
Abstrak: Soygurt adalah suatu produk fermentasi dari susu kedelai. Substitusi susu pi dengan susu kedelai dilakukan karena susu kedelai mempunyai kandungan tein yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan susu sapi. Selain itu harga susu edelai lebih murah dibandingkan susu sapi sehingga masyarakat dapat emperoleh pangan sumber protein dengan harga yang lebih murah. Kelebihan. lain dari susu kedelai adalah bebas kolesterol dan mengandung beberapa jenis oligosakarida seperti raffinosa dan stakiosa yang digolongkan sebagai pangan prebiotik. Kultur bakteri asam laktat yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Streptococcus thermophilus dan dua kultur bakteri probiotik yaitu Bifidobacterium bifidum dan Lactobacillus casei galur Shirota. Penggunaan Streptococcus thermophilus disini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan rasa asam yang optimum sehingga dihasilkan produk yang benar-benar menyerupai yogurt. Sedangkan pemanfaatan bakteri probiotik bertujuan untuk menciptakan kesehatan dan kebugaran bagi mikroflora usus. Karena adanya kandungan prebiotik dan probiotik dalam satu produk, maka soygurt dalam penelitian ini disebut soygurt sinbiotik.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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