Judul: Design of a Real-Time Temperature and Meat Quality Monitoring System Based on Internet of Things during Distribution at PT XYZ
Abstrak: Agroindustri memiliki peran penting dalam mengolah hasil produk pertanian, termasuk daging sapi yang memiliki nilai ekonomi tinggi namun mudah rusak. Untuk menjaga kualitas daging sapi selama distribusi, PT XYZ menghadapi tantangan dalam pengawasan suhu dan kualitas produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan merancang sistem monitoring suhu dan kualitas daging secara real-time menggunakan teknologi Internet of Things (IoT) untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Metode penelitian mencakup eksplorasi masalah, pendefinisian masalah, ideasi solusi, pengembangan prototipe, serta uji dan validasi sistem. Pada tahap eksplorasi, ditemukan bahwa fluktuasi suhu selama distribusi menyebabkan kerusakan produk. Oleh karena itu, solusi yang diusulkan adalah implementasi IoT untuk pemantauan suhu dan kualitas secara real-time. Prototipe yang dirancang terdiri dari perangkat keras seperti mikrokontroler, sensor suhu, dan modul Wi-Fi, serta perangkat lunak berbasis web untuk menampilkan data. Pengujian perangkat keras menunjukkan bahwa sensor memiliki tingkat kesalahan yang dapat diterima, sementara perangkat lunak berhasil menampilkan data suhu dan kualitas (TVB) serta grafik selama distribusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sistem monitoring suhu dan kualitas daging berbasis IoT dapat meningkatkan efektivitas dan efisiensi rantai pasok dingin di PT XYZ. Sistem ini mampu mengurangi kerusakan produk dengan pemantauan real-time, meningkatkan kepuasan pelanggan dan daya saing perusahaan., The agro-industrial sector plays an important role in processing agricultural products, including beef, which has high economic value but is highly perishable. To maintain beef quality during distribution, PT XYZ faces challenges in monitoring temperature and product quality. This study aims to design a real-time temperature and quality monitoring system for beef using Internet of Things (IoT) technology to address these challenges. The research methodology includes problem exploration, problem definition, solution ideation, prototype development, and system testing and validation. During the exploration phase, it was found that temperature fluctuations during distribution cause product damage. Therefore, the proposed solution is the implementation of IoT for real-time temperature and quality monitoring. The designed prototype consists of hardware such as a microcontroller, temperature sensor, and Wi-Fi module, as well as web-based software to display the data. Hardware testing showed that the sensors have an acceptable error rate, while the software successfully displayed temperature and quality (TVB) data and graphs during distribution. The research results indicate that the IoT-based temperature and quality monitoring system can improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the cold supply chain at PT XYZ. This system can reduce product damage with real-time monitoring, increasing customer satisfaction and the company's competitiveness
Keyword: Internet of Things (IoT), sistem monitoring, Rantai Pasok Dingin, Distribusi Daging Beku

Judul: Implementation Cost Design of Meat Quality Monitoring  System Design and Smart Label at PT. XYZ
Abstrak: Distribusi daging yang efisien dan berkualitas tinggi sangat penting dalam industri pangan, namun sering menghadapi tantangan seperti kerusakan produk akibat perubahan suhu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan menganalisis biaya implementasi sistem monitoring kualitas daging dan label pintar indikator temperatur di PT XYZ. Analisis ini dilakukan dengan merancang struktur biaya yang digunakan untuk menghitung harga pokok produksi per kg daging serta biaya implementasi dalam distribusi produk daging, dilakukan juga analisis sensitivitas dan validasi hasil menggunakan perangkat lunak MATLAB. Berdasarkan hasil analisis, diketahui bahwa implementasi sistem monitoring suhu dan kualitas serta label pintar indikator temperatur membutuhkan penambahan biaya sebesar 0.65% dari harga daging Rp. 120.000/kg. Analisis sensitivitas menunjukkan bahwa parameter kapasitas daging dan kenaikan biaya varibel sebesar 30% berpengaruh signifikan terhadap harga pokok produksi per kg daging. Validasi hasil menunjukkan hasil perhitungan yang sama dengan perhitungan menggunakan Ms. Excel. Implementasi sistem monitoring suhu dan kualitas serta label pintar indikator temperatur efektif dalam mengurangi permasalahan distribusi dan memberikan nilai tambah yang signifikan bagi perusahaan dalam hal pengendalian kualitas dan penghematan biaya jangka panjang., Efficient and high-quality meat distribution is essential in the food industry, but often faces challenges such as product damage due to temperature changes. This study aims to design and analyze the cost of implementing a meat quality monitoring system and temperature indicator smart label at PT XYZ. This analysis is carried out by designing a cost structure that is used to calculate the cost of production per kg of meat as well as implementation costs in the distribution of meat products, sensitivity analysis and validation of results using MATLAB software. Based on the results of the analysis, it is known that the implementation of a temperature and quality monitoring system and temperature indicator smart label requires an additional cost of 0.65% of the meat price of Rp. 120,000/kg. Sensitivity analysis shows that the meat capacity parameter and a 30% increase in variable costs have a significant effect on the cost of production per kg of meat. Validation of the results showed the same calculation results as the calculation using Ms. Excel. Meanwhile, the cost of loss due to product returns caused by temperature reaches an average of IDR 226,634,000 per month. The implementation of a temperature and quality monitoring system, along with smart labels that indicate temperature, effectively reduces distribution problems and provides significant added value to the company. This value is realized through improved quality control and long-term cost savings.
Keyword: Internet of Things (IoT), Implementation cost, Quality monitoring system, Smart label, Cost of loss return

Judul: Studi Taksonomi Katak Subgenus Papurana (Lesson, 1831) dari Halmahera (Anura, Ranidae, Hylarana), Studi Taksonomi Katak Subgenus Papurana (Lesson, 1831) dari Halmahera (Anura, Ranidae, Hylarana
Abstrak: I reevaluated taxonomic of subgenus Papurana position from Halmahera based on morphological and molecular analyses. My results show that two separate species occur on the Halmahera Island, each nested within two distinct clades (hereafter papua clade and celebensis clade), one of which corresponds to H. moluccana (celebensis clade) and the other to an unidentified species (papua clade). By p-distance ranging from 6.9 to 11.5% on the 16S rRNA gene, the unidentified species (Hylarana sp.) is genetically different from all congeners of the papua clade. The Hylarana sp. can be distinguished from all congeners by following combination of charactes: vomer teeth in two oblique rows with narrow inter-vomer distance; snout rounded dorsally; dorsum with few scattered cone-shaped tubercles that are black with white tips; distinct skin folds (ridges) on the dorsal side of the thigh coinciding with dark brown cross bars; a marbled pattern on the ventral side of the thigh and yellowish groin. I also present new data for H. daemeli, H. volkerjane, and H. arfaki from the western region of Papua. Furthermore, I found that H. celebensis has numerous mtDNA lineages, indicating cryptic diversity within the celebensis clade. The discovery of two separate species on Halmahera necessitates more research into the biogeographic history of Hylarana in Northern Moluccas.
Keyword: frog, Halmahera, Hylarana, morphology, Papurana, phylogenetic