Judul: Etnobiologi masyarakat tengger di Bromo Tengger Semeru Jawa Timur
Abstrak: This ethnobiological research focused on the ethnoecological, ethnobotanical, and ethnozoological study of the adaptation process (correlating to management concepts, impact on people’s activities, and technology usage) of the Tengger society in Bromo Tengger Semeru, East Java to environmental conditions where they were actively using and managing natural resources. The goals of this research were to study the beliefs, knowledge, and practice of Tengger society for the comprehensive understanding of landscape use and management, and to reveal the indigenous knowledge of Tengger society in managing their natural resources (plants and animals) which included species diversity, the index of ecological important value (INP), and the index of cultural significance (ICS). The research data consisted of ecological, ethnological, ethnobotanical and ethnozoological data. Ecological data was collected using vagetation analysis, while the rest of the data was collected using the participatory ethnobotanical appraisal, structured and open ended interviews, and direct observation. The Tengger society arranged their areas based on their function and usefulness including area of housing, agriculture, conservation, ecotourism, and sacral. Traditional ecological knowledge applied for environmental conservation consisted of an agricultural system that implement terasiring combined with plant borders, stall locations separated from houses, and planting Casuarina tree arranged by traditions. Tengger people depend on plant resources for their livelihood, and they have good knowledge on plant diversity surrounding them. The various plant utilization by Tengger society include food (75 species); medicines (121 species); construction, firewood and local technology (53 species); cosmetics, handycraft, cigarette, colors (40 species); forage (44 species); ornamental plants (140 species); fruit (49 species); and ritual (94 species). Calculations of the index of cultural significance showed that rice has a very high value and ten other plant species have high value in Tengger culture. For Tengger people, various animals have an economic value, and can be used for food, ritual, transportation, and objects for tourism.The indigenous knowledge on wild animals and their uses were very good. Tengger people distinguished 120 species consisting of 64 species of Aves, 32 species of Mammals, 9 species of Reptilia, 3 species of Diptera, 2 species of Decapoda, 1 species of Arachnidae, 1 species of Orthoptera, 1 species of Hypnoptera and 6 species of Pisces.
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Judul: Ethnobotany of Tengger Tribe Community: Case Studies at Ranu Pane Village Enclave area of Bromo Tengger Semeru National Park, Senduro district, Lumajang.
Abstrak: Etnobotani dapat mengungkap pengetahuan masyarakat tradisional atau lokal dalam pemanfaatan tumbuhan. Salah satu masyarakat yang memiliki pengetahuan dan terbiasa memanfaatkan tumbuhan adalah masyarakat Suku Tengger di Desa Ranu Pane wilayah enclave Taman Nasional Bromo Tengger Semeru (TNBTS). Namun tingginya kegiatan wisata di kawasan TNBTS, khususnya Resort Ranu Pane, dapat menggeser pengetahuan dan budaya asli masyarakat Suku Tengger Desa Ranu Pane. Penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi informasi dan data dasar bagi pihak TNBTS. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi pengetahuan tradisonal masyarakat Suku Tengger dalam pemanfaatan tumbuhan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret-April 2011 di Desa Ranu Pane wilayah enclave TNBTS, dengan menggunakan metode wawancara/kuisioner. Responden dipilih/ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik Snow Ball sampling dengan jumlah 30 orang responden. Pengetahuan tradisional Masyarakat Suku Tengger Desa Ranu Pane mengenai tumbuhan adalah dalam bentuk pemanfaatan spesies tumbuhan meliputi, cara pengambilan, cara pengolahan dan penggunaan, serta cara membudidayakannya, khususnya tumbuhan pangan. Masyarakat Suku Tengger Desa Ranu Pane memanfaatkan 77 spesies dari 38 famili untuk berbagai keperluan, diantaranya pangan, obat, hias, kayu bakar, upacara adat, pakan ternak, bahan bangunan. Spesies tumbuhan pangan lebih banyak dimanfaatkan dibanding dengan pemanfaatan tumbuhan untuk keperluan lain, karena tumbuhan pangan banyak dibudidayakan dan merupakan komoditas ekonomi bagi masyarakat.
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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