Judul: Dampak Subsidi Suku Bunga Kredit Investasi dan Peningkatan Penawaran Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) terhadap Penawaran dan Permintaan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Palm Kernel Oil (PKO) is a vegetable oil which is extracted from the kernel of palm oil. Production of PKO in Indonesia unable to fulfill demand of PKO for the downstream industries. Therefore, there is a gap or an imbalance between supply and demand for PKO in Indonesia, so import can not be avoides. The purpose of this research is to analyze factors that influence supply and demand of PKO in Indonesia and to evaluate effect of subsidy investment credit interest rate and increase supply of PKO in Indonesia on supply and demand of PKO in Indonesia. The study used time series data from 1989-2011. Supply and demand of PKO models is to built simultaneous equation system and it is estimated by using two stage least square (2SLS) method. Supply of PKO is a sum of production of PKO, import of PKO, stock of PKO from preceding year and decreased by export of PKO. Production of PKO is multiplying the total area of oil palm yield and productivity of PKO in Indonesia. Productivity of PKO is ainfluenced by Indonesian real plantation sector wages. Demand of PKO is a sum demand of PKO from Cocoa Butter Substitute (CBS) industry as a derived products of PKO and other industries (fatty acid). Demand of PKO by CBS industry is influenced by the CBS production of Indonesia and the demand of PKO by CBS Indonesian Industry from preceding year. Combination of subsidy investment interest rate and increase supply of PKO will increase demand of PKO, demand and supply of downstream industries that is CBS, and will decrease real price of PKO and CBS in Indonesia.
Keyword: PKO, Supply and Demand, CBS

Judul: Analisis Permintaan Minyak Sawit Indonesia oleh Industri Minyak Goreng, Margarin, Sabun, dan Fatty Acid
Abstrak: Crude Palm Oil (CPO) is a vegetable oil derived from palm oil . Indonesian palm oil production are not accompanied by high domestic processing but many serve as export commodities. However, based on data from the Ministry of Industry in 2009 to 2011 the number of Indonesian exports gradually decreased. The decline in Indonesia palm oil exports in the period 2009-2011 due to external and internal factors. External factors due to the global economic crisis, and the saturation of the production of palm oil in the world market. Internal factors due to domestic palm oil downstream industry developing. This study was restricted to examining the internal factors causing the decline in Indonesia palm oil exports. The purpose of this study is to analyze the production of palm oil and palm oil production of downstream products, as well as to analyze the factors that affect the demand for downstream palm oil industry in Indonesia for palm oil. This study uses time series data from 1991 to 2011 year. Indonesian palm oil demand model by palm oil downstream industry estimated by multiple linear regression models and estimation methods Ordinary Least Squares (OLS). Indonesian palm oil demand by downstream industries is derived demand (derived demand) of the company's profits that allegedly affected by input prices (real prices of domestic palm oil), output prices (real prices of downstream products) and total output (production of downstream products). The results showed a decrease in palm oil exports indicates that the domestic downstream industry began to flourish. Demand for palm oil in Indonesia's downstream industries significantly affected by the real price of inputs and the production of downstream products. In order to increase the production of cooking oil, margarine, soaps, and fatty acid and palm oil consumption by the downstream industry, the government should facilitate the loan interest rate subsidies and implementing tax holiday. The government should impose a tax or non-low duty on exports of palm oil downstream products.
Keyword: fatty acid, soap, margarine, cooking oil, palm oil, derived demand

Judul: Infectious laryngo tracheitis pada unggas
Abstrak: Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis merupakan penyakit pada unggas yang disebabkan oleh virus yang mempunyai sasaran saluran pernapasan bagian atas Penyebab penyakit Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis Univers (ILT) adalah virus yang termasuk kelompok virus Herpes sering disebut Tarpeia avium. Virus tersebut tersusun dari inti asam deoksi ribonukleat yang dilengkapi dengan pembung- kus yang merupakan derivat dari lemak serta mempunyai garis tengah antara 195-250 nano meter. Pada temperatur kamar virus tersebut dapat bertahan selama 15 hari dalam keadaan tanpa pengawetan. Virus penyebab Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis mempunyai kepekaan terhadap zat kimia golongan pelarut lemak seperti: phenol dan kresol. Induk semang definitip penyakit Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis adalah ayam, tetapi burung merak, itik dan kalkun pernah dilaporkan dapat terinfeksi. Mammalia dan golongan rodensia merupakan hewan yang tahan terhadap infeksi penyakit ini. Pada manusia penyakit Infectious Laryngo Tracheitis diduga mempunyai hubungan dengan timbulnya gangguan neuralgia yang bersifat sub-akut akibat infeksi virus Herpes jenis lain yang disebut virus Sub-acute Myelo Optico Neuropathi (virus SMON).
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