Judul: Management of Beef Cattle Waste in Jatisura Village, Cikedung District, Indramayu Regency
Abstrak: Sapi potong merupakan sapi yang dipelihara sebagai penghasil daging. Peningkatan populasi sapi potong yang terjadi setiap tahun berdampak pada produksi limbah. Limbah peternakan yang tidak dikelola dengan baik akan berdampak buruk terhadap lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis persepsi, kendala, dan peluang pengelolaan limbah di peternakan sapi potong di desa Cikedung. Desain penelitian ini adalah deskriptif eksploratif dengan purposive sampling yang melibatkan 33 responden. Pengukuran persepsi menggunakan skala Likert dan hasilnya dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah peternak merasa paham dengan pengelolaan limbah yang baik. Kendala internal yang dihadapi peternak adalah waktu, tenaga, dan pengetahuan, serta kendala eksternalnya adalah pasar dan penampung. Menurut peternak, pengelolaan limbah yang paling menguntungkan adalah dijadikan pupuk. Simpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu pengelolaan yang dilakukan bermanfaat bagi peternak, tetapi berbahaya bagi lingkungan yaitu dapat menyebabkan efek gas rumah kaca serta gangguan kesehatan. Kata kunci: peluang, pengelolaan limbah, persepsi, sapi potong, Beef cattle are cattle that are raised as meat producers. The increase in beef cattle population that occurs every year has an impact on waste production. Livestock waste that is not managed properly will have a bad impact on the environment. The purpose of this research is to analyze the perceptions, constraints, and waste management opportunities in beef cattle farming in the village of Cikedung.. The design of this study was exploratory descriptive with purposive sampling involving 33 respondents. Perceptual measurements use the Likert Scale and the results are analyzed descriptively. The result of this research is that farmers understand proper waste management. The internal constraints faced by the farmers are time, energy, and knowledge, and the external constraints are the market and storage. According to breeders, the most profitable use of waste is used as fertilizer. The conclusion of this research is that the management practices are beneficial for the farmers but harmful to the environment, as they can lead to greenhouse gas effects and health disturbances. Keywords: beef cattle, opportunity, perception, waste utilization
Keyword: peluang, pengelolaan limbah, persepsi, sapi potong, beef cattle, opportunity, perception, waste utilization

Judul: Farmers' Perceptions, Interests, and Implementation of Waste and Waste Management in Sheep Farming in Cisarua Village
Abstrak: Usaha peternakan yang banyak dikembangkan oleh masyarakat adalah usaha peternakan domba. Usaha peternakan domba menghasilkan limbah dan akan berdampak negatif jika tidak dimanfaatkan serta dikelola secara optimal. Persepsi dapat memengaruhi keputusan dalam melakukan pemanfaat dan pengolahan limbah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis persepsi, minat dan implementasi peternak terhadap limbah dan pengolahan. Responden penelitian ini berjumlah 42 orang dengan kriteria yang sudah ditentukan. Data yang diambil terdiri atas karakteristik persepsi, minat dan implementasi peternak. Data di analisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan uji rank spearman. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa persepsi peternak terhadap limbah tergolong baik yang artinya peternak menganggap bahwa limbah memiliki nilai manfaat. Minat peternak terhadap pengolahan tergolong sedang. Implementasi yang dilakukan peternak dengan memanfaatkan limbah secara langsung tanpa adanya pengolahan terlebih dahulu. Persepsi peternak berhubungan dengan usia, skepemilikan ternak, akses informasi., Sheep farming was a common practice among the community. However, this activity produced waste that could have negative consequences if not utilized and managed optimally. Perception plays a significant role in influencing decisions regarding waste utilization and processing.This research aimed to analyze the perception, interest, and implementation of sheep farmers towards waste and its processing. The study involved 42 respondents who met the predetermined criteria. Data was collected on the characteristics of perception, interest, and implementation of the farmers. Data analysis was conducted using descriptive analysis and Spearman's rank test.The results indicated that the farmers had a good perception of waste, meaning they recognized its potential value. However, their interest in processing waste was only moderate. The implementation observed was that farmers directly utilized the waste without any prior processing. The study found that farmers' perception was related to their age, livestock ownership, and access to information
Keyword: domba, limbah, Minat, Persepsi

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: