Judul: Estimation of Actual Mangrove  Forest Distribution, Area, and Density and Potential Mangrove Habitat in the Coastal Area of Tangerang Regency
Abstrak: Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang merupakan salah satu habitat penting bagi ekosistem mangrove di Provinsi Banten. Fungsi hutan mangrove yang telah berubah dimanfaatkan oleh masyarakat pesisir di sana karena memiliki nilai ekonomi untuk kawasan budidaya dan pemukiman. Oleh karena itu, hutan mangrove di pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang perlu dikelola secara lestari agar dapat berkembang dengan baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis sebaran dan kerapatan mangrove di pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang serta menganalisis kondisi aktual dan potensi kawasan mangrove di pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang. Data dikumpulkan di wilayah studi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Forest Canopy Density untuk menganalisis sebaran dan kerapatan mangrove. Metode sistem lahan digunakan untuk mendefinisikan mangrove yang ada dan potensi mangrove. Luas mangrove Kabupaten Tangerang pada tahun 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, dan 2022 masing-masing adalah 259,016 ha, 231,444 ha, 176,747 ha, 400,365 ha, dan 151,613 ha. Tingkat kerapatan yang tinggi dapat dijumpai pada tahun 2020 dengan luas 63,562 ha. Jenis kesesuaian lahan di Kabupaten Tangerang berupa tanah Kajapah (KJP). Habitat mangrove potensial yang ditemukan adalah tambak, daerah abrasi, mangrove abrasi, dan lahan terbuka., The coast of Tangerang Regency is one of the important habitats for mangrove ecosystems in Banten Province. The function of the mangrove forest that has changed is used by coastal communities there because it has economic value for cultivation areas and settlements. Therefore, mangrove forests on the coast of Tangerang Regency need sustainable management so that they develop properly. The purpose of this research is to analyze the distribution and density of mangroves in the coast of Tangerang Regency and to analyze the condition of the actual and potential mangrove areas in the coast of Tangerang Regency. Data were collected in the study area, then analyzed using Forest Canopy Density to analyze the distribution and density of mangroves. Land system method was used to define existing mangroves and potential mangrove. The mangrove area of Tangerang Regency in 1990, 2000, 2010, 2020, and 2022 was 259,016 ha, 231,444 ha, 176,747 ha, 400,365 ha, and 151,612 ha, respectively. High density levels can be found in 2020 with an area of 63,562 ha. The type of land suitability in Tangerang Regency is in the form of Kajapah land (KJP). The potential mangrove habitats found are ponds, abrasion areas, abrasion mangroves, and open land.
Keyword: Kerapatan, luas, mangrove aktual, mangrove potensial

Judul: Kalkulasi Biomassa Karbon pada Ekosistem Mangrove di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang
Abstrak: Kabupaten Tangerang memiliki potensi mangrove di wilayah pesisirnya yang berperan penting dalam penyerapan karbon yang disimpan dalam bentuk bimassa mangrove. Penelitan ini bertujuan menentukan kemampuan mangrove dalam menyimpan karbon serta rencana pengelolaannya di Pesisir Kabupaten Tangerang. Penelitian dilakukan di Desa Ketapang, Patramanggala dan Tanjung Pasir. Persamaan alometrik digunakan untuk meghitung biomassa mangrove kemudian stok karbon disetimasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kerapatan mangrove tertinggi sebesar 274 ind/ha.. Rata- rata stok karbon dan serapan emisi karbon jenis Rhizhopora stylosa adalah 0,75ton C/ha (2,74 ton CO2e/ha), jenis Avicennia marina 13,41ton C/ha (49,17 ton CO2e/ha), jenis Avicennia alba 0,50ton C/ha (1,84 ton CO2e/ha) dan jenis Rhizophora mucronata mencapai 0,14ton C/ha (0,51 ton CO2e/ha). Rata-rata stok karbon Desa Ketapang 3,70ton C/ha, Desa Patramanggala mencapai 3,32ton C/ha dan Desa Tanjung Pasir mencapai 3,55ton C/ha Kemampuan mangrove dalam menyerap karbon tertinggi ditemukan pada jenis Avicennia marina dan desa simpanan karbon tertinggi adalah Desa Ketapang., Tangerang Regency has the potential of mangroves in its coastal areas and important role carbon sequestration and absorption in biomass. This study purpose to determine the ability of mangroves to absorb carbon and their management plans in Coastal Tangerang. The research Ketapang village, Patramangala and Tanjung Pasir. Allometric equations are used to calculate mangrove biomass and then carbon stock is estimated. The results showed the average carbon stock and carbon emission absorption of Rhizhopora stylosa is 0.75 tonsC/ha (2,74 tons CO2e/ha), Avicennia marina is 13.41tons C/ha (49,17 tons CO2e/ha) Avicennia alba is 0.50tons C/ha (1,84 tons CO2e/ha) and Rhizophora mucronata is 0.14 tons C/ha (0,51 tons CO2e/ha). The average stock carbon based on different locations, namely Ketapang Village reached 3.70tons C/ha, Patramangala Village reached 3.32tons C/ha and Tanjung Pasir Village reached 3.55tons C/ha The highest ability of mangroves to absorb carbon was found on the Avicennia marina species and the village with the highest carbon is Ketapang Village.
Keyword: blue carbon, mangrove, emission absorption

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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