Judul: Analysis of the Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic on Banking Profitability in Indonesia: Comparison of Conventional Commercial Banks and Islamic Commercial Banks
Abstrak: Kemunculan Covid-19 dapat menimbulkan risiko terhadap kinerja keuangan sektor perbankan di Indonesia. Untuk itu penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui perbedaan dampak Covid-19 dan pengaruh faktor internal-eksternal perbankan terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum Konvensional dan Bank Umum Syariah. Periode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Januari 2017 hingga Desember 2021 dengan menggunakan metode analisis Vector Error Correction Model. Hasil penelitian pengaruh jangka pendek menunjukkan bahwa variabel yang signifikan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan profitabilitas Bank Umum Konvensional adalah pertumbuhan variabel nilai tukar riil, kualitas aset,suku bunga kebijakan, dan efisiensi operasional inflasi, rentabilitas, dan kecukupan modal. Sedangkan variabel yang signifikan berpengaruh terhadap pertumbuhan profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah adalah pertumbuhan variabel efisiensi operasional, kualitas aset, dan suku bunga kebijakan, inflasi, rentabilitas, kecukupan modal. Hasil penelitian pengaruh jangka panjang menunjukkan bahwa variabel nilai tukar riil, likuiditas, rentabilitas, dan kecukupan modal, variabel risiko kredit, harga umum, efisiensi operasional signifikan memengaruhi profitabilitas BUK dan BUS. Variabel suku bunga kebijakan berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas BUKtetapi tidak signifikan terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah. Selain itu, variabel dummy pandemi Covid-19 berpengaruh negatif terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum Konvensional, tetapi tidak signifikan berpengaruh terhadap profitabilitas Bank Umum Syariah. Untuk itu, bagi BUK diharap untuk meningkatkan kewaspadaan terhadap shock eskternal yang dapat meningkatkan berbagai risiko yang ada, sedangkan bagi BUS diharap meningkatkan
Keyword: Covid-19, Perbankan, Profitabilitas, VECM

Judul: Profitability Analysis of Conventional Banks and Islamic Banks in Indonesia Before and During the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Covid-19 memiliki dampak yang sangat besar dalam bidang ekonomi termasuk sektor perbankan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perkembangan rasio keuangan dan determinan yang memengaruhi profitabilitas bank konvensional dan bank syariah di Indonesia periode triwulan I-2019 hingga triwulan IV-2020. Sampel yang digunakan terdiri dari 10 bank konvensional dan 10 bank syariah. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode data panel dengan ROA sebagai variabel dependen. Adapun variabel independen terdiri dari CAR, NPL/NPF, NIM/NOM, BOPO, LDR/FDR, pertumbuhan ekonomi, dan inflasi. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa CAR dan NIM berpengaruh positif dan signifikan, serta BOPO berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap ROA pada bank konvensional. Pada bank syariah, hanya NOM yang menunjukkan pengaruh signifikan terhadap ROA dengan arah positif., Covid-19 has a huge impact in the economic field including the banking sector. This research aims to analyze the development of financial ratios and determinants that affect the profitability of conventional banks and Islamic banks in Indonesia in the first quarter of 2019 to the fourth quarter of 2020. The sample used consisted of 10 conventional banks and 10 Islamic banks. The study used the panel data method with ROA as a dependent variable. The variables independents consist of CAR, NPL/ NPF, NIM / NOM, BOPO, LDR / FDR, economic growth, and inflation. The results of the data analysis showed that CAR and NIM had a positive and significant effect, and BOPO had a negative and significant effect on ROA on conventional banks. In Islamic banks, only NOM shows a significant influence on ROA in a positive direction.
Keyword: financial ratio, macroeconomic indicators, panel data, profitability, ROA

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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