Judul: Pengaruh suhu input pada proses pembuatan surfaktan methyl ester sulfonic acid (mesa) dari metil ester stearin
Abstrak: Methyl ester sulfonic acid (MESA) is an intermediate product that synthesized during methyl ester sulfonates (MES) production by continuous sulfonation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using SO3 as reactant in a fallingfilm reactor. MES is an anionic surfactant that has been widely used in detergent products. Surfactant or surface-active agent is a compound having both polar and non-polar groups in the same molecule and forming head-tail configuration, thus able to reduce surface and interfacial tensions also to increase the stability of dispersed particle. There is a growing interest in MES hence its feedstock availability and appreciation for excellent surfactant and environment. MES has several outstanding surfactant properties: excellent resistance to water hardness and excellent detergency for carbon chains C14 to C18. Palm stearin methyl ester is a potential material as MES feedstock in Indonesia as the country with the largest palm oil producer in the world. Palm stearin is renewable, biodegradable and rich of C16 and C18 fatty acids which have good detergency and tolerant to Ca ion.
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Judul: Pengaruh Lama Periode Start Up pada Proses Pembuatan Surfaktan Methyl Ester Sulfonate (MES) dari Metil Ester Stearin
Abstrak: Methyl ester sulfonates (MES) is product that synthesized by continuous sulfonation of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) using SO3 as reactant in a single tube falling-film reactor. MES is an anionic surfactant that has been widely used in detergent and other cleaning and washing products. MES has several outstanding surfactant properties: excellent resistance to water hardness and excellent detergency for carbon chains C14 to C18. Palm stearin methyl ester is a potential material as MES feedstock in Indonesia as the country with the largest palm oil producer in the world. Palm stearin is renewable, biodegradable and rich of C16 and C18 fatty acids which have good detergency and tolerant to Ca ion. The study was aimed to obtain information on the effect of start up period during sulfonation of palm stearin ME and aging process to the physicochemical properties of MESA produced and to determine steady state condition during continous sulfonation of palm stearin ME on the best start up period. The results of this study indicated that MESA and MES produced in 5 hours period of start up without aging has a better physicochemical properties compared with other treatments. MESA resulted from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has an average pH of 1, 13.58 mg NaOH/g acid number, viscosity of 29.63 cP, density of 0.9621 g/cm3, iodine number of 9.81 mg I/g, 12.02 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.15 dyne/cm. MES produced from the sulfonation in 5 hours period of start up without aging has average pH of 7, acid number of 1.75 mg NaOH /g, density of 0.9652 g/cm3, iodine number of 12.38 mg I/g, 12.36 % active ingredient content and surface tension of 32.53 dyne/cm.
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Judul: Population and Distribution Pattern of The Black-naped Oriole (Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus,1766) di Kampus IPB Dramaga
Abstrak: The black-naped oriole (Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus, 1766) is one of the 99 bird species in the Dramaga Campus of IPB University. This bird included in medium-sized bird with length around 26 cm, has golden yellow feathers and beautiful voice. The black-naped oriole are included in the Least Concern protected status according to the IUCN Red List. Due to the declining population, this study was conducted to identifying the population and distribution pattern of the Blacknaped oriole on the Dramaga Campus of IPB University. This research was conducted in September-October 2020 using the path transect method with three repetitions. The analyzes carried out in this study were habitat analysis, population estimation, and morisita index. After a preliminary survey from 10 mapped locations, the Black-naped oriole were found in 5 locations, that is Conservation Park, Al-hurriyyah Forest, Coin, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, and Lecturer's Housing. The total number of individuals found is 67 individuals. The highest encounters were on Coins with a total of 21 individuals. Based on the calculation of population estimation, the population density value is 13,4 individuals/ha with an abundance of 12 individuals/encounter. The morisita index value obtained is 1.15 (>1) so that the distribution pattern of The Black-naper oriole is in groups., Kepudang kuduk hitam (Oriolus chinensis Linnaeus, 1766) merupakan salah satu dari 99 spesies burung yang ada di Kampus IPB Dramaga. Burung ini termasuk burung berukuran sedang dengan panjang berkisar 26 cm memiliki bulu kuning keemasan dan suara yang indah. Burung kepudang termasuk dalam status perlindungan Least Concern menurut IUCN Red List. Dikarenakan populasinya yang semakin menurun, maka dilakukan penelitian ini dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi populasi dan pola sebaran Kepudang kuduk hitam di Kampus IPB Dramaga. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September-Oktober 2020 menggunakan metode transek jalur dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Analisis yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini adalah analisis habitat, pendugaan populasi, dan indeks morisita. Setelah dilakukan survey pendahuluan, dari 10 lokasi yang dipetakan didapatkan perjumpaan pada 5 lokasi yaitu Taman Konservasi, Hutan Al-hurriyyah, Koin, Fakultas Kehutanan dan Lingkungan, dan Perumahan dosen. Total individu yang dijumpai adalah 67 individu. Perjumpaan tertinggi berada di Koin dengan total 21 individu. Berdasarkan perhitungan pendugaan populasi diperoleh nilai kepadatan populasi 13,4 individu/ha dengan kelimpahan 12 individu/perjumpaan. Nilai indeks morisita yang diperoleh adalah 1,15 (>1) sehingga didapatkan pola sebaran Kepudang kuduk hitam adalah berkelompok
Keyword: bird population, distribution pattern, morisita index, Oriolus chinensis