Judul: Kitosan Tertaut Silang Urea-Formaldehida dan Asam Sulfat Sebagai Penjerap Cibacron Red
Abstrak: Modified chitosan cross-linked with urea-formaldehyde and sulfuric acid has been prepare through an establishment of cross-linker material of urea, formaldehyde, and sulfuric acid with the ratio 1:2:1. The ratio of chitosan:crosslinker material used were, 2:1, 1:1, and 1:2. This modification was done to increase the capacity and efficiency cibacron red adsorption. Increasing the addition of N levels, was in line with the addition of cross-linker agent. Based on the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, there was an absorption peak of C-OS group with wavenumber 896.33 cm-1, which shows the cross-link bonds between HOSO-3 and metilolurea, and at 1120-1130 cm-1 that indicates the ionic bonds between the chitosan side chains, +NH3-OSO3 -2. Best adsorption conditions for cibacron red was obtained for 120 minutes and 0.1 g adsorbent to adsorbent ratio of 1:1. Capacity modified chitosan and adsorption efficiency of the cibacron red have better value than unmodified chitosan. The adsoprtion isotherm model of chitosan cross-linked urea-formaldehyde and sulfuric acid toward cibacron red followed the Langmuir isotherm equation.
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Judul: Baggase as cibacron red reactive dye adsorbent.
Abstrak: Cibacron Red is one of reactive dye types which is widely used by textile industry. But, reactive dye waste from textile industrial process causes many environment problems. Lots of waste treatment efforts are conducted; one of which is to make use of agricultural side products that are potential to be utilized as adsorbent. This research utilizes baggase as Cibacron Red reactive dye adsorbent. Baggase was divided in two categories, unmodified adsorbent and concentrated-sulphuric-acid-modified adsorbent. As a comparison, activated carbon that originated from coconut shell, which is commercially-used adsorbent, was used. Adsorption was carried out by varying adsorption times, adsorbent weights, and initial concentrations of Cibacron Red reactive dye; where then the results were applied to textile industrial waste. The optimum adsorption time, adsorbent weight, and initial concentration for unmodified adsorbent were 45 minutes, 1 g, and 150 ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the optimum conditions for acid-modified adsorbent were 53.5 minutes, 2.5 g, and 150 ppm. The optimum conditions for activated carbon, as comparison, were 60 minutes, 3 gram, and 150 ppm. In single solution tests of Cibacron Red, adsorption capacity for unmodified adsorbent, acid-modified adsorbent, and activated carbon were 788.7, 5669.6, dan 3827.5 μg/g adsorbent; with adsorption efficiency were 6.2, 94.1, dan 75.6% correspondingly. Application of three types of adsorbent toward textile industrial waste showed adsorption efficiency were 1.3, 97.6, and 51.7% in that order. Isotherm type for all types of adsorbent followed Freundlich isotherm.
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Judul: Angka kematian pra lahir domba ekor gemuk sesuai dengan umur jumlah dan posisi ovulasi dari induk
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui angka ovulasi dan angka kematian pra lahir sesuai dengan umur, jumlah ovulasi dan posisi ovulasi dari induk. Mengingat ke dua faktor tersebut merupakan penentu utama pada penampilan reproduksi domba. Domba ekor gemuk bun- ting sebanyak 263 ekor milik rakyat, dipakai sebagai contoh, yang diperoleh dari 17 buah rumah potong hewan di daerah Malang. Penelitian dikerjakan dengan mengadakan pengamatan langsung pada alat kelamin, menghitung jumlah korpus luteum dan jumlah embrio atau fetus yang hidup pada waktu induk disembelih. Diasumsikan, bahwa domba ekor gemuk yang memiliki ovulasi ganda, fertilisasinya mempunyai phenomena all or none. Angka ovulasi domba ekor gemuk ternyata tinggi, yait 2.36 dan masing-masing induk jumlah ovulasinya berkisar dari satu sampai dengan lima. Karena itulah domos ekor gemuk dapat digolongkan prolifik, ovulasi ganda sebesar 87.45 persen. Khusus bagi kelompok induk bunting kembar dua, angka ovulasinya sebesar 2.44. dst ...
Keyword: Prenatal mortality