Judul: Analisis Keragaman Genetik Plasma Nutfah Kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) asal Angola menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit
Abstrak: The effort to increase productivity and other elite characters of Indonesia oil palm breeding program is facing a problem because of the narrow of genetic diversity. To widen the genetic diversity, germplasm exploration has been done in Angola, Central Africa. The objectives of this research is to assess the genetic diversity of oil palm Angola-originated between accessions and spatial distribution regions compared to the commercial population of Tenera (D x P), Dura (D) and Pisifera (P) based on microsatellite markers. The Angola-originated plant materials used were 27 accessions consist of 136 palm planted in Palapa Estate Riau, Sumatera. And commercial population plant materials used were 34 palms (25 progenies) consist of 20 palms (14 progenies of D palm), 4 palms (1 progeny of P palm and 10 palms (10 progenies) of D x P palms planted in Kandista and Damimas Estate, Riau, Sumatera. DNA has been isolated and amplified using PCR based on 20 SSR markers. Data analysis has been done using GenAlEx 6.5 software to analyze allelic diversities, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), Genetic diversity coefficient (Gst), and the individuals spread in the populations using Principal Coordinates Analysis (PCoA). Power Marker V 3.15 software has been used to analyze the level of loci polymorphism (PIC); and NTSYS ver. 2.1 has been used to analyze the genetic relationship based on Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA). All the analysis has been used either on individual in all populations, between populations or between subpopulations based on spatial distribution region in Angola. The result shows that the PIC value is 0.55 with 107 total numbers of alleles. Genetic diversity coefficient between spatial distribution regions is range from 0.01 to 0.13. AMOVA shows that the sources of highest diversity is given by diversities between individuals either in the subpopulations or based on spatial distribution regions. UPGMA grouping analysis has dividing all individuals into six groups on 0.42 to 0.96 similarity coefficient. The grouping of individuals is not based on the accessions and spatial distribution regions. The individuals spread analysis shows that a part of individuals tend to spread on four quadrants and part of them tend to agglomerate only on two quadrants. The D x P, D and P individuals tend to separate from the Angola-originated individuals. The Angola-originated population has all the genetic diversities parameter values compared to the commercial population D x P, D and P. The Angola-originated population has the potencies to be selected as a parent material on the current oil palm breeding program scheme.
Keyword: AMOVA, distribusi spasial, kesamaan genetik, populasi komersial

Judul: Analisis Keragaman Genetik Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) Asal Jawa Barat Dengan Penanda RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA)
Abstrak: Genetic diversity study is the way to clustering an individual in a population for various prospect such as plant improvement. Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq) in this research are a population of oil palm that still exist since Holland colony and estimate have resistances to Ganoderma sp. Genotype information from those were conducted by RAPD. This research aims to clustering 58 oil palm trees by RAPD method. The research consist of four stages that begin from DNA isolation, DNA amplification, genetic similarity analysis, and construction of phylogenetic tree by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method Arithmatic Mean) method in NTSYS. The result of DNA isolation were showed good band and 12000 bp in size. The DNA amplification with 20 random primer were resulted 1870 DNA band from 229 locus. About 95% among of them are polymorphic band. Similarity analysis was showed the genetic similarity coeficient value about 69% - 95%. The clustering at genetic similarity coeficient value 76% was divided the population into two big group. The increasing of genetic similarity coeficient value will be obtained more cluster. This genotype information can be used as references in oil palm improvement program
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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