Judul: Kajian Penerapan Produksi Bersih pada Agroindustri Minyak Goreng Kelapa (Studi Kasus di Koperasi Wanita Srikandi)
Abstrak: Penerapan produksi bersih pada agroindustri minyak goreng kelapa dilakukan untuk meminimalkan limbah dan mencegah kehilangan sumber daya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji peluang produksi bersih pada proses produksi minyak goreng kelapa. Tahapan penelitian mencakup analisis quick scan, identifikasi aliran material, energi dan limbah, penentuan alternatif produksi bersih, analisis kelayakan teknis, lingkungan dan finansial berupa benefit cost ratio (B/C ratio) serta payback period (PP), penentuan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih dengan metode perbandingan eksponensial. Rantai proses terdiri dari pembuatan minyak klentik di tingkat pemasok, kemudian dilanjutkan menjadi minyak goreng kelapa di tingkat pabrik. Alternatif produksi bersih pada tingkat pemasok adalah: (1) pengolahan nata de coco (B/C ratio 1,17 dan PP 0,74 tahun), (2) pengolahan pupuk kompos (B/C ratio 1,26 dan PP 0,29 tahun), serta (3) pembuatan maggot (B/C ratio 1,75 dan PP 0,45 tahun). Alternatif produksi bersih pada tingkat pabrik adalah: (1) penjadwalan produksi (B/C ratio 170 dan PP 0,05 bulan), (2) perbaikan SOP penuangan minyak (B/C ratio 4,55 dan PP 0,01 tahun), (3) water recycle (B/C ratio 2,99 dan PP 4,23 tahun), dan (4) penggantian instalasi pipa (B/C ratio 3,95 dan PP 0,05 tahun). Prioritas alternatif yang direkomendasikan pertama pengolahan pupuk kompos untuk tingkat pemasok dan penjadwalan produksi untuk tingkat pabrik., The application of cleaner production in the coconut cooking oil agroindustry carried out to minimize waste and prevent resources lost. This study aims to examine the opportunities for cleaner production in the process of coconut cooking oil. Research stages included quick scan analysis, identification of material flow, energy and waste, determination of cleaner production alternatives, technical, environmental and financial feasibility analysis as benefit cost ratio (B/C ratio) and payback period (PP), and determining priorities for the application of cleaner production with the exponential comparison method. The process chain consists of the crude coconut oil production at supplier level, then continuing into the coconut cooking oil at factory level. Alternative cleaner production at the suppliers level is (1) nata de coco processing (B/C ratio 1.17 and PP 0.74 years), (2) composting (B/C ratio 1.26 and PP 0.29 years), and (3) maggot production (B/C ratio 1.75 and PP 0.45 years). Alternative cleaner production at the factory level is (1) production scheduling (B/C ratio 170 and PP 0.05 months), (2) improvement in oil pouring techniques (B/C ratio 4.55 and PP 0.01 years), (3) water recycle (B/C ratio 2.99 and PP 4.23 years), and (4) pipe installation replacement (B/C ratio 3.95 and PP 0.05 years). The first recommended alternative priority was compost processing for supplier level and production scheduling for factory level.
Keyword: Cleaner production, coconut cooking oil, crude coconut oil

Judul: Analysis of opportunities for applying cleaner production  in desiccated coconut processing industry (Case Study: UKM Laurike, Cibinong,  Bogor)
Abstrak: Penerapan produksi bersih pada industri kelapa parut kering (Desiccated coconut) dilakukan untuk mencegah atau minimisasi limbah dengan meningkatkan produktivitas, efisiensi dan efektivias produksi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi aliran bahan baku, energi dan air, menganalisis kelayakan teknis, lingkungan, dan finansial dengan perhitungan B/C ratio dan payback periode (PP), serta menentukan prioritas penerapan produksi bersih. Tahapan penelitian terdiri dari analisis quick scan, identifikasi aliran material, energi dan limbah, penentuan alternatif, analisis kelayakan serta pemilihan prioritas produksi bersih. Penelitian dilakukan dengan pengamatan proses produksi kelapa parut di pasar hingga menjadi kelapa parut kering di UKM. Proses produksi terdiri dari pengupasan tempurung, pengupasan kulit ari, pencucian, pemarutan, sterilisasi (blanching), pengeringan, pengemasan dan penyimpanan. Masing-masing proses terdapat limbah yang terbentuk dan masalah inefisiensi. Alternatif produksi bersih yang dapat direkomendasikan diantaranya (1) penerapan good house-keeping pada tiap proses produksi, (2) pelatihan SOP produksi, (3) pemanfaatan kembali air proses sterilisasi (PP 0.04 tahun B/C 24.15), (4) pembuatan nata de coco dari air kelapa (PP 0,77 tahun dan B/C 1,45), (5) penggantian alat pengukus dengan ukuran lebih besar (PP 0,34 tahun dan B/C 1,25) dan (6) pemasangan paddle pada water jacket (PP 0,05 tahun dan B/C 1,0)., The application of cleaner production in the dry shredded coconut (Desiccated coconut) industry can be done to prevent the formation of waste or minimize waste using productivity, efficiency, and production effectiveness. The purpose of this research was to identify the flow of raw materials, energy, and water, environmental and financial analysis with calculation of benefit-cost ratio (B/C ratio) and payback period (PP), and the selection of cleaner production priorities. The research was carried out by observing the production process of shredded coconut to become desicated coconut at a small enterprise. The process consists of coconut shell pelling, washing, grating, sterilizing (blanching), drying, packaging, and storage. Each process produced solid or liquid waste to be inefficiency problems. The cleaner production alternatives that can be implemented are (1) good house-keeping, (2) SOP training, (3) the reuse water from sterilization process (PP 0.04 years B/C 24.15), (4) making nata de coco from coconut water PP 0.77 years and B/C 1.45), (5) replacement of steamer with a larger size (PP 0.34 years and B/C 1.25) and (6) paddle installation on the water jacket (PP 0.05 years and B/C 1.0).
Keyword: Cleaner production, desiccated coconut, drying, feasibility analysis

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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