Judul: Dampak Transformasi Kota Banjar terhadap Tingkat Kesejahteraan Rumahtangga Petani Penggarap
Abstrak: Improved status of Banjar into the city causing major project development in there more intensiv. As a result of the development of agricultural land erosion caused conversionso make decreased of agricultural land (field). The impact of the changes seen in the conversion of arable land tenure, employment and changes in work patterns, thereby affecting the level of household welfare peasants materially and moriil. The impact of the conversion on the level of material well-being of their relatively increased but not followed by an increase in the welfare of their moriil. Based on the analysis it can be concluded that the impact of the conversion of agricultural land to landless household welfare level produces two variants of peasant households are excluded from the social and economic, that (1) excluded / marginalized and (2) similar to the last or previous condition (pre-conversion).
Keyword: welfare, farmers, households, conversion, transformation

Judul: Transformasi Bogor menuju kota metropolitan (kasus transisi agraria masyarakat tepian kota, Kelurahan Mekarwangi, Kecamatan Tanah Sareal Bogor)
Abstrak: Transformasi pengembangan ruang merupakan sebuah konsekuensi dari adanya pembangunan daerah yang menjadi salah satu cara pemerintah (daerah) untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat. Namun pembangunan ini mengakibatkan terjadinya konversi lahan pertanian secara vertikal. Hal-hal yang mendorong terjadinya konversi lahan pertanian karena keterdesakan ekonomi. Faktor-faktor yang mendorong terjadinya konversi lahan pertanian menimbulkan transisi agraria yang ditunjukkan dengan pergeseran matapencaharian di bidang pertanian menjadi pekerja di sektor non-pertanian, pekerja di sektor campuran (pertanian dan non-pertanian), atau tetap bertahan bekerja di sektor pertanian sehingga mempengaruhi tingkat kesejahteraan masyarakat. Penelitian ini menguji pengaruh perubahan matapencaharian terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan matapencaharian tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan. Hal ini disebabkan perubahan yang terjadi terlalu kecil sehingga terlihat tidak signifikan.
Keyword: area transformation, land conversion, livelihood, welfare

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity