Judul: Pemberian Ekstrak Daun Murbei Yang Difermentasi Dengan Cairan Rumen Dalam Pakan Mencit (Mus Musculus) Sebagai Hewan Model Sistem Pasca Rumen
Abstrak: The objective of this experiment was to study the effect of fermented mulberry leaves extract utilization in mice feed as animal model for post ruminal system. This experiment used a completely randomized design, with 6 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P0 (semi purified diet), P1 (P0 + fermented rumen liquid residue), P2 (P1 + mulberry leaves extract 0.06% DNJ), P3 (P1 + fermented mulberry leaves extract 0.06% DNJ), P4 (P1 + mulberry leaves extract 0.12% DNJ), and P5 (P1 + fermented mulberry leaves extract 0.12% DNJ). The experiment was conducted for 24 days with 3 days adaptation periods. Variables observed were feed consumption, feed digestibility, daily body weight gain and blood glucose. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, and differences among treatments were examined with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test. The results showed that the addition of mulberry leaves extract significantly (P<0.01) reduced daily body weight gain, consumption, and blood glucose, reduce feed digestibility (P<0.05) compared to control, but fermented mulberry leaves extract could reduce the negative effect of DNJ. Daily body weight gain of mice given 0.06% and 0.12% fermented mulberry leaves extract was significantly (P<0.01) higher than those mice given the same concentration of non fermented mulberry leaves extract (0.10 vs – 0.16 gram/day) and (0.01 vs – 0.14 gram/day). It is concluded that DNJ in mulberry leaves extract is not fully degraded in the rumen, and it still has negative effect to the variables measured. Keywords : mulberry leaves extract, fermented, mice, post ruminal
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Judul: Kecernaan Ransum Berbasis Jerami  Padi yang Diberi Tepung Daun Murbei  Sebagai Substitusi Konsentrat Pada  Sapi Peranakan Ongole
Abstrak: Mulberry leaf has a great potential as animal feed because of its high nutrient content. It has 20,4% crude protein, therefore it can be used as substitution for concentrate. The aims of this experience was to study effect of mulberry leaf as substitution of concentrate in PO cattle. This experiment used completely randomize design with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The treatments were P1 (50% rice straw + 50% concentrate/control), P2 (50% rice straw + 25% concentrate+ 25% mulberry leaf), P3 (50% rice straw + 50% mulberry leaf). This experiment was conducted for 2 months with 2 weeks adaptation periode. Variables observed were dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, crude fiber digestibility, extract eter digestibility, and total production of rumen VFA. The data were analyzed by Analysis of Variance, and differences among treatments were tested with Duncan Multiple Range Test. The results showed that mulberry leaf can substitute concentrate at most 50%. The addition of mulberry leaf significantly (P<0.05) increased crude fiber digestibility but decreased crude protein and eter extract digestibility. The mixture between concentrate and mulberry leaf increased dry matter digestibility and the amount of total VFA.
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite