Judul: Keragaman, Kisaran Inang dan Efisiensi Penularan Bean common mosaic virus dengan Kutudaun pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang
Abstrak: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is one of the important viruses infecting yard long beans. Severe yellow mosaic symptoms different from common symptoms of BCMV was observed in 2008 in several yard long bean growing areas in West Java and Central Java found. This severe yellow mosaic symptom is caused by Bean common mosaic virus Blackeye Cowpea strain (BCMV-BlC) or double infection of BCMV-BlC and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Information on characters of BCMV-BlC on yard long beans in Indonesia is very limited, despite its importance for the determination of virus control strategy. Therefore this study aims to determine the diversity, host range and transmission efficiency of BCMV-BlC using 3 aphid species . Leaf samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms were taken from yard long bean plants in 3 villages in Dramaga, Bogor, West Java i.e. Bubulak, Cangkurawok, and Situgede and 10 leaf samples from several areas in West Java [Bogor (Bojong), Subang, Indramayu and Cirebon], and Central Java (Tegal, Klaten, Solo, Magelang, Sleman, and Jogjakarta) collection of Plant Virology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB. Leaf samples were detected by serological using antiserum of BCMV and molecular method using specific primer for BCMV coat protein (CP). Amplified DNA products was then used for nucleotide sequencing followed by sequence allignment and phylogenetic tree analysis. Limited host range study and transmission of BCMV-BlC using three species of aphids was done for BCMV-BlC Cangkurawok isolates. BCMV-BlC isolated by inoculation on indicator plants Chenopodium amaranticolor. Local lesions (LL) were taken and inoculated serially to C. amaranticolor for 3 times to purify the virus. Finally, LL was inoculated on bean cultivar Parade and used as sources of inoculum for further test. A host range study was conducted by inoculating BCMV-BlC mechanically using 18 plant species from 3 families. Transmission efficiency test was done using 3 aphid species i.e. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover and A. glycines Matsumura with treatment of aphids numbers (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10). Both host range and transmission efficiency studies was conduxted using 15 plants per treatment. Parameter for both studies includes incubation period, type of symptoms and disease incidence. In addition to visual observation, infection of BCMV-BlC on test plants was confirmed by using Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA). Based on field observations, the symptoms can be differentiated into 2 groups. The first group consist of those symptoms showing mosaic with light green to bright yellow unevenly (heavy yellow mosaic), vein banding, malformation of leaves (leaf curl like crackers, pucker along the veins), leaf blister, and stunted growth. The second group are those symptoms showing mosaic pattern of light green to yellow (medium yellow mosaic) and vein banding. Molecular detection by RT-PCR are successfully amplified ~861 bp viral DNA from 8 out of 13 BCMV isolates. DNA analysis was able to allign sequence of BCMV collected from Cangkurawok, Cirebon, Subang, Tegal, Solo and Sleman, but was unable to allign the sequence of BCMV isolates from Bubulak and Bojong. Further analysis showed that 4 BCMV isolates (Cangkurawok, Subang, Solo and Sleman) has the highest homology to BCMV-BlC from Taiwan,
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Judul: Aplikasi Tanaman Pinggir dan Ekstrak Daun Pagoda untuk Pengendalian Bean common mosaic virus pada Kacang Panjang di Lapangan
Abstrak: Bean common mosaic virus is the one of an important virus and is one of causal of yellow mosaic diseases on yard long bean. The research was done to test the effectiveness of barrier crop and pagoda leaf extract which applied either separately or together to suppressed BCMV infection in the field. Maize as barrier crop was grown at 4 weeks prior yard long bean. Pagoda leaf extract was applied as leaf spraying at one day prior BCMV transmission. BCMV was transmitted by releasing viruliferous Aphis craccivora at four site points in the field. The incubation period, disease incidence, severity and BCMV accumulation were observed. The symptom were vary from mild up to severe mosaic, yellow mosaic, yellowing, leaf vein netting, leaf and fruit malformation. The incubation period of treatment plants were relatively 1-2 days longer than untreated control. The disease incidence, severity and BCMV accumulation of the treatment plants were lower, especially on combination treatment was significantly lower than control plants. Among tested treatments, the application of barrier crop in combine with pagoda leaf extract was the best treatment in suppressing BCMV in the field.
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Judul: Sintesis dan Pencirian Natrium Titanat (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2) Berbahan Dasar Titanium Dioksida
Abstrak: TiO2 can be utilized as basic material for synthesis of sodium titanate (Na2Ti2O4(OH)2). This research was purposed to synthesize and characterize sodium titanate from TiO2 rutile powder as a basic material. Sodium titanate was synthesized by hydrothermal process at temperature 130 °C by mixing TiO2 rutile powder with 5 M and 10 M NaOH solution, then each was calcinated at temperature 700 °C. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed that sodium titanate has been successfully synthesized. This result was also supported by functional group analysis with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrofotometer showing the existence of Ti-O-Na vibration band at 989.42 cm-1. The formation of sodium titanate was depend on the reaction condition such as temperature, reaction time, and NaOH concentration. Scanning electron microscope image indicated that sodium titanate synthesized at 130 °C in 20 hours reaction time with 10 M NaOH had crystal size of 99.37 nm.
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