Judul: Harvesting Waste of Rasamala Wood (Altingia excelsa) in RPH Takokak, KPH Sukabumi
Abstrak: Limbah pemanenan seringkali terjadi akibat adanya bagian praktik penebangan yang kurang sesuai prosedur. Limbah kayu yang dihasilkan dapat berbeda – beda tergantung dari jenis, kondisi topografi, dan keahlian penebang saat pemanenan berlangsung, termasuk limbah kayu yang dihasilkan pada penebangan hutan di Pulau Jawa khususnya di Perhutani. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KPH Sukabumi Jawa Barat dengan jenis tanaman rasamala. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis volume limbah yang dihasilkan dari penebangan pada petak tebang, TPn, TPKH, dan faktor eksploitasi serta menganalisis faktor yang mempengaruhi besarnya volume limbah pada lokasi penelitian. Metode yang digunakan adalah purposive sampling dengan sampel sebanyak 51 pohon. Limbah yang ditemukan dalam penelitian berupa tunggak 30%, batang bebas cabang 15%, batang atas 35%, dan dahan 20% yang terdiri cabang dan ranting. Faktor eksploitasi berdasarkan pendekatan bagian log kayu utuh yang dipanen bukan limbah melalui perhitungan faktor eksploitasi sebesar 82% dan pendekatan indeks sebesar 0,84 atau 84%. Besaran nilai limbah yang dihasilkan pada penelitian dipengaruhi faktor paling dominan yaitu kemiringan lereng.
Keyword: harvesting waste, exploitation factor, KPH Sukabumi, rasamala

Judul: Harvesting Waste of Pine Wood and Exploitation Factors in KPH Kedu Selatan Perum Perhutani Regional Division of Central Java
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan kayu di Indonesia sampai saat ini belum efisien sehingga hanya sebagian pohon yang digunakan. Hal tersebut disebabkan oleh jumlah kayu yang dikeluarkan dari hutan umumnya masih banyak yang termasuk berupa residu atau limbah pemanenan. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di KPH Kedu Selatan dengan jenis tanaman yang ditebang adalah pinus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis volume limbah kayu penebangan dan angka faktor eksploitasi dalam kegiatan pemanenan kayu. Penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan Metode Pohon Penuh (Whole Tree Method). Limbah dalam penelitian ini berupa tunggak, batang bebas cabang, batang atas, dan cabang dan ranting dengan diameter maksimal 5 cm. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan limbah pemanenan dari 67 pohon contoh yang ditebang dengan bekas sadapan pinus dimanfaatkan yaitu seluruhnya terjadi di petak tebang terdiri atas limbah tunggak 69%, batang bebas cabang 4%, batang atas 23% serta cabang dan ranting 4%. Limbah pemanenan kayu tanpa memanfaatkan bekas sadapan pinus terdiri atas limbah tunggak 14%, batang bebas cabang 81%, batang atas 4%, dahan 1%. Angka faktor eksploitasi berdasarkan pendekatan persen limbah dan pendekatan It, Is, Ia dengan bekas sadapan pinus dimanfaatkan sebesar 0,94. Faktor eksploitasi dengan bekas sadapan getah pinus tidak dimanfaatkan, berdasarkan pendekatan persen limbah dan pendekatan It, Is, Ia sebesar 0,67 dan 0,68. Kata kunci: faktor eksploitasi, KPH Kedu Selatan, limbah pemanenan kayu, pinus, The utilization of wood in Indonesia has not been effective so only some trees are used. This is because most of woods taken out from the forest are in the form of harvesting waste. This study was conducted at KPH South Kedu focusing on pine trees that have been cut down. This study aims to analyse the volume of logging residue and the number of exploitation factors in wood harvesting activities. A research was carried out using the Whole Tree Method. The logging residue was defined on stumps, main stems, upper stems and branches and twigs with diameter minimum 5 cm. The results of the study showed that harvesting waste from the 67 sample trees from the cutting plots with pine leads was used consisting of 69% stump waste, 4% branch-free stems, 23% scion, and 4% branches and twigs. Wood harvesting waste without utilizing pine leads consisting of of 14% stump waste, 81% main stems, 4% upper stems, and 1% branches and twigs. The exploitation factor figures based on the percent waste approach and the It, Is, Ia with pine leads was used approaches are 0,94 respectively. The exploitation factor figures based on the percent waste approach and the It, Is, Ia without utilizing pine leads approaches are 0,67 and 0,68.
Keyword: exploitation factor, KPH Kedu Selatan, logging residue, pine

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity