Judul: Standard Requirements for the Ratio of Soluble and Insoluble Fiber in Laying Hens: A Meta-Analysis Study
Abstrak: Serat merupakan komponen nutrien penting dalam kandungan pakan ayam petelur. Berdasarkan kelarutannya di dalam air, serat dibagi menjadi dua yaitu serat larut (SL) dan serat tidak larut (STL). Proporsi kandungan serat larut dan serat tidak larut pada pakan harus tepat dan seimbang untuk mengoptimalkan performa produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis standar optimal antara perbandingan kandungan serat larut: serat tidak larut dalam ransum ayam petelur. Metode penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan Meta-Analisis. Database ransum pakan diperoleh dari 32 publikasi scopus, dan hasil uji laboratorium terhadap bahan pakan. Parameter yang diamati antara lain konversi pakan (FCR), konsumsi pakan, konsumsi serat larut, konsumsi serat tidak larut, produksi telur (HDP), haugh unit (HU), dan berat telur. Analisis dataSehingga diperoleh kandungan SL dan STL pada masing-masing ransum pada artikel yang dikaji. Analisis data menggunakan metodologi model campuran dimana penelitian yang berbeda dianggap sebagai efek acak, dan rasio serat tidak larut: serat larut dianggap sebagai efek tetap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strain ayam petelur tidak berkorelasi dengan kebutuhan serat larut dan serat tidak larut. Serat larut berkorelasi terhadap FCR, konsumsi serat larut dan konsumsi serat tidak larut. Serat tidak larut berkorelasi terhadap konsumsi serat tidak larut dan berat telur. Serat larut dan serat tidak larut mempunyai hubungan yang erat dengan persamaan Y= 0,075X2 – 0,3049X + 2,0709. Disimpulkan bahwa standar kebutuhan rasio kandungan serat larut dan serat tidak larut pada pakan ayam petelur adalah 1 : 2., Fiber is an important nutrient component in the diet of laying hens. Based on its solubility in water, fiber is divided into two categories, namely soluble fiber (SF) and insoluble fiber (ISF). The proportion between soluble and insoluble fiber content must be correct and balanced to optimalize production performance. This research aims to analyze the optimal standard between the ratio of soluble fiber (SF): insoluble fiber (ISF) content in the diet of laying hens. This research method used a Meta-Analysis approach. The database of feed rations was obtained from 32 scopus publications, and laboratory test results on feed ingredients. The parameters observed were Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Feed Consumption, Soluble Fiber Consumption, Insoluble Fiber Consumption, Henday Production (HDP), Haugh Unit (HU), and Egg Weight. Data analysis used a mixed model methodology where different studies were considered as random effects, and the ratio of insoluble fiber (ISF): soluble fiber (SF) was considered as a fixed effect. The results showed that the strain of laying hens did not correlate with soluble and insoluble fiber requirement. Soluble fiber in the ratio correlates with FCR, SF consumption and ISF consumption. Insoluble fiber in the ratio correlates with ISF consumption and egg weight. Soluble fiber and insoluble fiber have a close relationship with the equality Y= 0.075X2 – 0.3049X + 2.0709. It is conclude standard requirements for the ratio of soluble fiber and insoluble fiber content in laying hens is 1: 2.
Keyword: Ayam petelur, Meta Analisis, Rasio Serat Larut dan Serat Tidak Larut, Serat Larut, Serat Tidak Larut

Judul: Pengaruh pengolahan dan tingkat feses ayam petelur dalaam ransum terhadap penampilan produksi dan ratio efisiensi protein  ayam petelur tipe medium fase II
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan di "Babakan Jaya Farm", Kecamatan Parung Kuda, Kabupaten Sukabumi selama 9 minggu mulai tanggal 3 Maret sampai 4 Mei 1992. Tujuan Penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh interaksi antara pengolahan feses dengan tingkat pemberian yang berbeda dalam ransum terhadap performans produksi telur dan ratio efisiensi protein ransum. Ternak yang digunakan 90 ekor ayam petelur strain Lohman Brown berumur 50 minggu, fase produksi II. Ayam- ayam tersebut ditempatkan dalam kandang sistem bateray "multiple laying cage", terbuat dari kawat. Setiap cage ditempatkan 3 ekor ayam secara acak. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola Faktorial 2 X 5 dengan 2 faktor pengola- han yaitu alami dan oven, dan 5 faktor tingkat pemberian feses dalam ransum yaitu 0, 6, 12, 18 dan 24% dengan 3 ulangan. Peubah yang diamati adalah konsumsi ransum, produksi telur "Hen day", konversi ransum, konsumsi protein, efisiensi protein dan mortalitas. ratio Hasil Analisis Ragam menunjukkan bahwa pengolahan feses secara alami dan oven tidak berbeda nyata terhadap produksi telur "Hen day", konversi ransum dan ratio efisi- ensi protein. Tingkat pemberian feses dalam ransum menun- jukkan hasil berbeda sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap kon- sumsi ransum, produksi telur "Hen day", konversi ransum, konsumsi protein dan ratio efisiensi protein. Interaksi antara pengolahan dan tingkat pemberian feses tidak berbe- da nyata terhadap konversi ransum dan ratio efisiensi protein, tetapi berbeda sangat nyata (P<0.01) terhadap konsumsi ransum, produksi telur "Hen day" dan konsumsi protein. Pemberian feses sebanyak 6% dalam ransum mengha- silkan produksi telur "Hen day", konversi ransum dan ratio efisiensi protein terbaik....
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite