Judul: Pengaruh Metoda Pembekuandan Lama Penyimpanan Beku Terhadap Berat dan Mutu Udang
Abstrak: lik Selama pembekuan dan penyimpanan beku udang dapat mengalami perubahan-perubahan yang dapat menurunkan nilai mutunya. Ferubahan-perubahan tersebut akan nampak jelas setelah udang beku dicairkan. Adapun salah satu perubahan yang terjadi bila udang beku dicairkan adalah penyusuten berat udang. Selanjutnya penyusutan berat tersebut dapat mengakibatkan bobot tuntas (perat netto) produk udang beku tidak sesuai dengan berat yang tercantum pada labelnya, se- hingga produk udang beku tersebut bile diekspor dapat ter- kena klaim (ditolak). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang telah dilakukan di "Cold Storage Jakarta Fishing Port" terhadap udang segar yang dibekukan secara "wet freezing" didapatkan bahwa pem- bekuan dengan "eir blast freezer" dan "contact plate free- zer" yang masing masing bersuhu -40°C dan lama penyimpanan beku dalam "cold storage" -30°C dapat mengakibatkan penyu- sutan berat produk udang. Fesarnya penyusutan berat terse- but ternyata dipengaruhi oleh metoda pembekuannya, sedang- kan penyimpanan beku dalar "cold storage" -30°C selama 0, 5, 10 dan 15 hari tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata. Udang yang dibekukan dengan "airblast freezer" -40°C sete- lah dicairkan mengalami penyusuten berat 5,52%, sedangkan ...
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Judul: Pengaruh lama pengukusan dan penyimpanan terhadap perubahan sifat fisiko - kimia udang instant hasil proses pengeringan beku
Abstrak: Serangkaian penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama pengukusan dan penyimpanan terhadap perubahan mutu (sifat fisiko-kimia) udang instant hasil proses pengeringan beku (freeze drying), serta daya awetnya apabila produk kering beku ini dikemas dalam pengemas sederhana (kantong plastik yang dilipat dan ditutup dengan streples) yang disimpan pada suhu kamar (± 28°C). Dalam penelitian ini rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap pola percobaan faktorial dengan dua kali ulangan. Faktor perlakuan yang dicobakan meliputi lama pengukusan (faktor A) dan lama penyimpanan (faktor B). Faktor A terdiri dari tiga taraf yaitu lama pengukusan dengan waktu 10 menit (A1), 20 menit (A2) dan 30 menit (A3). Sedangkan faktor B terdiri dari empat taraf waktu penyimpanan, yaitu lama penyimpanan O minggu (B), 2 minggu (B2), 4 minggu (B₁) dan 6 minggu (B6). Pengamatan terhadap udang instant meliputi analisa sifat-sifat fisik dan kimia (laju sublimasi, perubahan suhu produk selama proses pengeringan beku, kadar protein, kadar air, rasio rehidrasi, daya ikat air (WHC) dan tekstur obyektif dengan alat Instron 1140). Serta analisa organoleptik dengan uji kesukaan (preference) terhadap nilai warna, aroma, rasa, tekstur, penampakan, dan penerimaan. Sifat-sifat fisik dan kimia udang instant dipengaruhi sangat nyata (p<0,01) untuk kadar protein, kadar air dan tekstur, serta nyata (p<0,05) untuk rasio rehidrasi oleh lama pengukusan dan lama penyimpanan, kecuali daya ikat air. Sedangkan interaksi antara lama pengukusan dan lama penyim- panan tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap sifat-sifat fisik dan kimia udang instant…dst
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Judul: The isolation and molecular identification of papillomavirus in macaca fascicularis and macaca nemestrina at animal facility of primate research centre – Bogor Agricultural University.
Abstrak: Cervical cancer is still regarded as a major cause of death in women world wide, hence research on papilloma viruses, their drugs and vaccines for the prevention are still continued. Papilloma virus is a DNA virus of the family papillomaviridae. Papilloma virions have no sheath, the diameter of 55 nm, and icosahedral capsid. The virus multiplies in the cell nucleus and causes chronic latent infection. The virus genome has a circular form, 8 kbp in length with 8 open reading frames. The genome is divided into early (E) and late (L) genes. The E gen synthesizes 6 E proteins, namely E1, E2, E4, E5, E6 and E7, which are linked into the process of viral replication and oncogenes. Meanwhile, the L gene synthesizes 2 proteins, the L1 and L2, which are related to the formation of the capsid (Hakim 2010). In order to obtain the best result of the cancer research, it is highly requested to obtain appropriate animal model that reflect aspects of human disease. Non-human primates have high similarity with humans, both in terms of the evolution of the genetic, anatomical, physiological, biochemical and organ systems, as well as in cancer genes. Non-human primates of the genus Macaca is a genus with the highest distribution worldwide, from Japan to Afghanistan. So far, there are 22 species are included in the genus Macaca. Originally rhesus monkeys or M. mulatta are widely used for biomedical research, but since the Indian government imposed a ban on importing these animals, then Macaca fascicularis (Long-tailed Macaque, cynomolgus) and Macaca nemestrina (Pig-tailed Macaque), which has high population in Southeast Asia, began to be used as research animal. Various medical aspects related to both species are commonly studied by many researchers as an animal model for human diseases. This study is using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method and nucleotide tracking to identify papillomavirus tipes that infect the genital tract of Macaca fascicularis and Macaca nemestrina, which is kept in breeding facilities of Primate Research Center, IPB. The analysis of nucleotide sequences were performed using the Clustal W 2.1 and 5.1 Mega program. The establishment of phylogenetic tree using neighbor joining with 1000 times bootstrap repetition. The results showed that the papillomavirus that infect Macaca fascicularis was 32.7% (78/238) and Macaca nemestrina 12% (4/31). Both species were infected by Macaca fascicularis papillomavirus (MfPV) tipe 3, 4, 5, 7 and 9, belongs to the genus Alpha papillomavirus with homology of 80 - 100%. Papilloma virus that infected the pig-tailed macaque was the same tipe of papillomavirus that infected the cynomolgus with similarity between 82% - 99% based on L1 region. To further explain the tipes of papilloma viruses that infected the pig-tailed macaque, it is necessary to identify the entire genome of the virus. To determine the tipe of the virus, it requires the identification of a more complete nucleotide sequence. It is interesting because papillomavirus that infected the pigtail macaques has 76% homology with the HPV tipe 52. This is the first report on the incidence of papillomavirus infection in the pigtail macaque genome that further analysis
Keyword: Papillomavirus, cervic cancer, animal model, Macaca fascicularis, Macaca nemestrina