Judul: Membrane electrode assembly based on composite of sulfonated polystyrene-sodium alginate for direct methanol fuel cell
Abstrak: Kinerja membran polimer elektrolit dapat ditingkatkan dengan membuat membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEA berbasis membran komposit polistirena tersulfonasi-natrium alginat (PSS-natrium alginat) dibuat dengan mencetak membran komposit teraktivasi bersamaan dengan lapisan katalis Ag/C 20% pada suhu 120-125 °C selama 3 menit. Keberhasilan pembuatan MEA terlihat dari morfologinya yang dicirikan menggunakan mikroskop elektron pemayaran (SEM) dengan terbentuknya lapisan karbon dan membran pada penampang lintang MEA. MEA berbasis PSS-natrium alginat memiliki konduktivitas proton tertinggi, yaitu 2.672 × 10-4 S/cm atau meningkat 83% dari membran PSS-natrium alginat. Hal ini menunjukkan MEA PSS-natrium alginat dapat diaplikasikan pada sistem direct methanol fuel cell dan menghasilkan beda potensial sebesar 423 mV., Polymer electrolyte membrane performance could be enhanced by producing a membrane electrode assembly (MEA). MEA based on composite of sulfonated polystyrene and sodium alginate (SPS-sodium alginate) was made by pressing an activated composite membrane with 20% Ag/C catalyst layer at 120-125 °C for 3 minutes. The success of preparing MEA represented by its morphology as characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the formation of carbon and membrane layers on its cross section. MEA based on SPS-alginate showed the highest proton conductivity of 2.627 × 10-4 S/cm, or increased of 83% as compared with the SPS-alginate membrane. The result indicated that MEA based on SPS-alginate could be applied to direct methanol fuel cell system and produced a potential difference of 423 mV. Keywords: composite, direct methanol fuel cell, membrane electrode assembly, sodium alginate, sulfonated polystyrene.
Keyword: komposit, membrane electrode assembly, natrium alginat, polistirena tersulfonasi, sel bahan bakar metanol

Judul: Improved performance of electrolyte membrane on sulfonated polystyrene for membrane electrode assembly
Abstrak: Membran polimer elektrolit sel bahan bakar untuk aplikasi membrane electrode assembly (MEA) harus stabil pada suhu tinggi, memiliki konduktivitas proton yang tinggi, dan permeabilitas metanol yang rendah. Dalam penelitian ini telah dibuat MEA berbasis polistirena tersulfonasi (PSS) dengan oleum pada suhu 60 ºC. Keberhasilan proses sulfonasi ditunjukkan oleh nilai derajat sulfonasi, yaitu 21.35%. Pencirian membran menggunakan spektrofotometer inframerah transformasi Fourier menunjukkan puncak serapan –SO3 di daerah 1274 cm-1 dan 1120 cm-1. MEA merupakan komponen dari proton exchange membrane fuel cell yang kedua sisi membrannya diapit oleh elektrode sebagai katalis. Katalis yang digunakan adalah Ag/C 20% dengan metode pres panas. Scanning electron microscopy menunjukkan bahwa MEA-PS memiliki struktur yang kaku dibandingkan MEA-PSS. Kinerja membran diuji menggunakan direct methanol fuel cell. MEA-PSS memiliki konduktivitas proton dan beda potensial tertinggi sebesar 2.2390×10-4 S/cm dan 350 mV. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa MEA meningkatkan konduktivitas proton lebih tinggi., Polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell for membrane electrode assembly (MEA) application must be stable in high temperature, high proton conductivity, and low methanol permeability. In this experiment, MEA based on sulfonated polystyrene (PSS) was prepared by using oleum at 60 ºC. The degree of sulfonation which gained through sulfonation process is 21.35%. Membrane characterization using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer showed –SO3 absorption at 1274 cm-1 and 1120 cm-1. MEA is a component from proton exchange membrane fuel cell with both side of the membrane was flanked by electrode as catalyst. The catalyst used was Ag/C 20% prepared by hotpress method. Scanning electron microscopy showed that MEA-PS has a rigid structure that than of MEA-PSS. The performance of membrane was tested on direct methanol fuel cell. The MEA-PSS had the highest proton conductivity of 2.2390×10-4 S/cm and the potential different of 350 mV. This indicate that MEA can increase proton conductivity. Keyword: fuel cell, membrane electrode assembly, sulfonated polystyrene
Keyword: membrane electrode assembly, polistirena tersulfonasi, sel bahan bakar

Judul: Ragam jenis ektoparasit burung tekukur (Streptopelia chinensis) dan burung puter (Streptopelia bitorquata) di penangkaran
Abstrak: Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove are the bird species that are easily raised in captivity. Nevertheless, good management is required to successfully breed and raise the birds in captivity; otherwise, the condition may endanger the sustainability of the two bird species. Information on ectoparasites on the bodies of this bird as well as their captivity breeding has not been available, although admittedly taking ectoparasites from these bird families has much been done so that a research is obviously needed. This study aimed to find out various kinds of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove ectoparasites and to learn various kinds of parasitic insects around the Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages. The study was conducted from April to June 2010. The methods of data collection included the general condition of the location, collection of ectoparasites specimens, processing and specimens identification. The data analysis was done descriptively and tabulated with the degree of infestation. The kinds of ectoparasites from the class of insects found in the body of Spotted dove were Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae of phthiraptera order and Pseudolynchia canariensis of diptera order, and arachnida class, that is, tungau from the pterolichidae family. In terms of ectoparasites, Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove were similar, except that Javan turtle dove had no Pseudolynchia canariensis. Goniocotes sp. and Columbicola columbae were mallopaga order (biting lice) and were obligate. The kinds of parasitic insects in the vicinity of Spotted dove and Javan turtle dove cages were from the Ordo Diptera. The diptera classified as parasites included Anopheles, Culex, Psychodidae, Culicoides and Simulium, most of them vectors of disease. The presence of ectoparasites was closely related to how a breeding place is managed.
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