Judul: Pengaruh Wanita Bekerja terhadap Keberhasilan Pendidikan Formal Anak (Kasus di Perumahan Sawati Mas, Desa Cipondok, Kecamatan Sukaresik, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The purpose of this research are to analyze the effect of working woman towards child’s formal education successfull. Respondent of research are 32 women who live at Perumahan Sawati Mas, Desa Cipondok, Kecamatan Sukaresik, Kabupaten Tasikmalaya, West Java, who have been married and who have school age children. The research use quantitative and qualitative methods. Reseach also uses Rank-Spearman statistic test to examine correlation between variables. The result of research shows that effect of supporting factors towards woman work time. Woman work time effect towards child’s misbehavior and woman working conditions. Woman working conditions effect towards women’s decision making. Women’s decision making effect toward child’s misbehavior and success of child’s formal education.
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Judul: Pengaruh pendidikan non - formal terhadap peluang berusaha bagi wanita pedesaan
Abstrak: Data penelitian di Jawa Barat tahun 1977-1978 (Oleh Pudjiwati Sajogyo) menunjukkan bahwa wanita pedesaan mempunyai peran ganda. Kenyataan dan norma memperlihatkan bahwa wanita dalam keluarga mempunyai peranan sebagai ibu rumah tangga yang bekerja mengurus rumah tangga sebagai bagian dari proses reproduksi dan sosialisasi anak. Se- bagai anggota keluarga dan rumah tangga dalam masyarakat luas wanita mempunyai peranan di bidang pekerjaan nafkah, khususnya dalam usahatani keluarga. Pada rumah tangga yang tidak mampu wanita pun bekerja sebagai baruh tani; ternyata hal ini dapat mendukung kelangsungan dan ketahanan hidup keluarga. Kondisi ekonomi keluarga yang belum mencukupi kebutuhan anggotanya mendorong wanita untuk memanfaatkan peluang bekerja yang ada dalam masyarakat. Perlu diperhatikan bahwa 10% dari rumah tangga di Indonesia adalah female headed huosehcids (BPS Sensus Pertanian, 1983). Dengan demikian sumbangan nafkah wanita tidak dapat diabaikan. Kenyataan yang ada menunjukkan bahwa lapangan pekerjaan yang menyerap tenaga kerja wanita masih terbatas. Hal ini karena masih adanya anggapan bahwa pekerjaan nafkah adalah pekerjaan pria. wanita adalah pendidikan. Masalah lain yang dihadapi Dalam pendidikan formal per bandingan pria dan wanita untuk memperoleh pendidikan masih 1 berbanding 3. Selain itu masuknya teknologi pertanian modern telah pula membatasi peluang bekerja wanita di sektor pertanian...
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable