Judul: Health, Biomechanics, and Root Architecture of Large and Old Dipterocarp Trees in the Urban Landscape of the Bogor Botanic Gardens
Abstrak: Large and old trees play a pivotal ecological role within the ecosystem by offering crucial habitats for fauna and epiphytes, supporting nutrient cycles, and storing substantial amounts of carbon. Furthermore, the presence of these venerable trees in the urban landscape often represents an integral part of the city's historical narrative. Consequently, researchers and governments in various countries accord special attention to the existence and well-being of these trees as part of their conservation endeavors. However, in Indonesia, there needs to be more research on the characteristics of large and ancient trees in urban settings, particularly concerning their health, biomechanics, and root architecture. Information pertaining to the health, biomechanics, and architecture of tree roots is imperative for anticipating the risk of tree failure and formulating effective conservation strategies. In Indonesia, large and old trees, especially of the dipterocarp species, possess significant ecological and historical value in urban landscapes. A comprehensive study was undertaken to evaluate the variability in the health, biomechanics, and root architecture of large and old dipterocarp trees within the urban landscape of the Bogor Botanic Gardens. Forty-five trees, classified as large (diameter at breast height (Dbh), ≥60 cm) and old (≥100 years), were carefully selected from the ex-situ conservation area. These trees, representing five genera (Anisoptera, Dipterocarpus, Hopea, Shorea, and Vatica), served as the focal point for the study. To assess the health variability of the target trees, the Forest Health Monitoring (FHM) method, developed through a collaborative effort between the International Tropical Timber Organization (ITTO) and the Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (SEAMEO-BIOTROP), was employed. Additionally, the Visual Tree Health Assessment from the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) was utilized. Subsequent to the health analysis, the biomechanics of the target trees were evaluated using the Euler and Ylinen critical bending height values, along with the safety factor. Concurrently, the root architecture of the trees was examined through the implementation of Object Mapper and Blender software, utilizing ground-penetrating radar (GPR) for detection. The findings revealed a diverse age range among the target trees, spanning from 106 to 156 years. Some of these trees displayed distinctive buttresses, with a mean diameter at breast height (Dbh) of 95.6±50.3 cm, a height (H) averaging 33.9±9.7 m, and a crown diameter (Dc) of 15.9±7.6 m. Notably, tree height exhibited a positive correlation with Dbh and crown diameter. Instances of damage or defects were more prevalent on the lower-upper trunk (35.3%) and within the crown's trunk (29.4%). The primary types of damage identified were a) conk and advanced decay, b) exposed cavity, and c) termite galleries. These damages contributed to a reduction in tree trunk mass density to 84.9±23.5%. Despite these observations, all target trees were classified as experiencing light to healthy damage. Consequently, the risk rating calculation indicated that all target trees held a low failure risk rating (RR). Moreover, a significant correlation was observed between the damage index value (DIV) and RR, with a correlation coefficient of 0.93. The research findings indicate that trees with bigger sizes and buttresses have greater trunk and crown weight loads (123.74 kN, 20,122.19 kN) compared
Keyword: biomechanics, large and old trees, roots architecture, tree health assessment, urban landscape

Judul: Analysis of Tree Crown Health in Planting Plot XXIVA at Bogor Botanical Garden
Abstrak: Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB) merupakan salah satu bentuk hutan kota yang memiliki visi menjadi kebun raya kelas dunia, terutama dalam bidang konservasi tumbuhan. Pohon sebagai obyek utama daya tarik KRB diharapkan terjamin kesehatannya sehingga memberikan rasa aman dan nyaman bagi pengunjung. Pengelolaan kesehatan ekologis diperlukan untuk memantau kesehatan pohon, dengan salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan adalah Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). FHM dapat digunakan untuk memantau dan menerangkan kondisi tumbuhan karena dapat menilai kesehatan hutan berdasarkan kesehatan pohon penyusun serta memberikan informasi terkait kondisi kesehatan hutan melalui penilaian indikator dan kuantifikasi parameter kesehatan hutan. Salah satu indikator yang dinilai adalah kondisi kesehatan tajuk. Penilitian ini bertujuan mengukur tingkat kesehatan kondisi tajuk pohon pada petak tanam XXIVA KRB dengan menggunakan metode FHM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pohon-pohon klaster plot FHM KRB pada petak tanam XXIVA memiliki Skor VCR sebesar 7 dengan kategori kesehatan tajuk baik. Klaster plot FHM KRB memiliki nilai rata-rata CSI sebesar 15,3 dan nilai rata-rata CDI sebesar 23,8. Terminalia sp. menjadi spesies dengan nilai CSI tertinggi sebesar 45,8 dan Artocarpus sp. menjadi spesies dengan nilai CDI tertinggi sebesar 55,0., Bogor Botanical Garden (KRB) is a form of an urban forest that has a vision to become a world-class botanical garden, especially in the field of plant conservation. Trees as the main object of KRB attraction are expected to be in healthy condition to guarantee a sense of security and comfort for visitors. Ecological health management is needed to monitor tree health; one of the methods that can be used is Forest Health Monitoring (FHM). FHM can be used to monitor and explain trees conditions because it can assess forest health conditions through indicator assessment and quantification of forest health parameters. One of indicator assessed is trees crown health. This study aims to measure the health level of tree crown conditions in the planting plot XXIVA of KRB using the FHM method. The results showed that the trees the FHM KRB plot cluster at planting plot XXIVA had a VCR Score of 7 with a good crown health category. The FHM KRB plot cluster has an average CSI value of 15.3 and an average CDI value of 23.8. Terminalia sp. became the species with the highest CSI value of 45.8 and Artocarpus sp. became the species with the highest CDI value of 55,0.
Keyword: forest health monitoring, health level, tree quality

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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