Judul: Transformasi Model Penyuluhan Pertanian Menuju Pengembangan Kemandirian Petani (Kasus di Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Berbagai usaha pemerintah untuk mencapai swasembada pangan nasional telah dilakukan dengan berbagai cara dan berbagai subsidi harga dasar produk pertanian, subsidi pupuk dan faktor input produksi lainnya, pembangunan infrastruktur irigasi, serta prasarana transportasi. Disamping itu, berbagai kegiatan penelitian dan pengembangan fasilitas penyuluhan sudah dilakukan, sehingga pada tahun 1984 Indonesia mengikrarkan diri sebagai negara berswasembada beras. Namun, kondisi swasembada beras tersebut tidak bertahan lama, karena dua tahun kemudian Indonesia kembali menjadi negara pengimpor beras lagi. Ketika dana pemerintah dari sumber minyak bumi semakin menurun, berbagai subsidi terutama bagi sektor pertanian makin dikurangi dan penggalian sumberdana pemerintah daerah makin lebih diintensifkan, maka lalu diterapkan pengembangan otonomi daerah.
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Judul: Pengaruh Swasembada Beras terhadap Kesejahteraan Petani di Indonesia: Pendekatan data panel dinamis
Abstrak: For decades, Indonesia has implemented Rice Self-Sufficiency (RSS) policy aimed at increasing domestic rice production and reducing imports. Over time, the policy is prioritized because rice shortages can lead to uncontrolled prices, increased poverty rates, and political instability. In the same time rice has become more vital than other local staple foods and positioning Indonesia as the third highest rice consumption per capita in the world. However, the constantly rising demand, driven by population growth and income increases, is not always met by domestic production. Claiming RSS will benefit farmers is debatable. Many people claim high dependency on rice would give power to suppliers, enable farmers to become price makers instead of price takers. Moreover, the policy is believed can protect rice farmers against cheap imported rice dumping on the market. However, on the other hand, it has been argued that farmers' characteristics have not changed significantly over the past 50 years. The majority of farmers are small-scale. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the effect of RSS achievement on farmers' welfare by using a dynamic panel data approach. The main results indicate that the RSS rate and GKG (dried unhusked grain) production are statistically insignificant in increasing Farmers' Terms of Trade (FToT) of food crops sector across all model estimations. This suggest that there is no evidence that increasing rice production and achieving RSS has benefited rice farmers. The only variable that is significant in the model is GKP (dried harvested grain) price. However, due to the rice price has asymmetric characteristics and inefficiency in the rice supply chain and other complicating farmers’ issues, the government policy is insufficient to improve the welfare of farmers. Furthermore, rice cultivation appears to benefit middlemen, wholesalers, and retailers, rather than small farmers. The ratio between trade margins and farmers' share in rice markets has not changed for many years. The share is always 30% for farmers and 70% for margin traders. While increasing productivity through technology adoption is one solution, diversifying sources of production and consumption may be the right choice to avoid the trap of rice dependence and increase farmers’ income. Indonesia has potential for non-rice food resources. Therefore, this would involve facilitating public services to assist farmers in their crop choices, rather than distorting policy to promote increased rice production., Selama beberapa dekade, Indonesia telah menerapkan kebijakan swasembada beras yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan produksi beras dalam negeri dan mengurangi impor. Kebijakan ini menjadi prioritas karena kekurangan suplai beras dapat menyebabkan harga yang tidak terkontrol dan berakibat pada peningkatan kemiskinan, dan ketidakstabilan politik. Pada saat yang sama, beras telah menjadi sangat vital dibandingkan dengan makanan pokok lokal lainnya dimana Indonesia menjadi negara dengan konsumsi beras per kapita tertinggi ketiga di dunia. Namun, permintaan yang terus meningkat, dipicu oleh pertumbuhan penduduk dan peningkatan pendapatan, tidak selalu dapat dipenuhi oleh produksi dalam negeri. Klaim bahwa swasembada beras akan menguntungkan petani menjadi masih menjadi perdebatan. Pada satu sisi, ketergantungan tinggi pada beras dinilai akan memberikan keutungan kepada pemasok, sehingga petani menjadi pembuat harga daripada hanya penerima harga. Selain itu, kebijakan ini diyakini dapat melindungi petani beras
Keyword: rice self-sufficiency, farmers, dynamic panel data

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan