Judul: The strategy in handling level differences of Entrepreneurship Group (KUBE) development based on KUBE development typology: A case study at RW 01 Kelurahan Kebon Waru, Kecamatan Batununggal, Kota Bandung, Propinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Poverty is a condition of inability to fulfill the basic needs based on values or norms in the community. The empowerment strategy used is one intended to handle poverty using a group approach through KUBE. Yet, there are a lot of KUBEs organized by the government fail to achieve their goals because of the ir unification in the development strategy. The study results showed that there were level differences of development in KUBE of “Bhakti Kesuma Organized Community Empowerment-1” (KUBE HPMBK-1), KUBE HPMBK-2, and KUBE HPMBK-3, even when those KUBE began to organize they were in the same condition and quality. Referring to the development typology, the typology of KUBE HPMBK-1 was in the developing one, KUBE HPMBK-2 and 3 were in the growing typology. The differences of KUBE typology indicated the lameness in KUBE development level. Accordingly, the formulation of strategy in handling the level differences of KUBE development is needed based on KUBE development typology so that there would be a unification of KUBE development. The successful of KUBE could be reached not only in organizational but also in economical and social aspects. The KUBE differences made the emergence of general and special problems experienced by each KUBE. The general problem was experienced by those three KUBE, while special problem was only faced by KUBE HPMBK-2 and 3. This condition made KUBE HPMBK-2 and 3 were still in a growing position. Problems faced by KUBE HPMBK-2 and 3 (growing typology) were: 1) The agency officers do not work suitable with their job description, 2) The members of KUBE do not obey the rules appropriately, 3) The lack of cooperation among the members in developing KUBE, 4) The lack of capitalization for business development, 5) The lack of knowledge and skills in organizing KUBE, 6) The lack of networking or partnership with the other parties. Problems faced by KUBE HPMBK-1 (developing typology) are: 1) The lack of knowledge and skills to organize KUBE, 2) The lack of capitalization to develop the business, 3) The lack of networking or partnership with other parties. The problems that are faced by the three KUBE need to be overcome in order that there will not be the lameness in KUBE. Therefore, KUBE needs a strategy in the form of a program that is intended to handle the lameness of KUBE development level. The programs on KUBE HPMBK-2 and 3 are increasing the motivation and organization of KUBE through:1) Officers re-organization, 2) Increasing the consciousness of members toward the rules agreed by all members, 3) Increasing the cooperation among the members, 4) Increasing the capitalization, 5) Increasing the knowledge and skills of the officers in organizing KUBE, 6) Developing the networking/partnership. The KUBE HPMBK-1 program is increasing the KUBE organization through: 1) Increasing the knowledge and skills of the officers and members in organizing KUBE, 2) Increasing the capitalization capacity, 3) Developing networking/partnership. It should be an involvement of Social Department, Social Agency and Bandung government to realize those programs.
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Judul: The Strategic and Programs of Empowerment Poor People through Kelompok Usaha Bersama in Bogor District
Abstrak: The objective of the research is to formulate strategic development of empowering the poor people through Kelompok Usaha Bersama (KUBE) relevant by needs, characteristic of poor people, and reducing of poverty policy in Bogor District. The first to do is investigate the characteristic of poor people, second, to analyze the policy of government in reducing poverty and the implementation itself, and third, to evaluate the process of empowering poor people with Bantuan Langsung Pemberdayaan Sosial (BLPS) for strengthening the capital of KUBE. The data were collected through observation and interview to the respondents that know about the policy under study. The data were analyzed by using descriptive analysis, content analysis, and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). This study has identified three alternatives of policy through AHP, namely: improving the rule and management program, empowering the poor people based community, increasing performance of KUBE, with 9 aspects that consider and 19 strategic steps. The weight and importance of each by expert`s judgment, with the goal of identifying and determining the superior criteria for developing policy of empowering poor people through in KUBE at Bogor District. The results showed that alternatives such as: increasing intensity of companion, non-formal education, and selection of targets having the highest degrees of importance 0.106, 0.091, and 0.076, respectively, and cooperative with the lowest degree of importance of 0.010.
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Judul: Minyak Atsjri Daun Sirih Sebagai Antibakteri Streptococcus Inutans Dalam Pasta Gigi
Abstrak: Fluor dalam bentuk natrium fluorida (NaF) merupakan bahan antibakteri pada pasta gigi. Namun penggunaan fluoi' yang berlebihan dapat mengakibatkan fluorosis email sehingga perlu bah an antibakteri alternatif yang dapat menggantikan fluor. Salah satunya adalah daun sirih yang selama ini digunakan menginang dengan kepercayaan bahwa daun sirih dapat menguatkan gigi. Hasil analisis kimia menunjukkan bahwa daun sirih mengandung minyak atsiri yang komponen utamanya merupakan senyawa fenol dan turunannya yang bel'potensi sebagai antibakteri. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan destilasi daun sirih menggunakan uap air, penentuan sifat fisik minyak atsiri, penentuan koefisien fenal dan uji pendahuluan aktivitas antibakteri minyak atsiri terhadap Streptococcus mu(ans. Untuk membandillgkan dellgan fluor, dilakukan pula uji pendahuluan aktivitas anribakteri pada NaF. Selanjutnya minyak atsiri dan NaF diformulasikan dalam pasta gigi dan dilakukan uji aktivitas antibakteri. Pad a pasta gigi yang mengandung daull sirih juga dilakukan penambahan vitamin E untuk menghilangkan warna caklat yang timbul .kibat reaksi oksidasi. Dalln sirih yang didestilasi pada penelitinn ini menghasilkan minyak alsiri dcngall rClldcmcn 0,2132%. Minyak berwarna kuning jernih, berbau kilas sirih, larut dalam alkohol 85%, memiliki bobot jenis sebesar 0,9898 glml, indeks bias sebesar 1,5026°. dan rotasi optis spesifik sebesar-145,47° Minyak atsiri daun sirih memiilki koefisien fenol sebesar tiga. Minyak atsiri dan NaP memiliki aktivitas antibakteri pada konsentrasi rendah (0, I % biv) dengan aktivitas minyak atsiri yang lebih besar dibanding NaF. Daya antibakteri minyak atsiri bersifat bakterisidal sedangkan NaF bersifat bakteriostatik. Pasta gigi yang mengandung NaF menunjukkan aktivitas antibakteri pad a konsentrasi 0.75% (bib) sedangkan pasta gigi yang mengandung minyak atsiri dan minyak atsiri yang diberi vitamin E pada konsentrasi 0, I % (bib).
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