Judul: Morphological Characteristics, Growth, and  Cellulolytic Activity of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SLBD Bacteria from Horse  Feces (Equus caballus).
Abstrak: Selulase, enzim yang banyak dikembangkan untuk tujuan industri, diproduksi oleh berbagai sumber, termasuk bakteri. Meskipun banyak laporan tentang bakteri yang memproduksi cellulose-degrading enzymes (CDE). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SLBD (Ba-SLBD) telah diisolasi dikonfirmasi untuk menghasilkan CDE dengan aplikasi yang menjanjikan, meskipun membutuhkan karakterisasi lebih lanjut. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengkarakterisasi pertumbuhan, morfologi, dan aktivitas enzim Ba-SLBD. Spesies SLBD tumbuh secara optimal pada 37 °C di lingkungan Luria Bertani (LB). Aktivitas CDE, yang diuji terhadap carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) dan mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), bergantung pada substrat, menunjukkan aktivitas tertinggi dengan CMC. Selain itu, pewarnaan gram, analisis Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), dan SDS-PAGE digunakan untuk menentukan berat molekul Ba-SLBD. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa fase stasioner optimal untuk produksi cellulase, dengan zona yang jelas 36,23 ± 3,43 mm untuk CMC dan 27,40 ± 5,57 mm untuk MOS, yang menunjukkan aktivitas selulolitik yang signifikan., Cellulase, an enzyme widely developed for industrial purposes, is produced by various sources, including bacteria. Despite numerous reports of bacteria producing cellulose-degrading enzymes (CDE). Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SLBD (Ba-SLBD) has been isolated confirmed to produce CDE with promising applications, though it requires further characterization. This study aims to characterize the growth, morphology, and enzymatic activity of Ba-SLBD. The SLBD strain grew optimally at 37 °C in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium. Its CDE activity, tested against carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and mannan oligosaccharides (MOS), was substrate-dependent, showing the highest activity with CMC. Additionally, gram staining, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis, and SDS-PAGE were used to determine the molecular weight of Ba SLBD. The study found that the stationary phase is optimal for cellulase production, with clear zones of 36.23±3.43 mm for CMC and 27.40±5.57 mm for MOS, indicating significant cellulolytic activity.
Keyword: Bacillus amyloliquefaciens SLBD, aktivitas selulolitik, bakteri penghasil selulosa, feses kuda

Judul: Isolasi, dan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik asal feses kuda (Equus caballus).
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan karakterisasi bakteri selulolitik asal feses kuda yang diambil dari Equistrian center, Unit Rehabilitasi dan Reproduksi, Sekolah Kedokteran Hewan dan Biomedis Institut Pertanian Bogor (URR SKHB IPB). Penelitian dilakukan dalam tiga tahap. Tahap pertama adalah isolasi bakteri asal feses kuda dengan media N 98-5 dan media selektif selulolitik, tahap kedua dilakukan penapisan bakteri selulolitik dan tahap ketiga uji karaktererisasi isolat terpilih (uji gula-gula pereduksi, uji makroskopis, uji katalase, pewarnaan gram, dan uji aktivitas enzim selulase). Analisis aktivitas enzim menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial dengan suhu, pH dan substrat yang berbeda. Suhu yang digunakan ialah 40o C, 50o C dan 60oC, pH yang digunakan ialah 5,6,7,8 serta substrat yang digunakan ialah CMC, Avicel dan Kertas Saring. Hasil penelitian ini di peroleh 3 isolat dengan nilai indeks selulolitik tertinggi yaitu isolat 1 (985.P.K.2.2), isolat 2 (985.P.K.2.3) dan isolat 3 (985.P.K.2.4). Hasil uji karakteriasi menunjukkan ketiga isolat memiliki morfologi yang berbeda. Isolat 2 dan 3, gram positif dan isolat 1, gram negatif. Hasil uji gula-gula pereduksi menunjukkan isolat 1 mampu mereduksi laktosa dan sukrosa, isolat 2 mampu mereduksi laktosa, dan isolat 3 mampu mereduksi sukrosa. Isolat 2 merupakan isolat dengan nilai indeks tertinggi dibandingkan isolat 1 dan 3 serta memiliki aktivitas enzim tertinggi. Hasil uji aktivitas enzim menunjukkan isolat 2 menghasilkan aktivitas terbaik dengan suhu optimum pada suhu 40o C dan pH optimum 5 dengan substrat kertas saring. Disimpulkan bahwa isolat 2, kandidat isolat terbaik dan hasil uji karakterisasi isolat 2 mengarah pada genus dari Bacillus., This study aimed to isolate and characterize cellulolytic bacteria from horse faeces taken from the Equistrian center, Rehabilitation and Reproduction Unit, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical, Bogor Agricultural University (URR SKHB IPB). The research was conducted in three stages. The first stage was the isolation of bacteria from horse feces using N 98-5 media and selective cellulolytic media, the second stage was screening for cellulolytic bacteria and the third stage was the characterization test of the selected isolates (reducing sugar test, macroscopic test, catalase test, gram staining, and cellulase activity). The enzyme activity analysis used a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) with different temperatures, pH and substrates. The temperatures used were 40oC, 50oC and 60oC, the pH used was 5,6,7,8 and the substrates used were CMC, Avicel and filter paper. The results of this study obtained 3 isolates with the highest cellulolytic index value, namely isolate 1 (985.P.K.2.2), isolate 2 (985.P.K.2.3) and isolate 3 (985.P.K.2.4). The results of the characterization test showed that the three isolates had different morphology. Isolates 2 and 3, gram positive and isolate 1, gram negative. The results of the reducing sugar test showed that isolate 1 was able to reduce lactose and sucrose, isolate 2 was able to reduce lactose, and isolate 3 was able to reduce sucrose. Isolate 2 was the isolate with the highest index value compared to isolates 1 and 3 and had the highest enzyme activity. The results of the enzyme activity test showed that isolate 2 produced the best activity at an optimum temperature of 40oC and an optimum pH of
Keyword: bacillus, cellulolytic bacteria, enzyme activity, faeces hourse, fibrobacter

Judul: Implementasi Jaringan Peer-to-Peer Tak Terstruktur Menggunakan Protokol JXTA
Abstrak: Internet is useful for communication, exchanging information, and businesses. Most internet network is based on client-server system, which is a centralized network. The server acts as the center of network and has the ability to transfer data as requested by the client. In a client-server system, the network will be down if the server is busy or interrupted. This disadvantage can be solved by Peer-to-Peer (P2P) network. In P2P network, client or “peer” can communicate with other peers without relying on the server. One of the P2P network protocols is JXTA protocol, an open source protocol that can connect mobile devices or computers to P2P network. The objective of this research was to implement the unstructured P2P application by using JXTA protocol and additional peer group. In this research, the features of investigated P2P application were chatting within peer group, searching for files, and downloading files. It was found that these features can only be performed by peers that were directly connected to other peers in the same subnet. Furthermore, this research showed that the highest percentage of overhead file was 10.13% and the percentage of overhead protocol did not exceed 0.5%
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