Judul: Karakterisasi Molekuler Padi Transgenik dengan Beberapa Metode Isolasi DNA
Abstrak: Rice is a major food commodity for agroindustrial country. Grain size is a major determinant of grain quality. One attempt that has been made in research to increase rice production is assembly of transgenic plants inserted with Os-GS3 (Oryza sativa Grain Size 3) gene. The material used in this study is cultivar Taipei 309. Rice plants that have been inserted with Os-GS3 gene were grown and the presence of the genes was analyzed through molecular characterization by PCR and Southern hybridization. DNA isolation methods used in this study were the simple method, miniprep scale, and large scale. They were compared to obtain the most efficient method in terms of turnaround time and resources used for PCR and Southern hybridization. PCR analysis of the three methods produced bands of the same size, in that 500 bp. Southern hybridization test of the DNA isolated using the large scale method produced bands or copy genes, where as that isolated using miniprep method did not produce band. The fast scale method is the most efficient DNA isolation method for PCR analysis, where as the large scale method is the most efficient DNA isolation method for Southern hybridization. The results in the silencing of gene expression of Os-GS3 with antisense RNA was successful when 4 transgenes integrated into the plant genome.
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Judul: Transformasi Genetika Padi Indica dengan Gen OsMADS18 Menggunakan Agrobacterium Tumefaciens untuk Merakit Varietas Padi Umur Pendek
Abstrak: Rice is the staple food of more than half the world's human population. The need of rice each year continues to increase with increasing population. This study aimed to assemble a short-lived rice varieties by introducing OsMADS18 gene into the genome of plants using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. OsMADS18 gene is a short age gene which has been successfully constructed to pCAMBIA1301 vector under CaMV35S constitutive promoter. This is evidenced by the emergence of 12561 bp DNA band size, this measure is a combination among vector pCAMBIA 1301 (11819 bp) and OsMADS18 genes (742 bp). Then the vector pCAMBIA 1301 that contains OsMADS18, was used to transform Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 through Heat-shock method. The success of transformation marked by the growth of the white colonies Agrobacterium tumefaciens on solid media LB, this media contained antibiotic, X-gal and IPTG. Then the bacteria are used to transforms 50 calli Indica rice by soaking the calli into colonies for 20 minutes. The calli moved to selection media that contains hygromycin. After 14 days, calli that resistant to hygromycin moved to regeneration media R3B grown for transgenic plant. 18 transformants plantlets were obtained. Gus-A successful test on the show with the appearance of blue color in leaf tissues. While PCR analysis of the 18 transgenic plantlets produced 742 bp sized bands.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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