Judul: Mempelajari Sifat Antimikotik Lactobacillus plantarum kik terhadap Penicillium citrinum
Abstrak: Kontaminasi kapang penghasil mikotoksin pada kacang tanah, jagung, beras, gailduill dan pangan olahannya inenimbulkan masalah bagi kesehatan manusia. Kapang Penicillium citrinum merupakan salah satu kapang penghasil inikotoksin selain Aspergillus j7avus dan Fusarium graminearum. Dengan proses pengolahan cemaran mikotoksin masih belum dapat dihilangkan sampai batas aman. Oleh karena itu perlu diupayakan agar cemaran mikotoksin dan kapang penghasilnya dapat dihilangkan. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan menggunakan bakteri asain laktat (BAL). Penggunaan BAL telah diketahui mampu menghainbat peturnbullan bakteri perusak dan patogen karena memproduksi senyawa antimikroba seperti asam, bakteriosin, C02, diasetil dan H202. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat antimikotik Lactobacillus platzrarum kik dal mekanisn~e penghambatannya yang meliputi penghambatan terhadap viabilitas dan gerininasi spora kapang P. citritzum serta pengaruh jenis asaln terhadap aktivitas antimikotik.
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Judul: Sifat antimikotik bakteri asam laktat yang berasal dari dadih dan tempoyak terhadap beberapa jenis kapang
Abstrak: Kerusakan bahan pangan yang disebabkan oleh kapang telah diketahui sejak lama. Selain dapat menyebabkan kehilangan ekonomi yang sangat besar terhadap kualitas bahan pangan, beberapa kapang dapat memproduksi zat racun yang dapat membahayakan manusia. Zat racun ini berupa mikotoksin yang beberapa bersifat toksigenik, karsinogenik, teratogenik dan mutagenik. Kapang yang memproduksi mikotoksin temtama jenis Aspergillus, Penicillium dan Fusarium yang sering mengkontaminasi bahan pangan serealia dan biji-bijian. Mikotoksin umumnya tahan terhadap panas sehingga proses pengolahan dan pemasakan tidak menjamin hilangnya atau berkurang aktivitas toksin ini. Hasil pengaruh kultur campuran BAL menunjukkan bahwa L. plantarum isolat makanan yang dicampurkan dengan Le. lactis subsp. lac/is diketahui mampu menghambat pertumbuhan kapang dengan berat ke1ing miselia yang tidak berbeda dari kultur tunggahlya. Berat ke1ing miselia yang dihasilkan oleh kultur campuran berkisar antara 2.06-2.76 mg/ml atau potensi antimikotikuya sebesar 50-63% terhadap A. jlavus, 1.55-1.68 mg/ml atau 63-66% potensi antiinikotik terhadap P. citrinum clan 0. 78-1.25 mg/ml atau 77-85% potensi antimikotikuya terhadap F. graminearum.
Keyword: mycotoxins, F. graminearum, mold spores germination

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite