Judul: Degradability Of Leguminous Protein As A Green Source Of Daily Cattle Protein and Database Development for NIRS
Abstrak: Degradasi protein leguminosa dianalisis untuk kebutuhan database NIRS agar di dapat data yang akurat dan tepat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif yang menggunakan metode in sacco untuk inkubasi di dalam rumen dengan waktu 0, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, dan 72 jam. Residu dari sampel yang telah di in sacco kemudian di analisi kandungan BK (bahan kering), BO (bahan organik), dan PK (protein kasar). Hasil analisis ini kemudian di kalibrasi NIRS (Near Infra-red Spectroscopy) dengan metode PLS dan eksternal validasi dengan menggunakan analisis T-Test (Paired Sample T-Test). Laju degradasi leguminosa yang mencapai 60% selama waktu inkubasi diantaranya adalah indigofera, kelor, sesereuhan, bauhinia, gamal, lamtoro, alfalfa, aracis, dan angsana. Hasil validasi eksternal yang di uji menggunakan T-Test database dari parameter kinetik DBK b dan a+b serta parameter RDP dan RUP menunjukan akurasi yang baik untuk pengembangan database NIRS sedangkan, beberapa parameter lainnya masih menunjukkan akurasi yang rendah seperti pada parameter DBK (a, c, dan DE), DBO (a, b, a+b, c dan DE), dan DPK (a, b, a+b, c, dan DE)., The degradation of legumes was analyzed to develop the NIRS accurate and precise database. This study is an exploratory using the in sacco method for incubations time of 0, 6, 9, 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours. The residue from the in-sacco sample was analyzed for the content of DM (dry matter), OM (organic matter), and CP (crude protein). The results of this analysis were calibrated NIRS (Near Infrared Spectroscopy) with the PLS method and externally validated using the T-Test (Paired Sample T-Test) analysis. The degradation rate of legumes reached 60% during incubation, including Indigofera, moringa, sesereuhan, bauhinia, Gamal, lamtoro, alfalfa, aracis, and Angsana. The results of external validation that were tested using the T-Test database of DMD b and a+b kinetic parameters as well as RDP and RUP parameters showed good accuracy for the NIRS database, while other parameters still showed low accuracy as in the parameters of DMD (a, c, and ED), OMD (a, b, a+b, c and ED), and CPD (a, b, a+b, c, and ED).
Keyword: database, in sacco, legumes, NIRS, protein degradation

Judul: Inventory Minerals Legum for Calculation Dietary Cation Anion Difference and The Development as A NIRS Database
Abstrak: Leguminosa yang beragam dari berbagai tempat memengaruhi keberagaman kandungan mineral sehingga penelitian ini bertujuan menginventarisasi kandungan mineral legum, mengevaluasi nilai Dietary Cation Anion Difference (DCAD) dan keakuratan kualitas mineral legum dalam pengembangan database NIRS. Sampel legum dikeringkan, digiling, dan dianalisis kandungan mineral Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, dan Cu dengan alat Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry (AAS), mineral P dan S dengan spektrofotometer, dan Cl dengan metode titrasi. Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kandungan mineral leguminosa bervariasi. Beberapa hijauan kaya akan mineral tertentu yang berpotensi dijadikan pakan sumber mineral. Nilai DCAD pada legum bervariasi dan sebagian besar bersifat kationik. Semua parameter mempunyai nilai R2>0,6. Nilai Residual Prediction Deviation (RPD)>1,5 pada semua parameter pada kalibrasi, sedangkan model yang tidak dapat digunakan pada proses validasi pada parameter Na, Mg, dan DCAD. Uji T-Test menampilkan tidak terdapat perbedaan yang nyata antara hasil prediksi Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) dan hasil laboratorium pada semua parameter kecuali pada parameter Ca, Mg, K, dan Zn, sehingga, dapat disimpulkan parameter mineral dan DCAD sudah akurat (Standard Error Prediction (SEP)/ Standard Error Laboratory (SEL)<2), kecuali parameter Na, P, K dan Fe., The various legumes from various places affect the diversity of mineral content, so this study aimed to inventory the mineral content of legumes, evaluate the value of Dietary Cation Anion Difference (DCAD), and the accuracy of the quality of legume minerals in the development of the Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry (NIRS) database. Legume samples were dried, ground, and analyzed for the mineral content of Ca, Na, K, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, and Cu with Atomic Absorption Spectrofotometry (AAS), minerals P and S with a spectrophotometer, and Cl by titration method. The results showed that the mineral content of legumes varies. Some forages are rich in certain minerals that have the potential to be used as mineral source feed. The value of DCAD on legumes varies and is mainly cationic. All parameters have a value of R2>0.6. The Residual Prediction Deviation (RPD)>1.5 values on all calibration parameters, while models that cannot be used in the validation process on Na, Mg, and DCAD parameters. The T-Test showed no difference between the Near Infrared Spectroscopy (NIRS) prediction results and the laboratory results on all parameters except the Ca, Mg, K, and Zn parameters. It can be concluded that the mineral and DCAD parameters are accurate (Standard Error Prediction (SEP)/ Standard Error Laboratory (SEL)<2), except for the Na, P, K, and Fe parameters.
Keyword: DCAD, Legum, Mineral, NIRS

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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