Judul: Penggunaan Bakteriosin Asal Lactobacillus Plantarum sebagai Pengawet Alami Daging Ayam pada Penyimpanan Suhu Ruang
Abstrak: Bakteriosin merupakan bahan pengawet alami yang aman digunakan untuk makanan. Bakteriosin dapat diproduksi oleh bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dan dapat menjadi bahan bakterisidal gram positif dan gram negatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis produksi dari bakterisosin asal Lactobacillus plantarum pada daging dada ayam dengan perbedaan taraf bakteriosin dan lama penyimpanan. Taraf bakteriosin yang yang digunakan adalah 0% dan 10% dengan metode spray pada lama penyimpanan 0, 5, 10, 15, 20, dan 25 pada suhu ruang. Analisis data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan menggunakan 3 kali pengulangan. Hasil pengujian konsentrasi plantarisin terhadap nilai pH dan aw berbeda nyata (P<0.05). Hasil pengujian lama penyimpanan terhadap kadar air berbeda nyata (P<0.05). Perlakuan plantarisin IIA-1A5 10% mampu mempertahankan kondisi daging ayam lebih baik dibandingkan perlakuan tanpa penambahan plantarisin.
Keyword: bakteriosin, pengawet alami, daging ayam

Judul: Aktivitas Antimikrob Plantarisin Asal Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 dan Aplikasinya Sebagai Pengawet Alami pada Daging Sapi
Abstrak: Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 adalah bakteri asam laktat indegenus yang diisolasi dari daging sapi Indonesia. Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 dilaporkan dapat memproduksi bakteriosin, dikenal sebagai plantarisin IIA-1A5. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisa aktivitas antimikrob plantarisin IIA-1A5 melawan bakteri patogen dan aplikasinya sebagai pengawet alami pada daging sapi. Plantarisin IIA-1A5 dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu pengawet alami pada daging untuk mengurangi cemaran mikroba yang terdapat di daging. Plantarisin IIA-1A5 termasuk jenis bakteriosin kelas IIa. Bakteriosin kelas IIa berukuran kecil (<10 kDa) dan bersifat relatif stabil terhadap panas. Konsentrasi protein plantarisin yang dihasilkan Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 adalah 76.53 μg/mL. Berdasarkan uji tantang, plantarisin IIA-1A5 memiliki aktivitas antimikrob sedang melawan bakteri patogen seperti Salmonella P38, EPEC K11 dan Shigella A33. Aplikasi plantarisin juga efektif sebagai pengawet alami pada daging yang disimpan di suhu ruang dengan penghambatan terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli dan Staphylococcus aureus. Menariknya, plantarisin yang diproduksi Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-1A5 efektif menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri gram positif dan negatif. Berdasarkan analisa kualitas fisikokimia dan mikrobiologi, plantarisin IIA-1A5 dapat direkomendasikan sebagai pengawet alami pada daging.
Keyword: aktivitas antimikrob, bakteriosin, L.plantarum, pengawet alami

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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