Judul: Pendugaan simpanan karbon yang terikat di areal hutan bekas kebakaran PT. Ratah Timber, Kalimantan Timur
Abstrak: Forest is one of natural resources that can be renewable and essential for human life. Forest fire is one of the disorders that occur in the forest. Forest fires cause reduced carbon stored in forests. This study aims to estimate the carbon bound stored in forestland after forest fires in PT. Ratah Timber, East Kalimantan. In this research, carbon bound storage prediction using destructive methods. Data were collected with a plot size 20 m x 50 m in the area of former forest fire as many as 30 pieces. Data was collected base on type of tree, diameter at breast height (dbh), tree height and wet weight. The samples taken are examples of trees with a diameter of 5-9 cm by 30 samples. Dry weight samples were obtained from measurements in the laboratory. Biomass estimators model used is the model by using variable diameter and total height that is B = 0,113501 D1, 22 T1,12. Carbon storage is obtained from half the value of biomass. The results showed that the bound total carbon stored in forestland after forest fires in PT. Ratah Timber, East Kalimantan used for 19,629 tons/ha and a whole area of 168,817 x 103 ton. Trees can provide carbon savings of 34,20 % of total carbon stored while the poles could contribute carbon savings of 33,66% of total carbon savings. Sapling also contribute enough carbon savings that is equal to 18,10% of the total carbon savings. Litters and under plants are also able to absorb carbon in forests. Litters is able to provide carbon deposits 13,05% of total carbon stored while under plant carbon deposits contribute 0,99% of total carbon savings. Saplings and poles contribute significant of saving carbon on the forest.
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Judul: Pemetaan Penyebaran Pohon dan Stok Karbon dengan Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis di PT. Ratah Timber Kalimantan Timur.
Abstrak: Tropical natural forests have a significant role in global climate change. Planning and management of forest resources is absolutely necessary to keep both its sustainability. For that, they need sufficient information that can be used by decision makers, including spatial information. Geographic information system (GIS) is a very useful tool in climate change research, namely in terms of organizing the data, in the form of a global data base, and spatial analysis capabilities for modeling. Geographic information system applications for climate change research is growing rapidly, but for developing countries is still very limited. This study aims to calculate the alleged carbon savings as well as making the tree distribution maps and plots in the area of cutting carbon Q37 Annual Work Plan (RKT) 2011 PT. Ratah Timber, East Kalimantan. This information is expected to be used for the preparation of Annual Work Plan for Timber Utilization (RKTUPHHK), providing information and real contributions in particular to the PT. Ratah Timber of the potential functions of forests as carbon storage in reducing concentrations of green house gases that cause global warming and the material input and consideration in the trading of carbon (carbon trade) world. The data of this study was a secondary data Cruising Report (LHC). This data was then analyzed to determine the number of trees (tree density), basal area (Lbds), tree volume, as well as allegations of biomass and carbon deposits. GIS analysis was then performed to obtain a map of the distribution of trees and carbon. In the area of research plots Q37 was found as many as 1710 trees and 38 species with a density of 17 trees / ha. The potential volume of 52.82 m3/ha tree consist of 13.43 m3/ha core tree, protected tree 5.46 m3/ha, and proper tree felling 33.92 m3/ha. Allegations of carbon deposits was approximated by estimating forest biomass, of which 50% of biomass is carbon (Brown 1997). Biomass estimation was done using equation Allometric made by Brown (1997). Total deposits biomass and carbon contained in the stands in the research area of 48.38 tonnes/ha and 24.19 tonnes C/ha. Feasible tree felling with a diameter ≥ 50 cm will later be made illegal, in other words the carbon stocks lost from logging in the research area of 16.08 tonnes/ha, so that the preparation of carbon deposits contained in the research area of 8.11 tonnes/ha.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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