Judul: Identifikasi Bakteri Endofit Isolat Biogen CC-E76 dengan Teknik 16S rRNA
Abstrak: Endophytic bacteria is bacteria, which is capable to symbiosis with other organisms mutualistically to fulfill nutrition needs. Endophytic bacteria is useful in the fields of agriculture, associated with resistance to pathogens or the ability to form a metabolite that can be transported to each other on endophytic bacteria and plant tissues. One of the endophytic bacterial isolate that successfully collected was Biogen CC-E76 isolate. Strain determination of the endophytic bacteria hasn’t been done. The purpose of this research was to identify endophytic bacteria strain by using 16S rRNA PCR technique, the identifying technique depended on the degree of sequence homology of the small subunit RNA size 16S in diverse bacteria. DNA sequence alignment result (blast) showed that the Biogen CC-E76 isolate is a strain of the bacterium Burkholderia sp. bB24 with homology level of 97%.
Keyword: 16S rRNA PCR technique., Burkholderia sp. bB24, Blast, Biogen CC-E76 isolate

Judul: Analisis Bioinformatika untuk Mencari Spesies Bakteri yang Memiliki Kesamaan Sekuen Gen 16S rRNA dengan Bacillus aquimaris galur SH6 dari Basis Data GenBank.
Abstrak: Bacillus aquimaris galur SH6 merupakan salah satu bakteri penghasil endospora yang dapat menghasilkan karotenoid berpigmen jingga. Analisis bioinformatika dilakukan sebagai langkah awal untuk mencari spesies yang memiliki tingkat kesamaan sekuen gen 16S rRNA yang tinggi dengan B.aquimaris galur SH6. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendapatkan dan menganalisis spesies yang memiliki kesamaan gen 16S rRNA yang tinggi dengan B. aquimaris galur SH6 secara bioinformatika. Sekuen gen 16S rRNA B. aquimaris galur SH6 didapatkan dari basis data GenBank. Sekuen tersebut dimasukkan ke dalam aplikasi nucleotide BLAST dari NCBI untuk melihat homologi dengan spesies terdekat. Sebanyak 12 sekuen hasil BLAST diambil. Perbedaan genom sekuen dihitung menggunakan aplikasi Genome-to-Genome Distance Calculator (GGDC) DSMZ. Hasil perhitungan diubah menjadi data berbentuk tabel. Setiap sekuen dibandingkan dengan teknik Frequency of Chaos Game Representation (FCGR) pada laman BIOPHP FCGR. Selain itu, kandungan GC setiap sekuen juga ditentukan menggunakan alat GC plotting pada laman ENDMEMO. Semua sekuen dilakukan pensejajaran dan analisis filogenetik dengan program MEGA X. Berdasarkan data hasil analisis sekuen 16S rRNA dengan GGDC, FCGR, GC Content Plotting, dan kontruksi pohon filogenetik, didapatkan beberapa sekuen bakteri yang paling berhubungan dekat dengan B. aquimaris galur SH6, di antaranya Bacillus aquimaris galur TF-12, Bacillus marisflavi galur TF-11, dan Bacillus haikouensis galur C-89.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, FCGR, GC content, GGDC, phylogenetic tree

Judul: Impact Of water policy on poverty reduction and women roles in water management In Zimbabwe
Abstrak: Water management is a key factor in the battle to remove the scourge of extreme poverty and to build secure and prosperous lives for people in the developing world. The water sector in Zimbabwe is complicated by the large number of actors; it is interwoven within various ministries. The research used secondary data and review of literature to evaluate how the current water policy has contributed towards marginalising women and the poor. It looked at how actors can also marginalise or put other actors at risk thereby undermining their role through prioritisation of certain projects, stakeholder participation and usage policy. From a descriptive analysis it is found that women are further relegated and marginalised. The poor are further impoverished through marginalisation and vulnerability. The policy environment favours business and state interests against those of grassroots actors and women. It recommends the establishment of home grown pro- poor water management strategies.
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