Judul: Macrozoobenthos Diversity on the Mangrove  Ecosystem in Coast of Kaliwlingi Village, Brebes, Central Java
Abstrak: Ekosistem mangrove merupakan habitat flora dan fauna di daerah pantai dan berfungsi menopang hidup biota perairan salah satunya bentos. Makrozoobentos merupakan organisme yang hidup di dasar perairan dan dipengaruhi oleh kualitas perairan. Desa Kaliwlingi, Brebes, Jawa tengah memiliki vegetasi mangrove yang luas yang mengalami alih fungsi hutan menjadi tambak yang massif sehingga menyebabkan rusaknya ekosistem dan perlunya penelitian terkait makrozoobentos di kawasan mangrove. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi dan menganalisis keanekaragaman makrozoobentos di ekosistem mangrove Desa Kaliwlingi, Brebes, Jawa Tengah yang dilaksanakan pada bulan November 2022. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode plot transek garis. Data yang dikumpulkan dengan melakukan survei dan pengamatan langsung. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kerapatan mangrove tergolong jarang dengan kisaran 70 ind/1000 m2 dan keanekaragaman makrozoobentos tergolong rendah dengan kisaran 1,62. Jenis makrozoobentos yang ditemukan 7 jenis yaitu Cassidula vespertilionis, Cerithideopsilla cingulata, Cheilonereis sp., Polinices incei, Puperita sp., Sesarma sp., dan Telescopium telescopium. Jenis mangrove terdapat 3 jenis yaitu Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba dan Rhizophora mucronata. Substrat lokasi penelitian didominasi jenis pasir halus. Hasil analisis CA menunjukkan Makrozoobentos jenis Cerithideopsilla cingulata dan Telescopium telescopium berasosiasi dengan mangrove jenis Rhizophora mucronata dengan kerapatan terendah dan tertinggi serta Avicennia alba dengan kerapatan rendah; Cheilonereis sp., Cassidula vespertilionis, dan Sesarma sp.; Polinices incei berasosiasi dengan Avicennia alba kerapatan terendah; sedangkan Puperita sp. tidak berasosiasi dengan jenis mangrove yang ada di lokasi penelitian., The mangrove ecosystem is a habitat for flora and fauna in coastal areas and functions to support the life of aquatic biota, one of which is the benthic. Macrozoobenthos are organisms that live at the bottom of the waters and are affected by water quality. Kaliwlingi Village, Brebes, Central Java has extensive mangrove vegetation which has experienced a conversion of forest functions into massive ponds causing damage to the ecosystem and its is necessary to carry out research related to macrozoobenthos in the mangrove area. The purpose of this study was to identify and analyze the capture of macrozoobenthos in the mangrove ecosystem of Kaliwlingi Village, Brebes, Central Java and was conducted in November 2022. The method used is the line transect plot method. Data collected by conducting surveys and direct observation. The results showed that the density of mangroves was relatively rare with a range of 70 ind/1000 m2 and macrozoobenthic habitats were classified as low with a range of 1.62. There were 7 types of macrozoobenthos found, such as Cassidula vespertilionis, Cerithideopsilla cingulata, Cheilonereis sp., Polinices incei, Puperita sp., Sesarma sp., and Telescopium telescopium. There are 3 types of mangroves namely Avicennia marina, Avicennia alba and Rhizophora mucronata. The substrate of the research location is dominated by fine sand. CA analysis results showed that the macrozoobenthos types Cerithideopsilla cingulata and Telescopium telescopium were associated with mangrove species Rhizophora mucronata with the lowest and highest densities and Avicennia alba with low densities; Cheilonereis sp., Cassidula vespertilionis, and Sesarma sp.; Polinices incei associated with Avicennia alba lowest density; while Puperita sp. not associated with mangrove species in the study area.
Keyword: Association, Density, Macrozoobentos, Mangrove

Judul: Macrozoobenthic Community Structure in the Mangrove Aquatic Ecosystem of Pejarakan Village, Bali
Abstrak: Struktur komunitas makrozoobentos yang menurun biasanya menjadi indikator adanya gangguan ekosistem di perairan tersebut, hal ini disebabkan makrozoobentos mobilitas rendah serta siklus hidup relatif panjang, sehingga mampu merespon dengan segera gangguan di lingkungan secara kontinyu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis struktur komunitas makrozoobentos, yang mencakup komposisi jenis, kepadatan, indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, dan indeks dominansi pada lingkungan perairan mangrove dan sekitarnya di Desa Pejarakan, Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada bulan September 2022, Januari 2023, September 2023 dan Januari 2024 dengan enam titik stasiun pengamatan, yang mewakili inlet tambak, outlet tambak dan area mangrove. Sampel bentos diambil menggunakan Van Veen Grab serta dilakukan pengukuran kualitas air secara insitu. Data dianalisis menggunakan struktur komunitas, PCA, indeks similaritas Bray-Curtis, serta AMBI dan M-AMBI. Makrozoobentos di lokasi penelitian tersusun atas lima filum. Kepadatan tertinggi pada Januari 2024 yaitu 289 ind/m2. Indeks keanekaragaman (H’) rendah-sedang (1,99 3,17), keseragaman (E) tinggi (0,69-0,96), dominanasi (C) rendah-sedang (0,13-0,38). Analisis PCA menunjukkan persebaran makrozoobentos dipengaruhi oleh parameter kekeruhan dan TSS. Analisis AMBI menunjukkan dominan makrozoobentos bersifat umum dengan nilai AMBI berkisar 0,62-1,29., Decreased macrozoobenthic community structure is usually an indicator of ecosystem disturbance in these waters, this is due to macrozoobenthic low mobility and a relatively longlife cycle, so that it is able to respond immediately to continuous disturbances in the environment. This research aims to analyze macrozoobenthic community structure, which includes genera composition, density, diversity index, evenness index, and dominance index in the mangrove ecosystem waters and its surroundings in Pejarakan Village, Bali. This research was conducted in September 2022, January 2023, September 2023 and January 2024 with six observation stations representing shrimp pond inlet, outlet, and mangrove area. Benthos samples were taken using a VanVeen Grab and water quality measurements were carried out in-situ. Data were analyzed using community structure, PCA, Bray-Curtis similarity index, and AMBI and M-AMBI. The macrozoobenthos at the research location is composed of five phyla. The highest density will be in January 2024, (289 ind/m2). Diversity index (H') is low-medium (1.99-3.17), uniformity (E) is high (0,69-0,96), dominance (C) is low medium (0,13-0,38). PCA analysis shows that the distribution of macrozoobenthos is influenced by turbidity and TSS parameters. AMBI analysis shows that the dominant macrozoobenthos is general with AMBI values ranging from 0,62-1,29.
Keyword: struktur komunitas, makrozoobentos, Desa Pejarakan, community structure, macrozoobenthos, Pejarakan Village

Judul: Formulasi TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem) menggunakan ILP (Integer Linear Programming)
Abstrak: TSP is a journey of salesman f?om his origin town (place) to visit n-cities (places) only at once, then return to his origin town (place) with a minimum total distance. Its purpose is to minimize the operating expense that is released by the company. Vehicle route at TSP in the form of a Hamiltonian cycle, that is closed path containing all nodes at the graph which representing a network walk. Its problem is to determine a journey route which is feasible (possibly can be passed by) in such a way the vehicle travelled distance passed the route is minimum.
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