Judul: Hemoglobinuria pada Sapi
Abstrak: Cairan tubuh yang mudah diperoleh adalah darah. Darah mempunyai berbagai macam fungsi, dan diantaranya yang penting dalam menjalankan fungsi darah adalah hemoglobin. Berat molekul hemoglobin rata-rata 68.000. Secara normal dapat melalui saringan glomerulus, t etapi di tubulus renalis akan diserap kembali, sehingga dalam urin tidak didapatkan hemoglobin.
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Judul: Tinjauan albumin dan globum darah pada beberapa hewan domesiek dan analisisnya
Abstrak: Protein plasma merupakan komponen utama zat-zat ada dalam plasma. yang Pada hewan rata-rata kadar protein. plasma sekitar 7 7,5 g/dl. Protein plasma terdiri dari protein sederhana dan protein campuran seperti protein dan lipoprotein. gliko- Pemisahan terhadap protein plasma menghasilkan tiga golongan protein, yaitu Fibrinogen, Albumin dan Globulin (Harper, 1977). Albumin dan sebagian besar komponen globulin disintesis dalam hati. Albumin adalah fraksi protein terkecil, yang mempunyai berat molekul sekitar 69.000 (Girindra, 1988). Albumin berfungsi dalam keseimbangan. cairan, makanan, keseimbangan hormon dan fungsi-fungsi lain yang menjaga kesehatan tubuh. Globulin terbagi lagi menjadi beberapa golongan, yaitu : Mukoprotein dan glikoprotein (alfa-1 dan alfa-2 globulin), lipoprotein (Beta globulin), protein pengikat logam dan gamma globulin. Gamma globulin banyak dihasil- kan oleh sel-sel plasma dan jaringan limfoid, berat molekulnya sekitar 150.000 - 160.000 (Harper, 1977). Fungsi protein plasma darah dalam tubuh hewan adalah sebagai pengatur keseimbangan cairan, pengatur keseimbangan asam basa, sebagai cadangan protein tubuh, zat pengangkut, sebagai zat pembeku darah, sebagai alat pertahanan tubuh dan sebagai enzim (Varley's, 1988). Kadar protein plasma pada beberapa hewan berbeda- beda. Pada domba, kambing dan anjing, albumin lebih dominan (utama) daripada globulin.. Sedang pada hewan kuda, sapi dan babi, imbangan antara albumin dan relatif sama, (Duke's, 1982). kadang-kadang globulin lebih globulin dominan Perubahan konsentrasi dari albumin dan globulin, dipengaruhi oleh faktor fisiologik dan faktor patologik (Schalm 1986). Dapat disimpulkan bahwa albumin sangat dipengaruhi faktor-faktor yang mendukung kesehatan tubuh. Bila Sedang gangguan pada oleh hewan tersebut sakit, maka kadar albumin menurun. Globulin dipengaruhi tubuh lain. oleh adanya infeksi atau Bila terjadi peradangan atau infeksi tubuh, maka kadar globulin kemungkinan meningkat….
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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