Judul: Biological, behavior reproduction, and genetic relationshipof weris bird gallirallus philippensis (Gruiformes: Rallidae) at Minahasa, North Celebes
Abstrak: Meat of weris has potential as a source of protein, and the Minahasa community eats the meat as a traditional food. The population of weris bird has decreased drastically mainly due to uncontrolled hunting. The purpose of this research was to study the variations of phenotypic, genetic, and biological aspects of weris behavior raised under captivity. The research was conducted in May 2011 until August 2012. Research activities included DNA sampling, morphological characteristics, and biological studies. Molecular analysis was conducted at the Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Centre of Biological Sciences Study and Center of Biotechnology, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showed that weris from four locations in Minahasa had a high level of morphological similarity. Weris from four locations: Papontolen, Ranoyapo, Tondano, and Wusa had genetic variations with different haplotipes, thereby forming multiple branching, but still one group. Gallirallus philippensis in Minahasa and Australia had no relationship. Based on morphometric measurements, weris males were larger than females on body weight, beak length, and beak width. Changes in morphological characters, especially discoloration on the head and wings pins hair growth during growth and development, could be used as the basis of age estimation. Weris nest was a single nest with open type, clutch size 1-8 items and have the spawning season. Incubation period was 19 days, fertility was 64.13%, and hatchability was 45.76%. The carcass percentage was 65.85%, so it had potential to be utilizedas meat producer. Based on the chemical composition of the meat, weris had a good meat quality. Hatching behavior of weris was unique, and very different from the other birds.Weris have six stages of hatching, that was begun with the break down of the egg until the chick movement out of the gas shell. Weris was a diurnal bird with activity started in the morning until the afternoon. Weris chick performed different activities from the adults Weris. The highest activity of adult weris was moving, but the weris chicks mainly resting. The weris inherited behavior of bathing, and this behavior did not change even if the environment changed.
Keyword: 

Judul: Profil usaha pemeliharaan burung walet di Kecamatan Haurgeulis Kabupaten Indramayu Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Kekayaan alam Indonesia yang akhir-akhir ini mulai mendapat perhatian masyarakat adalah sarang burung walet. Manfaatnya banyak serta harganya tidak pernah turun. Banyak yang ingin mencoba untuk memelihara walet, akan tetapi informasi mengenai usaha ini belum banyak diketahui. Mengingat hal tersebut, maka perlu diadakan suatu penelitian awal untuk mengetahui profil peternakan sarang burung walet. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Haurgeulis, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat, mulai awal bulan April sampai akhir Mei 1994. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengidenti- fikasi karakteristik peternak, menganalisis pemanfaatan faktor-faktor produksi, serta menganalisa faktor-faktor penghambat kelancaran usaha sarang burung walet. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey terhadap 35 peternak burung walet yang dipilih secara acak (Simple Random Sampling). Data yang berhasil dikumpulkan disusun dalam tabel frekwensi untuk kemudian dilakukan interpretasi dari masing-masing tabel secara deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ternyata usaha memelihara burung walet di Kecamatan Haurgeulis masih bersifat tradi- sional dan bertujuan komersial. Beternak sarang burung di Haurgeulis dilakukan hanya sebagai sambilan, kebanyakan peternak berada pada usia produktif (74,29%), berpendidikan hanya sampai tingkat SD (42,86%), pekerjaan utama pedagang (77,14%) dan 80% peternak berpengalaman 5-10 tahun.
Keyword: Animal Husbandry, Birds

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4