Judul: Pemanfaatan Mikoriza dan Rhizobium untuk Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Semai Kayu Energi pada Media Tanah Bekas Tambang Semen
Abstrak: Industri semen merupakan salah satu sektor pada bidang ekonomi yang telah memberikan kontribusi yang besar dalam meningkatkan perekonomian nasional. Dalam proses produksinya kebutuhan industri terhadap bahan bakar energi semakin meningkat, sedangkan persediaan bahan bakar energi di alam semakin menipis. Untuk itu perlu dilakukan upaya penanaman kayu energi sebagai pensubsitusi bahan bakar energi. Kendala yang dihadapi pada tanah bekas tambang semen adalah tingkat kesuburan lahan yang rendah. Sehingga alternatif yang dapat dilakukan untuk membantu pertumbuhan tanaman adalah dengan menciptakan tanah supresif berupa pemberian bio - fertilizer seperti bakteri fiksasi nitrogen (BFN) dan fungi mikoriza arbuskula (FMA).
Keyword: 

Judul: Pembenah Tanah dan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula  (FMA) untuk Peningkatan Kualitas Bibit Tanaman  Kehutanan Pada Areal Bekas Tambang Batubara
Abstrak: Proses penambangan batubara telah mengakibatkan kerusakan tanah secara permanen karena perubahan sifat fisik, kimia dan biologi tanah, yang tersisa adalah lapisan batuan induk sehingga seringkali menyebabkan kegagalan penanaman bibit di lahan bekas penambangan. Pembuatan bibit di persemaian selama ini sangat mengandalkan keberadaan topsoil sebagai media semai, maka untuk mengurangi penggunaan topsoil diperlukan alternatif media yang murah, mudah didapat, mudah ditangani dan yang terpenting mampu mendukung pertumbuhan semai tanaman baik di persemaian hingga adaptif di lapangan seperti penggunaan kompos serbuk gergaji. Bahan lain yang dapat digunakan sebagai pembenah tanah adalah dengan menambahkan arang atau batubara serta pemanfaatan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula (FMA) yang telah banyak diyakini membantu akar dalam proses penyerapan hara.
Keyword: Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskula, kerusakan tanah, kegagalan penanaman bibit, lahan bekas penambangan, kompos serbuk gergaji

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: