Judul: Kajian Peningkatan Kualitas Air Sungai Ciujung Berdasarkan Parameter Senyawa AOX (Adsorbable Organic Halides) dengan Model WASP (Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program) dan Model Dinamis
Abstrak: Ciujung River was the largest river in Banten Province with watershed area 1,935 km2 and 147 km length. The upstream of Ciujung River was located in Lebak Regency and the downstream was in Serang Regency. The river plays important role for Serang Regency for domestic, agricultural and industrial activities. At present, Ciujung River has become a national issue as a river that was polluted, decreased in discharge, river siltation due to the critical land in the upstream and industrial activity in the downstream that influenced the society’s health and social economy, especially in the downstream region.The river class and total maximum dayli loads (TMDLs) has not been determined by the national and regional government, so that the water river quality of Ciujung River was defined based on the Government Regulation No. 82/2001 concerning the management of water quality and water pollution control. However, adsorbable organic halides (AOX) parameter was not included in the regulation. AOX compound was a specific pollutant that toxic, hydrophobic, carcinogenic, persistent, and could be bio accumulated in fish body so it would pose a risk to human health. If there was no effort in controlling the pollution, it could be sustained and influenced the river function. The main objective of this research was to develop a model in controlling pollution in Ciujung River with three steps, i.e. (1) analyzing AOX compound in exist condition of Ciujung River, (2) determining the priority of pollution load controlling strategy in Ciujung River, and (3) formulating a model of pollution control in Ciujung River. The research was done by field survey, sample analysis directly in field and laboratory, questionnaire distribution, and in-depth interview with the expert. Water quality was analyzed with pollution index method; TMDLs was determined with water quality analysis simulation program (WASP). Priority of pollution load controlling strategy was analyzed with analytical hierarchy process (AHP) method. Model of Ciujung River water pollution control was developed with system approach using Powersim Studio 2005. The result showed that in existing condition, most parameter in several locations did not meet the criteria of class II water quality standard. DO, pH and nitrate content met the standard in all location, whereas BOD, COD, nitrite, phenol and AOX compound did not meet the standard.Status of Ciujung river water quality according to pollution index value without AOX compound, was in status of light to moderate polluted (IP 0.32 – 7.10). Whereas by considering the AOX parameter, Ciujung River was in status of light to severe polluted (IP 1.80 – 14.04). Potential pollution load that went into Ciujung River was come from non-point source, i.e. domestic, livestock, and agricultural waste and point source, i.e industry. The increase of pollution load potential that went into Ciujung River caused decrease of TMDLs. WASP simulation result showed that in minimum reliable discharge (1.9 m3/second), Ciujung River did not have TMDLs for class II river based on BOD (-3,470 kg/day) and AOX compound (-5 kg/day). The analysis result of priority strategy in controlling pollution in Ciujung River using AHP showed that three alternatives priorities need to be done to control the
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Analisis Kualitas Air Sungai Ciujung Menggunakan Model WASP (Water Quality Analysis Simulation Program)
Abstrak: Ciujung, which is the main river in the province of Banten is now being a national issue because of its pollution. A variety of landuse activities in the watershed area of Ciujung, such as settlements, agricultural, livestock and industry is estimated to have affected in the water quality of Ciujung. This study aims to analyze the water quality parameters in Ciujung by WASP model of physical chemistry. Water quality analysis is done by comparing the water quality of Ciujung with WASP model simulation results with the river water quality standards as Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 82 Tahun 2001. Water quality Ciujung based on WASP model simulation results shows at minimum and maximum flows, for BOD, DO, ammonia, and phosphorus parameters the water quality does not meet the criteria for class II, while nitrate still contains the water quality criteria for class II. The average value of BOD, DO, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphorus on consecutive minimum discharge was 8.68 mg/L, 5.83 mg/L, 0.33 mg/L, 0.18 mg/ , and 0.06 mg/L. The average value of BOD, DO, nitrate, ammonia, and phosphorus on successive maximum discharge was 4.04 mg/L, 3.57 mg/L, 0.44 mg/L, 0.41 mg/L, and 0.18 mg/L
Keyword: Ciujung river, WASP model, water quality, Pollution loads

Judul: Anatomi otot-otot ekspresi wajah monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis)
Abstrak: Hewan primata banyak digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis karena memiliki kemiripan anatomi dengan manusia. Evolusi dari otot wajah mamalia yang berhubungan dengan ekspresi wajah dan komunikasi visual terutama pada hewan pimata dalam hal ini otot-otot daerah kelopak mata serta mulut memegang peranan penting (Bennet et al., 1995). Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) adalah slah satu jenis hewan primata di antara 5 hewan primata yang paling banyak digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis (Anonimus, 2000; Anonimus, 2002). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari morfologi otot-otot ekspresi wajah beserta origo dan insersionya untuk melengkapi data dasar anatomi otot pada M. fascicularis. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga ekor preparat monyet ekor panjang yang telah diawetkan dalam larutan formalin 10% dan sebuah tengkorak kepala beserta tulang rahang bawah monyet ekor panjang. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi morfologi otot beserta origo dan insersionya, dan hubungannya dengan variasi ekspresi wajah yang mampu dilakukan monyet ekor panjang, kemudian membandingkannya dengan literatur anatomi manusia, beberapa hewan primata lain, hewan herbivora dan karnivora. Dari hasil pengamatan, pada susunan otot ekspresi wajah monyet ekor panjang ditemukan lima kelompok otot: 1). Kelompok otot kulit kepala yaitu: m. occipitofrontalis (gabungan m. frontalis dan m. occipitalis). 2). Kelompok otot hidung yaitu: m. nasolabialis. 3). Kelompok otot mulut yaitu: m. nasolabialis, m. zygomaticus major, m. zygomaticus minor, m. levator anguli oris, m. depressor anguli oris, m depressor labii inferioris, m. mentalis, m. buccinatorius, m. orbicularis oris dan m. platysma. 4). Kelompok otot telinga yaitu: m auricularis posterior, m. auricularis superior dan m. auricularis anterior. 5). Kelompok otot kelopak mata yaitu: m. orbicularis oculi, m. corrugator supercilii dan mlevator palpebrae superioris. Setiap kelompok otot memiliki berbagai karakteristik baik morfologi maupun origo dan insersio yang berbeda dengan primata. lain, kuda, sapi dan anjing. Hal tersebut menghasilkan variasi fungsi otot yang berbeda sesuai dengan perilaku dan pola hidup.
Keyword: Macaca fascicularis, long-tailed macaque, monkey