Judul: Utilization of Active Fraction of Jatropha curcas Herb Extracts as Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Agents in Cosmetic
Abstrak: Crude extract of Jatropha curcas herbs exhibit antimicrobial and antioxidant activity that may be used in cosmetic product. Extract fractionation was done by solvent partition with hexane and ethyl acetate successively to produce low and medium polarity fractions. The objective of this research was to obtain active fraction from leaves, seedcakes, and stem barks of Jatropha curcas as antimicrobial and antioxidant agents in cosmetics product. Furthermore, this research examined the toxicity of the selected fractions and its cosmetics product i.e. hand and body cream. Crude extract and/or its fractions were analyzed for antioxidant activity by DPPH scavenging test, antimicrobial activity, total phenol, phorbol ester, skin irritation testing by Draize test, and chemical composition by GC-MS. Results of this study showed that methanol fraction of leaf extract was the most potential antioxidants with DPPH scavenging activity of 89.42%, while ethyl acetate fraction from the same extract was potentially used as an antimicrobial agent with zone of inhibition of 12,5 mm. Total phenol content for methanol and ethyl acetate fractions was 32,76 and 88,53 mg tannic acid/g sample, respectively. Primary irritation testing using New Zealand white rabbits revealed that application of methanol fraction (0,064%-1%) did not induce erythema or edema formation, meanwhile the cream containing this fraction induced mild irritation. Application of ethyl acetate fraction of 1.25% did not caused skin irritation, meanwhile the cream containing this fraction induced mild irritation. Crude extract and ethyl acetate fractions of leaf extract were classified as slight irritant; meanwhile methanol fraction was considered as non irritant. Allergenic reaction using human IgE showed that crude extract of leaves, seedcakes and stem barks may react with human IgE that may induce allergy reaction. Key words: antimicrobial, antioxidant, skin irritation, Jatropha curcas,
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Judul: Aktivitas Antioksidan dan Antimikroba Fraksi Ekstrak Daun dan Ranting Jarak Pagar ( Jatropha curcas L. ) serta Pemanfaatannya pada Produk Personal Hygien
Abstrak: The development of jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L) in Indonesia need to be followed by the optimum utilization of all parts of the plants, including the leaves and twigs. Assessment of antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of leaves and twigs extract/extract fraction of Jatropha curcas L and their use in personal hygiene products, is an effort to increase added value of Jatropha curcas’s leaves. Extract of Jatropha curcas in this study were obtained trough a solvent extraction process using ethanol 96% by the method of soxhlet and maceration. Extract fraction obtained by performing advanced stages in the extract called fractination. Antioxidant activity was analized by using DPPH method at concentration of 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 20 ppm. While the analysis of antimicrobial activity performes by well diffusion method against Candida albicans, Microsporum gypseum, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa at the concentration of extract/extract fraction 1, 2, and 3%. The result showed that crude extract of maceration and ethyl acetate fraction of soxhlet have the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 values of 7.2 and 7.8 ppm where this values were not significantly different. In other side, the result of antimicrobial activity indicated the present of antimicrobial inhibitory of maceration crude extract against Microsporum gypseum. It proved by the formation of clear zones of inhibition around the wells with diameter of 12, 14, and 20 mm for concentration 1, 2, and 3%. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the inhibitory against Microsporum gypseum only at concentration of 3% extract with diameter of inhibitory zones 14 mm. The extract/extract fraction showed no inhibitory activity against other microbes. Utilization of selected extract fraction applied to one of personal hygiene product, transparent soap, by utilizing its antioxidant activity. Soap with the addition of ethyl acetate fraction of Jatropha curcas at a concentration level of 1.0% produces soap with antioxidant activity of 37.25% and the rate of foam stability about 83.23%.
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Judul: Analisis Struktur Atas Gedung Diploma IPB terhadap Beban Gempa Berdasarkan SNI 03-1726-2002 dan SNI 03-1726-2012
Abstrak: Gedung Diploma IPB masih menggunakan SNI 03-1726-2002 dalam perencanaan strukturnya. SNI tersebut kemudian diubah seiring dengan keluarnya peraturan baru yang termuat dalam SNI 03-1726-2012. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui ketahanan struktur atas gedung Diploma IPB terhadap beban gempa ditinjau berdasarkan waktu getar alami dan partisipasi massa, mengetahui besarnya gaya geser dasar seismik, dan membandingkan besarnya simpangan berdasarkan kedua SNI. Partisipasi massa arah X yang dihasilkan yaitu sebesar 0.9417 pada modal ke 9 dan 0.9006 pada modal ke 12 pada arah Y. Kedua nilai tersebut telah memenuhi kedua standar SNI. Waktu getar alami telah memenuhi standar SNI 2002, namun belum memenuhi standar SNI 2012. Gaya geser dasar dinamik yang dihasilkan berdasarkan SNI 2012 sebesar 1599.6606 kN akibat gempa arah X dan 1223.5794 kN akibat gempa arah Y, sedangkan berdasarkan SNI 2002 untuk arah X sebesar 1544.5109 kN dan untuk arah Y sebesar 1544.8304 kN. Simpangan antar lantai telah memenuhi persyaratan kedua standar SNI. Struktur Gedung Diploma IPB telah memiliki kekakuan yang cukup dan terhitung boros, sehingga seharusnya dapat direncanakan dengan lebih hemat biaya.
Keyword: beban gempa, gaya geser dasar, simpangan, struktur atas