Judul: Turbulent Mixing caused by Internal Tide and Their Implication on Nutrient in Ombai Strait
Abstrak: Ombai Strait is one of the exit passages of Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) which has strong internal tidal energy. Internal tide is one of the main energy which causes mixing processes in the oceans. The purpose of this research was to estimate the turbulent mixing by using Thorpe scale approach and effect of mixing on the flux of nutrients (nitrate, phosphate and silicate). CTD instrument equipped with bottle rosettes were casted nine times for one tidal cycle (24 hours), but for nutrient samples only taken from the third casting with 22 samples at determined depth. The results showed that Ombai Strait has an internal tide with semidiurnal period. The average value of in the Ombai Strait is very high (7,56 x 10-2 + 2,83 x 10-1 m2 s-1) and the highest is found in deep layer (2,17 x 10-1 + 4,75 x 10-1 m2 s-1). This is presumably due to strong internal tide in that water. The strong effect of these internal tide especially during the low tide where the water mass induce to the deep layer. Vertical nutrient concentrations increase with depth. The nutrient fluxes estimation showed that the thermocline layer has the lowest flux of nutrients (0 m μmol l-1 s-1) and the highest flux in the deeper layer (8,28 x 10-5-165,56 x 10-5 m μmol l-1 s-1). Estimation of three nutrient fluxes showed that the phosphate is the lowest, followed by nitrate, and silicate as the highest.
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Judul: Transformation and Mixing of North Pacific Water Mass in Sangihe-Talaud and Makassar Strait in August 2019
Abstrak: Massa air Arlindo mengalami transformasi karena berbagai faktor, seperti energi pasang surut dan gelombang internal yang kuat. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengindentifikasi karakteristik massa air dan perubahannya di sepanjang lintasan barat Arlindo serta mengkuantifikasi nilai percampuran di Perairan Sangihe-Talaud dan Selat Makassar pada bulan Agustus 2019. Data CTD diambil dengan Kapal Baruna Jaya IV di enam stasiun pengukuran snapshot pada Agustus 2019 dan CTD-yoyo sebanyak sembilan kali pengulangan pada satu stasiun CTD di perairan Sangihe-Talaud. Data CTD diolah dengan SBE Data Processing dan selanjutnya dilakukan analisis jenis massa air dengan diagram suhu-salinitas, serta percampuran turbulen dengan Metode Thorpe. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan massa air termoklin (North Pacific Subtropical Water) dengan ciri salinitas maksimum, dan kedalaman menengah (North Pacific Intermediate Water) dengan ciri salinitas minimum tipikal Pasifik Utara mendominasi di lokasi studi. Transformasi massa air di sepanjang lintasan terlihat dari perubahan nilai salinitas maksimum dan minimum tersebut, dengan nilai disipasi (ϵ) mencapai O (10-5) m2 s-2 dan nilai difusivitas vertikal (Kρ) mencapai O (10-2) m2 s-1. Estimasi pencampuran yang kuat juga terjadi di lapisan dalam yang disebabkan oleh aktivitas pasang surut barotropik yang berinteraksi dengan topografi dasar laut yang kasar sehingga terbentuk gelombang pasang surut internal dan memicu percampuran turbulen massa air., Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) is transformed due to various factors, such as tidal energy and strong internal waves. This study aims to describe the structure of ITF water masses, investigate their transformation along ITF western route and estimate turbulent mixing in the Sangihe-Talaud and Makassar Strait in August 2019. CTD datasets were taken with Research Vessel Baruna Jaya IV at six snapshot stations and nine casts of CTD-yoyo in Sangihe-Talaud. The CTD datasets are processed using SBE Data Processing and analyzed using the temperature-salinity diagram. The turbulent mixing properties were analyzed using the Thorpe Method. The results showed that the thermocline water (North Pacific Subtropical Water) with salinity maximum core layer (Smax), and intermediate water (North Pacific Intermediate Water) with salinity minimum (Smin) from North Pacific origin are dominant. Transformation of NPSW and NPIW along their pathway can be identified from decreasing Smax of NPSW and slightly increasing Smin of NPIW, with energy dissipation (ϵ) reaching O (10-5) m2 s-2 and vertical diffusivity (Kρ) reaching O (10-2) m2 s-1. Strong mixing also occurred in the deep layer which is caused by barotropic tidal activity that interacts with rough topography and then generates internal tides and triggers turbulent mixing.
Keyword: Internal tidal wave, ITF water mass, Mixing, Thorpe Method, Transformation

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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