Judul: Valuasi ekonomi sumberdaya alam sub DAS Biyonga dalam kawasan DAS Limboto
Abstrak: Natural resource is something that can be utilized for various purposes and needs of human life. Utilization of natural resources should be followed with maintenance and preservation, since the natural resources is limited. Watershed is one of strategic resources that important for human living.. The main problem of watersheds in Indonesia is a critical condition caused by watershed and forest land degradation. Limboto watershed is one of the strategic watersheds in Gorontalo which has been damaged. Limboto watershed area consists of several sub-watersheds include Biyonga, Alo and Marisa. Among those sub-watersheds, Biyonga is the most consistent water sources to Limboto Lake throughout the year, and at the same time, it is the main sediment source to the lake as well. In the future, the condition of this area can increase or decrease, but almost generally decrease. This was due to the failure of government policy, population growth and natural disasters. The direct use value of natural resources in the Sub-Watershed of Biyonga is IDR 898.893.740.803,01, while the indirect use value of natural resources in Sub-Watershed of Biyonga is IDR 118.541.872.369,80. The existence value for natural resources in Sub-Watershed of Biyonga is IDR 61.284.600.000,00, while the bequest value for natural resources in Sub-Watershed of Biyonga is IDR 39.456.900.000,00 and the option value for natural resources in Sub-Watershed of Biyonga is IDR 4.071.960.000,00. The total economic value resulted in Sub-Watershed of Biyonga in Watershed Limboto area is IDR 1.122.249.073.172,81.
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Judul: Struktur Aktivitas Ekonomi Rumahtsngga Dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Kenrsakan Sumberdaya Alam Di Sub DAS Citanduy Hulu (Studi b u s di Kabupten Tasihnalaya clan Kabupaten Ciamis
Abstrak: The aim of the research is to analyze the dependency of rwal household on natural resources, to analyze the type of rural household's economic activities which have an effect on the natural resources degradation, to analyze the willingness to pay (WTP) of the rural household as an expression of rural people's commitment on the natural resources rehabilitation and the maintenance of the quality of their environment, and to analyze the correiation between the structure of rural household's economic activities with natural resources degradation in Upper Citanduy Watersheed The research was conducted in Kertamukti and Citamba villages, The subdistrict of Ciawi, Tasikmalaya. Medanglayang and Sindangherang villages, the sub-district of Panurnbanpn, Ciamis. Income analysis was done according to descriptive method. Willingness to pay (WTP) was done by using Contingent Vuluution Methud. Rural household income structure is strongly dependent on natural resources at the local area. It is seen from the income distribution structure showing that most part of the income is coming from agricultural sector except of Kertamukti village. The higher the dependency of the nual household economy on the natural resources, the greater is the ecological pressure is exercised by the household. This leads to the situation where the possibility of the occurrence of natural resources damage will be greater. It is taking place in Medanglayang and Citamba where the rural household's dependency on agricultural sector are high for those low of incomes, in such a case the rate of erosion and sedimentation are higher. Case study from Kertamukti showed that when the non fm income is higher, then the level of natural resources damage is lower. This findng leads to a conclusion that poverty causes natural resources damages in Upper Citanduy Watersheed. The average of the WTP value is Rp. 3.879,-, if it is multiplied with the total number of households existed in Upper Citanduy Watersheed, the fund that is collected will be equal to Rp. 1.063.737.365. While according to Yunus (2005), the total budget which is needed for consemtion mounting to Rp 54.713.286.900. So that there is still a need to add much more financial support from government to maintain the environment in Upper Citanduy Watersheed
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Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf