Judul: Modifikasi Makanan Cair Instan Tinggi Protein dan Kalsium dengan Penambahan Tepung Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) dan Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera).
Abstrak: Masalah balita gizi kurang seperti wasting dan stunting di Indonesia perlu menjadi perhatian berbagai pihak karena tidak hanya berdampak pada masalah kesehatan tetapi juga kerugian ekonomi negara. Balita gizi kurang rentan terkena infeksi yang dapat menyebabkan kekurangan protein dan kalsium. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu untuk mempelajari formulasi makanan cair instan modifikasi tinggi protein dan kalsium dengan penambahan tepung ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) dan tepung daun kelor (Moringa oleifera) untuk balita gizi kurang. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis protein yaitu metode Kjeldahl sedangkan analisis kalsium menggunakan metode Spektrometer ICP-OES. Formula terpilih berdasarkan uji organoleptik adalah formula F1 dengan karakteristik produk berwarna hijau cerah, rasa manis yang cukup, aroma amis dan aroma langu yang lemah, mouthfeel dan aftertaste yang lemah, serta memiliki tekstur yang encer. Sifat fisik formula terpilih yaitu viskositas 7.1cP, osmolaritas 780 mOsmol/kgH2O, dan total padatan terlarut 21oBrix. Kandungan gizi formula terpilih yakni energi sebesar 115 kkal/100 mL, kadar air (5.82%), kadar abu (3.74%), lemak sebesar 1.07 g/100 kkal, protein sebesar 4.1 g/100 kkal, karbohidrat total sebesar 18.5 g/100 kkal, dan kalsium sebesar 127.85 mg/100 kkal. Makanan cair instan modifikasi per takaran saji yakni 60 g yang dilarutkan kedalam 200 mL air matang dapat memberikan kontribusi protein 36.2% dan kalsium 45.1% AKG anak usia 1-3 tahun. Produk ini merupakan pangan tinggi protein dan tinggi kalsium bagi anak usia 1-3 tahun.
Keyword: kalsium, makanan cair instan, protein, tepung daun kelor, tepung lele

Judul: Modified Makanan Cair Instan Tinggi Protein dan Kalsium dengan Penambahan Tepung Ikan Lele dan Minyak Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus).
Abstrak: Balita merupakan kelompok masyarakat yang rentan gizi. Salah satu kelainan gizi yang bisa dialami balita adalah gizi kurang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari formulasi modified makanan cair instan tinggi protein dan tinggi kalsium dengan penambahan tepung ikan lele dan minyak ikan lele (Clarias gariepinus) untuk balita gizi kurang. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan penambahan tepung ikan lele dalam tiga taraf, yaitu 30 g, 35 g, dan 40 g. Penentuan produk modified makanan cair instan terpilih berdasarkan tingkat kesukaan panelis pada uji hedonik. Formula terpilih adalah dengan penambahan tepung ikan lele sebanyak 35 g. Hasil uji kruskal wallis terhadap data mutu hedonik menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pada atribut warna, rasa manis, kekentalan dan aftertaste (p<0.05). Modified makanan cair instan terpilih memiliki sifat kimia 5.68% (bb) air, 3.71% (bb) abu, 15.41% (bb) protein, 9.27% (bb) lemak, 65.94% (bb) karbohidrat, dan 461.13 mg/100 g kalsium. Sifat fisik formula terpilih yaitu viskositas 9.4 cP, osmolalitas 682 mOsmol/kgH2O, dan total padatan terlarut 24 0Brix. Modified makanan cair instan dapat diklaim pangan tinggi protein dan kalsium bagi anak usia 1-3 tahun.
Keyword: Kalsium, makanan cair instan, minyak lele, protein, tepung ikan lele

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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