Judul: Biodegradasi Limbah Minyak Berat Menggunakan Isolat Tunggal dan Campuran dengan Tambahan Alkilbenzena Sulfonat Linear
Abstrak: Oil spill incident in petroleum industry is inevitability event that caused environmental pollution. Bioremediation is one of the safe methods to handle petroleum polluted environment using bacterial activity. Bacterial were isolated from polluted soil and nourishment by cow and horse manure. The degradation process was improved with linear alkyl benzene sulphonate. The best three isolated microbes and its combination were applied to degrade heavy oil waste combined with linear alkyl benzene sulphonate. The observation parameters were solid Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), liquid TPH, Total Plate Count (TPC), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), and pH. MY7, MY12, and MYFlr were selected as the best three isolated microbes as shown by their highest percentage of degradation, namely 32.26, 58.25, and 40.74%. The addition of linear alkyl benzene sulphonate proved to augment oil solubility in water, as shown by decreasing solid TPH, increasing liquid TPH, and increasing COD. The value of solid TPH of the three isolate combination in day-21 were 2.33% (w/w), liquid TPH were 1.68% (w/v), and COD were 246456 mg/mL. The degradation level of the three isolate combinations in 21 day-21 was 81.56%. The bacterial combination showed higher degradation level of the waste as compared to that ot the single microbe.
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Judul: Aplikasi Bakteri Lokal Indonesia dalam Bioremediasi Tanah Terkontaminasi Minyak Berat, Minyak Ringan dan Limbah Oli Bekas
Abstrak: Oil and gas industrial activity has a potency to contaminate soil. One of the waste released by oil and gas industry is oil sludge. Until now, oil sludge is still a major problem in oil and gas industry especially due to its huge amount. This research was aimed to study the effectiveness of Indonesian local bacteria in bioremediation of soil contaminated with heavy oil, light oil and used lubricant at bench scale. This research was begun by cultivation of 15 strains of hydrocarbon degrading bacteria in Luria Bertani (LB) medium. Each of the cultured isolate was left in a few minutes for thawing, then it was transfered to 20 ml LB medium in erlemeyer using ose. Then, the cultures were incubated in a shaker for 24 hour at ambient temperature. The 15 isolates were selected of their potency in degrading heavy oil by visual assay based on the changes in oil condition in the erlemeyer. The best three heavy oil degrading bacteria selected were Bacillus sp ICBB 7859, Bacillus sp. ICBB 9461 and Bacillus sp. ICBB 5071. The three selected isolates were further characterized by hypersensitive response test, growth curves characteristic, haemolysis test, and antagonistm test. In the main experiment, the three isolates were applicated to soil contaminated with heavy oil, light oil and used lubricant as a single or in combination culture. Parameters used to evaluate their effectiveness in the degradation were soil respiration, pH value, and TPH (Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon). The combination of the three isolates (Bacillus sp ICBB 7859, Bacillus sp. ICBB 9461, and Bacillus sp. ICBB 5071) was the most effective treatment for reducing TPH value of all tested materials (heavy oil, light oil and used lubricant) although statistically was not significantly different with other treatment at 5% test level. The TPH values of soil contaminated with heavy oil, light oil and used lubricant were respectively 0,40, 0,70, dan 0,41% at the end incubation period for 9, 6 and 4 weeks. Based on the GOI Environment Ministerial Decree No. 128/2003, the TPH value of the oil contaminated soil have to be reduced below 1%, before being used for other purposes. Although the combination of the three isolates was the best treatment, it can not be applied in the field due to the patogenicity of the two isolates (Bacillus sp. ICBB 9461 and Bacillus sp. ICBB 5071). Only one isolate, Bacillus sp. ICBB 7859, that has been proven as nonpathogenic one and, therefore, can be used for bioremediation of oil contaminated soil in the large scale.
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Judul: Beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi ruang dada kancil
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan 10 ekor kancil dewasa jantan dan betina dengan tujuan untuk menge- tahui beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi di dalam ruang dada, meliputi jantung, pembuluh darah yang keluar dan ma- suk jantung serta ukuran-ukuran jantung. Kancil merupakan ruminansia terkecil di dunia, hidup di daerah tropika India, Thailand, Malaysia dan Indonesia bagian barat. Hewan ini dilindungi dan mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk hewan penelitian maupun dibudidayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat jantung rаta-rata adalah 0.69% dari berat rata-rata kancil. Dan ini mirip pada jantung kuda dan anjing. Bentuk jantung lonjong seperti halnya ruminansia. Demikian pula letaknya di dalam ruang dada seperti pada ruminansia dengan adanya Ligamentum sternopericardiacum. Di dalam ventrikel kanan membersit sebuah Musculus (M.) papillaris dari dindingnya dan tiga sampai empat Musculi (Mm.) papillares dari Septum interventriculare. Hanya dua buah Mm. papillares yang berukuran besar dibersitkan dari dinding ventrikel kiri. Percabangan Arteri (A.) coronaria sinistra lebih dominan dari pada A. coronaria dextra. Sedangkan A. sub clavia sinistra dicabangkan langsung dari aorta di dorso- caudal pembersitan Truncus (Tr.) brachiocephalicus…
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