Judul: Pengaruh Kebijakan Dalam Upaya Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan Terhadap Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca
Abstrak: Global warming and climate change occurs due to an increasing of concentrations of greenhouse gases. Indonesian forest fires and land policy has not been able to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, so that condition will have an impact to global warming and climate change. The main question about government's decision regarding this matter are effectiveness of the policies. The purpose of this study is 1) to reviewing presence the government’s decision in reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GGE) in the period 2005-2012 that accompanied the policy control of forest fire and land; 2) The government's commitment to reduce Greenhouse Gas Emissions (GGE) due to fire forest and land. Primary and secondary data was used in this study. Primary data obtained by interviews, while secondary data obtained by desk study of Ministry of Forestry and the Ministry of Environment documents. Secondary data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. In this study also conducted statistical tests, which is correlation test, to determine the correlation between forest hotspot and the amount of forest fires. Correlation between hotspot with the amount of forest fires in Indonesia by year 2010-2012 was 51.03%, while in 11 Indonesian province namely, Sumatera Utara, Riau, Kepulauan Riau, Jambi, Sumatera Selatan, Kalimantan Barat, Kalimantan Tengah, Kalimantan Selatan, Kalimantan Timur, Sulawesi Selatan, dan Sulawesi Barat of 61.25%. The correlation test shows a positive correlation between hotspots with widespread forest fires. Secondary data analysis of the results showed that the government's commitment to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions, mainly from forest fires is counterproductive. It shows that the trends of hotspot in Indonesia was increased by year 2010-2012. The increasing of hotspot resulted to the amount of forest fire. These fact lead the increasing greenhouse gas emissions amount released into the atmosphere. This means that the government policies implementation does not reach the objectives. This study are expected to provide a solution for of forest fire policy problems, particularly in reducing greenhouse gas emissions programs through Indonesian government policies.
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Judul: Analisis Diskursus Pengendalian Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan dalam Isu Perubahan Iklim di Indonesia
Abstrak: The forestry and land use sector is Indonesia's largest contributor to greenhouse gas emissions, responsible for 56% of national emissions in 2016 to 2020 period. Within this sector, forest and peatland fires has a major emissions impact. Human activity supported by extreme weather conditions, particularly the El-Nino phenomenon, predominantly drives these fires especially in wet tropical regions like Indonesia. This issue has garnered attention from various sectors, including academics, researchers, and scientific media writers. Scientific media play a vital role in informing the public and shaping effective management strategies. The objectives of this research are; 1) analyze the role of scientific media in providing information on the issue of forest and land fires in Indonesia, 2) analyze and map all forms of forest and land fire management activities in Indonesia, 3) analyze the relationship between forest and land fires in Indonesia and climate change. This study employs discourse analysis methods in electronic scientific media. A search on Google Scholar in 2016 to 2020 period, revealed that out of 9590 articles discussing forest and land fires in general, less than 1% of them address forest fire management. This indicates that researchers' attention to activities aimed at controlling forest and land fires is still very limited. The relationship between the number of articles and the number of hotspots each year is not consistent. This inconsistency is believed to be due to the time gap between when the fires occurred and when the research was conducted, as well as between the time the research was carried out and when the article was published. The findings of content analysis in selected national journals on forest fire control reveal that the cause of forest and land fires in Indonesia are driven by economic factors, specifically the desicion of land clearing through burning which is considered cost-effective option. However, there appears to be a discrepancy as national journals more emphasize social control efforts. In this case, if the national journal is used as a basis or as a tool to describe actual conditions, this gap between the identified causes and the control efforts may be a contributing factor to the persistence of forest and land fires in Indonesia. Most national journals stated that forest and land fires significantly contribute to climate change in Indonesia. All stakeholders are aligned in confirming the interconnectedness and mutual influence between forest and land fires and climate change. Climate change control in the forestry sector relies on the collaboration of all involved parties. Stakeholders have a different view from national journal articles, particularly as they don't mention NGO involvement in firefighting efforts., Sektor kehutanan dan penggunaan lahan merupakan sektor terbesar penyumbang emisi gas rumah kaca di Indonesia, sekitar 56% dari emisi nasional selama periode 2016 hingga 2020. Salah satu penyebabnya yaitu kebakaran hutan dan lahan. Penyebab kebakaran di wilayah tropika basah seperti di Indonesia lebih di dominasi oleh aktivitas manusia yang didukung oleh perubahan cuaca ekstrim seperti fenomena El-Nino. Kebakaran hutan dan lahan menjadi fenomena yang menyita perhatian berbagai lapisan masyarakat, termasuk para peneliti sebagai penulis media ilmiah. Media ilmiah berperan dalam memberikan
Keyword: forest fire, management, discourse, scientific media

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm