Judul: Inokulasi Mikroba Selulolitk untuk Mempercepat Proses Pengomposan Sampah Pasar dan Pengaruh Kompos terhadap Produksi dan Usahatani Sayuran
Abstrak: The local government spends a lot money and effort to solve the problems of the city waste. City wastes have been reported to contain as much as 80 – 90% of decomposable organic wastes. These organic wastes can be converted to useful compost. The aims of this study were (1) to study the effect of inoculation of cellulolytic microbes to city wastes to speed up the decomposition process of city wastes and (2) to evaluate the effect of compost on production economic analysis of vegetables i. e. Chinese cabbage (Brassica chinensis) and kangkoong (Ipomoea reptans Poir). Market wastes were place on triangle bamboo skeleton to a width of 1.50 m and high of 1.00 m with a length of 2.50 m. The weight of these city wastes was 2 ton with a volume. Six waste piles were prepared and inoculated with four sources of cellulolytic microbes (stardec, cow rumen, goat rumen and chicken manure). As much as 5.25 kg of cellulolytic inoculants were throughly mix with city waste. Temperature, pH, C/N ratio, respiration rate, weight losses of composted materials were measured regularly. The effect of five compost produced were evaluated for their effect of growth of Chinese cabbage and kangkoong. The treatments tested were control (without compost), inorganic fertilizer, combination between compost and inorganic fertilizer, compost with goat rumen inoculant and compost with stardec. Height, fresh weight and nutrient uptake were measured.The results showed that the cellulolytic microbe significantly increased the composting process of city waste compost. The best cellulolityc microbes inoculant were mix inoculant, cow rumen inoculant, stardec and chicken manure inoculant. These inoculant reduced the composting process by six days. Combination between organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer showed the highest yield of Chinese cabbage and kangkoong production. This treatment increased the yield 469% of Chinese cabbage and 290% of kangkoong above without any fertilizers and 175% and 110% above the 100% inorganic fertilizer.
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Judul: Isolasi dan karakterisasi mikroorganisme asal sampah organik pasar dan isi rumen serta aplikasinya sebagai starter dalam pengomposan sampah
Abstrak: Waste is a negative side of materials that can cause nuisance, putrid odor and can become a growth media for contagious desease. Waste is a problem for people and goverment, for example evironment polution. Organic waste handling by Bsing nature ability needs long time. Microorganisms addition as a starter in waste composting can be as alternative to solve time problem. Indigenous starter in pitrid wastes or rumen substance naturally have an ability to adapt with evironment and decompose wastes. Isolation microorganisms from wastes and rumen substance which have ability to decompose cellulose very interested to do, especially it's aplications in composting, to solve wastes problems in big city. Based on that reason, this research was done. Ability of microorganisms isolate as starter observed by observed parameter during composting are temperate, pH value, C/N ratio, Kation Exchange Capacity and total phosphor (P) and Potassium (K) contents. This research used Completely Randomized Design with three times repeatation. The treatment of this research is isolate addition which obtained from purification and the controls are EM4 activator addition as positive control and without starter addition (TS) as negative control. Thirteen isolates obtained from the isolation process, eight isolate from waste. and five isolate from rumen substance. Selection ability to decompose cellulose there are two isolates from organic wasting (ISK and ISB) and one from rumen substance (IRK). Test by Composting showed that IRK and ISK isolate caused higher temperate and it also happened in pH value. Isolate ISK and IRK has pH value that almost same as pH value of composting by adding EM4 which become as positive control. Composting result showed that compost reduction velocity at first and second week was significantly different (P<0.05), while at third week it was very significantly different (P<0.01). The obtained of compost production showed that adding EM4 was very significantly different (P<0,01) with compost production that obtained from ISK, IRK and ISB. Compost C/N ratio showed that value of compost kation exchange capacity was significantly different (P<0.05).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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