Judul: Daya antioksidasi saponin akar kuning (Archangelisia flava(L)Merr)sebagai mekanisme hepatoproteksi pada tikus yang diberi parasetamol
Abstrak: Tumbuhan akar kuning mengandung senyawa saponin yang diduga dapat mencegah terjadinya oksidasi radikal bebas terhadap membran hati sehingga mencegah kerusakan hati. Di dalam penelitian ini, perannya sebagai hepatoprotektor dapat dilihat dari kemampuannya menghambat peningkatan aktivitas alanin aminotransferase (ALT), aspartat aminotransferase (AST) dan konsentrasi lipid peroksida tikus putih yang dicekok parasetamol berdosis 500 mg/kg selama dua minggu. Kemampuannya sebagai hepatoprotektor juga dibandingkan dengan temulawak dan Cursill 70. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian saponin 100 mg/kg, ekstrak temulawak 100 mg/kg dan cursill 13.3 mg/kg menghambat peningkatan konsentrasi lipid peroksida, aktivitas ALT,dan AST relatif terhadap kontrol positif. Peningkatan kadar lipid peroksida keempat kelompok perlakuan yaitu: 1)kontrol positif: 129.5%% 2)saponin:4.4%3) Cursill 70: 83.4%,dan 4)temulawak: 64.3%. Peningkatan aktivitas ALT keempat kelompok perlakuan yaitu: 1)kontrol positif: 107.2% 2)saponin: 34.2% 3) Cursill 70: 23.6%, dan 4)temulawak: 36.8%. Peningkatan aktivitas AST keempat kelompok perlakuan yaitu: 1)kontrol positif: 105.6% 2)saponin: 52.3%, 3) Cursill 70: 55.8%,dan 4)temulawak: 31.4%. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi lipid peroksida berkorelasi positif terhadap aktivitas AST (R2 = 0.76). Dari peneltian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa ekstrak saponin, temulawak dan CursillⓇ70 dapat melindungi hati dari toksisitas parasetamol melalui mekanisme antioksidasinya.
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Judul: Ekstrak kasar saponin dari akar kuning sebagai hepatoprotektor
Abstrak: Tanaman akar kuning merupakan salah satu tanaman yang digunakan sebagai obat tradisional dan dipercaya dapat menyembuhkan penyakit kuning. Tanaman ini banyak mengandung alkaloid dan saponin. Dari penelitian terdahulu, alkaloid tidak terbukti memiliki khasiat hayati sebagai hepatoprotektor, maka penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan apakah saponin yang memiliki khasiat itu. Metode ekstraksi yang digunakan adalah metode refluks. Bobot ekstrak yang diperoleh dari etanoi (EKE), metanol (EKM), dan metanol-diklorometana dengan nisbah 1:1 dan 2:1 (EKMD 11 dan EKMD 21) adalah 80, 40,62; 41,04; dan 40,69%. Hasil ekstraksi menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol paling besar, hal ini mungkin disebabkan adanya esterifikasi aglikon saponin oleh etanol mengakibatkan berat ekstrak bertambah dan berubahnya struktur saponin sehingga pengukuran tegangan permukaan tidak dilakukan pada ekstrak ini. Ekstrak metanol-diklorometana 2:1 (EKMD 21) paling banyak melarutkan saponin karena tegangan permukaannya paling rendah dibandingkan dengan ekstrak lain. Hasil pengujian khasiat hayati menunjukkan EkMD 21 memiliki khasiat hepatoprotektor karena dapat menghambat 50% kenaikan aktivitas serum aspartat transaminase dan alanin transaminası akibat kerusakan hati oleh parasetamol 500 mg/kg bobot badan pada tikus sprague dawley....
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Judul: Spatial Model of Developing Village Based on Road Network and Land Use in Brebes District
Abstrak: Brebes is a rural district dominated by agricultural areas. The area of Brebes Regency is 1,769.62 km2 consisting of 292 villages and 17 sub-districts. Brebes Regency is in the northern region of Central Java Province, borders West Java, and is traversed by the Pantura National Road and the Trans-Java toll road. Geographically, the location of Brebes Regency is strategic so that infrastructure development is expected to optimize geographical advantages and encourage socio-economic development. However, in fact the gross regional domestic product (GRDP) per capita in Brebes in 2022 is IDR 17.61 million lower than the average GRDP per capita in the former Pekalongan Residency districts (consisting of five districts namely Pekalongan, Tegal, Pemalang, Batang, and Brebes) amounting to IDR 22.02 million. The Human Development Index of Brebes is 67.03, the lowest in Central Java, and the poverty rate in 2022 is 16.05%, the third highest in Central Java. Another indicator in assessing the development of Brebes, according to its characteristics which are dominated by rural areas, is the Village Development Index (IDM). IDM is a village development assessment index compiled by the Ministry of Villages, Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration. IDM is a com-posite index that assesses social resilience, economic resilience and environmental resilience. Brebes' IDM in 2022 is 0.6850 or on average they have developing village status. The value is below the Central Java’s IDM average (0.7118) and below the IDM average of the former Pekalongan Residency districts (0.6913). To overcome backwardness, it is necessary to study the spatial aspects of rural areas in Brebes Regency so that rural development can be in harmony with the spatial factors that most influence each village. The main objective of this research is to create modeling based on spatial factors in the form of road networks and land use on the level of village development in Brebes Regency. The method used is road network analysis and land use analysis, as well as regression analysis to determine the influence of the road network and land use on the IDM of Brebes Regency. The selected road network analysis is an analysis of road connectivity (alpha and beta indices), road density, and shortest route, while the land use analysis selected is an analysis of built-up land, regional compactness, and land use diversity. Both analyzes produce quantitative data which is used as an independent variable to assess village development based on IDM as the dependent variable. Correlation between variables was analyzed through geographically weighted regression (GWR) which was preceded by ordinary least squares (OLS) analysis accompanied by a com-parison of the two. The first stage of road network analysis produces an alpha index, beta index, and road network density level. The alpha index value in Brebes is in the range 0.370-0.856 with an average value of 0.455. This figure is still lower than the perfect score (α=1), which means that the road network in Brebes within the village area is not fully connected well. Meanwhile, the beta index value in Brebes is in the interval 1.682-1.944 with an average value of 1.792. This figure means that the road network
Keyword: GWR, road network, land use, village development