Judul: Simulasi Laju Penurunan Glukosa Darah Diabetes Tipe 1 Setelah Melakukan Aktivitas Fisik
Abstrak: Decline rate modeling of blood glucose in type 1 diabetes after exercise that made by Roy5 not attach consumption glucose factor. In the fact, type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) consume the glucose before exercise. Consumption of glucose can from food or drinks. In the research, we modify Roy’s5 model by attached glucose consumption. Result of modification model isn’t too different to experiment data. This is evident from R2 value obtained for 99.30%. In addition, this modification result isn’t much different with Anirban Roy’s model that have R2 value is 99.25%. Parameter values used for this model modification it’s identic, they are insulin injection (u1) is 15 μU min-1, exercise duration is 60 minute, patient boddy mass is 80 kg, and glucose consumption (D) is around to 10 mg min-1 dl-1 (for parameter values in modification model). Hypoglycemia will occur if amount of insulin injected into patient too much, while hyperglycemia can occur if amount of insulin injected into patient too little.
Keyword: hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, glucose, exercise, diabetes mellitus

Judul: Pengaruh Latihan Fisik pada Penderita Diabetes Tipe 1 dan Tipe 2 dengan Minimal Model Termodifikasi
Abstrak: Modified minimal model with the addition of two parameters, such as the effect of physical exercise to improve blood glucose missing and the effect of physical exercise to increase the secretion of insulin from the pancreas. This modified can be used as a simulator system reliable in analyzing glucose and insulin in healthy and diabetic conditions. It is seen from the simulation results in this study that the presence of physical exercise can lower glucose concentrations and increase insulin sensitivity. Type of physical exercise in type 2 diabetes can be divided into two, namely mild and strong. SI values in type 2 diabetes without exercise of 1.2×10-7 μU ml-1 min-1 and with mild physical exercise 2.974×10-4 μU ml-1 min-1 and strong physical exercise 3.9005×10-4 mlμU-1min-1. On the other hand in patients with type 1 diabetes physical exercise alone is not enough to lower the glucose concentration to basal glucose levels so it takes a shot. In this study, exogenous insulin type 1 diabetes at 50 and after physical exercise combined with exogenous insulin requirement was reduced to 40 % . In type 1 diabetes , physical exercise can also increase insulin sensitivity to near healthy range. SI value without physical exercise 5.3×10-7 μUml-1min-1 and after physical exercise 3.0111×10-4 μU ml-1 min-1.
Keyword: physical exercise, minimal model, insulin sensitivity, glucose, diabetes

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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