Judul: Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kulit Batang Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) Terhadap Salmonella sp. dan Escherichia coli.
Abstrak: Resistensi antibiotik pada bakteri mengakibatkan pencegahan dan pengobatan suatu penyakit infeksius menjadi tidak efektif, sehingga perlu dikembangkan alternatif antibakteri yang salah satunya dapat berasal dari tanaman. Kayu manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki potensi sebagai agen antibakteri dengan zat aktif berupa alkaloid, flavonoid, polifenol, saponin, dan terpenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran daya kerja ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis terhadap Salmonella sp. dan Eschericia coli. Pengujian daya kerja ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis dilakukan secara in vitro dengan menggunakan metode sumuran (agar well diffusion method). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekstrak kulit batang kayu manis pada konsentrasi 60% dan 80% memiliki aktivitas yang rendah sebagai antibakteri dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Salmonella sp., serta tidak memiliki aktivitas antibakteri terhadap Escherichia coli.
Keyword: antibakteri, Cinnamomum burmannii, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp.

Judul: Uji Daya Hambat Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Batang Kayu Manis (Cinnamomum burmannii) Sebagai Antimikroba Terhadap Bakteri Pada Wajah.
Abstrak: Resistance of microorganisms to antimicrobial agent such as antibiotic makes treatment with antibiotic become ineffective, so it is necessary to develop alternative antimicrobial from plants. One of the herbs that have antimicrobial activity is cinnamon. The aim of this research was to compare the effectivity of cinnamon bark (Cinnamomum burmannii) ethanol extract at various concentrations with clindamycin in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive cocci bacteria isolated from facial skin. The method used for in vitro antimicrobial inhibition test was agar well diffusion method. The test results showed that cinnamon bark extract has antimicrobial effectivity in inhibiting the growth of Gram-positive cocci bacteria but not as good as clindamycin. However, extract with concentration 20% and 40% in Micrococcus sp. showed better antimicrobial activity than clindamycin.
Keyword: antimicrobial, bacteria, face, cinnamon, Cinnamomum burmannii

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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