Judul: Modifikasi rancangan incinerator sebagai alat pembakar limbah medis kering6cMiftah Fariz Nurcholis
Abstrak: Limbah medis mengandung biohazard, sehingga harus dimusnahkan, antara lain dengan cara pembakaran menggunakan incinerator. Incinerator adalah alat pengelolaan sampah dengan prinsip pembakaran suhu tinggi terkendali. Incinerator rancangan Pane (2013) belum memenuhi kriteria sebagai incinerator pembakar limbah medis kering yang membutuhkan suhu minimal 815oC, sehingga perlu dimodifikasi. Modifikasi difokuskan pada upaya meningkatkan kinerja sistem pembakaran dengan penambahan pasokan udara oleh blower. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukkan peningkatan suhu maksimal pada ruang bakar mencapai 780oC dan laju pembakaran 6.2 kg/jam. Sedangkan upaya pemanfaatan panas pada ruang pembakaran untuk pemanasan air mampu menaikan suhu air hingga 26oC dengan debit 11 liter/menit. Selain itu panas gas buang mampu menghasilkan proses pengarangan 6 kg tempurung kelapa dengan kualitas bagus pada pengoprasian incinerator selama 135 menit. Incinerator hasil modifikasi belum berhasil menghasilkan tingkat suhu pembakaran yang dibutuhkan untuk pembakaran limbah medis kering, antara lain karena masih banyak energi panas yang terbuang.
Keyword: dry medical waste, incinerator, combustion temperature, heat loss

Judul: Design Modification of Continuous Type Incinerator as Burner Tool for Medical Waste
Abstrak: Aktivitas pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat seperti rumah sakit dan puskesmas berpotensi sebagai penghasil limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun (B3) yang berpotensi menyebabkan terjadinya pencemaran lingkungan. Limbah medis mengandung biohazard, sehingga harus dimusnahkan, antara lain dengan menggunakan alat atau instalasi pembakar sampah (incinerator). Incinerator merupakan alat penanganan sampah dengan menggunakan proses pembakaran yang dikendalikan melalui pembakaran dengan suhu tinggi. Incinerator rancangan Pane (2013) yang telah dimodifikasi oleh Miftah (2016) belum memenuhi kriteria sebagai incinerator pembakar limbah medis yang mensyaratkan suhu pembakaran minimum 800 ⁰C. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan modifikasi incinerator rancangan Pane (2013) agar mampu mencapai suhu pembakaran minimum 800 ⁰C. Modifikasi difokuskan pada upaya peningkatan kinerja sistem pembakaran dengan memperbaiki sistem pemasukan udara pada incinerator. Parameter yang diukur dalam uji kinerja incinerator hasil modifikasi tersebut adalah suhu pembakaran, laju pembakaran, kualitas asap buang, faktor keamanan, dan pemanfaatan energi panas. Uji kinerja menggunakan bahan campuran limbah kain perca dan botol plastik, karena penggunaan limbah B3 di kampus tidak memungkinkan. Hasil uji kinerja menunjukkan bahwa suhu pembakaran mampu mencapai 980 ⁰C dengan laju pembakaran sebesar 9 kg/jam. Pemanfaatan energi panas yang dihasilkan mampu memanaskan air hingga 86 ⁰C dengan debit aliran air sebesar 0,018 lt/detik, dan mengarangkan tempurung kelapa di ruang pengendapan asap sebanyak 2-2,5 kg arang dengan kualitas baik. Dengan demikian, modifikasi yang dilakukan telah sukses menghasilkan incinerator yang memenuhi kriteria sebagai pembakar limbah medis., Public health services such as hospitals or other health center tend to be the waste producer, which some of them are labeled as hazardous and toxic waste (B3) which eventually cause environmental pollution. One of the possible solution is to burn the waste by using incinerator. Basically, incinerator is a waste burner which was using high temperature to burn medical waste. Incinerator designed by Pane (2013) and modified by Miftah (2016) has not yet meet the ideal criteria for a medical waste incinerator, that requires combustion temperature level more than 800⁰C. This reasearch aims to improve combustion in order to reach the temperature level higher than 800 ⁰C by air intake system modification. Combustion process temperatures, smoke quality, safety factor, and energy utilities are the parameter which determined as incinerator performance. The performance test used a mixture of patchwork waste and plastic bottles, because of using B3 waste on campus is not possible. The result of this research showing that combustion temperature successfully increased up to 980 ⁰C for combustion rate of 9 kg/hour. Utilization of heat energy produced by combustion process inside the chamber, successfully produce 2-2,5 kg of good quality coconut shell charcoal and hot water of 86 ⁰C at 0,018 lt/hour flow rate. The modifications carried out has been successful on producing medical waste incinerator.
Keyword: continuous type, hospital, incinerator, medical waste

Judul: Hubungan antara perdagangan terbuka dan pengembangan sector keuangan di negara-negara Asia Timur dan Asia Selatan
Abstrak: Trading activities play an important role in expanding economic growth. The government can either isolate trading or open trading to other countries. It is possible for a country to be open to trade without financial development. Trade openness and financial development are linked; one part cannot be sustained without the other part. There is a debate regarding the link between these two sectors are stronger in middle income countries or high-income countries. Some studies believe the relationship between these two sectors seem stronger in developed countries while some in developing countries. The link between these two sectors are still inconclusive, thus this research regarding this issue need to be taken in East Asian and South Asian countries. In this study, we analyse data set from 12 countries over the period of 2000 to 2016. The data for financial development is collected by Beck, Demirgüç-Kunt, Čihák, Feyen, and Levine (2018) in Financial Structure Database. Three bankbased financial development measurements are used: liquid liabilities (llgdp), bank assets (dbagdp) and private credit (pcrdbofgdp). Liquid liabilities are defined by the sum of demand and currency and interest-bearing liabilities of financial institutions, divided by GDP. It is usually used as an indicator for financial depth. Bank assets are the value of claims on domestic real nonfinancial sector by deposit money banks as GDP share. Private credit is equal to the value of credits by banks and non-banks to private sector divided by GDP. The data for trade openness is collected from World Development Indicator, published by World Bank (2019). As an indicator in trade openness, trade share is used, in which the logarithm of sum of imports and exports divide GDP (lto). In order to strengthen the results, this research also used controls variables between financial development and trade openness. This study estimates the long- and short-run relationships between trade openness and financial development in East Asian and South Asian countries over the period 2000-2016. Comparing a pooled mean group (PMG) estimator and a mean group (MG) estimator. The regressions are separated based on income levels and regions. The results emphasize that a pooled error correction term predicts that there is a long run relationship between trade openness and financial development. However, only bank assets are insignificant in any regressions. In the short run, mostly financial development indicators are insignificant on trade openness in highand- middle income countries. In addition, robustness test outlines the relationship between trade openness and financial development are insignificant in the long run and short run. It means that the relationship between trade and finance are influenced by omitted variables.
Keyword: trade openness, financial development