Judul: Pembuatan Kecap Ikan dengan Cara Kombinasi Hidrolisa Enzimatis dan Fermentasi
Abstrak: penelitian dibagi menjadi 2 bagian yaitu penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian utama. Pada penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan pembuatan kecap ikan dengan hidrolisa enzimatis menggunakan enzim protease bakteri dan dilanjutkan dengan fermentasi, menggunakan kultur murni campuran Bacillus pummilus dan Micrococcus roseus. Pada penelitian ini diperoleh hasil bahwa total Nitrogen dan kadar N-a-amino akan meningkat selama fermentasi.
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Judul: Pembuatan kecap ikan secara hidrolisis asam dari ikan kembung (Rastrellinger spp.)
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah membuat kecap ikan se- cara cepat dengan citarasa dan bau yang disukai; agar dapat dimanfaatkan selain oleh perusahaan besar juga oleh industri kecil. Selain itu bertujuan juga untuk memanfaatkan kelebihan produksi ikan kembung yang tidak dapat dipasarkan. Kecap ikan hidrolisis asam dibuat dengan cara menghidro- lisis ikan yang telah dikukus dan dihancurkan. Perlakuan per- bandingan HC1 - ikan yang dicobakan adalah 1: 2; 1: 1 dan 2: 1. Proses hidrolisis dilakukan pada suhu 80°- 85°C selama 18 jam dan pada suhu kamar (29° 31°C) selama 8 hari. Selan- jutnya untuk meningkatkan citarasa kecap ikan yang dihasilkan diteliti juga kemungkinan penggunaan bumbu-bumbu (pekak, wijen, lengkuas dan bawang putih) dan karamel. Pengamatan terhadap kecap ikan meliputi kadar protein, nitrogen bukan protein, amino nitrogen bebas, kadar trime- tilamin, kadar garam, aw, total padatan terlarut, kepekatan warna (absorbansi) dan organoleptik (warna, rasa, bau dan aseptabilitas). Semua pengamatan dilakukan juga terhadap kecap ikan fermentasi sebagai pembanding. Hasil analisis memperlihatkan bahwa rata-rata kadar pro- tein 5,56 gr per 100 ml, nitrogen bukan protein 942,05 mg N per 100 gr, & amino nitrogen bebas 199,22 mg N per 100 gr, ...
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite