Judul: Komposisi Hiu Paus Berdasarkan Jenis Kelamin dan Ukuran Serta Perilaku Kemunculannya di Kawasan Taman Nasional Teluk Cenderawasih
Abstrak: Ecology and behavior of whale sharks are rarely known. Since 2011, whale sharks in Teluk Cenderawasih National Park (TCNP) have been a growing popular attraction for tourists because of the sharks' regular association with lift net fisheries (i.e., bagans). The research was aimed to identify sex and body size of each whale shark individual and their surface behavior in Cendrawasih Bay. The observation survey was conducted at bagan fishermen from April to July 2013 to document date, time, location, and number of whale sharks seen each day. A total of 36 males and 1 female were recorded during study period. The size was ranged between 3 to 6 meters, indicating that they were in immature age range. The highest emergence activity of whale sharks was found in the Sowa (76 times), followed by Kwatisore (51 times) and Yaur (7 times). It was indicated that the surface presence of whale sharks near bagans as part of their feeding behavior. This is indicated by the appearance of a whale shark was related to the number of catches of fishermen. Therefore, a better management of bagan fishing operations and tourist attractions are urgent to be implementing for ensuring the vitality of whale sharks in Cenderawasih Bay National Park.
Keyword: Cenderawasih Bay, feeding ecology, eating, behavior, whale sharks

Judul: Whale Shark (Rhincodon typus) Occurrence and  Interaction with Human in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara
Abstrak: Hiu paus merupakan salah satu jenis ikan terbesar di dunia yang dilindungi secara hukum. Kegiatan wisata hiu paus yang dilakukan di Teluk Saleh menimbulkan dampak negatif bagi kesejahteraan hiu paus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemunculan hiu paus (Rhincodon typus) di Teluk Saleh serta mengevaluasi prosedur operasional baku yang sudah beroperasi di Teluk Saleh Kabupaten Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan melakukan observasi langsung dan wawancara. Data yang didapatkan berupa ID hiu paus, tingkah laku, kegiatan wisatawan, dan persepsi wisatawan dan nelayan. Data yang dikumpulkan menunjukkan bahwa kemunculan hiu paus di Teluk Saleh oleh keberadaan bagan dan ketersediaan pakan. Kemunculan hiu paus di Teluk Saleh terjadi saat pagi dan malam hari, namun didominasi pada pagi hari. Banyaknya pelanggaran yang masih dilakukan oleh wisatawan dan operator wisata memerlukan pemantauan lebih lanjut mengenai menilai prosedur operasional baku di Teluk Saleh, Nusa Tenggara Barat., Whale sharks is one of the largest fish species in the world and legally protected. Whale shark tourism activities carried out in Saleh Bay have a negative impact on the welfare of whale sharks. This study aims to analyze the occurrence of whale sharks (Rhincodon typus) in Saleh Bay and evaluate the standard operating procedures that have been operating in Saleh Bay, Sumbawa Regency, West Nusa Tenggara. This research was conducted by conducting direct observations and interviews. Data obtained in the form of whale shark ID, behavior, tourist activities, and perceptions of tourists and fishermen. The data collected showed that the occurrence of whale sharks in Saleh Bay is driven by the presence of nets and the availability of food. The occurrence of whale sharks in Saleh Bay occurs in the morning and at night, but predominantly in the morning. The number of violations still committed by tourists and tour operators requires further monitoring of assessing standard operating procedures in Saleh Bay, West Nusa Tenggara.
Keyword: tingkah laku, Hiu Paus, ID Hiu Paus, Wisata Hiu Paus

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
Keyword: