Judul: Jumlah Sel Somatik Susu Kambing Peranakan Etawah Setelah Vaksinasi Dengan Vaksin Iradiasi Streptococcus Agalactiae Untuk Pencegahan Mastitis Subklinis
Abstrak: Kambing Peranakan Etawah (Pe) Merupakan Kambing Yang Dipelihara Untuk Memenuhi Kebutuhan Susu Dan Daging. Sebagai Ternak Penghasil Susu, Kambing Pe Juga Rentan Terhadap Mastitis Subklinis. Mastitis Subklinis Sebagian Besar Disebabkan Oleh Streptococcus Agalactiae. Banyak Metode Yang Dikembangkan Untuk Melawan Mastitis Subklinis (Meningkatkan Higiene Sanitasi, Teat Dipping, Dan Vaksinasi). Tujuan Dari Penelitian Ini Adalah Mengetahui Pengaruh Vaksin Iradiasi Streptococcus Agalactiae Terhadap Jumlah Sel Somatik Pada Susu Kambing Pe. Kambing Yang Digunakan Adalah Kambing Sehat Usia Kebuntingan Empat Sampai Lima Bulan Yang Divaksin Tiga Kali Dengan Interval 2 Minggu. Volume Vaksin Yang Digunakan Adalah 2 Ml Dan Mengandung 108 Cfu/Ml Streptococcus Agalactiae Yang Diiradiasi Dengan Sinar Gamma Dengan Laju Dosis 112.504 Krad/Jam Dan Dosis 17 Gy. Sampel Susu Yang Digunakan Diambil Dua Kali Setelah Vaksinasi Dengan Pengambilan Sampel Pada Minggu Kedua Setelah Kelahiran. Sampel Susu Yang Diperoleh Dilakukan Penghitungan Jumlah Sel Somatik (Jss). Hasil Penelitian Menunjukkan Bahwa Jss Dari Sampel 1 Lebih Rendah Dari Sampel 2 Dan Jss< 1500000 Sel/Ml. Meskipun Terjadi Peningkatan Jss Namun Masih Berada Dalam Status Normal. Hal Ini Menunjukkan Bahwa Vaksin Iradiasi Streptococcus Agalactiae Berpotensi Untuk Mencegah Kejadian Mastitis Subklinis Pada Kambing Yang Disebabkan Oleh Bakteri Streptococcus Agalactiae.
Keyword: Vaksin Iradiasi, Kambing Peranakan Etawah (Pe), Jumlah Sel Somatik (Jss), Streptococcus AgalactiaeVaksin Iradiasi

Judul: Profil leukosit kambing peranakan etawah setelah vaksinasi iradiasi streptococcus agalactiae untuk pencegahan mastitis subklinis
Abstrak: Etawah cross breed goat was domesticated to fulfill human need on meat and milk. As a dairy milk producer etawah cross breed goat is susceptible to subclinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis is often caused by Streptococcus agalactiae. Several methods had been developed to prevent subclinical mastitis, i.e., promoting sanitation and higiene, teat dipping, and vaccination. The objective of this reseach was to identify the efectiveness of irradiated vaccine S. agalactiae to prevent subclinical mastitis caused by S. agalactiae through observation of leucocytes profile. This research used pregnant healthy goats with four until five months gestation that were vaccinated three times with interval of 2 weeks. The vaccine volume used was 2 mL and contain 108 cfu/mL S. agalactiae administerated by subcutaneous route. The blood samples of 9 pregnant Etawah cross breed goats (5 vaccinated goats and 4 control goats) were taken out every one week post vaccinated. Samples were prepared to be blood smear preparation and stained with Giemsa and examined on leucocytes profile (relative value and total value). This study showed that limphocytes from treated etawah cross breed goats were higher than control. Relative and total value of lymphocytes in prevactination were significantly different (P<0.05) (73.67±2.05% and 5230±87 cell/μL) also postvactination 3rd (66.00±4.08% and 5676±1520 cell/μL). The study concluded that the secondary immune response from vaccination program already formed to prevent subclinical mastitis in etawah cross breed goat caused by S. agalactiae.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), Streptococcus agalactiae., leucocytes profile, irradiation vaccine, etawah cross breed goat

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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