Judul: Evaluasi kecernaan campuran bungkil inti sawit dan onggok yang difermentasi oleh Trichoderma harzianum Rifai untuk pakan Nila Oreochromis sp
Abstrak: Utilization of palm kernel cake (PKC) and tapioca waste (TW) as fish diet is limited due to the high fiber content. The experiment consisted of two step. The aim of first experiment was to evaluate the reduction of crude fiber from the mixture of 80% PKC and 20% TW fermented by Trichoderma harzianum with incubation period of 6, 8 and 10 days respectively. An inoculum dose was 5%, and the number of T. harzianum colonies were 2.6x106 CFU/ml. The result showed that the highest crude fiber reduction was achieved in the incubation period of 8 days, reaching 44.28%. The fermentation process could also increased the glucose content. The aim of second experiment was to evaluate the digestibility of fermented PKC-TW (FPKC-TW) for tilapia. Digestibility test was conducted on tilapia with an average initial weight of 41.27 ± 2.16 g and reared in each aquarium (40x50x35 cm) for 15 days. The result showed that digestibility of fermented 80% PKC-20%TW was higher than unfermented PKC. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the use of T. harzianum reduced the fiber content of PKC-TW, thereby increasing the digestibility
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Judul: Evaluasi Kualitas dan Kecernaan Kulit Singkong, Biji Karet, Kopra, Biji Kapuk, dan Palm Kernel Meal Difermentasi Saccharomyces cerevisiae pada Juvenil Ikan Nila Oreochromis
Abstrak: Feed becomes the most expensive factor in freshwater aquaculture production. It often costs from 45% to 85% of total variable expensis, depending on its intensity of culture operation. The high price is caused by materials which used in this operation. The materials availability still rely on imports such as fish meal, soybean meal, and flour. This makes price of feedstuff is not competitive. Therefore, an alternative local’s feedstuffs which could potentially reduce or even replace imported feedstuff composition in diets is needed. However, the low quality of local’s feedstuffs nutrition make it difficult to developed. This low quality caused by high crude fiber content and the presence of anti-nutritional substances factor, so it needs to be processed first by fermentation methods. This study used five treatments, two factors, and one replicates. Fish used in this study were juvenile of nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus which has weight about 16,26±2,43 grams. Diets given at satiation, three times a day. The feedstuffs used are cassava peel, rubber seed, cottonseed, copra, and (Palm Kernel Meal, PKM). The result of this study showed some enhancements in fish content. The fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae can increase fish (test material) protein around 16,85%-31,11%, decrease crude fiber around 2,46%-31,65%, increase protein digestibility around 0,25%-11,7%, increase digestibility of energy around 4,29%-11,17% (except for digestibilty in the cassava peel) and also increase the digestibility of feedstuffs around 1,37%-61,19% in juvenile of nile tilapia O. niloticus.
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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