Judul: The Potential of and Challenges for the Indonesian Beef Self-Sufficiency Programme.
Abstrak: Over the last decade there has been a change in the global food system, including the livestock sector. Growing population, higher incomes, increasing urbanisation and shifting food preferences contribute to rising demand for animal food products, particularly in developing countries. In response, the Indonesian government promoted the beef self-sufficiency programme, largely motivated by revitalisation programmes in agriculture, fisheries and forestry, introduced in 2005. This paper examines the potential of and challenges for the Indonesian beef self-sufficiency policy, and aims to discuss the importance of improving productivity in the beef sector by encouraging investment in research and development, as well as improving efficiency along the supply chain. The findings suggest that achieving beef self-sufficiency through the improvement of productivity would help poverty reduction and encourage business diversification in the agriculture and livestock sectors.
Keyword: ivestock sector, beef self-sufficiency programme, productivity.

Judul: Analisis Sumberdaya dan Konsumsi Daging Sapi di Indonesia Tahun 2005-2010
Abstrak: Indonesian beef resources problem is the high demand of import rate which is interfere with the independence and potential in food trap exporting countries (DITJENAK 2010). The Indonesian beef consumtion problem is the low consumption of beef between other ASEAN countries. The objective of the study is to analyzed the resources and the consumption of beef in Indonesian from 2005-2010. A descriptive design was implemented and a set of scondary data was used in the study. Data was analyzed using Microsoft Excell 2007 for Windows. The result showed that the production (including offal) national has rose from positive percentage rate (2,91%). The average percentage of total production amounted to 77,59 percent, and imports amounting to 22,41 percent. The availability of beef has rose from positive percentage rate (6,04%). The average availability of beef is 1,69 kg/cap/yr or 286,63 thousand tons/yr. Amount of the consumption of levels tended to increase (2,83%). The beef consumption in 2010 is 1,56 kg/kap/th. The average of national beef consumption reach 1,47 kg/cap/yr. The type of largest consumption is food made from beef (soto/gule/sop/rawon, sate/tongseng, mie bakso, and daging goreng) reach 0,93 kg/cap/yr. The lowest consumption is offal reach 0,02 kg/cap/yr. Ideal consumption of beef is 2,46 kg/cap/yr. Actual consumption of beef is still less than ideal. The difference is -1 kg/cap /yr. The average sufficiency availability with respect to imports (on trend) of beef from 2005 to 2010 to meet the actual consumption of beef population of Indonesia. The average sufficiency availability without regard import (absolute) of beef has not been able to meet the actual consumption of the population of Indonesia. The sufficiency availability on trend and absolute of beef are not able to meet the ideal consumption of the population in Indonesia.
Keyword: 

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology