Judul: Studi Keanekaragaman Mesofauna dan Makrofauna Tanah pada Areal Bekas Tambang Timah di Kabupaten Belitung, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung.
Abstrak: Kelestarian fauna-fauna tanah di suatu loka (site) membutuhkan dukungan sumber energi, antara lain jasad-jasad hidup dan mati, khususnya dari golongan tumbuhan dan binatang. Pada suatu ekosistem yang rumit seperti hutan hujan tropika alami, terdapat jenis, watak, dan pasokan bahan sumber energi yang melimpah, sehingga memungkinkan kehadiran dan berkembangnya aneka jenis fauna tanah dalam kelimpahan tinggi. Hal tersebut memicu berlangsungnya penghancuran/perepihan/pelumatan bahan organik (serasah dan bangkai) dengan laju tinggi, memperluas permukaan bahan organik sehingga lebih siap diurai dan merangsang kegiatan-kegiatan yang menimbulkan perubahan-perubahan pada fabrik dan susunan tanah.
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Judul: Suksesi Vegetasi pada Areal Bekas Tambang Timah di Kabupaten Belitung, Provinsi Kepulauan Bangka-Belitung
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah negara yang sangat kaya akan sumber daya alam. Salah satu kegiatan dalam memanfaatkan sumber daya alam adalah kegiatan pertarnbangan. Kegiatan pertambangan apabila tidak dilaksanakan secara tepat dapat menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap lingkungan. Dampak kegiatan pertarnbangan, antara lain rusaknya vegetasi, berubahnya komposisi tumbuhan penyusun areal tarnbang, penurunan produktivitas tanah, dan lain-lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis sifat fisik dan kimia tanah, kondisi vegetasi, dan tingkat suksesi yang teJj adi di areal bekas tambang timah. Kegiatan penelitian ini dilaksanakan di tiga areal bekas penarnbangan timah PT. TlMAH Kabupaten Belitung, yaitu Desa Tanjung Pendam (terakhir ditambang tahun 1996), Desa Aik Merbau (terakhir ditarnbang tahun 1989), dan Desa Batu!tam (terakhir ditambang 1978). Alat dan bahan yang digunakan antara lain meteran (50 m), klinometer, kompas bidik, indikator pH, perlengkapan herbarium, air suling, dan lain-lain. Hasil analisis sifat fisik tanah di lokasi Desa Tanjung Pendam, yaitu kelas tekstur pasir, dengan tipe struktur prisma, kelas struktur halus, dan mutu tidak berstruktur; sedangkan sifat kimia tanah yaitu pH tanah tergolong kategori sangat asam dengan nilai 5,0. Di lokasi Desa Aik Merbau, kelas tekstur tanahnya berupa pasir, dengan tipe struktur butiran, kelas struktur medium dan mutu lemah, dengan nilai pH tanah 5,0. Di Desa batu ltarn, kelas tekstur tanahnya geluh pasiran, dengan tipe struktur butiran, kelas struktur medium dan mutu teguh, dengan nilai pH tanah tergolong sangat asam (PH 5,0).
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm