Judul: Reaksi Fenton Diikuti Presipitasi oIeh Sulfida sebagai Metode Penanganan Limbah Cair Laboratorium dari Pengujian COD dan Klorida
Abstrak: Limbah cair laboratorium terdiri atas berbagai jenis bahan kimia yang dihasilkan dari sisa analisis kegiatan sehari-bari. Limbah ini di antaranya mengandung pencemar berbahaya dan saat ini belum terdapat pengolahan yang khusus mengatasi masalah ini. Limbah hasil pengukuran COD (chemical oxygen demand) dan limbah hasil pengukuran k10rida diteliti untuk diolah sebagai langkah awal terciptanya pengolahan limbah cair laboratorium yang baik. Kedua limbah ini dipilih karena menggunakan merkuri (Hg) pada proses analisisnya. Merkuri dalam jumlah sedikit saja dapat berbahaya bagi Iingkungan apabila tidak ditangani dengan tepat. Limbah cair seeara umum terdiri atas pencemar organik dan pencemar anorganik. Reaksi Fenton diusulkan untuk mengatasi komponen organik pencemar limbah. Presipitasi oleh sulfida diusulkan untuk mengatasi komponen anorganik pencemar limbah. Pada penelitian ini, pengukuran COD pada limbah hasil pengujian COD menunjukan tidak diperlukannya reaksi Fenton. Pengukuran pada limbah COD hasil pengolahan menunjukan rerata penurunan Ag, Cr, dan Hg berturut-turut sebesar 99,96; 98,63; dan 99,99%. Hasil percobaan memperlihatkan bahwa metode ini mampu mengurangi kadar limbah secara nyata namun masih belum dapat menurunkan kadar pencemar hingga dibawah baku mutu yang ditetapkan. Pengolahan Iimbah klorida memerlukan reaksi Fenton karena kadar COD sampel tinggi. Hasil reaksi Fenton pada Iimbah pengukuran k10rida masih kurang baik karena belum dapat menuruukan kadar COD seeara nyata'
Keyword: 

Judul: Pengolahan limbah cair yang mengandung logam merkuri dengan reaksi Fenton dan presipitasi sulfida
Abstrak: Discharging wastewater to water body can cause environment contamination if its quality does not meet with the corresponding quality standard. For analysis, every laboratory use various hazardous chemicals according to reference methods. This research was intended to reduce environmental contamination by reducing organic matters and metal that exists in wastewater before discharging it to the waters. Wastewater samples were oxidized using Fenton reaction with ratios of 1:10, 1:25, 1:50, and 1:100 (b/b) to reduce its organic matters level and continued by sulfide precipitation using Na2S 13% (b/v) with volumes of 7, 9, 10, 11, 15, and 20 mL in 100 mL samples to reduce its metal content level. The content of organic matters was measured by chemical oxygen demand analysis and for its metal level contents was analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The highest percentage removal of organic matter level was 92.01% from the ratio of 1:100 and for inorganic compounds reached 99.99% in various Na2S volume. The results indicated that this method could reduce organic matters and metal content level.
Keyword: 

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates