Judul: Increasing Maize Pollen Viability with NPK and Boron, and Its Utilization in Hybrid Seed Production
Abstrak: Maizeis one of food crops targeted to be self-sufficient in 2014, thus production should be increased to meet the demand. One way of increasing the production is use of hybrid seeds which is not always available for farmers due to low seed production of F1 hybrid. The low production of the F1 hybrid is hindered by the low pollen production, short pollen viability, and unsynchronized flowering of male and female parents. Therefore, increasing pollen viability as well as prolong storability of the pollen using NPK and boron would ensure the availability of pollen for hybrid seed production. The research was conducted in the experimental station of Puspiptek and Seed Technology and Agro-Industrial and Biomedical Development (Laptiab) laboratory, BPPT, Serpong. The research was carried out during April to November 2013, consisted of two experiments to study the effect of NPK and boron on pollen production and viability; and to investigate the effect of temperature and prolonged storage of pollen on maize hybrid seed production. The male parent of hybrid maize Bima 3 (strain M14 ) was used in the first experiment that was arranged in split plot design with three replicates. The main plot was dosage of NPK i.e. 0, 300 and 600 kg ha-1. The sub plot was dosage of boron i.e. 0, 1, 2, 3 kg ha-1. The result showed that NPK increased plant height and number of leaves, shorten the time of emergence of tassel (J50%), increased the number of spike per tassel, spike length and pollen viability. Application of boron increased the number of spike per tassel, lengthened the spike and increased pollen viability. NPK 600 kg ha-1 and boron 3 kg ha-1 increased the number of spike per tassel, spike length, and pollen viability. In the second experiment NPK 600 kg ha-1 and boron 3 kg ha-1 was applied to produce pollen of M14 and then stored and used for hybrid seed production. The female parent of Bima 3 (Nei9008) was used to evaluate if stored pollen was potentially beneficial for hybrid seed production. The experiment was arranged in completely randomized design with two factors and three replicates. The first factor was storage temperature i.e. -20 °C and-40 °C, and the second factor was storage period i.e. 0, 1, 2 and 3 weeks after storage (WAS). The results showed that both the storage temperature -20 °C and -40 °C were able to maintain the pollen viability above 85% for 3 WAS based on I2KI stain. However, the stored pollen was not effective for hybrid seed production due to very low seed set. Seeds obtained from stored pollen had lower germination percentage, vigor index and germinated slower than those obtained from fresh pollen.
Keyword: male parent, female parent, Bima 3, pollen storage, controlled pollination

Judul: Evaluasi Kemurnian Genetik dengan Marka Mikrosatelit dan Aplikasi Rizobakteri untuk Meningkatkan Produksi dan Mutu Fisiologis Benih Jagung Hibrida
Abstrak: One effort to improve maize production is through the use of high quality maize seed. In order to assure high quality seed, it’s genetic quality must be tested. SSR markers often used in genetic studies of maize plants. Therefore SSR can be used to analyze the genetic purity of maize hybrid seed. Another effort to increase productivity and physiological quality of maize hybrid seeds is using rhizobacteria and phosphate fertilizer. The objectives of this research were 1) to determine SSR markers specific for male and female parents, 2) to know the effectiveness of SSR markers for the genetic purity testing of maize hybrid seeds, 3) to find non phytopathogenic rhizobacteria isolates capable of dissolving phosphate, producing IAA, and improving the physiological quality of seed and seedling growth of female parent of maize hybrid, 4) to assess the effect of rhizobacteria and phosphate fertilizers to increase plant growth and yield female parent of maize hybrid, 5) to investigate the effect of rhizobacteria and P fertilizer for increasing productivity and physiological quality of maize hybrid seed. This research consisted of four stages: (1) Selection of SSR primers specific for female and male parents, and testing of genetic purity of hybrid maize seed using SSR markers, (2) Characterization of rhizobacteria in producing IAA, dissolving unsoluble forms of phosphate, non phytopathogenic (hypersensitive reaction test), and improving the physiological quality of maize hybrid seed, (3) Testing the effectiveness of rhizobacteria and phosphate fertilizer on plant growth of female parent in polybag, and (4) Evaluation the effectiveness of rhizobacteria and phosphate fertilizer to increase productivity and the physiological quality of maize hybrid seed in the field. All stages of the research were conducted from April 2011 until December 2012. Results of experiment 1 showed that: 1) Out of five markers tested, three markers namely phi96100, phi328175 and phi072 produced polymorphic bands and were able to distinguish parental lines of two maize hybrid varieties. SSR marker phi96100 was specific for detection the genetic purity of cv.Bima-4 and phi072 for cv.Bima-3. While phi328175 was specific markers to both maize hybrids. The genetic purity of cv.Bima-3 and cv. Bima-4 were 97.5% and 80% respectively. Results of experiment 2 showed that from 34 rhizobacteria isolates, consisted of Actinomycetes, Bacillus spp., and Fluorescent pseudomonads, five isolates of each group having characteristic of dissolving phosphate, producing IAA, and non phytopathogenic. B28 and B46 isolates increased growth rate and vigour index of female parent seeds of hybrid maize. AB2, ATS4, B28, P14, and P31 isolates were selected based on the ability to improve the physiological seed quality of female parent and the rhizobacteria B42 based on the highest production of IAA. These isolates were then used in the field experiment. Results of experiment 3 showed that phosphate fertilizer did not effect the plant growth, weight of ear, and weight kernel per ear but rhizobacteria B42 isolate was potential to increase plant growth compared the control and other rhizobacteria. B28 isolate was potential to increase weight of ear, and weight kernel per ear. Results of the field experiment showed that at the first planting season (rainy
Keyword: Actinomycetes, Fluorescent pseudomonads, parental lines of maize hybrid, seed storage, SSR marker

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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