Judul: The impact of fiscal policy on output and labor structural change in West Java Province
Abstrak: The objectives of this research are: (1) to analyze the change on both output and labor structure in West Java Province, (2) to analyze the interrelation among sectors when the change on output and labor structure occur, particularly among agricultural, industrial and service sectors, (3) to analyze the impact of fiscal policies on both output growth and output structural change in West Java Province, and (4) to analyze the impact of fiscal policies on the labor structural change in West Java Province. In order to answer the above, a simultaneous equation model was established, consisting of 32 structural equations and 16 identity equations. Furthermore, this research used data pooling where data were analyzed with descriptive analysis, econometric model, as well as predictions using a variety of policy scenario alternatives. Model was then estimated by 2SLS method. In its development era, West Java Province experienced a change process on output and labor structure. The decrease on agricultural sector contribution was not automatically followed by the increase on labor contribution in industrial sector since it was absorbed by other sectors such as the informal ones. After fiscal decentralization policies were applied, there was an increase not only on output contribution but also on labor of non agricultural sectors; conversely, there was a decrease on both output contribution and labor of agricultural sector. The increase on both receipt and expenditure gave a positive impact on output sector, but increase in output agricultural sector is less than non agricultural sector, and it lead to output structural change. The increase in output sector gave a positive impact on labor sector, but increase on labor of agricultural sector is less than non agricultural sector, and it lead to labor structural change. The increase on income from DAU and expenditure regional gave a positive impact on not only PDRB and labor agricultural sectors but also PDRB and labor non agricultural sectors. Hence, government needs to carry out fiscal policies, for instance by increasing both income from DAU and expenditure to increase the output and labor absorption.
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Judul: The impact of fiscal policy on the economy of the regencies and cities of South Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: This study aimed to analyse the impact of fiscal policy on the regencies and cities’ economy of the South Sulawesi Province. The econometric model with the system of simultaneous equations were used to analyse the panel data from 2004 to 2009 of 23 regenci es and cities. The result showed that the fiscal policies of local government, particularly, for the capital spending, either on agriculture or other sectors of capital expenditure had a positive effect on the local economy. Private investments had a positive and significant effect on output (gross regional domestic product) on seven sectors including industry, electricity gas and water, construction, trade, transportation and communications, finance, and services. In addition, private investment may also increase non - farm employment, reduce unemployment, and inflation in the region. On the other side of fiscal policy in the form of local revenues and significant negative effect on private investment. It will be a high economic cost if the local government s must explore the potential taxes and retribution.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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