Judul: Prediction of the gross energy for fishmeal using near infrared reflectant (nir) technology
Abstrak: ATIATUL QUDDUS. Prediction of the Gross Energy for Fishmeal using Near Infrared Reflectant (NIR) Technology. Supervised by I WAYAN BUDIASTRA as the Chairman, WIRANDA G. PILIANG as the member. In order to maintain the nutritional value of diets, feed must be monitored simultaneously. Fishmeal is one of the important feedstuff, a by product from fish industry. It is needed as the source of protein in the diet for farm animals and fish industry. The feedstuff is ideally tested each time of arrival. Near infrared reflectance analysis was assessed as a potential technique to measure gross energy of fishmeal. NIR scanning was conducted by using wavelengths ranging from 900 to 2.000 nm. This experiment was aimed to predict gross energy (GE) content of fishmeal by using Near Infrared (NIR) technology. Fishmeal that was used in this experiment was obtained from the poultry shop in several regions in Indonesia and from animal feed industries. This experiment was conducted by using 50 fishmeals and 50 broiler chickens. Thirty five samples out of 50 samples fishmeal was used to develop the NIR of calibration and the rest 15 samples was used to test the accuracy of the calibration. Fifty broiler chickens used to measure the metabolizable energy (ME) value. NIR reflectant was measured by NIR system. Gross energy was measured by bomb calorimeter. Metabolizable energy was determined by bioassay method. Collected data were analyzed by using multivariate linier regression (MLR) and principal component regression (PCR). Calibration equation of reflectant was analyzed by using 29 wavelengths for predicting GE and 11 wavelengths for predicting ME content. The results of the validation indicated high accuracy with standard error and coefficient of variation for GE: SEp = 6.6 Kkal/Kg, CV = 0.2 % and for ME: SEp = 171.8 Kkal/Kg, CV = 5.8 %. Calibration equation was obtained from PCR method by using absorbent data. The result of the validation indicated less accuracy with standard error and coefficient of variation for GE: SEp = 119.92 Kkal/Kg, CV = 4.16% and for ME: SEp = 388.37 Kkal/Kg, CV = 13.12%.
Keyword: 

Judul: NIR method assesment as a rapid evaluation for broiler feed
Abstrak: Government carried out quality assurance of feed to protect farmers from the feed quality was not in accordance with the requirements. Generally, feed quality testing carried out using chemical methods, but it took a long time, expensive, complicated and produce residues. Near Infrared (NIR) is the alternative method that quicker and inexpensive. The objective of this study was to evaluate broiler feed by NIR comparing with chemical analysis. The research was conducted at the Balai Pengujian Mutu Pakan Ternak (BPMPT) Bekasi and some feed mills, from June 2008 until March 2010. The materials used for calibration of NIR was feed broiler starter (BR1) and finisher (BR2) of some feed mills products at least 60 samples and to comparative test as much as 63 samples. The parameters was the Q value, the correlation coefficient (r), Standard Error of Estimation (SEE), Standard Error of Prediction (SEP), consistency, bias and NIR methods (PCR/PLS). Whereas, comparative test conducted to validate the method NIR with chemical methods by measure t-test and coefficient of variance (CV).
Keyword: 

Judul: Pembangunan Perumahan Pada Wilayah Desakota Kaitannya Dengan Sistem Sosial Masyaraka t Asli
Abstrak: Faktor utama yang banyak mempengaruhi meningkatnya jumlah perumahan dan pemukiman pacta wilayah desakota adalah adanya tekanan populasi sebagai akibat dari migrasi besar-besaran menuju daerah desakota. Dengan kata lain, lokasi perumahan atau pemukiman menjadi tak memiliki banyak pilihan lagi, kota telah sesak dan sasaran selanjutnya para pengais materi di daerab kota adalab wilayah desakota. Masyarakat asli yang sejak lama tinggal di wilayah desakota merupakan bagian dari masyarakat desakota yang perlu diperhatikan. Baik disadari maupun tidak disadari, perubaban pada masyarakat asli desakota akan terjadi karena masyarakat selalu dalam keadaan dinamis. Selain itu perubahanjuga akan terjadi dikarenakan masyarakat adalah sistem yang terdiri dari bagian-bagian yang berhubungan serta berintegrasi secara fungsional, sehingga perubaban pada satu fungsi dari masyarakat akan mempengaruhi fungsi lainnya.
Keyword: