Judul: COMPARISON OF COSTS AND REVENUES OF RICE FARMING OF INPARI 32 AND CIHERANG VARIETIES IN KARAWANG DISTRICT
Abstrak: Peningkatan produksi padi dapat dilakukan dengan adanya peningkatan luas lahan atau produktivitas dengan mengembangkan teknologi benih varietas unggul, salah satunya varietas Inpari 32. Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis total biaya dan pendapatan usahatani padi varietas Inpari 32 dibandingkan dengan varietas Ciherang. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 40 petani padi varietas Inpari 32 dan 10 petani padi varietas Ciherang (sebagai pembanding). Penentuan sampel menggunakan metode Stratified Random Sampling. Analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis struktur biaya, penerimaan, pendapatan dan efisiensi usahatani. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa total biaya usahatani padi dalam dua kali musim tanam (Gadu dan Rendeng) untuk varietas Inpari 32 lebih rendah dibandingkan padi varietas Ciherang. Sedangkan dari sisi pendapatan atas biaya total yang diperoleh petani varietas Inpari 32 lebih tinggi dari pada petani padi varietas Ciherang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa adanya inovasi benih dalam hal ini penggunaan benih padi varietas Inpari 32 cukup memberikan insentif ekonomi bagi petani. Hal ini didukung oleh fakta jumlah petani yang mengadopsi varietas tersebut lebih banyak di lokasi penelitian., Increasing rice production can be done by increasing land area or productivity by developing superior variety seed technology, one of which is the Inpari 32 variety. The purpose of this study was to analyze the total costs and income of rice farming with the Inpari 32 variety compared to the Ciherang variety. The rice farming sample consisted of 40 farmers of the Inpari 32 variety and 10 farmers of the Ciherang variety (as a comparison). Sample was determined using the Stratified Random Sampling method. The data analysis used is cost structure analysis, revenue, income, and farming efficiency analysis. Based on the research results, it was found that the total cost of rice farming in two growing seasons (Gadu and Rendeng) for the Inpari 32 variety was lower than for the Ciherang variety. Meanwhile, in terms of income on total costs, the farmers of the Inpari 32 variety were higher than the farmers of the Ciherang variety. This shows that the innovation of seeds, in this case the use of rice seeds of the Inpari 32 variety, is sufficient to provide economic incentives for farmers. This is supported by the fact that the number of farmers adopting these varieties is greater in the study locations.
Keyword: income, inpari 32 rice variety, total cost

Judul: Growth and Production of Inpari 32 and Inpari 33 Rice Varieties with IPB 3S Variety Inserts In Multicanopy Cultivation System
Abstrak: Multikanopi padi merupakan teknik penanaman pada petak tanam yang sama menggunakan varietas dengan tinggi tanaman berbeda yaitu varietas pendek dan tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji pertumbuhan dan produksi padi varietas Inpari 32 dan Inpari 33 dengan sisipan varietas IPB 3S pada sistem budidaya multikanopi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun percobaan BBPadi Sukamandi, Kecamatan Ciasem, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat. Rancangan penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak (RKLT) faktorial dengan dua faktor yaitu varietas dan sistem budidaya. Faktor varietas meliputi Inpari 32 dan Inpari 33 dan faktor sistem budidaya meliputi multikanopi sisip 1, multikanopi sisip 2, dan monovarietas dengan 6 kali ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi pada peubah pengamatan jumlah anakan umur 6 Minggu Setelah Tanam (MST). Perlakuan varietas berpengaruh terhadap jumlah anakan, panjang malai, jumlah gabah per malai, dan bobot 1000 butir. Sedangkan perlakuan sistem budidaya berpengaruh terhadap jumlah anakan, fotosintesis, dan bobot kering malai. Hasil produksi tertinggi varietas Inpari 32 diperoleh menggunakan budidaya monovarietas (4,26 ton ha-1), sedangkan potensi hasil tertinggi pada varietas inpari 33 dengan budidaya multikanopi sisip 2 (9,55 ton ha-1)., Rice multicanopy is a planting technique on the same planting plot using different plant height varieties, namely short and tall varieties. This study aims to examine the growth and production of rice varieties Inpari 32 and Inpari 33 with the insertion by the IPB 3S variety in the multicanopy cultivation system. The research was carried out at the ICRR (Indonesian Center for Rice Research) Sukamandi, Ciasem District, Subang Regency, West Java. The design of this study used a facktorial complete randomized block design with two factors, namely varieties and cultivation systems. Variety factors include Inpari 32 and Inpari 33 and cultivation system factors include multicanopy insert 1, multicanopy insert 2, and monoculture with 6 replications. The results showed that there was an interaction in the observation of number of tiller at 6 weeks after planting (WAP). Varietal treatment affects the number of tiller, the length of the panicles, the amount of grain per panicle, and the weight of 1000 grains. Meanwhile, the treatment of the cultivation system affected the number of tiller, photosynthesis, and the dry weight of panicles. The highest yields of Inpari 32 varieties were obtained using monovariety cultivation (4.26 tons ha-1), while the highest yield potential in the Inpari 33 variety with multicanopy cultivation of insertion 2 (9.55 tons ha-1).
Keyword: Monovariety, Multicanopy, Varieties

Judul: Peluang Partikel Plasma Berada Pada Dimensi Debye Akibat Gangguan Gelombang Elektromagnetik dengan Menggunakan Persamaan Schrödinger
Abstrak: The solution of Schrodinger equations with plasma Coulomb potential in spherical coordinat results solution wave function and energy plasma particle. Electron probability density at Debye length with thermal effect same as ion, which indicates plasma in neutral state. Electromagnetic waves perturbation of an electric field given to result wave function perturbation system. The probability density of plasma particle due to electromagnetic waves perturbation is the largest when an electromagnetic waves frequency 1.41 times the plasma frequency .
Keyword: Schrödinger, plasma, electromagnetic wave