Judul: Household Resilience for Food Security during The Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pandemi Covid-19 berdampak pada sektor pangan rumah tangga komunitas adat, terutama dalam hal akses pangan dan ketersediaan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengidentifikasi bagaimana resiliensi dalam ketahanan pangan pada komunitas adat pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode survei melalui kuesioner dan didukung penjelasan kualitatif melalui wawancara mendalam dan observasi lapang. Teknik pemilihan responden dilakukan secara cluster random sampling kepada 60 rumah tangga pada komunitas adat di Kampung Adat Cireundeu dan informan ditentukan dengan menggunakan teknik purposive. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa rumah tangga pada komunitas adat tergolong resilien dalam hal pangan. Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi resiliensi dalam ketahanan pangan rumah tangga adalah ada dan besarnya cadangan pangan yang disimpan oleh masing-masing rumah tangga. Cadangan pangan tersebut diperoleh dari hasil panen pada lahan pertanian yang terdapat di wilayah kampung adat dan diproduksi oleh masing-masing rumah tangga., The Covid-19 pandemic has had an impact on the food sector of indigenous peoples' households, especially in terms of food access and food availability. The purpose of this study is to identify resilience in food security in indigenous communities during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research used a survey method through a questionnaire and was supported by qualitative explanations through in- depth interviews and field observations. The respondent selection technique was carried out by cluster random sampling to 60 households in indigenous communities in the Cireundeu Traditional Village and informants were determined using purposive techniques. The results of this study show that households in indigenous communities are classified as resilient in terms of food. The factors that affect resilience in household food security are the presence and magnitude of food reserves stored by each household. These food reserves are obtained from crops on agricultural land found in traditional village areas and produced by each household.
Keyword: covid-19 pandemic, food security, indigenous communities

Judul: Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 Terhadap Ketahanan Pangan Indonesia: Sebuah Penelitian Eksploratif
Abstrak: Awal tahun 2020, seluruh dunia dihadapkan dengan kondisi darurat yaitu pandemi Covid-19. Indonesia merupakan salah satu dari 215 negara yang terkena pandemi Covid-19. Pangan merupakan kebutuhan dasar manusia untuk mempertahakan hidup. Oleh karena itu, kondisi ketahanan pangan di masa pandemi Covid-19 menjadi hal yang serius untuk diperhatikan sebab menyangkut dengan pemenuhan kebutuhan masyarakat. Penelitian ini ditujukan untuk mengkaji secara mendalam bagaimana dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap ketahanan pangan Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksploratif berbasis studi literatur dengan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif dan analisis SWOT. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, kondisi ketahanan pangan Indonesia sebelum pandemi Covid-19 sudah bermasalah dalam keterjangkauan pangan, ketersediaan pangan, dan harga pangan. Dampak pandemi-19 sangat berpengaruh terhadap indikator ketahanan pangan berupa ketersediaan pangan, keterjangkuan pangan, dan stabilitas harga pangan. Penelitian ini menemukan tiga hipotesis mengenai dampak pandemi Covid-19 terhadap indikator ketahanan pangan. Berdasarkan analisis SWOT, terdapat 8 strategi untuk mempertahankan ketahanan pangan Indonesia pasca Covid-19, Early in 2020, the whole world was faced with an emergency, namely the Covid-19 pandemic. Indonesia is one of 215 countries affected by the Covid-19 pandemic. Food is a basic human need to sustain life. Therefore, the condition of food security during the Covid-19 pandemic is a serious matter to pay attention to because it involves meeting people's needs. This research is intended to examine in depth how the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on Indonesia's food security. This research is an exploratory research based on literature study using qualitative descriptive analysis method and SWOT analysis. Based on the research results, the condition of Indonesia's food security before the Covid-19 pandemic was already problematic in terms of food affordability, food availability and food prices. The impact of pandemic-19 greatly affects food security indicators in the form of food availability, food affordability and food price stability. This study found three hypotheses regarding the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on indicators of food security. Based on the SWOT analysis, there are 8 strategies to maintain Indonesia's food security after Covid-19.
Keyword: Indonesia, Ketahanan Pangan, Pandemi Covid-19, Penelitian Eksploratif

Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm