Judul: The hypoglycemic activity 0f protein hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate of sea cucumber (Holothuria scabra J.) in rats
Abstrak: Sea cucumber (Holothuriascabra J.) contains high protein. The protein consists of several specific amino acids that can lower blood glucose, making it beneficial for patients with diabetes melitus (DM). The research aims to study the influence of free amino acids content in protein hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate of sea cucumber on the reduction of blood glucose in rats. The study consisted of five stages: (1) preparation and proximate analysis of sea cucumber meat, (2) analysis of total and free amino acids hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate, (3) determination of the hypoglycemic effect in rats, (4) bioassay (in vivo), and (5) testing of histopathology (hematoxylin-eosin and imunohistochemical). The results showed that protein content of sea cucumbers of meat and powder were 72.93%db and 72.07%db, respectively. Hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate showed relativelely similar content of total amino acid at level, 48.6%, 47.77%, and 48.61% respectively. However, the free amino acid content of hydrolysate was higher (2.88 %) than those of free amino acid content of concentrate (0.25%) and isolate (0.22%). The treatment of 300 mg/kg (dw) of hydrolysate, concentrate, and isolate showed the best hypoglicemic effect in rats. In vivo test showed that treatment of DM+hydrolysate, DM+concentrate, and DM+isolate lower blood glucose levels and promote weight loss. These result were better than treatment of positive control (DM). Decreasing of blood glucose levels was noticed at about 53.9%, 6.6%, and 27.6% respectively, whereas weight gain was noticed at about 22.6%, 12.9%, and 17.3% respectively. The result intracellular antioxidant enzyme activity showed that hydrolisate, concentrate, and isolate was quite capable of maintaining the activity of the enzyme superoxide dismutase (SOD) and was unable to maintain the activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase. Histopathologic test with hematoxylin-eosin staining showed that the number of islets per field of view in group DM+hydrolysate treated rats was greater than those found in the DM+concentrate and DM+isolate groups. The number of islet were 2.47±0.92, 1.80±0.78, and 2.00±0.93 respectively. The number of islets of Langerhans found in positive and negative control rats were 1.80±0.78 and 3.07±0.80 respectively. Imunohistochemical test showed that the number of beta cells in the DM+hydrolysate group was higher than those of the DM+concentrate and DM+isolate groups, namely 40.10±6:35, 37.42±27.61, and 28.40±10.75. The number of beta cells in negative and positive control groups were 84.30±20.02 and 12.50 ±3.21 respectively.
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Judul: Hypocholesterolemic and Hypoglycemic Capacity of Hyacinth Bean (Lablab purpureus (L.) Sweet) on the Nonnal and Diabetes Mellitus
Abstrak: Pada penelitian ini digunakan isolat protein kacang komak, untuk diuji sifat hipokolesterolemik dan hipoglikemik pada tikus mosel normal dan tikus model diabetes melitus (OM) yang diberi ransum kolesterol. Secara khusus penelitian ini ingin membuktikan hipotesis bahwa isolat protein kacang komak dapat menurunkan : (i) kadar kolesterol serum darah tikus model, (ii) kadar glukosa darah tikus diabetes melitus, (iii) kadar malonaldehida (MDA) serum darah dan hati tikus model, (iv) tingkat kerusakan sel-P pankreas pada tikus OM. Pada penelitian in vivo tikus hipokolesterolemik digunakan tikus Sprague Dawley jantan berumur 2 bulan sebanyak 15 ekor dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok. Kelompok I diberi ransum kasein (kontrol negatif), kelompok II diberi ransum kasein yang ditambah kolesterol mumi 1 % dan propiltiourasil 0, 1 % (kontrol positif), kelompok III diberi ransum isolat protein kacang komak yang diberi tambahan kolesterol mumi 1 % dan propiltiourasil 0, 1 %. Lama perlakuan 74 hari. Setiap 2 hari sekali berat badan tikus ditimbang. Pada penelitian in vivo pada tikus OM digunakan tikus tipe yang sama sebanyak 20 ekor dibagi secara acak menjadi 4 kelompok. Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus dibuat menjadi diabetes dengan induksi aloksan dosis 110 mg/kg BB. Kelompok I tikus normal dengan ransum kasein, kelompok II tikus diabetes dengan ransum kasein, kelompok III tikus diabetes dengan ransum kasein ditambah kolesterol mumi 0,5% dan kelompok IV tikus diabetes dengan ransum protein komak ditambah kolesterol mumi 0,5%. Pada penelitian in vivo tikus normal, kadar kolesterol total dari tikus percobaan berturut-turut 74,8 (kontrol negatif), 204 (kontrol positif) dan 112,9 mg/di (protein komak). Pemberian kolesterol 1 % dapat meningkatkan kadar kolesterol total tikus secara nyata dari 74,8 menjadi 204 mg/di. Selain itu pemberian ransum isolat protein kacang komak menunjukkan sifat hipokolesterolemik secara nyata, dimana kadar kolesterol total serum kelompok tikus dengan perlakuan protein komak (112,9 mg/di), jauh dibawah kelompok tikus kontrol positif (204 mg/di). Kadar trigliserida serum tikus menunjukkan bahwa kelompok kontrol negatif secara nyata mempunyai kadar trigliserida yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelompok kontrol positif dan protein komak. Sedangkan kadar trigliserida kelompok protein komak tidak berbeda nyata dengan kelompok kontrol positif. Kadar LDL-kolesterol serum tertinggi terdapat pada kelompok kontrol positif yaitu 153 mg/di, diikuti kelompok protein komak 49,7 mg/di dan kelompok kontrol negatif 20,6 mg/di. Kadar HDL serum tikus percobaan menunjukkan bahwa kadar HDL tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan., In this study, hyacinth bean protein isolate (HPI) was tested for its hypocholesterolemic activity in normal and OM rat models. The study particularly aims to test the hypothesis that HP! has bioactivity to decrease: (1) blood serum cholesterol level of normal rats and OM rats, (2) blood glucose level of DM rats (3) the levels of blood and liver malonaldehyde (MDA) in normal rats and OM rats (4) the P-cell damage in OM rats. The results of in-vivo experiment using normal rats during 74 days showed that HPI was able to reduce significantly total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol level in experimental rats, and reduce serum MDA level. In the experiment with OM rats during 42 days, showed that HPI was able to decrease blood glucose level, reduce total cholesterol level, reduce serum LDL cholesterol level, and reduce
Keyword: Hyacinth bean, hypocholesterolemic, hypoglycemic, Hyacinth bean protein isolate

Judul: Pola Pernikahan Masyarakat Batak Karo di Perantauan
Abstrak: Pernikahan adalah budaya yang tidak akan pernah berhenti, pernikahan akan terjadi secara berkelanjutan Dasarnya, karena pernikahan merupakan kebutuhan biologis manusia. Indonesia adalah negara yang kaya akan budaya dan etnis. Setiap suku di Indonesia mempunyai tata cara/adat istiadat dalam pelaksanaan pernikahan itu sendiri. Begitupun dengan suku Batak karo yang mempunyai sendiri tata cara pelaksanaan pernikahan. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman Karo Banyak masyarakat yang merantau ke berbagai daerah di Indonesia, salah satunya Bogor berjalan-jalan. Masyarakat Karo yang merantau ke wilayah Bogor pada umumnya akan berusaha melakukan adaptasi ke negara tempat tinggal baru. Keadaan ini juga terjadi pada perkawinan Karo dalam pola adaptasi di Bogor. Namun adaptasi pernikahan masyarakat Karo di Bogor berupaya menjaga nilai-nilai budaya Karo dan sakralisme perkawinan. Mereka do Karo Dimodifikasi pada pola perkawinan, dengan tetap menjaga nilai budaya pernikahan.
Keyword: Weddings Karo, Adaptation marriage patterns, Attitudes