Judul: Desain Pengering Gabah Berenergi Sekam Menggunakan Batu Basalt Dan Andesit Sebagai Media Penyimpan Panas Sensibel
Abstrak: Penyimpanan Panas Dapat Digunakan Untuk Membuat Penggunaan Tungku Pada Alat Pengeringan Menjadi Lebih Praktis. Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk Membuat Model Pengering Gabah Dengan Menggunakan Sistem Penyimpanan Panas Sensibel. Material Penyimpanan Panas Yang Digunakan Adalah Batu Andesit Dan Batu Basalt. Rata-Rata Diameter Terbesar Dan Diameter Terkecil Batu Andesit Adalah 3.2 Cm Dan 1.74 Cm, Sedangkan Rata-Rata Diameter Terbesar Dan Diameter Terkecil Batu Basalt Adalah 5.74 Cm Dan 2.78 Cm. Penyimpan Panas Dilakukan Dengan Cara Mengalirkan Udara Panas Dari Hasil Pembakaran Sekam Ke Tumpukan Batu. Batu Yang Telah Menyimpan Energi Panas Kemudian Dialirkan Udara Untuk Digunakan Dalam Proses Pengeringan Gabah Hingga Suhu Akhir Media 40oc. Udara Luar Digunakan Untuk Menurunkan Suhu Udara Pengeringan. Hasil Pengujian Didapatkan Durasi Pengisian Untuk Batu Andesit Sebesar 50 Menit Dari 29oc Sampai 135oc Sehingga Durasi Pengeringan 200 Menit. Pada Batu Basalt Durasi Pengisian Adalah 60 Menit Dari 29oc Sampai 117oc Sehingga Durasi Pengeringan 267 Menit. Efisiensi Pindah Panas Charging Dan Discharging Adalah 36.1% Dan 45.5% Pada Batu Basalt Sementara Untuk Batu Andesit Sebesar 68.6% Dan 29.1%.
Keyword: Penyimpanan Panas Sensibel, Batu Basalt

Judul: Study of Paddy Dryer Using Basalt Rock As Heat Storage Media From Biomass Combustion
Abstrak: Salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan pengeringan dengan pembakaran tungku biomassa padat adalah dengan menyimpan panas yang sudah dihasilkan dari pembakaran tersebut kedalam batu basalt. Penelitian penyimpanan panas pada batu basalt ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik penyimpanan termal batu basalt yang menggunakan pembakaran biomassa pada berbagai konfigurasi aliran udara, laju pembakaran dan jarak alas tungku serta mengevaluasi kinerja sistem penyimpanan panas pada tungku biomassa untuk pengeringan gabah. Penelitian penyimpanan panas dilakukan dengan dua tahap yaitu charging dan discharging. Pada percobaan jarak alas tungku pembakaran dengan batu basalt 23 cm, untuk suhu outlet 40˚C diperoleh waktu discharging rata – rata sebesar 664 menit dan eifisiensi discharging sebesar 73,5%. Kemudian, untuk outlet suhu 45˚C, diperoleh waktu discharging rata – rata sebesar 452 menit dengan efisiensi discharging rata – rata sebesar 65,75%. Selanjutnya, sistem penyimpanan panas diaplikasikan untuk pengeringan gabah. Pada pengeringan 1, dengan suhu inlet rata – rata 46,13˚C dan kadar air awal gabah 22,82 %bb, dibutuhkan waktu pengeringan 360 menit untuk mencapai kadar air akhir 13,88 %bb dan konsumsi energi spesifik yang diperoleh sebesar 5,45 MJ/kg air yang diuapkan. Pada pengeringan 2, dengan suhu inlet rata – rata 41,41˚C dan kadar air awal 22,73 %bb, dibutuhkan waktu pengeringan 420 menit untuk mencapai kadar air akhir 13,40 %bb dan konsumsi energi spesifik yang diperoleh sebesar 5,31 MJ/kg air yang diuapkan. Kata kunci: Charging, discharging, batu basalt gabah, penyimpanan panas, One of the efforts to improve drying with biomass furnace combustion is to store the heat that has been generated from the combustion into basalt rock. The aims of this research are to studied the characteristics of the basalt rock heat storage system using coconut shells, as solid biofuel, in various configuration of air flow, combustion rate, furnace base distance and evaluate the performance of the application of heat storage system in biomass furnaces for paddy drying. There were two stages of experiments that conducted in this study, namely charging and discharging. In the experiment of the distance between the furnace base with basalt rock of 23 cm, for the outlet temperature of 40˚C, the average discharging time is 664 minutes and the discharging efficiency is 73.5%. Then, for the outlet temperature of 45˚C, the average discharging time is 452 minutes and the average discharging efficiency is 65.75%. Next, a heat storage system was applied for paddy drying. In drying 1, with an average inlet temperature of 46.13 ˚C and the initial moisture content of paddy was 22.82% wb, it takes 360 minutes of drying time to reached the final moisture content of 13.88% wb and specific energy consumption of 5.45 MJ/kg of evaporated water. In drying 2, with an average inlet temperature of 41.41˚C and the initial moisture content of paddy was 22.73% wb it takes 420 minutes of drying time to reached the final moisture content of 13.40% wb and a specific energy consumption of 5.31 MJ/kg of evaporated water. Keywords: Charging, discharging, basalt rock, heat storage, paddy
Keyword: basalt stone, charging, discharging, heat storage, paddy

Judul: Quantitative Trait Loci Mapping for Trait in Categorical Scale
Abstrak: Genes or regions on chromosome underlying a quantitative trait are called Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL). Characterizing genes controlling quantitative trait on their position in chromosome and their effect on trait is through a process called QTL mapping. In estimating the QTL position and its effect, QTL mapping basically utilize the association between QTL and DNA markers. However, many important traits are obtained in categorical scale, such as resistance from certain disease. From a theoretical point of view, QTL mapping method assuming continuous trait could not be applied to categorical trait. This research was focusing on the assessment of the performance of Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Regression (REG) approach employed in QTL mapping as well as the performance of Lander and Botstein (LB) and Piepho method in determining critical value in testing the existence of QTL for binary and ordinal trait by means of simulation study. The simulation study to evaluate the performance of ML and REG approach was conducted by taking into account several factors that may affecting the performance of both approaches. The factors are: (1) marker density; (2) QTL effect; (3) sample size; (4) shape of phenotypic distribution; (5) number of categories; and (6) number of QTL. Moreover, the simulation study for evaluating LB and Piepho method in determining critical value was conducted by generating distribution of the test statistic under null hypothesis. From simulation study, it was obtained that LB and Piepho method showing similar performance in determining critical value in testing the existence of QTL for binary and ordinal trait. The simulation study also indicating that both methods could be used in determining critical value in QTL mapping analysis for binary trait as well as for ordinal trait if the REG approach is used but not if ML approach is used due to their poor performance. In assessing the performance of ML and REG approach in QTL mapping analysis for binary trait, the two approaches showing comparable performance; whereas for ordinal trait REG approach showing poor performance compared with ML approach in estimating thresholds. As a result, in QTL mapping analysis, ML and REG approach could be used when dealing with binary trait, whereas ML approach is suggested when dealing with ordinal trait.
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