Judul: Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kesempatan kerja pada penduduk di desa dalam perkebunan kelapa sawit (kasus desa Cimulang dan desa Bantar Sari, kecamatan Rancabungur, kabupaten Bogor, provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Oilpalm is one of Indonesia’s agricultural commodities with rapid growth in the last two decades – annually size of plantation increased by 11% whereas production by 9.4%. One of the objective of oilpalm development is to generate employment opportunity – which is expected to be captured by community surrounding oilpalm plantation. This research is to describe and analyze employment opportunity by sectors (foodcrops-fisheries, plantation, secondary/manufacture, and tertiary/trade and services) and the internal and external factors that affect employment opportunity. Cimulang and Bantarsari are two villages in West Java with 75% of its area inside a state-owned plantation, which undergone conversion from rubber to oilpalm in the year 2000. The research is done on 4 hamlets of these villages differentiated by geographical location and transportation access into two (2) Kampung Dalam which are inside plantation-area and limited transportation access and two (2) Kampung Luar which most area are outside plantation and easy transportation access. The research indicated that all of the internal factors (gender, age, education, social status), affect employment opportunities. In general more men works in different sectors than women, and more workers (of young age group, higher education, and high social status) work in tertiary sector. Only a small percentage work in oilpalm plantation, and only those from Kampung Dalam, male, of medium age-group, with some education (Elementary, Junior High), and of poor social status. Of the external factors (access to information of job, access of transportation), access to information affect employment opportunities in secondary and tertiary sectors. As the difference of employment opportunity seems to be more based on location (Kampung Dalam or Kampung Luar), which is indicated by access to transportation, access of transportation is seen as mediating factor that affect both internal and external factors.
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Judul: Beberapa Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Peluang Kerja di Desa. Kasus di Desa Wargabinangun, Kecamatan Gegesik, Kabupaten Cirebon
Abstrak: Kebutuhan kesempatan kerja yang terus meningkat dengan meningkatnya jumlah penduduk merupakan masalah yang harus diatasi di Indonesia.Sebelum usaha peningkatan kesempatan kerja dilakukan, terlebih dahulu diperlukan identifikasi faktor-faktor yang membesar dan memperkecil peluang kerja. Dengan mengambil kasus di Desa Wargabinangun penelitian dengan tujuan mengidentifikasi faktor yang mempengaruhi peluang kerja di desa dilakukan pada tahun 1980.Hampir seluruh persawahan di Indonesia bila memungkinkan di coba dilaksanakan pada tanam padi dua kali setahun menggantikan pola tanam satu kali setahun untuk meningkatkan produksi padi. Perubahan pola tanam padi tersebut terutama di pedesaan dengan mayoritas tanaman padi menyebabkan perubahan pola kesempatan kerja. Dalam keadaan demikian tidak semua orang mampu memanfaatkan kesempatan kerja yang ada.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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