Judul: Pemanfaatan Tepung Ampas Tahu dalam Pembuatan Minuman Fermentasi Probiotik dengan Staarter Lactobacillus Casei
Abstrak: Secara umum tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pembuatan minuman fermentasi pr6biotik dengan menggunakan starter Lactobacillus casei dan penambahan tepuftg ampas tahu. Tujuan khusus penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat penambahan susu skim dan gula yang terbaik dalam pengaruhnya terhadap karak1eristik fisik minuman fermentasi probiotik, serta mengetahui pengaruh penambahan tepurig'ampas tahu dan penggunaan CMC terhadap karak1eristik fisikokirnia, mikrobiologi, dan organoleptik.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan potensi tepung ampas tahu sebagai bahan pembauatan minuman probioitik okara probiotic drink
Abstrak: Probiotik merupakan bahan pangan fungsional yang telah menjadi fokus yang sangat diminati oleh masyarakat umum, industri pangan, dan para ilmuwan. Hal ini dikarenakan probiotik sangatlah potensial untuk meningkatkan fungsi fisiologis usus dengan memodifikasi mikroflora saluran pencernaan. Probiotik berperan dalam menyediakan mikroba yang merupakan mikroflora normal usus dalam jumlah besar. Produk probiotik saat ini umumnya menggunakan susu sebagai bahan dasarnya, sedangkan penggunaan bahan non susu belum banyak dikembangkan. Ampas tahu yang selama ini dianggap sebagai limbah dengan nilai ekonomis yang rendah, ternyata sangatlah potensial untuk dijadikan minuman probiotik. Hal ini disebabkan oleh tingginya kadar serat (oligosakarida) yang terkandung dalam tepung ampas tahu. Oligosakarida dapat berperan sebagai prebiotik yaitu nutrisi probiotik yang dapat meningkatkan populasi bakteri baik dan menurunkan bakteri patogen yang terdapat dalam usus manusia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan minuman probiotik dengan memanfaatkan kultur bakteri asam laktat (BAL) probiotik, dengan menggunakan bahan dasar ampas tahu yang ketersediaannya cukup banyak. Tahap penelitian ini terdiri dari penelitian pendahuluan dan penelitian lanjutan. Penelitian pendahuluan meliputi (1) Pembuatan tepung ampas tahu, (2) Analisis proksimat tepung ampas tahu, (3) Seleksi BAL probiotik, dan (4) Modifikasi konsentrasi susu skim. Penelitian lanjutan meliputi (1) Formulasi kultur minuman probiotik, (2) Analisis komposisi gizi minuman probiotik, dan (3) Evaluasi mutu minuman probiotik selama penyimpanan dingin. Hasil analisis proksimat menunjukkan bahwa nilai kadar air tepung ampas tahu adalah 7.99%, kadar abu 2.86%, kadar lemak 8.84%, kadar protein 16.45%, kadar serat kasar 43.75%, kadar serat pangan larut 16.56%, kadar serat pangan tidak larut 36.67%, dan kadar total serat pangan 53.23%. Kultur BAL probiotik yang digunakan adalah Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei subsp rhamnosus, dan Bifidobacterium bifidum. Ketiga kultur ini dapat tumbuh dengan baik pada media tepung ampas tahu (5%) yang ditambahkan 10% susu skim dan 3% glukosa, diinkubasi pada suhu 37 °C selama 96 jam Berdasarkan viabilitas tertinggi, Lactobacillus casei subsp rhamnosus dipilih untuk digunakan lebih lanjut dalam pengembangan minuman probiotik. Viabilitas kultur ini adalah sebesar 2.8 x 10 CFU/ml (8.45 log CFU/ml). ...
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite