Judul: Tingkat kesesuaian dan freferensi habitat Leptophryne cruentata, Tschudi 1838 di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango
Abstrak: Fire Toad (Leptophryne cruentata, Tschudi 1838) is an endemic toad found only in the western of Java especially in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park. According to the 2009 IUCN Red List of Threatened animal, this species is catogorized as critically endangered species. At present there are not complete data to desribe the habitat of this species. Base on the observation showed that the species founded in Rawa Denok, Rawa Gayonggong and Curug Cibereum. The objectives of this research were to identify the habitat preference habitat and to estimate the extent of suitability habitat of Fire Toad in GPNP. This study was carried out in GPNP on April 2008. Based on analisis factor, the dominant habitat factors prefered fire toad are distance from water, distance from human line dan the elevation. Using Kruskall Waliss analysis, the result distance from human line very significant (p< 0,05). Digital environmental layers such as elevation, slope aspect, temperature, and vegetation type may be incorporated into predicted habitat suitability. Principal Componen Analysis method was used to analyse suitability habitat map using ERDAS Imaginer Ver 9.1 and ArcView Ver 3.3. Based on the scoring and spatial analysis, the estimation of habitat with low habitat suitability is about 16.077,847 ha, habitat with midlle suitability is about 7.686,023 ha and habitat with high suitability is about 653,847 ha.
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Judul: Abundance of Bleeding Frog (Leptophryne cruentata) at Cibodas, Tegallega, and Cisarua Resorts, Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
Abstrak: Kodok merah (L. cruentata) merupakan salah satu jenis katak yang dianggap populasinya terus menurun selama 40 tahun terakhir. Monitoring kelimpahan dan kualitas habitat spesies ini harus terus dilakukan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini menduga kelimpahan dan mengidentifikasi mikrohabitat kodok merah serta katak jenis lainnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di 6 lokasi di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango pada Resort Cibodas, Tegallega, dan Cisarua dengan menggunakan metode perjumpaan langsung yang dikombinasikan dengan transek sampling. Kelimpahan paling tinggi kodok merah dijumpai di Curug Pariuk dengan kelimpahan per 100 m sebanyak 22,7 ± 23,6 ind/100 m. Kodok merah dapat hidup di sungai beraliran lambat dan deras. Salah satunya yaitu Curug Pariuk yang memiliki karakteristik curug berarus deras (50-100 cm/dtk), tutupan kanopi rapat (61-80%) sampai sangat rapat (81-100%), serta minim aktivitas manusia. Selain itu, kodok merah juga ditemukan di aliran sungai lambat seperti di Curug Ceret, Curug Cibeureum, Rawa Gayonggong, dan Sungai Jajaway. Selama penelitian berlangsung ditemukan 9 jenis katak yang menempati habitat yang sama dengan kodok merah., The population of bleeding toad (L. cruentata) is considered to continuously decline over the last 40 years. Therefor, monitoring the abundance and quality of the habitat of this species should be done regularly. The purpose of this study was to estimate abundance and identify the microhabitat of bleeding toads and other frogs. This research was conducted in 6 locations in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park at Resorts Cibodas, Tegallega, and Cisarua using the visual encounter survey method combined with transect sampling. The highest abundance of bleeding toad (L. cruentata) was found in Pariuk waterfall with an abundance per 100 m of 22,7 ± 23,6 ind. Bleeding toads can live in slow and fast flowing rivers. One of them is Pariuk waterfall which has the characteristics of a waterfall with a fast current (50-100 cm/sec), dense canopy cover (61-80%) to very dense (81-100%), and minimal human activity. In addition, bleeding frogs are also found in slow river flows such as Ceret Waterfall, Cibeureum Waterfall, Rawa Gayonggong, and the Jajaway River. During the research, 9 species of frogs were found that occupy the same habitat as the bleeding toad.
Keyword: Kelimpahan, Kodok merah, mikrohabitat, Penurunan populasi

Judul: Telaah Mekanisme Oksidasi Langsung Asetal Menjadi Ester dalam Sintesis Total Masoilakton secara In Silico
Abstrak: Reaksi oksidasi langsung asetal menjadi ester di sini adalah reaksi pengubahan senyawa asetal menjadi ester secara langsung dengan pereaksi H2O2/HCl dalam metanol. Reaksi ini dapat digunakan dalam sintesis total masoilakton dan belum pernah ditelaah secara in silico. Berdasarkan perhitungan PM3, reaksi oksidasi langsung tersebut dimulai oleh transfer hidrida dari atom karbon asetal ke atom klorin HOCl pada keadaan multiplisitas triplet, disusul dengan adisi H2O pada karbokation asetal, dan pelepasan salah satu gugus metoksi asetal membentuk ester terprotonasi. Transfer proton termediasi metanol menjadi bagian penting dari reaksi ini. Transfer hidrida yang terjadi di awal mekanisme reaksi terjadi secara nonadiabatik sehingga tidak membutuhkan induksi cahaya.
Keyword: HOCl, masoilakton, oksidasi, transfer hidrida, transfer nonadibatik