Judul: Development of Antioxidant Film from Basil Seed (Ocimum citriodourum) Mucilage Incorporated with Thyme Essential Oil.
Abstrak: The objectives of this research was to evaluate the effects of thyme essential oil addition on physical properties and antioxidant activity of lemon basil seed mucilage film. Lemon basil is a common name for the culinary herb (Ocimum citriodourum). This research project investigated the properties of an edible film based on lemon basil seed mucilage (LBSM) incorporated with thyme essential oil (TEO). LBSM (0.4% w/v) films were prepared by adding glycerol as plasticizers at the concentration of 30% w/w based on the weight of LBSM and then incorporated with TEO for antioxidant properties. LBSM films were given different concentrations of TEO (0%, 1%, 2% and 3% v/v) (0% as the control). The result showed that films with 3 % TEO had the highest water vapor permeability (WVP) (3.27±0.38 x10-4g mm/m2d kPa), while the control film showed the lowest WVP (1.36±0.28 x10-4g mm/m2d kPa). Water solubility were decreased with the increase in TEO concentration (p<0.05). 1% TEO films showed the highest tensile strength (5.17±0.54MPa) but lower % elongation at break (11.28±1.86%) compared to the other two films (p<0.05) (excluding the control). Scanning electron microscopy showed that the microstructure of the TEO LBSM films had a critical effect on its physical properties, further supporting the tensile strength and WVP results. The 3% TEO film exhibited the highest radical scavenging activity on DPPH (3.3±0.04 % inhibition) (p<0.05) while the others were very low and had slight difference. Increasing the amount of TEO will increase the antioxidant activity, but further increasing the concentration of TEO will also weaken the physical properties of the film.
Keyword: Lemon basil seed mucilage, edible film, antioxidant, thyme essential oil, film properties

Judul: Literature Study of Biodegradable Film Based-on Canna Starch and Beeswax Composites with Tangerine Essential Oil as Antibacterial
Abstrak: Pati banyak digunakan sebagai bahan dasar film biodegradabel. Pati ganyong berpotensi sebagai bahan dasar film karena kandungan amilosa yang tinggi, dan malam lebah berpotensi sebagai bahan penguat film karena kandungan lipid yang menjadikannya bersifat hidrofobik. Namun, film biodegradabel yang dihasilkan dari polimer alam mudah dirusak bakteri, sehingga dibuat inovasi berupa film antibakteri. Minyak asiri jeruk keprok berpotensi sebagai bahan antibakteri karena kandungan limonena yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh informasi mengenai potensi film biodegradabel berbahan dasar pati ganyong dan malam lebah dengan tambahan minyak asiri dari kulit jeruk keprok melalui kajian pustaka secara sistematis. Film berbasis pati mengalami penambahan ketebalan dan kuat tarik, serta penurunan elongasi dan permeabilitas uap air setelah ditambahi lilin lebah. Film berbasis pati menunjukkan sifat inhibisi terhadap berbagai bakteri patogen makanan dengan tambahan minyak asiri Citrus sp. Berdasarkan studi pustaka, umbi ganyong, lilin lebah, dan minyak asiri jeruk keprok berpotensi dijadikan sebagai bahan dasar film biodegradabel., Starch is widely used as a base material for biodegradable films. Canna starch has potential as a film base material due to its high amylose content, and beeswax has potential as a film strengthening agent per its lipid contents, making it hydrophobic. However, bacteria can easily damage the natural polymer-based films, so innovations such as antibacterial films are made. The tangerine essential oil can be an antibacterial agent for its high limonene content. This study aims to obtain information on the potential of biodegradable films based on canna starch and beeswax with added essential oil from the tangerine peel through a systematic literature review. Starch-based films increased in thickness and tensile strength and decreased elongation and water vapor permeability with the addition of beeswax. Furthermore, starch-based films showed inhibitory properties against food pathogenic bacteria with the addition of Citrus sp. essential oils. Therefore, based on the literature, canna tubers, beeswax, and tangerine essential oils can be used as biodegradable film basic materials.
Keyword: antibacterial, beeswax, biodegradable film, canna starch, tangerine essential oils

Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular