Judul: Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Etil Asetat Teraktif Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) Menggunakan Uji Letalitas Larva Udang
Abstrak: Dandang gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) is a medical herb commonly used as a traditional medicine as antimalarial and antidiabetic. This study was started with maceration of the dried leaves of dandang gendis with ethanol,and then partitioned using n-hexane. The ethanol extract free of nonpolar compounds was then partitioned with ethyl acetate. The ethanol crude extract, n-hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fraction were tested by using brine shrimp lethality test to determine the toxicity of each extract. The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest activity with 50% lethal concentration (LC50) of 32 mg/L. Re-extraction of ethanol extract free of nonpolar compounds by using ethyl acetate in 90 minutes by three times extraction with material:solvent ratio of 1:2 resulted LC50 value of 29.02 mg/L. Phytochemical assay results showed that the ethyl acetate extract of dandang gendis leaves contained saponins, alkaloids, steroids, and flavonoids. Re-extraction of ethyl acetate extract contained higher flavonoids than ethyl acetate extract from the first extraction.
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Judul: Isolasi Fraksi Aktif Ekstrak Daun Dandang Gendis (Clinacanthus nutans) Berpotensi sebagai Antibakteri
Abstrak: Ethanol extract of dan dang gendis leaves have been known to be toxic toward Artemia salina brine shrimp. This toxicity property was likely due to the existences of some of its secondary metabolites that have antibacterial properties. Hence, this plant could be used as a substitute of the synthetic drugs usage. The purpose of this study was to find the most active fraction of ethanol extracts of dandang gendis leaves as a potential antibacterial and to determine the group of the active compound. The ethanol extract was fractionated using flash chromatography with silica gel as the stationary phase and ethyl acetate: n-hexane (8:2) as the 1110bile phase resulted in total of four fractions (fraction I to 4). Then the capability of those fractions, to inhibit the growth of two types of bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aZlreliS was tested. Fractions I with concentration of 1000 ppm had the largest inhibitory zone with the area of 4.17 and 7 mm in diameter when it was tested on E. coli and S. aureus respectively. The formation of inhibitory zone showed that fraction I of the ethanol extract of danclang gendis to have a weak antibacterial effect toward E. coli and moderate effect (5-10 Illm) on S. aureus. Based on the phytochemical assay, fraction 1 showed positive result on steroid and flavonoid tests
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Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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