Judul: Competitiveness Analysis and Factors Affecting of Indonesian Ground Pepper Export
Abstrak: Lada bubuk merupakan salah satu produk turunan dari lada yang mengalami proses pengolahan lebih lanjut dengan dihancurkan atau ditumbuk. Ekspor lada bubuk masih kurang diminati oleh negara-negara pengimpor bila dibandingkan dengan lada utuh. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari nilai ekspornya yang hanya mencapai seperempatnya yaitu sebesar 4.645.621.000 US dollar. Sedangkan ekspor lada utuh mencapai 16.264.857.000 US dollar. Lada bubuk Indonesia mulai meningkat volume dan nilai ekspornya pada tahun 2012. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor lada bubuk Indonesia ke enam negara tujuan utama yang meliputi Jepang, Belanda, Australia, USA, Inggris, dan Belgia. Analisis dilakukan dengan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan gravity model. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa lada bubuk Indonesia memiliki keunggulan komparatif di Jepang, Belanda, Inggris dan Belgia. Variabel yang berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspor lada bubuk Indonesia adalah nilai tukar. Sedangkan variabel yang tidak berpengaruh signifikan adalah harga lada bubuk, GDP per kapita negara tujuan, populasi negara tujuan, dan jarak ekonomi., Ground Pepper is one of the derivative products of pepper that undergoes further processing by finishing or grinding. Exports of Indonesian ground pepper are still less attractive to importing countries than whole pepper. This can be seen from the export value which only reached a quarter of US dollar 4,645.621,000. Meanwhile, whole pepper exports reached US dollar 16,264,857,000. Indonesian ground pepper began to increase in volume and value of exports in 2012. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness and factors that influence exports of Indonesian pepper powder to six central destination countries which include Japan, the Netherlands, Australia, the USA, the UK, and Belgium. The analysis was carried out using the Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) method and the gravity model. The results of the analysis show that Indonesian ground pepper has a comparative advantage in Japan, the Netherlands, the UK, and Belgium. The variable that has a significant effect on the export of Indonesian pepper powder is the exchange rate. While the variables that do not have a significant effect are the price of ground pepper, GDP per capita of the destination country, the population of the destination country, and economic distance.
Keyword: daya saing, gravity model, lada bubuk

Judul: Analysis Factors Affecting of the Competitiveness Indonesian Black Pepper in the International Market
Abstrak: Indonesia menjadi salah satu produsen dan pengekspor lada dunia. Hampir sebagian besar lada Indonesia diperuntukan untuk kebutuhan ekspor khususnya lada hitam. Namun, kontribusi lada hitam Indonesia di pasar dunia semakin menurun sehingga Indonesia tidak lagi menjadi eksportir nomor satu di dunia. Kekuatan daya saing terhadap suatu komoditas membuat suatu negara dapat melakukan ekspor komoditas ungggulannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yag memengaruhi daya saing lada hitam Indonesia di pasar internasional. Periode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu dari tahun 2012 hingga 2019 dengan menggunakan metode Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) dan Korelasi Pearson. Dimana untuk menganalisis korelasi antara daya saing yang dihasilkan dari nilai RCA dengan beberapa faktor – faktor yang diduga memengaruhi daya saing lada hitam Indonesia di pasar internasional, yaitu volume ekspor lada hitam Indonesia (X1), harga internasional lada hitam Indonesia (X2), nilai tukar rupiah terhadap dolar (X3), serta inflasi tahunan Indonesia (X4). Hasil perhitungan RCA menujukan bahwa lada hitam Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang kuat di pasar internasional dengan rata-rata nilai RCA sebesar 7,54 serta hasil analisis korelasi Pearson menunjukan bahwa faktor volume ekspor lada hitam Indonesia dan harga internasional lada hitam Indonesia memiliki korelasi signifikan dengan daya saing lada hitam Indonesia di pasar internasional, sedangkan faktor nilai tukar dan inflasi tidak terdapat korelasi yang signifikan dengan daya saing lada hitam Indonesia di pasar Internasional., Indonesia is one of the pepper producer and exporter in the world. Most of Indonesia’s pepper is intended for export, especially black pepper. However, the contribution of Indonesian black pepper to the world market is decreasing so that Indonesia is no longer the number one exporter in the world. The strength of the competitiveness of a commodity allows a country to export its superior commodity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the competitiveness and the factors that influence the competitiveness of Indonesian black pepper in the international market. The periode of analysis used in this study from 2012 to 2019 and using the method of Revealed Comparative Advantage (RCA) and Pearson Correlation. Where to analyze the correlation between competitiveness resulting from the RCA value with several factors that are thought to affect the competitiveness of Indonesian black pepper in the international market, namely the export volume of Indonesian black pepper (X1), international price of Indonesian black pepper (X2), exchange rate rupiah against the dollar (X3), and Indonesia's annual inflation (X4). The results of the RCA calculation show that Indonesian black pepper has strong competitiveness in the international market with an average RCA value of 7.54 and the results of the Pearson Correlation analysis show that the export volume factor of Indonesian black pepper and the international price of Indonesian black pepper have a significant correlation with the competitiveness of Indonesian black pepper. the competitiveness of Indonesian black pepper in the international market, while the exchange rate and inflation factors have no significant correlation with the competitiveness of Indonesian black pepper in the international market.
Keyword: black pepper, competitiveness, export, pearson correlation, RCA

Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology