Judul: Virological and Immunological Studies of Dengue Virus Infection in Pigtail Macaques (Macaca nemestrina).
Abstrak: Dengue virus infections have caused a major public health problem in tropical and sub-tropical countries. The geographical distribution, the frequency of epidemic cycle and the number of cases have been increasing at an alarming rate and highlighted the urgency of DEN vaccine (WHO 2005; Raviprakash et al. 2009). The clinical manifestations of DEN infections range from mild dengue fever (DF) with high fever, headache, rash, and bone and muscle pain up to severe dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS) with evidence of thrombocytopenia, bleeding, plasma leakage and shock. The severe manifestation cause a high mortality rate particularly in children (WHO 2005). Since the 1980s, epidemiological data revealed that 85% of DHF and DSS were heterologous secondary infections and immunopathological response to heterologous secondary infection has been hyphothesized leading to DHF pathogenesis (Halstead 1983). Antibody produced following primay DEN infection confers the protection to homologous infection, however, heterologous secondary infection may still occur. The pre-existing, non-neutralizing antibodies binds DEN viruses and these complexes, then bind the target cells via the FcγRI and FcγII, resulting in increased viral load, shortened incubation period and increased disease severity (Fink et al. 2006). Meanwhile, DEN specific CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocytes are suggested to have a low binding affinity for the current serotype, and consequently, inefficient to clear the infection (Fink et al. 2006). The limitations of DEN study in human have hampered the understanding of these two components of adaptive immunity, antibody and T lymphocyte, in the pathogenesis of DHF.
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Judul: Profil Antibodi IgM dan IgG pada Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) setelah Diinfeksi Virus Dengue Serotipe-3 (DEN-3) melalui Rute Subkutan
Abstrak: This study was to compare the immune response in pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) induced by the dengue virus serotype-3 (DEN-3) via subcutaneous route. There are 3 groups of animal in the study. Group 1 (n=6) were infected by DEN-3 at low dose level of 104 PFU/ml, group 2 (n=6) were infected by DEN-3 at high dose level of 107-108 PFU/ml, and group 3 (n=4) were infected by PBS; all groups were innoculated by subcutaneous route. The blood samples were collected using venesectio method in femoralis vein on day 0 prior the infection followed by day 1 until day 13 post infection. IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by Indirect Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Dengue virus induced humoral immune respons producing antibodies. The antibody profile analyses showed different by individual animals, but similar in general. The IgM titer started to increase on day 4 or day 5 post infection and reached the peak on day 9 post infection and decline afterward; The IgG titer started to increase on day 7 or 8 post infection. In general the increase of IgM titer started earlier than the IgG and the titer of IgM was higher than the IgG.
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Judul: Strategi Pengembangan Usaha Kedai Kopi Maraca Books and Coffee Menuju Penerapan Green Business
Abstrak: Maraca Books and Coffee adalah salah satu bisnis di bidang Food & Beverages (F&B) kategori kedai kopi. Maraca memiliki visi yang belum terealisasikan pada kedai kopinya, yaitu menjalankan bisnis yang selaras dengan kelestarian lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengevaluasi model bisnis Maraca sehingga didapatkan strategi dan pembaharuan Business Model Canvas (BMC) yang mengacu pada prinsip green business. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode BMC dan Matriks SWOT dengan analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasilnya, didapatkan strategi utama untuk menjalankan kedai kopi berorientasi green business yaitu melakukan positioning dengan mengedepankan value green business, bermitra dengan bidang usaha terkait yang bervisi serupa, dan optimalisasi pemasaran digital. Berdasarkan hasil rumusan strategi, pembaharuan BMC yang diterapkan adalah optimalisasi pada enam elemen model bisnis yaitu customer segments, value propositions, customer relationships, key resources, key activities, dan key partnerships.
Keyword: BMC, SWOT, strategi, green business