Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologi Karkas Ayam Broiler pada Berbagai Lama Postmortem
Abstrak: Carcass of broiler chicken is one of the food products that rich of nutrition, so it is easy to spoiled and contaminated by microorganism. Contamination could be happened at farm, in slaughtering process and after slaughtering process. This research is aimed to study about microbiological changes of Total Plate Count (TPC), Coliforms, existence of Salmonella and pH value from carcass of broiler chicken at the various postmortem time (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 hour). The method that used is rinse and swab. The observed parameters include, Total Plate Count, Coliforms, existence of Salmonella and pH value. The experiments design that used is Complete Block Randomized Design with 5 treatments and sampling time as group. TPC, Coliforms and pH value were analyzed by ANOVA (Analysis of Variance), and if there is a significant effect, it further analyzed by polynomial orthogonal. Data about existence of Salmonella was analyzed descriptively. The result showed that postmortem time give a significant effect (P< 0.05) for pH value and Coliforms, (P< 0.01) for TPC from surface of carcass and not significant effect for TPC from cavity of carcass. It means that the longer postmortem time, TPC and Coliforms count are increase, but it was decrease to pH value. The pattern that formed from the results is linear function. S. enteritidis is found in cavity broiler chicken carcass during cognition.
Keyword: 

Judul: Kualitas mikrobiologis karkas ayam broiler selama pemasaran pada pasar tradisional di Bogor
Abstrak: Chicken meat is an important protein source which has relatively low in price. The demand of chicken carcass increases year by year, but it is not followed by the development of carcass handling procedurs in traditional market, especially in Indonesia This fact resulted that chicken carcass easily conlaminated by microorganism, so the quality decreased In traditional market, chicken carcass sold in open air and room tempemhm without any package. The objective of this research was to study microbial quality of broiler carcass during marketing process on traditional market in Bogor. This research studied about total microorganism, total coliform and Salmonella, in 6 hour marketing process in traditional market.
Keyword: 

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: