Judul: Elite formation in buginese and makassarese ethnics towards political hybrid culture
Abstrak: The purposed of this studi; (i) explore the transformation and interaction process of Buginese and Makassarese elites with their clients in achieving, maintaining and expanding their political and economic power, started from the traditional phase to secularism phase; (ii) discover the dynamics of Buginese and Makassarese elites formation specifically in political communication and economy in articulating their groups‘ interest and maintaining the political dynamic at every level; (iii) discover and understand the process of Buginese and Makassarese elites in using the symbols of culture, power, money and other political sosiology culture to achieve and maintain (reproduction) their power at the micro, mezzo and macro level. Constructive paradigm used in exploring the process of elite‘s formation in Buginese and Makassarese. A paradigm that position itself as the antitheses from the paradigm of positivism or post-positivism, which is relied heavily on observation and objectivity in finding a reality or knowledge. Constructivism stated that reality exists in several forms of mental constructions based on social experiences, it is locally and specific depends on the individual who did it (ontology). Therefore, reality that is observed by an individual cannot be generalized to other people. This confirmed that epistemological relation between observation and object is one entity, subjective, and as a result of integration of interaction among them. The result of this studi showed four phases of transformation process in the formation of Buginese and Makassarese elites; (i) traditional phase, where elite formation dominated by symbolic knowledge influence; (ii) feudalism phase; new capitalized era and land became a tool for power reproduction; (iii) Modern Islamic phase marked with the elites‘ awareness toward intellectuality and morality; (iv) Secularism phase, where pragmatism dominated in the existence of Buginese and Makassarese elites. Colonialization or ―bed politics‖ (political marriage) used during traditional, feudalism and modern Islamic phase, while transactional approach and politics hybrid culture, used during secularism phase in maintaining the elites‘ power. The process of elite formation in Bone used ―closed model‖. Stage of political power at Bone restricted only to aristocrats. On the contrary, influence and power of aristocrats at Gowa had been declined, thus political stage in Gowa more open and the elites‘ background are varied. Buginese of Bone predominantly used cultural symbols and power in achieving elite position, while the Makassarese of Gowa tends to use power, money and politic hybrid to engaged in the political power. Buginese elites tend to concentrate their power among them (same ethnicity, religion and territory), while the Makassarese elites (Gowanese) balance their power by sharing it according to the representation of territory, ethnicity and religion.
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Judul: Pembentukan identitas etnik dalam arena ekonomi politik lokal di era desentralisasi (pergulatan politik identitas etnik di Kendari, Sulawesi Tenggara)
Abstrak: Despite of various previous researches on local political economy have been done in Indonesia, however, there still few studies which analyze the relation between local political economy as an arena and political realities of ethnic identity. Therefore, this study is aimed to analyze the formation of ethnic identity, ethnic domination practices, forms of strategy, struggle and ethnic identity formation in the arena of local political economy. By applying qualitative research which was supported by quantitative data, research which was conducted in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi showed that the formation of ethnic identity in the arena of local political economy is individual or ethnic groups habitus, on the line of objectivication and subjectivication continuum of actors who’re interacted each other. Afterwards, liberative democration as choice of democatic system in desentralization era, open opportunity for ethnic mobilization (identity) of actors (elite) on local political economy arena. Therefore, it’s not an astonishment when practises on local political economy arena are always ethnic bias, as shown in practises of symbolic power domination, political power domination practises, and economical power domination practises. In order to sustain the power domination, actors perform a series of strategies, such as: symbolic reproduction, symbolic investment, economical invansion, discourse support, power invansion, symbolic support, symbolic penetration, resistance, discourse reproduction, strategic alliances. Thereafter perpetuating the formation formed on local political economy arena, consisting of domination formation and dominated formation. []
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Judul: Metode cepat kuantifikasi terfenadin dalam sediaan farmasi secara spektrofotometri derivatif ultraviolet
Abstrak: Terfenadin ialah antihistamin dengan efektivitas tinggi yang telah digunakan secara luas untuk mengatasi alergi. Metode cepat dan dapat dipercaya untuk menentukan terfenadin sangat dibutuhkan dalam mendukung kontrol mutu obat. Metode spektrofotometri derivatif ultraviolet (UV) turunan pertama telah dikembangkan untuk menentukan terfenadin dalam sediaan farmasi dan dibandingkan dengan kromatografi cair kinerja tinggi (KCKT). Kuantifikasi terfenadin secara spektrofotometri derivatif UV (SDUV) dilakukan berdasarkan pengukuran amplitudo puncak ke garis dasar pada panjang gelombang 225.2 nm. Hasil analisis terfenadin secara SDUV pada Terfin® dan Rhinofed® menunjukkan kadar berturut-turut sebesar 60.14 mg/tablet dan 39.90 mg/tablet. Hasil analisis terfenadin secara KCKT pada Terfin® dan Rhinofed® menunjukkan kadar berturut-turut 70.79 mg/tablet dan 47.49 mg/tablet. Analisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan uji t-student dan F menunjukkan perbedaan yang nyata pada tingkat kepercayaan 95% di antara hasil analisis kedua metode. Uji linearitas pada metode SDUV menghasilkan koefisien korelasi (r) sebesar 0.9994 pada kisaran 2-10 ppm. Nilai simpangan baku relatif adalah 4.79% untuk tablet Terfin® dan 7.94% untuk tablet Rhinofed®. Nilai perolehan kembali berdasarkan metode penambahan standar adalah 81.30-110.30%, limit deteksi 1.31 ppm, dan limit kuantitasi 3.98 ppm.
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