Judul: Potensi Penurunan Emisi Gas Rumah Kaca pada Industri Gula (Studi Kasus PT PG Rajawali II Unit PG Subang)
Abstrak: Green house gasses (GHGs) are gasses in the atmosphere that potential caused global warming because its collect heat from the sun which could increase the earth temperature. The sugar industry is one of industry that generates GHG emission from production process especially CO2 emission. The research’s purpose are identification of emission source, calculation of the consumption of energi and GHG emission. Potention GHG reduction is done by analysis of inventory material, calculation of the potention of CO2 emission reduction, the use of electricity and fuel. The CO2 emission is calculated from all activities of production process as carbon dioxide equivalent. The GHG emission in sugar industry resulted from boiler’s fuel combustion, electricity, diesel fuel and liquid petroleum gas (LPG) consumption, and solid waste treatment. The sugar industry studied used 101,273.90 ton bagasse, 174,258 liter Industrial Diesel Oil (IDO), 995,232 liter diesel fuel, 800 kg LPG and 6,508 MWh electricity, a sources of energy the CO2 emission is counted 104,786 tCO2 from fueland and 403 tCO2 equivalent from waste treatment. Recommended options to reduce GHG emission in the sugar industry are optimum the use of bagasse fuel for boiler’s combustion and the use of organic fertilizer from filter cake solid waste with composting process.
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Judul: Analisis Emisi Gas CO2 dalam Penilaian Daur Hidup Industri Gula pada PG. Karangsuwung PT. Rajawali II Cirebon.
Abstrak: Penilaian daur hidup adalah suatu metode pengukuran dampak suatu produk tertentu terhadap ekosistem yang dilakukan dengan mengidentifikasikan, mengukur, menganalisis, dan meghitung besarnya konsumsi energi, bahan baku, emisi serta faktor-faktor yang berkaitan dengan produk tersebut sepanjang siklus hidupnya. Salah satu gas yang berpotensial menyebabkan dampak pemanasan global yaitu gas karbondioksida (CO2). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi siklus hidup industri gula pada Pabrik Gula Karangsuwung, mengidentifikasi konsumsi bahan tambahan dan energi pada setiap tahapan proses, serta menganalisis emisi gas rumah kaca CO2. Tahapan Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) dilakukan dengan evaluasi pada setiap tahapan proses dan melakukan perhitungan emisi CO2 dengan metode Intergovernmental Panel of Climate Change (IPCC). Sumber emisi CO2 PG Karangsuwung berasal dari pembakaran bahan bakar boiler, penggunaan solar untuk pabrikasi, mekanisasi, transportasi dan pengolahan limbah padat. Setiap tahapan proses produksi terjadi kehilangan konsumsi bahan tambahan yaitu di stasiun gilingan kehilangan sebesar 4 763.30 ton, stasiun pemurnian sebesar 29 022.83 ton, stasiun penguapan sebesar 40 323.75 ton, dan stasiun kristalisasi sebesar 95.35 ton. Kehilangan disetiap tahapan proses disebabkan kondisi mesin yang kurang optimal dan adanya kebocoran. Total emisi CO2 PG. Karangsuwung yaitu 61 911.55 tCO2, dengan rincian pada emisi IDO sebesar 350.35 tCO2, ampas sebesar 59 235.54 tCO2, solar pabrikasi sebesar 533.77 tCO2, solar mekanisasi sebesar 853.18 tCO2, blotong sebesar 168.22 tCO2 dan solar transportasi sebesar 770.49 tCO2. Emisi CO2 per produk sebesar 4.94 tCO2 dan emisi per total tebu digiling sebesar 0.32 tCO2.
Keyword: Emisi CO2, industri gula, pemanasan global dan penilaian daur hidup

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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