Judul: Morfologi Caenorhabditis sp. Indonesia yang Dibiakkan dari Kompos dan Identifikasi Spesiesnya melalui Amplifikasi Gen mtCOI
Abstrak: Hewan uji yang umum digunakan dalam pengujian senyawa di laboratorium berasal dari kelompok hewan rodensia seperti mencit. Penggunaan mencit sebagai hewan uji membutuhkan biaya perawatan yang tinggi serta masa adaptasi dan perlakuan yang cukup lama. Caenorhabditis elegans merupakan spesies nematoda tanah yang berpotensi sebagai alternatif baru hewan uji dalam pengujian senyawa di laboratorium. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangbiakkan C. elegans yang bersumber dari pupuk kompos di Indonesia serta membandingkan karakteristik morfologi dan genetiknya dengan C. elegans tipe liar. Nematoda berproliferasi secara optimal pada media pertumbuhan nematoda (NGM) selama 60 jam. Nematoda ini memiliki karakteristik morfologi genus Caenorhabditis sp. Nematoda tampak transparan dan pipih, bergerak dengan meliuk-liukkan tubuhnya, serta memiliki ekor yang runcing. Hasil penjajaran spesifik gen mtCOI nematoda kompos terhadap sekuens C. elegans (NC_001328.1) menghasilkan nilai homologi sebesar 41.89%. Penentuan spesies nematoda secara genetik tidak dapat ditentukan sebab hasil sekuensing dan penjajaran sekuens yang kurang baik.
Keyword: Caenorhabditis elegans, hewan uji, kompos, morfologi, mtCOI

Judul: Identifikasi Nematoda Puru Akar (Meloidogyne spp) dengan DNA Barcode
Abstrak: Identifikasi Nematoda Puru Akar (NPA) di Indonesia saat ini hanya didasarkan pada karakter morfologis. Identifikasi nematoda berdasarkan karakter morfologis membutuhkan akurasi tinggi dan perlu didukung oleh hasil identifikasi molekuler menggunakan metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Oleh karena itu perlu dikembangkan metode identifikasi menggunakan karakter molekuler yang berasal dari gen sitokrom oksidase 1 (CO1). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi NPA yang terkait dengan tanaman bit berdasarkan gen CO1 Meloidogyne. Sampel bit diperoleh dari lahan pertanian yang terletak di Kecamatan Cipanas, Kabupaten Cianjur. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan metode purposive sampling. Identifikasi molekuler dengan PCR termasuk ekstraksi, amplifikasi, elektroforesis DNA, dan analisis sekuens nukleotida dan asam amino. Analisis sekuensing dilakukan dengan BLAST, ClustalW, DNA baser assembler dan Mega v.7.0. Amplifikasi DNA dilakukan dengan menggunakan primer spesifik CO1SIF (5-'GCCTGCATTTGGTTAG-3 ') dan CO1SIR (5’-TCAAACCAGTCCT-3’), CO1SAF (5’-GGGTACTGGATGAACA TTA-3’) dan CO1SAR (5’-ACTTCAGGATGACCAAA-3’). Amplifikasi DNA menghasilkan fragmen M. arenaria 360 bp dan fragmen M.incognita 326 bp. Homologi nukleotida dan asam amino M. arenaria Indonesia menunjukkan 100% dengan isolat AS, Jerman, Vietnam dan 73,4% dengan outgroup H.glycines (homologi nukleotida), 75,3% (homologi asam amino). Homologi nukleotida dan asam amino M. incognita Indonesia menunjukkan 100% dengan Jerman, Inggris, Afrika Selatan, dan, Vietnam. Homologi 99,8% dengan isolat AS. Homologi asam amino menunjukkan 99% dengan Jerman, Inggris, Afrika Selatan, Vietnam, dan AS, dengan outgroup H.glycines (homologi nukleotida 74%, asam amino 73,9%).
Keyword: Gen CO1, M. arenaria, M. incognita, bit gula

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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