Judul: Analisis perkembangan perdagangan fisik karet di bursa komoditi Indonesia
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari keadaan dan perkembangan perdagangan fisik karet di Bursa Komoditi Indonesia. Selain itu untuk menganalisis pembentukan harga yang terjadi pada perdagangan fisik karet di Bursa Komoditi Indonesia. Komoditi karet memberikan kontribusi perolehan devisa yang besar bagi Indonesia, dimana nilai ekspornya pada tahun 1992 mencapai US $ 846.876, sehingga perkembangan luas areal maupun produktivitasnya perlu digalakkan. Selain itu sistem pemasaran bahan olah karet perlu diperbaiki dengan menciptakan mekanisme perdagangan yang memiliki transparansi sistem pembentukan harga melalui Bursa Komoditi. Untuk mengetahui keadaan dan perkembangan perdagangan fisik karet dideskripsikan dalam bentuk tabulasi. Kemudian untuk menganalisis pangsa harga yang diterima pelaku transaksi digunakan perbandingan margin tataniaga dengan bursa karet lainnya di Indonesia. Sedangkan untuk menganalisis pembentukan harga yang terjadi, pengaruh harga terhadap volume transaksi dan pengaruh harga di Bursa Komoditi Indonesia terhadap harga di luar bursa dilakukan analisis statistik regresi linier.
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Judul: Analisis integrasi pasar karet alam antara pasar fisik di indonesia dengan pasar berjangka dunia
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara produsen sekaligus pengekspor karet nomor dua terbesar di dunia. Karet alam sebagai komoditi strategis yang berorientasi pada pasar ekspor menjadikan harga karet alam Indonesia dipengaruhi dan ditentukan oleh perkembangan harga di luar negeri. Untuk itulah Indonesia memiliki kepentingan besar atas setiap perubahan harga karet. Pada kenyataannya, sampai sekarang mekanisme perdagangan karet alam Indonesia masih bertumpu pada perdagangan di pasar fisik dengan mekanisme penetapan harga karet alam kecenderungan mengacu pada harga karet yang terbentuk di bursa berjangka karet dunia untuk dijadikan bahan dasar pertimbangan dalam negosiasi harga karet, sehingga jika dilihat secara umum pergerakan harga karet alam domestik serarah dengan perkembangan harga karet di pasar berjangka dunia. Pergerakan harga tersebut mengindikasikan terjadinya integrasi namun tidak diketahui hubungan kointegrasi harga antara pasar fisik karet alam di Indonesia dengan pasar berjangka karet dunia.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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