Judul: Kajian Program Penyaluran Kredit Usaha Kecil Melalui Program Kemitraan (Kasus PT BNI dengan Lembaga Pendamping IPB)
Abstrak: This program of partnership conducted by BUMN (as builder), in this case Bank BNI and small business as partner of construct work along with Bogor Bridge Agricultural University (IPB) represent institution of government having function as bridge institution, and also give recommendation for group of small (medium enterprise) to become candidate of partner construct. Target of this study in general is to analyze pattern channeling of credit to small entrepreneur through program of partnership of BUMN and strategy of development partnership conducted by PT Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk of Bogor Small Credit Central unit with Advocacy Institute (LP) IPB. Data collecting conducted by interview to get secondary and primary data from small medium enterprises by using questioner instrument form, observation and study of bibliography to learn and study literature with problems which the medium deal checked. The number of respondent consist of 75 respondent divided in two, 50 respondent from IPB partner of construct and 25 respondent from non IPB partner of construct. Data obtained in the primary and secondary data form, than analyzed descriptively to determine internal weakness and strengths, and also opportunities and threats of externals company. Analyze conducted with analysis of Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE), Externals Factor Evaluation (EFE), matrix Internal Externals (IE) and also analyze matrix Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) to formulate alternative of strategy of partnership in Credit of Partner of BUMN (KKB) supporting program. According to study result obtained an internal factor influencing KKB program is proffering procedure which not twist and the proffering condition easy to. Externals factor influencing KKB program is market UKM potency which still be big and the number of competitor from bank of a kind BUMN and also private sector. Given the partner link condition and position from result matrix analyze IE, can be compiled by some partner strategy alternative KKB supporting program, that are : (1) expense credit management clipping process like administration expense, (2) adding administrative personnel outsourcing (3) more intensive promotion through various media and (4) performing socialization about KKB by inviting all client from UKM group. Strategy expected can realize partnership target, that is create UKM selfsupporting and taft.
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Judul: Feasibility Study and Strategy Development of “Kredit Usaha Rakyat” at PT. Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk)
Abstrak: Small and Medium Enterprises Sector (SMEs) are considered to have contributed quite dominant in supporting economic growth in Indonesia, but the portion of credit to SMEs is still considered low, the average is 34.20% in the last three years. Especially for BNI KUR (Kredit Usaha Rakyat), per share of 9.86% in October 2010 when compared with other implementing banks. Related to the low absorptive capacity of SMEs to bank credit implies still many problems in the financing of SMEs who need to look for the threads. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior characteristics and SMEs as well as compliance with credit schemes/patterns of the most appropriate financing, analyzing the obstacles and constraints in the distribution of KUR BNI to the perpetrators of SMEs and to develop effective strategies to increase the share of BNI KUR. Data was collected through questionnaires distributed to the debtor at some branches of KUR BNI debtor as many as 100 people in 10 (ten) cities in Indonesia by using the services of third parties. Sampling techniques used in research is purposive sampling methods, ie deliberately selecting the studied samples as a respondent. While the secondary data sourced from documents and literature relating to the distribution pattern of KUR. The method of analysis in this study were (1) Qualitative Descriptive Analysis, (2) Chi square (𝑥2), 3) Analysis of Strength, Weakness, Opportunity and Threat (SWOT), and (4) Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Matrix. In accordance with characteristic and behaviors of SMEs are still experiencing limitations in administrative and managerial skills because the educational background that is still relatively low, the pattern of KUR is considered to be in accordance with SMEs. Until now the distribution of KUR BNI still encountering many obstacles, including lack of uniform understanding among relevant parties so that the impact on KUR absorption by SMEs. BNI specifically, the spotlight is still a lack of outlets so that the prospective debtor credit processors (especially in the area) is relatively difficult to reach the outlet of BNI. The other main obstacle is the lack of promotion of BNI in disseminating and promoting the officers in addition to processing credit KUR that still need to be added. The observations show that KUR accordance with SMEs is 84% and the states agree there is still a constraint of 79%. Both of these conditions is reinforced by Chi square test that produces a real level. Based on the SWOT analysis, which is the strength (Strength) BNI KUR are (1) Corporate Image BNI position is strong, (2) Office Network BNI widespread and adequate capital support. The weakness (Weakness) is the lack of credit processing outlets, lack of promotion and lack of processing power KUR Credit. The opportunities (Opportunities) is a market share of financing KUR, the regional autonomy policy, and government policies towards SMEs. While that is a threat (threats) is a widespread BRI outlets to the country, local government support to the BPD and the aggressiveness of BPR. Based on the above conditions, then the IE matrix which refers to the total value amounting to 3.15 matris
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Judul: Stabilitas Klorofil Daun Suji (Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb)
Abstrak: Klorofil, sebagai pigmen alami, memainkan peranan penting terhadap tampilan warna hijau pada tanaman. Warna hijau klorofil sejak lama telah digunakan sebagai bahan pewarna alami. Jenis klorofil yang umumnya ditemukan pada tanaman adalah klorofil a dan klorofil b. Keduanya memiliki polaritas berbeda karena perbedaan gugus fungsi yang terikat pada strukturnya (-CH3 untuk klorofil a dan -CHO untuk klorofil b). Eksplorasi kandungan klorofil dari berbagai tanaman telah dilakukan, termasuk pada Suji (Dracaena angustifolia (Medik.) Roxb.). Suji terkenal sebagai tanaman penghasil bahan pewarna dan tanaman obat. Belum ada laporan ilmiah yang khusus mempelajari karakteristik klorofil pada daun Suji yang menyebabkan daun suji lebih dipilih sebagai bahan pewarna dibandingkan tanaman sumber klorofil lainnya. Produksi pewarna alami dari klorofil daun Suji pada skala rumah tangga dilakukan dengan menggiling daun dan mengekstraknya menggunakan air. Daun yang digunakan harus segar agar menghasilkan ekstrak dengan warna hijau yang baik. Warna hijau yang baik menandakan kandungan klorofil yang tinggi. Meskipun praktik tersebut telah dilakukan sejak lama, namun penelitian yang melaporkan hubungan antara tingkat kesegaran bahan (daun) dan profil klorofilnya selama penyimpanan belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Klorofil Suji, dan tanaman lain, diketahui mudah sekali terdegradasi karena reaksi enzimatik dan non-enzimatik yang dipengaruhi oleh kondisi lingkungan. Pengolahan dengan panas atau kondisi proses pada pH rendah menyebabkan perubahan pada klorofil yaitu kehilangan atom Mg dan membentuk senyawa turunan feofitin. Degradasi klorofil berlangsung cepat dan menyebabkan struktur klorofil berubah menjadi senyawa turunannya yang tidak lagi berwarna hijau. Pengolahan dengan panas pada sayuran menyebabkan perubahan warna hijau karena degradasi klorofil yang bersifat tidak dapat kembali (irreversible). Stabilitas klorofil pada suhu tinggi dengan waktu pemrosesan yang lama dibutuhkan pada skala pengolahan di industri agar proses yang berlangsung mampu mempertahankan warna produk agar tetap menarik. Upaya paling umum yang dilaporkan mampu mempertahankan warna hijau klorofil adalah melalui pembentukan senyawa metalo-klorofil dengan penambahan logam (Cu atau Zn). Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan utama untuk mengevaluasi stabilitas klorofil daun Suji. Tujuan tersebut dijabarkan menjadi tiga tujuan khusus, yaitu: (1) mengidentifikasi korelasi antara kadar klorofil a, klorofil b, dan rasionya pada tanaman yang menunjukkan keunggulan daun Suji dibandingkan tanaman lain; (2) mengevaluasi profil stabilitas klorofil daun Suji selama penyimpanan segar; dan (3) mengevaluasi pengaruh penambahan Zn2+ sebagai penstabil terhadap stabilitas klorofil pure daun Suji yang mengalami perlakuan pada suhu tinggi selama waktu tertentu. Spektrum absorbansi daun Suji memperlihatkan bahwa pigmen utama pada daun Suji adalah klorofil a, klorofil b, dan β-karoten. Konsentrasi klorofil daun Suji segar adalah 16.06 g/kg (basis kering, bk). Selama penyimpanan, konsentrasi klorofil turun 22.89% dalam tiga hari pertama, kemudian naik hingga mencapai puncaknya pada hari ke-5 dengan kadar 18.56 g/kg (bk), dan setelah itu kadarnya turun kembali. Tampilan ultragraf menunjukkan bahwa struktur kloroplas pada daun Suji mengalami penyusutan karena kehilangan air selama penyimpanan sebelum akhirnya lisis ke dalam cairan sitosol. Peningkatan konsentrasi klorofil bukan disebabkan oleh adanya sintesis namun diduga karena luruhnya tumpukan grana tilakoid dan adanya klorofil yang terkonsentrasi. Kondisi tersebut mempermudah terjadinya ekstraksi klorofil keluar dari jaringan daun saat terjadi kerusakan fisik dan pemberian gaya mekanik, contohnya saat penggilingan menggunakan blender. Perilaku unik klorofil daun Suji tersebut sejalan dengan profil perubahan rendemennya. Namun, profil perubahan yang
Keyword: degradasi, kloroplas, penyimpanan, pewarna, stabilitas termal, warna hijau