Judul: Dampak Pengembangan Ekowisata: Struktur Nafkah serta Adaptasi dan Mitigasi Perubahan Iklim Rumah Tangga.
Abstrak: Ekowisata merupakan kegiatan pariwisata yang mengandalkan kondisi alam dan lingkungan sebagai destinasi wisata. Kehadiran wisata dapat berpengaruh terhadap kondisi nafkah rumah tangga pedesaan di sekitar wilayah wisata. Selain itu, ekowisata juga dapat menjadi kegiatan untuk adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis struktur nafkah rumah tangga pedesaan yang diakibatkan karena kehadiran ekowisata dan bagaimana kegiatan adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim yang dilakukan rumah tangga di wilayah ekowisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian campuran. Jumlah responden dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 60 rumah tangga dengan komposisi 30 rumah tangga pekerja wisata dan 30 rumah tangga bukan pekerja wisata. Penelitian ini menggunakan uji hubungan Rank spearman dan uji Wilcoxon signed rank test. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa pengembangan ekowisata menyebabkan perubahan modal nafkah sosial, manusia, fisik, dan finansial. Penelitian ini juga menemukan sumber nafkah baru yaitu pariwisata. Kegiatan ekowisata juga dapat menjadi adaptasi dan mitigasi perubahan iklim yang sekaligus dapat menjadi kegiatan untuk melestarikan wilayah ekowisata agar lebih berkelanjutan., Ecotourism is a tourism activity that relies on natural and environmental conditions as a tourist destination. The presence of tourists can affect the livelihood conditions of rural households around tourist areas. In addition, ecotourism can also be an activity for climate change adaptation and mitigation. The purpose of this research is to analyze the livelihood structure of rural households caused by ecotourism and how climate change adaptation and mitigation activities are carried out by households in ecotourism areas. This study uses mixed research methods. The number of respondents in this study were 60 households with a composition of 30 tourist worker households and 30 non-tourist worker households. This study used the Spearman rank relationship test and the Wilcoxon signed rank test. The results of the study show that the development of ecotourism causes changes in social, human, physical and financial livelihood capital. This research also found a new source of income, namely tourism. Ecotourism activities can also be climate change adaptation and mitigation which can also be activities to preserve ecotourism areas to make them more sustainable.
Keyword: adaptation, climate change, ecotourism, livelihood structure, mitigation

Judul: Strategy and Livelihood Structure for Farmer Household After Agrotourism Development
Abstrak: Sektor pertanian tidak hanya digunakan untuk memproduksi pangan atau bahan mentah industri tetapi juga dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana wisata dan kegiatan edukasi. Kegiatan wisata yang memanfaatkan lahan pertanian disebut dengan agrowisata. Kehadiran agrowisata ini membawa banyak dampak positif bagi masyarakat di sekitar tempat wisata, seperti peningkatan ekonomi masyarakat sebab adanya penyerapan tenaga kerja untuk bidang wisata. Di sisi lain, adanya aktivitas wisata tersebut tentu akan memengaruhi aktivitas pertanian dan dapat berdampak pada sumber nafkah petani. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan mixed-method untuk melihat hubungan antar variabel. Hubungan antar variabel ini secara statistik diolah menggunakan uji korelasi Rank Spearman dengan jumlah responden sebanyak 35 rumah tangga petani. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menunjukan bahwasanya setelah adanya pengembangan agrowisata terjadi perubahan kepemilikan modal nafkah pada modal alam, modal fisik, modal manusia dan modal finansial. Selain itu, perubahan juga terjadi pada strategi nafkah yang mereka lakukan. Hal tersebut menyebabkan perubahan struktur nafkah rumah tangga petani, karena adanya proposi sumber nafkah baru dari sektor pariwisata., The agricultural sector is used not only to produce food or industrial raw materials but also as a means of tourism and educational activities. Tourism activities that utilize agricultural land are called agrotourism. The presence of agro-tourism brings many positive impacts for the community around tourist attractions, such as improving the community's economy because of the absorption of labor for the tourism sector. On the other hand, the existence of tourism activities will certainly affect agricultural activities and can have an impact on farmers' livelihoods. This study uses a mixed-method approach to see the relationship between variables. The relationship between these variables was statistically processed using the Spearman Rank correlation test with the number of respondents as many as 35 farmer households. The results obtained indicate that after the development of agro-tourism there is a change in the ownership of livelihood capital in natural capital, physical capital, human capital and financial capital. In addition, changes also occur in their livelihood strategies. This causes changes in the structure of farmer household livelihoods, due to the proportion of new sources of income from the tourism sector.
Keyword: agrotourism, livelihood assets, livelihood strategy, livelihood structure

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: