Judul: Perencanaan usahatani karet dan kelapa sawit berkelanjutan di DAS batang pelepat kabupaten Bungo provinsi Jambi, Sustainable farming systems for rubber and oil palm planning in Batang pelepat wathershed bungo district Jambi province
Abstrak: Pembukaan dan konversi hutan menjadi penggunaan lain, termasuk pengembangan pertanian telah terjadi di berbagai DAS di Indonesia. Fenomena ini juga terjadi di DAS Batang Pelepat, yang umumnya ditujukan untuk pengembangan usahatani karet dan kelapa sawit (UTKKS).
Keyword: Jambi, Agrotechnology, Hidrologi, Erosi

Judul: Sustainable farming systems for Rubber and Oil Palm Planning in Batang Pelepat Watershed Bungo District Jambi Province
Abstrak: Land for rubber and oil palm farmings in Batang Pelepat watershed were generally cultivated without adequate fertilization and soil and water conservation techniques. This practice caused high erosion and in turn gradually decreased land productivity and farmer’s income. The objectives of this research were:(1) to identify land characteristics and farming systems of rubber and oil palm (FSROP) types, (2) to study impacts of FSROP on land characteristic, run off and erosion (ROE) rate, crop production and farmer’s income and (3) to design sustainable FSROP. Identification of FSROP characteristics were carried out by using descriptive analysis. Impacts of FSROP on ROE was measured in small erosion plot and analyzed using variance analysis and Duncan New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT). The sustainable FSROP was formulated by simulation technique using universal of soil loss equation (USLE) and multiple goal programming models. The results of the research showed that farming system in Batang Pelepat watershed consisted of five types of rubber farming systems and two types of oil palm farming systems. All of those farming systems were not able to fulfill indicators of sustainable agriculture (ISA). Cultivated land resulted higher ROE than forest. However among the cultivated land sesap karet caused the lowest ROE (3.53 mm and 13.93 ton/ha/year). The sustainable FSROP could be accomplished by application of combination agrotechnologies including balance fertilization using urea, SP-36, KCl and MgSO4. Meanwhile, the ISA were accomplished by application of Legum Cover Crop (LCC) and countour cropping (on slope 3–14%) and LCC and gulud terrace (on slope 15–30%). The sesap karet I (mixed of rubber-manau-kayu sungkai) performed the most optimum ISA. The sesap karet I generated erosion of 0.61 – 3.46 ton/ha/year and the farmer’s income Rp18 320 000 –18 590 000/ha/year.
Keyword: Agrotechnology, Indicators of Sustainable Agriculture (ISA), Universal of Soil Loss Equation (USLE)

Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum