Judul: Development of Chicken Nugget Products with Additional Chicken Bone Flour as a Food Product Source of Calcium
Abstrak: Di Indonesia rata-rata asupan kalsium anak usia 12 tahun yaitu sebanyak 234,46 mg per hari, jumlah tersebut masih tergolong kurang apabila dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan gizi sebesar 1200 mg per hari (Kemenkes 2019). Pada masa remaja juga terdapat puncak pertumbuhan massa tulang (peak bone mass) yang menyebabkan kebutuhan gizi menjadi sangat tinggi bahkan lebih tinggi daripada fase kehidupan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk nugget ayam dengan menambahkan tepung tulang ayam sebagai produk nugget sumber kalsium untuk remaja. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan November 2020 sampai Maret 2021. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan tepung tulang ayam, perancangan formula nugget, pembuatan nugget, uji organoleptik, penentuan formula terpilih nugget, analisis proksimat, analisis kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium, serta perhitungan kontribusi zat gizi nugget formula terpilih. Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik (uji hedonik dan uji ranking), maka formula nuuget dengan substitusi tepung tulang ayam sebanyak 10% merupakan formula terpilih. Hasil analisis kadar kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium yang terkandung pada nugget F1 sebesar 850,60 mg/100 g dan 78,12 mg/100 g. Formula nugget terpilih memberikan kontribusi protein sebesar 18,4−27,6% dan kalsium sebesar 40,3% terhadap AKG remaja., In Indonesia, the average calcium intake of children aged 12 years is 234.46 mg per day. This is still less than the daily recommendation, 1200 mg per day (Kemenkes 2019). In adolescence there is also a peak bone mass that causes the nutritional needs to be very high even higher than the other phases of life. This study aimed to develop chicken nugget products supplemented by adding chicken bone meal as a nugget product source of calcium for adolescents. The research was performed from November 2020 until March 2021. The research started from the processing of chicken bone flour, nugget formulation, production of nugget, sensory evaluation, determination of selected formulas, nutrient analysis, calcium analysis, calcium bioavailability determination, and the calculation of nutritional contribution of selected formula nuggets. Based on the results of sensory evaluation (hedonic acceptance tests and preference ranking tests), the selected formula was the formula using 10% chicken bone meal substitution. The analysis results of calcium levels and calcium bioavailability contained in selected formula was 850.60 mg /100 g and 78,12 % respectively. The selected nugget formula contributes 18.4−27.6% of protein and calcium by 40.3% to adolescent RDA.
Keyword: calcium, chicken bone, chicken nugget, fortification, hidden malnutritions

Judul: Development of Chicken Nugget Products with Additional Chicken Bone Flour as a Food Product Source of Calcium
Abstrak: Di Indonesia rata-rata asupan kalsium anak usia 12 tahun yaitu sebanyak 234,46 mg per hari, jumlah tersebut masih tergolong kurang apabila dibandingkan dengan angka kecukupan gizi sebesar 1200 mg per hari (Kemenkes 2019). Pada masa remaja juga terdapat puncak pertumbuhan massa tulang (peak bone mass) yang menyebabkan kebutuhan gizi menjadi sangat tinggi bahkan lebih tinggi daripada fase kehidupan lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan produk nugget ayam dengan menambahkan tepung tulang ayam sebagai produk nugget sumber kalsium untuk remaja. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan November 2020 sampai Maret 2021. Penelitian ini dimulai dari pembuatan tepung tulang ayam, perancangan formula nugget, pembuatan nugget, uji organoleptik, penentuan formula terpilih nugget, analisis proksimat, analisis kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium, serta perhitungan kontribusi zat gizi nugget formula terpilih. Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik (uji hedonik dan uji ranking), maka formula nuuget dengan substitusi tepung tulang ayam sebanyak 10% merupakan formula terpilih. Hasil analisis kadar kalsium dan bioavailabilitas kalsium yang terkandung pada nugget F1 sebesar 850,60 mg/100 g dan 78,12 mg/100 g. Formula nugget terpilih memberikan kontribusi protein sebesar 18,4−27,6% dan kalsium sebesar 40,3% terhadap AKG remaja., In Indonesia, the average calcium intake of children aged 12 years is 234.46 mg per day. This is still less than the daily recommendation, 1200 mg per day (Kemenkes 2019). In adolescence there is also a peak bone mass that causes the nutritional needs to be very high even higher than the other phases of life. This study aimed to develop chicken nugget products supplemented by adding chicken bone meal as a nugget product source of calcium for adolescents. The research was performed from November 2020 until March 2021. The research started from the processing of chicken bone flour, nugget formulation, production of nugget, sensory evaluation, determination of selected formulas, nutrient analysis, calcium analysis, calcium bioavailability determination, and the calculation of nutritional contribution of selected formula nuggets. Based on the results of sensory evaluation (hedonic acceptance tests and preference ranking tests), the selected formula was the formula using 10% chicken bone meal substitution. The analysis results of calcium levels and calcium bioavailability contained in selected formula was 850.60 mg /100 g and 78,12 % respectively. The selected nugget formula contributes 18.4−27.6% of protein and calcium by 40.3% to adolescent RDA.
Keyword: calcium, chicken bone, chicken nugget, fortification, hidden malnutritions

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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