Judul: Penataan Kelembagaan Menuju Pengelolaan Taman Nasional Mandiri di Taman Nasional Gunung Gede Pangrango
Abstrak: National Parks (NPs) is part of the protected areas (PAs) which is managed by the government. Appointment management unit aims to realize the effectiveness of management. The recent phenomenon showed that the effectiveness value of the National Park's management is categorized at 'underaverage'level. One of the problems that lead to ineffective management ofNPs, that the limited allocation of resources funding. The government's efforts to solve the limited budget for public investment has led to make self-financed management unit. This policy is expected to be self-financed, but still achieved sustainable park management. Towards the achievement of the essentials done by strengthening the use in park management. Private sector involvement in the utilization of natural resources is one of opportunity to overcome the limitations of management funding issues. It underlies the development of self-financed model to achieve management goals through the use of natural resources by maintaining the main functions ofNPs. This study aims to describe the policy of public investment in the management of park, outlines private investment in the utilization of natural resources in the area of park, and obtaining appropriate institutional model towards selffinanced of park management. Descriptive approach to research through research with data collection through interviews and review of documentation. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, content analysis, and gap analysis. Government budget in managing TNGGP still cause problems. The problem comes from the source and use government budget. Government budget sources still has uncertainties due to changes in government fiscal policy in the form of cuts or changes to the budget and usage mechanisms. It has an impact on the implementation of the budget TNGGP management activities that have been defined. Government budget source to implement the activities have not touched on the effectiveness of management TNGGP. The allocation is more widely used for routine activities such as staff salaries and office support infrastructure. The proportion of the budget these activities have an impact on the limited budget allocation for the basic activities in achieving effectiveness management. Utilization of natural resources TNGGP region consists of seven products. Nature tourism is a product that can involve private parties of seven activities identified by the characteristics of the product benefits, zoning, and management. However, private sector involvement in the use of nature in TNGGP still cannot be implemented. Unpreparedness of the government as principal to be a factor inhibiting private investment can be made. Granting licenses to private parties is a form of transfer of temporary property rights while rigidly organized and detailed. Lengthy permitting process, the uncertainty in obtaining a business license, as well as the rights and obligations of the rules that are not balanced cause disinterest in the private sector to invest. Income of non-tax revenues is the result of the utilization of natural resources is still causing problems in the types and rates and use. Types and rates of relatively small value and many are not yet regulated. In addition, the revenue cannot be used directly by the management unit but must be paid in advance to the state treasury and the state budget is managed
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Judul: Institutional Arrangement Towards A Self-Financed National Parks Management at Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park
Abstrak: National Parks (NPs) is part of the protected areas (PAs) which is managed by the government. Appointment management unit aims to realize the effectiveness of management. The recent phenomenon showed that the effectiveness value of the National Park's management is categorized at 'underaverage'level. One of the problems that lead to ineffective management ofNPs, that the limited allocation of resources funding. The government's efforts to solve the limited budget for public investment has led to make self-financed management unit. This policy is expected to be self-financed, but still achieved sustainable park management. Towards the achievement of the essentials done by strengthening the use in park management. Private sector involvement in the utilization of natural resources is one of opportunity to overcome the limitations of management funding issues. It underlies the development of self-financed model to achieve management goals through the use of natural resources by maintaining the main functions ofNPs. This study aims to describe the policy of public investment in the management of park, outlines private investment in the utilization of natural resources in the area of park, and obtaining appropriate institutional model towards selffinanced of park management. Descriptive approach to research through research with data collection through interviews and review of documentation. Data were analyzed through descriptive analysis, content analysis, and gap analysis. Government budget in managing TNGGP still cause problems. The problem comes from the source and use government budget. Government budget sources still has uncertainties due to changes in government fiscal policy in the form of cuts or changes to the budget and usage mechanisms. It has an impact on the implementation of the budget TNGGP management activities that have been defined. Government budget source to implement the activities have not touched on the effectiveness of management TNGGP. The allocation is more widely used for routine activities such as staff salaries and office support infrastructure. The proportion of the budget these activities have an impact on the limited budget allocation for the basic activities in achieving effectiveness management. Utilization of natural resources TNGGP region consists of seven products. Nature tourism is a product that can involve private parties of seven activities identified by the characteristics of the product benefits, zoning, and management. However, private sector involvement in the use of nature in TNGGP still cannot be implemented. Unpreparedness of the government as principal to be a factor inhibiting private investment can be made. Granting licenses to private parties is a form of transfer of temporary property rights while rigidly organized and detailed. Lengthy permitting process, the uncertainty in obtaining a business license, as well as the rights and obligations of the rules that are not balanced cause disinterest in the private sector to invest. Income of non-tax revenues is the result of the utilization of natural resources is still causing problems in the types and rates and use. Types and rates of relatively small value and many are not yet regulated. In addition, the revenue cannot be used directly by the management unit but must be paid in advance to the state treasury and the state budget is managed
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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