Judul: Analysis of clean water required and head loss at water distrisbution in IPB Darmaga Campus Bogor
Abstrak: The objectives of this study were to find clean water needs for campus IPB Darmaga, to know the peak time water consumption in IPB Darmaga, to calculate the amount of head loss and leakage that occurred in the distribution network as well as the general condition of the water supply in IPB Darmaga. Water requirement was calculated by monitoring actual water usage on the main supply meter, in order to get the daily usage and peak time usage. Furthermore, the head loss was calculated using Darcy-Weisbach and Bernoulli equations. The prediction results showed that the academic community of IPB needs clean water 2,670.84 m3/day, while the actual use of clean water could reach 3,566.62 m3/day. This signifies the use of water in the IPB is very large when compared to standard needs. The total production capacity of clean water in IPB was 4,471.75 m3/day consisting of 903.60 m3/day from Water Treatment Plant (WTP) 1 Ciapus, 1,319 m3/day from WTP 2 Ciapus, and 2,249.15 m3/day from WTP Cihideung. Peak time of water use in IPB occurred at 09.00 until 10.00 am with the highest consumption could reach 137 m3/hour. Water leaks that occur in distribution channels Fahutan tower was 88-90 liters/hour or 64.80 m3/day. While the magnitude of head loss that occurred in the pipeline transmission from WTP Cihideung toward the Fahutan tower was 14 m and elevation difference between the two places was 41 m. Pump head that occurred was 55 m.
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Judul: Analisis beban pencemaran Sungai Cihideung sebagai bahan baku pengolahan air di Kampus IPB Darmaga
Abstrak: Kampus Institut Pertanian Bogor (IPB) berada di Kecamatan Darmaga Kabupaten Bogor saat ini melayani hampir 21.000 orang, yaitu mahasiswa, dosen dan tenaga kependidikan. Untuk keperluan air bersih didapatkan dengan melakukan pengolahan sendiri dengan memakai bahan baku dari Sungai Cihideung. Aktivitas di sekitar sungai Cihideung membuat air sungai mudah tercemar oleh bermacam limbah pertanian, perikanan, industri dan limbah cair domestik. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menghitung beban pencemaran air Sungai Cihideung sebagai bahan baku pengolahan air di Kampus IPB Darmaga, mengetahui kualitas air sungai sebelum dan sesudah pengolahan air dengan menganalisis parameter fisika, kimia dan biologi. Hasil pengukuran karakteristik kualitas air yang diperoleh dibandingkan dengan standar baku mutu berdasarkan PP Nomor 82 Tahun 2001. Status kualitas lingkungan Sungai Cihideung ditetapkan dengan menggunakan metode STORET yang terdapat pada Lampiran II Keputusan Menteri Negara Lingkungan Hidup No. 115 Tahun 2003. Analisis data utama yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penentuan beban pencemaran dan penentuan status mutu air sungai. Data sampel air diambil dengan 3 kali ulangan pada 5 titik stasiun yang membuang limbah paling banyak yang ada di sepanjang Sungai Cihideung. Analisis data sosial tentang kebutuhan air di Kampus IPB Darmaga adalah berupa wawancara dan kuisioner kepada pengguna air di Kampus IPB Darmaga yang bersifat diskriptif.
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Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship