Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Salmonella spp. pada Telur dan Saluran Reproduksi Ayam Petelur di Desa Curug Kecamatan Gunung Sindur Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Ayam petelur merupakan ayam hasil pemuliaan dan seleksi yang dipelihara dengan tujuan utama untuk menghasilkan telur. Unggas dapat terinfeksi oleh berbagai jenis Salmonella enterica seperti S. pullorum dan S. galinarum yang merupakan bakteri spesifik yang dibawa oleh ayam. Jenis lain seperti S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, dan S. heidelberg dapat menginfeksi lebih banyak inang selain unggas seperti babi, sapi, dan telur serta produk segar lainnya. Salmonella enterica dapat menghasilkan enterotoksin dan endotoksin yang mengakibatkan ternak depresi, kehilangan bobot badan, dehidrasi, dan kekerdilan. Identifikasi terhadap cemaran Salmonella pada ayam petelur perlu dilakukan terutama pada wilayah padat ayam petelur seperti Desa Curug, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengidentifikasi Salmonella spp. pada telur dan saluran reproduksi ayam petelur di peternakan yang berlokasi di Desa Curug, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor serta mempelajari jalur pencemaran Salmonella yang terjadi di ayam petelur yang ada di wilayah tersebut. Sebanyak 2 peternakan (Peternakan A dan B) dipilih secara acak sebagai sampel dari 25 peternakan yang ada untuk mengetahui kondisi pencemaran Salmonella spp. pada ayam petelur dan telur yang dihasilkan di wilayah tersebut. Sejumlah 6 ekor ayam petelur dari setiap peternakan, 3 ekor dijadikan sampel untuk pengujian pencemaran Salmonella di saluran reproduksi (ovarium, magnum, uterus, dan kloaka) dan 3 ekor pada telur (isi dan kerabang telur) yang masih terdapat di saluran reproduksi. Pengujian menggunakan prosedur BAM (Bacteriological Analitycal Method) yang terdiri dari proses pengkayaan, agar selektif, uji biokimia awal, dan uji biokimia lanjut.
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Judul: Isolasi dan Identifikasi Salmonella enteritidis pada Telur Saluran Pencernaan dan Feses Ayam Ras dari Peternakan Ayam Petelur di Gunung Sindur Bogor
Abstrak: Salmonella became a major cause of food poisoning. Several types of Salmonella could infect chicken as well as pig, cattle, egg and other fresh product. Poultry could be infected by several types of this bacteria. Adult laying hens infected by Salmonella may carry the organisme in their small intestines and shed it in their faeces, which may lead to contamination of the eggshell surface, alternatively contamination of the laid egg may occur in vivo through the dessemination of the organisme to the egg following localization and colonization of the small intestine by Salmonella, that is by transovarian transmision. Total 6 hens, 12 eggs, and 22 samples of faeces were test. From this case, we must give more our atention to Salmonella so this study evaluated the prevalence of Salmonella in different hatchery by applying Bacteriological Analitycal Methode (BAM) for isolation and identification of this bacteria. The test shown that just faeces from Farm A which were contaminated by Salmonella. Test were not found all kind of species Salmonella in egg and gastrointestine
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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