Judul: Inseminasi Buatan pada Kuda
Abstrak: Dalam memenuhi kebutuhan daa kepuasan yang terasa semakin meningkat akan ternak kuda, maka reproduksi merupakan aspek yang penting yang fiarus diperhatikan dalam usaha meningkatkan produksinya. Faktor m u s i m , lingkungan, nutrisi, keseimbangan si stem endokrin dan genetik herpengaruh terhadap urnur dewasa kelamin, siMus laerahi, lama berahi, gejala berahi, lama kebuntingan dan berahi set elah kelahiran pada kuda.
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Judul: Pola reproduksi kuda
Abstrak: Tujuan penulisan skripsi ini adalah untuk mengetahui pola reproduksi dari kuda yang berguna sebagai prasarana untuk mengembangkan peternakan, mempertahankan mutu gene- tik dan kelangsungan hidup serta meningkatkan populasi ternak tersebut. Pubertas pada kuda jantan dicapai pada umur 2 tahun, namun baru dapat dipakai menyawini betina setelah mencapai umur 3-4 tahun. Sedangkan pada kuda betina pubertas ber- langsung antara 10-24 bulan dengan rata-rata 18 bulan dan sebaiknya dikawinkan setelah mencapai umur 2-3 tahun. pubertas umumnya dipengaruhi oleh faktor makanan, herediter dan lingkungan. Lama siklus berahi pada kuda antara 19-23 hari dengan rata-rata 21 hari, lama berahinya rata-rata 5,5 hari dan waktu ovulasi 1-2 hari sebelum akhir estrus atau hari ke-2 sampai ke-3 estrus. Siklus berahi pada kuda sangat di- pengaruhi oleh perubahan musim, lamanya sinar matahari, nutrisi dan iklim. Waktu terbaik untuk dikawinkan kembali setelah partus adalah 25-35 hari atau estrus ke-2. Lama kebuntingan pada kuda berkisar antara 320-360 hari dengan rata-rata 336 hari. Penyebab fertilitas yang rendah pada kuda jantan ialah adanya kelainan-kelainan pada organ reproduksi dan semen. Sedangkan kegagalan reproduksi pada kuda betina ditimbulkan akibat yangyuan keseimbangan hormonal, penya- kit kelamin menular, kematian neonatal pada anak kuda yang baru lahir serta infeksi bakteri melalui tali pusar. Kuda menghasilkan semen dalam jumlah besar, satu eja- kulat berkisar antara 30-125 mililiter. Konsentrasi sper- ma kuda berkisar antara 30-600 juta sel per mililiter. Konsentrasi sperma kuda tergantung kepada kapasitas produksi individual, tingkatan makanan dan frekuensi pema- kaian pejantan. Jumlah sperma per ejakulat 7-15 milyar, pH 7,4, sperma motil 65 persen dan sperma morfologik nor- mal mencapai 80 persen…dst
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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