Judul: Pengaruh Penambahan Kultur Bakteri dan Lama Fermentasi terhadap Mutu Pikel Jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc.)
Abstrak: Jahc (Zingiber officinale RSOC.) merupakan salah satu rcmpah-r,?mpah yang bisa dibuat pikel. Untuk meningkatkan mutu pikel jahe dilakukan penambahan kultur bakteri yang tcrdiri dari Lactobacillus plantaruat, Lactobacillus brevis dan Leuconostoc sp. Penelitian menunjukkan tidak terjadiperbedaan nyata pdda pH setiap perlakuan. Analisa total asam tertitrasi mcnunjuk1;an lama fermentasi 24 hari memiliki kandungan asam laktat tertinggi yaitu 0.34% (cairan) dan 0.32% (pikel). Sedangkan kandungan total asam volatil tertinggi pada fermentasi campuran Lactobacillus plantarum dan Lactobacillus brevis yaitu 0.05%. Padtitan terlarut tertinggi diperoleh pada fermentasi spontan yaitu 2.2Obrix dan terendah pada campuran Lactobacillus plantarum dan Lactobacillus brevis yaitu l.gobrix. Uji kekerasan menunjukkan campuran ~actobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus brevis dan Leuconostoc sp menghasilkan pikel paling keras denyan nilai 0.76 mm/lO dctik150 gr dan fermentasi campuran Lactobacillus plantaruni dan Leuconostoc sp menghasilkan pike1 yang paling lunak dengan nilai 2.15 mm/lO detik/ 50 gr.
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Judul: Pengaruh lama fermentasi dan penambahan kultur bakteri terhadap mutu pikel jamur merang (Volvariella volvaceae)
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan kultur bakteri dan lama fermentasi terhadap mutu pikel jamur merang. Metode penelitian terbagi dalam 2 tahap meliputi 1) penelitian pendahuluan, untuk mencari cara-cara optimum untuk melakukan fermentasi jamur merang dan 2) penelitian utama untuk mempelajari pengaruh perlakuan penambahan kultur bakteri (spontan, L. plantarum, L. brevis, dan campuran L. plantarum dan L. brevis) dan lama fermentasi (4, 8, 12 dan 16 hari) terhadap mutu pikel jamur merang. Penelitian menunjukkan setiap perlakuan tidak berpe- ngaruh nyata terhadap pH dan kekerasan pikel jamur merang. Campuran kultur L. plantarum dan L. brevis memiliki total asam tertinggi pada cairan dan pada pikel (tidak berbeda nyata dengan fermentasi spontan). Sedangkan kandungan total asam volatil tertinggi pada lama fermentasi 8 hari. Semakin lama waktu fermentasi total padatan ter- larut semakin menurun. Sedangkan padatan terlarut terendah diperoleh pada kultur L. plantarum, yaitu 2.2°Brix. Uji mikrobiologi menunjukkan penambahan kultur Lacto- bacillus plantarum memiliki total bakteri dan total bak- teri asam laktat tertinggi yaitu 7.66 dan 7.47 1og kolo-...
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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