Judul: Reef and Benthic Fish Communities in the Coral Reef Ecosystem of Pramuka Island, Seribu Islands
Abstrak: Komunitas ikan terumbu karang di Pulau Pramuka memanfaatkan habitat bentik sebagai tempat tinggal dan mencari makan. Keberagaman jenis ikan memungkinkan interaksi dengan berbagai bentuk komunitas bentik yang mendukung sifat ekologisnya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengkaji keterkaitan antara keberadaan ikan karang berdasarkan famili dengan komposisi komunitas bentik yang berada di Pulau Pramuka. Metode yang digunakan yaitu metode Line Intersect Transect untuk mengambil sampel komunitas bentik dan Underwater Visual Census untuk mengambil sampel komunitas ikan. Metode analisis koresponden juga digunakan untuk mencari hubungan antara kedua komunitas. Delapan kategori komunitas bentik ditemukan, dengan persentase tutupan tertinggi dimiliki oleh HC (7-75%). Ditemukan 9 lifeform HC, dengan persetase tutupan tertinggi dimiliki oleh CM (11-39%) dan CF (8-33%). Kelimpahan ikan karang ditemukan sebanyak 1057 individu yang terdiri dari 62 spesies dan 34 genus ikan. Kelompok trofik serta fungsional group ikan yang memiliki kelimpahan terbesar dari famili ikan omnivora dan ikan mayor. Hasil analisis koresponden (CA) memberikan informasi sebesar 100%. Pengelompokan menunjukan hubungan antara karang keras dan karang lunak dengan ikan mayor, ikan herbivora, dan ikan planktivora, serta bentuk abiotik dengan ikan karnovira dan ikan dari famili Gobiidae., The coral reef fish community on Pramuka Island uses benthic habitat as a place to live and find food. The diversity of fish species allows interactions with various forms of benthic communities that support their ecological properties. The aim of this research is to examine the relationship between the presence of coral fish based on family and the composition of the benthic community on Pramuka Island. Line Intersect Transect methods are used to take Benthic data while Underwater Visual Census methods is for fish identification. The other is corresponden analysis methods for determine the relations between two communities Eight categories of benthic communities were found, with the highest percentage of cover belonging to HC (7-75%). Nine HC lifeforms were found, with the highest percentage of cover belonging to CM (11-39%) and CF (8-33%). The abundance of coral fish was found to be 1057 individuals consisting of 62 species and 34 genera of fish. The trophic and functional groups of fish that have the greatest abundance are from the omnivorous and major fish families. The results of correspondence analysis (CA) provide 100% information. The grouping shows the relationship between hard corals and soft corals with major fish, herbivorous fish and planktivorous fish, as well as abiotic forms with carnivoral fish and fish from the Gobiidae family.
Keyword: ikan Terumbu, bentik, terumbu karang, komunitas

Judul: Community Structure of Reef Fish in Coral Reef Ecosystem on Tidung Island, DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Ekosistem terumbu karang merupakan ekosistem produktif untuk perikanan dan organisme akuatik lainnya. Ekosistem terumbu karang menjadi habitat vital bagi komunitas ikan khususnya ikan terumbu. Ikan terumbu adalah komponen penting di lingkungan perairan, keberadaan komunitas ikan terumbu pada ekosistem terumbu karang penting untuk diketahui, karena peran dan fungsi secara ekologi ikan dalam menjaga kestabilan komunitas terumbu karang dan keseimbangan komponen penyusun ekosistem terumbu karang lainnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui struktur komunitas ikan terumbu di Pulau Tidung. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Pulau Tidung pada tanggal 9 - 12 Juni 2022. Metode pengambilan data ikan terumbu menggunakan Underwater Visual Census (UVC) dengan transek 50 meter, dan diletakkan tiga transek di setiap stasiunnya. Data ikan terumbu dianalisis dengan tiga indeks komunitas, yaitu indeks keanekaragaman, indeks keseragaman, dan indeks dominansi. Hasil penelitian ditemukan 3982 individu ikan terumbu, 24 famili dan 91 spesies. Komposisi ikan indikator sebesar 2,44%, target 17,20%, dan ikan mayor sebesar 80,36% dari total individu yang ditemukan. Nilai rata-rata indeks keanekaragaman 2,77, keseragaman sebesar 0,88, dan dominansi 0,08. Nilai ini menunjukkan bahwa kondisi komunitas ikan terumbu di Pulau Tidung tergolong baik, stabil, dan tidak ada dominansi antar spesies., Coral reef ecosystems are productive ecosystems for fisheries and other aquatic organisms. Coral reef ecosystems are vital habitats for fish communities, especially reef fish. Reef fish are important components in the aquatic environment, the existence of coral fish communities in coral reef ecosystems is important to know, because of the ecological role and function of fish in maintaining the stability of coral reef communities and the balance of other components of coral reef ecosystems. This study aims to determine the structure of the reef fish community on Tidung Island. This research was conducted on Tidung Island from 9 June to 12 June 2022. The reef fish data collection method uses Underwater Visual Census (UVC) with a 50 meter transect, and placed three transects at each station. Reef fish data were analyzed with three community indices, namely diversity index, uniformity index, and dominance index. The results of the study found 3982 individuals of reef fish, 24 families and 91 species. The composition of indicator fish is 2,44%, target is 17,20%, and major fish is 80,36% of the total individuals found. The average value of diversity index is 2,77, uniformity is 0,88, and dominance is 0,08. This value indicates that the condition of the reef fish community on Tidung Island is good, stable, and there is no dominance between species.
Keyword: Community structure, reef fish, Tidung Island, Underwater Visual Census

Judul: Effect of Spray Drying Conditions on Physical and Chemical Properties of Dried Green Tea Extract (Camellia sinensis var. Oolong No 12).
Abstrak: The effect of spray drying conditions on physical and chemical dried green tea (Camellia sinensis var. Oolong No 12) extract were observed. Tea extract was prepared from milled dried tea, dissolved in hot water at temperature 90°C and ratio of dried tea to water 1: 20 (w / v). The time of extraction used was 60 minutes, and pH value was 5.0. Then, tea extract was concentrated with ice maker machine until reached 3, 6 and 9% of total solid, and dried with spray drier with condition inlet air temperatures were 180, 200, 220°C, outlet air temperatures was controlled 75°C, blower speed was adjusted in 2500 rpm. The physical analysis, such as bulk density, color, solubility, hygroscopicity, and the chemical analysis, such as moisture content, total polyphenols content, antioxidant activity (DPPH assay), catechins, and caffeine content were determined. Results showed that different solid concentration of 3, 6, 9% in feed and inlet air temperatures of 180, 200, and 220˚C affected the variation of physical and chemical properties of green tea powder. An increase inlet air temperature, resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in bulk density, hygroscopicity, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity. An increase of solid concentration in feed gave an increase in tea powder solubility, L, a, b value, and antioxidant activity. However, the total polyphenols contents were not affected by the increase. The condition of feed concentrated to 3% and inlet temperature at 220˚C was evaluated with the highest of physical, chemical results and the highest of kg water removal/hour by spray dryer.
Keyword: Green tea, tea powder, freeze concentration, spray dryer