Judul: Agribusiness competency development of cocoa farmers at konawe regency in Southeast Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: The objectives of this research were to identifity the level of agribusiness competency of cocoa farmers; to analyze the factors that influence its competency; to explain model agribusiness competency of cocoa farmers of dry land farming; and to formulate effective extension development planned and community empowerment to increase productivity and earning. The research was conducted from August 2009 to January 2010 at the center area of cocoa production Konawe Regency in Southeast Sulawesi Province. The population were cocoa farmers on dry land in cocoa production center. Sample based on the method of “Stratified Random Sampling” using the Slovin formula (0.08 error), the total sample were 180 respondents. Data were collected by using questionnaires, observation, indepth interview, and documentation study. The results of this research showed that the level of agribusiness competencies of cocoa farmers are influenced by internal farmers characteristics, within the external factors of extension activities, empowerment intervention and enviroment variables with t value (< 0.05). The level of competency cocoa farmers in agribusiness, with the coefficient (R2= 0.613). The study proposed recommendation for extension development and communities empowerment to improve of agribusiness competence of cocoa farmers, conducted with the participatory- learning and action (PLA).
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Judul: The Regional Economic Model for Cocoa Beans Commodity of Central Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: The aim of the study was to develop a model for the economy of Central Sulawesi Province that bases on cocoa beans commodity Methods of analysis used were R/C ratio, significance test, production function, scale analysis, price efficiency analysis, game theory, logit model, S-C-P model, marketing margin analysis, fixed effect model, constant market share, shift share analysis, Gini ratio, and Theil Index. Data used were time series data 1985 – 2008 by regency about cocoa, population, prices and consumer price index, GDRP, income and its distribution, GDP and population of Malaysia and USA. Furthermore primary data were used too. It was taken by purposive and un-proportional stratified random sampling technique, so that 160 farmers and 46 traders were interviewed. The study developed a model for Sulteng economy that bases cocoa beans commodity. Based on the model, the effect of demand side has been dominated growth of the region economy. On the contrary, in the world economic crisis, the supply side can be traded on. The study recommended (i) program of empowerment for farmers in field of market information; (ii) program of development for marketing institutional of cocoa beans at farm level; (iii) the export volume of cocoa beans to Malaysia shall be increased, so the subsidy policy for factor inputs indirectly like in the Cocoa Gernas Program shall be maintained until condition of farmers stand alone financially; (iv) the economic growth that was pushed by supply side shall be increased by planning of regional economic growth that base cocoa beans. The planning will empty into a training program of cultivation technology, time after cocoa harvest (pascapanen), and cocoa institutional. Finally, some continuation studies that will be made compulsory are (i) participatory research for model development of the cocoa marketing institutional at farm level; (ii) experimental research (game theory) for verifying institutional conclusions of this study; (iii) simulation study that will refer to natural resources (agro-ecology); and (iv) revision study for the regional economy model of cocoa beans that was developed in this study, especially block model II.
Keyword: model ekonomi, ekonomi wilayah, komoditi kakao biji, sulawesi tengah

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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