Judul: Pendugaan Salinitas di Muara untuk Keperluan Irigasi Tambak dengan Model Analitik
Abstrak: Produktivitas tambak di beberapa tempat di Indonesia umumnya masih rendah. Produktivitas tambak dapat ditingkatkan dengan berbagai cara, antara lain dengan intensifikasi terutama masalah kualitas airnya. Pada budidaya tambak tradisional sistem percampuran air asin dengan air tawar adalah alami, tidak teratur dan terjadi di muara sungai, sehingga tingkat salinitas tidak terkontrol.
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Judul: Studi model sebaran salinitas dan karakteristik beberapa parameter fisika-kimia air pertambakan di Desa Muara dan Muara Baru Kecamatan Cilamaya Kabupaten Karawang
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan di pantai wilayah Desa Muara dan Muara Baru, Kecamatan Cilamaya Kabupaten Karawang. Tepatnya pada daerah (komplek) tanah timbul dan Sungai Kalen Bawah dalam bulan Pebruari - April 1993. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari model sebaran empiris salinitas, yaitu hubungan antara jarak terhadap sebaran salinitas pada air sungai dan saluran irigasi buatan. Serta mengamati beberapa paremeter fisika dan kimia pada Sungai Kalen Bawah dan wilayah pertambakan di sekitarnya, untuk mendapatkan kondisi pertambakan yang optimal. Model sebaran salinitas itu kemudian diaplikasikan dalam program simulasi Bahasa BASIC untuk menghitung fluktuasi salinitas dan sediaan air terhadap kebutuhan irigasi tambak. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan menerapkan pendekatan analitik yang diturunkan secara matematik untuk sebaran salinitas. Dari persamaan yang didapatkan dianalisis secara statistik dengan menggunakan aplikasi regresi linier dan eksponensial. Untuk memperkuat keshahihan model dilakukan uji signifikasi (uji F) dan uji kesamaan dua buah regresi (uji Chow). Sedangkan parameter lain dianalisis secara statistik non parametrik atau statistik diskriptif. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kondisi pasang surut pantai Cilamaya termasuk tipe campuran cenderung ganda, dengan tinggi (elevasi) pasut berfluktuasi antara 20-90 cm. Kondisi pasut kurang memenuhi syarat pertambakan intensif, dilihat dari tinggi (beda fase) rata-rata perhari. Idealnya proses keluar masuknya air laut ke tambak harus dibantu dengan menggunakan pompa untuk mendapatkan hasil yang optimal.
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Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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