Judul: Antibiotic Resistance in Klebsiella spp. Isolated from Dog in Vetopet Clinic and House of Blessing Dog Shelter
Abstrak: Klebsiella spp. merupakan bakteri Gram negatif dan bersifat patogen potensial pada anjing. Penggunaan antibiotik yang tidak bijak dalam mengobati infeksi bakteri dapat menyebabkan masalah resistansi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi gambaran resistansi Klebsiella spp. yang diisolasi dari anjing di Klinik Vetopet dan House of Blessing Dog Shelter terhadap beberapa jenis antibiotik. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari koleksi sampel, isolasi, identifikasi, dan uji resistansi antibiotik menggunakan metode disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer berdasarkan Clinical and Laboratory Standar Institute 2021. Antibiotik yang diuji terdiri dari amoksisilin-asam klavulanat, ampisilin, doksisiklin, enrofloksasin, eritromisin, gentamisin dan metronidazol. Isolat Klebsiella spp. telah resistan terhadap metronidazol dan eritromisin. Doksisiklin, enrofloksasin, dan gentamisin masih sensitif terhadap Klebsiella spp.. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi acuan bagi dokter hewan dalam memilih jenis antibiotik untuk mengobati infeksi Klebsiella spp., Klebsiella spp. is a Gram negative bacteria and a potential pathogen in dogs. Unwise use antibiotic in treating bacterial infections can lead resistance problems. This study aims to identify illustrate the resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from dogs at the Vetopet Clinic and the House of Blessing Dog Shelter against several types of antibiotics. This research method consists of sample collection, isolation, identification, and antibiotic resistance test was conducted by Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method based on Clinical and Laboratory Standar Institute 2021. The antibiotics tested consisted of amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ampicillin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, gentamicin, and metronidazole. Isolates of Klebsiella spp. have been resistant to metronidazole and erythromycin. Doxycycline, enrofloxacin, and gentamicin are still sensitive to Klebsiella spp.. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for veterinarians in choosing the type of antibiotic to treat Klebsiella spp. infection.
Keyword: antibiotic, dogs, Klebsiella spp, resistance

Judul: Antibiotic resistance of Klebsiella spp. isolated from Cats at Several Animal Clinics in Bogor Regency
Abstrak: Klebsiella spp. merupakan salah satu bakteri yang dapat menyebabkan infeksi nosokomial. Klebsiella spp. dapat menyerang saluran pernapasan dan pencernaan kucing. Resistansi antibiotik dapat memperburuk kondisi dan memperlambat penyembuhan pasien yang terinfeksi bakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji resistansi berbagai jenis antibiotik pada Klebsiella spp. yang diisolasi dari kucing rawat inap dan rawat jalan di klinik hewan di Kabupaten Bogor. Metode penelitian ini terdiri dari koleksi sampel, isolasi dan identifikasi, serta uji resistansi dengan metode disk diffusion Kirby-Bauer. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat resistansi isolat Klebsiella spp. berbeda-beda pada setiap antibiotik uji. Isolat uji menunjukkan resistan terhadap ampisilin, sefotaksim, doksisiklin, metronidazol, dan eritromisin. Isolat Klebsiella spp. masih tergolong sensitif terhadap antibiotik aztreonam, gentamisin, enrofloksasin, dan amoksisilin. Terdapat 9 isolat yang terindikasikan sebagai multi-drug resistance., Klebsiella spp. is one of the bacteria that can cause nosocomial infections. Klebsiella spp. could infect the respiratory and digestive tract of the cat. Antibiotic resistance can aggravate the condition and slow the healing of patients who infected by bacteria. This study aims to test the resistance of various types of antibiotics on Klebsiella spp. isolated from cats at several animal clinics in Bogor Regency. This research method consists of sample collection, isolation and identification, and antibiotic resistance tests with the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The isolates showed resistance to ampicillin, cefotaxime, doxycycline, metronidazole, and erythromycin. The isolate still classified as sensitive to the antibiotics aztreonam, gentamicin, enrofloxacin, and amoxicillin. There are 9 isolates classified as multidrug-resistance.
Keyword: Antibiotic, cat, Klebsiella spp., resistance

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
Keyword: