Judul: Kajian Struktur Anatomi dan Sifat Fisis Kayu Balik Angin (Alphitonia excelsa): A Lesser Known Species from Kalimantan
Abstrak: Scarcity of wood supply for wood industries in Indonesian could be solved by searching several potential of wood species from natural forest. Among them, balik angin (Alphitonia excelsa) is one of the promising species since it belongs to faster grown lesser known wood species and abundant. To promote this species effectively, its anatomical structure and physical properties have to be studied. From the research it was showed that heartwood and sapwood are almost similar in colour (light gray), decorative (“V”-type), medium and even textured, straight grain, smooth, lustrous, medium hardness and odourless. Microscopic characteristics are 1, 4, 7, 9, 10, 13, 22, 30, 44, 47, 53, 56, 61, 65, 66, 69, 78, 79, 93, 97, 106, 109, 138, 153 and has resin material within the ray parenchyma cells. Average values of fiber length, moisture content, wood density, specific gravity, and MFA were 1042.84 μm, 13.03%, 0.49 g/cm3, 0.43 and 17.1˚, respectively. Fiber quality of this wood belonged to class of II-III with strength class of III.
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Judul: Karakteristik Struktur Anatomi Bagian Kayu Tarik dan Kayu Opposite pada Kayu Balik Angin (Alphitonia excelsa)
Abstrak: Wood is a very variable substance, with differences occurring among species and genera, within a species as well as within each individual tree because of a metabolism product. Wood variability becomes higher if the stem contains tension wood. The purpose of this study was to analyze anatomical structure, fiber quality and some physical properties of Alphitonia excelsa tension wood and compare them to those of the opposite one. Demarcation between juvenile and mature wood will also be assessed based on their fiber length, wood density, and microfibril angle. The results showed that there are differences in anatomical characteristics, physical properties, and the quality of the wood fibers between tension wood and opposite wood, except for fiber length, texture, color, grain, odour and taste, rays, perforation plate, and porosity. Average microfibril angle in tension wood was 23.81º, while in opposite wood was 26.23º in average. Moisture content, wood density, and specific gravity on tension wood region tended to be 6.5%, 11.63% and 13.16% higher than those of its opposite wood region.
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Judul: Desain Instrumen Pengontrol Otomatis Pasteurisasi Susu
Abstrak: Pasteurisasi merupakan salah satu cara pengawetan ter- hadap susu segar sebelum disimpan pada suhu rendah atau langsung dikonsumsi. Caranya adalah dengan memanaskan sam- pai mencapai suhu minimal 62.8 atau 71.7 °C yang diperta- hankan tetap selama 1800 atau 15 detik. Kombinasi suhu dan waktu dapat dipilih sesuai dengan kemampuan alat. Makin tinggi suhu yang dipilih makin pendek waktunya. Melalui proses pasteurisasi, rasa dan aroma susu tidak berubah dan seluruh bakteri penyebab penyakit (bakteri pa- togen) musnah. Berdasarkan kombinasi suhu-waktu, pasterisasi susu di- bedakan atas tiga metoda, yaitu metoda waktu lama (long hold), temperatur tinggi waktu pendek (HTST) dan temperatur tinggi (UHT). Suhu pasteurisasi dengan metoda waktu lama minimal 62.8 °C yang dipertahankan tetap selama paling se- dikit 1800 detik. Sedang HTST suhu minimalnya adalah 71.7 °C dengan waktu 15 detik atau lebih lama. Pada UHT waktu yang diperlukan adalah dua detik atau lebih singkat dengan suhu 87.8 - 132.2 °C. Pemakaian kombinasi suhu-waktu yang melebih dari ke- tentuan minimalnya akan mempengaruhi rasa, aroma, komposisi ...
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