Judul: Preference Study Of Old Pigtail Macaques (Macaca nemestrina) Towards New Environtmental Enrichment in Primate Research Center IPB
Abstrak: Beruk or pigtail macaques (Macaca nemestrina) is one of the Indonesian nonhuman primates that has an important role in biomedical research. Fulfilling animal welfare for macaques in research and captive facilities is an important thing that must be implemented. This study aims to examine the preferences or interests of the pigtail macaques for environmental enrichment in the form of provision of vegetables, tubers and fruits based on the behavior patterns and activities of five macaques in colonies kept at the research animal facility of the Primate Research Center of IPB. Behavioral observation was carried out using the scan animal sampling method on eating, inactive, foraging, object manipulation, fighting, aggressive behavior, social interaction, abnormal behavior, and others. The results showed that pigtail macaques had an interest when provided long beans, kale, sweet potatoes smeared with honey, and watermelon which were given in agar. This is characterized by the dominance of eating and foraging behaviors shown during the period of environmental enrichment provision. Based on the duration of feeding, foraging and object manipulation activities, the order of the monkeys' interest in environmental enrichment objects from high to low consists of sweet potatoes smeared with honey, long beans, watermelon in agar, and water spinach. Keywords: Animal welfare, environmental enrichment, macaca nemestrina, preference, scan animal sampling.
Keyword: animal welfare, environtmental enrichment, Macaca nemestrina, Preference, Scan animal sampling

Judul: The principles of animal welfare on the use of Southern pig-tailed macaque (Macaca nemestrina) at Macaca nemestrina Training Place, Pariaman Town
Abstrak: Beruk merupakan jenis monyet yang mempunyai ekor pendek seperti ekor babi, sehingga sering disebut pigtail monkey. Beruk termasuk ke dalam kategori Endangered oleh International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Salah satu pemanfaatan beruk dilakukan di tempat pelatihan beruk, Kota Pariaman. Beruk dilatih untuk dimanfaatkan menjadi rekan kerja di perkebunan kelapa. Pemanfaatan beruk sebaiknya tetap mengacu pada prinsip kesejahteraan hewan dimana satwa liar harus dipelihara pada lingkungan yang dapat memberikan pilihan bagi satwa untuk dapat berperilaku seperti di habitanya. Studi pustaka ini bertujuan mengetahui prinsip-prinsip kesejahteraan hewan dan dampaknya terhadap pemanfaatan beruk di tempat pelatihan beruk. Data yang dikumpulkan dianalisis dan dibandingkan dengan hasil penelitian lainnya secara naratif deskriptif. Prinsip lima kebebasan menjadi parameter kesejahteraan beruk yaitu bebas dari rasa lapar dan haus, bebas dari rasa tidak nyaman, bebas dari rasa sakit, luka dan penyakit, bebas dari rasa takut dan stress, dan bebas untuk mengekspresikan tingkah laku alamiah. Hasil analisis menunjukan bahwa pemenuhan prinsip kesejahteraan hewan pada pemanfaatan beruk di tempat pelatihan beruk masih belum memadai. Kesejahteraan hewan yang buruk dapat berdampak pada kesehatan dan pemeliharaan hewan tersebut, Macaca nemestrina (beruk) is a type of monkey that has a short tail like a pig-tailed. Therefore, it is often called by pigtail monkey. The International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) listed Southern pigtailed macaques into endangered category. One of the uses of Southern pig-tailed macaque was carried out at Beruk training place, Pariaman City. Southern pigtailed macaques were trained to be used as working partners in the coconut plantations. The use of Southern pig-tailed macaques should be appropriate where the wild animals must be kept in an environment that could provide choices for animals to behave the same as in their own habitat. This study aims to determine the principles of animal welfare and the use of Southern pig-tailed macaques at Beruk training place. The collected data will be analyzed and compared to the result of other studies by a descriptive narrative. The five freedoms of animal welfare will be a parameter of Southern pig-tailed macaques’ welfare, namely freedom from hunger and thirst, freedom from discomfort, freedom from pain, injury and disease, freedom from fear and distress, and freedom to express normal behavior. The results of analysis showed that the principles of animal welfares in the use of macaques at beruk training place is not fulfilled. The lack of animal welfare could affect to the animals health and well being
Keyword: animal welfare, Macaca nemestrina, beruk training place

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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