Judul: Keanekaragaman Simplisia Nabati dan Produk Obat Tradisional yang Diperdagangkan di Kota Padang, Sumatera Barat
Abstrak: The utilization of plants as traditional medicine has been known from generation to generation and continued to grow up until now. Nowadays, medicinal plants are often used in the form of simplisia. Simplisia was natural material which have not undergone a change of form and can be used as medicine. The aim of this research was to identified kinds of simplisia vegetable, traditional medicinal products, the origin of supply and also the simplisia’s price that had been traded in Padang City. Data collection was done by direct observation and interview method. The result showed that there are 142 medicinal plant species from 56 families which is traded as simplisia. Most medicinal plants sold in the form of simplisia were obtained from plants that grows wild in the nature and also from cultivation. Simplisia from the wild have price between Rp2 000 to Rp5 000 / bunch. This price is still too low considering that there are some simplisia from the forest which has been categorized as rare plants, such as pulosari (Alyxia reinwardtii) and pulai (Alstonia scholaris). Traditional medicinal products traded in Padang city were produced by home industries, medium-scale industries, and top-scale industries in Java. There are 53 kinds of traditional medicinal products from 9 traditional medicine industries in Indonesia.
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Judul: Keanekaragaman simplisia nabati dan produk obat tradisional di Kota Pematangsiantar dan Kabupaten Simalungun, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: The utilization of medical plants as traditional medicine is a great inherintance which has been used until present. Medicinal plants used in the form of vegetable simplisia and traditional medicine products. This study aims to identified the form an diversity of vegetable simplisia and traditional medicine product, traditional medicine products traded, the selling price and origin of the traded vegetable simplisia supply and the potential for sustainable management of medicinal plants as vegetable simplisia. Data and information are collected in Pematangsiantar and Simalungun, North Sumatera using direct observation and interviews with purposive sampling. The results show that 113 species of medicinal plants come from 46 families that dominated by Zingiberaceae. Vegetable simplisia dominated by herb life form and simplisia leaf (folium) are organ of the most used medicinal plants as medicine by local communities and the traders medicinal plants. The majority of medicinal plants traded and local communities utilized are cultivated plants which selling price around Rp 16 000-Rp 700 000 each kilogram. There were included 22 spesies medicinal plants of threatened category according to IUCN, CITES LIPI, and Permen LHK No. P.106 Year 2018.
Keyword: Pematangsiantar, Simalungun, traditional medicine, vegetable simplisia

Judul: Lawson Criterion Analysis of D-3He Fusion Reaction
Abstrak: Reaksi fusi merupakan reaksi penggabungan dua inti atom ringan menjadi inti atom baru yang lebih berat dengan melepas sejumlah energi. Kriteria Lawson sebagai syarat penting dalam reaksi fusi berkelanjutan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kriteria Lawson pada reaksi fusi D-³He dengan temperatur 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 keV, pengaruh radiasi bremsstrahlung dan reaktivitas fusi menggunakan parameter Hively dan Bosch-Hale. Nilai reaktivitas Hively berada dalam rentang 1,121 × 10^(-22) – 1,726 ×10^(-22) m^3/s, tidak jauh berbeda dengan reaktivitas Bosch-Hale yaitu 1,208 × 10^(-22) – 1,718 × 10^(-22) m^3/s. Reaktivitas fusi mempengaruhi kriteria Lawson, yaitu berada dalam rentang 1,110 × 10^21 – 1,452 × 10^21 s/m^3. Nilai tersebut menunjukkan waktu kungkungan dan kerapatan plasma yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan energi yang menguntungkan pada temperatur 75 – 100 keV sehingga fusi mencapai tahap ignition, Fusion reaction is a reaction where two light atomic nuclei merge into a new heavier atomic nucleus by releasing some energy. Lawson criterion is an important condition for sustainable fusion reactions. This study aims to determine Lawson criterion for the D-³He fusion reaction with temperatures of 75, 80, 85, 90, 95, 100 keV, the effect of bremsstrahlung radiation, and fusion reactivity using Hively and Bosch-Hale parameters. Hively's reactivity value is in the range of 1,121 × 10^(-22) – 1,726 ×10^(-22) m^3/s , not so much different from Bosch-Hale’s reactivity of 1,208 × 10^(-22) – 1,718 × 10^(-22) m^3/s. Fusion reactivity affects Lawson criterion which is in the range of 1,110 × 10^21 – 1,452 × 10^21 s/m^3. This value indicates the confinement time and plasma density required to produce net energy at a temperature of 75 – 100 keV so that fusion reaches the ignition stage.
Keyword: kriteria Lawson, radiasi bremsstrahlung, reaksi fusi, reaktivitas fusi, Lawson criterion, bremsstrahlung radiation, fusion reaction, fusion reactivity