Judul: Mercury Toxicity and It’s Effect on Histopathology Change of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).
Abstrak: Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of fish species that oportunity to contaminated with mercury. The effects of pollutants can damage living organisms organs and can cause death. The effects caused mercury had acute or chronic character. The aims of this study are to determine threshold and acute toxicity of mercury chloride (HgCl2) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), to assess the effect of mercury chloride (HgCl2) on several biometric parameters (survival, growth rate of average daily weighted, liver condition, bile and reproductive variability of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), assess the level of damage to the histological structure of the gills, liver and kidney of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) caused mercury chloride (HgCl2) exposure. This study was conducted from February to June 2013. Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were used in this study were female with average weight 20 grams or 11-13 cm length range. Toxicant materials used in this study was mercury chloride (HgCl2). Fish were reared in each aquarium 60x40x30 containing 48 liters of water. This study consists of three stages: a preliminary test, acute test, and sub-chronic test. To determine the changes in biometric condition of tilapia approximated by measuring the survival rate (SR), the growth rate of average daily weight , the content of mercury in the fish organs, hepatosomatic index (HSI), the relative bile volume (VER), gonadal soamtic index (IKG), fecundity and oocit diameter, tissue damage caused by mercury in fish organs by making histological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The median lethal concentration (96 hr, LC50) of Mercury Chloride was calculated as 1,64 mgL--1.The survival rate was highest in the control treatment (46,67 %) . Mercury chloride with concentration 0.196 mgL--1 show significant effect to changes HSI and relative bile volume, and oocyte diameter of Nile tilapia (p < 0,05). Mercury chloride with a concentration of 0,164 mgL-1 and 0,196 mgL-1 have not a significant effect on the growth rate of weight, gonadal somatic index and fecundity of Nile tilapia (p > 0,05). Mercury chloride cause damage to gills (hyperplasia, hypertrophy, proliferation and neukrosis), liver (hyperplasia, hemorhage, shrinkage of hepatocytes, proliferation and neukrosis) and kidney (hyperplasia, hemorrhage, shrinkage of the glomerulus, proliferation and neukrosis).
Keyword: Nile tilapia, Hepatosomatic indexs (HSI), histopathology

Judul: Gene Expression and Blood Profiles of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Resistant to Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: Salah satu kendala yang sering terjadi dalam budidaya ikan nila adalah penyakit bakterial yang disebabkan oleh bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila. Usaha yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengurangi dampak infeksi bakteri patogen adalah dengan melakukan evaluasi respons imun secara molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respons imun ikan nila (Oreochromis niloticus) terhadap infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila berdasarkan ekspresi gen mhc1, lisozim (lysc), dan interleukin (il1b) serta gambaran darah di jaringan hati ikan pascainfeksi. Perlakuan infeksi diberikan melalui penyuntikan ikan nila dengan 0,1 mL bakteri A. hydrophila dosis LD50 secara intramuskular, dan pada ikan kontrol dilakukan penyuntikan dengan 0,1 mL PBS. Selanjutnya dilakukan isolasi jaringan, analisis darah, ekstraksi RNA dan sintesis cDNA, serta analisis ekspresi gen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pada ikan yang diinfeksi A. hydrophila memiliki tingkat kelangsungan hidup sebesar 21,42%, sedangkan pada ikan kontrol tidak ditemukan kematian. Ekspresi gen mhc1,lysc dan il1b ikan nila resistan cenderung lebih tinggi daripada ikan nila yang rentan pascainfeksi A. hydrophila. Gambaran darah yang meliputi hematokrit, jumlah eritrosit, leukosit dan kadar hemoglobin pada ikan nila tahan infeksi (resistan) A. hydrophila menunjukkan kecenderungan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan ikan nila yang tidak tahan infeksi (rentan)., One of the obstacles that often occurs in tilapia cultivation is bacterial disease caused by the bacteria Aeromonas hydrophila. Efforts that can be made to reduce the impact of pathogenic bacterial infections include conducting a molecular evaluation of the immune response. This study aims to evaluate the immune response of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to A. hydrophila infection based the expression of mhc1, lysozyme (lysc), and interleukin (il1b) genes and on blood profiles in the liver tissue after infection. Infection treatment was given by injecting tilapia fish with 0.1 mL of the LD50 dose of A. hydrophila bacteria intramuscularly, and control fish were injected with 0.1 mL of PBS. Then, tissue isolation, blood analysis, RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, and gene expression analysis were carried out. The results of the study showed that fish infected with A. hydrophila had a survival rate of 21.42%, while no deaths were found in control fish. The expression of the mhc1, lysc, and il1b genes in resistant tilapia tended to be higher than in susceptible fish after A. hydrophila infection. Blood profiles including hematocrit, number of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and hemoglobin levels in resistant tilapia to A. hydrophila infection tends to have higher level compared to susceptible fish.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, Oreochromis niloticus, il1b, lysc

Judul: Keragaan dan Rencana Pengembangan Usaha KUD Mandiri Inti Bina Warga Kecamatan Subang, Kabupaten Subang, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Salah satu koperasi yang bergerak di wilayah pedesaan adalah Koperasi Unit Desa (KUD). KUD dimaksudkan untuk mewadahi proses pengalokasikan sumber daya di pedesaan secara optimal. Dengan demikian KUD akan menjadi pusat pelayanan bagi anggotanya dan masyarakat sekitarnya, juga menjadi alat penumbuhan dan sekaligus perangsang pertumbuhan wilayah pedesaan yang bersangkutan.
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