arulpm/tripletsmall huggingface dataset:
Judul: Karakteristik Kimia Kulit Buah Kapuk Randu sebagai Bahan Energi Biomassa
Abstrak: Kapuk fruit’s hull is one of the potential biomass as an alternative renewable energy. The aims of this research is to characterize kapuk fruit’s hull for biomass energy resources based on the analysis of its chemical components (holocellulose, α-cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, and extractives contents) and proximate analysis (moisture content, volatile matter, ash, fixed carbon, and calorific value). Kapuk fruit’s hulls samples were taken from West, Central, and East Java. Calorific value of kapuk fruit’s hull positively correlated with lignin, extractives, and fixed carbon, however it negatively correlated with holocellulose, hemicelluloses, ash and volatile matter. Generally, kapuk fruit’s hull has good characteristics for biomass energy. Based on the chemical characteristics and calorific value, kapuk fruit’s hull from West Java is better than that from Central and East Java.
Keyword: proxymate analysis., chemicals component, calorific value, biomass energy, kapuk fruit’s hull

Judul: Sifat Kimia dan Proksimat Biomassa Lima Jenis Kulit Kayu.
Abstrak: Karakterisasi sifat kimia kulit kayu sebagai bahan baku energi biomassa dilakukan untuk eksplorasi sumber energi alternatif terbarukan yang berpotensi menjadi substitusi energi fosil. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji kadar komponen kimia lima jenis kulit kayu dan pengaruhnya terhadap mutu biomassa sebagai bahan energi melalui uji proksimat. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu kulit kayu mindi, sengon, pinus, jati, dan mangium. Penentuan kadar komponen kimia kayu mengacu pada standar TAPPI dan Browning (1967). Analisis proksimat mengacu pada standar ASTM dan SNI. Biomassa kulit kayu memiliki nilai kalor tinggi berkisar 3665-4199 kkal/kg. Nilai kalor tersebut berkorelasi dengan kadar karbon terikat yang dipengaruhi positif oleh kadar lignin. Polisakarida kayu yang dinyatakan dengan holoselulosa, dan kadar abu cenderung berpengaruh negatif terhadap nilai kalor. Biomassa kulit kayu berpotensi sebagai bahan baku energi biomassa dan sebagai fortifikasi untuk meningkatkan mutu biomassa berkalor rendah.
Keyword: analisis proksimat, bioenergi, biomassa, komponen kimia, kulit kayu

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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Judul: Kinerja ekstrak jahe (Zingiber officinale Rosc) pada media pemeliharaan untuk meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup benih ikan gurami (Osphronemus goramy)
Abstrak: In the rearing of gurami larval size 2-3 cm had only 60% of survival rate within 21-45 days of culture. The purpose of this study is to determine the dose of ginger extract in medium to increase the survival rate of larval gurami (Osphronemus goramy). The material used is seven-day old larval gurami with 0,75 cm length, and 90-100 mm diameter of yolk egg. Treatments in this study are K (control), administrasion of ginger extract with doses: A (1,1 ppt), B (2,2 ppt), and C (3,3 ppt). The result showed that administration of ginger extract with dose 3,3 ppt given survival rate of 41,67% higher than control 19,63%
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Judul: Pemberian Ekstrak Batang Pisang Ambon (Musa paradisiaca) pada Media Pemeliharaan untuk Meningkatkan Kelangsungan Hidup Larva Ikan Gurame (Osphronemus goramy)
Abstrak: Larva phase is a critical period in the life cycle of the fish so that mortality is very high in this phase. The sap of stem banana contains tannins, saponins and flavonoids that used as antiseptic. The purpose of this study was to determine the dose of extract stem of banana (Musa paradisiaca) to increase survival rate fry of Giant Gouramy (Osphronemus gouramy) in rearing media. Seven-day old larvae Giant Gouramy (0.75+0.05 cm length) were reared in an aquarium 50 x 30 x 25 cm with density 5 fry/l. The doses of extract 0; 0.04; 0.08 and 0.12 g/l treatment were reared for 29 days. Dose of 0,12 g/l showed the highest survival of 93.3%, it was significantly higher (p<0,05) than the other doses (0; 0.04 and 0.08 g/l doses were 17.8%, 21.9% and 24.4%, respectively). During the maintenance, gaint gouramy were acquired disease caused by the fungi Aphanomyces sp. In the extract stem of banana with dose 0.12 g/l could increase survival of Giant Gouramy fry.
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Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
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Judul: Pengaruh berat jenis kayu dan diameter baud terhadap kekuatan sambungan bertampang dua dengan alat sambung baut pada kayu meranti merah (Shorea spp), Kayu kapur (Dryobalanops spp) dan kayu kempas (Koompassia malaccensis Maing)
Abstrak: Tujuan yang ingin dicapai adalah kekuatan sambungan bertampang dua yang mempunyai nilai optimal, sehingga penggunaan berat jenis kayu dan diameter baut dalam praktek di lapangan akan menjadi lebih mudah.
Keyword: kayu meranti

Judul: Studi mengenai sambungan baut pada kayu dari beberapa kelas perapatan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari kekuatan baut pada sambungan kayu dengan tiga batang kayu) berpenampang yang tengah dengan dua batang kayu sisinya, digunakan satu jenis kerapatan. terdiri dari tiga kelompok Kayu kerapatan (0.7-0.9) g/cm², II (0.5-0.7) g/cm² dan sama dua tebal (sambungan batang kayu setiap sambungan yang digunakan yaitu kelompok III g/cm². Ketebalan kayu terdiri dari tiga ukuran (0.3-0.5) ketebalan yaitu 3 cm, 4 cm dan 5 cm. Sudut sambungan dibentuk dalam lima bentuk sudut sambungan sebagai gaya dan arah serat yaitu 0°, 45°, Selain pengujian sambungan kayu Ientur baut, pengujian desak baut sudut 60°, antara arah dan 90°. pengujian pada dan 75 dilakukant terhadap kayu setiap kerapatan dengan ketiga macam ketebalan kayu, pengujian belah dari ketiga jenis Pengujian sambungan pembacaan sesaran dilakukan sampai 1.5 kelompok kerapatan. pembebanan dan pembebanan diamati sampai sambungan rusak. tekan dengan selanjutnya
Keyword: Wood working, Industry

Judul: Characterization and Expression of Tomato infectious chlorosis virus Coat Protein Gene in Escherichia coli
Abstrak: Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) is a member of Crinivirus genus. TICV infects tomato crop in Garut and Cipanas, West Java Indonesia. Tomato initially showed bright interveinal yellowing symptoms. The coat protein gene (CP-TICV) was amplified by RT-PCR from total RNA extracted from infected tomato leaves and the amplified fragment was cloned and completely sequenced. The fragment was subsequently subcloned into the pET-21b expression vector. The recombinant plasmid was transformed to Escherichia coli strain BL21(DE3)pLysS to express the coat protein. The coat protein fused to a 6xhistag, was purified by affinity chromatography using a NiNTA spin column. The identity of the purified protein was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. In this experiment, 792 bp of CP-TICV gene of TICV virus has been successfully cloned, sequenced, and expressed in E. coli. Based on nucleotide sequences alignment analysis, TICV-Indonesia strain showed 100% identity to TICV –Spain strain and 99% identity to North America, France, and California strains and based on amino acid sequences alignment analysis, TICV-Indonesia strain showed 100% identity to TICV –Spain, North America, France strains and 99.2% identity to California strain. CP-TICV showed over expressed in E. coli when it is induced with 1 mM IPTG and incubated at 37oC. Purified CP-TICV-Histag recombinants protein sized 29 kDa based on SDSPAGE analysis.
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Judul: Penapisan komponen antibakteri dan uji toksisitas dari spons perairan Taka Bonerate Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Wilayah perairan Taka Bonerate terletak di sekitar kepulauan Bonerate Laut Flores, wilayah initermasuk ke dalam wilayah Wallacea. Kekayaan flora dan fauna di wilayah Wallacea sangat beraneka ragam, hal ini dikarenakan wilayah Wallacea memiliki sejarah geografi yang unik. Salah satu biota lalutnya adalah spons. Spons merupakan hewan multiseluler sederhana penyusun ekosistem terumbu karang. Spons merupakan penghasil senyawa-senyawa bioaktif yang berguna dalam bidang farmasi dan kedoteran. Dalam rangka menemukan antibiotik baru perlu dilakukan penapisan komponen bioaktif (antibakteri) dari spons, khususnya spons yangberasal dari Taka Bonerate.
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Judul: Penapisan komponen antibakteri dari spons asal pulau Bonerate Sulawesi Selatan
Abstrak: Spons (Porifera) merupakan salah satu biota penyusun ekosistem terurnbu karang yang dapat diiembangkan dan dimanfaatkan sebagai senyawa antibakteri, antikanker, antioksidan dan penyakit infeksi. Perairan Pulau Bonerate merupakan salah satu perairan Indonesia yang kaya dengan keanekaragaman biota laut. Berbagai jenis biota laut seperti spons sangat potensial sebagai sumber bahan obat. Studi eksploratif mengenai jenis-jenis spons dari daerah ini dan potensi fmakologisnya masih jarang dilakukan. Dengan demikian perlu dilakukan kajian farmakologis (meliputi uji aktivitas antibakteri dan uji toksisitas) terhadap spons ini sebagai salah satu usaha untuk meningkatkan daya guna spons tersebut di masa yang akan datang.
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Judul: Analysis of Unequal Income Distribution with Cobb-Douglas Production Function
Abstrak: This paper studies the economic growth model by Moav (2002). Moav model shows the existence of unequal income distribution between low-income with high-income community. That kind of unequal income distribution is caused by uneven distribution of income. On this Moav model, there is one area called the threshold. Threshold becomes a benchmark to determining whether a society is categorized into low- or high- income community. The production function used in this paper is the Cobb-Douglas function. The dynamics of this model is described as difference equation of low-income, threshold, and high-income community. Simulation study on the model is carried out using Maple 13 and Mathematica 7.0 software. Overall, from the observed case, high-income community will reach a stable condition earlier, followed by the threshold, and then the low-income community.
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Judul: Kajian Termal Tungku Sekam pada Penerapan Penyulingan Minyak Atsiri Daun Cengkeh
Abstrak: Minyak atsiri daun cengkeh dihasilkan dengan menggunakan pemanas tungku sekam. Warna minyak atsiri daun cengkeh yang dihasilkan berwarna kuning - coklat tua sesuai dengan SNI 06-2387- 2006 dan nilai indeks bias minyak daun cengkeh yang dihasilkan adalah 1,5325 sampai 1,5341 masih berada pada rentang nilai indeks bias yang sesuai SNI 06-2387-2006 yaitu 1,528 sampai 1,535. Rendemen minyak daun cengkeh yang paling besar 2,7692 % dan yang paling kecil 1,0769 %. Debit yang dihasilkan dari penyulingan paling besar yaitu dengan debit rata-rata 0,038 ml/s, dan yang paling kecil yaitu 0,028 ml/s. Energi yang digunakan tungku sekam selama proses penyulingan paling besar adalah 7920 kcal dan yang terkecil 6765 kcal.
Keyword: Husk, clove oils, bias index, Energy

Judul: Studi Kemungkinan Penyulingan Minyak Daun Cengkeh di Ciawi - Bogor
Abstrak: Minyak atsiri merupakan salah satu hasil sisa dari proses metabolisme dalam tanaman yang terbentuk karena reaksi antara berbagai persenyawaan kimia dengan adanya air . Minyak etsiri dikenal juga dengan nama minyak eteris atau minyak terbang ( essential oil , volatileoil ) . Sifat - sifat minyak atsiri adalah mudah menguap pada suhu kamar tanpa mengalami dekomposisi , mempunyai rasa getir (pungent taste ) , berbau vangi sesuai dengan bau tanaman penghasilnya, umumnya larut didalam pelarut organik dan tidak larut dzlmair .
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Judul: Grup dan Homomorfisma Grup pada Rubik Revenge
Abstrak: Rubik cube is a kind of puzzle game. A player must arrange rubik sides, which have been disordered, back to the position where every side has the same colour. This paper does not focus on the settlement solution, but instead on proving the existence of a group homomorphism between rubik movement group and S96 symmetric permutation group in rubik revenge. Firstly, it has been proved that rubik movement set is a group. Then, it also has been proved that the M set, which contains numeric labels of 1 until 96 in cubinos sides, is S96 symmetric permutation group.
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Judul: Perilaku Komunikasi, Perilaku Wirausaha Peternak, dan Penyuluhan dalam Ssitem Agribisnis Peternakan Ayam
Abstrak: Sejak awal Pelita I, Indonesia telah menetapkan strategi pembangunan nasional dengan memilih sektor pertanian sebagai penggerak pembangunan nasional (agriculture led development strategy). Melalui pilihan pembangunan tersebut Indonesia telah mampu menyediakan fasilitas kesehatan, pendidikan, dan kecukupan pangan pokok pada setiap lapisan masyarakatnya serta telah mengantar Indonesia menjadi salah satu negara swasembada pangan beras tahun 1984. Keberhasilan ini tidak dapat dipisahkan dengan penyuluhan yang dilakukan oleh PPL dan pembentukan Badan Pengendali Bimas.
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Judul: Perilaku Agribisnis dan Kebutuhan Penyuluhan Peternak Ayam Ras Pedaging
Abstrak: Penyuluhan "Sistem Bimas" telah berhasil meningkatkan produksi dan produktivitas tanaman pangan serta menghasilkan perilaku komersial pada petani, tetapi bagaimana halnya pada peternak ayam ras pedaging yang dikenal telah bersifat industri. Perilaku komersial saja belum tentu cukup untuk meningkatkan keberhasilan agribisnis ayam ras pedaging.
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Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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Judul: Evaluasi Pemberian Ragi Bir Melalui Moina Terhadap Kinerja Pertumbuhan Larva Ikan Lele Clarias sp.
Abstrak: The objective of this research was to evaluate the application of Moina cultured with brewer’s yeast on growth performance of larval Clarias sp. Two-dayold larval were stocked into 80x30x35 cm of aquarium at density of 500 fish. The fishes were cultured for 21 days. During rearing period, larval were fed on silk worm or silk worm and Moina. Results showed that larval fed on combination of silk worm and Moina had the best growth performance this group of fish had higher percentage of big size fish.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), growh performance, brewer’s yeast, Moina, Clarias

Judul: Evaluasi Penambahan Ragi Limbah Produksi Bir dalam Pakan terhadap Kinerja Pertumbuhan dan Daya Tahan Ikan Lele Clarias sp. akibat Infeksi Aeromonas hydrophila
Abstrak: The purpose of the study was to test on field-scale the addition of brewer’s yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae which was considered as brewery by-product in feed on growth performance and immunity of catfish against the infection of Aeromonas hydrophila. Catfish weighed 2.09 ± 0.01 g with average length of 6.42 ± 0.07 cm were stocked in tarpaulin ponds 200 x 200 x 80 cm3 as much as 1.000 fish/pond with 2 treatments and 3 replications. Fish were fed commercial feed without brewer’s yeast addition (K), and brewer’s yeast added feed (RB) for 30 days and the growth response were observed. Fish were challenged in aquariums 60 x 30 x 25 cm3 using 3 treatments and 3 replications which consisted of K- (PBS injected fish), K+ (A. hydrophila injected fish), and RB (A. hydrophila injected fish). After injection, fish were fed K feed for 10 days and the mortality rate were observed. The results showed that feeding with RB feed increased the growth rate of the fish and decreased the feed conversion ratio. Cost analysis showed that RB treatment could decrease feed production cost toRp 33917 from Rp 39418 (control). Fish immunity were increased with increasing total blood leukocytes, suppressed A. hydrophila infection indicated by lighter clinical symptoms showed, and suppressed mortality rate (71.67%) compared to K+ (95.00%).
Keyword: Saccharomyces cerevisiae., growth, endurance, catfish, brewer's yeast, Aeromonas hydrophila

Judul: Zonasi kawasan konservasi Gunung Tampomas  di Sumedang Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Kawasan hutan negara di gunung Tampomas seluas 4 687,50 ha, terdiri atas taman wisata alam (TWA) seluas 1 250 ha, adalah kawasan hutan lindung dan hutan produksi PT Perhutani seluas 3 437.50 ha. Berbagai kepentingan terhadap gunung Tampomas menuntut pengalokasian ruang yang berpotensial, pengalokasian tersebut disebut dengan zonasi kawasan.
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Judul: Pengaruh sub-kronik Linear Alkylbenzen Sulfonate (LAS) terhadap stadia post larva udang vannamei Litopenaeus vannamei
Abstrak: Udang vannamei Litopenaeus vannamei merupakan organisme yang telah dapat dibudidayakan dan merupakan komoditas yang memiliki harga jual yang tinggi serta memiliki pangsa pasar yang luas.
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Judul: Kajian Toksisitas dan Bioakumulasi Surfaktan Deterjen Linear Alkylbenzena Sulfonate (LAS) pada Juvenil Udang Galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii)
Abstrak: Udang galah (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) adalah salah satu komoditas perikanan air tawar yang bernilai ekonomis penting. Namun dari tahun ke tahun kondisi kualitas air cenderung menurun akibat banyaknya pencemaran, sehingga berpotensi menimbulkan permasalahan bagi kegiatan budidaya udang galah. Salah satu bahan pencemar yang berpotensi membahayakan kehidupan organisme akuatik adalah surfaktan deterjen linear alkybenzena sulfonate (LAS). LAS merupakan bahan aktif deterjen yang paling banyak digunakan di Indonesia.
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Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology
Judul: Pengaruh Kerapatan CUrah Pengisis Kolom dan Jumlah Pengambilan Isolat terhadap Hasil Pemisahan Sitronellal dari Minyak Sereh Wangi (Andropogon nardus java de jong) dengan cara Penyulingan Bertingkat
Abstrak: Minyak sereh wangi mempunyai harga relatif lebih murah dibandingkan dengan harga komponen utamanya yaitu sitrorenellal . Harga minyak sereh wangi tercatat US$ 3.80 per kilogram, sedangkan harga sitorenellal meneapai IJS$ 7.00 - 10.00 per kilogram (TJhe, 1991). Dengan dernikian, proses pernisahan sitorenellal dari minyak sereh wangi dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah.
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Judul: Pengaruh kerapatan curah pengisi kolom dan jumlah pengambilan isolat terhadap hasil pemisahan sitronellal dari minyak sereh wangi (Andropogon nardus  Java de Jong) dengan cara penyulingan bertingkat
Abstrak: Minyak sereh wangi mempunyai harga relatif lebih murah dibandingkan yaitu sitronellal. dengan harga komponen utamanya Harga minyak. sereh wangi tercatat US$ 3.80 per kilogram, sedangkan harga sitronellal mencapai US$ 7.00 10.00 per kilogram (Uhe, 1991). Dengan demikian, proses pemisahan sitronelal dari minyak sereh wangi dapat meningkatkan nilai tambah. Metoda pemisahan komponen utama minyak sereh wangi dapat dilakukan dengan dua cara, yaitu cara kimiawi dan fisik. Pemisahan senyawa aldehida secara kimiawi dilakukan dengan menambahkan pereaksi natrium bisulfit (NaHSO3), sedangkan pemisahan secara fisik dilakukan dengan penyulingan bertingkat (Guenther, 1972). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh bentuk pengisi kolom fraksi yang sudah standar yang berbeda kerapatan curahnya dan jumlah pengambilan isolat terhadap hasil pemisahan sitronellal dari minyak sereh wangi (Andropogon nardus Java de Jong) dengan cara penyulingan bertingkat atau fraksinasi. ...
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Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model