Judul: Potency of Plantaricin from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum as Control of Foodborne Pathogenic Bacteria: Literature Review
Abstrak: Resistensi bakteri patogen bawaan makanan terhadap antibiotik merupakan salah satu masalah utama kesehatan di dunia. Eksplorasi berbagai strategi telah dilakukan termasuk pengembangan potensi plantarisin sebagai alternatif pengganti antibiotik. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengulas perkembangan penelitian dan aplikasi plantarisin sebagai agen antibakteri patogen bawaan makanan. Koleksi data dilakukan dengan studi pustaka dan diolah menggunakan metode literature review. Literatur ditelusuri melalui ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, dan ResearchGate. Mekanisme penghambatan dilakukan dengan menyerang membran sel target baik bersifat bakteriolitik maupun bakteriostatik. Berbagai uji in vivo dan in vitro telah dilaporkan dan menunjukkan potensi plantarisin dalam bidang biopreservasi hingga kandidat alternasi antibiotik untuk menyerang bakteri patogen., The resistance of foodborne pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics is one of the major health problems in the world. Various strategies have been explored, including the potential development of plantaricin as an alternative to antibiotics. This study aimed to review the development ofresearch and application of plantaricin as an antibacterial agent for foodborne pathogens. Data collection was carried out by literature studyand processed using a literature review method. Literature wassearched through ScienceDirect, PubMed, SpringerLink, and ResearchGate. The mechanism of inhibition is carried out by attacking the target cell membrane, both bacteriolytic and bacteriostatic. Various in vivo and in vitro assays have been reported and demonstrated the potential of plantaricin in the field of biopreservation and a candidate for alternative antibiotics to attack pathogenic bacteria.
Keyword: bacteriocin, plantaricin, resistance of bacteria, literature review

Judul: Produksi Bakteriosin Asal Lactobacillus plantarum sebagai Antimikrob dan Pengujian Ketahanannya terhadap Panas
Abstrak: Bacteriocin is commonly used to biopreservative agent in food. Bacteriocin is an antimicrobial substance that is capable to inhibit toward pathogenic and food borne bacteria. It was reported that indigenous isolate of Lactobacillus plantarum isolated from Indonesian local beef producing an antimicrobial substance (Arief et al., 2008). The objective of this research was to characterize the heat stability of plantaricin at pasteurization and sterilization temperature. The treatments were heat temperature (80 °C for 30 minutes and 121 °C for 15 minutes) and strains of Lactobacillus plantarum (2C12, 1A5, 1B1 and 2B2) usage. The variable was diameter of inhibition zone of antagonistic activity. Antimicrobial activity of plantaricin of Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12, 1B1, 2B2, and 1A5 did not lost after treated at 80 °C for 30 minutes or at 121 °C for 15 minutes. That result showed that plantaricin was stable at pasteurization and sterilization temperature. Plantaricin produced by strains of L. plantarum against indicator bacteria such as Pseudomonas ATCC 27853, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Salmonella enteriditis ser. Typhimurium ATCC 14028 had different activity each other. However, inhibition activity of plantaricin did not lead against Bacillus cereus. Stability of antimicrobial activity of plantaricin to inhibit indicator bacteria after heat treatment proved that plantaricin has a potential as food biopreservative.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh.
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. ,,,
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular.