Judul: Profil Antibodi IgM dan IgG pada Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) setelah Diinfeksi Virus Dengue Serotipe-3 (DEN-3) melalui Rute Intradermal
Abstrak: Profile of Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and IgG Antibodies in Pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) Infected by Dengue Virus Serotype-3 (DEN-3) by Intradermal Route.
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Judul: Profil Antibodi IgM dan IgG pada Beruk (Macaca nemestrina) setelah Diinfeksi Virus Dengue Serotipe-3 (DEN-3) melalui Rute Subkutan
Abstrak: This study was to compare the immune response in pig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina) induced by the dengue virus serotype-3 (DEN-3) via subcutaneous route. There are 3 groups of animal in the study. Group 1 (n=6) were infected by DEN-3 at low dose level of 104 PFU/ml, group 2 (n=6) were infected by DEN-3 at high dose level of 107-108 PFU/ml, and group 3 (n=4) were infected by PBS; all groups were innoculated by subcutaneous route. The blood samples were collected using venesectio method in femoralis vein on day 0 prior the infection followed by day 1 until day 13 post infection. IgM and IgG antibodies were detected by Indirect Enzym Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Dengue virus induced humoral immune respons producing antibodies. The antibody profile analyses showed different by individual animals, but similar in general. The IgM titer started to increase on day 4 or day 5 post infection and reached the peak on day 9 post infection and decline afterward; The IgG titer started to increase on day 7 or 8 post infection. In general the increase of IgM titer started earlier than the IgG and the titer of IgM was higher than the IgG.
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Judul: Pemanfaatan gas karbon tungku sekam untuk pengembangan kompor dengan bahan bakar campuran air dan bahan bakar nabati/bahan bakar fosil dengan metode kavitasi
Abstrak: The world's population continuously grows at a quarter million people per day. This fast growing population has raised the world energy consumption up to 474x1018 J per year with 80 to 90 percent derived from the combustion of fossil fuels. It is estimated that the fossil energy will be lasted in 42 years. Rice husk is an alternative of non-fossil energy that may be utilized in traditional way of cooking (burning it in a traditional stove). One of the renewable energy has great potential to overcome the energy crisis was utilization of rice husk to husk stove. However, the utilization of rice husks to generate carbon gas stove that quite a lot. Excessive concentration of carbon in the air is not a good for the environment, because the excees carbon released into the air can make climate change will complicate things even further. So, we need a new alternative to utilize carbon gases from burning the husk. The purpose of the utilization of carbon gases from burning rice husk is to create alternative energy that can reduce the release of carbon into the air as part of efforts to reduce global warming impact method used in the manufacture of alternative energy is the method by cavitation. In order to reduce the gas pollution the gas may be mixed with kerosene and water using sonochemical technique to produce dry steam, so the dry steam from cavitation process can be used as fuel. The process result can be done to boil 1 liter water with energy efficiency between 11.44% - 18.16%. The stove with fuel of waterbio ethanol using cavitation method can be used to boil 1 liter water with energy efficiency between 13.25% - 17.50%. Carbon flown on stove interfered toward energy efficiency and can accelerate boiling time of 1 liter water.
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