Judul: ANALYSIS OF STRUCTURE AND WAGE SCALE BASED ON THE TWO-POINT METHOD AT SMALL ENTERPRISES CULINARY SECTOR IN CIBINONG DISTRICT
Abstrak: Wabah pandemi Covid-19 yang terjadi di Indonesia sejak awal 2020 – 2023 mengakibatkan perekonomian tidak stabil. Namun, perekonomian di Indonesia mampu ditopang oleh UMKM. Berdasarkan hal tersebut, perlu adanya peningkatan kualitas UMKM tidak hanya dalam aspek penjualan namun sistem manajerial salah satunya melalui kompensasi. Permenaker No.1 Tahun 2017 mewajibkan setiap Usaha memiliki Struktur dan Skala Upah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis Struktur dan Skala Upah Usaha Kecil Kuliner menggunakan metode dua titik. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan Januari – Agustus 2023 di Kecamatan Cibinong. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode purposive samping dengan jumlah sampel 10 Usaha Kecil (104 karyawan).Struktur dan Skala Upah dianalisis melalui metode 2 titik menggunakan micesoft excel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa setiap Usaha Kecil sudah menggaji karyawan sesuai Struktur dan Skala Upah Rekomendasi karena sudah dalam keadaan inpaid sehingga Struktur dan Skala Upah dapat dijadikan sebagai acuan tanpa perlu adanya penambahan biaya operasional gaji
Keyword: Culinary, Financial Compensation, Small Enterprises, Structure and Wage Scale, Two-Point Method

Judul: Analysis and Design of a Compensation System Based on the Two-Point Method in Small Culinary Businesses in Bandung City
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak besar pada ekonomi global pada tahun 2020, menyebabkan kontraksi ekonomi di hampir semua negara G-20. Kehadiran UMKM menjadi kekuatan dalam pemulihan perekonomian Indonesia pasca Covid-19 dan berhasil mempertahankan pertumbuhan ekonomi sebesar 5% pada tahun 2022-2023. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi kompensasi, menganalisis keadilan eksternal dan internal, serta menyusun struktur dan skala upah pada Usaha Kecil Sektor Kuliner di Kota Bandung, Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini merupakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan sampel sebanyak 11 Usaha Kecil. Data yang digunakan merupakan data primer dan data sekunder. Metode analisis menggunakan analisis deskriptif dan metode dua titik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan usaha kecil UKBDG10 memberikan kompensasi tertinggi sebesar 81% dan dari keseluruhan jabatan yang ada, tujuh jabatan telah memenuhi UMP dan dua jabatan belum memenuhi. Adanya struktur dan skala upah yang ideal memberikan kompensasi yang efektif untuk usaha kecil sektor kuliner di area wisata di Kota Bandung., The COVID-19 pandemic had a significant impact on the global economy in 2020,causing economic contraction in nearly all G-20 countries. The presence of SMEs became a driving force in the recovery of Indonesia's economy post-COVID19, successfully maintaining economic growth at 5% in 2022-2023. This research aims to identify compensation, analyze external and internal equity, and develop a wage structure and scale for small culinary businesses in Bandung City, West Java. This descriptive quantitative study included a sample of 11 small businesses. The data used comprises both primary and secondary data. The analytical methods used are descriptive analysis and the two-point method. The results show that the small business UKBDG10 provided the highest compensation at 81%, and of all the positions available, seven positions met the minimum wage standards while two did not. Having an ideal wage structure and scale offers effective compensation for small culinary businesses in the tourist areas of Bandung City
Keyword: kuliner, metode dua titi, sistem kompensasi, struktur dan skala upah, usaha kecil

Judul: Application of phycocyanin from microalgae Spirulina platensis as light harvesting in anatase TiO2 nanoparticle solar cell.
Abstrak: The dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has been assemblied used hybrid titanium oxide (TiO2) film/phycocyanin. The TiO2 film was synthesized by sol gel method with titanium chlorida (TiCl4) as precursor by hydrolysis used sulfuric acid (H2SO4). Furthermore, it calcinated for 2,5 hours in variation of annealing temperature (400oC, 600oC, 800oC, dan 1000oC). In XRD patterns exhibited which annealing temperature at 400oC to 800oC were anatase phase all. When annealed at temperature 1000oC, it caused phase transformation from anatase to rutile. The crystals size according to XRD patterns were 13,75 nm, 20,79 nm, 25,25 nm, 48,88 nm and particle size from SEM images were 43,06 nm, 44,91 nm dan 64,99 nm, 80,40 nm, respectively. The crystals and particle size increased with annealing temperature. The film thickness influenced material absorption. The optical measurement of TiO2 film and TiO2/phycocyanin hybrid film used UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Additional phycocyanin caused peak width of absorbed region from ultraviolet to visible region. The band gap energy of TiO2 can be calculated using the cut off wavelength obtained from the absorbance spectrum of a nanoparticles TiO2 films. Based on intersection between linear and energy (hv) axis. In this study just limited for anatase phase. It was caused anatase band gap is wider than rutile phase. That’s meaningful for solar cell application such as dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC). The absorption coefficient average at difference annealing temperature such as at 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 8,1600x102, 1,7535x103 and 4,0154x102, where α < 104 include to direct transition. Band gap energy 400oC, 600oC, 800oC were 3,79 eV, 3,59 eV, and 3,35 eV, respectively. Based on this result, exhibition that band gap energy of TiO2 semiconductor film decreased with increasing annealing temperature. Spirulina platensis was cultivated in technical modification (Hastuti) with aeration under light intensity about 3000 lux. The cell density (stationer phase) for eighth day which OD value was more than 0,5. It means, the culture can be harvested. In 80 liters Spirulina platensis culture have been produced biomass dry about 10,46 gram and extracted phycocyanin in dry powders was 5,50 gram. The phycocyanin absorption spectrum at the wavelength of 619,36 nm (visible region) which had relaxation energy was 2,945 eV. The emission peak at the wavelength of 708,55 nm with relaxation energy about 2,793 eV. The Stokes shift based on difference energy absorption and emission calculated about 0,152 eV. Both of this showed phycocyanin can absorbed and radiated the sun light which received. This choice characteristic pigment was a good one related to sensitizer in solar cell application. Integration between light harvesting protein and TiO2 semiconductor surface had important role in improving of output as solar cell materials. The presence of carboxylate group (-COOH) made pigment be more efficient was due to anchored to the surface of TiO2 ampoter. The phycocyanin pigment had carboxylate group which reacted with TiO2 surface formed ester. The carboxylate group increased of dye electronics couple from excited state (p anti bonding orbital) to semiconductor acceptor state (TiO2 conduction band). The samples which made based on annealing temperature variation formed be solar cell respectively. Furthermore, cells be assembled for
Keyword: anatase, dye sensitized solar cell, efficiency, gap energy, phycocyanin