Judul: Toksisitas Subkronis Ekstrak Etanol 70% Propoliss terhadap Sel Darah Tikus Sprague Dawley.
Abstrak: Penelitian ekstrak etanol 70% propolis untuk pengobatan kanker payudara sudah memasuki tahap uji in vivo menggunakan hewan model yang diinduksi 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA), pengujian toksisitas secara in vitro, serta uji toksisitas metode BSLT sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengetahui pengaruh toksisitas secara in vivo agar dapat menjadi obat terstandar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menguji efek toksisitas subkronis ekstrak etanol 70% propolis terhadap sel darah tikus Sprague Dawley dan menentukan tingkat dosis yang aman selama 28 hari. Ekstrak diberikan dalam dosis 0.3 mg/KgBB, 2.1 mg/kgBB, 14.7 mg/kgBB, 102.9 mg/kgBB, dan 720.3 mg/kgBB, 5 kali dalam seminggu selama 28 hari. Pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% propolis berbagai dosis selama 28 hari kepada tikus jantan dan betina tidak menunjukkan perbedaan nyata dengan kelompok kontrol normal terhadap jumlah sel eritrosit, leukosit, maupun diferensial leukosit. Pemberian ekstrak etanol 70% propolis aman digunakan hingga dosis tertinggi pada penelitian ini yaitu 720.3 mg/kgBB selama 28 hari.
Keyword: eritrosit, Leukosit, propolis, subkronis

Judul: Aktivitas Enzim Transaminase dan Kadar Urea Serum Darah Tikus yang Diinduksi 7,12-Dimetilbenz(α)antrasena dengan Perlakuan Kombinasi Ekstrak Temulawak dan Propolis
Abstrak: Temulawak dan propolis diketahui memiliki senyawa aktif yang bermanfaat sebagai antikanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh kombinasi ekstrak temulawak dan propolis terhadap organ ginjal dan hati dalam proses pengobatan kanker payudara pada tikus Sprague-Dawley betina yang diinduksi DMBA. Parameter uji yang diamati ialah aktivitas enzim transaminase dan kadar urea. Sebanyak 37 ekor tikus dibagi secara acak menjadi tujuh kelompok, yakni kelompok EO, Normal, dan lima kelompok perlakuan yang diinduksi kombinasi ekstrak etanol temulawak dan propolis secara peroral dengan dosis berbeda. Pemberian kombinasi ekstrak etanol temulawak dan propolis terhadap aktivitas enzim transaminase pada dosis temulawak 52,5 mg/kg BB + propolis 72 mg/kg BB dan dosis temulawak 70 mg/kg BB + propolis 96 mg/kg BB memiliki potensi hepatoprotektif berdasarkan nilai rasio De Ritis yang mendekati 0,8. Hasil analisis kadar urea pada dosis temulawak 70 mg/kg BB + propolis 96 mg/kg BB memiliki nilai 32,235 mg/dL. Kombinasi ekstrak pada dosis temulawak 52,5 mg/kg BB + propolis 72 mg/kg BB dan dosis temulawak 70 mg/kg BB + propolis 96 mg/kg BB memiliki potensi sebagai hepatoprotektif serta pemberian kombinasi ekstrak temulawak dan propolis tidak memengaruhi kadar urea darah pada semua kelompok dosis., Curcuma and propolis are known to have active compounds that have anticancer benefits. This study aimed to analyze the effect of the combination of curcuma extract and propolis on the kidneys and liver in the treatment of breast cancer in female Sprague-Dawley rats induced by DMBA. The test parameters observed were transaminases enzyme activity and urea levels. A total of 37 rats were randomly divided into sevent groups, namely the EO group, Normal, and five treatment groups which were induced by a combination of ethanol extract of curcuma and propolis orally with different doses. The administration of a combination of ethanol extract of curcuma and propolis on transaminase enzyme activity at a dose of curcuma 52.5 mg/kg BW + propolis 72 mg/kg BW and a curcuma dose of 70 mg/kg BW + propolis 96 mg/kg BW had hepatoprotective potential based on the De Ritis ratio value which is close to 0.8. The results of the analysis of urea levels at a dose of curcuma 70 mg/kg BW + propolis 96 mg/kg BW had a value of 32.235 mg/dL. The combination of extracts at a dose of 52.5 mg/kg BW of curcuma + propolis 72 mg/kg BW and a dose of curcuma 70 mg/kg BW + propolis 96 mg/kg BW has potential as hepatoprotective and the combination of curcuma and propolis extract did not affect blood urea level in all dose groups.
Keyword: Dosis, ekstrak, propolis, temulawak, urea

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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