Judul: Dampak Faktor Ekonomi Makro Terhadap Sustainabilitas Jaminan Pensiun di Indonesia
Abstrak: Indonesian government through BPJS Employment has implemented pension social insurance starting from 2015 with a financial management system using the Pay As You Go (PAYG) technique. Due to demographic aging and macroeconomic factors, many countries in the world have started implementing pension reforms to maintain the sustainability of pension system. This paper will focus on these two factors which are life expectancy at birth as demographic aging factor, then GDP per capita, unemployment rate and emigration as macroeconomic factors. This study aims to analyze the adequacy of Indonesian pension benefit provided by using descriptive analysis and to analyze the impact of macroeconomic and demographic aging factors on pension sustainability in Indonesia by using Ordinary Least Square (OLS) panel data regression. It is found that the amount of pension benefit provided (adequacy) does not meet the adequacy standard recommended by the ILO Convention 102 minimum standard. GDP per capita has a positive impact on sustainability of Indonesia pension system where if it increases constantly, it will maintain the pension sustainability. The unemployment rate has a negative impact on pension sustainability, so that if the unemployment rate increases, the sustainability of the pension system will decrease. Therefore, in order to maintain the sustainability of pension system, it is necessary to constantly increase GDP per capita and decrease the percentage of unemployment rate.
Keyword: Adequacy, Demographic Ageing, Macroeconomic Factors, PAYG pension, Sustainability

Judul: Feasibility Study of Universal Pension Program in Indonesia Based on Japan Experience in Developing Universal Pension Program
Abstrak: Indonesia memiliki program pensiun negara tetapi hanya untuk pekerja formal, pegawai negeri sipil, dan angkatan bersenjata. Keadaan ini perlu mendapat perhatian karena saat ini 55,2% angkatan kerja yang bekerja merupakan pekerja informal dan diproyeksikan pada tahun 2045 penduduk berusia 65 tahun ke atas akan mencapai 35% dari jumlah penduduk. Ini akan menyebabkan risiko ekonomi dan sosial. Sebagai perbandingan, Jepang telah menyiapkan program pensiun universal berlapis-lapis sejak tahun 1960-an dan dilaksanakan pada pertengahan 1980-an. Saat ini Jepang sedang mengalami penuaan dan pertumbuhan penduduk yang negatif. Jepang memiliki pengalaman yang komprehensif dalam mengelola pensiun universal. Indonesia perlu memulai studi awal untuk pensiun universal, dan Jepang adalah tolok ukur yang baik. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder yaitu nominal produk domestik bruto, komposisi usia penduduk, upah rata-rata pekerja formal dan informal dan rasio ketergantungan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif komparatif. Alat analisis didasarkan pada Pedoman Pensiun Organisasi Perburuhan Internasional untuk memberikan perkiraan biaya. Empat kemungkinan skenario program pensiun universal di Indonesia diusulkan berdasarkan konsep pensiun multi-pilar. Dilihat dari perkiraan kebutuhan dana dan kemampuan administrasi yang terintegrasi, skenario melalui pilar non-kontributif memiliki kemungkinan terbesar untuk dilaksanakan oleh Indonesia.
Keyword: dependency ratio, multi pillar pension, old age, social security

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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