Judul: Eksternalitas Negatif Dan Laju Ekstraksi Optimal Penambangan Pasir Besi di Kabupaten Tasikmalaya
Abstrak: Exhaustible resources get special attention in the economics literature. Rapid demand is responsible for unsustainable extraction of iron sand mining at Tasikmalaya Regengcy. Iron sand mining effects at the stream river mining resulted in channel degradation and erosion increased turbidity, stream bank erosion and sedimentation of riffle areas. All these changes adversely affect fish and other aquatic organisms either directly by damage to organisms or through habitat degradation or indirectly through disruption of food web. This situation has implification to fisherman income because of decreasing fish production at Tasikmalaya Regency. Further, effects on disturbing road function at overloaded truck hauling which increase the travel time and fuel consumption. This study is an attempt to estimate the negative externalities and also estimate Pigouvian tax and path of optimal extraction iron sand mining along Tasikmalaya Regency. The total of negative externality in area of sand mining per 5 years Rp 3.674.811.431,9. It is suggested to impose a Pigouvian tax of Rp 9.579 on each sand tonnage truck load in order to compensate the fisherman and road user for loss incurred due to iron sand mining. This paper also tests Hotelling’s prediction that level of extraction period for a iron sand mining with and without negative externalities was included at cost function. The result are, the optimality with negative externalities period extraction 28 years and optimality without externalities 27 years.
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Judul: Estimation of Economic Losses from Iron Sand Mining Activities (Case Study: Desa Buniasih, Kecamatan Tegalbuleud, Kabupaten Sukabumi)
Abstrak: Pasir besi merupakan salah satu bahan baku dasar dalam industri besi baja. Kegiatan pertambangan pasir besi di Desa Buniasih menimbulkan eksternalitas seperti penurunan produktivitas perikanan, kerusakan terhadap infrastruktur, dan penurunan kualitas lingkungan. Eksternalitas tersebut belum ada penanganan lebih lanjut. Berdasarkan hal; tersebut, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Menganalisis persepsi masyarakat terhadap keberadaan pertambangan; (2) Mengestimasi kerugian ekonomi akibat kegiatan pertambangan; (3) Mengestimasi dampak penurunan ekonomi masyarakat akibat penutupan kegiatan pertambangan; dan (4) Menganalisis implikasi kebijakan pasca penutupan pertambangan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif, skala likert, perubahan produktivitas (Change of Productivity), replacement cost, Willingness to Accept (WTA), Loss of Earning dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa menurut persepsi masyarakat terhadap aktivitas pertambangan berpengaruh terhadap penurunan tangkapan ikan, kerusakan infrastruktur, dan kebersihan udara. Kerugian ekonomi dari aktivitas pertambangan pasir besi terhadap sektor perikanan sebesar Rp 9.070.556.000,1/tahun. Biaya kerusakan bangunan yang timbul dari adanya aktivitas pertambangan yaitu sebesar Rp 145.357,142/KK. Nilai dugaan rata-rata willingness to accept (WTA) responden yaitu sebesar Rp 30.348,84 perorang per bulan. Nilai pendapatan yang hilang setelah penutupan aktivitas pertambangan yaitu Rp 10.610.000/bulan. Berdasarkan hasil wawanacara untuk implikasi kebijakan pihak aparat Desa Buniasih dan Kecamatan Tegalbuleud membuat rencana kebijakan untuk menjadikan lahan bekas pertambangan menjadi objek wisata.
Keyword: likert scale, Change of Productivity, Replacement cost, Loss of Earning

Judul: Penentuan Jenis Kelamin pada Kelas Aves Menggunakan Metode Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
Abstrak: Many avian species are sexually monomorphic. In this case, molecular approach is an efficient method for sex determination. The sexes of monomorphic avians can be determined by PCR amplification of the CHD genes. CHD genes are preserved within avian Z and W sex chromosomes. The objective of this research was to determine sex of chickens, quails, ducks, pigeons, hill myna, salmon-crested cockatoos, and yellow-crested cockatoos based on CHD gene using primer 2550F and 2718R. PCR products were screened by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis with Ethidium Bromide. According to the results 10 males and 11 females were determined from 21 specimens of avians. Individuals showed double (ZW) and single (ZZ) bands were identified as females and males, respectively in chickens, quails, hill myna, salmon-crested cockatoos and yellow-crested cockatoos. Males and females in ducks and pigeons showed single band in different length of basepairs.
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