Judul: Study of Biopellet Formulation Based on Albasia Wood Powder with a Mixture of Straw and Rice Husk Charcoal
Abstrak: Serbuk kayu albasia dan limbah padi merupakan salah satu sumber bahan bakar alternatif potensial berasal dari biomassa yang dapat dimanfaatkan menjadi biopelet sebagai solusi pemanfaatan limbah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis dan mengetahui karakteristik biopelet berbahan dasar serbuk kayu albasia dengan campuran jerami dan arang sekam serta mengetahui komposisi formulasi terbaik dari bahan dasar biopelet tersebut sebagai energi bahan bakar alternatif. Pembuatan biopelet menggunakan pelletizer tipe fixed dies dengan perbandingan formulasi bahan baku yaitu A0 (arang sekam 90% : perekat 10%), A1 (jerami padi 90% : perekat 10%), A2 (serbuk kayu albasia 90% : perekat 10%), A3 (serbuk kayu albasia 25% : jerami 25% : arang sekam 40% perekat 10%), A4 (serbuk kayu albasia 25% : jerami 40% : arang sekam 25% : perekat 10%), dan A5 (serbuk kayu albasia 40% : jerami 25% : arang sekam 25% : perekat 10%). Perlakuan terbaik biopelet diperoleh pada komposisi serbuk kayu albasia 90% dan perekat 10% berdasarkan nilai kadar air 10,62%, kadar abu 1,83%, dan kerapatan apparent 0,725 g/cm3 yang memenuhi standar SNI 8675:2018. Nilai kalor dari biopelet tersebut yaitu 17,16 MJ/kg., Albasia sawdust and rice waste are potential alternative fuel sources derived from biomass that can be used as biopellets as a solution for waste utilization. The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the characteristics of biopellets made from albasia wood powder with a mixture of straw and husk charcoal and to determine the composition of the best formulation of these biopellets as alternative fuel energy. Making biopellets using a fixed dies type pelletizer with a ratio of raw material formulations, namely A0 (90% husk charcoal : 10% adhesive), A1 (90% rice straw : 10% adhesive), A2 (90% albasia wood powder : 10% adhesive), A3 (25% albasia wood powder : 25% straw : 40% husk charcoal : 10% adhesive), A4 (25% albasia wood powder : 40% straw : 25% husk charcoal : 10% adhesive), and A5 (40% albasia wood powder : 25% straw : 25% husk charcoal : 10% adhesive). The best treatment for biopellet was obtained at the composition of 90% albasia wood powder and 10% adhesive based on the value of water content of 10,62%, ash content of 1,83%, and apparent density of 0,725 g/cm3 which meet the standards of SNI 8675:2018. The calorific value of the biopellet is 17,16 MJ/kg.
Keyword: albasia sawdust, biopellet, fixed dies pelletizer, husk charcoal, rice straw

Judul: Karakteristik Biopelet Dari Campuran Serbuk Kayu Sengon Dengan Arang Sekam Padi Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Terbarukan
Abstrak: Biopellet is one of the alternative fuels which could substitute fossil fuel. The production of biopellet could be made from natural resources based lignocelluloses materials such as albisia sawdust and rice husk charcoal. The objective of this research was to analyze the characteristics of biopellet obtained of the mixture albisia sawdust and rice husk. The compositions of a mixture in this research are as follows 20% : 80%, 40% : 60%, 60% : 40%, 80% : 20%, as well as 100% of albisia sawdust. The test of biopellet included moisture content, density, volatile matters, ash substances, fixed carbon, calorie value and firmness which was based on commercial standard. The result of this research showed that the addition of rice husk charcoal into biopellet derived from albisia sawdust could not only decrease moisture content, but also that addition could increase ash percentages and calorie value. Although there was increasing calorie value, the addition of rice husk charcoal generated the inappropriateness of quality standard for ash percentages. The best quality of biopellet was composed with 100 % albisia sawdust which moisture content, density and calorie value were in accordance with French quality standard (ITEBE).
Keyword: quality standard, rice husk, albisia sawdust, Biopellet

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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