Judul: Menyeimbangkan Pertumbuhan Regional, Pemerataan, dan Kewilayahan: Dilema Desentralisasi dalam Pembangunan Indonesia
Abstrak: The implementation of fiscal decentralization has been going on for more than two decades in Indonesia, but the issue of economic inequality between regions continues to be the main focus. Regions that are rich in resources or experiencing rapid growth tend to outperform other regions. The central government responded to this challenge by allocating funds through a fiscal decentralization scheme. This research explores the dynamics of 509 districts/cities from 2015 to 2022 to understand the condition of inequality in Indonesia. The main focus is on factors that influence per capita income, both conventionally and spatially, as well as their direct and indirect effects. The research also seeks to identify the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the models that have been developed. In evaluating inequality between regions, the Theil and Williamson index is used as a guide. Conventional modeling is carried out through panel data analysis, while spatial modeling is implemented through various spatial panel data models such as Spatial Autoregressive (SAR), Spatial Error Model (SEM), Spatial Autocorrelation Error Model (SAC/SARAR), dan Spatial Durbin Model (SDM), complete with direct and indirect impacts. A similar approach was applied to assess the impact of COVID-19 by dividing the data into two conditions, before and after the pandemic. The research findings illustrate the disparities in per capita income that still occur, especially in the Western Territory of Indonesia (KBI), especially Java and Kalimantan. Of the various fiscal decentralization instruments and variables used, only four factors were proven to significantly influence per capita income in the conventional Fixed Effect model, namely profit sharing funds (DBH), special autonomy and adjustment funds (DOPS), number of hospital facilities (HOPITAL), and domestic investment (INVEST), with DBH emerging as the most influential factor. Further findings indicate the existence of a spatial influence on per capita income, with the SDM being the best model showing a positive relationship. However, SDM also brings complexity, where DBH, although contributing directly to an area's income, has a negative impact on surrounding areas due to inefficiencies in the allocation system. This highlights the need for a more careful approach in designing and implementing fiscal decentralization policies. Amid these findings, policymakers are encouraged to adopt a three-step approach. First, to reduce the income gap between the West and East regions, the central government needs to understand the unique challenges of each region and implement asymmetric policies. Second, the DBH allocation system needs to receive a thorough review in order to minimize negative impacts and increase overall regional economic efficiency. Additionally, creating an enabling environment for domestic investment, perhaps through incentive policies, could further stimulate economic activity and contribute to a more balanced and resilient economy. Third, the government needs to encourage public participation in monitoring and criticizing the use of the expenditure budget so that it is of higher quality and transparency through the Satu Data Indonesia website. Apart from gaining real-time control from the community, the central government can also more easily monitor the quality of regional spending., Penerapan desentralisasi fiskal telah berlangsung selama lebih dari dua dekade di Indonesia, namun isu ketidaksetaraan ekonomi antarwilayah terus
Keyword: decentralization, spatial, disparities, spillover, desentralisasi, spasial, ketimpangan, efek limpahan

Judul: Dampak desentralisasi fiskal terhadap pembangunan sosial ekonomi daerah di Indonesia
Abstrak: Fundamental change in the Indonesian governance mechanisms from centralized into decentralized system has been occured since 1st January 2001. The successes of the government during the period of decentralization can be seen from several indicaators such as economic growth, the number of poor people as well as human development index. However, many parties felt that the implementation of fiscal decentralization in Indonesia only in terms of its political success through the implementation of direct election of regional heads, while from an economic standpoint is still not satisfactory. Based on the background above, the purpose of this research are: 1) to analyze the factors that affect revenue, expenditure of local government and regional socio-economic development in Indonesia, 2) analyze the impact of fiscal decentralization on the revenue and expenditure of local government in Indonesia, 3) Analyzing the impact of changes in revenues and expenditures of local governments towards local socio-economic development in Indonesia. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis and analysis of simultaneous equations. The results of simulation models from the revenue side generally indicates that the increase in general allocation funds more influential and effective in improving the performance of socio-economic development compared with the increase in taxes and tax-sharing and non-tax. From the expenditure side, the agricultural sector development spending significantly more effective increasing the GRDP and poverty reduction in Sumatera, Kalimantan, and Sulawesi. As for education and health sector spending provides a larger impact on the increase GRDP and poverty reduction in Java-Bali and Papua.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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