Judul: Mempelajari Penyimpanan Brokoli (Brassica oleracea L. var. Italica) dan Kembang Kol (Brasica oleracea L. var. botrytis) dengan "Modified Atmosphere"
Abstrak: Sayur-sayuran adalah komoditi yang sangat mudah rusak setelah dipanen sehingga perlu ditangani secara baik dan tepat. Salah satu cara untuk mempertahankan mutu dan memperpanjang masa simpan komoditi ini adalah menggabungkan teknik pengemasan dengan sistem atmosfir termodifikasi dan penyimpanan pada suhu rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari penyimpanan Brokoli dan Kembang Kol dengan "modified atmosphereu pada penyimpanan suhu rendah, menentukan laju respirasi bahan, menentukan konsentrasi gas optimum dalam kemasan, memilih jenis film kemasan yang sesuai untuk penyimpanan dan menduga konsentrasi keseimbangan gas dalam kemasan.
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Judul: Perancangan kemasan brokoli untuk mencapai kondisi optimum modified atmosphere
Abstrak: Penyimpanan dengan Modified Atmosphere (MA) adalah salah satu cara untuk menghambat laju respirasi sayuran agar mampu bertahan lebih lama. Sayuran masih tetap melakukan proses respirasi setelah dipanen, sehingga akan mengalami pematangan dan pembusukan. Menurut penelitian Mulyadi Tubagus (1993), kondisi optimum MA untuk brokoli adalah 47% oksigen dan 7 12% karbondioksida dengan penyimpanan pada suhu 5°C. Kemasan yang digunakan adalah plastik stretch film dan plastik LDPE. Hasil pengemasan dengan plastik stretch film, brokoli dapat bertahan selama 4 hari, sedangkan dengan plastik LDPE mampu bertahan selama 12 hari. Walaupun demikian pada penelitian ini, keadaan optimum MA tidak tercapai. Dengan demikian, diperlukan suatu penelitian rancangan kemasan untuk mencapai kondisi optimum MA tersebut dan dapat memperpanjang masa simpan brokoli. Dalam penelitian ini akan digunakan kemasan plastik stretch film karena banyak dipakai dipasaran dan lebih sedikit timbul embun apabila disimpan pada suhu rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah 1) Merancang kemasan brokoli untuk mencapai kondisi optimum MA, 2) Melakukan pengujian hasil rancangan brokoli dalam kemasan, 3) Menentukan umur simpan brokoli dalam kemasan hasil rancangan....
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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