Judul: Faktor yang memepengaruhi partisipasi masyarakat dalam kegiatan perbaikan prasarana jalan (Kasus: Program Nasional Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (PNPM) Mandiri Perdesaan di Desa Megamendung, Bogor)
Abstrak: The objective of this study are to describe the stage of activities in the PNPM Mandiri project of infrastructure improvement, to analyze level of participation, and to determine factors affecting community participation in road infrastructure improvement in Megamendung village. The road infrastructure improvement is expected to provide short-term and long term economic benefit for the poor households. This study using qualitative and quantitative approach with primary and secondary data and a total respondents of 42 men of Paseban hamlet who were involved in road infrastructure improvement activity.The study shows that the internal factors affecting level of community participation are age and level of education, whereas the external factor that is most influencial on community participation is the activity of assistance team. The team’s frequent visit to the site of project greatly affect people’s participation.
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Judul: Tingkat Keberhasilan PNPM dalam Memfasilitasi Rumah Tangga Peserta Program di Desa dan Kota Bogor
Abstrak: The research objective was to analyse the role of PNPM Mandiri Perkotaan dan Perdesaan in increasing income and housing facilities of the beneficiary. The research method used survey technique to 60 respondents representing household in Ciherang and Kelurahan Kebon Pedes. The variables observed include beneficiary’s profile, participation perrequisite, facilitators’s competency, incomes, and housing improvement. The research results show that PNPM provide facilitation and have able to improve household condition in terms of increasing income, housing conditions have better improved. There is a difference community participation to the program, between village in the distict and the city, BSP2S are better compared to SPP program. The most obvious was shown by the associated competitiveness program with its success of BSP2S program.
Keyword: household’s income, participation, facilitation, role of PNPM

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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