Judul: Sintesis Ramah Lingkungan Nanopartikel Cu Dan Zn Serta Aplikasinya Sebagai Katalis Deklorinasi Diklorometana
Abstrak: Nanopartikel Cu dan Zn disintesis dengan metode reduksi kimia menggunakan pereduksi ramah lingkungan. Pereduksi yang digunakan ialah glukosa, laktosa, maltodekstrin, high fructose syrup (HFS), madu, dan pati. Waktu pemanasan dan konsentrasi pereduksi optimum untuk sintesis nanopartikel Cu adalah 270 menit dan 10,000 ppm, sedangkan untuk nanopartikel Zn adalah 90 menit dan 15,000 ppm. Pereduksi terbaik dalam sintesis adalah glukosa karena membentuk nanopartikel Cu dan Zn dengan konsentrasi yang tinggi. Aglomerasi dan terganggunya sistem koloid akibat pengendapan dan flokulasi memengaruhi ukuran dan kestabilan nanopartikel. Dalam percobaan ini ditambahkan polivinilpirolidon (PVP) sebagai penstabil dengan konsentrasi 0%, 1%, dan 5%. Hasil kestabilan terbaik nanopartikel Cu dan Zn merujuk pada pereduksi madu yang ditambahkan PVP 1%. Nanopartikel Cu dan Zn dapat diaplikasikan sebagai katalis deklorinasi diklorometana (DCM). Nanopartikel Cu mendegradasi DCM hingga 93.85%, lebih tinggi dibandingkan nanopartikel Zn.
Keyword: DCM, glukosa, nanopartikel, PVP, sintesis ramah lingkungan

Judul: Sintesis Ramah Lingkungan Nanopartikel Fe dan Co
Abstrak: Nanopartikel Fe dan Co disintesis dengan metode reduksi kimia menggunakan pereduksi ramah lingkungan. Pereduksi yang digunakan ialah glukosa, laktosa, maltodekstrin, high fructose syrup (HFS), madu, dan pati. Jenis, konsentrasi, dan waktu pemanasan pereduksi terpilih adalah glukosa 1% selama 180 menit untuk Fe dan HFS 1.5% selama 90 menit untuk Co. Aglomerasi dan terganggunya sistem koloid akibat pengendapan dan flokulasi memengaruhi ukuran dan kestabilan nanopartikel. Dalam penelitian ini ditambahkan polivinilpirolidon (PVP) sebagai penstabil dengan konsentrasi 1% dan 5%. Kestabilan terbaik nanopartikel Fe dan Co adalah pada tambahan PVP dengan konsentrasi 1%. Hasil pengukuran scanning electron microscopy (SEM) dan particle size analyzer (PSA) menunjukkan ketidakberhasilan pembentukan nanopartikel.
Keyword: glukosa, nanopartikel, polivinilpirolidon, sintesis ramah lingkungan

Judul: Morphofunctional Characteristic of the Shoulder and Upper Arm Muscles of The Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
Abstrak: Orangutans are arboreal primates that have similarities to gorillas and chimpanzees from both anatomical and physiological aspects, although there are distinct behaviors that allow for differentiation in the structure of the locomotor apparatus. This research aims to study the anatomy of the muscles of the shoulders and upper-arm of the Bornean orangutan associated with the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This study was conducted by observing the morphology of the shoulders and upper-arms muscles and watching their behaviors through video observations. The results showed that the rotator cuff muscles in orangutans were relatively thick resulted in well-fixed shoulders. Musculus rhomboideus occipitalis is only observed in orangutans to facilitate them during arboreal activities such as brachiation. The external trunk muscle in orangutans is found to be relatively large compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, due to the lifting of the upper arms while in trees and on the ground. Musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii were well developed as flexors of the elbow joint and hold the body mass while climbing up the tree. The Bornean orangutans' activities are more arboreal than those in gorillas and chimpanzees, thus their shoulder and upper arm muscles were more developed to support brachiation activities., Orangutans are arboreal primates that have similarities to gorillas and chimpanzees from both anatomical and physiological aspects, although there are distinct behaviors that allow for differentiation in the structure of the locomotor apparatus. This research aims to study the anatomy of the muscles of the shoulders and upper-arm of the Bornean orangutan associated with the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This study was conducted by observing the morphology of the shoulders and upper-arms muscles and watching their behaviors through video observations. The results showed that the rotator cuff muscles in orangutans were relatively thick resulted in well-fixed shoulders. Musculus rhomboideus occipitalis is only observed in orangutans to facilitate them during arboreal activities such as brachiation. The external trunk muscle in orangutans is found to be relatively large compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, due to the lifting of the upper arms while in trees and on the ground. Musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii were well developed as flexors of the elbow joint and hold the body mass while climbing up the tree. The Bornean orangutans' activities are more arboreal than those in gorillas and chimpanzees, thus their shoulder and upper arm muscles were more developed to support brachiation activities.
Keyword: arboreal, Bornean orangutans, shoulders and upper-arm muscles, terrestrial