Judul: Dynamic Models of Climate Variations and the Incidence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)
Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) merupakan penyakit akut, bersifat endemik tetapi secara periodik dapat mendatangkan kejadian luar biasa. Kota Bogor merupakan salah satu kota endemik DBD. Penelitian ini bertujuan memodelkan dampak kerugian dari kejadian DBD Kota Bogor berdasarkan variasi iklim. Data yang digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain curah hujan, hari hujan, suhu, kelembaban relatif, prevalensi penyakit DBD, nilai PDB, dan lainnya. Metode analisis data dilakukan dengan mengkaji korelasi antara faktor iklim dan tingkat prevalensi penyakit DBD, kemudian membuat model perhitungan dampak perubahan kejadian di masa depan pada prevalensi penyakit DBD. Penilaian dampak dilakukan dengan menghitung rasio kerugian yang diakibatkan dari penambahan jumlah prevalensi penyakit di Kota Bogor pada masa depan. Dalam kurun waktu 10 tahun, pola kejadian DBD Kota Bogor terlihat mencapai puncak pada musim hujan mencapai titik terendah saat musim kemarau. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistik, kejadian DBD di Kota Bogor tahun 2010-2019 memiliki korelasi positif yang nyata dengan kelembaban relatif (r = 0.493) dan curah hujan (r = 0,239). Suhu udara memiliki korelasi negatif nyata (r = -0,262), sedangkan hari hujan tidak memiliki korelasi dengan kejadian DBD (r = 0,004). Pada model perhitungan, proyeksi total pasien memengaruhi dampak kerugian kejadian DBD di masa depan. Berdasarkan hasil, jumlah pasien proyeksi DBD di Kota Bogor mengalami peningkatan. Peningkatan tersebut mengakibatkan kerugian di masa depan sebesar 22,8% menjadi 185 milyar rupiah, karena adanya perubahan iklim di masa depan dan secara tidak langsung memengaruhi jumlah kejadian DBD., Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is an acute disease, endemic but periodically can cause extraordinary events. Bogor City is one of the dengue endemic cities. This study aims to model the impact of losses from the incidence of dengue fever in Bogor based on climate variations. The data used in the study included rainfall, rainy days, temperature, relative humidity, DHF prevalence, GDP value, and others. The method of data analysis was carried out by examining the correlation between climatic factors and the prevalence level of DHF, then making a model for calculating the impact of changes in future events on the prevalence of DHF. The impact assessment is carried out by calculating the ratio of losses resulting from increasing the number of disease prevalence in the city of Bogor in the future. In a period of 10 years, the pattern of dengue fever in Bogor City is seen to peak in the rainy season and reach its lowest point during the dry season. Based on the results of statistical tests, the incidence of dengue fever in Bogor City in 2010-2019 has a significant positive correlation with relative humidity (r = 0.493) and rainfall (r = 0.239). Air temperature has a significant negative correlation (r = -0.262), while a rainy day has no correlation with the incidence of dengue fever (r = 0.004). In the calculation model, the projection of the total patient affects the impact of the loss on future DHF events. Based on the results, the number of DHF projection patients in Bogor City has increased. This increase resulted in future losses of 22.8% to 185 billion rupiah, due to climate change in the future and indirectly affecting the
Keyword: Bogor City, climate, dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF), impact loss, model

Judul: Priority of Dengue Fever Intervention Area Based on Air Temperature Spatial Analysis (Case Study: Bogor City)
Abstrak: Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat yang serius di Kota Bogor. Perubahan iklim dikhawatirkan akan memperburuk kejadian DBD di masa depan karena peningkatan suhu udara memicu pertumbuhan, perkembangan, dan aktivitas nyamuk menjadi semakin intensif. Terbatasnya sumberdaya yang tersedia membuat diperlukannya penentuan lokasi-lokasi prioritas aksi adaptasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menentukan lokasi target aksi intervensi adaptasi bidang kesehatan di Kota Bogor serta mengidentifikasi pilihan aksi adaptasi di bidang kesehatan. Data masukan yang digunakan dalam penelitian antara lain data jumlah kasus DBD Kota Bogor per kelurahan tahun 2017-2019, data jumlah dan kepadatan penduduk per kelurahan tahun 2019, data suhu udara maksimum historis dan proyeksi. Hasil analisis menunjukkan hampir seluruh kelurahan di Kota Bogor termasuk wilayah prioritas aksi adaptasi. Sebanyak 14 kelurahan masuk kedalam kelas prioritas 1, satu kelurahan merupakan wilayah prioritas kelas 2, 49 kelurahan wilayah moderat dan 4 kelurahan merupakan wilayah aman. Kecamatan Tanah Sereal menjadi wilayah target intervensi dikarenakan hampir seluruh kelurahan di kecamatan tersebut masuk kedalam wilayah prioritas aksi adaptasi. Aksi adaptasi difokuskan pada pemberdayaan masyarakat dengan memanfaatkan informasi iklim. Pilihan aksi adaptasi yang dapat dilakukan misalnya menentukan waktu optimum pelaksanaan PSN berdasarkan informasi iklim, pembentukan pokja, dan modifikasi iklim mikro untuk menghambat pertumbuhan nyamuk., Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is still a serious public health problem in Bogor City. It is feared that climate change will worsen the incidence of DHF in the future because an increase in air temperature triggers the growth, development, and activity of mosquitoes to become more intensive. The limited resources available make it necessary to determine the priority locations for adaptation actions. The purpose of this study is to determine the location of the target for adaptation interventions in the health sector in the city of Bogor and identify options for adaptation actions in the health sector. The input data used in the study include data on the number of DHF cases in Bogor City in each village in 2017-2019, data on the number and density of population in each village in 2019, historical and projected maximum air temperature data. The results of the analysis show that almost all urban villages in Bogor City are included in priority areas for adaptation actions. A total of 14 villages are classified as priority class 1, one village is a class 2 priority area, 49 villages are moderate areas and 4 villages are safe areas. Tanah Cereal sub-district is the target area intervention action because almost all villages in the sub-district are included in the priority areas for adaptation action. Adaptation actions are focused on empowering communities by utilizing climate information. Adaptation action options that can be taken are, for example, determining the optimum time for the implementation of PSN based on climate information, formation of working groups, and modification of the microclimate to inhibit mosquito growth.
Keyword: Adaptation action, Climate change hotspot, DHF, Incidence rate, Target location

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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