Judul: Limbah Arang Sekam Padi Sebagai Adsorben Ion Cr(III) dan Cr(VI)
Abstrak: The major sources of heavy metal contaminations are industrial effluents. Chromium metal and its compound have wide application in industrial sector. Its two most stable states are Cr(III) and Cr(VI). Trivalent chromium toxicity is negligible because it often forms insoluble hydroxide at netral pH. Hexavalent chromium is considered powerful carcinogenic agent Lots of waste treatment efforts are conducted; one of which is to make use of agricultural by products that are potential to be utilized as adsorbent. This paper utilizes carbonized rice husk from rice husk stove as Cr(III) and Cr(VI) adsorbent. Carbonized rice husk was activated potassium hydroxide (KOH). As a comparison, activated carbon that originated from coconut shell, a commercially-used adsorbent, was used. Adsorption was carried out by varying adsorption time, adsorbent weight, and initial concentrations of Cr(III) and Cr(VI). The optimum condition of carbonized rice husk adsorbent for Cr(III) and Cr(VI) were 60 minutes; 0.5 g; and 250 ppm. The optimum conditions for activated carbon, as comparison, for Cr(III) were 90 minutes; 0.5 g; and 250 ppm. And the optimum conditions for activated carbon, as comparison, for Cr(VI) were 90 minutes; 0.5 g; and 250 ppm. In single solution test of Cr(III) and Cr(VI), adsorption capacity for carbonized rice husk were 8.400 mg/g; with adsorption efficiency were 84.00 %.
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Judul: Adsorpsi ion Cr(III) dan Cr(VI) menggunakan bentonit alam termodifikasi oksida besi
Abstrak: Speciation of trivalent and hexavalent chromiums is important to do because both have very different characteristics. Hexavalent chromium is toxic meanwhile trivalent chromium is needed in metabolism. The aim of this study is to modify natural bentonite from Cigudeg, Bogor with sodium and iron oxide to increase its performance as an adsorbent for speciation of Cr (VI) and Cr (III). The result showed that the adsorption capacity of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) using Na-bentonite and modified bentonite were higher than that of natural bentonite. Adsorption capacity of Cr(III) for natural bentonite, Na-bentonite, and modified bentonite were 4.49, 6.08, and 8.17 mg/g adsorbent, meanwhile adsorption capacity of Cr(VI) for natural bentonite, Na-bentonite, and modified bentonite were 4.14, 4.97, and 5.85 mg/g adsorbent, respectively. Adsorption of Cr(III) and Cr(VI) by the three types of bentonite followed the Langmuir isotherm pattern. Characterization using X-ray diffractometer showed shifting, broadening, and changing in the number of peaks in the diffractogram of Na-bentonite and modified bentonite compared to that of natural bentonite. Speciation using adsorption column is constrained by the low flow rate.
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Judul: Karakteristik Anatomi Skelet Kepala Buaya senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii).
Abstrak: Buaya sepit atau senyulong (Tomistoma schlegelii) merupakan jenis buaya asli Indonesia yang berhabitat di sungai-sungai Sumatera, Kalimantan, dan juga pedalaman Sulawesi. Salah satu ciri khas buaya senyulong adalah bentuk moncong yang runcing dan sempit, namun hingga saat ini informasi mengenai struktur skelet kepala buaya senyulong sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari karakteristik anatomi skelet kepala buaya senyulong yang dikatikan dengan fungsi dan perilakunya. Penelitian dilakukan secara eksploratif dengan melakukan pengamatan, pencatatan, dan pengambilan gambar dari skelet kepala buaya senyulong. Skelet kepala berukuran panjang 70 cm, lebar 29 cm, dan tingggi 17 cm dengan permukaan kasar pada os nasale, os frontale, os maxilla, os mandibula, os lacrimale, os jugale. Jumlah gigi pada buaya ini sebanyak 78 buah, terdiri dari 4 buah gigi premaxila, 16 buah gigi maxila, dan 19 buah gigi mandibula. Pada regio orbitalis ditemukan dua pasang fenestrae temporales yang berkembang baik. Fenestra supratemporale merupakan lubang oval yang membentang di sepanjang os parietale. Fenestra infratemporale berbentuk segitiga dan dibatasi oleh os squamosum, os postorbitale, os jugulare, dan os quadratum. Os mandibula hewan ini mempunyai symphysis mandibularis yang panjang yaitu garis yang melintang di corpus mandibulae. Secara fungsional ukuran symphysis mandibularis berkaitan dengan adaptasi hewan terhadap diet makan.
Keyword: kepala, moncong, Tomistoma schlegelii