Judul: Studi perbandingan epipedon dan lapisan hitam serta penilaian tingkat pelapukan dari beberapa andisols di perkebunan teh Malabar dan Purbasari, PTP XIII, Pengalengan Bandung
Abstrak: Penyebaran tanah terkubur di sekitar daerah Pangalengan cukup luas. ditemukan adanya tanah daerah ini. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh seringnya lapisan hitam pada kedalaman sub-soil Lapisan hitam ini diperkirakan merupakan lapisan atas tanah sebelum ditutupi oleh lapisan tanah di atasnya. Keadaan ini merupakan hal yang wajar pada tanah yang berkembang dari bahan induk piroklastik. Bertolak dari hal di atas maka penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari beberapa sifat fisik, kimia, mineral, dan morfologi lapisan hitam, membandingkannya dengan epipedon serta menilai tingkat pelapukan tanah daerah penelitian sehingga dapat dinilai potensi alamiahnya. Berdasarkan hasil analisis mineral diketahui bahwa bahan induk daerah penelitian bersifat basaltoandesitik.. Terdapat beberapa kecenderungan terhadap asosiasi mineral tertentu dari setiap lapisan tanah (horison) yang menunjukkan adanya ketidaksinambungan bahan induk. Didukung hasil analisis sifat fisik, kimia dan fologinya, diketahui bahwa secara umum tanah daerah memiliki sifat irreversible dan sifat tiksotrofik. Penilaian tingkat pelapukan yang berpedoman pada kriteria Mohr dan van Baren (1960) menunjukkan tingkat pelapukan daerah penelitian telah mencapai tahap permulaan.
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Judul: Korelasi antara kandungan bahan organik dan liat dalam tanah dengan beberapa sifat fisik dan kimia tanah lapisan atas dari daerah Pasahari, Maluku
Abstrak: Tanah merupakan sistim yang kompleks yang terdiri dari fase padatan, cair dan gas. Fraksi yang aktif dalam tanah adalah liat dan bahan organik karena mempunyai permukaan spesifik yang luas dan bermuatan listrik. Tanah yang mempunyai tekstur yang terlalu kasar atau terlalu halus kurang baik bagi pertumbuhan tanaman diatasnya sebab perbandingan antara air, udara dan unsur hara tidak seimbang. Salah satu usaha untuk mendapatkan perbandingan yang seimbang antara air, udara dan unsur hara adalah dengan menambahkan bahan organik ke dalam tanah tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah ingin mengetahui sampai sejauh mana hubungan antara kandungan bahan organik dan liat dengan beberapa sifat fisik dan kimia tanah lapisan atas dari daerah Pasahari, Maluku. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut maka dilakukan penelitian di laboratorium mengenai sifat fisik tanah yaitu bobot jenis partikel, bobot isi, ruang pori total, kapasitas menahan air (pF 2.54, 4,2, air tersedia), konsistensi tanah yang ditunjukkan dengan Angka Atterberg; sifat kimia yaitu kapasitas tukar kation dan N-total.
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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