Judul: Establishing Hazard Map for Tidal Flood in Coastal Region Case Study: Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji penggunaan MRI-CGCM (Meteorology Research Institute - Coupled Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model) untuk memprediksi kenaikan air laut dari tahun 2010 sampai dengan 2100. DEM SRTM dengan resolusi spasial 30 m dan hasil prediksi kenaikan air laut digunakan untuk menentukan kelas genangan. Pada tahun 2010, diprediksi kenaikan permukaan laut sekitar 2,1 m dan akan menggenangi areal seluas 1.048 hektar, dengan perkiraan total kerugian sebesar 370 miliar rupiah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa permukaan laut pada 2100 diperkirakan akan meningkat sekitar 2 m lebih tinggi dari 2010. Hasil verifikasi di lapang menunjukkan bahwa diperoleh tingkat prediksi yang cukup baik untuk tahun 2010, dimana prediksi kenaikan permukaan air laut berdasarkan model adalah sekitar 2,13m, sementara kenaikan sesungguhnya adalah 2 m. Penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa model MRI-CGCM cukup baik untuk memprediksi kenaikan permukaan air laut, dengan tingkat akurasi sebesar 93,3%.
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Judul: Penilaian Dampak Kenaikan Muka Air Laut Terhadap Wilayah Pesisir (Studi Kasus : Kota Semarang)
Abstrak: Sea level rise is one of important global issue now. It has been caused by ice melting in pole, climate extreme event, and land level decreasing. Coastal area have high vulnerability effect by sea level rise. Coastal area is important to support the economic development country. If the sea level rise was happened so many properties that losses. The problem like land use losses, people evacuation, diseases, sanitation, and economic losses will appear. Sea level rise can be forecasted by satellite imagery like ENVISAT, Topex/Poseidon, Jason1 and Jason2. All of the data can be processed by one of adds on in Microsoft Excel software. Flooded area was created by DEM SRTM data with 30 x 30 meter resolution. The result show that sea level rise 0,69 mm/year happened in Semarang. The forecasting result at 2100 in Semarang show change to be flooded area 1,8 km. The economic losses can be computed by describe land of use. The result show that economic losses is IDR 6,7 billion or IDR 36 million per hectare in 2100. 145 people will be evacuated if it’s happened. Physically adaptation like house type changing and create sea wall also non physically adaptation by creating relocation area will be needed to prepare if the forecast become real.
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Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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