Judul: Pengaruh Level Penggunaan Bungkil Inti Sawit Dalam Ransum terhadap Persentase Karkas dan Organ Dalam Ayam
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi tingkat pemberian BIS dalam ransum unggas dari fase starter hingga finisher sebagai pakan alternatif jagung dan bungkil kedelai dalam ransum dilihat dari aspek persentase karkas, bobot organ dalam, organ pencernaan dan rataan panjang relatif usus halus ayam broiler. Perlakuan yang diberikan R0 = Ransum kontrol; R1 = Ransum mengandung 5% BIS; R2 = Ransum mengandung 10% BIS; R3 = Ransum mengandung 15% BIS. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 6 ulangan, ternak yang digunakan 240 ekor broiler jantan tipe Lohmaan ditempatkan ke dalam 24 grup dan diacak ke dalam 4 perlakuan pakan. Peubah yang diamati persentase karkas, persentase organ dalam, organ pencernaan dan panjang relatif usus halus. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA, jika pada analisis ANOVA didapatkan hasil yang berbeda nyata (P<0.05), maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan signifikan (P<0.05) meningkatkan persentase bobot hati, gizzard, limpa, duodenum, jejenum, ileum, sekum, pankreas, dan proventrikulus tetapi menurunkan secara nyata bobot hidup, persentase bobot karkas dan abdominal. Taraf pemakaian bungkil inti sawit (BIS) yang telah diolah secara penyaringan dan peniupan dalam ransum lebih dari 5% belum mampu mengurangi penggunaan jagung dan kedelai dalam ransum dilihat dari aspek penurunan bobot hidup, persentase bobot karkas, serta peningkatan persentase bobot organ dalam dan bobot organ pencernaan.
Keyword: kunci: broiler, subtitusi pakan, persentase organ dalam, bungkil inti sawit

Judul: Pengaruh Tingkat Pemakaian Bungkil Inti Sawit dalam Ransum terhadap Performa Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Bungkil inti sawit (BIS) merupakan hasil ikutan proses pemisahan minyak inti sawit di industri. Pemanfaatan BIS sebagai campuran pakan unggas masih belum optimal karena serat kasarnya yang tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh tingkat pemakaian BIS dalam ransum terhadap konsumsi ransum, bobot badan akhir, pertambahan bobot badan, konversi ransum, serta mortalitas ayam broiler. Sebanyak 240 ekor ayam broiler jantan strain Lohman dibagi menjadi 24 petak dan diberikan empat perlakuan dan enam ulangan dengan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap. Perlakuan terdiri dari R0 = Ransum kontrol yang mengandung aditif lengkap, R1 = Ransum mengandung 5% bungkil inti sawit, R2 = Ransum mengandung 10% bungkil inti sawit, dan R3 = Ransum mengandung 15% bungkil inti sawit. R0 mengandung bahan aditif enzim fitase, antibiotic growth promoters (AGP), dan coccidiostat, sedangkan R1-R3 tidak. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan BIS dalam ransum nyata (P<0.05) menurunkan konsumsi ransum, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir, serta meningkatkan konversi ransum dan mortalitas. Makin tinggi pemakaian BIS, makin menurunkan konsumsi, pertambahan bobot badan, bobot badan akhir, serta meningkatkan konversi ransum dan mortalitas. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa pemakaian BIS ≥5% dalam ransum dapat menurunkan performa ayam broiler.
Keyword: bungkil inti sawit, performa, ayam broiler

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
Keyword: