Judul: In Vitro Antioxidant Activity and In Silico Antioxidant  Signaling Regulation by Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia illucens) Larvae Extract
Abstrak: Stres oksidatif di dalam tubuh dapat diatasi dengan menginhibisi protein Keap1 yang berasosiasi dengan Nrf2 dalam mekanisme persinyalan antioksidan. Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi senyawa aktif ekstrak larva BSF yang dibudidayakan dengan substrat limbah dapur di Desa Sindangjaya, Cianjur sebagai antioksidan melalui pengujian DPPH dan prediksi in silico. Ekstraksi dilakukan menggunakan metode maserasi bertingkat dengan pelarut aseton dan metanol serta dengan maserasi pemanasan menggunakan pelarut air, kemudian dianalisis dengan LC-MS/MS dan diuji DPPH. Potensinya sebagai inhibitor Keap1 secara in silico dengan uji bioavailabilitas, ADME, toksisitas, dan penapisan virtual. Senyawa aktif 1,5-Bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,5-pentanedione di dalam ekstrak air dari golongan benzotriazoles memiliki nilai energi afinitas yaitu -7,01 kkal/mol dan Methyl (S)-2-((S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino)-3 cyclohexylpropanamido)-3-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl) propanoate di dalam ekstrak aseton dari golongan asam amino, peptida, dan turunanya memiliki nilai energi afinitas sebesar -6,49 kkal/mol. Kedua senyawa tersebut merupakan kandidat terbaik sebagai inhibitor Keap1 dalam persinyalan antioksidan karena berinteraksi dengan residu Cys151., Oxidative stress in the body can be reduced by inhibiting the protein Keap1 from associating with Nrf2 in an antioxidant signaling mechanism. The study aimed to identify active compounds of BSF larvae extract cultivated with kitchen waste substrate in Sindangjaya Village, Cianjur as antioxidants with DPPH method and in silico prediction. Extraction was carried out using a multilevel maceration method with acetone and methanol solvents and followed by heated maceration with aqueous solvent. The extracts were analysed using LC-MS/MS method and DPPH test. Its potential as Keap1 inhibitor was predicted using in silico bioavailability test, ADME, toxicity, and virtual screening. The active compound of 1,5-Bis(1H-benzotriazol-1-yl)-1,5-pentanedione of the aqueous extract which is benzotriazoles group has an affinity energy value of -7,01 kcal/mol and Methyl (S)-2-((S)-2-((tert-butoxycarbonyl) amino)-3 cyclohexylpropanamido)-3-((S)-2-oxopyrrolidin-3-yl) propanoate in the acetone extract from the amino acid, peptides, and derivatives group has an affinity energy value of -6,49 kcal/mol. Both compounds are the best candidates for Keap1 inhibitors in antioxidant signaling due to their interaction with the Cys151 residue.
Keyword: antioksidan, DPPH, in silico, larva BSF, protein Keap1

Judul: Secondary Metabolite Profile and Antioxidant Activity of Black Soldier Fly (Hermetia Illucens) Pupae Extract
Abstrak: Black Soldier Fly (BSF) atau Hermetia illucens adalah salah satu serangga dekomposer alami. BSF mampu mengubah limbah organik menjadi metabolit primer dengan gizi tinggi. BSF memiliki potensi sebagai antioksidan karena kandungan metabolit sekundernya. Senyawa antioksidan pada pupa BSF akan diidentifikasi untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawanya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan pelarut yang tepat untuk mendapatkan senyawa aktif pada pupa BSF. Sampel diekstraksi menggunakan tiga pelarut berbeda. Ekstrak kemudian diuji kemampuan antioksidannya dengan metode DPPH dan diukur IC50. Ekstrak dengan aktivitas antioksidan terbaik akan diuji senyawa penyusunnya menggunakan LC-MS. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pelarut aseton menghasilkan rendemen tertinggi yaitu 10.73%. Aktivitas antioksidan yang dibuktikan dengan IC50 memberikan hasil terbaik pada ekstrak metanol, dengan rata-rata konsentrasi IC50 sebesar 22 ppb. Berdasarkan hasil LC-MS, ekstrak metanol mengandung senyawa golongan indol dan terpenoid. Senyawa-senyawa ini memberikan aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi pada semua ekstrak pupa BSF., Black Soldier Fly (BSF) or Hermetia illucens is one of the natural decomposer insects. BSF is able to convert organic waste into primary metabolites with high nutrition. BSF has the potential as an antioxidant because of its secondary metabolite content. Antioxidant compounds in BSF Pupa will be identified to determine the compound content. This study aimed to determine the suitable solvent for obtaining active BSF pupae compounds. Samples were extracted using three different solvents. The extract was then tested for its antioxidant ability using the DPPH method, and the IC50 was measured. The extract with the best antioxidant activity will be tested for its constituent compounds using LC-MS. The results showed that acetone solvent produced the highest yield, 10.73%. Antioxidant activity, as proven by IC50, gave the best results in methanol extract, with an average IC50 concentration of 22 ppb. Based on the LC-MS results, the methanol extract contained indole and terpenoid group compounds. These compounds provide high antioxidant activity in all BSF pupa extracts.
Keyword: antioxidants, BSF, IC50, LC-MS

Judul: Asymptotic Distribution of Estimator for the Intensity Function of a Doubly Periodic Poisson Process
Abstrak: In this manuscript, estimation of the intensity function of a doubly periodic Poisson process is discussed. It is assumed that only a single realization of the Poisson process is observed in a bounded window [0,n]. It is also assumed that the period of the intensity function is known. The rate of consistency and asymptotic normality of the estimator are formulated. Finally, a confidence interval for the local intensity function is also formulated.
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