Judul: Drying analysis of shredded tobacco leaves using dual-energy-sources-dryer
Abstrak: Pengolahan daun tembakau menjadi tembakau rajangan secara tradisional menggunakan energi surya untuk pengeringannya. Jika intensitas sinar surya rendah sehingga tidak mencukupi untuk penjemuran sampai kering sempurna, tembakau rajangan yang dihasilkan akan bermutu rendah, mempunyai aroma dan warna yang tidak sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen. Hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan bahwa daun tembakau rajangan dapat dikeringkan dengan alat pengering pada suhu 35-45OC, kecepatan aliran udara 5 mldetik, tanpa menurunkan mutu dan penerimaan konsumen. Penelitian dasar yang mengkaji parameter parameter pengeringan daun tembakau rajangan sampai saat ini masih sedikit sekali dilakukan. Padahal hasil penelitian ini sangat diperlukan untuk merancang model alat alat pengering yang dapat bekerja efisien dengan mengatur kecepatan aliran udara, suhu dan kelembaban udara pengering, kapasitas pengering serta pemakaian berbagai sumber energi untuk pengeringan.
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Judul: Optimization of thin-layer drying of temu putih and temu lawak based on energy analysis
Abstrak: Temu putih or zedoary (Curcuma zedoaria Rosc.) and temu lawak or java turmeric (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) are two of some important medicinal plants in Indonesia. The dried slices of their rhizome are called simplicia and used as raw materials for jamu or traditional herbal medicine. The aim of this research were (a) to study the influence of drying process conditions on simplicia drying characteristics, quality and exergy eficiency during the drying, and (b) to determine the optimum process conditions to get the best quality. In the first study, the influence of drying air temperature, relative humidity (RH) and flow rate on the thin layer drying of temu putih and temu lawak slices were investigated. A laboratory air dryer was designed and used for drying experiments. The system was operated in an air temperature range of 40–70o C, relative humidity range of 20–80% and air flow rate 0.2-0.9 m/s. Three mathematical models available in the literature were fitted to the experimental data. It was found that drying of temu putih and temu lawak took place in the falling rate period. Higher drying air temperature and flow rate and lower drying air relative humidity resulted in a lower final moisture content and shorter drying time. By statistical comparison of the three models, it was concluded that the Page model represents drying characteristics was better than the other equations for describing single layer drying of both temu putih and temu lawak. In the second part, the effects of drying conditions on shrinkage and quality of temu putih and temu lawak were studied. A thin-layer dryer with machine vision system and image analysis software were used. Temu putih and temu lawak slices were dried at temperatures of 50, 60 and 70 oC and relative humidities of 20%, 30% and 40%. Changes in area of the slice were measured continuously during the drying. Shrinkage showed almost linear relation with moisture content. It was found that air temperature and relative humidity had no significant effect on shrinkage. Slices dried in a higher temperature showed more bend than a lower one. Lower drying air temperature resulted higher quantity of curcumin of temulawak and worse visually performance of sample. The last part was concerned with the energy and exergy analysis of the thin layer drying process of temu putih and temu lawak at different air temperatures and humidities using a laboratory dryer. Using the first law of thermodynamics, energy analysis was carried to estimate the amounts of energy gained from air drying and the ratios of energy utilization. Exergy analysis was accomplished to determine exergy destroyed and exergy efficiencies during the drying process by applying the second law of thermodynamics. The optimum process conditions for temu putih drying were at a temperature of 50 oC 20% RH and air flow rate of 0.2-0.3 m/s, while for temu lawak drying were at a temperature of 50 oC and 30% RH.
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Judul: Infeksi Neospora caninum: Kajian Morfopatologi
Abstrak: Neospora caninum is an intracellular obligate parasite newly recognized in late 1980’s. Neosporosis caused neuromuscular dysfunction (progressive lameness, hindlimb paresis and paralysis) in dog and abortion in cow. The dog is a definitive host of Neospora caninum. Cow, sheep, goat, horse, deer, water buffalo, rhinocheros, and fox could be an intermediate host. Gross examination was found in heart, liver, central nervous system, dan skeletal muscle. Histopatological examination demonstrated multifocal necrosis of brain, interstisial non-suppurative myocarditis, and multifocal inflammation in liver. This study reviews information on pathomorphological, pathogenesis, prevention, and treatment of neosporosis
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