Judul: Karakteristik Kulit Ceker Ayam yang Disamak dengan Kombinasi Krom dan Mimosa serta Ekstrak Daun Jambu Biji (Psidium guajava Linn.)
Abstrak: Tanning is the process of converting protein rawhide into leather which stable and not easily decompose. Tanning can be performed on the skin of chicken claw because it has a protein content that is not different from the protein skin of cattle about 23%. The use of chromium can be overcome with vegetable tanning materials that derived from plants and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the tanned skin of chicken claw with a combination of chrome, mimosa and guava leaf extract. Observed variables consisted of tensile strength, elongation, and tear endurance with repetition performed 3 times. The results showed that the concentration of guava leaf extract different effect on tensile strength, but has no effect on elongation and tear endurance of leather. Chrome and mimosa still give effect to the tanning process, but the addition of guava leaf extract as much as 10% showed optimum ability to help increase the tensile endurance of leather.
Keyword: tanning, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), guava leaf, chicken claw

Judul: Karakteristik Kulit Kaki Ayam yang Disamak dengan Krom dan Mimosa serta Ekstrak Kulit Buah Salak (Salacca Edulis Reinw)
Abstrak: Leather tanning is a process to transform the unstable raw skin into more stable form. The aim of this research was to determine characteristics of chicken foot’s skin which tanned using mineral (chromium) and vegetable tanning material (mimosa and salak peel’s extract). This research used chicken foot’s skin tanned with one control and 3 treatments. Each treatment used similar materials, namely; chromium, mimosa and salak peel’s extract, with different concentration. Control treatment consisted of 100% chromium; treatment 1 consisted of tanning material with ratio of 70:20:10; treatment 2 with ratio of 60:20:20 and treatment 3 with ratio of 50:20:30. Each treatment had 3 replications. The observed variables were tensile strength, elongation and tear endurance. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance. The results showed that tensile strength, elongation and tear endurance of chicken foot’s skin tanned with each treatment showed not significant different (P> 0.05) with the best treatment ratio was 50:20:30.
Keyword: tanning, salak peel, chicken claw’s skin, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Heisenberg Uncertainty of Double SlitSystem Based on Budiyono-Rohrlich Quantum Statistics Model
Abstrak: Interpretasi kuantum dikembangkan untuk memaknai secara fisis dengan jelas bagaimana suatu dinamika pada sistem mikroskopis yang dijelaskan dengan teori-teori kuantum, seperti interpretasi Copenhagen yang mendeskripsikan sistem kuantum sebagai suatu keadaan yang dideskripsikan dengan fungsi gelombang yang berisikan bagaimana peluang keadaan suatu sistem. Interpretasi kuantum juga bisa dibawa dari suatu sistem klasik seperti pada model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich yang menjelaskan bagaimana dinamika kuantum berhubungan dengan sistem klasik dengan penerapan statistika pada model Hamiltonian sistem. Fungsi distribusi dapat mendeskripsikan bagaimana suatu sistem terdistribusi pada suatu ruang pada pandangan klasik namun untuk sistem kuantum fungsi distribusi adalah peluang dari sistem tersebut. Sistem klasik dan kuantum juga dipisahkan berdasarkan pada ketidakpastian Heisenberg tentang suatu pengukuran yang tidak bisa secara sekaligus dilakukan bersamaan. Model statistika-kuantum Budiyono-Rohrlich membawa suatu sistem klasik menjadi sistem kuantum dengan dua aksioma yaitu hukum kekekalan energi rata rata dan konservasi rapat probabilitas. Sistem klasik yang didefinisikan akan diatur dengan menambahkan dua variable matematis berupa ontic extensions dan epistemic restrictions dimana kedua variabel ini yang akan menghubungkan bagaimana sistem klasik bisa diubah menjadi sebuah sistem kuantum. Dua variabel matematis tadi membuat sebuah sistem bisa diperlihatkan ketidakpastiannya lewat perhitungan simpangan rata-rata dan hasilnya akan selalu memenuhi ketidakpastian Heisenberg
Keyword: fungsi distribusi, model Budiyono-Rohrlich, ontic extension, epistemic restriction, ketidakpastian Heisenberg