Judul: Simulasi hujan bulanan dengan model Markov untuk kebutuhan tanaman kelapa di Kalimantan Timur
Abstrak: Program perluasan areal kelapa di Indonesia perlu di- tunjang oleh pengetahuan mengenai kesesuaian iklim tanaman kelapa di suatu daerah agar diperoleh hasil yang maksimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan mengkarakterisasi daerah pengembangan kelapa di Kalimantan Timur.
Keyword: Cocos nucifera, model Markov, hujan bulanan

Judul: Model Simulasi Untuk Pendugan Curah Hujan Efektif (Effective Rainfall) Pada Lahan Kering
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan daerah tropika yang terletak antara 0 LU dan 11 LS dan 95 BT sampai 141 BT, mempunyai 60 dua musim yaitu musim kemarau dan musim hujan. Dalam pertumbuhan tanaman tidak semuanya curah hujan dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman, sehingga untuk perencanaan pertanian lahan kering perlu diperhatikan berapa besar curah hujan yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh tanaman dalam periode pertumbuhan. Tujuan penelitian adalah pembuatan model simulasi yang bertujuan untuk menduga besarnya curah hujan efektif untuk tanaman palawija, serta membuat program paket komputer dalam bahasa BASIC. Model yang cocok bagaimanapun juga bukan model yang be- nar, karena pada suatu saat seorang peneliti lain dapat me- nemukan model yang lebih cocok. Keadaan sifat fisik tanah yang mempengaruhi kemampuan tanah menahan air adalah keadaan tekstur, porositas, kedalam an (zona perakaran), aliran air dalam tanah. Ketersediaan air dalam tanah pada kondisi kapasitas la- pang merupakan kondisi yang baik bagi pertumbuhan tanaman. Beberapa faktor yang berpengaruh dalam ketersediaan air tanah ...
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Judul: The Characteristic of Antitetanus Immunoglobulin Y Isolated from Eggs to substitute Horse Antitetanus Serum
Abstrak: Laying hens are highly profitable producers of polyclonal antibodies in comparison with mammals as antibodies can be purified from egg yolks. The cost for producing IgY is lower than for mammalian antibodies since chicken housing is cheap and isolation process is economical, high yielding, uncomplicated and fast. The purpose of the study was to explore the opportunity of using antitetanus IgY from egg yolks to substitute the production of antitetanus serum from horses. The eggs were collected from adult Isa brown hens which have been immunized by tetanus toxoid. The immunization was applied intra venously with an initial dose of 15 Lf. The immunization was repeated three times with gradual dose of 100, 200, and 300 Lf with an interval of one week intra muscularly. The first immunization was tetanus toxoid mixed with Freund adjuvant complete and subsequently mixed with Freund adjuvant incomplete. Antitetanus IgY was extracted from egg yolks by means of PEG–Chloroform and purified using fast protein liquid chromatography. The purity of antitetanus IgY was determined by Bradford method (l = 595 nm) and Agar Gel Precipitation test. The molecular weight of purified antitetanus IgY was determined with Sodium Dodecyl Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis. The antitetanus IgY were treated by pH, heat, and enzyme. The biological activities of treated antitetanus IgY was determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Neutralization potency test of antitetanus IgY was determined by Spearman-Karber method. The antitetanus IgY highest titer of egg yolks was 80.16 ± 33.55 IU/ml reached at seven weeks after starting immunization schedule and the lowest was 1.69 ± 0.63 IU/ml. Protein concentration (IgY) after extraction and purification were 0.652 ± 0.041 mg/ml and 1.644 ± 0.424 mg/ml respectively . Biological activity of antitetanus IgY decreased significantly (p<0.01) at of pH 2, pH 3, and at 72.5 oC, and lost its activity at 90 oC after 20 minutes. Addition of 25% sucrose solution was able to maintain antitetanus IgY activity until 50 % at 75 oC for 5 minutes, while addition of 50% glucose solution increase antitetanus IgY activity at 75 oC and 80 oC for 5 minutes. The effect of pepsin, trypsin, and protease enzyme s decreased the activities of antitetanus IgY. Spearman-Karber value of potency of antitetanus IgY was 35 IU/ml. The injection of 0.2 and 0.4 IU antitetanus IgY per mice respectively, protect all mice from the letal dose tetanus toxin. The doses of 0.8 IU and 1 IU anti tetanus IgY per mice protected twice dose of letal tetanus toxin. Antitetanus IgY given orally on adult animal was ineffective as passive immunotherapy. This research concluded that the hens were capable of produc ing antitetanus in egg yolks and can be used as a resource of antitetanus serum to substitute horse antitetanus serum.
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