Judul: Kuda Beban Sebagai Alat Transportasi Di Kecamatan Saipar Dolok Hole  Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan Propinsi Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Horse has a big role in human life, such as transportation. The aim of this research was to collect information of management horse system for human goods transporter in Saipar Dolok Hole. The data was analyzed descriptively. The result showed that horse has been an important transportation to carry agriculture commodities. It doesn’t need a good education to be a coachman. The horses that were used for draft animal was Batak horse. The horses and their equipment is supplied by horse agency seller in Dolok Sanggul, North Tapanuli. Majority of the horses had a solid facial marking with brown basic colour of coat. The maintenance management of horse that use as draft horse is very traditional because the limited knowledge and equipment that coachman had. The coachman has his knowledge from other friends who also have a horse and long life experiences, that way can be affected in maintenance management of horses. The goverment and coachman have an important role to increase prosperity of horse in the future.
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Judul: Performa Kuda Delman Sebagai Alat Transportasi Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: This research was done from March up to April 2009 by observation and interview of coachman that used as draft animal or called “delman” in Bogor. The aim of this research was to collect information of management horse system for human transportation in Bogor. The data were analyzed descriptively. The research showed that the job as coachman was main source of money and doesn’t need a good education to be a coachman. The horses that used for draft animal was Sumba horse. The coachman bought their horse and the equipment in Bandung. The majority of horses has a solid facial marking with brown basic colour of coat. The maintenance management of horses that used by coachman is very traditional because the limited knowledge that coachman known. The coachman have their knowledge from other friends that work as coachman and legacy that have been passed on from one generation to other generation in their family. The presence of technology has been influence the prosperity of coachman and horse. It would have had an effect of maintenance management of horses. The government and coachman play an important role to increase the prosperity of horse with a good maintenance management. Keywords : Equus caballus, delman, traditional transportation
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Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity