Judul: Model hidrologi terdistribusi hujan – limpasan berbasis integrasi data radar cuaca dan observasi hujan permukaan di Das Ciliwung
Abstrak: Rainfall data from C-Band Doppler Radar (CDR), surface rainfall station (AWS), and water level station (AWLR) from 14 Januari to 15 Februari 2010, were used in this research to obtain the relationship between radar reflectivity and rainfall intensity (rain rate) and to simulate the rainfall - runoff in Ciliwung River basin using distributed hydrologic simulation model. Data processing were focussed on observation data during the Intensive Observational Period (IOP) at the five sites, namely: Citeko, Bogor, Serpong, Serang, and Pramuka Island. The relationship between radar reflectivity and rainfall intensity establish the empirical constants a and b which was derived from Marshall – Palmer formula, the most suitable Z – R relation from the five rainfall stations is from Bogor site. The relationship obtained for Bogor site: Z = 0.046175 R2.814297 with correlation determination is 24,19%. River flow simulations were exercised based on Bogor site relationship for three rainfall intensity levels: light rainfall (1 – 5 mm/hour), heavy rainfall (10 – 20 mm/hour), and very heavy rainfall/extreme (>20 mm/hour), while flow simulation for medium rainfall (5 – 10 mm/jam) was not done because the results showed no much difference with light and heavy rainfall. River flow simulations during the period of 22 to 24 January 2010 for light rainfall condition (1 – 5 mm/hour) indicate the flow rate has no response because rainfall use almost all for evaporation, during 4 to 6 February 2010 for heavy rainfall condition (10 – 20 mm/hour) the highest flow rate is 844,002 m3/s, and the highest flow rate of 887,66 m3/s and 760,852 m3/s occurred on 9 to 11 February 2010, with two peak flows on February 10, 2010, for very heavy rainfall condition (> 20 mm/hour). Therefore the radar technology has good potential for near real time monitoring of extreme weather in Indonesia and prediction of related floods.
Keyword: 

Judul: Alih Ragam Hujan Menjadi Debit di Sub DAS Ciliwung Hulu
Abstrak: Rainfall-discharge transformation in a watershed is an indicator that shows the capability of watershed to control water yield and flood. During 2007-2012, in the region of Jakarta and Bogor show that the rainfall transformation into runoff in Ciliwung watershed including upper watershed in Ciliwung remains high. Knowledge about rainfall transformation in Ciliwung upper watershed are needed. Hydrological models are possible to estimate that rainfall transformation. One of the models that currently often be used is SWAT (Soil Water Assessment Tools) model. The prediction of discharge with SWAT model in Ciliwung upper watershed has satisfying result with coefficient of determination (R2) 0.53 and NSE 0.73. Landuse changes from 2009 to 2012 has decreased the coefficient of measured runoff from 0.76 into 0.22 and based on the estimated runoff has decreased from 0.9 into 0.7. Based on the best scenario of the landuse changes is to apply soil and water conservation in agricultural land with contoured tillage and improving mixed agriculture with agroforestry system, rainfall – runoff transformation runoff decreased from 1763 mm/year into 1565.2 mm/year and the discharge decrease from 4367.0 mm/year into 4350.9 mm/year.
Keyword: SWAT model, rainfall, landuse, discharge

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography