Judul: Development of Village Youth Economic Institutions in Digital Era (A Study on the Management of Inter-Village Enterprises in Panca Mandala in Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya Regency)
Abstrak: The problem that generally occurs in Indonesia today is that people living in rural areas have not experienced high-speed internet networks, the availability of computer technology and good, fast and cheap telephone services (Subiakto 2013). In 2009, the Head of Mandalamekar Village, Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya Regency had to travel 30 km to one of the nearest internet cafes to fill out and start using the village website http://mandalamekar.wordpress.com as a way to introduce the condition of the village and its potential. This village website was created to convey village development activities and their potential even though signal conditions and internet access are not yet available. In 2011, the neighboring villages of Mandalamekar such as Papayan, Mandalahurip, and Kertarahayu took part in the Mandalamekar initiative to create a village website as a way to get attention and support from the government of Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province, and the Central Government. The rural digital divide lies in the lack of young village human resources, limited content, and limited internet access network infrastructure. The Panca Mandala Inter-Village Cooperation Area in Jatiwaras District, Tasikmalaya Regency, West Java Province is a rural area that has bottom-up initiatives. Aims to realize community welfare by forming a Joint Village Owned Enterprise as a forum for developing village community economic institutions. This study aims to describe the institutional form of BUM Desa Bersama in the Panca Mandala Rural area in responding to the community's mandate to optimize the region's main commodities and formulate a strategy for developing village youth community economic institutions in the digital era. This study uses qualitative methods supported by quantitative data. The research location is in BUM Desa Bersama Panca Mandala. This research was conducted from 2019 to July 2021. The subjects of this research consisted of respondents and informants. Data collection for program evaluation determined 30 respondents to manage BUM Desa Bersama, and the parties that formed Inter-Village Cooperation. The informants used in this study consisted of community leaders, village government, youth, farmers, traders, and breeders. The analysis results shows the level of progress in the management of BUM Desa Bersama are on an advanced scale (3.921). The biggest contribution to the assessment of the progress level of BUM Desa Bersama Panca Mandala is the evaluation factor for the achievement of the vision and mission (4.111), and the suitability of strategy and goals (4.375). Meanwhile, the assessment notes for the determinants of the evaluation of the management level (3.693) and the level of financial management (3.606), there are respondents who still place the BUM Desa Bersama Panca Mandala institution as advanced. There are several respondents who categorize the position of management and finance in a less developed condition and some even categorize it as not advanced. The analysis of the parties and respondents of the Panca Mandala Area at the Technology of Participation workshop showed the existence of BUM Desa Bersama in the category to carry out internal consolidation, especially on issues of business unit operational management and finance. Likewise, in the scope of inter-village cooperation, the parties encourage BKAD management and BUM Desa
Keyword: BUM Desa Bersama, desa digital, kerjasama, pemuda, strategi aksi, BUM Desa Bersama, desa digital, kerjasama, pemuda, strategi aksi

Judul: Transformasi Digital Masyarakat Desa-Kota melalui Pengembangan Usaha Penyediaan Internet BUM Desa (Kajian di Desa Cibiru Wetan, Kabupaten Bandung)
Abstrak: Akses terhadap jaringan internet telah menjadi kebutuhan yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat. Hal tersebut menjadi faktor awal yang dapat mendorong warga desa mengalami transformasi digital. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengindentifikasi transformasi digital rumah tangga pengguna internet. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode explanatory sequential mixed method dengan penelitian kuantitatif yang melibatkan 60 rumah tangga dan penelitian kualitatif yang melakukan wawancara dengan 8 informan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usaha penyediaan internet oleh BUM Desa ditemukan telah mendorong penerapan teknologi digital menuju transformasi digital di Desa Cibiru Wetan, Kecamatan Cileunyi, Kabupaten Bandung. Terdapat hubungan korelasi antara karakteristik rumah tangga dan tingkat penggunaan sumber daya digital maupun tingkat penggunaan sumber daya digital rumah tangga dan tujuan penggunaan teknologi digital. Namun, digitalisasi yang dikembangkan belum mewujudkan transformasi digital di desa, baik untuk kalangan komunitas maupun rumah tangga. Kata kunci: BUM Desa, desa digital, internet desa, transformasi digital, Access to internet networks has become a necessity felt by society. This is the initial factor that can encourage village residents to experience digital transformation. The aim of this research is to identify the digital transformation of internet user households. This research used an explanatory sequential mixed method with quantitative research involving 60 households and qualitative research involving interviews with 8 informants. The research results show that efforts to provide internet by BUM Desa were found to have encouraged the application of digital technology towards digital transformation in Cibiru Wetan Village, Cileunyi District, Bandung Regency. There is a correlation between household characteristics and the level of digital resource use as well as the level of household digital resource use and the purpose of using digital technology. However, the digitalization that has been developed has not yet realized digital transformation in villages, both for communities and households. Keywords: BUM Desa, digital transformation, village digitization, village internet
Keyword: BUM Desa, desa digital, internet desa, transformasi digital

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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