Judul: Kombinasi Teknik Top Down dan Bottom Up dalam Pembuatan Nanokristalin Hidroksiapatit dari Batu Gamping.
Abstrak: The synthesis of nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite from limestone has been investigated by precipitation methode. The origin material of nanocystalline hydroxyapatite fabrication are ammonium hydrogen phosphate and calcinated limestone at 900 oC during 4 hours which produced calcium oxide (CaO). This research focuses on the influence of addition rate calcium solution and calcium precursor size. Various size of calcium precursor was prepared by milling CaO using HEM. From theParticle Size Analyzer (PSA) analysis result show that calsium before miling has a average size 45 μm and after milling 387.89 to 2,162.66 nanometers depending on the duration of milling time. Morphological analysis by SEM measurament shows that the particle of HAp are tightly agglomerated and globular in shape. The EDX analysis showed that the ratio of Ca/P hydroxyapatite which using calcium precursor from miling and without miling was 1.67 and 1.61, respectively. TEM images showed the crystal size distribution and morphology. Nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite formed has a size of length 10-150 nm and diameter 10-40 nm.
Keyword: precipitation., nanocrystalline, Limestone, hydroxyapatite, High Energy milling

Judul: Pemanfaatan cangkang kerang darah dalam Sintesis Nanohidroksiapatit
Abstrak: Research on the synthesis and characterization of nanohydroxyapatite, by using the source of calcium from the shells of mussles blood has been conducted. This research used ultrasonic waves through ultrasonication and precipitation methods for the shyntesis. Nanohydroxyapatite obtained was based on two treatmens which were CaO powder ultrasonication and hydroxyapatite powder ultrasonication. Ultrasonication process aims to minimize the spread and average particel size by using cavitation effect of ultrasonic waves propagating in a liquid medium. Ultrasonication in this research was counducted in three variation of time which were 30, 60 and 120 minutes with three replications for each treatment. The results of XRD characterization showed that for HA from CaO ultrasonication, appeared other phases whice are TCP and OCP. The result of optimum time for ultrasonication was 60 minutes. This is because at the time of ultrasonication 30 and 120 minutes, the distribution and average particle size were very large.
Keyword: XRD, ultrasonication, PSA, Hydroxyapatite

Judul: Penyakit Bluetongue Pada Ternak Domba
Abstrak: Bluetongue (BT) adalah penyakit akuta, non conta gious yang disebabkan oleh Arbo Virus (16), menyerang ternak domba maupun ruminant lainnya. Penularan penyakit ini dari satu hewan ke hewan rentan dilakukan oleh anthro poda genus Culicoides Sp (24,26). Penyakit BT pada domba pertama kali dilaporkan Hutcheon (1902) dan Spreull ( 1902,1905) sewaktu oleh kejadian endemik di Afrika Selatan (9), dan jauh sebelumnya yaitu pada tahun 1876 penyakit semacam BT telah dikenal (9). Transportasi dan mobilisasi ternak yang tinggi memu dahkan penyebaran BT ke negara lain yaitu Cyprus (1924) Turki (1944), Israel (1951), Amerika (1952), Spanyol (1958), Pakistan (1960) India (1964), Australia (1975), dan pada tahun 1981 penyakit BT telah ditemukan di Indonesia tepatnya di daerah Caringin Bogor yang menye rang domba impor yaitu Ras Sufflok asal Australia (16,22 ). Domba merupakan hewan yang paling rentan terhadap BT (21). Kerentanan dari masing-masing ras domba pun berbeda dan umumnya BT menyerang domba diatas 1 tahun (23). Diduga sapi bertindak sebagai reservoar (12), hanya sekitar 5% sapi yang terserang BT memperlihatkan gejala pe nyakit dengan derajat sedang sampai berat. Masa inkubasi ET pada domba yang terinfeksi secara alami diperkirakan selama 7 hari sedang pada infeksi buatan antara 2 hari- sampai 15 hari ( rata-rata 4 sampai 7 hari) (12).
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