Judul: Keragaman, Kisaran Inang dan Efisiensi Penularan Bean common mosaic virus dengan Kutudaun pada Tanaman Kacang Panjang
Abstrak: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is one of the important viruses infecting yard long beans. Severe yellow mosaic symptoms different from common symptoms of BCMV was observed in 2008 in several yard long bean growing areas in West Java and Central Java found. This severe yellow mosaic symptom is caused by Bean common mosaic virus Blackeye Cowpea strain (BCMV-BlC) or double infection of BCMV-BlC and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV). Information on characters of BCMV-BlC on yard long beans in Indonesia is very limited, despite its importance for the determination of virus control strategy. Therefore this study aims to determine the diversity, host range and transmission efficiency of BCMV-BlC using 3 aphid species . Leaf samples showing yellow mosaic symptoms were taken from yard long bean plants in 3 villages in Dramaga, Bogor, West Java i.e. Bubulak, Cangkurawok, and Situgede and 10 leaf samples from several areas in West Java [Bogor (Bojong), Subang, Indramayu and Cirebon], and Central Java (Tegal, Klaten, Solo, Magelang, Sleman, and Jogjakarta) collection of Plant Virology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB. Leaf samples were detected by serological using antiserum of BCMV and molecular method using specific primer for BCMV coat protein (CP). Amplified DNA products was then used for nucleotide sequencing followed by sequence allignment and phylogenetic tree analysis. Limited host range study and transmission of BCMV-BlC using three species of aphids was done for BCMV-BlC Cangkurawok isolates. BCMV-BlC isolated by inoculation on indicator plants Chenopodium amaranticolor. Local lesions (LL) were taken and inoculated serially to C. amaranticolor for 3 times to purify the virus. Finally, LL was inoculated on bean cultivar Parade and used as sources of inoculum for further test. A host range study was conducted by inoculating BCMV-BlC mechanically using 18 plant species from 3 families. Transmission efficiency test was done using 3 aphid species i.e. Aphis craccivora Koch, A. gossypii Glover and A. glycines Matsumura with treatment of aphids numbers (1, 3, 5, 7 and 10). Both host range and transmission efficiency studies was conduxted using 15 plants per treatment. Parameter for both studies includes incubation period, type of symptoms and disease incidence. In addition to visual observation, infection of BCMV-BlC on test plants was confirmed by using Dot Immunobinding Assay (DIBA). Based on field observations, the symptoms can be differentiated into 2 groups. The first group consist of those symptoms showing mosaic with light green to bright yellow unevenly (heavy yellow mosaic), vein banding, malformation of leaves (leaf curl like crackers, pucker along the veins), leaf blister, and stunted growth. The second group are those symptoms showing mosaic pattern of light green to yellow (medium yellow mosaic) and vein banding. Molecular detection by RT-PCR are successfully amplified ~861 bp viral DNA from 8 out of 13 BCMV isolates. DNA analysis was able to allign sequence of BCMV collected from Cangkurawok, Cirebon, Subang, Tegal, Solo and Sleman, but was unable to allign the sequence of BCMV isolates from Bubulak and Bojong. Further analysis showed that 4 BCMV isolates (Cangkurawok, Subang, Solo and Sleman) has the highest homology to BCMV-BlC from Taiwan,
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Judul: Seleksi Substansi Antivirus Asal Tanaman dan Efikasinya dalam Mengendalikan Bean common mosaic virus Strain Black eye cowpea (BCMV-BlC) pada Kacang Panjang.
Abstrak: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV) is an important virus on yard long bean and it is difficult to control. Control efforts by utilizing antiviral substances of plant origin is worthy to studied. The research was done to select and test the effectiveness of plant extracts in suppressing BCMV infection on yard long bean. Twenty two plant extracts were selected by (1) spraying the crude extract to Chenopodium amaranticolor leaves, then plant inoculated by BCMV 1 hour after spraying, and (2) mixturing the crude extract with sap containing BCMV, then inoculated mechanically to C. amaranticolor. Lesio local number and lesio local inhibition percentage are measured. All plant extract treatments were able to reduced lesio local formation significantly in compare to untreatment control. Further, extracts treatment showing highest lesio local inhibition are selected to test the efectiveness in supressing BCMV infecting yard long bean in green house trial. Fifthteen plant extracts which may containing antiviral substances and inducing plant systemic resistance on yard long bean showed that except geranium and red ginger extracts, other plant extract treatments were able to reduced disease incidence and severity, milder symptom, and decreased BCMV titer, respectively. Among tested plant extracts, the most effective in suppressing BCMV infection are Bougainvillea spectabilis , Mirabilis jalapa, and Celosia cristata.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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