Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Calpain (CAPN|RsaI) pada Sapi Pedaging Indonesia Menggunakan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Gen Calpain (CAPN) merupakan gen kandidat potensial yang diidentifikasi dapat mempengaruhi keempukan daging. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen Calpain (CAPN|RsaI) pada sapi pedaging Indonesia menggunakan metode PCR-RFLP. Sampel darah diambil dari 110 ekor sapi yang terdiri dari sapi bali, peranakan ongole, dan limousin. Enzim yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah RsaI. Analisis data dilakukan dengan menghitung frekuensi alel dan genotipe, keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg, dan derajat heterozigositas (heterozigositas harapan dan heterozigositas pengamatan). Hasil analisis gen CAPN|RsaI pada sapi bali, peranakan ongole, dan limousin bersifat polimorfik. Frekuensi alel C lebih tinggi dari frekuensi alel T pada semua populasi. Sampel sapi bali berada pada keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg, sedangkan sampel sapi peranakan ongole dan limousin tidak seimbang (P>0.05). Nilai heterozigositas pengamatan pada ketiga sampel berkisar antara 0.05-0.34 lebih rendah dari 0.50. Keragaman gen CAPN dapat dijadikan sebagai kandidat marker sifat keempukan daging pada sapi bali, peranakan ongole, dan limousin.
Keyword: gen CAPN, PCR-RFLP, polimorfik

Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Calpastatin (CAST) pada Bangsa Sapi Pedaging dengan Teknik PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Gen calpastatin merupakan salah satu gen mempengaruhi keempukan daging dan memiliki fungsi sebagai penghambat protein sel otot. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen CAST pada bangsa sapi pedaging (bali, limousin, dan PO). Total sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 127 sampel, terdiri dari 48 sampel sapi bali, 19 sampel sapi limousin dan 60 sampel sapi PO. Sampel berasal dari darah masing-masing sapi. Teknik PCR-RFLP digunakan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen CAST menggunakan enzim restriksi Cfr13I. Analisis data menggunakan frekuensi alel, frekuensi genotipe, dan keseimbangan Hardy-Weinberg. Fragmen yang dihasilkan dari amplifikasi gen CAST memiliki panjang 624 bp yang terletak pada intron 15 dengan suhu annealing 60 oC selama 10 detik. Hasil genotyping CAST|Cfr13I menunjukkan sapi bali memiliki alel polimorfik, frekuensi alel G (0.68) lebih tinggi dari alel A (0.32). Frekuensi alel G (1.00) pada sapi limousin dan PO. Keragaman gen CAST pada sapi limousin dan PO bersifat monomorfik dan pada populasi sapi bali bersifat polimorfik.
Keyword: gen calpastatin, keragaman, PCR-RFLP, sapi pedaging

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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