Judul: Development of Premium Quality Rice as a Strategy to Increase Rice Farmers’ Income: Case Study on Development of Organic Rice in Klaten Regency, Central Java
Abstrak: product on the rice self-sufficiency program leads this rice to the perfect competition market and has not been able to generate rice farmers’ welfare. Development of premium quality rice as a heterogeneous and specific product, and leads this rice to the monopolistic competition market, and believes as an effective policy to generate rice farmers’ welfare. This study aims on evaluating potencies and constraints on development of organic rice as a strategy to increase rice farmers' income with case study on development of organic rice in Klaten Regency, Central Java Province. This study used Cobb Douglass production function and descriptive analysis. Results showed that organic rice productivity and farm income are higher than non-organic rice and almost all of production inputs have significant effect on organic rice production. Development of organic rice has high potencies and also has various constraints including wrong perceptions about organic rice, low financial capability of farmers, scarcity of organics’ fertilizer and pesticide, lack of organic rice processing equipments, low extension and assistance of technology, and weak standards and quality certification system implementation of organic rice. This research concluded that development of organic rice as one of the types of premium quality of rice could be an effective strategy to increase farmers’ income and since organic rice productivity can be equal to the non-organic rice; this will not disturb the rice self-sufficiency program. The government needs to encourage the development of organic rice through increasing the utilization of development potency and handling the various constraints of organic rice development. Government should implement the comprehensive policy especially by increasing the promotion and dissemination of organic rice, providing the capital and improving access of organic rice farmers, improving the ability of farmers in producing organic fertilizers and pesticides, providing post harvesting and equipment organic rice processing, increasing the number of extension workers and intensity of the extension and assistance, providing certification institution, quality assessors, and improving farmers' access to quality certification institution.
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Judul: Comparative Analysis of Techincal Efficiency of Semi Organic and Conventional Rice Farming in Bogor [Case in Situ Gede and Sindang Barang Villages].
Abstrak: Rice is a sub sector of agriculture and economic that very important and strategics. The needed for food is increasing from year to year. This is because increasing of population. An increasing number of needs caused the government to implement the green revolution program to increase rice productivity. However, the application of green revolution give impact to environmental pollution due to the use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Impact of pollution caused by use of chemicals for agriculture cause people aware with environment and health. West Java is one of Indonesia's rice-producing areas. However, rice cultivation in West Java still use chemical fertilizers and pesticides and several new areas to develop organic farming. Areas that have started organic farming one of them in the city of Bogor, which is in Situ Gede Village, Sindang Barang Village, and Mulyaharja Village.Because there are still many problems to become the organic rice so that only Situ Gede village that is still developing semi organic rice until now. Nevertheless, Bogor city government is developing organic rice farming program again. However, because there are some provisions that must be fulfilled to be organic rice so few producers called the organic rice with semi organic or healthy rice. Production and income of semi organic rice farmers organic not fully in line with expectations. Semi organic rice production is still low (about 5-6 tonnes/ha) so that farmers incomes were low. Besides that, sometimes semi organic rice prices are still the same as conventional rice prices because of marketing uncertain. Indicated that a narrow planting area causing less efficient farmers in cultivation. Organic rice cultivation by semi-organic rice farmers indicated was not efficient due to the high cost of producing organic rice, farmers' income levels are still low, rice production is still below potential output and the price of organic rice that is not much different even with rice conventional. To reach organic rice farming takes time, long proces and sustainable process. This study aims: (1) to analyze the factors that influence semi organic and conventional rice farming, (2) to analyze technical efficiency semi organic and conventional rice farming and (3) to analyze rice farming income between semi organic and conventional rice farming. To answer these research purposes the data were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively with stochastic frontier Cobb Douglas production function. The estimation results of stochastic frontier production function semi organic rice farming, the production function models considered fit for fulfilling the assumption of Cobb-Douglas. Estimation results of the production function with the MLE method shows that there are three variables with a positive and significant coefficient on rice production is semi organic land area, elements of K and organic pesticides. Land use positively and significantly with the elasticity of 0.994 indicates that the addition of 1% land area will increase rice production amounted to 0.994% with other factors held constant. The elasticity of the element K to the production of 0.005 showed that the addition of elements of K by 1% would increase rice yield by 0.005% with other factors held constant. Botanical pesticides variable positive and significant
Keyword: stochastic frontier, organic farming, production, inefficiency

Judul: Perhitungan penampang hamburan elastik en→en dengan dua macam faktor bentuk: galster dan miller
Abstrak: Penampang hamburan model Galster dan Miller nilainya tergantung pada sudut hambur dan energi elektron datang. Pada variasi sudut mulai 5o sampai 135o dihasilkan penampang hamburan yang nilainya semakin kecil. Hal yang sama diperoleh pada variasi energi elektron datang mulai 0.3 sampai 3.5 GeV. Perbedaan model penampang hamburan Galster dan Miller terletak pada nilai momen magnetik neutronnya. Model penampang hamburan Galster dan Miller memiliki perbedaan pada kisaran energi mulai 0.3 sampai 1.0 GeV dan kesamaan pada kisaran energi mulai 1.0 sampai 3.5 GeV.
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