Judul: Farming Costs and Factors Affecting Rice Production in West Java
Abstrak: One of the largest rice producing regions in Indonesia is West Java province as a production center. However, there is a problem with rice productivity in West Java which has decreased over the last five years before the pandemic. The decline in productivity is thought to be due to ineffective use of production inputs. The aim of this research is to analyze farming costs and what factors influence rice production in West Java. Production inputs that are thought to influence rice production are land area, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, liquid pesticides, and type of rice seed. The analysis used is descriptive analysis to analyze rice farming costs and quantitative analysis to analyze the relationship between production input and output using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results of the research show that the total costs incurred in Ciherang and IR-64 rice farming were Rp12.919.351 and Rp8.870.847 respectively. The input factors of land area, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, liquid pesticide, and type of rice seed together have a significant effect on rice production in West Java, but partially only the input of land area, amount of urea fertilizer, and type of rice seed have a significant effect. on rice production in West Java., One of the largest rice producing regions in Indonesia is West Java province as a production center. However, there is a problem with rice productivity in West Java which has decreased over the last five years before the pandemic. The decline in productivity is thought to be due to ineffective use of production inputs. The aim of this research is to analyze farming costs and what factors influence rice production in West Java. Production inputs that are thought to influence rice production are land area, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, liquid pesticides, and type of rice seed. The analysis used is descriptive analysis to analyze rice farming costs and quantitative analysis to analyze the relationship between production input and output using the Cobb-Douglas production function. The results of the research show that the total costs incurred in Ciherang and IR-64 rice farming were Rp12.919.351 and Rp8.870.847 respectively. The input factors of land area, urea fertilizer, NPK fertilizer, liquid pesticide, and type of rice seed together have a significant effect on rice production in West Java, but partially only the input of land area, amount of urea fertilizer, and type of rice seed have a significant effect. on rice production in West Java
Keyword: farming costs, function production, Ciherang, IR-64

Judul: Factors Affecting Rice Availability in West Java Province
Abstrak: Ketahanan pangan merupakan salah satu hal penting yang menjadi urgensi sebuah negara. Ketahanan pangan terdiri dari tiga pilar, yaitu ketersediaan pangan (food availability), keterjangkauan pangan (food accessibility), dan pemanfaatan pangan (food utilization). Salah satu pangan yang menjadi kebutuhan pokok masyarakat Indonesia adalah beras sehingga ketersediaan beras menjadi hal yang sangat penting. Provinsi Jawa Barat sebagai salah satu lumbung padi di Indonesia berperan penting dalam menopang ketersediaan beras nasional. Adapun produksi padi di Provinsi Jawa Barat mengalami fluktuasi dalam kurun waktu lima tahun terakhir dimana produksi padi di 19 wilayah kabupatennya jauh lebih besar dibandingkan dengan di delapan wilayah perkotaannya. Selain itu, luas areal panen padi dan jumlah konsumsi beras per kapita di Provinsi Jawa Barat juga mengalami fluktuasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini, yaitu mengkaji perkembangan luas areal panen padi, jumlah penduduk, curah hujan, produktivitas lahan, jumlah konsumsi beras per kapita, dan produksi padi 27 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan statistik deskriptif menggunakan tools Stata 17 dan Microsoft Excel 2021, menghitung rasio ketersediaan beras 27 kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat dengan menggunakan indikator rasio ketersediaan beras berdasarkan Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA), serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan beras di Provinsi Jawa Barat menggunakan metode analisis regresi data panel dinamis Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) dengan tools Stata 17. Adapun data penelitian ini adalah data sekunder 27 Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Jawa Barat periode tahun 2013 sampai dengan 2022 bersumber dari Badan Pusat Statistik (BPS) serta Dinas Ketahanan Pangan dan Peternakan Provinsi Jawa Barat. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah berdasarkan range indikator rasio ketersediaan beras ketahanan pangan Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2013 sampai dengan 2017 mengalami surplus sedang, kecuali pada tahun 2015 mengalami surplus rendah, serta tahun 2018 sampai dengan 2022 mengalami surplus rendah, kecuali tahun 2020 mengalami defisit rendah. Adapun faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ketersediaan beras di Provinsi Jawa Barat, yaitu luas areal panen padi, jumlah penduduk, curah hujan, produktivitas lahan serta produksi padi., Food security is one of the important things that become the urgency of a country. Food security consists of three pillars, namely food availability, food accessibility, and food utilization. One of the staple foods for the Indonesian people is rice, so the availability of rice is very important. West Java Province as one of the rice barns in Indonesia plays an important role in sustaining national rice availability. The production of rice in West Java Province has fluctuated in the last five years where rice production in its 19 districts is much greater than in its eight urban areas. In addition, the rice harvest area and the amount of rice consumption per capita in West Java Province have also fluctuated. The objectives of this study are to examine the development of rice harvest area, population, rainfall, land productivity, total rice consumption per capita, and rice production in 27 districts/cities in West Java Province using descriptive statistics using Stata 17 and Microsoft Excel 2021 tools, to calculate the rice availability ratio of 27 districts/cities in West Java Province using rice availability ratio indicators based on the Food Security and Vulnerability Atlas (FSVA), and to analyze the factors affecting rice
Keyword: GMM, Food Security, Rice Availability, Rice Availability Ratio

Judul: Sifat optik dan sifat listrik diode schottky film Barium Titanat (BaTiO3) berstruktur emas - BaTiO3 (Metal – ferroelektrik)
Abstrak: Diode Schottky (emas - BaTiO3) berhasil dibuat dengan ditumbuhkan di atas permukaan interdigital electrode berbahan emas(Au) menggunakan metode Chemical Solution Deposition (CSD) . Film BaTiO3 dibuat dengan proses annealing pada suhu 400oC dengan variasi holding time annealing 4 jam dan 10 jam. Karakterisasi sifat optik diode Schottky dilakukan menggunakan UV-Vis Spektrofotometer untuk memperoleh nilai energi gap Film BaTiO3. Nilai energi gap BaTiO3 pada dua perlakuan holding time annealing 4 jam dan 10 jam sebesar 3.27 eV dan 3.21 eV dan nilai energi gap tersebut termasuk dalam kategori semikonduktor. Karakterisasi sifat listrik diode Schottky dilakukan menggunakan LCR Meter yang didapatkan nilai konduktivitas listrik pada Holding time annealing 10 jam lebih besar daripada 4 jam. Kemudian, didapatkan nilai impedansi yang menunjukkan bahwa pada holding time annealing 4 jam lebih besar daripada holding time 10 jam. Didapatkan pula nilai konstanta dielektrik yang menunjukkan pada waktu holding time annealing 4 jam lebih besar daripada 10 jam.
Keyword: Barium titanat, diode schotty, ferroelektrik, sifat optik, sifat listrik, emas, metal