Judul: Aplikasi Nanokalsium Cangkang Udang Vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) untuk Mempertahankan Kekuatan Gigi.
Abstrak: Udang vannamei (Litopenaeus vannamei) merupakan salah satu produk perikanan unggulan sektor perikanan. Tingginya permintaan udang vannamei menghasilkan limbah cangkang yang belum termanfaatkan secara optimal. Limbah cangkang udang vannamei mengandung kalsium yang dapat dimanfaatkan untuk memepertahankan kekuatan gigi. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuat dan menganalisis karakteristik nanokalsium dari cangkang udang vannamei serta menentukan efektivitas nanokalsium yang ditambahkan pada obat kumur komersil terhadap kekuatan gigi. Penelitian meliputi tiga tahap, yaitu analisis bahan baku dan pembuatan nanokalsium, analisis karakteristik nanokalsium, dan analisis in vitro. Cangkang udang vannamei memiliki kadar air 11,31%; kadar protein 39,89%; kadar abu 21%; kadar lemak 0,14%; dan kadar karbohidrat 27,67%. Nanokalsium cangkang udang vannamei memiliki rendemen 16,12%; derajat keasaman 7,9; derajat putih 99,64%; kadar air 0,75%; kadar abu 75,08%; dan kalsium 67,36%. Ukuran diameter partikel nanokalsium adalah 32,66-124,9 nm. Hasil analisis in vitro menunjukkan penambahan nanokalsium 1% dan 3 % ke dalam obat kumur belum memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap kekuatan gigi.
Keyword: kekuatan gigi, Litopenaeus vannamei, nanokalsium

Judul: Pemanfaatan Nanokalsium dan Nanokitosan dari Limbah Cangkang Kepiting (Scylla sp.) sebagai Obat Kumur
Abstrak: Nanokalsium merupakan kalsium yang memiliki ukuran mencapai 10-9 m dan lebih cepat terserap ke dalam tubuh yang diperoleh dari limbah cangkang kepiting (Scylla sp.). Salah satu terobosan terbaru adalah menjadikan nanokalsium pada obat kumur yang ditambah nanokitosan untuk mencegah pertumbuhan bakteri di dalam mulut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis nanokalsium, menentukan efektivitas nanokitosan dalam mengurangi aktivitas bakteri di dalam mulut dan membandingkan hasil obat kumur dengan produk komersial. Penelitian dilakukan beberapa tahap, yaitu ekstraksi nanokalsium, pengujian mineral dengan AAS, pengujian PSA, dan Mikrobiologi dengan TPC. Hasil kadar air nanokalsium menunjukkan hasil rataan 11,63%. Hasil uji total mineral pada Ca sebesar 796444,9±841,9 ppm. Nilai derajat putih nanokalsium mencapai 96,8%. Analisis SEM nanokalsium memiliki ukuran 134-156,34 nm. Ukuran nanokitosan pada analisis PSA sebesar 401,46 nm. Hasil terbaik uji total plate count (TPC) pada konsentrasi 0,5%.
Keyword: cangkang kepiting, kitosan, mouthwash, nanokalsium, scylla sp

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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