Judul: Bleaching Process Design in the Production Process of Sodium Alginate from Brown Seaweed (Sargassum sp.).
Abstrak: Perendaman rumput laut cokelat dalam natrium karbonat dapat menghasilkan ekstrak alginat, yang kemudian dapat diubah menjadi asam alginat dengan penambahan asam. Namun komponen warna kromofor terbentuk selama proses ekstraksi. Hal ini menghasilkan produk natrium alginat dengan kualitas yang rendah. Penambahan NaOCl dapat mengoksidasi komponen zat warna kromofor yang terekstraksi sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas produk natrium alginat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas produk natrium alginat melalui desain proses pemucatan dari hasil ektraksi secara alkali dari rumput laut cokelat. Proses pemucatan natrium alginat dilakukan dengan penambahan larutan NaOCl 10% sebanyak 0%, 10%, dan 20% dari filtrat alginat. Produk natrium alginat dievaluasi parameter antara lain, rendemen, kadar abu, kadar air, nilai pH, viskositas, dan derajat putih. Proses yang terpilih adalah penambahan NaOCl 10% sebesar 10%, yang menghasilkan karakteristik rendemen 13.79 ± 2.67%, viskositas 45.00 ± 7.07 cPs, derajat putih 35.75 ± 1.64 %, kadar air 7.04 ± 0.09 %, pH 8.75 ± 0.85 %, dan kadar abu 31.10 ± 1.20 %. Kata Kunci : Sargassum sp. natrium alginat, ekstraksi alkali, pemucatan, NaOCl
Keyword: Sargassum sp, sodium alginate, alkaline extraction, bleaching, NaOCl

Judul: Kajian penggunaan NaOCl dan kaporit pada pemucatan natrium alginat dari rumput laut cokelat (Sargassus polycystum)
Abstrak: Seaweed which is commonly found is mainly from red algae, green algae, and brown algae. Unfortunately, the utilization of seaweed in Indonesia has not been deeply explored. One product that can be obtained from seaweed extraction is alginate. Alginate can be extracted from Alginophyt plant, a group of brown seaweed (Phaeophyceae). Seaweed from brown algae contains approximately 20% of alginate. This compound is the main component of brown algae's cell wall and can be commercialized as gel, filler, stabilizer, emulsifier as well as basic ingredient in food processing, pain industry, pharmacy, and as explosive material. Sodium alginate is water soluble and has high commodity value. Based on Food grade and Pharmaceutical grade, degree of whiteness is one of the most important factors to determine the quality of sodium alginate.
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Judul: Analisis Model Pandemik dan Prepandemik Avian Influenza pada Populasi Manusia
Abstrak: Avian influenza is a viral disease caused by a virus within the subtype of H5N1 in which its transmission caused by birds or human. In human population, transmission process of avian influenza is discussed in the model called: bird model, prepandemic model and pandemic model. The bird model has two equlibrium points. These are saddle disease free equilibrium and stable endemic equilibrium. The endemic equlibrium occurred when the reproduction number of avian influenza is greater than one. In the endemic equilibrium, avian influenza may infect both bird and human. The prepandemic model has two equilibrium points. These are avian influenza dominant equilibrium and human influenza dominant equilibrium. The human influenza dominant equilibrium occurred when the reproduction number of human influenza is greater than one. The pandemic model has one pandemic equlibrium. The human influenza pandemic occurred when the ratio of human influenza invasion, pandemic invasion and the reproduction number of human influenza is greater than one, respectively. The avian influenza pandemic occurred when the ratio of human influenza invasion, pandemic invasion is less than one and the reproduction number of avian influenza greater than one, respectively.
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