Judul: Kajian Membran Nilon pada Proses Filtrasi Bertahap Sistem Cross-Flow untuk Desalinasi Air Payau
Abstrak: The membrane is semi-permeable coating that can form a thin layer separating the two phases with different characters. The membrane used was a nylon membrane. Membrane is used as a filter for the filtration process gradual cross-flow system. Cross-flow technique used to filter the water by passing the water on the membrane with 90° angular position to the normal line of membrane with the variation of the mass 6, 6.5 and 7 g. The filtration was done at pressure of 2.5, 5, 6, 7 and 8 psi. Each membrane was tested for compressive strength and tensile strength before and after each used. SEM test used to see the surface morphology of membrane before and after each used. In brackish water was done flux test and rejection test such as turbidity, salinity, density, and ph. Tests were performed on each filtration flux where the highest flux value is at 6 g membrane. The best rejection and mechanical test at 6.5 g membrane.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), flux, cross-flow, filtration, nylon, membrane

Judul: Filtrasi Air Sungai Menggunakan Membran Nilon dengan Metode Dead-End
Abstrak: On this research nylon membrane be used as filtration media of river water. Filtration did use with deadend method it is a methode position of membran is perpendicular with feed. River water characterized physicly before and after filtration. There are characterizations observed viscosity, turbidity, and density. There are three variant mass of nylon 5, 6 and 6.5 grams. The methode of sintesize membrane is phase inversion. Rejection of 6.5 grams is the biggest it is 69.98% for turbidity rejection, 98.67% for viscosity rejection and 21.06% for density rejection. Membrane was test its strength and morphology used Economic Force Sensor and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) before and after filtration in variant mass. The strength of membrane before filtration is more low than membrane after filtration and the more weight nylon mass the more its strength. The size of pore membrane is 5 micrometre and it’s categorized as microfiltration. There is a fouling in morphology of membrane after filtration and the more weight nylon mass the more tiny its pore
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), river water, nylon, membrane, filtration

Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates