Judul: Komposisi Jenis dan Struktur Tegakan Hutan di Cagar Alam Dungus Iwul, Jawa Barat-Banten
Abstrak: Forests have a very big role, both as an imbalance of the ecosystem, increase the income of a country as well as support development in other sectors. Country that has a huge potential of forests is Indonesian. Forest destruction in Indonesia reached 2.8 million hectares per year of total forest area covering 120 million hectares that is spread all over Indonesia. Of the total forest area, about 57 to 60 million hectares of already degraded and the damage that Indonesia now has only forest in good condition about 50% of the total area available, while the forest area in West Java province decreased to less than 10 percent in 2010. Nature Reserves Dungus Iwul an illustration of the lowland forests. Research related to the high diversity of flora and ecological plants ever done by some researchers but scientific publications is not commonly found, that its presence seemed to have forgotten. Because biodiversity is still little information in the Nature Reserve Dungus Iwul, hence the need for a study to determine the degree of biodiversity and especially the type of tree. This study was conducted from January through February 2010 in the Nature Reserve of Dungus Iwul, West Java. This study was performed by using vegetation analysis technique which constitutes combination between strip method for tree stage vegetation inventory and plotted line method for forest regeneration inventory. Sampling units were placed in the field with sampling design of systematic sampling with random start. Based on the results, the highest number of plant species found on the smallest growth rate of saplings and poles at the level of growth. Iwul plant species (Orania sylvicola) is the dominant species at all type of plant with the different codominant species, Leea aequata for seedlings, Helicia serata at the level of sapling and poles, and Aporosa microcalyx at tree level. Diversity index (H') and evenness in Nature Reserves Dungus Iwul were high. The species richness was high for seedling, sapling and pole stages, however, is the middle level for tree stage. The structure of forest stands in CA Dungus Iwul characterized by increasingly large diameter stem the diminishing number of individuals. Forest vegetation in CA Dungus Iwul vertically composed of three strata. For all species irregular pattern showed clustered
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Judul: Komposisi Jenis dan Struktur Tegakan Hutan di Taman Nasional Gunung Ciremai, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: INTRODUCTION. The existence of forest as an ecosystem is important for life supporting system. This is because the forest produces various benefits, either in the form of services or goods which are very useful for life. In West Java, as in other parts of Indonesia, forests which are still having relatively good condition, are found only in conservation areas. One of the forest conservation areas which is relatively large is Gunung Ciremai National Park (TNGC). The TNGC constitutes a nature conservation area which possesses important ecological function as life supporting system for the surrounding ecosystem. However, information concerning the existing biodiversity in TNGC is still lacking. Therefore, there is a need for more studies to obtain information on biodiversity level and forest composition and structure in TNGC. METHODOLOGY. This study was conducted from August through September 2008 in altitude zones of < 1.000 m above sea level (asl) (lowland zone), 1.000 – 2400 m asl (montane zone), and > 2.400 m asl (sub alpine zone) in Gunung Ciremai National Park, West Java. This study was performed by using vegetation analysis technique which constitutes combination between strip method for tree stage vegetation inventory and plotted line method for forest regeneration inventory. To ease the inventory process, each strip was divided into plots of 20 m X 20 m for tree stage vegetation inventory, 10 m X 10 m for pole stage inventory, 5 m X 5 m for sapling stage inventory, and 2 m X 2 m for seedling stage inventory. Units of vegetation sample plot were placed in west and south slope directions at altitude zones of < 1.000 m asl, 1.000 – 2.400 m asl, and > 2400 m asl. In each slope direction, two sample units with strip length of 200 m and width of 20 m were established. Sampling units were placed in the field with sampling design of systematic sampling with random start. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION. Sub alpine zone exhibited the least number of species (11 species) at all growth stages, as compared with those of montane zone (62 species) and lowland forest zone (58 species). The number of species in the montane zone was relatively greater as compared with that of lowland forest zone. In lowland zone, the dominant species were huru meuhmal (Litsea tomentosa) at seedling stage (IVI 33,7 %), kileho (Saurauia pendula) at sapling stage (IVI 29,3 %), and pine (Pinus merkusii) at pole and tree stages (IVI 144,7 % and 112.8 %). In the montane zone, the dominant species were huru meuhmal (Litsea tomentosa ) at seedling stage (IVI 22,6 %), Litsea sp. at sapling stage (IVI 19,4 %), walen (Ficus ribes) at pole stage (IVI 32.6 %) and saninten (Castanopsis argentea) at tree stage (IVI 45,4 %). At sub alpine zone, the dominant species was plending (Leucaena glauca) at seedling and sapling stages (IVI 64 % and 76,4 %), cantigi (Vaccinium varingifolium) at pole stage (IVI 124,3 %), and jamuju (Dacrycarpus imbricatus) at tree stage (IVI 138,3 %). Index of species diversity (H’) for all elevation zones in TNGC were categorized as high
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Judul: Design of Enzymatic Membrane REactor (EMR): Review on Current Trends
Abstrak: The application of Enzymatic Membrane Reactor (EMR) for continuous production in food technology is on high demand. There are two types of EMR design in food technology namely single (mono) phasic reactor and multiphasic (biphasic) reactor. EMR has shown the ability to improve the efficiency of enzymecatalyzed bioconversion, to increase product yields, and they can be easily scaled up for industrial purposes compare to conventional enzyme reactor. In food technology, continuous EMR is using mostly for enzymatic hydrolysis reaction to improve the value of the product such as nutritional and functional properties. In this review will be focusing on the design of enzymatic membrane reactor (EMR) in food technology also the membrane characteristics, processing or reacting condition to produce product in single and multiphase system, its application and future trends. The research in review was conducted using electronic database like Google Scholar and ScienceDirect and there were 36 full-text articles evaluated.
Keyword: Enzymatic Membrane Reactor (EMR), enzymatic hydrolysis, membrane modules, multiphase reactor, single phasic reactor.