Judul: Variasi DNA Kloroplas Shorea leprosula Miq. di Indonesia Menggunakan Penanda PCR-RFLP
Abstrak: Shorea leprosula is a member of Dipterocarpaceae that occurs predominately in tropical rain forests of Southeast Asia. Dipterocarps consists of many economical and ecologically important species. In this paper PCR-RFLP markers were used to observe cpDNA variation of Shorea leprosula in Indonesia. Leaf samples from individual plants were collected from 13 populations in Java, Sumatra and Kalimantan islands. cpDNA polymorphism was assessed using combination of 4 primers and 10 enzyme restrictions. The result showed that only rbcL-Alu I combination gave polymorphic bands. From these polymorphic bands, two haplotypes were identified, namely haplotype 1 as dominant haplotype in all populations and haplotype 2 , which was found only at Bukit Tigapuluh National Park and Concession Asialog in Sumatra, and Concession ITCIKU in Kalimantan.
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Judul: Variasi DNA Kloroplas Shorea spp (Shorea acuminata Dyer, Shorea leprosula Miq dan Shorea parvifolia Dyer) Berdasarkan Penanda Mikrosatelit.
Abstrak: Shorea acuminata, Shorea leprosula, and Shorea parvifolia are members of the Diptecarpaceae family. They are ecologically and commercially important in the Southeast Asia region. In this present study, we used chloroplast microsatellites (cpSSR) to study the variation within and among Shorea species populations and the distribution of chloroplast DNA haplotypes of Shorea species. Based on chloroplast microsatellite analysis, the following diagnostic haplotypes were detected; namely haplotype A, C, and D for S. leprosula, S. parvifolia, and S. acuminata, respectively. In general, haplotype variation of cpSSR was low in this studies. The highest within population variation of cpSSR was observed in S. acuminata. The highest genetic differentiation was detected in S. parvifolia (Gst = 0.58) followed by S. acuminata (Gst = 0.31) and S. leprosula (Gst = 0.14). The haplotypes distribute evenly among different populations and between islands, and do not correspond with geographical separation among populations and islands. Some haplotypes from one species were shared by other species, indicating the possibility of gene flow via interspecific hybridization, that occurred currently and/or in the past. Introgressive hybridization probably occurred among Shorea species due to co-existance in the forest stands and overlapping flowering times.
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Judul: Dynamic New Keynesian Model for Unemployment and Inflation Rate.
Abstrak: This paper deals with a scientific analysis of the equilibrium level of hiring, employment and unemployment. The basic model being used is a standard new Keynesian model, which states that utility function depends on consumptions and working hours. Utility maximization refers to a standard labour supply equation, with the marginal cost’s dynamics on new Keynesian model simply reflects movements in real wages and productivity. Furthermore, trade-off between output and inflation stabilization can be considered using the new Keynesian Phillips curve. Dynamic general equilibrium model is a model that can be used to study interactions between market imperfections and nominal rigidities, which is capable of overcoming the main shortcoming of the standard new Keynesian model. In the general equilibrium model there are three groups of the economy agents, namely households, firms and monetary authority. The results of this research science that bargaining processes between firms and workers will yield optimal wage. Increase in labour will cause wages to fall, but the unemployment rate can be reduced. An increase in the firm’s monopoly power will shift the labour demand curve downward, which will reduce the number of workers that firm is willing to hire for any given bargained wage.
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