Judul: The Relationship between Livelihood Assets and Gender-Based Livelihood Strategies in Forest Village Farmer Households
Abstrak: Program Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) telah membuka akses masyarakat desa hutan pada lahan pertanian dan sumber daya lain di dalam kawasan hutan yang dikelola oleh Perhutani. Bagaimana anggota masyarakat desa hutan, dan anggota rumahtangga laki-laki dan perempuan mengelola aset bagi penghidupannya pasca penetapan program PHBM ini penting untuk dikaji. Penelitian ini mengkaji kondisi aset penghidupan pasca penetapan program PHBM dan hubungannya dengan strategi penghidupan berbasis gender pada rumah tangga petani yang tergabung dalam Lembaga Masyarakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) Sangkanhurip di Desa Banjaran Wetan, Kecamatan Banjaran, Kabupaten Bandung. Penelitian ini menggunakan penelitian kuantitatif yang diperkuat dengan penelitian kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dinamika LMDH berdampak pada kondisi aset penghidupan yang dikuasai rumah tangga. Terdapat rumah tangga yang cenderung melakukan strategi penghidupan yang lebih beragam, dibanding rumah tangga petani desa hutan lainnya. Penelitian juga menunjukkan adanya ketimpangan gender dalam akses terhadap aset penghidupan serta dalam pembagian peran dalam strategi penghidupan. Hasil uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa modal alam dan fisik berhubungan dengan strategi intensifikasi-ekstensifikasi. Modal manusia, modal sosial dan modal finansial berhubungan dengan strategi diversifikasi. Modal alam, modal manusia dan modal finansial berhubungan dengan strategi migrasi. Lebih jauh, hasil uji hubungan menunjukkan bahwa akses laki-laki dan perempuan atas aset penghidupan berhubungan dengan pembagian kerja dalam strategi penghidupan., The Community-Based Forest Management Program (PHBM) has opened access for forest village communities to agricultural land and other resources within the managed forest areas by Perhutani. It is important to study how male and female members of forest village communities manage their livelihood assets after the implementation of PHBM. This research examines the condition of livelihood assets and their relationship with gender-based livelihood strategies among farmer households who are members of the Sangkanhurip Forest Village Community Institution (LMDH) in Banjaran Wetan Village, Banjaran District, Bandung Regency. This research quantitative research strengthened by qualitative research. The results show that the dynamics of LMDH affect the condition of livelihood assets controlled by households. There are households that tend to adopt more diverse livelihood strategies compared to other forest village farmer households. The research also reveals gender disparities in access to livelihood assets and in the division of roles in livelihood strategies. The results of the correlation test show that natural and physical capital are related to intensification-extension strategies. Human, social, and financial capital are related to diversification strategies. Natural, human, and financial capital are related to migration strategies. Furthermore, the results of the correlation test show that access to livelihood assets for men and women is related to the division of labor in livelihood strategies. So, further research is required to understand and address the gender disparities in accessing and managing livelihood assets under the PHBM program. Overall, this study provides insights for improving the implementation of PHBM and promoting gender-inclusive strategies for sustainable livelihoods in forest village communities
Keyword: aset penghidupan, rumah tangga petani desa hutan, strategi penghidupan berbasis gender

Judul: Strategi Nafkah Rumah Tangga Peserta PHBM di RPH Punten, BKPH Pujon, KPH Malang
Abstrak: Menanggapi kebutuhan masyarakat sekitar hutan terhadap sumber daya hutan, Perhutani KPH Malang mengembangkan sistem Pengelolaan Hutan Bersama Masyarakat (PHBM) melalui kerja sama pengelolaan agroforestri dan ekowisata dengan Pemerintah Kota Batu. Namun demikian, masyarakat Desa Punten yang tergabung dalam Lembaga Masyrakat Desa Hutan (LMDH) Batu Makmur, tidak lantas memusatkan modal dan sumber nafkahnya pada sumber daya hutan tetapi ada strategi nafkah tertentu yang dilakukan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidupnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis strategi nafkah rumah tangga berdasarkan kepemilikan modal nafkah dan sumber nafkah. Data kuantitatif yang diperoleh dari wawancara sejumlah 71 responden, ditabulasi silang, diuji korelasi Rank Spearman, lalu dianalisis secara deskriptif bersama data kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa PHBM berkontribusi terhadap 29,9% dari rata-rata total pendapatan seluruh rumah tangga. Modal sosial dan sumber nafkah on-farm yang tergolong tinggi menjadi modal paling dominan. Strategi nafkah yang diterapkan mayoritas rumah tangga adalah diversifikasi nafkah dan rekayasa sumber nafkah pertanian. Adapun, terdapat 5 rumah tangga yang tergolong miskin, Responding to the needs of the forest community for forest resources, Perhutani KPH Malang developed a Collaborative Forest Management through an agroforestry and ecotourism collaboration with the Batu City Government. However, the forest communities as a member of LMDH Batu Makmur implemented certain livelihood strategies and do not necessarily separate their capital and source of livelihood from forest resources. This study aims to analyze household livelihood strategies based on the ownership of livelihood capital and source. Quantitative data obtained from interviews with 71 respondents were crosstabulated, tested with Rank Spearman correlation, and then analyzed descriptively with qualitative data. The results show that CFM contributed to 29,9% of the average total income of all households. The social capital and the on-farm sector in the high categories are the most dominant livelihood assets. The livelihood strategy adopted by the majority of households is income diversification and agricultural livelihood engineering. Last of all, 5 households are classified as poor.
Keyword: collaborative forest management, livelihood capital, livelihood strategy, source of livelihood

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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