Judul: Variasi Genetik Undur-Undur Laut (Emerita emeritus Linnaeus, 1767) Menggunakan Marka Gen COI di Pesisir Sukabumi
Abstrak: Undur-undur laut di Indonesia dapat ditemukan di pantai berpasir, terutama pada wilayah pantai selatan Jawa dan pantai barat Sumatera. Salah satu jenis undur-undur laut yang banyak dijumpai di pantai selatan Jawa adalah undur-undur laut jenis Emerita emeritus. Informasi mengenai variasi genetik dapat dijadikan input untuk pengelolaan Emerita emeritus. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menduga variasi genetik berdasarkan DNA mitokondria dari Emerita emeritus menggunakan teknik DNA Barcoding dengan penanda gen COI. Analisis molekuler melalui tahap preparasi contoh, isolasi dan ekstrasi DNA, elektroforesis, amplifikasi DNA, dan sekuensing basa nukleotida. Hasil sekuensing diolah menggunakan program MEGA 5 dan informasi variasi genetik diperoleh melalui program DNAsp 5. Hasil analisis molekuler menunjukkan bahwa spesies contoh memiliki kekerabatan yang dekat antar spesies ataupun antar populasi. Variasi haplotipe spesies contoh dari pantai berpasir Kabupaten Sukabumi, Cilacap dan Kebumen dalam kategori yang tinggi, sehingga dapat diduga variasi genetik berdasarkan DNA mitokondria dari spesies contoh juga dalam kategori yang tinggi.
Keyword: Analisis Molekuler, COI, Emerita emeritus

Judul: New Distribution of Emerita emeritus in Tegal and Tuban and the Level of Relationship
Abstrak: Di Indonesia, undur-undur laut dari famili Hippidae tersebar di sepanjang pantai barat Sumatera dan pantai selatan Jawa terutama spesies Emerita emeritus. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk melaporkan distribusi undur-undur laut di pantai utara Jawa (Tegal dan Tuban) dan tingkat kekerabatannya. Undur-undur laut dikumpulkan dari pantai utara Jawa yaitu Pantai Purin, Pantai Purwahamba dan Pantai Margosuko. Sampel yang diperoleh berjumlah 10 individu dan diawetkan dalam alkohol kemudian dibawa ke Bogor. Identifikasi spesies dilakukan berdasarkan karakter morfologis dan identifikasi molekuler. Identifikasi morfologis dilakukan dengan membandingkan sampel dengan kunci identifikasi undur-undur laut. Identifikasi molekuler melalui tahap preparasi contoh, isolasi dan ekstraksi DNA, elektroforesis, amplifikasi DNA, dan sekuensing basa nukleotida. Hasil sekuensing diolah menggunakan program MEGA 11. Hasil identifikasi morfologis dan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel undur-undur laut memiliki kedekatan dengan spesies Emerita emeritus. Spesies Emerita emeritus dari pantai utara Jawa ditemukan sebagai catatan distribusi baru., In Indonesia, mole crabs from the family Hippidae are scattered along the coast of West Sumatra and the southern coast of Java, especially the species Emerita emeritus. This study aims to report the distribution of mole crabs on the north coast of Java (Tegal and Tuban) and their level of kinship. Mole crabs were collected from the north coast of Java, namely Purin Beach, Purwahamba Beach, and Margosuko Beach. The samples obtained were 10 individuals and preserved in alcohol and then brought to Bogor. Species identification is carried out based on morphological characters and molecular identification. Morphological identification was carried out by comparing samples with the identification key. Molecular identification through the stages of sample preparation, DNA isolation and extraction, electrophoresis, amplification of DNA, and nucleotide base sequencing. The results of the sequencing are processed using the program MEGA 11. The results of morphological and molecular identification showed that all samples of mole crabs are closely related to the species Emerita emeritus. Species Emerita emeritus from the north coast of Java was found as a new distribution record.
Keyword: New Distribution Records, Emerita, coast of Java

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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