Judul: Peran Kepemimpinan Dalam Keberhasilan Pengelolaan Program Spp Pnpm Mandiri Perdesaan
Abstrak: Kurang berhasilnya program yang dibuat pemerintah kebanyakan berhubungan dengan lemahnya partisipasi masyarakat dan hal ini berkaitan dengan lemahnya peranan pemimpin. Studi ini dibatasi dengan program Simpan Pinjam untuk kelompok Perempuan (SPP) PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan di Desa Tajurhalang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan peran kepemimpinan dan faktor lainnya dengan partisipasi masyarakat dan keberhasilan pengelolaan program SPP PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu cluster random sampling dengan gugus kelompok yang aktif dan kelompok yang kurang aktif dan masing-masing anggota kelompok dijadikan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) peran kepemimpinan ternyata meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan faktor lainnya yang meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat adalah tingkat pendidikan, dukungan kepala desa, intensitas sosialisasi kegiatan, dan keaktifan tim pendamping, sedangkan lamanya mengikuti program tidak menjamin meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat; (2) partisipasi masyarakat ternyata meningkatkan keberhasilan pengelolaan program dalam peningkatan jumlah pendapatan, pengembalian cicilan, dan terpenuhinya kebutuhan dasar, sedangkan pada tahap evaluasi tidak menjamin adanya keragaman pekerjaan.
Keyword: keberhasilan program, partisipasi, peran kepemimpinan

Judul: Keefektivan Kelembagaan PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Kawasan Pesisir dalam Partisipasi Masyarakat terhadap Program Pemberdayaan
Abstrak: Involvement of coastal communities in several empowerment programs determined the program’s success and sustainability. Frequently, participation is overlooked due to the lack of public access in utilizing local institutions. In addition, the participation in the empowerment program indicate the effectiveness of existing institutions in the society, so that existing institutions can still be obeyed and maintained. Participation of Coastal community in Sasak village in empowerment program by PNPM is tokenism. PNPM function as a means to improve employment opportunities and poor communities’s welfare in Nagari Sasak less accomplished. PNPM Mandiri has implemented as it should, but more emphasis on empowering physically villages such as building roads, meeting houses, the addition of classroom/school building, borrowing capital. Critics of the existing strategy focused on the implementation on the field. It is performed more intensive to socialization activities in the community to recognize and understand the habits of program beneficiaries who are mostly young people. Joint action aims to produce better commitment between the actors and the PNPM Mandiri program beneficiaries.
Keyword: empowerment program and empowerment strategy., participation, coastal community, effectiveness of institution

Judul: Biology and ecology of the buffalo fly, haematobia exigua de meijere (diptera:muscidae)
Abstrak: The life history of the buffalo fly was observed at room temperature of 27°-29.5°C and at a relative humidity of 48-68 percent. The eggs hatched after 17-22 hours, with an average of 18 hours. First instar larvae measured 1.25 + 0.16 mm long and 0.27 + 0.037 mm wide. reach the second larval stage. It took 6-12 hours to the second instar larvae measured 2.676 +0.187 mm long and 0.353 +0.028 mm wide. The second instar took about 12-24 hours to reach the third larval stage. The third instar measured 6.833 + 0.189 mm long and 0.919 + 0.051 mm wide. It took about 2-3 days for the third instar to become pupae. Duration of the pupal stage was about 5-7 days before the adults emerged. Under laboratory condition, the buffalo fly completed its life cycle in 9.5 to 10.5 days, whereas under field condition it took 9-14 days with an average of 10.5 days. The growth ratio which was based on the measurements of the cephalo-pharyngeal skeleton of each instar was 1.797. The preoviposition period was 8-12 days and mating usually occurred on the 6th or 7th day. The longevity of the male was 29 days, whereas it was 32 days in the female. The range of egg production under laboratory condition was between 20-139 per female fly. The belly and hind legs of the carabao were the most preferred habitat either during cloudy and cool dry or shiny and warm day. When the weather was clear and the carabao was in the shade, the flies tended to be more distributed particularly on the shoulder, dewlap, back and horns. The carabaos had relatively fewer Musca sp. and Stomoxys calcitrans than cattle; never the less carabaos had a higher infestation of buffalo fly than cattle. Oviposition occured either during the day or night but the buffalo flies were more active during the night than in the day time. The effect of various lengths of exposure time of manure in relation to the oviposition was profound. observed, the maximum number of the buffalo flies was occurred when the dung was exposed for 30 minutes. With increasing time of exposure the number and variety of insects also increase. It was evident that Sepsidae and psychodidae were the most dominant insects emerging from the dung. The number of buffalo flies also increased with increasing
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