Judul: Dampak ENSO dan ENSO Modoki terhadap Variabilitas Curah Hujan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Variabilitas curah hujan Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh fenomena El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) dan ENSO Modoki. Saat fenomena El Nino (La Nina), terjadi kenaikan (penurunan) suhu permukaan laut di bagian tengah hingga selatan Samudera Pasifik. Saat El Nino (La Nina) Modoki, peningkatan (penurunan) suhu permukaan laut terkonsentrasi pada bagian tengah Samudera Pasifik, sedangkan penurunan (peningkatan) suhu terjadi di bagian barat dan timur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dampak dari ENSO dan ENSO Modoki terhadap variabilitas curah hujan di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah Indeks Nino 3.4 untuk mewakili peristiwa ENSO, El Nino Modoki Index (EMI) untuk mewakili peristiwa ENSO Modoki, dan data curah hujan bulanan dari CHIRPS. Metode yang digunakan adalah analisis korelasi, analisis temporal, serta analisis komposit dan spasial. Hasil korelasi antara curah hujan Indonesia dengan Indeks Nino 3.4 lebih signifikan daripada korelasi curah hujan dengan EMI pada tingkat kepercayaan 90%. Respon anomali curah hujan terhadap ENSO Modoki lebih lemah dibandingkan pada saat ENSO. Saat El Nino Modoki, anomali curah hujan bernilai negatif tetapi lebih lemah daripada saat terjadi El Nino dimulai dari bulan Juni-November. Saat La Nina Modoki, anomali curah hujan bernilai positif tetapi lebih lemah terlihat dibandingkan saat La Nina pada bulan Juli-Agustus. Angin di ketinggian 850 hPa yang bergerak dari timur ke barat (barat ke timur) lebih kuat saat El Nino (La Nina) dibanding saat El Nino (La Nina) Modoki. Anomali OLR bernilai positif (negatif) saat El Nino (La Nina) menunjukkan rendahnya (tingginya) jumlah awan yang menyebabkan terjadi hujan di wilayah Indonesia, sedangkan saat El Nino Modoki dan La Nina Modoki anomali OLR bernilai lebih lemah pada dua kejadian tersebut.
Keyword: curah hujan, ENSO, modoki, OLR

Judul: El Niño Modoki dan Pengaruhnya Terhadap Perilaku Curah Hujan Monsunal di Indonesia
Abstrak: This study aims to investigate El Niño Modoki phenomenon and its influence to the monsoonal rainfall behavior over Indonesia. The study is also intended to identify the differences between the El Nino Modoki and the well-known El Nino events, referred in this study as Conventional El Niño. By using correlation analysis, it is shown that the El Nino Modoki Index, known as EMI, is strongly correlated with SST anomaly index in Nino-4 region. The correlation coefficient value is 0.57, which is higher than the EMI’s correlations with other SST anomaly indices from different Nino regions, i.e. Nino-1.2, Nino-3 and Nino-4. Temporal analysis on both Nino-4 index and EMI by using Power Spectral Density shows a different strength in the temporal cycle of both indices, where Nino-4 data demonstrates a strong 4-5 year interannual cycles, while EMI is dominated by 6–8 years cycles. This is consistent with the result of Wavelet analysis that indicates four years interannual cycles of Nino-4 index and nearly decadal (~10 years) cycles of EMI data. The composite of seven El Nino Modoki events in 1986/87, 1990/91, 1992/93, 1994/95, 2002/2003, 2004/2005, and 2009/2010, generally shows that the El Nino Modoki events indicated by the raise of EMI exceeding its defined threshold usually occurred from July to March. It is shown by clear characteristics of growing phase starting from March or April until January, and continued by decreasing phase around February. Based on the results of regression analysis, the El Nino Modoki strongly influence monsoonal rainfall over Sumbawa Besar, Makassar, and Banjar Baru during both June-July-August (JJA) and September-October-November (SON) periods, over Lampung only during JJA, and Indramayu during SON. The use of EMI which includes information about the SST anomaly around Indonesia led to a significant cross-correlation values between monsoonal rainfall anomaly and EMI with only maximum of one month lag time.
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Judul: In vitro analysis of biphasic calcium phosphate and hydroxyapatite as bone implants
Abstrak: The minimum requirement of synthetic biomaterial is must be biocompatible. Biocompatibility means that material is nontoxic and able to interact with the host cells. The analysis of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was used to detect toxicity. Interaction between cells and bone implants were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Previously, hydroxyapatite is well known as biocompatible implantable materials. But, the dense hydroxyapatite is almost non-resorbable when used as bone implant. In the other hand, the porous β-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) displays affinity for high speed biological degradation. TCP was later identified as Biphasic Calcium Phosphate (BCP) consisting of hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP).
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