Judul: Pola Penguasaan Sumberdaya Lahan dan Dinamika Pola Nafkah Masyarakat Sekitar Hutan (Studi Kasus Desa Baru Pangkalan Jambu Kabupaten Merangin Propinsi Jambi)
Abstrak: This study aims to analyze the changing pattern of land resources tenure in the Baru Pangkalan Jambu Village. The results showed that, related to land tenure system in the Baru Pangkalan Jambu Village, generally include four types, namely the tenure of ‖adat‖, the tenure of ‖kaum‖, the tenure of individual, and the tenure of state. The change of land tenure in the village is caused by the change of rule system from ―Marga‖ to village that help to restructure the pattern of natural resources tenure with the inclusion of the forest area tenure element by state. Land tenure change in Desa Baru Pangkalan Jambu Village as forest area tenure by state lead to a constriction of the village community acces space. There are several phases of change in land resources tenure that impact on change of Desa Pangkalan Jambu Villagers‘ right about natural resources, that is: Transformation from ―Marga‖ reign to Village reign. There are two different territory after the transformation of reign, namely: (1) Marga (Adat) territorial and Village territorial. The change of reign system from ―Marga‖ reign to ―Village‖ reign result in authority weakened and reduction in ―Adat‖ (―Marga‖) area about natural resources. In the reign of ―Marga‖, natural resources tenure are completely under ―Marga‖ (―Adat‖) control. Almost all of the rights about natural resources (access right, use right, management right, and exclusion right) are owned by ―Marga‖ (―Adat‖), except diversion right, so that the ―Marga‖ ownership status is as proprietor. Then during the Village reign, ―Adat‖ (―Marga‖) right is still there, but for the area that is still in the ―Adat‖ (―Marga‖) claims, while for the outside of area, the ―Adat‖ (―Marga‖) does not have the right anymore. (2) The change since the area be designated as National Park Kerinci Seblat (TNKS-Taman Nasional Kerinci Seblat). There are three different territorial areas which is designated as TNKS area, that are: ―Marga‖ tenure area, Village tenure area, and TNKS tenure area. Since the area be defined as TNKS area, it has an impact on disappearance of community‘s right, either ―Adat‖ right, ―Kaum‖ right, Individual right, or Village right towards the existing resources in the TNKS area. The rights such as management right, exclusion right, and diversion right are disappear, while access right and use right still exist but only for traditional use zone only. Thus, since the area be designated as TNKS, ―Adat‖ (―Marga‖) and Village ownership status was turned into authorized user. In this research also found that changes in the livelihoods of Baru Pangkalan Jambu Village done for the survival from increasing of life necessities, adaptation to livelihood that is by looking for alternatives to a new source of income, There are three factors the occurrence of changing patterns of living in New Village Pangkalan Jambu, ie consideration of price, availability of resources and state regulations.
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Judul: Struktur Agraria Masyarakat Desa Hutan Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Pola Pemanfaatan Sumberdaya Agraria (Studi Kasus: Masyarakat Kampung Pel Cianten, Desa Purasari, Kecamatan Leuwiliang, Kabupaten Bogor, Provinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: The village Pel Cianten is located within area of HGU PTP Nusantara VIII. From de jure sight, people do not really have the property right for the land. The people use the histories to legitimate the land use for their own. From the point of view of PTP Nusantara VIII and TNGHS, the people access to the land is included as an illegal access. The method used is a qualitative and quantitative approach. Factors that affecting people access to the land are: social relation, social identity, and capital. The land accesses still become a crucial factor to their mean of support although the research shows that there is a tendency of non-land resources relevancy movement as the mean of support.
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Judul: Influenza Specific Immunoglobulin Y Purification from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Precipitation Method
Abstrak: Imunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) yang terdapat dalam kuning telur telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk imunoterapi dan imunodiagnostik. Salah satu kendala dalam pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur adalah pemisahan Ig dengan lemak, sehingga teknik pemurnian Ig selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan menggunakan sodium chloride (NaCl) serta melakukan karakterisasi IgY spesifik influenza. Sodium chloride dipilih karena bahan kimia ini relatif murah, ramah lingkungan, dan tidak merusak imunoaktivitas IgY. Kuning telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Flubio® yang berisi virus Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 dan B/Washington. Pemurnian IgY hanya dilakukan pada kuning telur yang mengandung antibodi spesifik influenza. Deteksi keberadaan antibodi spesifik influenza ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP) dan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Konsentrasi IgY hasil pemurnian dihitung dengan spektrofotometer dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Konsentrasi protein dari hasil pemurnian IgY memiliki nilai rata – rata 50,403 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan enam pita protein, yaitu struktur IgY utuh (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), rantai berat IgY (66,54 kDa), Fab ( 47,65 kDa), rantai ringan IgY (21,85 kDa), dan β-livetin (36,74 kDa). IgY hasil pemurnian masih dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza berdasarkan uji ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian IgY menggunakan metode pengendapan NaCl dapat memurnikan IgY dengan struktur utuh, meskipun masih ada dua protein tidak spesifik hasil pemurnian. IgY yang dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza mengindikasikan prospek pemanfaatannya untuk pencegahan influenza dan imunodiagnostik., Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) contained in egg yolk has been widely used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. One of the obstacles in IgY purification from egg yolk is separating Ig from fat, so that IgY purification techniques are always developing. This study aimed to purify IgY from egg yolk using sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method and to characterize influenza-specific IgY. Sodium chloride was chosen because this chemical is relatively unexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not impair IgY immunoactivity. The egg yolks used in this study were collected from layer eggs vaccinated with the Flubio® influenza vaccine, which contains the Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B/Washington viruses. IgY purification was only carried out on egg yolks containing influenza specific antibodies. The presence of influenza-specific antibodies was determined by the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The purified IgY concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, and protein characterization was performed using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Protein concentration from purification has a mean value of 50,403 mg/mL . SDS-PAGE result showed six protein bands, namely intact IgY structure (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), IgY heavy chain (66,54 kDa), Fab (47,65 kDa), IgY light chain (21,85 kDa), and β-livetin (36,74 kDa). The purified IgY still able to bind with influenza antigen based on the ELISA test. The results of this study indicate that purification of IgY using the NaCl precipitation method can purify IgY with intact structure, although there are still two unspecific proteins in the purification results. The resulting IgY can bind to influenza antigens indicating the
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, influenza, egg yolk, purification, sodium chloride