Judul: Performance Evaluation of Salt Farmers Business People (Case Studies in Bima Distric, Nusa Tenggara Barat province).
Abstrak: Flood of salt imports from the country four season to meet consumption needs and the needs of industry to Indonesia make the price of salt is low, people's business performance seen from the salt farmer productivity, quality of salt and salt farmers welfare of the people questioned nationwide. Surprisingly rich tropical sea water and sunlight with the fourth longest coastline in the world's salt supply shortage in the country, in 2010 national production of only 30,600 tons of salt or less than 1 percent of national demand in 2010 due to harvest in a number of production centers between 1.000 - 7.000 tons. ponds area and one of the factors that influence the production of salt is an integral part of the performance of producing salt as salt producers nationwide. Business performance on a salt farmer folk analyzed the influence of the land area of salt ponds on productivity, quality and financial performance by analysis of variance (Anova), for quality is also conducted lab tests and analysis of financial performance using the calculation of revenue, R/C ratio and B/C ratio. The analysis indicates the diversity of productivity F count 0.185 is smaller than the F table 3.885 with probability 0.833. Analysis of the diversity of sea water salinity showed F count 0.339 smaller than F table 5.143 with probability 0.725. Levels of NaCl has a score of 84.18 percent with the average color of white salt crystals are turbid and a diameter of less than 5 millimeters. Revenue from June to August 2011 the highest value on the people producing salt flats with an area of 0.23 hectares of land, averaging 4576666.67 while the lowest score in the group of farmers salt flats with an area of 0.85 hectares of land, the average score of 1677500.00. The analysis indicates the diversity of income F count 0.581 smaller than F table 0.588 probabilities 5.143. R/C ratio and B/C ratio produced from June to August 2011 the highest value in the group of people producing salt flats with total area of 0.23 hectares, the average score of 10.1533 while lowest in the group of salt farmers with average land area of 0.85 hectares, average score of 3.2367. The analysis indicates the diversity of F count 1.089 is smaller than the F table 5.143 with probability 0.395. Effect of salt pond land area of productivity, quality and financial performance analysis results show analysis of variance (Anova) of the same namely the lack of significant differences. Based on the above data the business performance of the people rated low salt farmers and growers need to be enhanced by the salt of the people, particularly in the area.
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Judul: Marketing analysis of salt in Sumenep Dsitrict, East Java
Abstrak: Sumenep District is one of salt producing areas in Indonesia. Salt plays an important role in almost all industrial processes and production because salt does not have a substitute good, therefore salt becomes a strategic commodity. So far, the link of the salt chain trade system is controlled by several companies, where downstream activities are dominated by large -scale industry with strong network while upstream activities are dominated by salt management activities with simple technology (Ministry of Marine and Fisheries, 2012). In the marketing process, farmers are conditioned as marginal salt producers which cannot contribute, both in price determination and the technical determination of the quality of the salt produced. This is due to the limited access for farmer to get the information about quality and price developments that make the majority of farmers to have weak bargaining position then finally have the tendency to be the price taker. This condition then becomes worse because of other factors such as limited facility and infrastructure, limited access to capital, and limited access to enter the market that lead farmers to limitation choice for marketing channels. Based on the condition above, author expects that the salt marketing in Sumenep today is inefficient. Therefore, Analysis of salt marketing by using structure, conduct and performance (SCP) approach is needed. This study aims to analyze the structure, conduct and performance of salt market in Sumenep. Research locations were selected intentionally (purposive), while respondents were randomly selected (simple random sampling) through their marketing chain. The analysis showed that the salt marketing in Sumenep is inefficient, unfair and not transparent. It is concluded by structure, conduct, and performance approach of the salt market. Structure analysis indicated that the market structure of the salt industry in Sumenep tends to be oligopsonistic. It is inferred from several indicators: (a) the unbalanced number of participants (between sellers and buyers) in the market, (b) high market concentration which dominated by few competitors, (c) the existence of barriers to entry the market, from the capital, networks, licensing to technology. Conduct analysis for the market suggested that there is a dominant institution for marketing activities; the processing company. Cooperation and dishonest practices also occur in the marketing process. Dishonest practices can be seen from (a) the collective traders are also agents (accomplices) of a company, ( b) the salt sale does not accompanied by accurate weighing (c) dominant price is determined by these marketing agencies. Market performance analysis showed that the salt marketing is not yet efficient. Uneven profit with the remuneration in the marketing functions performed, the low farmer share in all channels (≤20%), and also the unintegrated market, both in the short run and long run become the causal factor why the increasing price in the retail level can not be transmitted to the farm level.
Keyword: small holding salt farmers, structure, conduct, performance

Judul: Immunohystochemical Characterization of Integrin Alfa 6 in Uterine and Cervix of the Cynomolgus Monkeys (Macaca fascicularis) with MfPV3 Infection
Abstrak: Kanker serviks merupakan suatu pertumbuhan abnormal dari sel epitel jaringan serviks akibat adanya infeksi persisten human papillomavirus (HPV). Data World Health Organization pada tahun 2017 menyatakan kanker serviks menjadi penyebab kematian terbesar kedua pada wanita setelah kanker payudara. Monyet ekor panjang (MEP) secara alami dapat terinfeksi Macaca fascicularis Papillomavirus 3 (MfPV3) yang secara filogenetik, virus tersebut memiliki kekerabatan yang sangat dekat dengan HPV onkogenik pada manusia (HPV-16 dan HPV-34), yaitu genus alpha papillomavirus. Integrin alfa 6 (ITGα6) merupakan reseptor yang ditemukan pada pada manusia dengan HPV positif dan merupakan reseptor yang sebagian besar diekspresikan oleh sel epitel dan populasi sel punca kanker serviks. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji MEP sebagai hewan model HPV melalui karakterisasi reseptor ITGα6 menggunakan uji imunohistokimia serta menentukan tingkatan atau derajat dari cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) pada jaringan serviks yang terinfeksi MfPV3. Studi ini menggunakan sampel arsip dalam Formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) jaringan uterus dan serviks MEP positif MfPV3 secara spontan dan negatif MfPV3. Hewan berusia sekitar 2-6 tahun dengan kisaran berat badan 2-4 kg. Jaringan uterus dan serviks diproses untuk pembuatan histologi dan dilakukan pewarnaan Hematoksilin-Eosin (HE) untuk menentukan derajat CIN serta pewarnaan imunohistokimia menggunakan antibodi anti human ITGα6. Evaluasi pewarnaan imunohistokima menggunakan lima lapang pandang mikroskopis, pembesaran lensa objektif 40X per slide. Gambar dikuantifikasi menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ ver 1.53, parameter yang diamati adalah intensitas warna dan luas area sel positif ITGα6. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan 80% sampel positif memiliki CIN dan peningkatan ekspresi ITGα6 pada kelompok hewan positif MfPV3 dibandingkan pada kelompok hewan negatif MfPV3. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa MEP betina berpotensi sebagai model praklinis alternatif dan sangat relevan untuk studi biologi Papillomavirus.
Keyword: human papillomavirus (hpv), immunohistokimia, ITGα6, Macaca fascicularis