Judul: Uji patogenitas Ganoderma spp. terhadap bibi tanaman sengon (Paraserienthes falcataria (L) Nielsen)
Abstrak: This research is based on the attack of Ganoderma spp to a protector plant, sengon. This attack has made a lot of coffee and cacao plantations suffers a great loss. Therefore, it is really important to do a specific research on the process of the inoculation of Ganoderma spp, to prevent such attack. The aim of this research is to understand how the effect of the inoculation to the sengon seed. This research was conducted from October 2009 - March 2010 and held in a greenhouse of Department of Silviculture and Forest Disease Laboratory of the Department of Silviculture. The tools used for research purposes are: SPSS, tally sheet, lid. The materials for this research are the seeds sengon age one and a half months, the timber (diameter 3, 4, and 5 cm), PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) and isolates of Ganoderma species 1 (samples from lamtoro Ciamis area) and species 2 (sample from plants in the region sengon Ciamis) derived from the collection of Forest Pathology Laboratory and will be called SP1 and SP2. There are two majors in the research i.e. non inoculation and inoculation treatments. Each treatment consisted of three observation blocks that are considered equal and each block consisted of four plants as replicates. The non inoculation treatments are all combinations of root and foodbase treatments. Foodbase treatment itself is divided into two i.e. wood piece with varying size (3, 4, and 5 cm diameters) and PDA (Potato Dextrose Agar) without inoculation of Ganoderma spp.. The total of treatments are 10. Inoculation treatments are a combination of various treatments of root and foodbase which has inoculated with Ganoderma spp.. Type of Ganoderma spp. were also included in a combination. The total number of inoculation is 15 treats. In general, the result of control treatments calculation has a better average growth compared to the inoculation treatment. This result can be seen on the accretion parameter of heights and leaflets. It is possible to do the observation on the treatment of the inoculation with the negative growth tendencies. The height measurement seed, according to the regulation of The Minister of Forestry no.3 in 2004, is the height measurement from the base of the plant seed to the top growing spot using centimeter unit. From that definition, if the growing point is dead, then the growing spot underneath can be able to replace it, so the height will reduced. The calculation on pathogenity test shows that Ganoderma SP2 has more pathogenic than Ganoderma SP1. This result can be seen on the heights of seeds that were inoculated with Ganoderma SP2 are lesser than the heights of seeds that were inoculated with Ganoderma SP1. On the root treatment application, both controls and treatments blocks show the better growth from sengon seedlings using root cutting treatment. This result corresponds with Deselina works (1999), where root cutting will produce more vigor seeds and stronger roots. This positive result of root cutting application in inoculation treatment, tells us that infection rate of Ganoderma spp is slower than the healing process as the effect of the cutting.
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Judul: Potential of Biological Agents in Controlling Ganoderma sp. in Sengon Stands on Post Mining Land, North Kalimantan
Abstrak: Reklamasi menggunakan tanaman sengon pada lahan PT. Pesona Khatulistiwa Nusantara masih rentan terhadap serangan hama dan penyakit. Jenis penyakit yang umum ditemukan pada tanaman sengon adalah penyakit busuk akar merah yang disebabkan oleh cendawan patogen Ganoderma sp. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh agens hayati yaitu, cendawan Trichoderma sp. dan cendawan JakabaBHP01 dalam menghambat pertumbuhan cendawan Ganoderma sp. serta menganalisis pengaruh waktu dalam proses penghambatannya. Uji antagonis dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kultur ganda antara cendawan patogen dan cendawan antagonis pada media Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Perlakuan pengaruh waktu dilakukan dengan dua cara : a) penumbuhan Ganoderma sp. dan cendawan antagonis secara bersamaan dan b) menumbuhkan terlebih dahulu Ganoderma sp. selama 7 hari sebelum diuji daya hambatnya terhadap cendawan antagonis. Hasil uji antagonis menunjukkan bahwa Trichoderma sp. dan JakabaBHP01 dapat menghambat pertumbuhan patogen dengan waktu peletakkan yang dilakukan bersamaan. Hasil penghambatan tertinggi pada Ganoderma sp. A1 adalah perlakuan dengan menggunakan Trichoderma sp. dengan persen penghambatan sebesar 95,63% dan pada Ganoderma sp. A2 perhambatan tertingginya juga dengan perlakuan Trichoderma sp. yaitu sebesar 98,74%. Mekanisme penghambatan pada Trichoderma sp. adalah mekanisme kompetisi dan pada JakabaBHP01 adalah mekanisme mikoparasitisme., Reclamation using sengon plants on PT. Pesona Khatulistiwa Nusantara was still vulnerable to pest and disease attacks. The type of disease commonly found in sengon plants was red root rot disease caused by the pathogenic fungus Ganoderma sp. This research aims to analyze the influence of biological agents, namely, the fungus Trichoderma sp. and the JakabaBHP01 fungus in inhibiting the growth of the Ganoderma sp fungus. and analyze the influence of time in the inhibition process. The antagonist test was carried out using a double culture method between pathogenic fungi and antagonist fungi on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media. The influence of time was treated in two ways: a) growing Ganoderma sp. and antagonistic fungi simultaneously and b) grow Ganoderma sp. for 7 days before testing its inhibitory power against antagonistic fungi. Antagonist test results showed that Trichoderma sp. and JakabaBHP01 can inhibit the growth of pathogens with simultaneous laying times. The highest inhibition results on Ganoderma sp. A1 was a treatment using Trichoderma sp. with percent inhibition of 95.63% and in Ganoderma sp. A2 also had the highest inhibition with Trichoderma sp. namely 98.74%. Inhibitory mechanisms in Trichoderma sp. was a competition mechanism and in JakabaBHP01 it was a mycoparasitism mechanism.
Keyword: Trichoderma sp., antagonistic fungi, mechanism, JakabaBHP01

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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