Judul: Ensilase Rurnput Gajah Dengan Bakteri Asam Laktat dan Enzim Selulolitik serta Suplementasi Seng dan Probiotik untuk Mernacu Aktivitas Mikroorganisme Rumen
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan pakan ternak sering terbentur pada masalah kualitas pakan yang berbasiskan hijauan. Pakan yang lazim digunakan tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan energi, protein dan seng untuk ternak sehingga diperlukan sentuhan teknologi untuk dapat meningkatkan nilai guna pakan. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi silase rumput gajah, probiotik dan garam Zn-asam lemak tak jenuh untuk kebutuhan ternak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Balai Rekayasa Mikroba dan Genetika Puslitbang Bioteknologi, Cibinong sejak Juli 2000 hingga Januari 2001.
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Judul: Ensilase rumput gajah dengan bakteri asam laktat dan enzim selulolitik serta suplementasi seng dan probiotik untuk memacu aktivitas mikroorganisme rumen
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan pakan ternak sering terbentur pada masalah kualitas pakan yang berbasiskan hijauan. Pakan yang lazim digunakan tidak mampu memenuhi kebutuhan energi, protein dan seng untuk ternak sehingga diperlukan sentuhan teknologi untuk dapat meningkatkan nilai guna pakan. Penelitian ini dirancang untuk mengetahui pengaruh suplementasi silase rumput gajah, probiotik dan garam Zn-asam lemak tak jenuh untuk kebutuhan ternak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Balai Rekayasa Mikroba dan Genetika Puslitbang Bioteknologi, Cibinong sejak Juli 2000 hingga Januari 2001. Percobaan menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok yang pengaruh perbedaan bangsa sapi dan bobot awal dikoreksi dengan ANCOVA. Perlakuan ransum yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ada 8 macam yaitu: (A) = 30% silase rumput gajah + konsentrat, (B) = A + inokulan Lactobacillus sp. 1A-2), (C) B+ enzim selulolitik), (D) = C + probiotik, perlakuan E, F, G dan H sama dengan perlakuan A, B, C dan D hanya pada masing-masing perlakuan tersebut ditambahkan Zn-PUFA. Data dianalisis dengan sidik ragam dan diuji dengan uji kontras ortogonal. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 ekor sapi jantan pada fase pertumbuhan yang terdiri dari 4 ekor sapi Holstein dengan bobot sekitar 323 ± 14.6 kg dan 4 ekor sapi Peranakan Ongole dengan bobot badan sekitar 221 ± 18 kg. Tiap periode terdiri dari 4 minggu dengan 14 hari masa adaptasi dan 14 hari masa pengamatan. Peubah yang diukur adalah: Ph silase, kadar asam laktat silase, jumlah populasi mikroorganisme rumen meliputi protozoa rumen, bakteri rumen total, bakteri asam laktat, bakteri selulolitik, bakteri amilolitik, bakteri pengguna laktat dan fungi fibrolitik serta aktivitas fermentasi rumen meliputi, NH3 rumen, pH rumen dan VFA individual. ...
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Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite