Judul: Keefektivan Kelembagaan PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan Kawasan Pesisir dalam Partisipasi Masyarakat terhadap Program Pemberdayaan
Abstrak: Involvement of coastal communities in several empowerment programs determined the program’s success and sustainability. Frequently, participation is overlooked due to the lack of public access in utilizing local institutions. In addition, the participation in the empowerment program indicate the effectiveness of existing institutions in the society, so that existing institutions can still be obeyed and maintained. Participation of Coastal community in Sasak village in empowerment program by PNPM is tokenism. PNPM function as a means to improve employment opportunities and poor communities’s welfare in Nagari Sasak less accomplished. PNPM Mandiri has implemented as it should, but more emphasis on empowering physically villages such as building roads, meeting houses, the addition of classroom/school building, borrowing capital. Critics of the existing strategy focused on the implementation on the field. It is performed more intensive to socialization activities in the community to recognize and understand the habits of program beneficiaries who are mostly young people. Joint action aims to produce better commitment between the actors and the PNPM Mandiri program beneficiaries.
Keyword: empowerment program and empowerment strategy., participation, coastal community, effectiveness of institution

Judul: Peran Kepemimpinan Dalam Keberhasilan Pengelolaan Program Spp Pnpm Mandiri Perdesaan
Abstrak: Kurang berhasilnya program yang dibuat pemerintah kebanyakan berhubungan dengan lemahnya partisipasi masyarakat dan hal ini berkaitan dengan lemahnya peranan pemimpin. Studi ini dibatasi dengan program Simpan Pinjam untuk kelompok Perempuan (SPP) PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan di Desa Tajurhalang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan peran kepemimpinan dan faktor lainnya dengan partisipasi masyarakat dan keberhasilan pengelolaan program SPP PNPM Mandiri Perdesaan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yaitu cluster random sampling dengan gugus kelompok yang aktif dan kelompok yang kurang aktif dan masing-masing anggota kelompok dijadikan sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (1) peran kepemimpinan ternyata meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat dan faktor lainnya yang meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat adalah tingkat pendidikan, dukungan kepala desa, intensitas sosialisasi kegiatan, dan keaktifan tim pendamping, sedangkan lamanya mengikuti program tidak menjamin meningkatkan partisipasi masyarakat; (2) partisipasi masyarakat ternyata meningkatkan keberhasilan pengelolaan program dalam peningkatan jumlah pendapatan, pengembalian cicilan, dan terpenuhinya kebutuhan dasar, sedangkan pada tahap evaluasi tidak menjamin adanya keragaman pekerjaan.
Keyword: keberhasilan program, partisipasi, peran kepemimpinan

Judul: Pengukuran Jantung Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus) dengan Radiografi Toraks
Abstrak: This research was conducted to evaluate radiographs heart size of anaesthetized New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) under different combination of ketamine and xylazine. The rabbits were divided into three groups. Group A were anaesthetized using a 35 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=5). Group B were anaesthetized using a 40 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3) while group C were anaesthetized using 45 mg/kg and 5 mg/kg combination of ketamine and xylazine (n=3). Parameter of observation from left laterolateral view were: 1) the apicobasilar length of the heart (AB), 2) the width of the heart (CD), 3) the distance between the cranial edge of the fifth rib and the caudal edge of the seventh rib perpendicular to the spine (R5-7), and 4) the vertical depth of the toraks (H). Parameter of observation from dorsoventral view were: 1) the length of the heart (L), 2) the width of the heart (W), and 3) the width of the thorax (T). The result from the heart parameters observation that were measured in left laterolateral view and dorsoventral view shows theres no significantly differ among the groups (P > 0.05). The vertebrae heart size (VHS) values obtained from the sum of the length of the long and the short axes on left laterolateral view. The long axes mean values (A) were 4.35±0.26 v and the short axes mean values (B) were 3.59±0.30 v, therefore VHS mean values were 7.94±0.49 v. On the dorsoventral view, the length of the heart mean values (L) were 4.32±0.29 cm, the width of the heart mean values (W) were 3.33±0.26 cm, and the width of the thorax mean values (T) were 5.85±0.30 cm. In normal conditions, the width of the heart should be less than two-thirds the width of the thorax and values obtained of 3.33<3.72 it shows that the heart is in the normal range. The best ratio to calculated the normal heart dimension in the left laterolateral view was compared the long axes with the vertical depth of the thorax, whereas in dorsoventral view, the length of the heart was compared with the width of the heart.
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