Judul: Pengontrolan Suhu dalam Ruang Pengeringan dengan Sistem Kontrol Fuzzy
Abstrak: Suhu dan kelembaban udara (RH) merupakan salah satu karakter fisik yang dapat mempengaruhi kualitas bahan-bahan hasil pertanian selama proses pasca panen. Pengeringan merupakan proses pasca panen yang dapat dilakukan di dalam rumah kaca, untuk menanggulangi perubahan suhu dan RH yang tidak diharapkan di dalam ruang pengering rumah kaca maka dilakukan pengendalian suhu dengan menggunakan kontrollogika fuzzy. Untuk membuat sistem pengendalian suhu dengan kontrol logika fuzzy ini menggunakan komputer, interface PCL-812PG, rangkaian aktuator, elemen pemanas, rangkaian sensor dengan sensor suhu dari diode IN4148 dan catu daya yang merupakan perangkat keras, sedangkan perangkat lunaknya berupa program pengontrolan dengan bahasa Turbo Pascal.
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Judul: Pengaturan suhu dalam rumah tanaman dengan pengontrol fuzzy
Abstrak: Suhu merupakan salah satu besaran fisik yang mempunyai peranan penting dalam berbagai proses. Pada bidang pertanian, perubahan suhu dapat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan tanaman pertanian dan perkebunan yang pertumbuhannya dilakukan di dalam rumah tanaman sebab suhu di dalam rumah tanaman lebih panas daripada suhu lingkungan disekitarnya. Hal ini dikarenakan rumah tanaman menyerap udara panas sehingga dapat mengganggu pertumbuhan tanaman. Oleh karena itu diperlukan suatu pengontrolan suhu. Sistem kontrol yang biasa digunakan dalam pengontrolan yaitu kontrol on-off, tetapi sistem ini masih belum memberikan hasil yang memuaskan sehingga untuk memperbaiki karakteristik kontrol on-off ini digunakan komputer mikro atau personal computer yang dapat mengantisipasi keadaan proses secara digital. Oleh karena itu, dengan bantuan komputer mikro maka pengontrolan suhu dapat dilakukan secara digital dan teliti dengan menggunakan metode PID. Selain menggunakan metode PID, belum lama ini di Indonesia mulai berkembang metode pengontrolan dengan menggunakan logika fuzzy. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) Mempelajari teori fuzzy daan penerapannya untuk pengontrolan dan (2) Menerapakan kontrol fuzzy untuk mengontrol suhu rumah tanaman dengan mengatur kecepatan putar kipas. ...
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Judul: Studies on growth spurt and aging in higher primates
Abstrak: single measurement that best defines the health and nutritional status of children, just as it provides an indirect measurement of the quality of life of an entire population. The pattern of human growth reflects the biocultural evolution of our species. The human pattern of growth and development (ontogeny) appears to differ markedly from patterns of ontogeny in other primate species. Three studies are reported here which deal to the growth and development of human and chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes). These three studies allow us to contrast the phenomena of adolescence growth spurt and female elderly bone loss in chimpanzee and human as chimpanzee is the closest species to humans within extant nonhuman primates. In the first, a cross-sectional study of growth of the body size and somatotype of 363 Javanese girls and 299 Javanese boys aged 4 to 20 years from Magelang Regency, Indonesia was described. In the second, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee second metacarpal bone linear dimensions from individuals aged 0 to 43.6 years were used for comparison. While in the third, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies in the growth of chimpanzee body size (body mass and anterior trunk length) and second metacarpal bone mineral content were derived. In measuring the second metacarpal dimensions and mineral content, a total of 568 radiographs of chimpanzee's proximodistal left hands were used. They were taken from 68 females and 49 males aged 0 to 43.62 years old. We applied an image analysis system, Scion Image Release Alpha 4.0.3.2 software for Windows to measure bone linear dimensions and bone mineral content. Humans present complex and sinuous growth curves for both body weight and height. A clear growth spurt could be demonstrated by cross-sectional analysis in our girl subjects at around aged 11.5 years and in our boy subjects at around aged 12.5 years. In longitudinal series, not in cross-sectional, several representative chimpanzees of both sexes showed a pre-adult growth spurt on the body sizes, bone dimensions and bone mineral content. They ranged at age 4.5 to 8.5 years. This underscore the fact that adolescent growth spurt in linear dimension was not a universal feature of anthropoid primate ontogeny. Bone loss is a well established characteristic of human female aging. Based on crosssectional analyses the sequential decline of bone mass in female chimpanzee may be said to be genuine. On the other hand, we found in adulthood through elderly, male chimpanzees show a longer plateau than female chimpanzee, that is, bone mineral content is maintained in male.
Keyword: Javanese children, growth spurt, chimpanzee, second metacarpal bone, bone loss, Higher Primates