Judul: The Effect of Cassabio Usage Levels in Concentrate on Ruminant Fermentability and Digestion (In Vitro)
Abstrak: Onggok merupakan bahan sumber energi yang mempunyai kadar protein kasar rendah, tetapi kaya akan karbohidrat mudah larut (BETN). Karena alasan tersebut, perlu adanya teknologi pengolahan pakan untuk meningkatkan kandungan nutrisi onggok seperti fermentasi onggok-urea-zeolit oleh kapang Aspergillus niger (cassabio). Pada ruminansia sejauh ini belum ada penelitian mengenai pemberian cassabio. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan fermentasi onggok-urea-zeolit dengan Aspergillus niger terhadap tingkat kecernaan ransum ruminansia secara in vitro. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan September-Oktober 2011 di Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Perah, Fakultas Peternakan, Institut Pertanian Bogor. Perlakuan penelitian adalah onggok dengan penambahan urea 3%, zeolite 2,5%, amonium sulfat 1,5% yang difermentasi dengan Aspergillus niger 2% selama 6 hari. Produk fermentasi kemudian dicampur dengan konsentrat pada taraf yang berbeda (P0= cassabio 0%, P1= cassabio 10%, P2= cassabio 20%, P3= cassabio 30%) dan dianalisis kecernaannya secara in vitro. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan taraf cassabio dalam konsentrat dapat meningkatkan (p<0,05) kandungan amonia (NH3) rumen dengan nilai kandungan 6,55-10,21 mM, namun tidak mempengaruhi kandungan Volatil Fatty Acid (VFA) rumen dengan nilai kandungan 88,88-137,57 mM, serta Koefisien Cerna Bahan Kering (KCBK) sebesar 66,63%-69,67% dan Koefisien Cerna Bahan Organik (KCBO) ransum sebesar 65,41%-69,14%. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah secara in vitro penambahan cassabio sampai taraf 30% (P3) dapat mempengaruhi peningkatan kandungan NH3 rumen, namun tidak mempengaruhi kandungan VFA rumen, KCBK, dan KCBO ransum. Seluruh peubah yang diperoleh masih dalam kisaran normal pada ternak ruminansia, sehingga cassabio dapat digunakan pada ransum ruminansia secara in vitro sebanyak 30%.
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Judul: Efek Penambahan Cassabio dalam Ransum terhadap Performa Anak Domba Lokal
Abstrak: Cassava pulp isone of the tapioca industry by-product that can be used as animal feed. However, the quality of cassava pulp is relatively low due to its low protein and high crude fiber content. Cassava pulp with addition of zeolite, urea, ammonium sulphate, that fermented by Aspergillus niger produced the product that called cassabio. The experiment of using cassabio on broiler have been done. However, there is no experiment of using cassabio on performance of ruminants. The objective of this research is to evaluate the effect of levels cassabio in concentrate on performance of local lamb. The experiments design was randomized block design with four treatments and three replications, and local lambs were used as replications. The treatments were addition levels of cassabio into concentrate at levels of 0% (P0), 20% (P1), 40% (P2), and 60% (P3). Variables that measured were feed consumption, average body weight gain, and feed efficiency. Data were analysed by analysis of variance (ANOVA)and differences among treatments were determined by Duncan test. The result showed that the cassabio levels P0, P1, P2, dan P3 for BWG was76.19; 81.43; 84.29; and 96.90 g head-1 day-1respectively; for intake was 444.34; 463.13; 483.03 and 493.52 g head-1 day-1respectively; feed efficiency was 0.17; 0.18; 0.17; and 0.20 respectively. The conclusion of the research was using cassabio up to 60% (P3) in concentrate produced the good results without negative effect on local lamb performance.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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