Judul: Motivation of Farmers in Running the Business on Private Forest in Cingambul Village, Cingambul Sub-District, Majalengka
Abstrak: Demand of wood is increasing in line with the increase of population, but the potential of timber from natural forests decline: consequently, wood supply from forest plantations including private forest needs to be improved. On the other hand, the destruction of forests and land are still high. Government of Indonesia together with the community have implemented the efforts to rehabilitate critical land continuously. In many places, people, as the main actors of forestry development, have succeeded in developing private forests. In the social aspect, the development of private forests has been able to absorb sizeable workforce, both as farmers and as other actors of community forests (workers, cutting services providers, transportation services, marketing services and timber industry). According to the data provided by the Ministry of Forestry (MoF 2013), critical land in Indonesia covers the area of 27.294.842 hectares. The development of private forests seems very important to rehabilitate critical land. Farmers is the main actors in developing private forest. The succes of private forest is determined by their motivation beside the ability of farmers and business opportunities in implementing the private forest business. The research objectives were to: (1) analyze factors related to motivation of farmers in their business of private forest, (2) analyze the role of forests extension workers in the development of private forests, and (3) analyze the type of activities of farmers in the business of private forests. The research was conducted in Cingambul village, Cingambul Sub-District, Majalengka. A survey was conducted from July to August 2013. The analysis unit of research is private forest farmers households. A number of 81 selected as respondents of 101 private forest farmers. Primary data consists of: (1) factors related to the motivation of the farmers in the private forest bussines, namely: demographic characteristics (age, level of formal education, non-formal education, experience of private forest business, number of family dependents and level of the household needs), psychosocial characteristics (the perception of the benefits of private forests, attitudes of forest people toward their private forest business, status and social interaction of farmers), the characteristics of private forest business (land area, availability of plant species, availability of means of production, ease of marketing, and revenue of private forests business), forestry extension intensity (frequency of forest extension workers visit, suitability of the material, accuracy methods applied, and equipment availability in the extension activity), (2) the role of forestry extension workers in the development of private forests, and (3) the farmers activities in their private forest business. Data are collected through interviews, observation and documentation studies. Data are analysed using descriptive statistics (frequency distribution) and inferential statistics (Spearman rank correlation), supported by SPSS 20 software. The research results are: (1) motivation of the farmers positif related: the perception of the benefits of private forests, attitudes of forest people toward their private forest business, availability of plant species, ease of marketing, frequency of forest extension workers visit, suitability of the material, equipment availability, and accuracy methods applied in the extension activity, (2) the dominant roles of forestry extension workers accords to the farmers are as a advisors,
Keyword: farmers private forests, motivation, private forest, role of forestry extension workers.

Judul: Charactheristics of Private Forest Management and Suitable Land Analyze for Private Forest Development in Bima District
Abstrak: This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of private forest management, the feasibility from business aspect, factor that influencing farmer preferences to entering private forest bussines, and land characteristics that motivating farmers to cultivate a perennials woody plant in Bima District. The study is a descriptive exploratory study using a combination of qualitative and quantitative approaches in answering the study goals. Qualitative approach used to describe the socioeconomic characteristics of farmer households and the practices of private forest management. Quantitative approach is used to answering the feasibility of private forest business, explaining the factors that influence farmers decisions to entering private forest business, and identify the distribution of suitable lands for private forest. Discounted Cash Flow Analysis (DCF), Logistic Regression, and Multi Criteria Analysis and Spatial Analysis are the analytical tools used in the quantitative approach. Private forests in Bima District is developed using monoculture model with Teak (Tectona grandis) as main crops. It was managed traditionally and autonomous, not well planned and documented, and without applying any modern technology to improve soil quality in orders to increase plants productivity. The private forest locates in stepish area, with high to moderate level of accesibility due to close to the settlements and water resources. From the business aspect, private forests in Bima District were profitable, feasible to develop, and has a high level of resilience to the effects of inflation. Ages, education, area of dry lands, policy, ecological and social motivation were the variables that affected farmer preferences to entered private forest bussines. Based on farmer preferences, there were areas amounting to 169 055 hectares identified as available and suitable land for private forest development in Bima District. The suitable lands were scattered in 18 sub-districts, where Soromandi sub-district having the highest distribution areas.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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