Judul: The physiological Impact of Microplastics on Holothuria leucospilota
Abstrak: Nowadays plastic debris are found in oceans.Various processes lead to a transformation of macroplastics into microplastics (i.e. particles < 5mm). Sunlight and the action of the waves can degrade plastic and shred the material over time into smaller pieces. Furthermore, they can be found as ingredients of different products e.g. cosmetics and therefore enter the marine environment. Microplastics could have negative effects on marine organisms, especially for benthic organisms but up to now little is known about potential consequences. This study aims to investigate the physiological impact of microplastics on marine deposit-feeding invertebrates like sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota. Polyvinylchloride (PVC) and fluoranthene was selected as a representative model plastic and model pollutant. The size range of PVC particles were 50-200 μm and have been previously polluted with fluoranthene. In laboratory, groups of sea cucumbers (n=15) were exposed to 6 different pollution scenarios (i.e. 0%; 0.03%; 0.3%; 1%; 3% and 3% non polluted with fluoranthene) which differed regard to the microplastics density (% by weight of sediment). Futhermore, after exposed from PVC particles polluted and non polluted with fluoranthene, H. leucospilota would faced hypoxia condition used as a common response variable to investigate if H. leucospilota has a lower resistance to environmental stress due to previous microplastics ingestion. The study revealed that after 60 days exposure to microplastic PVC particles polluted and non polluted with fluoranthene is not given any negatively influence on physiological parameters (respiration rate, faeces production and survival rate) of black sea cucumber H. leucospilota. This study clearly indicates that H. leucospilota is susceptible to oxygen depletion. Probably, long-term experiments will reveal negative impacts that were not detected in the present study. Another aspects from this study, microplastics particles were collected and found in all sediment samples, depths and sampling locations at Rambut Island which also took H. leucospilota but in different site. The diverse composition of microplastics particularly on type at the sampling location Rambut Island were found fibers, foamed particles, films and fragments. Further, these findings revealed a possible threshold of marine organisms on the marine biodiversity especially in Rambut Island, one of closest island to Jakarta Bay.
Keyword: Microplastic, PVC, fluoranthene, holothurian, behavioral, survival, Rambut Island

Judul: Dampak Mikroplastik Terhadap Organ Pencernaan dan Kondisi Biologis Ikan Lele (Clarias gariepinus) (BURCHELL, 1822)
Abstrak: Mikroplastik yang berada di dalam perairan dapat tidak sengaja termakan oleh biota yang hidup di dalamnya, contohnya seperti ikan lele. Dampak mikroplastik terhadap organ pencernaan dan kondisi biologis belum diketahui sehingga perlu adanya penelitian tersebut. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis perubahan organ pencernaan dan kondisi biologis ikan lele akibat mengonsumsi mikroplastik. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada tanggal 19 Juli-12 September 2021 di Laboratorium Fisiologi Hewan Air, FPIK-IPB. Parameter yang diamati yaitu fisika-kimia air, kondisi biologi biota, dan struktur histologis saluran pencernaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa organ hati dan lambung terpengaruh nyata (p<0,05) oleh mikroplastik dalam pakan. Selain itu, mikroplastik menyebabkan beberapa kelainan pada vili lambung dan usus seperti nekrosis. Kesimpulan yang diperoleh bahwa pemberian pakan yang mengandung mikroplastik menyebabkan kerusakan pada saluran pencernaan dan mempengaruhi kondisi biologis ikan lele yaitu menurunkan pertumbuhan bobot dan efisiensi pakan., Microplastics in the waters can be eaten by the biota that live in them such as catfish accidentally. The impact of microplastics on digestive organs and biological conditions is not yet known, so this research is needed. This research aims analyze changes in the digestive organs and biological conditions of catfish due to consuming microplastics. This research was carried out from 19 July to 12 September 2021 at the Aquatic Animal Physiology Laboratory, FPIK-IPB. Parameters observed were water physical-chemistry, biota biology condition, and histological structure of the digestive tract. The results of the analysis in this study showed that the liver and stomach had a significant effect (p<0.05) on microplastics in feed. In addition, microplastcs cause several abnormalities in the villi of the stomach and intestines such as necrosis. The conclusion is that feeding containing microplastics causes damage to the digestive tract and affects the biological condition of catfish namely reduce weigth growrth and feed efficiency.
Keyword: fish, microplastic, digestive organs

Judul: Konstruksi aritmetika kurva eliptik F(2m) supersingular dan non-supersingular untuk skema kunci publik ElGamal
Abstrak: Algoritme ElGamal adalah salah satu algoritme kunci publik dengan aritmetik modular p yang mempunyai struktur grip siklik Z(p). Tingkat keanaman algoritme ini terletak pada pemecahan masalah logaritme diskret dari Z(p). Akan tetapi, tingkat keamanan tadi tahun ke tahun semakin menurun yang disebabkan kemampuan pemecahan algoritme diskret semakin meningkat. Untuk memenuhi tingkat keamanan yang memadai dibutuhkan p yang cukup besar yang menyebabkan proses enkripsi dan dekripsi menjadi lambat.
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