Judul: Impact of fishing on ecosystem: structure and trophic level of the fish catch in Southeast Maluku Water
Abstrak: Fishing has a direct and indirect impact on coastal and marine ecosystems. The fishing activity has been intensively conducted in the Southeast Maluku district and potentially impact the fish resources negatively. Fishermen generally catch fish using gill nets, lift net and hook line. This study aims to analyze the impact of fishing on ecosystem structure and trophic level of the catch by each fishing gear. An experimental fishing was conducted for the sampling strategy by means of fishing operations using gill net, lift net and hook line. Data were analyses for parameters of feeding habits, length-weight relationships, and trophic level of the catch. The results showed that trophic level of fish taken by lift net and gill net ranged from 2.9 to 3.7 which grouped as TL3, dominated by species of omnivorous feeding habit (zooplankton). The gill net has dominantly caught the group of fish at trophic level 5 (4.0 – 4.5). The average total length of the dominant fish targets were D.Russeli (18.2 ± 12.5 cm), Sardinella longiceps (19.8 ± 13.3 cm), S.crumenopthalmus (21.9 ± 14.2 cm), Lethrinus lentjan (20.1 ± 13.3 cm) and Upeneus mulocensis (21.9 ± 14.2 cm). For the average weight of the main catches were D. Russeli (90 ± 35 g), Sardinella longiceps (81 ± 28 g), S.crumenopthalmus (89 ± 40 g), Lethrinus lentjan (92 ± 28 g) and Upeneus mulocensis (90 ± 30 g). The catch by lift net, gill net and hook line indicates unbalance exploitation of the natural food chain. TL groups 3 and 5 was more dominantly exploited. It is theoretically potentially impacting the ecological balance of fish resources in these habitats. Furthermore, the lift net and gill net have greater impact on sustainability of fish resources than hook line due to both the earlier dominantly exploited unallowable catch sizes (juvenile) of the fish target.
Keyword: Fishing impact, trophic level of catch, feeding habits, Southeast Maluku

Judul: Dampak Penangkapan Ikan terhadap Keseimbangan Trofik Level pada Habitat Lamun di Kepulauan Seribu, Provinsi DKI Jakarta
Abstrak: Fishing impacts of small-scale gears operating on seagrass habitat at Seribu Islands, DKI Jakarta Province, was quantified based on a widely accepted ecosystem measure and the ecology structure and the trophic level (TL) indicators. Trophic level of captured fish was evaluated during period October 2011 to April 2012. Fish samples were taken by means of experimental fishing using a set gillnet. In order to evaluate feeding habit a stomach content analysis that consist of quantity, volumetric and frequency of occurrence methods was conducted. The feeding habit data was analyzed by means of Relative Importance and Preponderance Indexes. Trophic level was analyzed base on three cases which found. Result showed that dominant of captured fish came from Holocentridae, that was redcoat (Sargocentron rubrum) and Belonidae that was spottail needlefish (Tylosurus strongylura) with each proportion 26 % of samples. The further dominant of captured fish fish was striped monocle bream (Scolopsis lineata) with proportion 14,5 % of samples. Size of the mean length of dominant captured fish were spottail needlefish (65,9 ± 21,7 cm), striped monocle bream (17,4 ± 1,4 cm) and redcoat (16,5 ± 1,6 cm). Size of the mean weight of dominant captured fish were spottail needlefish (584 ± 245 gr), redcoat (87 ± 30 gr) and striped monocle bream (77 ± 19 gr). Fish in the study area was dominated by herbivorous and demersal feeders. Many fishes that were captured on TL2 had potential to cause unbalanced trophic level in that fishing ground.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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