Judul: Simptom estrus dalam pertengahan siklus estrus akibat tumbuhnya folikel inter estrus anovulatori pada sapi perah
Abstrak: Pengamatan simptom estrus yang baik dan benar merupakan salah satu kunci pokok dari keberhasilan program inseminasi buatan. Dalam pengamatan gejala estrus yang benar, peternak kita sering dikacaukan dengan adanya kejadian estrus pada pertengahan siklus estrus yang dinamakan sebagai simptom estrus inter estrus akibat tumbuhnya folikel inter estrus anovulatori dengan menunjukkan gejala-gejala atau tanda-tanda estrus yang sama atau hampir serupa dengan estrus sebenarnya. Akibat terjadinya simptom estrus inter estrus ini bila peternak atau inseminator kurang jeli dalam mengamati tanda-tandanya maka inseminasi buatan tersebut akan sia-sia atau mungkin dapat menggugurkan kandungan dari hasil inseminasi buatan sebelumnya. Folikel inter estrus anovulatori dapat tumbuh setelah fase estrus. Antara hari ke 8 - 14 pos estrus dapat terbentuk lebih dari satu folikel inter estrus anovulatori yang mengandung hormon estrogen. Bila kadar hormon estrogenyang dikandung dalam folikel-folikel cukup banyak maka pada sapi-sapi betina tertentu dapat menimbulkan gejala estrus . ...
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Judul: Estrous Cycle Analysis of Beef Cattle  Cow Through the Ferning Test, Vaginal Swab, and Vulvar Morphology
Abstrak: Salah satu langkah penting dalam pengelolaan reproduksi hewan ternak yang efisien adalah identifikasi dan konfirmasi estrus. Permasalahan yang dihadapi dalam meningkatkan populasi ternak sapi salah satunya mengenai reproduksi. Kendala alamiah dalam reproduksi sapi yaitu memiliki sifat monotokus dengan interval kelahiran yang panjang. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan siklus estrus melalui salivary fern, profil sel epitel vagina dan tampilan fisik vulva pada sapi dengan memisahkan setiap pengamatan terhadap empat siklus estrus yaitu proestrus, estrus, metestrus, dan diestrus. Penelitian ini menggunakan 11 ekor sapi yang dibagi pada prosedur standar (n=3) dan pengujian lapang (n=8). Parameter yang digunakan pada metode ferning test yaitu adanya gambaran kristal menyerupai pakis pada semua lapangan pandang. Metode swab vagina memberikan perbedaan sel-sel yang terdapat dalam satu siklus estrus. Parameter dalam tampilan fisik vulva yaitu adanya pembengkakan, kemerahan, dan lendir pada area vulva. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sapi estrus menunjukkan bentuk kristal yang membentuk pola seperti pakis, pembengkakan dan kemerahan pada vulva, dan sel-sel superfisial pada sitologi vagina., One of the important steps in the efficient management of livestock reproduction is the identification and confirmation of estrus. One of the problems faced in increasing the cattle population is reproduction. The natural obstacle in cattle reproduction is having a monotocus nature with long birth intervals. This study aims to determine estrous cycle through salivary fern, vaginal epithelial cell profile and physical appearance of vulva in cows by separating each observation of the four estrous cycles namely proestrus, estrus, metestrus, and diestrus. This study used 11 beef cattle divided into steps for standard procedures (n=3) and then field assessment (n=8). The parameter used in the ferning test is the appearance of the fern-like crystals in all fields of view. The vaginal swab method provides differences in cells present in one estrous cycle. Parameters in the physical appearance on the vulva are swelling, redness, and mucus in the vulva area. The result of this research is that estrus beef cattle cows, show crystal form which form fern-like patterns, swelling and redness of the vulva, and superficial cells on vaginal cytology.
Keyword: estrus, ferning test, reproduction, vaginal swab, vulvar morphology

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell