Judul: Histopathological changes in the chest muscle musculus pectoralis in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) after 48 hours of death
Abstrak: Di Indonesia perburuan satwa liar yang dilindungi masih sering terjadi contohnya perburuan rangkong yang ditembak sampai mati. Forensik veteriner merupakan ilmu yang dikembangkan untuk mengetahui penyebab, waktu, dan cara kematian hewan. Otot merupakan bagian terbesar dan terluar setelah kulit sehingga sangat mudah kontak dengan lingkungan luar dan mengalami pembusukan. Pembusukan dapat di amati dengan pengamatan histopatologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui perubahan histopatologi pada otot dada ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) pasca 48 jam kematian. Sebanyak 75 ekor DOC (Day Old Chicken) ayam broiler dipelihara selama 7 hari. Ayam dibagi dalam 25 kelompok dan di euthanasia bersama dengan cara dislokasi persendian kemudian amati 3 sampel setiap 2 jam sekali sampai 48 jam. Gambar dikuantifkasi dengan ImageJ ver. 1.53, kemudian dianalisis dengan R sofware untuk melihat perbandingan perubahan setiap jamnya pada perubahan intesitas warna sitoplasma otot, perubahan kerapatan perimisium otot dan perubahan diamter pendek otot. Hasil pengamatan menunjukan perubahan histopatologi otot dada (muscullus pectoralis) didapatkan perubahan intensitas warna sitoplasma otot terlihat pada jam ke-0 sampai jam ke-26 mengalami penurun dan pada jam ke-28 sampai jam ke-48 mengalami peningkatan. Perubahan kerapatan perimisium otot dada terlihat pada jam ke-0 sampai jam ke-30 mengalami peningkatan dan pada jam ke-32-44 mengalami penurunan dan perubahan diameter pendek otot terlihat meningkat dada jam ke-10 sampai jam ke-30 mengalami peningkatan dan pada jam ke-32 sampai jam ke-48 perubahan relatif konstan. Hasil penelitian ini untuk menambah informasi tentang perubahan otot dada (muscullus pectoralis) ayam broiler pasca kematian secara histopatologi dan dapat menjadi acuan untuk menentukan waktu kematian pada hewan terutama unggas. Kata Kunci: ayam broiler, forensik veteriner, histopatologi, imageJ, otot dada., In Indonesia, hunting for protected wildlife animal hunting is still common, for example, hunting for hornbills that are shot to death. Veterinary forensics is a science developed to determine the cause, time, and modes of animal death. Muscle is the largest and outermost part below the skin, so it is very easy to be contacted with the external environment and undergo spoilage. Meat spoilage can be observed by histopathological observations. This study aims to determine the histopathological changes in the chest muscle of broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) after 48 hours of death. A total of 75 DOC (Day Old Chicken) broiler chickens were reared for 7 days. Chickens were divided into 25 groups and euthanized by joint dislocation and then observed 3 samples every 2 hours for up to 48 hours. Image quantified with ImageJ ver. 1.53, then analyzed with R software to see a comparison of hourly changes in muscle color intensity, changes in muscle perimysium density, and changes in short muscle diameter. The results showed that histopathological changes in the chest muscle (musculus pectoralis) showed that the color intensity of the muscle cytoplasm was decreased at 0 to 26 hours and increased at 28 to 48 hours. Changes in the perimysium density of the chest muscles were seen at 0 to 30 hours and increased at 32-44 hours and changes in the short muscle diameter were seen to increase from the 10th hour to the 30th hour. The 32nd to 48th hours of change are relatively constant. The results of
Keyword: Ayam Broiler, Forensik Veteriner, Histopatologi, ImageJ, Otot Dada, Broiler Chickens, Chest Muscle, Histopathology, ImageJ, Veterinary Forensic

Judul: Microscopic Changes in the Ventricular Organ of Broiler Chickens (Gallus domesticus) Up to 48 Hours after Death
Abstrak: Penentuan waktu kematian pada ayam broiler dapat dilihat dari proses pembusukan yang terjadi pada jasad. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan mikroskopis organ ventrikulus ayam broiler (Gallus domesticus) sampai 48 jam setelah kematian. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi mengenai waktu interval post mortem dan sebagai sumber acuan untuk pengembangan ilmu forensik hewan dibidang perunggasan. Salah satu metode untuk menentukan waktu interval post mortem adalah melalui pengamatan mikroskopis terhadap perubahan post mortem yang terjadi pada organ ventrikulus ayam broiler. Sebanyak 75 ekor ayam broiler berumur 7 hari yang dieuthanasia dengan cara dislokasi persendian leher pada waktu yang bersamaan, kemudiaan diamati 3 ekor ayam per dua jam sampai 48 jam setelah kematian. Analisis perubahan kerapatan tunika mukosa, warna tunika submukosa, dan tunika muskularis organ ventrikulus menggunakan aplikasi ImageJ untuk mengubah warna menjadi data kuantitatif dengan satuan pixel, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan uji analisis Pearson untuk melihat korelasi hubungan antara interval waktu post mortem dengan perubahan mikroskopis post mortem. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perubahan mikroskopis yang terjadi pada organ ventrikulus ayam broiler sampai 48 jam setelah kematian meliputi perubahan kerapatan tunika mukosa yang semakin merenggang serta mengalami deskuamasi dari lapisan koilin, warna tunika submukosa pucat pada akhir pengamatan, dan warna tunika muskularis semakin pucat serta terdapat celah-celah pada bagian tunika muskularis pada akhir pengamatan., Determination of the time of death in broiler chickens can be observed from the decay process that occurs in the body. This study aims to determine the microscopic changes of the ventricular organ of broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus) up to 48 hours after death. The results of this study are expected to provide information about after-death time intervals and as a reference sources for the development of animal forensic science in the poultry field. One method to determine after-death time intervals is through microscopic observation of the changes that occurring in the ventricular organ of broiler chickens after death. A total of 75 broilers aged seven days were euthanized through neck joint dislocation at the same time, then observed three chickens per two hours up to 48 hours after death. Analysis of changes in the density of the tunica mucosa, the colour of the tunica submucosa, and the muscularis of the ventricular organs using the ImageJ application to convert the colour into quantitative data in pixel. Data Analysed was using Pearson analysis test to see the correlation between after death time interval and after death microscopic changes. The results showed that the microscopic changes in ventricular organ of broiler chickens up to 48 hours after death included changes in the density of the tunica mucosa that was loosened also desquamation of stratum koilin, the colour of the tunica submucosa was pale at the end of the observation, and the colour of the tunica muscularis was getting paler and there were gaps in the muscularis at the end of the observation.
Keyword: broiler chickens, decomposition, veterinary forensic pathology, ventriculus

Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4