Judul: Combination of Tanjung Leaves (Mimusops elengi  L.), Sweet Starfruit Leaves (Averrhoa carambola L.), Curcuma (Curcuma  xanthorrhiza) as Anticoagulant in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: ABSTRAK RAFIKA ULANDARI. Kombinasi Daun Tanjung (Mimusops elengi L.), Daun Belimbing Manis (Averrhoa carambola L.) dan Rimpang Temulawak (Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb.) sebagai Antikoagulan pada Mencit (Mus musculus). Dibimbing oleh MIN RAHMINIWATI dan RAHMAT HIDAYAT. Daun tanjung, daun belimbing manis, dan rimpang temulawak memiliki kandungan flavonoid dan alkaloid yang dilaporkan berkhasiat mengatasi gangguan fungsi jantung. Selain melalui kinerja secara langsung terhadap jantung, obat untuk mengatasi pembekuan darah sering digunakan untuk mengatasi gangguan kardiovaskular. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji efikasi kombinasi ketiga ekstrak sebagai antikoagulan. Mencit sebanyak dua puluh lima ekor dikelompokkan menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan yakni kelompok yang diberi Aquadest 0,5 ml/25 g BB mencit sebagai kontrol negatif, aspirin 0,2 mg/20g BB sebagai kontrol positif, ekstrak rimpang temulawak dosis 0,1344 mg/20 g BB dan dua kelompok yang diberi kombinasi ketiga ekstrak masing masing dosis 0,63 mg/20g BB, dan 2,52 mg/20 g BB. Pengujian waktu perdarahan dan waktu koagulasi pada ekor mencit yang dilukai diukur pada jam ke-3, 6, dan 9 setelah pemberian ekstrak. Hasil diperoleh menunjukkan kombinasi ketiga ekstrak mempunyai efek sebagai antikoagulan, dengan memperpanjang waktu koagulasi dan perdarahan. Efek terbaik sebagai antikoagulan terdapat pada dosis 2,52 mg/20 g BB, dengan waktu pengukuran tertinggi dicapai pada jam ke-3. Potensi antikoagulan lebih baik dibandingkan aspirin ketika dosis kombinasi ekstrak ditingkatkan menjadi 2,52 mg/20 g BB mencit. Dengan demikian ekstrak gabungan daun tanjong, daun belimbing dan temulawak berpotensi sebagai antikoagulan dengan dosis terbaik sebagai antikoagulan adalah 2,52, mg/10 g BB. Kata kunci: daun belimbing manis, daun tanjung, mencit, rimpang temulawak, ABSTRACT RAFIKA ULANDARI. Combination of Tanjung Leaves (Mimusops elengi L.), Sweet Starfruit Leaves (Averrhoa carambola L.), Curcuma (Curcuma xanthorrhiza) as Anticoagulant in Mice (Mus musculus). Supervised by MIN RAHMINIWATI dan RAHMAT HIDAYAT. Mimusops elengi L, Averrhoa carambola L, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb contain flavonoids and alkaloids, which are reported capable of treating heart function disorders. In addition to their direct action on the heart, medicines aimed to preventing blood clots are often used in treating cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the combination of three extracts as anticoagulants. Twenty-five mice were divided into 5 group treatments. The negative control group was administered aquadestilata 0.5 ml/25 g BW, aspirin of 0.2 mg/20 g BW, and Curcuma xanthorrhiza extract of 0.1344 mg/20 g BW the combined three extracts of 0.63 mg/20 g BW, and 2.52 mg/20 g BW respectively. Bleeding time and coagulation time of blood from the injured tails were determined at the 3rd, 6th, and 9th hours post-extract administration. The results indicated that the combination of three extracts exhibits anticoagulant effects by prolonging bleeding time. The best effect as an anticoagulant is obtained at a dose of 2.52 mg/20 g BW, with the highest measurement recorded at the 3rd hour. The anticoagulant potential was superior to aspirin when the combination dose was increased to 2.52 mg/20 g BW in mice. Thus, the combined extract of tanjong leaves, star fruit leaves and ginger has the potential as an anticoagulant with the best dose as an anticoagulant being 2.52 mg/10 g BW. Keywords: Averrhoa carambola L, Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb, mice, Mimusops elengi L
Keyword: mencit, daun belimbing manis, daun tanjung, rimpang temulawak

Judul: Antidiarrheal Effect of Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) and Bitter Melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) Ethanolic Extract Combination in Mice (Mus musculus)
Abstrak: Kunyit (Curcuma longa Linn.) merupakan tanaman yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia dan umum digunakan sebagai bahan tambahan makanan atau digunakan sebagai obat. potensi kunyit sebagai obat sudah diketahui sejak lama dan di beberapa penelitian sudah dibuktikan efek farmakologisnya. Buah pare (Momordica charantia Linn.) biasa digunakan sebagai bahan olahan makanan di beberapa negara selain digunakan untuk tujuan terapeutik. Kunyit dan buah pare mengandung flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid, saponin, dan sterol yang dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antidiare. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengamati dan mengevaluasi efek antidiare kombinasi ekstrak etanol kunyit dan buah pare pada mencit. Metode proteksi diare menggunakan 25 ekor mencit dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok kemudian diberikan Tween-80 1%, Loperamid HCl 0.26 mg/kg BB, kombinasi ekstrak etanol dosis 20 mg/kg BB, 40 mg/kg BB, 80 mg/kg BB, lalu setelah 1 jam diberikan oleum ricini 0.5 mL peroral. Metode transit intestinal menggunakan 20 ekor mencit dan dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok. Metode ini dilakukan dengan memberikan 5 perlakuan berbeda lalu diberikan tinta cina sebagai marker setelah 45 menit secara peroral. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan oneway analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan uji lanjut Tukey. Kombinasi ekstrak etanol kunyit dan buah pare menunjukkan efek antidiare paling baik pada dosis 80 mg/kg BB., Turmeric (Curcuma longa Linn.) is a plant which is widely cultivated in Indonesia and commonly used as a food additive or medicine. Turmeric as a medicine has been known for a long time ago and turmeric’s pharmacological effect has been proven in several studies. Bitter melon (Momordica charantia Linn.) commonly used as a food ingredient in several countries in addition to being used for medicinal purposes. Turmeric and bitter melon contain flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, dan sterols which are reported to have antidiarrheal activity. This study was conducted to observe and evaluate the antidiarrheal effect of turmeric and bitter melon ethanolic extract combination in mice. Diarrhea protection method using a total of 25 mice divided into 5 groups and given Tween80 1%, Loperamide HCl 0.26 mg/kgBB, ethanolic extract combination 20 mg/kgBB, 40 mg/kgBB, 80 mg/kgBB dosage in each group, and then given 0.5 mL oleum ricini orally. Intestinal transit method using a total of 20 mice divided into 5 groups. This method was done by giving 5 different treatments and then given chinese ink as a marker after 45 minutes orally. The data were analyzed by using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s test. Turmeric and bitter melon ethanolic extract combination has an antidiarrheal effect at a dose of 80 mg/kgBB.
Keyword: antidiarrhea, bitter melon, ethanolic extract, curcuma, mice

Judul: Bifurkasi Hopf pada Model Siklus Bisnis Kaldor Kalecki tanpa dan dengan Waktu Tunda
Abstrak: Business cycle model is one of dynamical system models in economic. One of the business cycles model is Kaldor-Kalecki model. Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model that is written in delayed defferential equations, is a business cycle model that involves gross product and capital stock of a company. In this paper Kaldor-Kalecki business cycle model is analyzed using both nondelay and delay in time of capital stock. By Taylor expansion for the time delayed model, an analysis of stability around the fixed points has been done. Furthermore, by using Hopf bifurcation theorem, it can be shown that there exists periodic orbits and limit cycle. In the nondelayed model, changing the parameter of goods market could lead to the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and the existence of limit cycle. Similarly, for the delayed model, it has been shown that changing the time delay parameter may result in the occurrence of Hopf bifurcation and limit cycle.
Keyword: