Judul: Poverty and Marginalization Process of Peasants in Upland of Garut. Case Study of Two Peasants Community in Garut Upland
Abstrak: Garut is one of the upland areas in West Java with domestic income contribution from the agricultural sector is the highest compared to other sectors. On the other hand, the problem of rural poverty is still a problem faced Garut regency. Through the excavation of land tenure history and commodity distribution chain analysis, indicates that the process of impoverishment in the uplands caused by land occupation by the state through the forestry and plantation companies that resulted in the loss of farmers from force of production. In addition, the marginalization process of farmers continue to take place through the relations of production and distribution prevailing at the level of community amid the presence of a local peasant movements. This is due to the arena of local peasant movement is still centered on securing land tenure from the physical threat from plantations and forestry apparatus of the state.
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Judul: Kasus: Kampung Padajaya dan Kampung Padajembar, Dusun Cigarehong, Desa Purwabakti, Kecamatan Pamijahan, Kabupaten Bogor
Abstrak: Local poverty definition in Padajaya Village and Padajembar Village are an inability to attain a minimum standard of living and having no house. Agrarian problems of upland village are contour and fertility of land, relation between peasants and Taman Nasional Gunung Halimun (TNGH), small land ownership by peasants, environment damages, low access of transportation access, credit, cooperation, and agriculture extension. Agrarian reform consists of landreform and access reform. Access reforms that must be done in Padajaya Village and Padajembar Village are: developing peasant organisation, infrastructure, increasing capacity of agent of change and research, creating credit incentives.
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Judul: Shark (Centrophorus sp.) Liver Oil Enriched  with Omega-3 Concentrate as an Immunostimulant
Abstrak: Minyak hati ikan cucut kaya akan squalene namun rendah omega-3. Squalene dan omega-3 diketahui masing-masing memiliki efek imunostimulan. Penelitian terkait pengaruh pemberian minyak ikan mengandung komponen squalene dan omega yang tinggi terhadap imunitas belum pernah dilakukan. Penelitian ini menggunakan minyak hati ikan cucut yang ditambahkan dengan konsentrat omega- 3 pada konsentrasi tertentu. Penambahan omega-3 pada minyak hati cucut akan meningkatkan kandungan asam lemak tak jenuh pada minyak ikan yang dapat mengakibatkan minyak ikan lebih mudah mengalami oksidasi. Penambahan antioksidan dapat memperpanjang masa simpan produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan konsentrat omega-3 pada minyak hati cucut sebagai imunostimulan melalui uji in vitro dan mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi antioksidan terhadap oksidasi minyak ikan selama penyimpanan. Penambahan konsentrat omega-3 pada minyak hati cucut menunjukkan efek imunostimulan yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan minyak kontrol berdasarkan nilai viabilitas splenosit dan fagositosis makrofag. Penambahan antioksidan pada minyak dapat menghambat oksidasi minyak hati cucut selama penyimpanan hingga 30 hari pada suhu ruang untuk semua sampel, namun pada konsentrasi 6000 ppm terjadi prooksidan yang diakibatkan konsentrasi antioksidan yang ditambahkan terlalu tinggi., Shark liver oil is rich in squalene but low in omega-3. Squalene and omega- 3 are known to each have an immunostimulating effect. Research related to the effect of fish oil containing high squalene and omega components on immunity has never been carried out. This study used shark liver oil added with omega-3 concentrate at a certain concentration. The addition of omega-3 to shark liver oil will increase the content of unsaturated fatty acids in fish oil which can make fish oil more susceptible to oxidation. The addition of antioxidants can extend the shelf life of the product. This study aims to analyze the effect of adding omega-3 concentrate to shark liver oil as an immunostimulant through in vitro tests and to determine the effect of antioxidant concentrations on oxidation of fish oil during storage. The addition of omega-3 concentrate to the shark liver oil showed a higher immunostimulating effect than the control oil based on the values of splenocyte viability and phagocytosis of macrophages. The addition of antioxidants to oil can inhibit oxidation of shark liver oil during storage up to 30 days at room temperature for all samples, but at a concentration of 6000 ppm pro-oxidants occur due to the concentration of antioxidants added being too high.
Keyword: antioxidant, immunostimulant, omega-3 concentrate, shark liver oil, squalene