Judul: Analisis harga pokok produksi susu segar pada tingkat peternak sapi perah rakyat di Wilayah KPBS Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung
Abstrak: Harga susu segar yang diterima peternak anggota KPBS Pangalengan relatif kecil. misalnya pada tahun 1998 harga per kg susu segar adalah Rp 950.- yang meningkat menjadi Rp 1.050.- per kg pada tahun 1999. atau meningkat 10.53%. sementara harga konsentrat per kg dalam jangka waktu yang sama yaitu Rp 400.- meningkat menjadi Rp 500,- atau peningkatannya sebesar 25%.
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Judul: Perbandingan Kualitas Susu Segar Di Peternakan Rakyat dan Perusahaan Peternakan
Abstrak: Pemerintah meningkatkan ketersediaan susu segar sebagai bahan baku industri pengolahan susu melalui kemitraan dengan peternakan rakyat dan perusahaan peternakan sapi perah. Harga yang diberikan oleh IPS didasarkan pada kualitas susu. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis perbedaan kualitas susu segar yang berasal dari peternakan rakyat dan perusahaan peternakan sapi perah. Penelitian ini menggunakan 18 sampel susu segar dari Kelompok Ternak Mandiri Sejahtera, PT Sumber Citarasa Alam, dan PT Global Dairy Alam. Kualitas susu segar diuji dengan menghitung kadar berat jenis, lemak, protein, dan berat kering tanpa lemak (BKTL) menggunakan lactoscan dan dianalisis secara deskriptif. Kualitas susu sapi segar pada 3 (tiga) peternakan telah memenuhi standar SNI tentang syarat mutu susu segar. PT GDA memiliki nilai berat jenis, kadar protein, dan kadar BKTL paling baik dengan masing-masing kadar kualitas tersebut adalah 1,0322 ± 0,16 g ml-1 , 3,4 ± 0,03%, dan 9,4 ± 0,80%. Sementara untuk kadar lemak tertinggi berada di PT SCA yaitu 4,7 ± 1,31%. Penentuan harga susu di peternakan rakyat didasarkan pada berat jenis dan lemak susu, sedangkan di perusahaan sapi perah didasarkan pada Total Plate Count (TPC) dalam susu.
Keyword: kualitas susu, peternakan sapi perah, Sapi perah, Susu segar

Judul: Hybrid solar cells of ZnO nanoparticles/chlorophyll was modified metal ions (Zn2+ and Cu2+ )
Abstrak: Zinc Oxide (ZnO) is a n-type semiconductor with a wide the energy band (Band Gap) is 3.37 eV at room temperature and 3.34 eV at low temperature with a large exiton binding energy is 60 meV. ZnO has been synthesized by hydrothermal method, resulting in a decrease in particle size over the duration of the hydrothermal changes. Crystallographic structure of ZnO were characterized using XRD, has shown the characteristic pattern of a hexagonal wurtzite structure, the crystallite size increases to changes in particle size. Changes in particle size has also led to a change in the absorption peak of ZnO as has been demonstrated posted under test using the optical properties of UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Changes of this uptake has also led to changes in the energy band gap, which increases its band gap energy of the particle size. In electronic applications, especially in solar cells. Chlorophyll is considered less effective, because of their very nature are easily degraded as a result of several reactions which are acid, lighting and temperature. The results of the stability test using a halogen lamp 34 W/m2 for 5 hours, that the substitution of chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form more stable than natural chlorophyll. The characterization of the optical properties, the combination of ZnO / chlorophyll in the form of hybrid films has led to a shift in the absorption region of ZnO becomes more widely from the UV to Visible. ZnO/chlorophyll has absorption range of 350-515 nm, ZnO / Zn-feofitin 332-401 nm and 332-632 nm for Cu-feofitin. The combination of ZnO/chlorophyll and CuSCN as a solid electrolite in hybrid solar cell, a modified chlorophyll with metal ions Zn2+ and Cu2+ has been shown to form a more stable I-V curve. It is characterized by its fill factor value greater than natural chlorophyll. Nevertheless, solar cells with natural chlorophyll has been able to produce higher efficiency values of chlorophyll were substituted.
Keyword: Hydrothermal, ZnO/Chlorophyll modified, Hybrid Solar Cell