Judul: Pengaruh program kemitraan terhadap tingkat kesejahteraan petani dan pengolah ikan di kotamadya Palembang, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan
Abstrak: Salah satu strategi yang ditempuh dalam rangka memajukan sub sektor perikanan adalah peningkatan pendapatan dan taraf hidup petani dan nelayan. Peningkatan pendapatan merupakan upaya meningkatkan kesejahteraan telah dilakukan dengan berbagai cara, salah satu diantaranya adalah program kemitraan. Program ini ditujukan untuk membantu para pengusaha kecil yang bergerak dalam berbagai bidang. Bantuan diberikan baik dalam bentuk pembinaan maupun modal. Di Kotamadya Palembang, program kemitraan telah dilakukan oleh berbagai Badan Usaha Milik Pemerintah (BUMN) dengan Kantor Departemen Koperasi dan Pengusaha Kecil (dalam Kabinet Pembangunan VII dan Kabinet Reformasi Pembangunan menjadi Departemen Koperasi Pengusaha Kecil dan Menengah) sebagai mediator. Bantuan diberikan dalam bentuk pinjaman kredit dengan bunga 4-6% dari total jumlah pinjaman yang dibayarkan dalam jangka waktu 1 bulan atau 3 bulan sekali dengan grace period selama 6 bulan. Sejak tahun 1995 hingga tahun 1997, terdapat 13 petani ikan dan 10 unit usaha pengolahan ikan yang telah menerima bantuan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: (1). Mengetahui besarnya pendapatan petani dan pengolah ikan baik yang menerima bantuan maupun yang tidak menerima bantuan, (2). Mengetahui besar kontribusi usaha budidaya ikan atau usaha pengolahan ikan terhadap pendapatan total keluarga dan (3). Mengetahui tingkat kesejahteraan petani dan pengolah ikan baik yang menerima maupun yang lidak menerima bantuan dari program kemitraan. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari-Pebruari 1998 di Kotamadya Palembang, Propinsi Sumatera Selatan. Metode penelitian adalah metode survey dengan stratified random sampling sebagai metode pengambilan data. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Pengukuran tingkat kesejahteraan dilakukan dengan menggunakan 11 indikator dari Biro Pusat Statistik yang digunakan dalam SUSENAS 1991.
Keyword: 

Judul: Kinerja Produksi Udang Tambak Rakyat di Kecamatan Pangkajene, Sulawesi Selatan Berdasarkan Bantuan Modal PEMP DKP
Abstrak: One of the main constraints of aquaculture production enhancement is capital. Therefore, the Ministry of Fisheries and Marine Affairs has launched a capital assistance program for farmers with a program called Coastal Economic Empowerment (PEMP). The program was aimed to improve the welfare of fishermen and coastal communities. Kecamatan Pangkajene is one of the fund recipient areas where the program was distributed into three villages which are Bonto Perak, Anrong Appakka, and Sibatua (DKP, 2005). The objective of this study was to analyze the shrimp production performance of farmers who received financial aid program PEMP. The study was conducted on July to August 2009 in the village of Bonto Perak, Anrong Appaka and Sibatua, KecamatanPangkajene, Kabupaten Pangkep, South Sulawesi. Primary data was obtained by direct interviews in the field using a questionnaire whereas secondary data was obtained by literature study. The results of field research show that farmers who received the funding PEMP (on the period of 2005-2007) stocked 10,000-15,000 PL / cycle (57.14%) with PL size more than 20 (57,14%). While non PEMP-farmers stocked at a range of 7,500-10,000 PL /cycle (43.66%) with a more varied PL size which usually obtained from merchants logs (51.35%). PEMP farmers generally used a mixture of natural feed and artificial feed (57.14%) while non-PEMP farmers mostly used only natural feed (90.54%). The water used by PEMP farmers was obtained mostly directly from the sea (71.43%) while non-PEMP farmers obtained their water from the river (85.14%). The types of disease that generally found in PEMP recipient tambak ponds were White Spot Syndrome Virus (71.43%) while the disease mostly found in non-PEMP farm were red spots (red gills) (30.14%). The timing of disease occurrence in most PEMP farm was in the rainy season (57.15%) while in non-PEMP farm diseases tended to occur throughout the year. During the period of PEMP implementation (2005-2007), the farmers who received financial aid from PEMP program did not experience any production increase as they harvested crop was remain stable (100%) with a range of 50-100 kg / cycle (42.86%). At the same time, 8.11% of non-PEMP farmers revealed an increased production, 79.73% decreased production and 12.16% stagnan production with a range of harvested crop of 100-150 kg (44.59%). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the financial aid provided by PEMP program in Kecamatan Pangkajene, Kabupaten Pangkep, South Sulawesi increased the frequency of stocking and the use of some production inputs. This program however did not give a direct impact on production.
Keyword: 

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
Keyword: