Judul: The The Effectiveness of Community Empowerment program trough Small Micro Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) with Community Living Standard during the COVID-19 Pandemic (Case:  MSMEs Business Tourism Village)
Abstrak: Pandemi COVID-19 memberikan dampak besar pada seluruh negara di dunia serta lapisan masyarakat tanpa terkecuali dari segi sosial, politik, ekonomi, dan kebudayaan. Salah satu upaya yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi hal tersebut adalah pemberdayaan. Desa Tegalwaru yang terletak di kecamatan Ciampea sendiri terkenal sebagai sentral UMKM. Pemanfaatan UMKM bisa menjadi salah satu solusi pemberdayaan di tengah pandemi. Oleh karena itu, peneliti akan menganalisis hubungan tingkat efektivitas program dan taraf hidup anggota UMKM pada masa Pandemi COVID-19. Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara terstruktur dengan menggunakan kuesioner yang diberikan kepada responden sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh melalui metode wawancara mendalam dengan informan dan observasi lapang. Responden dipilih sebanyak 45 responden dengan menggunakan kombinasi antara teknik simple random sampling dan cluster sampling dan informan ditentukan secara purposif.
Keyword: Effectiveness, Empowerment, Living Standard, Pandemic

Judul: Vulnerability Analysis and Livelihood Adaptation of MSME Entrepreneurs in Responding to the Covid-19 Pandemic (Case: Tegal Waru MSME Entrepreneur, Ciampea District, Bogor Regency)
Abstrak: Kebijakan PSBB dan PPKM untuk menekan angka penyebaran virus Covid-19 mengubah tatanan kehidupan masyarakat karena masyarakat harus melakukan aktivitas dari rumah. Rumah tangga pengusaha UMKM menjadi rentan akibat sumber ekonominya melemah dan membutuhkan strategi adaptasi agar dapat bertahan di tengah guncangan tersebut. Berbagai bentuk modal nafkah yang dapat diakses rumah tangga harus dimanfaatkan semaksimal mungkin. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kerentanan dan upaya adaptasi nafkah pengusaha UMKM dalam merespons pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif melalui kuesioner dan didukung data kualitatif dari wawancara secara mendalam. Dari hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa rumah tangga pengusaha UMKM relatif rentan terhadap pandemi Covid-19. Namun, tidak terdapat hubungan antar kerentanan nafkah dengan strategi adaptasi., The PSBB and PPKM policies to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 virus have changed the order of people's lives because people have to carry out activities from home. MSME entrepreneur households are vulnerable due to weak economic resources and require adaptation strategies in order to survive in the midst of these shocks. Various forms of livelihood capital that are accessible to households should be utilized as much as possible. The purpose of this study is to analyze the vulnerability and adaptation efforts of MSME entrepreneurs in responding to the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is a quantitative method through a questionnaire and is supported by qualitative data from in-depth interviews. From the results of the study, it was found that the households of MSME entrepreneurs were relatively vulnerable to the Covid-19 pandemic. However, there is no relationship between livelihood vulnerability and adaptation strategies.
Keyword: Livelihood Vulnerability Index, Livelihood Capital, Livelihood Adaptation Strategy

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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