Judul: Analisis kerentanan dan determinan kemiskinan berdasarkan karakteristik wilayah di Kabupaten Barru Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan, Analysis of vulnerability and poverty determinant based on regional characteristic in Barru Regency South Sulawesi Province
Abstrak: Poverty is related not only to economic aspect, but also to social, culture, politic and spatial aspect and susceptible to externalities. Islam (2001), said that susceptible can take place because shock in micro level such as illness of wage earner or deathness, and in meso level such as harvest fail, fluctuation of product price, and environment degradation, and in macro level because financial crisis. This study intend to: (i) to identify poor household characteristic according to area tipology; (ii) to analyze the influence of education level, healthy, accessibility, household economic condition, communities participation in development process, and regional aspect to poverty vulnerability; (iii) to analyze the susceptibility level of poor household based on regional characteristics; (iv) to analyze the influence of economic growth, government expenditure, regional genuine income, inflation, sector share to PDRB, and financial crisis, against poverty in Barru Regency. This study used descriptive and quantitative methodologies. Data consists of primary data from survey and interview and secondary data that related to poverty determinant. Sampling was done with multistage area sampling to determine study village i.e. 6 coastal villages, 3 lowland villages and 3 highland villages. The number respondents were 480 households, consists of 240 households from coastal villages, 120 households from lowland villages and 120 from highland villages. Results of the study show that household characteristics were different among region. Household characteristic on highland region were featured by low education level, low health level, limited access to health insurance, low access to formal financial institution, limited access to state electricity, limited access to middle education and limited access to telecomunication compared to household in coastal and lowland region. Furthermore, communities participation level in development process was highest in lowland region, followed by highland region, and the lowest in coastal region. Household vulnerabilities against poverty based micro perspective were influenced by some variables i.e. (i) woman household head; (ii) large amount of family burden; (iii) low education level of household level; (iv) low access to formal financial institution; (v) low health of household head; (vi) limited access to state electricity; (vii) low participation in development process; and (viii) low value of productive assets property. In addition, poverty vulnerability associated with regional aspect, household living in highland region has less vulnerability compare to household living in coastal and lowland region. Moreover, determinant or factors that influence to the decreasing of poor population amount based on macro perspective consists of: (i) government expense on education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure; (ii) PDRB per capita; (iii) increasing contribution of agriculture sector and industrial sector to PDRB; and (iv) policy of fiscal decentralization. Factors that have positive influence against the increasing poor population, consist of (i) increasing area native income; (ii) increasing price of product and service (GDP_ deflator); and (iii) monetary crisis. Based on simulation of poverty reduction policy, there are three macro agendas that strategically can accelerate poverty reduction in Barru Regency. The three macro agendas are (i) increasing public expenditure to education, health, agriculture, and infrastructure; (ii) increasing productivity of agriculture sector, (iii) increasing productivity of industry sector; (iv) economic growth with equity;
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Judul: Analysis of Determinants of Poverty in Underdeveloped Regions in Sumatra Island
Abstrak: Pulau Sumatra memiliki kinerja ekonomi yang baik bila mengacu pada kontribusi terhadap PDB Nasional. Namun Pulau Sumatra masih memiliki tujuh daerah tertinggal. Kondisi ini diperparah dengan persentase penduduk miskin yang sangat tinggi di tiap daerah tertinggal. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk memetakan perkembangan kemiskinan daerah tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra dengan menggunakan tipologi Klassen, serta menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kemiskinan di Daerah Tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra dengan metode analisis regresi data panel. Hasil analisis pemetaan yang dilakukan dengan tipologi klassen menunjukkan Kabupaten Nias Utara konsisten berada di kuadran dengan persentase kemiskinan tinggi dan PDRB per kapita rendah selama periode penelitian. Sedangkan mayoritas kabupaten lainnya berpindah posisi kuadran. Hasil analisis regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa faktor yang berpengaruh signifikan menurunkan kemiskinan adalah Panjang jalan dengan kondisi baik, IPM, Belanja modal dan PDRB per kapita. Sementara tingkat pengangguran terbuka (TPT) berpengaruh signifikan meningkatkan kemiskinan. Sedangkan belanja bantuan sosial tidak berpengaruh terhadap kemiskinan daerah tertinggal di Pulau Sumatra., Sumatra Island has shown a strong economic performance in terms of its contribution to the national GDP. However, the island still has seven underdeveloped regions. This situation is further exacerbated by a high percentage of poverty in each of these underdeveloped areas. This research aims to map the progress of poverty in these underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island using the Klassen typology, and to analyze the faktors influencing poverty in these regions through panel data regression analysis. The mapping analysis conducted using the Klassen typology consistently places North Nias Regency in the quadrant with a high poverty percentage and low per capita gross regional domestic product (PDRB) throughout the study period. Meanwhile, most other regencies have shifted their quadrant positions. The panel data regression analysis results indicate that significant faktors reducing poverty include the length of well-maintained roads, the Human Development Index (HDI), capital expenditure, and per capita PDRB. On the other hand, the open unemployment rate (TPT) significantly increases poverty. Social assistance spending does not have an effect on poverty in the underdeveloped regions of Sumatra Island
Keyword: Determinants of poverty, panel data regression, Sumatra Island, Underdeveloped Regions

Judul: Closed Knight’s Tour pada Papan Catur Berbentuk Persegi Panjang dengan Ukuran Maksimal 8 × 8
Abstrak: Closed Knight’s Tour merupakan langkah kuda yang mengunjungi setiap kotak pada papan catur tepat satu kali dengan langkah kuda berawal dan berakhir pada kotak yang sama. Graf yang terbentuk dari closed knight’s tour dinotasikan sebagai graf G(m,n), dengan m adalah banyaknya baris dan n adalah banyaknya kolom. Graf tersebut memuat Hamiltonian cycle. Sebuah graf terhubung G adalah graf bipartite jika dan hanya jika graf tersebut tidak memiliki cycle dengan panjang ganjil. Papan catur yang memenuhi syarat cukup untuk memiliki closed knight’s tour adalah papan catur berukuran 5 × 6, 5 × 8, 6 × 6, 6 × 7, 6 × 8, 7 × 8, dan 8 × 8.
Keyword: bipartite, closed knight’s tour, hamiltonian cycle, knight’s tour, teori graf