Judul: The Effect of Impregnation Time and Polymerization Temperature of Calcium Carbonate (CaCO3) on the Physical Mechanical Properties of Mineralized Sengon Wood
Abstrak: Sengon merupakan salah satu jenis kayu yang ditanam di hutan tanaman dan termasuk ke dalam jenis kayu cepat tumbuh (fast growing). Penelitian bertujuan mengidentifikasi keefektifan mineralisasi menggunakan metode impregnasi kalsium karbonat terhadap sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu sengon. Variasi perlakuan yang diberikan yaitu waktu impregnasi dan suhu polimerisasi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode impregnasi CaCl2 dan Na2CO3 yang diimpregnasi dengan tekanan 0,5 MPa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan waktu impregnasi dan suhu dapat meningkatkan nilai sifat fisis, mekanis, dan uji warna. WPG meningkat sebesar 27,78% pada suhu 100 °C. Nilai kerapatan tertinggi sebesar 0,51 g/cm3. MOEd dan MOEs menunjukan tren yang meningkat seiring dengan bertambahnya waktu impregnasi. Kuat tekan sejajar serat meningkat hingga 67,03% pada suhu 100 °C. Nilai perubahan warna (?E) menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dengan intensitas pemanasan yang lebih tinggi, menunjukkan warna kayu menjadi lebih gelap. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa impregnasi dengan CaCO3 dan pemanasan dapat meningkatkan sifat mekanis dan fisik kayu sengon, menjadikannya lebih stabil dan kuat., Sengon is one of the types of wood planted in plantation forests and is classified as a fast-growing wood. This study aims to identify the effectiveness of mineralization using the calcium carbonate impregnation method on the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood. The treatment variations given include impregnation time and polymerization temperature. The study was conducted using CaCl2 and Na2CO3 impregnation methods under a pressure of 0,5 MPa. The results showed that increasing impregnation time and temperature could enhance the physical, mechanical properties, and color test values. Weight Percent Gain (WPG) increased by 27,78% at a temperature of 100 °C. The highest density value was 0,52 g/cm³. Both modulus of elasticity in dynamic (MOEd) and static (MOEs) showed an increasing trend with longer impregnation times. Compressive strength parallel to the grain increased by up to 67,03% at 100 °C. The color change value (?E) showed a significant increase with higher heating intensity, indicating the wood became darker. The study results indicate that impregnation with CaCO3 and heating can improve the mechanical and physical properties of sengon wood, making it more stable and stronger.
Keyword: MOEd, WPG, compressive strength, mineralization, vacuum-press

Judul: The effect of calcium carbonate concentration variation on the physical and mechanical properties of mineralized sengon wood (Paraserianthes falcataria (L.) Nielsen)
Abstrak: Kayu Sengon merupakan golongan kayu kelas awet IV-V dan kelas kuat IV-V maka mudah diserang organisme perusak seperti jamur dan serangga. Penelitian sebelumnya menyebutkan bahwa jenis kayu cepat tumbuh dapat menggantikan kayu hutan alam (rotasi panjang) dengan dilakukan pengawetan dan mineralisasi. Peningkatan sifat fisis dan mekanis kayu sengon akibat mineralisasi oleh larutan kalsium karbonat (CaCO3) dapat dilakukan sebagai alternatif untuk menambah nilai jual kayu sengon di pasaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan proses mineralisasi dengan menggunakan CaCO3 terbukti meningkatkan nilai sifat fisis dan mekanis pada kayu sengon. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efektivitas dari penambahan CaCO3 kedalam kayu terhadap ketahanan sifat fisis, mekanis, dan anatomi serta mengetahui konsentrasi optimum dari kalsium karbonat. Kayu sengon di impregnasi dua kali menggunakan kalsium klorida (CaCl2) dan kalsium karbonat (K2CO3) dengan tiga variasi konsentrasi (0.5, 1 dan 2 mol/L). Konsentrasi optimum untuk meningkatkan sifat fisis dan mekanis pada penelitian ini ditunjukkan oleh larutan impregnasi 0.5 mol/L., Sengon wood falls into the durability class IV-V and strength class IV-V, making it susceptible to destructive organisms such as fungi and insects. Previous studies have indicated that fast-growing species of wood can replace long-rotation natural forest wood with proper preservation and mineralization. Enhancing the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood through mineralization with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) solution can be an alternative to increase the market value of sengon wood. Research results show that the mineralization process using CaCO3 significantly improves the physical and mechanical properties of sengon wood. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of adding CaCO3 to the wood on the resistance of its physical, mechanical, and anatomical properties and to identify the optimum concentration of calcium carbonate. Sengon wood was impregnated twice using calcium chloride (CaCl2) and calcium carbonate (K2CO3) with three concentration variations (0.5, 1, and 2 mol). The optimum concentration for improving the physical and mechanical properties in this study was shown by the 0.5 mol impregnation solution.
Keyword: sengon, CaCO3, kayu mineralisasi, sifat fisis, mekanis kayu

Judul: Antibodi anti-idiotipe sebagai kandidat vaksin rabies, Anti-idiotype andibody as a rabies vaccine candidate
Abstrak: Anti rabies serum (ARS) called antibody 1 (Ab1) was used as the antigen to immunize laying chickens. Anti-Ab1 chicken immunoglobulins (IgY), the antiidiotype antibodies against rabies (Ab2) was isolated from chicken blood every week for ten weeks. The highest titer of Ab2 was found at the third week after the last immunization. Immunoglobulin Y was separated by means of ammonium sulfate precipitation, then dialyzed using PBS pH 8.0 for 24 hours at 2 – 8 oC and purified using affinity chromatography column for IgY lead the proteins molecules with 185,000; 95,000 and 49,000 dalton in weigth. Purified IgY was used to immunize New Zealand White rabbit and the antibody response (Ab3) was detected using Agar Gel Precipitation Test (AGPT). The Ab3 showed specific reaction with Ab2 as well as rabies virus. Interestingly, Ab2 and rabies virus express partial identity reaction. This lead the insight, that not all parts of Ab2 are internal image of rabies virus. The efficacy of Ab3 was detected using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and indicated that the level of Ab3 titer is protective according to WHO standard (more than 0.5 IU/ml). The conclusion of this study is the anti-idiotype antibody can induce protective immune response against rabies virus and can be used as an alternative for rabies anti-idiotype vaccine. Key words : anti-idiotype vaccine, antibody, rabies
Keyword: