Judul: Characteristics of cross laminated timber made from fast growing species with a different number of layers
Abstrak: Cross laminated timber (CLT) is one of the engineered wood products made by arranging a number of layers of wood crossing one another, which are then glued with adhesive. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of timber spesies and number of layers to physical and mechanical properties of CLT, to investigate the number of layers and wood species of CLT constituent that produce the best characteristics and compare the physical and mechanical properties of CLT with solid wood. The wood species used in this study were mangium wood (Acacia mangium Willd.), afrika (Maesopsis eminii Engl.) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba Miq.). CLT beam was divided into 3 groups based on the number of lamina layers, 3 layers, 5 layers and 7 layers respectively. The adhesive used was Water Based Polymer Isocyanate (WBPI), applied on both surfaces to be bonded with the spreading weight of 280 g/m2. The test method of physical and mechanical properties of CLT was conducted based on ASTM D143-05 : Standard Test Methods for Small Clear Specimen of Wood. The study results showed that the type of wood and the number of layers significantly influenced the physical and mechanical properties of CLT. In comparison of the physical and mechanical properties of CLT with solid wood, the average density and stiffness of CLT were equivalent to those of its solid wood, the average value of moisture content in CLT was 2.3 to 5.6% lower compared to that of solid wood, the average value of bending strength for CLT with 5 layers was equivalent to that of its solid wood while the CLT of 3 and 7 layers was 18.3 to 18.6% lower compared to its solid wood, the average value of compressive strength parallel to grain of CLT was 21.8 to 26.1% lower than that of its solid wood, and the average value of shearing strength for afrika and jabon CLT was equivalent to its solid wood whereas that of mangium CLT was 26.8 to 47.4% lower when compared to its solid wood Key words : Cross laminated timber, fast growing species, physical and mechanical properties. . The layers number of CLT that produce the best characteristics is the 5 layers and the wood species that produces the best characteristics is mangium wood.
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Judul: Influence of Layer Combination of Pine and Coconut on Characteristic of  Cross Laminated Timber Bonded With Polyurethane Adhesive
Abstrak: Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi karakteristik kayu laminasi silang (CLT) yang terbuat dari kayu pinus, batang kelapa dan kombinasinya menggunakan perekat poliuretan. Pembuatan CLT diawali dengan karakterisasi bahan perekat dan kayu yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Panel CLT dibuat dengan dimensi 100 cm x 30 cm x 3,6 cm, masing-masing panjang, lebar, dan tebal. Laminasi disusun menjadi tiga lapis dengan muka/inti/belakang yaitu PPP, KKK, PKP, dan KPK, saling tegak lurus menggunakan perekat poliuretan dengan sebaran lem 160 g.m-2. Sifat fisis dan mekanis CLT dinilai mengacu pada standar JAS 3079 (2019). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perekat poliuretan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini mampu mengeras secara optimal pada suhu 30 °C selama 200 menit. Kayu pinus dan kelapa memiliki sifat fisis dan kimia yang berbeda, tetapi memiliki keterbasahan yang mirip dengan perekat poliuretan. CLT pinus hibrida memiliki karakteristik yang lebih baik daripada CLT pinus tunggal. Sebaliknya, CLT kelapa tunggal memiliki karakteristik yang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan CLT kelapa hibrida. Semua sampel CLT tidak memenuhi standar JAS 3079 (2019) untuk delaminasi (≤10%) dan kerusakan kayu (≥90%)., The aims of this study was to evaluated characteristic of cross laminated timber (CLT) made from pine wood, coconut trunk, and their combination using polyurethane adhesive. The manufacturing of CLT begins with the characterization of the adhesive and wood materials used in this study. The CLT panels are made with dimensions of 100 cm by 30 cm by 3.6 cm, in length, width, and thickness, respectively. The laminate was organized into three layers with the face/core/back, namely PPP, CCC, PCP, and CPC, perpendicular to each other using polyurethane adhesive with a glue spread of 160 g.m-2. The physical and mechanical properties of the CLT were assessed alluding to the JAS 3079 (2019) standard. The results showed that the polyurethane adhesive used in this study was able to curring optimally at a temperature of 30 °C for 200 minutes. Solid pine and coconut had different physical and chemical properties, but had similar wettability to polyurethane adhesives. Hybrid pine CLT has better characteristics than single pine CLT. In contrast, single coconut CLT has better characteristics than hybrid coconut CLT. All samples of CLT didn’t meet the JAS 3079 (2019) standard for delamination (≤10%) and wood failure (≥90%).
Keyword: Coconut trunk, Cross Laminated Timber, Layer combination, Pine wood, Polyurethane adhesive

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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