Judul: Gene Variation 5-Htt Allele Coding Aggressiveness On Sumatran Orangutan (Pongo Abelii
Abstrak: Orangutan Sumatera (Pongo abelii) merupakan kera besar yang daerah persebarannya hanya di Asia. Hewan ini merupakan primata yang agresif. Agresivitas dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, diantaranya oleh gen. Gen yang berperan yaitu gen 5-HTT yang merupakan penyandi transporter serotonin yang bekerja meregulasi sistem serotonergik dan reseptornya melalui modulasi konsentrasi serotonin di dalam cairan ekstraselular. Variasi yang terjadi pada daerah intron dapat mengubah regulasi transkripsi gen 5-HTT. Perubahan ekspresi dari transporter dapat berpengaruh terhadap agresivitas, emosi, fungsi motorik dan beberapa sifat kognitif pada primata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi keragaman gen 5-HTT pada P. abelii. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 48 sampel yang terdiri dari 28 jantan dan 20 betina. Amplifikasi gen 5-HTT dilakukan secara in vitro dengan menggunakan teknik PCR. Frekuensi genotipe L/L 23.81 %, L/S 47.62 %, dan S/S 28.57%. Frekuensi alel L 0.48 dan alel S 0.52. Amplifikasi sampel Macaca nemestrina dilakukan untuk membandingkan ukuran fragmen amplikon gen 5-HTT pada monyet dan kera besar. Sampel P. abelii nomor 127 (S/S) dan 131 (L/L) dan sampel M. nemestrina nomor 12, 38, dan 39 menunjukkan kemiripan sebesar 99% dengan gen transporter serotonin manusia pada kromosom 17 dengan nomor aksesi NG_011747.1. Individu bergenotipe L/L mengekspresikan serotonin dua kali lebih banyak daripada individu bergenotipe S/S atau L/S. Alel S memiliki aktifitas transkripsi yang rendah dibandingkan alel L.
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Judul: Variasi Alel dari Gen 5-HTT (Penyandi Agresivitas) pada Macaca nemestrina
Abstrak: Macaca nemestrina is an aggressive primate. The aggresivity is influenced by many factors, one of them is by a gene. The 5-HTT gene encodes the serotonin transporter that affects the regulation of serotonergic system and its receptor by modulating the concentration of serotonin in extracellular fluid. Variation in promoter and intron region can change the transcriptional activity of the 5-HTT gene, mainly the activity of the transporter and serotonin uptake. The transporter change activity influenced aggressivity, emotion, motor function, and some cognitive traits in primates. This research aimed to determine alelles variant of 5-HTT gene (encoding aggresivity) in M. nemestrina. Samples used in this research consisted of 56 M. nemestrina. The gene was amplified by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method. Amplification in promoter region revealed two alleles and three genotypes with the frequencies of L and S alleles were 88,18% and 11,82%, respectively. Amplification of the third intron region showed two alleles with the frequency of l and s alleles were 55,4% and 44,6%, respectively. None of the individual had s/s genotype in the third intron region. Short allele was dominant to long allele. The presence of at least one short allele decreased transcription activity. There was one individual with S/S genotype in promoter region that was possibly to be the alpha male in the group.
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Judul: Penerapan teknik watermarking untuk penandaan hak cipta pada peta vektor dengan format DXF
Abstrak: Drawing Interchange Format (DXF) is one of the general file in the field of the vector image commonly used for making maps. The DXF format is a tagged data representation of all the information contained in an AutoCAD drawing (DWG) file. Tagged data means that each data element in the watermark is preceded by an integer number called the group code. The study was carried out because there is still no tools of labeling the copyright on digital mapping using DXF file. This study aims to generate an application for copyright labeling on vector map with DXF format that can be applied to any types of spatial objects in the map. The technique used is changing the code inside the vector image. The insertion of the watermark is done by utilizing ENTITIES section by multiplying objects for sets of binary values. The results showed that the image after the watermarking insertion process is the same as the original vector image. Embedded watermark is resistant to rotation and scaling, however it has the possibility of one-third to be broken in the attack on specific object. This study has successfully implemented watermarking technique for copyright labeling on the vector map with DXF format.
Keyword: Drawing Interchange Format, Robust Watermark, Tagged Data, Vector Image, Watermarking