Judul: Karakterisasi Parameter Sistem Pendulum Terbalik Dual pada Masalah Tracking Error Optimal
Abstrak: In this thesis we study the optimal tracking error problem applied to dual invertedndulum system. We stabilize the pendulwn system by controlling itsosition well as minimizing the tracking error, the difference between Osition and actual position. The focus of this study is on fonnulating the analytical expression of the optimal tracking error. We show that the analytical can be completely characterized in terms of pendulwn parameters, such as nihgths, masses, and the mass of the motor. Furthermore, we rewrite the expressici solely in terms of pendulum length by setting other parameters constant.~inally, we provide . some illustrative examples showing the relation between ndulumlengths and the minimum achievable tracking error.
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Judul: Pemodelan Sistem Pendulum Terbalik Ganda dan Karakterisasi Parameter pada Masalah Regulasi Optimal
Abstrak: The inverted pendulum systems are standard problems in the area of control systems. Demonstration of concepts in linear control such as the stabilization systems is often useful. Illustrating some of the ideas in nonlinear control is also useful. In this work, the inverted pendulum systems on optimal regulation problem in terms of the plant parameters are characterized. First, the single and double inverted pendulum systems are modeled. Then the analytical expressions for the optimal regulation problem where minimized the control input are derived. For both pendulums, the energy will be optimal if the length of pendulum is longer. If pendulum in systems which given is longer, then systems will be easy stable or other. Double inverted pendulum system is generally harder to be controlled than the single one
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Judul: Lejeuneaceae Subfamily Ptychanthoideae (Hepaticae) in  West Java
Abstrak: Subfamily Ptychanthoideae of the family Lejeuneaceae (Hepaticae) in West Java is still poorly known. Publications on this subfamily are out of dated and written in the 19th or early of 20th century. The last taxonomic treatment of Ptychanthoideae of West Java was in 1933, many species names have changed since then. Studies on Ptychanthoideae of West Java are urgently needed. Studies on the Ptychanthoideae were based on the specimens collected from West Java. A total number of 361 of specimens deposited in the Herbarium Bogoriense (BO), Herbarium Biotrop (BIOT), Gottingen Herbarium (GOET) and Bangi Herbarium (UKMB) were examined, those are old and several recent specimens collected in West Java. Recent collections were made from Telaga Warna, Ciater, Gunung Halimun Salak National Park, Cibodas Botanical Garden, Bodogol Education Center and Conservation (Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park), University of Indonesia Campus Depok, including several collections from Banten Province. Twenty four species of Lejeuneaceae subfamily Ptychanthoideae are known from West Java, belonging to 8 genera namely Acrolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (2 species), Archilejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (1 species), Lopholejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (10 species), Mastigolejeunea (Spruce) Schiffn. (3 species), Ptychanthus Nees (1 species), Schiffneriolejeunea Verd. (1 species), Spruceanthus Verd. (2 species) and Thysananthus Lindenb. (4 species). Two new records of Ptychanthoideae: Mastigolejeunea indica Steph. and Thysananthus minor Verdoorn are reported for Java. A determination key to the species is presented including their descriptions and illustrations.
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