Judul: Biokomposit filler nanopartikel serat kulit rotan sebagai material pengganti komposit sintetis fiber glass pada komponen kendaraan bermotor
Abstrak: The technology of bionanocomposite development in Indonesia had a good prospects. This is due to the availability of natural resources, especially agricultural products and waste which abundant and can be obtained throughout the year. The rattan bark is one of the agricultural waste that could be used as a source of fiber for bionanocomposite. The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize bionanocomposite of polypropylene reinforced cellulose nanoparticles of rattan to be used to replace glass fiber as a filler in the composite. Cellulose was made of rattan bark in the form of nanoparticles by mechanical milling method, shaking, heating and ultrsonication in liquid media. These nanoparticles was used as a bionanocomposite filler which was prossesed by injection molding method with variation of concentration from 2% - 20%. The XRD result from the nanoparticles bark of rattan showed β-cellulose phase with monoclinic structure and crystal structure at 2θ = 220 (002). The density of nanoparticles was 0.2492 g cm-3 Keywords: Cellulose, extraction, nanoparticles, biodegradable, ultrasonication, . The surface morphology was elongated like a hollow cylinder. The size of the nanoparticles was 20 nm (TEM testing) with a homogeneous distribution volume of 32 %. Results from EDS and AAT indicated that bionanocomposite comprise of C, H and O as well as minerals Ca, K, Si. The mechanical properties from bionanocomposite of polypropylene reinforced cellulose nanoparticles of rattan was optimum at filler concentrations of 5%. The properties that comparable to synthetic composites were modulus of elasticity, hardness, tensile breaking elongation while, flexural strength and tensile yield strength were lower. This was due to the aglomeration in some areas so that the filler interphase bond was not optimal.
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Judul: Sifat Mekanik Dan Termal Bionanokomposit Filler Rotan.
Abstrak: Ketersediaan rotan yang melimpah merupakan sumber daya alam kaya serat.Nanopartikel rotan merupakan pilihan material yang sangat potensial untuk dikembangkan dan diteliti lebih lanjut sebagai fillerbionanokomposit berbasis polimer. Tahap awal penelitian inirotan diberi dua perlakuan inokulasi dan non inokulasi, pada perlakuan inokulasi jamur digunakan White rote fungi isolat F dan kapang Aspergillus niger isolat H dengan waktu inokulasi 21 hari. Tahap selanjutnya sintesis nanopartikel serat alam dari rotan sebagai bahan penguat polipropilen (PP) menggunakan metodediskmillingdengan variasi waktu15 menit, 30 menit, dan 45 menit dan sintesis bionanokomposit dengan komposisi PP 92% sebagai matriks, rotan 5% sebagai filler, dan PPMA 3% sebagai coupling agent. Hasil dari menggunakan metode disk millingdidapatkanwaktu milling optimum 30 menit dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel 24.35 nm dalam rentang 15.49 - 48.99 nmpada perlakuan non inokulasi melalui alat ujiPSA yang menggunakan metodeakumulasi distribusi jumlah (number). Morfologi permukaan nanopartikel rotan optimum menunjukkan semakin lama waktu milling, semakin kecil ukuran partikelnya, dan memiliki nilai ACS sebesar 0.9833 Å (0.09833 nm) dengan FWHM 0.1557 rad. Bionanokomposit filler nanopartikel rotan optimum memiliki karakteristik termal sebanding dengan komposit filler fiber glass. Bionanokomposit optimum memiliki onset temperature 132.537 0C, puncak endoterm 166.291 0C, puncak eksoterm 398.494 0C, perubahan entalpi (ΔH) pada puncak endoterm pertama (+) 101.097 K-1 J/g, kapasitas panas (Cp) 0,998 K -1 J/ºC, serta pengurangan masa pada dekomposisi tahap awal dan akhir sebesar 23.1% dan 38.44%. Berdasarkan uji kekuatan tarik dan tekan, secara umum dengan penambahan serat alam pada matriks PP tidak memberikan pengaruh kenaikan pada nilai kuat tariknya (Tensile Strenght). Sampel non inokulasi dan inokulasimemiliki nilai kuat tarik 22.3565 N/mm2 dan 20.5294 N/mm2,hal ini menunjukkan penurunan jika dibandingkan PP murni22.6935 N/mm2.Penurunan ini disebabkan oleh ikatan bidang antar muka yang lemah antara rotan dan PP. Nilai flexural strengthmenunjukkan berapa beban maksimum yang dapat ditanggung oleh sampel, dimana sampel inokulasi dan non inokulasi memiliki nilai 27.602 N/mm2 dan 32.6065 N/mm2. Kualitas uji kekuatan benturan (impak izod) sampel inokulasi dan non inokulasi sebesar 67.769 J/m dan 65.64 J/m melebihi standar yang digunakan oleh kompositfiller fiber glass.
Keyword: bionanokomposit, filler, inokulasi, matriks, nanopartikel, rotan

Judul: A Continuous Vaccination Strategy in the SVIR Epidemic Model
Abstrak: Vaccination is conducted to minimize the spread of a disease. The vaccination is usually done several times within a fixed time interval. In the SVIR model, it is assumed that individuals do not get immediate immunity following a vaccination program. So according to process of vaccination on SVIR model, there are two strategies, i.e. the continuous vaccination strategy (CVS) and the pulse vaccination strategy (PVS). In this study, only the CVS strategy in epidemic model SVIR is considered. Results of the study indicate that dynamics of the CVS system depends on the basic reproductive number. If the basic reproductive number is less than one, then the disease-free fixed point is asymptotically stable. It means that the disease will eventually disappear from the population. Conversely, if the basic reproductive number is greater than one, then the endemic fixed point is asymptotically stable, which means that the disease will remain exist in the population. Simulation result shows that the vaccination would minimize the spread of disease by reducing the basic reproductive number. If the time for the vaccinated recipients to obtain the immunity, as well as a possibility of vaccinated recipients to be infected are neglected, then the disease will be eradicated. This condition is called an over-evaluating effect of vaccination.
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