Judul: long time dynamics of understorey bird community in Sipisang, West Sumatra
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menganalisis dinamika jangka panjang pada komunitas burung di Sipisang. Kegiatan lapangan dilakukan sejak bulan Mei 2002 sampai Oktober 2004. Secara keseluruhan penelitian dilakukan dengan menggunakan jaring kabut, yang dipasang bersambungan pada tiga lokasi denan masing-masingnya membentuk garis sepanjang 60 m. Jaring kabut dipasang pada ketinggian 20 cm dari permukaan tanah, dari pukul 06.00 sampai 18.00 WIB, dengan pemeriksaan dilakukan setiap dua jam.
Keyword: breeding season, juvenile recruitment, peak of molting

Judul: Diversity of Shorebirds in Wetland Habitat Types in Cimanuk Estuary Area, West Java.
Abstrak: Provinsi Jawa Barat merupakan salah satu kawasan yang terdaftar sebagai Daerah Penting bagi Burung (Important Bird Area/IBA) dengan nomor ID 086 (Rombang & Rudyanto 1999, Birdlife International 2011). Perubahan habitat dan perburuan oleh masyarakat sekitar kawasan telah menjadi ancaman akan kelestarian burung pantai. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu (1) Mengidentifikasi spesies burung pantai pada di KMC, (2) membandingkan keanekaragaman burung pantai pada tipe di KMC (3) mengidetifikasi spesies makrozoobentos di KMC, (4) Menjelaskan hubungan antara burung pantai dengan makrozoobentos, (5) menjelaskan perburuan burung pantai di sekitar KMC. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lima lokasi di sekitar kawasan Muara Cimanuk Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat, yaitu Pertambakan Rambatan Baru, Pertambakan Pangkalan, Pertambakan Cimanuk Lama, Persawahan Singakerta dan Pesisir Pantai Pabean. Pengambilan data dilakukan selama lima bulan pada 26 Oktober 2010-26 Maret 2011. Peralatan utama yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah binokuler Nikon Action 10 x 50 6,5o dan monokuler 20-60 x 60, buku panduan lapang burung Sumatera, Jawa, Bali dan Kalimantan (MacKinnon et al. 1998), GPS Garmin 60i, Nikon Coolpix L100. Objek yang diamati dibatasi hanya pada spesies burung dari ordo Charadriiformes tidak termasuk Stercorariidae dan Laridae. Pengambilan data mengenai burung pantai menggunakan metode jalur (line transect) dengan panjang tiap jalurnya 1.000 m dan lebar 30 m. Pada setiap lokasi dilakukan pengamatan sejauh 8.000 m, kecuali Pabean 2.000 m. Uji-t digunakan untuk mengetahui perbedaan keanekaragaman jenis burung antara habitat r pada tingkat kepercayaan 95%
Keyword: 

Judul: Efforts to Control and Prevent Pathogenic Infection of Multi-Drug Resistant Organism (MDRO) of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Clone Using Alcohol-Base Hand Rub.
Abstrak: The pandemic that is occurring caused both by COVID-19 (currently occurring) as well as the clone of the methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the previous period has really threatened human life. This condition requires materials that can break the chain of transmission from human to human and from the environment to human. An alcohol-based antiseptic (hand rub/hand sanitizer) often contains ethanol, isopropanol or n-propanol, or a combination of two of these types. Alcohol has an excellent germicidal activity in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative vegetative bacteria (including multidrug-resistant pathogens such as MRSA and VRE) as well as viruses. Hand rub/hand sanitizer products are declared good if they have formulation stability, no irritation effect when they are used and are able to kill pathogens more than 90%. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of alcohol-based hand rub with WHO-based-standard formulation based on the stability of the formulation, the risk of irritation and the ability to kill bacteria. Hand rub/hand sanitizer was made by modifying the levels of the WHO formula with a hygiene procedure for 500 ml/bottle with the composition: Ethanol 96%; H2O2 3%; Glycerol 98%; and Aqua Sterile ad 500ml. Assessment on the presence of rancidity, clarity, discoloration, final alcohol content and skin irritation risk was done to know the quality of product formulation. A bacterial Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was used to assess the percentage of bacterial killing power. The selected bacteria were bacteria commonly found in the hospital environment. The results of formulation stability from four variants of level modification showed that MD.4 has good stability compared to other formulation modifications. The results of the percentage kill test against MRSA showed that the percentage kill is 99.90% at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The selected manufacturer's product also showed the same percentage kill value at 1st, 2nd, and 5th minute. The results of percentage kill test showed that the effective value for each contact time is ≥ 90%. The SEM observations showed that MD.4 hand rub effect in the form of MRSA cell lysis. The LC50 test, it is known that MD.4 hand rub value is 620 ppm while softaman (control) is 114 ppm. In terms of irritation risk, twenty-three selected subjects were generally well tolerated in use.
Keyword: hand rub, hand sanitizer, ahmad Subhan, percentage kill bacteria, MRSA, WHO