Judul: Pemurnian surfaktan nonionik alkil poliglikosida (APG) berbasis tapioka dan dodekanol
Abstrak: Alkyl polyglycosides (APG) , a nonionic surfactant, has got some green labels such as Ecocert, EU Eco-flower and Green Seal as environmentally friendly surfactant. Sugar as APG's raw material, supplied the hydrophilic group, and fatty alcohol acted as hydrophobic group. Some undesirable compounds formed during the APG production had caused low quality. The research aimed to increase the quality and performance of APG, by controlling its process. The catalyst of p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) was added and investigated the effect of catalysis concentration (0,018-0,036 mole per mole of starch) to enhance the butanolysis of starch. Addition 0-10% of activated carbon and 0-0,3% of NaBH4 in APG pre-purification process; 2% (w/w) of H2O2 35% and 500 ppm of MgO in the bleaching process were examined to process high quality and high performance of APG. The results showed that 0.027 mole of PTSA per mole starch and process temperature of 140 OC could minimize the residual sugars after butanolysis. The best APG was obtained from purification step by addition 0% of activated carbon and 0,2% of NaBH4, with the characteristics of clarity of 59,02(%T); the ability to reduce surface and interfacial tensions at 1% concentration were 61,98% and 95,60% respectively; 81,71% of stability of emulsion, 62,5% of foam height and stable up to 315 minutes.
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Judul: Pengaruh Butanolisis terhadap Kinerja Surfaktan Alkil Poliglikosida (APG) dari Fatty Alcohol (C16) Sawit dan Glukosa Cair 85 Persen
Abstrak: Synthesis surfactant APG from palm fatty alcohol C16 and 85% liquid glucose can be done through a single-step process or two-steps le acetalization and butanolysis transasetalisation. Surfactant APG produced in the form powder, dark, and water soluble. Analysis IFT of APG produced by two-steps process of butanolysis was the best with value of 1,11 x 102 dyne/ cm. While the value of IFT at one-stage of process was 1,75 x 10¹ dyne/cm. HLB value of APG with the each repetition was 10. This meaned that the APG produced can be used as an emulsifier O/W, detergent, and solubilizer. APG surfactant has a fairly good stability agained the prolong heating. Filtration test analysis showed that the amount of impurities in each solution was little or ever none, as evidenced by the value of Fr (flow rate) of each solution on than smaller filtration of 1,2. Fr values on formation water and solution of APG was very good. The conclusion APG produced in this research through a two-stages process (butanolysis transasetalisation) was better than that through one step process (acetalization), with the ability to reduce the surface tension of 1,11 x 10² dyne/cm. Suitability performance of surfactants for EOR application was in conformed with the criteria expected.
Keyword: Alkil Poliglikosida (APG), Proses Sintesis Satu Tahap, Proses Sintesis Dua Tahap, Glukosa Cair

Judul: Beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi ruang dada kancil
Abstrak: Telah dilakukan penelitian dengan menggunakan 10 ekor kancil dewasa jantan dan betina dengan tujuan untuk menge- tahui beberapa aspek anatomi alat sirkulasi di dalam ruang dada, meliputi jantung, pembuluh darah yang keluar dan ma- suk jantung serta ukuran-ukuran jantung. Kancil merupakan ruminansia terkecil di dunia, hidup di daerah tropika India, Thailand, Malaysia dan Indonesia bagian barat. Hewan ini dilindungi dan mempunyai prospek yang baik untuk hewan penelitian maupun dibudidayakan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berat jantung rаta-rata adalah 0.69% dari berat rata-rata kancil. Dan ini mirip pada jantung kuda dan anjing. Bentuk jantung lonjong seperti halnya ruminansia. Demikian pula letaknya di dalam ruang dada seperti pada ruminansia dengan adanya Ligamentum sternopericardiacum. Di dalam ventrikel kanan membersit sebuah Musculus (M.) papillaris dari dindingnya dan tiga sampai empat Musculi (Mm.) papillares dari Septum interventriculare. Hanya dua buah Mm. papillares yang berukuran besar dibersitkan dari dinding ventrikel kiri. Percabangan Arteri (A.) coronaria sinistra lebih dominan dari pada A. coronaria dextra. Sedangkan A. sub clavia sinistra dicabangkan langsung dari aorta di dorso- caudal pembersitan Truncus (Tr.) brachiocephalicus…
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