Judul: Literature Study of Soft Scale Insects Species (Hemiptera: Coccidae) and Armored Scale Insects Species (Hemiptera: Diaspididae) and Its Host Plants in Indonesia
Abstrak: Penelitian lapangan mengenai spesies serangga Famili Coccidae dan Diaspididae telah banyak dilakukan di Indonesia. Namun, penelitian studi literatur yang menghimpun seluruh spesies serangga Famili Coccidae dan Diaspididae yang pernah dilaporkan di Indonesia dan tumbuhan inangnya hingga saat ini belum tersedia. Penelitian bertujuan memberikan checklist terbaru serangga Famili Coccidae dan Diaspididae yang dilaporkan di Indonesia. Studi literatur ini diharapkan dapat memberikan informasi tentang spesies-spesies serangga Famili Coccidae dan Diaspididae, tumbuhan inang, dan distribusinya di Indonesia. Informasi tersebut harapannya dapat berguna sebagai evaluasi dan perkiraan arah penelitian mengenai serangga Famili Coccidae dan Diaspididae di masa yang akan datang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah coccid di Indonesia mencapai 66 spesies dari 4 subfamili, 8 tribe, dan 22 genus. Sementara itu, jumlah diaspid di Indonesia mencapai 119 spesies dari 2 subfamili, 6 tribe, dan 47 genus. Distribusi coccid dan diaspid paling banyak ditemukan di Pulau Jawa, yaitu sebanyak 29 spesies dan 67 spesies. Tumbuhan inang serangga coccid terdiri dari 69 spesies dari 31 famili sedangkan tumbuhan inang serangga diaspid terdiri dari 45 spesies dari 120 famili yang menjadi inangnya di Indonesia. Selain itu, coccid dan diaspid di Indonesia diketahui memiliki kisaran inang yang polifag. Hal ini menandakan bahwa coccid dan diaspid merupakan serangga hama yang harus diwaspadai keberadaannya di Indonesia, karena sangat berpotensi menyebabkan kerusakan yang cukup signifikan., Field research on insect species of the Coccidae and Diaspididae families has been widely conducted in Indonesia. However, literature studies that compile all species of insect families Coccidae and Diaspididae that have been reported in Indonesia and their host plants are not yet available. The study aims to provide an updated checklist of insect families Coccidae and Diaspididae reported in Indonesia. This literature study is expected to provide information on insect species of the Coccidae and Diaspididae families, host plants, and their distribution in Indonesia. The information is expected to be useful for evaluating and estimating the direction of research on insect families Coccidae and Diaspididae in the future. The results showed that the number of coccids in Indonesia reached 66 species from 4 subfamilies, 8 tribes, and 22 genera. Meanwhile, the number of diaspids in Indonesia reached 119 species from 2 subfamilies, 6 tribes, and 47 genera. The distribution of coccids and diaspids is mostly found in Java Island, with 29 species and 67 species, respectively. Host plants of coccid insects consist of 69 species from 31 families while host plants of diaspid insects consist of 45 species from 120 families in Indonesia. In addition, coccids and diaspids in Indonesia are known to have a polyphagous host range. This indicates that coccids and diaspids are insect pests that must be watched out for in Indonesia, as they have the potential to cause considerable damage.
Keyword: distribution, soft scale insects, armored scale insects, host plants

Judul: Species, Distribution, And Host Plants Of Scale Insects, Family Monophlebids (Hemiptera) In Indonesia
Abstrak: Kutu sisik termasuk dalam Superfamili Coccoidea, Ordo Hemiptera, termasuk Famili Monophlebidae. Penelitian tentang berbagai aspek kutu sisik di Indonesia relatif sedikit, meskipun sebagian menjadi hama penting pertanian. Genus Icerya merupakan salah satu kutu sisik yang banyak dikenal sebagai hama pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengumpulkan informasi terkini mengenai spesies, persebaran, dan tanaman inang serangga Famili Monophlebidae yang telah dilaporkan di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan ‘review’ dengan menggunakan data sekunder melalui tahapan pengumpulan data, analisis informasi yang diperoleh, penfasiran hasil, dan pembahasan serta kesimpulan. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh, terdapat 26 spesies serangga kutu sisik Famili Monophlebidae di Indonesia. Spesies kutu sisik yang paling beragam dalam famili ini dilaporkan dari Pulau Jawa, yaitu sebanyak 15 spesies, diikuti Papua delapan spesies, Sumatra tujuh spesies, Sulawesi lima spesies, Kalimantan tiga spesies, serta Bali dan Nusa Tenggara Timur masing-masing satu spesies. Icerya purchasi merupakan salah satu spesies kutu sisik Famili Monophlebidae terpenting karena bersifat sangat polifag dan sebaran di Indonesia sangat luas dibanding spesies lainnya. Terdapat tiga spesies endemik dari wilayah Papuayaitu Etropera papuensis, Monophlebulus enarotalicus, dan M. gressitti. Meskipun kutu sisik Famili Monophlebidae penting dalam pertanian, namun keanekaragaman dan tanaman inang di Indonesia masih kurang dieksplorasi., Scale insects belong to the Superfamily Coccoidea, Order Hemiptera, and Family Monophlebidae. Despite the importance of some species as agricultural pests, research on various aspects of scale insects in Indonesia is relatively scarce. The genus Icerya is among the well-known agricultural pests within scale insects. This study aims to gather current information regarding the species, distribution, and host plants of insects in the Family Monophlebidae reported in Indonesia. This review utilizes secondary data through stages of data collection, analysis, interpretation of results, discussion, and conclusions. Based on the data obtained, there are 26 species of scale insects in the Family Monophlebidae reported in Indonesia. The most diverse species of scale insects in this family are found on the island of Java, with 15 species, followed by Papua with eight species, Sumatra with seven species, Sulawesi with five species, Kalimantan with three species, and Bali and East Nusa Tenggara each with one species. Icerya purchasi is one of the most important species of scale insects in the Family Monophlebidae due to its highly polyphagous nature and wide distribution in Indonesia compared to other species. There are three endemic species from the Papua region: Etropera papuensis, Monophlebulus enarotalicus, and M. gressitti. Although scale insects in the Family Monophlebidae are important in agriculture, their diversity and host plants in Indonesia remain underexplored.
Keyword: Pertanian, Agriculture, Coccoidea, hama tanaman, spesies endemik, endemic species, insect pests, Monophlebidae, Icerya

Judul: Adsorpsi–fotodegradasi Biru Metilena oleh Nanokomposit Kaolin/TiO2 yang Diemban dengan ZnO
Abstrak: Synthetic dye waste such as methylene blue pollutes aquatic evironment. Kaolin/TiO2 nanocomposite was made for adsorption–photodegradation process under UV light. The nanocomposite was prepared by paste and ball milling methods. Semiconductor ZnO was used as dopant to ease photodegradation in visible-light range. X-ray diffraction results showed that kaolin/TiO2 and kaolin/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites were successfully made. However, ZnO doping decreased crystallinity of the nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy results showed that the surface morphology of the nanocomposite made by using paste method and that of doped nanocomposite made by using ball milling method were different. ZnO doping increased the adsorption capacity of the nanocomposite. Photodegradation results showed that ZnO doping improved the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites under UV and visible irradiation. However, the photocatalytic activity of the nanocomposites was relatively better under UV irradiation than that under the visible irradiation.
Keyword: photodegradation, kaolin/TiO2/ZnO nanocomposites, kaolin, adsorption capacity