Judul: Penjernihan Sari Buah pisang (Musa paradisiaca) dengan menggunakan Enzim Pektinase (Pektin Metil Esterase)
Abstrak: Potensi pisang d i Indonesia nerupakan yang terbesar sepanjang tahun dibandingkan dengan buah-buahan yang lain . Sekitar 10 persen dari produksi pisang d i Indonesia terbuang sia-sia karena terserang hama penyakit dan tidak adanya tindaken pengawetan serta kurangnya sarana transportasi . Untuk mengatasi ha1 tersebut di atas buah pisang dapat d i - olah menjadi keripik , pisang sale, tepung dan anggur. Al - ternatif lain adalah pegolahan buah pisang menjadi sari buah pisang .
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Judul: Pengaruh penggunaan enzim pektinase terhadap mutu sari buah pisang ambon kuning
Abstrak: Sari buah adalah cairan yang diperoleh dari perasan buah yang disaring atau tidak, tidak mengalami fermentasi, dan dimaksudkan untuk minuman segar. Mutu sari buah dipengaruhi oleh jenis dan kematangan buah, metode pembuatan, dan bahan tambahan yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mempelajari pengaruh penggunaan enzim pektinase terhadap mutu sari buah pisang dan penentuan jumlah enzim pektinase yang optimum untuk menghasilkan sari buah yang baik. Jenis pisang yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pisang ambon kuning, sedangkan enzim pektinase yang digunakan berupa enzim komersial "Ultrazym 100 G". Analisa mutu sari buah yang dilakukan yaitu rendemen, kejernihan, derajat keasaman (pH), total asam tertitrasi, total padatan terlarut, total gula, kestabilan, dan uji organoleptik yang meliputi uji penampakan, rasa, dan aroma. Sari buah yang dihasilkan dari penelitian ini merupakan produk setengah jadi, pada proses selanjutnya dapat dijadikan minuman ringan. Penggunaan enzim pektinase diperoleh sari buah yang jernih, sedangkan tanpa penggunaan enzim pektinase diperoleh sari buah yang keruh. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan enzim pektinase akan meningkatkan rendemen, kejernihan, total gula, dan kestabilan sari buah pisang. Total asam terti- trasi, derajat keasaman (pH), dan total padatan terlarut cenderung menurun dengan penggunaan enzim pektinase. Uji organoleptik memperlihatkan bahwa penampakan dan aroma sari buah pisang lebih disukai dengan adanya penambahan enzim pektinase, sedangkan rasa sari buah pisang tidak dipengaruhi dengan adanya enzim pektinase. Dari hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa mutu sari buah pisang ambon kuning yang terbaik dihasilkan dengan penambahan enzim pektinase sebanyak 150 ppm.
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Judul: The Effects of Variance of Interest rate to Variance of Annuity Future Values
Abstrak: Time value of money is a concept that refers to the difference of the value of money due to time difference. The value of money for present time would not be the same as the value of money in the future. The value of money for present time is called as Present Value (PV) of the money and the value of money for future time is called Future Value (FV) of the money. Determination the value of money, for present and future time, depends on the time and rate of return. The value of money is determined by several factors such as inflation, fluctuation of interest rates, and government policy in securities and taxation. Due to fluctuation of the value of money we need a FV formulation, it is useful for knowing whether an investment can be profitable or not, and this information is useful also in budget analysis. Annuity is defined as a series of payments made for a specific period. The payment, fixed or varied, can be made at the beginning or at the end of the period. Annuity paid at the beginning of the period is called annuity-due and annuity paid at the end of the period is called immediate annuity-certain. The accumulated value of the annuity after few years later is called as a final value or a future value. Burnecki et al. (2003) have discussed about the FV of a fixed-rate annuity in which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series. They have also examined FV for annuities in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest. This paper examines FV for annuity-due in which payments are made according to arithmetic or geometric series with interest rates as a random variable, which is normal distribution ,  . Future value formula is expressed in recursive form. FV for annuity-due which payments are made according to the arithmetic or geometric series with random rates of interest is calculated by theoretical way and simulation way. The random rates of interest is denoted as k k i  i  , where k i an independent random variable; i is a constant and k  is a random variable which has normal distribution ,  . By using the determined parameters, a sequence of random rates of interest are generated for theoretical calculation. Meanwhile for the simulation, the random rates of interest is generated 1000 times for the simulation. The generated data give mean value, variance, and standard deviation. Moreover, error of mean value, variance, and standard deviation from the theoretical and simulation results are calculated. Error calculation uses Symmetric Mean Absolute Percentage Error (SMAPE). The smaller the value of SMAPE is the more accurate the simulation. The interest rate variances are varied from 0.000036 to 0.0001 to study the relationship between variance of rates of interest and variance of future value. The theoretical and simulation results show that when the variance of random rates of interest increases, then the variance of FV increases linearly. FV of the annuity-due in
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