Judul: Analisis Modal Sosial dan Partisipasi Masyarakat dalam Program Pengembangan Masyarakat
Abstrak: Approach to development and community development in Indonesia has been widely pursued through a variety of sectoral and regional development activities. However, various activities were still considered to be less effective and partially implemented and unsustainable, so established community development program where the community is the main actor of the program, the strategy used aimed to increase community participation in efforts to create a sustainable program for the welfare of the community. Social capital as an important aspect to the success and sustainability of a community development program. Among the urgency is over the role of social capital in community participation. In rural areas, social capital is believed to be more tightly woke up (high) associated with the culture of rural communities. This social capital is likely to be more noticeable when in the countryside there is a community development program that is able to accommodate the aspirations and needs of the community. This study was conducted to see the effect of social capital on community participation in community development programs in Kampung Cangkurawok, Babakan village.
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Judul: Kajian Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi Dan Modal Sosial Pada Berbagai Tingkat Partisipasi Peserta Program Pos Pemberdayaan Keluarga
Abstrak: The purpose of this study are analyze the influence of socio-economic conditions and social capital on the level of progra’s participation. The correlation level between of program’s participation are access to welfare benefits and economic benefits of the Posdaya Integrated Self. The research was conducted in the village of Cikarawang, District Dramaga. This study uses quantitative and qualitative approaches. The results showed that the socioeconomic conditions and social capital owned by the participants related to the level of program participation program, and the level of participation in the program achieved the degree of participation of tokenism Arnstein. Correlation test results demonstrate, there is a significant and strong correlation between socioeconomic conditions and social capital on the level of program participation. Other results show that the participation rate also has a significant and strong correlation with access to welfare benefits and economic benefits received by program participants.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable