Judul: Identifikasi Keragaman Gen Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR|AluI) pada Spesies Sapi Bos javanicus, Bos taurus, dan Bos indicus dengan Metode PCR-RFLP.
Abstrak: Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor (FSHR) gene is a very important in reproduction trait. FSHR is required by Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) to carry out on target tissues. The purpose of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Follicle Stimulating Hormone Receptor gene in Bos javanicus, Bos taurus, and Bos indicus Cattle. Blood samples used 207 samples consisting of Bos javanicus (Bali Cattle) 59 heads, Bos taurus 137 heads (Limousin 57 heads, Simmental 50 heads, Angus 6 heads, and Holstein Friesian (FH) 24 heads), and Bos indicus 11 heads (Brahman 9 heads and Ongole 2 heads). The polymorphism site analysis from digestion with AluI restriction enzyme allowed the genotype identification. AluI restriction enzyme cut the base position at AG|CT in 193 and 243 bp. Genotyping FSHR gene produced two alleles, namely C and G alleles. These allele produced three genotypes respectively, there are CC (243 and 63 bp), GG (193, 63, and 50 bp), and CG (243, 193, 63, and 50 bp). The highest G allele frequency was found in Bos javanicus (Bali cattle), but the lowest in Bos taurus. The highest C allele frecuency was found in Bos taurus. The value of heterozigosity was the highest in Bos indicus and the lowest in Bos javanicus. The result of this study showed that the allele of FSHR gene in Bos taurus and Bos indicus were polymorphic, while in Bos javanicus was monomorphic.
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Judul: Identifikasi keragaman Gen Growth Hormone Receptor (GHR AluI) pada Sapi Friesian Holstein di BIB Lembang, BBIB Singosari, dan BET Cipelang.
Abstrak: Growth hormone receptor (GHR) is one factor affecting animal growth. GHR is required by growth hormone (GH) to carry out its effect on target tissues. The objective of this study was to identify polymorphism of the Growth Hormone Receptor gene in Holstein Friesian (HF) dairy cattle and beef cattle. Genotyping was performed on 126 animals. These consisted of HF 89 heads from BIB Lembang (17), BBIB Singosari (32), and BET Cipelang (40); as well as for 37 heads of four breeds of beef cattle including for Simmental (13), Limousin (14), Brahman (5), and Angus (5) for a comparison. Varian genetic of the GHR gene was identified by PCR-RFLP method using AluI restriction enzyme cutting the base position at AG|CT. Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) had been found in exon 10, coding for the cytoplasmic domain of GHR, which was located at position 81 bp (A/G) induced amino acid substitutions Ser/Gly. The product of amplification of GHR was 298 bp. Genotyping the GHR gene produced two alleles (A and G) resulting three genotypes (AA, AG and GG). The genotype AA was dominant in HF cattle from all locations, and also in Brahman and Limousin cattle from BET Cipelang. All of HF dairy cattle were in Hardy-Weinberg disequilibrium (χhit 2>χ0,05 2), in contrast, Simmental and Limousin were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The Hardy-Weinberg in Brahman and Angus values could not be calculated. Heterozigosity values in HF and beef cattle were low (ho<he). In beef cattle, Angus had highest heterozigosity value (0,600), while Brahman had the lowest heterozigosity value (0.000). The conclusion was that the variability of GHR|AluI gene can be used as a basic information for selection in growth caracteristic in the HF and beef cattle. Keywords: Beef cattle, Genetic polymorphism, GHR|AluI gene,
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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