Judul: Peran Azotobacter-like dan Azospirillum-like untuk Mengurangi Dosis Pupuk Nitrogen Anorganik pada Padi Sawah
Abstrak: Increasing rice productivity must be achieved continously to meet government and national target production. One of efforts to increase rice productivity is by N fertilization. Nitrogen availability in the soil is one of limiting factors to support rice growing and productivity. Nitrogen-fixing bacteria have ability to utilize atmosphere nitrogen become available in the soil. The use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria could be potential to reduce application of nitrogen fertilizer. The aims of the research were (1) to evaluate the ability of some nitrogen-fixing bacteria isolated from lowland rice and bio-fertilizers to fix atmosphere nitrogen, (2) to determine the effect of nitrogen-fixing bacteria in reducing inorganic N fertilizer on lowland rice. The research consisted of two experiments. The first experiment was a laboratory experiment, to isolate and select isolates that having a high capability to fix nitrogen. The research was conducted in September 2011-March 2012, at the Soil Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, IPB. Source of isolates were commercial bio-fertilizers (three types of liquid and one type of solid), and soil from lowland rice field at Sawah Baru Experimental Station. Medium used for growing of microbia i.e. nitrogen free mannitol (NFM), nitrogen free bromthymol blue (NFB), and nutrient agar (NA). Based on the results, two isolates have been selected (one Azotobacter-like bacteria and one Azospirillum-like bacteria, i.e At523 and Ap533, both have the highest solubility of ammonium, not antagonistic, and the ability to grow faster) and used for field experiment. The second experiment was a field experiment, to test the effect of nitrogen-fixing bacteria on lowland rice. The research was conducted in April-August 2012 at the plastic house of Babakan Sawah Baru Experimental Station, IPB. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with two factors, namely nitrogen fertilizer and type of bacteria. The rates of N fertilizer (urea) factor, i.e. 0, 50, 75 and 100 kg N ha-1. The types of bacteria factor, i.e. without bacteria, Azotobacter-like, Azospirillum-like, and consortium. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) with standard error 5%. The results of the laboratorium experiment showed that all isolates of bacteria performed no significant differences on N fixing capability. Field research showed that consortium of Azotobacter-like and Azospirillum-like applied with 75% of inorganic N fertilizer from recommended dosage the highest agronomic effectiveness (117.01%) and yield increase up to 8.59%. According to this result, application of consortium bacteria could reduce 25% recommended dosage of N inorganic fertilizer.
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Judul: Increased Rice Yield (Oryza sativa L.) with Application of Organic Fertilizer Enriched with Microbes
Abstrak: Produktivitas padi Indonesia beberapa tahun terakhir mengalami penurunan. Pemupukan yang sesuai dengan kondisi tanah dan kebutuhan tanaman mampu meningkatkan produksi tanaman. Aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya dapat meningkatkan kesuburan tanah. Mikroba yang hidup di perakaran tanaman atau PGPR dalam pupuk dapat meningkatkan ketersediaan hara dalam tanah dan mensintesis hormon pertumbuhan tanaman melalui aktivitas biologisnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya terhadap peningkatan hasil padi sawah dan pengurangan dosis pupuk anorganik. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan kelompok lengkap teracak satu faktor yaitu dosis pupuk dengan 4 ulangan. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Pendidikan Sawah Baru IPB. Analisis tanah dan analisis kandungan pupuk dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kimia dan Kesuburan Tanah, Departemen Ilmu Tanah dan Sumber Daya Lahan, Laboratorium Pengujian Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, serta Laboratorium Tanah, Tanaman, Pupuk, Air, Balai Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian. Pelaksanaan penelitian dimulai pada November 2020 hingga April 2021. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil, dan komponen hasil padi sawah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya secara umum tidak meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil per tanaman maupun hasil per hektar padi sawah. Aplikasi pupuk organik diperkaya dapat mengurangi 25% penggunaan pupuk anorganik dengan nilai efektivitas agronomi relatif sebesar 108,8%., Rice productivity in Indonesia has decreased in recent years. Fertilization that is suitable for soil conditions and plant needs can increase crop yield. The application of bioorganic fertilizer would be able to increase soil fertility. Microbes that live in plant roots could increase the availability of nutrients in the soil and synthesize plant growth hormones through their biological activities. The research aims to study the effect of the application of organic fertilizer enriched with microbes on increasing growth, yield, and yield components of lowland rice and the reduction of the dose of inorganic fertilizer. The experimental design used was a randomized complete group design with one factor, namely the dose of fertilizer with 4 replications. The research was carried out at the Sawah Baru Teaching Farm, IPB. Soil analysis and analysis of fertilizer content were carried out at the Laboratory of Chemistry and Soil Fertility, Department of Soil Science and Land Resources, Testing Laboratory of the Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, and the Laboratory of Soil, Plants, Fertilizer, Water, Agricultural Research and Development Center. The experiment was conducted from November 2020 until April 2021. The observations made were observations of vegetative and generative characters, as well as yields. Results shows, the application of enriched organic fertilizers did not increase growth and yield per plant or yield per hectare of lowland rice. Application of enriched organic fertilizers, however, could reduce 25% of inorganic fertilizers usage with a relative agronomic effectiveness value of 108.8%.
Keyword: effectiveness, organic fertilizer, PGPR, rice, yield

Judul: Penentuan Nilai Eigen dan Vektor Eigen dari Matriks Tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz dengan Pendekatan Polinomial Chebyshev
Abstrak: The eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a matrix can be determined by finding its characteristic polynomials. The characteristic polynomials of a tridiagonal 2-Toeplitz matrix is shown to be closely connected to polynomials which satisfy the Chebyshev recurrence relationship. If the order of the matrix is odd, then the eigenvalues are found explicitly in terms of the Chebyshev zeros and the eigenvectors are found in terms of the polynomials satisfying the recurrence relationship. For even ordered matrices, the situation is more complicated. The problem in these cases is that although the Chebyshev recurrence formula is still applied, its initial values are not generating Chebyshev polynomials
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