Judul: Estimation of Economic Losses Value from Gas Station Leakage on Water Pollution in Bogor Regency (Case Study: Pengasinan Village, Gunung Sindur District, Bogor Regency, West Java)
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan jumlah SPBU yang tidak dipertimbangkan dengan seksama konteks kebijakan lingkungannya dapat menimbulkan eksternalitas negatif. Kebocoran bahan bakar minyak (BBM) dari SPBU yang terjadi di Desa Pengasinan, Kp. Nagrok, Gunung Sindur, Kab. Bogor menyebabkan masyarakat merasakan eksternalitas negatif baik dalam bidang sosial, lingkungan, dan ekonomi. Berdasarkan hal tersebut tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu (1) menganalisis persepsi masyarakat tentang kualitas air saat ini di Desa Pengasinan, (2) mengidentifikasi eksternalitas negatif yang dirasakan masyarakat akibat pencemaran air di Desa Pengasinan, (3) mengestimasi besarnya kerugian ekonomi yang ditanggung masyarakat akibat pencemaran air di Desa Pengasinan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah skala likert, analisis deskriptif, cost of illness, dan replacement cost. Penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan sebagai berikut mayoritas masyarakat di Desa Pengasinan beranggapan “sangat setuju” bahwa kualitas air menurun dan sudah tercemar. Masyarkat di Desa Pengasinan beranggapan bahwa kualitas air mereka menurun, terjadinya peningkatan biaya pengeluaran untuk mendapatkan air bersih, terjadinya penurunan tingkat kesehatan, dan kenyamanan mereka terganggu. Estimasi kerugian ekonomi masyarakat menghasilkan nominal sebesar Rp 299.917.188/tahun., An increase in the number of gas stations that does not carefully consider in its environmental policy may lead to negative externalities. The fuel oil leak from a gas station that occurred in Pengasinan Village, Gunung Sindur, Bogor Regency caused the public to experience the negative externalities in the social, environmental, and economic. Based on this case, the aim of this research is to (1) to analyse local people’s perception on the quality of clean water at Pengasinan Village, (2) to identify the negative externalities caused by the water pollution at Pengasinan Village that perceived by the local people, (3) to estimate the economic costs due tue the water pollution at Pengasinan Village. The methods that used in this research are skala likert, descriptive analyse, cost of illness, and replacement cost. The conclusion of those three points in this research are, that most of Pengasinan villagers “agreed” that there is decreasing of clean water in their villages. Pengasinan villagers assume that there is water pollution, that impacts their increase expenses, decreasing health issues, and their welfare being disrupted. The estimated of economic losses cost Rp 299.917.188/year in total.
Keyword: cost of illness, persepsi masyarakat, replacement cost, Skala likert, eksternalitas negatif

Judul: . Value Estimasiton of Public Loss Caused by Batik Pollution in Pekalongan City. (Case Study: Medono Village, Pekalongan Barat District, Pekalongan City).
Abstrak: Subsektor usaha batik telah berkembang pesat di Indonesia, salah satu sentra produksinya di Kota Pekalongan. Namun, peningkatan subsektor usaha ini tidak disertai kesadaran akan pentingnya menjaga lingkungan sehingga menimbulkan eksternalitas negatif bagi masyarakat akibat tercemarnya sungai oleh limbah batik. Penelitian ini mempunyai empat tujuan. Pertama, mengestimasi nilai kerugian ekonomi yang dialami masyarakat dengan metode cost of illness dan replacement cost. Kedua, identifikasi faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi besaran kerugian ekonomi masyarakat dengan metode analisis regresi linier berganda. Ketiga, estimasi nilai kesediaan menerima kompensasi masyarakat akibat pencemaran dengan metode contingent valuation method (CVM) dan terakhir adalah untuk mengetahui strategi pengelolaan limbah batik terbaik di Kelurahan Medono dengan menggunakan metode analytical hierarchy process (AHP). Hasil yang diperoleh dari penelitian ini yaitu: 1) Total nilai kerugian ekonomi yang harus ditanggung oleh masyarakat Kelurahan Medono sebesar Rp.589 308 362 per tahun; 2) Faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh nyata pada pada besarnya nilai kerugian ekonomi yaitu pendapatan, lama tinggal, usia dan dummy tercemarnya sumur; 3) Nilai dugaan WTA populasi yaitu sebesar Rp.605 622 912 per tahun; 4) Level kriteria, perbaikan kualitas air menjadi prioritas utama dengan nilai 0.499. Sementara pada level alternatif, pembuatan IPAL komunal menjadi prioritas program dengan nilai 0.299.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Institut Pertanian Bogor, IPB, Analytical hierarchy process, Batik, Economic losses, Eksternalitas, Willingness to accept, Pollutan, Priority prgram, Dummy contamination

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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