Judul: Analisa Tataniaga Kelapa Sawit di Desa Tanjung Jaya Kecamatan Bangun Rejo Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Provinsi Lampung
Abstrak: Tanjung Jaya village is one of potential area in bangun rejo subdistrict, Lampung Tengah regency, which produces palm on Lampung Province. The location is easily reached and closed by two cultivate factories, PT. Kalirejo Lestari and PTPN VII Bekri. For marketing their crops, the farmers helped by the gatherer and supplier. The purposes of this research are to analyze the palm oil marketing channel which is formed at Tanjung Jaya village, to analyze the marketing function which occured on the palm oil marketing system at Tanjung 2 Jaya village, and to analyze the efficiency of farmer's marketing system on palm oil marketing at Tanjung Jaya village. The data is made and analyzed by quantitative and qualitative methods to know the efficiency of palm oil marketing. The Qualitative analysis of palm oil marketing's efficiency includes the institution and marketing channel and marketing function. This Qualitative analysis of palm oil marketing's efficiency describes the marketing channel, marketing function, and also the problems occured. The qualitative analysis describes of marketing margin, farmer's share, and the profit ratio toward cost. The result shows that there are two systems of oil palm marketing channel. The first system is the channel which goes through the supplier, and the second oil palm channel system is the channel which goes through is. Based on these marketing system analysis, the conclusions this research sugest marketing channel through supplier is more efficient. This marketing channel should be used by the farmers at Tanjung Jaya village. Which can be applied by the farmers are increasing the quality of TBS (fresh fruit bunch), partnering the suppliers, collective sellers, and cultivate factories (processing unit), keeping the quality of TBS (fresh fruit bunch), and also following the latest information of TBS (fresh fruit bunch) and its market development
Keyword: palm oil, system, marketing, efficiency, efficiency, marketing, system, palm oil

Judul: Sistem tataniaga tandan buah segar di Kecamatan Wampu Kabupaten Langkat, Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Kelapa sawit merupakan salah satu komoditas perkebunan yang dijadikan sebagai komoditas unggulan di Kecamatan Wampu, Kabupaten Langkat, Provinsi Sumatera Utara. Terdapat perbedaan yang cukup besar pada harga yang ditawarkan di tingkat petani dengan harga yang ditawarkan di tingkat konsumen. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi saluran tataniaga dan efisiensi saluran tataniaga tandan buah segar (TBS) kelapa sawit yang terbentuk. Penentuan responden petani dilakukan secara purposive sampling sebanyak 30 orang dan responden lembaga tataniaga menggunakan metode snowball sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat tiga saluran tataniaga TBS kelapa sawit yang terbentuk. Secara umum, sistem tataniaga TBS yang terbentuk tersebut belum efisien. Saluran yang paling banyak digunakan oleh petani adalah saluran I (petani-agen kecil-Agen besar-pabrik kelapa sawit) yang memiliki nilai marjin yang tinggi serta farmer’s share yang rendah.
Keyword: Oil Palm Fresh Fruit Bunch, Marketing Channel, Marketing Efficiency

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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