Judul: Sistematika pisang-pisang liar (Musa L.) di Sulawesi: kajian morfologi dan molekuler
Abstrak: Information of wild banana species in Sulawesi was lack since there were no systematic study have been done before. Therefore, the systematic study of wild banana species (Musa L.) in Sulawesi was carried out. The study consist of (a) species delimitation of wild banana species (Musa L.) in Sulawesi to provide information of diversity and distribution of wild banana species in Sulawesi, and to provide species description and an identification key; (b) phylogenetic studies based on morphological characters and on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions of nrDNA sequences to determine the phylogenetic relationship between the species. A total of 110 specimen consisted of old and new collections deposited in BO and digital type specimen from MEL were examined morphologically. Phylogenetic tree used fifty three morphological characters was performed by Maximum Parsimony (MP) method using PAUP*4.0b10. While phylogenetic tree reconstruction based on ITS regions sequences used MP and Bayesian (MrBayes ver. 3.0) methods. Ensete and Musella were selected as the outgroup, whereas the ingroup represented by Musa species obtained from species delimitation study. Total DNA was extracted from silica-gel dried leaves by the modified CTAB method. ITS-5 and ITS-4 primers were used to amplify the ITS regions. Data of sequences were edited by using ChromasPro programme and were aligned by Muscle software. Species delimitation based on morphological characters showed 6 Musa and 1 incompletely known specimen housed in Sulawesi. There were 2 species (Musa acuminata var. tomentosa and M. celebica) considered as endemic to Sulawesi. The existence of M. balbisiana and M. itinerans are noted as new records. In Sulawesi, M. balbisiana represented by a specimen collected from Manado (North Sulawesi), while M. itinerans represented by specimens collected from Mt. Nokilalaki (Central Sulawesi), and Lore Lindu National Park (Central Sulawesi). Observation on the morphology of each species in this study enables the selection of important characters for species delimitation and identification. Position of suckers, petiole canal leaf, bract imbrications, bract behavior before falling, bract colour, fruit shape, and seed surface are important characters for delimiting and identifying taxa of wild banana species (Musa) in Sulawesi. Phylogenetic tree used morphological characters showed M. balbisiana and M. textilis placed in clade I in which they shared some similar characters for instance bract imbrication and behavior before falling. While Musa acuminata ssp. banksii, M. acuminata var. tomentosa, M. celebica, and M. itinerans were placed in clade II. The phylogenetic study based on morphological characters is incongruent with the phylogenenetic study based on ITS regions of nrDNA sequences. Phylogenetic tree used ITS regions of nrDNA sequences using MP and Bayesian methods showed M. textilis was placed in clade I and separated from M. balbisiana, M. itinerans, M. celebica, M. acuminata ssp. banksii, and M. acuminata var. tomentosa. Nevertheless, M. textilis and M. balbisiana have closed relationship. By using MP analysis, M. itinerans together with M. acuminata ssp. banksii, M. acuminata var. tomentosa and M. celebica were placed in the same clade, whereas Bayesian analysis showed M. itinerans was separated from M. acuminata ssp. banksii, M. acuminata var. tomentosa as well as M. celebica, and was placed in
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Judul: The study of genetic diversity and relationship on Musa spp. by mean random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)
Abstrak: Banana (Musa spp.) is belonging to the family Musaceae, a genus Musa. The cultivated bananas are developed from natural hybridization of two wild species of bananas, Musa acuminata Cola. (A) and Musa balbisiana Cola. (B). Banana is originated from South East Asia include indonesia. The biggest gemplasm collection in indonesia is belong to agricultural section of Yogyakarta province, that comprise 379 accesion of banana. In this study 17 accesions of Musa spp. obtained from the Jogyakarta collection, was subjected for there genetic variability base on morphological performance and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. Base on six morphological analyses it was revealed that the genotypes separated into dendogram of 36.63% level of similarity. At 60.09% level of similarity the accesion separated into five main groups. Difficulties on DNA extraction of the banana was observed in this study to overcame the problem secondary products, all of sample preparation treatment was conducted. The results showed that sample taken without aluminum wrapping, stored at extraction buffer without mercaptoethanol, and finally extracted with 65°C preheated buffer extract was successfully use to extract DNA at level at sufficient for RAPD analysis. RAPD analysis was successfully amplified a total 26 fragments (100%) polymorphic from these DNA genom by using eight primer. The number of fragments of each primer ranged from 1-9 on average was 3.25 fragments per primer. Subsequently, a dendogram based on UPGMA-link method using Nei and Li similarity and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) plot analysis revealed that the genotypes separate at 27% level of similarity, and when separated at 75% level of similarity the genotypes were clustered into three groups. This study also revealed, that RAPD analysis was able to elucidate genetic variety at higher level than morphological characteristic, confirm the potential of RAPD analysis as a tool for genetic variability analysis.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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