Judul: Analisis kandungan klorofil dan laju fotosintesis tebu transgenik PS-IPB 1 yang di tanam di kebun percobaan PG Djatiroro, Jawa Timur
Abstrak: Sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum Linn.) is an important industrial plant for sugar production. The productivity of this plant could be increased by introducing phytase gen. Such transgenic sugarcane that had been produced by Santosa et al. (2004), is expected to increase the efficiency of P fertilization. The objectives of this research were (1) to select best growth performance of transgenic sugar cane clones treated with P fertilization, (2) to measure of chlorophyll content and Leaf Area Index (LAI) of the selected transgenic sugar cane. Plantation of the transgenic sugar cane was conducted at the experimental station of PG Djatiroto, PTPN XI, East Java. Plantation was treated with two levels of P fertilization , i.e. 25% and 50% of optimum P fertlization (P2O5 = 92,29 ppm). Growth performance parameters of the plant that were measured including leave sizes, number of space between joints, number or stalk, stalk height, and stalk diameter. Samples of leaves for analysis of chlorophyll and LAI were collected at 3 and 6 months after plantation. The result show that not all of sugar cane transgenic clones (PS-IPB 1) has chlorophyll higher than its isogenic (PS-851). At 3 months old the clones contained chlorophyll-a higher than the isogenic are 6 clones in the test field I, and 1 clone in the test field II; while that for chlorophyll-b are 9 clones in the test field I, and 3 clones in the test field II. At 6 months old the clones contained chlorophyll-a higher than the isogenic are 10 clones the test field I, and 5 clones in the test field II; while that for chlorophyll-b are 9 clones in the test field I, and 6 clones in the test field II. In average, chlorophyll-a, chlorophyll-b, and total chlorophyll of the plants grown in the field I are higher than that in the field II. In addition, chlorophyll-b of the transgenic plant in both fields is higher than chlorophyll-a. There is no differences of Leaf Area Index (LAI) of plants grown in the field I and II, but the LAI of plants at age 6 months is significantly higher than that at age 3 months.
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Judul: Seleksi klon-klon tebu transgenik IPB 1 pada berbagai aras pemupukan N dan P berdasarkan sifat fisiologis dan produksi
Abstrak: IPB 1 transgenic sugarcane clones are clones of sugarcane expressing phytase gene cv. PS 851, which has been done by previous researchers. In the process of genetic transformation, stages of regeneration through callus formation process will induce genetic variation. The process of transformation induced to somaclonal variation can contribute to differences among transgenic clones. This study aims to get the best clones of transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 which has high efficiency of N and P fertilizer use, high chlorophyll content, high phytase activity, high biomass and sugar production. This study is also aimed to know the effect of ZA and SP 36 fertilizer to N and P content in leaves, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production of transgenic sugarcane IPB1. Experimental design used was split plot design in randomized block design, consists of two factors, i.e. factor A as the main plot: the level of fertilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P). Factor B as the subplot: sugarcane clones IPB 1 transgenic and PS 851 isogenic as a control. DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) at the level of 5% is used analyze the differences between treatments. In average the results showed that to transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-3 is the best transgenic sugarcane clones that have the highest rates of sugar production of 98.32 quintal/hectare. Then followed by the transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-1 (97.86 quintal/hectare), IPB 1-59 (96.93 quintal/hectare), IPB 1-52 (96.63 quintal/hectare), and IPB 1-56 (96.18 quintal/hectare). Specifically on fertilizer treatment at rate of N 50% and P 50%, transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-7 is the best transgenic sugarcane clones that produced 108.57 quintal of sugar /hectare. Then followed by the transgenic sugarcane clones IPB 1-3 (104.80 quintal/hectare) and IPB 1-1 (104.57 quintal/hectare). Besides having a high sugar production, there is also a correlation between N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. N and P fertilization as done did not give significant effect on N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. Fertilizer treatment at rate of N 50% and P 50% which is the lowest, having the same effect with fertilizer treatment at rate of N 100% and P 100% on N and P content, chlorophyll content, phytase activity and production. With this results, it can be concluded that transgenic sugarcane IPB 1 can reduced 50% of N and P fertilizer use.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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