Judul: Sifat antimikotik bakteri asam laktat yang berasal dari dadih dan tempoyak terhadap beberapa jenis kapang
Abstrak: Kerusakan bahan pangan yang disebabkan oleh kapang telah diketahui sejak lama. Selain dapat menyebabkan kehilangan ekonomi yang sangat besar terhadap kualitas bahan pangan, beberapa kapang dapat memproduksi zat racun yang dapat membahayakan manusia. Zat racun ini berupa mikotoksin yang beberapa bersifat toksigenik, karsinogenik, teratogenik dan mutagenik. Kapang yang memproduksi mikotoksin temtama jenis Aspergillus, Penicillium dan Fusarium yang sering mengkontaminasi bahan pangan serealia dan biji-bijian. Mikotoksin umumnya tahan terhadap panas sehingga proses pengolahan dan pemasakan tidak menjamin hilangnya atau berkurang aktivitas toksin ini. Hasil pengaruh kultur campuran BAL menunjukkan bahwa L. plantarum isolat makanan yang dicampurkan dengan Le. lactis subsp. lac/is diketahui mampu menghambat pertumbuhan kapang dengan berat ke1ing miselia yang tidak berbeda dari kultur tunggahlya. Berat ke1ing miselia yang dihasilkan oleh kultur campuran berkisar antara 2.06-2.76 mg/ml atau potensi antimikotikuya sebesar 50-63% terhadap A. jlavus, 1.55-1.68 mg/ml atau 63-66% potensi antiinikotik terhadap P. citrinum clan 0. 78-1.25 mg/ml atau 77-85% potensi antimikotikuya terhadap F. graminearum.
Keyword: mycotoxins, F. graminearum, mold spores germination

Judul: Mempelajari Sifat Antimikotik Lactobacillus plantarum kik terhadap Penicillium citrinum
Abstrak: Kontaminasi kapang penghasil mikotoksin pada kacang tanah, jagung, beras, gailduill dan pangan olahannya inenimbulkan masalah bagi kesehatan manusia. Kapang Penicillium citrinum merupakan salah satu kapang penghasil inikotoksin selain Aspergillus j7avus dan Fusarium graminearum. Dengan proses pengolahan cemaran mikotoksin masih belum dapat dihilangkan sampai batas aman. Oleh karena itu perlu diupayakan agar cemaran mikotoksin dan kapang penghasilnya dapat dihilangkan. Salah satu caranya adalah dengan menggunakan bakteri asain laktat (BAL). Penggunaan BAL telah diketahui mampu menghainbat peturnbullan bakteri perusak dan patogen karena memproduksi senyawa antimikroba seperti asam, bakteriosin, C02, diasetil dan H202. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari sifat antimikotik Lactobacillus platzrarum kik dal mekanisn~e penghambatannya yang meliputi penghambatan terhadap viabilitas dan gerininasi spora kapang P. citritzum serta pengaruh jenis asaln terhadap aktivitas antimikotik.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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