Judul: Seroprevalence of Chikungunya and The Risk of Transmission Transmitted Among Blood Donors In Sulawesi-Indonesia
Abstrak: Chikungunya (CHIK) is an arthritogenic alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of arboviruses with an enveloped RNA containing a positive single-stranded 11.8 kb genome. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which are commonly found in tropical and temperate regions. Primary vertebrate hosts include monkeys and humans, in whom this virus replicates efficiently (Diallo et al. 1999). Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known for causing acute illness, manifesting with fever, rash, and arthralgia known as Chikungunya fever (Horwood dan Buchy 2015). Despite the high number of Chikungunya cases in Indonesia, comprehensive data are lacking in CHIKV seroprevalence. Previous studies reported the median seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV antibodies in all situations 18.5%, ranging from 0.0 – 73.% (Harapan et al., 2019). However, the gap in epidemiological data of CHIKV in many regions of Indonesia including Sulawesi, is noteworthy. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection among healthy individuals from North and South Sulawesi using archive samples. Additionally, an asymptomatic course of CHIKV infection and the high pre-symptomatic viral load as 108pfu/mL (Appassakij et al. 2013) suggest that the infection can threaten blood transfusion safety. Evidence of CHIKV infection among blood donors (Simmons et al. 2016) indicates transfusion-transmitted is probable, although it has not been documented (Petersen dan Epstein 2014). Our study also aimed to test the archive blood donor specimens from North Sulawesi for CHIKV IgM and viremia to determine blood safety in endemic areas. Samples were screened for anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies to determine exposure to CHIKV using an in-house IgG ELISA as previously described (Kosasih et al. 2013) with minor modifications. CHIKV IgM, a marker for recent infection and endemicity, was tested in 303 samples randomly selected from IgG-positive samples using a Euroimmun anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA kit (Luebeck, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. CHIKV RNA detection was carried out using one-step-qRT-PCR. The data generated were analyzed with IBM-SPSS v20 (IBM Corporation, USA). Chi-square (χ2) test to determine significant differences between categorical variables, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As many as 1092 serum and plasma samples were analyzed, with CHIK IgG seropositivity at 53.48% (584/1092). The results also show a statistically significant difference in the seropositive rates based on gender (58.8% male and 48.5% female) and region (53.9% South Sulawesi versus 48.7% North Sulawesi). Seropositivity increased with age; approximately half of adults between their 40s and 60s had seroconverted. Most of the participants, 304 (27.8%), were between 21-30 years. The age groups with the least participants were those >60 years and <20 years, with 93 participants each (8.5%), followed by the 51–60-years age group with 142 (13.0%) participants. In addition to IgG, the overall anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity comprised 12.9% (39/303). A Chi-square analysis shows a statistical significance of anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity based on gender and region with p-values (p=0.047 and p=0.038, respectively). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in anti-CHIK IgM based on age. The age group with the most participants was the 21-30 years with 19.3% (16/83), while those with the least participants were those >60 years. The current study
Keyword: Chikungunya, Serosurvey, Sulawesi, Blood donors, ELISA, qRT-PCR.

Judul: BioecologyAedesspp. Mosquitoes and the Detection of Chikungunya Virus inPasirKuda Village, West Bogor Dictrict
Abstrak: Chikungunya disease was one of the community health problems at PasirKuda Village with an attack rate of 2.96‰ in 2010. This research was done to study the mosquitoe ecology and to detect the presence of chikungunya virus (CHIKV) in Aedes spp. mosquitoes. Field surveys were done from December 2010 until August 2011 to collect mosquitoes and conduct interview to identify community knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) on chikungunya, and then in the laboratory to detect chikungunya virus in mosquito samples using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. The resultsshowed that Ae. aegypti breeding place was not in the collecting and saving water container inside the house, but was in another container outside, Ae. albopictus prefer to breed in natural water container and was categorized in moderate density. Ae.aegypti tend to bite and rest inside the house, while Ae. albopictus tend to bite and rest outside the house. Chikungunya virus was successfully detected only in the female Ae. aegypti which was collected on December 2010. The society’s knowledge about chikungunya prevention was categorized as moderate, however, it was not in line with their actions.
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Judul: autonomous mobile robot menggunakan metode formal logika temporal linear
Abstrak: Logika temporal linear (LTL) dikontruksi dari formulasi logika tingkah laku sistem yang diharapkan dari waktu ke waktu secara linear. Dengan demikian jika pada bagian atau waktu tertentu terjadi kesalahan pada sistem, kesalahan itu dapat segera diantisipasi. Dalam hal ini penggunaan perencanaan logika temporal linear tidak hanya digunakan pada autonomous mobile robot untuk mencapai sebuah tujuan atau menghindari rintangan, tetapi juga untuk perangkaian, perluasan atau penugasan sementara (temporal ordering) pada sebuah rangkaian tugas yang berbeda dalam satu waktu. Dalam LTL untuk menghasilkan lintasan robot dilakukan tiga tahap tahap aktivitas, yaitu pendefinisan abstraksi diskrit pergerakan robot, perencanaan logika temporal menggunakan model checking, dan implementasi kontinu rencana diskret (continuous implementations of discrete plan).
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