Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: This research was designed to establish a model for population management for javan rhinoceros (Rhinoceros sondaicus), a critically endangered species inhabiting Ujung Kulon National Park. Population increase by 3% every year had been assigned by the Ministry of forestry and this rate of population increase heavily relied on the ability of this species to survive and to reproduce naturally. The habitat of the rhino has conditions that were not always favourable to the rhinos and these conditions could potentially trigger stress for these animals. The research was divided into three stages consisting of analysis of nutritions and digestibility profiles of three male rhinoceros, analysis of relationship between stress levels on hormone profile of these animals, and stress induction to model animals. Two horses were selected as models for stress on rhinoceros, as the stress induction could not be done on the rhinoceros directly due to their small numbers worldwide; thus designated as a criticaly endangered species. The results of this research showed that the feed profile directly correlated with the home range and the vegetation structure around each individual rhinoceros and there were indications that the rhinos experienced feed deficit in quantity and quality. Analysis using 3α, 11β-dihydroxy-CM as an indicator of glucocorticoid stress hormon levels suggested that the rhinos experienced greater stress during the dry season when the water source was significantly depleted. This fact was also consistent with the result from stress induction on horse as model animal suggesting that feed deficit created acute type stress while water deficit created a chronic type stress. Compilations of the results from the research stages were formulated into a model of population management for javan rhinoceros with recommendations such as: habitat enrichment using feed plants high in protein (Moringa citrifolia, Callicarpa longifolia, Chisocheton microcarphus), high in fat (Alstonia angustiloba, Callicarpa longifolia, Macaranga spp), high in energy (Derris thyorsifolia, Pterospermum javanicum, Percampyulus glances) with density of 15 per hectare (tree form) to 5,406 per hectare (seedling form); water availability can be enhanced by replenishing feed plants high in water contents such as: Paederia scandens, Alstonia scholaris, Costus speciosus, as well as maintaining access and trais to water sources that were available year round. The use of 3α, 11β- dihydroxy-CM needs to be validated using biological and chemical measures to investigate its potential use in monitoring stress levels of javan rhinos in the wild; horse can be used as relevant model animal for research in stress and its implications to the javan rhinoceros.
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Judul: Dimensi Sosial dan Ekologi Masyarakat Terhadap Potensi Transmisi Penyakit pada Badak Jawa (Rhinoceros sondaicus) di Taman Nasional Ujung Kulon
Abstrak: Javan rhinoceros is a one horned rhino that can only be found in Ujung Kulon National Park. Java rhino population is 47 individuals right now made this animal was categorizing as critically endangered. In the last three years, the mortality of javan rhino in UKNP reached 3 individuals. The deceased of javan rhinoceros need serious intention because of the mystery of causa mortem. Almost all carcasses still have horn and minor sign of poaching indicate that these carcasses are diseased. It was believed that might be it’s because of the regular herding of domestic ungulates in the rhinos habitat. This open sharing of habitat between rhinos and buffalo has the potential to disseminate infectious disease agents from domestic animals to Javan rhinoceroses The main aims of this study were to understand the potential of disease transmission happening in the park to propose possible solution to the problem. This study has two objectives that include the following: (1) to analysis the mechanism of disease transmission between buffalo and sympatric javan rhino through ectoparasites vector inventory in the Ujung Kulon National Park; (2) to analysis social and economic value of buffalo in the village surrounding national park. This study showed that, there were four mechanisms of disease transmission could be happen between buffalo and javan rhinos in the park. The role of buffalo as main source of economic income has been change at this moment. The analysis of social and economic value with discriminant analysis showed that education and ages (experience) have influence to change the villager vision to saw the role of social and economic and herd’s management of buffalo in the village. The conflicts of natural resources in conservation area should be solving with integrated management between national park and the villages surrounding it. Education could be good factor to change herd behavior from free to close ranging management. Finally, to resolve natural resources conflict need to change paradigm thought problem out of the box, law approach occasionally ineffective without social and ecology approach.
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Judul: Pembuatan dan karakterisasi Field Effect Transistor (FET) berbasis Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) untuk detektor cahaya tampak
Abstrak: Sensor cahaya dapat dibuat dari logam, oksida logam, polimer konduktif organic,semikonduktor. Sensor cahaya dari bahan semikonduktor memiliki kelebihan dalam menunjukkan sensitivitas serta dapat digunakan pada suhu ruang. Cadmium sulfide sebagai lapisan aktif dari sensor field effect transistor (FET) sensitif dalam merespon cahaya. Terdapat 3 lapisan utama pada sensor sensor FET yaitu lapisan silikon tipe-p, lapisan SiO2, dan lapisan aktif CdS. Setiap lapisan mempunyai karakteristik dan fungsi yang berbeda-beda. Lapisan SiO2 terbentuk saat dipanaskan pada suhu 1000oC dengan pemberian gas oksigen. Hasil ini dapat terlihat secara kasat mata, yaitu terjadi perubahan warna pada subtrat dari warna abu-abu menjadi kuning keemasan. Deposisi lapisan CdS yang dibuat dengan metode chemical bath deposition (CBD) pada suhu 70oC menghasilkan lapisan berwarna kuning di atas subtrat silikon yang telah dioksidasi. Pemilihan waktu dan suhu saat deposisi sangat mempengaruhi sifat dan morfologi lapisan CdS yang dihasilkan. Daerah serapan cahaya dari lapisan CdS berada pada kisaran panjang gelombang 450-550 nm dengan nilai selah energi sebesar 2,46 eV. Pada karakteristik I-V sensor FET, arus drain-source dipengaruhi oleh tegangan gate yang diberikan. Semakin besar tegangan gate yang diberikan maka semakin besar pula arus drain-source yang dihasilkan. Respon sensor FET terhadap cahaya memperlihatkan bahwa apabila sensor diberikan cahaya maka terjadi peningkatan arus drain-source akibat adanya penurunan resistansi lapisan CdS. Respon dinamik sensor FET memperlihatkan adanya perubahan tegangan output saat diberikan cahaya. Terjadi penurunan tegangan output saat diberikan cahaya pada setiap peningkatan intensitas. Sensor FET memiliki waktu respon sekitar 0,9 detik dan waktu pemulihan sekitar 1,3 detik.
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