Judul: Evaluasi Penurunan Serat Kasar dan Peningkatan Nilai Kecernaan Bungkil Kelapa Dengan Penambahan Enzim Cairan Rumen Domba Sebagai Bahan Baku Pakan Ikan Mas Cyprinus carpio
Abstrak: The objectives of this work were to evaluate the roles of sheep rumen liquor enzymes on its capability to reduce the crude fiber contant and enhance the apperent digestibility of coconut cake meal (BK) for common carp Cyprinus carpio. The work comprised by two stages experiments. In experiment I, BK was hydrolized with 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, or 125 ml enzymes/kg BK for 0, 12, and 24 hours, respectively. Thereafter, proximate compositions of BK were analyzed. In experiment II, hydrolyzed BK (BKe) contained the least crude fiber content from the result of experiment I was tested for its digestibility. It was found that BK hydrolyzed with 125 ml enzymes/kg BK for 24 hours had the lowest value of crude fiber content, and highest value of glucose content. In this treatment, crude fiber content was decreased from 14,34% to 6,98%, while the glucose content was increased from 0,014% to 0,464%. The apparent digestibility of BKe was found to be higher than BK. The total digestibility, protein carp was 63,92% and 54,58%, 79,53% and 65,17%, 72,2% and 49,17% for BKe and BK, respectively. It was concluded that sheep rumen liquor enzymes could reduce the crude fiber content of BK, and enhance its apparent digestibility for carp Cyprinus carpio.
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Judul: The Effectivity Test of Sheep Rumen Liquor Enzyme Added to Palm Kernel Meal on Its Apparent Digestibility Coefficient for Catfish Pangasius hypopthalmus
Abstrak: Pemanfaatan bahan pakan lokal sebagai pakan alternatif telah banyak dilakukan. Sumber bahan pakan altenatif yang mempunyai potensi untuk dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan pakan ikan adalah hasil-hasil ikutan produk agro industri dan salah satunya adalah bungkil kelapa sawit (BKS). Namun, kandungan serat kasar yang tinggi pada bungkil sawit yaitu mencapai 18,33% - 21,3% menyebabkan bahan baku tersebut perlu diolah lagi agar dapat digunakan sebagai bahan baku pakan ikan karena ikan mempunyai keterbatasan dalam mencerna serat kasar. Upaya pengolahan yang telah berkembang di bidang peternakan adalah pemanfaatan cairan rumen untuk menurunkan kandungan serat kasar bahan pakan. Cairan rumen domba merupakan salah satu sumber bahan alternatif yang murah dan dapat dimanfaatkan dengan mudah sebagai sumber enzim hidrolase. Penggunaan enzim cairan rumen domba diharapkan dapat menurunkan kadar serat kasar BKS dan dengan demikian BKS akan dapat menjadi sumber pakan alternatif. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi penambahan enzim cairan rumen domba dalam menurunkan kandungan serat kasar bungkil kelapa sawit (BKS) dan nilai kecernaan BKS yang telah dihidrolisis dengan enzim cairan rumen domba sebagai pakan benih ikan patin siam. Penelitian dilakukan dalam dua tahap yaitu tahap pertama menguji enzim cairan rumen domba 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 dan 100 ml/kg selama 0, 12 dan 24 jam dalam menurunkan serat kasar pada BKS dengan rancangan acak lengkap faktorial dan tahap kedua menguji kecernaan bungkil kelapa sawit yang telah ditambahkan enzim cairan rumen domba (BKSe) perlakuan terbaik hasil penelitian tahap pertama. Rancangan penelitian tahap kedua adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 3 perlakuan pakan yang telah ditambahkan indikator Cr2O3. Pakan yang digunakan dalam penelitian adalah pakan acuan (100% pakan komersil), pakan uji A (70% pakan komersil : 30% BKSe) dan B (70% pakan komersil : 30% BKS) dengan 3 ulangan. Ikan yang digunakan 10 ekor benih ikan patin siam (Pangasius hypopthalmus) dengan bobot rata-rata 20 g/ekor yang dipelihara dalam fiber dengan volume air 80 liter. Pemberian pakan secara at satiation dengan frekuensi pemberian 3 kali per hari. Feses dikumpulkan selama 15 hari pemeliharaan untuk dianalisis kandungan nutrisinya. Analisis proksimat dilakukan pada pakan dan feses untuk diukur nilai kecernaannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan enzim cairan rumen domba berpengaruh nyata terhadap penurunan kadar serat kasar BKS dengan volume enzim 100 ml/kg selama 24 jam inkubasi dapat menurunkan kadar serat kasar dari 16.06% menjadi 6.99% dan pakan A (30% BKSe). Penurunan kadar serat kasar BKS yang dihidrolisis dengan enzim cairan rumen selama 24 jam adalah sebesar 56,97%., Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the hydrolysis of fiber content in palm kernel meal (PKM) by sheep rumen liquor enzyme and to know apparent digestibility coefficient of hydrolyzed PKM for catfish Pangasius hypopthalmus. The first trial examined effectivity of sheep rumen liquor enzyme to decrease crude fiber content of PKM. Volume of sheep rumen liquor enzyme was 0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 ml/kg PKM and incubated for 0, 12 and 24 hours. A factorial completely randomized experimental design consisted of 2 variables and triplicates were selected. The second trial was done to evaluate apparent digestibility coefficients of hydrolized PKM for catfish Pangasius hypopthalmus. Apparent digestibility coefficients were determined using chromic oxide indicator
Keyword: Apparent digestibility coefficient, Catfish, Palm kernel meal, Sheep rumen liquor enzyme, Digestibilyti

Judul: Utilization of terra/MODIS L1B data for analysis of horizontal wind profile in the troposphere
Abstrak: This study was concerned with horizontal wind derived from data collected with the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) on board the NASA’s Earth Observation System (EOS)-Terra satellite. The aim of this study is to develop a method for the estimation of horizontal wind movement in the troposphere based on Navier-Stokes equation. The method was applied to a calibrated and geolocated Terra/MODIS L1B 1 km data set. The data inputs to estimate surface temperature are retrieved from TIR (Thermal Infrared) bands 31 (10.780 μm to 11.280 μm) and 32 (11.770 μm to 12.270 μm). The obtained surface temperatures were later used to approximate geopotential height on a constant-pressure surface by using the modified Poisson equation. The main assumptions used are the hydrostatic equilibrium, ideal gas law, constant lapse rate and constant acceleration of gravity. Based on the distribution of geopotential height, the pressure gradient force is measured by the gradient of geopotential on an isobaric coordinate to present the horizontal wind profile. For certain topographic areas especially in the mountain ranges, there was a disadvantage of using pressure as a vertical coordinate which lead to inaccuracy. In spite of that, Terra/MODIS L1B data with 1 km spatial resolution can be used to estimate the horizontal wind movement in the troposphere.
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