Judul: The Influence of Social Assistance on  Poverty in Indonesia (2015-2019 Year Period), The Influence of Social Assistance on Poverty in Indonesia (2015-2019 Year Period)
Abstrak: Salah satu tujuan negara Indonesia adalah memajukan kesejahteraan umum. Kesejahteraan umum masyarakat dapat diukur dengan angka kemiskinan. Jumlah penduduk miskin di Indonesia sebagian besar berasal dari pedesaan dimana pengeluaran penduduk miskin di pedesaan terus meningkat. Sedangkan di perkotaan memiliki masalah ketimpangan sedang. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan bantuan dari pemerintah untuk meringankan beban pengeluaran penduduk miskin di pedesaan dan mengurangi ketimpangan di perkotaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis teori, dinamika, kendala, dan pengaruh bantuan sosial terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Data yang digunakan adalah data 23 Provinsi di Indonesia dengan periode tahun 2015-2019. Metode analisis yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu analisis deskriptif dan metode regresi data panel dengan pendekatan Fixed Effect Model (FEM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah penerima bantuan jaminan kesehatan nasional (PBI-JKN) memiliki pengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia. Faktor lain yang signifikan memengaruhi kemiskinan di Indonesia adalah rasio gini dan tingkat pengangguran terbuka. Namun, pengeluaran bantuan sosial dan PDRB tidak signifikan memengaruhi kemiskinan di Indonesia. Kata Kunci: Bantuan sosial, data panel, fixed effect model, kemiskinan, PBI-JKN, The Influence of Social Assistance on Poverty in Indonesia (2015-2019 Year Period). Supervised by MUHAMMAD FINDI. One of the goals of the Indonesian state is to promote public welfare. The general welfare of the community can be measured by the poverty rate. The number of poor people in Indonesia mostly comes from rural areas where the expenditure of the poor in rural areas continues to increase. Meanwhile, urban areas have a moderate inequality problem. Therefore, assistance from the government is needed to ease the expenditure burden of the rural poor and reduce inequality in urban areas. This study aims to analyze the theory, dynamics, constraints and effects of social assistance on poverty in Indonesia. The data used is data from 23 provinces in Indonesia with the period 2015-2019. The analysis method used in this research is descriptive analysis and panel data regression method with the Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results showed that the number of recipients of national health insurance (PBI-JKN) had a negative and significant effect on poverty in Indonesia. Other factors that significantly influence poverty in Indonesia are the gini ratio and the open unemployment rate. However, spending on social assistance and PDRB does not significantly affect poverty in Indonesia. Keywords: Social assistance, panel data, fixed effect model, poverty, PBI-JKN
Keyword: Social assistance, panel data, fixed effect model, poverty, PBI-JKN

Judul: Fiscal Decentralization on Poverty in Indonesia
Abstrak: Kemiskinan merupakan permasalahan kompleks yang dialami oleh berbagai negara, termasuk Indonesia. Kemiskinan di Indonesia cenderung berfluktuasi dengan nilai derajat desentralisasi fiskal yang menunjukkan bahwa tingkat kemandirian fiskal di Indonesia tergolong cukup baik, namun permasalahan kemiskinan masih belum terselesaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh desentralisasi fiskal terhadap kemiskinan di Indonesia tahun 2017-2022. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif dan analisis data panel. Data yang digunakan adalah data 34 provinsi di Indonesia selama periode tahun 2017-2022. Hasil estimasi regresi data panel diperoleh bahwa variabel derajat desentralisasi fiskal dan rata-rata lama sekolah berpengaruh negatif signifikan terhadap persentase penduduk miskin, indeks kedalaman kemiskinan, dan indeks keparahan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Kemudian variabel gini rasio dan dummy Covid-19 berpengaruh positif signifikan persentase penduduk miskin, indeks kedalaman kemiskinan, dan indeks keparahan kemiskinan di Indonesia. Pertumbuhan ekonomi tidak berpengaruh signikan terhadap persentase penduduk miskin dan indeks kedalaman kemiskinan, namun berpengaruh signifikan negatif terhadap indeks keparahan kemiskinan di Indonesia., Poverty is a complex problem experienced by various countries, including Indonesia. Poverty in Indonesia tends to fluctuate with the value of the degree of fiscal decentralization which shows that the level of fiscal independence in Indonesia is quite good, but the problem of poverty is still unresolved. This study aims to analyze the effect of fiscal decentralization on poverty in Indonesia in 2017-2022. The analytical method used is descriptive analysis and panel data analysis. The data used is data from 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2017-2022. The estimation results of the regression panel data show that the variable degree of fiscal decentralization and the average length of schooling have a significant negative effect on the proportion of poor people, the poverty depth index, and the poverty severity index in Indonesia. Then the Gini ratio and dummy Covid-19 variables have a significant positive effect on the proportion of poor people, the poverty depth index, and the poverty index in Indonesia. Economic growth has no significant effect on the proportion of poor people and the poverty depth index, but has a significant effect on the poverty index of poverty in Indonesia.
Keyword: fiscal decentralization, Indonesia, panel data, poverty

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol
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