Judul: Penentuan Waktu Tanam Padi pada Kondisi Curah Hujan Tahun El Nino dan La Nina di Kabupaten Indramayu.
Abstrak: Kabupaten Indramayu memiliki pola curah hujan monsunal di mana musim hujan terjadi pada akhir dan awal tahun dan musim kering terjadi pada pertengahan tahun. Fenomena El Nino dan La Nina yang semakin sering terjadi menyebabkan perubahan pola curah hujan dan waktu tanam. Akibatnya adalah petani sering mengalami gagal panen akibat kurangnya informasi tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan membantu petani dalam menentukan waktu tanam padi pada kondisi curah hujan tahun El Nino dan La Nina. Penentuan waktu tanam dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode neraca air lahan yang dilengkapi dengan nilai kebutuhan air untuk tanaman. Perhitungan neraca air dilakukan dengan interval sepuluh harian (dasarian) yang dianggap efektif untuk kegiatan pertanian. Wilayah yang dipilih adalah Desa Gabuswetan Kecamatan Gabuswetan dan Desa Benda Kecamatan Karangampel. Hasil analisis menggambarkan bahwa, di Kecamatan Gabuswetan waktu tanam pada tahun Normal dan La Nina dilakukan pada bulan OKT-III s/d FEB-I dan tanam kedua pada bulan FEB-III s/d JUN-I. Pada tahun El Nino waktu tanam pertama dilakukan pada bulan NOV-III s/d MAR-I dan tanam kedua pada bulan MAR-III s/d JUL-I. Di Kecamatan Karangampel waktu tanam padi pada tahun Normal dilakukan pada bulan DES-I s/d MAR-II dan waktu tanam kedua pada bulan APR-I s/d JUL-II. Pada tahun El Nino hanya sekali tanam, yaitu pada bulan DES-III s/d APR-I. Pada tahun La Nina waktu tanam pada bulan OKT-III s/d FEB-I dan waktu tanam kedua pada bulan FEB-III s/d JUN-II.
Keyword: Pola curah hujan, neraca air lahan, waktu tanam

Judul: Analisis Potensi Waktu Tanam Padi Sawah Tadah Hujan pada Wilayah Tidak Terkena dan Terkena Dampak ENSO dan IOD di Sentra Produksi Padi Jawa Barat (Studi Kasus : Kabupaten Indramayu dan Cianjur).
Abstrak: Timing of planting is part of the strategy of food cultivation. Increased fluctuations, the frequency and intensity of climate anomalies in the last decade caused by ENSO and IOD phenomena can have serious repercussions on food crops because of the early rainy season and dry season was delayed. Indramayu is one of the rice-producing centers in West Java, most of the area influenced by both ENSO and IOD. So in that area have an early shift planting time, while other rice-producing centers such as Cianjur mostly unaffected area either by ENSO and IOD. To determine the potential of planting time required analysis of water resource potential of integrating the components of climate, soil, and plants into a system. The study aims to determine the potential of good rice-planting time in the El-Nino, a positive IOD years or normal years and knowing the potential difference when planted in areas affected and not affected by ENSO and IOD. Planting time is determined based on an index of adequacy of water more than 0.8 and the potential loss of less than 20%. This two value is determined at the critical phase of the rice plant at flowering stage and grain filling. With the stipulation that the best planting time scenario obtained when the critical phase of plant have no water deficit, so that water sufficiency index values of more than 80% and the potential loss of less than 20%. The results showed that in normal conditions in the area of Krangkeng Indramayu, potential planting time can be done in the month from October to December. But in the year of El Nino events, rice planting can only be done in December. While the positive IOD events, planting can be done in mid-November until the end of January. For Ciranjang Cianjur district, in the normal years planting can be done in mid-September until the end of February. While the conditions of El Nino and IOD does not shift the start time of planting. During strong El Nino occurred simultaneously with the positive IOD in rainfed land, the rice can not be planted in Krangkeng. Different conditions occur in areas Ciranjang, the potential planting time can be done almost the same as planting time when normal conditions.
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Judul: Light Microscope Study of ConnectiveTissue in The Spleen of Common Rousette Bat (Rousettus amplexicaudatus)
Abstrak: The spleen is the largest lymphoid organ. As a secondary lymphoid organ, in addition to its immune function, the spleen also has functions as blood filtration, storage, and hematopoiesis. The spleen has different morphologies between species that support different physiological functions, one of which is the difference in the structure of the capsule and trabeculae. Capsule and trabeculae of the spleen generally consist of connective tissue and smooth muscle. The thickness of smooth muscle composed together with connective tissue in the capsule and trabecula determines the function of the spleen that is divided spleen into three storage, defense, and intermediate. Bats are the reservoir of various zoonotic diseases. Bats are thought to have unique immune systems compared to other mammals but the characteristics of its immune organs such as the spleen have never been studied before. This study was conducted to examine the characteristics of capsulae and trabecula of the Common Rousette (Rousettus amplexicaudatus).
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