Judul: Kajian Efektivitas Membran Selulosa Asetat pada Proses Filtrasi Bertahap untuk Desalinasi Air Laut
Abstrak: Penelitian ini fokus pada pengkajian efektivitas membran selulosa asetat untuk desalinasi air laut dengan menggunakan sistem filtrasi bertahap. Membran selulosa asetat telah digunakan untuk menyaring air laut. Teknik filtrasi yang digunakan yaitu sistem aliran dead end. Sistem filtrasi dilakukan pada kondisi pemberian variasi tekanan. Nilai fluks membran menurun seiring dengan meningkatnya waktu filtrasi. Nilai fluks mengalami peningkatan dengan meningkatnya tekanan. Kualitas hasil filtrasi menunjukkan peningkatan, terlihat dari nilai salinitas, kekeruhan, pH, maupun rapat massanya yang menurun. Salinitas air laut menurun setelah melewati membran, berarti terjadi desalinasi. Penurunan salinitasnya sebesar 6,25%. Dalam hal ini membran mempunyai kemampuan merejeksi. Hasil sistem filtrasi bertahap memiliki rejeksi kekeruhan sebesar 64,407%, nilai ini lebih tinggi dibanding rejeksi: salinitas, pH, dan rapat massa. Membran yang telah dipakai pada masing-masing tahapan filtrasi mengalami peristiwa fouling.
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Judul: Kajian Membran Nilon pada Proses Filtrasi Bertahap Sistem Cross-Flow untuk Desalinasi Air Payau
Abstrak: The membrane is semi-permeable coating that can form a thin layer separating the two phases with different characters. The membrane used was a nylon membrane. Membrane is used as a filter for the filtration process gradual cross-flow system. Cross-flow technique used to filter the water by passing the water on the membrane with 90° angular position to the normal line of membrane with the variation of the mass 6, 6.5 and 7 g. The filtration was done at pressure of 2.5, 5, 6, 7 and 8 psi. Each membrane was tested for compressive strength and tensile strength before and after each used. SEM test used to see the surface morphology of membrane before and after each used. In brackish water was done flux test and rejection test such as turbidity, salinity, density, and ph. Tests were performed on each filtration flux where the highest flux value is at 6 g membrane. The best rejection and mechanical test at 6.5 g membrane.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), flux, cross-flow, filtration, nylon, membrane

Judul: Morphofunctional Characteristic of the Shoulder and Upper Arm Muscles of The Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus)
Abstrak: Orangutans are arboreal primates that have similarities to gorillas and chimpanzees from both anatomical and physiological aspects, although there are distinct behaviors that allow for differentiation in the structure of the locomotor apparatus. This research aims to study the anatomy of the muscles of the shoulders and upper-arm of the Bornean orangutan associated with the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This study was conducted by observing the morphology of the shoulders and upper-arms muscles and watching their behaviors through video observations. The results showed that the rotator cuff muscles in orangutans were relatively thick resulted in well-fixed shoulders. Musculus rhomboideus occipitalis is only observed in orangutans to facilitate them during arboreal activities such as brachiation. The external trunk muscle in orangutans is found to be relatively large compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, due to the lifting of the upper arms while in trees and on the ground. Musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii were well developed as flexors of the elbow joint and hold the body mass while climbing up the tree. The Bornean orangutans' activities are more arboreal than those in gorillas and chimpanzees, thus their shoulder and upper arm muscles were more developed to support brachiation activities., Orangutans are arboreal primates that have similarities to gorillas and chimpanzees from both anatomical and physiological aspects, although there are distinct behaviors that allow for differentiation in the structure of the locomotor apparatus. This research aims to study the anatomy of the muscles of the shoulders and upper-arm of the Bornean orangutan associated with the type of locomotion and daily behavior. This study was conducted by observing the morphology of the shoulders and upper-arms muscles and watching their behaviors through video observations. The results showed that the rotator cuff muscles in orangutans were relatively thick resulted in well-fixed shoulders. Musculus rhomboideus occipitalis is only observed in orangutans to facilitate them during arboreal activities such as brachiation. The external trunk muscle in orangutans is found to be relatively large compared to chimpanzees and gorillas, due to the lifting of the upper arms while in trees and on the ground. Musculus brachioradialis and musculus biceps brachii were well developed as flexors of the elbow joint and hold the body mass while climbing up the tree. The Bornean orangutans' activities are more arboreal than those in gorillas and chimpanzees, thus their shoulder and upper arm muscles were more developed to support brachiation activities.
Keyword: arboreal, Bornean orangutans, shoulders and upper-arm muscles, terrestrial