Judul: Quality of Broiler Feed Pellets Made from Azolla pinnata with the Addition of Adhesives
Abstrak: Azolla pinnata merupakan jenis tanaman paku-pakuan yang tumbuh diair dengan kandungan protein yang tinggi. Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya, pemberian tepung Azolla 5% dalam pakan ayam pedaging fase starter dan finisher mampu meningkatkan pertambahan bobot badan dan menurunkan nilai Feed Convertion Ratio (FCR). Tepung Azolla yang digunakan adalah 5% dari total ransum dan binder yang digunakan sebanyak 2%. Rancangan percobaan dalam penelitian ini adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 4 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan dengan masing-masing P1: pellet Azolla non binder; P2: pellet azolla + tepung tapioka 2%; P3: pellet Azolla + onggok 2%; P4: pellet azolla + Carboxymethil cellulose (CMC) 2%. Penggunaan tepung tapioka dan onggok mampu meningkatkan kualitas fisik pelet dengan hasil Pellet Durability Index masing-masing bernilai 86,35±0,83% dan 90,91±0,75%, serta hardness masingmasing bernilai 10,01±1,25 Psi dan 10,18±0,92 Psi. Penggunaan onggok sebagai bahan perekat dengan harga Rp 2000 per kg sangat ekonomis dikarenakan mampu meningkatkan kualitas fisik pellet., Azolla pinnata is a type of fern that grows in water with high protein content. Based on previous research, giving 5% Azolla flour in broiler feed for starter and finisher phases was able to increase body weight gain and reduce the value of Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR). Azolla flour used was 5% and the binder used was 2%. The experimental design in this study was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 replications with each P1: non-binder Azolla pellets; P2: azolla pellet + 2% tapioca flour; P3: azolla pellet + 2% pile; P4: azolla pellet + Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 2%. The use of tapioca flour and onggok can improve the physical quality of the pellets with the results of the Pellet Durability Index being 86.35±0.83% and 90.91±0.75%, and the hardness being 10.01±1.25 Psi and 10.18±0.92 Psi. The use of onggok as an adhesive at a price of Rp. 2000 per kg is economical because it can improve the physical quality.
Keyword: Azolla pinnata, Binder, Pellets, Onggok, Tapioca flour

Judul: Penggunaan Perekat Bentonite dengan Level Berbeda pada Pelet Ransum Ayam Broiler
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengkaji pengaruh penambahan level bentonite terhadap komponen proksimat dan sifat fisik pakan ayam bentuk pelet. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 5 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Metode yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) yaitu: P0 (ransum basal), P1 (ransum basal + 2% bentonite), P2 (ransum basal + 4% bentonite), P3 (ransum basal + 6% bentonite), P4 (ransum basal + 8% bentonite). Variabel yang diamati adalah komponen proksimat dan sifat fisik pelet. Data dianalisis dengan analysis of variance (ANOVA) dan apabila hasil menunjukkan berbeda nyata maka dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian bentonite dapat mengubah komponen proksimat yaitu menurunkan kadar air dan meningkatkan kadar abu. Pemberian 2 − 4% bentonite berpengaruh nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kualitas fisik meliputi berat jenis, ketahanan, dan kekerasan pelet. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan bentonite menghasilkan sifat fisik terbaik pada level pemberian 2%., This research was intended to examine the effect of increasing bentonite levels on the proximate composition and physical properties of chicken feed pellets. This research was conducted by implementing a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 5 treatments and 4 replications. The method used in this research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD), specifically: P0 (basal ration), P1 (basal ration + 2% bentonite), P2 (basal ration + 4% bentonite), P3 (basal ration + 6% bentonite), P4 (basal ration + 8% bentonite). The variables observed were the proximate composition and physical properties of the pellets. Subsequently, the data were analyzed by utilizing analysis of variance (ANOVA) and would be continued with Duncan’s test if the results show a significant difference. The result showed that the bentonite could alter the proximate components by lowering the moisture content and increasing the ash content. The administration of 2 – 4% bentonite was able to provide a significant effect (P<0.05) on physical quality, including the density, durability, and hardness of the pellets. Therefore, it can be concluded that the bentonite addition was capable of producing the finest physical properties at the 2% level of administration.
Keyword: additive, bentonite, pellet, adhesive, physical properties

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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