Judul: Isolation and Biochemical Characterisation of Long-Tailed Macaque Aerobic Gut Bacteria from Tinjil Island, Indonesia
Abstrak: Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis ; MEP) adalah primata bukan manusia yang umum digunakan sebagai hewan model di bidang kesehatan karena kemiripan genetiknya dengan manusia. Menjaga keseimbangan mikrobiota usus MEP sangat penting untuk menghindari kemungkinan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh ketidakseimbangan komposisi mikrobiota usus (dysbiosis). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi bakteri usus dari MEP semi-liar dari Pulau Tinjil melalui pendekatan kultivasi bakteri. Empat sampel feses MEP semi-liar diencerkan secara serial dan disebarkan ke media agar untuk penghitungan bakteri hidup kemudian isolat bakteri dikarakterisasi. Rata-rata total bakteri hidup yang diperoleh adalah 1,86 x 109 CFU/g. Isolasi bakteri secara aerobik dari semua sampel ini menghasilkan 19 isolat bakteri Gram positif, enam spesies diduga Staphylococcus spp., empat Micrococcus spp., tiga Bacillus spp., dan enam Corynebacterium spp. Secara umum, isolasi bakteri dari feses MEP semi-liar dari Pulau Tinjil telah memberikan gambaran sederhana bakteri aerob dari usus MEP melalui metode berbasis kultur., Long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis ; LTM) is a common Non-Human Primates (NHPs) used as model organisms in the medical field for its genetic similarity with humans. Maintaining the gut microbiota balance of LTM is crucial to avoid the possibility of disease in LTM caused by dysbiosis. Therefore, this study aims to isolate and characterise gut bacteria from the semi-wild LTM from Tinjil Island through a culture-dependent approach. Four semi-wild LTM faecal samples were serially diluted and spread onto the nutrient agar medium for bacteria enumeration through Total Plate Count (TPC) and then characterised. The average of total viable bacteria obtained was 1.86 x 109 CFU/g. Aerobic isolation of bacteria from all the samples resulted in 19 isolates of Gram-positive bacteria, six putative species of Staphylococcus spp., four Micrococcus spp., three Bacillus spp. and six Corynebacterium spp. The isolation of cultivable faecal bacteria from semi-wild LTM from Tinjil Island has provided a simple overview of LTM aerobic gut bacteria via culture-based methods.
Keyword: Culture-based method, faecal, gut microbiota, Macaca fascicularis, putative-species

Judul: Identification of Lactic Acid Fermentative Bacteria from the Faeces of Proboscis Monkey (Nasalis larvatus), Kalimantan Endemic Primates
Abstrak: Bakteri Asam Laktat (BAL) adalah golongan bakteri yang memiliki peran dalam pencernaan dengan sifat tidak toksik bagi inangnya dan mampu menghasilkan beberapa senyawa yang dapat mengeliminasi bakteri patogen. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi jenis bakteri asam laktat yang terdapat pada feses bekantan. Sampel feses yang diinokulasikan pada media MRSA (de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar), Pengujian biokimia dengan uji oksidase, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), uji urease, uji IMViC. Uji IMVIC sendiri terdiri dari beberapa uji yaitu uji Sulfide Indol Motility (SIM), uji Methyl Red-Voges Proskauer, dan uji Simmon’s Citrate, serta pengujian fermentasi karbohidrat yang terdiri dari glukosa, laktosa, sukrosa, maltosa, manitol, dan dulsitol. Berdasarkan hasil uji yang dilakukan didapatkan jenis bakteri Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus brevis, dan Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are a group of bacteria that have a role in digestion with non-toxic properties to their host and can produce several compounds that can eliminate pathogenic bacteria. This study aims to identify the types of lactic acid bacteria found in proboscis monkey feces. The method used was a simple test with fecal samples inoculated on MRSA media (de Mann Rogosa Sharpe Agar), biochemical testing with oxidase test, Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA), urease test, IMViC test. The IMVIC test itself consists of several tests, namely the Sulfide Indole Motility (SIM) test, Proskauer's Methyl Red-Voges test, Simmon's Citrate test, and carbohydrate fermentation testing consisting of glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose, mannitol, and Dulcitol. Based on the results of the tests carried out, it was found that the types of bacteria Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus brevis, and Lactobacillus plantarum.
Keyword: Lactic acid bacteria, monkey feces, primates

Judul: Truncated Stop Loss as a Optimal Solution of Reinsurance Agreement in One-Period Model
Abstrak: Reinsurance is one of risk management efforts of an insurance company, which is called the cedent. Similar with insurance, reinsurance constitutes the cedent to pay the premium. We consider one-period reinsurance model and derive a rule which minimizes the ruin probability of the cedent for a fixed reinsurance premium. Therefore, it is needed to construct an optimal reinsurance agreement for the cedent. The premium is calculated according to four different principles, i.e. economic, generalized zero-utility, Esscher, and mean-variance principles. Stop loss is a reinsurance contract which protect the insurance company for losses that exceed a certain amount. The result of this research shows that a truncated stop loss is an optimal agreement in the class of all reinsurance contracts with various premiums calculated using above mentioned principles.
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