Judul: Economic Impact and Carrying Capacity of Mount Papandayan Natural Tourism Park [TWA] during the Covid-19 Pandemic
Abstrak: Pemerintah melalui Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 21 Tahun 2020 memberlakukan Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB) guna untuk mengurangi penyebaran virus Covid-19. Oleh karena itu, TWA Gunung Papandayan terpaksa ditutup sementara selama 3 bulan dari 27 Maret 2020 hingga 27 Juni 2020. Kebijakan ini memberikan dampak yang signifikan terhadap unit usaha dan tenaga kerja. Selain itu, kebijakan ini juga menyebabkan perubahan variabel pada perhitungan daya dukung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengestimasi dampak ekonomi, menganalisis strategi adaptif dan mengestimasi perubahan daya dukung. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis multiplier effect, analisis deskriptif dan analisis daya dukung. Hasil menunjukan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier kurang dari satu, artinya dampak yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat lokal masih rendah baik sebelum pandemi maupun saat pandemi Covid- 19. Namun, pengeluaran wisatawan sudah berdampak dan berkontribusi dengan baik bagi pendapatan unit usaha dan tenaga kerja dikarenakan nilai Ratio Income Multiplier Type I dan Type II yang lebih besar dari pada satu baik itu sebelum maupun saat pandemi. TWA Gunung Papandayan menerapkan pengecekan suhu dan sertifikat vaksin atau hasil antigen, menjaga jarak dan menggunakan masker, menyediakan wastafel, tim medis dan ambulan, memasang baliho atau poster dan menerapkan kapasitas pengunjung sebagai strategi adaptif. Daya dukung mengalami Under Carrying Capacity (UCC), kecuali fasilitas parkir motor dan mobil pada perhitungan RCC dan ECC yang mengalami Over Carrying Capacity (OCC) baik sebelum maupun saat pandemi., The government through Government Regulation No. 21 of 2020 imposed Large- Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) in order to reduce the spread of the Covid-19 virus. Therefore, the Gunung Papandayan TWA was forced to temporarily close for 3 months from 27 March 2020 to 27 June 2020. This policy had a significant impact on business units and the workforce. In addition, this policy also causes variable changes in the calculation of carrying capacity. This study aims to estimate the economic impact, analyze adaptive strategies and estimate changes in carrying capacity. The analytical method used is multiplier effect analysis, descriptive analysis and carrying capacity analysis. The results show that the Keynesian Income Multiplier value is less than one, meaning that the impact felt by local communities is still low both before the pandemic and during the Covid-19 pandemic. However, tourist spending has had an impact and contributed well to business unit and workforce income because the value of the Type I and Type II Multiplier Income Ratios was greater than one, both before and during the pandemic. TWA Gunung Papandayan applies temperature checks and vaccine certificates or antigen results, maintains distance and uses masks, provides sinks, medical teams and ambulances, installs billboards or posters and applies visitor capacity as an adaptive strategy. The carrying capacity experiences Under Carrying Capacity (UCC), except for motorcycle and car parking facilities in the RCC and ECC calculations which experience Over Carrying Capacity (OCC) both before and during the pandemic.
Keyword: Keynesian Income Multiplier, Multiplier Effect, OCC, Ratio Income Multiplier, UCC

Judul: The Economic Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic and the Health Protocols Carrying Capacity Based Tourism Management at Boonpring Andeman Malang
Abstrak: Pada akhir tahun 2019 terjadi kasus penyebaran virus corona (Covid-19) yang berdampak pada aktivitas ekonomi di Indonesia, dimana salah satu sektor ekonmi yang merasakan dampak yang besar adalah pariwisata. Dampak pandemic terhadap aktivitas wisata juga dirasakan di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman. Terlaksananya kegiatan wisata berbasis protokol kesehatan di Kawasan Wisata Boonpring Andeman dengan membatasi jumlah pengunjung dapat selaras dengan daya dukung kawasan agar kawasan wisata dapat berkelanjutan dengan menjaga keamanan, kenyamanan, serta kelestarian sumberdaya alam. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) mengestimasi dampak ekonomi dan lingkungan sebelum dan sesudah adanya pandemi di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman, (2) mengestimasi kapasitas daya dukung kawasan apabila terlaksananya upaya pembatasan sesuai protokol kesehatan Covid-19 di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman, (3) menganalisis pengelolaan wisata Boonpring Andeman yang adaptif terhadap pandemi Covid-19. Metode yang digunakan yaitu multiplier effect, analisis Daya Dukung Kawasan (DDK), dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai Keynesian Income Multiplier di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman menurun, sedangkan nilai Ratio Income Multiplier Tipe I dan II mengalami peningkatan. Kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman masih under carrying capacity dari segi fisiknya. Pengelolaan wisata yang adaptif terhadap pandemi Covid-19 dapat diterapkan di kawasan wisata Boonpring Andeman., At the end of 2019 there were cases of the spread of the corona virus (Covid-19) which had an impact on economic activity in Indonesia, one of which was from the tourism sector. This pandemic has implications for activities from the tourism sector, including in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area. The implementation of health protocols by limiting the number of visitors can be in line with the carrying capacity of the area so that tourist areas can be sustainable by maintaining security, comfort, and the preservation of natural resources. The objectives of this study are: (1) to estimate the economic and environmental impacts before and after the pandemic in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area, (2) to estimate the carrying capacity of the area if the restrictions are implemented according to the Covid-19 health protocol in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area, (3) analyzing the management of Boonpring Andeman tourism which is adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic. The method used is the multiplier effect, analysis of Regional Carrying Capacity (DDK), and descriptive analysis. The results showed that the value of the Keynesian Income Multiplier in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area decreased, while the value of the Ratio Income Multiplier Type I and II increased. The Boonpring Andeman tourist area is still under carrying capacity from a physical point of view. Tourism management that is adaptive to the Covid-19 pandemic can be applied in the Boonpring Andeman tourist area.
Keyword: carrying capacity, multiplier effect, new normal, physical and social restrictions

Judul: Sintesis Flavon dari Fenol dan Benzoil Klorida
Abstrak: Flavone is a class of flavonoid, commonly found in plants with wide bioactivity spectrum. A widely used flavone synthesis route is through acidcatalyzed oxidative cyclization of β-diketone. In this study, unsubstituted flavone had been synthesized via 5-step from phenol, with 22% yield and successfully increased the yield of previous study on Fries rearrangement of phenyl acetate and benzoylation of o-HAP steps. Phenol was acetylated resulting 93% phenyl acetate. AlCl3-catalyzed Fries rearrangement in 1.5 hour and at 120 °C converted phenyl acetate into o-hydroxyacetophenone (o-HAP) with 40% yield. AlCl3 as catalyst produced o-HAP with higher and reproducible yield compared with BF3·Et2O and ZnCl2. Benzoylation of o-HAP followed by Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement of the ester product using KOH in dried pyridine produced β-diketone 1-(2- hydroxyphenyl)-3-phenylpropane-1,3-dione. The yield of ester and β-diketone were 71% and 85%, respectively. Finally, oxidative cyclization of β-diketone with sulphuric acid as catalyst produced 99% of flavone. The flavone product had been characterized spectroscopically and its melting point as well.
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