Judul: In Vitro Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activity of Maja Leaf Extract and Trigona Honey
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proporsi ekstrak daun maja terhadap inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase, aktivitas antioksidan, dan jenis fitokimia madu trigona. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan bahan alam yang secara tradisional digunakan pada pengobatan diabetes masyarakat Sulawesi selatan. Penelitian dimulai dengan memetik daun maja segar lalu keringkan dan dijadikan ekstrak. Ekstrak yang dihasilkan kemudian dicampurkan dengan madu trigona raw dengan proporsi madu trigona saja (FI), madu trigona campur ekstrak daun maja proporsi sama (FII), ekstrak daun maja saja (FIII), madu trigona yang dua kali lebih besar dari ekstrak daun maja (FIV), dan ekstrak daun maja lebih besar dua kali dari madu trigona (FV). Setelah jadi kelima formulanya masing-masing diuji fitokimia secara kualitatif (flavonoid, alkaloid, tanin, triterpenoid, steroid, saponin, quinon), uji aktivitas antioksidan dengan metode DPPH, uji inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase. Hasil uji fitokimia menunjukkan madu trigona hanya mengandung flavonoid dan tanin, sedangkan ekstrak daun maja dan campurannya dengan madu trigona memiliki hasil positif pada flavonoid, tanin, steroid, dan saponin. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan FI (IC50 2.524 ppm) aktivitas antioksidan sangat lemah, FII (IC50 196 ppm) kategori antioksidan lemah, FIII (IC50 201 ppm) dan FIV (IC50 225 ppm) antioksidan yang sangat lemah, FV (IC50 147 ppm) kategori antioksidan sedang. Hasil uji inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase paling tinggi pada FV (IC50 300,74 ppm), lalu FIII (IC50 493,54 ppm), dan FIV (IC50 847,95) sedangkan untuk FI dan FII dianggap tidak dapat menginhibisi enzim α-glukosidase., This study aims to determine the effect of the maja leaves extract proportion to the α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition, the antioxidant activity and the phytochemical type of trigona honey. The design study applied a complete random design with natural ingredients which traditionally used in a diabetic treatment of people in South Sulawesi. The study process began by pick fresh maja leaves and drying them for making extracts. These extracts then mix with raw trigona honey under several proportions: F1 (only contains trigona honey), FII (trigona honey mixed with maja leaves extract under the same proportion), FIII (only contains of maja leaves extract), FIV (trigona honey and maja leaves extract under ratio of 2 :1) and FV (trigona honey and maja leaves extract under ratio of 1 :2). After the five formulas had been created, each formula was tested qualitatively for the phytochemical content (flavonoid, alkaloid, tannin, triterpenoid, steroid, saponin, and quinones). Next, a test for antioxidant activity by employing DPPH method was conducted which followed by α-glucosidase enzyme inhibition test. From the phytochemical test, it showed that trigona honey only contained flavonoid and tannin compounds, whereas maja leaves extract and its mixture (with trigona honey) obtained a positive result of flavonoid, tannin, steroid, and saponin contents. Meanwhile, the antioxidant activity results are categorizedas follow: FI (IC50 2,524 ppm) has a very weak antioxidant activity, FII (IC50 196 ppm) has a weak antioxidant activity, FIII (IC50 201 ppm) and FIV (IC50 225 ppm) have a very weak antioxidant activities, FV (IC50 147 ppm) has a moderate antioxidant activity. The results of the α-glucosidase inhibition test was found as the highest value in FV (IC50 300.74 ppm), then FIII (IC50 493.54 ppm), and FIV
Keyword: a-glukosidase, antioksidan, ekstrak, maja, madu trigona

Judul: Antidiabetic Activity In Vitro and Organoleptic Test from Combination Black Tea, Turmeric, and Ginger Extract
Abstrak: Teh hitam (Camellia sinensis L), kunyit (Curcuma longa L.), dan jahe (Zingiber officinale) merupakan tanaman yang berpotensi menjaga kadar gula darah pada penderita diabetes melitus. Namun, dasar ilmiah mengenai kombinasi teh hitam, kunyit, dan jahe dalam inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase masih terbatas. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan kombinasi ekstrak teh hitam, kunyit, dan jahe yang paling optimum terhadap inhibisi α-glukosidase serta uji organoleptik pada kombinasi aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase paling optimum. Metode penelitian meliputi analisis fitokimia, aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase, dan uji organoleptik. Ekstrak etanol kunyit sebagai ekstrak terbaik dengan nilai IC50 sebesar 9,48±0,05 μg/mL. Aktivitas inhibisi α-glukosidase tertinggi pada kombinasi F7 yang terdiri dari ekstrak teh hitam, kunyit, dan jahe sebesar 67,86±0,93 %. Uji organoleptik kombinasi F7 menunjukkan tingkat kesukaan tertinggi oleh P3 dan P2 pada warna, aroma, konsistensi, dan aftertaste, sedangkan rasa pada P3. Simpulan penelitian ini adanya kemampuan kombinasi ekstrak teh hitam, kunyit, dan jahe dalam inhibisi enzim α-glukosidase yang menunjukkan interkasi sinergis., Black tea (Camellia sinensis L), turmeric (Curcuma longa L.), and ginger (Zingiber officinale) are plants that have the potential to maintain blood sugar levels in diabetes mellitus sufferers. However, the scientific basis regarding the combination of black tea, turmeric, and ginger in α-glucosidase inhibition is still limited. Therefore, this study aims to determine the optimum combination of black tea extract, turmeric, and ginger for inhibition of the α-glucosidase and an organoleptic test on the optimum combination of α-glucosidase inhibition activity. The method of the research included phytochemical analysis, inhibitory activity of the α-glucosidase, and organoleptic tests. Turmeric ethanol extract was the best extract with an IC50 value of 9.48±0,05 μg/mL. The highest inhibitory activity of α-glucosidase in combination F7 consisting of black tea extract, turmeric, and ginger was 67.86±0.93 %. The organoleptic test of the combination F7 showed the highest level of preference by the P3 and P2 on the of color, aroma, consistency, and aftertaste, while the taste was in the P3. The conclusion of this study is the ability of the combination of black tea extract, turmeric, and ginger to inhibit the enzyme α-glucosidase which shows a synergistic interaction.
Keyword: black tea, ginger, α-glucosidase, organoleptic, turmeric

Judul: Implementation of Spatio-Temporal Change Query in Relational Database.
Abstrak: Geographic object changes in various views. Object changes are recorded using a model of static storage. No historical connection between old version data and new version data has been built. For that, a storage model of spatio-temporal queries that can analyze spatio-temporal changes has been developed. The object changes the geometry are grouped according to the taxonomy of Spatio-Temporal Pattern Change. This research has been able to apply the query patterns change including born, expand, merge, contract, split, normal and die. This query based on geometric (area) changes. The implementation of spatio-temporal change queries represents an object changes continuously with easy, change detection is done by comparing two versions of data. Keyword: spatio-temporal change query, spatio-temporal change pattern.
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