Judul: The Effectiveness of Ethanolic Extracts of Sambiloto, Adas and Sirih Merah Against Avian Influenza Virus on Broiler Chicken
Abstrak: The use of antiviral drugs had been caused resistance against H5N1 avian influenza virus, thus it was crucial to find more effective alternative medicine. The objective of this research was to study the effect of different concentration of ethanol extract formula of sambiloto, adas, and sirih merah in broiler infected with avian influenza virus. Samples were divided into two groups, vaccinated and unvaccinated. Each groups consist of five treatment, F1-5%, F2-7,5%, F3-10%, F4-simplisia, and control. All broilers were challenged with H5N1 AI virus after treated with herb ethanol-extract. Observations were done on performances, leukocyte differentiation, antibody titer, survival, and antigen distribution in lymphoid organ, liver, and intestine. The results showed that the body weight were statistically not significant (P>0.05) in the 4th and 6th week of old. Evaluation on leukocyte differentiation was also shown not significant statistically. The high level of antibody titer and survival bird was found in broiler treated with 5% ethanol extract of sambiloto, adas, and sirih merah, and vaccinated (II-FI 5%). Antigen distribution in the lymphoid organ, liver, and intestine was quite high in the vaccinated broiler, and vice versa.
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Judul: Potensi Sambiloto, Sirih Merah, dan Adas pada Broiler yang Divaksin dan Ditantang Virus Avian Influenza H5N1: Kajian Histopatologi Organ Limforetikular, Mortalitas, dan Serologis
Abstrak: Avian influenza virus caused great loss in public health, economy, and potentially caused pandemic. In human, use of antiviral drugs has believed causing appeared the antiviral-resistant srain of Avian Influenza (AI) virus. Thus it was crucial to find other more effective alternative medicine. The objective of this research was to study the effect of different concentration of ethanol-extract formula of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata Nees), adas (Foeniculum vulgare), and sirih merah (Piper crocatum) in inhibiting H5N1 virus infection in broiler. Broiler were divided into four groups namely control (aquadest), herb extract formulations with three concentrations which were 5%, 7.5%, and 10%. All broilers were vaccinated and challenged with H5N1 AI virus after being treated with herb extract. Observations were done on the mortality, antibody titer, and histopathology of lymphoid organs (spleen, thymus and bursa Fabricius). The result of this study indicated that treatment with ethanol-extract formulations of sambiloto, adas, and sirih merah 5% gave the best ability to inhibit mortality, increasing antibody titer, and reduce the damage of lymphoid organ among the other treatments.
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Judul: Penggunaan Teorema Homeomorphy 2-Manifold dan Teorema Euler Poincare pada Torus 𝑇�� dan Simplicial Complex 𝐾��
Abstrak: Two dimensional topological spaces are said to be homeomorphic if they have the same topological invariant, where one of topological invariant used is an Euler characteristic. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem and Euler Poincare’s Theorem are used to distinguish two topological spaces. Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem uses Euler characteristic to identify two dimensional topological spaces. Euler Poincare’s Theorem is an alternative way to find Euler characteristic with Betti number, which is topological invariant as well. The objective of this paper is to investigate the homeomorphism of torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾�����. Topological space torus and simplicial complex 𝐾����� have the same Euler characteristic, which is two. Based on Homeomorphy 2-Manifold’s Theorem topological space torus 𝑇����� and simplicial complex 𝐾����� is homeomorphic.
Keyword: simplicial, torus, Euler, homeomorphism, topology