Judul: Perencanaan Sistem Penyaluran Air Limbah Domestik Kota Bekasi
Abstrak: Sewerage system for domestic wastewater is an important part of city infrastructure particularly to prevent environmental pollution. This research aimed to design domestic wastewater sewer system for Bekasi City. This system would convey wastewater towards wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) and communal septic tank (CST). This research used secondary data from related agencies, literature study, and previous research’s result. The method used was off site wastewater treatment plant. Based on analysis result area, area in North Bekasi would use WWTP and in South Bekasi would used CST. Sewerage system for domestic wastewater towards WWTP has been designed to serve 292 blocks. This system need 4 units WWTP. Two units of WWTP were equiped with 3 units drop manhole and every WWTP was equiped with 16-24 pumps. Sewerage system for domestic wastewater towards CST has been designed to serve 43 blocks. This system need 5 units CST. Three units of CST were equiped with 5 units of drop manhole and every CST was equiped with 2-5 pumps.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), wastewater treatment plant., manhole, domestic wastewater, communal septic tank, discharge

Judul: Integration of Planning for Domestic Wastewater Distribution System and Surakarta City Rainwater Runoff
Abstrak: Sistem penyaluran air limbah domestik secara terpusat merupakan salah satu upaya Pemerintah Kota Surakarta untuk mereduksi pencemaran air di badan air. Namun, capaian pelayanan pengolahan air limbah sistem terpusat pada tahun 2020 sebesar 16,62% atau 17.322 (SR). Tujuan penelitian ini merencanakan ulang sistem penyaluran air limbah dengan mengintegrasikan air hujan menuju bangunan penggelontor dan evaluasi sistem penyaluran air limbah Kota Surakarta. Data penelitian berupa data sekunder yang diperoleh dari instansi terkait, studi pustaka, dan hasil penelitian sebelumnya. Kota Surakarta direncanakan sebanyak 528 blok terbagi menuju IPAL Mojosongo, IPAL Pucangsawit, dan IPAL Semanggi secara berturut-turut 171 blok, 169 blok, dan 188 blok. Nilai debit puncak di IPAL Mojosongo, Pucangsawit, dan Semanggi secara berturut turut 1268,95 L/detik, 864,82 L/detik, dan 1697,12 L/detik. Diameter pipa inlet IPAL Mojosongo, IPAL Pucangsawit, IPAL Semanggi berturut-turut sebesar 1.200 mm, 1.600 mm dan 1.600 mm. Perencanaan sistem drainse untuk memenuhui kebutuhan debit penggelontoran. Bangunan penggelontor sebanyak 134 bangunan. Evaluasi berdasarkan perencanaan terjadi perubahan diameter pipa dan perlu adanya penambahan unit pengolahan air limbah agar dapat memenuhi debit inlet, The domestic wastewater distribution system is one of the Surakarta City Government's efforts to reduce water pollution in water bodies. However, the achievement of wastewater treatment services in 2020 was 16.62%, or 17,322 (SR). The purpose of this study is to plan a wastewater system by integrating rainwater from flushing buildings and evaluating the wastewater distribution system of Surakarta City. Research data in the form of secondary data obtained from relevant agencies, literature studies, and the results of previous research. Surakarta is planned for 528 blocks divided into Mojosongo WWTP, Pucangsawit WWTP, and Semanggi WWTP, respectively, 171 blocks, 169 blocks, and 188 blocks. The peak discharge values at Mojosongo, Pucangsawit, and Semanggi WWTPs are 1268.95 L/sec, 864.82 L/sec, and 1697.12 L/sec, respectively. The inlet diameters of the Mojosongo WWTP, Pucangsawit WWTP, and Semanggi WWTP are 1,200 mm, 1,600 mm, and 1,600 mm, respectively. Planning a drainage system to meet the needs of flushing discharge. There are 134 flushing buildings. The evaluation is based on the planning that there is a change in the pipe diameter and it is necessary to add a wastewater treatment unit to meet the inlet discharge.
Keyword: Domestic wastewater, drainage, flushing, sawerage system

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity