Judul: Analisis Konsentrasi Kolesterol Darah dan Lemak Abdomen Ayam Broiler yang Diberikan Pakan dengan Penambahan Propolis Mentah.
Abstrak: Propolis memiliki aktivitas antimikroba dan antioksidan yang mendorong perbaikan kesehatan usus dan meningkatkan pencernaan. Penggunaan propolis mentah untuk menurunkan konsentrasi kolesterol darah dan lemak abdomen ayam broiler belum banyak dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis konsentrasi kolesterol darah dan lemak abdomen ayam broiler yang diberikan pakan dengan penambahan propolis mentah. Day Old Chicken (DOC) sebanyak 36 ekor dibagi ke dalam 6 perlakuan yaitu kontrol, antibiotik, dan empat perlakuan propolis mentah dengan setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 6 ekor. Pakan dan air minum diberikan secara ad libitum. Pemeliharaan dilakukan selama 35 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa penambahan propolis mentah 2,4,6,8 g/kg pakan ayam broiler belum mampu menurunkan persentase lemak abdomen dan kadar kolesterol darah ayam broiler. Akan tetapi, persentase lemak abdomen dan konsentrasi kolesterol darah ayam broiler pemberian propolis mentah lebih rendah dari kelompok kontrol tanpa pemberian propolis mentah.
Keyword: ayam broiler, kolesterol darah, lemak abdomen, propolis mentah

Judul: Analisis Kadar Kolesterol Daging dan Hati Ayam Broiler yang Diberi Penambahan Pakan Propolis Mentah
Abstrak: Propolis mempunyai aktivitas antibakteri dan antikolesterol tetapi belum ada penelitian yang membandingkan bobot badan dan hati ayam broiler yang diberi penambahan pakan propolis mentah dengan pakan yang diberi antibiotik sintetik, serta pengaruhnya terhadap kadar kolesterol daging dan hati ayam broiler. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan efektivitas kerja penambahan pakan dari komposisi optimal propolis mentah dengan antibiotik sintetik dalam meningkatkan bobot badan dan hati ayam broiler serta menguji kadar kolesterol daging dan hati ayam broiler. Ayam broiler dibagi menjadi enam kelompok perlakuan yang terdiri atas kontrol, antibiotik, dan empat perlakuan propolis mentah. Setelah perlakuan selama empat minggu, penambahan propolis mentah konsentrasi 2, 4, 6 dan 8 g/kg pakan tidak dapat meningkatkan bobot badan dan hati ayam broiler. Propolis mentah juga dapat menurunkan konsumsi pakan dan meningkatkan rasio konversi pakan. Propolis mentah pada konsentrasi 4 g/kg pakan menghasilkan perbedaan nyata terhadap penurunan bobot hati, kadar kolesterol daging dan hati ayam broiler.
Keyword: antibiotik, ayam broiler, bobot badan, kolesterol, propolis mentah

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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