Judul: Kajian Efektivitas Implementasi Program Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat di Desa Losarang, Kecamatan Losarang, Kabupaten Indramayu
Abstrak: An ironic thing that Indonesia as maritime country have insufficiency salt problem. Salt is strategic commodities that can be easily produced by evaporation of sea water and policy salts have been issued since the Dutch colonial era. In 2011 the Government of Indonesia make toward self sufficiency salt policy. This research was aimed to analyze the implementation efectivity of Salt Business Empowerment Program (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat or PUGAR). PUGAR is the Government Program to achieve Salt Production Target and increasing the salt farmer welfare. The research design used purposive and snowball sampling to select 70 respondent in Losarang Village at Indramayu. The data were analyzed by using Quantitative Analysis, Qualitative Analysis, SWOT (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats) and MAHP (Modified Analytical Hierarchy Process) . The result showed PUGAR (Pemberdayaan Usaha Garam Rakyat) in Losarang implemented with effectiveness. This is indicated by salt production target achieved and increasing the salt farmer welfare. Implementation PUGAR make salt productivity in Losarang 90,43 ton/ha, increasing salt farmer income, empower 17 the People's Business Group Salt (Kelompok Usaha Garam Rakyat or KUGAR) with the amount of 170 salt farmers, give technological innovation and quality salt production and give job for 778 people as salt farmers, farm workers and transport workers. Obtained result Internal Factor Evaluation (IFE) of salt bussiness is 2,608 and External Factor Evaluation (EFE) is 2,673. Moreover the research calculate salt business feasibility that known from B/C ratio > 1, business profit margin, appropriate salt area owned by farmers, business gap analysis of salt and break even analysis. Break even analysis to determine the selling price of the large volume of salt and salt production business people to reach the point of no profit and no loss (break even).
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Judul: Analisis Pendapatan Usaha Garam Rakyat Berdasarkan Status Lahan dan Penggunaan Zat Aditif (Studi Kasus: Desa Santing, Kecamatan Losarang, Kabupaten Indramayu)
Abstrak: Indonesia is a maritime country with a variety of marine and fishery resources of wealth. One that can be utilized is sea water as a raw material for producing salt. Although it has abundant marine wealth, Indonesia still remains a substantial importer of salt annually. Since 2006 – 2010, the Government of Indonesia imports amounted to 1.731.309 tons, 4, on average per year. Santing village is one of the largest salt manufacturer in Indramayu Regency, while Indramayu Regency is the largest salt producer in West Java. Therefore base on the potential of the area, Indramayu Regency is expected to optimize more the production of salt. Production propotionally compares to income, so the farmers have to increase the production of salt by optimizing the input that is used as a factor of production in order to improve their income. The additives substance named ramsol is used as additional inputs in producing salt by some farmers in the village of Santing and it is good to improve the quality and output of salt, from the results of interviews with 100 respondent, 62 respondents use additives as additional inputs to their salt production, and the rest, 38 respondents do not use additives. The factors that affect the production of salt are the number of windmills, land area, labor and additives. But in a season of 2011 salt farmers who use additives caan improve their salt production on average 85.053,76 kg per ha, while the farmers who do not use additives is only 71.903 .51 kg per ha. The analysis of people’s salt revenues is differed based on the status of the land and the use of additives. Status of land is divided into two categories, first the farmers’s production sharing land (penyakap) and the second is the farmers on the leased land. The highest income will be obtained by the farmers who use additives on their own land. The lowest income will be gained by the farmers whoo do not use additives and they produce on the production sharing land status.
Keyword: income, production, ramsol, additives, salt

Judul: Posisi Filogenetik Kura-Kura Carettochelys Insculpta  (Reptillia: Testudinata)
Abstrak: Carettochelys insculpta is an endemic freshwater turtle of southern Papua and northern Australia. Phylogenetic position of this turtle is remain unresolved until now. Most of the research conducted show close relationships of C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. However, some of the research show distance between C. insculpta and members of Trionychidae family. This research is conducted to analyze phylogenetic relationship between C. insculpta and other members of Testudinata using 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, and both gene as markers. DNA samples were obtained from three different organisms of C. insculpta. Two species used as outgroups were Alligator mississippiensis and Iguana iguana. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out using Neighbor-Joining method with Felsenstein 1981 (F81) modeltest. A polytomy tree of Testudinata was produced by using 12S rRNA gene. However, analysis using 16S rRNA and both genes as markers confirmed that C. insculpta was located between the Chelonidae and the Trionychidae family.
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