Judul: Anatomi Otot Daerah Panggul dan Paha Trenggiling Jawa (Manis javanica)
Abstrak: The purpose of the study was to observe the muscles anatomy of the pelvic and thigh region of javan pangolin (Manis javanica) including the origin and insertion, and functions of the muscles related to pangolin behavior. Two specimen of javan pangolin preserved in 10% formaline was used in the study. The results were then compared with several animals that have related in phylogenic, anatomy and behaviour, from literature that related to the study. The muscles of pelvic and thigh region of javan pangolin that act as flexion and extension were m. tensor fascia lata, m. quadriceps femoris, m. gluteus medius, and m. gluteus superficialis. The muscles were relatively developed to produce maximum flexion and extension activity. The muscles that support adduction activity of hind legs were m. adductor magnus, m. adductor brevis, m. adductor longus, and m. gracillis. The most interesting result of the study was finding of m. abductor that absence in other mammalian muscles reported so far. The origin of the muscle was caudolateral side of os femoris and the insertion was caudodistal os tibia. It presumed that the muscle dominantly works as abduction of hind legs of javan pangolin. The pelvic girdle muscles such as m. psoas minor, m. psoas major, m. quadratus lumborum, and m. iliacus were well developed, thus helping the body to roll up. Therefore, it can be concluded that the muscle structure of the pelvic and thigh region of the javan pangolin have typical characteristics as digger and climber animal, and also support the body to roll up.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University (IPB), pelvic and thigh region, muscles, Manis javanica

Judul: Anatomi Muskuloskeletal Ekor Trenggiling Jawa (Manis javanica)
Abstrak: Penelitian anatomi trenggiling jawa (Manis javanica) masih sedikit dilaporkan namun penting bagi mendukung pelestarian spesies terancam penuh tersebut. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan anatomi muskuloskeletal ekor trenggiling jawa berkaitan dengan fungsi khusus ekor. Sebanyak empat ekor trenggiling jawa diawetkan dalam formalin 10% untuk dijadikan spesimen. Pengamatan dilakukan secara makroskopis terhadap struktur tulang dan otot-otot daerah ekor. Hasil penelitian diuraikan secara deskriptif dan dibandingkan dengan literatur hewan mamalia dan reptil. Berdasarkan hasil pengamatan ditemukan sembilan pasang otot dan satu ligamen pada ekor trenggiling jawa. Bagian dorsal ditemukan m. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis, m. sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis, m. intertransversarius dorsalis caudalis dan ligamentum interspinalia, sedangkan pada bagian ventral ditemukan m. sacrocaudalis ventralis medialis, m. sacro- caudalis ventralis lateralis, m. coccygeus, m. cutaneus caudalis, m. inter- transversarii caudae, dan m. interchevronii. Otot-otot ekor berorigo dari ossa vertebrae lumbales et caudalis, os sacrocoxae dan berinsertio hingga ke ujung ekor. M. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis et lateralis merupakan lanjutan dari otot punggung. Otot ekor ventral lebih berkembang dibandingkan otot ekor dorsal, terlihat pada os chevron dan processus transversus yang berkembang dengan baik. Hasil dari penelitian ini, mendukung dugaan fungsi ekor trenggiling yang kompleks, yaitu menggendong anak, pertahanan saat menggulung, penyangga tubuh dan prehensile, sebagai adaptasi muskuloskeletal ekor trenggiling jawa., Anatomical studies on the Javan pangolin (Manis javanica) are limited but essential to support conservation efforts of this critically endangered animal. The purpose of the study was to describe the musculoskeletal tail anatomy of Javan pangolin in relation to its specialized tail function. Four specimens of pangolins preserved in 10% formalin were used in the study. Comparisons were made with mammals and reptile literatures. A total of nine pairs of tail muscles and one ligament were found in pangolin tail. Dorsal region were found m. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis, m. sacrocaudalis dorsalis lateralis, m. intertransversarius dorsalis caudalis, and ligamentum interspinalia, while the ventral region were found m. sacrocaudalis ventralis medialis, m. sacrocaudalis ventralis lateralis, m. coccygeus, m. cutaneus caudalis, m. intertransversarii caudae and m. inter- chevronii. The tail muscles originate from ossa vertebrae lumbalis et caudalis, os sacrocoxae while insertions were until end of the tail. M. sacrocaudalis dorsalis medialis et lateralis continue from the vertebral column muscles. The ventral tail muscles were more developed than dorsal tail muscles, seen with well-developed os chevron and processus transversus. The Javan pangolin tail was presented with complex tail functions namely for carrying young, roll into ball for defence, postural-prop, and prehensility with adaptation from the tail musculoskeletal tail.
Keyword: Javan pangolin, os chevron, tail muscles, roll into ball

Judul: Katalis Zink Ferit Tersubstitusi Cu untuk Oksidasi Benzil Alkohol
Abstrak: Katalis berperan dalam menurunkan energi aktivasi. Katalis ZnFe2O4 dan ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu disintesis menggunakan metode kopresipitasi untuk digunakan dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol. Katalis dicirikan dengan spektrofotometer inframerah (FTIR) dan difraktometer sinar-X. Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan puncak serapan dari ikatan Zn-O dan Fe-O masing-masing pada rentang 559‒575 cm-1 dan 419‒447 cm-1. Difraktogram menunjukkan terbentuknya fase tunggal Zn0.6Cu0.4Fe2O4 pada katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20%. Benzil alkohol dioksidasi dengan sistem refluks. Konversi benzil alkohol meningkat dengan meningkatnya suhu. Kadar benzaldehida yang dihasilkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan katalis ZnFe2O4 yang tidak tersubstitusi dan yang tersubstitusi Cu 60 dan 80%. Hal tersebut menunjukkan bahwa katalis ZnFe2O4 tersubstitusi Cu 20% memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dalam oksidasi benzil alkohol menjadi benzaldehida dengan kadar benzaldehida 8.763%.
Keyword: Benzil alkohol, katalis, oksidasi, ZnFe2O4