Judul: Ketersediaan dan Kualitas Air di DAS Cisadane
Abstrak: From time to time, conversion of land in Cisadane watershed is increasing. This activity interface the function of land, especially th egreen area in Cisadane watershed that regulates availability of water in Cisadane watershed. The land conversion makes the availability of water and dry and wet season become significant. The increasing of population in Cisadane watershed makes the water supply decreasing because the rate of infiltration is decreasing. The land conversion also makes the increasing of polluting agent into the water. In final, the land conversion makes the supply and demand of water in Cisadane watershed not in balance condition, neither the quantity nor the quantity. Because every water demandhas different condition of quality and quantity to fulfil, a research to study the water quality and availibility in Cisadane watershed is needed.
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Judul: Pengaruh Perubahan Tutupan Lahan DAS Cisadane Hilir terhadap Kualitas Air Sungai Cisadane Hilir Kabupaten Tangerang, Banten
Abstrak: The land usage pattern surround the Cisadane watershed has changed year to year on Cisadane watershed especially at down segment. The change of land usage has effected the quality of water physically, chemically and biologically. The decrement of water quality has relation to the utilization of water resource at Cisadane Watershed especially at down stream. The water resource utilization might be for industrial, husbandry, agriculture land and setlement purposes. Those utilizations duct the wastes to the stream. It could disturb the utilization of clean water. The evaluation to the types of land cover change and water quality of down stream of Cisadane for several years, is needed in order to determine the effect of land cover and water resource utilization to the quality of water. This study is aimed to analyze the impact of land cover to Cisadane watershed especially at the down stream during 2005-2008, examaine the water resource utilization at Cisadane down stream and account the pollution load which is approviate to the sources of contaminants and the carriying capacity. Therefore this study is expected that it can be input of information and give contribution to the management of Cisadane watershed for the some years a head. The condition of Cisadane stream at the transition area of middle part to the stream down is included as the moderate up to worse criteria with the score of WQI 60, 09 – 34,45 while the mouth area of stream is included as worse up to strongly worse with the WQI 57, 56 – 17, 72. The condition is worse nearer to the mouth part. It is caused by the accumulation of pollutant from the downstream and middle stream. The 100% of respondences (180 people) agree that the quality of Cisadane stream water nowadays is in bad condition. They state that Cisadane water is not proper to be used directly for daily purpose, such as for cooking, drinking, bathing and washing. But some of them (56, 67%) still use the water for washing the clothes and bathing. Based on classification result, there are eight land use on Cisadane Watershed area. Land use changing happened in forest, mixed garden, recident area, rice field, fisheries area, bare land, and fields. Land use change on Cisadane watershed area connected to water quality on this area. Some parameters that can used to know the water quality are water temperatures, TDS, BOD, COD, DO, nitrate, ammonia dan nitrite. Based on Classification result on assesment of sources of air, water and land pollution, residencial and industry area were the major producer of liquid wastes on this area. It can be seen from increasing of water pH, COD and BOD parameters. Based on calculation result, the highest pollutant load is mostly predicted coming from some sources (people and husbandry). The TTS is 187.809,23 ton/year, BOD is 36.767,65 ton/year, COD is 18.302,23 ton/year, TN is 1.372,7 ton/year and TP is 166, 39 ton/year. Pollutant load from people and husbandry on Cisadane watershed area for COD,TN parameter still on minimum capability and over capability for BOD, TP and TSS parameter.
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Judul: Anatomi otot-otot ekspresi wajah monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis)
Abstrak: Hewan primata banyak digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis karena memiliki kemiripan anatomi dengan manusia. Evolusi dari otot wajah mamalia yang berhubungan dengan ekspresi wajah dan komunikasi visual terutama pada hewan pimata dalam hal ini otot-otot daerah kelopak mata serta mulut memegang peranan penting (Bennet et al., 1995). Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) adalah slah satu jenis hewan primata di antara 5 hewan primata yang paling banyak digunakan untuk penelitian biomedis (Anonimus, 2000; Anonimus, 2002). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari morfologi otot-otot ekspresi wajah beserta origo dan insersionya untuk melengkapi data dasar anatomi otot pada M. fascicularis. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga ekor preparat monyet ekor panjang yang telah diawetkan dalam larutan formalin 10% dan sebuah tengkorak kepala beserta tulang rahang bawah monyet ekor panjang. Pengamatan yang dilakukan meliputi morfologi otot beserta origo dan insersionya, dan hubungannya dengan variasi ekspresi wajah yang mampu dilakukan monyet ekor panjang, kemudian membandingkannya dengan literatur anatomi manusia, beberapa hewan primata lain, hewan herbivora dan karnivora. Dari hasil pengamatan, pada susunan otot ekspresi wajah monyet ekor panjang ditemukan lima kelompok otot: 1). Kelompok otot kulit kepala yaitu: m. occipitofrontalis (gabungan m. frontalis dan m. occipitalis). 2). Kelompok otot hidung yaitu: m. nasolabialis. 3). Kelompok otot mulut yaitu: m. nasolabialis, m. zygomaticus major, m. zygomaticus minor, m. levator anguli oris, m. depressor anguli oris, m depressor labii inferioris, m. mentalis, m. buccinatorius, m. orbicularis oris dan m. platysma. 4). Kelompok otot telinga yaitu: m auricularis posterior, m. auricularis superior dan m. auricularis anterior. 5). Kelompok otot kelopak mata yaitu: m. orbicularis oculi, m. corrugator supercilii dan mlevator palpebrae superioris. Setiap kelompok otot memiliki berbagai karakteristik baik morfologi maupun origo dan insersio yang berbeda dengan primata. lain, kuda, sapi dan anjing. Hal tersebut menghasilkan variasi fungsi otot yang berbeda sesuai dengan perilaku dan pola hidup.
Keyword: Macaca fascicularis, long-tailed macaque, monkey