Judul: Phenotipic characterization and genetic potential as well as their association with productivity and meat quality on local cattle in Ciamis, West Java.
Abstrak: Ciamis local cattle is a genetic resources that could support meat selfsufficiency particularly in West Java. The introduction of artificial insemination in Ciamis district has been carried out intensively, therefore ciamis local cattle as a genetic resources will dissapear and getting extinct. The identification of qualitative and quantitative traits including their genetic potencies were required for genetic resources development in order to support sustainable meat availability. Leptin and SCD1 (Stearoyl CoA Desaturase1) genes are potential candidates for genetic selection in the livestocks, and they involved in physiological processes. It assumed that polymorphism of Leptin and SCD1 were significantly associated with the productivity, meat quality and fatty acid composition. This study aimed to: 1) identify qualitative and quantitative traits of ciamis cattle, 2) identify the genetic polymorphism, as well as their phylogenetic, 3) identify Leptin polymorphism and their association with productivity and meat quality, and 4) identify polymorphism on SCD1 gene and their association with meat fatty acid composition. The qualitative and quantitative traits were characterized by using 92 over three years old cows. The observed parameters consist of coat colour, body weight and morphological measurements. The average daily gain (ADG) and carcass percentage were observed from 18 and 14 bulls, respectively. They were fatten on concentrates and rice straw for 58 days. Microsatellite loci, i.e INRA35, HEL9, and BM2113, of 92, 78 and 96 samples, respectively were used to analyze the genetic diversity and its phylogenetic tree. Direct sequencing was carried out using 78 samples to identify polymorphism of Leptin gene and their association with ADG, carcass percentage and meat quality, were analysed using 18, 14 and 14 samples, respectively. PCR-RFLP method with AciI restricted enzym was carried out using 14 samples with different genotypes to identify SCD1 gene polymorphism out of 98 samples and their association with meat fatty acid composition. The result showed that the red-brownish coat colour was predominant in ciamis cattle. About 45.0% of population in Tambaksari, and 48.1% of population in Cijulang were proofed this results. The ciamis cattle had frame size between bali and PO cattle. The local cattle in Cijulang subpopulation were larger significantly than Tambaksari subpopulation. This might be due to highly introduction of PO cattle in Cijulang subpopulation. The ADG of ciamis cattle was 0.62 kg ± 0.23 kg/head/day, and their carcass percentage was 51.61% ± 1.8%. Their carcass percentage was similarly with bali, PO, and crossbred cattle. Ciamis cattle had high level of heterozygosity. The genetic diversity of cattle in Tambaksari subpopulation was higher than in Cijulang subpopulation. The cattle in Ciamis has a closer genetic distance with the PO cattle. Leptin gene of ciamis cattle was polymorphic, and there were two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) i.e Arg25Cys and Arg25His. It was found three alleles i.e C, T and H, with the frequencies were 55.5 %, 29.5% and 15.4%, respectively. The new mutation (H allele) was found at Arg25His position, convert amino acid code from arginine to histidine. Leptin gene polymorphisms of ciamis cattle was in high category. There were no association between Leptin gene polymorphisms with ADG, carcass percentage, and meat
Keyword: ciamis cattle, fatty acid, leptin, meat quality, productivity, SCD1

Judul: The association of the single nucleotide polymorphism of Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase (SCD|HinfI) gene with meat quality and production  traits in Bali cattle
Abstrak: Bali cattle (Bos javanicus) is Indonesian native cattle which is the result of domestication of banteng. The Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase gene contributes to the regulation of fatty acids and is associated with carcass quality in Bali cattle. The SCD gene in cattle has a sequence length of 17.088 bp and is located on chromosome 26 consisting of six exons and five introns. This study was aimed to obtain the genetic diversity of the SCD|HinfI gene in beef cattle and its association with meat quality and production traits. A total of 133 blood samples were used in this study. Blood samples of 52 bali cattle were obtained from BPTU Bali Cattle Denpasar, Bali Province. In comparison, other beef cattle were used in this study i.e. Belgian-blue (n=30 cattle) and Limousin (n=14 cattle) from BPTU-HPT Padang Mangatas, Peranakan Ongole (PO) (n=30 cattle) from Village Breeding Center (VBC) Kebumen, and Wagyu (n=7 cattle) from BET Cipelang, respectively. The polymorphism of the SCD|HinfI gene was analyzed using PCR-RFLP technique. The meat characteristics in Bali cattle were analysed using ultrasonography imaging. Genotypic and allelic frequencies, heterozygosity, and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were analyzed using PopGen 1.32 program. The association between SCD gene SNP and meat quality and production traits was analyzed using a t-test. The SNP g.10428C>T was successfully amplified at 51 oC annealing temperature for 15 seconds with a PCR product length of 569 bp. There was homozygous genotype (CC and TT) and heterozygous genotype (CT) of SCD|HinfI gene was found in Bali cattle population with allele frequencies of 0,26 and 0,74, for C and T, respectively. In comparison, in other beef cattle (Belgian Belgian-blue, Limousin, PO, and Wagyu) only CC genotype was found with the C allele frequency of 1,00. The heterozygosity values of expectations (Ho) and observations (He) were 0,44 and 0,39, respectively. The allele frequency SCD|HinfI of Bali cattle was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The SCD gene was associated with backfat thickness marbling score,and percentage of intramuscular fat, but was not associated with growth traits. Thus the SNP g.10428C>T gen SCD could be considered as marker candidate for improving meat quality of Bali cattle.
Keyword: Bali cattle, meat quality, PCR-RFLP, SCD gene, SNP

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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