Judul: Sintesis Pati Jagung Terfosforilasi Melalui Teknik Gelombang Mikro
Abstrak: Phosphorylated starch is one of modified starches which is commonly imported. In general, starch resource to be modified must have more than 25% amylose. This study aimed to synthese phosphorylated starch and evaluate its potency as adosrbent. Corn starch was subjected to phosphorylation through microwave-assisted reaction of starch with a mixture of sodium dihydrogen orthophosphate and disodium hydrogen phosphate. The experiment was designed tooptimizeparameter of pH, microwave power irradiation, and microwave irradiation time. The results showed that the maximumphosphate substitution degree was obtained at a pH of 6, microwave irradiation of 500 W, and a reaction time of 10 minutes. The degree of subtitution ranged from 0.567 to 0.787. The physicochemical properties of the product as swelling capacity, solubility, water binding capacity, and paste clarity were significantly different than that of the unmodified corn starch. The infrared spectrum showed a high peak absorption in the wavenumber of 1651 cm-1, indicating hydrogen bonding formation phosphoric group-water- phosphoric group. In the fingerprint area, there were two new absorption peaks at 1200 and 990 cm-1, which were assigned for the P=O and C-O-P vibrations, respectively. The phosphorylated corn starch adsorbed methylene blue up to 73.3% and mercury up to 73.6%, indicating the prospect of the microwave-assisted synthetic phosphorylated corn starch as an effective adsorbent for heavy metals.
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Judul: Meta-analysis Study and Verification of Annealing  Starch Modification Technique
Abstrak: Pati resisten merupakan fraksi pati yang tidak dapat dihidrolisis oleh enzim pencernaan manusia, akan difermentasi oleh bakteri di usus, dan memiliki berbagai manfaat untuk kesehatan. Berbagai teknik untuk meningkatkan kadar pati resisten dipelajari secara ekstensif. Salah satu cara yang dilakukan adalah dengan modifikasi pati. Metode annealing merupakan salah satu teknik modifikasi pati secara fisik dengan memanfaatkan pemanasan suspensi air pada jumlah air (lebih besar dari 40%), periode waktu tertentu (2-96 jam) pada suhu di antara suhu transisi gelas dan di bawah suhu gelatinisasi. Studi yang mempelajari pengaruh teknik modifikasi annealing terhadap kadar pati resisten yang dihasilkan pada berbagai sumber karbohidrat dengan parameter suhu, waktu, dan jumlah air yang berbeda beda telah banyak dilakukan. Hasil yang sangat beragam ini menyebabkan sulitnya penentuan kondisi parameter annealing yang dapat meningkatkan kandungan pati resisten secara signifikan sehingga perlu dilakukan studi meta-analisis. Meta analisis merupakan metode statistik yang mengumpulkan semua data dari berbagai penelitian tentang suatu topik tertentu dan mengambil kesimpulan komprehensif secara kuantitatif. Penelitian ini terdiri dari tiga tahapan. Tahapan pertama adalah studi meta analisis untuk menentukan kondisi parameter annealing yang dapat meningkatkan kandungan pati resisten secara signifikan. Studi meta-analisis menunjukkan bahwa annealing terhadap pati kelompok biji-bijian terutama gandum pada jumlah air inkubasi 80%, suhu 50-54°C, dan waktu 12-24 jam dapat meningkatkan pati resisten secara signifikan. Pati dengan tipe kristalin A mengalami peningkatan kadar pati resisten yang signifikan. Hasil funnel plot menunjukkan adanya bias publikasi sehingga perlu dilakukan verifikasi terhadap hasil meta-analisis di laboratorium dengan jumlah air inkubasi 80% pada suhu 50 °C dan waktu 20 jam. Tahapan kedua adalah modifikasi pati gandum sesuai dengan hasil meta-analisis. Tahapan ketiga adalah karakterisasi pati gandum termodifikasi annealing. Pati gandum termodifikasi menunjukkan peningkatan kadar pati resisten yang signifikan dari 0,47% menjadi 1,02%, meningkat sebesar 117%. Hal tersebut berbanding terbalik dengan terjadinya penurunan jumlah digestible starch yang signifikan (15,59%). Hal tersebut mungkin disebabkan oleh penyempurnaan kristalin pati, interaksi antar rantai amilopektin-amilopektin, amilosa-amilosa, amilopektin-amilosa, dan pembentukan kompleks amilosa-lipid. Perubahan profil gelatinisasi terjadi pada pati termodifikasi, yaitu penurunan viskositas maksimum dan viskositas akhir serta peningkatan stabilitas panas dan retrogradasi. Berdasarkan profil gelatinisasinya, pati gandum termodifikasi annealing memiliki karakteristik stabil dalam pemanasan dan sesuai untuk aplikasi dalam bentuk pangan dalam kaleng, Resistant starch is a starch fraction that cannot be hydrolyzed by human digestive enzymes and will be fermented by gut bacteria. It offers various health benefits. Therefore, numerous techniques to increase resistant starch content have been studied extensively such as starch modification. Annealing is one of physical starch modification techniques which applies heat on starch suspension at a certain combination of temperature (between glass transition temperature and gelatinization temperature), water ratio (above 40%) and time (2-96 hours). There have been many studies applying annealing on various carbohydrate sources with different combination of annealing parameters. These studies resulted in contradictory effects on resistant starch content. Some studies increased it while others decreased resistant starch content. These very diverse results hinder the effort of optimally increasing resistant starch content by annealing. Therefore, a meta analysis study to determine starch source and annealing parameters influence on resistant starch was necessary. Meta-analysis is a study which
Keyword: annealing, meta-analysis, resistant starch, starch modification

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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