Judul: Pengaruh infusum daun Alpukat dalam menghambat pembentukan kristal pada ginjal tikus
Abstrak: The objective of this research is to explore the influence of infusum of avocado leaves by the inhibition activity of crystallization formation in the rat kidneys. Twenty heads of white male rats with body weight average of 200-250 grams were used in this research. The animals were divided into four groups, A,B,C dan D, five animals each, respectively. Group A as control received drinking water ad libitum, group B as positive control received ethylene glycol solution, group C received ethylene glycol and 5% of infusum avocado leaves and group D received ethylene glycol and 10% of infusum avocado leaves. Blood sample were aspirated intracadially for kidney function test and kidney slides for histopathologic examination. The results show that the ethylene glycol reduce glomeruler filtration rate and alters the morphologic structure of renal glomeruli and tubules. The crystal formation is formed after ethylene glycol drenching and fragmented/polarized after administration of infusum avocado leaves. The formation and polarization process of crystallization will be discussed in details.
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Judul: Aktivitas Ekstrak Daun Alpukat Terhadap Perbaikan Ginjal Tikus Akibat Induksi Etilen Glikol
Abstrak: Based on data from WHO been 80% of world population has been used plant extract as a medicine. The objective of this research was to study the histopathological lesions of rat kidneys induced by ethylene glycol and treated by ethanol extract of avocado leaves. This study is a continuation of Adha’s experiment (2009) with the experimental design as follows: 20 male rats were divided into four groups, negative control group (KN) who were given only distilled water, positive control group (KP), which provided adlibitum inducer, the first treatment group (E100) is given inducer and avocado leaves ethanol extract dose of 100 mg/kg BB, and the second treatment groups were given inducer and avocado leaves ethanol extract dose of 300 mg / kg BW. Treatment was given for 10 days, at day-11 rats euthanized, and kidney organs were taken for histopathology and stained with Hematoxylin-Eosin. The histopathological study showed edema, protein deposition, hyaline droplets and tubular necrosis. Statistical analysis showed that administration of ethanol extract of avocado leaves could not reduce the incidence of glomerular edema, hyaline droplet and protein deposition of tubules, but it can significantly inhibit the formation of tubular necrotic. Ethanol extract of avocado leaves contain flavonoids that work as antioxidants and diureticum that can inhibit the formation of tubular necrotic.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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