Judul: Kualitas Mikrobiologis Sosis Fermentasi yang diberi Probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 atau Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4
Abstrak: Daging merupakan bahan pangan sumber protein hewani yang memiliki nilai gizi yang cukup tinggi sehingga bagi mikroorganisme daging merupakan media pertumbuhan yang baik. Daging mudah rusak oleh kontaminasi mikroba patogen dan dapat mengalami pembusukan. Oleh karena itu diperlukan diversifikasi produk olahan daging untuk menarik minat dan mempertahankan kualitas daging. Salah satu produk olahan daging adalah sosis fermentasi yang dalam proses pembuatannya ditambahkan bakteri asam laktat. Penggunaan bakteri asam laktat dalam sosis fermentasi untuk menghambat pertumbuhan mikroba yang bersifat toksik. Bakteri asam laktat yang digunakan dalam penelitian in adalah bakteri asam laktat yang bersifat probiotik yaitu L. plantarum 2C12 dan L. acidophilus 2B4. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh penambahan probiotik Lactobacillus plantarum 2C12 atau Lactobacillus acidophilus 2B4 terhadap kualitas mikrobiologis dalam produk sosis fermentasi.
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Judul: Kualitas Sosis Fermentasi Daging Domba Dengan Penambahan Probiotik Lactobacillus Plantarum Iia-2c12 Atau Lactobacillus Acidophilus Iia-2b4
Abstrak: Probiotik adalah sekelompok mikroorganisme yang banyak digunakan untuk meningkatkan fungsi dari berbagai bahan makanan, termasuk daging domba. Daging domba mengandung nilai gizi yang tinggi serta fleksibilitas untuk diolah ke berbagai produk, termasuk sosis, meskipun terdapat kendala bau pregus yang tidak diinginkan dan umur simpan dari produk berbasis domba. Probiotik, terutama dari bakteri asam laktat (BAL) dapat mengatasi masalah ini karena kemampuan BAL memproduksi senyawa antimikroba, senyawa yang dapat mengatur rasa serta sifat fisik dan sifat kimia dari produk. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji peranan probiotik sosis fermentasi daging domba dengan penambahan Lactobacillus plantarum IIA-2C12 dan Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4 selama penyimpanan 21 hari pada suhu dingin serta mempelajari asam lemak, asam amino dan kolesterol yang terbentuk pada sosis fermentasi tersebut. Penelitian ini mengunakan pola rancangan acak lengkap untuk perlakuan perbedaan kultur bakteri asam laktat dan rancangan acak lengkap pola faktorial dengan dua perlakuan yaitu perbedaan kultur bakteri asam laktat dan penyimpanan suhu dingin. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa berdasarkan jumlah bakteri asam laktat, sosis fermentasi yang dihasilkan memenuhi kriteria sebagai pangan probiotik. Penambahan L. plantarum IIA-2C12 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 memberikan perbedaan yang signifikan pada pH, TAT, tekstur, kadar abu, kadar protein, kadar lemak dan kadar karbohidrat. Penambahan L. plantarum IIA-2C12 lebih rendah daripada L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 yang memberikan perbedaan signifikan terhadap penurunan kolesterol pada sosis fermentasi. Aktivitas proteolisis pada sosis fermentasi meningkat disebabkan penambahan L. plantarum IIA-2C12 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 meningkatkan jumlah asam amino produk. Asam amino tirosin dan lisin dengan penambahan L. plantarum IIA-2C12 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 memberikan perbedaan signifikan. Selain itu, sosis fermentasi dengan penambahan L. plantarum IIA- 2C12 dan L. acidophilus IIA-2B4 memberikan perbedaan signifikan pada asam lemak miristoleat (C14:1), pentadekanoat (C15:0), heneikosanaat (C21:0) dan cis- 11-eicosatrienoat (C20:1). Hal ini karena aktivitas lipolitik probiotik selama fermentasi.
Keyword: Lactobacillus acidophilus IIA-2B4, Lactobacillus plantarum IIA- 2C12, sosis fermentasi, daging domba.

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite