Judul: Sintesis Mono-diasilgliserol (M-DAG) dari Destilat Asam Lemak Minyak Sawit (DALMS) Melalui Esterifikasi Enzimatis.
Abstrak: Mono-diacylglycerol (M-DAG) are emulsifiers in food industries with GRAS (Generally recognized as safe) statuta. M-DAG can be synthesized by chemical or enzymatic way. Biosyntheses of M-DAG can be catalyzed by lipase enzyme with three ways; esterification fatty acid with glycerol, hydrolysis triglicerida and transesterification. The objectives of this research was to look for the optimum conditions (solvent, time and temperature reaction) to syntheses of M-DAG by enzymatic esterification of PFAD (Palm Fatty Acid Destilate) and glycerol using lipase. Substrat ratio of PFAD: glycerol in this research was 2 : 3 with 1g of total mass and 4% of lipase from total substrat. This research used a central composite design (CCD) with 20 unit experiments and respon surface model to evaluated the effects of solvent, time and temperature reaction to syntheses of M-DAG. The product of M-DAG were evaluated the physicochemical properties including melting point, free fatty acid and iodine value. The result showed that optimum conditions to syntheses of M-DAG for yield parameter were 54o C, 14 hours and 11 ml of tertier-butanol as solvent and were chosen as optimum conditions for syntheses of M-DAG due to the maximal yield (58%) and high MAG fraction. From statistic analysis, yield parameter model has significantly affected (P= 0,0449< 0,1) and had high coefficient of correlation (r = 0,8591). The verification of the optimum conditions had coefficient of varian 6,66% and 51,66% for yield, which consist of 78,31% with coefficient of varian 8,70% for MAG fraction and 21,69% for DAG fraction with coefficient of varian 31,6%. The melting point of M-DAG was 57,0-62,5o C, free fatty acid content was 0,75% and iodine value was 16,7.
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Judul: Sintesis Mono-diasilgliserol Berbasis Gliserol dan Palm Fatty Acid Distillate
Abstrak: Mono-diasilgliserol (M-DAG) adalah emulsifier yang banyak digunakan dalam industri. M-DAG dapat dihasilkan dari proses esterifikasi antara asam lemak dan gliserol. Gliserol yang digunakan merupakan gliserol hasil samping produksi biodiesel yang telah dimurnikan, sedangkan sumber asam lemak bebas yang digunakan yaitu Palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD). Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan suhu dan rasio molar antara gliserol dan PFAD yang terbaik dalam menghasilkan M-DAG. Tahapan pada penelitian ini meliputi pemurnian gliserol, karakterisasi bahan baku, sintesis produk, dan karakterisasi produk. Reaksi esterifikasi antara gliserol dan PFAD terjadi selama 75 menit dengan katalis MESA -dan penambahan zeolit dengan perlakuan rasio molar 1:2, 1:3, dan 1:4 pada suhu 150°C dan 160°C. Berdasarkan hasil karakterisasi produk, diketahui bahwa semakin rendah suhu maka rendemen yang didapat semakin tinggi dan produk berkarakteristik putih dan kering, sedangkan semakin tinggi suhu maka stabilitas emulsi semakin baik serta kadar ALB semakin rendah. Selanjutnya semakin rendah rasio molar maka tingkat kecerahan M-DAG lebih tinggi, sedangkan semakin tinggi rasio molar maka kadar ALB semakin rendah.
Keyword: Gliserol, PFAD, Mono-diasilgliserol, M-Dag, Limbah biodiesel, Palm fatty acid, Esterifikasi, Disstillate

Judul: Etno-ornitologi Burung Kancilan Flores (Pachycephala nudigula nudigula Hartert 1897) pada Masyarakat Lio di Taman Nasional Kelimutu
Abstrak: Bare-throathed whistler is one of several wild birds in Kelimutu National Park (TNKL) that is believed to have correlation with Lio Community‟s belief. The estimation of Bare-throated whistler‟s population in Kelimutu National Park was about 186.41-1668.07 individual by the density about 0.0389-0.3481 ind/ha with the sex ratio 6.2:1 that spreaded on area with height of 1100 – 1600 masl. The characteristic of Bare-throated whistler‟s habitat is a natural forest with various canopy level, high plant species diversity and high density. The habitat characteristics related to the availability of food in the form of insects, cover, safety and a nesting site. Generally the most of Lio community knew the existence of Bare-throated whistler directly or from their parents‟ stories. The perceptions of Lio Community to the Bare-throated whistler‟s existence is generally support the conservation efforts. The perceptions construct the Lio Community‟s atitude that tend to be conservative to the existence of Bare-throated whistler. The attitude shown by their behavior that not cathing the Bare-throated whistler from the TNKL‟s area or the outside. The attitude have an important role to the existence of Bare-throated whistler in Kelimutu National Park‟s area.
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