Judul: Estimation of Economics Loss Because of COVID-19 Towards Trade Sectors in Pekanbaru City
Abstrak: Pandemic COVID-19 was striking Indonesia in the early 2020, which certainly brought impacts toward many sectors in the country, including trade sector. The governments has applied new rules and regulations to adapt with the new normal situation during the pandemic COVID-19, such as Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar (PSBB), and then proceed to get the society to adapt with the new normal environment. These new regulations has certainly bring huge impact to small to medium business enterprises where they experience massive loss in their income. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to: (1) analyze the perception of the business owner towards COVID-19 and the applied regulations in Pekanbaru City, (2) estimate the loss in the food, clothing, apothecary business, (3) analyze the business risk level towards mall, minimarket, traditional market, (4) analyze strategy steps in recovery of the trade sector. This research used Likert scale, income loss, risk assessment and descriptive analysis. The result of the research shows that the society’s perception towards PSBB policies has significant effect towards economy sector. However, COVID-19 case is not too high, it’s the opposite side with new normal where the society agreed that getting vaccinated is one of the best way so that the activity can be normal again. The estimated loss for clothing business is IDR 65 billion rupiah, traditional market loss is about IDR 10 billion rupiah, meanwhile apothecary experience significant raises in income for IDR 12 billion rupiah. Meanwhile, risk assessment were split to 3 assessment, which is risk assessment towards mall, minimarket, and traditional market. The mitigation done to improve the new health protocol, vaccine as a new mandatory for activities, and starts using PeduliLindungi to visit controlled malls and minimarket. Steps and strategies that are done to minimize the spread of COVID-19 is to improve marketplace and websites for malls, provide the facility for small medium enterprises to do sales promotion, and provide vaccine supplies for the society., Indonesia memasuki pandemi COVID-19 pada tahun 2020, mengakibatkan sektor perdagangan terdampak. Pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Bersekala Besar) kemudian dilanjutkan dengan adaptasi kebiasaan baru (new normal). Akibat kebijakan tersebut unit usaha mengalami kerugian. Maka dari itu, tujuan dari penelitian ini: (1) menganalisis persepsi pelaku usaha terhadap COVID-19 serta kebijakan yang telah diberlakukan di Kota Pekanbaru, (2) mengestimasi besar kerugian pelaku usaha sandang, pangan, apotek, (3) menganalisis tingkat risiko usaha terhadap mal, swalayan, pasar, (4) menganalisis langkah strategi dalam pemulihan sektor perdagangan. Penelitian ini menggunakan skala likert, kehilangan pendapatan, penilaian risiko, dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persepsi pelaku usaha kebijakan PSBB berdampak terhadap perekonomian namun kasus COVID-19 tidak terlalu tinggi berbanding terbalik dengan new normal dan pelaku usaha setuju bahwa vaksin menjadi salah satu syarat beraktivitas agar kegiatan kembali normal. Total kerugian pada toko pakaian Rp.65.000.000.000, pedagang pasar mengalami kerugian Rp.10.000.000.000, apotek mengalami kenaikan Rp.12.000.000.000. Penilaian risiko dibagi menjadi 3 yaitu penilaian risiko terhadap mal, swalayan, pasar. Mitigasi yang dilakukan peningkatan protokol kesehatan, vaksin sebagai salah satu syarat kegiatan, serta mulai mengggunakan pedulilindungi agar pengunjung dapat terkontrol. Langkah dan strategi untuk meminimalisir kerugian adalah pengembangan marketplace web untuk mal, penyediaan
Keyword: policies, economic loss, risk assessment, shopping place

Judul: Estimasi Kerugian Ekonomi Akibat Covid-19 Terhadap Kunjungan Wisatawan Di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Tahun 2020 tepat di bulan Maret terjadi penurunan kunjungan wisatawan ke Kota Bogor karena pandemi Covid-19 dan dampak dari kebijakan PSBB (Pembatasan Sosial Berskala Besar). Situasi ketidakpastian di sektor pariwisata yang muncul akibat Covid-19 harus segera diselesaikan melalui mitigasi dan alokasi risiko. Dampak Pandemi Covid-19 juga memukul pelaku usaha di sektor pariwisata. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) Mengestimasi penurunan kunjungan wisatawan di Kota Bogor akibat adanya Covid-19 (2) Mengestimasi besar kerugian ekonomi pariwisata akibat adanya Covid-19 di Kota Bogor (3) Mengidentifikasi risiko terhadap pariwisata akibat Covid-19 di Kota Bogor (4) Mengidentifikasi langkah dan strategi yang dilakukan dalam pemulihan pariwisata di Kota Bogor. Metode yang digunakan yaitu pendapatan yang hilang, penilaian risiko, dan analisis deskriptif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan pandemi Covid-19 telah menyebabkan penurunan penerimaan sektor pariwisata pada objek wisata, restoran dan hotel. Risiko dengan kelas risiko tinggi adalah kategori risiko permintaan dan kelas risiko menengah pada kebijakan pemerintah dengan semua sub kategori. Langkah yang diambil untuk pemulihan pariwisata adalah meyakinkan bahwasanya pelaku usaha industri pariwisata dan pemerintah sudah mengaplikasikan standar keamanan serta kesehatan yang memadai., In March 2020 there was a decline in tourist visits to Bogor City due to the Covid-19 pandemic and the impact of the PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restrictions) policy. The situation of uncertainty in the tourism sector that has arisen due to Covid-19 must be solved immediately by means of mitigation and risk allocation. The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has also hit businesses in the tourism sector. This study aims to: (1) Estimate the decline in tourist visitor in Bogor City due to Covid-19 (2) Estimate the economic loss of tourism sector due to Covid-19 in Bogor City (3) Identify risks to tourism due to Covid-19 in Bogor City (4) Identify management steps and strategies in efforts to recovery tourism in Bogor City. This research uses the loss of earnings method, risk assessment, and descriptive analysis. The results of this study showed the Covid-19 pandemic has caused a decline in revenue in the tourism sector at tourism objects, restaurants and hotels. The risk with high risk class is the demand risk category and the medium risk class on government policies with all sub categories. The effort should be tourism recovery are to provide assurance that the government and tourism industry have implemented health and safety standards.
Keyword: descriptive analysis, loss of earnings, risk assessment

Judul: Hydrothermal Synthesis of Biphasic Calcium Posphate
Abstrak: Biphasio calsium phosphate (BCP), which was a mixture of hydroxypatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP), was synthesized by hydrothermal method followed by sintering process. Hydroxyapatite was produced by using natural calcium source CaO from hen's eggshell and (NH4)2HPO4 as phosphate souce, other hydroxyapatite sample was produce by using synthetic calcium source Ca(OH) and H3PO4 as phosphate source.
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