Judul: Identification of Pheromone Binding Protein Gene of Yellow Rice Stem Borer Scirpophaga Incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)
Abstrak: The yellow rice stem borers (YRSB) moth, Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is known as the most major rice stem borer in tropical Asia. Pesticides are not effective to control the population of these insects due to almost entire larvae phase and pupae are in the rice stem. Hence, other control technique is needed such as based on the mating behaviour. Pheromone binding protein (PBP) in male S. incertulas antennae plays a role in the recognition of sex pheromone produced by the female, therefore influenced in their mating behavior. The aim of this study was to identify PBP gene of S. incertulas. For the purpose to collect imagoes as DNA source, S. incertulas were reared. Touchdown PCR and touchdown-nested PCR were the main techniques conducted to identify genomic of PBP gene from S. incertulas and revealed 700 and 600 bp amplicons, respectively. Those amplicons strongly expected as PBP gene. Sequence analysis of S. incertulas from touchdown-nested amplicon identified 575 bp which was consisted of 169 bp of exon 3 and 406 bp of intron 2. This study revealed putative amino acid sequences of exon 3 from S. incertulas has one conserved cysteine while other Lepidopterans PBP have three conserved cysteine. In phylogenetic analysis, the putative amino acid sequences obtained, showed a phylogenetic signal i.e. by clustering with PBPs from other Crambidae moths. The result of this study is important as a basic data for PBP expression analysis in female or male S. incertulas as the initial step to develope new insect biocontrol.
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Judul: Karakterisasi Gen Odorant Receptor (OR) Parsial Serangga Penggerek Batang Padi Kuning Scirpophaga incertulas (Walker)
Abstrak: Yellow rice stem borer S. incertulas (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is an important insect causes the damage of the rice crop. The females of S. incertulas naturally release sex pheromones and then captured by pheromone binding protein (PBP) in the haemolymph of male antennaes; subsequently sent to the odorant receptor proteins located on the olfactory sensory neuron dendrites on the antennae sensillae membrane which detect the chemical stimuli. The aim of this study was to characterize the odorant receptor (OR) gene that mediates the chemical information systems on the mating behavior of S. incertulas. RNA was extracted from male and female imago antennaes collected from Karawang and from rearing in Indonesian Centre for Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Research and Development (BB-BIOGEN). The OR gene amplification from cDNA was performed by standard PCR, touchdown PCR and nested-touchdown PCR. The characterization of partial OR gene of S. incertulas male successfully performed by using touchdown-nested PCR. The OR partial gene sequence of S. incertulas revealed 133 bp size was homolog to the OR gene sequence of Ostrinia nubilalis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) OnubOR7a (GenBank Accession No. AB597005.1). The homologous part showed that 133 bp sequence of S. incertulas was a candidate of OR genes that mediated the chemical information systems on the mating behavior of yellow rice stem borer. This study also successfully amplified beta-actin gene sequence 681 bp size from both male and female insects as the verification to the success of RNA extraction.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular