Judul: Pengaruh Lama Ketiadaan Inang Spodoptera litura F. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Terhadap Pola Reproduksi Parasitoid Snellenius manilae Asmead (Hymenoptera: Braconidae).
Abstrak: Pengendalian hayati merupakan salah satu solusi dalam masalah hama pertanian yang seharusnya lebih banyak dipraktekkan di lapangan karena lebih ramah lingkungan dan mengurangi dampak buruk dari penggunaan pestisida. Salah satu agens hayati yang dapat digunakan dalam pengendalian hayati adalah parasitoid. Imago betina parasitoid berperan penting dalam pencarian dan pemilihan inang yang sesuai untuk melakukan oviposisi sehingga perilaku reproduksi parasitoid merupakan salah satu tumpuan keberhasilan dalam penggunaan teknik pengendalian hayati. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh lama ketiadaan inang S. litura terhadap perilaku reproduksi parasitoid S. manilae. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Bioekologi Predator dan Parasitoid, Departemen Proteksi Tanaman, Fakultas Pertanian IPB. Penelitian ini terdiri atas 14 perlakuan dengan variasi waktu ketiadaan inang selama 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, dan 7 hari. Ketiadaan inang mempengaruhi perilaku reproduksi parasitoid S. manilae. Ketiadaan inang cenderung meningkatkan parasitisasi dan juga lama hidup imago parasitoid. Ketiadaan inang juga cenderung menyebabkan penurunan jumlah telur yang diproduksi parasitoid. Parasitoid yang diberi inang pada awal kemunculan menjadi imago cenderung memproduksi lebih banyak telur daripada yang tidak diberi inang pada awal kemunculan menjadi imago. Parasitoid dapat langsung melakukan oviposisi walaupun tidak diberi inang selama 7 hari berturut-turut.
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Judul: Pengaruh Lama Ketiadaan Inang Spodoptera litura terhadap Kebugaran Parasitoid Snellenius manilae dengan Menggunakan MANOVA
Abstrak: Snellenius manilae is a parasitoid species that attacks insect pests of plants that can be used as a biological control agent. One of the hosts for this parasitoids is caterpillar Spodoptera litura, a common pest of cabbage. These parasitoids lay eggs on the inside of the host and grow in the host. This study aims to determine the effect of the absence of host parasitoid on the reproductive ability of the parasitoids. Dependent variables in this case are the total parasitoid eggs laid, eggs remaining in the parasitoids’ ovaries after death, parasitoid longevity, number of eggs laid on day 8, and the excess parasitoid eggs laid (superparasitism). The multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) is used in this study to examine the effect of the treatment of multiple responses simultaneously. Testing the multivariate normality assumption, equality of several covariance matrices and degree of freedom. The result of MANOVA analysis shows that the Wilk's Lambda test statistic with p value less than the significance level (0.05). Based on these results it can be concluded that the long absence of the host gives a different effect on parasitoid fitness. Comparison of mean vector treatment on Hotelling T2 test results shows that the long absence of host has significant effect on parasitoid fitness. Test results of profile analyzes of the 14 treatments, there are three treatment groups with profiles that shows parallel and coincident the hypothesis ie treatments of P1 and Control, treatments of P2, P3, P8 and P9 and treatments of P11 and P12.
Keyword: host deprivation, MANOVA, parasitoid

Judul: : Persamaan Tunggal sebagai Representasi Kurva Komposit
Abstrak: A mathematical method is introduced to represent a composite curve based on an extension of analytic geometry. The representation is given either with a single equation or with two equations, in the case of parametric representation. This method permits the representation of composite curves in similar manner to the conventional representation of non-composite curves. Some mathematical tools, including Heaviside unit step function and periodizer function, are used in the establishment of a single equation. In this paper, regular equations of regular and irregular polygon, as well as composite curves of two dimensions, are implemented using a computer algebraic system, Mathematica.
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