Judul: Pengaruh Modal Sosial dalam Keluarga dan Pengasuhan Penerimaan-Penolakan terhadap Karakter Kesadaran dan Kontrol Diri Anak
Abstrak: The decreasing values of kindness among school-age children could be caused by their low conscience and self-control. The aims of this study was to analyze social capital within family, parental acceptance-rejection, and its influence on the character of conscience and self control of the school-age children. Samples frames of this research were the family with the first child is in school-age (10-12 years) who lived in the Situ Gede Village. This research involved 50 samples was randomly taken and interviewed by the questionnaire. The level of social capital within family was measured by instrument that was adopted from Coleman and Hoffer (1987), parenting style measured by Parental Accetance-Rejection Questionnaire (PARQ), the characters was measured by adopted questionnaire from Borba (2001). The results showed that longer father’s formal education is significant correlated with higher character of conscience and self control of the child. Meanwhile, longer mother’s formal education is significant correlated with higher child’s self control and lower father’s violent behavior. Longer age differences between paternal age is significant correlated with lower parental’s neglect behaviour. Characters of conscience and self control correlated with the level of parental closeness, father’s affective behavior, and parental rejection. Regression analysis showed that the characters of conscience and self control of the child are influenced by father's formal education, social capital within family, and parental rejection.
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Judul: Pengaruh Gaya Pengasuhan dan Metode Sosialisasi Orang Tua terhadap Karakter Jujur dan Tanggung Jawab Siswa SMA di Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Parenting style and methods of socialization are believed to be determining factors of a successful child development. The purpose of this research was to analyze the influence of parenting style and methods of socialization on character of high school students in Bogor, especially character of honesty and responsibility. This research was conducted at six schools representing public and vocational high schools with total sample of 200 adolescents consisted of 100 male and 100 female adolescents. The sample criteria were grade 10 students and came from an intact family. The data was collected from May until June 2012. The result showed that there were positive significant correlations between family income and father’s permissive parenting style and mother’s authoritarian parenting style; authoritative parenting style of both parents and methods of socialization of both parents; authoritative parenting style of both parents and adolescent’s character; and between methods of socialization of both parents and adolescent’s character. Contrary to that, significant negative correlations were found between permissive parenting style of both parents and methods of socialization of both parents, and between permissive parenting style of both parents and adolescent’s character. Regression analyses (R2 = 0.267) showed that authoritative parenting style and methods of socialization of mothers were dominant variables which influenced adolescent’s character positively, while permissive parenting style of mothers influenced adolescent’s character negatively.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable