Judul: Managing Inventory of Bread Ingredients using Economic Order Quantity (EOQ) Method In CV Galuh Sari
Abstrak: CV Galuh Sari merupakan salah satu Usaha Mikro, Kecil, dan Menengah (UMKM) yang memproduksi roti tawar, dimana perusahaan tersebut belum memiliki manajemen pengendalian bahan baku yang efektif dan efisien. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) menganalisis jumlah bahan baku optimal sekali pesan, 2) membandingkan total biaya persediaan antara metode perusahaan dengan Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), dan 3) merencanakan pengendalian persediaan bahan baku di tahun 2021 dan 2022. Jenis data terdiri dari data primer dan sekunder. Metode penelitian menggunakan EOQ dan peramalan deret berkala moving average. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa metode EOQ dapat memperkecil frekuensi pemesanan yang optimal dalam satu periode dan dapat menghemat total biaya persediaan sebesar Rp 432.544 pada tahun 2018, Rp 457.485 pada tahun 2019 dan Rp 264.544 pada tahun 2020. Jumlah bahan baku yang diperlukan berdasarkan peramalan pada tahun 2021 mengalami kenaikan dari tahun sebelumnya sebesar 22,4 persen, namun pada tahun 2022 mengalami penurunan sebesar 8,5 persen.
Keyword: EOQ Method, Forecasting, Raw material inventory

Judul: Raw Material Inventory Control of Crackers with Economic Order Quantity at PT XYZ
Abstrak: PT XYZ adalah perusahaan pembuat kerupuk. Perusahaan harus dapat mengendalikan persediaan bahan bakunya sehingga proses produksinya berjalan optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk 1) Mengkaji perencanaan dan pengendalian persediaan bahan baku saat ini di PT XYZ; 2) Menghitung besarnya nilai Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), jumlah pesanan yang diperkirakan dalam satu tahun (N), waktu antar pesanan yang diperkirakan dalam satu tahun (T) dan Reorder Point (ROP); dan 3) Membandingkan efisiensi pengendalian persediaan antara metode EOQ dengan metode pengendalian yang digunakan perusahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan total biaya persediaan yang dikeluarkan berdasarkan kebijakan perusahaan sebesar Rp 140.676.504. Nilai tersebut lebih besar dibandingkan dengan menggunakan metode EOQ. Jumlah persediaan tepung singkong jika menggunakan metode EOQ lebih sedikit yaitu 54.576 Kg, dimana dalam setahun dilakukan 9 kali pemesanan. Aplikasi metode EOQ dapat digunakan sebagai pengendalian persediaan perusahaan sehingga dapat menghemat total persediaan sebesar Rp 127.376.050., PT XYZ is a cracker manufacturing company. The company should be able to control the inventory of raw materials so that the production process runs optimally. This study aims to 1) Examine the planning and control of the current raw material inventory at PT XYZ; 2) Calculate the value of the Economic Order Quantity (EOQ), the number of orders estimated in one year (N), the estimated time between orders in one year (T) and Reorder Point (ROP); and 3) Compare the efficiency of inventory control between the EOQ method and the control method used by the company. The results showed that the total cost of inventory based on company policy was Rp 140.676.504, which was greater than using the EOQ. The amount of cassava flour inventory when using the EOQ method becomes less, namely 54.576 Kg, which 9 orders are made a year. The EOQ method can be used as a company inventory control by saving a total inventory of Rp 127.376.050.
Keyword: raw material inventory, economic order quantity (EOQ)

Judul: Categorization in Macaca fascicularis.
Abstrak: Categorization is an ability to group individuals or events into different classes mediated by conceptualized mental images. There are several levels of categorization and within a taxonomy the levels are nested. At the most concrete level of categorization, all or most members of the category shared common physical attributes that differ from other categories. The higher the level of category, the fewer common attributes between members of the group. In addition to humans, the ability to categorize has also been proposed in animals. One example of categorization in animal is species discrimination. Using matching-tosample task, present experiment tested ability of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) in discriminating dichotomous-stimuli of different animals. The species has been shown to be able to see photos as representations of real object so I used facial photos of humans and animals for the stimuli. First, I tested their ability to classify humans and macaques into separate group. Second, I tested their ability to discriminate their conspecific from other macaques. And the last, I tested whether the subjects were able to discriminate non-human animals from humans. In all of these experiments I found that the subjects showed high performance in categorizing objects, even when I discarded details of visual informations, such as color and local shapes. The ability to identify objects with reduced representation of physical properties means the subjects were able to generalize attributes of members of the group. This would indicate that the subjects created a higher level abstraction. On the other hand, in discriminating intrageneric macaque species I found that they were able to extract uniqueness of each species. More over, I also found that the subjects were able to put photos of non-human animals that shared very few similarities in physical percepts into one group. I suggested that the subjects could create a more abstract concept based on non-percepts relations as a basis to put the objects into one category. Thus, I concluded that M. fascicularis were able to perform multiple levels of categorizations.
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