Judul: Komunitas Burung pemakan buah di Panaruban, Subang:ekologi makan dan penyebaran biji tumbuhan semak
Abstrak: Java has been experiencing a heavy deforestation in the 16th century. Combined with a densely human population, most forests have changed into open land with shrubs and secondary vegetation. To recover disturbed vegetation the role of seed dispersal agents, e.g. frugivorous birds is really important. So, this paper describes the role of frugivorous birds as shrubland seed dispersal agents at Panaruban, Subang. The study was conducted since April 2005 until May 2006. Census of bird fs communities was carried out by point count method, frugivorous bird morphology character was undertaken by capture-mist netting and morphometric, fruit availability was estimated by extrapolation, feeding behavior was observed by behavior method, and interaction of frugivorous birds-plant was carried out by feces-seed content method and seed germination. Bird community hierarchy cluster contained 17 insectivorous guilds, 6 frugivorous guilds, and 3 granivorous and nectarivorous guilds. Frugivorous birds had gape width-height ratio of . 0.90. The highest shrubland fruit abundance was at the secondary forest (63.86 weight kg.ha-1), while the lowest at KT10 (15.65 weight kg.ha-1). The highest feeding rate was 8 fruits/minute Breynia microphylla by Pycnonotus aurigaster, and 9 fruits/minutes by Pycnonotus goiavier. It was dispersed with the shortest distance 176.4 m Melastoma affine by Pycnonotus aurigaster, while Pycnonotus goiavier dispersed the shortest distance Sambucus javanicus was 100.5 m. There was strong interaction between frugivorous bird-fruit by gape width-height and fruit diameter. Abundance and distribution of seed composition in feces varied among bird spesies and plant. Seed germination passing bird guts was more than pulp artificially removal and seed within intact seed.
Keyword: Feeding ecology, West Java, Seed dispersal, Frugivorous Birds

Judul: Interaksi antara Burung Frugivora pada Pohon Pakan di Kawasan Resort Bama Taman Nasional Baluran
Abstrak: Terbatasnya jumlah pohon buah mendorong pemanfaatan bersama pohon-pohon buah sebagai pohon pakan oleh burung-burung frugivora. Hal ini membuka peluang terjadinya interaksi antara burung frugivora. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi pohon pakan dan sebarannya, serta interaksi yang terjadi antara burung frugivora pada pohon pakan. Sebaran jenis pohon pakan diperoleh menggunakan metode eksplorasi. Pengamatan aktivitas burung frugivora dilakukan secara ad libitum sampling dan one zero sampling. Jenis pohon pakan burung frugivora yang teridentifikasi di kawasan resort Bama yaitu Corypha utan, Ficus superba, Syzygium polyanthum, Casearia grewiaefolia, dan Ficus racemosa. C. utan ditemukan di hutan pantai, hutan musim dataran rendah, hutan evergreen dan daerah savana yang terkena invasi Acasia nilotica. F. superba, S. polyanthum, dan C. grewiaefolia ditemukan di hutan pantai sedangkan F. racemosa ditemukan di hutan dataran rendah. Jenis burung frugivora yang teridentifikasi dan diamati perilakunya adalah kangkareng perut-putih dan pergam hijau. Bentuk interaksi yang teridentifikasi pada kedua jenis burung frugivora yaitu netral, kompetisi dan kooperasi.
Keyword: burung frugivora, interaksi, pohon pakan

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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