Judul: Indonesia's Nutmeg Export Performance in Asian and European Markets and Factors Affecting It
Abstrak: Indonesia adalah produsen dan eksportir pala global terbesar, tetapi menghadapi tantangan terkait aflatoksin yang melebihi standar. Akibatnya, terjadi penolakan terhadap pala Indonesia di beberapa negara maju yang menerapkan non-tariff measures (NTM), khususnya di Uni Eropa. Studi ini mengkaji performa ekspor pala utuh dan pala bubuk Indonesia di pasar Asia dan Eropa serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspornya menggunakan analisis constant market share (CMSA) dan regresi data panel. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa permintaan pala utuh dan pala bubuk Indonesia meningkat di Pasar Asia disebabkan oleh ukuran pasar, sedangkan di Pasar Eropa terjadi peningkatan impor pala bubuk yang dipengaruhi oleh ukuran pasar dan daya saing. Harga ekspor, nilai tukar riil dan regulasi SPS berdampak signifikan pada nilai ekspor pala Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, eksportir pala harus memprioritaskan negara-negara yang memiliki permintaan impor pala Indonesia yang konsisten, serta pemerintah harus memberikan insentif dan dukungan untuk meningkatkan kualitas pala tersebut., Indonesia is the largest global producer and exporter of nutmeg, but faces challenges related to aflatoxin exceeding standards. As a result, Indonesian nutmeg has been rejected in several developed countries that apply non-tariff measures (NTM), especially in the European Union. This study examines the export performance of Indonesian whole nutmeg and ground nutmeg in Asian and European markets and the factors that influence their exports using constant market share analysis (CMSA) and panel data regression. The study found that the demand for Indonesian whole nutmeg and ground nutmeg increased in the Asian market due to market size, while in the European Market there was an increase in imports of ground nutmeg which was influenced by market size and competitiveness. Export prices, real exchange rates and SPS regulations have a significant impact on the value of Indonesian nutmeg exports. Therefore, nutmeg exporters should prioritize countries that have consistent import demand for Indonesian nutmeg, and the government should provide incentives and support to improve the quality of nutmeg.
Keyword: Constant Market Share Analysis (CMSA), Export Performance, Nutmeg

Judul: Analysis of competitiveness and factors Affecting Indonesian Nutmeg Export in Non-Traditional Market
Abstrak: Indonesia merupakan negara eksportir pala terbesar didunia. Pala Indonesia cenderung mengalami peningkatan volume ekspor tiap tahunnya, namun perkembangan ekspor pala masih mengalami fluktuasi selama periode 2012-2021. Adapun cara untuk mengoptimalkan ekspor pala Indonesia, yaitu diperlukannya diversifikasi negara tujuan yang dimana pada negara pasar non tradisional. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis daya saing dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi ekspor pala Indonesia di negara pasar non tradisional. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yaitu RCA, EPD, X-Model dan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis RCA menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata nilai RCA pala Indonesia memiliki daya saing yang kuat di 10 negara non tradisional. Hasil EPD menunjukkan pala Indonesia pada posisi rising star, falling star, lost opportunity, dan retreat. Hasil X-Model menunjukkan pengembangan pasar optimis, potensial, dan kurang potensial. Hasil perhitungan regresi data panel menunjukkan GDP perkapita, harga ekspor, jarak ekonomi, nilai RCA dan dummy Covid-19 memiliki pengaruh signifikan dan positif terhadap nilai ekspor. Sedangkan pada variabel nilai tukar riil tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap nilai ekspor pala Indonesia., Indonesia is one of the biggest nutmeg exporters of the worlds. Indonesian Nutmeg tends to experience an increase in export volume each year, but developments in the export volume of nutmeg are still experiencing fluctuations during the 2012-2021 period. As for the way to optimize Indonesia's nutmeg exports, namely the need for diversification of destination countries that are in non- traditional markets. The research methods used are RCA, EPD, X-Model Analysis, and panel data regression. The results showed RCA analysis results showed that Indonesian nutmeg has strong competitiveness in 10 non-traditional countries. EPD results show Indonesian nutmeg in rising star, falling star, lost opportunity, and retreat positions. The X-Model results show optimistic, potential, and less potential market development. The results of panel data regression calculations show that GDP per capita, export prices, economic distance, RCA and dummy Covid-19 index values have a significant positive effect on export values. Meanwhile, the real exchange rate variable has no significant effect on the export value of Indonesian nutmeg.
Keyword: Competitiveness, Nutmeg, Non-traditional market, Panel data regression

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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