Judul: Simulation Model of Sustainable Forage Supply for Dairy Farming in Lembang Sub District West Java
Abstrak: Forage supply is the core issue in dairy farming productivity in Indonesia. The restricted forage supply is mainly due to the limited farming land owened by the farmers. This research was carried out to formulate the simulation model of forage supply sustainability for daory farming in Lembang Sub district, West Java. Method of this research was collecting data from (1) desk study, (2) survey,(3) interview with the stakeholder, (4) FGD (Focuse Group Discussion). The model was built by using the system approach; need assessment, problem formulation, system identification (causal loop and inputoutput diagram) and model formulation. The model simulation software program used in this study was Powersim Studio 2005. There were four submodels built; population submodel, dairy cattle population submodel, economic submodel, and forage availability submodel. Based on the dynamic simulation, it was obtained the amount of population as 207.025 ppl in the end of year simulation (20 years), 15.392 AU for dairy cattle population, 48.722.025 litter for milk production, Rp. 157.372.140.750,00 for the revenue from milk yield, 40.484,52 ton for forage production and 165.492,73 ton for forage requirement. Policy analysis was exceeding from the model built. Sensitivity’s test was the real form of intervention from model structures. It showed how sensitive the model as the changes of output and it showed what the effect resulted. Model validation was done by statistical method; MAPE (Mean Percentage Error). The spatial analysis was done to determine the ecological suitability for forage management.
Keyword: 

Judul: IPB (Bogor Agricultural University)
Abstrak: The main objective of this study was to design an ecofarming model for sustainable farming system on upland agricultural landuse areas, both in Lembang, West Java and Dongko, East Java. The slopes of the land in both areas study were vary between 15%-45%. The first step of the study is aimed to analyze sustainability index of the research areas, using Multi Dimensional Scalling (MDS)-Rapfarm. For the second study, the dynamic system simulation is used as an approach to solve the complexity problem of upland agriculture which is threatened by erosion. The model was constructed by dominant variables as the result of leverage analysis and by five sub models analysis: LEISA (low external input for sustainable agriculture), sustainable agriculture practices, agribusiness-marketing, social capital and government rules. The result of the MDS analysis showed that sustainable multi-dimension index of Lembang district was 35,47 and Dongko district was 24,16. These values indicated that the environmental condition of both study areas were categorized as not sustainable. Estimation of actual erosion rate in Lembang was 147,29 ton/ha/year and in Dongko was 245,95 ton/ha/year. The results of each sub model revealed if LEISA sub model is being implemented, so that the farmers of Lembang district will get benefit from organic matter processing up to Rp 6.844.278.833/year on average, meanwhile the farmers of Dongko distric will get Rp,1.298.287.172/year approximately. The sustainable land management required an integrated management on land conservation, ideal ratio of perennial to annual vegetation as 25%:75%, and minimum livestock per acre for organic matter supply (8 cows/ha or 22 goats/ha). Alternative core-plasma cooperation between agro supplier and farmer is chosen to help the farmers in product marketing, as the market structure is olygopsony. The Government is required to provide more operational policies that clearly distinct the border of protected area and the area that used for agricultural activities such as farming and pasture. Social capital can be conducted by strengthen the local values as a basis for building component of trust, network relationship, and community co-operation. Thus, there were three recommended scenarios of eco-farming model created based on government decision, real condition in the field, and the limitation of community capabilities. Application of this model should be accompanied by an understanding of each sub-model that built the model, including a deep understanding on local values that applied in the communities.
Keyword: Ecofarming, Multi Dimensional Scalling, West Java, East Java

Judul: Sintesis Nanorod Seng Oksida (ZnO) dengan Metode Sonokimia
Abstrak: Gelombang ultrasonik telah digunakan untuk membantu sintesis ZnO. ZnO terbentuk dari campuran ZnAc dan NaOH. ZnO disintesis dengan variasi konsentrasi ZnAc 0.5 M ( ZnO 1:1 ) dan 1.5 M ( ZnO 3:1 ) yang dicampurkan dengan NaOH konsentrasi 0.5 M. Sampel yang diporoleh dikarakterisasi dengan XRD dan SEM. Karakterisasi difraksi sinar-X menunjukkan bahwa struktur kristal ZnO yang dihasilkan merupakan heksagonal dengan pertumbuhan yang dominan pada orientasi bidang nonpolar a dengan indeks hkl 101. Kristalinitas dan kemurnian kristal ZnO 1:1 lebih baik dibandingkan ZnO 3:1 ditunjukan dengan intensitas puncak difraksi sinar-X yang lebih tinggi, sempit dan tajam. Untuk ukuran kristalit ZnO 1:1 mempunyai rata-rata ukuran kristalit 30.57 ± 4.31 nm sedangkan ZnO 3:1 mempunyai ukuran rata-rata 20.25 ± 7.12 nm. Dari ukuran kristal yang terbentuk partikel ZnO termasuk nanokristal. ZnO 1:1 terbentuk batang-batang nano (nanorods) sedangkan pada ZnO 3:1 tidak terbentuk batang-batang nano (nanorods). Untuk ukuran morfologi, ZnO 1:1 mempunyai rata-rata ukuran butiran kristal 230 nm dan lebih besar dibandingkan ukuran ZnO 3:1 yang mempunyai rata-rata ukuran butiran kristal 50 nm.
Keyword: nanorot, sintesis, sonokimia, ZnO