Judul: Pengelolaan hutan oleh masyarakat sebagai sarana untuk mendapatkan kepastian tenurial (Kasus di areal hutan produksi terbatas, KPHP Unit XVI, Kab. Tanjung Jabung Barat, Propinsi Jambi)
Abstrak: This research focuses on the impact of property rights insecurity that drives to tenure insecurity as well on deforestation and forest degradation in limited production forest (HPT) as part of KPHP Unit XVI at Tanjung Jabung Barat district, Jambi Province. Deforestation is considered as a risk management strategy: property rights insecurity reduces the present value of forest and foster forest conversion into agricultural lands in this case converted into oil palm and rubber plantation. Moreover, deforestation is the consequences of strategic interactions between local community (who has claim over land and forest) with migrant community (which is hungry for land to gain capital increment). This strategic interaction drove to the formulation of informal land market institution that significantly contributed to the deforestation over the study site area. The current situation of forest land encroachment was the result of the lack of forest governance at the site level. The research was trying to get a better understanding on how informal land market institution had been formulated and how this institution had contribute to the deforestation within the frame of legal pluralism and property rights theory.
Keyword: 

Judul: Penataan Tenurial Kawasan Hutan Pada Pembangunan Kesatuan Pengelolaan Hutan (Kasus Pada KPHP Model Gunung Sinopa Provinsi Maluku Utara )
Abstrak: Forest Management Unit (FMU) area are commonly located in areas without any license within, tend to be open access and potentially raise conflict. In order to execute FMU development smoothly, the tenurial arrangement needs to be conducted through phases as follow: identify conflicts potential, map the bundle of rigths, assess stakeholders' perceptions of tenure security, and define typology of social problems related to tenure. These phases are analysed by utilizing Rapid Land Tenure Assessment (RaTA), bundle of rights analysis, stakeholder’s perception analysis, and social problems typology analysis. RaTA results identify stakeholders who will be potentially raise conflict, namely: UPTD KPHP Gunung Sinopa (UPTD KPHP GS), Local Government, Local Communities, and Transmigration. Potential of stakeholder claims are resulting from differences in claim basis i.e.: the status of power system, the status of governance and status of licensing procedures where the policy underlying the basis of claim are differentiate. The result derived from bundle of rights analysis has placed local government and local community as the owner, UPTD KPHP GS as Proprietor and Transmigration as authorized entrant. In perception related to tenure security: UPTD KPHP GS should have delineation but it is not implemented yet, Local government; plantation boundaries are clear and recognized by all parties and supervised by foremen. Local communities ensure tenure security by coconut trees and limit their claim using twin coconut, whereas transmigrations use the certificate for land certainty. Conclusion: There is conflict potential of stakeholders within the region of KPHP GS which is of web of intersecting interests, reinforced by the position of Local Government and local communities as owner and UPTD KPHP GS merely as proprietor related to the bundle of rights over land claims in KPHP GS area, so that the typology of social problems identified within the KPH areas is severe tenurial conflict.
Keyword: 

Judul: Purification of SARS-CoV-2 Antibody from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Method
Abstrak: Beberapa pengobatan berbasis antibodi yang dapat digunakan pada pasien COVID-19 adalah pemberian sediaan antibodi monoklonal anti-SARS-CoV-2 dan terapi plasma konvalesen. Selain itu, penggunaan Imunoglobulin Y (IgY) spesifik SARS-CoV-2 juga berpotensi untuk digunakan sebagai pengobatan COVID-19. Pemanfaatan IgY dapat dilakukan setelah antibodi IgY dimurnikan dari kuning telur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY spesifik SARS-CoV-2 dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan sodium chloride. Kuning telur yang digunakan pada penelitian ini berasal dari ayam layer yang telah diimunisasi selama tiga hari berturut-turut dengan antigen berupa protein rekombinan nucleocapsid (N), spike -1 (S1), dan receptor binding domain (RBD) dari SARS-CoV-2 dan dilanjutkan booster dengan interval 2 minggu. Keberadaan IgY spesifik pada kuning telur dideteksi dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) dan kemampuan netralisasi IgY terhadap SARS-CoV-2 dilakukan secara in vitro dengan metode neutralization assay (NA). Hasil pemurnian dikarakterisasi dengan menggunakan sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophpresis (SDS-PAGE) dan konsentrasi IgY dihitung dengan menggunakan spektrofotometer. Rata-rata konsentrasi IgY yang diperoleh pada hasil purifkasi adalah 59,145 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukan pita protein pada 192,76 kDa, 64,28 kDa, dan 28,66 kDa yang merupakan IgY, Heavy Chain, dan Light Chain. Imunoglobulin Y hasil pemurnian menunjukan kemampuan netralisasi virus yang ditunjukkan dengan hasil positif pada NA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa IgY spesifik SARS-CoV-2, dapat dimurnikan dengan metode pengendapan sodium chloride dengan konsentrasi yang cukup tinggi, menghasilkan struktur IgY utuh serta memiliki kemampuan netralisasi., Several antibody-based treatments that can be used in COVID-19 patients are the administration of anti-SARS-CoV-2 monoclonal antibodies and convalescent plasma therapy. In addition, the use of immunoglobulin Y (IgY) specific for SARS-CoV-2 also has the potential to be used as a COVID-19 treatment. Utilization of IgY can be done after IgY antibodies are purified from egg yolk. The aim of this study was to purify SARS-CoV-2 specific IgY from egg yolk by using sodium chloride precipitation method. The egg yolks used in this study collected from layer chickens that had been immunized for three consecutive days with antigens in the form of nucleocapsid recombinant protein (N), spike -1 (S1), and receptor binding domain (RBD) from SARS-CoV-2. and followed by a booster at 2-week intervals. The presence of specific IgY in egg yolk was detected by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method and the neutralization ability of IgY against SARS-CoV-2 was carried out in vitro using the neutralization assay (NA) method. The purification results were characterized using sodium dodecyl sulphate poly acrylamide gel electrophpresis (SDS-PAGE) and the IgY concentration was calculated using a spectrophotometer. The average concentration of IgY obtained in the purification results was 59.145 mg/mL. The results of SDS-PAGE showed protein bands at 192.76 kDa, 64.28 kDa, and 28.66 kDa which were IgY, Heavy Chain, and Light Chain. The purified immunoglobulin Y showed the ability to neutralize the virus which was indicated by a positive result on the NA. The results showed that SARS-CoV-2 specific IgY could be purified by the sodium chloride precipitation method with a high concentration, resulting intact IgY structure and has neutralizing ability.
Keyword: egg yolk, Imunoglobulin Y, purification, SARS-CoV-2, sodium chloride