Judul: Dampak Program Pembaharuan Agraria Nasional (PPAN) Terhadap Kondisi Sosial Ekonomi dan Ekologi Masyarakat Lokal
Abstrak: Land has been subject to conflict over the past decade. The availability of land for agriculture or farming is limited. The most crusial legal disputes related to the land among people are: ownership and accesibility. Regarding to those legal disputes, Indonesian government has legalized National Agrarian Reform Program (PPAN) as one of solutions. The objectives of this research are: (1) to compare the social-economic condition of communities before and after the National Agrarian Reform Program (PPAN); (2) to know the alteration of land placement (3) to explore the differences of perception from local communities about PPAN. This research was using qualitative and quantitative method. The qualitative method was supported by in-depth interview for collecting data. In the other hand, quessionaire used to be a research instrument to support quantitative method. There were 60 respondents who got PPAN program in this research which selected by purposive sampling technique. The results of this research show that the income of people who lived in Pangradin 1 and Pangradin 2 is little bit different in its composition especially viewed from agricultural sector. The socialeconomic condition before and after PPAN try to be analized from people’s income. The income of people, generally stable both before and after PPAN but has change in its composition only as stated before in the above sentence. The alteration of land status after PPAN found to be unique that indicated by the change of land ownership. The land ownership status previously was authorized by private sector or usually called as land consession which rights to engage in an enterprise. But recently, after PPAN program, the land is owned independently by people in Pangradin. This research also found the differences of perception between people who lived in Pangradin 1 and Pangradin 2 about PPAN. The differences of perception obviously caused by the divergence of PPAN implementation that led to the new latent conflict between local people and their government.
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Judul: Dampak Landreform Dari Bawah (By Leverage), Dan Arah Transfer Manfaat Dalam Kebijakan Program Pembaruan Agraria Nasional (Studi Kasus Organisasi Tani Lokal Banjaranyar Ii Desa Banjaranyar Dan Organisasi Tani Lokal Pasawahan Ii Desa Pasawahan Kecamatan Banjarsari, Kabupaten Ciamis, Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: To create an equity land structure, it’s necessary to change the agrarian structure to increase community wealth. It called landreform. The purpose of this research was to identification land conflict, processes in implementation landreform by leverage, implementation of National Agrarian Reform Program (PPAN), and trajectories of change and reform in land policies in OTL Banjaranyar II and OTL Pasawahan II. The number of respondents in this research were 30 people for each OTL with stratified random sampling. In general, the implementation of land occupation at these place called landreform by leverage integration (at OTL Banjaranyar II) and annexation (at OTL Pasawahan II) type. National Agrarian Reform Program was implemented at Banjaranyar, whereas at Pasawahan it still on process. Impelentation of landreform by leverage and the National Agrarian Reform Program gave social impact, the change of agrarian structure and wealth for people at these place. The trajectories of change and reform in land policies is redistribution.
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Judul: Elektrodeposisi Film Tipis Semikonduktor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) pada Substrat Kaca ITO
Abstrak: Semiconductor Cu2ZnSnS4 (CZTS) thin film that can be used as absorber layers on solar cell module was made via electrodeposition method. CZTS thin film was electrodeposited on the surface of a silicate glass coated with a thin layer of indium tin oxide (ITO). Deposition process was done using potentiostatic mode at room temperature with a potential of 1.05 V for 30, 45, and 60 minutes, followed with annealing the film at 2 different temperatures, 500 ºC using furnace and 180 ºC using hot plate, both treatments for 45 minutes in N2/H2S atmosphere. The X-ray difractograms were analyzed using Match 2 program and showed that the CZTS thin films had kesterit crystalline structure, with a low percentage of CZTS phase. The thin film also contained secondary phases such as Cu2S, ZnS, and SnS. The obtained CZTS thin films had a thickness between 1.039 and 1.676 μm. Absorption study showed that the band gap energy of CZTS thin films which was annealed using furnace ranged from 1.50 to 1.52 eV, whereas that annealed using the hot plate was not observed. The band gap energy value showed that CZTS thin films can be used as sunlight absorber layers on solar cell. The formation of CZTS crystal film on this investigation was effectively performed using furnace annealing process at a temperature of 500 ºC with deposition time of 45 minutes.
Keyword: Thin film, Electrodeposition, Cu2ZnSnS4