Judul: Pengaruh parawisata terhadap peluang berusaha dan bekerja di sektor informal : Kasus di desa Bandungan, Kecamatan Ambarawa, Kabupaten Semarang, Jawa Tengah
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menelaah beragam usaha dissektor informal yang muncul akibat adanya kegiatan kepariwisataan. Selain itu ditelaah pula pola perilaku masyarakat setempat dalam hal pencarian nafkah. Lebih lanjut penelitian ini juga berusaha menelaah bagaimana struktur sosial masyarakat yang bersangkutan sehubungan dengan berkembangnya obyek pariwisata tersebut. Pola-pola hubungan yang dilihat adalah dalam kelembagaan usahatani dan sistem pelapisan sosial. Laporan ini merupakan hasil penelitian di daerah wisata Desa Bandungan. Informasi dan data diperoleh dari responden maupun informan. Responden adalah pekerja sektor informal dari berbagai jenis usaha, baik sebagai mata pencaharian pokok maupun sambilan. Selama penelitian telah diwawancarai 30 orang responden dan 8 orang informan. ...
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Judul: Pengaruh sektor informal parawisata bagi masyarakat desa sekitarnya dalam memperluas kesempatan kerja : studi kasus di desa Cibeureum Ciasarua - Bogor, Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Tujuan penelitian ini adalah: ingin mengetahui berba- gai kegiatan sektor informal pariwisata di desa pariwisa- ta pengaruhnya terhadap kesempatan kerja dan pendapatan, tingkat pendidikan dan kesehatan anggauta rumah dan kaitannya dengan sektor pertanian. tangga Perkembangan pariwisata Desa Cibeureum mengalami kemajuan besar dengan hadirnya Taman Safari Indonesia sejak bulan April 1986, dan sektor informal pariwisata mempunyai potensi yang besar serta memberikan pengaruh positip bagi masyarakat desa, dilihat dari beberapa hal, yaitu: kesempatan kerja, peningkatan pendapatan, kesehat- an, pendidikan anggauta rumah tangga responden, dan kait- annya dengan sektor pertanian di daerah. Perluasan kesempatan kerja yang ada, meliputi: (a) Besarnya berbagai peluang usaha di sektor informal dan Esektor formal pariwisata sejalan dengan cerahnya masa Edepan pariwisata Taman Safari Indonesia, sehingga semakin Eluasnya kesempatan kerja yang ada, mengakibatkan semakin besarnya jumlah tenaga kerja yang terlibat:; (b) Peluang usaha di sektor informal pariwisata beragam jenisnya, yaitu dari mulai yang tidak bermodal (tukang parkir, buruh Edagang), bermodal kecil (bandar asongan buah, jagung Erebus), modal sedang (pedagang buah dan sayur) dan modal...
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Judul: The Construction of Greedy SVP LLL Algorithm
Abstrak: A lattice is a set of all integer linear combination of a set of linearly independent vectors in ℝ𝑛���. The independent vectors are called bases of lattice. Any lattice can be generated from many bases, and these bases have the same cardinality. In the lattice, the most fundamental and renowned problem is the Shortest Vector Problem (SVP). SVP is a tracking problem of the shortest nonzero vector in a lattice with equivalent bases. In two dimensions, SVP problem has resolved exactly by Gauss’ algorithm. When the lattice dimension is higher than two, A.K. Lenstra, H.W. Lenstra and L. Lovasz gave a LLL algorithm to compute approximation of nonzero shortest vector in the lattice. Reduced bases solution obtained from LLL algorithm still be an approximation and has polynomial running time of arbitrary dimension which large enough. In 1994, Schnoor and Euchner modified this LLL algorithm as a new variant which later was named deep insertion LLL algorithm. This algorithm is a modified version of the LLL algorithm to the terms of the exchange step to improve the accuracy of output of LLL reduced bases and applying it to the subset sum problem. The purpose of this research are: (1) Reconstruct the LLL algorithm and deep insertion LLL algorithm using a geometric approach. (2) Construct a greedy SVP LLL algorithm. (3) Implement the three algorithms in a symbolic programming language, and evaluate them experimentally. A bases ℬ=[𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑛���] in ℝ𝑚��� is called reduced LLL with parameter 𝛿��� if satisfies: (a) |𝜇���𝑗���𝑖���|≤12, for every integer 𝑖���,𝑗��� with 1≤𝑖���<𝑗���<𝑛���. (b)𝛿���‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���)‖2≤‖𝜋���𝑗���(𝐛���𝑗���+1)‖2, for 𝑗���=1,2,…,𝑛���−1,where 𝛿��� is a reduced parameter of real numbers with 14<𝛿���<1. The first requirement is the reduced basis 𝛿��� must “nearly orthogonal” and in its computation case, this requirement can be reached out by using the Gram-Schmidt’s orthogonalization. While the second requirement is called exchange step, or used to called as Lovasz condition. By using both of these requirements, then they establish the LLL algorithm. Then, Schnoor and Euchner modify the LLL algorithm based on the requirements of the exchange step called the deep insertion LLL algorithm, where the exchange step is based on the comparison of the projected vector in orthogonal complement [𝐛���1,𝐛���2,…,𝐛���𝑘���−1]⊥ after j-th reduction. To construct greedy SVP LLL algorithm, the requirements of the exchange step is based on purely by comparing norm of lattice 𝐛���𝑗��� with norm lattice 𝐛���𝑖��� for 𝑖���=1,2,3…,𝑗���−1. The process of insertion reduced vector after the exchange step also has done greedily. Then, we calculate the number of arithmetic operation in greedy SVP LLL algorithm for further analysis. The result of our exprimentation for three algorithms on the certain matrix size shows that the running time of the three algorithms increases propotional to the size of the matrix. The result also shows that by using 𝛿���=34 for the LLL algorithm and the deep insertion LLL algorithm, and the greedy SVP LLL algorithm which is a new variant made by using no parameter of 𝛿���, outperform of the other of two previous algorithm in terms of speed with the same output.
Keyword: LLL algorithm, LLL deep insertion algorithm, greedy SVP LLL algorithm