Judul: Development of Mackerel (Rastrelliger kanagurta) Nugget Products Substituted with Mackerel Fish Bone for Adolescence Girls
Abstrak: Nugget merupakan makanan olahan yang cukup digemari terutama pada remaja. Nugget berbahan ikan kembung dapat dijadikan alternatif makanan selingan yang dapat membantu menambah asupan zat gizi pada remaja putri. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan produk nugget ikan kembung dengan substitusi tulang ikan kembung sebagai pangan alternatif bagi remaja putri. Penelitian ini menggunakan tiga formula dengan persentase daging ikan kembung dan tulang ikan kembung yang berbeda yaitu F1 (100:0), F2 (90:10), dan F3 (80:20). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik dan analisis zat gizi, formula nugget yang dipilih adalah formula nugget ikan dengan substitusi tulang ikan kembung sebesar 10%. Formula terpilih nugget ikan memiliki kadar air sebesar 50,05%; kadar abu sebesar 3,34%; lemak sebesar 2,41%; protein sebesar 12,03%; karbohidrat sebesar 32,16%; zat besi sebesar 5,46 mg/100 g; serta kalsium sebesar 211,25 mg/100 g. Nugget ikan kembung memiliki takaran saji sebesar 100 gram yang menyumbang energi sebesar 198 kkal. Produk nugget formula terpilih dapat menjadi makanan sumber protein, kalsium, dan zat besi berdasarkan ALG bagi kelompok umum.
Keyword: adolescence girls, calcium, nugget, protein, Rastrelliger kanagurta

Judul: Formulation of Chicken Nugget with the Substitution of Chicken Liver as a Product of High Iron and Vitamin A for Female Adolescent
Abstrak: Adolescent is an important growth phase where there is an increase of nutritional needs in order to support body growths and developments towards maturity. Anemia and vitamin A deficiency are two of nutritional problems that occur in female adolescent caused by inadequate intake of nutrients (both macros and micros). Chicken nugget with chicken liver substitution is an alternative snack that can help increase of iron and vitamin A intake in female teenagers. This study aims to develop a chicken nugget product with chicken liver substitution, and analyze it is nutritional contents. This study used four formulations with different ratios of chicken meat and chicken liver used, namely F0 (100:0), F1 (95:5), F2 (90:10), and F3 (85:15). Organoleptic, physical characteristics test, and nutritional analysis showed that F2 was the selected formula. This selected formula contains 56.8% moisture content, 1.46% ash content, 14.66% protein, 6.5% fat, 12.92% carbohydrate, 16.39 mg iron, and 760.16 RE vitamin A . One serving size of chicken liver nugget is equivalent to 4 pieces of nuggets and it contributes about 168 kcal of energy/day. The selected formula have met the requirements of nutritional claim for protein source, low fat, and high iron and vitamin A content., Remaja merupakan fase kehidupan yang penting dimana terjadi peningkatan kebutuhan gizi dalam rangka menunjang pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tubuh menuju kedewasaan. Anemia dan Kekurangan Vitamin A (KVA) merupakan dua masalah gizi yang terjadi pada remaja putri yang disebabkan oleh asupan zat gizi (baik makro maupun mikro) yang inadekuat. Naget ayam dengan substitusi hati ayam merupakan salah satu alternatif makanan selingan yang dapat membantu meningkatkan asupan zat besi dan vitamin A pada remaja putri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangan serta menganalisis kandungan gizi produk naget berbahan dasar hati ayam. Penelitian ini menggunakan empat formulasi dengan perbandingan daging ayam dan hati ayam yang berbeda, yakni F0 (100:0), F1 (95:5), F2 (90:10), dan F3 (85:15). Berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik dan analisis kandungan gizi, F2 ditetapkan sebagai formula terpilih. Naget formulasi terpilih mengandung kadar air 56,8%, kadar abu 1,46%, protein 14,66%, lemak 6,5%, karbohidrat 12,92%, zat besi 16,39 mg, serta vitamin A 760,16 RE. Satu takaran saji naget hati ayam setara dengan 4 potong naget serta memberikan kontribusi 168 kkal dari energi sehari. Naget hati ayam formulasi terpilih memenuhi syarat klaim sebagai produk sumber protein, rendah lemak, serta tinggi zat besi dan vitamin A.
Keyword: chicken liver, female adolescent, iron, nugget, vitamin A

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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