Judul: Pemanfaatan Tris Sari Kedelai Sebagai Bahan Pengencer Semen Cair Kambing Peranakan Etawah.
Abstrak: This research was aimed to examine and find the best concentrations of soybean extract in Tris buffer (TS) for Etawah Cross Breed (ECB) semen extender. Three sexually mature and healthy ECB buck were used as a source of semen. The semen was collected using an artificial vagina and evaluate macro- and microscopically. Ejaculate having > 70% sperm motility, > 2500x106ml-1 sperm concentration and < 15% abnormal sperm were individually processed. Each ejaculate divided into five tubes. Four tubes were mixed with 2.50% TS (TS2.50), 3.75% TS (TS3.75), 5.00% TS (TS5.00), and 6.25% TS (TS6.25), one other tubes was diluted with Tris egg yolk extender (TEY) with the concentration of spermatozoa was 50x106ml-1. The semen stored at 3-5oC and observed its sperm motility and viability every 12 hours until 72 hours of storage. After 72 hours of storage result showed that TEY was the best sperm extender (p<0.05) on the sperm motility as well as sperm viability compared to TS in all concentration. TS2.50 (58.33 ± 2.50%) and TS3.75 (50.56 ± 4.46%) was the best TS concentration compared to TS5.00 or TS6.25. For artificial insemination purpose, sperm extender in TEY, TS2.50 and TS3.75 can be used until 72 hour of storage.
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Judul: Kriopreservasi Semen Kambing Peranakan Etawah (PE) Menggunakan Pengencer Tris-kuning telur dan Tris-soya dengan Modifikasi Karbohidrat dan Krioprotektan Berbeda
Abstrak: Artificial Insemination (AI) is known as a technology to improve the genetic quality of goats in Indonesia. AI in goat is still limited in its practical use; this is related to a variety of constraints, which one of those would be the guarded quality of frozen semen. The quality of frozen semen is determined by various factors, including the freezing techniques, the diluents and cryoprotectants. Buck frozen semen produced by AI centers usually use Tris-egg yolk (TEY) diluent. Egg yolk of animal origin has been recognized as a highly potential media allowing transfer microorganism to female tract through AI. Therefore, some research studies have been focusing to find another diluents using soy extract as an alternative of diluent. Preservation of buck semen using soy extract contains plant phospolipid has not been well studied. Dissacharide (trehalose) or trissacharide (raffinose) acts as an energy source as well as an extracellular cryoprotectants in diluents of frozen semen; these would aid in protecting the sperm during freezing process. Dimethylformamide (DMF) has smaller molecules than glycerol may act as a beneficial cryoprotectant when it is added into the diluents, showing a better effect in protecting the sperm membrane during freezing. This study was conducted in two steps: 1) Preserved liquid semen using tris-egg yolk (TEY) and tris-soya (TS) diluents with either trehalose and raffinose supplementation; 2) Produced frozen semen using TEY and TS with supplementation of the combination showing the best results in step 1. Both diluents used DMF and glycerol as the cryoprotectants. Semen were collected from three sexually mature bucks using artificial vagina, evaluated and divided into six aliquot treatment groups. Each of aliquot diluted with TEY and TS supplemented with 50 mM trehalose or raffinose, which contain 50x106 sperm concentration per 0.2 mL volume. All of them kept in refrigerator in 5°C. The progressive motility, viability and plasma membrane intact (PMI) were evaluated every 12 hours up to the time when only 50% of sperm display motility. The combination of trehalose or raffinose based showing the best results in analysis during the step 1 was added with TEY and TS diluents, supplemented with glycerol and DMF cryoprotectants in frozen semen process. Extended semen were kept in minitub straw, containing 100x106 sperm/0.25 mL. Equilibration time was 4 hours in 5°C, then freeze in N2 vaporated for 10 minutes in styrofoam box. The result showed that semen quality from three bucks were good, such as the average of volume was 1.29±0.21 mL, creamy and thick in consistency. The concentration was 3608.33±657.70x106/mL, motility was 77.78±2.56%, viability was 85.13±4.38%, PMI was 77.72±3.52% and abnormality was 7.51±2.88%. The motility of sperm kept in liquid semen diluents, TEY supplemented with trehalose or raffinose gave better result, it can be maintained sperm motility up to 50% for 72-84 hours, compared to TS diluent (48-60 hours) (P<0.05). TEY diluent supplemented with trehalose can maintained sperm motility longer (52.82±3.21%) for 84 hours, compared to raffinose supplementation (51.78±4.41%) and control (51.11±4.86%) for 72 hours. The viability of sperm evaluation showed 6-9% higher than sperm motility percentage, while the percentage of PMI gave similar percentage
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular