Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Pakan Artemia Terhadap Pertumbuhan Karang Lunak Sarcophyton dan Densitas Biota Asosiasi
Abstrak: The Research found that the growth rate of Sarcophyton which were fed with Artemia was higher than the control pond, up to 10 weeks. However, at week 11 and 12 there was a decrease of growth rate and followed by an increase of population of benthic biota associated with Sarcophyton at observation ponds. It is interesting for further studied. The purpose of this research is to study the relationship between the growth rate of Sarcophyton and the number of populations of associated benthic biota. The observations took place during the 3 months which were using the two ponds sized each (1x2x0.5) m3 contains 5 colonies. The first pond is not fed as control (A) and a second feeding Artemia 5 g /1 m3/week (B). Every weeks, researchers observed the growth rate and coral health and the condition of supporting such as physical parameters (temperature and salinity), chemical (concentrations of ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, and phosphate), and biological (density of association benthic biota). The results show that feeding Artemia had a significant (confidence interval 95 %) effect on growth of Sarcophyton and the density of associated biota. Observations show that the growth rate, the health value, and the amount of coral polyps coming out at treatment ponds tend to be lower than coral at control pond. Feeding Artemia cause an increase in the density of heterotrophic benthic biota so that increases the rate of oxygen consumption. This high oxygen consumption lead to decrease nitrate and phosphate concentrations. Decreasing levels of oxygen and increasing excretion of benthic biota caused ammonia levels to rise so that the health value of Sarcophyton decline.
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Judul: Pengaruh Pemberian Artemia Sebagai Pakan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Karang Lunak Sarcophyton Sp. Pada Kolam Terkontrol
Abstrak: Now days, the coral utilization is getting higher, even excessive. In other side, coral reef ecosystem is very susceptible to disturbance whether from human activity or natural phenomenon and need a long time for a full recovery (Burke et al., 2011). Transplantation of Octocoral (soft coral) like Sracophyton sp. as second main constructor of coral reef after hard coral (Manuputty, 2008 dalam Utama, 2010) can be one good solution to fix the broken coral reef ecosystem. The Transplantation has been a popular method in a soft coral conservation activity until this time. This method is usually done in the sea which is habitat the soft coral itself. Unfortunately, doing transplantation in the sea has some difficulty due to uncontrolled natural situation and will be expensive. Torrential current, temperature fluctuation, competition, predators, food supply, and others unpredictable condition can be a problem for propagating the coral in the sea. Therefore, there’s had to be a transplantation method that is applied in a controlled system so the natural troubles, including food supply, can be handled. Food is one of important factors that is also effecting the succeed rate in propagating the coral. Soft coral itself is a member of Cnidarian that is carnivorous and eats micro organism. Based on that fact, Artemia sp. which is included as zooplankton should possible to be used as soft coral food. Further research is required to understand how much Artemia affecting the soft coral growth. According to the research result, the living rate of the coral reef in the treatment vessel and control vessel show the same value, it is 100%. This means that the soft corals already have good adaptation with new environment. The variants analysis shows that the food doesn’t much influence the growth. It means absolute growth and growth velocity of the fragments that is given Artemia as additional food do not show enough difference compared to the fragments that do not get additional food (control).
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Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
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