Judul: Pemantauan Fase Pertumbuhan Padi Menggunakan Sensor AVNIR dan PALSAR Polarisasi Penuh (Studi Kasus PT Sang Hyang Seri, Subang)
Abstrak: Rice is fundamental for most Indonesian people. Monitoring rice field is therefore important in order to obtain information required by food or agriculture planning. This task could be accomplished by using satellite-based remote sensing technology, including ALOS. In this research, ALOS capability in provision rice field information are explored through its two main sensors, i.e. optical-based AVNIR-2 and PALSAR, which is a SAR sensor, primarily focused on fully polarimetric data. ALOS PALSAR data used in this research were acquired in 2007 and 2009, while ALOS AVNIR images were attained in 2008 and 2009. This research shows that NDVI values based on AVNIR-2 fluctuate during both observations. In 2008 and 2009 images, the NDVI range was 0,238-0,549 and -0,209-0,516 respectively. The diversity of NDVI value in rice field was caused by varying growth phases such as vegetative, generative, mature, and pre- harvest. In this research, rice growth phase were studied using linear backscatter analysis using fully polarimetric (PLR) PALSAR image. In many phases, HH consistently produced higher backscatter coefficient compared to other linear polarization components, i.e. HV and VV. Analysis showed that HH is the most suitable polarization for monitoring rice field. This is due to the fact that HH polarization is more sensitive to variations of rice structure in different age levels. Classification using decision tree was implemented by exploiting QUEST and CRUISE algorithms. Using PALSAR image, classification accuracy based on CRUISE and QUEST was 56,36 % and 40 % respectively. Accuracy on AVNIR-2 was higher than PALSAR, i.e. 94,74 % and 90,91 % using CRUISE and QUEST respectively.
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Judul: Pemantauan Pertumbuhan Padi Menggunakan L-Band SAR Berbasis Teori Dekomposisi: Studi Kasus Subang
Abstrak: Food problems in Indonesia cannot be avoided, although Indonesia is often referred to as an agricultural country where predominant livelihood is farming. As a matter of fact, there are still a lot of food shortages along increasing number of inhabitants. Rice is the main staple food in Indonesia, therefore monitoring rice field is important information for better agricultural planning. Monitoring with optical remote sensing would be on stake for Indonesia or tropical regions considering high cloud cover. SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar) provides an alternative in the provision of data for such purposes, especially with polarization technology. As a system that has its own energy source, irrespective to source of solar energy, a SAR system can operate day and night in virtually all weather conditions, because microwaves can penetrate clouds, smoke and rain. This property is very useful for time sensitive applications such as sensing of agricultural crops or natural disasters. Earlier studies primarily focused on the use of backscatter data. Further development of the SAR technology allows analysis of fully polarization SAR data, which are generally more complex than backscattering-based analysis. Fully polarization SAR analysis procedures that are currently inviting attention is the polarimetric decomposition. This study discusses an application of the Cloude-Pottier decomposition theory in assessment of growth phase of Ciherang rice. Using this theory, a complex fully polarimetric data can be converted into three units of analysis, i.e. Entropy (H), Alpha Angle (􀄮) and Anisotropy (A). In this study, blocks of rice cultivation owned by PT. Sang Hyang Seri, provided major field information for detailed analysis. This research indicated that the Cloude-Pottier decomposition theory was able to describe characteristics of different levels of rice growth. The analysis showed that Entropy played an important role in distinguishing plants age. Distribution of entropy corresponded to various phases of rice growth. Aging rice plants tend to coincide to increasing value of entropy. Entropy became smaller in young rice plants, because of a decrease in the number of leaves or density of plant canopy and therefore soil contribution was dominant. Although the alpha angle was found useful to describe scattering type, this parameter is less visible to contribute significantly to the interpretation of data.
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Judul: Beberapa aspek toxoplasmosis pada domba
Abstrak: Toxoplasmosis merupakan penyakit yang disebabkan oleh infeksi protozoa yaitu Toxoplasma gondii. Menurut Kudo (1960), Toxoplasma digolongkan dalam filum Protozoa, sub filum Plasmodroma, kelas Sporozoa, sub kelas Telosporidia, ordo Haemosporidia, famili Babesiidae dan genus Toxoplasma. Selanjutnya Levine et al. (1980) dalam Thomas Cheng (1986), memngklasifikasikan Toxoplasma sebagai berikut : filum Apicomplexa, kelas Sporozoa, sub kelas Coccidia, ordo Eucoccidiida dan sub ordo Eimiriina dengan genus Toxoplasma. Toxoplasma gondii berkembang biak secara seksual dan aseksual. Stadium seksual terjadi di dalam epitel usus ku- cing rumah dan famili Felidae lainnya, sedangkan perkembang biakkan secara aseksual terjadi pada induk semang antara yaitu carnivora, herbivora dan mamalia (Levine, 1973). Kucing mengeluarkan ookista yang belum bersporulasi dalam feses selama 3 10 hari. Hal Ini terjadi setelah kucing tersebut memakan tikus yang telah terinfeksi bradizoit atau trofozoit atau mencerna ookista (Dubey dan Frenkel, 1976 dalam Georgi, 1980). Induk semang antara dapat terinfeksi Toxoplasma gondii bila tertulari ookista bersporulasi dari feses kucing, takhi- zoit atau bradizoit yang terdapat dalam jaringan induk semang antara yang lain, dapat juga terjadi karena terinfeksi takhizoit melalui penularan secara transplasental (Soulsby 1982). Dalam imunitas terdapat satu hal yang menarik yaitu kemampuan Toxoplasma untuk bertahan dalam makrofag yang seca- ra umum dapat membunuh organisme ekstraselular. Menurut Ian Tizzard (1981), respon kekebalan yang perta- ma dari tubuh terhadap parasit Toxoplasma gondii adalah res- pon kekebalan selular (CMI response). Sebagian besar infeksi oleh Toxoplasma gondii tidak menunjukkan gejala klinis yang jelas. Pada domba gejala klinis yang dapat terlihat berupa demam, dispnoe. tremor secara umum dan kadang-kadang terlihat adanya inkoordinasi gerak. Tetapi gejala yang paling umum terjadi adalah plasentitis diikuti abortus atau terjadi kematian foetus pada saat 3 atau 4 minggu terakhir dari kebuntingan. Selanjutnya pada domba gejala dari dikatakan juga gejala yang dapat terlihat betina adalah "circle walking" yang merupakan encephalitis (Soulsby, 1982)…dst
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