Judul: Performa Kambing Betina Peranakan Ettawa dengan Pemberian Pakan Frass.
Abstrak: Frass merupakan limbah media pemeliharaan maggot dari fase prepupa menuju pupa yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pakan ternak karena memiliki kandungan protein sebesar 19.32%. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengevaluasi pemberian pakan frass terhadap performa dan reproduksi kambing betina peranakan ettawa. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) pola searah, menggunakan 9 ekor kambing betina dibagi kedalam tiga kelompok dengan perlakuan P0 (ransum kontrol), P1 (mengandung 20% frass), P2 (mengandung 40% frass). Rasio hijauan dan konsentrat yaitu 30:70. Parameter yang diamati meliputi konsumsi nutrien (konsumsi bahan kering, protein kasar, TDN, lemak kasar dan serat kasar), pertambahan bobot badan, efisiensi ransum dan BCS. Data diuji menggunakan analisis of variance (ANOVA) dan jika hasilnya berbeda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa konsumsi nutrien, pertambahan bobot badan, efisiensi pakan serta BCS tidak berbeda nyata antar perlakuan. Ransum P1 (20% frass) dan P2 (40% frass) berpengaruh nyata (P <0.05) menurunkan konsumsi lemak kasar dibandingkan perlakuan P0 (kontrol). Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah penambahan frass dalam ransum dapat diberikan pada kambing betina untuk mengurangi penggunaan konsentrat komersil sebagai pakan ternak untuk memproduksi kambing berkualitas. Kata kunci : BCS, frass, kambing betina, performa
Keyword: BCS, frass, kambing betina, performa

Judul: Kecernaan Nutrien pada Kambing Peranakan Etawa Jantan yang Diberi Konsentrat Mengandung Frass Black Soldier Fly
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi frass dari Black soldier fly (BSF) media bungkil inti sawit sebagai bahan pakan alternatif sumber serat dan protein didalam konsentrat terhadap kecernaan nutrien ransum penggemukan kambing peranakan etawa jantan. Penelitian ini menggunakan 8 kambing peranakan etawa jantan berumur 10 bulan dengan berat badan rata rata 30.6 ± 2.08 kg selama 8 minggu. Desain eksperimental yang digunakan adalah uji independent sample t-test dengan 2 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan ini membandingkan antara konsentrat komersial dan konsentrat komersial yang mengandung limbah larva BSF (frass) yang diberi bungkil inti sawit, perlakuannya yaitu P0 = rumput gajah 30% + 70% konsentrat komersial dan P1 = 30% rumput gajah + 70% konsentrat mengandung frass BSF. Peubah yang diamati adalah kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, protein kasar, lemak kasar, serat kasar, Beta-N, dan TDN. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ransum pakan yang mengandung frass BSF secara signifikan (P <0.05) lebih rendah nilai kecernaan bahan kering, bahan organik, Beta-N, TDN, serat kasar (P<0.1) dibandingkan konsentrat kontrol tanpa mempengaruhi nilai kecernaan protein kasar dan lemak kasar. Ransum perlakuan konsentrat yang mengandung frass BSF (P1) tidak memiliki efek negatif pada konsumsi bahan kering dan bahan organik.
Keyword: Black Soldier Fly, Frass, Kecernaan, Peranakan Etawa

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite