Judul: Analisis faktor-faktor penentu perubahan nilai tukar rupiah
Abstrak: Sejak runtuhnya sistem Bretton Woods. nilai tukar dalam perekonomian terbuka kecil merupakan ha1 yang sangat penting. Hal ini disebabkan dalam sistem mengambang, nilai tukar menyesuaikan diri dengan mekanisme pasar yang berlaku, sehingga nilai tukar dapat dengan mudah berfluktuasi. Fluktuasi (perubahan) pada nilai tukar dapat berdampak pada perubahan variabel-variabel makroekonomi lainnya.
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Judul: Analisis pengaruh neraca pembayaran terhadap nilai tukar rupiah
Abstrak: Indonesia yang menganut sistem ekonomi terbuka kecil, tidak terlepas dari pengaruh perkembangan ekonomi negara lain. Sistem ekonomi yang diterapkan ini menyebabkan adanya aliran sumberdaya dan dana dari suatu negara ke negara lain. Adanya aliran sumberdaya dan dana tersebut akan dicatat melalui suatu pencatatan yang sistemetis yang disebut neraca pembayaran. Dengan neraca pembayaran dapat dilihat besarnya perubahan penawaran dan permintaan terhadap valuta asing, sehingga melalui neraca pembayaran dapat dilakukan penelitian bagaimana fluktuasi nilai tukar Rupiah terhadap mata uang asing. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui berapa besar pengaruh jangka pendek dan jangka panjang neraca pembayaran terhadap nilai tukar Rupiah, menganalisis bagaimana pengaruh guncangan current account dan capital account terhadap nilai tukar Rupiah dan mengetahui komponen apakah dari neraca pembayaran yang memberikan pengaruh lebih besar terhadap nilai tukar Rupiah. Serta mengetahui kontribusi beberapa variabel dalam model yang dapat mempengaruhi pergerakan nilai tukar Rupiah. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode analisis Vector Error Corection Model (VECM). Hasil estimasi persamaan jangka pendek menunjukkan bahwa ternyata variabel yang signifikan mempengaruhi nilai tukar Rupiah hanya capital account satu triwulan yang lalu, current account satu triwulan yang lalu, tingkat suku bunga dua triwulan yang lalu, dummy krisis pada satu dan dua triwulan yang lalu. Pertumbuhan current account satu triwulan, capital account satu dan dua triwulan yang lalu menyebabkan nilai tukar Rupiah mengalami apresiasi. Sementara itu, pertumbuhan tingkat suku bunga dua triwulan yang lalu dan adanya dummy krisis satu dan dua triwulan yang lalu menyebabkan nilai tukar Rupiah mengalami depresiasi.
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Judul: Development of DNA Vaccine Encoding Glycoprotein of Koi Herpes Virus Using Local Isolate.
Abstrak: The aim of this research was to develop DNA vaccine of Koi Herpesvirus in carp. Glycoprotein gene originated from ORF 25 KHV virus that is 1.8 kbp in size, is a potential gene in DNA vaccine construction. The sequencing and similarity analysis of the gene using BLAST software showed that this gene is a GP25 gene and was found to be very similar (99%) to GP25 of KHV virus from the USA and Israel. When this GP25 gene was ligated with pGEMT Easy (pT, 3 kbp in size) vector, plasmid size was increasing up to 5 kb. Following this, a digestion of pT-GP25 plasmid using Sal I enzyme was applied resulted in a GP25 fragment (1.8 kbp). Subsequently, pAct-D6 with a size of 8.5 kbp was also cut using the same enzyme to eleminate a D6 gene with a size of 1.6 kbp. GP25 gene was then ligated with pAct resulted a pAct-GP25 plasmid with a size of 8.8 kbp. As there was only one restriction site applied, ligation can be occurred in two different directions. Thus, in order to determine the plasmid with the desired direction PCR analysis was carried out, and plasmid with the right direction was the one that sized approximately 2.1 kbp (no. 6, 17 and 20). High level of GFP gene expression was detected in all tissues analyzed, i.e. kidney, gil, spleen, and muscle 24 hours after injection which indicated that β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka could be active in common carp. Although not as high as on 24 hours, expression was still detected until day 7 and disappeared after day 28 post injection indicating that pAct-GFP can be remained and β-actin promoter of Japanese medaka can be active in muscle, gills and kidney at least a week after injection. The result of RT-PCR analysis on pAct-GP25 injected common carp showed that GP25 gene expression can be detected 14 days after injection in all tissues observed. The expression level differences between GFP and GP25 genes possibly related to the primer sensitivity on annealing process to cDNA template and the size of PCR targeted DNA fragment, as smaller PCR targeted product will be easier to be amplified than a bigger one. The length of PCR targeted DNA with GP25 primer was 1.8 kbp whereas GFP gene was 0.6 kbp.The challenge test on common carp results showed that all unvaccinated and negative control (not infected with KHV) was alive until the end of the experiment. Whereas, the survival of fish vaccinated with a dose of 12.5 was ranged from 60.9 and 96.7%. In relation to the activity of β-actin promoter that was used in this DNA vaccine, gene expression was occured 24 hours after vaccination and remained until 2 weeks. The control fish that was not injected by GP25 showed no GP25 expression either in the observed tissues or organs and resulted in a lower survival, i.e. 23.3%. The challenge test results has indicated that the fish vaccinated with GP25 at doses of 7.5 and 12.5 μg/100μL were able to produce KHV glycoprotein in their body which would be
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