Judul: Ekologi Perilaku Ayam Hutan Hijau (Gallus varius Shaw & Nodder, 1798) di Taman Nasional Bali Barat
Abstrak: Gallus varius is one of the birds of Gallus genus that has local name of green junglefowl, and it is one of endemic Indonesia junglefowl found only on the islands of Java, Bali, Kangean and Flores. One of its natural habitat is in Bali Barat National Park. Gallus varius is a species that become increasingly important and widely used as the male parent in the production of bekisar. Production of bekisar derived mostly from wild populations in Java, Madura and Bali. Exploiting in the wild course threaten the populations of green junglefowl. Knowledge of its bio-ecology is important in conserning the bird. One of the important knowledge in green junglefowl ecology is behaviour study of green junglefowl. The research was aimed to identify and describe the behaviour of Gallus varius and identify the behavioural strategy of Gallus varius at different habitats in Bali Barat National Park. The research was carried out in July until September 2011 in Tanjung Gelap monsoon forest and savannah in Prapat Agung. The method used for observation of daily activity was focal animal sampling. Behaviour was observed through observation at certain points where Gallus varius present. Data of habitat was obtained through analysis of vegetation using the line transect method. The result showed that habitat of Gallus varius consisted of two vegetation types that were the monsoon forest and savannah. Gallus varius in Tanjung Gelap monsoon forest habitat could easily be found at open area with grass and shrub. In the avannah Prapat Agung, Gallus varius could easily be also found at open area with grass, sandy soils and shrub. Its activity started at 05:30 am until 18:30 pm. The largest proportion of behaviour was resting and the smallest was movement. The main behaviour observed were feeding, drinking, sleeping, resting, movement and calling behaviour. The behaviour (feeding, drinking, sleeping, resting, movement and calling) frequency of Gallus varius in Bali Barat National Park was not affected by differences of habitat type, while the duration its behaviour was significantly affected by habitat type. Behavioural strategy of Gallus varius tent to adapt with habitat in fulfilling its needs.
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Judul: Ekologi merak hijau jawa (pavo muticus muticus) linnaeus 1758 pada beberapa tipe habitat di Ujung Timur Penyebarannya, Jawa Timur, Indonesia
Abstrak: The javan green peafowl status is protected bird in Indonesia base on SK Mentan No 66/Kpts/Um/2/1973 and Republic of Indonesia Regulation Law No 7 year 1999. According to ICBP (The International Council for Bird Preservation) has stated that the green peafowl as globally threatened bird in both population and their habitat. Meanwhile CITES has recorded at Appendix II and International of BirdLife (2007) has categorized as endangered bird Pressure to the population and habitat of javan green peafowl is quite big, so the populations have small size at every local site on their local distribution, habitat became fragmented event isolated. Pressure to population is caused by the poaching. But fact showed that javan green peafowl still exist in wild, so the phenomenon gave illustration that the bird have ecological strategy to adapt with the pressure at several habitat type. Ecology of the javan green peafowl (Pavo muticus muticus) Linnaeus 1758 at several habitat types eastern tip of their distribution in Alas Purwo and Baluran national park is the topic to analysis and synthesis of the ecological strategy adaptation at case several habitat types in both national park which the eastern tip of the javan green peafowl distribution. Observation of the javan green peafowl ecology at several habitat types eastern tip of their distribution conducted in three year (year 2006, 2007 and 2008) but intensively 10 month in Baluran national park (BNP) and Alas Purwo national park (APNP) The observation focused at several habitat types at savanna, monsoon forest and evergreen forest also beach forest of Bekol resort BNP and beach forest, grazing area, intercropping teak plantation forest and teak plantation forest Rowobendo resort APNP. The observation has been done at main plot with size 3 km X 4 km in resort Bekol BNP and in resort Rowobendo APNP. Observation of population and habitat of the javan green peafowl was focused at those habitat types. The javan green peafowl population was observed by call count transect method and concentration count and was analyzed on demographic population parameter such as number individual male and female bird, sex ratio, age structure, natality, mortality, survival and population growth at several habitat types. The javan green peafowl habitats were observed and analyzed the characteristic of feeding site and food species, drinking site, sunning and preening place, sheltering and resting site, covering site, roosting site, dancing place and nesting site at several habitat types. Besides that analysis, determinant habitat factors were analyzed by principle component analysis and habitat ideal for the javan green peafowl. Behavior ecology which has been observed and analyzed was the activities, mechanism and strategy of the javan green peafowl in group on feeding, drinking, sunning, sheltering and resting, covering, dusting, dancing, mating, fighting and calling behavior ecology in relation to the habitat types. The result showed that population size of the javan green peafowl at every habitat type in Baluran and Alas Purwo national park is small 24 – 44 individual. The biggest population abundance of the javan green peafowl at Baluran is at savanna habitat type, but in Alas Purwo more concentrated at
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Judul: Membran Komposit Kitosan-Natrium Alginat untuk Aplikasi Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
Abstrak: Composite of chitosan and sodium alginate can be utilized as base material of proton exchange membrane (PEM). The composite membranes were produced by various concentrations of chitosan-sodium alginate, namely 3:3, 3:4, 3:5, 3:6, 4:3, 5:3, and 6:3 (% b/v). The composites were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and were tested for the performance as PEM from the proton conductivity obtained by using impedance spectrometer. The FTIR spectrum indicated the NH3C group at 1637.29 cm-1 and symmetrical COO group at 1253.68 cm-1 indicating interactions between chitosan and sodium alginate. SEM micrographs showed that the composite membrane was nonporous. Composite membrane with 3:5 chitosan-sodium alginate composition had the highest proton conductivity, namely 9.594 × 10-7 S/cm. Based on this research results, chitosan-sodium alginate composite membrane can be applied well in direct methanol fuel cell system.
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