Judul: Study of brachiaria humidicola (Rendle) schweick persistency growth underneath coconut plantation after grazing
Abstrak: Actually, a combination of pasture and cattle system on coconut plantation is not a new practice. In fact, it has been applied for years in Indonesia but no promising results yet. This practice has always ended up with the so-called pasture run down. Therefore, it is not a sustainable practice.Various pasture and grazing management combined with shade tolerant forage were applied, but the production has not reached the target yet. Previous knowledge on the goal of defoliation or grazing is to trim plant‟s shoot to fulfill cattle‟s need (herbage allowance) without considering pasture health to grow and produce forage. Furthermore, grazing time is determined based on plant‟s age. However, due to climate change phenomenon, the temperature has fluctuated irregularly affecting on plant‟s growth and development. Therefore, using plant‟s age as a threshold could be inaccurate. More accurate method can be used by measuring heat unit accummulation to produce one phyllochron. Therefore, the main goal of this research was to increase the productivity of coconut plantation by combining pasture system with cattle. To analyse the persistency of grass plant B. Humidicola, this research was conducted with three objectives: 1) to find out the number of heat units required to produce one phyllochron of single grass plant B. Humidicola living within certain community, and growth patterns of them; 2) to find out effects of defoliation intensity and interval based on plant‟s age (callender days) and daily temperature accummulation (growing degree days) to the production of dry foliage biomass and nutrient content; 3) to measure coconut plantation productivity that has been combined with pasture and cattle, grazing experiment with different grazing methods and stocking rate was used in this study. This research was conducted from April 2008 to October 2010 in the experimental plantation of Coconut and Other Palmae Research Institute, Manado, North Sulawesi. The objective 1 was done to measure the needs of heat units to produce one phyllochron of Brachiaria humidicola plant growth and developed individually, compared to those in the community. Furthermore, growth pattern of the plant was also studied by measuring number of seedlings, nodes, and the length of stolon during of growth development (weeks). Analyses of t- test and deviation standard were used. With regard to objective 2, was studied the effects of intensity and interval of defoliation based on both the ages (days) of plant and the growing degree days, on the dried weight and nutrient content of foliage biomass. Treatments were arranged based on randomized complete block design. Objective 3 of this research was to understand effects of continuing grazing and rotational grazing at different stocking rates to pasture performance. This was measured with dried foliage biomass, population and the development of new shoot, botanical composition, nutrient content, dominant microorganism living 4 within plant‟s root and an increase of cattle weight. Treatments were arranged according to seperate block pattern based on randomized block design. This research found that heat unit requirement to produce one phyllochron was different among plants. Single grass plant required 68,19 degree days to produce one phyllochron while plant growth within a community required 130,44
Keyword: Combining Pasture System

Judul: Characteristic and Potential of Forage Based on Vegetation Shade of Coconut and Starfruit Plantation
Abstrak: Hijauan pakan ternak dapat diperoleh dari integrasi lahan di perkebunan. Penelitian ini betujuan menganalisis pengaruh tingkat naungan vegetasi pada lahan perkebunan terhadap produktivitas hijauan pakan serta hubungannya pada faktor mikroklimat lingkungan. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan observasi lapang secara langsung terhadap tumbuhan yang tumbuh di bawah naungan berbeda. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan Rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) pada 3 lahan percobaan dengan 3 ulangan, jika ada perbedaan yang nyata dari hasil analisis akan dilanjutkan dengan uji jarak Duncan. Peubah yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis hijauan, intensitas cahaya, suhu udara, kelembaban, pH tanah, kapasitas tampung dan analisis vegetasi hijauan di bawah naungan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tingkat naungan vegetasi utama lahan yang tinggi sangat nyata (P<0,01) mempengaruhi intensitas cahaya yang diterima oleh hijauan. Intensitas cahaya sangat berpengaruh terhadap produktivitas hijauan, semakin tinggi tingkat naungan nyata (P<0,05) menurunkan produktivitas hijauan yang dihasilkan. Perbedaan tingkat naungan lahan juga berpengaruh terhadap keragaman spesies dan potensi hijauan dengan kemerataan jenis dan kekayaan jenis yang tinggi sedangkan kesamaan antar lahan yang rendah. Lahan-lahan dengan tingkat naungan rendah lebih berpotensi sebagai penyedia hijauan dengan produktivitas serta daya kapasitas tampungnya yang tinggi., Forage for livestock can be obtained from land integration in plantations. This study aims to analyze the effect of vegetation shade levels on plantation land on forage productivity and its relationship to environmental microclimate factors. The method used was direct field observation of plants growing under different shades. The experimental design used a completely randomized design (CRD) on 3 experimental fields with 3 replications, if there is a significant difference from the results of the analysis, it will be followed by the Duncan distance test. The variables observed in this study were the type of forage, light intensity, temperature, humidity, soil pH, storage capacity, and analysis of forage vegetation under shade. The results showed that the level of shade of the main vegetation of the land was highly significant (P<0,01) affecting the light intensity received by the forage. The intensity of light is very influential on the productivity of forage, the higher the level of shade significantly (P<0,05) decreased the productivity of the forage produced. Differences in the level of land shade also affect species diversity and forage potential with high evenness of species and species richness while the similarity between lands is low. Lands with low shade levels are more potential as forage providers with high productivity and capacity.
Keyword: analysis of vegetation, forage, vegetation

Judul: Penentuan energi aktivasi ion untuk melewati membran teflon pada berbagai larutan elektrolit
Abstrak: Kaseno (1999) menyatakan bahwa dalam teknologi pemisahan, membran adalah bahan yang dapat memisahkan dua komponen dengan cara yang spesifik yaitu menahan atau melewatkan salah satu komponen lebih cepat dari komponen lainnya. Kemampuan pemisahan yang dimiliki oleh membran untuk melewatkan suatu senyawa kimia atau molekul diakibatkan oleh adanya perbedaan sifat fisika atau kimia antara membran dengan senyawa kimia.
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