Judul: Teknik homogenisasi dan pra peningkatan skala proses mikroenkapsulasi minyak sawit
Abstrak: Palm oil is one of the very important commodities in Indonesia, however the utilization of palm oil as downstream products is remain limited. Palm oil has unique characteristics because of it's carotenoids amounting of 500-700 ppm. On the other hand, carotenoids are very sensitive to heat and oxidation. Microencapsulation by spray drying is one of the methods to protect those active components. Homogenization is the main process in the formation of an emulsion of palm oil before drying process. This process is influenced by speed, time and volume of homogenization. Results showed that the process of homogenization affect the quality and characteristics of emulsion and microencapsulate of palm oil. An increase in the scale of material volume and lenght of time does not affect significant the characteristics of microencapsulate palm oil such as water content, solubility and aw, but its will affect the emulsion stability, surface oil, carotene and efficiency of microencapsulation and also affecting the quality of microencapsulate.
Keyword: spray dryer, scale up, palm oil, microencapsulation, homogenization, carotene, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Pra Peningkatan Skala Proses Nanoemulsifikasi Minyak Sawit dengan High Pressure Homogenizer
Abstrak: Palm oil is the most widely produced and traded edible oil in the world. Compared to other vegetable oils, palm oil has a superior nutrient content, such as carotenoids, which is contained 400-1000 ppm in crude palm oil. Carotenoids in palm oil has a high bioavalibility as it is present in a free form in the oil matrix. However, carotenoids in palm oil matrix has a low solubility in water so it is difficult to be added in food product. Nanoemulsion system is a solution to increase solubility and bioavailbility of the components. This study observed effect of emulsifiers and pressure on the characteristics and stability of the nanoemulsion. Nanoemulsion was subjected to high pressure homogenizer at pressure of 100, 200, and 300 bar. Emulsifier which was used in this study is Tween 80 at a concentration of 20% and 30%. Increased of pressure and emulsifier concentration reduce the output flow rate. The use of Tween 80 with a greater concentration resulted smaller particle size and more stable nanoemulsion, but did not affect the levels of carotenoids. Higher pressure of the homogenizer resulted smaller particle size and lower carotenoid levels.
Keyword: pressure, particle size, nanoemulsion, emulsifier, carotenoids, Bogor Agricultural University (IPB)

Judul: Prevalence of Bird Lice on Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia
Abstrak: Rock Pigeon (Columba livia) have coexisted with humans for thousands of years and are used for various purposes such as food and in sports. Rock pigeons may have the potential to be infested with a wide range of ectoparasites, which can have a significant impact on their life cycle. This study aims to measure the prevalence of Columba livia with bird lice in 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia in the year 2020 and to ascertain the impact of bird lice on the health of these infested birds. Data were collected from clinical records for the month of January to December in the year 2020 from 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Lice were identified in 42 of the 80 Rock pigeons examined so, the overall prevalence of lice infestations was 52.5%. The prevalence of ectoparasites was found to be higher in young Rock pigeons (60.4%) as compared to adult Rock pigeons (37.4%). Columbicola columbae (wing lice) and Colpocephalum turbinatum (body lice) are two species of lice that have been detected. Body lice were more prevalent in young Columba livia birds at 47.6% whereas wing lice were more prevalent in adult Columba livia birds at 16.7%. Most of the lice were found in the thorax and abdomen area followed by the head and neck area., Merpati Batu (Columba livia) telah hidup berdampingan dengan manusia selama ribuan tahun dan digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan seperti makanan dan olahraga. Merpati batu dapat terinfestasi dengan berbagai ektoparasit, yang dapat berdampak signifikan pada siklus hidup mereka. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi Columba livia dengan kutu burung di 99 Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia pada tahun 2020 dan untuk memastikan dampaknya terhadap kesehatan burung yang terinfestasi. Data dikumpulkan dari catatan klinis dari bulan Januari hingga Desember tahun 2020 dari 99Wonderland Park, Selangor, Malaysia. Kutu diidentifikasi pada 42 dari 80 merpati batu yang diperiksa sehingga, prevalensi keseluruhan infestasi kutu adalah 52,5%. Prevalensi ektoparasit ditemukan lebih tinggi pada merpati batu muda (60,4%) dibandingkan dengan merpati batu dewasa (37,4%). Columbicola columbae (kutu sayap) dan Colpocephalum turbinatum (kutu badan) adalah dua spesies kutu yang telah ditemukan. Kutu badan lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia muda sebesar 47,6% sedangkan kutu sayap lebih banyak ditemukan pada burung Columba livia dewasa sebesar 16,7%. Sebagian besar kutu ditemukan di daerah dada dan abdomen diikuti daerah kepala dan leher.
Keyword: Columba livia, prevalence, ectoparasite, wing lice, body lice, Columba livia, prevalensi, ektoparasit, kutu sayap, kutu badan