Judul: Pengembangan Formulasi Biopestisida Berbahan Aktif Bacillus subtilis AB89 dan Staphylococcus epidermidis BC4 untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri pada Tomat
Abstrak: Ralstonia solancearum is a pathogen of bacterial wilt disease on tomato. One of the alternatives for disease control is the application of biocontrol agents. Biocontrol agents which have been able to control the disease are Bacillus subtilis AB89 (PGPR) and Staphylococcus epidermidis BC4 (endophyte). This research was conducted to evaluate the viability of those bacteria in formulation and the effectiveness of the formulation to control the bacterial wilt disease of tomato. B. subtilis AB89 (BS) and S. epidermidis BC4 (BC) ware formulated singly in liquid (BS and BC) and powder (TBS and TBC) formulation contained talc powder and/or xanthan gum. The liquid formulation of B. subtilis AB89 (BS) and S. epidermidis BC4 (BC) effectively suppressed the incidence of the disease, with control effectiveness was up to 55.55% and 54.94%, respectively. The liquid formulation BC, BS and the powder formulation TBS were able to promote the plant growth. Populations of S. epidermidis BC4 was stable within powder and liquid formulations during 8 weeks of storing. Population of B. subtilis AB89 in powder and liquid formulations declined on 1 week after storage, but stable until 8 weeks after storage.
Keyword: xanthan gum., R. solanacearum, PGPR, endophytic bacteria

Judul: ^aKeefektifan Formulasi Biopestisida Berbahan Aktif Bakteri Endofit dan Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria Setelah Penyimpanan untuk Mengendalikan Layu Bakteri pada Tomat
Abstrak: Ralstonia solanacearum is one of the important pathogens that cause bacterial wilt in tomatoes which is difficult to be controlled because it has a lot of races and able to survive in the soil for a long time. As an alternative, biological control agents such as endophytic bacteria and PGPR have been widely applied to control the bacterial wilt disease. There were some isolates of endophytic bacteria and PGPR have been effective as biological control agents that suppress bacterial wilt disease, such as B. subtilis AB89, P. fluorescens RH4003, and S. epidermidis BC4. This research was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of biopesticide formulations which contain endophytic bacteria or PGPR B. subtilis AB89, P. fluorescens RH4003, and S. epidermidis BC4 after storage to control the bacterial wilt disease of tomato. Each of the bacteria was formulated using talc powder and liquid medium wich added with xanthan gum (XG) and stored for 3 months at 11-14 ºC. The effectiveness of formulation were examined in the greenhouse. Two weeks old of tomato plants were transplanted into polybags with diameter of 25 cm filled with soil infested by R. solanacearum. The tomato plants were treated with liquid formulation of B. subtilis AB89 (BSC), powder formulation of B. subtilis AB89 (BST), liquid formulation of P. fluorescens RH4003 (PFC), powder formulation of P. fluorescens RH4003 (PFT), liquid formulation of S. epidermidis BC4 (BC4C), powder formulation of S. epidermidis BC4 (BC4T), and sterilized distilled water as control. Ten mililiters of liquid formulation were poured around the root of tomato after transplanting and 10 g of powder formulation was mixed with soil around the root. Plant growth and the disease incidence were calculated every week, up to 6 weeks after transplanting. The experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with 7 treatments and 3 replication as blocks. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance with DMRT using statistical analysis system (SAS) version 9.1. This research shown that the most effective formulation after storage was liquid formulation of B. subtilis AB89. Liquid formulation of B. subtilis AB89 and P. fluorescens RH4003 shown higher index of disease suppressing compared with powder formulations and control.
Keyword: Bogor Agricultural University, Bacillus subtilis AB89, endophytic bacteria, Pseudomons fluorescens RH4003, Staphylococcus epidermidis BC4

Judul: Studi kasus migran pedagang kaki lima di pasar Senen, Jakarta Pusat
Abstrak: Sejak Jakarta menjadi ibukota negara RI, Jakarta tidak pernah sepi dari arus migrasi penduduk. Masuknya para migran ke Jakarta disebabkan karena pertumbuhan fisik yang nyata, yaitu dari pembangunan gedung perkantoran, fasilitas hiburan dan lainnya, memberi daya tarik bagi orang bukan penduduk Jakarta. Termasuk di antara migran adalah kaum golongan kecil yang berasal dari kalangan sirkuit bawah desa. Alasan utama migrasi di sirkuit bawah, yaitu khususnya yang akhirnya bekerja sebagai pedagang kaki lima di Pasar Senen ini pindah ke Jakarta, adalahJakarta menawarkan kesempatan kerja bagi siapa saja yang mau bekerja. Karena di desa tak ada pekerjaan yang dapat menampung golongan muda, kaum migran meninggalkan desa menuju Jakarta. Pola migrasi masuk ke Jakarta tidak dipengaruhi oleh kemungkinan golongan muda mampir di kota-kota kecil sebelum tiba di Jakarta. Keberanian dan tekad bulat meninggalkan desa asal didorong pula oleh sumber cerita tentang Jakarta (saudara/kenalan) yang juga mengalami bahwa setiba di Jakarta mereka akan langsung bekerja. Pendidikan rendah, tidak memiliki ketrampilan, orang petani/buruh tani, merupakan bagian kecil latar tua belakang sosial migran pedagang kaki lima. Memperoleh pekerjaan apa saja asal halal pada mulanya, tempat tinggal dimana saja, modal kecil dan pendapatan harian yang rendah juga mewarnai hidup para migran pedagang kaki lima di Jakarta. Namun sekalipun demikian mereka tetap hidup, bahkan dapat mengirim uang ke desa asal, pulang ke desa minimum setahun sekali dan sedikit-sedikit mampumenabung. Bekerja sebagai pedagang kaki lima sudah ditekuni selama lebih dari lima tahun bahkan ada yang lebih dari tujuh tahun. Inipun dimulai setelah minimum selama dua tahun migran mengerjakan apa saja di Pasar Senen: yang penting dapat uang dan bisa hidup di Jakarta. Bahkan modal membuka usaha kaki lima diperoleh dari selama bekerja mula-mula itu. untuk pengumpulan upah Sekalipun terdapat kenaikan tingkat kehidupan sosial di kota dibandingkan dari desa, kaum migran pedagang lima di Pasar Senen ini tetap berada bawah kota. di kaki bawah sirkuit Ikatan-ikatan baru di kota hampir tidak terjadi kecuali ikatan-ikatan kedaerahan yang terus dipertahankan.
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