Judul: Studi Kasus : Kecamatan Pacet dan KecamatanWarungkondang, Kabupaten Cianjur, Propinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Simply, land rent or economic rent can be defined as an economic surplus which is the surplus production over totally cost. Based on economic rent concept, the highest and the best use of land is a condition where the land could optimize the profit. The aims of this research are (1) comparing land rent of horticulture and rice commodities, (2) carrying out financial analysis of horticulture and rice commodities and (3) determining factors that affecting land rent and production of both commodities.
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Judul: Studi Perbandingan Land Rent Antara Lahan Komoditas Hortikultur Dengan Padi Dan Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhinya (Studi Kasus : Kecamatan Pacet dan Kecamatan Warungkondang, Kabupaten Cianjur, Propinsi Jawa Barat)
Abstrak: Simply, land rent or economic rent cart be defined as an economic surplus which is the surplus production over totally cost. Based on economic rent concept, the highest and the best use of land is a condition where the land could optimize the profit. The aims or this research are (1) comparing land rent of horticulture and rice commodities, (2) carrying out financial analysis of horticulture and rice commodities and (3) determining factors that affecting land rent and productior of boih commodities. This research was located in Kecamatan Pacet and Kecamatan Warungkondang. The main commoditit:~in both of Kecarnatan are horticulture, which is divided into seven patterns of cultivation and rice. In this research, prime data is mostly used. The prime data are acquired from interview using questionaire on 80 fanners (40 rice farmers and 40 horticulhtre farmers). It was employed land rent analysis, financial analysis and multiple regression analysis. Land rent analysis of horticulture commodities results show that land rent values ranging from -Rp. 2.992,82 to Kp. 17.304,36, whereas the land rent for rice commodity is Rp 517,23. Financial analysis results show that rice commodity suitable to be developed are rice, horticulture with pattern of cultivation I1 (Pokcoy-Carrot-Leek), IV (Horinso and Kaelan) and VII (Carrot and Chinese Cabbage), respectively. Factors which affect land rent are acreage of planting, seeds, fertilizers, labours, taxes, tools, production, and reduced value of tools. Factors affecting production are acreage of planting, seeds, fertilizers, labours, taxes, tools, tractor rent, and wage for planting seedlings.
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Judul: Influenza Specific Immunoglobulin Y Purification from Egg Yolk with Sodium Chloride Precipitation Method
Abstrak: Imunoglobulin Yolk (IgY) yang terdapat dalam kuning telur telah banyak dimanfaatkan untuk imunoterapi dan imunodiagnostik. Salah satu kendala dalam pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur adalah pemisahan Ig dengan lemak, sehingga teknik pemurnian Ig selalu berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan pemurnian IgY dari kuning telur dengan metode pengendapan menggunakan sodium chloride (NaCl) serta melakukan karakterisasi IgY spesifik influenza. Sodium chloride dipilih karena bahan kimia ini relatif murah, ramah lingkungan, dan tidak merusak imunoaktivitas IgY. Kuning telur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berasal dari telur ayam layer yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin influenza Flubio® yang berisi virus Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 dan B/Washington. Pemurnian IgY hanya dilakukan pada kuning telur yang mengandung antibodi spesifik influenza. Deteksi keberadaan antibodi spesifik influenza ditentukan dengan uji agar gel presipitasi (AGP) dan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Konsentrasi IgY hasil pemurnian dihitung dengan spektrofotometer dan karakterisasi protein dilakukan dengan metode Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Konsentrasi protein dari hasil pemurnian IgY memiliki nilai rata – rata 50,403 mg/mL. Hasil SDS-PAGE menunjukkan enam pita protein, yaitu struktur IgY utuh (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), rantai berat IgY (66,54 kDa), Fab ( 47,65 kDa), rantai ringan IgY (21,85 kDa), dan β-livetin (36,74 kDa). IgY hasil pemurnian masih dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza berdasarkan uji ELISA. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pemurnian IgY menggunakan metode pengendapan NaCl dapat memurnikan IgY dengan struktur utuh, meskipun masih ada dua protein tidak spesifik hasil pemurnian. IgY yang dapat berikatan dengan antigen influenza mengindikasikan prospek pemanfaatannya untuk pencegahan influenza dan imunodiagnostik., Yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) contained in egg yolk has been widely used for immunotherapy and immunodiagnostics. One of the obstacles in IgY purification from egg yolk is separating Ig from fat, so that IgY purification techniques are always developing. This study aimed to purify IgY from egg yolk using sodium chloride (NaCl) precipitation method and to characterize influenza-specific IgY. Sodium chloride was chosen because this chemical is relatively unexpensive, environmentally friendly, and does not impair IgY immunoactivity. The egg yolks used in this study were collected from layer eggs vaccinated with the Flubio® influenza vaccine, which contains the Influenza A/H3N2, A/H1N1 and B/Washington viruses. IgY purification was only carried out on egg yolks containing influenza specific antibodies. The presence of influenza-specific antibodies was determined by the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test and the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. The purified IgY concentration was determined using spectrophotometer, and protein characterization was performed using the Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) method. Protein concentration from purification has a mean value of 50,403 mg/mL . SDS-PAGE result showed six protein bands, namely intact IgY structure (174,63 kDa), Apoprotein-LDL (129,77 kDa), IgY heavy chain (66,54 kDa), Fab (47,65 kDa), IgY light chain (21,85 kDa), and β-livetin (36,74 kDa). The purified IgY still able to bind with influenza antigen based on the ELISA test. The results of this study indicate that purification of IgY using the NaCl precipitation method can purify IgY with intact structure, although there are still two unspecific proteins in the purification results. The resulting IgY can bind to influenza antigens indicating the
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, influenza, egg yolk, purification, sodium chloride