Judul: Formulasi Sabun Padat Tanah Liat Kaolin dengan
Sukrosa Ester Sawit di PT Ratu Bio Indonesia
Abstrak: Sabun padat tanah liat kaolin adalah salah satu jenis sabun yang dapat digunakan untuk membersihkan najis berat (Najis mughalladzah). Sukrosa ester merupakan kelompok unik dari emulsifier, surfaktan non-ionik, dan sepenuhnya terdegradasi secara biologis, diperoleh melalui transesterifikasi metil ester dengan sukrosa. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan konsentrasi terbaik dari ester sukrosa dan tanah liat kaolin, serta mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi kaolin dan sukrosa ester terhadap karakteristik sabun. Sabun dibuat dengan mencari konsentrasi yang sesuai untuk bahan-bahan yang digunakan dalam pembuatan sabun berdasarkan hukum syariah Islam, di mana jumlah tanah berdasarkan fatwa dewan ulama minimal 5%. Dalam penelitian ini, variasi konsentrasi ester sukrosa yang digunakan adalah 2, 4, dan 6%, sedangkan konsentrasi tanah liat kaolin adalah 20, 25, dan 30%. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 9 perlakuan dan tiga ulangan. Pengamatan terhadap sabun tanah meliputi pH, uji busa, tingkat kekerasan, kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas, dan uji organoleptik. Formulasi sabun tanah terbaik berdasarkan hasil uji organoleptik adalah sabun dengan konsentrasi kaolin sebesar 25% dan sukrosa ester 4%. Abstract: Kaolin clay solid soap is one type of the soaps that can be used for cleansing heavy impurities (Mughalladzah najis). Sucrose ester is a unique group of emulsifiers, non-ionic surfactants, and fully biodegradable, obtained through transesterification of methyl ester with sucrose. This research aims were to obtain the optimal concentration of sucrose ester and kaolin clay and to know the characteristics and quality of soil soap. The soap was made by finding the suitable concentration for the ingredients used to make soap based on Islamic sharia law, where the amount of soil based on the edict (fatwa) of the ulama council is a minimum of 5%. In this study, variations in the concentration of sucrose ester used were 2, 4, and 6%, while the concentrations of kaolin clay were 20, 25, and 30%. This research used completely randomized design (CRD) with 9 treatments and three replications. Observations of the soil soap bar includes pH, foam test, hardness level, moisture content, free fatty acids, and organoleptic tests. The best formulation of soil soap based on organoleptic test results is soap with a concentration of 25% kaolin and 4% sucrose ester.
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Judul: Formulasi Krim Wajah Berbahan Emulsifier Sukrosa Ester  Sawit di PT Ratu Bio Indonesia
Abstrak: PT Ratu Bio Indonesia (RBI) merupakan perusahaan yang memproduksi produk hand sanitizer, hand soap, sabun antiseptik, dan specialty soap. Permintaan terhadap produk kosmetik dan personal care yang meningkat setiap tahunnya menjadi latar belakang bagi PT RBI dalam mengembangkan bisnisnya ke ranah produk kosmetik dan personal care berbahan emulsifier sukrosa ester sawit. Salah satu produk kosmetik yang ingin dikembangkan adalah krim wajah. Sukrosa ester adalah salah satu surfaktan nonionik yang berfungsi sebagai zat pengemulsi atau emulsifier dengan toksisitas rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui formulasi krim wajah terbaik dengan tiga kelompok. Tiap kelompok terdiri dari dua faktor, yaitu tiga perlakuan konsentrasi sukrosa ester dan dua ulangan. Tiga perlukuan konsentrasi yaitu persentase penambahan sukrosa ester dengan taraf (2; 6; dan 10%). Penelitian dilakukan dengan tiga tahapan, yaitu persiapan bahan, formulasi krim wajah, dan pengujian karakteristik. Pemilihan formulasi krim wajah terbaik ditentukan berdasarkan parameter pengujian karakteristik terpilih dengan pembobotan organoleptik metode Analythycal Hierarchy Process (AHP) dan pembobotan hasil laboratorium metode Composite Performance Index (CPI). Berdasarkan hasil pembobotan, formulasi dengan persentase penambahan sukrosa ester miristat sebanyak 2% memiliki keunggulan yang lebih dibandingkan dengan formulasi lainnya. Formulasi tersebut menunjukan bahwa karakteristik krim wajah yang baik, diantaranya memiliki nilai pH 6,8; viskositas 5888 cP; ukuran globul 3,36 μm; penampakan homogen; dan tipe emulsi m/a, tidak terdapat pertumbuhan bakteri pada uji angka lempeng total. Hasil pengujian karakteristik krim wajah terbaik sudah sesuai dengan standar., PT Ratu Bio Indonesia (RBI) is an company that produces hand sanitizer, hand soap, antiseptic soap, and specialty soap. The demand for cosmetic and personal care products which increases every year is the background for PT RBI in developing its business into the realm of cosmetic and personal care products made from sucrose ester palm emulsifiers. One of the cosmetic products to be developed is face cream. Sucrose ester is a nonionic surfactant which functions as an emulsifier or emulsifier with low toxicity. This study aims to determine the best facial cream formulation with three groups, in each group consisting of two factors, namely three treatments of sucrose ester concentrations and two replications. Three concentrations were taken, namely the percentage of addition of sucrose ester with a level of (2; 6; and 10%). The research was carried out in three stages, namely preparation of ingredients, formulation of facial creams, and testing of characteristics. Selection of the best facial cream formulation was determined based on the selected characteristic test parameters with organoleptic weighting Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and laboratory results weighting Composite Performance Index (CPI) method. Based on the weighting results, the formulation with the percentage of addition of 2% sucrose miristate ester has more advantages compared to other formulations. This formulation shows the characteristics of a good face cream, including having a pH value of 6.8; viscosity 5888 cP; globule size 3.36 μm; homogeneous appearance; and o/a emulsion type, there was no bacterial growth in the total plate count test. The results of testing the characteristics of the best face cream are in accordance with the standards.
Keyword: emulsifier, krim wajah, minyak sawit, sukrosa ester

Judul: Dynamical System of Hepatitis B in Three Groups with Vaccination
Abstrak: The aim of this study is to modify the hepatitis B transmission model in three age groups involving vaccination from the model conducted by Zhoe and Zhang.The method used is to analyze the stability of the fixed point and its basic reproduction number (R_0). Performed stability analysis and numerical simulation to see population dynamics. Next, a sensitivity analysis of the parameters was carried out to see its effect on R_0. From the analysis obtained two fixed points, namely non-endemic and endemic fixed points. Non-endemic fixed points are locally asymptotically stable if R_0 <1 Meanwhile, the endemic fixed point is locally asymptotically stable if R_0 > 1. Hepatitis vaccination affects the number of susceptible population, because the more successful the vaccination, the smaller the number of susceptible populations so that the smaller the population will be infected.
Keyword: Dynamic, Hepatitis B, Vaccine, Mathematical model