Judul: Simulation of Temperature Distribution and Airflow Pattern on a Modified Standard Peak Greenhouse Equipped with Mechanical Ventilation Using CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics).
Abstrak: The application of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) in the agricultural engineering is commonly employed to solve environmental problems of greenhouses and agricultural production facilities. In this research, CFD was used to simulate temperature distribution and airflow pattern on a modified standard peak greenhouse. Climate data and the greenhouse properties (wind speed, solar radiation, relative humidity, environmental temperature, insect screen porosity, radiative surface of roof, etc.) were defined as inputs for the simulation. The effect of insect screens and exhaust fan application to airflow pattern and temperature distribution inside the greenhouse were also investigated and quantified. Results of this research showed that insect screens significantly reduced airflow and increased thermal gradients inside the greenhouse, but exhaust fan performance had less effects on airflow pattern and temperature distribution. Maximum air velocity inside the greenhouse observed near the openings sidewall ventilation and in the middle of greenhouse wind directions were different or the wind spinned (butterfly-like pattern) within the greenhouse. Natural ventilations performed more effectively than mechanical ventilations by using exhaust fans. The CFD model succeded to simulate temperature distribution and airflow pattern of the greenhouse. The realibility test on temperature distribution showed that maximum error of 9.87 % which is smaller than 10 %, and the uniformity coefficient of 98.2 %.
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Judul: Flow type and temperature distribution analysis at standard peak greenhouse using Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Abstrak: This experiment was analyzed of air flow and temperature distribution in standard peak greenhouse using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) as a basic consideration for air movement design. The method is using three models of greenhouse which modified condition of being slant roof to be 30o and 45o. The dimensions of greenhouse existing were: 12 m in length, 6 m in width, and 5,14 m in height. The floor was made from concrete. Polycarbonate was used as roof of the greenhouse and the wall was use screen as natural ventilation with 1,5 mm2. The results of the analysis showed that during the daytime, air temperature inside greenhouse surrounding the roof increased by the condition of being slant roof is steep. The CFD simulation showed clearly the air flow and temperature distribution in greenhouse. This cause showed the average of error at 00:00 o’clock is 1,44%, at 07:00 o’clock is 1,83%, at 12:00 o’clock is 2,34%, and at 17:00 o’clock is 1,49%. Therefore, it can be used as basic consideration for the modified of slant roof design with respect to low air temperature and uniform air temperature distribution. It was recommended that one of the optimal condition of being slant roof is 30o.
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Judul: Perumusan Strategi Bisnis Pt.Karana Line
Abstrak: PT. Karana Line adalah sebuah perusahaan pelayaran yang memberikan layanan jasa transportasi laut. Perusahaan ini didirikan pada tanggal 25 April 1967 di Jakarta. Pada bulan Mei 1999 jumlah tenaga kerja mencapai 329 orang. PT.Karana Line merupakan salah satu anggota Indonesian National Shipowner Association (INSA) dan Indonesian National Line (INL) yang cukup dikenal di Indonesia. Pada tanggal 21 November 1988 pemerintah mengeluarkan kebijakan yang dikenal dengan Paket Kebijaksanaan November (PAKNOV) 21/1988 dimana dengan adanya kebijakan ini banyak bermunculan perusahaan pelayaran yang tidak memiliki kapal sendiri. Padahal kepemilikan kapal merupakan salah satu persyaratan pendirian perusahaan pelayaran yang cukup berat sebelum adanya PAKNOV 21/1988. Meskipun perusahaan- perusahaan pelayaran tersebut tidak memiliki kapal sendiri, namun dapat mengoperasikan dan mengageni kapal nasional maupun asing, sehingga terjadi persaingan ketat dalam bidang angkutan laut di Indonesia. Krisis ekonomi dan politik yang melanda Indonesia menjelang era pasar bebas telah mendorong PT Karana Line untuk menerapkan strategi yang sesuai dengan kondisi internal maupun eksternal perusahaan. Untuk itu perlu ditelaah 1). Faktor faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi perkembangan - usaha PT.Karana Line, 2). Strategi apa yang akan digunakan untuk keberhasilan pengembangan usaha PT. Karana Line, 3). Program apa yang perlu dilakukan untuk mewujudkan strategi dalam mengembangkan usaha PT.Karana line, 4). Sistem pelayanan mana yang perlu dioptimalkan, sehingga memberikan keuntungan maksimal....dst
Keyword: strategi bisnis