Judul: Efforts to Reduce Weight Loss on Chicken Karaage Production with PDCA Approach and Pick Up Observation on Some Product Weights at PT XYZ
Abstrak: PT XYZ merupakan industri pangan yang mengembangkan beberapa produk olahan daging ayam, salah satunya adalah chicken karaage. Berdasarkan data di perusahaan, PT XYZ masih mengalami kendala yang ditandai dengan tingginya persentase loss thawing sebesar 5,44%. Penyusutan bobot tersebut dapat berpengaruh pada jumlah produk yang dihasilkan. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan menurunkan susut bobot bahan serta mencari tahu faktor-faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap susut bobot dengan pendekatan PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action). Langkah perbaikan yang dilakukan adalah menggunakan metode pembekuan cepat (Individually Quick Freezing), meninimalisasi kejadian holding time selama pengumpulan bahan baku, dan perlakuan thawing pada suhu chilling room (13,2 °C). Hasil perbaikan menunjukkan persentase total susut bobot menurun menjadi 2,70% yang terdiri atas persentase susut bobot pada beberapa tahapan, yaitu setelah pembekuan (1,79%), penyimpanan sementara (0,28%), dan setelah thawing (0,62%). Selain susut bobot, pengamatan juga dilakukan pada %pick up predust, batter, breader, dan frying. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan kelompok berat daging 28–32 gram berpengaruh nyata (p < 0,05) terhadap %pick up predust pada taraf signifikansi 0,05. Sedangkan pada kelompok berat daging 18–22 gram, PT XYZ is a food industry that develops several processed chicken meat products, one of which is chicken karaage. Based on data from the company, PT XYZ is still experiencing constraints characterized by a high percentage of thawing loss of 5,44%. Depreciation of such weights can affect the number of products produced. Therefore, this study aimed to reduce the weight of ingredients and found out the factors that affect thawing loss with PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) approach. The corrective steps are to use the Method of Rapid Freezing (Individually Quick Freezing), initialize the occurrence of holding time during the collection of raw materials, and thawing treatment at chilling room temperature (13,2 °C). The results showed the percentage of total weight loss decreased to 2,70% consisting of a percentage of weight loss at several stages, namely after freezing (1,79%), temporary storage (0,28%), and after thawing (0,62%). In addition to weight loss, observations were also made on %pick up predust, batter, breader, and frying. The results of statistical analysis showed that the meat weight group of 28–32 grams had a noticeable effect (p < 0,05) on %pick up predust at a significance level of 0,05. While in the meat weight group 18–22 grams and 23–27 grams showed no noticeable influence (p > 0,05).
Keyword: Chicken karaage, pembekuan, pendekatan PDCA, susut bobot, thawing, Chicken karaage, freezing, PDCA approach, thawing, weight loss

Judul: Application of PDCA Cycle in Reducing The Cooking Broken Chicken Sausage at PT XYZ
Abstrak: Produk pangan ready-to-cook merupakan produk pangan yang memberikan kemudahan bagi para kosumen. PT XYZ merupakan salah satu perusahaan yang memproduksi produk sosis siap masak dengan berbagai varian. Berdasarkan delapan prinsip manajemen kualitas, PT XYZ melakukan perbaikan berkelanjutan dalam upaya peningkatan kualitas proses produksi. Reject product sosis ayam akibat pecah cooking merupakan salah satu permasalahan dalam perusahaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan penyebab pecah cooking pada sosis ayam serta menentukan rancangan penanggulangan berupa tindakan preventif ataupun korektif. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode PDCA (Plan, Do, Check, Action) yang mengikuti delapan langkah GKM. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat 3 faktor produksi yang menyebabkan pecah cooking yaitu faktor metode untuk pemasakan sosis, faktor mesin berupa produk overweight, dan faktor material selongsong rapuh serta tingkat kekerasan sosis yang terlalu tinggi. Penerapan rancangan penanggulangan menunjukkan persentase pecah cooking menurun sebesar 0,28% dan persentase total cacat juga menurun sebesar 0,7% setelah penanggulangan berupa penggantian bearing metering pump dilakukan.
Keyword: GKM, PDCA, Pecah cooking, Perbaikan berkelanjutan, Sosis ayam

Judul: Merremia dennstedt ex endlicher (Convolvulaceae) in Sumatra.
Abstrak: Merremia is a small genus in the family Convolvulaceae. Merremia is a perennial or annual herb or woody liana with stems creeping or twinning on trees or rocks, put out milky white sap when injured and some species with tubers. Merremia is often confused with genus Ipomoea, due to they have resemblance in funnel shaped or campanulate corolla and straight anther. Phenetically, some members of Merremia have yellow flower whereas Ipomoea has white, purple or purplish white. Merremia is also confused with Operculina due both have non-spinulose pollen and dehiscent capsule. Nevertheless, Operculina characterized by circumciselli capsule and Merremia characterized by valve capsule. The important character in Merremia is the spread of the hairs on corolla that can be easily observed at the mature flower bud. The genus Merremia is found in the tropical regions of both hemispheres. Merremia wildly distributed throughout the tropical regions of Asia, Africa, Australia, North and South America and approximately there were 80 species of Merremia in the world. A Total of 175 sheets (164 collection numbers) which are deposited in Herbarium Bogoriense, 97 sheets (95 collection numbers) which are deposited Andalas University Herbarium (ANDA) and 9 sheets (4 collection numbers) which are deposited in BIOTROP Herbarium (BIOT) were studied. It composed of all specimens of Merremia in Sumatra. Additional specimens were collected by the author 28 sheets (15 collection numbers) from North Sumatra, West Sumatra and Lampung, which are stored in BO and BIOT. The digital data that consist of type specimens and distributions of species from JSTOR Plant Science and Convolvulaceae Unlimited were also used here. All the hebarium specimens were studied based on their morphological characters following de Vogel (1987) and Rifai (1976). The terminology of morphological characters followed Lawrence (1955), Veldkamp (1987), Harris and Harris (1994), Hickey and King (2005) and Stearn (1983). Information on the habitat, ecology, distribution, vernacular names and uses were noted from the specimens label and literatures. Taxonomic studies in Sumatra were conducted. There are eight species, one subspecies, one varietas and two forma from nine previously species (M. cissoides, M. dissecta, M. emarginata, M. hirta, M. peltata, M. quinquefolia, M. tridentata, M. tuberosa and M. vitifolia), two subspecies (M. umbellata ssp. orientalis and M. tridentata ssp. hastata), one varietas (M. boisiana var. sumatrana) and two forma (M. hederacea f. pubescens and M. hederacea f. barbata) can be recognized. One species (M. tridentata) and subspecies (M. tridentata ssp. hastata) are excluded because they have been proposed to different new taxa Xenostegia by Austin and Staples. The existence of M. emarginata was noted as new record in Sumatra and M. cissoides was noted as new record in Indonesia. A phylogenetic analysis using PAUP*4.Ob10 was undertaken based on morphological characters, using Evolvulus nummularius and Porana volubis as the out group. The phylogenetic analysis used 35 morphological characters was resulted consistency index (CI) = 0.60, homoplasy index (HI) = 0.40, retention index (RI) = 0.56 and Rescaled consistency index (RC) = 0.34. Phylogenetic tree used morphological characters divided taxa into two groups. The separation support M. boisiana var. sumatrana, M. cissoides, M.
Keyword: Convolvulaceae, Merremia, morphology, phylogenetic, Sumatra