Judul: Analisis optimalisasi faktor produksi usaha budidaya ikan nila gift (Oreochromis sp) di tambak "tiga delapan windu tani", desa Gebang Mekar, kecamatan Gebang, kabupaten Cirebon
Abstrak: Keberhasilan suatu usaha budidaya ikan dapat ditunjang dengan tersedianya faktor produksi secara kontinu dalam jumlah yang tepat Untuk mencapai keuntungan maksimal salah satunya adalah dengan cara penggunaan faktor produksi secara optimal. Pada dasarnya prinsip optimalisasi adalah menggunakan faktor produksi tersebut seefisien mungkin. Efisiensi usaha budidaya ikan nila gift adalah bagaimana memperoleh keuntungan maksimum dengan penggunaan faktor produksi (input) yang tepat. Efisiensi usaha budidaya untuk satu kali musim tanam dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan fungsi produksi Cobb-Douglas.
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Judul: Analisis optimalisasi usaha budidaya pembesaran ikan lele dumbo, di kecamatan Parung, kabupaten Bogor, provinsi Jawa Barat
Abstrak: Desa Cogrek adalab salab satu desa yang ada di Kecamatan Parung yang cukup potensial di bidang usaba perikanan khususnya usaba budidaya Ikan Lele. Usaha budidaya Ikan Lele di Desa Cogrek ini mulai berkembang pesat sejak terjadinya krisis moneter. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Desa Cogrek, Kecamatan Parung, Kabupaten Boger, Provinsi Jawa Barat selama satu setengab bulan yaitu pada pertengaban bulan April sampai pada bulan Mei tabun 200I. Dalam penelitian ini dipelajari faktorfaktor produksi ydng diduga berpengaruh terhadap produksi Ikan Lele Dumbo, alokasi penggunaan faktor produksi yang optimal dan pendapatan yang diterima saat dilakukan optimalisasi terhadap faktor-faktor produksi. Basil penelitian menunjukkan babwa faktor produksi yang diduga berpengaruh terhadap hasil produksiadalah luas kolam (Xl), benih (X2), pakan (X3), tenaga kerja (X4), lama pemeliharaan (X5). Hasil analisis dengan menggunakan uji t menunjukkan bahwa faktor produksi yang diduga berpengaruh nyata terhadap hasil produksi Ikan Lele Dumbo dengan taraf kepercayaan 99 % adalah benih dan pakan. Hasil analisis pendapatan petani setelah dilakukan optimalisasi terhadap faktor produksi lebih menguntungkan dibandingkan dengan kondisi sebelum dilakukan opti malisasi.
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Judul: Systematics of Desmos (Annonaceae) in Malesia
Abstrak: Desmos is a woody climbing genus of Annonaceae which has been widely used as traditional medicine in several countries such as China, Indo-China, Thailand, and Peninsular Malaysia to treat dysentery, vertigo, fever, and postpartum. Phylogenetic studies on Desmos showed a close relationship between Desmos and Dasymaschalon. They share similar moniliform monocarpic fruits, but their flowers are different. It has been debated among Annonaceae researchers whether both genera should be treated as the same or distinct genus. Therefore, investigation on the taxonomic delimitation of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon will be necessary. Plastid genome (plastome) identification, leaf epidermal section of Desmos species and Dasymaschalon species, a taxonomic revision of Desmos in Malesia using morphological data, the spatial distribution of Desmos species in Malesia, and morphological and genetic variation in Desmos chinensis population using ISSR marker were used to investigate taxonomic delimitation of Desmos. Plastome study of Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was carried out to determine the origin, evolution, phylogenomics, and identify marker candidates for Desmos and Dasymaschalon or with other genera in Annonaceae. We discovered that the plastome of Desmos chinensis was circular with the size of 167,677 bp (smaller than Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum), consist of 111 genes, including 78 protein-coding genes, 29 transfer RNAs, and 4 ribosomal RNAs. The plastome showed a typical quadripartite structure, i.e., large single copy (LSC), small single copy (SSC), and two inverted repeats (IRs). The plastome of Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum was 191,488 bp in length, which also exhibited a typical quadripartite structure (LSC, SSC, and two IRs). Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum showed different copies of accD, ndhD, ndhF, rps18, and ycf2. Protein coding genes of rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, rpl32, infA, and rpl36 were identified based on nucleotide diversity, sequence variability, and parsimony-informative sites. The genes are defined as molecular marker candidates of plastome for phylogenetic, barcoding, and population genetic research. We predicted that Desmos chinensis and Dasymaschalon dasymaschalum separated at ca. 64 million years ago during the Paleocene. Leaf anatomical feature study was carried to support the taxonomic delimitation of interspecific Desmos and intergeneric of Desmos and Dasymaschalon. Leaf anatomy in the paradermal section of 20 taxa (12 species of Desmos, eight species of Dasymaschalon) have been carried out. According to the leaf epidermal section, Desmos and Dasymaschalon are two distinct genera mainly distinguished based on the anticlinal wall undulation of epidermal cells and supported by variation of the crystal type and size. The anticlinal wall undulation of Desmos was almost straight to slightly wavy and never sinuous; meanwhile, Dasymaschalon varies from almost straight to deeply sinusoid. The crystals of Desmos consist of rhombohedral, druse type A, and druse type B crystals, whereas Dasymaschalon has prism, druse type A, druse type B, and druse type C crystals. The recent taxonomic revision using the morphological data was mainly based on the examination of about 1374 specimens from BO, L, WAN, ANDA, SING, SAN, K, P, HUH herbaria. The Desmos species in Malesia consists of eight species: D. acutus, D. chinensis, D. chryseus, D. dunalii, D. pedunculosus, D. subbiglandulosus, two new records: D. lawii and D. macrocarpus, and one
Keyword: Dasymaschalon, Desmoid clade, Magnoliid, plastid genome, phylogenomics analysis