Judul: Persamaan regresi hubungan sifat fisiko-kimia produk hasil transesterifikasi minyak sawit dengan menggunakan katalis KNO3/atapulgit
Abstrak: The rapid human population growth has been associated with global energy need for industries, transportation, household, and etc. One of kind of energy that is used rnostly in the world is solar, fuel energy that is made from petroleum oil for diesel machine. On the other hand, biodiesel can be used as fuel energy alternative to fulfill the global need of solar. Biodiesel can be made by transesterification of palm oil and methanol mixture as raw material and catalyst. Catalyst plays important role to increase the rate of transesterification. One of potential catalyst is impregnated Potassium Nitrate to Attapulgite that acts as heterogeneous catalyst. However, because of silica, magnesium, and aluminu~n content, attapulgite can also be used as catalyst support. Transesterification of palm oil not only produces methyl ester (biodiesel) but also would change the properties of that oil, such as fiee glycerol, acid value, viscosity, and refractive index. By regression analysis of transesterification result product property change, the reaction mechanism of transesterification of palm oil using that catalyst would be understandable. The aims of the research are to determine regression analysis of relationship between properties of palm oil transesterification product with time and with one another. The step of the research are characterization of palm oil as raw material, determine the optimum of agitation rate, then determine the regression equation of relation between physical and chemical properties of palm oil transesterification product with time and with one another. Procedure of this research is started from catalyst preparation, then transesterification process using attapulgite impregnated with KNO3 as catalyst. The curve fitting least square analysis showed that the fitting mathematical model of the data regression analysis palm oil transesterification is in quadratic equation for the relation between free glycerol with reaction time, acid value with reaction time, refractive index with reaction time, and relation between kinematic viscosity with reaction time. However, the curve fitting least square analysis showed that relationship between inter-physical and chemical propelties of palm oil transesterification is in quadratic equation for the relation between free glycerol and acid value.
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Judul: Kinetika Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Reaktor Sirkulasi
Abstrak: Kinetics of transesterification using circulation reactor is studied in this research. This research is committed by reacting palm oil and methanol with ratio 1:6 at temperature 50, 60, and 70 °C using KOH as catalyst with concentration 1% of oil weights. Kinetics of transesterification is observed by measuring amount of combined glycerol that is available in methyl esters. The reduction of combined glycerol amount per unit of time is reflection how much triglyceride is converted as methyl ester. The result showed that circulation reactor can produce suitable biodiesel with quality standard in fast time. Optimum condition is acquired at temperature 60 oC on 20th minute that followed pseudo first order reaction with constanta of reaction rate as big as 0,0068 minute -1, activation energy (Ea) as big as 0,0104 kJ mol -1 , and praeksponensial factor (A) as big as 0,2254 minute-1 .
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Judul: Infeksi Cacing Jantung Dirofilaria Immitis, Railliet & Henry, 1911 Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Cacing Dirofilaria immitis dewasa yang tinggal dalm ventrikel kanan jantung anjing, sering kali menimbulkan gejala klinis yang cukup berat. Cacing Tersebut menghasilkan mikrofilaria yang selanjutnya berkembang menjadi larva infektif dalam saluran malphigi induk semang entara, yaitu nyamuk dari genus Culex, Aedes dan Anopheles.
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