Judul: Estimating of Coffee Export Volume Model with Principal Components Regression
Abstrak: Volume ekspor kopi dapat dipandang sebagai suatu data deret waktu dan sebagai suatu data sebab akibat. Sebagai suatu data deret waktu, volume ekspor dapat dimodelkan berdasarkan pengamatan- pengamatan sebelumnya menggunakan model ARIMA. Sedangkan sebagai data sebab akibat ada dua pendekatan yang dapat digunakan yaitu model volume ekspor dipengaruhi oleh waktu (regresi linear sederhana) dan volume ekspor yang dipengaruhi oleh produksi domestik, luas areal tanaman kopi, harga, nilai tukar rupiah terhadap $ US, konsumsi dunia, dan produksi dunia (regresi berganda). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menduga model volume ekspor kopi menggunakan analisis deret waktu (ARIMA), regresi linear sederhana dan regresi komponen utama untuk menghindari pengaruh multikolinearitas antar peubah bebas pada regresi berganda, kemudian membandingkan ketiganya untuk memperoleh model terbaik dan digunakan untuk meramal volume ekspor kopi. Model volume ekspor kopi diduga dengan regresi komponen utama. Meskipun nilai MSE dan lebar selang yang dimiliki oleh model ini lebih besar daripada regresi linear sederhana, akan tetapi asumsi kebebasan sisaan model regresi komponen utama cenderung terpenuhi
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Judul: Faktor-faktor yang Mempengaruhi Volume Ekspor Kopi Indonesia ke Pasar Internasional
Abstrak: Agriculture is a sector that plays a vital role in economic activity in Indonesia. The contribution of agriculture to Gross Domestic Product was around 12.72 percent in 2019, which is the third-largest proportion after the Manufacturing Industry and Wholesale and Retail Trade at 19.70 percent and Car and Bicycle Repair Motor by 13.01 percent (BPS, 2020). As one of the largest coffee exporters in the world, Indonesia has significant destination countries in exporting coffee beans. The ten countries that are the main markets for Indonesian coffee beans are the United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, Malaysia, England, Egypt, Belgium, Algeria, and India. From year to year, Indonesian coffee exports continue to fluctuate. This becomes a question, what factors affect Indonesian coffee exports to the international market. This study aims to identify the factors that influence changes in the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to major importing countries (the United States, Germany, Japan, Italy, Malaysia, England, Egypt, Belgium, Algeria, and India). The data used in this study is panel data from 2000 to 2019. The method used in this study is Panel Data Regression with a Fixed Effect Model (FEM) approach to determine whether the independent variables in this study have a significant effect on coffee exports and how the relationship between the dependent and independent variables partially. Based on the data processing carried out, it was found that Gross Domestic Product (GDP), exchange rate, and retail prices of importing countries significantly influence in a negative relationship the volume of Indonesian coffee exports to export destination countries. The Great depression in 2008 has a positive and significant relationship with the dependent variable. Meanwhile, other variables, namely the volume of production, and variable of government intervention in 2012, did not significantly affect the volume of Indonesian coffee exports.
Keyword: coffee, export volume, international market

Judul: Durability of Specific Immunoglobulin (Ig) Y Againts Influenza and Covid-19 in Sunscreen
Abstrak: The benefit of specific immunoglobulin Y (Ig Y) as an active ingredient in personal care products such as sunscreen has not been properly studied. Our study aims to evaluate the reliability of specific IgY against influenza and the COVID-19 virus in a sample sunscreen product. Specific IgY influenza and COVID-19 viruses were inserted in the sample sunscreen at two concentrations of 0.1% and 0.25%. Three treatments were observed: control (C) sunscreen without IgY, treatment 1 (T1) sunscreen with 0.1% IgY, and treatment 2 (T2) sunscreen with 0.25% IgY. Organoleptic observations were carried out to monitor changes in aroma, color, and texture, and sunscreen sampling was done every week for 6 weeks. The durability of IgY was evaluated using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and a neutralization assay. Organoleptic observation from weeks 1 to 6 showed consistency in its aroma, color, and texture. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and neutralization assay (NA) results of the T1 and T2 groups showed negative results except for sample T1 at week 5, which showed a positive result in the Influenza A ELISA. Based on the results, it seems that IgY concentrations of 0.1% or 0.25% were not optimal. However, this negative result might be due to low concentration of the IgY and the presence of beeswax, which inhibits IgY and causes it to dissolve in distilled water, thus preventing it from being detected in the assay.
Keyword: Immunoglobulin Y, Sunscreen, Influenza, COVID-19, Biological Activity