Judul: Characterization Of Psen2 Gene Of Amyloid Disorder Of Alzheimer's Disease In Macaca Fascicularis
Abstrak: Presenilin2 (PSEN2) genes are the primary component of γ-secretase, responsible for the amyloid precursor protein sequence of proteolytic cleavage and the subsequent formation of amyloid β peptides. 18 RNA samples from the brain cortex and hippocampal regions of an adult group (10-12 years old); 4 female) and an old group (>15 years old; 5 females) of Cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) were analyzed using RT-qPCR. There were no differences in PSEN2 mRNA expression in the cortex in between groups (p=0.063). There were significant differences in mRNA expression in the hippocampus in between groups (p= 0.010). The overall PSEN2 expression level was higher in the adult monkey group and correlated early onset Alzheimer’s disease (EOAD) characteristics in relatively young individuals. The overall PSEN2 expression level was low in the old monkey group. High PSEN2 expression in an adult group might correlate with the regulation of neuronal plasticity, amyloid precursor protein processing, and tau aggregation. It was increased in PSEN2 expression correlated with learning and memory impairment in the cortex and hippocampus. Alteration in PSEN2 expression may be a risk factor for Alzheimer’s disease. This study proposes that PSEN2 informational mutations could be included as useful gene biomarkers for the comprehensive prognosis of Alzheimer's disease in the Omnibus Gene Expression (GEO) database.
Keyword: cortex, Cynomolgus monkey, EOAD, hippocampus, PSEN2, RT-qPCR

Judul: Identification of PCNA Gene Expression as the Marker of Alzheimer Disease in Cynomolgus Monkey (Macaca fascicularis)
Abstrak: Diagnosis dini dari penyakit Alzheimer hingga kini masih sulit untuk dilakukan, sehingga penting dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut untuk menemukan biomarker yang dapat digunakan untuk mendeteksi penyakit ini secara dini. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) dikenal sebagai marka proliferasi, yang berpotensi mendeteksi neurogenesis di otak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ekspresi gen PCNA di otak sebagai marka penyakit Alzheimer pada Macaca fascicularis. Macaca fascicularis digunakan karena kemiripannya dengan manusia dalam kompleksitas perilaku, kemampuan kognitif yang tinggi dan pembentukan karakteristik patologis penyakit Alzheimer di otak. Penelitian ini menggunakan otak regio hipokampus dan korteks dari 7 ekor monyet. Monyet sebelumnya telah dibagi menjadi kelompok usia tua dan dewasa. Deteksi ekspresi gen PCNA dilakukan dengan metode RT-qPCR. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ekspresi gen cenderung lebih tinggi pada monyet kelompok dewasa dan di regio hippocampus, meskipun berdasarkan analisis statistik tidak menunjukkan perbedaan yang signifikan., Early diagnosis of Alzheimer's is still difficult to do, thus it is important to carry out further research to find biomarkers that can be used to detect early Alzheimer's disease. Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen (PCNA) is known as a proliferation marker, which has the potential to detect neurogenesis in the brain. This study aimed to identify PCNA gene expression in the brain as a marker of Alzheimer’s disease in Macaca fascicularis. Macaca fascicularis was used in this study because of their similarities with humans in terms of their behavioral complexity, as well as high cognitive abilities and the formation of a pathological characteristic of Alzheimer's disease in the brain. This study used the brains of 7 monkeys in the hippocampus and cortical regions. Monkeys previously have been divided into old and adult age groups. The detection of PCNA gene expression was done using RT-qPCR method. The results showed the gene expression tended to be higher in the adult group and the hippocampus region, although based on statistical analysis showed no significant differences.
Keyword: Alzheimer's disease, Macaca fascicularis, Neurogenesis, PCNA, RT-qPCR

Judul: Penyelesaian Persamaan Korteweg-De Vries Orde Tinggi Dengan Metode Ekspansi
Abstrak: Gelombang internal merupakan gelombang yang terjadi di bawah permukaan laut. Jenis gelombang internal yang sering diamati adalah gelombang soliter. Gelombang soliter internal adalah suatu gelombang berjalan yang dalam perambatannya mempertahankan bentuk dan kecepatannya. Salah satu model matematika yang dapat menjelaskan gelombang soliter internal adalah persamaan Korteweg-de Vries (KdV). Persamaan KdV diturunkan dari persamaan dasar fluida ideal, yaitu fluida yang taktermampatkan dan takkental. Persamaan KdV orde tinggi diselesaikan dengan metode ekspansi dan diperoleh penyelesaian dalam bentuk gelombang berjalan. Penggunaan metode ekspansi ini dilakukan dengan cara yang sederhana karena hanya melibatkan persamaan diferensial orde dua. Penyelesaian yang diperoleh diilustrasikan dalam grafik menggunakan software Mathematica 10.1.
Keyword: gelombang internal, metode ekspansi, persamaan KdV orde tinggi