Judul: Potential Coral Reef Damage Due to Gillnet Fishing Activities in Tidung Island, Thousand Islands
Abstrak: Terumbu karang di perairan Pulau Tidung merupakan salah satu andalan hidup nelayan jaring insang Pulau Tidung. Metode penangkapan ikan menggunakan jaring insang memiliki potensi besar untuk menyebabkan kerusakan terumbu karang karena pengoperasiannya berdekatan dengan terumbu karang. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi faktor penyebab kerusakan terumbu karang, menilai risiko kerusakan terumbu karang dari setiap faktor penyebab kerusakan terumbu karang dan menyusun rekomendasi pengurangan risiko kerusakan terumbu karang. Wawancara dilakukan untuk mengetahui aktivitas nelayan dan sikap nelayan terhadap kerusakan terumbu. Pengamatan proses penangkapan ikan dan tingkah laku nelayan dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui frekuensi aktivitas nelayan yang merusak terumbu karang dan mengetahui perilaku nelayan. Pengambilan data kondisi terumbu karang dilakukan dengan tujuan mengetahui kondisi habitat ikan akibat operasi penangkapan ikan dengan jaring insang. Faktor penyebab kerusakan terumbu karang antara lain kompetensi nelayan dan spesifikasi alat tangkap yang kurang baik. Rekomendasi disusun berdasarkan data kompetensi nelayan dan spesifikasi alat tangkap yang perlu diperbaiki untuk mengurangi potensi kerusakan terumbu karang., The coral reefs around Tidung Island is one of important resources that support the livelihoods of local communities, including gillnet fishers. The use of gillnets is potential destructive to the coral reefs when reef fishes are main targets of the fishers. This study aims to identify the factors causing coral reef damage generated by the use of gillnets, assess the risk of coral reef damage for each factor, and formulate recommendations to reduce the risks of coral reef damage. Interviews were conducted to understand the activities of fishers and their attitudes towards coral reef damage. Direct observations were carried out to identify coral reef condition, fisher behavior and its intensity. Factors contributing to coral reef damage include the lack competence of the fishers and inadequate fishing equipment. It is recommended that the competence of fishers must be improved and fishers need to be well prepared when fishing adjacent to the coral reefs.
Keyword: coral reef, destructive fishing, gillnet fisheries

Judul: Analysis of the Ecotourism Potential of Coral  Reefs Around Tidung Island, Seribu Islands, Daerah Khusus Jakarta
Abstrak: Ekowisata terumbu karang yang terdapat pada Pulau Tidung memiliki potensi yang sangat besar. Namun, aktivitas ekowisata terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung memiliki beberapa permasalahan yang harus diatasi seperti perilaku wisatawan yang tidak bertanggung jawab, dan kebijakan pengelolaan yang belum optimal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis potensi terumbu karang, mengetahui daya dukung, dan merancang strategi pengelolaan wisata bahari terumbu karang di Pulau Tidung, Kepulauan Seribu, Daerah Khusus Jakarta. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan September hingga Desember 2023. Pengambilan data terkait terumbu karang dan ikan yang ada di terumbu karang dilakukan pada 9 titik area, diantaranya terdapat 3 area pada Pulau Tidung Kecil dan 6 area pada Pulau Tidung Besar. Pengambilan data wawancara terhadap wisatawan dilakukan di Pulau Tidung Besar. Analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu indeks kesesuaian ekowisata kategori wisata selam, daya dukung kawasan, dan analisis SWOT. Hasil yang diperoleh yaitu Pulau Tidung memiliki tutupan yang beragam, jenis lifeform yang paling banyak ditemukan yaitu Rubble, jenis ikan terdiri dari 9 famili, indeks kesesuaian yang menunjukkan beberapa wilayah yang sesuai dan tidak sesuai, dan kesesuaian beberapa area dengan daya dukung., Coral reef ecotourism on Tidung Island has enormous potential. However, coral reef ecotourism activities on Tidung Island have several problems that must be overcome, such as irresponsible tourist behavior, and management policies that are not yet optimal. This research aims to analyze the potential of coral reefs, determine their carrying capacity, and design strategies for managing coral reef marine tourism on Tidung Island, Seribu Islands, Daerah Khusus Jakarta. The research was carried out from September to December 2023. Data collection regarding coral reefs and fish on coral reefs was carried out at 9 stations, including 3 stations on Tidung Kecil Island and 6 stations on Tidung Besar Island. Data collection from interviews with tourists was carried out on Tidung Besar Island. The data analysis used in this research is the ecotourism suitability index for the diving tourism category, regional carrying capacity, and SWOT analysis. The results obtained are that Tidung Island has a variety of cover, the most common type of lifeform is Rubble, fish species consist of 9 families, a suitability index that shows several suitable and unsuitable areas, and the suitability of several stations with carrying capacity.
Keyword: Carrying capacity, Coral reefs, Ecotourism, Tidung Island, carrying capacity, Ecotourism, Tidung Island, Coral Reefs

Judul: Sintesis Flavonol melalui 2’-Hidroksikalkon
Abstrak: Flavonol is a class of flavonoids commonly found in fruits and vegetables. Flavonol is very useful, especially in food sector and health. In this study, flavonol unsubstituted was successfully synthesized from an intermediate material 2’-hydroxychalcone. The 2’-hydroxychalcone was synthesized by Claisen-Schmidt condensation method between o-hydroxyacetophenone and benzaldehyde using 4 different catalysts, namely KOH 60%, solid pellet of KOH-grinding technique, BF3-Et2O, and NaH in DMF. The KOH 60% was the best catalyst, giving the highest yield (57%). Afterward, the flavonol was synthesized in 1-stage oxidation cyclization of o-hydroxyacetophenone using Algar-Flynn-Oyamada (AFO) reaction, giving 76%. The flavonol total yield from 2’-hydroxychalcone was 43%. All synthesized products were characterized by their melting points and their spectra. The success of the synthesis flavonol opens the way to synthesis of useful flavonol derivatives such as quercetin and kaempferol.
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