Judul: Determinants of Inclusive Economic Growth in The Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang disertai dengan meningkatnya ketimpangan pendapatan di suatu negara telah menimbulkan ketimpangan antara si miskin dan si kaya. Meningkatnya ketimpangan akan meningkatkan angka kriminal di masyarakat. Pembangunan ekonomi saat ini tidak cukup dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi. Pertumbuhan ekonomi harus diterima oleh semua orang (Asian Development Bank, 2011). Konsekuensinya, lahirlah konsep pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif. Pertumbuhan ekonomi bisa inklusif jika memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat seperti berkurangnya kemiskinan, ketimpangan pendapatan, dan pengangguran. Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) merupakan salah satu provinsi yang pertumbuhan ekonominya terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi DIY yang meningkat setiap tahun belum mampu mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan, pengangguran terbuka, dan persentase kemiskinan. Sehingga belum terjadi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif di Provinsi DIY. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1). Mendeskripsikan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Provinsi DIY, (2). Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Provinsi DIY, (3). Simulasi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Provinsi DIY. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel yang terdiri dari 5 kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi DIY dengan periode waktu tahun 2011 hingga 2017. Estimasi model (persamaan simultan) menggunakan metode Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif adalah konsumsi rumah tangga, ekspor barang/jasa, penanaman modal asing, penanaman modal dalam negeri, pendapatan perkapita, masa studi, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, dan impor barang/jasa. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsumsi rumah tangga sebesar 2% akan meningkatkan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto sebesar 1,5%, menurunkan tingkat pengangguran terbuka sebesar 3,0%, kemiskinan sebesar 10,7%, dan ketimpangan pendapatan sebesar 5,5%. Pemerintah DIY dapat mendorong konsumsi rumah tangga melalui kebijakan pengelolaan pajak daerah. Penurunan pajak akan menyebabkan disposable income meningkat, sehingga meningkatkan konsumsi rumah tangga dan menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif di Provinsi DIY., Economic growth accompanied by increasing income inequality in a country has led to inequality between the poor and the rich. Increasing inequality will certainly increase the crime rate in society. The current economic development is not sufficient with high economic growth. Economic growth must be accepted by everyone (Asian Development Bank, 2011). As a consequence, the concept of inclusive economic growth has emerged. Economic growth can be inclusive if it provides benefits to society such as reduced poverty, income inequality, and unemployment. Yogyakarta Special Region Province (DIY) is one of the provinces whose economic growth is increasing every year. DIY Province economic growth which increases every year has not been able to reduce income inequality, open unemployment, and the percentage of poverty. So that there has been no inclusive economic growth in DIY Province. The objectives of this study are (1). Describing inclusive economic growth in DIY Province, (2). Analyzing the factors that influence inclusive economic growth in DIY Province, (3). Simulation of policies to increase inclusive economic growth in DIY Province. This study uses panel data consisting of 5 districts and cities in DIY Province with a time period from 2011 to 2017. Model estimation (simultaneous equation) uses the Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The results of the analysis show that the factors that influence inclusive economic growth are household consumption, export of goods/services, foreign investment, domestic investment, per
Keyword: Pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif, Persamaan simultan, 2SLS, Inclusive economic growth, Simultaneous equations, 2SLS

Judul: Determinants of Inclusive Economic Growth in The Yogyakarta
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan ekonomi yang disertai dengan meningkatnya ketimpangan pendapatan disuatu negara telah menimbulkan ketimpangan antara si miskin dan si kaya. Meningkatnya ketimpangan akan meningkatkan angka kriminalitas di masyarakat. Pembangunan ekonomi saat ini tidak cukup dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang tinggi. Pertumbuhan ekonomi harus diterima oleh semua orang (Asian Development Bank, 2011). Konsekuensinya, lahirlah konsep pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif. Pertumbuhan ekonomi bisa inklusif jika memberikan manfaat bagi masyarakat seperti berkurangnya kemiskinan, ketimpangan pendapatan, dan pengangguran. Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) merupakan salah satu provinsi yang pertumbuhan ekonominya terus meningkat setiap tahunnya. Pertumbuhan ekonomi Provinsi DIY yang meningkat setiap tahun belum mampu mengurangi ketimpangan pendapatan, pengangguran terbuka, dan persentase kemiskinan. Sehingga belum terjadi pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif di Provinsi DIY. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah (1). Mendeskripsikan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Provinsi DIY, (2). Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Provinsi DIY, (3). Simulasi kebijakan untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif di Provinsi DIY. Penelitian ini menggunakan data panel yang terdiri dari 5 kabupaten dan kota di Provinsi DIY dengan periode waktu tahun 2011 hingga 2017. Estimasi model (persamaan simultan) menggunakan metode Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi inklusif adalah konsumsi rumah tangga, ekspor barang/jasa, penanaman modal asing, penanaman modal dalam negeri, pendapatan perkapita, masa studi, tingkat pengangguran terbuka, dan impor barang/jasa. Hasil simulasi menunjukkan bahwa peningkatan konsumsi rumah tangga sebesar 2% akan meningkatkan Produk Domestik Regional Bruto sebesar 1,5%, menurunkan tingkat pengangguran terbuka sebesar 3,0%, kemiskinan sebesar 10,7%, dan ketimpangan pendapatan sebesar 5,5%. Pemerintah DIY dapat mendorong konsumsi rumah tangga melalui kebijakan pengelolaan pajak daerah. Penurunan pajak akan menyebabkan disposable income meningkat, sehingga meningkatkan konsumsi rumah tangga dan menciptakan pertumbuhan ekonomi yang inklusif di Provinsi DIY., Economic growth accompanied by increasing income inequality in a country has led to inequality between the poor and the rich. Increasing inequality will certainly increase the crime rate in society. The current economic development is not sufficient with high economic growth. Economic growth must be accepted by everyone (Asian Development Bank, 2011). As a consequence, the concept of inclusive economic growth has emerged. Economic growth can be inclusive if it provides benefits to society such as reduced poverty, income inequality, and unemployment. Yogyakarta Special Region Province (DIY) is one of the provinces whose economic growth is increasing every year. DIY Province economic growth which increases every year has not been able to reduce income inequality, open unemployment, and the percentage of poverty. So that there has been no inclusive economic growth in DIY Province. The objectives of this study are (1). Describing inclusive economic growth in DIY Province, (2). Analyzing the factors that influence inclusive economic growth in DIY Province, (3). Simulation of policies to increase inclusive economic growth in DIY Province. This study uses panel data consisting of 5 districts and cities in DIY Province with a time period from 2011 to 2017. Model estimation (simultaneous equation) uses the Two-Stage Least Square (2SLS) method. The results of the analysis show that the factors that influence inclusive economic growth are household consumption, export of goods/services, foreign investment, domestic investment, per capita
Keyword: Inclusive economic growth, simultaneous equations, 2SLS

Judul: Characterizations of low alloy steel sae 4422  plated with chromic acid (Cro3)
Abstrak: Characterizations of low alloy steel SAE 4422 plated with chromic acid (CrOrO3) was use Optical Microscopy (OM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), RD),Energy Dispersive Analysis of X-Ray (EDAX), Hardness Test and Roughness Test. Microstructures analysis exhibits cracks and grain boundaries microcracks as a characteristics of chrome metal found at plating metal. Perlite and Ferrite as grains of steel found at base metal with grain boundaries around it. Phase analysis of plating metal appropriate to chrome metal with lattice constant (a) is 2.559 Å and phase analysis of base metal appropriate to iron ferrite with lattice constant (a) is 3.318 Å. Both plating and base metal have cubic system. Chemical analysis of plating metal at surface section exhibits that cracks area have highest value of carbon element compare with grains and grains boundaries area. While chemical analysis of base metal at cross section exhibits that perlite have highest value of carbon element compare with ferrite and grain boundaries. The hardness value of plating metal at surface section and cross section are 753 and 637 VHN. While, the hardness value of base metal and interface area at cross section are 205 and 373 VHN. The roughness value at measurement points of chrome surface for as received sample are 0.445 μm. Observation used Optical Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy exhibits surface irregularities combine to form surface texture of plating metal at surface section.
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