Judul: Keragaman Gen Hormon Pertumbuhan pada Ayam Lokal Indonesia dan Persilangannya
Abstrak: Indonesia local chickens have genetic potency with high ecomonic value such as meat and egg production, adapted in tropic and strong immunity. The chicken growth hormone (cGH) gene has a crucial role in controlling growth and metabolism, leading to potential correlations between cGH gene polymorphism and economic traits. This study aimed to identify the cGH gene polymorphism and find out the variation of gene at several local chickens, the crossbred, commercial meat type and layer. Polymorphism in intron 4 of cGH gene was studied in 229 chicken blood samples consisted of kampung, pelung, sentul, commercial meat type, layer, merawang, commercial meat type x kampung, kampung x commercial meat type, sentul x kampung and pelung x sentul chickens. A specific primer set was used to amplify a fragment of growth hormone locus using PCR. PCR products were digested with MspI restriction endonucleases. The amplified fragment digested with MspI enzyme revealed 2 alleles A and B with the frequency of 0.88-0.96 and 0.04-0.12, except in layer chickens only had 1 allele A with the frequency of 1.00. The results showed that cGH gene in MspI locus at kampung, pelung, sentul, commercial meat type, merawang, commercial meat type x kampung, kampung x commercial meat type, sentul x kampung and pelung x sentul chickens were polymorphics, except the layer chickens was monomorphics. The population of Indonesia local chicken and the crossbred that was studied in this research had low heterozygosity value but it was still in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.
Keyword: polymorphism, PCR-RFLP, local chicken, MspI, cGH

Judul: Karakterisasi Gen Hormon Pertumbuhan (Chicken Growth Hormone) pada Ayam Lokal Indonesia
Abstrak: Ayam lokal merupakan salah satu sumber daya genetik yang berpotensi untuk dikembangkan. Karakterisasi genetik yang berkaitan dengan sifat produksi dapat diketahui berdasarkan gen, salah satunya adalah gen cGH. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik genetik dan mendeteksi situs mutasi pada gen cGH. Sampel yang digunakan adalah ayam kampung, walik, arab dan leher gundul. DNA hasil ekstraksi kemudian dilakukan proses amplifikasi fragmen gen cGH dan sekuensing. Sebanyak 19 sampel berhasil teramplifikasi. Amplifikasi gen cGH menghasilkan produk PCR sepanjang 528 bp. Hasil sekuensing DNA dianalisis menggunakan program MEGA 5. Hasil analisis sekuens fragmen gen cGH menunjukan nilai kesamaan sebesar 99% dengan data sekuens gen cGH pada GenBank. Mutasi pada fragmen gen cGH ditemukan sebanyak 10 situs dengan tipe mutasi transisi dan transversi. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk mengidentifikasi karakteristik genetik gen cGH pada G. g. spadiceus, G. g. bankiva, G. g. murghi dan G. g. jabouillei.
Keyword: 

Judul: Numerical modeling of the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring in front of impermeable breakwater with different steepnesses
Abstrak: The aim of this paper is to numerically study the effects of breakwater steepness on the hydrodynamics of standing wave and scouring process in front of impermeable breakwaters. A two-dimensional hydrodynamics model based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) equations and the Volume of Fluid (VOF) method was developed and then combined with an empirical sediment transport model. Comparisons with an analytical solution and experimental data showed the present model is very accurate in predicting the near bottom velocity and capable of simulating the scour/deposition patterns consistent with experimental data. It was found that the additional terms of bottom shear stress in the momentum equations are necessary to produce a physical scouring pattern. Different breakwater steepnesses produce different characteristics of standing wave, the steady streaming system, and scouring pattern in front of the breakwaters, which also affects the correlations between them. An additional analysis of the turbulence field parameters and the sediment transport rate was also performed. All these important information will be presented in details in this paper and can be worthwhile for designing the breakwater in coastal areas.
Keyword: The RANS–VOF model Standingwave Steadystreamingsystem Scouring pattern Breakwatersteepness