Judul: Analisis jenis dan jumlah serta mutu gizi sarapan pada anak usia sekolah perkotaan dan perdesaan di Indonesia
Abstrak: Anak usia sekolah merupakan bagian dari generasi dan investasi bangsa, maka upaya peningkatan kualitas sumber daya manusia harus dilakukan sejak masa anak. Anak usia sekolah memerlukan asupan gizi yang baik sepanjang hari, salah satunya adalah sarapan yang diperlukan untuk menunjang kegiatan belajar dan aktivitas lainnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis jenis dan jumlah pangan sarapan serta mutu gizi sarapan anak usia sekolah (6-12 tahun) perkotaan dan perdesaan di Indonesia. Konsumsi makanan dan minuman anak selama sarapan diperoleh dari data hasil recall individu 24 jam hasil penelitian Studi Diet Total Kementrian Kesehatan, 2014. Asupan gizi dihitung berdasarkan data konsumsi pangan dan kandungan gizi pangan. Total subjek pada penelitian ini adalah 25 935 anak. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan sepuluh jenis makanan yang populer dikonsumsi sebagai sarapan anak usia sekolah adalah nasi, telur, ikan, tempe, mie instan, daging ayam, biskuit, tahu, roti dan wortel; serta lima jenis minuman yang populer dikonsumsi anak usia sekolah adalah air putih, teh, susu, sirup dan kopi. Konsumsi telur, tempe, mi instan, daging ayam, biskuit, tahu, roti, wortel, teh dan susu lebih populer di perkotaan sementara konsumsi nasi, ikan, air putih, sirup dan kopi lebih populer di perdesaan. Hampir setengah (47.7%) anak usia sekolah belum memenuhi kebutuhan energi sarapan, yaitu asupan energi sarapan kurang dari 15% kebutuhan harian. Lebih dari tiga-perempat anak (79.8%) masih mengkonsumsi sarapan dengan mutu gizi yang rendah. Lebih banyak anak usia sekolah yang memenuhi kebutuhan energi dan zat gizi sarapan di perkotaaan dibanding diperdesaan.
Keyword: Anak usia sekolah, mutu gizi sarapan, perdesaan, perkotaan, studi diet total.

Judul: Analisis Jenis, Jumlah, dan Mutu Gizi Konsumsi Sarapan Anak Indonesia
Abstrak: The objective of this study was to analyze type, amount, and nutritional quality of breakfast among Indonesian children aged 3-12 years old. The data used for this study was the secondary data of Basic Health Survey 2010 (Riskesdas 2010) conducted by the Research and Development Agency, Ministry of Health Indonesia. Data was collected June until August 2010 by applying a cross sectional study design. This study covered 33 provinces of Indonesia, with 40 437 final total subjects; children consist of 20 659 boys and 19 778 girls. The results of this study showed that the ten major type of foods consumed during breakfast were rice, swamp cabbage, egg, fish, tempe, instant noodles, tofu, bread, chicken and biscuits; and the five major type of beverages consumed during breakfast were drinking water, tea, milk, coffee, and syrup. The food consumed on average of more than 5 g a day during breakfast were rice, swamp cabbage, egg, fish, tempe, instant noodles; and the beverages consumed on average of more than 15 mL a day were water, tea, and milk. Only 30.3% of children breakfast adequately fullfilled energy intake. The results showed that there was a positive significant correlation between parental education and family economic status with contribution of breakfast energy and nutritional quality of breakfast (p<0.01).
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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