Judul: Market Diversification of Indonesian Apparel Exports to Non Traditional Countries and Its Determinant
Abstrak: Pakaian jadi menjadi salah satu sektor prioritas dalam industri manufaktur dan menghasilkan devisa terbesar dalam industri tekstil. Ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia saat ini masih cenderung didominasi oleh pasar negara tradisional. Akan tetapi, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir ekspor ke negara tradisional tersebut berfluktuatif, sehingga ekspansi pasar perlu dijadikan strategi untuk meningkatkan kinerja perdagangan ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis diversifikasi pasar ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia ke negara non tradisional beserta determinannya. Untuk mengetahui faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia ke negara non tradisional selama periode 2016 – 2020 digunakan metode analisis berupa RCA, EPD, X-Model dan regresi data panel untuk menjawab tujuan penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan produk pakaian jadi Indonesia memiliki potensi dan daya saing tinggi di negara Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Somalia, Fiji, Slovenia dan Sudan. Hasil dari regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa GDP negara mitra, FDI, tarif dan RCA berpengaruh signifikan terhadap ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia., Apparel is one of the main priority sectors in the manufacturing industry that generates the largest source of foreign exchange in the textile industry. Indonesian apparel exports currently tend to be dominated by traditional state markets. However, in recent years exports to these traditional countries have fluctuated. Therefore, market expansion is needed to enhance the performance of Indonesian apparel export. This study aims to analyze market diversification of apparel export to non-traditional countries and its determinant. To find out the factors that influenced the export of Indonesian apparel to non-traditional countries during 2016 – 2020 period, analytical methods such as RCA, EPD, X-Model and panel data regression were utilized to answer the research objectives. The result shows that Indonesian apparel products have high potential and competitiveness in Algeria, Brunei Darussalam, Guinea, Iraq, Israel, Somalia, Fiji, Slovenia, dan Sudan. Panel data regression analysis shows that the partner’s country GDP, FDI, tariffs, and RCA significantly affect Indonesian apparel exports.
Keyword: panel data, EPD, non traditional, apparel, RCA

Judul: Analysis of Indonesia's Apparel Exports: Competitiveness, Determinants, and Barriers
Abstrak: Ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia sangat esensial bagi pertumbuhan ekonomi nasional. Namun, jika dibandingkan dengan dua negara eksportir utama, yaitu Tiongkok dan Vietnam, ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia dinilai masih belum maksimal. Hal ini terjadi akibat ketergantungan yang tinggi terhadap impor bahan baku dan hambatan perdagangan yang diberlakukan oleh negara mitra dagang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis bagaimana daya saing, determinan, dan ekuivalen tarif ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia di 11 negara tujuan ekspor utama. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mencakup analisis daya saing, regresi data panel dengan Gravity Model, serta estimasi ekuivalen tarif. Hasil regresi data panel menunjukkan bahwa Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per kapita importir, GDP per kapita eksportir, tarif, dan harga ekspor berpengaruh signifikan terhadap volume ekspor pakaian jadi negara eksportir. Sedangkan hasil analisis dummy menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan pada sebelum dan sesudah Free Trade Agreement (FTA) dan penghapusan kebijakan kuota impor. Penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa negara tujuan ekspor memberlakukan hambatan nontarif terhadap volume ekspor pakaian jadi Indonesia yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai ekuivalen tarif yang tinggi di beberapa negara., Indonesia's apparel exports are essential for national economic growth. However, compared to the two main exporting countries, China and Vietnam, Indonesia's apparel exports are still considered underwhelming. This is due to a high dependence on imported raw materials and trade barriers imposed by partner countries. This research aims to analyze the performance, determinants, and equivalent export tariffs of Indonesian apparel in 11 major export destination countries. The methods used in this research include competitiveness analysis, panel data regression with a Gravity Model, and estimation of equivalent tariffs. The results of the panel data regression show that the importing country's GDP per capita importer and exporter, tariffs, and export prices significantly affect the volume of apparel exports from the exporting country. Meanwhile, the analysis of dummy variables indicates differences before and after FTA and the removal of import quota policies. This study also found that export destination countries impose non-tariff barriers on the volume of Indonesian apparel, as indicated by high equivalent tariff values in some countries.
Keyword: regresi data panel, panel data regression, daya saing ekspor, ekuivalen tarif, gravity model, pakaian jadi, apparel, equivalent tariff, export performance

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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