Judul: Chemical Properties and Biological Value Evaluation of Defatted Maggot as an Alternative to Meat Bone Meal in Poultry Feed
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan memproduksi defatted maggot sebagai konsentrat protein dan mengevaluasi sifat kimia, serta nilai biologis defatted maggot sebagai bahan pakan alternatif meat bone meal dalam pakan unggas (in vitro). Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan untuk penelitian kecernaan in vitro (P1 = maggot kontrol, P2 = defatted maggot, P3 = meat bone meal) dan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan untuk penelitian kecernaan protein (in vivo) dan retensi nitrogen (P1 = Ransum basal + Maggot Kontrol 5%, P2 = Ransum basal +Defatted Maggot 5%, P3 = Ransum basal+Meat Bone Meal 5%). Parameter penelitian ini adalah kecernaan nutrien (in vitro), skor kimia, indeks asam amino esensial, nilai biologis, kecernaan protein (in vivo), dan retensi nitrogen. Data yang diperoleh akan dianalisis ragam (ANOVA) dan akan dilanjutkan uji duncan jika terdapat perbedaan nyata. Data skor asam amino, IAAE, dan nilai biologis yang diperoleh dianalisa secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai yang tidak signifikan (P>0.05) pada data uji kecernaan protein kasar (in vitro), kecernaan lemak kasar, kecernaan serat kasar, kecernaan protein (in vivo), konsumsi nitrogen, ekskresi nitrogen, dan retensi nitrogen. Data penelitian ini memiliki nilai yang signifikan (P<0.05) pada hasil uji kecernaan bahan kering dan kecernaan bahan organik. Proses ekstraksi maggot dengan pelarut hexane dapat menghasilkan produk maggot (defatted maggot) yang memiliki nilai kandungan protein yang tinggi dan kandungan lemak dibawah 5%. Proses ekstraksi tidak dapat merubah asam amino yang defisien, namun dapat meningkat nilai kecernaan bahan kering dan bahan organik yang dilakukan secara in vitro.
Keyword: nilai biologis, maggot, in vitro, ekstraksi

Judul: Chemical and Physical Properties of Chemically Extracted Defatted Maggot
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi kualitas kimia dan fisik dari maggot hasil ekstraksi dengan rasio pelarut yang berbeda sebagai bahan pakan alternatif sumber protein. Rancangan acak lengkap digunakan dalam penelitian ini dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari P0 = maggot kontrol tanpa perlakuan, P1 = maggot + larutan heksan 1:5 kg L-1, P2 = maggot + larutan heksan 1:7 kg L-1, P3 = maggot + larutan heksan 1:9 kg L-1. Parameter yang diukur pada uji fisik meliputi: warna, tekstur, bau, berat jenis, kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, sudut tumpukan, kelarutan dan pH. Parameter yang diukur pada uji kimia meliputi: kadar air, kadar abu, serat kasar, lemak kasar dan protein kasar. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan ragam (ANOVA) dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan jika terdapat perbedaan nyata. Penelitian ini menunjukkan hasil yang signifikan (P<0.05) pada uji kadar abu, protein kasar, lemak kasar, kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, sudut tumpukan dan pH, serta tidak signifikan (P>0.05) pada uji berat jenis dan kelarutan. Disimpulkan bahwa proses defatted maggot menyebabkan penurunan bobot rendemen, namun meningkatkan kualitas kimia dan fisik pada maggot. Proses defatted pada P1 paling efisien menghasilkan rendemen serta meningkatkan kadar nutrien pada maggot. Proses defatted juga mampu merubah karakteristik dan sifat fisik maggot pada kerapatan tumpukan, kerapatan pemadatan tumpukan, sudut tumpukan dan pH., This study aims to evaluate the chemical and physical quality of maggot extracted with different solvent ratios as an alternative feed ingredient for protein sources. Completely randomized design was used in this study with 4 treatments and 3 replications. The treatments consisted of P0 = control maggot without treatment, P1 = maggot + hexane solution 1:5 kg L-1, P2 = maggot + hexane solution 1:7 kg L-1, P3 = maggot + hexane solution 1:9 kg L-1. Parameters measured in the physical test include: color, texture, odor, true density, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, solubility and pH. Parameters measured in the chemical test include: ash content, crude fiber, crude fat and crude protein. The data obtained were analyzed for variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan's test if there was a significant difference. This study showed significant results (P<0.05) on the test of ash content, crude protein, crude fat, bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose and pH, and not significant (P>0.05) on true density and solubility tests. The defatted maggot process causes a decrease in yield weight, but increases the chemical and physical quality of the maggot. It is concluded that the defffated process in P1 is the most efficient in producing yields and increasing nutrient levels in maggot. The defffated process is also able to change the characteristics and physical properties of the maggot on the bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose and pH.
Keyword: defatted maggot, sifat fisik, sifat kimia

Judul: Characteristic of Overshooting Top (OT) Based on  Himawari  8  Satellite  as  a  Convective  Cloud  Feature  that  Generates  Extreme Weather in the Java Island Region
Abstrak: Overshooting Top (OT) is a feature at the top of a convective cloud that is associated with extreme weather. Research on OT in tropical Indonesia is still very limited. The existence of geostationary satellites with wide area coverage and fast frequency observations is useful for observing the fast dynamics of the OT life cycle. Therefore, this study intends to analyze the relationship between OT and extreme weather, updraft and thermodynamic conditions of OT when extreme weather occurs, the best objective method for detecting OT in the day time and night time, and the spatiotemporal distribution of OT in the tropical region of Java Island during the 2018-2021 period. Based on visual analysis using visible channel and Himawari 8 sandwich products, 87% of extreme weather events in Java were accompanied by the appearance of OT. It indicates that the presence of the OT pattern is a convection cloud pattern or feature that is closely related to extreme weather events for the Java Island region. The existence of a time lag between the appearance of OT and extreme weather events on Java Island indicates that the OT of convection cloud can be used as a precursor or nowcasting for the appearance of extreme weather. Most of the convective cloud OT features during extreme weather events on Java Island have altitude that were only able to exceed the altitude of the equilibrium level and few were able to exceed the tropopause level of 9 km – 16 km. The difference in atmospheric conditions during extreme weather events on Java Island, which is in the tropics and subtropics, is a strong and unstable convective energy condition characterized by a larger CAPE, as well as unstable KI, LI, SI and TTI values. It is offset by kinematic factors in the form of a weak vertical wind shear (bulk wind shear 0-6 km) and a higher freezing point height. The difference between extreme weather events in the Java Island region and other tropical regions compared to subtropical regions is the strong updraft speed of convection clouds. The IRW Texture COMB algorithm based on the IRW-Texture Gradient modification and the COMB algorithm shows a significant increase in quality for detecting OT and non-OT pixels in Java. Rainy days with rainfall > 50 mm/day are very common in areas with an altitude of > 500 m. On the other hand, the level of convection activity which is indicated by the presence of OT and lightning is significantly reduced in this area. OT of convective clouds appear more frequently during the DJF season and less frequently during the JJA season. OT often appears during the day time and rarely at night time. Most OTs appear in the central part, away from the south and north coasts of Java Island during the day, while OTs that appear near the south and north coasts of Java Island can appear in the morning or afternoon.
Keyword: convective clouds, extreme weather, Overshooting Tops, Himawari 8 Satellite