Judul: Model penciptaan pengetahuan untuk meningkatkan keunggulan bersaing koperasi susu di Indonesia, Knowledge creation model for raising competitive advantage of dairy coo-peratives in Indonesia
Abstrak: Many theories highlighted the critical importance of knowledge creation on the long-term success of the organization. However, the scarcity of empirical work on knowledge creation model has limited our understanding of the overall organizational process involved. Given the crucial role of knowledge creation in contemporary business enterprises, a fundamental question arises: what processes are facilitating knowledge creation? This study aimed to find the answer. This study investigated the interrelations among four categories of knowledge assets (experiential, conceptual, systemic, and routine) and four categories of SECI (socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization) model for knowledge creation processes. In our framework, we argued that different types of knowledge assets may have differing influences on knowledge creation. After this, we attempted a comprehensive analysis of knowledge creation model within the organization, exploring the relationship between innovation, knowledge creation model, problem-solving capability, absorptive capacity, knowledge acquisition and assets. The next step, we designed the expert system. In order to test the feasibility of this framework, we conducted an empirical research exercise. Data were collected from three dairy cooperatives in Java, Indonesia through a survey instrument. A total of 105 usable responses were analyzed. We employed canonical correlation analysis to examine the composite correlation, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). We identified the composite effect of knowledge asset were positively contribution to knowledge creation, except systemic knowledge assets. The results revealed several contributing factors (problem-solving capability, absorptive capacity, knowledge acquisition and assets) that were significant effect to innovation. On the other hand, knowledge creation model had no significant effect to innovation in the context of the dairy cooperation in Indonesia. Product innovation was the most important innovation for Dairy Cooperatives. Design of diagnosis performance for knowledge management implementation was named Knowledge Management Scorecard for Dairy Cooperatives (KMaScD). This system was developed based on balanced scorecard concept. The application was appropriate for assesing dairy cooperatives performance dan providing a flexible evaluation framework.
Keyword: Sense making, Explicit knowledge

Judul: Managing innovation through knowledge sharing in an Indonesian coconut Small and Medium Enterprise (SME)
Abstrak: Indonesia supplies more than 19 million metric tonnes of world coconut needs, where this number covers 30% of total world production. However, Indonesia coconut processing industry is still dominated by semi-finished products such as copra and coconut crude oil. This indicates that coconut products from Indonesia have not implemented innovative activities, and it is generally believed that knowledge sharing become an element which will drive the innovation process. Therefore, this research seeks to know and understand how knowledge sharing is carried out in an Indonesian coconut SME. This research conducted a single case study approach in an innovative coconut SME, Ein which 3 competent people were interviewed in the company as a data collection method. The research has found that knowledge sharing is developed by two methods, direct and indirect. While the direct method focuses on the interaction of knowledge contributor and receiver, the indirect method uses the help of media as a means of knowledge sharing. The research results indicate that direct method has been a considerably more effective in achieving knowledge sharing, due to tacit knowledge usage. Meanwhile, the indirect method serves as leverage for the company to ensure that knowledge is available and accessible. Moreover, the role of knowledge brokers has given an additional understanding on how knowledge sharing is developed in an SME by broadening the knowledge throughout the company. This study has also explored that absorptive capacity becomes the main factor influencing the knowledge transfer success. Employees' awareness to become self learners, motivation, reward system, and level of education has emerged as reasons that determine the level of knowledge acceptance.
Keyword: Knowledge sharing, Innovation in SMEs, Tacit and Explicit knowledge

Judul: Molecular Systematics of Tree Frog Nyctimystes infrafrenatus infrafrenatus (Tyler 1971) from Papua and Moluccas
Abstrak: Nyctimystes infrafrenatus memiliki permasalahan taksonomi yang cukup kompleks. Spesies ini pertama kali dideskripsikan dengan nama Hyla infrafrenata. Kemudian berdasarkan karakter morfologinya spesies ini dikelompokkan ke dalam genus Litoria dan lebih dikenal dengan nama Litoria infrafrenata namun hasil analisis filogenetika molekuler menempatkan spesies ini pada clade Nyctimystes. Nyctimystes infrafrenatus memiliki dua subspesies yaitu Nyctimystes infrafrenatus infrafrenatus dan Nyctimystes infrafrenatus militarius. Subspesies N. infrafrenatus militarius memiliki distribusi yang terbatas pada Kepulauan Bismarck, Papua New Guinea sedangkan N. infrafrenatus infrafrenatus distribusinya mencakup wilayah utara Sulawesi, Kepulauan Maluku, Pulau Timor, Papua, Australia hingga Kepulauan Solomon. Distribusi yang luas tersebut dapat memunculkan fenomena kriptik spesies. Populasi spesies ini di wilayah Indonesia mewakili dua subregion zoogeografi yang memiliki sejarah pembentukan wilayah yang berbeda yaitu Papua dan Wallacea. Lautan merupakan barrier utama distribusi hewan amfibi karena rendahnya toleransi amfibi terhadap salinitas. Hal ini menimbulkan kemungkinan bahwa N. infrafrenatus infrafrenatus populasi Maluku berbeda dari populasi Papua. Penelitian sebelumnya tentang morfometrik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan ukuran kaki belakang individu betina antara populasi N. infrafrenatus infrafrenatus Papua dan Maluku. Temuan tersebut perlu ditelusuri lebih lanjut dengan pendekatan molekuler. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi sistematika N. infrafrenatus infrafrenatus dari Papua dan Maluku. Penanda genetik yang digunakan pada analisis molekuler adalah sekuens gen 16S rRNA. Hasil pensejajaran sekuens ini digunakan untuk rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik, mengestimasi waktu divergensi dan jarak genetik kedua populasi tersebut. Hasil rekonstruksi pohon filogenetik menempatkan semua sampel N. infrafrenatus infrafrenatus pada satu clade monofiletik (MLBS 99%, BPP= 100%). Clade ini kemudian membentuk dua subclade yaitu subclade A yang terdiri atas sampel-sampel dari Papua dan Australia (subclade Papua) serta subclade B yang terdiri dari sampel-sampel Halmahera dan Ternate (subclade Maluku). Hasil estimasi waktu divergensi menunjukkan bahwa kedua subclade tersebut mulai terpisah sejak 6.03 juta tahun lalu (jtl). Jarak genetik antara kedua subclade (2,3,- 4,2%) berada pada threshold beda spesies 3%. Sampel Australia dan populasi Papua mewakili “the true” N. infrafrenatus sedangkan populasi Maluku dengan jarak genetik 3,9-4,2% dengan sampel Australia terindikasi kuat secara genetik merupakan spesies yang berbeda. Berdasarkan artikel 23 ICZN, nama Nyctimystes tennuigranulatus dapat digunakan terutama untuk populasi Maluku bagian utara. Analisis lebih lanjut secara morfologi, akustik dan ekologi yang melibatkan sampel dari Ambon diperlukan untuk menentukan status taksonomi populasi Maluku secara menyeluruh.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Moluccas, molecular systematics, Nyctimystes, Papua