Judul: Authentication of Shark Processed Product using High-Throughput Sequencing Technique
Abstrak: Tingginya permintaan produk hiu di pasaran dapat berakibat pada kelangkaan spesies-spesies hiu tertentu di alam. Autentikasi pada produk-produk olahan hiu diperlukan untuk mendeteksi jenis spesies hiu yang digunakan pada suatu produk. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu mengidentifikasi spesies hiu langka pada produk hiu olahan yang berasal dari Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat dengan teknik High-Throughput Sequencing. Identifikasi spesies dilakukan dengan pengurutan basa nukleotida dari campuran isolat DNA sampel dengan teknik High-Throughput Sequencing, yang kemudian dilakukan analisis bioinformatika. Hasil identifikasi spesies dari produk olahan sate hiu yang berasal dari Lombok, Nusa Tenggara Barat terdeteksi menggunakan hiu diantaranya Carcharhinus falciformis yang terdaftar sebagai salah satu jenis hiu dilindungi. Sekuen yang didapatkan memiliki kemiripan tertinggi 99,35% dengan sekuen Carcharhinus falciformis yang terdaat pada GenBank., The high demand for shark products in the market increases the threat of shark species in the wild. Authentication for processed shark products is required in order to detect the shark species used in a product. The aim of this research was to identify threatened shark species in processed shark products originated from Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara using a high-throughput sequencing technique. Species identification was carried out by sequencing from a mixture of DNA isolate samples using the High-Throughput Sequencing technique, which was then carried out by bioinformatics analysis. Species used on satay products originated from Lombok, West Nusa Tenggara was detected as Carcharhinus falciformis that is listed as one of the threatened shark species. The sequence has 99,35% of percent identity with the C. falciformis sequence available in GenBank.
Keyword: Autentikasi, Carcharhinus, High throughput sequencing, Pengurutan basa nukleotida, Produk olahan ikan hiu

Judul: Identification of Shark and Stingray Species in Processed Seafood Products using the Long-read Sequencing Method
Abstrak: Tren konsumsi daging hiu dan pari yang semakin meningkat tiap tahunnya serta tingginya eksploitasi menyebabkan jumlah populasi hiu dan pari di alam semakin mengalami penyusutan. Identifikasi produk olahan ikan hiu dan pari menggunakan teknik metabarcoding berbasis Long-read Sequencing perlu dilakukan untuk menganalisis berbagai spesies dalam sampel olahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengidentifikasi spesies hiu dan pari sebagai bahan baku produk olahan hasil perikanan komersial mengggunakan teknologi Long-read Sequencing dan Sanger Sequencing. Sampel yang digunakan adalah produk hiu dan pari olahan yang didapat dari daerah Perairan Utara Pulau Jawa. Proses sekuensing dilakukan dengan menggunakan Long-read Sequencing dan diverifikasi dengan Sanger Sequencing. Metode Long-read Sequencing berhasil mengidentifikasi 9 spesies dalam produk campuran (mixed-species). Hasil identifikasi dengan Sanger Sequencing berhasil mengidentifikasi 14 spesies, berupa 7 jenis hiu dan 7 jenis pari. Hasil spesies yang teridentifikasi tersebut menunjukkan terdapat 8 spesies yang terdaftar sebagai terancam keberlanjutannya berdasarkan IUCN Red List. Enam spesies yang teridentifikasi juga terdaftar dalam Apendiks II CITES., The increasing trend in the consumption of shark and ray meat each year, and high exploitation rates, have led to a significant decline in shark and ray populations. Identifying processed shark and ray products using metabarcoding techniques based on Long-read Sequencing is necessary to analyze species in processed samples. This study aimed to identify sharks and rays species used as raw materials in commercial fishery products using Long-read Sequencing and Sanger Sequencing technologies. The samples used included processed shark and ray products obtained from the Northern Waters of Java Island. The sequencing process was carried out using Long-read Sequencing and verified with Sanger Sequencing. The Long-read Sequencing method successfully identified 9 species in mixed products. Identification results with Sanger Sequencing successfully identified 14 species, comprising 7 shark species and 7 ray species. The identified species indicated that 8 species are listed as threatened according to the IUCN Red List. Additionally, 6 of the identified species are listed in Appendix II CITES.
Keyword: sequencing, hiu, long-read, pari, sanger

Judul: Approximation of the Median of Poisson Distribution Using the Relation of Poisson-Gamma Distribution
Abstrak: A major drawback of median is that median cannot usually be defined in closed form, even in the cases where their distribution functions are known. This study gives an approximation of the closed form for the median of the Poisson distribution by using the relation of Poisson-Gamma distribution. The approximation uses elementary techniques based on the monotonicity of certain sequences involving tail probabilities of the Poisson distribution and the Central Limit Theorem. Furthermore, a closed form expression for the mean absolute deviation 􀜧|􀜰􀰒 􀵆 􀜯􀝁􀝀􁈺􀜰􀰒􁈻| is also studied. The median is relevant because of the fact that it minimizes the mean absolute deviation of a Poisson random variable (􀜰􀰒􁈻 by considering median as central tendency.
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