Judul: Composition of plant growth regulator for organogenesis and callus Induction of Pometia coriaceae In Vitro
Abstrak: Development of Pometia coriaceae, wich is widely used by local community as timber crops of high economic value is still constrained by its propagation method. The difficulty in its natural reproduction can be overcome by tissue culture techniques. The success of tissue culture propagation depends on suitable sterilization techniques, growth media, as well as the composition of growth regulators used. Thus it is important to find suitable sterilization techniques, growth media and plant growth regulators for in vitro propagation system of P. coriaceae. The purpose of this study were to obtain suitable sterilization techniques, which consisted of combination of bactericide and fungicide concentration and immersion time for P. coriaceae explants, to find suitable media composition containing composition of growth regulators concentration for explants multiplication of through organogenesis and embryogenic callus induction. A total of 4 kinds of sterilization treatment, which consisted of combination of 2 different concentrations of bactericide and fungicide with 2 different immersion times were tested on embryo, shoot of seedling, leaf and endosperm explants. For induction of organogenesis 4 kinds of composition of MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA and kinetin were tested on embryo and shoot explants. Callus induction was done on MS medium containing 4 compositions of NAA and kinetin for leaf and endosperm explants. The results showed that the best sterilization technique for sterilizing P. coriaceae explants was by immersing explants in a solution composed of bactericid and fungicide each 0.4 g/100mL for 5 minutes. MS medium fortified with 1.5 ppm NAA and 2 ppm kinetin was the medium for organogenesis of P. coriaceae embryo explants. MS0 medium, MS medium containing 0.5 ppm NAA and 1 ppm kinetin, or combination of 1 ppm NAA and 1.5 ppm kinetin, or combination of 1.5 ppm NAA and 2 ppm kinetin were able to induce callus formation from endosperm explants with the formation of roots. Callus formed on MS medium enriched with 2 ppm NAA and 2.5 ppm kinetin from endosperm has potential as embryogenic callus.
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Judul: Induksi Embrio Globular pada Tanaman Aren (Arenga pinnata (Wurmb) Merr.)
Abstrak: Sugar palm is a monocot plant belong to the Arecaceae family economically valuable and have bright prospects to be developed for food products to bio-ethanol substituting fossil fuels. This plant is usually propagated generatively yet there are a few issues being faced such as a long reproductive cycle, long seed production and dormancy, low germination capacity, and uniform seedling growth. Non-conventional plant breeding through biotechnology is the best possible alternative solution to provide good quality seedlings in order to increase sugar palm productivity. Tissue culture through somatic embryogenesis method is a technique that can be used to induce abundant and relatively uniform somatic embryos from zygotic embryos. One of the key factors when using this method which is focused in this research is the role of plant growth regulators under the auxin, cytokinin, and gibberellin groups. The objective of this study was to get the best media to produce somatic embryos from zygotic embryos of sugar palm. The obtained results are expected to be used for future sugar palm non-conventional breeding. This research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bogor Agricultural University from October 2012 to April 2013. It covers the embryogenic callus induction phase, globular embryo induction phase and globular embryos maturation phase. The first phase consisted six treatments with 2,4-D, NAA, and biotin combination aiming to induce callus formation from young zygotic embryos. In the second phase, callus obtained from the first phase were subcultured to 14 different treatments with various kinetin and TIBA combination. As for the third phase, explants which were obtained from the second phase were subcultured into media with or without GA3 combination. The variables which were observed were percentage and total sterile explants, percentage and total explants which induced callus formation, average percentage of callus coverage, percentage and total explants with base apocol smaller than haustorium, percentage and total pseudo roots, percentage and total explants which induced globular embryos, percentage and total alive and mature globular embryo clumps. Sterilization using NaOCl 1.575 % and alcohol 96 % was able to provide 50-85 % sterile explants. During callus induction phase, embryogenic callus were mostly formed at treatment A5 (MS + 3 mg l-1 2,4-D + 0.2 mg l-1 NAA + 100 mg l-1 biotin) which is 73.4 % after 8 weeks. All explants were able to form globular embryos on media B3 (callus A1 to media MS + 4 mg l-1 Kinetin), B6 (callus A1 to media MS + 1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 0.1 mg l-1 TIBA), B12 (callus A2 to media MS + 0.1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 1 mg l-1 TIBA), and B14 (callus A2 to media MS + 1 mg l-1 Kinetin + 1 mg l-1 TIBA) at 2 WAT during embryo globular induction phase. During embryo globular maturation phase, media C11 (globular embryo clumps B9 to media MS + 0.1 mg l-1 GA3) was able to induce 70.8 % mature globular embryo clumps.
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Judul: Cycle Hamilton pada Graf Lengkap, Graf Regular, dan Graf 2-Connected 4-Regular Berorder Kurang dari Sepuluh
Abstrak: Suatu graf disebut graf Hamilton apabila graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton, yaitu cycle yang melewati setiap vertex tepat satu kali. Menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada suatu graf dapat menggunakan syarat cukup yang berupa teorema-teorema yang telah diperkenalkan sejak tahun 1950-an. Beberapa syarat cukup yang dibahas dalam karya ilmiah ini adalah syarat cukup yang berhubungan dengan graf lengkap dan graf regular. Suatu graf lengkap berorder 𝑛������ ≥ 3 dan graf r-regular berorder 𝑛������ ≤ 2𝑟������ + 1 merupakan graf Hamilton, Karena kedua graf tersebut memuat cycle Hamilton. Selanjutnya, syarat cukup tersebut digunakan untuk menentukan keberadaan cycle Hamilton pada graf 2-connected 4- regular berorder kurang dari 10.
Keyword: graf Hamilton, graf regular, graf lengkap, graf 2-connected 4-regular