Judul: Mempelajari Pemenuhan Syarat Label Dari Beras Berlabel Di Beberapa Pasar Swalayan Jakarta
Abstrak: Penelitian dengan judul Mempelajari Pemenuhan Syarat Label dari Beras Berlabel di Beberapa Pasar Swalayan Jakarta dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui sejauh mana produsen beras berlabel telah memenuhi syarat label pangan sesuai dengan Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 69 tahun 1999 tentang Label dan Iklan Pangan. Metode penelitian adalah metode deskriptif dengan menggunakan data primer. Analisis data dilakukan dengan Content Analysis (Analisis isi}. Sekarang ini, analisis isi yang membandingkan hasil pengamatan dengan produk hukum yang berlaku dikenal dengan Legal Analysis Research. Data yang dikumpulkan berupa label dari beras berlabel yang dikumpulkan dari dua hypermarket (Giant dan Carrefour), dua supermarket Diamond dan Tip-Top), dan dua minimarket (Alfamart dan Indomaret). Periode pengambilan contoh dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2007. Contoh yang dikumpulkan berjumlah 42 merek beras berlabel. Sebanyak 38 dari 42 merek beras berlabel yang telah mencantumkan nama dan alamat produsen, dihasilkan oleh 22 produsen beras berlabel. Empat merek beras berlabel belum mencantumkan nama dan alamat produsen Dari hasil pengamatan, Tingkat pemenuhan syarat kelompok unsur teknis pencantuman label, tulisan pada label, keterangan minimum label, keterangan lain label, dan keterangan yang dilarang (tidak diperbolehkan pada label) masing-masing sebesar 78.57 % (33 merek), 47.62 % (20 merek), 24.28 % (10 merek), 91.67 % {38 merek}, dan 92.46 % (38 merek), dengan rata-rata tingkat pemenuhan syarat unsur atau kelompok unsur adalah 66.92 %. Untuk keterangan minimum, belum terdapat satu merekpun yang memenuhi semua syarat unsur keterangan minimum label. Tingkat pemenuhan syarat keterangan minimum label untuk merek yang telah mencantumkan nomor pendaftaran pangan (38.67 %) hampir sana dengan tingkat pemenuhan syarat unsur keterangan minimum label untuk semua merek. Dari 23 unsur yang dileliti, sebagian besar merek telah memenuhi 15 sampai 18 unsur label pangan (85.72 %). Tidak terdapat merek beras berlabel yang memenuhi 23 syarat unsur label. Terdapay informasi tambahan yang banyak dicantumkan pada label yaitu informasi cara memasak sebanyak 20 merek (47.62 %). Masih terdapatnya label yang belum memenuhi syarat unsur label dikarenakan kurangnya sosialisasi peraturan pelabelan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan sosialisasi Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 69 tahun 1999 secara terus menerus dan berkelanjutan. Diperlukan pengaturan lebih lanjut pada Peraturan Pemerintah nomor 69 tahun 1999 untuk pasal-pasal yang dinilai belum jelas, pasal-pasal yang membutuhkan pengaturan lebih lanjut dari Menteri Kesehatan, serta pasal-pasal yang isinya bertentangan dengan peraturan lain.
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Judul: Kajian Pemenuhan Syarat Label Minuman Sari Buah (Kemasan Siap Minum) Di Beberapa Pasar Swalayan Kota Bogor
Abstrak: Food labeling regulation in Indonesia is stipulated by the government through Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 69 Tahun 1999 about Food Labeling and Ad. This research consists of main and additional research that was conducted by survey method that included to descriptive method. The main objective of this research is to determine the compliance with mandatory labeling for juice beverage producer especially for the ready-to-drink products. The label substances required were assessed in main research through Legal Analysis Research. Analysis of 68 total ready-to-drink fruit juice labels showed five major substances level of compliance: minimum information on label (94.70%), technical writing on label (88.24%),inclusion technique (66.18%), prohibited information that put on label (90.68%), and other information on label (99.41%). Furthermore, community survey was conducted in the additional one to find out public awareness of ready-to-drink fruit juice label with 112 respondents who are Bogor society between the ages of 15 to 60 years. The result indicated that 71.43% respondents claimed to pay attention to the ready-to-drink fruit juice label with the expired date and composition are two substances that paid the most.
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Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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