Judul: Sustainable Farming System Planning Based On Cocoa In Way Semah Sub Watershed Lampung Province
Abstrak: Cocoa is a leading commodity in Lampung Province after coffee, because the cocoa plantations are widespread in almost district. One of the center of cocoa is Way Semah Sub Watershed which is including Pesawaran District administratively. However, cocoa productivity is still low because there is no arrangement of sustainable farming system based on cocoa. Thus have implication for lower average farmer’s income. Moreover, there is no soil conservation actions in actual farming systerm This study aimed to identify land use characteristics and to analyze the agrotechnologies and to compose sustainable farming system planning based on cocoa in Way Semah Sub Watershed. The rcommended agrotechnologies were meet sustainable farming system citeria : (1) the farming system which haspredicted erosion was lower than tolerable soil loss (ETol); (2) the farmer’s income was higher than a decent income; and (3) the agrotechnologies must be applicable and replicable by farmers. In this study, Land capability was evaluated using Klingebiel and Montgomery method, erosion was predicted using USLE (the Universal Soil Loss Equation ) equation developed by Wischmeier and Smith, and farming system was analyzed using cash flos analysis method. There is 4 (four) farming system type in intensive study site : cocoa monoculture (UT1), cocoa-coconuts (UT2), cocoa-coconuts-tangkil (UT3), and cocoa-trees-fruit plants. Result of this study showed that predicted erosion in actual agrotechnologies and cropping patterns was higher than ETol. It ranged from 89.90 to 425.80 tons hectare-1year-1 while ETol ranged from 18.42 to 32.30 tons hectare-1 year-1. Total farmer’s income were lower (Rp15 995 000 to Rp22 880 000 householder-1year-1) than a decent income (Rp.30.000.000 householder-1year-1). To increase farmer’s income, the source of income such as livestock was introduced into the existing farming system. Result of agrotechnologies simulation showed that conservation techniques of split pitch decrease predicted erosion ranged from 7.55 to 24.53 tons hectare-1year-1 and planting a shade plants result1.31 to 4.26 tons hectare-1year-1 lower than ETol. Fertilizer and livestock increase cocoa productivity and farmer’s income (Rp23 775 000 to Rp33 675 000 householder-1year-1) higher than a decent living.
Keyword: watershed, erosion, cocoa

Judul: Perencanaan penggunaan lahan dan pengembangan usahatani berbasis kopi untuk sistem pertanian berkelanjutan di DAS Ketahun Hulu Provinsi Bengkulu
Abstrak: Ketahun Hulu watershed is part of Ketahun watershed, administratively it is mainly located in Lebong district and a small portion of it is located in North Bengkulu and Rejang Lebong districts of Bengkulu province. This study was aimed to identify landuse and agrotechnology characteristics in Ketahun Hulu watershed, and to arrange land use planning and coffee based farming development for sustainable agricultural systems in the Ketahun Hulu watershed. To achieve a sustainable agriculture, there are 3 (three) indicators that should be fulfilled : a) total farmer’s income should be high enough support a life worth living, b) erosion should be less than tolerable soil loss (ETol), c) agrotechnologies should be acceptable and replicable to the farmers. This study was focus on intensive observation sites covering 14,844 hectares located in one of sub watershed that represent characteristics of the watershed. Land capability was evaluated using Klingebiel and Montgomery method, erosion was predicted using USLE equation developed by Wishmeier and Smith (1978), and farming income was analyzed using cash flow analysis method. Results of this research showed that predicted erosion in the existing cropping pattern and agrotechnologies in Ketahun Hulu watershed generally greater than ETol; it ranged from 2,47 – 683,18 tons/hectare/year while ETol was ranged from 13,45 – 36,38 tons/hectare/year. Total incomes of farmers were much lower than a decent income (Rp. 18.000.000,-/householder/year). Alternative agrotechnologies to meet the indicators of sustainable agricultural systems were recommended with two alternatives. To increase farmer’s income to meet the income of decent living, the source of income such as livestock was introduced in to the existing farming systems. Simulation of agrotechnologies show that alternatives of agrotechnology can reduce erosion to lower than ETol and to increase farmer’s income up to a decent income. Alternative agrotechnolgy 1 which consisted of grass strip plus litter mulch, fertilizer and livestock including 30 chickens and 5 goats can reduce erosion to lower than ETol (2,45 – 22,77 tons/hectares/year) and increase farmer’s income up to a decent living (Rp. 18.855.000,- to Rp. 24.915.000,-/householder/year). Alternative agrotechnology 2 which consisted ridge terrace plus litter mulch, fertilizer and livestock including 30 chickens and 5 goats can reduce erosion to lower than ETol (2,47 – 22,77 tons/hectares/year) and increase farmer’s income up to a decent living (Rp. 18.635.000,- to Rp. 24.695.000,-/householder/year). Spatial planning of recommended agrotechnologies was extrapolated into the watershed in Ketahun Hulu Watershed.
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Judul: Keberadaan Antibodi Asal Induk Newcastle Disease (ND) dan Infectious Bronchitis (IB) pada Broiler yang Divaksinasi Vaksin Rekombinan HVT-IBD
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari keberadaan antibodi asal induk terhadap virus Newcastle Disease (ND) dan Infectious Bronchitis (IB) pada broiler yang divaksinasi dengan vaksin rekombinan Herpesvirus of Turkey (HVT) - Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). Pada penelitian ini digunakan dua kelompok ayam yaitu: Kelompok Vaksinasi dan Tidak Vaksinasi. Kelompok vaksinasi menerima vaksin rekombinan HVT-IBD pada umur 1 hari. Sampel serum dikoleksi pada umur 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 19, 22, 26, 29, dan 33 hari. Titer antibodi ND ditentukan dengan uji Hemaglutinasi Inhibisi (HI), sedangkan Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) digunakan untuk menentukan titer antibodi IB. Antibodi ND pada kedua kelompok masih terdeteksi sampai broiler berumur 33 hari, namun titer antibodi ND positif hanya sampai umur 6 hari dan tidak mencapai level protektif. Antibodi IB masih pada level positif sampai dengan umur 6 hari pada kelompok divaksin dan 3 hari pada kelompok tidak divaksin. Hasil penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa diperlukan vaksinasi ND pada broiler berumur 3 hari dan vaksinasi IB pada broiler berumur lebih dari 6 hari.
Keyword: Antibodi asal induk, broiler, Infectious, Bronchitis, Newcastle Disease