Judul: Effort of survival rate improvement of climbing perch anabas testudineus bloch larvae through study on digestive system ontogeny, HUFA biosynthesis ability and essential fatty acid enrichment
Abstrak: Climbing perch Anabas testudineus (Bloch) is commercially valuable fish species and representing a great of interest for aquaculture in Kalimantan, Indonesia. However, limited success on larval rearing of the fish has been obtained. Thus, the aim of the study was to increase survival rate of the larvae through evaluations on: ontogeny of digestive system, ability of HUFA biosynthesis, and enrichment of essential fatty acid. Development of digestive system was evaluated in larvae reared from hatching to 30 days after hatching using histological and morphological methods, and biochemical techniques. PUFA to HUFA biosynthesis ability was evaluated in fish using analysis of gene expression encoding enzymes involved in HUFA biosynthesis, and fatty acid profile. Development of the digestive tract in climbing perch followed the general pattern described for other species. At hatching (D0), it consisted of an undifferentiated straight tube laying dorsally to the yolk sac. At first feeding (D2), the digestive tract was fully differentiated into buccopharynx, esophagus, intestine and rectum with opened mouth and anus, and almost digestive enzymes were detected. The activities of all the enzymes remained stable from D25 onwards, coinciding with the formation of pyloric caecum. The enzymatic equipment of the larvae was completely efficient up to D25 and since then formulated feed could be offered. Moreover, the results showed that the fatty acid elongase and desaturase genes expression level was increased in the 12-day larvae fed on corn and the candle nut oil-enriched rotifers. This suggested that the elongase and desaturase enzymes were involved in HUFA biosynthesis. Results also indicated that the larvae fed by enriched rotifer with vegetable oil emulsions had higher survival rate than that of fed by non-enriched in control treatment. The highest survival rate of larvae was obtained in treatment D with ratio 1:1 of the corn and candle nut oils. In this treatment, concentration of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 10.33%) and arachidonic acid (ARA; 6.20%) was higher compared to the other treatments. It is most likely that DHA and ARA play important role on survival of the larvae. Therefore, the corn oil and the candle nut oil with a ratio 1:1 could be used to provide high performance of climbing perch larvae.
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Judul: Upaya peningkatan kelangsungan hidup larva udang windu ( penaeus monodon fab ) dengan cara penambahan air setiap hari pada wadah pemeliharaan
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mempunyai tujuan, mengetahui pengaruh penambahan air laut baru sebanyak 0%, 5%, 10% dan 15% dari volume awal setiap hari ke dalam wadah pemeliharaan larva udang windu (Penaeus monodon Fab.) terhadap tingkat kelangsungan hidup nauplius 6 hingga larva tersebut mencapai stadia pasca larva 5. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai tanggal 20 April sampai dengan 2 Mei 1988, berlokasi di Pembenihan Udang PT. Humpuss, Divisi Perikanan, desa Banjarmasin, kecamatan Labuan, kabu- paten Pandeglang, Jawa Barat, Indonesia Rancangan Percobaan yang digunakan adalah rancangan acak lengkap dengan 4 perlakuan dan 3 ulangan.. Keempat per- lakuan tersebut adalah penambahan air laut baru sebanyak 0% (A) 5% (B), 10% (C) dan 15% (D) dari volume awal. setiap hari ke dalam wadah pemeliharaan larva. Udang uji (nauplius 6) dimasukkan ke dalam wadah (em- ber plastik) berkapasitas + 33 liter. Jumlah wadah yang digunakan adalah 12 buah. Semua wadah dimasukkan ke dalam bak kayu berukuran 2,5 x 1,0 x 0,3 m³ yang telah dilapisi plastik. Setelah itu setiap wadah diisi air laut dan udang uji. Air laut yang diisikan sebanyak 9 liter wadah. Air laut ini bersalinitas 30 per mil dan mempunyai temperatur 30 °C, sedangkan jumlah udang uji yang dimasukkan ke dalam setiap wadah adalah 1350 ekor (150 ekor perliter air pemeliharaan). Kemudian bak kayu diisi air se- tinggi 25 cm dan ke dalamnya diletakkan thermostat yang di- pasang pada skala 30 °C. Air dalam setiap wadah penelitian dan bak kayu diaerasi. Skeletonema diberikan pada nauplius 6 sampai larva ber- kembang menjadi pasca larva 5. Kepadatan Skeletonema dalam air setiap wadah pemeliharaan, saat awal pemeliharaan nauplius 6 sampai zoea 3 dipertahankan sebesar 75.000 sel per ml. Mulai mysis 1 sampai pasca larva 5 kepadatannya dipertahankan se- besar 20.000 sel per ml. Spirulina kering diberikan juga pada nauplius 6 sampai pasca larva 5. Nauplius 6 sampai zoea 3 diberikan sebanyak 1. mg per liter, sedangkan mulai mysis 1 sampai pasca larva 5 diberikan sebanyak 0,5 mg per liter. Nauplius Artemia mulai diberikan pada zoea 3 hingga larva ber- kembang menjadi pasca larva 5. Zoea 3 hingga mysis 3 diberi- kan sebanyak 35 ekor per larva per hari. Pasca larva 1 hingga pasca larva 5 diberikan sebanyak 150 ekor per larva per hari. Kelangsungan hidup udang uji rata-rata sampai akhir penelitian pada wadah A 38,77 % pada wadah B 59,65 % pada wadah C 75,46 % dan pada wadah D 89,55%...dst
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Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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