Judul: Penentuan Konsentrasi Optimum Ekstrak Daun Pepaya dan Bakteri Asam Laktat sebagai Substitusi Rennet dalam Penggumpalan Susu
Abstrak: Casein precipitation or known as milk coagulation is the fundamental concept in cheese manufacturing. Up until now rennet is preferred as predominant coagulant, not merely able to coagulate milk in brief time, yet it is the factor for cheese smoothness. However emerging issues regarding for lowering of rennet stock had driven manufacturers to switch into porcine-rennet which extracted from swine intestine. The research was conducted to screen any ingredient such as plant extracts and microbial isolates which most applicable to substitute rennet. Research methodology includes milk quality testing, milk coagulation, organoleptic test and proximate analysis. Trials are carried out using papaya leaf extract and lactic acid bacteria, and curds are tested by panelists. Preferred concentrations are 30% (papaya leaf extract), 6% (Lactobacillus acidophilus), 8% (for both Lactobacillus casei and Lactococcus lactis). Result of proximate analysis showed curd from papaya leaf extract has high fat:protein ratio, yet curd by lactic acid bacterias has similar character to Cottage cheese, one of the most well known soft cheese.
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Judul: Isolasi dan Seleksi Mikroba Penghasil Enzim Penggumpal Susu (Milk-Clotting) dari Pangan Fermentasi Sebagai Pengganti Renindalam Pembuatan Keju
Abstrak: bakery products. Basic process in cheese processing is milk coagulation using renin activity, a milk-clotting enzyme from calf stomach. The difficulties to obtain rennin encourage to find other alternatives rennin-sustitute. The objectives of this research were to obtain isolate produces milk clotting enzyme from fermented food and determine the isolate which has high ratio of milk-clotting enzyme activity toward protease. The methods of this research were enrichment, isolation, measurement of milk-clotting activity, measurement of protease activity, and determination of ratio of milk clotting activity toward protease, respectively. This isolation resulted three isolates from tauco (TCN 1, TCN 2, TCN 3) and one isolate from fermented vegetable (DSN 1).The isolate which has the highest ratio of milk-clotting toward protease is TCN 2 with the ratio 175,000 and potentially used as an alternative rennin-substitute in cheese processing
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Judul: Integration of Islamic Stock Markets of OIC Countries Before and During the Russia-Ukraine War Crisis
Abstrak: Pasar saham yang terintegrasi memberikan dampak negatif seperti percepatan co-movement (pergerakan bersama) yang rentan terhadap guncangan ekonomi, maupun krisis pasar global ke pasar domestik. Salah satu krisis yang terjadi pada tahun 2022 adalah perang Rusia-Ukraina yang berdampak pada pasar saham, termasuk pada saham syariah yang dipercaya lebih tahan terhadap guncangan krisis global. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meneliti perkembangan, integrasi dan respon lima pasar saham syariah negara OKI pada perang Rusia-Ukraina. Metode yang digunakan adalah VAR/VECM pada indeks DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, dan SPBMIU. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pergerakan yang sama pada pasar saham UAE dan Arab Saudi, sedangkan Turki mengalami tren positif selama perang. Pasar saham syariah negara OKI selama periode perang Rusia-Ukraina terkointegrasi, sementara pasar saham Malaysia memengaruhi pasar saham syariah empat negara OKI lainnya. Hasil IRF menunjukkan terdapat efek permanen pada volatilitas pasar saham syariah negara OKI akibat guncangan yang diberikan. Namun, respon volatilitas relatif kecil karena kontribusi guncangan lebih didominasi oleh pasar saham itu sendiri, An integrated stock market has negative impacts, such as accelerating co-movement, which is vulnerable to economic shocks and global market crises on the domestic market. One of the crises in 2022 was the Russia-Ukraine war which impacted the stock market, including Sharia stocks which were believed to be more resistant to the shocks of the global crisis. This study examines the development, integration, and response of OIC countries five Islamic stock markets in the Russia-Ukraine war. The method used is VAR/VECM on the DJIMMT25, SPSADS, SPSUUAEDS, JII, DJIMT, SPBMIR, and SPBMIU indices. The results show the same movement in the UAE and Saudi Arabia stock markets, while Turkey experienced a positive trend during the war. The Islamic stock market of the OIC countries during the Russia-Ukraine war was cointegrated. In contrast, the Malaysian stock market influenced the Islamic stock markets of the other four OIC countries. The IRF results show a permanent effect on the volatility of the Islamic stock market in OKI countries due to the shocks given. However, the volatility response is relatively small because the stock market itself dominates the contribution of shocks.
Keyword: co-movement, OIC, Rusia-Ukraine war, sharia stock market integration