Judul: Schistosomiasis pada manusia dan penanggulangannya
Abstrak: Schistosomiasis merupakan satu dari sejumlah penya kit infeksius yang menyebar dan semakin penting di dae- rah tropis. Parasit ada pada sistim irigasi yang menun jang perkembangan siput sebagai induk semang antara; dan menghambat perkembangan ekonomi yang penting bagi masyarakat pedesaan. Karena peningkatan kemakmuran maka mobilitas pen- duduk di daerah endemik telah meningkat. Hal ini me- nyebabkan orang dan bukan siput yang memindahkan penyakit ini ke daearh yang amat jauh. Masalah selanjutnya timbul ketika orang mengunju- ngi daerah endemik baik pekerja atau turis kemudian. kembali ke daerah non endemik di luar daerah tropis. Tidak asing lagi kalau ditemukan pasien di rumah sakit di Amerika/Eropa yang menderita schistosomiasis tanpa diagnosa spesifik. Masalah yang sama terlihat dengan banyaknya imigran terinfeksi di Puertorico dan India yang menetap tinggal di U..A atau Inggeris. Karena gejala yang terlihat pada schistosomiasis sering tidak jelas, maka perhatian terhadap penyakit ini sangat kurang. Akibatnya anggaran biaya pengawasan schistosomiasis biasanya sangat rendah. Keadaan ini akan semakin buruk kecuali Perkumpulan Badan Interna sional mengambil tindakan yang sama seperti pada mala- ria atau smollpox. Saat ini dengan alat-alat yang digunakan tidak efisien; Pembasmian yang baik belum terpikirkan. Ka laupun ada perbaikan tekhnik pengawasan siput dan ada obat yang efektif, masih ada satu masalah penting yaitu host hewan sebagai reservoar; memelihara infeksi tanpa adanya reinfeksi dari manusia. Oleh karena itu perlu diperhatikan berhubungan langsung dengan sumber air dari kolam atau tempat-tempat yang terbuka lainnya yang kemungkinan besar tercemar oleh Schistosoma sp. Dengan peningkatan perhatian pada penyakit epizoo- tik akan dapat mengurangi kejadian infeksi. Jika dokter hewan menaruh perhatian besar pada masalah ini atau dapat menyuluh masyarakat untuk lebih memperhatikan masalah ini, tidak disangsikan bahwa masalah akan tertanggulangi…
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Judul: Transmisi Zoonosis Schistosomiasis Japonica pada Mamalia Domestik di Daerah Endemik Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah
Abstrak: Schistosomiasis japonica is still a public health problem in Indonesia. Schistosomiasis control in Indonesia exclusively concentrated on humans; therefore, it has not been successful. Studies in other endemic countries identified animals, especially cattle and buffalo, as the main contributors to schistosomiasis transmission in humans. Data on the role of domestic mammals in the transmission of schistosomiasis in Indonesia is urgently needed to support the target of Indonesia free of schistosomiasis 2025 as targeted in the Road Map for Eradication of Snail Fever (Schistosomiasis) 2018-2025. Until now, the role of domestic mammals in the transmission of schistosomiasis in Indonesia is not available. These data are needed for the preparation of a schistosomiasis control program in Indonesia. This study aims to analyze the essential role of mammals in the transmission of schistosomiasis in endemic areas (Lindu and West Lore Sub-districts) by (1) measuring the prevalence of schistosomiasis in mammals using coprology and serology approaches and the degree of infection, (2) calculating the contamination index and the relative contribution of mammalian species who live in endemic areas in the transmission of schistosomiasis, and (3) analyzing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of animal owners regarding schistosomiasis and disease transmission. This study uses a cross-sectional survey design conducted in two sub-districts (Lindu and West Lore Sub-districts). The methods used to diagnose schistosomiasis in animals from fecal samples are the Danish Bilharziasis Laboratory (DBL) and the miracidia hatching test. The study also measured infection intensity in animals by the DBL technique. An indirect hemagglutination test detected the appearance of antibodies to the soluble egg antigen S. japonicum in sera. Animal contamination index and relative transmission index were measured using previously published formulas. The researchers obtained secondary data from the Lengkeka Schistosomiasis Laboratory with permission from the Poso District Health Office. The data consisted of Kato-Katz examination of resident feces samples to determine the prevalence and intensity of schistosomiasis infection in humans in the West Lore Sub-district. This study also determined the involvement of people in the transmission of schistosomiasis in the form of research of knowledge, attitudes, and actions of animal owners in the West Lore Sub-district. A questionnaire to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding schistosomiasis was given and filled out by 43 animal owners. The questionnaire used in this study recorded socio-demographic data of respondents. The data obtained were saved in Excel version 2013 format and were analyzed using SPSS Version 23.0. The results of this study were animal feces obtained from Lindu Sub-district amounted to 134 animals (13 cows, 26 buffaloes, 28 horses, 59 pigs, and eight dogs). In comparison, feces samples obtained from West Lore Sub-district were 209 animals (44 cows, seven buffaloes, two horses, 86 pigs, and 70 dogs). The prevalence of schistosomiasis in animals based on the DBL method in Lindu and West Lore sub-districts was 35.8% (48/134) and 45.46% (95/209), respectively. The prevalence in cattle, buffalo, horses, pigs, and dogs based on the DBL method in Lindu Sub-district was 61.5%, respectively; 42.3%; 25.0%; 35.6%; and 12.5%, while the prevalence of schistosomiasis in West Lore was 54.55%, respectively; 28.57%; 100.0%; 51.16%; and
Keyword: S. japonicum, animals, zoonoses, transmission

Judul: Characterization of The Chemical Constituents and Antioxidant Capacity of Green and Oolong Teas (Camellia sinensis) Manufactured in Thailand
Abstrak: Tea in Thailand most manufactured in northern area, especially Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Nan, and Mai Hang Son province. The aim of this study was to determine and compare the chemical compositions and antioxidant capacity of 4 important Thai tea products. A total of 13 of green teas of 2 major cultivars, assamicaand cv. oolong no.12 (chin hsuan oolong) and 26 of oolong tea of 2 major varieties, cv. oolong no. 12 and cv. oolong no. 17 (chin shin oolong) were collected from 18 factories in Chiang Rai province in 2011. The total polyphenol content was determined according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO 14502-1). For antioxidant capacity, DPPH radical scavenging activitiy assay and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay were determined. The catechins content and caffeine content were determined using HPLC by ISO method (ISO-14502-2). Results showed that about 95% of the 39 tea samples manufactured in Thailand had moisture content below 7%, 5% of tea samples being above 7%. The total polyphenol content in green tea was found to vary from 11.86 to 21.19%GAE, while in oolong tea was found in a range of10.22 to 17.57%GAE. The caffeine content in green tea samples were in a range of 1.69 to 3.7%, while in oolong tea samples were in a range of 1.61 to 3.26%. The catechin content in green tea samples were in a range of 8.31-14.08%, while in oolong tea samples were in a range of 6.81-12.46%. The antioxidant capacity in green tea samples was 164.01 mmole TE/100 g dry basis, while in oolong tea samples was about 132.73mmole TE/100 g dry basis. This study provided useful information for the tea industry in Thailand and other countries in processing and selecting a good-quality tea.
Keyword: Antioxidant capacity, Camellia sinensis, Green tea, Oolong tea, Thailand