Judul: Pemanfaatan Minyak Sawit Kasar Degumming sebagai Sumber β-Karoten dalam Pembuatan Keripik Sanjai Balado
Abstrak: Vitamin A deficiency is an essential of social healthy problem in more than 70 countries include Indonesia. National survey of vitamin A deficiency in 1992 showed that prevalence of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) decreased from 1.3% to 0.3% and VAD subclinical degree (retinol serum concentration < 20μg/dl blood) to children is about 50%. However, national small scale survey in 1999 indicated that there is increasing because economic crisis and poverty. So, it needs VAD prevention and tackling. One of the ways to solve VAD problem is vitamin A supply enough by increasing the natural source of vitamin A, for example vegetables, fruits (which has orange skin) and palm oil. Palm oil contains high β-carotene about 15 times of carrot and 44 times of vegetables. Therefore, using crude palm oil degumming (CPOD) is as source of β-carotene to enrich vitamin A in food product like Keripik Sanjai Balado. Keripik Sanjai Balado (KSB) is made from cassava that is one of traditional food in Padang, West Sumatra. KSB is favorite snack and also cheap. So, KSB can be used as nutrition carrier, especially β-carotene because it is one of the soluble pigment groups in fat and has orange color. Palm oil which is used in frying KSB is the oil after degumming because it still has high β-carotene. β-Carotene which is containing in KSB is tested by in vivo analysis using rat. Research is done by two steps. The first step is getting information to know KSB production process, degumming process, chemical analysis, organoleptic of hedonic quality. The most favorite of it will be stored in transparent plastic bag about 0, 2 and 4 weeks to know microbiology quality. The second step is to learn biologic availability of β-carotene in KSB by in-vivo. There are two treatments in this research. The first treatment is kind of oil (bulk and CPOD) and number of oil using (without and once). The second treatment is using CPOD repeatedly (1, 2, and 3 times) and time duration of storage. This study design with Completely Randomized Design. Result showed that β-Carotene content in CPOD is about 420.49 ppm, and can not be detected in bulk. KSB hedonic quality showed that KSB production by using bulk was significant (α<0,05). Kind of oil was significant to taste of KSB (α<0,05). Moreover, kind of the oil in KSB production was significant (α<0,05) to color, crispy, and after taste. Time duration of storage was significant (α<0,05) to microbiologic quality in KSB. Analysis result of HPLC showed that vitamin A accumulation factor about 1/39.6 and 1/26.76 in KSB. So, it shown that β- carotene in KSB can be digested and absorbed by our body well. And based on extrapolation result of in vivo test using rat showed that to complete vitamin A for man 10–64+ years old and women 10–19 years old is about 600 RE/day. So, number of KSB that must be consumed is about 280.55 g/day.
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Judul: Reformulasi Mikroenkapsulasi Minyak Sawit dengan Teknik Koaservasi, Pengeringan Lapis Tipis, dan Penyerapan SiO2
Abstrak: Cases of vitamin A deficiency (VAD) are often found in Indonesia. On the other hand, Indonesia is the largest palm oil producer in the world. The content of β-carotene, which is a provitamin A, in palm oil is relatively high, so that it has a great potential for overcoming cases of VAD. By microencapsulation process of palm oil, β-carotene content in palm oil will be more stable and have a longer shelf life. There are three methods used in this study, namely coacervation, thin-layer drying, and SiO2 absorption technique – teoretically they are suitable for encapsulating β-carotene in palm oil. Results of ANOVA test at 5% significance level showed that the differences in methods significantly affect water absorption, solubility in water, yield, efficiency, and the β-carotene content and retention of microencapsulate. The microencapsulate made by thin-layer drying method had the highest levels of β-carotene at 200.16 ppm with retention 68.89%. It also had low water absorption and high water solubility so that it can be applied as a premix.
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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