Judul: Grouping of Agaric Fungus Stature Based on Landmark Geometric Morphometric Method
Abstrak: Jamur makroskopis merupakan organisme dengan keanekaragaman yang tinggi dengan sifat saprob, parasit atau fakultatif dengan banyak manfaat. Metode pengklasifikasian jamur agarik biasanya menggunakan karakter morfologi seperti bentuk cap, bentuk stipe, karakter lamella, annulus, dan volva. Pengklasifikasian jamur dapat dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode morfometrik dengan menggunakan koordinat potongan melintang tubuh buah yang dibuat perawakannya. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengelompokkan perawakan jamur agarik berdasarkan perbedaan koordinat dengan menggunakan metode morfometrik geometrik landmark. Foto sayatan membujur jamur agarik diperoleh dari lapang (18 sampel) dan literatur (33 sampel). Perawakan jamur dari foto tersebut kemudian dibuat dengan menggunakan Software MediBang Paint versi 19.5 yang dilanjutkan dengan penempatan landmark anatomi. Pengelompokan perawakan jamur ditampilkan dengan metode PCA dalam scatter plot dengan menggunakan bentuk tidak seragam (non-affine) . Hasil menunjukkan bahwa seluruh sampel dikelompokkan menjadi 4 kelompok PCA. Hanya Agaricus xanthodermes dan Agaricus silvicola (PCA 1); Lepista nuda dan Calocybe gambosa (PCA 1); Agaricus campestris dan Agaricus arvensis (PCA 3) didukung pengelompokannya berdasarkan filogenetik molekuler dari beberapa literatur. Untuk menguatkan pengelompokan sampel lainnya dalam hasil analisis PCA tersebut maka diperlukan data molekuler yang sangat banyak.
Keyword: Jamur agarik, landmark, morfometrik, perawakan

Judul: Grouping of Ganoderma Species Based On Hymenophore Characters Using Multivariate Morphometric Method.
Abstrak: Ganoderma spp. diidentifikasi dengan berbagai cara antara lain berdasarkan karakter morfologi dengan metode konvensional dan metode molekuler tetapi, karakterisasi morfologi secara morfometrik belum pernah dilakukan sebelumnya. Metode morfometrik multivariat digunakan untuk identifikasi Ganoderma spp. menggunakan karakter himenofor (luas pori, kerapatan pori/5 mm2, jumlah pori/1 mm garis, jumlah harmonik, panjang perimeter, dan panjang dissepiment). Sampel terdiri atas data dari literatur yang diketahui nama jenisnya dan sampel dari lapang (G1-G15) yang diperoleh dari wilayah kampus IPB University dan sekitarnya. Hasil pengukuran dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA, Heatmap Clustering Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-Biplot, dan analisis korelasi. Hasil penelitian analisis HCA dan PCA-Biplot menunjukkan bahwa semua sampel dikelompokkan dalam 4 kelompok yang sama kecuali G. multiplicatum. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa G. destructans, G. dunense, dan G. enigmaticum berada dalam satu kelompok (kelompok 1) serta G. australe, G. gibbosum, G. lingzhi, dan G. lucidum berada dalam satu kelompok (kelompok 3). Dua kelompok ini didukung oleh hasil molekuler dari beberapa literatur. Dua pengelompokan sampel tersebut juga didukung oleh 1-2 karakter dominan., Ganoderma identified in various ways, including based on morphological characters with conventional methods and molecular methods, however, morphological characterization by morphometrics has never been done before. Multivariate morphometric methods were used to identify Ganoderma spp. using hymenophore characters (pore area, pore density/5 mm2, number of pores/1 mm line, number of harmonics, perimeter length, and dissepiment length). The sample consists of data from literature with known species names and field samples (G1-G15) obtained from the IPB University and surrounding area. The measurement results were analyzed using ANOVA, Heatmap Clustering Analysis (HCA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA)-Biplot, and correlation. The results of the HCA and PCA-Biplot analysis showed that all samples were grouped into the same 4 groups, except for G. multiplicatum. The analysis showed that G. destructans, G. dunense, and G. enigmaticum were in one group (group 1) and G. australe, G. gibbosum, G. lingzhi, and G. lucidum were in one group (group 3). Both groups are supported by molecular results from several literatures. Both groupings are also supported by 1-2 dominant characters.
Keyword: Ganoderma spp., Himenofor, ImageJ, Morfologi, Morfometrik Multivariat

Judul: Thermal Characteristics and Dynamics of Tropical Cyclone over Western North Pacific Ocean: A Case Study of Typhoon Songda (Chedeng) 2011
Abstrak: The frequent occasion of Tropical Cyclone (TC) over Western North Pacific (WNP) Ocean lies from 10˚N to 26˚N and 121˚E to 170˚E. Sources of TC development come from warm ocean temperature where latent heat is released during condensation processes and subsequently concentrated in the boundary layer. Relative humidity at 850-700 hPa is responsible to produce the most intense storm. Meanwhile, weak vertical wind shear between 850-200 hPa is one of the dynamical factors that lead to the development of TC. Pressure level of 850-200 hPa is chosen to minimize the thermodynamic effect in the lower troposphere. Typhoon Songda (Chedeng in the Philippines) or TSC lasted from May 18th to 30th, 2011 and strengthened into powerful Super Typhoon stage between May 24th and 27th. Long curving track and the exhibition of all sequences of TC life cycle, TSC is then considered as an ideal case of TC. The objective of the study with case of TSC is to investigate the role of thermal characteristics and dynamics on TC intensity. The research is carried out by using Advanced Research of Weather Research and Forecasting model (WRF ARW model) version 3.3. Two domains are employed in the model. The first domain situate from 02˚N to 40˚N and 118˚E to 149˚E and cover spatial resolution () of 33.1 km. The second domain situate from 09˚N to 27˚N and 119˚E to 132˚E with of 11 km. Timestep of the model () is 120 seconds. The model is supported by the following physical parameterization, i.e., Yonsei University Scheme (YSU) in the boundary layer, Kain-Fritsch scheme (KF) in the cumulus, and WRF Single-Moment 3-class scheme in the microphysics. Initial meteorological condition prior to the formation of the cyclone is generated using WRF ARW standard-release model. Sensitivity of the model output is obtained from a selected single-parameter change scenarios, namely, 10 % to 20 % decrease and increase of wind shear initial data at 850-200 hPa, and by 10 % to 20 % decrease of relative humidity initial data at 850-700 hPa. The result showed that the negative correlations between wind shear and intensity are found in wind shear scenarios. Wind shears of 10 ms-1 which lead to strengthening of the wind intensity in the early period of Typhoon development are found in wind shear scenarios. The effect of wind shear changes on wind intensity is statistically significant in the 20 % wind shear scenarios. During mature stage, weak wind intensity occurred when wind shear increase as given in the WRF standard-release and the 20 % decreasing scenario. Different situation is found in the 20 % increasing scenario where wind shear tend to weak and lead to strong wind intensity at this stage. Meanwhile, the reduction of moisture supply at 850-700 hPa resulting from 20 % decreasing relative humidity play a major role in the weakening of wind intensity and reduces mechanical energy of the cycle process as much as 300 J kg-1.
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