Judul: Pertumbuhan Bakau Kurap (Rhizophora stylosa Griff.) di Persemaian Mangrove Desa Muara, Kecamatan Teluk Naga, Tangerang
Abstrak: Mangrove rehabilitation activities that are being undertaken in Muara village include seedling and planting activities for various species of mangroves, especially Rhizophora stylosa Griff. (bakau kurap). The villagers have problem to see the differences of ripe and mature fruit according to the activities. They often pick the ripe fruits that still have pieces of fruit although ripe fruits need preface treatment that take long time to be a seed. This study was conducted to obtain information about the development of bakau kurap growth in order to obtain a better cultivation technique based on propagules type at nursery, and the growth in the field based on planting treatments. Those are seedling in polybag, seedling non polybag, and direct seed from propagules. The result showed that during 4 months observation, direct seed from propagules treatment gave effect the highest of height growth about 3.19 cm/month. It suggested that rehabilitation activities should used direct seed from propagules at shallow area.
Keyword: Rhizophora stylosa Griff., propagules, Muara village, mangrove rehabilitation

Judul: Pertumbuhan Bakau Minyak (Rhizophora apiculata Blume.) di Persemaian Mangrove Desa Muara Teluk Naga Tangerang
Abstrak: Rhizophora apiculata Blume. is one of the most important species in mangrove forest and often used for forest rehabilitation, particularly at Muara Teluk Naga Village, Tangerang District. Purpose of this research was to obtain information about R. apiculata, so we can find the appropriate cultivation method with complete random sytem. Two treatments were used in nursery, i.e. propagul with pieces of fruit and propagul without pieces of fruit. Therefore, planting used two treatment, i.e. planting with polybag and direct seeding. The result of this experiment was germination value of propagul with pieces of fruit was higher (74.4%) than propagul without pieces of fruit (59.6%). The signification differences of nursery treatment in R. apiculata only showed in growth parameter but the other parameter not showed. The different treatment planting has an effect in growth parameter.
Keyword: Teluk Naga Vilagge, Rhizophora apiculata Blume., Pieces of fruit, Mangrove

Judul: Evaluation of Influenza Antibody Titers in Serum and Egg Yolk of Layers Vaccinated with Influenza Vaccines.
Abstrak: Influenza belongs to the Orthomyxoviridae family which causes upper and lower respiratory tract infection. The aim of this study was to evaluate influenza-A specific antibody titers from serum and egg yolk of hens vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza vaccines. Three Hy-line Brown layers were vaccinated with quadrivalent influenza type A and B inactivated vaccines. Vaccination was carried out three times at a dose of 0.25 ml/chicken via the intramuscular route. The first vaccination was carried out at 24 weeks of age, then boosters were performed at 28 and 32 weeks of age. Serum and egg yolk were collected every week for 20 weeks since the first vaccination. Influenza A H3N2 and H1N1 antibody titers were determined using hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test and agar-gel-precipitation (AGP) test. Influenza-A H3N2 and H1N1 specific antibodies were detected in both serum and egg yolk from the first to twenty weeks after the initial vaccination. Highest HI geometric mean titer (GMT) of H1N1 antibody reached 26.67 HIU at nine weeks post first vaccination (p.f.v), while H3N2 antibody reached 26 HIU at six weeks p.f.v. Our result showed that influenza antibodies can be produced in layers using quadrivalent vaccines and layer chickens are able to produce equivalent antibody levels for each influenza subtype.
Keyword: antibody, egg yolk, influenza, layer chickens, serum