Judul: Analisis Kestabilan Model Populasi Pertumbuhan Virus Chikungunya dalam Tubuh Manusia dengan Waktu Tunda.
Abstrak: Dalam tulisan ini dipelajari pertumbuhan virus Chikungunya dalam tubuh manusia. Populasi yang terlibat dalam model ini terdiri dari host cells yang rentan terhadap penyakit, terinfeksi penyakit, virus Chikungunya, dan sel imun dalam tubuh manusia. Model infeksi ini dipengaruhi oleh dua waktu tunda yaitu waktu tunda pematangan virus dan waktu tunda respon aktivasi imun. Dalam model ini dihasilkan dua titik tetap E0 (titik tetap bebas penyakit) dan E1 (titik tetap endemik). Dengan menggunakan The Next Generation Matrix dihasilkan bilangan reproduksi dasar (ℛ0), jika ℛ0 < 1 maka akan stabil di sekitar E0 sedangkan jika ℛ0 > 1 maka akan stabil di sekitar E1. Pada model ini dianalisis juga mengenai perubahan nilai parameter tingkat kontak efektif antara host cells rentan dengan virus Chikungunya yang berpengaruh terhadap nilai ℛ0. Dengan hanya mengubah nilai waktu tunda pematangan virus tidak berpengaruh terhadap kestabilan sistem, dengan mengubah nilai waktu tunda respon aktivasi imun akan mengubah kestabilan sistem dengan munculnya limit cycle dan terjadinya bifurkasi Hopf.
Keyword: bifurkasi Hopf, bilangan reproduksi dasar, infeksi virus Chikungunya, the next generation matrix, antioksidan

Judul: Model SEIRS pada penyakit chikungunya
Abstrak: Chikungunya is a disease caused by the chikungunya virus. It is spread to human through the bites of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. A SEIRS-LSEI model is proposed to formulate the dynamic of chikungunya disease from mosquito to human. SEIRS-LSEI model of chikungunya has four equilibrium points, i.e. two disease free and two endemic points. The stability of those points are determined according to the eigen values of Jacobi matrix. The existence of the disease are controlled by the basic reproduction number In this thesis, the dynamical analysis of interaction between human and mosquito is given by some illustrative examples. We consider two policies in controlling mosquito population, i.e. spraying and using antimosquito lotion. Mosquito spraying will increase the parameter of mosquito mortality, while spraying antimosquito lotion will decrease the parameter of average daily biting. The dynamics of the disease is mainly determined by the intensity of interaction of human susceptible with infected mosquito. Simulation results confirm that, if the rate of mosquito mortality increases by spraying, then the population of infected human decreases, such that the population of suscepted human increases. The same situation happens when the average daily biting of infected mosquito decreases by lotion usage. . If the number is less than one, then the disease can be removed from the population. On the other hand, if the
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Judul: Production and formulation of methyl ester sulfonate-based surfactant from palm olein for enhanced oil recovery application
Abstrak: The remaining oil in a reservoir that cannot be produced using the natural driving force (primary recovery) is about 50 to 80% of the initial oil volumes (IOIP). A secondary recovery technique such as waterflooding can only increase the recovery as much as 5 to 20% of the IOIP. Therefore, a method known as Enhanced Oil Recovery (EOR) has to be implemented in the reservoir in the effort to recover much more oil. One of the EOR methods is surfactant injection. The injection of surfactant solution is aimed to significantly reduce the capillary forces in the reservoir by lowering the oil-water interfacial tension within the pore spaces. Once the capillary force is diminished, the reservoir oil is much easier to be displaced and moved toward the production wells. This is an excellent opportunity to develop a type of vegetable oil-based surfactants. One of potential surfactant types to develop is methyl ester sulphonate surfactant (MES). This study was aimed at producing MES surfactant and formula-based methyl ester sulfonate surfactant from palm olein to be applied for in the process of improving oil recovery using carbonate formation fluids. Results of the study showed that the best condition was achieved in a sulphonation process done in 3-4 hours with the flowrate of dry air of 1.8 kg/hour and a purification performed without the addition of methanol in a pH of 8. The best MES surfactant-based formula for EOR applications on the formation of carbonate was the one with the composition of 0.3% MES surfactant, 0.3% Na2CO3, and 15,000 ppm salinity. MES surfactant produced from this formula had more heat resistance, higher salinity, and higher hardness than the commercial surfactants did. Results of the performance test of surfactant-based formula showed that the MES surfactant formula was compatible with formation water and injection water. The formed phase was a lower phase which was relatively stable on a heating up to day 77 (reservoir temperature of 70 and 112 °C) with a range of interfacial tension of 10-2 dynes/cm. The adsorption reached 152.86 μg active matter/g core and the incremental oil recovery using synthetic core of 8-19% and using native core of 9.1%. Surfactant solution coreflooding test with bottom-up flow direction resulted in a greater oil recovery (16%) than that with top-down flow direction. This was caused by the influence of gravity.
Keyword: Palm Olein