Judul: . The Impact of Soil Amendment Applications on the Greenness Level of Pineapple Leaves Using Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) Analysis
Abstrak: FABA (Fly Ash-Bottom Ash) merupakan sisa limbah pembakaran batubara yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai pembenah tanah untuk memperbaiki sifat kimia tanah dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman. Penelitian pemanfaatan FABA telah dilakukan oleh PT Great Giant Pineapple (PT. GGP) dengan pengaplikasian kompos diperkaya FABA. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh aplikasi kompos diperkaya FABA terhadap tingkat kehijauan daun nanas dengan menggunakan nilai NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) sebagai parameter indikator. Perlakuan yang dilakukan adalah Kontrol, Kompos, Kompos diperkaya FABA 5, 15, 25 ton/ha, dengan aplikasi secara palir dan 50 ton/ha secara tebar, dengan rasio kompos dan FABA sebesar 75 : 25. NDVI merupakan salah satu indeks tanaman yang paling populer untuk menghitung tingkat kehijauan daun yang menggunakan citra dari drone multispektral sebagai citra yang diamati. Nilai indeks vegetasi ini diperoleh dengan menghitung pantulan dari kanal merah (R) dan Infra merah (NIR). Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pemberian Komfaba 50 ton/ha secara tebar menghasilkan nilai NDVI yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan perlakuan lainnya. Perlakuan pengurangan dosis pupuk foliar sebesar 50% 75% dan 100% pada petak KomFABA, tidak memberikan pengaruh yang nyata terhadap nilai NDVI, kandungan hara daun dan pertumbuhan vegetatif tanaman nanas pada 9 dan 12 BST., FABA (Fly Ash-Bottom Ash) is a coal combustion byproduct that can be utilized as a soil amendment to improve soil chemical properties and enhance plant growth. Research on the utilization of FABA has been conducted by PT Great Giant Pineapple (PT. GGP) through the application of FABA-enriched compost. The aim of this study is to examine the effect of FABA-enriched compost application on the greenness level of pineapple leaves using the NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) value as an indicator parameter. The treatments applied were Control, Compost, and FABA-enriched Compost at 5, 15, and 25 tons/ha applied by furrow, and 50 tons/ha applied by broadcast, with a compost to FABA ratio of 75:25. NDVI is one of the most popular plant indices for calculating leaf greenness, using images from a multispectral drone as the observed imagery. This vegetation index value is obtained by calculating the reflectance from the red (R) and near-infrared (NIR) channels. Observations showed that the application of 50 tons/ha of Komfaba by broadcast resulted in higher NDVI values compared to other treatments. The reduction treatments of foliar fertilizer doses by 50%, 75%, and 100% on Komfaba plots did not significantly affect the NDVI value, leaf nutrient content, and vegetative growth of pineapple plants at 9 and 12 WAT (Weeks After Treatment).
Keyword: FABA, hara daun, NDVI, pertumbuhan vegetatif

Judul: The Influence of Compost Enriched with FABA on Soil Chemical Properties and Pineapple Growth at 6 months after planting
Abstrak: PT. Great Giant Pineapple (GGP) merupakan perkebunan nanas terbesar ketiga di dunia yang berlokasi di Lampung Tengah dan telah melakukan budidaya nanas secara monokultur sejak 1980. Budidaya nanas secara monokultur mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas tanah, sehingga diperlukan penambahan pembenah tanah untuk memperbaiki kualitas tanah. Usaha perbaikan tanah yang telah dilakukan PT. GGP masih belum cukup karena bahan organik yang diberikan mengalami penurunan cepat akibat iklim tropis Indonesia, sehingga diperlukan tambahan pembenah tanah lain. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengamati pengaruh aplikasi kompos diperkaya fly ash dan bottom ash (FABA) sebagai alternatif pembenah tanah yang dapat memperbaiki kualitas tanah. FABA adalah limbah hasil pembakaran batubara pada pembangkit listrik tenaga uap (PLTU). FABA dapat membantu memperbaiki kualitas tanah karena mengandung unsur hara makro (K, Na, Ca, Mg) dan mikro (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). Penelitian dilakukan dengan perlakuan bahan pembenah tanah kompos, kompos+FABA dengan dosis 50 ton/ha diberikan secara tebar dan 25 ton/ha, 15 ton/ha, dan 5 ton/ha diberikan secara palir untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan terhadap sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan tanaman pada 6 bulan setelah tanam (BST). Parameter karakteristik kimia tanah yang diamati meliputi pH, kejenuhan Al, C-organik, N-total, P, basa-basa dapat ditukar, KTK, dan kejenuhan basa. Aplikasi kompos diperkaya FABA dengan dosis 15 ton/ha secara palir menunjukkan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata dan meningkatkan sifat kimia tanah yaitu C-organik, N-total, P-tersedia, K-dd, Ca-dd, Mg-dd, Na-dd, KTK, dan kejenuhan basa, serta menurunkan kejenuhan Al. Aplikasi kompos diperkaya FABA dengan dosis 50 ton/ha secara tebar menunjukkan hasil yang berpengaruh nyata dan meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman yaitu panjang daun-D, lebar daun-D, indeks daun-D, berat batang, dan jumlah daun., PT. Great Giant Pineapple (GGP) is the world's third-largest pineapple plantation located in Central Lampung, Indonesia, which has been practicing pineapple cultivation through monoculture since 1980. Monoculture pineapple cultivation has led to a decline in soil quality, necessitating the addition of soil amendments to improve its quality. Despite the efforts made by PT. GGP to enhance the soil, the organic materials provided have rapidly deteriorated due to Indonesia's tropical climate, thus requiring additional soil amendments. This research aims to observe the effects of applying compost enriched with fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) as an alternative soil amendment to improve soil quality. FABA is a by-product of coal combustion from steam power plants (PLTU). FABA can help improve soil quality because it contains macro nutrients (K, Na, Ca, Mg) and micro nutrients (Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn). The study involved treating the soil with compost, compost+FABA at a rate of 50 tons/ha applied broadcast and 25 tons/ha, 15 tons/ha, and 5 tons/ha applied in bands, to determine the impact of the treatments on the soil's chemical properties and plant growth at 6 months after planting (MAP). The observed soil chemical characteristics included pH, aluminum saturation, organic carbon, total nitrogen, phosphorus, exchangeable bases, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation. The application of FABA-enriched compost at a rate of 15 tons/ha using the palir method significantly improved soil chemical properties, including organic C, total N, available P, exchangeable K, Ca, Mg, and Na, cation exchange capacity (CEC), and base saturation, while reducing Al saturation. Additionally,
Keyword: Pemanfaatan Limbah FABA, Soil quality, Compost, Soil amendment

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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