Judul: Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Promoter Gen AGAMOUS (TcAG) dari Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Abstrak: Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities that is important to the national economy. Various efforts have been made to increase cocoa production. One such efforts in the field of genetic engineering discovery for the promoter of gene that has important role in flowering and fruiting. The aim of this research to isolate the promoter of reproductive gene AGAMOUS from Theobroma cacao L. (TcAG) using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced Polymerase Chain Reaction (TAIL PCR) method and obtain the characteristics of the promoter using a computer program online Softberry. Technique of TAIL PCR using the reverse genespecific primers TcAG position +202 (TcAG+202) (5'- GGCCACGGCTAGAGAAGACAA-3') and position +67 (TcAG+67) (5’- ATCTCGATCTTTCCCCTTCCC-3'). Forward primer AP140 provided the best results are fragment genomic size of 1200 bp. Analysis of Transcription Start Site Prediction (TSSP) of softberry program from the 5' of the fragment has proven that it has three promoter regions. The regions which are nucleotide in position 126 (TATA box at position 93), nucleotide at position 735 (TATA box at position 702) and nucleotide at position 807 (TATA box at position 774). TATA box at position 774 is predicted to be the functional binding sites of RNA polymerase because it is in the position closest to the transcription start site.
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Judul: Amplifikasi dan Karakterisasi In Silico Daerah Pengapit Ujung 5’ Gen APETALA1 Kakao (Theobroma cacao L.)
Abstrak: Cacao is one of important export comodities in Indonesia but its productivity is still in low category. The long juvenile phase is one of the cause of low productivity of cacao plantations. The effort to increase productivity drives on cacao studies of molecular flowering gene. In Arabidopsis, APETALA1 functions in earlier developmental stages in determination of the floral meristem identity and one of flowering identity genes that determines the formation of sepal and petal tissues. The purposes of the research are to amplify 5’-flanking regions APETALA1 gene from cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) and analyse its promoter characteristic. Amplification of 5’-flanking regions APETALA1 gene using Thermal Asymmetric Interlaced-PCR (TAIL-PCR) technique shows that spesific primer and arbitrary primer pairs can amplify the flanking region. Futhermore this fragment were transformed at competent cell E. Coli XL-1 Blue by using pGEMT Easy vector. The result of bioinformatic analysis using online promoter analysis software softberry shows undiscovered TATA box/enhancer on the amplified sequence and it contains 11 motifs of plant functional promoter element. Further analysis indicated that the amplified sequence belong to TATA-less promoter group with core motif microsatellite (CG)
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Judul: Karakteristik lompatan hidrolik terhadap pelimpah terjunan pada saluran segi empat
Abstrak: Aliran dengan kecepatan tinggi dalam kondisi superkritis yang melintasi bangunan pelimpah, sebelum bergerak lebih jauh ke arah hilir saluran dimana bilangan Froude (F) lebih besar dari satu harus diubah menjadi aliran subkritis dimana bilangan Froudenya lebih kecil dari satu. Aliran yang meninggalkan kaki pelimpah merupakan aliran yang memiliki kandungan energi yang amat berarti sehingga dapat menimbulkan pengikisan yang besar. Pengubahan bilangan Froude dari kondisi superkritis ke subkritis dimaksudkan agar terjadi perubahan kandungan energi, sehingga aliran menjadi non erosive. Agar daya erosive aliran dapat berkurang, maka biasanya pada bagian hilir dari bangunan pelimpah dibuatkan suatu bangunan peredam energi. Erosi yang terjadi di hilir bangunan pelimpah dapat disebabkan dari keberadaan bangunan pelimpah itu sendiri, maupun bangunan peredam energi yang kurang tepat. Hal ini terutama menyangkut beberapa kejadian lompatan hidrolik yang timbul pada bangunan peredam energi tersebut.. Suatu metode yang efektif untuk menjamin bahwa lompatan hidrolik selalu terjadi pada daerah yang dilindungi, adalah dengan menggunakan bangunan peredam energi yang terdiri dari beberapa tipe dengan..dst
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