Judul: Consumer Awareness, Intention to Buy and Willingness to Pay for Employment Social Security among Informal Sector Workers (Research on Ten Branch Offices of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan).
Abstrak: Not just for regular employees but also non-standard employees, participation in the Employment and Social Security Administration (BPJS) is required. It is stated in Article 14 of Law Concerning Social Insurance Institutions No. 24 from 2011, which states that everyone, even foreigners, who has worked in Indonesia for at least a few months, will participate in social insurance programs if such participation is required. Indonesian workers reached 139,810,313 million people in December 2020, with details of informal workers reaching 84,543,296 million people or about 60.47%, and 55,267,016 million people or around 39.53% of formal workers (Statistics, 2020). Every employee has a right to social security, according to Article 3 (2) of Labor Social Security Law No. 32 of 1992. Workplace dangers are the same for both formal and informal employees. The danger is undoubtedly more significant than for individuals who work in businesses, organizations, or government agencies since one of the areas where unorganized employees are exposed is the absence of proper safety equipment (News, 2017). As a result, social security offers equal protection to informal employees. However, this is not in line, as evidenced by the low participation rate of informal workers or 6.8% of informal sector workers, which was realized with a total of 5,759,477 BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participants in December 2020 (Ketenagakerjaan, 2020) with an achievement target of reaching 100%. The low ratio between the workforce and the number of people involved in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan is caused by the reluctance of all individuals to transfer the risks they pose to social security organizations. This is due to the low and precarious income that forces informal workers to work only to meet their daily needs, rarely wanting to become social security participants. In addition, informal workers are near the poverty line. According to Prawoto (2009), informal workers cannot allocate their monthly income to employment social security, which means they cannot contribute because employment social security is their last resort if they have more money. Based on the preceding context, this research seeks to investigate numerous challenges that BPJS Ketenagakerjaan frequently encounters in Indonesia while implementing employment social security. The objectives of this research were to analyze the awareness of informal workers about BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program participation, to analyze the intention of informal workers to buy social security for the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program, and to analyze the willingness of informal workers to pay contributions for the BPJS Ketenagakerjaan program. Quantitative research was the methodology employed to achieve the research goals. Primary and secondary data were the two types of data that are employed. Participants gathered first-hand information from the 10 (ten) BPJS Ketenagakerjaan branches that served as research sites. The BPJS Ketenagakerjaan data and supplementary data from each branch served as the research location and source of secondary data for this research. The findings demonstrated that changes in consumer awareness of informal workers influenced employment social security participation by 0.761% or 76.1%. Meanwhile, just 36% of unregistered workers in BPJS Ketenagakerjaan's 10 branches responded to a questionnaire on their knowledge of employment social security. According to the respondents' response rates for 10
Keyword: awareness of informal workers, intention to buy, and willingness to pay for the employment social security program

Judul: The Effect of Outreach on Financial Sustainability of BPJS Ketenagakerjaan
Abstrak: BPJS Ketenagakerjaan ditugaskan untuk melindungi tenaga kerja yang bekerja di Indonesia baik Warga Negara Indonesia (WNI) maupun Warga Negara Asing (WNA), termasuk juga Pekerja Migran Indonesia (PMI). Kepesertaan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia secara Undang-Undang bersifat wajib, namun masih banyak tenaga kerja yang belum menjadi peserta sehingga diperlukan jangkauan yang luas dan dalam oleh BPJS Ketenagakerjaan untuk memberikan jaminan sosial ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia. Peserta dan calon peserta BPJS Ketenagakerjaan 99,9% adalah tenaga kerja yang bekerja pada usaha berskala mikro, kecil, dan menengah. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan sebagai lembaga keuangan yang berfokus pada usaha berskala mikro, kecil, dan menengah dapat dilihat kinerjanya melalui dua pendekatan yaitu, kesejahteraan (welfarist) dan institusional. Pendekatan dari sisi kesejahteraan, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan dapat dikategorikan berhasil jika mampu menjangkau dan memberikan perlindungan sosial bagi seluruh tenaga kerja. Pendekatan dari sisi institusional, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan dapat dikategorikan berhasil jika mampu untuk berkelanjutan secara keuangan, memenuhi pembiayaan seluruh program yang ada, serta mendapatkan surplus dari pengembangan yang dilakukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh jangkauan terhadap keberlanjutan keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan dan menganalisis antara jangkauan dengan keberlanjutan keuangan terjadi trade-off atau kompatibel. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder berbentuk kerat lintang terdiri dari 122 Kantor Cabang Induk (KCI) BPJS Ketenagakerjaan di Indonesia pada tahun 2018. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Ordinary Least Square (OLS) dengan lima variabel, yaitu variabel jumlah iuran yang diterima sebagai variabel terikat, sedangkan variabel bebas diantaranya, jumlah kasus yang ditangani, jumlah nominal klaim yang dibayarkan, jumlah tenaga kerja yang aktif terdaftar, dan jumlah badan usaha yang baru terdaftar. Jangkauan yang mencakup jangkauan pelayanan, jangkauan kepesertaan, dan jangkauan calon peserta, memiliki pengaruh terhadap keberlanjutan keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Jangkauan pelayanan berpengaruh negatif terhadap keberlanjutan keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan maka terjadi trade-off antara jangkauan pelayanan dengan keberlanjutan keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Jangkauan kepesertaan berpengaruh positif terhadap keberlanjutan keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan maka terjadi kompatibel antara jangkauan kepesertaan dengan keberlanjutan keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Jangkauan calon peserta berpengaruh negatif terhadap keberlanjutan keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan maka terjadi trade-off antara jangkauan calon peserta dengan keberlanjutan keuangan BPJS Ketenagakerjaan. Hal ini mengindikasi ketika BPJS Ketenagakerjaan ingin mempertahankan keberlanjutan keuangannya maka akan mengurangi jangkauan pelayanan dan calon pesertanya., BPJS Ketenagakerjaan is assigned to protect workers who work in Indonesia, both Indonesian Citizens and Foreign Citizens, including Indonesian Migrant Workers. BPJS Ketenagakerjaan participation in Indonesia is mandatory by law, but there are still many workers who have not become participants so that a broad and deep outreach is needed by BPJS Ketenagakerjaan to provide social security for employment in Indonesia. Where 99.9% of participants and prospective participants are workers who work in micro, small and medium scale enterprises. The performance of financial institutions that focus on micro, small and medium scale enterprises can be seen through two approaches, namely, welfare and institutional. From a welfare perspective, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan can be categorized as successful if it is able to reach and provide social protection for all workers. From an institutional perspective, BPJS Ketenagakerjaan can be categorized as successful if it is able to be financially sustainable, fulfill the financing of all existing programs, and obtain a surplus from the management of funds carried out.
Keyword: BPJS Ketenagakerjaan, Jaminan Sosial, Jangkauan, Keberlanjutan Keuangan, Indonesia

Judul: Embriogenesis ikan buta (Astyanax fasciatus)
Abstrak: Ikan buta Astyanax fasciatus adalah spesies ikan unik dari famili Characidae yang menempati perairan dalam gua di Wilayah La Cueva Chica-San Luis Potasi-Mexico. Ikan ini memiliki mata yang tereduksi (Blind Cavefish) dan warna kulit merah muda, pucat serta mengkilap.
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