Judul: Analysis of Air Temperature Changes and Evapotranspiration Rate Estimation due to Urban Heat Island in Jakarta, Bogor, and Tangerang
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan penduduk di DKI Jakarta yang mengakibatkan peningkatan kawasan terbangun akan memberikan dampak negatif berupa peningkatan suhu permukaan dan berdampak pada laju evapotranspirasi di DKI Jakarta. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan analisis dampak urban heat island (UHI) terhadap perubahan suhu permukaan dan estimasi terhadap laju evapotranspirasi di DKI Jakarta sebagai daerah urban dibandingkan dengan Kabupaten Bogor, dan Kota Tangerang sebagai daerah sub-urban. Penelitian ini dilakukan dari bulan Mei-Juni 2021 menggunakan data sekunder dari BMKG yang diolah menggunakan model Blaney-Criddle, Linacre, Kharuffa, serta Hargreaves-Samani dan data citra Landsat untuk wilayah DKI Jakarta. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan, laju evapotranspirasi keempat model untuk ketiga berkisar antara 1.61 mm/hari hingga 9.43 mm/hari. Perubahan luas RTH menjadi kawasan terbangun di DKI Jakarta sebesar 7.4% dari tahun 2011-2020 mengakibatkan kenaikan suhu sebesar 0.3-0.5°C per tahun. Peningkatan suhu di DKI Jakarta dibandingkan Kabupaten Bogor, dan Kota Tangerang mengakibatkan peningkatan laju evapotranspirasi pada model Blaney-Criddle, Linacre, dan Kharuffa namun mengakibatkan penurunan laju evapotranspirasi pada model Hargreaves-Samani. Rata-rata intensitas UHI di DKI Jakarta dibandingkan dengan Kabupaten Bogor, dan Kota Tangerang yaitu berkisar antara 0.37 °C– 2.89°C., The population growth of DKI Jakarta has increased the built-up area caused a negative impact, which is an increase in surface temperature and the evapotranspiration rate. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the impact of urban heat island (UHI) on air temperature changes and estimate the evapotranspiration rate in DKI Jakarta as an urban area compared to Bogor Regency, and Tangerang City as a suburban area. This research was conducted from May to June 2021 using secondary data obtained from BMKG processed with Blaney-Criddle, Linacre, Kharrufa, Hargraves-Samani models and Landsat images for DKI Jakarta area. Based on the results, it was found that evapotranspiration rate estimation using four models is in the range of 1.61 mm/day to 9.43 mm/day. The change in the area of green open space into a built area in DKI Jakarta by 7.4% from 2011-2020 increased temperature by 0.3-0.5 °C/year. The increased air temperature between Jakarta-Tangerang and Jakarta-Bogor causes increased evapotranspiration in the Blaney-Criddle, Linacre, and Kharrufa models but decreased evapotranspiration in the Hargreaves and Samani model. The average intensity of UHI in DKI Jakarta compared to Bogor Regency and Tangerang City is in the range of 0.37°C – 2.89°C.
Keyword: land cover, reference evapotranspiration, urban heat island

Judul: Urban Heat Island and Land Cover Analysis in Greater Jakarta
Abstrak: Jabodetabek merupakan kawasan kota besar yang memiliki perkembangan pesat. Perkembangan ini telah banyak mengonversi lahan vegetasi menjadi lahan terbangun. Perubahan lahan tersebut menyebabkan peningkatan suhu permukaan tanah yang signifikan di daerah perkotaan, yang dikenal dengan fenomena Urban Heat Island (UHI). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi UHI dan hubungannya dengan tutupan lahan di Jabodetabek. Analisis yang dilakukan menggunakan citra satelit Landsat 5 dan Landsat 8 tahun 1993, 1999, 2006, 2013, 2018, dan 2023 untuk estimasi suhu permukaan dan klasifikasi tutupan lahan. Klasifikasi tutupan lahan menggunakan metode klasifikasi terbimbing. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu permukaan di wilayah perkotaan lebih tinggi daripada pedesaan hingga sebesar lebih dari 3, Greater Jakarta is a large city with rapid development. This development has converted a lot of vegetation land into built-up land. The changed land causes a significant increase in land surface temperature in urban areas, known as Urban Heat Island (UHI). This study aims to identify the UHI and its relationship with land cover in Greater Jakarta. The analysis used Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 satellite images in 1993, 1999, 2006, 2013, 2018 and 2023 for estimating land surface temperature and classifying land cover. Land cover classification using supervised classification. The results show that the surface temperature in urban areas is higher than rural areas by
Keyword: urban heat island, regression, land surface temperature, remote sensing, land cover

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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