Judul: Analisis Data Panel Anomali Penyerapan Tenaga Kerja Pertanian di Indonesia
Abstrak: Based on the survey results of the Badan Pusat Statistik, agricultural labor in Indonesia, reaching at 35.09% in 2012. However, during the years 2008 to 2012, the average employment in this period decreased by 1.49% while agricultural Gross Domestic Product increased at 0.05%. This case is not in line with the economic theory that explains that economic growth will boost employment and vice versa. This study was conducted to determine the province which is not in line and know the explanatory variables that affect the number of agricultural workers by using the data of 2008 to 2012 in 33 provinces. The results showed that 23 provinces in line and 10 other provinces are not in line. Ten provinces spread across the island of Sumatra, Java, Bali and Sulawesi. The explanatory variables that affect the amount of agricultural labor are the variable number of resident, the number of working-age population, the number of villages, and the amount of wages
Keyword: plot quadrant., panel data, labor, GDP, agriculture

Judul: The Transformation of Indonesia's Economic Structure and Its Effect on the Mobility of Labor Out of the Agriculture Sector
Abstrak: Indonesia mulai mengalami perubahan struktur perekonomian dengan menurunnya kontribusi PDB sektor pertanian. Namun, sektor pertanian masih menjadi sektor penyerap tenaga kerja terbesar. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis proses transfornasi struktural dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi mobilitas tenaga kerja keluar dari sektor pertanian. Metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis shift-share dan regresi data panel. Hasil analisis shift-share menunjukkan pertumbuhan PDRB sektor pertanian dan sektor industri sebagian besar provinsi Indonesia tergolong lambat sedangkan di sektor jasa hampir di seluruh provinsi tergolong maju. Dilihat dari sisi tenaga kerja terjadi perlambatan pada penyerapan tenaga kerja sektor pertanian. Namun, sektor industri dan jasa tergolong maju pertumbuhan tenaga kerjanya. Hasil estimasi data panel menunjukkan pangsa PDRB sektor non pertanian selisih upah, rata-rata lama sekolah, dan persentase rumah tangga yang mengakses internet berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pangsa tenaga kerja pertanian. Pangsa PMA di sektor non pertanian, luas lahan pertanian, dan dummy Covid-19 bengaruh yang positif dan signifikan terhadap Pangsa tenaga kerja pertanian. Pangsa PMDN di sektor non pertanian tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pangsa tenaga kerja pertanian., Indonesia began to experience changes in the structure of the economy with the decline in the contribution of GDP from the agricultural sector. However, the agricultural sector is still the largest labor absorber. This study aims to analyze the process of structural transformation and the factors that influence the mobility of labor out of the agricultural sector. The analytical method used is shift-share analysis and panel data regression. The results of the shift-share analysis show that the GRDP growth in the agricultural sector and the industrial sector in most of Indonesia's provinces is relatively slow, while in the service sector, almost all provinces are classified as progressive. From the labor side, there was a slowdown in the absorption of labor in the agricultural sector. However, labor growth in the industrial and service sectors are classified as progressive. The results of the panel data estimation show that the share of GRDP in the non-agricultural sector, the difference between wages, the average length of schooling, and the percentage of households accessing the internet has a negative and significant effect on the share of the agricultural labor. The share of FDI in the non-agricultural sector, the area of agricultural land, and the Covid-19 dummy have a positive and significant impact on the share of the agricultural labor. The share of DDI in the non-agricultural sector has no significant effect on the share of the agricultural labor.
Keyword: Agriculture, Labor, Panel Data, Shift-share, Structural Transformation

Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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