Judul: Identification of Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) in the 3’UTR Region of the Tyrosinase (TYR) Gene in Bali Cattle
Abstrak: Daerah 3’UTR dikenal sebagai pengatur penting terhadap ketepatan ekspresi pada banyak gen. Salah satu gen yang dapat menentukan warna bulu pada sapi bali adalah gen tyrosinase (TYR). SNP atau single nucleotide polymorphism merupakan variasi basa tunggal yang dapat menyebabkan keragaman pada sebuah populasi individu dari spesies yang sama. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengidentifikasi dan menentukan SNP di daerah 3, The 3'UTR region is an important regulator of expression of many genes. One of the genes that can determine coat color in bali cattle is the TYR gene. SNP is a single base variation that can cause diversity in a population of individuals of the same species. This study aimed to to identify and determine SNPs in the 3'UTR region of the TYR gene in normal hair-colored bali cattle and albino bali cattle. A total of 6 albino cattle and 7 normal bali cattle were analyzed using the PCR method, electrophoresis analysis and then direct sequencing. Sequence data were analyzed using the MEGA10 program. The results of the analysis of the TYR gene in the 3'UTR region found 6 SNPs, namely SNP c.1684G>A, c.1687T>G, c.1702G/-, c.1737T>C, c. 1785A>G, and c.1809C>T. Based on the results obtained, the SNP found in the 3'UTR area can differentiate between normal and albino hair color bali cattle. SNPs c.1684G>A, c.1687T>G, c.1702G/-, c.1737T>C, c. 1785A>G, and c.1809C>T can be used as candidates for characterizing albino and normal hair color in bali cattle
Keyword: direct sequencing, sapi bali, SNP, 3'UTR, gen TYR

Judul: Identification of 5'UTR ASIP Gene Diversity in Normal Hair, White Spotted, and Albino Bali Cattle
Abstrak: Sapi bali dewasa memiliki warna rambut merah bata untuk betina dan hitam pada jantan. Tujuan penelitian ini mengidentifikasi keragaman gen ASIP pada 5’UTR dan menganalisis keterkaitannya dengan warna rambut normal, white spotted, dan albino pada sapi bali. Sapi bali yang digunakan terdiri atas 20 ekor sapi bali warna rambut normal, 15 ekor white spotted, dan 13 ekor albino. Keragaman gen ASIP dianalisis dengan metode direct sequencing untuk mendapatkan variasi SNP. Primer yang digunakan yaitu forward 5'-AAA TCA ACA TCT CGG CTT GG-3' dan reverse 5'-AAA AGG AAA GTG CGG AGG AG-3' dengan panjang produk 420 bp. Sekuensing gen ASIP dianalisis di perusahaan 1st Base di Selangor, Malaysia. Data sekuensing dianalisis menggunakan program FinchTV, BioEdit, dan Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) versi 7.0. Kurang lebih 94 bp (dari 420 bp) gen ASIP berhasil dianalisis dengan baik pada semua sampel sapi bali, dan tidak ada variasi (monomorfik). Hasil sekuen basa nukleotida gen ASIP 5’UTR setelah sekuens 5’-TTT TTT TTT T-3’ tidak dapat ditentukan variasi sekuennya karena mengalami duplikasi (double fix). Hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa gen ASIP 5’UTR tidak dapat membedakan warna rambut normal, white spotted, dan albino., Bali cattle have brick red hair for the females and black hair for the males. The purpose of this study was to identify the ASIP gene diversity in 5'UTR and to analyze its association with hair color in bali cattle. The bali cattle used in this experiment are 20 with normal hair color, 15 white spotted, and 13 albino. ASIP gene was analyzed with direct sequencing to obtain SNP. The primers used were forward 5'-AAA TCA ACA TCT CGG CTT GG-3' and reverse 5'-AAA AGG AAA GTG CGG AGG AG-3' with a product length of 420 bp. ASIP gene sequencing was analyzed at the 1st Base company in Selangor, Malaysia. Sequencing data were analyzed using the FinchTV, BioEdit, and MEGA programs version 7.0. Approximately 94 bp (out of 420 bp) of the ASIP gene in samples was successfully analyzed, moreover, there was no variation (monomorphic). The results of the ASIP 5'UTR gene after the sequence 5'-TTT TTT TTT T-3' could not be determined because it experienced a double fix. This study concluded that the ASIP 5'UTR gene cannot distinguish normal hair color, white spotted, and albino.
Keyword: ASIP gene, bali cattle, coat color, direct sequencing, SNP

Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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