Judul: Analisis potensi pengembangan perkebunan karet rakyat di Kabupaten Mandailing Natal, Propinsi Sumatera Utara
Abstrak: Development of preminent commodity of rubber is one of Mandailing Natal Regency government‟s strategy to improve society prosperity. To support the mentioned things, this research was conducted with purposes: determining suitability location for the development of rubber plantation based on land evaluation, analysing financial and marketing feasibilities of rubber smallholding, analysing the directive of rubber smallholding potential development in Mandailing Natal Regency by using mapping and descriptive analysis. The research result shows that acreage of potential area for the development of rubber plantation in Mandailing Natal Regency is 460 849 ha (70.41%). Financially, the enterprise of rubber smallholding in every land suitability class is feasible. The market chain of rubber in Mandailing Natal Regency is not efficient enough. The location which is able to recommended for the development of rubber plantation in Mandailing Natal Regency based on potential location, financially and relevant government regulations is 201 875 ha (30.84%). The performance of rubber smallholding plantation in Mandailing Natal Regency is influenced by agricultural extension service officer, the availability of farmer group, rubber productivity and availability of agricultural infrastructure. Nowadays, rubber processing factory should be built in Mandailing Natal, considering that raw materials are widely available and added value will contribute for regional development.
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Judul: Pengembangan Lembaga Unit Pengolahan dan Pemasaran Bahan Olah Karet di Sumatera Selatan
Abstrak: Smallholder rubber has a significant impact on the growth of the national natural rubber industry. As one of the most important plantation product commodities besides oil palm, coconut, and cocoa, the harvest of rubber plantations, which have been processed as raw rubber materials for industrial needs, also provides a high foreign exchange income for this country. Of course, this proves that the activities carried out by rubber farmers in rubber-producing areas have also contributed to the growth of new economic centers in the countryside. However, during the activities of rubber farmers, who for generations have still tended to apply traditional farming management patterns in the processing and marketing of raw rubber materials, abbreviated as bokar, this often becomes a problem. The efforts of the government and interested parties have not been maximized in providing attention and assistance related to the growth and strengthening of rubber farmer institutions. The existence of rubber farming institutions is a condition that becomes a benchmark to support the direction and pace of development of the rubber industry. This institution certainly must be able to show the level of success or the process of achieving a goal that is measurable in terms of quality and quantity within a certain period. The policy of the Ministry of Agriculture has established a basis for managing smallholder rubber plantations by issuing Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 38 of 2008 concerning Processing and Marketing Units of Raw Rubber Materials (UPPB). It is known that, at this time, the Permentan has been revised, but the results have not yet been finalized. In 2010, the Ministry of Agriculture launched the Clean Bokar National Movement. At that time, there were more than 200 UPPB spread across various rubber centers in Indonesia, and now the number has reached 759 UPBB in 2021. The provisions for the formation of UPPB include several conditions, including having to cover a rubber plantation area of 100 hectares or having a minimum UPPB of 25 members. Based on plantation statistics, the control of smallholder rubber plantations reaches 85%, or 3 million hectares, of the total area of 3.6 million hectares of national rubber plantations and includes at least 4 million heads of families engaged in rubber farming. South Sumatra, as the largest center of smallholder rubber plantations, dominates the activities of growing and strengthening UPPB, where there are 413 UPPBs until 2023. The collective efforts of rubber farmers to gain more profit and added value through organized marketing by improving the quality of bokar must be pursued by becoming members of the UPPB. However, awareness of this is still constrained by government limitations and the lack of collaboration between existing rubber industry parties. Rubber peasant do not fully understand the importance of rubber farming institutions, plus the role of the rubber peasant community and the UPPB itself in carrying out its functions, they are still focused on marketing bokar alone, although currently there are also UPPBs that have succeeded in having other business units, not only marketing bokar. There are several things that are the focus of this research, namely describing
Keyword: komunitas petani karet, pelembagaan, perkebunan karet rakyat, UPPB

Judul: Ekspresi Gen Imun dan Titer Antibodi Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Pascavaksinasi dengan Vaksin DNA Anti-KHV yang Berbeda.
Abstrak: Koi herpes virus (KHV) merupakan kelompok virus DNA utas ganda dari family Herpesviridae yang menginfeksi ikan mas dan koi dan menyebabkan penyakit koi herpes virus disease (KHVD). Vaksinasi merupakan langkah efisien dalam pencegahan penyakit KHV dan penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi kinerja vaksin DNA anti-KHV pada ikan koi. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah ikan koi dengan bobot rata-rata 28,55 ± 0,98 g yang diperoleh dari Balai Besar Perikanan Budidaya Air Tawar Sukabumi, Jawa Barat. Perlakuan pemberian vaksin DNA serta dosis yang digunakan adalah vaksin GP-11 7,5 μg/100 gr ikan (A), GP-11 12,5 μg/100 gr ikan (B), GP-25 12,5 μg/100 gr ikan (C). Perlakuan kontrol yang digunakan adalah injeksi PBS 0,1 mL. Parameter uji meliputi jumlah sel darah putih, ekspresi gen, serta titer antibodi. Jumlah sel darah putih pada perlakuan vaksinasi memiliki jumlah yang lebih tinggi bila dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Ekspresi gen IFNγ, TNFα, dan IgM mengalami fluktuasi selama pemeliharaan pascavaksinasi. Titik puncak dari tiap gen berbeda-beda dipengaruhi oleh jenis vaksin, dosis, dan fungsi dari protein tersebut. Titer antibodi pascavaksinasi mengalami kenaikan hingga akhir pemeliharaan. Titer antibodi ketiga perlakuan terus meningkat hingga mencapai titik puncak pada hari ke-28 pascavaksinasi. Ketiga perlakuan yang terdiri dari dua jenis vaksin dengan dosis yang berbeda mampu meningkatkan sistem imun spesifik ikan koi.
Keyword: Ekspresi gen, ikan koi, koi herpes virus, titer antibodi, vaksin DNA