Judul: Model of marine national park development: optimization of capture fisheries management in Karimunjawa National Park
Abstrak: Karimunjawa National Park (KNP) inhabited mostly by fishery household, surrounds by 111.625 ha of waters. Fishing zone is dedicated for traditional fisheries. Therefore the capture fisheries in KNP should be adjusted to accommodate conservancy and utilization objectives. The objectives of the research are: (1) to design management model of capture fishery in KNP; and (2) to design fishing zone model within traditional fishery zone. To address problems related to the park’s management, a system approach was used in this research. Method for evaluating park’s management effectiveness was multi-criteria analysis (MCA) with bio-physic, social economic, and management aspects, and also economic valuation. Managerial model of capture fisheries was performed by implementing some analyzes: comparative performance index (CPI), bioeconomic, linear goal programming (LGP), MCA, feasibility study, and institutional analysis. Model of fishing zone is performed by using geographical information system (GIS). Strategic policy was conducted by using strength weaknesses opportunity and threats (SWOT) and interpretative structural modeling (ISM). Evaluation of park’s management show the value 0,44 on scale 0 to 1 or effectiveness level at 44%. Governance aspect provides the largest contribution in the assessment, followed by economic and biophysical aspects. The economic valuation result Rp. 53.051 million. Fishing activities accounted for the largest value Rp. 30.513 million (58%). The managerial model of capture fisheries named PITASI is composed by the leading fish from reef fish is jack trevallies and anchovy for pelagic fish. Reef fish potency is 149 ton/year and pelagic fish 19.080 ton/year. The optimal number of fishing gear for reef fisheries are hand line 336 units and trap 21 units; for pelagic fish are troll line 336 units, boat lift net 115 units, and gillnet 168 units. Hand line and fish trap for reef fisheries, and troll line, boat lift net, and gillnet for pelagic fisheries, are competent to develop continuously in KNP. The fishing zone is divided to be three areas: (1) 0-3 nautical mil (nm) from coastal line is for reef fisheries (hand line and fish trap); (2) 3-4 nm is for pelagic fisheries (gillnet and boat lift net); and (3) more than 4 nm is for pelagic fisheries with dynamic fishing gear (troll line). Fisheries management strategic includes developing potency of fish resources, increasing institutional capacity, and also monitoring and law enforcement. Strategy of implementation model includes five elements are affected society sector, the main constraints, the measuring standard, required activities, and involved institutional.
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Judul: Model of management of capture fisheries area in Banten Bay
Abstrak: Banten Bay is area which quite rapid development for many activities. Industrial waste disposal, domestic, over fishing, coral exploitation, reclamation, vessel traffic, and environmental damage, cause interest multi sector conflict in managing sea area. General objective of the research is to create model of management of sustainable capture fisheries area in Banten Bay. The specific objectives are to (1) determine utilization status and development prospect of capture fisheries; (2) determine leading commodity; (3) determine environmentally friendly fishing gears, (4) establish utilization zone; (5) arrange policy strategy in managing capture fisheries; and (6) simulate of model of management of capture fisheries. Evaluating utilization status and development prospect of capture fisheries was conducted using surplus production method with bionomic model. Determination of leading commodity was conducted with LQ value, IS, and descriptive method. Environmental and sustainable fishing gear was analyzed using CCRF criteria with scoring method approach. Zoning of capture fisheries area utilization was conducted by GIS. Management strategy of capture fisheries area was conducted with SWOT and AHP. Simulate of model of management of capture fisheries was conducted with LGP and model simulation of sustainable fish resources and salary fisherman. The result showed that utilization status and development prospect of capture fisheries in Banten Bay can still be developed for 9 species from 23 species. Squid, anchovy, and crab were commodities with high comparative advantages. Hand line, boat lift net, and gillnet were environmentally fishing gears. Zoning of Banten Bay utilization are consist of aquaculture, recreation, conservation, capture fisheries, fishing port, and industrial zone. Zone of capture fisheries was composed base on fishing ground eligibility indicator, suitability of fishing gear with fishing ground, minimum of conflict potency, availability of infrastructure, and environmental carrying capacity. Capture fisheries zone is divided into three zones, that are (i) passive zone, (ii) passive and outboard fishing boat zone, (iii) active and inboard fishing boat zone. Based on LGP analysis, maximum catch was 1.747,259 ton/year, alocation for fishing gear of gillnet, danish seine net, set lift net, boat lift net, boat seine, hand line, guiding barrier trap, and monofilament gillnet were 3, 11, 11, 6, 2, 5, 0 and 0 unit, respectively. The proposed strategy in managing Banten Bay area were (1) utilization strategic location of Banten Bay with optimalization leading commodity for providing fish demand; (2) taking advantage of high availability of human resources and fisherman concern to manage capture fisheries area; (3) utilization local government support and regional autonomy to make policy in structuring and expansion of fishing area and involving coastal communities in the management. Model of management of capture fisheries area in Banten Bay can be increase of salary fisherman as much as 25% from first scenario and take care of sustainable fish resources the periode of time 18 years.
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Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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