Judul: Studi Kasus : Pendeteksian Kegagalan Bank Di Indonesia
Abstrak: Multivariate CUSUM Time Series merupakan kombinasi dati metode MulJivariate Time Series dan metode CUSUM. Metode ini memerlukan matrilc kebalikan dalam saJah satu tahapannya. Suatu matrik akan mempWlyai matrik kebalikan jika matrik tersebut merupakan matrilc non singular. Akan tetapi terkadang matrik yang diperoleh merupakan matrik singular. Salah satu metode yang dapat digunakan sebagai altematifuntuk mendapatkan matrik kebalikan yaitu penguraian Cholesky.
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Judul: Penerapan analisis korespondensi dan analisis biplot untuk kasus citra Bank
Abstrak: Hasil penelitian dapat disajikan dalam berbagai bentuk dan cara dan salah satunya adalah secara grafis dalam bentuk peta 2-dimensi. Penyajian data dalam bentuk peta 2- dimensi mempunyai beberapa kelebihan dibandingkan dalam bentuk grafis lainnya. Kelebihan-kelebihan tersebut antara lain adalah data tersaji dalam bentuk yang lebih menarik, lebih ringkas dan mudah untuk diinterpretasikan. Ada beberapa teknik statistika yang dapat digunakan untuk tujuan di atas, yaitu analisis biplot dan analisis korespondensi. Secara umum hasil visualisasi analisis korespondensi terlihat menyebar merata dan dapat dengan mudah diinterpretasikan, dimana keamanan dan kepercayaan masih dipegang oleh bank- bank pemerintah sedang masalah pelayanan, fasilitas dan bunga masih didominasi oleh bank-bank swasta. Hasil visualisasi analisis biplot terlihat adanya dua gerombol besar yang terpisah antara peubah dengan bank sehingga sulit untuk diinterpretasikan. Transformasi yang dilakukan dengan membagi data dengan jumlah total dan juga dengan cara membagi data dengan jumlah tiap kolom ternyata memberikan hasil yang sama dengan hasil olahan data yang tidak ditransformasi, sehingga dengan demikian transformasi seperti itu tidak ada manfaatnya untuk melakukan pendekatan analisis dengan metode biplot.
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Judul: Extracellular Expression of thermostable Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ Lipase for Biodiesel Production
Abstrak: The extracellular expression of enzymes in an excellent secretion host such as Bacillus subtilis is a useful strategy for making enzymes of industrial significance more affordable by lowering the cost of its downstream processing. Lipases are a category of hydrolases that catalyze the hydrolysis of triglycerides to glycerol and free fatty acids. Also, lipases catalyze the hydrolysis and transesterification of other esters as well as the synthesis of esters. They can perform very specific biotransformation reactions and are widely used in food, organic synthesis, detergents, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. Geobacillus stearothermophilus T1.2RQ lipase is an industrially-desired thermostable lipolytic enzyme with an excellent hydrolytic and transesterification activity. This study aimed to express T1.2RQ lipase, in B. subtilis WB800 and ensure its secretion into the extracellular medium. Three signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, LipA) and two promoters (Pgrac01 and Pgrac100) were used in the secretory-expression of T1.2RQ lipase, based on five constructed expression vectors constructed by restriction cloning and PCR mutagenesis. Sangers sequencing was used to verify constructs to ensure they are in the correct reading frame. Recombinants vectors, pHT43 (plasmid control), pHT43-T1.2RQ, pHT43- T1.2RQ_AmyQ, pHT43-T1.2RQ_Epr, and pHT43-T1.2RQ_LipA, were transformed by electroporation into Bacillus subtilis WB800. The electroporation was successful with the optimum condition of 2500V, 200 ohms, 25µF, and 5milliseconds. Recombinant B. subtilis pHT43 (negative control) and pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides were streaked on the lipidic agar, LA+TBN. All four recombinants, including the negative control (B. subtilis WB800-pHT43), produced clear zones on the TBN agar plate after overnight incubation (fig 2), indicating the presence of a lipolytic enzyme in all of the recombinant B. subtilis cells. pHT43-T1.2RQlip + signal peptides (AmyQ, Epr, and LipA) have clear zones with significantly higher diameters than B. subtilis WB800-pHT43 (negative control). This phenomenon suggests that the recombinant thermostable lipase T1.2RQ introduced into these cells was successfully expressed, thereby increasing the lipolytic capability of its host cells T1.2RQ lipase was expressed in 50ml terrific broth medium (TB) and the expression induced with 1mM IPTG. Lipase activity assay using p-nitrophenyl esters showed that all three signal peptides directed the secretion of T1.2RQ lipase into the extracellular medium. Signal peptide, LipA, resulted in the highest extracellular activity of 5.6 U/mL, which corresponds to a 6-fold increase over the parent B. subtilis WB800 strain. Meanwhile, signal peptides, AmyQ and Epr produced 4.2 U/mL and 3.4 U/mL activity respectively. SDS-Zymogram analysis confirmed that T1.2RQ lipase was correctly processed and secreted in its original size of 44 kDa. An attempt to further increase lipase expression level by promoter optimization showed that, contrary to expectation, promoter Pgrac100 exhibited similar expression levels as the original Pgrac01. Nevertheless, the demonstration of the successful secretion of T1.2RQ lipase in this work confirms the latter as a promising approach for the industrial production of the enzyme
Keyword: Bacillus subtilis, Expression, Extracellular, Heterologous, Lipase, Thermostable