Judul: Upaya perbaikan budidaya kedelai berdasarkan pertimbangan teknis dan kajian energi pertanian
Abstrak: Percobaan ini dilakukan di Kebun percobaan IPB Tajur, Bogor pada bulan Maret sampai dengan Mei 1989. Rancangan percobaan adalah Rancangan Petak Terpisah, dengan 16 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Petak utama adalah 4 jenis pengolahan tanah (T) dan 4 taraf kerapatan kedelai (D) sebagai anak petak. Faktor pengolahan tanah (T) terdiri dari To (pengolahan tanah konvensional), T (tanpa pengolahan tanah + herbisida), T, (pengolahan tanah + mulsa jerami) dan T3 (pengolahan tanah dengan penambahan pembenah tanah ALS). Faktor kerapatan kedelai (D) terdiri dari D₁ (jarak tanam 40 x 15 cm), D₂ (30 x 15 cm), D3 (20 x 15 cm) dan D (10 x 15 cm). ..dst
Keyword: kebutuhan air, pengolahan tanah, penggunaan mulsa, hasil kedelai

Judul: Studi efisiensi energi pada beberapa cara pengolahan tanah dan kerapatan tanaman kedelai
Abstrak: Penelitian dilakukan di Stasiun Klimatologi Sampali, Medan sumatera Utara pada bulan Januari sampai September 1991. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat pengaruh beberapa cara pesiapan tanah dan kerapatan tanam kedelai serta interaksinya terhadap pertumbuhan, hasil dan efesiensi energinya. Rancangan yang digunakan adalah rancangan petak terpisah dengan 16 kombinasi perlakuan dan 3 ulangan. Petak utama adalah Pengolahan Tanam 4 jenis yaitu Tanpa Olah Tanah, Pengolahan Dua Kali, Pengolahan Tanah Satu Kali Ditambah Herbisida, Pengolahan satu Kali Ditamoah Mulsa Jerami. Faktor kedua yaitu Kerapatan Tanam yang terdiri dari 4 taraf yaitu D1 = 200.000 tanaman/ha, D2 = 400.000 tanaman/ha, D3 = 600.000 tanaman/ha, D4 = 800.000 tanaman/ha. Parameter yang diamati meliputi komponen tanaman yaitu: Tinggi Tanaman, Banyak Daun, Bobet Kering Akar, Bobet Kering Batang, Bobet Kering Daun, Laju Tumbuh Relatif, Indeks Luas Daun, Banyak Cabang, Banyak Polong, Banyak Polong Hampa, Bobet 100 butir dan Hasil Terhadap Gulma yaitu Bobet kering Gulma dan Jenis-jenis Gulma. Efisiensi Energi dihitung dengan membandingkan output energi dan input energi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa cara pengolahan tanah berpengaruh nyata terhadap tinggi tanaman, jumlah daun, indeks luas daun, tetapi tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap berat kering tanaman, jumlah polong total, jumlah polong hampa, bobot 100 butir dan hasil tanaman/ha.
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Judul: Seroprevalence of Chikungunya and The Risk of Transmission Transmitted Among Blood Donors In Sulawesi-Indonesia
Abstrak: Chikungunya (CHIK) is an arthritogenic alphavirus in the Togaviridae family of arboviruses with an enveloped RNA containing a positive single-stranded 11.8 kb genome. Transmission occurs through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which are commonly found in tropical and temperate regions. Primary vertebrate hosts include monkeys and humans, in whom this virus replicates efficiently (Diallo et al. 1999). Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is known for causing acute illness, manifesting with fever, rash, and arthralgia known as Chikungunya fever (Horwood dan Buchy 2015). Despite the high number of Chikungunya cases in Indonesia, comprehensive data are lacking in CHIKV seroprevalence. Previous studies reported the median seroprevalence of anti-CHIKV antibodies in all situations 18.5%, ranging from 0.0 – 73.% (Harapan et al., 2019). However, the gap in epidemiological data of CHIKV in many regions of Indonesia including Sulawesi, is noteworthy. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of CHIKV infection among healthy individuals from North and South Sulawesi using archive samples. Additionally, an asymptomatic course of CHIKV infection and the high pre-symptomatic viral load as 108pfu/mL (Appassakij et al. 2013) suggest that the infection can threaten blood transfusion safety. Evidence of CHIKV infection among blood donors (Simmons et al. 2016) indicates transfusion-transmitted is probable, although it has not been documented (Petersen dan Epstein 2014). Our study also aimed to test the archive blood donor specimens from North Sulawesi for CHIKV IgM and viremia to determine blood safety in endemic areas. Samples were screened for anti-CHIKV IgG antibodies to determine exposure to CHIKV using an in-house IgG ELISA as previously described (Kosasih et al. 2013) with minor modifications. CHIKV IgM, a marker for recent infection and endemicity, was tested in 303 samples randomly selected from IgG-positive samples using a Euroimmun anti-CHIKV IgM ELISA kit (Luebeck, Germany) following the manufacturer’s instructions. CHIKV RNA detection was carried out using one-step-qRT-PCR. The data generated were analyzed with IBM-SPSS v20 (IBM Corporation, USA). Chi-square (χ2) test to determine significant differences between categorical variables, and a p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. As many as 1092 serum and plasma samples were analyzed, with CHIK IgG seropositivity at 53.48% (584/1092). The results also show a statistically significant difference in the seropositive rates based on gender (58.8% male and 48.5% female) and region (53.9% South Sulawesi versus 48.7% North Sulawesi). Seropositivity increased with age; approximately half of adults between their 40s and 60s had seroconverted. Most of the participants, 304 (27.8%), were between 21-30 years. The age groups with the least participants were those >60 years and <20 years, with 93 participants each (8.5%), followed by the 51–60-years age group with 142 (13.0%) participants. In addition to IgG, the overall anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity comprised 12.9% (39/303). A Chi-square analysis shows a statistical significance of anti-CHIKV IgM seropositivity based on gender and region with p-values (p=0.047 and p=0.038, respectively). On the contrary, there was no significant difference in anti-CHIK IgM based on age. The age group with the most participants was the 21-30 years with 19.3% (16/83), while those with the least participants were those >60 years. The current study
Keyword: Chikungunya, Serosurvey, Sulawesi, Blood donors, ELISA, qRT-PCR.