Judul: Treatment of Aeromonas hydrophila Bacterial Infection in Catfish with Banana Midrib and Shallot Skin Simplicia through Feed
Abstrak: Ikan lele merupakan salah satu komoditas ikan air tawar yang banyak dibudidayakan karena memiliki nilai jual yang tinggi dan permintaan yang terus meningkat. Untuk memenuhi permintaan tersebut, banyak pembudidaya yang telah melakukan upaya dengan menerapkan teknologi intensif. Penerapan teknologi budidaya secara intensif sering menimbulkan penyakit infeksi bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila pada ikan lele. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi penambahan simplisia pelepah pisang dan kulit bawang merah untuk pengobatan ikan lele yang terserang Aeromonas hydrophila. Perlakuan yang dilakukan yaitu kontrol positif (K+), kontrol negatif (K-), pelepah pisang (PLP) dan kulit bawang merah (KBM). Metode yang dilakukan dalam pembuatan pakan fitofarmaka dengan metode coating dan pakan diberikan secara ad satiation 3 kali sehari. Ikan lele diaklimatisasi terlebih dahulu selama 7 hari dan diuji tantang dengan kepadatan bakteri 105 CFU mL-1 yang diinjeksi secara intramuskular. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan simplisia pelepah pisang dan kulit bawang merah pada pakan masing-masing dengan dosis 3%, mampu mengobati penyakit akibat infeksi bakteri A. hydrophila pada ikan lele dengan menghasilkan nilai kelangsungan hidup lebih tinggi dari kontrol positif. Penggunaan simplisia pelepah pisang lebih baik dibandingkan dengan simplisia kulit bawang merah., Catfish is one of the freshwater fish commodities that is widely cultivated because it has a high selling value and demand continues to increase. To meet this demand, many cultivators have made efforts to apply intensive technology. The application of intensive cultivation technology often causes Aeromonas hydrophila bacterial infection in catfish. This study aims to evaluate the addition of simplicia banana midrib and shallot skin for the treatment of catfish attacked by Aeromonas hydrophila. The treatments carried out were positive control (K+), negative control (K-), banana midrib (PLP) and shallot skin (KBM). The method used in making phytopharmaceutical feed is the coating method and the feed is given ad satiation 3 times a day. Catfish were first acclimatized for 7 days and challenged with a bacterial density of 105 CFU mL-1 injected intramuscularly. The results of this study indicate that the addition of banana midrib simplicia and shallot peel to feed at a dose of 3% each, is able to treat disease caused by A. hydrophila bacterial infection in catfish by producing a higher survival value than the positive control. The use of banana midrib simplicia is better than shallot skin simplicia.
Keyword: catfish, Aeromonas hydrophila, banana midrib, shallot skin

Judul: Effectiveness of Ambon Banana Stems Extract for Motile Aeromonad Septicaemia Disease Prevention on Catfish Juvenile Clarias gariepinus
Abstrak: Bakteri Aeromonas hydrophila merupakan salah satu bakteri patogen penyebab penyakit yang umumnya menjadi ancaman penyebab kematian pada produksi ikan air tawar, seperti pada produksi ikan lele. Salah satu bahan fitofarmaka yang dapat digunakan untuk mencegah penyebab penyakit pada ikan adalah batang pisang ambon (Musa paradisiaca). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efektivitas ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon terhadap infeksi A.hydrophila pada benih ikan lele. Penelitian ini terdiri atas lima perlakuan dan tiga ulangan yang meliputi perlakuan kontrol - (tanpa perendaman ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon dan tanpa diuji tantang A.hydrophila), kontrol + (tanpa perendaman ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon dan diuji tantang A.hydrophila), konsentrasi perendaman ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon 0,5%, 1%, dan 1,5%. Benih ikan lele dengan panjang rata-rata 2,41±0,22 cm dan bobot rata-rata 0,11±0,03 g direndam pada ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon selama 30 menit dan dilakukan selama 7 hari. Uji tantang dilakukan pada hari ke-8 dengan melakukan perendaman benih ikan lele pada bakteri A.hydrophila (106 CFU/mL) selama 60 menit. Perendaman benih ikan lele pada ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon dengan konsentrasi 0,5% memberikan tingkat kelangsungan hidup terbaik pasca uji tantang dengan bakteri A.hydrophila sebesar 78,53±5,69%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kelangsungan hidup benih ikan lele pasca uji tantang pada perlakuan ekstrak seduh batang pisang ambon 0,5% (78,53±5,69%) berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap perlakuan kontrol positif (41,18±6,18%)., Aeromonas hydrophila is one of the pathogenic bacteria that cause disease which generally be a threat to cause death in freshwater fish production, such as catfish production. An alternative phyto-pharmacy ingredients that can be used to prevent disease of fish is ambon banana stems (Musa paradisiaca). This study aimed to test the effectiveness of ambon banana stems extract against A.hydrophila infection on catfish juvenile. This study consisted of five treatments and three repetitions that were control - (without immersed in ambon banana stems extract and without challenge test by A.hydrophila), control + (without immersed in ambon banana stems extract and with challenge test of A.hydrophila), concentrations of ambon banana stems extract were 0,5%, 1%, and 1,5%. Catfish juvenile with average length of 2,41±0,22 cm and average weight of 0,11±0,03 g were immersed in the extract of ambon banana stems for 30 minutes and carried out for 7 days. The challenge test was implemented on the 8th day by immersed the catfish juvenile in A.hydrophila bacteria (106 CFU/mL) for 60 minutes. The immersion of catfish juvenile in ambon banana stems extract by 0,5% concentrations provide the best survival rate post the challenge test with A.hydrophila bacteria as much as 78,53±5,69%. Research result shows that the catfish juvenile’s survival rate post challenge test of 0,5% (78,53±5,69%) ambon banana stems extract treatment is significantly different (P<0,05) to positive control (41,18±6,18%) treatment.
Keyword: Aeromonas hydrophila, ambon banana stems, catfish, survival rate

Judul: Metrik Einstein (Anti-) Self-Dual Berdimensi Empat dengan Metode Cartan
Abstrak: Gravitational field equation can be formulated in differential forms (differential geometry), which describes gravity as a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. Curvature of space-time is characterized by a metric that satisfies the gravitational field equation. With differential forms it can be formulated the (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation, which is a modification of the Cartan structure in (anti-) self-dual basis. Calculation of (anti-) self-dual metric with (anti-) self-dual Einstein equation is simpler than the calculation using Christoffel symbols.
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