Judul: Analisis efektivitas bantuan dana penguatan modal lembaga usaha ekonomi pedesaan (DPM-LUEP ) (Studi kasus DPMLUEP Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: Dana penguatan modal lembaga usaha ekonomi pedesaan (DPM-LUEP) adalah sejumlah dana APBN yang dialokasikan melalui dana dekonsentrasi ke daerah sentra produksi padi. Dana ini merupakan dana bantuan untuk membeli gabah/beras petani pada saat panen raya sesuai harga pembelian pemerintah (HPP). DPM dipinjamkan kepada Lembaga Usaha Ekonomi Pedesaan (LUEP) dan harus dikembalikan ke kas negara sesuai ketentuan yang berlaku.
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Judul: Analisis efektivitas bantuan dana penguatan modal lembaga usaha ekonomi pedesaan (DPM-LUEP ) (Studi kasus DPMLUEP Kabupaten Bogor)
Abstrak: Strengthening Assistance Capital Funds of Rural Economic Trade Organization (DPM-LUEP) is some amount of fund from national budget (APBN), which is allocated through de-concentrated funds for the paddy production centers as advanced funding to buy unpolished paddy/rice during the grant harvest with the buying price as determined by the government (HPP). DPM-LUEP is lent to the rural economic trade organization (LUEP) and it must be paid back to the government treasury as stipulated by the existing regulation. The objectives of this study were 1) to identify characteristic of DPM-LUEP recipient groups, 2) to identify factors effecting income/profit increase in DPM-LUEP recipients, 3) to evaluate the effectiveness of determining requirement processes, the mechanism of grouping, the distribution and the return of the funds.The method of analysis were 1) descriptive analysis, 2) profitability analysis, and 3) Focus Group Discussion (FGD) The DPM-LUEP recipient groups in Bogor regency are commonly those of small scale industries. This can be seen from their group organization with the number of workers between 5 to 19 persons, weak capital access, as well as weak administration and managerial groups. Similarly, their products were still marketed only in limited areas. The result of the profitability analysis showed that the factors capable of increasing income/profit for DPM-LUEP recipients were a) the effectiveness in purchasing the raw materials/unpolished rice (the cycles), b) the increased purchase of raw materials which eventually increased the outcome of the processed products, c) the decrease of the total cost to the sale income, especially the efficiency of the total variable cost, and d) the product stock taking while waiting for the increase of product sale price (rice) in the market. Based on the FGD, the dominant problems were found not only in the process of determining the requirements but also in the mechanism of LUEP grouping as well as the paying back of DPM-LUEP. The efforts necessary to overcome the problems to increase the effectiveness of decision and of DPM-LUEP distribution include organization strengthening and group management, service quality improvement, increasing the capability and the number of staff, and support of facilities and services. In addition, it is necessary to cut down the bureaucracy stages in the process of decision making and the distribution process of DPM-LUEP, provide fund reserve through provincial budget (APBD I) and district budget (APBD II), as well as to propose to the central authority to conduct more comprehensive research on requirement, decition making, distribution and the paying back of DPM-LUEP.
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Judul: Mitochondrial DNA Gene Organization and Phylogenetic Relationship of Naja siamensis
Abstrak: Naja siamensis is one of Asiatic cobra in the Family of Elapidae, known as a cryptic snake. It has many morphological variations that lead to misidentification. Misidentification can cause the wrong concept in developing antivenom types due to high snakebite cases occur in Thailand. Thus, an accurate species identification using a molecular approach is crucially required. Mitochondrial DNA has been used widely in snake molecular studies. These studies were aimed to determine the arrangement of the N. siamensis partial mitochondrial genes using reptile-oriented primers and to reveal the phylogenetic relationship among other species of Asian cobra. DNA extraction was carried out based on the standard DNA salting-out protocol and was conducted by bioinformatics analysis using BLASTn and MEGA 6 software. Gene annotation was performed against N. kaouthia complete genome. A total of 3121 bp of N. siamensis mtDNA genes were sequenced consisting of partial of six regions: 16S rRNA, ND1, tRNA-Ile, CRII region, tRNA-Leu, tRNA-Gln, and COI genes. The mtDNA gene organization of N. siamensis was predicted to has a similar pattern with the common Elapidae mtDNA gene organization. This study showed that there is a monophyletic form in Naja genus and N. kaouthia is the closest species with N. siamensis based on partial 16S rRNA and ND1 gene.
Keyword: 16S rRNA, Elapidae, ND1, phylogenetic relationship