Judul: Gambaran Histopatologi Hati dan Ginjal Tikus Laktasi yang Diberi Ekstrak dan Fraksi Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr Sejak Bunting Sampai 10 Hari Postpartus
Abstrak: This study was aimed to obtain the information about the possibility of side effects (toxic) from consuming of katuk (Sauropus androgynus) leaf extract and fractions using rats as experimental animals. Fifteen pregnant female rats were divided into 5 treatment groups; control (K), ethanol crude exstract (EEtOH), hexan fraction (F-H), ethylacetate fraction (F-EtAc), and water fraction (- FH2O). The katuk leaf extract and fraction were fed from the beginning of pregnancy until 10 days postpartus. Histopathological assay was conducted to investigate the effect of treatment to the liver and kidneys at 10 days postpartus. Histopathology of liver showed that the katuk leaves extract group F-H2O, F-EtAc, and E-EtOH are able to protect the hepatocyts of the liver from apoptosis, but the katuk leaves extract or their metabolites tended to increase the number of apoptosis on renal tubular epithelium of the kidneys. For both organs, the result indicated that the group of katuk leaves water fraction (F-H2O) treatment cause the minimal damage among the others.
Keyword: 

Judul: Histopatologi hati, ginjal dan paru mencit bunting akibat pemberian ekstrak daun katuk
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh daun katuk terhadap perubahan histopatologi organ hati, ginjal dan paru-paru mencit (Mus musculus). Penelitian ini menggunakan 36 ekor mencit, dibagi ke dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan yaitu kontrol (K), ekstrak daun katuk kering (KK) dan ekstrak daun katuk hijau (KH) yang masing-masing kelompok terdiri dari 12 ekor mencit. Kelompok KK dan KH diberi dalam bentuk ekstraknya dengan dosis 1,68 g/kgBB melalui minum (0,6%). Pengambilan sampel organ hati, ginjal dan paru-paru dilakuakn pada hari ke-0, 2, 5 dan 7 post partus untuk pengujian histopatologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daun katuk tidak menyebabkan perubahan histopatologi pada paru-paru karena perubahan yang terjadi pada kelompok kontrol. Perubahan terjadi pada organ hati dan ginjal ditandai dengan munculnya degenerasi lemak yang bersifat sementara karena tidak berlanjut sampai nekrosa dan tergolong dalam tingkat ringan. Degenerasi lemak diduga merupakan efek samping akibat mengkonsumsi daun katuk, namun mekanismenya sampai saaat ini belum diketahui dengan pasti.
Keyword: 

Judul: Construction of Strongly Optimal Binary Linear Code with Minimum Distance 9 and 11
Abstrak: A binary linear code of length n over q F is a subspace of n q F . A code has three parameters that attached to it, namely length, dimension, and minimum distance. A code with length n, dimension k and minimum distance d is often called [n, k, d ]-code. Usually, when two parameters are given, then we want to find a code that has the best value for the last parameter. Based on Gilbert- Varshamov bound, if a [n, k, d ]-code exists and can not be expanded, we call it a strongly optimal code. In this paper, we construct strongly optimal code with minimum distance 9 and 11. In constructing the code, we created a theorem and algorithm based on Gilbert-Varshamov bound before we implement the algorithm to MAPLE programming language. Because of computational limitations, the program can only construct up to k = 10 for d = 9 and k = 12 for d = 11.
Keyword: