Judul: Potential Non-Tax Government Revenue from Fishing Levy in The North Sumatera Province
Abstrak: There is a Non-Tax Government Revenue (Penerimaan Negara Bukan Pajak, PNBP) in Indonesia Fisheries sector. This PNBP comes from two sources a) Commercial Fisheries Charges (Pungutan Pengusahaan Perikanan/PPP) and b) Fisheries Levy (Pungutan Hasil Perikanan/PHP). The PPP for each boat is calculated simply by mutiplying the size of fishing boat (Gross Tonnage, GT) with a pre-set tariff per GT. However, measurement of all fishing vessel GT in Indonesia is being mandated to and conducted by the Directorate General of Sea Transportation in the Ministry of Transportation (MT). Problems raised when physical inspection conducted by the Directorate General of Capture Fisheries (DG-CF) and BPK-RI shown significant differences between the boat’s legal deed of their GT and the results of actual measurement on the field. It shows that legal deed on the GT shown much less size compare to the actual. This situation definitely diminish Government prospect to obtain non-tax revenue necessary for managing fisheries resource. This study was conducted to investigate the phenomenon, using 49 samples of vessel trawlers (fish net) and purse seiners with legal deed between 25 – 30 GT; the samples were collected purposively. Method of the research is descriftif analysis and t test. The result shows that the average GT size of the samples in accord to their legal deed 29,08 GT in general, whereas the average GT size of the same vessels based on the re-measurement is 51,71 GT, or a difference is 22,62 GT. Translate those discrepancy in GT amount into potential loss of the PNBP natial wide- brings to a total figure of Rp. 731,244,645,-. In the North Sumatera Province itself the potential loss of PNBP is estimated at Rp 4,68,319,532,-.
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Judul: Kebijakan Pungutan Hasil Perikanan (PHP): Studi Kasus Perikanan Purse Seine Pelagis Kecil di Pelabuhan Perikanan Nusantara (PPN) Pekalongan
Abstrak: Purse seine fishery in North Java coastal represent one of effort capture fishery which becoming importance for fishery society in Central Java, especially Pekalongan city. The purpose of this research is to analyze effort of occupation, value of ship productivity and fish composition, fish price standard (HPI), and volume an reward (%) of PHP towards of ship purse seine small fish pelagic. This research was studied during January to June 2006 for primary collecting data at Pekalongan Fishing Port, Central Java. Method used in this research is literature study and survey method. The result show that all purse seiner are capable to operate except for 81 GT ( 2004 & 2005) and 65 GT (2005) vessels; However and the productivity of purse seiner was decreased until 14,5 % - 60,9 % for 2004 and 2005. The standard of fish price was appropriated by Ministry Regulation and Rewards of PHP have opportunity increasing equal to 3.5 % – 4.5 %.
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Judul: Hydroxyapatite-Chitosan Composite Coating on Stainless Steel 316 to Improve Corrosion Resistance
Abstrak: Metals that were used in bone implantation should have good corrosion resistance that were not easily corroded when implanted into the body. Metal corrosion resistance of stainless steel 316 can be enhanced through the metal coating by hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite with composition ratio of hydroxyapatite (gram) and chitosan 3% (mL) 0.2:0, 0.2:0.1, 0.2:0.5, 0.2:1.0, and 0.2:1.5. Besides improving the corrosion resistance of metal, the presence of chitosan also maintain the position of hydroxyapatite on metal surfaces. Corrosion resistance increases with increasing amount of chitosan added and the best composition of hydroxyapatite-chitosan composite was 0.2:1.0.
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