Judul: Tsunami Hazard Mapping in Coastal Lumajang District Using Geographical Information Systems
Abstrak: Kabupaten Lumajang merupakan wilayah yang sangat rentan terhadap ancaman bencana tsunami. Hal ini terjadi dikarenakan wilayah Kabupaten Lumajang berhadapan langsung dengan pertemuan lempeng Eurasia dan lempeng Indo-Australia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan dan menganalisis bahaya tsunami di Kabupaten Lumajang menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis (SIG) dengan dua skenario ketinggian tsunami, yaitu 10 meter dan 25,4 meter. Metode Berryman digunakan dalam pemetaan bahaya tsunami dengan mengaplikasikan perhitungan matematis yang mempertimbangkan parameter karakteristik garis pantai, koefisien kekasaran permukaan, kemiringan lereng, dan ketinggian tsunami di garis pantai. Daerah yang berpotensi tergenang tsunami akan ditampilkan dalam bentuk peta bahaya yang diklasifikasikan ke dalam tiga tingkatan. Hasil pemetaan menunjukkan bahwa pada skenario 10 meter, 5 kecamatan berpotensi tergenang tsunami dengan total luas terdampak 4.344,6 hektar, dengan Kecamatan Pasirian memiliki area terdampak terluas. Skenario 25,4 meter berdampak pada 5 kecamatan dengan total luas mencapai 9.980,4 hektar, dengan Kecamatan Yosowilangun menjadi yang terluas., Kabupaten Lumajang is a region highly vulnerable to the threat of tsunamis due to its direct exposure to the convergence of the Eurasian and Indo-Australian tectonic plates. The purpose of this research is to map and analyze tsunami hazards in Lumajang Regency using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) with two tsunami height scenarios, namely 10 meters and 25,4 meters. The Berryman method was used in tsunami hazard mapping by applying mathematical calculations that considered the characteristic parameters of the coastline, surface roughness coefficient, slope, and tsunami height at the coastline.. Areas potentially inundated by tsunamis were depicted in hazard maps categorized into three levels of risk. The mapping results revealed that in the 10-meter scenario, 5 districts were risk of tsunami inundation, with a total affected area of 4.344,6 hectares, with Pasirian District having the largest impacted area. In the 25,4-meter scenario, 5 districts were affected with a total area of 9.980,4 hectares, and Yosowilangun District had the most extensive impact area.
Keyword: Metode Berryman, Peta Bahaya, SIG, Skenario Tsunami, Tsunami, Berryman Method, GIS, Hazard Map, Tsunami Scenarios

Judul: Pemetaan Area Terdampak Tsunami Menggunakan Sistem Informasi Geografis di Pesisir Kabupaten Kebumen
Abstrak: Kabupaten Kebumen merupakan salah satu daerah yang berpotensi tinggi terjadi gempa bumi dan tsunami karena letaknya yang berada tepat di atas zona subduksi lempeng Indo-Australia dengan lempeng Eurasia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memetakan daerah terdampak dan menganalisis tingkat bahaya tsunami menggunakan sistem informasi geografis di wilayah pesisir Kabupaten Kebumen dengan tiga skenario ketinggian tsunami, yaitu 5,6 meter, 10 meter, dan 31,6 meter. Peta tingkat bahaya tsunami dibuat dengan metode Berryman dengan menggunakan beberapa dataset, yaitu garis pantai, kemiringan lereng, penggunaan lahan, koefisien kekasaran permukaan, dan ketinggian tsunami di garis pantai. Dalam penelitian ini, tingkat bahaya tsunami diklasifikasikan menjadi tiga kelas berdasarkan daerah yang tergenang, yaitu tinggi (>3 meter), sedang (1-3 meter), dan rendah (<1 meter). Hasil analisis spasial menunjukkan bahwa 8 kecamatan di Kabupaten Kebumen diprediksi akan tergenang dengan tiga skenario genangan yang berbeda. Skenario ini mencakup kedalaman genangan 5,6 meter, 10 meter, dan 31,6 meter, yang menghasilkan area yang berpotensi terkena dampak masing-masing seluas 1.938,2 hektare, 3.608,7 hektare, dan 9.587 hektare. Kecamatan Puring diidentifikasi memiliki potensi genangan terbesar., Kebumen Regency is one of the areas with a high potential for earthquakes and tsunamis because of its location right above the subduction zone of the Indo Australian plate with the Eurasian plate. This study aims to map the affected areas and analyze the tsunami hazard level using a geographic information system in the coastal area of Kebumen Regency with three tsunami height scenarios, namely 5,6 meters, 10 meters, and 31,6 meters. Tsunami hazard maps were derived from the Berryman method using several datasets, namely coastline, slope, land use, surface roughness coefficient, and tsunami height on the coastline. In this study, tsunami hazard levels were classified into three classes based on inundated areas, namely high (>3 meters), medium (1-3 meters), and low (<1 meter). Spatial analysis results revealed that 8 sub districts within Kebumen Regency were predicted to be inundated under three different inundation scenarios. These scenarios include inundation depths of 5.6 meters, 10 meters, and 31.6 meters, resulting in potentially affected areas of 1,938.2 hectares, 3,608.7 hectares, and 9,587 hectares, respectively. Puring District was identified as having the greatest potential inundation area
Keyword: metode berryman, tsunami, peta bahaya, SIG, skenario tsunami

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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