Judul: Cation and Anion Relationship in Soil Solution Vertically on Typic Hapludult in Bukit Duabelas National Park
Abstrak: Soil nutrient content is dynamic, which is dependent on the amount and movement of cation-anion in the soil solution. This research was conducted to determine the amount of dissolved cations in soil solutions and to evaluate their relationship to typic hapludult soils in the tropical rainforest of Bukit Duabelas National Park (TNBD). Lisymeters are installed on each soil horizon to hold percolated water. The accumulated water sample was extracted and each cation (NH4+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+) and anions amount and concentration (PO43-, Cl-, SO42-, NO3-) were measured. Data were analyzed using independent statistical tests, Spearman correlation, and stepwise linear regression. The results show that the total cations and anions are significantly higher in the AO horizon than the AB and B horizons. The results of the correlation analysis show that generally the cation has a strong correlation with each anion (correlation value> 0.80). The stepwise linear regression model shows that NH4+ has the strongest relationship with NO3-, PO43-, and Cl- with R2adj. = 0.75, Ca2+ to NO3-, PO43-, and SO42- (R2adj. = 0.856), Mg2+ to NO3- and PO43- (R2adj. = 0.815), and K+ to PO43- and Cl- (R2adj. = 0.845). It can be concluded that NO3-, Cl-, SO42-, and PO43- are directly involved as agents of co-pairing cations in soil nutrient movements and leaching processes. Closed nutrient cycle is the key to how forest land can maintain the fertility of the inner soil layer that receives nutrients through rainwater that enters the soil parent material through plant roots.
Keyword: cation, anion, soil horizon, forest fires, linear regression

Judul: Comparison of Methods for Assessing Soil Fertility Status  on Toposequence Transect in Sandai Subdistrict, Ketapang District, West  Kalimantan
Abstrak: Penilaian status kesuburan tanah penting dalam pengembangan pertanian terutama untuk menghadapi tantangan krisis pangan dan potensi degradasi lahan. Penelitian ini mengkaji status kesuburan tanah pada transek toposekuen di Kecamatan Sandai, Kabupaten Ketapang, Kalimantan Barat. Contoh tanah yang diambil dari kedalaman 0-30 dan 30-60 cm pada tujuh titik pengamatan (TP1, TP2, TP3, TK1, TK2, TK3, dan TK4) kemudian dianalisis kapasitas tukar kation (KTK), kejenuhan basa (KB), P2O5 ekstrak HCl 25%, K2O ekstrak HCl 25%, dan karbon organik (C-organik) serta basa-basa dapat ditukar (Ca, Mg, dan K). Analisis ini didukung dengan Principal Component Analysis (PCA) melalui perangkat lunak statistik R Studio. Penilaian kesuburan tanah didasarkan pada kriteria Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP), Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR) dan Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN). Status kesuburan tanah berdasarkan metode FMSCP berkisar antara sangat rendah (SR) hingga rendah (R). Terdapat variasi yang tinggi pada status kesuburan tanah (defisiensi hingga berlebih) berdasarkan kriteria BCSR dan SLAN, yang memiliki hubungan erat dengan keragaman bahan induk tanah dan kemiringan lereng. Tanah-tanah pada titik pengamatan TP1, TP2, dan TP3 berstatus defisiensi hingga seimbang, sedangkan TK1, TK2, TK3, dan TK4 didominasi oleh status seimbang hingga berlebih pada metode BCSR. Kriteria SLAN nasional mengindikasikan Ca, Mg, dan K tanah berstatus defisiensi. Status defisiensi juga terdapat hanya pada unsur K berdasarkan kriteria SLAN internasional. Hasil penelitian ini merekomendasikan implementasi dari metode penilaian status kesuburan tanah berbasis kriteria FMSCP pada tanah-tanah tropis di Indonesia., Assessment of soil fertility status is important in agricultural development, especially to face the challenges of the food crisis and potential land degradation. This research examines the status of soil fertility on topose sequence transects in Sandai Subdistrict, Ketapang District, West Kalimantan. Soil samples taken from depths of 0-30 and 30-60 cm at seven observation points (TP1, TP2, TP3, TK1, TK2, TK3, and TK4) were then analyzed for cation exchange capacity (CEC), base saturation (BS), P2O5 extract HCl 25%, K2O extract HCl 25%, and organic carbon (C-organics) as well as exchangeable bases (Ca, Mg, and K). This analysis was supported by Principal Component Analysis (PCA) via R Studio statistical software. Soil fertility assessment is based on the Five Major Soil Chemical Properties (FMSCP), Basic Cation Saturation Ratio (BCSR) and Sufficiency Level of Available Nutrients (SLAN) criteria. Soil fertility status based on the FMSCP method ranges from very low (VL) to low (L). There is high variation in soil fertility status (deficient to excessive) based on the BCSR and SLAN criteria, which is closely related to the diversity of soil parent materials and slope. The soils at observation points TP1, TP2, and TP3 have deficiency to balance status, while TK1, TK2, TK3, and TK4 are dominated by balance to excess status using the BCSR method. National SLAN criteria indicate soil Ca, Mg and K have deficiency status. Deficiency status also exists only for element K based on international SLAN criteria. The results of this research recommend the implementation of a soil fertility status assessment method based on FMSCP criteria on tropical soils in Indonesia.
Keyword: BCSR, FMSCP, SLAN, soil fertility, toposequence

Judul: Infeksi Virus Parainfluenza Pada Anjing
Abstrak: Virus parainfluenza anjing termasuk famili Paramyxoviridae, berbentuk pleomorf dengan ukuran bervariasi (bergaris tengah antara 100-500 nm), berpembungkus peka ether, berisi genom RNA dan secara serologis mempunyai kesamaan dengan virus SV-5 kera; dikenak sebagai salah satu kausa penting dari sindrom "kennel cough". Infeksinya dapat mengenai anjing semua umur yang belum pernah terinfeksi atau mendapatkan vaksinasi mengakibatkan gejala klinis ringan yang terbatas pada traktus respirasi atu infeksi yang secara klinis tidak memperlihatkan gejala nyata. Gejala klinis yang nampak setelah masa inkubasi (1-5 hari) terlewati berupa batuk yang tidak berat selama beberapa hari, berbagai tingkat tonsilitis dan pharyngitis dan kadang-kadang ditemukan kenaikan temperatur rektal antara 1-2 derajat C dari temperatur normal rat-rata. Anjing terinfeksi mengandung virus pada traktus respirasi bagian atas dan bawah serta limfonoduli sampai hari ke 9 setelah infeksi. Penyebaran virus antar anjing terjadi secara aerogen.
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