Judul: Analysis of Flood Prone Areas in the Cimandiri Watershed in Warungkiara District, Sukabumi Regency Based on GIS
Abstrak: Floods can cause material and immaterial damage. The purpose of this study is to map flood-prone areas in the Cimandiri watershed in the Warungkiara sub-district based on GIS and determine priority land cover for rescue from flood disasters. The method used in the analysis of flood susceptibility is the method of scoring and weighting. The flood susceptibility parameters used are slope, land height, land cover, river buffer, rainfall, soil type, and soil texture. The wide distribution of flood susceptibility in Warungkiara District obtained starting from the largest, respectively, namely low level (5,205.37 ha), medium (2,169.66 ha), safe (1,285.55 ha), and high (305.59 ha). Priority land cover that must be saved from flooding are settlements (351.42 ha) and plantations (2,658.66 ha). After the drainage and infiltration wells were built, the low-level (130.06 ha), medium (195.45 ha) and high (25.91 ha) flood susceptibility classes in residential areas became safe classes. Meanwhile, after the terracing was built, the safe level (677.73 ha), low (1,574.20 ha), and medium (406.72 ha) vulnerability classes in the plantation area made the safe level flood vulnerability class to 2,227.37 ha and low to an area of 431.29 ha., Banjir dapat memberikan kerusakan dari segi materiel maupun immateriel. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah memetakan daerah rawan banjir pada DAS Cimandiri di Kecamatan Warungkiara berbasis SIG dan menentukan tutupan lahan prioritas penyelamatan dari bencana banjir yang selanjutnya pada tutupan lahan tersebut dilakukan skenario berupa pembuatan prasarana yang dapat mengatasi banjir. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis kerawanan banjir adalah metode skoring dan pembobotan. Parameter kerawanan banjir yang digunakan yaitu kemiringan lereng, ketinggian lahan, tutupan lahan, buffer sungai, curah hujan, jenis tanah, dan tekstur tanah. Sebaran luas kerawanan banjir di Kecamatan Warungkiara yang diperoleh dimulai dari terbesar secara berturut-turut yaitu tingkat rendah (5.205,37 ha), sedang (2.169,66 ha), aman (1.285,55 ha), dan tinggi (305,59 ha). Tutupan lahan prioritas yang harus diselamatkan dari banjir yaitu permukiman (351,42 ha) dan perkebunan (2.658,66 ha). Setelah dibangun drainase dan sumur resapan, kelas kerawanan banjir tingkat rendah (130,06 ha), sedang (195,45 ha), dan tinggi (25,91 ha) di kawasan permukiman menjadi kelas aman. Sedangkan setelah dibangun terasering, kelas kerawanan tingkat aman (677,73 ha), rendah (1.574,20 ha), dan sedang (406,72 ha) di kawasan perkebunan, membuat kelas kerawanan banjir tingkat aman menjadi seluas 2.227,37 ha dan kelas rendah menjadi seluas 431,29 ha.
Keyword: ArcGIS, flood, flood vulnerability, GIS

Judul: Pemetaan Daerah Rawan Banjir Berbasis Sistem Informasi Geografis pada Kecamatan Ciputat Timur Kota Tangerang
Abstrak: Banjir merupakan salah satu permasalahan utama di Indonesia. Salah satu upaya untuk meminimalkan dampak negatif banjir adalah dengan menyediakan peta daerah rawan banjir. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengaruh beberapa parameter kerawanan banjir terhadap peluang kejadian banjir, memetakan daerah rawan banjir, dan mengidentifikasi daerah risiko banjir di Kecamatan Ciputat Timur. Metode yang digunakan dalam analisis kerawanan banjir adalah metode skoring dan pembobotan dengan bantuan sistem informasi geografis (SIG). Parameter kerawanan banjir yang digunakan yaitu curah hujan, kemiringan lereng, ketinggian lahan, penggunaan lahan, jenis tanah, dan buffer sungai. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan wilayah Kecamatan Ciputat Timur didominasi kelas kerawanan banjir kategori sedang seluas 1.047,33 ha (66,22%). Kelas kerawanan banjir kategori tinggi dan sangat tinggi terdapat di Kelurahan Cireundeu dengan luas secara berturut-turut 20,95 ha dan 2,93 ha. Tingkat risiko banjir di Kecamatan Ciputat Timur sebagian besar masuk kategori sedang seluas 903,89 ha (57,15%). Kelas risiko banjir kategori tinggi terluas yaitu Kelurahan Cireundeu dengan luas 13,02 ha., Flooding is one of the main problems in Indonesia. One of the efforts to minimize the negative impact of flooding is to provide a map of flood-prone areas. This research aims to analyze the effect of several flood vulnerability parameters on the chance of flood occurrence, map flood-prone areas, and identify flood risk areas in Ciputat Timur Sub-district. The method used in flood vulnerability analysis is scoring and weighting method with the help of geographic information system (GIS). The flood vulnerability parameters used are rainfall, slope, land elevation, land use, soil type, and river buffer. The results show that the Ciputat Timur Sub-district area is dominated by the medium category flood vulnerability class covering an area of 1.047,33 ha (66,22%). The high and very high flood vulnerability classes are found in Cireundeu Village with an area of 20,95 ha and 2,93 ha, respectively. The level of flood risk in Ciputat Timur Sub-district is mostly in the medium category with an area of 903,89 ha (57,15%). The largest flood risk class in the high category is Cireundeu Urban Village with an area of 13,02 ha.
Keyword: kerawanan, Pemetaan, risiko, flood, mapping, risk, banjir, sig, gis, vulnerability

Judul: Synthesis of Apatite - Chitosan Composite Using Duck Eggshell and Chitosan with Temperature and pH Control
Abstrak: Composite of apatite-chitosan was prepared by using chitosan as polymer matrix. Calcium phosphate was prepared from CaO and (NH4)2HPO4, which the ratio Ca : P had to be 1.67. Chitosan is produced by deacetilase from biopolymer chitin. Duck eggshell (95% CaCO3) as starting material was converted to be calcium oxide (CaO) through calcinations with temperature 1000oC for 5 hours. In-situ and ex-situ methods were prepared from apatite and chitosan (dissolved with acetate acid 2%). Calcium phosphate prepared for bone implantation, but it is too fragile and brittle to be implant into the body. So addition of chitosan can decrease crystalinity and increase mechanic characteristic (tougher). Composite apatite-chitosan was resulted by fast precipitation. Fast precipitation was held in a breaker glass with nitrogen atmosphere, under controlled temperature at 37oC and pH 7, in order to increase amount of hydroxyapatite. Precipitation with CaO which was dropped by (NH4)2HPO4. Hydroxyapatite and chitosan were appearing at samples with in-situ and ex-situ methods which indicating by peak matching of XRD (closed lattice parameter, crystal size), overlapping at FTIR spectra and supporting by SEM picture (homogenous and agglomerated particle). However, it still needs further research to examine biocompatibility osteoconductive degree of sample by in-vivo and in-vitro test.
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