Judul: Effect of MS Media Strength, BAP Concentration and Tomato Extract Concentration on Growth of Putative Mutant Nepenthes ampullaria Jack In Vitro
Abstrak: Nepenthes ampullaria mutan putatif merupakan tanaman hasil dari iradiasi sinar gamma yang memiliki gen termutasi. Namun, pertumbuhannya belum stabil sehingga diperlukan modifikasi beberapa faktor, seperti media tanam. Penelitian ini bertujuan mempelajari pengaruh kekuatan media MS, konsentrasi BAP serta penambahan ekstrak tomat terhadap pertumbuhan mutan tersebut. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan 3 Departemen Agronomi dan Hortikultura, Fakultas Pertanian, IPB University pada rentang waktu November 2022 sampai Agustus 2023. Penelitian ini terdiri dari dua percobaan. Percobaan pertama menggunakan Rancangan Kelompok Lengkap Teracak dua faktor, yaitu kekuatan media MS (1MS, 1/2MS dan 1/4MS) dan zat pengatur tumbuh BAP (0; 2,22; 4,44; 6,66 dan 8,88 μM). Terdapat 15 kombinasi perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan sehingga didapatkan 90 satuan percobaan. Percobaan kedua menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan faktor konsentrasi ekstrak tomat (0; 100; 200 dan 300 ml L-1). Terdapat 4 perlakuan dengan 6 ulangan sehingga didapatkan 24 satuan percobaan. Kombinasi media 1/4MS dan 2,22 μM BAP efektif menghasilkan pertumbuhan optimal pada peubah jumlah tunas, jumlah daun dan jumlah kantong. Media 1/4MS menjadi media optimal dengan hasil terbaik yang mampu mendukung pertumbuhan mutan putatif Nepenthes ampullaria. BAP secara tunggal tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah tunas dan jumlah daun. Media dengan penambahan ekstrak tomat tidak dapat menghasilkan pertumbuhan apapun pada eksplan., Putative mutant of Nepenthes ampullaria is resulting from gamma ray irradiation that has mutated genes. However, the growth is not stable so it requires modification in several factors, such as the planting medium. This research aims to study the effect of MS media strength, BAP concentration, as well as tomato extract addition on growth of this mutant. The research was conducted at Tissue Culture Laboratory 3, Department of Agronomy and Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, IPB University from November 2022 to August 2023. This research consists of two experiments. The first experiment used a Completely Randomized Block Design with two factors, namely MS media strength (1MS, 1/2MS and 1/4MS) and plant growth regulator BAP (0; 2,22; 4,44; 6,66 and 8,88 μM). There were 15 combinations of treatments with 6 replications, resulting in 90 experimental units. The second experiment used Randomized Complete Group Design with tomato extract concentration (0; 100; 200 and 300 ml L-1) as factor. There were 4 treatments with 6 replications, resulting in 24 experimental units. The combination between 1/4MS medium and 2,22 μM BAP effective in producing optimal growth for the variables, namely number of shoots, number of leaves and number of pitcher. The 1/4MS medium has become the optimal media, providing the best results to support the growth of putative mutant of Nepenthes ampullaria. The single treatment of BAP did not have a significant effect on the number of shoots and the number of leaves. Media with tomato extract addition could not promote growth.
Keyword: cytokinins, growth, monkey pitcher, organic matter, planting medium

Judul: The Effect of BAP Hormones on Shoot Multiplication of Kantung Semar (Nephentes alata Blanco) Planted on Murashige & Skoog Media with In Vitro Techniques
Abstrak: Nepenthes atau Kantung Semar merupakan tumbuhan yang unik yang saat ini keberadaannya semakin terancam. Saat ini nepenthes termasuk ke dalam tanaman langka berdasarkan kategori IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) dan WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). Di Indonesia tumbuhan ini dilindungi menurut PP No. 7 tahun 1999 dan termasuk dalam daftar CITES Appendix I (N. rajah dan N. khasiana) dan Appendix II (selain kedua jenis tersebut). Teknik budidaya tumbuhan dengan metode konvensional (menggunakan medium tanah atau pasir) sering dihadapkan kepada kendala teknis, baik dalam segi waktu maupun lingkungan. Oleh karena itu saat ini telah berkembang teknik budidaya kultur jaringan, dan untuk mengoptimalkan multiplikasi tunas N. alata dapat dirangsang dengan menggunakan hormon BAP (6-benzylaminopurine)., Nepenthes or pitcher plant is unique plant which existence is increasingly threatened. Currently nepenthes is belong to the category of rare plants on the basis of IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) and WCMC (World Conservation Monitoring Centre). In Indonesia, this plant is protected by PP No.7 / 1999 and included in Appendix I (N. rajah and N. khasiana) and Appendix II (in addition to the two types of these) of CITES. Plant cultivation techniques with conventional methods (using soil or sand media) are often encounter technical challenges, both in terms of time and environment. Nowaday, tissue culture technique had been developed to overcome the challenges, and BAP hormones (6-benzylaminopurine) could be used in stimulating nepenthes shoot multiplication. The research was conducted in November 2010 to March 2011 in Plant Conservation Laboratory, Department of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecotourism, Faculty of Forestry, Bogor Agricultural University. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of BAP hormones (0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5 ml/l), the use of Murashige & Skoog media (0, 1/5, 1/3, and 1 MS), and the interaction of both hormone and media effect on the growth nepenthes invitro. Quantitative data collected included the number of shoots, books, and leaves, and the height of shoot, while the qualitative data included description of the condition of the plant (root, callus, and death). The result showed that the interaction between BAP hormone and Murashige & Skoog medium did not indicate a statistically significantly different effect on the shoot multiplication of N. alata. The highest number of shoot was shown in the treatment of 0.5 ml/l BAP, 1/3 MS (A3B2) with the average number 5.50 units. The use of MS medium indicated a statistically significantly different effect on the shoot multiplication of N. alata, with the highest number of shoot was shown in the use of 1/3 MS (B2) mediawith the average number 4,20 units; while the giving of BAP hormone did not indicate a statistically significantly different effect on the shoot multiplication of N. alata, with the highest number of shoot was shown in the use of BAP 0.1 ml/l (A1) with the average number 4.20 units. The conclusion of this research was the best shoot multiplication of N. alata happens in the treatment 0.5 ml/l BAP, 1/3 MS (A3B2); while if it just usedthe MS media the best shoot multiplication was shown in the use of
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Judul: Hamiltonian formulation for linear waves motion in two layers fluid
Abstrak: The surface wave could be considered as a wave that separates two fluids, namely water and air. Based on this assumption, it is introduced the interfacial wave, a wave between two layers of fluid with different density. The formulation of interfacial waves motion begins with deriving the base equation of irrotational ideal fluid. Furthermore, according to irrotational fluid assumption, the base equation can be stated in velocity potential. In this derivation, the fluids domain is assumed to be restricted by rigid lid boundary conditions, both at the upper and lower limit. Therefore, the interfacial waves motion can be explained in a hamiltonian formulation. In the hamiltonian formulation, total energy is defined as the sum of kinetic and potential energy. The hamiltonian system is obtained from reduction of kinetic energy by using the Dirichlet Neumann Operator. The resulted kinetic energy equation is nonlinear. Therefore, this form is linearized by first part of the Taylor expansion. This linearization gives a dispersion relation of linear wave. Based on this dispersion relation, the phase speed of the linear wave depends on the density ratio of the two layers fluid.
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