Judul: Analisis Curah Hujan dan Limpasan di Sub DAS Wainibe PT Gemma Hutani Lestari Pulau Buru Provinsi Maluku
Abstrak: Buru Island is an island that has a hilly topography, with very high rainfall intensity. Topography and rainfall are key factors determining in forest management. Runoff increasing caused land cover calculated by SCS CN method. Research location at PT Gemma Hutani Lestari of Buru Island. Hydrology data use from August 2012 to that March 2013 . The purpose of this research was to determine the distribution of rainfall and the amount of surface runoff affected by land cover change. The amount of rainfall that occurred in the duration of 1 day for return period of 1, 5, 10, 25, and 50 years is 66.6 mm, 133.6 mm, 162.4 mm, 200.5 mm, and 229.4 mm. The increase runoff volume of 6.7% at the time of the incident amounted to 122.17 mm of rainfall in 2009
Keyword: surface runoff, return period, Buru Island

Judul: Analisis Curah Hujan, Debit dan Tutupan Lahan di Sub DAS Ciliwung Hulu
Abstrak: Large floods that occurred in the Jakarta in 1996, 2002, 2007 and 2013 respect of Ciliwung watershed. Factors that cause flooding are basically two things that rainfall and land cover. The aim of study to analysis of frequency to predict the opportunity of maximum rainfall in one day, 2 days, and 3 days, as well as to analyze the maximum daily discharge in the return period of 5, 10, 25 and 50 years and to analysis change of land cover in Ciliwung up stream. The analysis result shows that the maximum rainfall in the period of 5, 10, 25 and 50 years are respectively 130 mm, 160 mm, 200 mm and 229 mm/day. While the opportunity of 2 day-maximum rainfall in the same return periods are 168 mm, 202 mm, 248 mm, and 283 mm respectively. The opportunity of 3 day maximum rainfall in the same return periods are 215 mm, 268 mm, 337 mm, and 389 mm respectively. The opportunity of maximum daily discharge in the return periods of 5, 10, 25 and 50 years are 470 m3/s; 565,5 m3/s; 703,4 m3/s, and 819,5 m3/s respectively. The minimum daily discharge in the same return periods are 1,4 m3/s; 1 m3/s; 0,7 m3/s; and 0,6 m3/s respectively.The average increase in the area woke up from 1996 to 2011 was 71.8 ha/year.
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Judul: Kloning dan Ekspresi Human Interferon-alfa2a pada Yeast Metilotropik Pichia pastoris
Abstrak: Interferon (IFN) is a group of proteins that are secreted by body cells as a result of exposure to biological vertebrates such as: viruses, bacteria, protozoa and other compounds. There are three types of interferon, namely: alpha (α), beta (β) and gamma (γ) IFN. Interferon-α2a belongs to the type I interferon. This protein has a molecular weight of 21.550 kDa and consists of 188 amino acids (23 amino acid of signal peptide and 166 amino acids of mature protein). Interferon-α2a is also known to be used for the treatment of hepatitis C and as anti-tumor and antivirus agents. Regulator gene for IFN production under normal conditions, is in the off position to IFN is not produced. But when there are external stimuli, both viral and bacterial infections, a regulator gene switches on, and IFN production system running. At the time of an attack from a variety of disease agents actually the body will produce IFN, but generally the amount produced is not sufficient to fight the disease agents that multiply very quickly. Therefore IFN intake from outside is needed. This is the beginning of the use of IFN as a drug. Genetic engineering is an activity to manipulate the genes to get new products by creating recombinant DNA through gene insertion. Recombinant DNA technology has been used to produce IFN. Yeast such as Pichia pastoris can be an alternative as the host (system) to express human interferon genes and as a producer of IFN protein. Expression system P. pastoris offers several advantages for the production of recombinant proteins, such as: the high level expression of recombinant proteins, ease of scaling-up fermenter, low cost and ease of transformation techniques and selection of transformed cells such as bacteria . The existence of inducible AOX1 promoter is very strong, easily control the expression of recombinant proteins by induction. AOX1 is a promoter that controls gene expression of alcohol oxidase to metabolize methanol as carbon source of P. pastoris. Therefore,this study aimed to clone human interefron-α2a (hifnα2a) gene in E. coli and express it in metylotrophic yeast P. pastoris. Vector used in this study is pPICZαB (Invitrogen). Ligation process between insert (hifn-α2a gene) and vector (pPICZαB) performed by using T4 DNA ligase, which functions synthesize the formation of phosphodiester bonds linking the nucleotides with nucleotide insert plasmid vectors to produce recombinant (pPICZαB-hifnα2a). This recombinant plasmid transformed into XL1 blue cells (E. coli) by Heat shock method. The results of sequencing analysis (clone 6) using 5'AOX and 3'AOX primers indicate that DNA base sequence of human IFN-α2a genes has been subclone into pPICZαB vector (in frame). Recombinant plasmid (clone 6) linearized using BstX1 enzyme before transformed into X33 yeast cell. Transformation into cell was done by Electroporation. The X33 cell P. pastoris strain was used to express human interferon-α2a. X33 is strains with the phenotype Mut+ (methanol utilization plus) and can be used for positive transformants selection using zeocin. Phase protein production work using Mut+ strain occurred in two phases. The first phase is the use of glycerol to obtain a certain amount of biomass (high cell
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