Judul: The Effect of ENSO to the Variability of Wet Season Onset in Indonesia
Abstrak: The transition in Indonesia is affected by ENSO. This study aims to determine the distribution of wet season onset in Indonesia and to understand the effect of ENSO to the variability of wet season onset in Indonesia. Wet season onset in every year is determined based on local rainfall. Index Nino 3.4 is determined from 1978-2007 and correlation analysis is used to measure the relation between the generated index with the index from NOAA. The analysis shows a positive correlation coefficient (r = 0,87). El Nino years consists of 1982, 1987, 1991, 1997, 2002, meanwhile La Nina consists of 1978, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2007. The results show that ENSO affect the wet season onset in various magnitude in every area of Indonesia. El Nino composite shows that the wet season onset shifts for 94 days later from normal years in Ambon meanwhile in Banda Aceh the onset shifts for 10 days earlier. La Nina composite shows that wet season onset shifts for 74 days earlier from normal years in Surabaya, meanwhile it is constant in Banda Aceh. Keywords: ENSO, index Nino 3.4, rainfall ,wet season onset, Perubahan musim dimulai pada satu waktu yang disebut sebagai onset. Perubahan musim di Indonesia dipengaruhi oleh ENSO. Penelitian ini bertujuan menentukan sebaran onset musim hujan secara spasial di Indonesia serta mengetahui pengaruh ENSO terhadap variabilitas onset musim hujan di Indonesia. Onset musim hujan setiap tahun ditentukan dengan kriteria curah hujan lokal. Indeks Nino 3.4 ditentukan dari tahun 1978-2007. Analisis korelasi antara indeks yang dihasilkan dan indeks dari NOAA menghasilkan koefisien korelasi positif sebesar (r = 0,87). Tahun El Nino di antaranya adalah 1982, 1987, 1991, 1997, 2002, sedangkan tahun La Nina diantaranya 1978, 1980, 1981, 1983, 1984, 1988, 1989, 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2005, 2007. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ENSO memberikan pengaruh yang beragam terhadap onset musim hujan di setiap wilayah di Indonesia. Pada komposit tahun El Nino terjadi pergeseran onset musim hujan yang sebesar 94 hari lebih lambat dari tahun normal di Ambon sedangkan pada Banda Aceh justru bergeser sebesar 10 hari lebih cepat. Pada komposit tahun La Nina terjadi pergeseran onset musim hujan sebesar 74 hari lebih awal dari tahun normal pada wilayah Surabaya sedangkan pada Banda Aceh menunjukkan onset musim hujan konstan atau tidak bergeser. Kata kunci: curah hujan, ENSO, indeks Nino 3.4, onset musim hujan.
Keyword: Curah Hujan, ENSO, Indeks Nino 3.4, Onset Musim Hujan, Rainfall, Index Nino 3.4, Wet Season Onset

Judul: Analisis Variabilitas Curah Hujan Indonesia pada Kejadian ENSO
Abstrak: Indonesia is one of the countries which experiences El Niño and Southern Oscillation (ENSO) impact on rainfall variability. The purpose of this study included to investigate the Indonesian climate variations related to ENSO events and to understand the effect of ENSO on rainfall temporal distributions at Indramayu (6.35°LS, 108.32°BT) and Tabing (0.88°LS, 100.35°BT). Composite analysis method was used to reveal the trend of sea surface temperature anomaly, wind at 850 hPa, OLR and TRMM 3B43 rainfall data, whereas temporal and correlation analysis was used to observe rainfall and nino-3.4 index. When El Niño sea surface temperature anomaly (ASPL) maximum in October-December, 850 hPa wind backwards from west to east along with increased speed and deviation of OLR below the average values in central and eastern equatorial Pacific which indicates the accumulation of rain cloud. La Niña occurrence is indicated by the deviations of sea surface temperature below average. Low pressure center in Asia reached 850 hPa winds and strengthened Walker circulation, the movement of the air mass brought moisture to Indonesia. Based on the composite of TRMM rainfall, it appeared that the El Niño events gave more significant impact at the end of the year (October to December) on East Indonesia, Java and parts of Sumatra and Kalimantan, while La Niña (December to February) in south and eastern part of Indonesia. Monsoonal pattern (Indramayu) showed ENSO impacts more strongly than equatorial (Tabing). The shift of dry season and low rainfall were affected by ASPL fluctuations on nino-3.4 region.
Keyword: TRMM, SPL, Rainfall, OLR, ENSO

Judul: Case Study of Gallbladder Mucocele and Treatment Used In Small Animals
Abstrak: Gallbladder mucocele (GM) is defined as distention of the gallbladder caused by an inappropriate accumulation or deposition of high concentrations of bile. The purpose of this case study is to study GM conditions in small animals and to report the clinical sign and characteristics of GM through the sonogram interpretation and blood chemistry test evaluation, and studies related to the therapy given and other treatments recommended. A 14-year-old Toy Poodle dog has been diagnosed with severe GM and cholecystitis. No pain signs were shown during the physical examination as asymptomatic is a common characteristic in the early stage of biliary related diseases. In this study Abdominal ultrasonography interpretation and blood chemistry evaluation was conducted in 2021-2022 and analyzed as a secondary data source. Ultrasonography results showed presence of hyperechoic, immobile deposits in gallbladder accompanied by wall thickening and enlarged in size, followed by a significant increase in the enzyme alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This study has summarized mainly the diagnosis and treatments of GM in small animals and suitable alternatives treatments were recommended to encounter the GM conditions in small animals. The effectiveness of combined therapy shows the positive impact on the patient, the condition of GM has been under control.
Keyword: ultrasound, gallbladder, biliary sludge, abdominal ultrasonography